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UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS
LIBRARY

E8E8
1 886-90

TRANSACTIONS

FOR THE YEAR 1886,

OF THE

ESSEX AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY,

(ORGANIZED 1818,)

FOR THE

COUNTY OF ESSEX,

IN MASSACHUSETTS,

WITH THE

Sixty-fourth Annual Address,

Rev. JOHN D. KINGSBURY,

OF BRADFORD.

PUBLISHED BY ORDER OP THE SOCIETY.

GLOUCESTER, MASS. :

PRINTED AT THE OFFICE OF THE CAPE ANN ADVERTISER.

1886.

LIBRARY

MY OF

MASSACHUSETTS

AMHERST, MASS.

ADDRESS.

Mr. President: — It is pleasant to speak of Agriculture,
the earliest, most constant, most important employment.
Agriculture, most enduring art, which still goes on when
customs change and races die ; renewing its youth with
each generation, employing the largest force, aggregating
the greatest wealth, and furnishing the basis for all the
labor of men. American Agriculture, in the forefront,
eager in invention, bold in execution, patient in labor,
confident in its resources, with a certain audacity gives its
challenge to all the world.

One quarter of the total wealth of our country is em-
ployed in cultivating land. The capital invested in farm-
ing, including live stock, is twelve thousand millions.
Manufacturing, which comes next, is about one third as
much. England may boast a larger navy, Russia may be
proud of a larger standing army ; we " beat our swords
into plowshares and our spears into pruning hooks." We
study the arts of peace.

Agricultural products are the sure indications of endur-
ing life. Austria turns into the commerce of the world
$322,000,000, next comes Britain with 1280 millions,
France 2220 millions, Germany 2280 millions, Russia
2545 millions, and last and highest of all, our own land,
3020 millions. We have fifty-six and three-quarter million

hogs, forty-six million cattle, forty-five million sheep,
twelve and a quarter million horses. " Our live stock
formed in a column five deep, would reach round the
world."

We are self-poised. Not an agricultural machine is
usable on our farms which is not either an American in-
vention, or is made usable by our own inventors.

It is pleasant to speak of Agriculture, for above all
others it is the art most nearly related to life and charac-
ter and the homes of men.

In ancient times, it was common to exalt the art, while
the laborer was forgotten. Egypt glorified the labor,- the
plow, the soil, but despised the man. It has not been a
rare thing to find greater praise given to the beasts that
bare the burdens than to the laboring man. Thej' praised
labor in the abstract, they sacrificed to the Gods of the
harvest, and glorified the winds and showers and even the
harvest utensils. Virgil sang sweetly of the art of hus-
bandry, but he portrayed the peasant poor, ignorant, and
held helpless under the will of the autocrat. It has been
thought an honorable thing to own the soil, but to till it
has been a menial service.

Here lies the secret of the slow growth of Agriculture.
Man was ignored. The result was that four thousand
years passed and man still used the primitive plow, a
crooked stick that stirred the ground and could not make
a furrow. The old sickle, which was used by the Egyp-
tians, was the only instrument for cutting grain until al-
most within the memory of man. The grain drill, which
was invented by Jethro Tuli so late as 1701, was greatly

improved by President Clap of Yale College. The old
scythe for cutting grass was hardly improved till, in 1846,
Joseph Jenks of Lynn welded the iron back. Poor tools
and few improvements show that the men were not devel-
oped.

The Ancients did not ignore this industry. Cato wrote
a book on Agriculture. The Roman Senate ordered the
translation of the books of Mago of Carthage for the com-
mon people. Columella describes a good milch cow,
" large belly, broad head, black open eyes, graceful horns,
smooth and black, ears hairy, jaws straight, dewlap and
tail small." That was very good for the time. We could
do better now. The Roman orator, Curius, said, "He is
not to be counted a good citizen who cannot content him-
self with seven acres of land." That was early Rome. In
later times they made the farm larger. Pliny said, "The
earth takes delight in being tilled by men crowned with
laurels and decorated with triumphal honors." That was
poor poetry and poorer prose. The truth is, the earth
delights in being tilled by the man who knows how to
raise a crop. Buonaparte established agricultural socie-
ties, planted botanical gardens, and founded agricultural
professorships, but he did not establish citizenship for
the French peasant.

The history of Agriculture is the history of man. The
slow growth of the art is because of the neglect of man-
hood. The Roman orator declared, "There is nothing
more beautiful, nothing more protitable than a well culti-
vated farm," but he left out the nobler idea of the well
cultivated man on the farm. Greece drained lakes and

hogs, forty-six million cattle, forty-five million sheep,
twelve and a quarter million horses. "Our live stock
formed in a column five deep, would reach round the
world."

We are self-poised. Not an agricultural machine is
usable on our farms which is not either an American in-
vention, or is made usable by our own inventors.

It is pleasant to speak of Agriculture, for above all
others it is the art most nearly related to life and charac-
ter and the homes of men.

In ancient times, it was common to exalt the art, while
the laborer was forgotten. Egypt glorified the labor,, the
plow, the soil, but despised the man. It has not been a
rare thing to find greater praise given to the beasts that
bare the burdens than to the laboring man. They praised
labor in the abstract, they sacrificed to the Gods of the
harvest, and glorified the winds and showers and even the
harvest utensils. Virgil sang sweetly of the art of hus-
bandry, but he portrayed the peasant poor, ignorant, and
held helpless under the will of the autocrat. It has been
thought an honorable thing to own the soil, but to till it
has been a menial service.

The history of Agriculture is the history of man. The
slow growth of the art is because of the neglect of man-
hood. The Roman orator declared, "There is nothing
more beautiful, nothing more profitable than a well culti-
vated farm," but he left out the nobler idea of the well
cultivated man on the farm. Greece drained lakes and

feed it with fertilizers, to make it just light enough, just
hard and solid enough, so that it may retain moisture and
yet not be waterlogged.

It is not a more delicate labor for the farmer's wife to
raise the white loaf, spongy and moist and elastic to the
touch, than for the farmer to make up the hill where the
corn will grow that measures a hundred bushels to the
acre. Some wise chemist will teach that the only requisite
is the nutriment in the hill. The tanner knows better.
He knows that straw, plowed under to rot in the heavy
soil, lifting it and tilling it with capillary interstices, is as
needful as the plant food.

He knows that a heavy crop of India wheat, or of close
hard turf plowed under, will recover the worn-out soil, not
simply by furnishing nutriment, but by putting the land
in condition for growth. Many a pasture is rich in mate-
rial for plant life, which will not furnish good feed. Plow
the hard turf under. Let the under soil mellow in sun
and shower. Raise a crop from it. Pulverize it with the
hoe, and seed it down with clover and red top, and your
herds will rejoice in the abundant feed. You might as
well sleep in a bed that has not felt the touch of a wom-
an's hand for a twelvemonth as to expect white clover to
grow with sweet leaf and honeyed blossom for your cattle
on the hard-packed earth. To give the soil the right
porosity, to expose it to the air, to give it the right nutri-
ment, requires wisdom.

The problem becomes more intricate when he studies
the elements which make up the products. He needs to
know not only what he raises, but why he raises it.

It is worth while to know that the nitrogenous elements
vary in the different grains. These are called Albumin-
oids. They produce muscle.

Oats, 8 to 14 in 100,

Flint Corn, 7 to 13 in 100,

Sweet Corn, 10 to 15 in 100,

Shorts and Middlings, 7 to 16in 100,

Wheat, 8 to 15 in 100.

It helps in the feeding of stock to know what will fatten
and what will give muscle and vigor. And in raising the
crops, it is of use to know what will supply the soil with
the lacking element.

A crop of clover, with enormous foliage and its great
mass of roots filled with nitrogenous elements, easily
raised, and plowed under, gives the earth lightness and
richness, and makes the soil ready to bring forth in greatest
abundance those very things which are most needed.

It is a help to the farmer to know what kinds of grain
will produce fat, what are richest in starch and gum and
fat-producing substance. The agricultural chemists call
them Carb-hydrates. The composition varies as follows :

Flint Corn, 66 to 7 7 in 100,

Wheat (same as corn), 66 to 77 in 100,

Sweet Corn, 61 to 77 in 100,

Oats, 57 to 66 in 100,

Shorts and Middlings, 55 to 70 in 100.

Chemistry has aided by suggesting the value of bone
dust or bone in solution, which has led to the almost uni-

versal use of superphosphates — concerning which, how-
ever, there is such varied opinion. But the variety of
opinion is owing to the fact that some superphosphate
manufacturers are honest men and others are not. Chem-
ical fertilizers are to be proved by what they will do.
By their works ye shall know them.

If a man has an abundance of home-made manure, he is
a happy man.

It will appear evident that the man who finds out just
what is best to use in renewing the soil will want to do
something more than- manual labor.

The study of seeds demands attention. The good farm-
er does not need to be advised on that point. Let me
emphasize the fact with an example.

Mr. Hallett, of Brighton, England, chose a single head
of good wheat. It was 4 3-8 inches long, and had 47
kernels.

These were planted separately.

From the harvest the best head was selected and planted
the same as before.

The result of four harvests was this :

At the first harvest the best plant bore 10 heads, at the
secoud 22, at the third 39, at the fourth 52, and the best
head was 8 3-4 inches long.*

It is an illustration of what man can do in developing
nature. The world is full of life, but man was placed in
the garden to dress and keep it, and the best results are
never found without the intelligent and most painstaking
industry.

*See U. S. Census Report 1880, vol. x, p. 403.

The apple, most popular, most useful of all fruits, is in
natural state a "wilding crab," having had "many a foul
curse for its sourness." Under cultivation it is changed
to the most delicious flavor. The Baldwins and Greenings
and Spitzenbergs and Pippins that hang in beauty on the
bending boughs are the product of the farmer's art.

The potato which bursts and opens its snowy grains to
grace your table and tempt your taste is another trophy of
the farmer's art, for in its wild state it is quite an indiffer-
ent plant.

There is a kind of farming which is always a fraud. It
is fancy farming — a showy cupola on the barn, a pattern
fence along the road, a groom with a striped cap, a car-
peted office, a fancy wagon with prancing horses for the
market, a patent stall for the last imported cow, a race
course, herd books and pedigrees, and a big sign over the
barn lest you mistake the place,

"The Highland Farm."

The mistake is in the name. It should be the "High-
laud Buildings."

Farming is not in the cupola and the office, and the herd
book and the pattern fence. The true farmer does not
despise the luxury of good buildings and equipments.
But his pre-eminence is not in these, but in the knowledge
of his art.

He knows the nature of every field, how to stir the soil
and cast the seed. He knows the signs of opening spring,
when the plowshare may first turn the ready soil. He
knows the place where the warm sun makes the earth
ready for the early salad and the succulent pea. He knows

where to thurst his spade to draw off the water from the
dropsical swale, that it may grow into verdure and beauty.
He knows the nature of soils, the times and seasons they
require. He reads the signs in the heavens.

His crops grow bountifully. The fields vie with each
other in the luxury of summer growth, and when the
golden days come, it is a joy to see the great harvest
gathered in, as one by one the fields yield their increase
and patient oxen with measured step bring in the heavy
wains.

That man's farm does not need a label nor a pattern
fence.

The true American farmer is a model for all the world.

We are thankful to the Old World for what it has given
us in the start. We take the Saxony sheep and let them
graze in our clover pastures and in the ranches of the
West, and it is not uncommon to sell back to the breeders
of the Old World, at a decided premium, our improved
stock.

About three score years ago, the shorthorns were im-
ported into this county of Essex. They spread rapidly,
and in 1873, Mr. Campbell of New York sold a herd for
$380,000, and of this, $147,000 was paid by English
breeders.

It improved men to come away from England to live in
the New World. It appears that it is also good for the
cattle and sheep, and there is reason for it. The English
farmer is a servant. He does the will of his lord. The
American farmer is his own master. We have four million
farms. Three million of them are carried on by the men

who own the soil. That is the reason of our pre-eminence.

Our farms are increasing in value from their intrinsic
worth. From 1850 to 1860 the value doubled. From
1870 to 1880 the increase was thirty-seven per cent.

Notice also our crops. Russia has 158,000,000 acres in
grain. We have only 118,000,000. But our crop is
greater on the less acreage by more than a million bushels.

The rate of our increasing production is not less marked.
In 1850, 867 millions of grain ; in 1860, 1200 millions ;
in 1870, 1400 millions ; in 1880, 2698 millions. Look at
the corn crop and its enormous aggregate, 1750 million
bushels, or at the increase of wheat, in 1850, 100 millions,
in 1860, 173 millions, in 1870, 287 millions, in 1880, 459
millions, one quarter of the entire product of the world.
Our grain crop of 1880 was equal to half the value of all
the gold ever mined in California.

The substantial character of our people is shown by
what we raise and send abroad. We import many things.
We buy laces, and wine, silk, spices, tea, coffee. But we
sell to the world wheat, cotton, petroleum, steam boilers,
agricultural tools, butter, cheese, beef, and it is said that
the Queen of England comes to Essex county for ice to
cool her drink.

The development of Agriculture in the last one hundred
years exceeds by far the progress of all the preceding cen-
turies. It a suggestive fact that this has been the time
when greatest progress has been made in bettering the
conditions of working men. Labor has dignity. The la-
borer has rights. Society and the state are not for the
few but for all. Learning comes forth from the cloister,

science dispels the fog of superstition, world-wide monar-
chies give place to the free commonwealth of nations.
Men of diverse languages meet in friendly concord, set-
tling disputes of sovereignties. The proud aristocrat re-
tires before the rising- generation of free men. The Rus-
sian serf goes free. The crescent, proud emblem of im-
perialism, wanes before the rising cross. The British
slave lays down his shackles in the orange groves of the
Indies. The dark child of Africa walks through the
snowy cotton fields in conscious freedom. The pulse
beats strong in the hearts of all the down-trodden of Eu-
rope, while multitudes come thronging over the sea, to
breathe the air of freedom. It is the grandest of all the
centuries. Commerce, "born in the wild-wood, cradled
in the deep," spreads its white wings in tempest and calm,
bearing evermore over the thoroughfares of the sea the
pledges of universal brotherhood, and creates new paths in
dark lands before unknown, repeating in the darkest pla-
ces of earth the Divine command, "Let my people go,"
and lo ! the wilderness and the solitary place is glad and
the desert blooms as the rose.

The change is in man. Earth keeps on, ever the same,
its sunshine and storm, its rain and dew, its perpetual
harvests, giving like a bountiful mother forever, but man
has changed ; the transformation has been in character.

It is inspiring to look at the part which our American
life has had in this ongoing and uplifting. We have no
peasantry. We hardly know the meaning of the word.
We have to go to the dictionary to learn it.

Fifteen of our Presidents were taken from the farm,

seven of them from hand-to-hand labor on new land. The
Father of his Country wrote freely on Agriculture, and
he owned one of the first threshing machines that was
ever used. Thomas Jefferson had many honors, but
among them all there is none that is brighter than this,
that he wrote a treatise on the mould board of a plow, and
for it received a gold medal from the agricultural society
of the Seine.

We have no menial class. At the basis of our society
lies this thought, JVo labor that is useful is degrading.
False aristocracy rests on the wealth of inheritance, the
technicality of tenure, a mere accident of birth, and is al-
ways hated and hateful. There is but one nobility. It is
found in the man whose character and life command the
regard of all who love virtue, the man who gives an
equivalent for what he has in wealth or place or power.

We have no peasantry. It is the progeny of feudalism.
Our fathers founded the republic. They honored labor.
John Winthrop wore the leathern coat, and fed sometimes
on corn, and handled the hoe and plow. John Winthrop,
distinguished alike for piety and learning, for his knowl-
edge of men and his knowledge of husbandry, for his loy-
alty to his God and his love of humanity, equally dignified
when he sat in state in starched ruff and badge of chief
magistracy, or when he tilled the garden or the field he
loved so well, — John Winthrop, who landed on the shores
of Essex, a Puritan governor and a Puritan farmer, grand
progenitor of a race who should be equal in right and
privilege and rank, who should exalt all honorable labor

.16

ami unite all men by stronger bonds in the peaceful arts
of industry.

The dignity of labor! It lies nt the base of all our his-
tory. It is the secret of our prosperity.

Greece and Rome had somewhat of glory — reached a
high plaee in history. Bui both fell because of the ostra-
cism o( true manhood, the loss of the true dignity o{ the
working men. It is an idea which belongs to our history
ami rims through the whole of it that labor is capital. It
is a factor in society ami the state. The terrible tragedy
o\' history is seen in its dread culmination, when degraded
and despairing manhood in the struggle o\' death reaches
upward its arms to grasp the neck of power and drag it
to the dust.

In old days, war was an industry. Its reward was
plunder. It reduced man to ignominy if he was conquered.
It did little less for the victor if he were a common sol-
dier. Victory was the assertion of power, the deceptive
success in a contest which was soon to he tried over again.
It was not the triumph of aggressive force over evil, and
the reduction oi' the obstacles in the way oi' human ad-
vancement. War itself upheld the aristocracy and de-
graded labor.

It remained for our day and the men of our time to
make the pages of history to glow with the record of an-
other thought. Our eyes have looked on a struggle, the
grandest struggle the world has ever seen, in which war
was for principle. The old monarchies fell in their efforts
to repress rising humanity. It was our nation that first
sounded the note of war and went down to the field of

blood for the one sole purpose of uplifting degraded man-
hood to conscious freedom and break off forever the shac-
kles from labor.

Ignorance ie opposed to all progress. In the laborer it
necessitates clumsy tools, heavy, hard to handle Igno-
rance repels machines, regards as an innovation what
- the burden of man. The yeomanry of Britain, so
late as 1830, went about destroying the threshing ma-
chine. That would never occur on this side the water.

American ideas are abroad. Our life flows in the cur-
rents of the world. Races are uplifted by the ongoing of
our generations.

The factor of American competition is not only in soil
and climate, nor simply in ploughs and reapers. It is not
confined to methods and processes. It is also a competi-
tion of manhood.

It is the man on the farm, the man with the plough and
reaper, the man with thought and skill, eager in inven-
tion, with energy of will, carrying thought into action,
the American farmer, acute, alert, aspiring, he is the man
who changes the aspect and the forces of Agriculture, —
the man conscious of knowledge, understanding his art,
himself a responsible unit in social and political life,
choosing his place, casting his ballot, owning his land.

Essex county has 2347 farms, averaging 66 acres. Of
these 2561 are cultivated by the owners. The farms of
our county are valued at $16,000,000. The product from
them is two and a quarter millions a year. We gather
every year 5,000 bushels barley, 104,000 bushels corn,
7,000 bushels oats, and our orchard products aggregate

sin."), iioo, and Ibr the market garden $300,000, and it is
our own. Our 4500 horses, 1500 oxen, 12,000 cows and
6,000 Bwine show the best breeding. Our farming is the
work of intelligent men. It is a wise saying, "That state
is perfectly seeure whose soil is owned by its well-mean iug
citizens."

Notice the contrast, — Ireland ! that green isle of the sea,
with a soil deep, rich, easily worked, but owned by the
aristocrats, — her poor peasantry compelled to give rent so
great that they cannot taste the luxury they create. The}'
raise fat cattle and touch them not, raise grain and eat it
not. They live in hovels, squalid and wretched, the floor
of earth and the roof of thatch, their table spread with
potatoes and herbs, their lives bound, aspirations blotted
out, their duty to work, their lot to suffer and die. What
wonder that their industry is rude, their progress back-
ward, and their very religion hatred of the upper classes,
and their prayer and longing and purpose to be free from
social oppression.

The conservative says, "Change is impossible ;" "The
land owner is lord, his right unimpeachable, his preroga-
tive greater than all the rights of humanity ;" "To change
will be revolution;" "The law must stand though man
may die." But the progressive statesman takes sides with
humanity. He sees in the thatched cottage of the Irish
tenant a man, with sacred rights more enduring than the
tenure of laws ; sees in the mind and heart, made dormant
by the long fruitless toil, the sign of mighty forces which
shall come forth to energize the nation and exalt the com-
monwealth and add lustre to the history of the world, when

England shall listen to her great prime minister and honor
herself by making the Irish peasant a man.

The American farmer is not afraid of innovations. He
welcomes new discoveries. He is often deceived by the
new patent rights. He has a painful experience with the
patent bee-hive and the patent churn, the horse-power
pitching fork, the patent milking-stool and milking-tubes,
the potato digger and the combination feeding trough and
the lightning rod. But he remembers the horse rake and
the mower, the thresher and the cultivator, the hay tedder
and the seed drill. He easily forgets the faulty machines
in his storeroom as he rides like a prince on the sulky
plough. He easiljr forgives the last agent of a worthless
patent when his horse rake gathers in swift winrows the
rustling hay before the coming storm.

In the World's Exhibition in 1852, there was nothing
of greater importance than the American Reaper. The
grandest problem solved at that time was how to cut the
grain of the world's increasing harvest.

The ancient Hebrews could thresh as much grain as the
farmer who lived a hundred years ago, six to twelve bush-
els a day. The horse-power thresher came, cleaning up
six hundred bushels, and the steam-power two thousand
more, the combined harvesters sending to market the
grain from forty acres in a day.

In the old time the farmer could possibly transport his
grain a hundred miles. Now the grain of eastern Oregon
goes five hundred miles over land and then half way round
the globe to find its market.

Agriculture is eminently a progressive art.

The old Spaniards thought they lived on the borders of
the world. The Pillars of Hercules were placed on their
coin with this legend : "Ne Plus Ultra" — Nothing Be-
yond. But one day a bold navigator passed through the
narrow straits and out over the open sea, and he thrilled
mankind with the discovery of a New World. The old
Spaniards struck off the little negative and left the motto
grander by far, "Plus Ultra" — More Beyond.

That grander motto has become the watchword of the
advaucing century. Every art, every science, all parties,
all societies, and every form of associated labor, takes the
new motto. The American farmer, stimulated by all past
success, holding fast to all that has been gained in expe-
rience, looks hopefully to the future, expecting still larger
and better things ; new methods, new machinery, new
discoveries, by which the art shall be advanced and the
earth shall be made to yield yet more abundantly for the
sustenance of men.

SIXTY-SIXTH

ANNUAL CATTLE SHOW AND FAIR.

The Cattle Show and Fair of this Society was held in
Newburyport on the 28th, 29th and 30th days of Septem-
ber, 1886.

The first day of the Fair was a violent rain storm, which
prevented the appearance of stock that was expected.
The Society, equal to the emergency, extended the time
another day for receiving entries and added a day longer
for holding the Fair, changing what would have been a
partial failure into a success, the exhibits on the Show
Ground exceeding the year previous 42 entries and in the
Exhibition Hall 55 entries. The show of Cattle and Horses
in point of numbers was not up to the year previous ; that
of Agricultural Implements and Poultry was larger and
far better. The Plowing Match on the third day of the
Fair was not as satisfactory, being on poor land and having
a trifle over half the number of contestants as last year.

In the Exhibition Hall, the exhibits were arranged in a
manner very pleasing and attractive, and their quality
compared favorably with previous exhibitions. The at-
tendance after the first day was good.

The Annual Address was given on the second day at
the Pleasant street church, by Rev. John D. Kingsbury
of Bradford, afterward the Annual Dinner was served in
Cadet Hall, followed by speeches from Hon. C. C. Dame,
Mayor of Newburyport, Hon. A. C. Varnum, President
of Middlesex North Agricultural Society, and Delegate
of State Board of Agriculture, Hon. George B. Loring,
Judge Mason of the Superior Court, Sheriff Herrick,
James P. King, Esq., and others.

The entries in the several departments of the Fair were

as follows : —

STOCK, IMPLEMENTS, ETC., ON FREE SHOW GROUNDS.

r, »,;, From Differenl
l'"',"'>- Cities and Towns.

Fat Cattle, 4 3

Bulls, 15 7

Milch Cows, 7 3

Heifers, First Class, 4 3

Heifer Calves, First Class, 1 1

Heifers, Second Class, 16 5

Heifer Calves, Second Class, 2 1

Working Oxen and Steers, 9 3

Steers, 8 2

Town Teams, 1 1

Brood Mares, 10 5

Stallions, First Class, 1 1

Stallions, Second Class, 3 2

Family Horses, 9 7

i Gentlemen's Driving Horses, 8 7

Farm Horses, 3 3

Draft Horses, 9 3

Pairs Farm Horses, 3 3

Pairs Draft Horses, 3 2

Colts for Draft Purposes, 1<> 7

Colts for General Purposes, 30 11

Swine, First Class, 7 3

Swine, Second Class, 3 1

Sheep, 2 1

Poultry, 82 8

Ploughing, 14 7

Agricultural Implements, 43 10

Carriages, 10 5
Total, 317 entries, from 21 different cities and towns.

IN EXHIBITION HALL.

Dairy,

Bread, Honey and Preserves,

Pears,

Apples,

Peaches, Grapes and Assorted Fruit*

Flowers,

Vegetables,

Grain and Seed,

Counterpanes and Afghans,

Carpetings and Rugs,

Articles manufactured from Leather,

Manufactures and General Mdse.,

Fancy Work and Works of Art,

Work of Children, under 12 years,

Total, 1724 entries, from 29 different cities and towns.

Grand Total, 2041 entries, from 33 different towns and
cities, viz.: — Amesbury, 146; Andover, 18; Beverly,
14 : Boxford, 52 ; Bradford, 50 ; Danvers, 55 ; Essex, 41 ;
Georgetown, 23; Gloucester, 10; Groveland, 35; Ha-
verhill, 55 ; Ipswich, 7 ; Lynn, 39 ; Lynnfield, 1 ; Mar-
blehead, 2; Methuen, 16; Middleton, 1; Newbury, 365
Newburyport, 738 ; North Andover, 3 ; Peabody, 42
Rockport, 2; Rowley, 73; Salem, 21; Salisbury, 58
Swampscott, 1 ; Topstield, 9 ; Wenham, 10 ; West New
bury, 140; out of the County, 5; Unknown, 9.*

Entries.

Different
Places.

323

311

. 99

116

321

242

David W. Low, Sec'y.

*The exhibitors and places from which 9 butter exhibits came
are unknown, from over-carefnlness of entry clerk to prevent
judges knowing.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

FAT CATTLE.

The Committee on Fat Cattle have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :

$10. First premium to J. P. Little, Amesbury, for pair
oxen, Devons, 6 years old, weight 4250 pounds.
$8. Second premium to J. P. Little, Amesbury, for
pair oxen, Herefords, 5 years old, weight 4050
pounds.
$4. Third premium, to Furmer H. Greeley, Salisbury,
for pair oxen 6 years old, weight 3500 pounds.
Ephraim A. Dane, Edward Kent, R. T. Jaques —
Committee.

STATEMENT OF J. P. LITTLE.

The Devon cattle at Fair time I had owned fifteen
months, the Herefords between eleven and twelve months.
For the first four months the Devons did all the ox work
on the farm. Since that time the four have done the ox
work on the farm, drawing in eighty tons of hay each
year and hoisting it with a fork on to the mows.

Besides the work on the farm they have done consider-
able outside teaming, drawing wood, salt hay, manure
from the village, &c. During the month previous to the
Fair they were worked reclaiming a meadow, pulling
trees, ploughing, &c.

In regard to the manner of feeding, they have not been
to pasture any since I owned them. I commenced in the
early Autumn of 1885 to feed on fodder corn ; fed with
that nearly all the time, with very little hay all Winter ;

then commenced feeding with different kinds of hay, with
two quarts of meal per day each, until the first of March,
when I commenced feeding four quarts per day each until
the present time. I give them clear corn meal dry, twice
a day, two quarts at night and two in the morning.

Have seen to the feeding of them myself, and have
taken the best of care of them. They were partly fed
with green fodder corn this last Fall, the same as the year
before. I think that feeding different kinds of hay is
better than it is to confine them to one kind. They eat
some salt hay every day and relish it.

BULLS — THOROUGHBREDS.

The Committee on Bulls, Thoroughbreds, have attended

to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that

they have made the following awards :

$10. First premium, to Francis Gulliver, Andover, for

Jersey bull, "Chrome Gold," No. 11,222, dropped

August, 1883.

$5. Second premium, to H. H. Hale, Bradford, for

Jersey bull, "Cicero, Jr.," No. 8,344, 4 years old.

$10. First premium, to Ben: Perley Poore, West New-
bury, for Short Horn, "Crave Neck," 2 years old
June 5, 1886, bred by Judge Bradley.
$3. Second premium, to Win. C. Cahill, Dan vers, for
Ayrshire, "Brown Mars, Jr.," dropped July 22,
1885.

*$5. First premium, to H. H. Hale, Bradford, for Jer-
sey, "Byron G.," No. 14,455, 1 year old.

*$2. First premium, to D. A. Massey, Danvers, for
Ayrshire bull calf, "Queer," No. 882, dropped
Nov. 9, 1885.
fYour Committee recommend a gratuity of $2 for the

Holstein bull entered by S. P. Hale of Newbury.

Wallace Bates, Richard Newell, Elbridge Mansfield,
T. K. Bartlett, Joshua H. Chandler — Committee.

*Thc last two awards were made by Edward Kent, J. M. Rol-
lins. T. <i. Ordway — Supplementary Committee.

fThe Trustees did not suspend the rules for award of gra-
tuity recommended.

MILCH COWS.

The Committee on Milch Cows respectfully submit the
following report :

T. N. Cook of Newburyport entered two grade Jersey
cows and one Ayrshire cow. He was awarded
$10. First premium, for milch cow ;
$10. First premium, for butter cow;

$4. Second premium, for butter cow.
$15. Special premium, was awarded to Jere. Cashman,
Newburyport, for best milch cow of any age or
breed.
$4. Second premium, to same, for milch cow.
$10. First premium, to Francis Gulliver, Andover, for
Jersey cow, "Fanny G.," No. 26,005.
$4. Second premium, to same for Jersey cow, "Alpha
Maid," No. 23,635.
Maj. Ben : Perley Poore of Indian Hill, West Newbury,
exhibited his thoroughbred Short Horn cow, "Pearl.''
This cow is a very fine specimen of her class, and judging
from the size of her udder and the fine calf by her side,
she would have been entitled to the special premium of
$15 for the best milker of any age or breed, had her
owner entered her as competitor for premium.

It is a matter of regret that so few milch cows are en-
tered for premiums at our Essex county fairs. Of the
various branches of agriculture in New England, dairying,

or the production of milk, butter and cheese, is the mosl
important, and must occupy the very first position in the
farming of the future.

With an abundance of the purest water gushing from
almost every hillside, and the short, sweet grass that may
be had in profusion if farmers will take care of their pas-
tures, and, more than all else, markets at our very doors,
it seems as though the farmers of the old Bay State ought
at least to supply the larger part of the 10,000,000 pounds
of butter that are annually furnished us by other States
of the Union.

Within a very few years, some people have discovered
that butter does not improve with age ; that it is never
better than when it first comes from the churn ; that but-
ter made and consumed in midwinter is much better and
has a much finer aroma, if it is properly made, than that
made in the preceding June or September and consumed
after it has been kept for months. This education of the
sense of taste is progressing, and hence the demand for
"gilt edge" butter is increasing.

The facilities afforded by improved machinery are such
that the farmer, by the outlay of a few hundred dollars,
can entirely relieve the good wife from the cares and hard
work incident to the manufacture of butter by the old-
fashioned method of the shallow pan system, if that can be
called a system which was so uncertain in its results.

The paramount importance of dairying to the farmers
of this county being conceded, it seems as though milch
cows are as deserving of consideration, to say the least, as
the "gentleman's driving horse," or the lank nag whose
record of two twenty and seven-eighths causes her owner
to swell with pride. The owners of horses would refuse
to bring their stock to our fairs for exhibition, and very
properly, unless covered pens were provided. On the

other hand, farmers are expected to exhibit their milch
cows in pens without any shelter whatever. Is it any
wonder that the thrifty farmer, who would not allow his
milch cows to lie out of doors during the night in cool but
fair weather, utterly refuses to confine his stock in open
pens and run the risk of exposing them to a cold equinoc-
tial storm, such as prevailed on the first day of the Essex
County Fair? As might be expected, very few milch
cows are exhibited, there is no competition, and two or
three exhibitors carry off all the premiums.

J. D. Dodge, For the Committee.

STATEMENT OF T. N. COOK.

To the Committee on Milch Cows:

Gentlemen: — We enter for premium our Milch cow,
''Quack," grade Ayrshire, six years old. Calved July 5,
1886 ; driven Sept. 12, 1886, and from July 7 to July 30,
averaged 20 1-4 quarts of good milk per day. Manner of
feeding, 3 qts. of meal, 3 qts. of shorts, wet, per day ;
pasture. Yours,

T. N. Cook.

STATEMENT OF T. N. COOK.

To the Committee on Milch Cows :

Gentlemen: — We enter for premium our Milch cow
"Shaker," seven years old, Jersey. Calved Jan. 2, 1886,
calves again Dec. 10, 1886. From May 24 to May
30, inclusive, gave 14 quarts of milk per day. Made in
seven days 13 1-2 lbs. of butter. Manner of feeding, 3
quarts of meal, 3 quarts of shorts, wet, per day; pasture.
Yours, T. N. Cook.

statement of t. n. cook.
To the Committee on Milch Cows:
Gentlemen : — We enter for premium our Jersey cow,

yellow and white, four years old. Calved Sept. 1, 1886.
From Sept. 12 to Sept. 19, gave 13 quarts of milk per
day ; made 10 1-4 lbs. of butter in seven days. Manner
of feeding, 2 quarts of meal, 3 quarts of shorts (wet) ;
pasture. Yours, T. N. Cook.

Milk Statement of Jere. Cashman not received from Commit-
tee, it having been lost.

HEIFERS, FIRST CLASS.

The Committee on Heifers, First Class, have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :
$4. Second premium, to Francis Gulliver, Andover, for
Jersey heifer, "Orange Lady," No. 22,170, in
milk, dropped Aug. 2, 1883.
$4. First premium, to Francis Gulliver, Andover, for
Jersey heifer calf, " Winnie Chrome," dropped
Feb. 27, 1886.
$4. First prize, to D. A. Massey, Danvers, for Ayr-
shire calf, "Mars Dora 2d," dropped July 20, 1884.
$2. Second premium, to D. A. Massey, Danvers, for
Ayrshire heifer, "Crocus 4th," dropped Sept. 15,
1884.
Maj. Ben: Perley Poore entered a nice Short Horn
heifer, worthy of a first premium, but not entered for one,
only for exhibition.

Andrew Dodge, S. F. Newman, Eben True, Frank P.
Todd — Committee.

HEIFERS, SECOND CLASS.

The Committee on Heifers, Second Class, have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :

£10. First premium, to P. A. Perkins, Newbury, for

three year old heifer in milk, grade Ayrshire.
$4. Second premium, to O. F. Lewis. Salisbury, for

three year old, grade Jersey.
$4. First premium, to E. S. Toppan, Newburyport, for

three year old Short Horn.
$2. Second premium, to Elbridge Tenney, Newbury,

for twenty-six months old, grade Jersey.
$4. First premium, to T. K. Bartlett, Newburyport,

for twenty months old, Dutch.
$2. Second premium, to J. F. Smith, Salisbury,' for

fourteen months old, grade Jersey.
$4. First premium, to Jere. Cashman, Newburyport, for

calf three months old, grade Jersey.
John Swinerton, T. J. King, J. H. Perkins — Commit-
tee.

WORKING OXEN AND CATTLE.

The Committee on Working Oxen and Steers have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that they have made the following awards :
$12. First premium, to C. U. Burbank, Amesbury, for

one pair working oxen.
$10. Second premium, to Carlton Little, Newbury, for
one pair working oxen.
$8. Third premium, to Win. Bryant, West Newbury,
for one pair working oxen.
$10. First premium, to R. T. Jaques, Newbury, for
one pair four year old steers.
F. \\. Allen, Hiram Young, G. F. Drew — Committee.

TOWN TEAMS.

The Committee on Town Teams have attended to their

duly, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :

$20. First premium, to Town of West Newbury, for
town team of oxen.
Justin E. Bradstreet, Edward P. Perley, Richard VY .
Ricker — Committee.

STEERS.
The Committee on Steers have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :
$6. First premium, to C. U. Burbank, Amesbury, for

pair two year old steers, weight 2750 lbs.
$5. Second premium, to James Noyes, Newbury, for

one pair two year old steers, weight 2330 lbs.
$5. First premium, to Wm. W. Perkins, Newbury, for

pair yearling steers, weight 1410 lbs.
$4. Second premium, to Edwin llsley, Newbury, for

pair yearling steers, weight 1280 lbs.
$4. First premium, to Mrs. M. L. Moody, West New-
bury, for pair steer calves, eleven months old.
The cattle were all very good. There were no three
year olds, and as there were but two premiums offered for
each class, we had to pass some by, but hope they will
not be discouraged, but try again another year and win
the premium card.

Respectfully submitted,

S. P. Hale, Chairman.

STALLIONS, FIRST CLASS.

The Committee on Stallions, First Class, have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :

$8. First premium, to H. H. Hale, Bradford, for size
and good qualities.

The colts entered in this class did not include horses
four years old and upwards, of which there were no
entries.

The three year old imported Percheron stallion of H. H.
Hale of Bradford came within the list of premiums offered,
and the committee consider him of great value to the
County, and have awarded him the first premium in the
class to which he belongs.

The colt of Mr. Parkhurst, a two year old half-bred
Percheron, has tine size and shape and action; and the
committee, finding no premium for colts of this age, have
awarded him a gratuity of $8.*

George B. Loring, Peter Holt, Jr., Edward Harring-
ton, H. F. Longfellow — Committee.

*The Trustees declined to suspend the rules to allow a gra-
tuity, as it belonged in the Colt class for draft purposes.

STALLIONS, SECOND CLASS.

The Committee on Stallions, Second Class, have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that they have made the following awards :
$10. First premium, to C. C. Hewitt, Newburyport, for
stallion for driving purposes.
No others worthy of premium, on account of unsound-
ness.

Benj. W. Bartlett, R. T. Jaques, Albert Titcomb —
Committee.

BROOD MARES.
The Committee on Brood Mares have attended to their

duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :

$10. First premium, to C. N. Maguire, Newburyport,
for mare and foal.
$6. Second premium, to E. E. Bartlett, Newburyport,

for mare and foal.
$4. Third premium, to Frank Perkins, Newbury, for
mare and foal.
A. J. Stockbridge, Paul T. Winkley, Jr., B. A. Fol-
lansbee — Committee.

FAMILY HORSES.

The Committee on Family Horses have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :

$10. First premium, to S. P. Hale, Newbury, for dark
brown horse, nine years old, weight 1050 lbs.
$6. Second premium, to John C. Tarlton, West New-
bury, for bay horse, nine years old, weight 1050
lbs.
$4. Third premium, to Peter Holt, Jr., North Andover,
for gray horse, six years old, weight 1200 lbs.
Chas. H. Gould, Wm. R. Roundy, J. A. Lamson, Wm.
B. Carleton — Committee.

GENTLEMEN'S DRIVING HORSES.

The Committee on Gentlemen's Driving Horses have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards :

First premium, to Peter Holt, Jr., Andover, for
white mare, eight years old, weight 1050 lbs.

$6. Second premium, to Jere. Cashman, Newburyport,

for seal brown gelding, five years old, weight 1140
Lbs.
$4. Third premium, to C. U. Burbank, Amesbury, for
bay gelding, five years old, weight 925 lbs.
Nine entries ; six appeared on the ground.
A. C. Estes, Albert Kimball, C. X. Maguire — Commit-
tee.

FARM HORSES.

The Committee on Farm Horses have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :

$10. First premium, to J. A. Ilsley, Georgetown, for
farm horse, thirteen years old, weight 1220 lbs.
$6. Second premium, to J. Otis Winkley, Newbury-
port, for farm horse, eight years old, weight 1060
lbs.
$4. Third premium, to Michael Reddy, Ipswich, for
Gray Mare, weight 1200 lbs.
John M. Danforth, C. N. Maguire, W. E. Merrill—
Committee.

DRAFT HORSES.

The Committee on Draft Horses have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :

$10. First premium, to Peter Holt, Jr., North Andover,
for white draft horse, six years old, weight 1250
lbs.
$6. Second premium, to Wm. W. Perkins, Newbury,
for mare, eleven years old, weight 1200 lbs.

$4. Third premium, to John Ronan, Newburyport, for
bay horse, weight 1160 lbs.
Nathan F. Abbott, C. K. Ordway, D. A. Pettingell,
George M. Wonson, Andrew Curtis — Committee.

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES.

The Committee on Pairs of Farm Horses have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :
$12. First premium, to Walter F. Dodge, North Bever-
ly, for pair farm horses.
$6. Second premium, to C. N. Maguire, Newburyport,
for pair farm horses.
J. Otis Winkley, J. N. Rolfe, H. M. Goodrich— Com-
mittee.

PAIRS OF DRAFT HORSES.

The Committee on Pairs of Draft Horses have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that they have made the following awards :
$12. First premium, to Charles Bennett, West Glouces-
ter, for pair draft horses, five years old, weight
2510 lbs.
$8. Second premium, to Jere. Cashman, Newburyport,

for pair bay horses, weight 2600 lbs.
$4. Third premium, to Jere. Cashman, Newburyport,
for pair brown horses, weight 2500 lbs.
Your Committee would recommend that there be more
distinction between Draft and Farm Horses. The pair of
Mr. Bennett would come within the grade of Farm Horses,
as not being used to heavy work as much as the others.

:\6

A. H. Knights, E. F. Little, James Noyes, Henry Na-
son, J. M. Rollins — Committee.

COLTS FOR DRAFT PURPOSES, FIRST CLASS.

The Committee on Colts, for Draft, First Class, have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards :
$10. First premium, to Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for
black mare, three years old, weight 1500 lbs.

Xo others worth special mention.

Benj. W. Bartlett, Frank W. Evans, Frank P. Todd—
Committee.

COLTS, FOR DRAFT, SECOND CLASS.

The Committee on Colts, for Draft, Second Class, have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary that they have made the following awards :
$6. First premium, to E. E. Bartlett, Newburyport,

for colt one year old, weight 895 lbs.
$4. Second premium, to A. J. Stockbridge, Rowley,

for yearling mare colt, weight 800 lbs.
$(!. First premium, to M. B. Chesley, Amesbury, for

colt, two years old, weight 925 lbs.
$4. Second premium, to R. Jaques, West Newbury, for
colt two years old, weight 1035 lbs.
Jere. Cashman, E. P. Barrett, D. Bradstreet — Commit-
tee.

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES, FIRST

CLASS.

The Committee on Colts for General Purposes, First

Class, have attended to their duty, and respectfully report

to the Secretary that they have made the following awards :

$10. First premium, to O. N. Fernald, Danvers, for hay

mare colt, four years old, weight 1000 lbs.

$6. Second premium, to F. W. Evans, Newburyport,

for bay filly, four years old, weight 875 lbs.
$4. Third premium, to C. C. Cook, Bradford, for mare

colt, four years old, weight 950 lbs.
$8. First premium, to Geo. H. Whipple, Lynn, for

"Jennie D.," three years old, weight 1020 lbs.
$5. Second premium, to Daniel Tenney, Newbury, for
chestnut gelding, three years old, weight 900 lbs.
O. S. Butler, D. A. Massey, Henry Nason, F. Gulli-
var — Committee .

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES, SECOND

CLASS.

The Committee on Colts for General Purposes, Second

Class, have attended to their duty, and respectfully report

to the Secretary that they have made the following awards :

$6. First premium, to Woodbury Smith, Rowley, for

two year old colt, weight 975 lbs.
$4. Second premium, to Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for

two year old colt, weight 930 lbs.
$G. First premium, to B. W. Bartlett, Rowley, for one

year old stallion colt.
$4. Second premium, to O. N. Fernald, Danvers, for
one year old bay colt, weight 705 lbs.
Nathaniel Shatswell, James Noyes, W. P. Fisher, C.
C. Hewett, John Parkhurst — Committee.

SWINE, FIRST CLASS.
The Committee on Swine, First Class, have attended to

their duty, :uid respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :
$8. First premium, to Win. W. Perkins, Newburyport,

for grade breeding sow.
$5. Second premium, to S. P. Hale, Newbury, for

grade breeding sow with 11 pigs.
$8. First premium, to Michael Reddy, Ipswich, for

Jersey red sow with 7 pigs.
$8. First premium, to Edward S. Knights, Newbury,

for grade Berkshire boar.
$."). Second premium, to Wm. W. Perkins, Newbury-
port, for litter of 8 graded Yorkshire pigs.
M. B. Chesley, Andrew Dodge, C. U. Burbank — Com-
mittee.

SWINE, SECOND CLASS, OR SMALL BREEDS.

The Committee on Swine, Second Class, or Small
Breeds, have attended to their duty, and respectfully re-
port to the Secretary that they have made the following
awards :
$8. First premium, to W. W. Perkins, Newbury, for

litter of weaned pigs.
$8. First premium, to W. W. Perkins, Newbury, for
grade Yorkshire breeding sow.
P. T. Winkley, Daniel M. Davis, Asa T. Newhall,
Committee.

SHEEP.

The Committee on Sheep have at tended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :

First premium, to Matthew H. Toomey, Newbury,

for Coltswold sheep.
8. First premium, to Matthew H. Toomey, Newbury,

for Coltswold buck.
N. W. Moody, J. S. Todd, E. P. Perley— Committee.

POULTRY.

The Committee on Poultry have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary through the Judge
that the following awards have been made :
Diploma. First premium, to E. E. Bartlett, Newbury-

port, for best breeding pen of Partridge Cochins.
Diploma. First premium, to Eben Smith, Newburyport,

for breeding pen Brown Leghorns.
$2.00. First premium, to J. W. Wilson, Amesbury, for
pair of White Cochin chicks.
2.00. First premium, to J. W. Wilson, Amesbury, for

Buff Cochin chicks.
2.00. First premium, to E. E. Bartlett, Newburyport,

for Partridge ( ochins.
1.00. Second premium, to Joseph Parsons, (Bytield),

Newbury, for Buff Cochin chicks.
2.00. First premium, to W. L. Whipple, Newburyport,

for White Leghorn chicks.
2.00. First premium, to Patrick M. Haley, Newbury-
port, for Plymouth Bock chicks.
1.00. Second premium, to Patrick M. Haley, Newbury-
port, for Plymouth Bock chicks.
2.00. First premium, to E. M. Woodman, Newbury,

for W. C. B. Polish chicks.
2.00. First premium, to J. W. Wilson, Amesbury, for
Dark Brahma chicks.

2.00. First premium, to Charles E. Marshall, Rowley,
for Houdan fowls.

2.00. First premium, to Charles E. Marshall, Kowley,
for Houdan chicks.

2.00. First premium, to J). T. Rowe, Newburyport, for
Light Brahma chicks.

1.00. Second premium, to C. S. Bartlett, Newburyport,
for Light Brahma chicks.

2.00. First premium, to X. A. Massey, Newburyport,
for Silver Spangled Hamburg chicks.

2.00. First premium, to E. W. Buswell, Salisbury, for
Wyandotte chicks.

1.00. Second premium, to E. W. Buswell, Salisbury,
for Wyandotte chicks.

2.00. First premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for
Pekin ducks (old).

2.00. First premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for
Pekin ducks (young).

2.00. First premium, to Ben : Perley Poore, West New-
bury, for dressed ducks.

2.00. First premium, to Ben : Perley Poore, West New-
bury, for dressed chickens.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. A. M. Perkins, Newbury,
for best dozen eggs.
The Judge would recommend notice of the Guinea hens

exhibited, for which no premium is offered, belonging to

John J. Quill.

Wm. F. Bacon, Judge.

Note. — Premiums were awarded on a score of not less than
1 76 points for first premium pairs and 166 points for second
premium pairs of fowls and chicks.

PLOUGHING WITH DOUBLE TEAMS.

The Committee on Ploughing with Double Teams have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards :
$12. First premium, to Xoyes & Little, Newbury, for

ploughing with 2 yoke of oxen, "Eagle" plough.
$10. Second premium, to Wm. P. Coffin, Newbury, for
ploughing with 2 yoke of oxen, common plough.
$9. Third premium, to Wm. W. Perkins, Newbury,
for ploughing with 2 yoke of oxen, "Eagle No. 20"
plough.
Aaron Low, Daniel H. Hale, Edward G. Dole, Allen
Smith — Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH HORSES.

The Committee on Ploughing with Horses have attend-
ed to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that they have made the following awards :
$10. First premium, to Charles N. Maguire, Newbury-
port, for ploughing with pair of horses.
$7. Second premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for

ploughing with pair of horses.
$5. Third premium, to Walter F. Dodge, North Bev-
erly, for ploughing with pair of horses.
J. N. Rolfe, William Thurlow, John Cashman, T. G.
Ordway — Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH THREE OR FOUR HORSES.

The Committee on Ploughing with three or four Horses
have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards :

$10. First premium, to J. Kent Adams, Xewbury, for

ploughing with four horses, steel Hussey Xo. 50

plough.
slO. First premium, to Frank Perkins, Xewbury, for

ploughing with three horses, steel Eagle Xo. 50

plough.
Isaac F. Knowlton, George F. Averill, Nathan A.
Bushby — Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH SWIVEL PLOUGH.

The Committee on Ploughing with Swivel Ploughs have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary that they have made the following awards :
$10. First premium, to Jonas M. Rollins, Danvers, for
ploughing with two horses and Granger Swivel
plough.
C. J. Peabody, Ebenezer Smith — Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH SULKY PLOW.

The Committee on Ploughing with Sulky Plough have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary that they have made the following awards :
$10. First premium, to A. J. Stockbridge, Kowley, for
ploughing with Cassidy Sulky plough.

The Committee wish to remark that the work done by
Mr. Stockbridge compared favorably with that done by
the other kind of ploughs. The work was commenced at
17 1-2 minutes past ten and finished at 16 minutes of 11.

Wilbur F. Proctor, Calvin Rogers, Amos Poor — Com-
mittee.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

The Committee on Agricultural Implements have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary that they have made the following awards :
$10. Diploma and first premium, to J. C. Stanley, New-

buryport, for best collection.

First premium, to G. E. Daniels, Rowley, for farm

wagon.

First premium, to Geo. E. Daniels, Rowley, for

horse cart.

Gratuity, to Geo. E. Daniels, Rowley, for hay

wagon.

Gratuity, to Wra. Little, Newbury, for hay wagon.

Gratuity, to George E. Daniels, Rowley, for double

sled.

Gratuity, to C. S. Huse, Newburyport, for root

cutter.

Gratuity, to F. S. Wright, Pomfret, Ct., for road

machine.

Gratuity, to E. K. Preston, Beverly Farms, for

hoisting machine.

Gratuity to W. H. Stevens, West Newbury, for

incubator.

Gratuity to T. P. Harriman, Andover, for horse

shoes.
Aaron Low, G. A. Randall, James Noyes, Andrew
Dodge, Committee.

CARRIAGES.

The Committee on Carriages have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :

Gratuity to T. W. Lane, Amesbury, for patent

spring road wagon,
i. Gratuity to T. W. Lane, Amesbury, for light top

buggy.
». Gratuity to Gilmau A. Andrews, Salem, for market

wagon.
!. Gratuity to P. M. Lougee, Newburyport, for duplex

gear.
». Gratuity to William Poor, Andover, for meat wagon.
Henry llobbs, David Stiles, Aaron Sawyer — Committee.

DAIRY.

The Committee on Dairy have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following' awards :

$10. First premium, to No. 9, Elbridge Tenney, New-
bury (Bytield), for 7 lbs. butter.
$8. Second premium, to No. 2, W. K. Cole, West

Boxford, for 5 lbs. butter.
$6. Third premium, to No. 11, Oliver F. Lewis, Salis-
bury, for 5 1-2 lbs. butter.
E. H. Potter, N. Longfellow, F. W. Sargent — Com-
mittee.

STATEMENT OF ELBRIDGE TENNEY.

Seven lbs. of butter, made from the milk of two grade
Jersey heifers, Daisy and Pansy, who are 22 months old.
Daisy came in the 14th of May and Pansy the 22d of
May. Their feed has been one quart of Indian meal and
one quart of shorts apiece in the morning, and what they
could get in the pasture. I have no place to set my
milk or make my butter, only in a corner room in the
house. I am 72 years, 9 months old, and do my own work.

STATEMENT OF W. K. COLE.

I enter for the Society's premium a five pound box of
butter. This butter is made from the milk of grade Jer-
sey cows. The milk is strained in shallow five quart pans
and allowed to stand in the Dairy from 36 to 48 hoars ; it
is then skimmed and the cream put in ajar and thorough-
ly stirred together, and when enough has collected for a
churning, it is churned until it becomes hard, when the
buttermilk is drawn off and cold fresh water is turned in,
when it is churned two or three minutes longer. It is
then taken from the churn and washed, and the butter-
milk thoroughly ivorked out, when it is salted, about 1 oz.
of salt to the pound of butter, the salt being worked in by
hand. It is then immediately put up in five-pound boxes
and in balls, and is ready for the market. The milk is
kept in a cool place, about 50 degrees. The butter con-
tains no artificial coloring, and we have never had occasion
to use any ; in fact I never saw any.

STATEMENT OF OLIVER F. LEWIS.

Dairy butter, grade Jersey. Milk set in pans, cream
taken off soon as milk sours. Churned with Dash churn.
Butter washed, salted 1-2 oz. to pound, with very little
working. Milk set in milk-room, opening from kitchen.

BREAD, HONEY AND CANNED FRUIT.

The Committee on Bread, Honey and Canned Fruit
have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards :
$3. First premium, to F. E. de Jean, Newburyport, for

White bread.
$2. Second premium, to Alice J. Bartlett, Newbury-
port, for white bread.

$1 Third premium, to J. S. Todd, Rowley, for white

bread.
$2. First premium, to Delia Craven, Bradford, Graham

improved bread.
$1. Second premium, to Ellen Keefe, Newburyport, for

Graham improved bread.
50 cts. Gratuity, to R. S. Tibbets, Newburyport, for

steamed cereals.
$3. First premium, to John Preston, Georgetown, for

honey.
$1. Gratuity, to Alfred Green, Newbury, for honey.
$3. First premium, to Lizzie Wilson, North Beverly,

for collection of jellies and preserves.
$2. Second premium, to Mrs. N. E. Ladd, Groveland,

for collection of jellies and preserves.
$1. Gratuity, to Mrs. W. Taylor, Amesbury, for jelly.
50 cts. Gratuity, to Albert Kimball, Bradford, for ten

year cider.
50 cts. Gratuity, to George H. Plummer, Newbury,

for elderberry wine.
$1. Gratuity, to Eliphalet Griffin, Newburyport, for 6

bottles grape wine.
50 cts. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. de F. Bay ley, Newbury-
port, for mustard.
N. T. Kimball, Mrs. J. Henry Hill, Mrs. Charles B.
Emerson, F. W. Sargent, Mrs. L. M. Sargent — Commit-
tee.

Note. — No bread recipes received from Committee.

STATEMENT OF JOHN PRESTON.

I enter for premium ten pounds of comb and one pound
of extracted honey. This honey was gathered from fruit
blossoms in the month of May by hybrid bees, a cross
between Black and Italians, and stored in honey boxes
placed on racks over brood frames in Langstroth hives.

47'

PEARS.

The Committee on Pears have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :

First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Bartlett.

First premium, to Abel Stickney, Groveland, for
Belle Lucrative.

First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Beurre
Bosc.

First premium, to Silas Plumer, Newbury, for B. de
Aivjou.

First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Duchess.

First premium, to J. H. Hill, Amesbury, for Dana's
Hovey.

First premium, to J. H. Hill, Amesbury, for Law-
rence.

First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for L. Bon
de Jersey.

First premium, to W. Huff, Newburyport, for Marie
Louise.

First premium to James M. Estes, Peabody, for
Onondaga.

First premium, to A. J. Hubbard, Peabody, for Par-
adise d'Antomne.

First premium, to Silas Plumer, Newbury, for Seck-
el.

First premium, to Patrick Nasey, Salem, for St.
Michael Archange.

First premium, to J. D. Foote, Haverhill, for Shel-
don.

First premium, to R. S. Griffith, Newburyport, for
Urbaniste.

First premium, to David A. Pettingell, Dan vers, for
Vicar of Winkfield.

si
si

First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for
Winter Nellis.

First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Mt. Ver-
non.

First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbuiy, for
Langlier.

First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for plate of
Duchess, 24 specimens.

First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for
best collection of varieties recommended for cul-
tivation by this Society.

Second premium, to E. F. Webster, Haverhill, for
second best collection.

Third premium, to John O'Brien, Bradford, for third
best collection.

Gratuity, to W. E. Ladd, Groveland, for B. de An-
jou.

Gratuity, to T. K. Bartlett, Xewburyport, for Bart-
lett.

Gratuit}', to J. Hood, Danvers, for Beurre Bosc.

Gratuity, to J. T. Griffin, Newburyport, for Duch-
ess.
50. Gratuity, to T. K. Bartlett, Newburyport, for
Beurre Hardy.

Gratuity, to G. J. Johnson, Rowley, for Onondaga.

Gratuity, to Walter B. Allen, Lynn, for Seckel.

Gratuity, to T. P. Hale, Rowley, for B. de Anjou.
50. Gratuity, to W. B. Little, Newbury, for Souve-
nir de Congress.
50. Gratuity, to M. Stevens, Newburyport, for Beurre
Clairgeau.

Gratuity, to B. F. Stanley, Newburyport, for Shel-
don.

Gratuity, to George Pettengill, Salem, for Vicar of
Wiukfield.

$1. Gratuity, to George C. Evans, Rowley, for L. Bon

de Jersey.
$1. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for B. Uiel.
$1. Gratuity, to John O'Brien, Bradford, for Lawrence.
$1.50. Gratuity, to E. Bates, Lynn, for Howell.
$1. Gratuity, to Philip B. Adams, Newburyport, for

Howell.
$1. Gratuity, to George Pettingell, Salem, for Beurre

Bosc.
$1. Gratuity, to A. J. Hubbard, Peabody, for Marie

Louise.
$1.50. Gratuity, to C. M. Lunt, Newbury, for Keiffer.

There were three hundred and twenty-four (324) plates
presented by one hundred and eight (108) contributors.
One hundred and seventeen (117) plates were of the va-
rieties recommended for cultivation in Essex county.
There were three (3) collections of the varieties recom-
mended, comprising tifty-eight (58) plates, and six (6)
dishes of twenty four (24) specimens each. The balance
were on the "miscellaneous" table.

*The Committee would recommend that the following
varieties be dropped from the list recommended for culti-
vation in Essex county : St. Michael Archangel, Mount
Vernon and Winter Nelis ; and that Howell, Beurre Har-
dy and Beurre Clairgeau be added to the list.

George Pettiugell, W. H. B. Currier, Benj. F. Stanley,
Geo. H. Plummer — Committee.

*The recommendations of the Committee were adopted by
the Trustees at November meeting.

APPLES.

The Committee on Apples have attended to their duty,

and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have

made the following awards :

$3.00. First premium, to Edwin P. Noyes, Newbury, for

Baldwins.
3.00. First premium, to F. A. Whitman, Wenham, for

Danvers Winter Sweet.
3.00. First premium, to George Buchan, Andover, for

Granite Beauty.
3.00. First premium, to C. M. Lunt, Newbury, for Red

Russet.
3.00. First premium, to G. W. Gage, Methuen, for Mc-

Carty.
3.00. First premium, to D. M. Cole & Son, Boxford,

for Roxbury Russet.
3.00. First premium, to W. W. Perkins, Newbury, for

Tolman Sweet.
3.00. First premium, to T. K. Bartlett, Newburyport,

for Drap d'Or.
3.00. First premium, to B. F. Huntington, Amesbury,

for Sweet Baldwin.
3.00. First premium, to C. C. Blunt, Andover, for

Hurlburt.
3.00. First" premium, to Wm. Burke Little, Newbury,

for R. I. Greening.
3.00. First premium, to Wm. Burke Little, Newbury,

for Smith Cider.
3.00. First premium, to George B. Austin, West Box-
ford, for Porter.
3.00. First premium, to D. Bradstreet, Topsfield, for

Pickman Pippin.
3.00. First premium, to F. II. Adams, Rowley, for

Hunt's Russet.
3.00. First premium, to John Taylor, Amesbury, for

Gravenstein.

3.00. First premium, to J. H. Hill, Amesbury-, for King
of Tompkins County.

3.00. First premium, to John O'Brien, Bradford, for
Hubbardston.

1.50. First premium, to S. G. Ashton, Lynn, for Hyslop
Crab.
.75. Gratuity, to F. A. Whitman, Wenham, for Crab

Apple.
.50. Gratuity, to Charles W. Rogers, Rowley, for Crab

Apple.
.50 Gratuity, to Joseph Thurlow, Newburyport, for
Crab Apple.

1.50. Gratuity, to T. J. King, West Newbury, for Pres-
ident.

1.50. Gratuity, to C. F. Pousland, Salem, for Glory of
the West.

1 .50. Gratuity, to Albert Kimball, Boxford, for Ordway.

1.50. Gratuity, to E. F. Webster, Haverhill, for Blush.

1.00. Gratuity, to F. P. Hale, Rowley, for Hunt's Rus-
set.

1.00. Gratuity, to David W. Low, Gloucester, for
Mother.

1.00. Gratuity, to David W. Low, Gloucester, for Min-
ister.

1.00. Gratuity, to T. K. Bartlett, Newburyport, for
Nonesuch.

1.00. Gratuity, to C. L. T. Atwater, Newburyport, for
Duchess of Oldenburg.

1.00. Gratuity, to J. O. Winkley, Newburyport, for
Williams.

1.00. Gratuity, to B. F. Huntington, Amesbury, for La-
dies' Sweet.

1.50. Gratuity, to C. W. Woods, Newburyport, for Sea-
view.

1.00. Gratuity, to P. M. Ilsley, Newbury, for Hubbard-

ston.
1.00. Gratuity , to R. Jaques, Newbury, for Seek No

Further.
1.00. Gratuity, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for Dutch

Codlin.
1.00. Gratuity, to James Noyes, Newbury, for Roxbury

Russet.
1.00. Gratuity, to Isaac P. Noyes, Newburyport, for

Rolfe,
1.00. Gratuity, to David Srnitli, Newburyport, for Hub-

bardstou .
1.00. Gratuity, to John Swinerton, Danvers, for Fall

Harvey.
1.00. Gratuity, to W. H. Stevens, West Newbury, for

Moody.
1.00. Gratuity, to M. W. Bartlett, West Newbury, for

Alexander.
1.00. Gratuity, to C. H. Poor, Bradford, for Sweet

Rambo.
1.00. Gratuity, to E. G. Plumer, Newbury, for R. I.

Greening.
1.00. Gratuity, to J. M. Lunt, Newbury, for Golden

Russet.
1.00. Gratuity, to Valley Farm, West Gloucester, for

Sweet Russet.
1.00. Gratuity, to C. B. Anderson, Boxford, for Green

Sweet.
8.00. First premium, to J. H. Hill, Amesbury, for best

collection of varieties recommended for cultivation.
6.00. Second premium, to S. B. George, Groveland, for

collection.
4.00. Third premium, to T. C. Thurlow, West New-
bury, for collection.

6.00. First premium, to T. J. King, "West Newbury, for
best 24 apples, Gravenstein.

The Committee regret that they were unable to give
premiums or gratuities to many deserving plates of Ap-
ples on account of lack of funds.

Aaron Low, Geo. W. Chadwick, Daniel Plummer,
Thomas Hale — Committee.

PEACHES, GRAPES AND ASSORTED FRUITS.

The Committee on Peaches, Grapes and Assorted

Fruits have attended to their duty, and respectfully re-
port to the Secretary that they have made the following

awards :

$2.00. First premium, to D. D. Tilton, Newburyport,
for Native Seedling peach.

1.00. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Seedling
peach.

1.00. Gratuity, to George Pettingell, Salem, for Blood
Seedling peach.

1.00. Gratuity, to D. D. Tilton, Newburyport, for Im-
perial peach.

3.00. First premium, to James G. King, Newburyport,
for Concord grapes.

3.00. First premium, to S. M. Titcomb, West Newbury,
for Worden grapes.

3.00. First premium, to James N. Estes, Peabody, for
Brighton grapes.

3.00. First premium, to C. P. Savory, Groveland, for
Hartford Prolific grapes.

3.00. First premium, to P. M. Ilsley, Newbury, for
Delaware grapes.

3.00. First premium, to S. M. Titcomb, West New-
bury, for Martha grapes.

3.00. First premium, to George Walker, Amesbury, for
Moore's Early grapes.

6.00. First premium, to Aaron Low, Essex, for Cold
House grapes.

4.00. Second premium, to George W. Gage, Methuen,
for Cold House grapes.

7.00. First premium, to George W. Gage, Methuen, for
best collection of grapes.

1.50. First premium, to E. A. Goodwin, Amesbury, for
Niagara grapes.

1.50. Gratuity, to Rufus Goodwin, Haverhill, for Con-
cord grapes.

1.50. Gratuity, to J. W. Goldthwait, Salem, for Brigh-
ton grapes.

1.50. Gratuity, to M. W. Bartlett, West Newbury, for
Delaware grapes.

1.50. Gratuity, to Samuel Cammett, Amesbury, for Mar-
tha grapes.

1.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Sarah J. Woodward, West New-
bury, for Hartford grapes.

4.00. First premium, to Abigail Perkins, Newbury, for
best basket of assorted fruit.

3.00. Second premium, to A. J. Hubbard, Peabody, for
basket second best fruit.

1.00. Gratuity, to Wallace Bates, Lynn, for Pocklington
grapes.

1.00. Gratuity, to Augustus Very, Danvers, for Diana
grapes.

1.00. Gratuity, to C. P. Savory, Groveland, for Isabella
grapes.

1.50. Gratuity, to Harry Noyes, Newbury, for Iona
grapes.

1.50. Gratuity, to Samuel Cammett, Amesbury, for
Clinton grapes.

1.50. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Lombard

plums.
1.00. Gratuity, to J. Otis Winkley, NewbuiTport, for

Lombard plums.
1.00. Gratuity, to T. C. Thurlow, West Newbury, for

Riene Claude plums.
1.50. Gratuity, to Isaac P. Noyes, Newburyport, for

Champion quince.
1.50. Gratuity, to E. F. Webster, Haverhill, for Orange

quince.
1.00. Gratuity, to C. R. Todd, Newburyport, for Orange

quince.
.50. Gratuity, to E. H. Richardson, Rowley, for Orange

quince.
.75. Gratuity, to Lizzie Peirson, Newburyport, for

blackberries, Lawton.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

strawberries, Miner's Prolific.
J. Henry Hill, B. F. Huntington, Thomas P. Hale —
Committee.

FLOWERS.

The Committee on Flowers have attended to their duty,

and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have

made the following awards :

$3.00. First premium, to Mrs. T. W. Goodwin, New-
buryport, for foliage plants.

3.00. First premium, to Mrs. T. W. Goodwin, New-
buryport, for parlor bouquets.

2.00. First premium, to Mrs. T. W. Goodwin, New-
buryport, for hand bouquets.

3.00. First premium, to Wm. Merrill, West Newbury,
for cut flowers.

2.00. Second premium, to Wm. H. Bay ley, Newbury-
port, for cut flowers.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. T. W. Goodwin, New-
buryport, for 4 Ferns in pots.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. T. W. Goodwin, New-
buryport, for 4 Coleus in pots.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. T. W. Goodwin, New-
bury port, for 1 Begonia in pot.

1.00. First premium, to Greenleaf Dodge, Newbury-
port, for best plant not from greenhouse.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. A. R. Gillett, Newbury-
port, for bouquet of garden flowers.

1.00. First premium, to Miss L. C. Bayley, Newbury-
port, for basket of garden flowers.

1.00. First premium, to E. & C. Woodman, Danvers,
for Carnation Pinks.

1.00. First premium, to Wm. H. Bayley, Newburyport,
for Zinnias.

1.00. First premium, to William Tenney, Newburyport,
for Everlastings.

2.00. First premium, to William Merrill, West New-
bury, for floral design.

5.00. First premium, to Mrs. C. N. S. Horner, George-
town, for native plants.

3.00. Second premium, to Eben True, Jr., Amesbury,
for native plants.

2.00. First premium, to A. Shirley Ladd, Groveland,
for arrangement native flowers and autumn leaves.

1.00. First premium, to William B. Coffin, Newbury-
port, for roses, 3 varieties.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Lizzie Libby, Newburyport, for
box Coleus.

3.00. Gratuity, to T. C. Thurlow, West Newbury, for
evergreens, etc.

1.00. First premium, to T. J. King, West Newbury, for

garden dahlias.
1.00. First premium, to T. J. King, West Newbury, for

bouquet dahlias.
1.00. Gratuity, to William Graves, Newburyport, for

Amaranthus tricolor.
1.00. Gratuity, to Charles Adams, Newbury, for Ama-
ryllis.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss A. Edwards, Newburyport, for
collection pansies. «

.50. Gratuity, to Wm. P. Lunt, Newbury, for plate

pansies.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. D. R. Parker, Groveland, for

verbenas.
.50. Gratuity, to A. Shirley Ladd, Groveland, for ver-
benas.
1.00. Gratuity, to Thomas Capers, Newburyport, for

Guernsey lily.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. N. S. Horner, Georgetown,
for Essex county ferns.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss H. M. Smith, Newburyport, for

autumn leaves and flowers.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Winifred Pingree, Newbury-
port, for native grasses.
.50. Gratuity, to J. C. Smith, Newburyport, for cut

flowers.
1.50. Gratuity, to J. L. Willey, Lynn, for collection

dahlias.
.50. Gratuity, to David Mighill, Boxford, for wild

flowers.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. W. Nelson, Georgetown, for

Begonia.
.50. Gratuity, to Wm. Merrill, West Newbury, for
snapdragon.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. D. Rowe, Newburyport, for

cross of wild flowers.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. P. H. Liuit, Newburyport, for

choice plant.
.50. Gratuity, to Thomas Capers, Newburyport, for
gladiolus.
1.50. Gratuity, to J. A. Kenniston, Newburyport, for

collection dahlias.
1.50. Gratuity, to Fred. Hibbs, Amesbury, for collection.

The display of Flowers and Foliage Plants at our an-
nual exhibitions is every year increasing in extent and
general excellence. This year, owing to the severe drought,
the contributions were not so numerous, nor the specimens
as perfect, as in some previous seasons ; but the exhibit
on the whole was a good one — very creditable to a County
Fair — especially one that has always been considered
more agricultural than horticultural. The hall arrange-
ments were very creditable to those who had them in
charge, and we think the plan for displaying the flowers a
good one. The Society has very generously, during the
past year, furnished stands and bottles for exhibiting spec-
imens, and as more will soon be needed, we suggest that
bottles with wider mouths would be more convenient and
better adapted to the purpose.

As most of our income is derived from the sale of tick-
ets to the Hall — and one of the greatest attractions (if
not the greatest) in the Hall is the Flower Department —
the wisdom of these appropriations is evident. We would
suggest the importance of increasing these appropriations
from year to year, offering higher premiums, not for more
but better specimens of the various plants and flowers, for
which premiums are offered.

Many exhibitors appear to be ignorant or careless in re-
gard to the rules by which committees are governed.

These rules and regulations are all to be found in the prin-
ted premium list of the society, which can be obtained of
the Secretary, or from any Committee. For instance, a
premium is offered for the best twelve, dahlias : some per-
son may exhibit hundreds of specimens in our general col-
lection ; unless twelve separate dahlias are set apart by
themselves, they are not considered as competing for a
premium. No Committee can look through a large col-
lection and select out twelve flowers, which in their opin-
ion are better than any other twelve in the Hall, and do
this through the whole list, in the very short time allowed
them. The printed rules should be studied by every ex-
hibitor who expects to compete for a prize. If this was
done there would be less of fault-finding and disappoint-
ment.

The labor of many of the Hall Committee is very great
during the limited time allotted to them ; and we would
make this suggestion to be thought over, and possibly to
be acted upon at some future time, viz., that all the after-
noon, until evening of the first day, be allowed the Hall
Committees to examine and award the premiums ; and
that during such examination, everyone except the Com-
mittees and proper officers be strictly excluded from the
room. Also that the exhibition at the Hall be continued
another day, making two whole days and two evenings,
in which it will be opeu to the public.

T. C. Thurlow, Mrs. C. N. S. Horner, Mrs. L. H.
Bowdoin, Win. Huff, Committee.

VEGETABLES.

The Committee on Vegetables have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :

$3. First premium, to J. C. Stanley, Newburyport, for

Boston market tomato.
$3. First premium, to T. G. Bradley, "West Newbury,
for Ruta Baga turnips.

$3. First premium, to William Huff, Newburyport, for
parsnips.

$3. First premium, to Wm. Huff, Newburyport, for pur-
ple top turnips.

$3. First premium, to William Huff, Newburyport, for
Hubbard squashes.

50 cts. Gratuity, to William Huff, Newburyport, for
sweet potatoes.

$2. Second premium, to T. K. Bartlett, Newburyport,
for Stone Mason cabbage.

$1.50. Gratuity to T. K. Bartlett, Newburyport, for
yellow Ruta Bagas.

$3. First premium, to T. K. Bartlett, Newburyport, for
white Ruta Bagas.

$3. First premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for Sa-
voy cabbages.

$3. First premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for
Fottler Drumhead cabbages.

$2. Second premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for
Brunswick cabbages.

$3. First premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for red
onions.

$3. First premium, to Alfred Green, Newbury, for Beau-
ty of Hebron potatoes.

$3. First premium to B. F. Huntington, Amesbury, for
Clarke's No. 1 potatoes.

$3. First premium, to B. F. Huntington, Amesbury, for
Pearl of Savoy potatoes.

$3. First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for
Early Rose potatoes.

$3. First premium, to E. G. Xason, West Newbury, for

Turban squashes.
$3. First premium, to Wm. H. Greenleaf, Salisbury, for

Marrow squashes.
$3. First premium, to W. H. Greenleaf, Salisbury, for

Essex Hybrid squashes.
$3. First premium, to Wm. H. Greenleaf, Salisbury, for

cauliflowers.
$3. First premium, to W. K. Cole, West Boxford, for

cranberries.
$2. Second premium, to J. M. Danforth, Lynnfield, for

cranberries.
$2. First premium, to W. P. Smith, Rowley, for White

Plume celery.
$3. First premium, to M. Andrews, West Newbury, for

red cabbages.
$3. First premium, to R. Jaques, Newbury, for white

flat turnips.
$3. First premium, to Aaron Low, Essex, for Cardinal

tomatoes.
$3. First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for

turnip beets.
$3. First premium, to Wm. W. Perkins, Newbury, for

Stone Mason cabbage.
$3. First premium, to Aaron Low, Essex, for Corey

sweet corn.
$3. First premium, to Aaron Low, Essex, for Perry's

Hybrid Sweet corn.
$3. First premium, to G. B. Austin, West Boxford, for

Marblehead squashes.
$3. First premium, to E. & C. Woodman, Danvers, for

Livingston tomatoes.
$3. First premium, to Aaron Low, Essex, for best col-
lection tomatoes.

50 cts. Gratuity, to Wm. H. Bayley, Newburyport, for
White Plume celery.

$3. First premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for
Dauvers onion.

50 cts. Gratuity, to Stephen P. Hale, Newbury, for
Clarke's No. 1 potatoes.

$3. First premium, to B. F. Huntington, Amesbury, for
Short Horn carrot.

$1. Gratuity, to B. F. Huntington, Amesbury, for col-
lection of potatoes.

$2. First premium, to John J. Nasou, Amesbury, for
water melon.

$3. First premium, to John J. Nason, Amesbury, for
Danvers Intermediate onion.

50 cts. Gratuity, to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for
Clarke's No. 1 potatoes.

50 cts. Gratuity to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for Beau-
ty of Hebron potatoes.

50 cts. Gratuity to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for Sun-
rise potatoes.

$3. First premium, to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for
Flat onions.

$1. Gratuity to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for parsnips.

$2. Second premium, to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for
Savoy cabbage.

5<> cts. Gratuity to R. T. Jaques, Newbury, for Danvers
onions.

50 cts. Gratuity, to W. W. Perkins, Newbury, for Sil-
ver Skin onion.

$2. First premium, to W. W. Perkins, Newbury, for
musk melons.

$2. First premium, to W. W. Perkins, Newbury, for
nutmeg melons.

50 cts. Gratuity to W. W. Perkins, Newbury, for Egyp-
tian beets.

$1. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for mammoth
squash.

$3. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Mangold
Wurtzels.

$1. Gratuity, to William Thurlow, Newburyport, for
collection of potatoes.

50 cts. Gratuity, to James Noyes, Newbury, for Clarke's
No. 1 jxjtatoes.

$1. Gratuity, to James Ilsley, Newbury, for string of
onions.

50 cts. Gratuity, to C. M. Bayley, Newburyport, for
White Plume celery.

50 cts. Gratuity, to S. W. Goldthwait, Danvers, for cel-
ery.

$1. Gratuity, to J. F. Dale, Danvers, for collection of
herbs.

$2. Second premium, to S. A. Jaques, West Newbuiy,
for Red cabbage.

$1. Third premium, to Andrew Lane, Rockport, for cran-
berries.

50 cts. Gratuity, to O. F. Lewis, Salisbury, for cranber-
ries.

50 cts. Gratuity, to M. P. Holland, Newburyport, for
Boston Market celery.

$1. Gratuity, to Daniel W. Bradstreet, Rowley, for Belle
potatoes.

$1. Gratuity, to M. M. Ridgway, West Newbury, for
Danvers onion.

$1. Gratuity, to M. M. Ridgway, West Newbury, for
Queen of the Valley potatoes.

$2. Second premium, to Charles R. Anderson, Boxford,
for cauliflowers.

50 cts. Gratuity, to Wm. P. Smith, Rowley, for cante-
loupe melons.

50 cts. Gratuity, to M. Walsh, Groveland, for Beauty
of Hebron potatoes.

50 cts. Gratuity, to Mrs. Samuel Stevens, Plum Island,
for cranberries.

50 cts. Gratuity, to C. H. Poor, Bradford, for turnip
beet.

50 cts. Gratuity, to Daniel Plummer, Newbury, for Es-
sex potatoes.

$1.50. Gratuity, to G. W. Marsh, Newburyport, for
Dan vers onion.

50 cts. Gratuity, to G. W. Marsh, Newburyport, for
Mammoth peppers.

50 cts. Gratuity, to Cornelius Sullivan, Newbury, for
Queen of the Valley potatoes.

$1. Gratuity, to M. B. Chesley, Amesbury, for collec-
tion of potatoes.

50 cts. Gratuity, to M. B. Chesley, Amesbury, for Dan-
vers Flat onion.

50 cts. Gratuity, to Wm. B. Foster, Beverly, for Sweet
potatoes.

$8. First premium, to Aaron Low, Essex, for best

collection of vegetables.

$6. Second premium, to Robert Thornton, Salisbury, for
second best collection of vegetables.

Thomas Capers, Chairman.

GRAIN AND SEED.

The Committee on Grain and Seed have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :
$1.00. First premium, to S. M. Titcomb, West New-
bury, for peck shelled corn.

1.00. First premium, to E. G. Nason, West Newbury,

for peck Bald wheat.
1.00. First premium, to C. K. Ordway & Sou, West

Newbury, for peck Silver Hull buckwheat.
5.00. First premium, to S. Longfellow, Grovelaud, for

one trace Field corn.
3.00. Second premium, to E. G. Nason, West Newbury,

for 25 ears Field corn.
2.00. Third premium, to G. H. Plumer, Newbury, for

25 ears Field corn.
*3.00. First premium, to Enoch C. Curtis, Amesbury, for

25 ears Yellow Rice Pop corn.
*2.00. Gratuity, to John J. Mason, Amesbury, for one

trace White Rice Pop corn.
1.00. Gratuity, to J. H. Tenney, Rowley, for Improved

Canada corn.
8.00. First premium, to J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead,

for collection of seed (200 varieties).
3.00. Second premium, to Aaron Low, Essex, for col-
lection of seeds (189 varieties).

James P. King, Rufus Kimball, M. W. Bartlett, N. N.
Dummer, E. L. Wildes — Committee.

*Note. — John J. Mason would have received first premium
for Pop Corn had he complied with the rules of the Society by
not having more than the number of ears for which premium
was offered. The awards were changed by the Trustees.

COUNTERPANES AND AFGHANS.

The Committee on Counterpanes and Afghans have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards :
$4.00. First premium, to Mrs. Reuben Jackman, Ips-
wich Bluffs, for silk quilt.

2.00. Second premium, to Miss A. W. Currier, New-
buryport, for silk quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Kate Buckley, Newburyport, for

silk quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. F. Rose, Newburyport, for

quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. George Peckham, Newburyport,

for quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Annie H. Knight, Newbury, for silk

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Mary A. Beason, Newburyport,

for quilt. *

1.00. Gratuity, to Miss L. C. Ireland, Newburyport, for

silk quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Alice K. Noyes, Newbury, for

silk quilt.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Sarah D. Peabody, Topsfield, for

silk quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. James P. Folsom, Georgetown,

for quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs J. R. Chase, Newburyport, for

quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. John Caldwell, Newburyport,

for silk quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. F. Adams, Newburyport, for

silk quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Nellie Stanley, Newburyport,

for silk quilt.
4.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Wm. E. Prescott, Georgetown,

for afghan.
1.0C. Gratuity, to Miss Sarah Bogardus, Newburyport,

for afghan.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Frank A. Whitman, Wenham,

for afghan.

1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Susie Mender, Newburyport, for

afghans.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Daniel D. Adams, Newbury, for

afghans.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Win. S. Coffin, Newburyport,

for afghan.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. J. Haynes, Newburyport,

for quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Abby J. Quill, Newburyport, for

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Win. S. Coffin, Newburyport,

for quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Annie G. M una ford, Newburyport,

for afglaan.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. H. Bartlett, Newburyport,

for afglaan.
.50. Gratuity, to Carrie L. Porter, Newburyport, for

quilt.

Miss Clara A. Hale, Mrs. T. C. Thurlow, Mrs. A. W.
Smith — Committee.

CARPETS AND RUGS.

The Committee on Carpets and Rugs have attended to

their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that

they have made the following awards :

$4.00. First premium, to John H. Balch, Newburyport,
for velvet carpet.

3.00. First premium, to Mrs. Cyrus K. Ordway, West
Newbury, for rug.

2.00. Second premium, to Mrs. Moses E. Cook, New-
buryport, for braided rug.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. T. N. Cook, Newburyport, for
drawn-in rug;.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Jere. Luut, Newburyport, for

log cabin rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. George H. Plummer, Newbury,

for rug.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. C. Lang, Newburyport, for

2 lamb's tongue rugs.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. George Jackson, Newburyport,

for braided rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Reuben Jackman, Ipswich Bluffs,

for button rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. P. Bradley, Newburyport,

for knit rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. Page Lake, Newburyport, for

lamb's tongue rug.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. Henry Page, Newburyport, for

felt rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. J. Woodward, West New-
bury, for woven rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. D. P. Nelson, West Newbury,

for kid rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. C. Bridges, West Newbury,

for button rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Annie True, Amesbury, for rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Charles Pool, Rockport, for rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss L. Bradbury, Newburyport, for

rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. William Pearson, Newburyport,

for rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Elbridge Tenney, Newbury, By-
field, for rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Hector Little, Newburyport, for

rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. R. Chase, Newburyport, for

rujr.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. George L. Gillett, Newbury-

port, for rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. E. Brown, Georgetown, for

rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Carrie Abbott, Newburyport, for

kid rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Minnie Page, Newburyport, for

rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. R. H. Wiggles worth, Newbmy-

port, for rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Nellie B. Moulton, Newbury-
port, for rug.
.75. Gratuity, to Miss Mary C. Noyes, Newburyport,

for knit Smyrna rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Mary Cottrell, Newburyport,

for button rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Mary Bent, Newburyport, for

lamb's tongue rug.
William H. Bayley, Mrs. Aaron Low, Mrs. Isaac P.
Noyes, Mrs. J. N. Rolfe — Committee.

ARTICLES MANUFACTURED FROM LEATHER.

The Committee on Articles Manufactured from Leather
have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards :
$5. First premium, to Thomas Hill, Georgetown, for
best carriage harness.

There was a collection of shoes, but no evidence that
they were manufactured in the county.

William Hilton, I. N. Lane — Committee.

MANUFACTURES AND GENERAL MERCHAN-
DISE.

The Committee on Manufactures and General Merchan-
dise have attended to their duty, and respectfully report

to the Secretary that they have made the following

awards :

$3.00. First premium, to W. H. Noyes & Bro., New-
buryport, for samples of combs.

2.00. Gratuity, to C. II. Richardson, Newburyport, for
cough drops.
.50. Gratuity, to J. R. Fogg, Amesbury, for wringer.

1.00. Gratuity, to F. A. Silloway, Newburyport, for
upholstery.

1.00. Gratuity, to Edward H. Clarkson, Newburyport,
for case of bird's eggs.

1.00. Gratuity, to Frank E. Coffin, Newburyport, for
sewing machine.

3.00. Gratuity, to John Carter, Newburyport, for case
fancy goods.

1,00. Gratuity, to Mrs. N. A. Paine, Newburyport, for
fancy hair work.

2.00. Gratuity, to N. N. Dummer, Rowley, for manu-
factured grains.
.50. Gratuity, to Edward Limt, Newburyport, for felt

slippers.
.50. Gratuity, to S. II. Fowle, Newburyport, for one
case candy.

1.00. Gratuity, to G. H. Plumer, Newburyport, for case
fancy velvets.

1.00. Gratuity, to Robertson & Drummond, Newbury-
port, for furs.
.50. Gratuity, to Alice Brown, Newburyport, for case
beetles from Java.

2.00. Gratuity, to Wm. Duchemien, Newburyport, for
plaiting and basting machine.
Benjamin Akerman, Charles N. Ballou, Charles F. Hor-
ton, Isaac P. Noyes — Committee.

FANCY WORK AXD WORKS OF ART.

The Committee on Fancy Work and Works of Art have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary that they have made the following awards :
$1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Mattie F. Jaques, Newbury-
port, for Avater color.

.50. Gratuity, to Miss Grace L. Bailey, Newbury,
Byfield, for oil painting.

.50. Gratuity, to Miss Ethel Reed, Newburyport, for
crayon.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. H. W. Roberts, Newburyport,
for water color.

.50. Gratuity, to Miss M. E. Couch, Newburyport, for
china platter and dish.

50. Gratuity, to Miss H. A. Pike, Newhuryport, for
decorated china.

.50. Gratuity, to Miss N. P. Rogers, Newbury, Byfield,
for plush banner.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. G. H. Fenderson, Newburyport,
for oil painting.

.50. Gratuity, to Miss E. Angerine Welch, George-
town, for 3 water colors.

.50. Gratuity, to Miss M. E. Couch, Newburyport, for
oil painting.

.50. Gratuity, to Miss S. L. Knox, Newburyport, for
painting.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. H. deRochemont, Newhury-
port, for oil painting.

2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Kirkpatrick, Newburyport, for

painting of pansies.
.50. Gratuity, to E. A. Williams, Newburyport, for

water color.
2.00. Gratuity, to Miss L. E. Merrill, Newburyport, for

flower painting.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Mabeth Hurd, Newburyport, for

crayon portrait.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss E. C. Lunt, Newburyport, for

animal study.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Dr. Leslie, Amesbury, for study

of pansies.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss F. H. Pettingell, Amesbury, for

putty modelling.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Nellie Clarkson, Newburyport,

for arbutus.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Annie K. Tuck, Newburyport,

for dog's head.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Grace G. Rogers, West New-
bury, for oil painting.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Nellie Coffin, Newburyport, for

crayon panel.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Margaret A. Pike, Newburyport,

for placque (oil).
.50. Gratuity, to George Duchemin, Newburyport, for

wood carving.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. C. Greenville, Newburyport,

for breast pin.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. George Stevens, Newburyport,

for lace apron.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Belle Kennedy, Newburyport,

for floral paper basket.
.50. Gratuity, to Mary E. Buckley, Newburyport, for

mantle lambrequin.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mary E. Welch, Newburyport, for
fancy panel.

.75. Gratuity, to Mary E. Welch, Newburyport, for
child's sacque.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. A. Stevens, East Salisbury,
for two lambrequins.

.50. Gratuity, to Lucy J. Henry, 14 years old, New-
buryport, for tidy.

.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. B. Storer, Newburyport, for
knit tidy.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss H. S. Hart, Newburyport, for
fancy table cover.

.75. Gratuity, to Margaret E. Pike, Newburyport, for
table cover.

.50. Gratuity, to Annie J. Moynihan, Newburyport,
for sofa pillow.

.75. Gratuity, to Mary E. McQuade, Newburyport, for
table cover.

.50. Gratuity to Mrs. Eliza Rogers, 82 years old, West
Newbury, for 5 fancy pin balls.
1.00. Gratuity to Mrs. G. H. Moulton, Newburyport,
for table scarf.

.50. Gratuity, to Edna Bryant, Newburyport, for mot-
to.

.50. Gratuity, to Gertrude Johnson, Newburyport, for
butterflies in frame.

.50. Gratuity, to S. J. Pike, Newburyport, for 2 bu-
reau covers.

.75. Gratuity, to Lillian W. Grenlief, Newburyport,
for towel tidy.

.75. Gratuity, to Maggie McCarty, Groveland, for ta-
ble scarf.

.50. Gratuity, to Annie N. Dearborn, Newburyport,
for hand-knit edging.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. L. Colby, Newburyport, for

table scarf.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss I. Romily, Newburyport, for

toilet set and chair.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss L. L. Lamprey, Newburyport,

for thermometer case.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss L. L. Lamprey, Newburyport,

for tidy.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. M. Moulton, Newburyport,

for table scarf.
2.00. Gratuity, to Lizzie H. C. Folsom, Georgetown,

for window lambrequin.
.50. Gratuity, to Lizzie H. C. Folsom, Georgetown,

for framed wreath.
.75. Gratuity, to Gertie S. Lunt, Newburyport, for

fancy handkerchief.
.50. Gratuity, to Stella Neal, Newburyport, for sea

moss.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Lizzie Jaques, Newbury, for fire

screen.
.75. Gratuity, to Ida M. Jaques, Newburyport, for

panel in K. P.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Avery, Newburyport, for hand-
kerchief.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Mary A. Creasy, Newburyport,

for table scarf.
.75. Gratuity, to Miss Josephine Doyle, Newburyport,

for fire screen.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Alice C. Plumer, Newburyport,

for table scarf.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. E. Blaisdell, Newburyport,

for work box.
.75. Gratuity, to Georgie Thurlow, Newburyport, for

guitar brush holder.

.50. Gratuity, to Miss J. Lydston, Newburyport, for

night robe.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Somerby N. Noyes, West New-

buiy, for hand-knit tidy.
.50. Gratuity to Mrs. M. W. Batchelder, Lynn, for

linen covers.
.50. Gratuity, to Ella W. Ferguson, Newburyport, for

worsted wreaths.
.50. Gratuity, to Alice Brown, Newburyport, for sachet

boots.
.50. Gratuity, to E. J. Parker, Newburyport, for hair

wreath.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Levi Senior, Newburyport, for

worsted flowers.
1.50. Gratuity, to Miss Mary Jones, Newburyport, for

table cloth.
.75. Gratuity, to Nellie L. Stanley, Newburyport, for

fancy table.
.50. Gratuity, to L. Nellie Pierce, Newburyport, for

sofa pillow.
.50. Gratuity, to Susan E. Merrill, Newburyport, for

hammered brass.
.50. Gratuity, to George H. Smith, Haverhill, for fish

scale pin.
.50. Gratuity, to Kate M. Buckly, Newburyport, for

piano cover.
.50. Gratuity, to Mary F. Brown, Newbury, for 5 ta-
ble mats.
.50. Gratuity, to Delia A. Frost, Newbury (Byfield),

for box paper flowers.
Theodore L. Castlehun, Mrs. A. J. Haynes, Miss Delia
C. Noyes, Miss Viola F. Winkley, Mrs. Peter Holt, Jr.
— Committee.

WORK OF CHILDREN UNDER TWELVE YEARS
OF AGE.

The Committee on Work of Children under Twelve
Years of Age have attended to their duty, and respect-
fully report to the Secretary that they have made the fol-
lowing awards :
$3.00. First premium, to Marion DeJean, Newburyport,

for silk quilt.
2.00. Second premium, to May F. Carney, Newbury-
port, for piano cover.
.50. Gratuity, to Mary Casey, Newburyport, for child's

sacque.
.50. Gratuity, to Ida Poor, Georgetown, for daisy
quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Hattie Burke, Newburyport, for table
cover.
.50. Gratuity to Anna Furguson, Newburyport, for ta-
ble cover.
.50. Gratuity, to Mary McQuade, Newburyport, for af-

ghan.
.50. Gratuity, to Lulie Frost, Newburyport, for tidies.
.50. Gratuity, to Satie Swasey, Newburyport, for

knitted mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Shirley Ladd, Groveland, for collec-
tion of woods.
1.00. Gratuity, to Agnes Burke, Newburyport, for pil-
low sham.
.50. Gratuity, to Emma Sprague, Newburyport, for

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Nettie Woods, Newburyport, for af-

ghan.
.50. Gratuity, to Winnie Evans, Newburyport, for
easels.

77 . '

1.00. Gratuity, to Hollis Scates, Georgetown, for oil
paintings.
.50. Gratuity, to Willie Swasey, Newbury port, for

shell work box.
.50. Gratuity, to Ernest and Fred Hood, Salem, for

calico quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Gertie Carleton, Eowley, for burlap

rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Drussie Brown, Georgetown, for

lamp mats.
There were forty-one entries for premiums.
Mrs. G. H. Plumer, Mrs. Bartlett, Mrs. S. Noyes —
Committee.

IMPROVING WET MEADOW AND SWAMP
LANDS.
The Committee on awards for "Improving Wet Mead-
ow and Swamp Land," in submitting their report, beg
leave to say, that they are impressed with the importance
of the object contemplated in offering the premiums for
the most successful of these experiments. Throughout
the county, in both woodland and pasture, may be found
vestages of once cultivated fields, an evidence of a de-
crease in the acreage of tillage land during the present
century. It is probable that the rocky moss grown pas-
tures could not with the present price of labor be cultiva-
ted profitably, but many acres of woodland give evidence
by the rapid growth of wood, of a strength of soil that
would well repay the cost of clearing and reclaiming.
Meadow land long abandoned to hassocks, bushes and wa-
ter grasses, which, if properly drained, worked and ferti-
lized, will produce a sure and profitable crop of hay, when
higher land subject to droughts often disappoints the own-
ers in the quantity produced.

It has been said that he who causes two l)lades of grass
to grow where but one had grown is a public benefactor,
and we may safely conclude that the man who reclaims a
swamp or worthless meadow and increases its value two
or three fold, contributes to the public welfare ; and when
the outlay is fully met by the crops produced in two or
three years, yielding the increased value of the land as net
profit, it affords encouragement for others to go and do
likewise. Four entries were made the present year, last
year there was but one, showing an increasing interest in
this enterprise. The first was by B. H. Farnum, of North
Andover, who entered a little more than one acre of land,
which three years since was wet and comparatively worth-
less meadow, has by means of thorough drainage and cul-
tivation produced the present year three tons of excellent
Timothy hay and five hundred pounds of oat fodder. The
laud and crops were examined by your Committee, who
recommend the award of $15, first premium, to B. H. Far-
num of North Andover.

The second entry was by William W. Perkins of New-
bury, who entered two acres from which a heavy growth
of wood and timber had been removed, the stumps and
roots taken out with much hard and persevering labor ;
ploughed, liberally fertilized, and planted two years with
potatoes, and two excellent crops obtained, the income of
which has apparently met the cost of the whole outlay,
while the value of the land is greatly increased ; but
it does not appear that the woodland was ever wet or
that drainage Avas required at all, for this reason, in
the opinion of your Committee, it could not be called
swamp land.

The third entry was Luther Tidd of Georgetown ;
this was an acre of common brook meadow, treated
with sand and fertilized, and appeared in a promising

condition, but the experiment having been in progress
but one year, it does not come within the rules. The
fourth entry was by S. A. Jaques of West Newbury, who
entered an acre of swamp land of deep peat muck ; this
was first drained by cutting a wide and deep ditch around
the lot ; a heavy growth of wood was cut seven years since
from the lot, the stumps and hassocks removed, the whole
worked entirely by hand for three years, producing two
extraordinary crops of potatoes, grown without manure
or fertilizers of any kind. The fertilizers applied the third
year were not required by the soil or not adapted to the
crops, hence the failure of the onions and root crops ; the
cabbage succeeded better. Taking the three years togeth-
er, the crops paid a large profit upon the labor bestowed,
beside greatly increasing the value of the land. Your
Committee recommend the award of $10, second premium,
to S. A. Jaques of West Newbury.

Respectfully submitted, for the Committee,

J. Scott Todd, Chairman.

STATEMENT OF B. H. FARNUM.

To Essex Agricultural Society : —

The piece of land which I enter for premium contains
an acre and one fourth as near as I can measure. It was
given to me by my father. He had previously cut off a
thick growth of maple trees, blueberry bushes and alders.
Twenty years ago it was ploughed, the roots dug out and
burned, a ditch dug on two sides, levelled with bog hoes
and harrow, and sowed to grass seed without any manure
except the ashes which came from the burning roots. It
was so soft oxen could not be used only on one side near
the ditch. The grass seed on a narrow strip near the
ditch came up and did nicely, but a large portion of the
piece produced a poor quality of meadow grass, very hard

to cut. I let it go as it was except a narrow strip near
the ditch which 1 have ploughed occasionally. I com-
menced to reclaim a piece on the other side of the ditch,
where my success was so good that it encouraged me to
go back and commence again on the piece which I now en-
ter for premium. In '83 I dug the ditch as deep as the
water and rocks would admit, varying from two to six
feet deep and from three and one half to four feet wide.
I ploughed it, using a pair of wheels where the oxen could
not go in the furrow, and applied a heavy coat of barn
manure in the drills. I planted the dryest part with po-
tatoes, and the rest with sweet corn, hi November I
ploughed it with a side hill plough, with the intention of
seeding down, but before I got it level enough the ground
froze. In March, '84, I sowed on ten bushels of hen ma-
nure just as it came from the roost. When warm weath-
er came the weeds and grass came up thick, and grew
very fast ; I ploughed it in June. I think the weeds were
six inches high ; I turned them under and without any
more manure, sowed it to oats and grass seed, with the
exception of a few rods where the sod was not rotted
enough to level. I planted again with sweet corn. Had
a very heavy crop of oats, was obliged to move a part of
them to higher ground to dry. In 1885 we estimated the
crop of grass on the part that was seeded down at two
tons. The few rods that were not seeded down to grass
I ploughed and again planted with sweet corn. In 1886
the few rods that had been planted with corn were ploughed
with side hill plough and sowed to oats and grass seed.
I think the grass on the part that was seeded down in 1884
was the heaviest crop of grass I ever raised. We estima-
ted the hay to weigh three tons and the oats five hundred
pounds.

DR.

• Estimated expense for 1883 :

Value of land, $50 00

To 40 rods ditch at .50, 20 00
" ploughing with oxen and horse and two

men, three days, 19 50

•' harrowing and furrowing, . 2 50

' 12 loads manure, 30 bushels each, 24 00

" 2 bushels potatoes, 1 50

" 12 qts. corn, 25

' planting, two men, two clays, 3 00

" cultivating the whole and hoeing potatoes, 2 25

" digging potatoes, 2 00

" ploughing and harrowing in November, 12 00

Estimated expense, 1884 :

To hen manure, 4 00

" ploughing, two men and yoke of oxen, one

and one-half days, at $1.50,
" harrowing,
" 2^ bushels oats, at .70,
" grass seed,
" harrowing and levelling and sowing

oats,
" manure for corn,
" planting fodder corn and seed,
" harvesting oats,

Estimated expense, 1885 :

To manure for fodder corn, 6 00

" ploughing and planting corn, 2 00

" making 2 tons hay, 8 00

Estimated expense, 1886 :
To ploughing,
" manure,

" one-half bushel oats,
M harrowing and levelling,
" harvesting oats,
" making 3 tons hay,

Total expense,

$1 00

$210 05

CR.

Estimated value of crop, 1883 :
By 20 bushels potatoes,
" fodder corn,

Estimated value of crop, 1884 :

By oats,
" fodder corn,

Estimated value of crop, 1885 :
By 2 tons hay, *
" fodder corn,

Estimated value of crop, 1886 :
By 3 tons hay,
" 500 lbs. oats,
" present value of land,

Total value of crops and land>

First value of land and total expenses,

Balance,

$48.00

3.00

200

.00

Note. — Present value of land, per acre,
Value of 4 3-ears' crops, "

$352.00
210.05

$141.95

$160 00
121 60

Total,

$281 60

First value of land, per acre, $40 00

Expense on land and crops per acre, 128 04

$168 04

Balance per acre, $113 56

B. H. Farnum.

STATEMENT OF STEPHEN A. JAQUES, WEST NEWBURY,
"RECLAIMING SWAMP LAND."

It was a heavy growth of wood seven years ago. There
is about five acres in the piece. I dug a ditch around the
whole to drain it.

In 1883 I had the stumps and hassocks cut out of one
measured acre, cost $40 ; I then dug it over by hand, cost
$20 ; I planted it with Clark No. 1 potatoes, without
manure, cost $6; six bushels of seed, $3.60; I cut the
seed in quarters, hoed once, $9 ; harvested 148 bushels
of salable and 40 bushels of small potatoes, cost $12.

In 1884 I dug over the same piece by hand, holed it for
potatoes, cost $11 ; planted it the 4th of June with Clark
No. 1 potatoes, without manure, cut them one eye in
a piece, dropped two pieces in a hill, used four bushels,
cost $2.40; cost of planting, $1.50 per day, $6; hoed
once, $7.50; harvested Oct. 15th, 145 bushels of large,
45 bushels of small potatoes.

In 1885 I had the same piece of land dug over by hand,
cost $5 ; planted with Clark No. 1 potatoes, seven bushels
of seed, cost $3.50 ; holed by hand, $3 ; cut the seed two
eyes in a piece, dropped two pieces in a hill, without
manure ; hoed once, $8 ; harvested in October 147 bush-
els large, 38 bushels small potatoes, cost $15.

In the Fall of 1885 plowed the same piece of land with
a pair of horses. Used an Oliver Chill Plow. The horses
walked on the land side ; if they stepped on the furrow

the}r would go down ; I got them in twice. Let the land
lay over Winter just as I ploughed.

In the Spring of 1886 I raked it over by hand, cost $6 ;
I then spread Dole Fertilizer, one-half ton, $17.50 ; I
sowed three-fourths of it with onions, $3 ; the rest sowed
with beets, parsnips, turnips, sugar beets, mangold wurt-
zels, carrots and celery — all a failure. I then set out with
cabbages, seed cost 15 cents ; hoed once, 75 cents ; trans-
planting, $6; harvested one-half acre, 19,562 pounds.

Soil, muck and peat.

RECAPITULATION FOR ONE ACRE.

1883. — Cost cutting out stumps, etc., $40.00

Digging, 20.00

CD O'

Seed potatoes, 3.60

Planting and hoeing, 9.00

Harvesting, 12.00

$84.60
Crop — 148 bush, salable potatoes, 40 bush, small potatoes.

1884.— Cost digging over, etc., $11.00

Seed potatoes, 2.40

Planting, 6.00

Hoed once, 7.50

$26.90
Crop — 145 bush, large potatoes, 45 bush, small potatoes.

1885.— Cost digging over, $5.00

3.50

Seed potatoes,
Holing,
Hoeing,
Harvesting,

3.00

8.00
15.00

$34.50
Crop — 147 bush, large potatoes, 38 bush, small potatoes.

1886.

— Raking over land cost

$6.00

Half ton Dole fertilizer,

17.50

Sowing onion seed,

3.00

Cabbage seed,

.15

Hoed once,

.75

Transplanting,

6.00

$33.40
Crop from one-half of land — 19,562 pounds cabbages;
the other crops a failure.

EEPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OX
GRAIN CROPS.

But two entries have been made in this department.
Mr. J. J. H. Gregory of Marblehead made entry of a fine
piece of rye, and Mr. Oliver P. Killam of Boxford, of a
superior crop of corn.

Mr. Gregory's rye crop, as per statement, shows con-
clusively that there is yet a profit in growing the grains
in New England. Here we see that with an outlay of
$48.25, which includes $10 for fertilizers, and also the cost
of getting the crop to market, he secures a crop of 57 1-2
bushels of rye, worth 75 cents per bushel; and 8,131
pounds of straw, worth $20 per ton ; or a total receipt of
$124.48, with a net profit of $76.23— which is only another
proof showing that good treatment is the one thing essen-
tial to the successful growing of all the grains in compet-
ing with the fertile prairies of the West.

Your committee have for several years advocated the
growing of more grain in this State, and in my report
of one year ago I called attention to the fact that a gener-
ous treatment of our grain crops would so increase the

yield that we should have very little trouble from Western
competition.

Mr. Killam's statement on Corn Crop shows that good
yields of corn can yet be secured in Essex County, by a
proper selection of soils, and with only an ordinary quan-
tity of manure.

Of the benefits to be derived from the growing of corn
in Massachusetts too much cannot be said. Many of our
farmers may be seen at the grain mills every day after
their supply of meal. This, I believe, is all wrong; for
while at the mills they are paying 60 cents per bushel,
they can grow a crop of corn of better quality and at less
cost, besides raising a crop of fodder on the same land
more valuable than a crop of grass.

Mr. Killam's field yielded a crop of 88 bushels per acre
— a good crop certainly, yet crops of 60 or even 50 bush-
els per acre can be grown with profit, as our President
and other successful corn growers have shown ; and these
yields are not more than may ordinarily be expected if
suitable soil is selected and fairly dressed.

Your Committee have awarded premiums as follows :
10.00. First premium, to James J. H. Gregory, Marble-
head, for rye crop.
10.00. First premium, to Oliver P. Killam, Boxford, for
corn crop.

Respectfully submitted,

John Q. Evans,

For the Committee.

STATEMENT CONCERNING A CROP OF RYE RAISED BY MR.

J. J. H. GREGORY, IN THE TOWN OF

MIDDLETON, OCTOBER, 1886.

The crop of 1884 was cabbage, which was manured with
part barn manure, part fertilizer, the latter in the hill, four
cords of the former and about six hundred weight of the
latter.

In 1885 the crop was cabbage seed, about six cords of
barn manure being used, one half in the drill and one half
broadcast. About eight hundred pounds of fertilizer, con-
sisting mostly of phosphoric acid (soluble) and potash,
was applied in the hill. The soil is a good loam. After
the cabbage seed was gathered, in September, it was
ploughed seven inches deep, and six hundred pounds of
fertilizer, composed of soluble phosphoric acid in the form
of bone, nitrogen as sulphate of ammonia, and potash in
the form of muriate, was scattered broadcast by a broad-
cast spreader ; after which, and by the same machine, two
bushels of rye to the acre was sown. The piece was then
thoroughly harrowed and rolled.

The cost of the crop was as follows :

Ploughing one acre, man and 2-horse team, $2.50

Cost of fertilizer, 10.00

Cost of seed, 2.00

Applying fertilizer and seed, 1.50

Harrowing the same, 1.00

Rolling, 1.00

Cutting crop by scythe, 3.00

Binding and getting to barn, 6.00

Threshing by hand, 15.00

Getting straw to market, 5.00

Getting grain to market, 1.25

$48.25

The receipts were :
For straw, $1 per 100 lbs., 8,131 lbs., $81.31

For grain, 75 cts. per bu., 57| bu., 43.17

Value of crops, $124.48

Expenses, 48.25

Profit, $76.23

After harvesting the rye, the land was ploughed, a dress-
ing of six hundred pounds of fertilizer, rich in potash, was
spread broadcast, and Hungarian was sown. There was
a good crop, though it was affected by the dryness of the
season. It was my intention to follow it with another
crop of rye, but I regret that my teams were too much
occupied to enable me to carry out the plan.

Two other pieces were in rye at the same time as the
one offered for premium, each of which had fertilizers
applied before sowing, and all three crops were so nearly
alike in yield that there was no choice between them.

It strikes me that the lesson to be learned from these
experiments is, that it may pay to manure our land, espe-
cially for rye, and not, as is customary, let the crop depend
wholly for food on the leavings of the one that preceded it.
Yours, J. J. H. Gregory,

Marblehead, Mass.

This is to certify that on an acre of rye raised on the
farm of J. J. H. Gregory, at Middleton, there was grown,
by weight, 3,225 lbs., or 5T§ bu., and 8,131 lbs. of straw,
or 4 tons, 131 lbs. — the grain having been weighed at the
barn and the straw on the town scales.

Middleton, Oct. 26, 1886. S. A. Jones.

STATEMENT OF OLIVER P. KILLAM OF BOXFORD.

The crop of 1884 English hay, fifteen hundred lbs. to

the acre ; no manure used. The crop of 1884 same, no
manure was used, about twelve hundred lbs. to the acre.
The soil a dark loam ; ploughed once six inches deep and
thoroughly harrowed with wheel and tooth harrow. Cost
of ploughing and harrowing $9 per acre. Amount of ma-
nure, 25 loads per acre of 30 bushels to the load, all spread
and ploughed under, all fresh from barn cellar. The val-
ue of manure on the ground, $2 per load. The corn was
planted May 25th by hand, 3 1-2 feet each way, with one
spoonful of phosphate in each hill, planted with eight
quarts of eight-rowed yellow corn ; cost of seed and plant-
ing, $3 per acre. The cultivator was run three times each
way with very little hoeing up to July 4th. Cost of cul-
tivating and hoeing, $4 per acre. The corn was cut and
stooked 16 hills to a stook the 8th of September. Cost
of harvesting, including husking, $12 per acre. As the
Committee did not give me any order, I measured two
rods on one side where it was a fair average per acre, and
husked it the 26th day of October, it being very sound
and dry, weighing 44 lbs. to the rod. My whole field is
about 3 acres ; I tried it on other parts of the field outside
of this acre, and it amounted to about 40 lbs. to the rod.
I think the condition it was in it would hold out at 40 lbs.
to the bushel, making 176 bushels of ears to the acre.
I certify that the above statement is correct.

Oliver P. Killam, Competitor.

This may certify that I measured two rods on one side
of the acre and helped get it in and husk it, and saw it
weighed, and the above statement is all right.

John Emack.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON ROOT CROPS.

The committee selected to examine the Root Crops en-
tered for the Society's premiums, have attended to that
duty, and report eighteen entries, from twelve competi-
tors, viz. :

John H. George, Methuen, Onions and Potatoes. •

Walter Smith & Co., Methuen, Sweede Turnips.

Benj. H. Farnham, Andover, Cabbages — withdrawn.

Ansel W. Putnam, Danvers, Potatoes.

Asa T. Newhall, Lynn, Onions and Squashes.

J. E. Page, Superintendent of Pickman farm, Salem,
Cabbages.

Cyrus K. Ordway, West Newbury, Carrots.

Stephen A. Jaques, West Newbury, Cabbages and Po-
tatoes.

Daniel Carleton, Andover, Cabbages.

J. W. Blodgett, East Saugus, Mangold Wurtzels.

J. W. Blodgett, East Saugus, Squashes, withdrawn.

M. B. Faxon, Saugus, Potatoes.

James Manning, Topsfield, Onions, Turnips, Carrots.

It is the opinion of your committee that onions, squashes
and potatoes ought all to be entered by Sept. 15, as, if
entered at a much later date, the probability is that the
committee may not be able to see those crops before har-
vesting.

Although it has required considerable time and expense,
your committee feel that we have been amply repaid for
our trouble, as we have had the pleasure of visiting some
of the best farms and farmers of Essex County, and in
every case have been cordially received, and had their
several systems of farming freely explained to us.

John H. George's crop of onions was a very heavy one,
raised on reclaimed swamp land, with no other drainage

than an open drain around the field. At the time of
our visit, Aug. 31, the onions were fully ripe, and of ex-
cellent quality, with scarcely a scullion on the half acre ;
while on the adjoining' farm, on high land, a field sown at
the same time and out of the same lot of seed, the onions
stood up nearly as green as ever, and were at least three
weeks later.

Mr. George called our attention to a trial of seed pur-
chased of several different parties who claim to sell a good
article. The result was, some did not come up at all,
some very sparing, while others that did grow were large
necked and coarse, with not one good lot among the whole.
This shows that the selection of seed is of vital import-
ance, and we can recommend no better seed, of any variety
of vegetable, than that grown by our Essex County seeds-
men.

While in Methuen, we examined the crop of turnips of
Walter Smith & Co., although rather early in the season
to judge. The outlook was for a fair crop.

At Danvers we were highly entertained by Ansel W.
Putnam's explanation of the manner in which he con-
ducted his farm. As he showed us his crops, each depart-
ment was taken up and the methods of cultivation ex-
plained by one, whose many articles in the agricultural
press have taught us to look up to, as an experienced
farmer ; but we had never had the pleasure of listening to
his farm talks so direct, and we know that this was a day
well spent.

His crop of potatoes was not a large one, but his object
in entering his crop was to bring his report before the
Society, showing experiments he has been making for the
past few years. Although we cannot award a premium
for his crop, we earnestly request that his excellent report
be printed in the Transactions, believing the information
therein given is of great value.

On Sept. 15 we visited Asa T. Newhall's onion crop,
which was raised on land similar to that of Mr. George's,
it being reclaimed meadow land. Mr. Newhall's onions,
at the time of our call, were perfectly ripe, and of excel-
lent quality and of medium size ; they were very thick,
however, pressing out so the rows seemed to be in places
scarcely six inches apart.

The contest between Mr. Newhall and Mr. George
appeared to be very close, the one raised by the use of
a compost, at the rate of eight cords to the acre, the other
on commercial fertilizers, at the rate of one ton per acre.

The committee did not venture to intimate, even to each
other, which of the contestants would win. When the
statements came in they showed a difference of fifteen
bushels on the half acre, with a record of 1090 and 1120
bushels per acre, the difference being only about one-half
cent in cost per bushel.

In 1871 Mr. Gregory came down to Newbury to see
a crop of 970 bushels to the acre. He said, "This is a
remarkable crop, worth a journey of thirty miles to see."

In 1886 there are a£ least three crops in the county —
one of 1080, one of 1090, and the other 1123 bushels per
acre, and all first quality onions. We believe this never
has been excelled, and perhaps never will be.

The Society may well be proud of these results, and of
the fact that the producers of these enormous crops are
members of its association. These are no chance crops,
but were especially prepared for large results by men who
are educated, and are educators at our Institute meetings.

At the same time we looked over a field of squashes,
raised among early potatoes, which have since been en-
tered for premium by Mr. Newhall, and by his statement
we notice that he has a heavy yield of squashes, and not
content with two crops, has a fair chance to get a nice lot
of turnips for third crop.

At Mr. Page's, on the Pick man farm, at Salem, we
found a line piece of cabbages which promised a large crop.
Your Committee selected a number of average heads and
weighed them, then taking the number of heads in a row,
and estimating the whole piece on that basis, found the
crop to weigh 26,672 lbs. ; the heads were of very even
size, with scarcely a vacancy on the half-acre.

Our next visit was to West Newbury, which'is one of
the best forming towns in the county ; we first called on
C. K. Ordway, whose farm contains many acres of inter-
vale land situated on the banks of the beautiful Merrimac.
He showed us the product of his dairy, in the shape of a
splendid lot of home-made cheese, which sells at twenty
cents per lb. Also large fields of excellent corn, and in
fact he was not satisfied until he had made us familiar with
nearly all his farm operations, all of which are conducted
in a business-like manner. Our object was to examine a
field of carrots ; the variety raised was the Long Orange,
which in our view are not as profitable as the Danvers
Medium. He has a fair field however, although he thinks
it will fall short of last year ; this season has not been a
good carrot season in any section.

Just here I would like to say a word in favor of the
Guerande carrot, a new variety. I purchased some seed
of Mr. Gregory last spring, and on four rows, twenty rods
long, I harvested Nov. 2, fifty-eight bushels, weighing
3,364 lbs. ; this would make, sowing the rows sixteen in-
ches apart, 83,130 lbs., or 41 1-2 tons to the acre. My
method of cultivation is to sow a single row between ev-
ery other row of strawberries, and I suppose that the yield
would not be as large if sown in a field, with rows sixteen
inches apart. This is just the variety to plant between
strawberries, as it is easily pulled, not requiring any dig-
ging at all.

Mr. Jaques, who presents potato and cabbage crops for
our consideration, has been foremost to take advantage of
the draining of Ash swamp, by Judge Bradley, who owns
some three hundred acres of this land, which he is reclaim-
ing ; we see no reason why this swamp is not capable of
producing as large crops as those of Mr. Newhall and Mr.
George. There are many hundred acres in the township
which might be reclaimed, we think, at a great profit,
yielding many tons of English hay, where now grow bush-
es and coarse grasses ; none of this land is rougher than
that which Mr. Jaques has had the pluck to grapple with ;
he has cropped this meadow without using any manure
with the exception of twelve hundred lbs. phosphate ; with
what success his statement will show.

At North Andover we had a, pleasant visit with Mr.
Carleton, who presented his cabbage crop for our inspec-
tion, and if the premiums he has received are evidence of
his skill in this branch of his farming, he certainly under-
stands how to raise cabbage. In order to get medium
sized heads, which are more salable in the market than
overgrown ones are, he plants thick and thus gets a large
crop, and although very low prices rule this season, he
makes a fair show of profit.

Our last call was on Mr. Manning at Topsfield ; although
too late to see his onions in the field, we were in season to
examine his carrots and turnips ; the turnips were of fine
quality, but his yield is doubtless diminished by the hard
freeze which occurred a few daj^s before, killing many of
the loaves, thereby stopping in a measure, the growth.
His crop of onions was a good one and showed evidence of
good farming, as did all his crops.

Never before we think, in the history of the Society, has
there been so many entries by so many competitors, show-
ing an increased interest in high cultivation, and of friend-
ly rivalry among our farmers.

Nathaniel Dole, one of our number, resigned at the out-
set; the remainder of the Committee have visited, with
two exceptions, that of Mr. Blodgett's, whose crop was
examined by Mr. Warren, and that of Mr. Faxon's, who
was not aware that it was customary for the Committee to
visit the crops, so did not enter until after the potatoes
were dug and a part of them sold, our first notice of his
entry being when we received his statement.

The other crops have been thoroughly examined by a
full committee, and we recommend the following awards,
viz. :

To Asa T. Newhall, Lynn, crop of onions, first pre-
mium, $10.00
" John H. George, Methuen, crop of onions, second

premium, 5.00

" John H. George, Methuen, crop of potatoes, first

premium, 10.00

!t Stephen A. Jaques, West Newbury, crop of pota-
toes, second premium, 5.00
" J. E.Page, Supt. Pickman Farm, crop of cabbage,

first premium, 10.00

K Daniel Carleton, Andover, crop of cabbage, second

premium, 5.00

K J. W. Blodgett, East Saugus, crop of Mangolds,
first premium, 10.00

W alter Smith & Co., Methuen, crop of turnips,
first premium, 10.00

" James Manning, Topsfield, crop of turnips, second

premium, 5.00

N Cyrus K. Ordway, West Newbury, crop of car-
rots, first premium, 10.00
" Asa T. Newhall, Lynn, crop of squashes, first
premium, 10.00
B. F. Huntington, David Warren, C. D. Ordway, A.
M. Bodwell — Committee.

STATEMENT OF ASA T. NEWHALL.

The following is a statement concerning a crop of onions
raised by Asa T. Newhall in the city of Lynn, 1886, on
84 square rods of land.

The crop of 1884 was, on a portion of the land, onions,
and potatoes on the balance. Stable manure was used, at
the rate of about eight cords per acre. The crop of 1885
was onions, excepting a small portion, which was planted
to cabbages where the onions failed to come up. Coarse
stable manure was applied, at the rate of about eight cords
per acre, being spread upon the land as teamed from the
city stables during the Winter aud Spring, the land hav-
ing been ploughed the Fall previous.

The nature of the soil is muck, which has been treated
with several dressings of sand and some coal ashes at
intervals during the past twenty-live years, being a portion
of a reclaimed meadow. It was ploughed about six inches
in depth in the Fall of 1885. The only manure used was
Ames' Bone Fertilizer, applied in the Spring on the larger
portion, and Stockbridge Onion Manure on balance, each
at the rate of one ton per acre, at a cost of $35 per ton for
Ames, and $45 per ton for Stockbridge. Harrowed in
with a wheel harrow, and smoothed with Thomas harrow,
then dragged preparatory for sowing.

Sowed middle of April, one portion Yellow Globe Dan-
vers and balance Red Globe Dan vers, at the rate of six
pounds of seed per acre. There was no perceptible differ-
ence in the crop grown on the two respective fertilizers
used ; but there was a slight difference in the crop in favor
of the Red over the Yellow variety, where both were
grown under the same conditions.

The cultivation was, hoeing live times and weeding
twice. *The product was 30,680 pounds, or 590 bushels
of 52 pounds each, on 84 square rods.

The method of harvesting was, pulling three rows to one
side, then running a scuffle over the space where pulled,

removing the scattering weeds, continuing this process
until completed.

The cost of the crop was as follows :

800 lbs. Ames Fertilizer, $14.00

250 lbs. Stockbridge Fertilizer, 5.60

Ploughing in Fall of 1885, * 1.50

Harrowing in the fertilizers, 1.50

Smoothing and dragging, 1.00

3 1-8 lbs. seed, at $2.50 per lb., 7.81

Sowing seed, .75

Hoeing five times, 4.00

Weeding twice, 10.00

Hauling and harvesting, 9.25

Topping, at 2 1-2 cts. per bu., 590 bu., 14.75

Interest, 4.00

$74.19*

I hereby certify that the land upon which grew the crop
of onions entered for premium by Asa T. Newhall, meas-
ures eighty-four rods. Feank Newhall.

Lynn, Sept. 11, 1886.

I hereby certify that I weighed the onions raised and
entered by Mr. A. T. Newhall for premium, and the total
weight after being topped was 30,680 pounds.

Lynnfield, Oct. 20, 1886. Michael Lynch.

*Note. — Product, per acre, 1123 3-4 bushels onions.

Expenses, per acre, $141 31

STATEMENT OF JOHN H. GEORGE OF METHUEN, ON
ONION CROP.

Crop of 1884 was potatoes, manured 6 cords to the acre.
1885, potatoes, manured 4 cords to the acre broadcast,
with 400 lbs. fertilizer to acre in drill. Soil, peat -mead-
ow, not ploughed for two years, cultivated twice, brush
harrowed twice, dragged ; cost of preparation, 1-2 day one
man and one horse, $1.50. Went over it twice with a
Kemp manure spreader, putting on 8 cords of compost to
the acre, worth $4 a cord -on the land. The seed was
sown April 14th, 4 1-2 lbs. to the acre of Yellow Danvers,
bought of Charles W. Mann of Methuen, at a cost of $3.50
per lb. ; cost of seeding, 1-2 day's work, 1 man, 75 cts. ;
hoed with a wheel hoe 5 times, 2 1-2 days' work, one
man, $3.75; weeded three times, 6 days' work for one
boy, $6.00; harvested in September; cost of harvesting,
5 cts. per bushel ; yield 545 bushels measured ; basket
even full weighs 52 lbs.

RECAPITULATION .

Dr.

Preparation of soil,

$1.50

Manure, 4 cords,

16.00

Seed and sowing,

8.62

Hoeing,

3.75

Weeding,

6.00

Harvesting,

27.25

Interest and taxes on land,

6.00

Or.

$69.12

545 bushels onions, at 90 cents,

490.50

Less

69.12

Balance, $421.38*

I hereby certify that I measured 1-2 acre of land planted
to onions for John H. George, to be entered for premium
with the Essex Agricultural Society.

Daniel H. Rowell.
Methuen, Oct., 1886.

*Note. — Product, per acre,

1090 bushels of onions, - $981 00

Expense, per acre, 138 24

Balance, $842 76

STATEMENT CONCERNING A CROP OF POTATOES RAISED
BY JOHN H. GEORGE OF METHUEN, 1886.

The land on which this crop was raised is a peat mead-
ow, planted for two years past to potatoes. What manure
has been used has been put into the hill, not exceeding
four cords to the acre. This year (1886), in March,
before the frost was out of the ground, I went over the
piece once with a Kemp manure spreader, which put on
four cords to the acre of barn manure (horse and cow) .
When the frost was out, ploughed in the manure, furrowed
the land, and put 600 pounds fertilizer to the acre in the
drill; dropped the potatoes, covered them by horse,
brush-harrowed them twice, cultivated them once, horse-
hoed once, and one man's work one day with hand hoe, the
only hand work done from time of planting to time of dig-
ging. The yield was 204 bushels.

Preparation of 1-2 acre of land for potatoes.

Dr.

Ploughing 1-2 day, 1 horse, 1 man, $3.00

Manure on the land, 2 cords at $6, 12.00

Furrowing, .75

100

Fertilizer, 300 lbs., 5.00

Six bu. small potatoes, planted whole, 40 cts., 2.40

Dropping and covering, with horse, 1.00

Brush harrowing twice, 1.00

Cultivating and horse-hoeing, 1.50

1-2 day's work, 1 man, .75

Digging, 4 cts. bu., 8.16

Interest and taxes on land, 6.00

$41.56

Or.

1-2 manure used, $11.00

204 bu. potatoes, 50 cts. per bu., 102.00

$113.00
41.56

Balance, $71.44

I herby certify that I measured 1-2 acre of land planted
to potatoes for John H. George, to be entered for pre-
mium with the Essex Agricultural Society.

Daniel H. Rowell.
Methuen, Oct., 1886.

Note. — Product per acre, 408 bu. potatoes, $204.00

Cost of production, per acre, less half manure, G1.12

Balance, per acre, $142.88

STATEMENT OF STEPHEN A. JAQUES OF WEST NEWBURY.
POTATO CROP.

The crop of 1885 was potatoes, sixty bushels ; no ma-
nure was used. The crop of 1886 was potatoes ; Dole fer-
tilizer, two hundred pounds to the acre, was used ; soil is
muck and peat.

101

Dug over by hand, six inches deep, $5.00 ; holed it for
the seed; cost of preparation, $3.00; Dole fertilizer,
spoonful in the hill, $3.50 ; planted May 25th, in hills ;
seed four and one- half bushels of potatoes, Clark No. 1 ;
cost of seed and planting, $8.25 ; hoed by hand once ; cost
of cultivation, $5.00; harvested the first of October, dug
by hand ; cost of harvesting, $15.00 ; amount of potatoes,
320 bushels; cost of crop, $39.75.

Stephen A. Jaques.

This will certify that I have measured one-half acre ot
reclaimed land, planted with potatoes last season by S. A.
Jaques of West Newbury.

Eobert A. Amend.

West Newbury, Oct. 16, 1886.

Note. — Product, per acre, 320 bushels potatoes, at

same value as Mr. George's, $160.00

Cost per acre, 39.75

Profit per acre, $120.25

STATEMENT OF J. E. PAGE, ON CABBAGES.

The piece of cabbage entered by me contains one-half
acre. The soil is a gravelly loam. For the past two
years the crop has been potatoes, manured with a compost
of muck, night soil and barn manure applied broadcast.
Last Fall the piece was sown with rye, which in May last
was cut and put into the silo. The land was then ploughed
and rolled, and a compost of loam, livers and halibut heads
and horse manure, was applied broadcast, and well worked
into the soil with a Climax harrow. June 11 it was planted
with Warren's Stone Mason seed, in rows three, and hills
two feet apart. Three hundred pounds of Ames fertilizer
was put in the hills. The piece was horse and hand hood
three times.

102

The cost of the crop was as follows :

Ploughing and preparing land, $3.00

Seed and planting, 5.60

Cultivating and hoeing, 13.00

Fertilizer, 5.50

Four cords of manure and spreading, 26.00

$53.10

J. E. Page, Sup't.
Pickman Farm, Salem, Oct. 22, 1886.

I hereby certify that I have this day measured one-half
acre of cabbages for J. E. Page, (Pickman Farm), to be
entered for premium in the Essex Agricultural Society.

Chas. A. Metcalf, Surveyor.
Salem, Nov. 2, 1886.

Note. — Cost of crop, per acre, $106.20.

STATEMENT OF DANIEL CARLETON, OF NORTH ANDOVER,
ON CABBAGE CROP.

The half acre of cabbage entered by me was grown on
land that had been in grass for several years. The soil
is a gravelly loam ; no fertilizer had been applied while in
grass. Sixteen loads per acre of barn manure were spread
upon the sod, last April, and ploughed under to the depth
of about six inches. The land was harrowed three times
with the Acme harrow. The rows were marked off three
and a half feet apart, and eight hundred pounds of Cum-
berland phosphate per acre sown in the furrows. The
furrows were made as shallow as possible and the phos-
phate slightly covered with the hoe. The seed was sown
by machine, May 22. About three-fourths of a pound of
Fottler's cabbage seed per acre was used. The plants
were thinned so as to stand about sixteen inches apart in

103

the rows. By having the plants stand thick in the rows
I get heads of the right size to suit my customers ; were I
raising them for Boston market I should put them further
apart. In Lawrence very large heads are hard to sell.
The piece was hoed by hand three times, and the horse
hoe used once a week until the cabbages were too large
for the team to go between the rows. The drouth affected
a part of the piece in the latter part of the season, so that
the crop did not look as well at the time of the commit-
tee's visit as it did a month earlier.

As it was impossible to harvest and dispose of the whole
of the crop in season to make a report, I followed the sug-
gestion of the committee, and measured off a half acre of
fifty rows of equal length, and then cut the cabbages from
every tenth row and trimmed them for market. From
these five rows I sold twenty-one barrels of cabbages, that
would weigh considerable over one hundred pounds per
barrel ; this would give a yield of four hundred and twenty
barrels per acre, which at the present low price of fifty
cents per barrel, amounts to $210 per acre. I intend to
keep a part of the crop a while by cutting the heads off
and laying them on grass land one head deep in the same
position as they grew, on the south side of a double wall,
and covering them with pine needles. Whether they are
worth more than present prices for that purpose remains
to be proved.

The cost of the crop per acre I make as follows :
Ploughing and preparing land, $10.00

Seed and sowing, 3.00

Cultivating and hoeing, 20.00

800 lbs. phosphate and sowing same, 15.00

Value of manure when spread, 40.00

Marketing (estimated cost at wholesale), 75.00
Interest on land, 6.00

$169.00

104

Leaving a profit of $41, at 50 cents per barrel, for the
crop. Daniel Carleton.

North Andover, Oct. 27, 1886.

STATEMENT OF J. W. BLODGETT.
MANGOLD CROP.

The following is the account of my mangold crop en-
tered for premium :

The land consists of a black loam with sandy sub-soil.
The crop grown on this land, season of 1885, was Hub-
bard squashes, manured by spreading about four cords of
glue waste to the acre, and four cords of stable manure
per acre in the hills.

Season of 1886, the land was ploughed and harrowed in
May, then manured with stable manure, about ten cords
per acre, which was then harrowed with disc harrow. It
was then ploughed in ridges twenty-eight inches apart ;
the ridges were then levelled with the Meeker smoothing
harrow. May 29th, sowed one row of mangolds to each
ridge, of the long red variety. When the plants were of
suitable size, they were thinned to ten inches apart.

Harvested Oct. 15th. *The result from one half acre
of ground was 43,875 lbs., by estimation, one sample row
being weighed.

Cost of cultivation, &c. :

Use of land, $5.00

Ploughing and harrowing, 2.50

Ridgeing and sowing, 3.50

Cultivating between plants, 3.00

Hoeing, weeding and thinning, 12.00

Pulling and topping, 10.50

Storing, 10.50

105

Five cords manure and spreading, 32.00

Two and one-half pounds seed, 1.00

$80.00*
J. W. Blodgett.

East Saugus, Oct. 30, 1886.

*Note. — Products, per acre, 87,750 lbs., or 43 7-8 net tons of
mangolds.
Expense of crop, per acre, $160 00

This certifies that I have measured a piece of land on
which J. W. Blodgett grew mangolds this season, and
find it contains one-half acre, and the mangolds to weigh
43,875 pounds, by estimation, one sample row having
been weighed. Harrison Nourse.

East Saugus, Oct. 30, 1886.

STATEMENT OF WALTER SMITH & CO., OF METHUEN.
TURNIP CROP.

The turnip crop (Ruta Bagas) was produced on one-half
acre of land, which in 1884 was in grass, run out. In
1885 the crop was oats, fertilized with 500 pounds of phos-
phate, and in 1886 one and a half cords of barn-yard ma-
nure was used.
Cost of cultivating twice with one man and

horse, 1 hour each time, 2 hours, $ .60

Thinning with 2 men, 1 day, 3.00

$3.60
Products— 232 1-2 bush. Swedes or Ruta Bagas, $104.62.

Walter Smith & Co.
As witness thereof.

Colin Whitely, Methuen, Mass.

106

STATEMENT OF JAMES MANNING, ON TURNIP CROP.

I sowed turnip seed July 28th. I dug four rows from
half acre measured, and got 32 bushels from twenty-five
rows of turnips, which would be 200 bushels in the half
acre. I put on two cords of composted manure in drill,
$21 ; seed, 30 cents, half pound ; ploughing, 75 cents ;
sowing, 50 cents ; thinning, $1 ; cultivating and harvest-
ing, $2.50. The price I am selling them for is 50 cents
a bushel— would be $100. Profit, $82.95.

Note. — Products, 400 bushels turnips per acre, $200 05

Expenses, per acre, 34 10

Profit, per acre, exclusive of land rent value, $165 90

STATEMENT OF CYRUS K. ORDWAY OF WEST NEWBURY.
CARROT CROP.

This crop of carrots I offer for premium was raised on
land that was in carrots last year. Last spring I put on
2 1-2 cords of barn-yard manure and ploughed it about
eight inches deep and sowed it to carrots. The seed was
the Danvers Long Orange of my own raising. Hoed and
weeded the crop three times during the season, and thinned
to about five inches the second weeding. Finished har-
vesting the crop Oct. 21. Weighed the entire crop on
the public scales and had 18,000 pounds.

COST OF CROP.

Manure, 2 1-2 cords,

$25.00

Ploughing and harrowing,

2.50

Raking and sowing,

2.00

Seed, one pound,

.85

Hoeing and weeding,

20.00

Harvesting,

12.00

Total, $62. 35*

107

Products— 9 tons carrots, $12 per ton, 108.00*
Less cost, 62.35

$45.65
remaining; in the land, 12.50

Allowing half the value of the manure

The result will be a profit of $58.15*

Respectfully submitted,

C. K. Ordway.

I certify that I measured the land on which the above
crop of carrots was raised and that it contained ninety
square rods, and no more.

Richard Newell.

*Note. — Crop, per acre, 16 tons carrots, $192 00

Expenses, per acre, (less half value manure), 88 62

Profit per acre, exclusive of rent value of land, $103 38

STATEMENT OF ASA T. NEWHALL, ON SQUASH CROP.

The following is a statement concerning a crop consist-
ing of Essex Hybrid and Hubbard squashes raised by Asa
T. Newhall in the city of Lynn, 1886, on (300) three
hundred square rods of land.

The crops of 1884 consisted of potatoes, followed by
squashes, on one-half the field, and sweet corn, followed
by winter rye, on balance. One application of manure at
the rate of about eight cords per acre of stable and barn-
yard manure for both crops, excepting the use of 200
pounds of Ames fertilizer per acre used in the drill for
squashes.

The crops of 1885 consisted of beets, sweet corn, fol-
lowed by barley for fodder purposes, and cabbages follow-

108

ing the removal of the rye that was sowed the Fall previ-
ous. Six cords of stable manure per acre was applied for
corn, and eight cords per acre on the portions planted to
beets and cabbages.

The soil is a dark loam with gravelly sub-soil. It was
ploughed about eight inches in depth in the Fall of 1885,
and eight cords of manure per acre applied during the
Winter and early Spring, while the frost was in the
ground, and early in April cross-ploughed from four to
five inches deep, and planted to early Sunrise and Early
Essex potatoes, in sections of four rows furrowed a uniform
width of three feet, except leaving a space of four feet
between each four furrows, to be utilized for planting the
squash later, which brought the squash rows a uniform
width of thirteen feet apart. Used 400 pounds per acre
of Ames fertilizer in the drill for potatoes, which yielded
a crop of (70) seventy barrels per acre, which were dug
and put upon the market from the 5th to the 15th of July,
at an average price of $2.75 per barrel.

The squashes were planted the 17th day of June by the
use of about two cords per acre of a compost of barn ma-
nure, night soil and meadow mud, which had received
several "turnings," and the day before using a few barrels
of ashes and also a few of air-slacked lime (two barrels
of each to the cord of the original compost) were thor-
oughly mixed through the heap as stated. The squashes
were planted June 17th, having the appearance of being
planted in drill rather than in hill, the compost being put
in hills about five feet apart, and with the hoe levelled
along the furrow, leaving a space of only about two feet
between the ends of the hills ; the seed was pricked into
the hills (in a direct line) about six inches apart. Were
cultivated once and hoed once — two hours' work cultivat-
ing for one man and horse, and one day's work for one

109

man hoeing, was all the cultivation they received or need-
ed. As the vines grew slowly the first two weeks, show-
ing a slim prospect for a crop, I pursued a course which I
have previously tried with satisfactory results, viz : sowing
turnips between the squash rows immediately after dig-
ging the potatoes, when the weather or bugs seemed to be
against the squash. The day following the sowing of the
turnips, in this instance, there was a bountiful fall of rain,
and squash and turnips soon seemed to enter into a con-
test for supremacy, with chances in favor of the former;
and while, later in the season, eveiy }^ard of land seemed
utilized by the squash crop, nevertheless, the vines being
cut severely by the early frost seemed to give the turnips
(which were still in the "race") a chance, and the present
prospect, at this date, with favorable weather a few weeks
longer, will give a fair crop of turnips.

I am undecided as to what would be considered a just
charge for the manure, under the existing circumstances,
and leave my estimate to your discretion.

I had used and sold a small quantity of the crop of
squashes before entering for premium, of which no account
has been made in the accompanying certificate of weight,
which gives what was on the 300 square rods at harvest-
ing. I have stored about one-half the crop for Winter
market.

I submit the cost of crop, as follows :
One-half the interest on land, $6.00

One-half the cost of ploughing in Fall of 1885, 2.00

One-half the cost of ploughing in Spring of 1886, 3.00
One-half the value of manure, at $6 per cord,

applied for potato crop, 45.00

Manure used in hill, at $6 per cord, for squash

crop, 22.50

Furrowing and preparation of hills, 3.00

110

Planting, 1.50

Cultivating and hoeing, 2.00

Cutting and storing, 11.00

Five pounds seed, 5.00

$101.00
Asa T. Newhall.

This is to certify that sixteen loads of squashes raised
by Asa T. Newhall of Lynn, on land measured by Oscar
Stowell, and entered for premium offered by Essex Agri-
cultural Society, weighed (38,470) thirty-eight thousand
four hundred and seventy pounds net weight.

C. M. Newhall, Weigher.
Lynnfield, Oct. 4, 1886.

I hereby certify that the land upon which grew the crop
of squashes entered for premium by Asa T. Newhall of
Lynn, measures just three hundred (300) square rods.

Lynnfield, Oct. 25, 1886. Oscar Stowell.

Note. — Product per acre, 20,517 lbs. squashes. Cost of
production per acre, §53. 96.

STATEMENT OF ANSEL W. PUTNAM.

To the Committee on Root Crops:

Gentlemen : — The experiment in potato growing, to
which I have called your attention, is one of a series, con-
ducted for the purpose of rinding, if possible, a system of
cultivation and a variety of seed, so well adapted to high,
dry land, and dry weather, as to make potato growing on
such land reasonably safe.

The land is mostly a gravelly loam, but part of it is grav-

Ill

el with the loam left out. In the spring of 1884 it was in
grass and was top-dressed with barn manure, five cords to
the acre ; was ploughed after haying and seeded with bar-
ley ; the sod was backset in December, and oats sown on
the furrows in the spring of 1885. After the oat fodder
was harvested, five cords of barn manure to the acre was
ploughed in, and barley sown for a fall crop. . In the
spring of 1886, five cords of manure to the acre was
ploughed in about six inches deep ; the land was well har-
rowed and marked out with a Chandler horse hoe, rows
three feet apart, furrows about three inches deep. In the
latter part of April one-half acre was planted with Early
Sunrise potato seed, whole, and about the size of hen's
eggs, dropped two feet apart in the row and covered with
a hand hoe, one hoe full of soil making a little mound over
each potato ; the base of the mound was on a level with
the under side of the potato, and about two inches of soil
over the seed ; when the potatoes were about coming up,
Stockbridge potato fertilizer was sifted over the mounds,
about an ounce to each, or at the rate of 400 lbs. to the
acre. Every fifth row not fertilized when the leading
sprouts were one or two inches high, sprouts, mounds and
fertilizer were covered by making a full ridge with the
horse hoe, high enough to put about five inches of soil on
the seed ; when the plants were twelve or fifteen inches
high, a narrow cultivator was run between the rows, the
horse hoe used to kill the weeds on the sides of the ridges,
and the hand hoe on the top of the ridges between the
plants.

The bugs were checked in their work by a weak solution
of Paris green, applied with the same cart, cask, force
pump and hose used for spraying apple trees.

The potatoes were harvested about the middle of July,
the land was ploughed, and one bushel of barley sown on

112

the half acre. A load weighed on Oct. 16th, (a dry,
windy day,) showed the product to be 75 lbs. of green
barley fodder to the rod, making three tons on the half
acre.

COST OF POTATO CROP.

Seed, 5 bushels of small potatoes,

$1.00

Dropping and covering,

2.00

Manure,

7.50

Fertilizer,

2.00

Ploughing, cultivating and horse hoeing,

4.00

Hand hoeing,

1.00

Killing bugs,

*1.50

Harvesting,

5.00

Kent of land,

3.00

$27.00

BARLEY CROP.

Manure,

2.50

Seed,

1.00

Ploughing and seeding,

2.00

Harvesting,

2.00

$34.50

Returns— 10 bush, potatoes, $10.00

50 " " 40.00

19 " small potatoes, 3.8C Profit,

34.30

3 tons green fodder, 15.00

$68.80

Three fourths an acre in the same field was planted with
a later variety of potatoes, original name unknown. I call
it the late Sunset ; the preparation of this land, cultivation,
&c, the same as the other. The seed was mostly good
sized potatoes, cut so as to average one oz. to a piece.

113

Cost of production, $42.75

Profits, 37.65

$80.40

RETURNS.

104 bushels at 75 cents, $78.00

12 " " 20 " 2.40

$80.40

This crop could have been sold for 80 cents per bushel
at the time they were dug, but as I prefer to hold them
for seed, I make the returns at 75 cents per bushel ; they
may or may not be worth it in the spring. The barley
sown on this part of the field being later than the other,
was about half a crop, and just about paid expenses.

Some of the conclusions to which my experiments in po-
tato growing have led are, that it is not well to plant pota-
toes on dry land, until after the sod is well decomposed
by the cultivation of some other crop. After the sod is
well rotted, the labor of growing and harvesting is reduced
about one half, and the chances for success about doubled.
Trying to subdue a witch grass or June grass sod with a
potato crop, has with me often proved to be hard and un-
profitable work. I think it best to plough in all the ma-
nure on dry land ; this gives an opportunity to get the
manure out and spread before the land is in condition to
plough and plant, and consequently we have no manure to
handle in planting time.

I make and use on 20 acres of land, about 50 cords of
manure annually; this at $8.00 a cord, makes $20.00 for
each acre. The crops on each acre are charged as part of
their cost with $20.00 for plant food each year. I
applied to this land $40.00 worth of manure each year for
three years, charging the crops with only $20.00 ; I do

114

this trusting' the grass to be grown on the land to pay the
remainder of the manure bill.

The farmer has an advantage of* the market gardener in
growing cultivated crops. The farmer cultivates for the
purpose of putting his land in good condition to grow grass,
and can safely trust the grass crops to pay a large per
cent, of the cost of manure, and also of cultivation. The
gardener, if his land is in cultivated crops every year,
must charge the crops of each year with the cost of all the
labor and manure applied that year.

I think it safer on dry land to plant two feet apart in
the row, than nearer. I think it safer to use good sized
seed, cut to ounce pieces, than to use whole seed of any
size ; there is but little danger on such land of growing
the tubers too big ; the danger is from too many small ones
which whole potatoes are sure to give, unless all the con-
ditions are very favorable. By covering each seed with a
single hoe full of soil, and leaving it in a mound, the rain
and air have a chance to warm the seed and give it a good
start ; the mounds were well tilled with roots before the
potatoes were up. I feel confident that it is better to do
all the filling up to be done before the plants make much
growth above ground ; it is much less labor to do it then,
and the branches which produce the crop begin to start
veiy soon after the potatoes are up.

The most satisfactory idea I have found, while seeking
for more light on potato growing, is the idea that a large
part of the eggs laid by the bugs can be prevented from
hatching by an early and vigorous growth of vines.

For several seasons I have planted a few early potatoes
in the garden, under conditions which made an early and
rapid growth of vines. The bugs came early, laid eggs
early — kept coming and kept laying — but not an egg
hatched before the vines were done growing, then in a

115

short time the outside leaves were well covered. My
explanation is, that only the eggs that were laid on the
outside leaves, where the heat of the sun could reach them,
hatched, and that millions that were laid in the first part
of the season, like many early set hens' eggs, did not
hatch.

I think the reason why, in the early part of the season,
the most bugs are found on the small, weak plants, is not
because more eggs are laid on them, but because all that
are laid have a chance to hatch.

I have seen it stated that some of the best potato grow-
ers about New York City have of late made it a practice
to manure heavy, seed high, and let the bugs go. I think
the reason why it is safe for them to do this is, because by
so doing they destroy many of the eggs.

To have first quality eating potatoes, a large per cent,
of the foliage must remain uninjured by bugs, Paris green
or rust, until the potatoes are well matured. When the
leaves wilt and droop they have done their work — the crop
is then in its best condition to dig ; the drying of the stalk
while yet connected with the tuber, seems to detract from
its eating qualities.

Wire worms and white grubs don't eat potatoes before
they are ripe. I suppose up to that time they live on the
green and tender roots of the plant.

The farmer needs a different variety of potato from the
one best for the market gardener. The early varieties
get ripe, the tops die, the worms begin to eat, and the
weeds get possession of the land before the farmer, who
has haying to do, can get ready to dig them.

A variety that will bear heavy seeding and not set too
many tubers, one that will grow stocky vines which will
stand up stout and strong through hot, dry weather, — one
that will grow foliage enough to completely shade the

116

ground, and thereby keep well ahead of the weeds and
bugs, — one that by keeping green and thrifty until well
into August will keep the weeds and worms in check
until the farmer is ready to harvest, — is, in my opinion,
the variety the farmer wants for a part of his crop, at
least. The Late Sunset comes nearer to what I want
a potato to do than any variety I have ever grown, but it
has some failings, and I must prospect more before I can
recommend it very highly.

The fertilizer used produced 20 bushels per acre for $10
worth used. If we trust the grass to pay one-half of the
bill, 25 cents worth of fertilizer gave a bushel of potatoes
— 10 3-4 cents worth of barn manure produced a bushel.
I have never made an experiment with a fertilizer which
has not proved our cellar manure to be worth $20 or more
per cord.

The excuse I make for callins; the attention of the com-
mittee to so small a crop of potatoes is the fact that they
were grown under conditions of drought and rust, which
caused a large part of the crops in our town to fail to pay
expenses of cultivation.

Ansel W. Putnam.

Asylum Station, Mass.

This certifies that I measured two lots of land for Ansel
W. Putnam. The lot planted with early potatoes is 20
rods long by 4 rods wide — contents 80 square rods. The
lot planted with late potatoes is 21 rods long by 5 3-4 rods
wide — contents 120 3-4 rods.

Joshua W. Nichols.

Asylum Station, Nov. 1, 1886.

117

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON ORNAMENTAL
TREES.

To the Trustees of the Essex Agricultural Society,

Gentlemen : — Your committee were duly notified by
the secretary of two entries "for the best lot of ornamental
trees" — one by Albert Emerson, Haverhill, sugar maples
on westerly side of Hilldale avenue ; and the" other by
Benjamin P. Ware, Marblehead, a varied collection of
trees situated on his farm.

They would report that they have awarded the prize of
$10 to Benjamin P. Ware of Marblehead ; and would add
words of praise of Mr. Emerson's trees, there being no
second prize.

A visit was made to Mr. Emerson's on August 11th,
where we saw a thrifty lot of sugar maples of quite uni-
form size, growing in a clay soil and under generally fa-
vorable circumstances. The committee were well pleased
with the appearance of the trees, and also that their owner
had showed a public spirit in setting them where they
were doing a double duty by increasing the attractiveness
and beauty of the adjacent lands, and also offering grateful
shade to those passing on the highway during the heat of
summer.

Mr. Emerson's appreciation of trees was shown also in
the belt of natural forest growth — chiefly oaks — which he
had preserved as a division between two fields, and as a
sheltered passage for his cows from their pasture to the
spring, which was at the farther end of the belt where it
widened into a grove. This belt was fenced in, and was
so located that the cattle passed within easy sight of the
house on their way to the water. These trees were an-
other picturesque feature, lending shelter to the animals,
and preserving a growth of woods around the spring,

118

which is the surest way of continuing its flow. Such
springs, the sources of our purest water, are too fast dis-
appearing with the increase of our population. The laying
out of roads and digging for water, gas and sewer pipes,
generally taps their underground currents and destroys
them.

Mr. Emerson's grass land and crops were looking well,
and he was justly proud of a tine half-acre of asparagus.

A most delightful drive was enjoyed, at Mr. Emerson's
invitation, to the town of Atkinson in New Hampshire,
with beautiful and extensive scenery on either side. On
the return, a brief stop was made at the farm of E. A.
Emerson, the son of our host, and the committee inspected
his "Bucanan" wind-mill, which had just been completed
to supply his barn and house with water.

Your committee would acknowledge the kind attentions
that were shown them by Mr. Emerson and his family,
which were fully appreciated.

On Wednesday, August 18th, the committee met at
Marblehead to examine the entry made by Mr. Ware.
Some of the members having arrived before the stated
time, enjoyed a pleasant half-hour along the bluft", over-
looking the beach, where a magnificent view of the ocean
was had. We also examined "Gun-rock," with its sounds
resembling the muffled explosions of cannon, as the seas
in turn advanced and broke their force in an under-cavern
of the huge rocks. A singular geological formation was
interestingly explained by Mr. Ware, with the theory of
its origin.

The committee, being soon together, commenced an ex-
amination of the trees upon the place. Several hundred
had been planted on the farm, along both public and
private roadsides, and also in groups and plantations.
These consisted of a variety of deciduous and evergreen
trees.

119

Some maples and ashes, on the side of the approach to
the house, were in especially good condition and have
probably given as grateful shade as any on the place, since
they border the roadway from the fields and railway sta-
tion to the buildings ; and who appreciates such protec-
tion from the sun more than those returning from the
scenes of bodily or mental work, on a hot summer's day?

The trees between the house and ocean were a good
specimen of what can be accomplished by planting in
groups, where the exposure is considerable, and where the
planting of the trees rather close together for mutual pro-
tection is the only way to secure mature trees.

Between the house and barns a mixture of evergreens
and deciduous trees were appropriately located on a hill-
side, and formed a useful and interesting collection.

Quite a long avenue, which divides Mr. Ware's farm
from his brother's, was lined with a row of maples on
either side, and a third row down the centre, forming a
double roadway. One side of this roadway was incom-
plete when your committee saw it, but the trees had been
set out in advance and were doing well.

We also examined a thrifty line of willow trees that had
been planted as a wind-break to a fruit orchard.

There were a large variety of trees throughout the es-
tate, and your committee saw Norway, Sugar, Sycamore,
White and Cut-leaved maples, White ash, Horse-chestnut,
Elms, Willows ; Scotch, Austrian and White pines, with
some Larch trees ; also some Thorn-acacia hedges, and
some few others.

The desirability of lessening the number of trees where
they formed rows at the side of roadways, was discussed
by your committee, both at Mr. Emerson's and at Mr.
Ware's, but shade and shelter in the heat of summer was
what these were planted for, and a continuous shadow had

120

been secured after a number of years waiting, which would
be broken by taking away every other tree for the sake of
preserving the natural form of each individual.

Where trees are planted for ornamental purposes every
other one in a row should be removed when the trees ap-
proach near each other ; and this same principle should be
followed when trees are planted in ornamental groups.

For timber, trees should be grown sufficiently near to-
gether to prevent the growth of limbs, and encourage
height and size in the trunk.

After our return to the house, having completed our
tour of inspection, we were shown by Mr. T. C. Thur-
low samples of twenty varieties of maple leaves, and their
individual characteristics were explained and discussed
with interest.

Your committee are indebted to Mr. Ware for a very
pleasant day and a most hospitable reception.

It is proper to call special attention, in this connection,
to the general object to be sought in offering these prizes
for trees. It should be to encourage people to plant trees
and to bring to public notice as many examples as possi-
ble of beneficial and successful tree planting, for forest,
shade or ornamental uses, in the hope and expectation of
inducing more people each year to plant them. The
names of those engaging in this good work should be
brought before the public for commendation.

Where such an interest has not existed I have known
of its being started, and later developed, by the receipt
from a friend of seventy-five seedling trees, sent by mail,
postage paid, for only one dollar for the whole seventy-
five. These were carefully set out as the friend directed,
and succeeded well. The recipient of these trees got
more in a similar way, and also became a good patron of
the nearest home nursery.

121

The writer has bought a number of hundred trees in
this way which have arrived in good order, and a very
small proportion have died. They were purchased of
Robert Douglas & Sons, Waukegan, Illinois ; they were
about eight inches tall, came in a slightly moist condi-
tion, and were wrapped first in oiled paper and then in
brown wrapping paper. Trees have been sent in this con-
dition from Waukegan to Australia, and grown well when
planted in Australian soil.

Farmers' Clubs, and especially Village Improvement
Societies, that desire to develop an interest in general tree
planting, should adopt some such plan as the foregoing.
Eventually we should see in our villages samples of trees
growing about our homesteads which might be novel in
the locality, and beautiful in form, foliage or coloring.

Quite a variety of trees can be thus secured, and they
are mostly the more desirable trees for general planting ;
but a few trees that can be well introduced to produce
pleasing effect in ornamental planting are also thus sent
by mail. White ash, White and Red pine, Hemlock and
Norway spruce and Catalpa are among those that the writer
has thus bought.

Trees should not be planted thickly around buildings,
to shut out the rays of the sun, which are necessary for
a healthful condition of atmosphere in our homes, in sum-
mer as well as in winter. Too many trees are as injuri-
ous as too many closed blinds to our health ; and we all
know full well what the unpleasant chill of an unused
chamber, or spare parlor is, which is kept too long shut
up or unused.

There are villages and towns in Massachusetts which
are famed for their many beautiful trees, but which are
being threatened with suspicion of malaria from the too
dense foliage that covers their roadsides and home grounds.

122

Judicious planting is beneficial, both in a healthful and
financial point of view, and should be given every encour-
agement.

Your committee were not called upon to visit any plan-
tations of six hundred or more trees, but the present offer
of the Society is wise, and it might even be well to offer
a prize for a still larger plantation, in view of the in-
creased interest in encouraging the preservation of forests
around the sources of our water supplies.

A prize for over six hundred and not over two thousand
trees might be substituted for our present large offer ; and
a prize for over two thousand trees might be added.
Probably very few would enter for the latter, but the ob-
ject is good, and good objects is what this Society seeks
to encourage.

Your committee would respectfully submit this report,
trusting that it will meet with the approval of the Board
of Trustees.

FRANCIS H. APPLETON, Chairman.

STATEMENT OF BENJAMIN P. WARE.

To the Committee on Forest Trees: —

I desire to make the following statement regarding the
ornamental trees which I offer for premium. The row of
rock maples growing along the avenue through the farm,
forty-five in number and thirty feet apart, were taken from
the woods of natural growth forty years ago, and when
set were about two inches in diameter, and cut off at an
equal height often feet from the ground. This gave them
the appearance of bare poles, and caused them to put out
branches from the top, thus adding to the beauty of the
whole row by the uniformity of their branches. These

123

trees though healthy have not made a very rapid growth,
bcins: now from twelve to eighteen inches in diameter ;
affording, however, a grateful shade in the centre of a
driveway a quarter of a mile long and thirty-five feet
wide. So beautiful is this that very many strangers are
induced to drive in and through the farm to enjoy the
shade thus afforded.

This first experience in setting shade trees proved so
satisfactory that in later years, from time to time, I have
planted some three hundred ornamental trees of various
kinds along all of the highways and railroad that pass
through or by my farm, adding much beauty to the land-
scape and comfort to man and beast that travel that way.

The grove of twenty-five trees in front of the Clifton
House, being very near the ocean, was quite difficult to
make grow, as the exposure to the severe easterly storms
and high winds is more than those trees will generally
bear. This grove was started thirty-five years ago by
planting the trees quite near together, thereby affording
protection to each other, and as they have grown, the
weak ones have been removed, following the natural law
that the fittest survive. Several varieties were here
planted, not knowing which would stand the exposure the
best. The American elm, Norway maple, Sycamore ma-
ple, English linden and Balm of gilead are now standing
in the group, all in a healthy condition, varying in size
from six to sixteen inches in diameter, and from fifteen to
forty feet in height. There were originally some Silver-
leafed Poplars nearest the ocean, which grew quite well
for a few years, but have since all died ; they were not
very satisfactory at any time, continually throwing up
suckers and showing more or less dead branches.

In the summer season the dense shade which this grove
affords is highly appreciated by the guests of the Clifton
House.

124

As an experiment, I trenched one-half of the land
where this grove stands two feet deep, supposing that it
would promote the growth of the trees, but contrary to
the opinion generally held, I never saw any favorable re-
sult from it.

I have another grove composed of sixty-five evergreen
trees, that serves as a screen for the barn and stable, and
also for a delightful shade with a pine odor which is very
agreeable to many persons. These trees were set quite
near together to afford mutual protection, and are now
from three to eight inches in diameter, and from six to
twenty feet high, all in thrifty condition. They will be
thinned out as future growth may require. Here are the
Norway, Scotch and White Pines, each of a different shade
of green, each beautiful in itself, and making a pleasant
combination of color ; especially in the winter is this at-
tractive in contrast with the barenness of the surrounding
deciduous trees and of the landscape generally.

I desire to call your attention to a row of Norway ma-
ples along the approach to the Clifton House. This vari-
ety of maple naturally forms a compact mass of foliage,
shaped like a spinning top inverted, admirable for a shade.
It is very hardy, retains its foliage quite late in the season
and turns to a beautiful yellow color in many shades as
the season advances. This row of trees, with their uni-
form shape and dense foliage, helps to make the walk to
the railroad station a luxury rather than a burden.

Along Atlantic avenue and the approach to the railroad
station and on each side of the railroad are planted White
ash, Sycamore maple, Norway maple, Rock maple and
Horse chestnut trees, thirty feet apart. These are all in
a thrifty condition, varying from five to ten inches in di-
ameter and from twelve to twenty-five feet high. These
varieties have proved hardy and well adapted to this loca-

125

tion, and to the object desired in planting, although no
variety will excel, or perhaps equal, our native Elm for
majestic grandeur and beautiful proportions.

Nearly all of our ornamental as well as fruit trees are
subject to attacks of disease or insects which mar the
beauty, check the growth, and even cause death unless
protected. Diligent watchfulness is the price of success,
here as well as elsewhere on the farm.

The Elm is subject to the ravages of the canker worm.
My Linden trees were this year badly eaten by the same or
a similar worm, and had I not sprayed them with paris
green, they would have been stripped of all foliage. The
White ash is subject to a blight in the early season, causing
black spots on the leaves, though later growth seems to
overcome it, so that the effect is not noticed.

The Norway maple is, I think, a very desirable tree, but
it is liable to be affected unfavorably by atmospheric influ-
ences. One side of mine had a brownish appearance
which came on suddenly from this cause. The Norway
maple is in danger, more than other varieties, of splitting
down where there are crotches of large limbs. When
young, care should be taken in pruning to have a main
centre trunk, instead of cutting it off and thereby causing
several main limbs to branch out. The horse chestnut is
a very beautiful tree in form, foliage, and especially in
flower. It is a rapid grower after it is well established.
But a heavy wind while the foliage is tender in the early
season will seriously mar its beauty for the rest of the
season. The balm of gilead is a very hardy, rapid-grow-
ing tree, and will probably bear exposure to the ocean
storms better than any other variety, and is very valuable
on that account. It also has valuable medicinal properties
that with many persons are the cure-all of the family and
of the neighbors. Mr. Tudor found it of great service on

126

exposed places at Nahant in forming wind-breaks for the
protection of more tender trees, and was thus enabled to
grow fruit quite successfully. But this tree is subject to
a borer that will seriously injure, if not totally destroy it,
unless protected.

The black poplar, introduced from Japan, is a rival to
this for hardiness to ocean exposure, rapid growth and
symmetrical proportion. It can be easily propagated by
cuttings, it has been fully tested in this country for some
fifteen years, and I know of no serious objections to it.
It does not sucker like the balm of gilead, silver poplar
or the Lombardy poplar that was so famous seventy-five
years ago. Take it all in all, I think it is a valuable ac-
quisition to our list of ornamental trees.

The sycamore maple is a hardy tree with me, a rapid
grower, has very beautiful leaves, grows very shapely,
has pretty and abundant blossoms, and produces abun-
dance of clusters of winged seed that add to the beauty of
the tree in the autumn. This variety is not subject to
attacks of any disease or insects that I am aware of. I
consider it of great merit.

I have in my collection of ornamental trees, Wier's cut
leaf ihaple, which, as its name indicates, has a beautiful
deeply serrated leaf, attractive by its oddity. This tree is
a rapid grower, with an abundance of long, slender
branches with a drooping habit, quite desirable in a col-
lection. Also the cut leaf weeping birch, with its beauti-
ful pyramidal form, very white bark on the trunk and
large limbs, and dark colored on the smaller branches
which droop, and so fiue, not larger than a knitting nee-
dle, that a gentle breeze will cause them to wave in a
gentle, undulating manner, making this one of the most
beautiful and attractive trees we have. It is propagated
by grafting on some strong growing birch of another
variety.

127

I have several other varieties of some merit, but not
requiring any special mention.

I have gone into some detail, hoping to enlist the atten-
tion of my brother farmers to the planting of shade and
ornamental trees about their homes, which to me has been
so satisfactory, notwithstanding the drawbacks that I have
mentioned. They do grow while we sleep.
Respectfully submitted.

Benjamin P. Ware.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON STRAWBERRIES
AND OTHER SMALL FRUITS.

Your Committee have attended to their duty, and re-
spectfully report three entries, one of strawberries, one of
raspberries, and one of blackberries, to each of whom
was awarded premiums as follows, viz. :
$10. First premium, to George G. Peirce, West New-
bury, for strawberry crop.
$10. First premium, to George G. Peirce, West New-
bury, for raspberry crop.
$10. First premium, to Benjamin W. Farnum, North
Andovcr, for blackberry crop.
Since the fruit crops of Mr. Peirce were entered, he
has died. He was a young man of promise, and greatly
interested in the cultivation of small fruits, which he did
so successfully.

Mr. Farnum commenced in a small way while a scholar
in the High school, and has both multiplied his plants and
increased his market, to a profit since.
Respectfully submitted for the committee,

Edwaiid E. Woodman, Chairman.

128

STATEMENT OF GEORGE G. PEIRCE, BREAK HILL FARM,
WEST NEWBURY.

Crop of Wilson and Crescent strawberries on 1 acre,
148 1-2 sq. rods.

Soil, gravelly loam, good corn land, sloping slightly to
the south. Plants set in spring of 1885, about the same
quantity of each variety.
Cost of preparing and manuring ground, $40 per

acre, $77.00

9000 plants to acre, about 17,440 plants, at $3

per thousand, 52.32

Planting, $6 per acre, 11.60

Hoeing, $6 per acre, 11.60

Mulching in the fall of 1885, $10 per acre, 19.40

Picking and marketing 12,304 quarts, at 3 cents, 369.12

Total cost, $541.04

First picking of berries June 12, 67 quarts ; last pick-
ing July 13th, 129 quarts.
Total picking, 12,304 quarts, at average selling

price of 12 1-2 cents, $1538.00

Less cost of crop, 541.04

Profit, $996.96

Rent of land and interest on investment not reckoned.

Note. — Crop per acre, 6381 quarts, $797.62

Cost of strawberry crop, per acre, 280.43

Profit per acre, exclusive of land reut and interest, $517.19

STATEMENT OF GEORGE G. PEIRCE, "BREAK HILL FARM,"
WEST NEWBURY.

Crop of Cuthbert raspberries on 71 1-2 sq. rods.

129

On side hill, sloping north ; soil, yellow loam, 8 inches
deep. Location favorable for snow remaining through
the winter, preventing deep freezing. Set in 1884, rows
8 feet apart, plants 3 1-2 feet in rows. Pruned to within
three feet of ground in spring, 1886.

Cost of preparing ground, plants, planting, etc.,

in 1886, . $50.00

Cost of pruning, 1886, 10.00

Cost of picking and marketing 2505 pints fruit,

or 1252 1-2 quarts, at 3 cents, 37.58

$97.58
First picking of raspberries July 12th, 110 pints ; last
picking August 5th, 90 pints.
Total picking, 2505 pints or 1252 1-2 quarts, at

average selling price of 15 cents, $187.88

Less cost of crop, 97.58

Profit, $90.30

Rent of land and interest on investment not reckoned.

Note. — Crop per acre, 2803 quarts, $420.45

Cost of raspberry crop, per acre, 218.35

Profit per acre, exclusive of land rent and interest, $202.10

STATEMENT OF BENJ. W. FARNUM, NORTH ANDOVER.

Crop of Wachusett Thornless blackberries on 20 1-2 sq.
rods of land.

Soil, dark loam, rocky subsoil, southeastern aspect.
Plants set some three years, some two years ago. Rows
7 feet apart, plants 3 feet apart in the rows. Old wood
trimmed out early in spring. Stable manure spread on

130

and cultivated in, keeping ground level. Not mulched
through the winter ; perfectly hardy.

Cost for season of 1886 :

Cutting out old wood, 2.00

Trimming during season, .75

Labor, 1.25

3 ft. manure, ■ 2.25

Picking and marketing 806 quarts at 5 cents, 40.30

$46.55

First picking July 28th.
Total picking, 806 quarts, at average selling price

about 13 1-2 cents, $110.52

Less the cost, 46.55

Profit, $63.97

Note. — Crop per acre, 6290 3-4 quarts, $849.25

Cost of blackberry crop, per acre, 364.37

Profit per acre, exclusive of land rent and interest,

REPORT ON NEW VARIETY OF WINTER AP-
PLES AND APPLE INSECTS.

In our last report we gave the history of the Baldwin
apples. It is supposed to be more than one hundred
years since they were first known, and now they are at
the head of the list of winter apples. Still we think they,
like other old varieties of winter apples, are on the de-
cline, and are not what they were many years ago. That
it should be so is not strange, as apples, when grafted, are
believed to partake more or less of the natural stock ; and
we believe, too, that varieties of apples, like other works
of nature, have their maturity and decline.

131

Many years ago the trustees of the Essex Agricultural
Society, believing that varieties of apples deteriorated and
became less productive, offered the liberal premium of one
hundred dollars for a new variety originated in this county
equal to the Roxbury russet or Baldwin.

In 1879 Mr. Alfred Ordway of Bradford presented a
new variety of apples that originated in a neighbor's wood
lot, from which he took scions and put into his own trees,
which produced the apples presented. The apples are
much like the Baldwin and about the same size. Samples
have been presented several times. Your committee did
not feel satisfied that they were quite up to the standard,
and declined awarding the premium, but recommended a
gratuity of twenty dollars, which was voted by the trus-
tees. Last fall the premium was changed as follows : one
hundred dollars for a new variety originated in this county
equal to the Baldwin ; for a new variety of like character
originated elsewhere, provided they have been cultivated
in the county sufficiently to prove them equal to the Bald-
win for general purposes, twenty dollars.

The additional premium is an improvement, as it mat-
ters not to the apple growers of this county where the ap-
ples originated, if they are productive and of good quality.
Some of our best apples are of foreign origin. The red
Astracan and Gravenstein are both of foreign origin and
of superior quality in their season. If there are winter
apples elsewhere better than we have, let us have them ;
get scions and test them. It is hoped this additional pre-
mium will induce people to make an effort for that pur-
pose.

It is not easy estimating correctly the comparative value
of different varieties of apples, as there are so many qual-
ities to be considered. The taste of the apple, their color,
their size, their bearing quality, their keeping quality, with

132

other qualities of less importance, should all be considered.
Their bearing quality is of vital importance, and most va-
rieties are very uneven.

The past autumn I visited the farm I formerly occupied.
The Baldwin apples were small and of inferior quality.
The Roxbury russet, the Hunt russet and Rhode Island
greening were of good quality and an abundant yield. The
comparison between them and the Baldwin the like I had
rarely seen before. The comparison has usually been
largely in favor of the Baldwin.

At the late fair at Newburyport specimens of the Ord-
way apple were presented that appeared well, also a speci-
men of the same fruit by Mr. A. Kimball from scions from
Mr. Ordway's tree ; also a sample of apples, without name,
from Mr. Joseph Horton of Ipswich ; another variety from
'Mr. C. M. Kent of Newbury; another specimen from J.
H. Hill of Amesbury. It is hoped that some of these
apples will be kept and presented at the trustees' meeting
in June, that their quality may be known at that time and
compared with each other. We would also recommend
that scions be taken from these trees and grafted into oth-
er trees, as one tree is not sufficient to fully test a variety
of apples.

A premium of twenty-five dollars has been offered for a
successful experiment in destroying the codlin moth, and
other worms destructive to the apple. No premium has
been called for, consequently no effectual remedy can be
expected. I have taken considerable pains to get infor-
mation from observation and otherwise in regard to the
habits of these insects, and think something might be
said that would be instructive to others.

It is often said apple insects are increasing — new insects
are appearing. How this is we are not quite certain. It
was said by a wise man of old "there is nothing new un-

133

der the sun." What then existed the like had existed be-
fore. Whether that was intended to apply to insects we
are not informed. The canker worm, the caterpillar and
palmer worm are all mentioned in scripture as destructive
insects ; whether they are the same insects now known by
these names we are not informed.

We learn from tradition that the orchards in the north
part of the county were ravaged by the canker "worm in
the latter part of the last century. In the spring of 1793
there was a late frost that killed the canker worm and
nearly all the apples, and it was thought to be a benefit
rather than a loss, as the destruction of the canker worm
would more than compensate the loss of the apples. They
appeared again early in the present century. I remember
their sad effects as is seen the present day in many or-
chards. I also remember assisting in tarring my father's
trees, which with much care proved successful. In 1815
they were again killed by a late frost. Since that time
they have appeared and disappeared, and sometimes have
disappeared without a known cause.

In tarring my father's trees we used tar mixed with
blubber to thin it, then warmed it over the kitchen fire to
have it mix and spread well. It was applied every day
late in the afternoon. More recently ink has been used,
as it could be put on less frequently and answer the pur-
pose. Still more recently a solution of Paris green and
water has been used to spray the trees that in many cases
has been successful, but caution should be used that it be
not too strong, as the foliage is sometimes injured.

Caterpillars were formerly more numerous than they
now are. It was then not uncommon to see nearly the
whole orchard stripped of its foliage by these insects, but
the like is now rarely seen.

The apple maggot is thought to be a new insect. It is

134

not so. Many years ago sweet or pleasant sour apples
appearing well on the outside, when cut open were worth-
less, but no insect visible. They are not regular depre-
dators. Some years they destroy nearly the whole crop,
other seasons they do but little or no damage. From the
outside appearance of the apple no one can tell what is in-
side. They are said to proceed from a small fly. No rem-
edy is known for their destruction.

Professor Sanborn informs us that there are many in-
sects that infest the apples. We think the apple maggot
and codlin moth are the most destructive. The codlin
moths are of foreign origin, having been brought to this
country early in the present century. They have now
spread nearly over the whole country. They are a deceit-
ful, troublesome insect. The moths fly in the night and
evening and not in the day time, and are rarely seen ;
therefore it is not easy learning all their movements.

Entomologists tell us that the moths come out in spring,
about the time the apple blossoms are falling from the
trees, laying their eggs in the blossom end of the apple.
I have never seen the little yellow eggs spoken of by Pro-
fessor Sanders in his late work on insects, but have often
seen where the worms were entering the apples at differ-
ent times from the early stage of their growth to October,
and not always at the blossom end of the apple, but on
the side or cheek of the apple. They soon hatch and en-
ter the apple, and in about four or five weeks, according
to the season, the worms are matured, crawl out of the
apples and seek a hiding place to spin their cocoon and
change to another insect as nature designed.

If the worm is matured before the apple drops from the
tree, it crawls out and seeks a place under the rough bark,
or in a crotch between two branches, or some other place,
to form its cocoon on the tree. If the apple drops before

135

the worm is matured, when matured it crawls out and
seeks a place to form its cocoon : it may be to the body
of the tree, to the stone wall, rail fence or some other
place, as most convenient.

I have repeatedly picked up the wormy apples soon
after they have fallen from the trees, cut them, and found
much the greater part without worms, they having ma-
tured, as was supposed, and left the apple to cocoon. It
thus appears that not so much is gained by picking up the
wormy apples and destroying them, as has been by some
supposed. To get further information, I picked up wormy
apples, put them into a firkin with small scraps of cloth
and covered the firkin. I soon found cocoons in the
scraps of cloth, which were removed to a glass jar. Early
in August moths were seen fluttering in the jar. Desir-
ous of more information, I wrote to Professor Sanborn of
the Historical Institution, of Worcester, Mass., now de-
ceased, a man who was known to have had long experi-
ence in studying the habits of insects, and received the
following information : The moths come out in spring
and lay their eggs as I have described ; that he had with-
in his experience of more than thirty years examined with
a microscope a large number of female moths, and found
them to contain about three hundred eggs each. They
live two or three weeks only, laying their eggs singly on
the apples. If the nights are quite cool they remain tor-
pid, do not move out, or if the weather is wet they remain
quiet ; should the weather continue cold and wet, they
sometimes die without laying all their eggs.

He also informs us that the worms propagate and sub-
sist on the following kinds of fruit : apples, pears, quin-
ces, cranberries, and some wild fruit, and these only. In
the most of our orchards apples are the only fruit pro-
duced on which they subsist. Then if there is a failure of

136

the apple crop, as there sometimes is in certain orchards,
there will be no place for the moths to lay their eggs ;
consequently there will be no worms the next year, unless
moths come from elsewhere. How far the moths will go
to lay their eggs, and whether instinct directs them to the
bearing tree, like the canker worm moth, we are not in-
formed. We have seen them when they came out of the
ground crawl directly to the body of the tree ; also when
the web of the canker worm is broken and falls to the
ground, the worm crawls directly to the body of the tree,
thence up the tree for its daily food. Now may we not
reasonably suppose that instinct directs the codlin moth to
the bearing rather than to the barren tree?

There is much difference of opinion among entomolo-
gists in regard to the habits of these insects, whether they
are single or double brooded. The fact seems to be this :
In the northern latitudes, where the growing season is
short, they have but one brood in a year. In the warmer
latitudes, like California, they are said to have three
broods in a year. In the intermediate latitudes two broods
in a year, or partially so. The early ones have a second
brood, the later ones but one brood, as may be supposed
it is with us.

I have the copy of an interesting letter from Professor
Charles V. Riley of Washington, (formerly of Missouri).
He confirms my representation that the moths appear
about the time the apples are forming, others in cool
places come out later, and others still later, so that he has
known moths of the first brood and moths of the second
brood in the same tree at the same time.

He further informs us that he has bred those moths, who
when confined would so cover the apple with eggs that
when the worms hatched, they would enter the apple from
every side, and soon so perforate and devour the apple as
to die of starvation.

137

We have been informed by Col. Wille, secretary of the
State Board of Horticulture of the State of California, that
it takes about fifty -five days to produce a generation of the
codlin moth, from the time the first generation appear on
the wing.

Here, as the weather is cooler, it may take longer, and
from my experiments I think it may take sixty or sixty-
five days to produce a brood or generation. My opinion
is simply this : They begin to appear about the time the
apples are forming, others in cool places come out later,
others still later, until the next brood appears, so that
nearly all the fall and winter apples are infested from the
second brood of moths.

We have thus, we think, given a fair description of
the habits of these insects, and hope some of our Yankee
farmers will avail themselves of the liberal premium, and
point out a plan for the extermination of these destructive
insects.

Joseph How, Chairman.

Methuen, Nov. 9, 1886.

NEW MEMBERS.

The Committee on New Members has attended to the
duty and respectfully report the following award :
$6.00. Premium, to John Q. Evans, Salisbury, for 8 new
members from Salisbury.

Other than those, who became members by rule of the
Society, a premium of $7 or upwards having been awarded
them, the new members of the Society during the year
were 8 from Salisbury, 3 from Amesbury, 3 from Lynn,
2 from Andover, 2 from Boxford, 2 from Rockport, 2
from Newburyport, 3 from Gloucester, and 1 each from

138

Manchester, Salem, Hamilton, Beverly, Lynnfield, Brad-
ford, Newbury and Topsfield.

It will be seen by looking at the list of active members
of the Society that in several places in the county the in-
crease by new members has not kept pace with the de-
crease by death, so that the membership in those places in
point of numbers is not a credit to them or to the Society.
Your Committee would therefore urge the members, es-
pecially the Trustees from those places, and from all other
cities and towns in the county, to increase the member-
ship another year. No farmer or other person interested
in Agriculture or Horticulture can obtain so good a return
for the sum invested, $3.00, making a lifetime member.

Respectfully submitted,

David W. Low, Committee.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON TREADWELL
FARM.

The farm is increasing in fertility as shown by the crops,
the plain land especially yielding better returns from year
to year. The stone wall around the field in which the
buildings stand is much out of repair. Part of it is com-
mon wall which any man can lay up ; another line is bank
wall, originally laid in mortar ; now much of it is loose
and many stones have fallen out, several gaps have ap-
peared, and the whole wall needs to be re laid. The un-
der-drain laid many years ago when Nathan Brown was
on the farm is in good order, and furnishes to those who
remember the former condition of the land drained, the
best evidence of the wisdom of the men who planned and
executed the work. The wall and fence around the pas-
ture will require extensive repairs before another season.

139

The wall was all poled when A. H. Gould first leased the
farm, but little has been done to it since. Now the poles
have decayed, the wall has been only partially put up
of late years, and a considerable outlay is required at
once. Poles enough can be cut in the pasture to do the
work. If the maples are thinned judiciously, it would be
no injury to them, and a maple pole will last many years.

The wood-wax is increasing to an alarming extent, and
the comments made by neighboring farmers are not flat-
tering to the Society. Nothing was done last year or this
to check it. The plowing done a few years ago not being
followed up, spread the plant by killing out the grass,
thus giving the wood-wax the whole ground. A much
larger area is covered by it than formerly ; it has run into
the woods and along the old walls so far that it cannot be
well cut or plowed. It is respectfully suggested that the
Society offer a premium for some effectual method of ex-
terminating the weed, the test to be applied to this pas-
ture.*

Accompanying this report is the account given by Mr.
Foster, foreman of the Pierce Farm, of the experiments
conducted by him in planting potatoes. He also gave me
a verbal account of an experiment with the Stockbridge,
Ames, and Darling's fertilizers applied to corn. A heavy
coat of manure was spread on the land and the fertilizer
used in the hill ; an equal quantity of each one being ap-
plied to different parts of the field. No difference could
be observed in the various lots, either while growing or in
the crop at harvest. This amounts to nothing as a test,
for the manure alone would have made the crop, over four
cords to the acre being used.

*Note. — The Trustees, at the November meeting, voted that
the Society insist that the tenant of the Farm be required to
cut the wood-wax when in blossom, or immediately after.

140

The amount of the crops raised on the farm is also ap-
pended to this paper, the amounts produced being given
but no prices carried out. This account was of course
furnished by Mr. Foster, superintendent of the leased
farm.

Respectfully submitted,

Charles J. Peabody,

For the Committee.

REPORT OF PRODUCE TREADWELL FARM.

25 tons English hay.

20 tons meadow hay.

7 tons stover.

18 tons rye straw.

10 tons oat straw.

1200 bushels potatoes.

175 bushels shelled corn.

100 bushels beans.

200 bushels oats.

200 bushels rye.

60 barrels apples.

MANURE APPLIED.

10 tons Darling's Fertilizer.
15 cords stable manure.

EXPERIMENT WITH POTATOES.

Ten rows planted with whole potatoes produced 38
bushels.

Ten rows planted with single eyes produced 40 bushels.

Ten rows planted with two eyes produced 42 bushels.

These were all planted in drills three feet apart ; seed
about fifteen inches apart in the drill.

141

REPORT OF DELEGATES TO FARMERS' CLUBS
AND FRUIT GROWERS' ASSOCIATIONS.

The Houghton Horticultural Society, of Lynn, has a
large number of enthusiastic members, and as a body have
acted as a City Improvement Society. They have caused
a large number of ornamental and shade trees to be planted
on many of the streets, they sometimes establish courses
of lectures during the winter, and annually hold an exhi-
bition of fruit, flowers and vegetables, continuing two
days and evenings, followed the next evening by a social
festival, with liberal refreshments. As Lynn is a spec-
ially favorable location for the growth of pears and other
fruit, their exhibitions are remarkable for the excellent
quality of the fruit shown. Many first premiums offered
by the Essex Agricultural Society are taken by members
of this society. Its influence has been very marked, by
the great advance in fruit culture and improved taste in
floriculture and arboriculture which makes Lynn appear as
a city of gardens. This is often remarked by strangers
who visit that city.

The Marblehead and Swampscott Farmers' Club has
been organized six years. It has succeeded in enlisting
the interest of nearly all of the inhabitants of the farm
districts of the two towns. Old and young, male and fe-
male, are induced to become members. The annual mem-
bership fee is 50 cents ; children under twelve, 25 cents.
The ladies of the club have formed a supplementary club
called "The Helping Hands," and they have truly proved
what their name indicates. They hold weekly afternoon
meetings at their several homes, which have resulted in
providing for two fairs for the sale of fancy and useful ar-
ticles, the products of their taste and industry. These
fairs have netted some two or three hundred dollars, and
thus they have been enabled to help out the meagre in-

142

come of the club which the small fee of membership pro-
vides. The club holds weekly Monday evening meetings
from November 1st to May 1st, which are intended to
provide for the social and educational wants of the neigh-
borhood and also for amusement. A lively interest has
been kept up, with a full attendance. The club has the
free use of a very prettily arranged hall, centrally located,
where from time to time discussions upon farm topics are
held by the members. Popular scientific and other lec-
tures are given by many distinguished gentlemen, who
kindly come for the good that they can do the club. The
younger members are encouraged to volunteer frequent
declamations, dialogues, etc., which are always welcomed
by the club. The young ladies have formed a Choral
Union, for the purpose of providing singing with piano
accompaniment as an opening exercise for the meeting.
Musical and other entertainments are frequently given by
friends of the clubs from other towns. A social picnic is
usually held in August, and the ladies of the club provide
elaborate refreshments from time to time as occasion may
require. The influence of the club has been to enhance the
much-needed social condition of the neighborhood. It
has developed and brought out much latent talent in vari-
ous directions. It has been a beneficence to the educa-
tional, social and moral standing of those communities,
probably more than anything else could have secured.

The West Newbury Farmers' Club is one of the oldest
in the county. Their fairs, usually held in September,
every other year, draw large crowds of farmers and others.
A dinner and speeches from invited guests are prominent
features of the occasion. They hold ten or fifteen meet-
ings for discussion during the year in different parts of the
town, with an occasional lecture. A visiting committee is
appointed to inspect farms and growing crops, which are

143

reported to the club, much interest is manifested, and
good results to the farmers of the town have been secured.

Newbury, Ipswich, Rowley, Georgetown, all have their
farmers' organizations for discussions, lectures and social
intercourse. They are all in a healthy condition, and the
members feel that they are benefitted by them.

Wenham has recently formed a club under favorable
auspices : discussions have already been provided" for.

The Bradford Farmers' and Mechanics' Association is
an active, healthy organization, holding frequent meetings
for discussion, and an annual picnic or steamboat excur-
sion down the Merrimac river, which is a rare social occa-
sion, much enjoyed by the families and invited guests of
the members ; and an annual festival in the winter for so-
cial enjoyment. They also hold an exhibition as often as
every second year, with great success.

The Andover Farmers' Club has been organized eight
years. They have meetings for discussion, a visiting com-
mittee to report the condition of farms and crops, and an
annual festival which is highly enjoyed by the large at-
tendance of members and invited guests.

The Topsfield Farmers' Club is not as large or active as
some others, but more interest is now manifested, and it
is hoped that the discussions that are in prospect for the
winter will give new life and energy to the organization.

The West Peabody Farmers' Club is probably one of
the most lively clubs in the county. The discussions held
at their weekly meetings are sharp and spicy. With a
tine musical company among its membership, they are
eminently social ; male and female, old and young, of the
neighborhood, are included in this club. They held their
first exhibition last September, which was a great success,
complete in all its details.

There have been organized during the past year, Gran-

144

ges of Patrons of Husbandry in the towns of Amesbury,
North Andover and Ipswich, under very favorable auspi-
ces, with good prospects of success. These are strictly
farmers' organizations, possessing all the advantages of a
farmers' club, and much more that a farmers' club cannot
have. This is the beginning, probably, of many more that
may follow when more is known of the Order of the Pat-
rons of Husbandry.

The effect of these several farmers' organizations in the
county has been very marked in the improved agriculture,
in the talent for discussion and criticism that has been
developed, and the importance and value of more careful
observation by farmers. They have proved of great as-
sistance to the mother Essex County Agricultural Society
in providing accommodations for the Farmers' Institutes
held in the past six years in different parts of the county.
And the committee feel highly gratified at being able to
report so healthy a condition of these organizations.

Benjamin P. Ware,

For the Committee.

FARMERS' INSTITUTES.

The Institutes of this Society, eight in number the past
season, have shown increased attendance and interest.
No farmer or person of other pursuits who has attended
any of these meetings need have gone away without taking
with him some new practical idea or established fact, to
be of after benefit to him in the duties of life. No person
interested in Agriculture in Essex county can afford to
miss these Institute meetings, for aside from the benefits
derived from the instructive essays and the mutual ex-
change of experiences and opinions which the discussions
draw out, the coming together from all parts of the county

145

as we do in different places, thus becoming acquainted with
each other and forming more social relations, is of mutual
benefit by expanding those sentiments which were never
intended to lie dormant in the human breast.

It should be remembered that all our Institute Meetings
are open to every person who desires to listen to or take
part in its discussions, without regard to age or sex.
There is nothing exclusive about them ; they are free to
all. Members of our Society should cordially invite their
neighbors to participate in them.

The opening essays or papers of the several meetings
have been with hardly an exception of more than usual
merit, and it is to be regretted that they cannot find room
in our annual report.

The first Institute of the season, and the 37th one of the
Society, was held Dec. 8, 1885, at the Town Hall, Ando-
ver. Seventy persons were present at 9.30 A. M., when
President Ware called the meeting to order, to listen to
George D. Forristall of Tewksbury, foreman of the State
farm at Tewksbury, whose excellent paper on "The Silo
and Ensilage" was ably discussed by Messrs. Ware of
Marblehead, King of Peabody, Gulliver of Andover, But-
ler of Georgetown, Case of North Reading, Morse of
Lowell, Evans of Amesbury, Holt of Andover, Ayers of
Methuen, Dr. Bailey, and others. At the afternoon ses-
sion, Vice President James P. King presided, and Presi-
dent Ware read an essay on "Indian Corn Culture," which
was an able and exhaustive paper. Messrs. Holt, Butler,
Gulliver, T. C. Thurlow of West Newbury, and Mr. Hil-
ton of Bradford took part in the discussion that followed.

The next Institute was intended to be held in George-
town December 29th, but a disastrous fire in that place
on December 26th caused its postponement, and its place
of meeting was changed to Methuen.

146

The 38th Institute was held at Methuen in Memorial
Hall with good attendance, Jan. 7th, 1886. The forenoon
discussion was on "The Production and Marketing of
Milk," opened by James P. King of Peabody, followed
by Messrs. Hazleton, Ware, Holt, and others. The sub-
ject in the afternoon was "Some Lessons and Suggestions
from the Farm Experience of 1885," by Hon. J. J. H.
Gregory of Marblehead, who gave a very interesting and
instructive talk on his experience and the lessons it had
taught, which brought out numerous questions and the
experiences of others.

The 39th Institute was held at Peabody Town Hall,
Jan. 26, 1886, with a large attendance. The subject of
the forenoon, "The Comparative Merits of General and
Special Farming," was ably presented by Rev. O. S. But-
ler of Georgetown, and was discussed by Messrs. Tapley
and Janvrin of Revere, Ware of Marblehead, King of Pea-
body, Chesley of Salisbury, Hon. Warren Brown of
Hampton Falls, N. H., Hill of Amesbury, and Marsh of
Peabody. The afternoon essay, "Forestry and Pasture,"
by Hon. J. J. H. Gregory of Marblehead, was deeply in-
teresting, and contained valuable facts which the after
discussion of the subject developed.

The 40th Institute was held in the Town Hall, Ipswich,
Feb. 12, 1886. Mr. Bartlett, the essayist for the fore-
noon, being absent on account of stormy weather, the af-
ternoon subject was taken up, a very instructive paper,
mostly from experience, on the question, "Is Raising
Stock and Fattening Beef Practical for Essex County ? "
being presented by Charles J. Peabody of Topslield, fol-
lowed by instructive discussion. During the noon recess
a large party visited the Ipswich Creamery, where butter
making had been commenced on the 18th of January pre-
vious, and at the time of the meeting was in successful

147

operation with a capacity of one hundred pounds per day.
For the afternoon discussion, James P. King of Peabody
was called upon to give his experience with Fertilizers,
which he did, greatly to the credit of "commercial fertili-
zers." His talk on the subject brought out the experiences
of others, which with discussions made a very interesting
meeting.

The 41st Institute was held in Memorial Hall, Brad-
ford, Feb. 26, 1886, on a day in contrast of the preceding
Institute at Ipswich, where the rain poured down, while
at Bradford a violent and heavy snowstorm greeted us,
and obliged quite a number to spend the night in George-
town on our way home, on account of non-arrival of snow-
bound train, to make connection. The meeting, however,
was a very interesting one, and well attended, considering
the storm. "The Influence of Agriculture on Climate"
was the subject of the forenoon, opened by Michael W.
Bartlett of West Newbury, with the reading of a paper of
more than usual originality and merit, and no one who
listened to it could help gaining valuable information, or
new subjects of thought. Col. John E. Russell, who was
to speak in the afternoon on "The Horse in His Relation
to Agriculture," was prevented by the storm from being
present. Dr. William Cogswell of Bradford, a well-known
lover of the horse, was called upon, and filled with credit
the Colonel's place, and his talk, with the interesting dis-
cussion which ensued, gave information of benefit to every
horse owner, including in its range the strong and weak
points of the horse's nature, physical, intellectual and
moral ; also the raising, breaking or controlling, and the
care and feed of colts and horses.

The 42d Institute was held March 16, 1886, in Grand
Army Hall, Beverly, and was opened by Baxter P. Pike
of Topsfield, on the question, "Does Agriculture Offer the

148

Same Inducements to Young Men as Other Pursuits?"
whose handling of the subject brought out such able dis-
cussion that an audience of some three hundred were
deeply interested until its close at the dinner hour. In
the afternoon, the subject of "The Potato and its Cul-
ture," was opened by Edmund Hersey of Hingham, who
gave his "lecture on the potato," which was full of inter-
esting facts and valuable information based on the results
of experiments made by him for a series of years in the
growing of this vegetable. In response to questions, Mr.
Hersey and Mr. Gregory added to the information on the
subject.

In response to a communication from the Houghton
Horticultural Society of Lynn, asking the aid of the Soci-
ety in securing the appointment of an Arbor Day, Mr.
Gregory offered the following resolution, which was
adopted :

Resolved, That it is the belief of the members of the
Essex Agricultural Society that it would be for the inter-
est of the State and greatly promote the planting of shade
trees along the highways and byways of Massachusetts to
have the first of May, or any other better day, appointed
by His Excellency Governor Robinson, as Arbor Day.

The 43d Institute was held March 30th, 1886, at Lyce-
um Hall, Salem. The forenoon subject, "The Horse in
Agriculture," was opened by Col. John E. Russell, Secre-
tary of the State Board of Agriculture, in his usual enthu-
siastic and spicy way of taking up a subject in which he is
interested, and in replying to the pertinent inquiries which
he invokes from his audience. The discussion which fol-
lowed showed conclusively that there was a difference of
opinion among the speakers in regard to the management,
care and feed of horses, some of the methods giving prac-
tical and useful information. Mrs. E. V. Gage of Brad-
ford was expected in the afternoon, to give her views on

149

"Farm and Peasant Life, as seen in short tour in Austria
and Germany," but her non-appearance caused the subject
to be changed to "Flowers," on which Prof. John Robinson
of Salem and Mrs. Maria II. Bray of West Gloucester
opened the meeting and were followed by others inter-
ested in Horticulture, which made the afternoon meeting
a pleasant and profitable one.

The 44th Institute was held April 21, 1886, on the
farm of Hon. George B. Loring of Salem, "for the exhi-
bition and trial of implements used in the cultivation of
crops." Exhibitors of ploughs could use their own team
and driver if they chose and plough as they pleased, but
not less than seven inches deep ; teams being provided on
the grounds for those who desired them. It was a perfect
day, and brought together several hundred from all parts
of the county. The judges of the merits of the machines
were each man for himself to form his own opinion of
which excelled. The display of implements was quite
large, J. L. Colcord of West Peabody and Whitcomb &
Carter of Beverly being the largest contributors, others
being Parker & Wood of Boston, George G. Creamer of
Hamilton, C. W. Mann of Methuen, E. E. Lummus of
Beverly (or Boston), C. L. Huse of Newburyport, C. H.
Thompson & Co. of Boston, Joseph Breck & Son of Bos-
ton and J. R. Whittemore of Chicopee Falls, and com-
prised implements of the best kinds for every purpose
used in the cultivation of crops.

Many of those present improved the opportunity to ex-
amine the horses and cattle in the well-ordered barns of
Dr. Loring.

Thus ended a season of successful Farmers' Institutes,
notwithstanding the inclement weather experienced at sev-
eral of them. We were fortunate in nearly all places in hav-
ing good dinners at the usual price served to us by ladies

150

of charitable organizations, thus being enabled to help
them, as well as to sit down together at the social board
near the places of meeting, and with the ladies' assistance
help ourselves to abundance of well prepared food.

David W. Low, Secretary.

POULTRY ON THE FARM.

ESSAY, BY O. S. BUTLER, OF GEORGETOWN.

That poultry raising, is naturally an important depart-
ment of agricultural industry, no one can doubt ; notwith-
standing very many persons are engaged in poultry raising
who have no interest in common with farmers or farming,
still it remains a fact that no farm is quite complete with-
out its well-arranged poultry yards. But this industry is
subject to the same fluctuations as any and all other busi-
ness, sometimes reaching the highest standard of volume
and profit, and then dropping down to the lowest point of
remunerative profit, because the business is overdone and
poultry and eggs become a drug in the market. But these
fluctuations are felt more by the fancy breeder or special-
ist than by the ordinary farmer who raises about the same
number of chickens every year, and supplies his customers
with new-laid eggs and clean, toothsome poultry at about
the same price from year to year.

The facts and opinions that follow in this discussion are
the result of many years of experience, and of very close
and careful observation made during the last year, by vis-
iting the large poultry yards of this and other states, and
by conversing with their proprietors in a friendly way.

The first question that will naturally arise in the minds
of persons contemplating the poultry business as a pro-

151

spective industry will be, "What kind of fowls shall we
raise?" Well, my friends, that depends upon what you
intend to do, and how much you know about the business,
and how much money you wish to invest. If you wish to
go into the breeding of fancy stock, and get your profits
from the sale of birds straight bred and properly mated,
with the requisite number of points in feather and form,
or if you wish to dispose of your eggs for hatching pur-
poses, then I would say to you, take any of the standard
varieties, it makes no difference which, build your houses
and yards on the most approved plan, without regard to
cost, put into your buildings all the modern appliances
that have been thoroughly tested for the artificial raising
of poultry, such as incubators and brooders, with the
means for heating your buildings and the cooking of food,
and if you do not understand the business very thoroughly
yourself, then employ some one that does, to assist you in
starting your operations, then advertise your business very
extensively in several of the poultry journals of the coun-
try, (advertising is a trade by itself), then attend all the
poultry shows within your reach, exhibit your birds to the
best advantage, take the first premiums if you can, and
you will make money if you have pluck and patience.

What will it cost to commence in this way? Well, if
you do not wish to raise more than one thousand chickens
a year, and have your land, it will not cost more than one
thousand dollars, that is, if you are not extravagant in
your outlay, but if you get the best of everything, and hire
the most of your work done, then you can double the
amount before you will begin to realize anything from the
sale of eggs or birds.

But if you are a farmer or mechanic, and wish to raise
and keep from twenty to one hundred fowls, deriving your
profit from the sale or use of eggs and poultry at the or-

152

dinary price, after supplying your own table with the best
you have, then I should say, select any one of the ap-
proved breeds of Asiatic fowls, and in most instances, a
cross between these and the Plymouth Rock or Leghorn
will improve them both. I have found the best results by
crossing the Light Brahma with the Plymouth Rock, real-
izing more pounds of eggs and poultry, and of a better
quality, than from any other breeds. These fowls are more
easily housed and yarded, are good growers, and usually
are very hardy and healthy.

We should advise you to raise your chickens in the nat-
ural way. While the modern incubator and brooder is a
success in the hands of an expert who has plenty of time
and a natural taste for that business, the practical farmer
or the working mechanic has no business with them unless
he wishes to experiment with them at great cost of time
and temper, to say nothing of money.

The best time to hatch your chickens is in March or
April. It is a great mistake to suppose that chickens
leaving the egg in June or July will do better than earlier
in the season. We have found that chickens hatched in
March or April are more hardy and free from vermin than
those that come later in the season, and besides this, your
chickens will mature earlier in the season, realizing a good
price for all the male birds you may wish to dispose of,
leaving your pullets all ready to drop their first egg in
September, when by judicious feeding, you can keep them
laying until New Year's day, covering just the time when
eggs bring the highest price. Then they will commence
laying again about the middle of February to give you
eggs for hatching.

The best feed for poultry is grain of all kinds, supple-
mented by meat scraps, ground bone and sea shells. Fish
waste is excellent for a change. You should not permit

153

your fowls to devour all the filthy oftal that is thrown
from your kitchen. They will eat it if they can get it.
But good clean food means good clean eggs and poultry
for your table or the market.

The most important time to give special attention to the
feeding of your poultry is when they are chickens. I
have seen many a brood of fine fowls, well kept and well
fed, but giving no eggs in return, for the simple reason
that their diet was entirely neglected when they were
chickens. If you would have your fowls commence drop-
ping their eggs when they are six months old, and con-
tinue through the year with short intervals of rest while
moulting, then you must commence to feed them on egg-
producing food when they are very young, so that when
they are six months old, their whole body will be "perme-
ated with egg-producing properties, and then they cannot
help laying a bountiful supply of rich, clean eggs. Our
rule is, not to give our chickens any food at all till they
are two days old. Then we give them a small feed of
boiled eggs cut fine, or bread crumbs, if convenient.
Soaked crackers are good. We follow this by giving them
a feed of dough made of oat and corn meal mixed. We
use no other meal on our premises but oats and corn ground
together in equal parts. We have used it for hogs, horses
and hens for more than thirty years, and consider it the
best. When our chickens are from four to five weeks old,
we begin to give them whole grain, or broken wheat and
oats. Our regular bill of fare is as follows : In the
morning, a warm mash of meal and cooked vegetables ;
at noon, a good generous feed of oats ; and at night, give
them all the whole corn they will eat. We like to have
them go to their roosts with a full stomach. One of the
most important articles of diet for poultry is vegetables.
They need, and will devour a very large amount of vege-

154

tables at any and all seasons of the year, and at all stages
of their growth. When your chickens are two weeks old,
they will relish a little green grass, or potatoes chopped
tine. Every farmer should cut and stow away a sufficient
amount of vegetables in the fall, for winter use. Cab-
bages, potatoes and turnips are excellent. And that there
be no waste, we keep an old tray and knife, and chop our
green food fine. The parings from fruit and vegetables,
even cabbage stumps, are relished by them on a cold win-
ter day. When your supply of vege tables is all exhausted,
then you can fall back on your haymow. One hundred
fowls will eat one-half ton of clover hay in five months'
time, and it will do them good. The best way to prepare
it for use is to take your hay (second crop is best) and
run it through the hay-cutter, and then put it into a box
or firkin, then sprinkle it over with hot water, cover the
vessel tightly, and in two hours' time take on° the cover
and see how quickly they will devour it. They will leavo
all other food for this. Every mechanic should cut the
fine, short grass that grows around the house or yard,
cure it, and store it away for winter use, if he would
please the inhabitants of the poultry house, and it would
improve the appearance of his dooryard as well as furnish
toothsome food for his fowls.

The next question in order of special interest to the
poultry grower is as to what kind of a house does he need.
Well, that depends upon what you want to do. If you
want to keep only a few fowls for your own use and plea-
sure, then you will spend as much for beauty and orna-
ment as you do for real use, only remembering that twelve
fowls require about a twelve foot square room. The
cheapest and most convenient poultry house that we have
ever seen was built of 3x4 joist for a frame and covered
with matched boards. The roof and walls were covered

155

with tarred paper, and when dressed with a coat of coal
tar, was rendered entirely impervious to the atmosphere
or storm, and will last for many years. They were built
about ten feet wide, shed roof, the front posts about seven
feet high, the back posts about live feet high, the front
facing the south, and lighted with one common size win-
dow about every twelve feet. Most of our modern poul-
try houses have too much glass, giving too much heat at
midday and too much cold at midnight. The extremes
are too great even with the above described windows.
They should be protected by tightly fitting shutters on
cold winter's nights.

The most important matter in connection with your
poultry house is ventilation. No animal on your farm
needs so frequent a change of air as your poultry. Some
persons advocate taking the impure air from the bottom
and others from the top of the house. We do not think
it makes much difference which method you adopt, if you
have your arrangement under perfect control and easily
regulated. Some poultrymen prefer a ground floor, oth-
ers prefer a board floor, and others still prefer a cemented
floor. For ourselves, we prefer a tight board floor for
our house, with a chance for the chickens to get at the
ground through a run into the yard, if they desire to.
The advantages of the tight board floor are, it can be kept
clean and dry. Dampness is death to young chicks. You
can cover it with sand or other absorbents, as you wish.
Your chickens are entirely protected from rats, skunks or
weasels. The cemented floor has these advantages, but it
costs three times as much as the board floor. Such a
house as I have described will cost about one dollar and
fifty cents per running foot. If you can perform the work
yourself, you can reduce the cost one-third. We have
seen these houses built nearly two hundred feet long, and

156

divided into separate apartments of about twenty feet in
length by wire netting. If you have an old building that
you wish to convert into a poultry house, you had better
fumigate it well by burning saltpetre and sulphur, and
then ceil up the inside tightly with matched boards, giv-
ing a smooth surface for your paint or whitewash.

The one great enemy to your chickens, young or old, is
vermin. Of these there are two kinds. It is as natural
for poultry to generate or breed vermin as it is for .them
to eat, and many a fine brood of fowls is rendered entirely
useless by these pests of the hen-house. What are the
remedies or disinfectants? Well, we prepare our nests
for setters or layers as follows : We put a little salt hay
into the box after saturating it well with kerosene oil,
then we fill the boxes as full as is necessary with pine saw-
dust or shavings. These are excellent disinfectants and
absorbents as well. Then we occasionally sprinkle the
boxes with dry sulphur or carbolic acid. We use a great
deal of carbolic acid about our nests and roosts. We give
our fowls the means to take a dust bath in coal ashes or
road dust, which is equally as good, and then, as often as
twice a year, we fumigate our houses by burning sulphur
and saltpetre in them with the doors and windows closed
tightly. No vermin can live one minute in that sulphur-
ous odor.

The next question that will arise in the minds of those
contemplating this business prospectively is, will it pay?
after doing all this, will it pay? We think it will ; taking
one year with another, we think it will pay you better
than any other industry connected with farming, with the
same amount of capital invested. If any man tells you he
can make a profit of four or five dollars per year on every
hen, and forty dollars apiece on every duck, you may
make up your mind that he has a secret that the ordinary

157

farmer does not possess. But we feel very confident,
after keeping an account with our poultry yards for some
time, that when grain is worth sixty cents a bushel, you
can make poultry for about seven or eight cents a pound,
and eggs for about ten cents per dozen, giving you from
one dollar and fifty cents to two dollars profit on every
fowl, if you manage shrewdly and economically. In this
calculation we reckon the manure as compensation for
your labor.

Is it profitable to raise ducks ? Of this you must be
your own judge. All that we have said in regard to
chickens will hold true in regard to ducks. They need
the same treatment and attention as chickens. They need
a little more feed. They will eat more. But they do
not need any more water than chickens. They will do
better on close confinement than chickens. If you have a
good market, try the ducks. The Pekiu duck is our fa-
vorite.

How about turkeys? Well, I should not touch them
until they are well cooked and on the table. There is no
profit in raising turkeys in Essex county as a business, and
they are too costly an ornament for the ordinary farmer.

THE KITCHEN GARDEN.

ESSAY, BY M. B. FAXON, OF SAUGUS.

It seems as if enough had already been said and written
urging every farmer to have a kitchen garden separate
from his crops which are grown for sale ; but observation
will show that not one farmer in ten does have a garden
that is entitled to be called such in every sense of the
word. It is my intention in this essay to try and explain

158

what can be raised in a garden of suitable size to supply a
family of ten persons, and what such a garden will cost.

A garden containing one acre, and even less space, will
amply supply ten persons with all the luxuries of the sea-
son, and as most farmers can spare that amount of land as
well as not, we will take one acre as a basis.

In order to cultivate vegetable products in a satisfac-
tory way, proper attention must be given to the prepara-
tion of the soil. Having selected the location, the first
step is to see that the ground is properly drained, so that
all surplus and stagnant water which may accumulate can
pass freely away. After this has been effected, the ground
should be trenched as deep as the nature of the soil will
admit, and thoroughly enriched with plenty of good ma-
nure.

Our acre is now ready to plant, and we will say that
it is April 1st.

Suppose the piece to be oblong in shape, say one hun-
dred feet wide by four hundred and thirty-six feet long ;
which divided into rows will give one hundred and nine
rows, each row one foot wide, (that is, the surface upon
which the seeds or plants will be placed), and one hun-
dred feet long, with three feet between each row, ample
space for horse cultivation.

I will now mention the varieties of vegetables suitable
for the kitchen garden, Avith short hints for their culture ;
leaving the number of rows planted of each sort, date of
planting and ripening, yield, etc., for a concise table at
the end of the essay.

Peas.

The pea comes earliest to maturity in light, rich soil.
For general crops, a deep loam or a soil strongly inclining
to clay is the best ; for early crops, mild manure, such as
leaf-mould, should be employed. Plant as early as the

159

weather will permit, in well-prepared soil, and cover two
or three inches deep ; if the surface of the ground should
become "crusty," a good raking just as they break ground
will be very beneficial. For a continuous supply during
the season, make plantings from early in April until the
last of June ; then sowings should be discontinued until
the middle of August, when an extra early sort (Bliss's
American Wonder is good for this purpose) will some-
times produce a good crop. For first early, Bliss's Amer-
ican Wonder and Early Daniel O'Rourke will be found
both prolific and of good quality ; for general crop, Mc-
Lean's Advancer, Yorkshire Hero and Champion of Eng-
land still lead. One quart of peas will plant one hundred
feet of drill.

Beans.

Under this head I shall describe two varieties, Dwarf
or Bush and Pole or Running.

Dwarf or Bush Beans, although more hardy than Pole
Beans, should not be planted before settled mild weather.
They do best in warm, light soil, but will flourish in al-
most any soil or situation, unless it be shaded or very
wet. Plant in drills three to three and one-half feet apart,
and, for thickness in the row, one quart will plant about
one hundred feet of drill ; cover two inches deep. Never
disturb the vines when moist, or the pods will become
rusty. For succession, plant from early in May until the
last of August. Golden Wax, Dwarf Horticultural and
Early Long Yellow Six Weeks are the cream of the dwarf
varieties for snap beans ; Dwarf Horticultural is also an
excellent shell bean.

Pole or Running Beans, as a class, are less hardy than
the Dwarfs, and are not usually planted so early in the
season. From the 20th of May until the 1st of June is
about the right time. The hills should be three or three

160

and one-half feet apart each way ; three good plants in a
hill are enough, as these beans need plenty of light and
air to do well ; cover two inches deep. The poles should
be firmly set before the beans are planted, and the earth
slightly raised around them. The maturity of some of the
later sorts will be hastened by nipping off the runners
when they have reached four or live feet in height. One
quart will plant about one hundred and fifty hills. Limas
and Seivas, being very tender, should not be planted be-
fore the ground is warm and mellow, say about June 1st.
Large White Lima, Seiva or Small Lima and Pole Horti-
cultural are the best shell beans, while Indian Chief Pole
is an excellent snap bean.

/Sweet Corn.

Corn requires a good soil and a warm situation. Com-
mence for first early by planting the early varieties about
May 1st ; and if a continuous supply is wanted all sum-
mer, make plantings about two weeks apart from May 1st
until the last of July, first planting early varieties, then
later ones. Plant in rows three feet apart, and make the
hills about the same distance apart in the rows. Five
kernels in the hill are plenty. Cover about one inch deep
for early, and a little deeper for late ; thin to three plants
in a hill. The following varieties are first-class in every
respect : early varieties, Extra Early Marblehead, Early
Minnesota and Early Crosby ; for general crop, Potter's
Excelsior, Burr's Mammoth and StowelPs Evergreen.
One quart will plant about one hundred and fifty hills.

Beets.

The soil best suited to the beet is a deep, light and rich
sandy loam. For early beets, the seed should be sown
about the middle of April, or as soon as the ground is in
good working condition, in drills twelve to fourteen inches

161

apart, and thinned to ten inches apart in the drills. For
winter crops, the 1st of July is about the right time to
plant, perhaps a little earlier ; have the drills the same
distance apart as for early beets, but do not thin to
more than four or six inches apart in the drills, as, the
weather being warmer, they will grow as well at this sea-
son as early ones grow in April thinned to ten inches apart.
Cover the seed one inch deep. Early Bastian and Dew-
ing's Early Turnip are the standards for early and late
crops. Beet tops are very popular as greens, being very
tender, and when cooked are preferred by many to spin-
ach or dandelion. One ounce will sow fifty feet of drill.

Cabbage.

All of the varieties are propagated from seed sown an-
nually. For early use, sow about February 15th, in the
hot-bed, green-house, or in a box in a sunny window, cov-
ering the seed about one-half of an inch deep ; the plants
will be ready to set in the open ground about April 20th,
before which time they should be transplanted, in order to
make them stocky. Cabbages grow best in a rich, loamy
soil, which should be prepared by very heavy manuring
(as high as twenty cords per acre being used with profita-
ble results by market gardeners) ; lap two furrows togeth-
er about three and one-half feet apart, and beat them
down nearly level with the fork. Set the plants twenty-
two to twenty-four inches apart, according to the quality
of the land. It takes about six thousand plants to set an
acre. A handful of wood ashes thrown into the forming
heads will not only keep off the cabbage fly, but will also
assist the growth of the plants to a considerable extent.
For late crops, sow from the 1st to the 20th of June in
the field, or in beds so as to transplant. If planting the
seed in hills, thin to the same distance as for early ; if

162

transplanting the plants from the seed-bed into the field,
set the same distance (many set thicker, but just as much
cabbage can be raised from the same piece of land by rais-
ins: large heads as small ones, with less labor of cultiva-
tion). Late cabbages do not require as strong land as
early ones. Henderson's Early Summer, Fottler's Im-
proved Brunswick and Stone Mason Drumhead are all
good varieties.

Carrots.

A good, light and well-enriched sandy loam which is
very finely pulverized will grow carrots to perfection.
For early crops, cover one-half of an inch deep, and
thin to six inches apart in the rows ; for late, cover three-
fourths of an inch, and thin to four inches. A good strain
of Dan vers Half-Long Carrot is best for general use.
( Jarrots should be planted about May 1st.

Cucumbers.

Cucumbers in the open ground should be planted about
June 1st, in hills six feet apart, and thinned to three
plants in a hill. Manure used should be old and fine ; or
still better, plant on land from which a crop has been
taken which was heavily manured for that crop. Plenty
of water is the most important point. A sprinkling of dry
plaster will keep off the striped bug. Improved White
Spine and Long Green Prickly for the table, and Boston
Pickling for pickles, are leading kinds.

Lettuce.

'Lettuce is well known as furnishing, among its varieties,
the best vegetable of the salad kind grown in the open
garden ; it is also grown largely under glass, hundreds of
acres being devoted to growing this crop in this country
alone. It requires a rich, moist soil, and, to be crisp and

163

tender, needs to be grown in cool weather. Plant in rows,
and cover the seeds one-fourth of an inch deep, and thin
out the plants to twelve inches apart. If plants are used,
set them twelve inches apart. Lettuce plants are grown
about the same as cabbage plants, a full description of
which was given in the first part of this essay. For New
England, the Black Seeded Tennisball for solid heads and
the Boston Fine Curled for a curled lettuce, are both very
fine.

Onion Sets.

Sets are small onions which produce early plants for
salad or large bulbs for table use* much earlier than they
could be grown from seed. They should be set out about
April 20th and covered two inches deep. When the tops
have died (about the middle of July), the sets should be
gathered and spread thinly, in a dry, cool place. I es-
pecially recommend them for small gardens, and those
wishing a few early onions. There are White, Yellow and
Red Onion Sets, but the White are by far the best, being
of good quality and mild flavor.

Parsnips.

Sow as early in the spring as the weather will permit,
iu rows, covering the seed one-half of an inch deep ; when
well up, thin out to five or six inches apart in the rows.
Parsnips are improved by frost ; and it is a usual custom
to take up in the fall a certain quantity for winter use,
leaving the rest in the ground until spring, to be dug as
required. Aside from the value of the parsnip as a table
vegetable, it is one of the best roots for cultivation for
farm purposes, furnishing a very nourishing food, partic-
ularly adapted to and relished by dairy stock. The Long
Smooth White is the favorite for general use ; roots long
and smooth, very productive, and an excellent keeper.

164

Potatoes.

The potato can be grown with varying success on soils
of all kinds and in all conditions of fertility. Pasture
lands or new land with the turf freshly turned, produce
the most abundant as well the most certain crops. On
heavy soils, and land that has been long under cultivation,
it is apt to be diseased and of inferior flavor. Plant in
rows three feet apart, so as to cultivate with horse, and
drop the seed ten or twelve inches apart in the rows ; cut
to two eyes, with a good amount of the potato around
same, so that the young plants may have plenty of nour-
ishment until the roots get well established. Phosphate
wrill grow a good crop of smooth, fine-flavored tubers,
when barn-yard manure would cause them to become dis-
eased. Cultivation should commence as soon as the young
plants are fairly above the surface of the ground, and con-
tinue until the appearance of the blossoms, when no fur-
ther attention will be required till harvesting time. At
each successive hoeing, gather the earth about the plants,
adding a little each time, for support, and also to develop
the side shoots. When the bugs arrive, use Paris green ;
one or two applications will destroy them. I consider the
following varieties the best for general cultivation, and in
the order named: Early Beauty of Hebron, Early Rose,
Clark's No. 1 and Pearl of Savoy.

Radish.

The radish will thrive best in rather light soil, and to
be crisp and tender, needs to be grown quickly. For
early spring use, sow in hot-beds about January, and ev-
ery ten days or so make fresh sowings. For summer use,
sow in drills in the open ground as early as possible (the
ground needs to be pretty dry and warm), and thin to two
or three inches apart ; if a continuous supply is wanted

165

through the season, make sowings as above every ten clays
or two weeks. The French Breakfast and Early Long
Scarlet are both excellent sorts.

Squash.

The squash is a tender annual, and should not be planted
until all danger from frost is passed, and the ground is
warm and settled ; as aside from the tender nature of the
plant, the seed is liable to rot in damp, cool weather.
The hills should be nine feet apart each way, and thor-
oughly manured. Slightly elevate them, and on this
place seven or eight seeds, so as to have plenty for the
bugs. The bush varieties, such as Summer Crookneck,
AVhite Bush Scollop, etc., may be planted a little nearer
together. Press the seeds down tirmly before covering,
and cover early planted ones one inch deep, and late, one
and one-half inches. Ground plaster is about as good an
article as has yet been found for keeping off the bug.
Plant Early Summer Crookneck and White Bush Scollop
for summer use ; Boston Marrow for fall ; and Hubbard,
Essex Hybrid and American Turban for winter.

Tomato.

Tomato plants should be set out about June 1st, in rich
soil, the plants being set five feet apart in the rows. Their
cultivation is very simple ; make them very rich and keep
them free from weeds seems to be about all that is re-
quired. Just before frost, take up the vines, and place
them in the cellar with plenty of earth around the roots,
and what tomatoes have not been picked (that are fully
grown) will ripen. The favorite varieties are Acme, Liv-
ingston's Perfection, Cardinal and Emery ; I should have
said the above four varieties are favorites, as there are so
many good tomatoes that it is very difficult to make a se-
lection.

166

Turnip.

The turnip is propagated from seed, and should be
planted where the plants are to remain, as they do not suc-
ceed well when transplanted. Sow for early crops as soon
as the ground can be made ready in the spring, in good,
rich soil, in rows three feet apart, and thin out according
to the variety. The principal trouble in planting turnips is
that of getting them so thick that it makes a great deal of
labor in trimming. The Swede turnips are planted later,
about June 1st ; while the Purple Top varieties may be
planted either early or late, and as late as August 15th, a
f>-ood crop of them may be secured. The Sweet German
turnip is an excellent sort for winter, and should be
planted about June 20th to July 1st for the best results.
This turnip is also called the Cape turnip, and is raised
extensively on Cape Cod, Mass.

Farm Account.

The following table gives an exact account of my garden
of one acre ; showing dates of planting and harvesting,
cost of production, etc. It will be remembered that we
divided this acre into one hundred and nine rows, each
row one hundred feet long :

167

O ^j

^, CO

ri CO

s =

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••a} co

1 quart.

2 quarts.
1 pint.

1 pint.
1 ounce.
1-2 pound.
1-2 pint.
5 bushels.
400 plants.
1 quart.
1 quart.
1 ounce.

1 pint.
1 pint.
1 pint.
1 pint.

1 pint.

2 doz. plants
1 ounce.

1-4 pound.
14 pound.
1 quart.

o
H

2 1-2 bu. pods.
2 bu. pods.
2 bu. onions.

1 1-2 bu. pods.

2 bu. pods.

2 1-2 bushels.
28 bushels.
145 ears.

92 bushels.
200 good heads.
1 1-2 bu. pods.

3 bu. pods.
68 squashes.

252 ears.
210 "
275 "
250 "
280 "

7 bu. ripe, 3 bu. green
300 cucumbers.

8 1-2 bushels.
17 bushels.

1 1-2 bu. pods.

Finished

H'rvest-

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Pea, Early Daniel O'Rourke,
Pea, Bliss' American Wonder,
Onion Sets, White,
Pea, Abundance,
Pea, Everbearing,
Carrot, Danvers,
Parsnip, Long White,
Sweet Corn, Early Cory,
Potato, Early Beaut}' of Hebron
Cabbage, Stone Mason,
Pea, Stratagem,
Bean, Dwarf Golden Wax,
Squash, Summer Crookneck
Sweet Corn, Moore's Concord,
" Burr's Mammoth,
" Stowell's Evergreen,
" Black Mexican,
" Early Minnesota,
Tomato, Emery,
Cucumber, White Spine,
Beet, Dewing's Turnip Blood,
Turnip, Purple Top,
Pea, Bliss' American Wonder,

168

Summary.

Total cost

of seeds and plants,

$10.93

« «

manures,

30.00

tt ft

planting,

20.00

ft ft

summer cultivation,

15.00

tt tt

harvesting,

10.00

Interest and taxes,

6.00

$91.93

You will notice that there is no winter squash in the
list, but families that wish for it can substitute winter
squash for potatoes or parsnips; in other words, change
the list to meet your own wants.

The above quantities of vegetables will supply a family
of ten persons one year. Now if $91.93 will supply ten
persons with vegetables for one year, then one-tenth of
$91.93 must supply one person one year; and it seems to
me that $9.19 for vegetables for one person one year is
cheap enough.

STATEMENT IN REGARD TO SHEEP
HUSBANDRY IN ESSEX COUNTY.

To the President of the Essex Agricultural Society :

You will find enclosed my Sheep Report for 1886.
You are at liberty to use it in any way you see fit.

These sheep were bought at the Watertown market and
were culled from flocks from Maine, Canada and Ver-
mont. Some of them were old and diseased, in conse-
quence I lost 30 head by disease, and 12 were killed by
dogs. The increase from the 400 was about 500. I have
no doubt that a flock of fine young ewes would pay a
profit of $4 per head.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

W. W. Foster.

169

SHEEP ACCOUNT.

Dr. 400 sheep, bought in January, 1886, at a

Cr.

cost of

$1700.00

50 tons meadow hay, at $10 per

ton, 500.00

100 bushels corn, at 60 cts. per

bushel, 60.00

100 bushels oats, at 40 cts. per

bushel, 40. 0C

Care of sheep, one man one y(

jar, at $30

per month,

360.00

Pasturage,

100.00

Shearing,

40.00

Total,

$2800.00

350 lambs, average price $4,

$1400.00

200 sheep, " $4,

800.00

2200 lbs. wool, at 21 cts.,

462.00

40 pelts, at $1,

40.00

50 cords manure, at $5,

250.00

300 sheep and lambs on hand,

1200.00

Total,
Peirce Farm, Topsfield, Jan. 1, 1887.

$4152.00

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON ESSAYS,
REPORTS AND STATEMENTS.

The Committee designated to award premiums for Es-
says, Reports and Statements have taken pleasure in the
performance of their duties, because the papers submitted
to them this year have seemed to them to be specially
meritorious, and to fill the conditions imposed by the
Society. Papers upon agricultural topics contain neces-
sarily more or less matter which is not new, and as they

170

are written usually by persons who are not professional au-
thors, they are not always "presented in a form worthy of
publication," as required by the rules. But the Committee
had little chance for criticism in this respect the present
year. They are gratified to be able to make this state-
ment, because they believe that good essays and good re-
ports are the most attractive features of the "Transac-
tions." They hope to receive more essays another year,
as they are confident that many members of the Society
could furnish, from their large experience and from their
thought, many facts and suggestions which would enrich
the Society's annual publication.

The Committee have awarded the first premium of $15
to O. S. Butler, of Georgetown, for an essay entitled
"Poultry on the Farm." This is an excellent paper, full
of practical matter, and entertaining suggestions which
seem to be pertinent and useful. The subject is a good
one, and is receiving more and more attention each year.

The second premium of $10 has been given to M. B.
Faxon, of Saugus, whose essay on "The Kitchen Garden"
will be read with interest. The ideal garden which he
lays out is, as we understand, substantially a description
of the author's own garden in Saugus.

In the matter of reports, the Committee's attention was
given to an excellent report on "Ornamental Trees," by
Francis H. Appleton, of Peabody, and to him they award-
ed the first premium of $10. To some very utilitarian
minds this subject may seem fanciful, and they may con-
sider that those who assign it a place of little or no im-
portance are not mistaken. But those who think that
pleasant surroundings, agreeable prospects and grateful
shades have a value as real and as measurable as anything
else, will agree with the Committee in placing it in the
front rank of topics for discussion.

171

Another very excellent report was submitted to the
Committee, on "Root Crops," written by B. F. Hunting-
ton. If there could be two best reports, we might rank
this with the other. The author has evidently expended
much time and money in visiting the farms of Essex
county, and he brings in good accounts of their condition
and what has been done thereon during the past year.
All practical cultivators will peruse this report with avid-
ity, and will derive much information and many sugges-
tions therefrom. Mr. Huntington has been awarded the
second premium of $8.

The third award of $6 has been made to Joseph How,
of Methuen, for a report on "New Apples and the Codlin
Moth." Both of these subjects are important to farmers
and the public, and perhaps no one has given more atten-
tion to them for many years than Mr. How. The results
of his observations and studies are given in this report,
which the Committee are pleased to present to the mem-
bers of the Society.

The Committee made no awards for best statements.

For the Committee,

Gilbert L. Streeter, Chairman.

G. L. Streeter, Daniel E. Safford, N. M. Hawkes,
Charles P. Preston, David W. Low — Committee.

172
IN MEMORIAM.

Your committee appointed by the Society to prepare
appropriate notice of the members of the Society who
have died during the past year, to be published in the
Transactions, would report that the list of members iu
each town and city has been sent to the Trustee of the
Society, representing each town or city, for revision, and
requesting from them brief notices of the deaths that had
occurred in their place, from which, or other sources, the
following is submitted :

Asa A. Abbott, of Andover, died Jan. 11, 1886, aged
87 years. He was a prominent citizen, having represented
the town in the State legislature several terms, and filled
for many years the offices of Selectman, Town and Parish
Assessor, and other minor offices, and for over twenty
years past took much interest in this society.

Aaron Dodge, of Beverly, died Feb. 3, 1886, aged
73 years, 6 months. He was proprietor of a grist mill for
forty years. He held several town offices, the -boards
of Selectmen and Overseers of the Poor being the most
prominent. He was a member in 1850.

Samuel D. G. Stanley died in 1886, aged about 75
years. He became a member in 1850.

"Thomas W. Hazeltine, of Bradford, died Sept. 2,
1886, aged 67 years. He was a successful farmer, and
a member of this Society for 25 years, serving on many
of its committees with credit to himself and our society.
He had accepted places on two committees, and virtually
died with his harness on."

George W. Ordway, of Bradford or Haverhill, died
Sept. 26, 1886, aged 51 years. He was a shoe manufact-
urer, and joined our Society in 1855.

173

James Lourie, of Danvers, died Oct. 25, 1886, aged
65 years. He became a member in 1876.

Levi Merrill, of Danvers, died in September, 1886.
He became a member in 1857.

Daniel Richards, of Danvers, died in Xovember,
1886. He became a member in 1858.

William H. Mears, of Essex, died May 27, 1886,
aged 73 years. He became a member in 1859. - He was
a farmer and a manufacturer of codfishing lines, with an
excellent reputation of fair dealing.

John Perkins, of Essex, died March 27, 1886, aged
73 years. He became a member in 1871. He was a suc-
cessful merchant in the fishing business of Gloucester,
where he resided several years, from which he retired to
become a successful farmer at his later home in Essex.

Ira Hardy was born in a part of Bradford now Grove-
land, where he has always resided. He died suddenly,
May 26, 1886, aged 78 years, 5 months. He owned
a small farm, and was interested in his work upon it.
He become a member of this society in 1865.

Daniel Atwood resided near the Merrimac river in
Groveland, and died Oct. 6, 1886, aged 83 years, 8
months. He joined this Society twenty-five or thirty
years ago, and took an interest in its work.

John J. Babson, of Gloucester, died April 13, 1886,
in the seventy-seventh year of his age. He was its histo-
rian, and its school educator, devoting a lifetime to the
welfare of its Schools, serving a great many years as Su-
perintendent, or on the School Committee as chairman,
and in many ways proved himself a public benefactor.
He was called upon several times to serve as Represen-
tative to the State Legislature, and served one or more
terms as Senator. He was for many years cashier of the
Gloucester Bank. He was much interested in horticul-

174

ture, serving the Cape Ann Horticultural Society as pres-
ident several years. He became a member of this society
in 1869, and served as one of its Trustees in 1870.

Isaac Patch, of Gloucester, died July 4, 1886, aged 85
years. He was a very successful farmer, and at his death
owned a large farm in Hamilton, and one in Gloucester.
He joined this Society in 1855, and served as one of its
Trustees from 18G4to 1870.

Daniel T. Babson, of Gloucester, died Oct. 4, 1886,
aged 72 years. He was a man always interested in milch
cows and the cultivation of small fruits, as a relaxation
from his business as painter. He visited our Fairs yearly,
and attended the last one at Newburyport this year. He
became a member in 1871.

Aaron W. Bray, of Gloucester, died June 21, 1886,
aged 55 years. He was the manager of the New England
Halibut Company at the time of his death. He joined
this Society in 1872.

George James, of Gloucester, died Feb. 14, 1886,
aged 68 years. He was greatly interested in horses, and
kept a livery stable. He became a member of this Soci-
ety in 1870, has served on its committees, and has taken
premiums for horses and colts at various times.

Robert Fears, of Gloucester, died Aug. 27, 1886,
aged 79 years. He was a sail-maker by occupation and
business until he retired. He was a Director of the First
National Bank, and always an active and successful busi-
ness man. His interest in agriculture was mostly confined
to his garden. He became a member of our Society in
1872.

Charles W. Dennison, of Gloucester, died Sept. 23,
1886, aged 80 years. He was a retired sea captain, and
devoted his time, aside from looking after what business
interests he had, in doing good to others in a quiet way.
He became a member in 1872.

175

Joseph P. Gardner, of Hamilton, died Oct. 16, 1886,
about 26 years of age. He joined our Society early in
the year, and being a young farmer of ability, gave prom-
ise of usefulness to the Society, of which his early death
has deprived us.

"John P. Gilman, of Haverhill, died April 13, 1886,
aged 59 years. He was an active business man, formerly
a shoe manufacturer and afterward a hat manufacturer,
and also largely interested in real estate."

"Israel K. Jewett, of Ipswich, died suddenly Oct.
26, 1886, aged 87 years, 8 months. Before the advent of
the railroad, he drove an express team from Ipswich to
Boston, which railroad .competition caused him to abandon,
and for fifty years past kept a grocery store in Ipswich.
The deceased was a successful business man and prospered
in whatever he undertook, being a man of strict integrity
and always recognized as a safe man with whom to deal."
He became a member in 1869.

Jacob Rhodes, of Lynn, died in 1886. He became a
member in 1872.

James B. Knight, of Newbury, died in 1886, aged 75
years. For forty years or more, he was engaged in the
grain business at the tide mill at Knight's Crossing, on the
Eastern railroad, and later at the City Steam Mills, New-
buryport, where he had an extensive business. Aside
from this, he took an active interest in farming, having
raised some of the largest crops of English hay and pota-
toes ever raised in that town. At his death, his herd of
milch cows was among the best in that section of the
county. He became a member in 1879.

John F. Kimball, of North Andover, died the 1st of
September, 1886.

Eunice L. Smith, of Newburyport, a member of this
Society, died July 7, 1886, at the age of 51 years. She

176

was a farmer's wife, and always ready for her part in life.

Charles H. Ireland, of Newbury port, died Sept. 15,
1886, aged 70 years. He was a large real estate owner,
and well known to the whole community. He joined this
Society in 1868.

John Sumner, of Newburyport, died Aug. 29, 1886,
aged 59 years. He was a stove dealer, and took an active
part in the Society's exhibition of 1885. He joined the
Society in 1856.

William Britcher, of Newburyport, died June 15,
1886, aged 73 years. He was a market gardener for
many years, and a very successful one. He became a
member in 1856.

"Major Lewis Allen, of Peabody, died Nov. 15, 1886,
at the ripe old age of 92 years, 3 months, 20 days. While
he had been an active business man all his life, he made
his home on his farm, and so long as his health allowed
was an actively interested member of the Essex Agricul-
tural Society, being one of its oldest members, and on its
Board of Trustees from 1846 to 1857, and Vice President
1857 to 1870. He was called to the offices of selectman
and assessor, representative in the General Court, trustee
of the Peabody Institute, captain of the Danvers Artillery
and later major for five years, when he resigned. He was
also county commissioner ; and his name will also be found
in numerous positions of other important trusts. He was
an energetic farmer, combined with his other business ;
and to the active part which he took in that natural occu-
pation, he was undoubtedly largelj' indebted for his healthy
and well-balanced mind and body which he possessed until
so near the last of his long life. His manly form and
bright, intelligent countenance were always conspicuous
at our Fairs ; and well does the writer remember his
thoughtful and interested remarks concerning our useful

177

Society, at one of the last autumn meetings at which he
was present."

"On September 22, 1886, passed away Malachi F.
Batchelder, at the age of 74 years and 5 months, after
a long and painful illness, a respected citizen of Peabody,
of modest and retiring disposition. He was one of the
best market-gardeners in his vicinity, as the variety of his
crops and his frequent success in competition for prizes at
our County Shows well proves. His crops were always
carefully and well cultivated, and in return they com-
manded the highest market prices. His fields were exten-
sive and yielded largely per acre. He was an exponent
of an industrious farmer, with perseverance and good
judgment combined, and his example and influence will
be missed by all who knew him, not less at the annual
Fairs of the Essex Agricultural Society than elsewhere."
He joined this Society in 1871.

Joseph Hale, of Rowley, died March 13, 1886, aged
65 years. He was one of the foremost men of the town,
serving on its Board of Selectmen many years, and a
prominent worker in the local Farmers' Club. He was
interested and active in the affairs of our County Society,
joining it in 1870, serving as a Trustee in 1871 and 1877.

Joshua Foss, the oldest resident of Rowley, died Dec.
25, 1886, aged 87 years.

Maurice Birmingham, of Salem, died March 25, 1886,
aged 65 years. He was a regular attendant at our Fairs,
and will be missed there by many friends. A member in
1879.

William S. Messervey, of Salem, died Feb. 19, 1886,
aged 73 years, 6 months. In early life he was in business
in the West. At one time he was a Delegate to Congress
from the Territory of New Mexico, and at another time
Secretary and Acting Governor. In 1854 he returned to

178

Salem, and in 1856 and 1857 was its Mayor. He was
a member of this society in 1856.

Benjamin S. Newhall, of Salem, died April 3, 1886,
aged 79 years, 7 months. He was clerk of the contract-
ors who built the Eastern Railroad, and was afterwards
a farmer in Danvers several years. He became a member
in 1853.

Joseph Pulsifer died in Salem Oct. 19, 1886, aged
over 88 years. He was born in Ipswich, and went to
Salem at the age of 14 years to learn painting, and led
a life of industry, economy and honest dealing, and earned
success. He was one of the founders of Barton Square
Church, and Naumkeag Fire Club, of Salem, and the
pioneer in manufacturing painted carpets. He joined this
Society in 1839.

Elbridge Merrill, of West Newbury, died in 1886,
aged 72 years. "Deacon Merrill "has been one of our
oldest and most valued members. For more than twenty
years he has attended our annual gatherings, serving as
trustee for several years, always with credit to himself and
the society. All who knew him mourn his loss.

George G. Peirce, of West Newbury, died in 1886, at
about 25 years of age. He joined our Society in 1882,
and was awarded two premiums this year for fruit crops.
He was a young man of much promise, and was loved and
esteemed by all who knew him.

Moses Hill, of Revere, a non-resident member of the
Society, has died in 1886.

Again the busy reaper, Death, has passed through our
county, gathering for the better land a bountiful harvest
during the year, from the members of this society. One
from every thirty-five has been taken home ; in Glouces-
ter, one from every thirteen. Those who have left us
have contributed each in their own way to the success and

179

progress of our society and to a greater or less extent
according to their ability or opportunity, leaving regret
for their loss. The Society extends to all who mourn the
loss of those near and dear to thera, its sympathy in their
affliction.

DAVID W. LOW,

For Committee.

180

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OO H H J

LIST OF PREMIUMS AWARDED IN 1886.

FAT CATTLE.

J. P. Little, Amesbury, for pair oxen, first premium, $10 00
J. P. Little, Amesbury, for pair oxeu, second premium,
Furmer H. Greeley, Salisbury, for pair oxen, third
premium,

BULLS.

Francis Gulliver, Andover, for Jersey bull, over two
years old, first premium,

H. H. Hale, Bradford, for Jersey bull over two years
old, second premium,

Ben : Perley Poore, West Newbury, for Short Horn
bull over two years old, first premium,

Wm. C. Cahill, Dan vers, for Ayrshire bull under two
years old, second premium,

H. H. Hale, Bradford, for Jerse}' bull under two years
old, first premium,

D. A. Massey, Danvers, for Ayrshire bull calf, "Queer,"
No. 8821, A. B. A. R., instead of 882 as print-
ed in report, first premium, 2 00

milch cows.

T. N. Cook, Newbury port, for Milch cow, first pre-
mium, 10 00

T. N. Cook, Newburyport, for butter cow, first pre-
mium, 10 00

T. N. Cook, Newburyport, for butter cow, second pre-
mium, 4 00

Jere. Cashman, Newburyport, for best Milch cow, spec-
ial premium, 15 00

Jere. Cashman, Newburyport, for Milch cow, second

premium, 4 00

Francis Gulliver, Andover, for Jersey cow, first pre-
mium, 10 00

4 00

182

Francis Gulliver, Andover, for Jersey cow, second
premium,

HEIFERS — FIRST CLASS.

Francis Gulliver, Andover, for Jerse}' in milk, second

premium, 4 00

Francis Gulliver, Andover, for Jersey calf, first pre-
mium, 4 00

D. A. Masse}r, Danvers, for Ayrshire calf, first pre-
mium, 4 00

D. A. Massey, Danvers, for Ayrshire heifer, second

premium, 2 00

HEIFERS SECOND CLASS.

P. A. Perkins, Newbury, for three year old Grade
Ayrshire in milk, first premium, *

O. F. Lewis, Salisbury, for three year old Grade Jer-
sey in milk, second premium,

E. S. Toppan, Newburyport, for three year old Short

Horn, first premium,
Elbridge Tenney, Newbury, for twenty-six months old

Grade Jersey, second premium,
T. K. Bartlett, Newburyport, for twenty months old

Dutch, first premium,
J. F. Smith, Salisbury, for fourteen months old Grade

Jersey, second premium,
Jere. Cashmau, Newburypoi't, for three months old

Grade Jersey Calf,

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

C. U. Burbank, Amesbury, oxen, first premium,
Carlton Little, Newbury, oxen, second premium,
Wm. Bryant, West Newbury, oxen, third premium,
R. T. Jaques, Newbury, steers, first premium,

TOWN TEAM.

Town of West Newbury, oxen, first premium, 20 00

STEERS.

C. U. Burbank, Amesbury, two year old steers, first

premium, 6 00

183

James Noyes, Newbury, two year old steers, second

premium, 5 00

Wm. H. Perkins, Newbury, yearling steers, first pre-
mium, 5 00

Edward Illsley, Newbury, yearling steers, second pre-
mium, 4 00

Mrs. M. L. Moody, West Newbury, steer calves, first

premium, 4 00

STALLIONS — FIRST CLASS.

H. H. Hale, Bradford, three year old stallion, first pre-
mium, 8 00

STALLIONS — SECOND CLASS.

C. C. Hewitt, Newburyport, four years old stallion,

first premium, 10 00

BROOD MARES.

C. N. Maguire, Newburyport, mare and foal, first pre-
mium, 10 00

E. E. Bartlett, Newburyport, mare and foal, second

premium, 6 00

Frank Perkins, Newbury, mare and foal, third pre-
mium, 4 00

FAMILY HORSES.

S. P. Hale, Newbury, family horse, first premium, 10 00

John C. Tarlton, West Newbury, family horse, second

premium, 6 00

Peter Holt, Jr., North Andover, family horse, third pre-
mium, 4 00
gentlemen's driving horses.

Peter Holt Jr., North Andover, white mare, first pre-
mium, 10 00

Jere. Cashman, Newburyport, gelding, second pre-
mium, 6 00

C. U. Burbank, Amesbury, gelding, third premium, 4 00

FARM HORSKS.

J. A. Illsley, Georgetown, farm horse, first premium, 10 00
J. Otis Winkley, Newburyport, farm horse, second

premium, 6 00

Michael Reddy, Ipswich, farm horse, third premium, 4 00

184

DRAFT HORSES.

Peter Holt Jr., North Andover, draft horse, first pre-
mium, 10 00

Win. W. Perkins, Newbury, draft mare, second pre-
mium, 6 00

John Ronan, Newburyport, draft horse, third pre-
mium, 4 00

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES.

Walter F. Dodge, Beverly, farm horses, first premium, 12 00
C. N. Maguire, Newburyport, farm horses, second

premium, 8 00

PAIRS OF DRAFT HORSES.

Charles Bennett, Gloucester, draft horses, first pre-
mium, 12 00

Jere. Cashman, Newburyport, draft horses, second

premium, 8 00

Jere. Cashman, Newburyport, draft horses, third pre-
mium, 4 00

COLTS FOR DRAFT PURPOSES FIRST CLASS.

H. H. Hale, Bradford, three year old mare, first pre-
mium, 10 00

COLTS FOR DRAFT SECOND CLASS.

E. E. Bartlett, Newburyport, colt one year old, first

premium, 6 00

A. J. Stockbridge, Rowley, yearling mare colt, second

premium, 4 00

M. B. Chesley, Amesbury, two }Tear old colt, first pre-
mium, 6 00
R. Jaqnes, West Newbury, two year old colt, second

premium, 4 00

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES — FIRST CLASS.

O. N. Fernald, Danvers, mare colt, four 3rears old,

first premium, 10 00

F. W. Evans, Newburyport, filly, four years old, sec-

ond premium, 6 00

185

C. C. Cook, Bradford, mare, four years old, third pre-
mium, 4 00

George H. Whipple, Lynn, mare, three years old, first

premium, 8 00

Daniel Tenney, Newbury, gelding, three years old, sec-
ond premium, 5 00

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES — SECOND CLASS.

Woodbury Smith, Rowley, two year old colt, first pre-
mium, 6 00

H. H. Hale, Bradford, two year old colt, second pre-
mium, 4 00

B. W. Bartlett, Rowley, one year old colt, first pre-
mium, 6 00

O. N. Fernald, Danvers, one year old colt, second

premium, 4 00

SWINE, FIRST CLASS OR LARGE BREEDS.

Wm. W. Perkins, Newburyport, breeding sow, first

premium, 8 00

L. P. Hale, Newbury, breeding sow, second premium, 5 00

Michael Reddy, Ipswich, Jersey red sow, first pre-
mium, 8 00

Edward S. Knight, Newbury, grade Berkshire boar,

first premium, 8 00

Wm. W. Perkins, Newburyport, weaned pigs, second

premium, 5 00

SWINE, SECOND CLASS OR SMALL BREEDS.

Wm. W. Perkins, Newbury, weaned pigs, first pre-
mium, 8 00

Wm. W. Perkins, Newbury, breeding sow, first pre-
mium, 8 00

SHEEP.

Matthew H. Toomey, Newbury, Coltswold sheep, first

premium, 10 00

Matthew H. Toomey, Newbury, Coltswold buck, first

premium, 8 00

186

PLOUGHING WITH DOUBLE TEAMS.

Noyes & Little, Newbury, with two yoke oxen, first

premium, 12 00

Wm P. Coffin, Newbury, with two yoke oxen, second

premium, 10 00

Wm. W. Perkins, Newbury, with two yoke oxen, third

premium, 9 00

PLOUGHING WITH HORSES.

Chas. N. Maguire, Newburyport, with one pair, first

premium, 10 00

S. F. Newman, Newbury, with one pair, second pre-
mium, 7 00

Walter F. Dodge, Beverly, with one pair, third pre-
mium, 5 00

PLOUGHING WITH THREE OR FOUR HORSES.

J. Kent Adams, Newbury, with four horses, first pre-
mium, 10 00

Frank Perkins, Newbury, with three horses, first pre-
mium, 10 00

PLOUGHING WITH SWIVEL PLOUGH.

Jonas M. Rollins, Danvers, with two horses, first pre-
mium,

PLOUGHING WITH SULKY PLOUGH.

A. J. Stockbridge, Rowley, first premium,

IMPROVING WET MEADOW AND SWAMP LAND.

B. H. Farnum, North Andover, first premium,
S. A. Jaques, West Newbury, second premium,

GRAIN CROPS.

J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead, rye crop, first pre-
mium,
Oliver P. Killam, Boxford, corn crop, first premium,

ROOT CROPS.

Asa T. Newhall, Lynn, onion crop, first premium,
John H. George, Methuen, onion crop, second pre-
mium,

187

John H. George, Methuen, potato crop, first pre-
mium,

Stephen A. Jaques, West Newbury, potato crop,
second premium,

J. E. Page, Supt. Pickman farm, Salem, cabbage
crop, first premium,

Daniel Carlton, Andover, cabbage crop, second pre-
mium,

J. W. Blodgett, Saugus, mangold crop, first premium, 10 00

Walter Smith & Co., Methuen, turnip crop, first pre-
mium,

James Manning, Topsfield, turnip crop, second pre-
mium,

Cyrus K. Ordway, West Newbury, carrot crop, first
premium,

Asa T. Newhall, Lynn, squash crop, first premium,

FOREST TREES.

Benjamin P. Ware, Marblehead, ornamental trees,

first premium, 10 00

STRAWBERRIES AND OTHER SMALL FRUITS.

George G. Peirce, West Newbury, strawberry crop,

first premium, 10 00

George G. Peirce, West Newbury, raspberry crop,

first premium, 10 00

Benj. W. Farnum, North Andover, blackberry crop,

first premium, 10 00

NEW MEMBERS.

John Q. Evans, Salisbury, most new members, pre-
mium, 6 00

ESSAYS AND REPORTS.

O. S. Butler, Georgetown, essay, " Poultry on the

Farm," first premium, 15 00

M. B. Faxon, Saugus, essay, " The Kitchen Garden,"

second premium, 10 00

Francis H. Appleton, Peabody, report on ornamental

trees, first premium, 10 00

188

B. F. Huntington, Amesbury, report on root crops,

second premium, 8 00

*Joseph How, Methuen, report on new apples and the

codlin moth, third premium, 6 00

*NOTE.— Mr. Howe is 86 years of age.

MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCHOLARSHIP.

George E. Newman, Newbury, yearly payment of

1884 award, 25 00

OTHER AWARDS.

Awarded by Committee on Poultry, 37 00

" " " Agricultural Implements, 47 00

" " " Carriages, 17 00

" « " Dairy, 24 00

" '« " Bread, Honey, etc., 22 00

" « " Pears, 103 50

" " " Apples, 109 75

" " " Peaches, Grapes, etc., 74 50

« " " Flowers, 56 00

" " " Vegetables,* 158 00

" " " Grain and Seed,f 32 00

" " " Counterpanes and Afghans, 31 00

" " " Carpets and Rugs, J 26 50

" " " Articles man'f'd from Leather 5 00

" " " Manufact's and Gen'l Mdse., 20 00

" " " Fancy Work and Art Work, 51 50

« " » Children's Work, 15 00

732 75

Correction.— *Gratuit5-, 50 cents, was awarded to M. M. Ridgeway, Newbury, for
Queen of the Valley Potato, instead of $1, as printed on G3dpage. f$o second prem-
ium was awarded to Aaron Low, Essex, for collection of seed, instead of $3, as
printed on 65th page. p5 cents gratuity was awarded Mrs. S. J. Woodward, West
Newbury, for woven rug, instead of 50 cents as printed on OSth page.

RECAPITULATION.

FARMS.

Awarded for Ploughing,

$93 00

" " reclaiming swamp land,

25 00

" " Ornamental Trees,

10 00

<tt;1 oq r\n

s? 1 _ O \J\J

FARM STOCK.

Awarded for Fat Cattle,

$22 00

" Bulls,

35 00

" Milch Cows,

57 00

" Heifers,

44 00

" Working Oxen and Steers,

40 00

" Town Team of Oxen,

20 00

" Steers,

24 00

" Horses,

162 00

" Colts,

83 00

" Swine,

50 00

" Sheep,

18 00

" " Poultry,

37 00

$592 00

FARM PRODUCTS.

Awarded for Grain Crops,

$20 00

" Root Crops,

90 00

" Fruit Crops,

30 00

1 " Fruits,

287 75

' " Dairy,

24 00

" Bread, Honey, etc.,

22 00

" Flowers,

56 00

' "Vegetables,

158 00

' 4i Grain and Seed,

32 00

^710 nK

v t xv to

MISCELLANEOUS.

Awarded for Agricultural Implements, $47 00

" «* " Essays and Reports, 49 00

" " " College Scholarship, 25 00

" " obtaining largest number of new

members, 6 00

" " Domestic Manufactures, 149 00

11 " Carriages, 17 00

$293 00

Total amount awarded in 1886, $1732 75

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY

FOE 1886-7.

PRESIDENT,

BENJAMIN P. WARE, of Marblehead.

VICE PRESIDENTS,

GEORGE B. LORING, of Salem.
J. J. H. GREGORY, of Marblehead.
THOMAS C. THURLOW, of West Newbury.
JAMES P. KING, of Peabody.

HONORARY TRUSTEE,

JOSEPH HOW, of Methueu.

SECRETARY,

DAVID W. LOW, of Gloucester.

TREASURER,

GILBERT L. STREETER, of Salem.

TRUSTEES,

Charles C. Blunt, Andover. Aaron Low, Essex.
B. F. Huntington, Amesbury. Oliver S. Butler, Georget'wn.
John Meacom, Beverly. AlonzoF. Harvey, Glouc'ster.

John Parkhurst, Boxford. Nathan Longfellow, Grovel'd.
William Hilton, Bradford. Alvin Smith, Hamilton.
Charles H. Gould, Danvers. Richard Webster, Haverhill.

191

Alden Story, Ipswich. James C. Poor, No. Andover.

Asa M. Bodwell, Lawrence. Francis H.Appleton,Peab'dy.
John L. Shorey, Lynn. Andrew Lane, Kockport.

John M.Danforth,Lynnfield. Edward H. Potter, Rowley.
Wm, S.Phillips, Jr., M'head. John Robinson, Salem.
Daniel W.Friend,Manch'st'r. Samuel Hawkes, Saugus.
Chas. W. Mann, Methuen. John Q. Evans, Salisbury.
James D. Pike, Merrimac. David Warren, Swampscott.
O.Loring Carlton, Middlet'n. George F. Averill, Topsfield.
C. N. Maguire, Newburyport.Zachariah Cole, Wenham.
James Noyes, Newbury. E. G. Nason, W. Newbury.

NEW MEMBERS — 1886.

* Joseph P. Gardner, Ham'lt'n.Osman Babson, Gloucester.'
Samuel Thayer, Andover. Frederic F. Low, Gloucester.
Henry A. Hay ward, Andover. Alfred Presson, Gloucester.
Amos F. Chase, Lynn. Eugene L. Wildes, Topsfield.

B. W. Rowell, Lynn. John W. Parkhurst, Boxford.

Edwin Bates, Lynn. JamesW.Chadwick, Boxford.

Furmer H. Greeley, Salisb'y. George B. Austin, Boxford.
N.Tracy Getchell, Salisbury. Daniel D. Adams, Newbury.
J.Q.A.Pettingell, Salisbury. Edwin P. Noyes, Newbury.
John H. Eaton, Salisbury. Edward Illsley, Newbury.
Wesley Pettingell, Salisbury. Frank W.Evans, Newburyp't.
Abram L. Morrill, Salisbury. Geo. W. Knight, Newburyp't.
P. Albert True, Salisbury. James E. Page, Salem.
Robert Thornton, Salisbury. Ezra K. Preston, Beverly.
Jona. H. Osborne, Amesb'ry. Thomas E. Cox, Lynnfield.
William F. Vining, Amesb'y.John Hazeltine, Bradford.
E. A. Goodwin, Amesbury. William H. Smith, Rockport.
Fred'c Burnham, Manchester. Horace Lane, Rockport.

*Deceased.

192

J. P. Little, Amesbury. Elbridge Tenney, Newbury.

C. U. Burbank, Amesbury. Wm. Bryant, West Newbury.
P. A. Perkins, Newbury. Stephen A. Jaques,W.N'wb'y
Carlton Little, Newbury. Charles Bennett, Gloucester.
Edw'd G. Knights, Newbury. Michael Reddy, Ipswich.
Matthey H.Toomey, Newb'y. George H. Whipple, Lynn.
James Kent Adams, Newb'y.

REMOVALS OF MEMBERS.

Andover — Addison M. Robinson to North Andover.
Boxford — B. Frank Barnes, to Haverhill.
Danvers — Beverly S. Moulton, to Boston.

Samuel W. Nourse, to Peabody.

Charles O. Putnam, to Wenham.

Moses W. Putnam, to Philadelphia, Pa.

William Lord, to North Beverly.

Lyman Wilkins, to Middleton.
Hamilton — Dudley H. Porter, to Saratoga, N. Y.
Lynn — John G. Barker, to Boston.
Middleton — Wm. B. Carleton, to Danvers.

John R. Wellman, to Lawrence.
Salem — C. A. Cooper, to Lynnfield.

Eben Jackson, to Danvers.
Topsfield — Arthur M. Merriman, to Manchester.
West Newbury — E. C. Little, to Haverhill.

CORRECTIONS OF 1884 LIST OF MEMBERS.

Methuen — S. C. Sargent should have been S. G. Sargent.
Saugus — Alfred C. Hill, omitted.

Peabody — David Osborne, died May 7, 1875, aged 84.
Georgetown — I. Adams Illsley should be J. Adams
Illsley.

Members of Essex Agricultural Society,

DECEMBER, 1886.

Previous printed list was in 1884, errors in which have been
corrected in 1885 and 1886 Reports. If any errors are dis-
covered in the following list, please report them to the Secre-
tary. Trustees are requested to report deaths of members as
soon as they occur, with printed notice, when convenient.

Bailey, O. S.
Burbank, C. U.
Cammet, Samuel
Chesley, M. B.
Chesley, John F.
Currier, W. H. B.
Feltch, Elbridge S.

Abbott, James J.
Abbott, Nathan F.
Abbott, Moses B.
Abbott, Hartwell B
Abbott, John B.
Andrews, M. C.
Barnard, Edwin H.
Bailey, Moses A.
Bean, Samuel G.
Blunt, Charles C.
Blunt, J. H.
Bodwell, H. A.
Buchan, George
Callahan, Robert
Carter, Charles L.
Carruth, Isaac

AMESBURY— 21.

Gale, Edmund
Gale, Foster
Goodwin, E. A.
Hill, Albert C.
Hill, J. Henry
Huntington, B. F.
Little, J. P.

ANDOVER— 47.

Chandler, Joshua H.
Cheever, James O.
Cummings, C. O.
Downing, J. J.
Flint, John H.
Foster, George W.
Foster, Moses
Foster, George C.
Gulliver, Francis
Gutterson, George
Harriman, Thos. P.
Hayward, Henry A.
Hazen, Nathan W.
Hidden, David I. C.
Holt, E. F.
Holt, Joseph S.

Lane, T. W.
Morse, Daniel L.
Osborne, Jona. H.
Sawyer, Aaron
Tibbets, William B.
True, Eben
Vining, William F.

Holt, Ballard
Jenkins, John B.
Jenkins, E. Kendall
Johnson, Francis H.
Johnson, S. K.
Mason, George F.
Morton, Marcus
Rea, Jasper
Ripley, George
Smith,. James B.
Smith, John L.
Smith, Peter D.
Smith, Benjamin F.
Thayer, Samuel
Upton, Edward C.

194

Appleton, Nathan D.
Appleton, Isaac
Avery, Mark B.
Baker, John I.
Bell, John
Bliss, Edgar J.
Burnham, O. B.
Carter, John W.
Clark, George
Connelley, Stephen
Cressy, Joseph
Danforth, E. F.
Dodge, Andrew
Dodge, Benjamin N.
Dodge, Benjamin S.
Dodge, Joshua S.
Dodge, Richard
Dodge, Forest C.

Anderson, Chas. R.
Andrew, Isaac W.
Austin, George B.
Barnes, B. S.
Chadwick, Geo. W.
Chadwick, James W.
Parkhurst, John
Parkhurst, John W.
Pearl, Edw. E.

Bradstreet, Justin E.
Cogswell, Doane
Cogswell, George
Cogswell, William
Day, Albeit J.
Day, Royal
Ellis, John A.
Emerson, Charles B.
Gage, Edwin V.
Hale, H. H.

BEVERLY— 54.

Dodge, Walter F.
Foster, David L.
Foster, Henry W.
Foster, William A.
Friend. Seth
Giles, Benjamin V.
Gould, Thomas
Haven, Franklin
Herrick, Joseph H.
Hill, Hugh
Lee, Asa F.
Lord, Cyrus W.
Lord, William
Lawrence, C. A.
Loring, Augustus P
Lovett, Francis S.
Lummus, E. E.
Mason, Alfred A.

BOXFORD— 27.

Cleveland, James P.
Cole, David M.
Cole, John K.
Cole, Warren M.
Cole, Wm. Kimball
Da}', Isaac C.
Pearl, John M.
Pearl, John
Perley, Charles

Mason, Alphonso
Mason, George
Mason, L}Tman
Ma}o, Josiah
Meacom, John
Mitchell, John
Morse, John T.
Munsey, John G.
Paine, Charles C.
Pitman, Mark
Porter, Adoniram
Preston, Ezra
Raymond, John W.
Stephens, Augustus
Trask, Joseph W.
Walker, Lawson
Waters, Richard P.
Waters, William C.

Day, Mrs. John
Hale, John
Herrick, Israel
Killam, Oliver P.
Ladd, John I.
Nason, James H.
Sawyer, Thomas
Styles, Charles F.
Wood, John T.

BRADFORD— 38.

Haseltine, Thomas
Hazeltine, Charles
Hazeltine, John
Hilton, William
Hopkinson. Sam'lW.
Johnson, Charles G.
Johnson, Labi) r ton
Kimball, Albert
Kimball, A. Laburton
Kimball, Leverett

Kimball, Wm. B.
Kimball, W. Eustace
Kimball, M. Tenney
Knight, Albert H.
Ladd, B. G.
Ladd, George W.
Little, Mrs. M. P.
O'Brien, John
Ordway, Alfred
Ordway, Warren

195

Peabody, Frank
Peabod}-, Daniel
Perley, John

Arrnitage, John S.
Allen, Henry C.
Bartlett, James A.
Berry, Allen A.
Beny, Eben G.
Batchelder, J. Q. A.
Bradstreet, Elijah
Bodge, Hemy
Bodge, Horatio
Blake, John A.
Brown, William H.
Boardman, I. P.
Butler, J. C.
Clark, N. J.
Carlton, Wm. B.
Day, Clarence
Dempsey, L. P.
Dodge, Elnathan
Dodge, Francis
Eaton, Winslow W.
Fellows, Alfred
Fisher, Franklin W.
Faxon, George
Fowler, Augustus
Fowler, Samuel P.
Fuller, Solomon
Gaffney, Cornelius
Gould, Charles H.
Grosvenor, David A.
Grout, John
Gustin, John H.
Hill, Edward L.
Hood, R. B.
Hood, Joseph E.
Hutchinson, Edward
Jacobs, Wm. A.
Jackson, Eben
Johnson, George E.
Juul, Conrad

Phillips, G. Franklin Thornton, William
Poor, Charles H. Webster, Charles E.
Tewksbury, John B.

DANVERS— 115.

Kimball. Joel, Jr.
Kirby, Patrick
Langhry, J. R.
Learoyd, A. P.
Lefavour, Mrs.
Legro, Edmund
Legro, John C. P.
Massey, Dudley A.
Martin, George B.
Martin, Walter F.
McCrillis. Ransom F.
Merrill, Walter S.
Morgan, Wm. B.
Mudge, Edwin
Mudge, Augustus
Nichols, Andrew
Nichols, Andrew, Jr.
Newhall, Benj. E.
O'Neal, T. H.
Patch, Abraham
Peart, William B.
Perley, Dean A.
Perley, Edward P.
Perkins, Henry A.
Perkins, Warren G.
Pettingill, David A.
Peabody, George H.
Pillsbury, H. H.
Pope, Ira P.
Porter, Benjamin F.
Pratt, Amos
Preston, Charles H.
Preston, Charles P.
Prince, Amos
Putnam, Ansel W.
Putnam, Edwin F.
Putnam, Israel H.
Putnam, Joseph C.

Putnam, John A.
Putnam, Joel
Putnam, Otis F.
Pratt, George
Pratt, Samuel S.
Porter, John W.
Pope, Daniel P.
Proctor, Nathan P.
Richardson, James
Richards, C. S.
Richards, George D.
Rollins, Jonas
Ropes, Joseph E.
Rice, Charles B.
Sears, John A.
Silvester. Joshua
Spaulding, Sam'l W.
Swinerton, John
Smart, John L.
Swazey, E.
Spring, Jacob E.
Tapley, George
Tapley, Gilbert A.
Trask, Alfred M.
Upton, Franklin W.
Verry, Augustus
Verry, Henry
Walcott, Wm. H.
Waldron, E. T.
Wallis, Samuel
Warren, Aaron W.
Weston, Wm. L.
Weston, Mrs. L. P.
White, Henry A.
Woodis, Alden B.
Woodman, Edw. E.
Whipple, John F.
Wilkins, Fred'k A.

196

ESSEX— 21.

Andrews, Elias Cogswell, Chas. B.

Andrews, Joseph Dodge, Grover
Andrews, Miles S. Haskell, David L.
Burnhan),D.BrainardHaskcll, George
Burnham, Washingt'nKnowlton, Aaron
Burnliam,Wrn. HoweKnowlton, David
Choate, Rufus Knowlton, Moses

Knowlton, Herbert A.
Knowlton, Perry B.
Lee, Edward K.
Low, Aaron
Low, Josiah
Lufkin, A. E.
McDonald, Daniel

GEORGETOWN— 28.

Bateman, A. P.
Butler, Oliver S.
Chapman, Jonathan
Dole, Moody S.
Harriman, Hiram N.
Hoyt, John A.
Hoyt, Martin L.
Huse, Ralph C.
Illsley, J. Adams
Lovering, John H.

Marble, Nathaniel
Moulton, Daniel E.
Nelson, Sherman
Nelson, William
Noyes, Henry P.
Osgood, Stephen
Pettingill, Henry
Pillsbury, J.
Poor, Samuel T.

Preston, John
Ridley, Amos
Spoftbrd, Sumner P.
Tenney, George J.
Tenney, Gorham D.
Tenney, Milton G.
Tenney, Moses
Tenney, Orlando B.
Wheeler, William S.

Atkinson, John
Babson, Fitz J.
Babson, Horatio
Babson, Osman
Barrett, Charles P.
Bennett, Charles
Bradford, George R.
Brown, Edward H.
Burnham, A. M.
Burnham, H. A.
Burnham, S. A.
Calef, John C.
Carter, John S.
Carter, Sherman J.
Clark, John
Cole, Israel H.
Conant, Thomas
Cook, Benjamin F.
Corliss, Benjamin H
Corliss, John

GLOUCESTER— 85.

Cronin, John
Curtis, Samuel, Jr.
Dale, Eben, Jr.
Davis, James
Davis, William P.
Dennen, George
Dodd, Stephen
Dolliver, John S.
Dolliver, William C.
Dolliver, William P.
Fears, Robert R.
Ferguson, Thos. B.
Foster, Jeremiah
Friend, Elbridge G.
Garland, Joseph
Gilbert, Addison
Griffin, Bennett
Grover, Charles E.
Harvey, Alonzo F.
Haskell, H. C. L.

Haskell, William H.
Herrick, Gardner W.
Knowles, Thomas J.
Lane, Andrew
Lane, George
Lawrence, R. C.
Loring, Francis M.
Lovett, John H.
Low, David W.
Low, Frederic F.
Marr, Chester, Jr.
Mayo, Israel C.
Merchant, E. W.
Norwood, George
Parsons, W. Frank
Pattillo, Alexander
Pew, William A.
Phillips, N. H.
Piumer, David
Presson, David S.

197

Presson, Alfred
Price, Augustus E.
Procter, Joseph O.
Proctor, Wilbur F.
Pucker, Richard W.
Roberts, Joshua
Rogers, Allan
Rogers, Johu S.
Rust, William P.

Sanford, H. G.
Sawyer, Samuel E.
Shepherd, Joseph C.
Somes, John E.
Stacy, John H.
Stanwood, /Barnard
Story, Cyrus
Thompson, Charles P,

Webster, Nathaniel
AVetherell, M.'L.
Wilson, John J.
Witham, Addison
Wonson , A ugustusH .
Wonson, F. G.
Wonson, George M.
Wonson, J. W.

Atwood, Moses
Balch, Thomas H.
Curtis, Edwin T.
Fegan, Henry C.
George, Edwin B.
George, Samuel B.
Harrington, Edward
Harriman, Moses H.
Harriman, Abel S.
Hopkinson, W. H.

GROVELAND— 28.

Ladd, J. P. B.
Ladd, Nathaniel E.
Longfellow, N.
Longfellow, Samuel
Martino, Philip H.
Merrill, Burton E.
Parker, Eldred S.
Peabody, Walter S.
Pemberton, L. K.

Savary, Charles P.
Spofford, Henry H.
Stacy, Edward M.
Stickne}', Abel
Tenney, George H.
Walker, George S.
Ward we 11, Z. C.
Whitmore, Wm. F.
Woodbury, Louis A.

Abbott, Joseph B.
Allen, Francis R.
Brown, William A.
Creamer, George G.
Dane, Ephraim A.
Dane, George E. F.
Dane, John, Jr.
Dane, William A.
Dane, Sylvester
Dodge, Emerson P.

Barnes, Frank B.
Berry, J. M.
Bodwell, Stephen
Brickett, Barnard
Brickett, Daniel
Butters, Charles

HAMILTON— 28.

Dodge, George B.
Dunnels, Ira A.
Ellis, George W.
Gibney, George H.
Kimball, Isaac W.
Knowlton, Franklin
Knowlton, Isaac F.
Knowlton, Joseph
Lam son, Jarvis

HAVERHILL— 86.

Caldwell, William
Chase, Abel W.
Chase, C. W.
Cheever, H. W.
Cook, Justin T.
Corliss, Charles

Norris, George
Norwood, C. J.
Patch, Mrs. Oliver
Rankin, Eli C.
Robinson, E. P.
Safford, Daniel E.
Smith, Alvin
Whipple, Em. A.
Winslow, G. W.

Currier, Samuel M.
Davis, James
Dewhurst, James
Eaton, B. F.
Eaton, Harrison
Elliott, Samuel

198

Elliott, Samuel H.
Emerson, Albert
Emerson, E. A.
Emery, Benjamin E.
Earns worth, J. H.
Fellows, Samuel
Fellows, C. H.
Fitts, D. F.
Flanders, Daniel D.
Frost, Henry
Gale, John E.
Gale, James E.
Gage, Edmund,
Goodwin, Rufus
Goodrich, T. J.
Hale, Edward
Hanson, M. W.
Haseltine, Amos Jr.
Heath, Albert
Hooke, Daniel
Howe, Moses
Ingalls, E. T.
Jeffers, William

Lackey, Andrew
Little, E. C.
Little, J. G. S.
Marsh, John J.
Merrill, William
Mitchell, E.
Mitchell, Seth K.
Moody, H. L.
Morse, John H.
Morse, C. E.
Merrill, Giles
Nichols, James R.
Nichols, John B.
Nichols, J. B.
Ordway, Joshua H.
Peabody, Stephen
Peters, Daniel
Poore, F. W.
Porter, Dudley
Randall, John P.
Richardson, John B
Ridgewa}r, Jos. N.
Rhodes, C. N.

Sanders, Thomas
Smith, George S.
S prague, W. W.
Stewart, John
Swett, Jackson B.
Taylor, Levi
Taylor, Martin
Taylor, Oliver
Titcomb, Beniah
Wadleigh, Levi C.
Wales, Herbert E.
Webster, Ebenezer
Webster, E. F.
Webster, Richard
West, H. K.
West, James F.
West, Thomas
Wheeler, Allison
White, James D.
Whittier, Alvah
Whittier. Warner R.
Winchell, James H.

Appleton, Francis R.
Appleton, Daniel F.
Baker, S. N. Jr.
Bond, James W.
Brown, S. Albert
Brown, John
Brown, William G.
Caldwell, Abraham
Clark, Erastus
Fall, Tristram B.
Fellows, Alonzo B.
Gould, John J.
Grant, Joshua B.
Green, George H.
Haskell, George

IPSWICH— 43

Hobbs, John
Hodgdon, George
Hodgkins , A ugustine
Horton, Joseph
Hunt, Samuel
Hurd, Y. G.
Jordan, Mrs. Robert
Kimball, Daniel
Kinnear, James
Kinsman, Joseph F.
Kinsman, William H.
Kinsman, Willard F.
Marshall, Joseph
Perkins, Isaac E. B

Perley, David T.
Reddy, Michael
Rogers, Isaiah H.
Ross, Joseph
Rutherford, Aaron A.
Russell, Daniel S.
S hats well, Nathaniel
Smith, Webster
Stone, Augustine
Stoiy, Alden
Treadwell, William
Underbill, J. C.
Wade, Asa
Whittier, Maynard

199

Ames, M. B.
Bod well, Asa M.
Cabot, George D.
Currier, Eben B.
Currier, J. Merrill
Dow, Vigil
Drew, J. D.
Durant, W. A.
Fiske, E. A.
Flynn, Edward
French, A. J.
Gile, W. F.
Gilman, Frederick

Baker, Ezra
Bates, EdwiD
Bates, Wallace
Beede, C. 0.
Berry, Henry N.
Berry, Benj. J.
Breed, Henry A.
Breed, Richard
Chase, L. H.
Chase, Amos F.
Cross, Alfred
Cressey, John S.
Davis, Edward S.
Emery, George E.
Farrar, Jos. E.
Foster, George
Fry, Charles E.
Goodell, J. W.
Harnden, Henry C.

LAWRENCE— 38.

Goodwin, John
Goodwin, Patrick
Goodwin, Francis J.
H alley, T. D.
Harmon, Nathan W.
Herrick, H. G.
Hills, George
Hood, Gilbert E.
Holt, Lewis G.
Keleher, W. A.
Lewis, S. T.
McAllister, J. G.
Merrill, George S.

Page, E. F.
Richardson, E. P.
Robinson, P. B.
Rollins, John R.
Russell, George W.
Russell, W. A.
Saunders, Daniel
Shattuck, Charles
Small, Henry
Victor, F. M.
Wellman, John R.
Wright, W. H. P.

LYNN— 56.

Harris, N. S.
Hawkes, Nathan M.
Hill, E. L.
Hove}-, Rufus P.
Kimball, Rufus
King, W. P.
Marsh, George E.
Marsh, S. E.
Merrill, E. H.
Merritt, Timothy
Mudge, John
Neal, Peter M.
Newhall, Asa T.
Newhall, G. A.
Newhall, Hiram L.
Newhall George T.
Nichols, Otis
Nichols, Thomas P.
Norris, George, Jr.

Noyes, Geo. C.
Oliver, John E.
Parsons, Charles E.
Pevear, G. K.
Pevear, H. A.
Potter, Edward P.
Preble, J. H.
Rowell, B. W.
Roney, Simon J.
Sargent, George D.
Shorey, John L.
Shorey, George L.
Sawyer, J. A. J.
Tyler, Thaddeus W.
Usher, Roland G.
Whippen, H. C.
Whipple, Geo. H.
Winslow, Aaron

LYNNFIELD— 13.

Bancroft, J. K. Hawkes, George L. Perkins, John

Brown, Joseph Herrick, George E. Perkins, John H.

Cox, Thomas E., Jr. Mansfield, Andrew Roundy, W. R.

Cooper, C. A. Newhall, Frank Smith, Henry E.

Danforth, John M.

200

MANCHESTER— 12.

Allen, Luther Cheever, William M. Merriman, Arthur M.

Allen, Wm. H. Coolidge,T. Jefferson Price, John

Burnham, Frederick Friend, Daniel W. Rabardy, Julius F.
Cheever, John H. Lee, Allen Sturgis, Russell, Jr.

MARBLEHEAD— 16.

Dennis, W. John Nutting, John
Gregory, J. J. H. Paine, Thomas W.
Hathaway, AmosC. Phillips, Wm. S. Jr
Hathaway, Joseph B. Ware, Benjamin P.

Cloutman, B. Henry Hathaway, Seth W. Ware, Horace

Cronin, Michael

Alle}', Amos P.
Alley, Reuben
Appleton, Thomas
Chi Ids, Caleb

Adams, George
Chase, William
Clement, M. G.
England, John J.
Haskell, Wm. H.

Bradley, George B.
Bradley, Frank J.
Buswell, Joseph E.
Butters, W. H.
Currier, Daniel
Crosb}', John S.
Emerson, Jacob, Jr
Frederick, John W.
Gage, George W.
George, John H.

Berry, William
Carlton, O. Loring
Christopher, Wm. P
Currier, George A.
Flint, James

MERRIMAC— 15.

Hill, A. C. Sargent, Bailey

Loud, L. C. Sargent, Geo. W.

Nichols, Chas. H. Sargent, P. Willis

Pike, James D. Sawyer, Thomas C.

Sargent, M. Perry Tewksbury, D. M.

METHUEN— 28.

Gutterson, B. G.
Goss, Chas. E.
How, Joseph
How, Joseph S.
Mann, C. W.
Morrison, D. T.
Morse, Jonathan
Nevins, Henry C.
Noyes, David W.

Patterson, D. H.
Pedlar, S. J.
Phippen, G. S.
Parker, Jas. O.
Sargent, S. G.
Sleeper, Wm. C.
Smith, Walter
Thurlow, J. E.
Tozier, C. L.

MIDDLETON— 13.

Hutchinson, J. A.
Phelps, William A.
Stiles, David
Stiles, Farnum

Stiles, Mrs. Farnham
Stiles, Hiram A.
Stewart, Mrs. S. A.
Wilkins, Lyman S.

201

NAHANT— 1.

Goodale, Byron

Adams, Charles
Adams, Charles W.
Adams, Daniel D,
Adams, George W.
Adams, James K.
Bray, Richard S.
Bray, George W.
Boynton, Charles
Coffin, Wm. P.
Colman, Moses
Dole, Nathaniel
Goodrich, Wm. F.
Hale, Stephen P.
Howard, Horatio M.
Illsley, Edward
Illsley, Paul M.
Illsley, Joseph
Jaques, Richard
Jaques, Richard T.
Jaques, William

NEWBURY— 58.

Jones, William
Kent, John N.
Knight, Edward S.
Kent, Edward
Little, Carlton
Little, Edward F.
Little, George
Little, Joseph
Little, Nathaniel Jr.
Little, William
Little, Wm. Burke
Longfellow, HoraceF
Longfellow, Joseph
Longfellow, Jos. Mrs.
Lucy, Gideon R.
Lunt, Charles M.
Moody, Nath'l W.
Mann, Otis
Newman, Sidney F.

No3Tes, Edwin P.
Noyes, Justin
Noyes, Horace P.
Noyes, James
Noyes, Luther
Noyes, Moses K.
Perkins, Wm. W.
Perkins, Frank
Perkins, Paul A.
Plummer, Daniel Jr.
Plummer, George H.
Randall, George A.
Rogers, Abial
Rolfe, Joseph N.
Tenney, Henry L.
Tenney, Elbridge
Tenney, Daniel G.
Toomey, Mathew H.
Woods, Charles W.

NEWBURYPORT— 70.

Adams, Philip D.
Adams, J. Quincy
Adams, Rufus
Akerman, Joseph
Allen, John W.
Balch, John H.
Ballou, C. N.
Bartlett, T. K.
Batchelder, Dan'l C.
Bayley, Wm. H.
Boardman, Isaac H.
Cashman, Jeremiah
Capers, Thomas
Colby, George J. L.
Colby, George W.
ColmarJ, James C.
Colman, William T.

Cook, T. N.
Cutter, Eben P.
Delano, Otis
Evans, Frank W.
Griffin, Eliphalet
Hale, Joshua
Hamlet, Daniel
Hart, James S.
Hewett, C. C.
Huff, William
Huse, William H.
Jackman, George W
Johnson, Wm. R.
Kent, Otis L.
Knights, George W
Knight, Joseph
Lewis, Samuel W.

Little, Hector
Little, John G.
Lunt, Charles
Maguire, C. N.
Merrill, Enoch
Merrill, George F.
Morrison, Daniel T.
Moseley, Edward A
Moseley, Edward S.
Mosely, Fred'k S.
Moulton. Henry W.
Moulton, Joseph
Nelson, David O. Jr.
Newhall, Asa T.
Northend, E. T.
Noyes, Isaac P.
Ordway, A. D.

202

Ordway, Parsons
Perley, R. M.
Perkins, Charles
Plumrner, Moses A.
Plummer, Wm. C.
Smith, David
Smith, Joseph B.

Smith, Robert A.
Stanle}', B. F.
Stanley, J. C.
Thurlow, William
Titcomb, Albert
Tilton, Enoch

Titcomb, Paul
Toppan, Edward S.
Winkley, J. Otis
Winkley, Paul T.
Winkley, Paul T. Jr,
Young, Hiram

NORTH ANDOVER— 55.

Adams, Edward
Beny, Albert
Blake, J. P.
Bodwell, S. B.
Butterfield, Chas. A.
Bassett, Leon H.
Barker, John
Carlton, Daniel
Carlton, Daniel A.
Crosby, Josiah
Chever, William J.
Davis, George G.
Davis, George E.
Davis, George L.
Dale, William J.
Dale, William J., Jr.
Farnham, B. H.
Farnham, Byron K.
Farnham, Mrs. B. H

Apph'ton, Francis H.
Bancroft, Sidney C.
Barrett, E. P.
Buxton, Henry V.
Brown, Rufus H.
Brown, Lewis
Bushby, N. A.
Brown, W. II.
Blaney, Stephen
Buxton, Robert G.
Carroll, Thomas
Clark, A. B.
Colcord, J. L.

Farnham, Jacob
Farnham, J. L.
Farnham, J. Ralph
Farnham, W. Benj.
Foster, J. Frank
Foster, John P.
Foster, Orrin
French, J. D. W.
Fuller, Abijah P.
Goodhue, Hiram P.
Greene, E. W.
Goodwin, John O.
Holt, Peter, Jr.
Jenkins, Benj. F.
Jenkins, Miloa S.
Johnson, James T.
Johnson, Charles F
Kittredge, Hannah E

PEABODY— 62.

Cummings, Daniel
Curtis, Andrew
Dole, William T.
Durkee, T. C.
Emerton, C. S.
Foster, Ira
Foster, George M.
Gardner, Henry
Goodale, Jacob O.
Goodale, J. P.
Hills, Benjamin M.
Herrick, John E.
Hubbard, A. J.

Loring, Geo. B., Jr.
Man ion, John
Montgomery, Jas. A.
Osgood, Isaac F.
Peters, Nathaniel
Phillips, Willard P.
Poor, James C.
Rea, Loring P.
Reynolds, James H.
Riley, Henry
Robinson. Addison M
.Stevens, Moses T.
Stevens. Oliver
Sutton, Eben
Symonds, Frederick
Wilson, Abiel
Word well, T. 0.
.Wiley, John A.

Hutchinson, Samuel
Hutchinson, C. H.
Jacobs, Edward W.
King, J. Augustus
King, James P.
King, Jonathan
Linehan, John
Little, William H.
Marsh, Fred.
Mansfield, E.
Mansfield, Arthur W.
Marsh, Frank
Marsh, James

203

Needham, George A.Preston, Levi
Needbara, Joseph S. Richardson, W". B.
Newhall Orlando F. Rogers, Jacob C.
Nourse, Samuel W. Saltonstall, Henry
Osborne, Abraham C.Southwick, Sumner
Osborn, Lyman Swett, Samuel

O'Kiefe, Timothy Taylor, George W.
Pepper, George W. Thomas, Josiah B.

Blatchford, Eben
Estes, Alden C.
Hodgkins, John B.
Lane, Andrew
Lane, Andrew, Jr.
Lane, Horace
Low, Mrs. Martha J.

ROCKPORT— 19.

Low, William
Mills, R. P.
Manning, James
Manning, John J.
Manning, William N.
Marshall, John \V.

ROWLEY— 22.

Bartlett, B. W. Hale, Thomas

Blodgette, George B.Hale, T. P.
Daniels, George E. Haggarty, D. L.
Dole, Charles Lambert, Mary G.

Dodge, Joseph D. Mighill, Charles P.
Dummer, Nath'l M. Pike, John
Hale, Clara A. Prime, Daniel B.

Hale, Daniel H.

Twiss, Everett M.
Viles, Bowman
Walcott, John G.
Wallace, David B.
Walton, George D.
Ward, Winsor M.
Wheeler, Benj. S.

Norwood, Gorham
Patch, William H.
Smith, Allen
Smith, Beaman C.

Smith, William H.
York, Nathaniel S.

Potter, Edward H.
Stockbridge, Seth
Stockbridge, A. J.
Tennev, Harrison J.
Todd, "Frank P.
Todd, John F.
Todd, J. Scott

Andrews, Randall
Andrews, Samuel P.
Alnvy, James F.
Abbott, Nathaniel
Barton, Gardner
Cur wen, James B.
Chamberlain, James
Curwen, Samuel H.
Clark, Charles S.
Collins, William F.M
Daland, John
Endicott, William C.

SALEM— 71.

Endicott, William P.
Felt, John
Foote, Caleb
Foster, Joseph C.
Foster, AVilliam H.
Foster, William J.
Goodhue, William P.
Gray, Benjamin A.
Gibney, John
Gardner, D. B.
Hathaway, John
Hanson, Clement R.

Hale, Henry
Hale, Henry A.
Horton, N. A.
Ives, John S.
Jones, Samuel G.
Kinsman, John
Kemble, Arthur
Lamson, Frederick
Loring, George B.
Lander, William A.
Lyford, Francis W.
Mack, William

204

Manning, Robert
Merritt, David
Morse, E. Henry
Newcomb, Caleb
Northend, Wm. D.
Peabody, John P.
Perkins, E. R.
Putnam, Henry W.
Phippen, George D.
Potter, Daniel
Potter, William
Pinjn-ee, David

Pettingell, George
Pickering, Wm. Jr.
Page, John G.
Page, James E.
Pickering, Benjamin
Robinson, John
Ropes, Charles A.
Rogers, A. D.
Reynolds. Henry E.
Rowell, E. F.
Ropes, John C.
Saunders, Robert J.

Smith, Andrew
Shreve, 0. B.
Spencer, Charles P.
Swasey, John A.
Stowe, Volney C.
Streeter, Gilbert L.
Tracey, Patrick
Ware, Horace C.
Wheatland, Heniy
White, Frank W.
Waters, David P.

Bartlett, Moses J.
Dole, Edward G.
Dow, George A.
Eaton, John H.
Evans, John Q.

Blodgett, J. W.
Faxon, M. B.
George, Henry M.

SALISBURY— 15.

Getchell, N. Tracy Smith, John F.
Greeley, Furmer H. Thornton, Robert
Morrill, Abram L. True, P. Albert
Pettengill, Wesley True, Eben
Pettengill,Jolm Q. A.Greenleaf, Wm. H.

Houghton, T. O. W. Newhall, Joseph
Hawkes, Samuel

SAUGUS— 13.

Hawkes, Louis P. Noble, William
Hill, Alfred C. Penney, George H.

Newhall, Herbert B. Robinson, E. P.

Whitehead, Joseph

Crosman, S. F.
Holden, Philander
Pettingell, L. D.

SWAMPSCOTT— 9.

Pettingell, S. J. Washburne, John

Rowe, Allen Warren, David

Stetson, Charles A. Warren, Mrs. N. J.

Batchelder, T. W.
Billings, Augustus T.
Bradstreet, Dudley
Averill, George F.
Derrick, Charles
Hood, S. D.
Lamson, J. Arthur

TOPSFIELD— 20.

Leach, Charles H.
Leach, Thomas K.
Manning, James
Peabody, Charles J.
Pike, Baxter P.
Poole, Benjamin
Stan wood, Joseph E,

Towne, Frank H.
Ward, Richard
Wihles, Moses
Wildes, Eugene L.
Wilson, James
Woodbury, Isaac M.

205

Alley, Henry
Cole, Zacariah
Demsev, H. H.
Dodge," Robert F.
Dodge, George F.
Dodge, William P.

WEN HAM— 18.
Edwards, Francis R. Parsons, George W.

Hobbs, A. F.
Hobbs, Henry
Kavanagh, J.
Pingree, David
Peabody, George

Patch, Henry
Perkins, Nathan'l P.
Putnam, Charles O.
Tilton, George H.
Whitman, F. A.

WEST NEWBURY— 45.

Bailey, William P.
Bradley, C. S.
Boynton, Eben M.
Brown, Harden
Bartlett, M". Walsh
Bailey, Lawrence H.
Bryant, William
Carr, E. Dole
Carr, Samuel
Follansbee, B. A.
Flook, George L.
Goodridge, David L.
Goodridge, H. M.
Gordon, J. R.
Gowen, Francis H.

Gowen, Oscar
Jacques, Romulus
Jacques, Stephen A.
King, T. J.
Lane, Isaac N.
Merrill, William
Merrill, William E.
Merrill, M. B.
Merrill, Henry
Moore, Alfred L.
Nason, Ezekiel G.
Nason, Henry F.
Nelson, Daniel P.
Newell, Richard
Noyes, Stephen E.

Ordward, Cyrus D.
Ordway, Cyrus K.
Ordway, Thomas G.
Ordway, Charles W.
Poore, Moses H.
Poore, Amos
Poore, Ben : Perley
Poore, George H.
Ridgwa}-, Moses M.
Ridgway, M. M. Jr.
Rogers, Calvin
Rogers, George C.
Stanwood, Moses P.
Thurlow, Thomas C.
Titcomb, Silas M.

NON-RESIDENTS— 1 1 6 .

Alley, James E.

Burnham, Ira T., Lexington

Babson, Gustavus, Jr., Seward

Neb.
Barker, John G., Boston
Beckford, C. H., Boston
Balch, William II., Maiden
Balch, Eustis, California.
Bodwell, Hemy A., Keene, N.H,
Black, James D., Harvard
Blunt, J. Milton, Springfield
Bodwell, Jos. R.,Hallowell, Me
Brackett, H. Clarke, Virginia.
Brocklebank, S., Rumney, N.H,
Burnham, Choate, Boston
Butler, Benjamin F., Lowell

Clarke, Joseph F., Boston
Currier, William A., Boston
Chapin,W. C, Providence, R.I.
Cleavelaud, H. W. S., Chicago
Colby, Charles A., New York
Chase, Joseph S., Maiden
Care}', James, QuincjT
Caldwell, L., Jacksonville, Fla.
Campbell, Charles H., New Ro-

chelle, N. Y.
Carey, James, New York.
Day, Abraham, Boston
Davis, Phineas E., Chicago
Dole, Francis F., Chicopee
Dodge, Albert W., Brighton
Dodge, John S., Chicopee

206

Drew, Charles R., Medford Putnam, Benjamin C, Chelsea
Eaton, Thos., Hanistown, 111. Putnam, Moses W., Philadelphia
Emanuel, Henry, New York Pierce, William, Boston
Earrell, Edwin C, Reading Page, Adino, Metamora, 111.
Felton, Wm. H., Sherborn Page, Nathan, Jr., Wakefield

Flint, Charles L.. Boston Poor, Henry, New York

Fowler, W. \V\, Plymouth Porter, Dudley H., Saratoga,

Fernald, Henry B., Washington N. Y.

Foster, James B., Melrose Payson, Samuel F., New York

Flagg, Wilson, Cambridge Patch, A. H., Clarkville, Tenn.

Flint, Horace P., Boston Putnam, Wm. R., Red Wing,

French, Charles, Davenport, O. Minn.
French, Geo. H., Davenport, O.Phelps, N. L., Iowa
Gannett, W. W., Boston Phillips, Samuel, Brighton

Gilman, S. E., Kingston, N.H.Phillips, A. P., Medfield
Gookin, Samuel F., Boston Quimby.T.W., Washington, Mo.
Green, John A., New York Raymond, Samuel, New York
Greene, Arthur M.,Philadelphialleynolds, W. B., Deny, N. H.
Hadley, William, Boston Robinson, John L., Manchester,

Hale, Joseph S., Stockton, Cal. N. H.
Hayes, J. F. C, Iowa Rogers, Benjamin, Maiden

Hill, Mark F., Deny, N. H. Rogers, William, Illinois
Hubbard, J. G.,Hampste'd,N. H.Stone, Edwin M. Provid'ce,R.I.
Holt, H. E., Lexington Snow, Jesse W., Boston

Hutchinson, C. H., Rhinebeck, Sargent, Elmer P., Maiden

N. Y. Sargent, G.P., Philadelphia, Pa.

Hubbard, Leavitt, Turner's FallsStickney, Niles T., Chicago, 111.
Hicock, S. S., Rochester, N. H.Stanley, Samuel S., Boston
Kent, Albert S., Colorado Safford, N.T.,Dunbarton,N. H.

Kimball, Jonathan, Boston Smith, George J., Boston
Kimball, W. F., Providence, R.I. Stickney,Chas.,FonduLac, Wis.
King, D. Webster, Boston Sleeper, S. C, Plaistow, N. H.
Knight, J. M., Maine Shattuck, L. P., Boston

Lamb, Wm. D., Southbridge Spofford, Farnham, Washington
Lyford, Geo. H., New York Titcomb, Charles A., Boston
Lake, Chas. H., Churchill, Md. Taylor, George H., Everett
Low, Sidney, Groton Tappan, S. B., Arlington

McFarland, L., Maine Wentzel, David, Amherst

Mitchell, Charles, Milton Whittemore, Chas. A., Boston

Merrill, Hajden A., Dedham Ware, Darwin E., Boston
Moulton, Beverly S., Boston Whittemore, J. R., Chicopee
Nichols, Albert, Chicago, 111. Wheeler, H. T., Worcester
Nichols, D. P., Boston Webb, Michael, Jr., Cambridge

Noyes, A. P., Lowell Walker, Dexter M., Boston

Ordway, G. W., Manch'r, N. H. Wilder, S. W., Lowell
Total number, December, 1886 — 1405 members.

1887

PREMIUM LIST OK

Kssex Agricultural Society

FOR THE

Sixty-Seventh Annual Cattle Show and Fair,

To be held September 27th and 28th, 1887, probably in
Peabody.

DUTIES OF TRUSTEES.

The Trustee of each town is instructed to see the several
members of Committees in his town previous to the Show, and
urge upon them the importance of attending to their duties.
Also impress upon exhibitors from localities near to the Exhi-
bition the importance of entering their exhibits the afternoon
and evening of Monday, in fairness to those from a distance,
who are obliged to come Tuesday.

To be prompt at the meeting of the Society for filling vacan-
cies in committees on the first day of the Exhibition.

Committees on live stock and articles exhibited on the Fair
Grounds should appear at the Secretary's office on the grounds
at 1 o'clock, punctually, on the first day of the Exhibition, and
there organize, take the books of entry and proceed at once to
business.

DUTIES OF COMMITTEES.

Full reports of Committees, on the blanks furnished by the
Secretary, to be signed by all the members acting on the same,
are required of each committee.

Three members of any committee consisting of more than
that number are authorized to act.

No committee is authorized to award gratuities, except the
committees on agricultural implements, carriages, bread, honey
and canned fruits, domestic manufactures, fruits, vegetables in

208

Hall, and flowers; or any premium, unless the rules of the So-
ciety have been strictly complied with. Neither shall they award
premiums or gratuities in excess of the amount appropriated.

No gratuity is to be awarded of less than fiftj7 cents.

The several committees are requested to affix premium cards
(which may be had of the Secretary or assistant on the grounds
and at the hall) to the several animals or articles, designating
the grade of premium awarded each, and the name of the per-
son to whom awarded, and special care should be taken that
the cards issued correspond with the awards in their report to
the Society.

No claimant for a premium can be a member of the commit-
tee upon the subject on which he makes his claim.

The reports of award of premiums on ploughing and on ani-
mals and articles exhibited at the Show, will be delivered to the
Secretary and announced on Wednesday.

The Society offers liberal premiums for the best reports of
committees ; and the chairmen of the several committees are
requested to present to the Secretary a full report explanatory
of the opinions of the committee on the matter referred to them,
within t\fo weeks after the awards are made at the Show, for
publication in the Transactions.*

Reports on farms, crops, etc., to be presented previous to
the meeting of the Trustees in November.

Any member of a committee who cannot serve on the same, is
requested to give notice to the Secretary, before the Show, so that
the vacancy may be filled.

Each member of the several committees will receive a ticket
of admission to the hall of exhibition, on application to the
Secretary.

♦Chairmen of committees will please notice this request.

GENERAL RULES.

All claims (entries) for premiums to be awarded at the Exhi-
bition must be entered with the Secretary of the Society, or his
agent, on or before 11 o'clock, A. M., of the first day thereof.

All claims (entries) for premiums (on Fair Grounds) must
be handed or forwarded to the Secretary or his agent, in writing,
previous to the day of the Fair, if possible.

Any person not a member of the Society, receiving an award
of seven dollars and upwards, shall receive a certificate of mem-
bership, for which three dollars of his award will be retained to
increase the funds of the Society.

209

Diplomas awarded will be delivered and premiums paid on
application, either by the person to whom the premium or gra-
tuity is awarded, or an agent duly authorized, by the Treasurer,
at First National Bank, Salem.

In all cases the reports of award of premiums and gratuities
made b}r the several committees and adopted by the Society
shall be final. Committees should see that the premium cards
issued correspond with the premiums and gratuities awarded in
their report.

All premiums and gratuities awarded, the payment of which
is not demanded of the Treasurer on or before the first day of
September next succeeding the Exhibition, will be considered as
given to increase the funds of the Society.

No person shall be entitled to receive a premium, unless he
complies with the conditions on which the premiums are offered,
and by proper entry as required, gives notice of his intention to
compete for the same ; and committees are instructed to award
no premium unless the animal or article offered is worth}'.

No animal or object that is entered in one class, with one
committee, shall be entered in another class, except town teams,
fat cattle, working oxen and draft horses, which ma}' be entered
for ploughing, and milch cows, which may be entered with a herd.

In regard to all the subjects for which premiums are offered,
it is to be distinctly understood that the Trustees reserve to
themselves the right of judging the quality of the animal or ar-
ticle offered ; and that no premiums will be awarded unless the
objects of them are of a decidedly superior quality.

Pure Bred Animals, defined by the State Board of Agricul-
ture.

The proof that an animal is so bred should be a record of the
animal or its ancestors, as recorded in some herd book, recog-
nized by leading breeders, and the public generally as complete
and authentic.

Standards adopted: — American Jersey C. C. Register and
American Jersey Herd Book, Ayrshire Record and Holstein
Herd Book.

PREMIUMS TO BE AWARDED IT THE SHOW.

The Committees will take notice that no premium will be
aivarded unless the animals or objects are of a decidedly superior
quality.

Diplomas may be awarded for animals or articles of sp>ecial
merit.

210
CATTLE AND OTHER FARM STOCK.

TO BE ENTERED IN THE NAME OF THEIR PROPER OWNER.

All animals, to be eligible to a premium, shall have been
raised by tbe owner within the County, or owned by the exhib-
itor within the County for four months previous to the date of
the Exhibition, except Working Oxen.

All animals, whether teams for ploughing or animals entered
for premium or exhibition, will be fed during the Exhibition,
and longer when they are of necessity prevented from leaving,
at the expense of the Societ}\

FAT CATTLE.

Fat Cattle, fatted within the County, regard being had to
manner of feeding and the expense thereof, all of which shall be
stated by the exhibitor in writing and returned to the Secretary
with committee's report.

Best Pair of Fat Cattle, premiums, each, $10, $8, $4

Best Fat Cow, premiums, each, $8, $6, $4

THOROUGHBRED BULLS.

♦Ayrshire, Jersey, Short Horn, Devon, or of am- other recog-
nized thoroughbred breed, for each breed,

Two years old and upwards, premiums, $10, $5

Under two years, premiums, for each breed, $5, $3

Bull Calves under one year old, premium, $2

BULLS OF ANY AGE OR BREED.

*For the best thoroughbred Bull of any age or breed, with
five of his stock not less than one year old, quality and condi-
tion to be taken into account, and especially the adaptability of
the animal to the agriculture of the Count}r, premium, $12

*Note. — Competitors are required to give a written statement of pedigree,
and committees are requested to be particular in this respect, and return them
to the Secretary with report.

MILCH COWS.

For the best Milch Cow of any age or breed, with satisfactory
record in quarts or pounds of her daily yield of milk for one
or more years, premium, $15

For best Milch Cow, either of Foreign, Native or Grade, not
less than four nor more than ten years old, with satisfactory

211

evidence as to quantity and quality of milk, either by weight
or measure, during the evening and morning of the first and
last ten days of any month, premiums, $10, $4

Thoroughbred Ayrshire, Jersey, Devon, Short Horn, or any
other recognized breed, four years old and upwards, premiums,
for each breed, $10, $4

Native or Grade, five years old and upwards, premiums,

$10, $4

For the Cow that makes the most butter in any single week
from June 1st to September 15th, premiums, . $10, $4

Note. — A written statement will be required of the age and breed of all
Milch Cows entered, and time they dropped their last calf, and when they
will next calve, the kind, quality arid quantity of their food during the season,
and the manner of their feeding, which statement is to be returned to the Sec-
retary with Committee's report.

HERD OF MILCH COWS.

For the best herd of Milch Cows, not less than five in num-
ber, to be exhibited at the Show, and a correct statement of
manner of keeping and yield from January 1st, preceding the
Show, premiums, $18, $12

For the greatest produce of Milk on any farm, in proportion
to the number of cows producing it, not less than four, from
April 1, 1886, to April 1, 1887, statement to be made of the
exchanges made, manner and expense of food, use made of
milk, and such other facts as will illustrate the entire manage-
ment, special regard being had to the mode in which the account
is kept, premium, Diploma, and $15

Note.— The above-mentioned statement is to be returned to the Secretary
with Committee's report.

HEIFERS.

First Class. — Thoroughbred Ayrshire, Jersey or Short Horn
under four years old, in milk, premiums, for each breed, $10, $4

Devon, or any other recognized breed, premium,
for each breed, $10

Two year olds of each breed that have never calved,
premiums, $4, $3

One year olds of each breed, premiums, $4, $3

Heifer Calves, thoroughbred, under one year,
premiums, for each breed, $4, $3

Second Class. — Native or Grade Milch, under four
years old, premiums, $10, $4

Two year olds, that have never calved, premiums, $4, $3

One year olds and less than two, premiums, $4, $3

Heifer Calves, Native or Grade, under one year old,
premiums, $4, $3

212

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

Stags excluded. For best pair of Working Oxen under eight
and not less than five years old, taking into view their size,
power, quality and training, premiums, $12, $10, $8

For best pair Working Steers four years old, to be entered in
the name of the owner, premiums, $10, $6

Xote. — The Committee are required to consider the quality and shape of
the cattle as well as their working capacity. The training of working oxen
and steers will be tested by trial on a cart or wagon containing a load weigh-
inir two tons for oxen, and 3000 pounds for steers. JOT At the time of entry
a certificate of the weight of the cattle must be filed with the Secretary.

TOWN TEAMS.

For best Town Team of Oxen, ten yoke or more,
premiums, $20, $12

For best Town Team of Oxen, eight or nine yoke,
premiums, $15, $8

For best Town Team of Horses, ten or more pairs,
premiums, $20, $12

For best Town Team of Horses, eight or nine
pairs, premiums, $15, $8

STEERS.

For best pair three year old steers, broken to the yoke,
premiums, $8, $6

For best pair two year old Steers, premiums, $6, $5

For best pair yearling Steers, premiums, $5, $4

For best pair of Steer calves, premiums, $4, $2

STALLIONS.

All Stallions entered in either class must have been owned
by the exhibitor four months previous to the exhibition.

First Class. For best Stallion for Farm and Draft Horses,
four years old and upwards, diploma or premiums, $10, $6, $4

For best Stallion, three years old, premiums, $8, $5

For best Stallion of any age, and five colts of his stock not
less than one year old, quality and condition to be taken into
account, premium, $15

Secomj Class — For best Stallion for Driving Horses, four
years old and upwards, premiums, Diploma, $10, $6, $4

Best Stallion of any age and five colts of his stock, not less
that one year old, quality and condition to be taken into ac-
count, premiums, $15

213

BROOD MARES.

For best Brood Mare, with her foal not more than eight
months old by her side, premiums, $10, $6, $4

Note. — No brood mare or stallion will be entitled to a premium unless free
from all apparent defects capable of being transmitted.

FAMILY HORSES.

For best family Horse, premiums, $10, $6, $4

Note. — No horse will receive a premium unless free from aUunsoundness.

GENTLEMEN'S DRIVING HORSES.
For Best Driving Horse, premiums, $10, $6, $4

FARM HORSES.

For best Farm Horse, premium, $10, $6, $4

Note. — No horse will be allowed except those actually used on farms, and
in no case will competitors be allowed to take more than a specified load, 2000
lbs. No obstruction shall be placed either before or behind the wheels in tri-
als of Draft horses of either class. If this rule is not complied with the pre-
mium shall be withheld.

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES.

For best pair of Farm Horses with load of two tons, premiums,

$12, $8, $4
COLTS FOR DRAFT PURPOSES.

First Class. For best Mare or Gelding four year old colt,

premiums, $10, $6, $4

For best Mare or Gelding, three year old colt, premiums,

$o, $o

Second Class. For best two year old Stallion, Gelding or

Mare Colt, premiums, $10, $6, $4

For best yearling Stallion, Gelding or Mare Colts, premiums,

$6, $4
COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES.

First Class. For best Mare or Gelding four }-ear old Colt,
premiums, $10, $6, $4

For best Mare or Gelding three year old Colt, premiums,

$8, $5

Second Class. For best two year old Stallion, Gelding or
Mare Colt, premiums, $6, $4

For best yearling Stallion, Gelding or Mare Colt, premiums,

214

SWINE.

First Class. Large breeds, viz : Cheshire, Berkshire,
Chester Count}- Whites, Poland China, Large Yorkshire, and
any other breed or grade weighing more than 300 lbs. at ma-
turity.

For best Boar, premiums, $8, $5

For best Breeding Sow, premiums, $8, 85

For best Litter of Weaned Pigs, premiums, $8, $5

Note. — Litters of Weaned Pigs must be not less than four in number, be-
tween two and four months old.

Second Class. Small breeds, such as Suffolk, Essex, Small
Yorkshire, China, and any other breed or grade weighing less
than 300 lbs. at maturity, same premiums as in First Class.

SHEEP.

For best flock, not less than ten in number, premiums,

$10, $6

For best Buck, premium, $8

For best lot of Lambs, not less than four in number, between

four and twelve months old, premium, $4

POULTRY.

For the best pair of Light Brahmas, Dark Brahmas, Buff
Cochins, Partridge Cochins, Black Cochins, White Cochins,
Ptymouth Rocks, Dominiques, White Leghorns, Brown Leg-
horns, Dominique Leghorns, Black Spanish, Hamburgs, Polish,
Games, Dorking, Bantams, Black, White and Mottled Javas,
Wyandottes, White Wyandottes, Andalusian, Erminet, Lang-
shangs and Frizzle, each, premiums, 62, $1

Chickens of. above varieties, premiums, 62, 81

For the best breeding pen of each variety — Diploma of the
Society.

Premiums shall be awarded on a score of not less than 176
points for first premium and 166 points for second premium.

Best lot of Geese, Ducks, Turkeys, premiums, $2, 81

For the best coop of 10 or more Fowls exhibited, whether
thoroughbreds crossed or mixed, with an account for one 3'ear,
showing cost of keeping, production and profit, premium, 85

For the best pair of dressed Fowls, Chickens and Ducks, pre-
mium, 82

For the best dozen of Eggs, no more and no less than twelve
in number exhibited, premium, 81

Any exhibitor interfering with the Judges in the discharge of

215

their duties or interfering with, or handling any specimen on
exhibition, other than his own, shall forfeit all claim he may
have in the premium list.

All breeds exhibited separately and to be judged by the rules
of the " American Standard of Excellence."

PLOUGHING.

General Note on Ploughing. Stags are excluded. Teams must be en-
tered in the names of their owners, and only double ox-teams to have drivers.
A team consisting of one pair of oxen and a horse will be considered a double
team. The owners of separate teams may unite the same and. be allowed to
compete for premiums. The ploughmen and drivers must have been resi-
dents of the County at least three months before the exhibition. Those who
intend to be competitors must give notice to the Secretary on or before Sat-
urday previous to the Show. The lands will be staked, but each ploughman
will be required to strike out his own land. Ploughmen with land-side ploughs
are to back furrow three furrows on each side of the stakes set, the last fur-
row to be of the depth required in the class. Ploughmen with swivel ploughs
to turn the outside of their furrows to the stakes on one side, and to finish
one foot from the stake on the other. Committees to note and report the kind
of plough used.

Ploughing — Double Teams. — For the best performance of
Ploughing, one-sixth of an acre, at least eight inches deep, pre-
miums, $12, $10, $9, $8

Ploughing — Single Teams. — For the best performance in
Ploughing, one-sixth of an acre, at least six inches deep, pre-
miums, $10, $9, $5

Ploughing — With Horses. — For the best performance with
any form of Plough, except Swivel, one-sixth of an acre, at
least six inches deep, premiums, • $10, $7, $5

Ploughing with Three or Four Horses. — Eight inches
deep with three horses without driver, premium, $10

With four horses with driver, premium, $10

Ploughing — Swivel Plough. — For the best performance,
one-sixth of an acre, either with double or single ox-team, dou-
ble teams, at least eight inches deep, single teams six inches,
premiums, • $12, $10, $8

Horse teams, consisting of two horses, ploughing at least six
inches deep, premiums, $10, $6

Ploughing — Sulky Plough. — For the best performance, tak-
ing into account ease of draft, amount and quality of work, pre-
miums, $10, $8

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

For the best collection of Implements and Machines, (no ar-
ticle offered in collection will be entitled to a separate premium)

Diploma and $10
Best Market Wagon, premium, $5

216

Best Farm Wagon for one or two horses, premium, $3

Best Horse Cart, premium, $5

Best Hay, Straw, or Corn Cutter, premium, $1.50

Best Ox Yoke, complete, premium, 81.50

Best Fruit Evaporator, with sample of work, premium, $5
Best set of Horse Shoes, including those for over-reaching,
interfering, and stumbling horses, premium, $5

For implements not specified, to be awarded by the Commit-
tee, premium, $40
No premium or gratuity will be awarded for an}' Mower,
Horse Rake, Tedder, or other Machine or Implement, the merit
of which can be known only by actual trial in the field ; but
manufacturers are invited to offer the same for exhibition and
inspection.

CARRIAGES.

For Carriages, built in the County, and exhibited by the man-
ufacturer, a diploma, and thirty dollars in gratuties, may be
awarded by the Committee.

IN EXHIBITION HILL.

Committees on articles exhibited in the hall should be spec-
ially careful that the premium cards issued correspond with the
names and sums in the reports to the Society.

DAIRY.

For best specimens of Butter made on any farm within the
County, the present year, samples not less than five pounds to
be exhibited, with a full account of the process of making and
management of the Butter, premiums, $10, $8, $6

For best specimens of New Milk Cheese, made on any farm
in the Count}*, the present year, samples of not less than fifty
pounds to be exhibited, with statement in writing of the method
of making and preserving the same, premiums $8, $6, $4

Note. — Each lot presented for premium and the statement accompanying
it, must be numbered, but not marked so as to indicate the claimant; any pub-
lic or known mark must be completely concealed; nor must the competitors
be present at the examination.

To the person who shall furnish to the Society satisfactory
evidence of the greatest amount of Butter made from an}* quan-
tity of milk, being the whole produce of any single cow, for the
first week of June, July, August and September next, stating

217

the whole amount of Butter produced in each week, and also
the time when the cow dropped her last calf, and her feed and
management all to be taken into account in making the award,
premiums, Diploma and &10, $5

Note. — The object in offering this last premium is to elicit inquiry as to
the value and quality of milk for the production of butter. As far as practi-
cable it is desirable that the race and pedigree of the cow should be given.

BREAD, HONEY AND CANNED FRUIT.

For White Bread made of wheat flour and raised by yeast,
premiums, $3, $2, SI

For yeast bread made from Graham flour, premiums, $2, $1

For 3'east bread made from other grains, or other grains mixed
with wheat, premiums, $1.50, $1

All bread, entered for premiums, to be in loaves weighing not
less than one pound each, and to be not less than 24 hours old,
also to have a full written statement over the signature and ad-
dress of the maker, stating the kind of flour used, quantit}' of
each ingredient, how mixed and length of time kneaded and
raised, which statements on all premium bread are to be sent to
the Secretary with report of the Committee for publication.

For first and second best display of Bees, Hives and Aparian
Implements, to be accompanied with a description of the bees,
hives, etc., number of hives in use and amount of surplus hon-
ey taken from them during the season, premiums, $5, S3

First and second best Honey, ten pounds in comb and one
pound of same extracted, made in the County, with statement
signed of kind of bees and hive and time of year when honey
was made, premiums, $3, $2

For first and second best collection of Pickles, Preserved
Fruits, and Jellies, made from products of the Count}', ichen
premiums are awarded, the method of making to be sent to the
Secretary by the Committee for publication. Premiums, S3, $2

For the first and second best five pounds of Dried Apples,
grown and dried within the County, with statement of process
used and amount of labor and time required in preparing and
drying, such statement on premium fruit to be given to the Secre-
tary for publication, premiums S3, $2

In addition to the above, are placed in the hands of the Com-
mittee for gratuities on other articles entered in this department,
products of this County deemed worthy, $5

FRUIT.

All fruit must be entered in the name of the producer, and
each exhibitor must certify to the same on the Entry Book, or

218

lists of the varieties of each class of fruit, to be filed when en-
try is made. (Committees are not authorized to make awards
to those who do uot compby with this rule.)

Tables will be labeled in a conspicuous manner by the hall
committee, before the entry of Exhibitors, with the names of
fruit, for which premiums are offered, all others of same class of
fruit to be labelled miscellaneous. Exhibitors must place their
several varieties of each class of fruit where indicated b}- such
labels, or be considered by the committee as not competing for
premium.

Plates of 24 specimens of fruit, when premiums are offered
therefor, must be entered and placed by the exhibitor on the ta-
ble assigned for the exhibit of that class of fruit.

To entitle exhibitors to receive premiums and gratuities award-
ed, they are required (when requested by the committee) to give
information in regard to the culture of their fruit.

PEARS.

For best twelve specimens of the following varieties, which
are recommended for cultivation in Essex County : Bartlett,
Belle Lucrative, Beurre Bose, Beurre d' Anjou, Duchess d' An-
gouleme, Dana's Hovey, Lawrence, Louise Bonne de Jersey,
Maria Louisa, Onondaga, Paradise d' Automne, Seckel, Shel-
don, Unbaniste, Vicar of Winkfield, Beurre Langlier, Howell,
Beurre Hardy and Beurre Clairgeau, each, $3

Doyenne d Ete, Beurre Gifford and Clapp's Favorite (ripen-
ing early) are recommended for cultivation, but no premium is
offered.

For each dish of twelve best specimens of any other varieties
deemed worthy by the committee, SI. 50

For best dish of Pears, not less than twent3*-four specimens,
premium, $6

In addition to the above, are placed at the disposal of the
committee, to be awarded in gratuities of not less than $1 each,

$20
APPLES.

For best twelve specimens of the following varieties, which
are recommended for cultivation in Essex Count}' : Baldwin,
Danvers Winter Sweet, King of Tomkin.s Co., Granite Beauty,
Red Russet, McCarty, Tolman's Sweet, Bailey's Sweet, Drap
d'Or, Hubbardston Nonesuch, Hurlburt, Porter, Pickman's Pip-
pin, Roxbury Russet, Rhode Island Greening, Sweet Baldwin,
Gravenstein, Hunt's Russet, Smith's Cider, premium for each,

219

Red Astrachan, William's Favorite, Tetofsky and Sweet
Bough are recommended for cultivation, but no premium is
offered, (ripening early.)

For best twelve specimens of any other varieties deemed wor-
thy by the committee, premium for each, Si. 50

For best twenty-four specimens of an}' variety, Apples, $6

For best twenty-four specimens of any variety of Crab Apple
deemed worthy by the committee, Si .f»0

In addition to the above, are placed at the disposal of the
committee, to be awarded in gratuities of not less than $1 each,

$20

PEACHES, GRAPES AND ASSORTED FRUITS.

For best nine specimens of Freestone White Flesh, Yellow
Flesh, Essex County Seedling, each, $2

For best collection of Peaches, premium, S3

For best four bunches of Concord, Worden's Seedling, Bright-
on, Hartford Prolific, Delaware, Martha, Moore's Early, Niag-
ara, each, S3

For best exhibition of Cold House Grapes, produced with not
over one month's artificial heat, premiums, $6, $4

For best collection of ten varieties, not less than ten pounds,
premium, S7

For best specimens of four bunches of other varieties deemed
worthy by the committee, premium, Si. 50

For best basket of Assorted Fruit, premiums, $4, S3

In addition to the above, are placed at the disposal of the
committee, to be awarded in gratuities of not less than 50 cents
each, $25

FLOWERS.

For best display of Foliage Plants in pots, at least ten

specimens, premiums, $3, $2

For best pair of Parlor Bouquets of choice flowers,

premium, $3

For best pair of Hand Bouquets of choice flowers,

premium, $2

For best display of Cut Flowers, premiums, $3, $2

For best four Ferns in pots, premium, $1

For best four Gloxinias, in pots, premium, $1

For best four Coleus in pots, premium, $1

For best specimen of any species of Begonia in pot,

premium, $1

For best grown Pot Plant of any species, not from a

greenhouse, premium, $1

220

For best Bouquet of Garden Flowers, premium, $

For best arranged Basket of Garden Flowers, premium, $
For best twelve garden Dahlias, six varieties, premium, $
For best twelve Bouquet Dahlias, six varieties, premium, $
For best twelve Single Dahlias raised from seed by

exhibitor, premium, $

For best twenty-four Asters, six varieties, premium, $

For best twelve Carnation Pinks, four varieties, premium, $
For best twelve spikes of Gladiolus, four varieties,

premium, $

For best twenty-four Petunias, six varieties, premium, $
For best twenty-four Verbenas, six varieties, premium, $
For best twenty-four Double Zinnias, four varieties,

premium, $

For best twenty-four French and African Marigolds,

six varieties, premium, $

For best twelve Calendulas or Pot Marigolds, two

varieties, premium, $

For best twelve Japan Lilies, two varieties, premium, $

For best twelve trusses of Geraniums, four varieties,

premium, $

For best twelve trusses of Garden Phlox, four varieties,

premium, $

For best collection of Drummond's Phlox, six varieties,

premium, $

For Mourning Bride, four varieties, premium, $

For Nasturtiums, four varieties, premium, $

For Pansies, six varieties, premium, $

For Everlastings, six varieties, $

For Garden Annuals, six specimens of at least ten

varieties, premium, $

For Roses, three varieties, premium, $

For best Floral Design of choice flowers, premium, $2

For best collection of Native Plants, to be marked with the

correct botanical and common names, and neatly displayed in

separate bottles, premiums, $5, $3

For best arrangement of Native Flowers and Autumn Leaves,

premium, $2

In gratuities to contributors in this department, as the arti-
cles may seem to merit, will be awarded, $20

1. Every plant or flower entered for premium (except native
flowers) must be grown by the exhibitor.

2. No premium shall be awarded unless the specimens ex-
hibited are of average excellence and worth}' of such premium.

3. No specimen entered for one premium shall be admitted
in competition for another different premium.

221

VEGETABLES.

Beets — For best twelve specimens, Eclipse and Dewing,
premium, each, $3

Carrots — For best twelve, short top long Orange and
Dauvers Intermediate, premium, each, $3

For best twelve, Short Horn Orange Carrots, premium, $2
Mangold Wurtzels — For best six specimens, premium, $3
Flat Turnips — Twelve specimens. For best Purple Top
and White Flat, premium, each, $3

Ruta Bagas — Twelve specimens. For best Yellow and
White, premium, each, $3

Parsnips — For best twelve specimens, premium, S3

Onions — One peck. For best Danvers, Yellow Flat and
Red, premium, each, $1

Potatoes — One peck. For best Early Rose, Beauty of He-
bron, Clark's No. 1, Pearl of Savoy, Early Maine, premium,
each, $3

Cabbages — For best three specimens Savoy, Fottler's Drum-
head, Stone Mason Drumhead, Red Cabbage, each, premium,

$3
For next best, each, premium, $2

Cauliflowers — For best three specimens, premium, $3

For next best, premium, $2

Celeiy — For best four roots, premium, $2

Sweet Corn — For twelve ears ripest and best Early,
premium, $3

For best twelve ears in milk, Late, premium, $3

Squashes — For best three specimens Marrow, American Tur-
ban, Hubbard, Marblehead, Essex Hybrid, premium, each, $3
Melons — For best three specimens Nutmeg, Musk, Cassaba,
each, premium, $2

For best two specimens Watermelons, premium, $2

Tomatoes — For best twelve specimens Round, Flat, Spherical,
Essex Hybrid, or any other variet}r, each, premium, $3

For exhibition of greatest variety, premium, S3

Cranberries — For peck cultivated, premiums, $3, $2, $1

For best collections of vegetables, premiums, $8, $6

Placed at the disposal of this committee for whatever appears
meritorious, $30

dPNo competitor for premium to exhibit more or less num-
ber of specimens of any vegetables than the premiums are of-
fered for.

Collections of Vegetables, where premiums are offered for a number of
varieties, must be entered and placed by themselves on the tables assigned for
collections. Ko collection shall receive but one premium. Specimens of any

222

variety in such collections are not to compete with specimens of the same va-
riety placed elsewhere. Exhibitors of such collections, however, are not pre-
vented from exhibiting additional specimens of any variety, with and in
competition with like variety.

Size of Vegetables. — Turnip Beets to be from 3 to 5 inches in diameter;
Onions, 2 1-2 to 4 inches in largest diameter: Potatoes to be of good size for
family use; Squashes to be pure and well ripened — Turban, Marrow, Hub-
bard/Marblehead, each to weigh 8 to 12 lbs.

GRAIN AND SEED.

For best peck of Shelled Corn, Wheat, Oats, Barley,
Rye and Buckwheat, each, premium, $1

For best 25 ears of Field Corn, premiums, $5, S3, $2

For best 25 ears of Pop Corn, premiums, $3, $2

For best collections of Field and Garden Seed, premiums,

$o, $5
All grain or seed must have been grown in the County to re-
ceive premium.

DOMESTIC MANUFACTURES.

Contributors must deposit their articles at the Hall before 11
o'clock on the first day of the Exhibition. Articles not thus
deposited will not be entitled to a premium. Gratuities will be
awarded for articles of special merit, for which no premium is
offered ; but no premium or gratuit}r will be awarded for any
article manufactured out of the County, or previous to the last
Exhibition of the Society.

COUNTERPANES AND AFGHANS.

For best Wrought Counterpanes having regard to the quality
and expense of the material, premiums, $4, $2

Gratuities will be awarded for articles belonging to this de-
partment, the whole amount of gratuities not to exceed $25

CARPETINGS AND RUGS.

For best Carpets, having regard to the quality and expense of
the material, premiums, $4, $2

Best Wrought Hearth Rug, having regard both to the quality
of the work and expense of the material, premiums, $3, $2

Gratuities will be awarded for articles belonging to this de-
partment, the whole amount not to exceed $25

ARTICLES MANUFACTURED FROM LEATHER.

For best pair hand made and machine made Men's Boots,

Women's do., Children's do., each, $2

Best Team, Carriage and Express Harness, each, $5

223

$10 are placed at the disposal of this committee, to be award-
ed in gratuities.

For the best exhibition of Boots, and Shoes manufactured in
the County, each, Diploma of Society.

MANUFACTURES AND GENERAL MERCHANDISE.

For best display of Bonnets, premiums, $4, $2

Best specimen of Horn Combs, not less than one dozen, pre-
mium, < $3
At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be
awarded in gratuities not exceeding S3 in any one gratuity, $20

Fancy Work and Works of Art, and other articles of Do-
mestic Manufacture not included in the above.

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be
awarded in gratuities not exceeding $3 in any one gratuity,

$50

Work by Children Under Twelve Yfars of Age. For
best specimens of work performed by children under 12 years
of age, exhibiting industry and ingenuity, premiums, $3, $2

At disposal of committee to be awarded in gratuities, $10

LIST OF PREMIUMS TO BE AW1RDED BY THE
TRUSTEES IN NOVEMBER.

FARMS.

Competitors for these premiums must give notice of their in-
tention to the Secretary on or before June 15th, and the farms
entered for premium will be viewed by the committee twice dur-
ing the year. Crops growing on farms that are entered for pre-
miums, cannot be entered with another committee for separate
premiums — except specimens exhibited at the Fair. Any per-
son desirous of having his farm inspected, without entering it
for premium, ma}' make application to the Secretary, and it
will be viewed and reported upon by the committee.

Any person entering his farm for premiums, ma}' apply to the
Chairman of the Committee on Farms, for the appointment of a
sub-committee of not less than five in number, to visit his farm
and report upon the same.

For the best conducted and most improved "farm, taking into
view the entire management and cultivation, including lands,

224

buildings, fences, orchards, crops, stock, and all other appen-
dages, with statements in detail, relating thereto, premium, $30

IMPROVING WET MEADOW AND SWAMP LANDS.

For best conducted experiments relating to wet meadow or
swamp lands, on not less than one acre, the course of man-
agement, and the produce, etc., for a period of two years at
least, to be detailed, with a statement of all the incidental ex-
penses, premiums, $15, $10

IMPROVING PASTURE AND WASTE LANDS.

For best conducted experiments in renovating and improv-
ing pasture land, other than b}' ploughing, so as to add to their
value for pasturage, with a statement of the same, premiums,

$15, $10

For best conducted experiments in renovating and improv-
ing waste lands, so as to add to their agricultural value, with
statement of the same, premiums, $15, $10

No premium to be awarded to an}r person for a repetition of
an experiment in meadow, swamp or pasture lands, for which
he has already received a premium.

UNDER-DRAINING LAND.

For best conducted experiments in under-draining land, re-
gard being had to the variety of soil, sub-soil, and other local
circumstances, premiums, $15, $10

MANURES.

For most exact and satisfactory experiments, in the prepara-
tion and application of manures, whether animal, vegetable or
mineral, premiums, $15, $10

COMPARATIVE VALUE OF CROPS AS FOOD
FOR CATTLE.

For most satisfactory experiment upon a stock of cattle, not
less than four in number, in ascertaining the relative value of
different kinds of fodder used in feeding neat stock for milk
and other purposes, with a statement in detail of the quantity
and value of the, same, as compared with English hajr, pre-
mium, $25

225

FATTENING CATTLE AND SWINE.

For most satisfactory experiments in fattening Cattle or
Swine, with a statement in detail of the process and result, pre-
miums, $10, 85

GRAIN AND OTHER CROPS.

Claimants on Grain and Root Crops will be required to state
the size of the piece of land, when the}7 enter, and conform to
the following rules : Entries of Grain Crops to be made on or
before September 10th ; Root Crops on or before October 10th ;
giving ample time for the crops to be examined by the commit-
tee before harvesting. Statement, to be made in conformity
with the following form, must be forwarded to the Committee
previous to November 1st.

All calculations and figures given in reports of, and state-
ments of Crops are to be made on the basis of an acre, results,
in all cases, to be given at the rate per acre.

In pursuance of authority delegated to the Board of Agricul-
ture, by Chap. 24 of Acts of 1862, Agricultural Societies receiv-
ing the bounty of the State are required to make use of the fol-
lowing form, and be governed by its conditions in the mode of
ascertaining the amount of crops entered for premium.

Essex Agricultural Society. — Statement concerning a crop
of , raised by Mr. , in the town of , , 1887.

What was the crop of 1885? What manure was used and
how much? What was the crop of 18S6? What manure was
used and how much? VY hat is the nature of the soil? When,
and how many times ploughed, and how deep? What other
preparation for the seed? Cost of ploughing and other prepa-
ration? Amount of manure, in loads of thirty bushels, and how
applied? Value of manure upon the ground? (What amount
of Commercial Fertilizer used? How used? Value of same
when applied?) When and how planted? The amount and kind
of seed? Cost of seed and planting ? How cultivated, and how
many times? Cost of cultivation, including weeding and thin-
ning? Time and manner of harvesting? Cost of harvesting,
including the storing and husking or threshing? Amount of
crop, etc. Signed by , Competitor.

The committee, to whom is entrusted the award of the pre-
miums on field crops, may award them according to their judg-
ment, but for the purpose of furnishing accurate statistics for
the benefit of agriculture, shall select certain of the crops, and
require the owners thereof to measure the land and weigh the
crops accurately, giving to the committee a 'certificate of the
same, and give all possible information thereon over their own

226

signatures, and return the same to the Secretary of the Society,
to be published in the annual transactions.

In ascertaining the amount of crop, any vessel may be used
and the weight of its contents once, multiplied by the number
of times it is filled by the crop.

In measuring the land, or weighing crops, any competent per-
son ma}- be employed, whether a sworn surveyor or not, and
must give certificate.

The certificates shall state the weight of all crops only in a
merchantable state.

In ascertaining the amount of a hay crop entered for pre-
mium, the measurement of the hay in the barn may be employed.

Rules of Measure Practiced and Adopted by the State
Board of Agriculture.

Wheat, Potatoes, Sugar Beets, Ruta Bagas, Mangold Wurtzel,
White Beans and Peas, 60 lbs. to bush.

Corn, Rye, 56 "

Oats, 32 " "

Barley, Buckwheat, 48 k' "

Cracked Corn, Corn and Rye, and other meal, except Oats,

50 lbs. to bush.
Parsnips, Carrots, 55 " "

Onions, 52 " "

1. For the best conducted experiments of Rye, not less than
twenty bushels to the acre, fifty-six pounds to the bushel, on
not less than one acre, premiums, $10, $5

2. For best conducted experiments of Wheat, not less than
thirty bushels to the acre, sixty pounds to the bushel, on not
less than one acre, premiums, $10, $5

3. For best conducted experiments of Oats, not less than
fifty bushels to the acre, thirty-two pounds to the bushel, on not
less than one acre, premiums, • $10, $5

4. For best conducted experiments of Barley, not less than
forty bushels to the acre, forty-eight pounds to the bushel, on
not less than one acre, premium, $10, $5

5. For best conducted experiments of Indian Corn, not less
than one acre, premiums, $10, $5

6. For largest quantity and best qualtty of English Hay, on
not less than one acre, regard being had to the. mode and cost
of cultivation, premiums, $10, $5

7. For best yield of Field Beans, on not less than half acre,
and not less than twenty-five bushels per acre, premiums,

$10, $5

227

ROOT CROPS.

1. For best conducted experiments in raising Carrots, fifty-
five pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, $5

2. For best conducted experiments in raising Parsnips, fifty-
five pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, $5

3. For best conducted experiments in raising Ruta Bagas,
sixty pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, $5

4. For best conducted experiments in raising Mangold
Wurtzels, sixty pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, $5

5. For best conducted experiments in raising Sugar Beets,
sixty pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, $5

6. For best conducted experiments in raising Onions, fifty-
two pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, $5

7. For best conducted experiments in raising Potatoes, six-
ty pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, $5

8. For best conducted experiments in raising Cabbages,
premiums, $10, $5

9. For best conducted experiments in raising Squashes, pre-
miums, $10, $5

10. For best conducted experiments in raising Summer En-
glish Turnips for the market, premiums, $10, $5

Raised on not less than half an acre, and the quantity of crop
to be ascertained by weight, so far as practicable, the crops to
be free from dirt, without tops, and in a merchantable condition
at the time of measurement.

Claimants for premiums on Grain or Root Crops must forward
statement to chairman of committee before Nov. 1st.

FOREST TREES.

1. For best plantation of either of the following species of
forest trees, viz. : — White Oak, Yellow Oak, Locust, Birch,
White Ash, Maple, Walnut, or White Pine, not less than three
years old, and not less than 1000 trees, premium, $20

2. For best do., of not less than 600 trees, premium, $10

3. For best lot of ornamental trees, ten or more set on any
street, road or farm, and cared for five years, premium, $10

CRANBERRIES.

For best conducted experiment in the cultivation of the Cran-
berry, at least two summers, on not less than twenty rods of
land, with written statement of the quantit}' and quality of land,
expense of planting, weeding and culture, and amount of crops
produced. Premium to be paid in 1887 or 1888, $15

228

For best experiment do., on not less than ten rods of land,
premium, $10

For best do., on not less than five rods of land,
premium, $10

STRAWBERRIES AND OTHER SMALL FRUITS.

For best crop of Strawberries, on not less than twenty rods
of land, expense of planting, culture, crop, etc., stated in writ-
ing, premium, $10

For best crop Currants, Raspberries and Blackberries, with
statement as above, premiums, each, $10

NEW WINTER APPLES.

For a new variety of Winter Apple, originated in this Coun-
ty, equal to the Baldwin, premium, $100

For a new variety of like character originating elsewhere, pro-
vided it has been cultivated in the County sufficiently to prove
it equal to the Baldwin for general purposes, premium, $20

For a successful experiment in destroying the codling moth
and other worms destructive to the apple, premium, $25

SEEDLING POTATOES AND EXPERIMENTS.

For best Seedling Potato, originating in Essex County, to
equal in yield, earliness and quality, the Earl}' Rose, and to
surpass it in one or more of these particulars, premium paid af-
ter three years trial, $25

In testing the value of a seedling Potato, the committee are
instructed to take the sworn testimony of the cultivator with
regard to the yield, after having inspected the crop.

For the most satisfactory experiment to extend through five
consecutive years, to settle the following facts relative to rais-
ing potatoes : — premium, $50

1st. Will whole, medium sized Potatoes, yield better results
than pieces cut to two eyes?

2d. What will be the result of continuously planting small-
sized potatoes of the same strain a series of years ?

3d. Difference between hilling and flat cultivation.

4th. Effect, if, any, of cutting off seed ends before planting.

5th. Effects of deep and shallow planting.

6th. Raising from sprouts alone from same strain.

7th. Can potatoes having dwarf vines be planted nearer than
others.

8th. Best distance apart for seed in the drill.

229

9th. To show the effect of covering the top with earth at
several times after they had come up.

To be raised on not less than a half-acre of land, uniform in
character, and all to receive the same kind and quality of ma-
nure and cultivation, and to be inspected by the committee at
the time of gathering the crops.

NEW MEMBERS.

For the person who obtains the largest number of new mem-
bers for the Society from any Town or Cit}' before the first day
of November next, $6

Note. — Names of new members, with name of person procuring them, can
be sent as fast as obtained, to the Secretary of the Society, who will make a
record of them.

Persons paying three dollars will receive a " Certificate of Member-
ship," which is for life. No tines or assessments are ever imposed and mem-
bers are entitled to vote in all its transactions, with free use of the Library
and a copy of the publication of the Society each year.

ESSAYS AND FARM ACCOUNTS.

The Essays must be transmitted to the Secretary b}r the 1st
of November, with sealed envelopes containing the names of
their authors, respectively, which shall not be opened by the
committee, nor shall the names be known to the committee until
they shall have decided upon the merits of the Essay.

For best original Essaj's on any subject connected with Agri-
culture, in a form worthy of publication, premiums,

55^.0, 5510, $8

For best statement of Actual Farm Accounts, drawn from the
experience of the claimant, in a form worthy of publication,
premium, $10

For best Reports of Committees, who report upon subjects
for which premiums are offered by the Society, premiums,

$10, $8, $6

For best Statements of Exhibitors, premiums, $8, $4

COMMITTEES.

Committees for Judges, and Arrangements for the next Cattle
Show and Fair, are chosen at the Trustees Meeting in June
next.

CONTENTS

Page.

Address of John D. Kingsbury, 3

The 66th Exhibition, - - - - - 21

Report on Fat Cattle, - - - - 24

11 " Bulls, ----- 25

11 " Milch Cows, - - - - - 26

" " Heifers, 29

" " Working Oxen and Steers, - - -30

" " Town Teams, - - - - 30

" " Steers, - - - - - 31

" " Stallions, - - - - - 31

" " Brood Mares, - - - - 32

" " Family Horses, 33

" " Gentlemen's Driving Horses, - - - 33

" " Farm Horses, - - - - 34

" " Draft Horses, - - - - - 34

" " Pairs of Farm Horses, - - - 35

" " Pairs of Draft Horses, - - - "35

" " Colts for Draft Purposes, - - - 36

" " Colts for General Purposes, - - 36

" " Swine, ----- 37

" Sheep, - - - 38

" " Poultry, ----- 39

" " Ploughing, - - - - 41

" " Agricultural Implements, - - - 43

" " Carriages, - - - - - 43

" Dairy, ..... 44

" " Bread, Honey and Preserves, - - "45

" " Pears, ..... 47

" " Apples, - - - - - - 49

" " Peaches, Grapes, etc., 53

" " Flowers, - - - - - 55

231

Page.

Report on Vegetables, ----- 59

" " Grain and Seed, - - - - 64

" " Counterpanes and Afghans, 65

" " Carpets and Rugs, - - - 67

" " Articles Manufactured from Leather, - 69

" " Manufactures and General Merchandise, - 70

" " Fancy Work and Works of Art, - - 71

" Children's Work, - - -> - 76

" " Improving Wet Meadows, 77

" " Grain Crops, - - - - -85

" " Root Crops, - - - 90

" " Ornamental Trees, - - - - 117

" " Fruit Crops, --■-.- 127

" " New Winter Apples and Codlin Moth, - 130

" " New Members, - 137

" " Treadwell Farm (Society's), - - - 138

" " Farmers' Clubs and Societies, - - . 141

Farmers' Institutes, - 144

Essay, Poultry on the Farm, - - - - 150

Essay, The Kitchen Garden, .... j^y

Sheep Husbandry in Essex County, ... j68

Report on Essays and Reports, - - - - 169

Report — In Memoriam, - - - - 172

Treasurer's Report, - 180

List of Premiums Awarded, .... IgI

Recapitulation of Premiums, - - - - 188

Officers of the Society, - 190

New Members, --.... j^j

Changes of Members, ----- jg2

Correction of 1884 List, ----- rg2

List of Members of the Society, - - - 193

List of Premiums Offered for 1887, ... 207

TRANSACTIONS

FOR THE YEAR 1887,

OF THE

Es?ei J[6?iceiiirjii Sqgiety

FOR THE

COUNTY OF ESSEX

IN MASSACHUSETTS.

WITH THE

Sixty-Fifth Annual Address,

WILLIAM COGSWELL, M. D„

OF BRADFORD.

PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE SOCIETY.

SALEM, MASS.:

SALEM OBSERVES. BOOK AXD JOB PRINT.

18 8 7.

ADDRESS.

Mr. President : — I propose to speak in a practical way
of oar Indebtedness to the Farm. My subject might
well be suggested by the display which is this day made
by the farmers of Essex. These fruits and flowers,
tempting to the taste, give us some notion of what the
earth yields to furnish our tables and gladden our homes.
No one can look on the wonderful variet}^ of Nature's
gifts, without gratitude. We may well take satisfaction
and be filled with honest pride as we behold the lowing
herds, the bleating flocks, the patient ox, the knowing
horse, and not the least the fowls that give grace and
beauty to every well appointed farm. It is a grand pro-
cession that has come up through all the thoroughfares of
Essex to join in this farmers' holiday, and everything we
see is a testimony to the fact that Nature is always ren-
dering tribute to man. This exhibition of machines and
tools, and instruments, shows the skill and wisdom of
man in devising ways of gaining more largely and with
greater ease the products of the earth. We are im-
pressed with the fact that these gifts are so abundant
that we may never exhaust the bounty of Nature. Every
year great harvests grow out on the prairies, which all
the power of man could never cut and garner without
the use of the reaping machine and the thresher. When
the earth is honestly tilled, it becomes a problem which
exhausts our skill to know how to gather and transport

the products. It is sometimes said that the former times
were better than these, and desponding men think the
race is deteriorating ; but if our fathers of blessed mem-
ory ever had better fruits of husbandry, better cows, or
horses, or swine, better needlework, or bread, or sweeter
butter, or more delicious sweetmeats, they have left no
record of the happy day when they showed them.
Heaven be praised ! that the mantle of the fathers has
fallen on their children; early vigor of New England
life has not entirely passed away with the generations
that have gone.

THE BLESSING OF HEALTH.

The first indebtedness of which I shall speak is for the
health which comes so naturally to the farmers' employ.
What constitutes health ? It is not the simple'absence of
pain or disease. It is not to be defined by negatives.
Health is the vigor of strong muscles, which make the
man robust in action, elastic in step, ready for duty, able
to overcome obstacles and to grasp and hold for advan-
tage the blessings which^are always within the reach of
him who has power to take them. Ability always finds
opportunity. Health is in the vigorous lungs which take
in freely the pure air of heaven, fill the blood with oxy-
gen, cleanse it from the constant waste of the system ;
and in the steady pulse which sends the cleansed current
as a red river of life through the whole body, giving
constant renewal of strength, and grace, and beauty to
every part. Health is the power to take the good things
of God and digest and assimilate them for all the uses of
our manifold life ; what is a man good for who has not a
good digestion '.'

Health is the potency of the brain, transmitting its

force along the nerve currents, marshalling the powers of
mind and body, so that the will of man is supreme in its
control, and every muscle and organ and faculty moves
at its command. The mysterious relation of brain and
nerves to the healthful activities can never be explained,
but the fact is not to be doubted that in a condition of
health the brain rules in the conscious and the uncon-
scious action of the whole body. It is often said that
the mind is diseased, but the truth commonly is that the
brain is affected, so that it cannot act for the mind either
in transmitting its commands or in its equally important
unconscious influence along the lines of the nerves in
controlling digestion, in helping on in the assimilations
and secretions, and even in the circulation of the blood.
A weak or sickly brain brings inefficiency into all our
actions, and enfeebles and distorts the best energies.
Now I raise the question, where would you send a man
to gain strong muscles, a vigorous digestion, and the
healthful activity of lungs, and heart, and brain, if it be
not to the labor which is under the open heavens, and to
feed without restraint upon the best bounties of God,
which come from the well kept farm.

I need hardly say that health is essential to our joy.
It is the thing we seek after with great longing. The
ancient Alchemist sought in vain to change all things
into gold. There is a modern Alchemist who not only
seeks for the great panacea, but claims to have found it,
and the world is full of his boasts, and men and women
in countless numbers are seeking for the blessings of his
healing art. They search for health along all avenues,
by all remedies and arts, and in all climes. This desire
is emphasized by the miseries of a ruined body, whose
aches and pains are so many voices always ciwing out to

be whole again. And every honest physician will testify
that it is infinitely easier to preserve our health and
develop it, than it is to restore it when lost. In the
increasing wisdom of our times, it has come to he under-
stood that health of body is necessary for all classes.
There was a time when sickly boys were turned into the
professions. The unhealthy body, which could not
endure the work of the farm, might still be of service in
the study. That fallacy has passed away. We now send
sickly men out of the professions to the farm. We send
sick ministers and doctors as we do broken down horses,
"out to grass," and we send into the professions the
strongest men we have. We look for a sound mind in a
healthy body. We believe in a sturdy, honest, hardy
piety, which is able to do the will of God as well as to
long for something spiritual. A vigorous brain needs
good digestion. A dyspeptic stomach breeds morbid
thoughts. Whatever wastes the energies, depraves the
mind. Disease is not confined to the body, but it preys
on the sensibilities and the intellect, and destroys the
glory of life. It is not strange, then, that men long for
health. I claim that the conditions of health are best
secured by the farmer. He breathes God's pure air, and
that air is not mingled with the dust of the mill, or the
contagion that lurks in the crowded streets and allevs.
He breathes the air fresh from the hills, cleansed by
every shower, fragrant with the breath of heaven ; pure
air, full of oxygen, which reddens the blood, and sends
it with living power to give strength and glowing beauty
to the whole body. The farmer does not work behind
some wall which hides the sun ; his labor is where the
sunlight paints (he Mower, and fills the apple boughs
with crimson, and adds the purple to the luscious grapes.

He feeds on the bounties of God. The earth yields to
him its fruit in its freshness. Good food is essential to
health. Give nie the natural products, not the result of
the laboratory; well grown, well ripened grain and fruit,
clover honey, and clover butter, instead of flavored glu-
cose and oleomargarine; golden syrup from the sugar
maple and the cane, instead of the gift of the chemist ;
water from heaven, distilled from the clouds, percolating
through the earth and babbling in the living stream.

HEALTHFUL EXERCISE.

I am not forgetful of the hard labor and frequent ex-
posure of farm life, when I say that the farmer has the
best possible exercise. This body of ours must be used
if we would have it healtlrv. The spring that is in per-
fect rest becomes stagnant ; the air that never moves is
filled with germs of disease — so God makes the living
spring, which never rests, and sends the winds which
ventilate the world, and keep the waters of the ocean as
a reservoir of health, which otherwise were a pool of
death. The muscle of your arm must be used, or it will
lose its power ; everything must act. It must be evident
that the farmer's life gives exercise to the whole body.
The simplest tool of husbandry serves a double purpose,
reaching the present aim, and developing also the hand
of him that uses it. More honorable by far in the history
of man, are the implements of honest labor, than all the
balls and bats and things the athlete uses in his life of
sporting vanity. The aim of life is very low if it does
not take in some purpose to accomplish some useful
thing. The grandest motto of life is, " I live to serve."
The simple development of strength of body or mind is
of little consequence, if that strength does not render

service. In the early days of the civil war our army
was in the process of training. The early battles re-
sulted in defeat. But the army grew stronger with
every reverse. Fidelity to duty in the hearts of our
patriot soidiery was the inspiration of a new resolve in
those dark days, when the fate of the nation hung in the
balance. The training of the camp, the knowledge of
luetics, the hardening of the body inured to hardships,
were elements of strength in that contest when an invin-
cible army moved on dauntless, through the wilderness
of death, and swept over the fields of Georgia — adding
victory to victory, till the battle was won and the sol-
diers rested at Appomattox. It was strength devoted to
a grand purpose. It was the result of discipline. What
is an army good for if it will not fight? What is a man
worth if lie shirks responsibility, fails in the time of
greatest need ? What is a man worth if he will not
work ? This is the more important, when we consider
that in all tilings conflict is necessary in order to succeed
— an easy victoiy means small gain. The most success-
ful man is he who has the most to do. His fertile brain
devises the plans of life ; his hands carry out the things
devised. You cannot gather so much gold as to be able
to secure success to your son by any foundation on which
you place him. Work, work, work, is the secret of all
progress. Not the treadmill as in slaveiy, not the blind
following instinct as the squirrel gathers nuts, but the
work of hand and foot, guided by an active brain. The
most successful nation does not live in tropical lands,
where nature is most opulent with her gifts. But that
nation whose ships float on every sea, whose people en-
ter witli pride the rivalries of common lives, where the
soil is less productive, and nature's forces are held in re-

serve for those who work with her. The largest success
lies within the secret place where nature holds her treas-
ures ready for him who surmounts the obstacles, and
earns the right and title to her gifts untold.

LABOR AND REST.

The next suggestion of our indebtedness to the farm is
that it affords intervals of rest. The best condition of
health is when rest and labor are so intermingled that
the life is renewed for the duties of each new day. It is
one of the pleasant things which the Hebrew bard sang
of the gifts of God when he added to his verse, " So he
giveth his beloved sleep." Rest answers a necessity of
nature. It recuperates the weary body. It gives new
strength to the over-taxed brain, and sends man fresh
and vigorous to each new duty. Rest is a law of nature.

The trees rest. You shall see when the season is over,
how the apple boughs have little buds "ready formed for
next year's growth. Nature forms the bud, covers it
with varnish to keep out the moisture, and then the tree
sleeps till it is awakened by the soft winds and the
voices of birds singing in the branches in the opening
spring. You can wake up that tree in the cold winter
time, by bringing it within doors, but it will be like a
man roused at midnight: restless and fruitless all the
day. Nature teaches us the duty of rest ; every shrub
and herb, and tender plant, has its season of repose.
The land restg. God spreads the white mantle over it,
and it sleeps through its winter night. The frost disin-
tegrates it, and loosens and lightens and tempers it, and
he is a foolish farmer who tries to work the soil before
nature has made it ready. The wise man watches the
opening season, and at the appointed time puts in the

ploughshare which turns the black furrows to the sun,
and combs the ridges with the harrow, and drops the
seed into the mellow loam. The spring-time is nature's
morning. The white spread vanishes, sun and shower
send greetings from heaven, the buds burst, the birds
sing, and a soft verdure clothes the fields. The pastures
are clothed with flocks; the valleys are covered with
corn.

This lesson of rest we read in the world of growing
things. Man also rests from his labor. There is no
scene of greater beauty than a rural landscape at the
close of day. The ploughman lifts the yoke from the
faithful ox ; the milk-pails, brimming with foam, are
brought in, and the quiet herd lie down to rest. The
fowls crowd the perches ; the shadows lengthen on the
western hills, as the farmer gathers with his family round
the evening board. The gates are closed — the bars are
up ; night draws the curtain, and the tired farmer sleeps.
No dreams of unpaid notes disturb his slumbers. No fear
of failure or unfair competition. He has done his duty ;
he leaves the rest to Him who sends the rain and sun-
shine. He rests in peace, for God giveth the increase.

THE FARM A SCHOOL OF THE INTELLECT.

There are many schools in which man is trained for
duty and for life. Among them all I do not hesitate to
rank as of first importance that which has its place in the
unpretending home of the farmer. In the quiet beauty
of every rural scene, the central object is the old farm-
house, with shade trees, and garden, and orchard, and
spreading lawn. By the fireside, in that home, the farm-
er gives lessons of wisdom to the growing boys. With
his few books and his weekly newspaper, he keeps his

1 1

mind fresh and ready for instruction. Many a lesson on
political economy is given by that fireside. There the
youthful hearts learn of loyalty to the country. There
the mind grows in adherence to the one or the other
political party ; and there, too, from the gentler voice of
her who reigns as queen in her ample realm, are learned
those sweeter lessons of love and virtue, which make
life more dutiful and more beautiful as the years go on.
So the farmer's sons and daughters grow into strength
and beauty, in this early school. But more than this is
true. We owe our intellectual power to the soil ; that is
to say, our intellectual force depends, on the health which
is gained by a proper use of the gifts of nature. The
time has passed when men think without eating. The
monk lived in the desert, and starved himself as a relig-
ious duty. But his religion was as meagre as his dish.
The scholastic sometimes did the same thing; but thought
was fettered by hunger. His genius was spoiled by the
want he suffered. He tried to get away from sense, and
gain spiritual ideas ; but God has ordained that we
should do our work in our realm of sense, and the best
trained intellect will not ignore this, and the most im-
portant endowment a man can have is common sense.
With that as a conscious possession he will never starve
his body to make his mind broader, or break the laws of
health in order to enlarge the spiritual faculties. Take
away food from a man, and his whole being suffers.
Good food, pure air, honest labor, and a clear conscience
will do more than all else to restore that man who has
broken the laws of his being and desires to regain the
lost joy. The breaking of the laws of health brings a
cloud over the mind. The wit and wisdom fail, and the
grasp and grip of every faculty is lost.

RELATION TO MORALS.

I will not close without suggesting that the realm of
morals comes clearly into the farmer's life. A man can
sometimes deal unjustly with his fellow, and escape the
penalty, but he can never do that with his land.

Nature teaches honesty. A man must be honest with
his farm. If you defraud your land you will suffer loss.
"Nature never forgives an injury." You can never pros-
per if you take out of your farm its power of production
and make no restitution. You may ill-treat it and rob it,
and then it will refuse you its gifts. You will be unable
to feast from its bounty. The duty of rendering an
equivalent is one of the common of the teachings of
nature. Let out your land to a man who takes off the
hay, and grain, and straw, and you will soon find your
land barren. The very soil cries out against the sin of
robbery. The farm teaches the duty of exerting a pure
influence. Mix the Canada thistle with your seed oats,
or let the Avhite daisy have free range over your fields, or
admit couch-grass into your garden, and you have done
an evil which the labor of a generation will hardly re-
deem. Resistance of evil is a duty which the farmer
knows to be a cardinal virtue. So in all our human re-
lations, it is so very easy to let in the thing that is wrong.
The evil thing needs no fostering ; it will nourish itself.
The thistle will grow in t)\e hedge row, or in the heart of
your field. Lust will dwell in the brothel, or in the
sacred inclosure of home. It will not be subdued by the
curses of the one, nor by the tears and lamentations of
the other. You are not only dropping seed into the
ready soil, but you are sowing the seed of character in
the minds of all about you, especially in the hearts of
children, who take the type of character from your ex-

ample and teaching. Be careful to sow good seed, which
shall spring up in a harvest which shall bless the world.

The future citizenship of the land depends largely on
the nature of the farmer's home.

The yeomanry of the land is large. It is homogenious,
conservative. It is self-poised, independent, gifted with
energy and power. It is intelligent and far-sighted. If
it may perpetuate itself in the honesty, and integrity, and
courage, and fidelity of the rising generation all the
interests of the Commonwealth are assured. All other
things are dependent on the farmer. The farm is the
basis of all wealth and civilization. Take away its fer-
tile meadows and sweet pastures, its well-kept fences and
appointments; destroy its pure sod, and scatter its choice
blooded stock; tear down the home-like farm-house, and
trample the garden, and cut away the orchard, — and you
have done what you can to destroy all that is blessed in
the old Commonwealth. Destroy the farms that send
these choice products which grace this day, and society
would relapse into the age of Nomadic tribes; cities and
commercial marts would be silent as the sand-covered
palaces of Ninevah ; business industries would be de-
serted, and all arts would fail. Manufactures are only
the handmaids of agriculture. The smoke of the forges,
the hum of the factories, the incessant heart beat of the
engines, the railway thoroughfares — those great arteries
of the republic, — are only the movements of our national
life, which have their inspiration from the cultivation of
the soil, which is the basis of all. Countless trains of
coal, that light the fires on the hearth-stones of the
nation's homes ; petroleum, which changes darkness into
day ; wheat, and corn, and barley, and oats, and rye,
which feed the people of our land, and the starved mil-

lions over the sea, — are all alike the gifts of God in
nature. The vastness of the farmers' industry may be
computed, but the aggregate is larger than our power of
comprehension. And all this gift of nature is for the
comfort, and strength, and development of man. The
value of all social and civil institutions must always be
measured by the intelligence, and virtue, and moral vigor
of the freeholders of the land. Manhood has reached a
rare development in our country. Property is widely
distributed. The incentive which comes from the owner-
ship of land leads to an honorable ambition. There is
something for every man to hope for. The walls which
in other lands divide men into classes, are not known
here. Therefore, we behold, out of the ranks of the
common people, the constant rise of distinguished men.
They stand in the courts ; they fill the places of states-
men, and jurists, and patriot soldiers. The father of his
country was a farmer. Webster, and Clay, and Jefferson,
and Adams, were farmers. The fathers of the Republic
were your ancestors in occupation. The clergy were far-
mers in the early days, and if they communed more with
nature to-day, there were less of useless debate about
theoretical doctrines. The sturdy army that beat back
the trained legions of King George, were the hardy
pioneers whose strong arms had cleared the forests. We
have a true pride in the development of genius. It is
worth our while to study the great industries, to see what
man has done. He compels the rivers to work like dray
horses in the service of human industry. He stops the
lightning, and bids it bear his message and bring reply.
The numberless discoveries and inventions of man can
only be looked upon with wonder and admiration. Thank
heaven, that we have a land of boundless resources — the

happy home of a grateful people. The forests have
abundant timber ; the mines of silver, and gold, and cop-
per, and lead, and iron, are the hidden treasures ; our
wheat fields, golden in harvest time; our meadows and
uplands are fertile and luxuriant, from the spring on the
mountain, to the river in the valley, producing every-
thing that ministers to the comfort of man, from the lakes
of the North to the Gulf, and from the Pine Tree State
to the Golden Gate. Look over the broad land. How
prodigal in fruits : apples and pears, apricots, peaches,
and grapes, melons, and cherries, and plums, oranges and
figs, and all the humbler fruits that with crimson and
purple hues, and choice, rare flavor, grace the table of
the humblest man who knows the royal privilege of own-
ing; a garden of his own.

Man was created and placed in a garden, or, on a farm.
The fall of our first parents were less a mystery if the
Heavenly Parent had placed them in a palace, with lux-
ury, and wardrobes, laces and corsets, perfumes and cos-
metics. It shows the wisdom and love of God, that they
were placed in a home which was amid a garden of sweet
herbs — a blossoming paradise ; and their work was among
the growing crops, which give comfort and satisfy all
want. And away in the distance is a sure prophecy, and
it is still a garden. The blessed days will come again,
when the earth becomes a garden ; its deserts shall blos-
som as the rose. The wilderness shall be glad, the river
of life shall water it, the tree of life shall bear its fruit,
and life shall be glad forever.

SIXTY-SEVENTH

Annual Cattle Show and Fair.

The Cattle Show and Fair of this Society was held
Sept. 27th and 28th, at Peabody. The exhibits on the
Show Grounds fell short in number from the previous
year at Newburyport, by sixty-two entries, of which
shortage 28 was of Agricultural Implements, 20 of Colts,
and 12 of Poultry.

The quality of the stock exhibited was in most classes,
of the best, and with the Ploughing Match was success-
ful, attractive and well attended, and it is expected it
will be much more so another season.

In the Town House the exhibits were shown in two
large halls and a large anti-room, and the displays made
in almost every class were the best quality of the prod-
ucts of the farm and garden, or of skill, taste and work-
manship in Domestic manufactures. The lower hall was
devoted almost wholly to Vegetables, which, with 22
less entries than the previous year, made a very attractive
show of excellent quality.

The Exhibition Halls were well attended, the receipts,
at 20 cents admission, was 11306.36 and the committees
and others, admitted by free ticket, show an attendance
of over 7000 in the hall.

On Wednesday, the second day of the Fair, a proces-
sion was former], in the forenoon soon after eleven o'clock,
of the officers, members and friends of the Society head-
ed by the 8th Regt. Band, which proceeded from in front
of the Town Hall to Peabody Institute, where the
Annual Address was delivered by William Cogswell,
M. D., of Bradford. Its good points have been appreci-
ated no doubt by the reader in the preceding pages, if he

failed to hear it. After the address the procession re-
formed and with their ladies marched to the Rink, where
the annual dinner, excellent and well served, was par-
taken of, followed by very instructive and entertaining
speeches by the President, Benjamin P. Ware, E. W.
Wood, delegate from the State Board of Agriculture,
Hon. George B. Loring, of Salem, Hon. O. B. Hadwin, of
Worcester, and Dr. William Cogswell, of Bradford.

The Entries in the several departments of the Fair and
premiums awarded in each, are tabulated as follows :

STOCK, IMPLEMENTS, ETC, ON FUEE SHOW GROUNDS.

Entries.

From

Different

Places.

Amount of
Premiums
Awarded.

Fat Cattle,

$26

Bulls,

4-1

Milch Cows,

43 ;

Herd of Milch Cows,

Heifers, First Class,

Heifer Calves, First Class,

Heifers, Second Class,

Heifer Calves, Second Class,

Working Oxen and Steers,

Steers,

Town Teams,

Brood Mares,

Stallions, First Class,

Stallions, Second Class,

Family Horses,

Gentlemen's Driving Horses,

Farm Horses,

Pairs of Farm Horses,

• 8

Colts for Draft Purposes,

Colts for General Purposes,

Swine, First Class,

Swine, Second Class,

Sheep,
Poultry,

1
10

! Diplomas.

1 8

Prom

Amount of

Entries.

Different

Premiums

liaces,

Awarded.

Ploughing,

100

Agricultural Implements,

1 Diploma..

Carriages,

Total on Free Show Grounds, 255

II IIUTS IN HALL.

Entries.

From

Different

Places.

Amount of

i Premiums

Awarded.

Dairy,

$22 00

Bread, Honey and Preserves,

27 00

Pears,

275

83 50

Apples,

320

76 50

Peaches, Grapes and Assorted

Fruits,

121

65 50

Flowers,

43 25

Vegetables,

299

158 00

Grain and Seed,

31 00

Counterpanes and Afghans,

31 00

Carpeting and Rugs,

One Diploma.

27 50

Articles manuf. from Leather,

27 00

Manufactures and General Mdse.*

h, 26

*10 Diplomas.

2 50

Fancy Work and Works of Art,

229

49 25

Work of Children under 12 years.

, 21

13 50

Total in Exhibition Hall, 1666 33 $657 50

Grand Total, 1921 entries from 33 towns and cities of
the county, all except Merrimac and Nahant, for which
$1395.50 were awarded to 359 different persons. The
entries were — Amesbury, 30 ; Andover, 15 ; Beverly, 34 ;
Boxford, 38; Bradford, 23; Danvers, 176; Essex, 40;
Georgetown, 5 ; Gloucester, 1 ; Groveland, 14 ; Hamil-
ton, 8; Haverhill, 44; Ipswich, 4 ; Lynn, 80 ; Lynnfield,
9; Lawrence, 23; Manchester, 7; Marblehead, 38;

Methuen, 26; Middleton, 39; Newbury, 78; Newbury-
port, 11 ; North Antlover, 22 ; Peabocly, 8G1 ; Rockport,
5; Ro\vle3r, 32; Salem, 155; Salisbury, 3; Saugus, 9;
Swampscott, 13 ; Topsfielcl, 5 ; Wenlaam, 38 ; West New-
bury, 33 ; Out of the County, 2 ; Total, 1921 entries.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

FAT CATTLE.

The Committee on Fat Cattle have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards:

$10. First premium, to Henry Gardner, Peabody, for
1 pair of oxen, weight, 4330 lbs.
$8. Second premium, to B. H. Farnum, No. Andover,

for 1 pair of oxen, weight, 3330 pounds.
$8. First premium, to Wm. A. Russell, No. Andover,
for fat cow, " Maud Clay, " Holstein No. 390, age
10 years, weight 1900 lbs.
J. E. Bradstreet, Allen Smith, Geo. E. F. Dane, J. P.
Little — Committee.

STATEMENT OF HENRY GARDNER'S FOREMAN.

The cattle entered by Henry Gardner are six years old,
were raised in Franklin Co., Me., and bought in Water-
town one year ago last Spring, then weighing 3360
pounds, now weigh 4330 lbs. They have worked on the
farm ; feed first summer was hay and two quarts of meal
each, morning and night. Last winter the poorer quality
of corn fodder and two quarts of cob meal each, once
per day. The last summer, good hay and two quarts of
meal each, morning and night.

Andrew J. Hayes, foreman.

STATEMENT OF B. H. FARNUM.

The oxen which I enter for premium, are six years old.
I have owned them twenty-three months. They weighed
when I bought them, 2550 pounds. They have done all
the ox work on my farm, besides working considerable on
the road, since I owned them. The first winter, their

feed was meadow-hay, night and morning, and English
hay at noon. Also, two quarts of meal each, per day.
The first summer, they had pasture feed, and I commenced
to meal them in the fall again. Last winter, when they
worked hard, I fed them eight quarts of meal each, per
day, with meadow hay morning and night, and English
hay at noon. They were turned out to pasture last June,
and have had meal occasionally, as they were taken home
to work. The first of September, they were- turned in
fall feed, with two quarts of meal each, per day, to the
present time. Their weight to-day, is 3330 pounds.

B. H. Farnum.

STATEMENT OF WM. A. RUSSELL.

The cow, Maud Clay, No. 390, H. H. B., awarded first
premium, for Fat Cow, is a full blooded, home-breed, Hol-
stein, ten years old ; weight, 1900 pounds. She failed to
breed the past season, but is giving some milk. Her feed,
through the season, has been four quarts of corn meal,
hay, or green corn fodder morning and night, and has
been turned out to pasture through the day. The pas-
ture has been fed very close, by overstocking.
Respectfully submitted,

Wm, A. Russell.

By Jas. C. Pooe, Manager.

BULLS.

The Committee on Bulls, have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :

First premium, to John Swinerton, Danvers, for

2 years old Ayrshire bull, No. 3697, A. B. R. "Geo.

Essex." Sire, "Glencarne," 2469; Dam, Lady

Essex, 4, No. 4450.

Second premium, to D. A. Massey, DanVei's, foi'
Ayrshire bull, No. 8821, A. B. R." Queer." dropped
Nov. 9, 1885.
&l0. First premium, to Tsaac C. \Vyman, Salem, for Jer-
sey Lull, No. 18,401, A. J.' C. C. (New York),
" Heiigist/' di-opped Aug*. 7, 1885. Sire, "ftauti-
cus," (6648) ; Dam, "Chinchilla" (17,092), owned
by present owner, 21 months.
$2. First premium, to John J. Gould, Ipswich, for Jer-
sey hull calf, "Pojo," No. 18,602,
$10. First premium, to William A. Russell, Lawrence,
for liolstein bull, 4 years old, " Lord of Cornwall,"
No. 3429, H. H. B., dropped May 5, 1883.
So. First premium, to William A. Russell, Lawrence,
for Holstein yearling bull, " Lavinia 2d Bismark,"
No, 2128, H. F. H. fi., dropped Jan. 7, 1886. Sire,
"•Lord of Cornwall,'' 3429; Dam, "Lavinia 2d,
1115.
$2. First premium, William A. Russell, Lawrence, for
liolstein bull calf, " King Ruiter," dropped May 9,
1887. Sire, "Lord of Cornwall;" Dam, "Queen
Ruiter," 4488.
Joshua H. Chandler, Elbridge Mansfield, John L.
Shorev-— Committee.

MILCH COWS.

The Committee on Milch Cows have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards ;
|15- First premium, to Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for

best milch coav of any age or breed, Holstein Fre-

sian cow, "Madam Aberdare."
jrt.0. First premium, to William A. Russell. Lawrence,

for best milch cow, foreign, native, or grade, 4 to

l'» years old, Holstein cow, "Lady Lyons."
$4. Second premium, to Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for

next best (as above), Holstein cow, "Lady Noble."

810. First premium, to Win. A. Russell, Lawrence, for
milch cow of any recognized breed, 4 years old or
upwards, Holstein cow, "Esther Morrison. "
•$4. Second premium, to Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence,
for next best (as above), Holstein cow, " Madam
Wit."
The owners of cows of other breeds did not furnish

to the Committee any statements in regard to their cows,

as required by the Society, therefore, they' were not

judged upon.

Doane Cogswell, T. F, Newman, Frank P. Todd —
Committer.

STATEMENT OF RUSSELL COWS.

To Commillee on Milch Cows :

I enter for best milch cow, of any age or breed, llols-
tein-Fresian cow, " Madam Aberdare," No. 6803, H. H.
B., 8 years old. Imported in 1884. Milk record, from
March 1, 1885, to March 1, 188G, 13184 pounds. Milk
record, from Aug. 20, 1886, to July 1, 1887, 12815 pounds.
Dropped last calf, Aug. 19, 1887. Milk record, 30 days,
Aug. and Sept., 1840 pounds.

I enter for best milch cows, either foreign, native, or
grade, Holstein-Fresian cows.

" Lady Noble," No. 390, H. H. B., 9 years old. " Lady
Lyons," No. 6805, H. EL B., 6 years old. " Lady Noble"
dropped last calf, Dec. 28, 188(1. Milk record, from Jan.
1, 1887, to July 1, 1887, 8925 lbs. "Lady Lyons"
dropped last calf, Sept. 1, 1887. Milk record for 10 days
in Sept., 609 1 lbs. Milk record, from July 1, 1886, to
July 1,1887, 12815 lbs.

For Holstein-Fresians, 4 years old, and upward.

"Esther Marion," No. 1585, H. H. B., 6 years old.
« Madam Wit," No. 7476, H. H. B., 5 years old. " Esther
Marion " dropped last calf, June 25, 1886. Due to calve
Oct. 20, 1887. Milk record, from July 1, 1886, to May
1, 1887, 12692 lbs. "Madam Wit " "dropped last calf,

Nov. LS, L886; is due, Dec. 17, 1887. Milk record, frotn
Dee. 1, 1886, to June 1, 1887, 7825| lbs.

Statement of Feed and Mnnag-ement.

The winter feed of these cows is 8 to 12 qts. shorts;
mid tine feed, and 4 qts. meal (corn on cob and oats
ground together, two parts corn\ and one part oats), en-
silage once per day, and dry fodder, consisting of English
hay, with corn fodder and oats, or barley fodder mixed,
fed once per day.

One-half of the above quantity of grain is given with
the ensilage, at about 7 A. M. They are watered at about
!» a. St. They get nothing more until 2.30 V. M., when
the balance of the above grain is given dr}^ ; and after
this is eaten they are fed with the above dry fodder, and
at 4.30 they are again watered.

Milking begins at 5 A. M. and at 6 P. M. Cows giving
a large mess of milk are milked three times a day, morn-
ing, noon, and night.

In summer the cows go out to pasture, which is small

for the number of cows kept, and are fed with dry hay,

clover, oats or barley, fodder, dried, and corn fodder in

its season, also have some grain, not as much as in winter.

Respectfully submitted,

Wm. A. Russell.

By J. C. Poor, Manager.

HERD OF MILCH COWS.

The Committee on Herd of Milch Cows have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that they have made the following awards:
-:1s. First Premium, to W. A. Russell, Lawrence, for
herd of milch cows.

(Jeo. L. Hawkes, Francis R. Allen, Wm. B. Carlton, N.
P. Perkins — Committee.

STATEMENT OF RUSSELL HERD.
To Committee on Herds of Milch Cows :

I enter for best herd of milch cows, Holstein-Fresian
cows, " Madam Aberdare," No. 6803, H. H. B., 8 years old.
11 Lady Lyons," No. 6805, H. H. B., 6 years old. " Lady
Noble," No. 390, H. H. B., 9 years old. " Esther Marion,"
No. 1585, H. H. B., 6 years old. " Madam Wit," No.
7475, H. H. B., 5 years old.

" Madam Aberdare " dropped last calf, Aug. 19, 1887.
"Lady Lyons" dropped last calf, Sept. 1, 1887. " Lady
Noble"" dropped last calf, Dec. 28, 1886. "Esther
Marion " dropped last calf, June 25, 1886. " Madam Wit,"
dropped last calf, Nov. 13, 1886.

" Madam Aberdare's " milk record for two previous
seasons, is 13184 lbs. and 12815 lbs. respectively. For
past 30 days, 1840 lbs. "Lady Lyons'" record, 10 days
in Sept., 609^ lbs. Record for last year. 12 months,
12815 lbs. "Lady Noble's" record from Jan. 1 to July
1, 8925 lbs. " Esther' Marion's record from July 1, 1886,
to May 1, 1887, 12692 lbs. " Madam Wit's " record from
Dec. 1, 1886, to June 1, 1887, 7825 lbs.

The above records were determined by weighing and
recording at each milking.

The winter feed for these cows was from 4 to 6 qts.
shorts and 2 qts. meal (corn on cob and oats, ground to*
gether, 2 parts corn, 1 part oats), this amount twice per
day, ensilage once per day, and dry fodder (a mixture of
English hay, corn, oats), or barley fodder, once per day.
Watered twice a day, and when fresh in milk, milked
three times. They go to pasture in summer (but the pas-
ture is a short one), and they are fed morning and night,
with hay, clover, oat or barley, and corn fodder in its
season, and have about one-half the amount of grain as
in the winter.

Respectfully submitted,
Wm. A. Russell.

By J. C. Poor, Manager.

HEIFERS, FIRST CLASS.

The Committee on Heifers, first class, have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :
•$10. First premium, to W. A. Russell, Lawrence, for
Milch heifer, " Queen Abberkerk."
I. Second premium, to W. A. Russell, Lawrence, for
Milch heifer, " Maud Clay 2d."
$4. First premium, to W. A. Russell, Lawrence, for
Holstein heifer, " Essex Princess," 2 years old,
never calved.
$3. Second premium, to W. A. Russell, Lawrence, for
Holstein heifer, u Queen Frederick," 2 years old,
never calved.
$4. First premium, to W. A. Russell, Lawrence, for

Holstein yearling, " Esther Shepard."
$4. First premium, to W. A. Russell, Lawrence, for

Holstein calf, "Princess William Archer."
$3. Second premium, to W. A. Russell, Lawrence, for
Holstein calf, " Syreza Archer."
$10. First premium, to D. A. Massey, Danvers, for
Ayrshire heifer, "Mars Dora 2d," No. 7937.
$4. First premium, to D. A. Massey, Danvers, for

Ayrshire calf.
$3. Second premium, to D. A. Massey, Danvers, for

Ayrshire calf.
$4. First premium, to W. S. Dickson, Salem, for Jersey
calf.
John S. Ives, of Salem, entered one 3 year old Ayrshire,
without pedigree or number ; a very likely one, but did
not come under our class.

G. B. Bradley, John Parker, Andrew Lane, Jr.— Com-
mittee.

STATEMENT OP RUSSELL HEIFERS.

To the Committee on Heifers, 1st Class :

I enter for Heifer under 4 years old in milk, " Queen
Abberkerk," No. 4457, H. F. II. B., 2 years old. « Maud

Clay 2d," No. 9712, H. F. H. B., 2 years old. "Queen
Abberkerk " calved July 21st Milk record in August
36 pounds per day. " Maud Clay 2d " calved June 20th.
Milk record in July, 34 pounds per day.

Heifers two years old, never calved. " Essex Prin-
cess," No. 4480, H. F. H. B. "Queen Frederick," No.
4467, H. F. H. B.

Heifer one year old. " Esther Shepard," No. 3008,
H. F. H. B. Dropped March IT, 1886.

Heifer Calves. " Princess William Archer." Dropped
May 1(3, 1887. Sire, " Royal Archer," 32(33, H. F. H. B.
Dam, "Princess Willem," 4454, H. F. H. B.

" Syreza Archer," dropped June 1st, 1887. Sire " Royal
Archer," 3263, H. F.^H. B. Dam, " Syreza," 1050, H. H.
B. Respectfully submitted,

W. A. Russkll,

By J. C. Poor.

HEIFERS— SECOND CLASS.

The Committee on Heifers, Second Class, have attend-
ed to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that they have made the following awards :
810. First premium, to James F. Cody, Peabody, for
Milch Grade Jersey heifer, under four years old.
$4. Second premium, to Timothy O'Keefe, Peabody, for
Milch Grade Jersey Ayrshire heifer, under four
years old.
$4. First premium, to John Barker, North Andover, for

'1 year old Grade Holsteins; never calved.
$3. Second premium, to J. A. Jones, Lynn, for 2 3rear

old Jersey and Ayrshire ; never calved.
14. First premium, to Daniel G. Tenney, Newbury, for

one year old Grade Jersey.
$3. Second premium, to City Farm, Salem, for one year

old Grade Holstein.
$4. First premium, to Jenkin M. Emerson, Middleton,
Heifer calf, 1\ months old.

$3. Second premium, to Stephen Blaney, Peabody, for
Twin Calf, 8 weeks old. Dam, 3 3rears old, has
had 3 calves.
O. L. Carleton, A. T. Newhall, J. K. Bancroft, J. Otis
Winkley, J. Frank Foster — Committee.

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

The Committee on Working Oxen and Steers have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary that they have made the following awards:
$12. First premium, to Lyman Wilkins, Middleton, for

working oxen, 7 years old, weight 2640 lbs.
$10. Second premium, to Geo. P. Wilkins, Middleton,
for working oxen, 5 years old, weight 2720 lbs.
$8. Third premium, to Wm. P. Christopher, Middleton,
for working oxen, 6 years old, weight 2680 lbs.
-$10. First premium, to B. H. Farnum, North Andover,
for working steers, 4 years old, weight 2850 lbs.
John B. Jenkins, Nathan Longfellow, Jas. P. Cleve-
land— Committee.

TOWN TEAMS.

The Committee on Town Teams have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following award :

$20. First premium, to Middleton town team, 11 yoke of
oxen, 29,775 lbs.

EEPOET ON TOWN TEAMS.

The Committee on Town Teams report that only one
team of oxen was entered, and none of horses.

This was much to be regretted, as a good team always

interests the people, and competition is desirable in a de-

^ partment where the premiums offered are generous, as in

this of town teams. One of the committee endeavored

to get C. H. Warren & Co., of Danvers, to exhibit their
fine team horses, but the demands of business prevented.
Perhaps in no direction is the change in farming more
noticeable than in the displacement of oxen by horses, on
most of the farms of the county. This affects our show
more and more each year, until it is possible that at no
distant date, the ox-team will disappear from our show en-
tirely. In view of this, the enterprise of our Middleton
friends is to be commended, in showing eleven yoke of
fairly good oxen, — not very large nor fancy, but honest
workers, and, in the opinion of the committee, worthy of
the first premium.

We were pleased with the skill with which Mr. Lyman
Wilkins and Mr. William Christopher handled the long-
string of oxen, for in these days, a good ox-teamer is hard
to find.

We should like the experience of some farmer who has
changed from oxen to horses, as to the expense of keep-
ing in working condition, wear of outfit, value at end of
five years, and value of work done in that time, — if it
could be obtained for publication. Mr. Day of this com-
mittee, is certain that even at the present low price of
beef, and with all its slowness, the ox-team is the most
profitable for the farmer. His long experience gives his
opinion weight and value.

Could the fact be brought out I think we should find
that one reason why horses are so much more popular at
present is, that the driver can ride all the time, thus es-
caping much fatigue, and saving some time on the journey.
Respectfully submitted,

Chakles J. Peabody, for Committee.

Charles J. Peabody, Royal Day, E. B. Perley — Com-
mittee.

STEERS.

The Committee on Steers have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretaiy that they have
made the following awards:

$4. First premium, to B. W. Farnnm, No. Andover, for
One pair steer calves, 5 months old.
Sherman Nelson, Charles P. Mighill, John Parkhurst —
Committee.

STALLIONS, FIRST CLASS.

The Committee on Stallions, First Class, have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report tc the Secretary
that they have made the following awards :
$10. First premium, to H. H. Hale, Bradford, black Per-

cheron stallion, for farm and draft horses, " Major

Dome," 4 years old, weight, 1580 lbs. Imported,

1885, No. 4345.
*$8. First premium, to John Parkhurst, Boxford, for

grey Grade Percheron stallion, " Romeo," 3 years

old, weight, 1300 lbs.

Geo. B. Loring, W. P. Bailey, C. N. Maguire — Com-
mittee.

*This award was made at Trustees' Meeting, in November, chang-
ing this and another award of the Committee.

STALLIONS, SECOND CLASS.

The Committee on Stallions, Second Class, have attend-
ed to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that they have made the following awards :
$10. First premium, to John P. Conant, Wenham, chest-
nut stallion, four years old, for driving horses.
$G. Second premium, to John Flye, Saugus, for black
stallion, 8 years old, " Allen Patchen."
*$8. Gratuity, to John Looney, Salem, ba}r stallion,
" Almot Wedgewood," 4 years old, sired by
" Wedgewood."
A. B. Woodis, Win. R. Roundy, Win. B. Carleton—
Committee.

"Transferred 1>y order of Trustees, at their November meeting,

from "First Class," where it had heen entered, and a premium of $8
awarded by the Committee, to its proper class, and $S gratuity
awarded, as premiums in this class had been awarded by the Com-
mittee.

BROOD MARES.

The Committee on Brood Mares have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :

$10. First premium, to Abbott & Reynolds, "Salem, for
bay mare, 6 years old, weight 1300 lbs., and foal 3^
months old.
$6. Second premium, to Michael Looney, Salem, for
chestnut mare, 6 years old, weight 1000 lbs., and
foal 6 weeks old.
$4. Third premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for chest-
nut mare, 12 years old, weight 1100 lbs., and foal 3
months old.
Horace F. Longfellow, .John F. Smith, Henry A. Hay-
ward — Committee.

FAMILY HORSES.

The Committee on Family Horses have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary the
following :

Only one entry, do not deem it worthy a premium.

David Stiles, Edward Harrington, Alden C. Estes —
Committee.

Only one entry was made, and that was a horse that
was labeled as weighing 840 pounds, which your commit-
tee thought was a little too light, if there were no other
objections, and, therefore, by unanimous verdict the re-
port was, " None worthy of a premium."

Such a report on family horses, probably never was
made before in the history of the society. In years past,
there have been a large number of entries, and the com-
mittee have found it difficult to decide who was entitled

to the first premium. But this falling off is accounted
for in the fact that another class of horses has been added,
called, " Gentlemen's driving horses," and these are very
numerous, embracing nearly the whole herd of horses
(except actual work horses), and every business man and
every youngster who thinks anything of himself must
possess one of these quadrupeds.

Now, where is the noble "family horse," safe at all
times, and in all places, so highly prized by the family
as they go to church, or to the city, or ride for pleasure
over our New England hills. It is a rare thing to find a
well-trained horse. Scarcely can we take up a paper but
what gives some account of limbs broken or lives lost by
unsafe horses. Many a home has been darkened forever,
by the antics of some half-broken horse.

Our Society, from the first, wisely appropriated money
to call the attention of the public to the important matter
of the well training of horses, and yet, there has been a
gradual departure from this rule for the last twenty
years, and owners of horses have received premiums for
animals hardly safe for every one to drive.

A good family horse should weigh about one thousand
pounds, well proportioned, sound, stand without tying,
trained not to start till the reins are taken up, and then
to travel in good shape, from seven to eight miles an hour,
without urging, passing objects without shying, and not
afraid of the steam whistle, or the rattling cars, not less
than seven or eight years old, and not over fifteen. Such
a horse is worth not less than two hundred and fifty dol-
lars, and may be twice that sum ; while some of these
gentlemen's driving horses would cost you about all your
neck is worth to ride behind them.

The society, in offering these premiums wishes to en-
courage the better training of this most noble and useful
animal ; one that has so much to do for our comfort and
safety, in domestic, as well as business life.

This statement has been added to our report, at the
suggestion of the committee on family horses.

David Stiles, Chairman.

33
GENTLEMEN'S DRIVING HORSES.

The Committee on Gentlemen's Driving Horses, have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary that they have made the following awards :
$10. First premium, to H. H. Hale, Boxford, for black
mare.
$6. Second premium, to Dr. W. A. Gorton, Danvers,

for bay mare.
$4. Third premium, to D. J. Tenney, Byfield, for
chestnut gelding.
E. P. Barrett, S. W. Hopkinson, Chas. H. Gould, Geo.
B. Loring — Committee.

FARM HORSES.

The Committee on Farm Horses have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards:

$10. First premium, to F. O. Kimball, Danvers, for dark
brown gelding farm horse, 8 years old, weight 1100
lbs.
$8. Second premium, to M. H. Poor, West Newbury,

for sorrel farm horse.
$4. Third premium, to B. H. Farnham, No. Andover,
for farm horse, 10 years old gelding, weight 1055 lbs.
Entries nine, — eight competed for premium.
The Committee, after attending to their duties, would
say, that all the horses drew the load (2000 lbs.) well,
and they regret that they could not award more premiums,
especially to the horses of Mr. Bates, of Lynn, and Mr.
Holt, of North Andover. They would also call the at-
tention of the Trustees to the fact that the horse of Mr.
Perkins, of Lynnfield, was ruled out on account of being
entered in the class of pairs of farm horses. All of which
is respectfully submitted.

Albert Kimball, 1). A. Pettengill, David M. Cole, Chas.
M. Lunt — Committee

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES.

The Committee on Pairs of Farm Horses have attended

to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary

that they have made the following awards :

$12. First premium, to A. F. Lee, Beverly, for pair farm

horses, weight 2300 lbs.

if 8. Second premium, to Peter Holt, jr., North Andover,

for pair farm horses, weight 2500 lbs.
$4. Third premium, to C. N. Maguire, Newburyport,
for pair farm horses, weight 2200 lbs.
Nathan F. Abbott, Moses H. Poor, Thos. E. Cox, jr. —
Committee.

DRAFT COLTS.

The Committee on Draft Colts have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following award :

810. First premium, to Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for
" Marita," imported Percheron black mare, 4 years
old, weight 1509 lbs.
Daniel D. Adams, Nathaniel S. Harris, J. Henry Na-
son — Committee.

COLTS FOR DRAFT PURPOSES, SECOND CLASS.

The Committee on Colts for Draft Purposes, Second
Class, have attended to their duty, and respectfully report
to the Secretary that they have made the following
awards :

$10. First premium, to James Kinnear, Ipswich, for
black stallion, " Wallace," 2 years old, weight 1100
lbs.
#0. Second premium, to James J. Abbott, Andover, for
sorrel colt, 2 years old, weight 1000 lbs.
John Q. Evans, James B. Smith, John A. Hoyt — Com-
mit/e .

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES, FIRST CLASS.

The Committee on Colts for General Purposes, First
Class, have attended to their dut}'-, and respectfully re
port to the Secretary that they have made the following
awards :

$10. First premium, to Eben S. Keye , Rowley, for 4
years old colt.
$6. Second premium to O. A. Blackinton, Rowle}% for

4 years old colt.
$4. Third premium, to Daniel G. Tenney, Newbury, for

4 years old colt.
$8. First premium, to L. S. Morrison, Danvers, for 3

3rears old colt.
$5. Second premium, to Wm. A. Russell, North An-

dover, for 3 years old colt.
*$4. Gratuity. We recommend a gratuity of $4 to
Woodbury Smith, of Rowley, for 4 years old colt-
Nathan A. Bushby, M. B. Chesley, Geo. B.Austin, Geo.
W. Peabody — Committee.

*The Trustees did not suspend the rule to allow this gratuity.

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES, SECOND

CLASS.

The Committee on Colts for General Purposes, Second

Class, have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to

the Secretary that they have made the following awards:

$6. First premium, to H. H. Hale, of Bradford, for two

year old colt, a Bay Stallion.
f>4. Second premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for two year

old stallion, " Eaton Wilkes."
$6. First premium, to Chas. Sanders, Salem, for bay

yearling stallion.
$4. Second premium, to D. G. Tenney, Byfield, for one
year old bay mare, " Sprite."
Chas. II. Gould, S. W. Hopkinson, Ceo. B. Loring —
Committee.

SWINE, FIRST CLASS.

The Committee on Swine, First Class, have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :
$5. Second premium, to Elizabeth Saunders, W. Pea-
body, for breeding sow, and eight pigs.
$5. Second premium, to Robert G. Buxton, Peabody, for

breeding sow, " Chester White."
$5. Second premium, to Samuel P. Buxton, Peabody, for
breeding sow and ten pigs. "Yorkshire."
George Beecher, Daniel E. Moulton, Samuel Longfellow*
— Committee.

SWINE, SECOND. CLASS.

The Committee on Swine, Second Class, have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :
$8. First premium, to Munroe Bros., Lynnfield, for

Yorkshire Boar.
$8. First premium, to Robert G. Buxton, Peabody, for

Yorkshire Sow.
$5. Second premium, to Robert G. Buxton, Peabody, for
Yorkshire Breeding Sow.
George A. Dow, Francis Marsh, T. C. Thurlow, — Com-
mittee.

SHEEP.

The Committee on Sheep have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following award:
$8. First premium, to R. S. Brown, Peabody, for Shrop-
shire buck.
John L. Shorey, Elbridge Mansfield, Joshua H. Chandler,
— Committee.

POULTRY.

The Judge of Poultry has attended to his duty, and
respectfully reports to the Secretary that he has made the
following awards :
$2.00. First premium, to Charles M. Poor, Peabody, for

Buff Cochin fowls.
2.00. First premium, to W. H. Downes, Salem, for Light

Brahma fowls.
1.00. Second premium, to Fred H. Wiiey, Peabody, for

Light Brahma fowls.
2.00. First premium, to Jos. H. Peirson, Newbury, for

Light Brahma chicks.
2.00. First premium, to E. O. Bragdon, Danvers, for

Dark Brahma chicks.
1.00. Second premium, to Charles M. Poor, Peabody, for

Dark Brahma chicks.
2.00. First premium, to Samuel Rogers, West Newbury,

for White Wyandotte fowls.
1.00. Second premium, to Samuel Rogers, West New-
bury, for White Wyandotte fowls.
2.00. First premium, to L. W. Floyd, Newbury, for Laced

Wyandotte fowls.
2.00. First premium, to Geo. H. King, Peabody, for

White Leghorn chicks.
2.00. First premium, to W. E. Sheen, Peabody, for Brown

Leghorn chicks.
2.00. First premium, to Nathan H. Poor, Peabody, for

Plymouth Rock chicks.
2.00. First premium, to CM. Poor, Peabody, for B. B,

Red Game Bantam fowls.
2.00. First premium, to C. M. Poor, Peabody, for B. B.

Red Game Bantam chicks.
1.00. Second premium, to Elmer Bates, Marblehead, for

B. B. Red Game Bantam chicks.
2.00. First premium, to L. W. Floyd, Newbury, for White

Game chicks.
2.00. First premium, to W. P. Perkins, Danvers, for lot

of ducks.

2.00. First premium, to W. P. Perkins, Danvers, for lot
of geese.

1.00. Second premium, to W. P. Perkins, Danvers, for
lot of geese.

1.00. Second premium, to L. W. Floyd, Newbury, for lot
of ducks.

5.00. First premium, to Fred H. Wiley, Peabody, for
coop of 10 or more fowls, with statement of keeping
and profit.

2.00. First premium, to G. D. Walton, Peabody, for
dressed chickens.

2.00. First premium, to G. D. Walton, Peabody, for
dressed ducks.

1.00. First premium, to Charles P. Preston, Danvers, for
best dozen eggs.
First premium, Society's diploma, to Warren Newhall, Pea-
body, for breeding pen Bantams.
First premium, Society's diploma, to Charles M. Poor, Pea-
body, for breeding pen Dark Brahma chicks.

W. F. Bacon, Judge.

Essex County Agricultural Society :

Gentlemen : — Supplementary to the regular report on
poultry, I would most respectfully present for your con-
sideration, a suggestion or two that I think would improve
that department, increasing the number of exhibits, and
improving the quality exhibited.

The general custom, at all poultry exhibitions, and at
the majority of agricultural fairs, is to offer a premium on
each variety of the following ducks and geese, while your
society only offers a general premium for best lot.

Namely : In my opinion, you would encourage the breed-
ing of water fowl, by offering premiums on Aylesbury,
Rouen, Cayuga, Pekin, white and colored Muscovy, and
Brazilian ducks; and Toulouse, Emden, Brown China, and
African geese.

In entering exhibition of Breeding Pens, 1 believe a man
should be allowed to mark one female, which, with the

male bird, should be entitled to compete for the general
premium for best pair ; also, go to make up the pen. This
also is the general rule in most societies.

I would recommend that the exhibiting of mongrel or
cross bred stock be discouraged, by offering no premium or
gratuity, except on first-class birds ; and, in order to assure
that end, require a pair to figure 176 points, to win first
premium. I would also recommend that a premium be
offered for best dozen eggs, by each of the following classes :
Asiatic, American, Game, French, and Spanish classes ;
the Hamburgs, Polish, and Dorkins to compete in the
Spanish class.

Very respectfully yours,

W. F. Bacon, Judge.

Note. The Trustees at their November meeting adopted above
recommendations. See premium list for 1888.

poultry account op fred. h. wiley, op peabody, mass.,
for eighty-one weeks.

1886. Dr. Or.

Feb. 8, To 13 head of stock on hand, $13 00

Feb. 10, By 2 Cockerels, sold, " $2 40

" " 52 eggs, 1 40

" 13, To 50 lbs. shorts, 55

Mch. 8, " 1 lb. sulphur, 05

" 17, " 10 lbs. lime, 10

« 19, " 1 bag of corn, 1 00

" " " 1 bag of oats, 1 00

" 23, " 10 lbs. oyster shells, 20

March, By 12 dozen eggs, at 30 cts., 3 60

April, " 15 dozen eggs, at 25 cts., 3 75

Apr. 10, To 1 pound sulphur, 13

" " " 5 hens and cockerel, 8 00

« 15, " L. Brahma eggs, 3 00

" 23, By 1 bushel hen manure, 35

40
May, By 15 doz. eggs, at 18 1-3 cts., 2 75

" 17,

To L. Brahma eggs,

4 50

" 19,

" 1 bag of meal,

June,

By 11 doz. eggs, at 22 8-11 cts.,

2 50

« 3,

To 1 bag of wheat,

it 44

" 1 bag of Ck. corn,

U u

" 1 bag of Meal,

July,

By 15 doz. eggs, at 25 cts.,

3 75

» 12,

To 1 bag of Ck. corn,

" 12,

" 1 bag of meal,

August,

By 12^ doz. eggs, at 30c,

3 75

Aug. 15,

To 1 bag of corn,

t< it

" 1 bag of meal,

" 17,

By 5 hens, sold,

2 12

Sept. 18,

To 1 bag cracked corn,

" 20,

To 100 lbs. oyster shells.

tt a

" 1 bag corn,

" 23,

By 11 pullets, at 50c,

5 50

" 24,

" 2 cockerels,

2 65

Sept.

" 7| doz. eggs, at 30c,

2 32

Oct. 7,

To 1 bag meal,

u tt

" 1 bag dessicated fish,

1 50

" 9,

By 5 cockerels,

4 58

a a

" 6 Light Brahmas, at $1.25,

7.50

" 5 doz. eggs, at 39c,

1 95

Nov. 7,

To 1 bag meal,

u u

" 3 bags of corn,

" 8,

By 4 chickens, sold,

4 14

Dec. 3,

" 3 chickens, sold,

3 50

1887.

Jan. 8,

To 1 bag of meal,

« 11,

" 1 cockerel,

" 15,

" 2 pullets,

" 17,

" 1 bag of wheat,

Jan. 19,

By 9 chickens,

11 37

Feb.

" 5 eggs,

Mch. 2,

To 1 bag corn.

" 14,

" 4 setters,

Mch. 18, To 2 setters,

Mch. By 26 Eggs,

Apr. 5, To 3 setters,

" 18, By 1 setting of eggs,

« " 20 eggs,

May 2, To 1 setter,

"7, "1 bag of wheat,

" " " 1 bag of corn,

" " " 1 bag of meal,

" " " 20 lbs. lime,

" 9, " 3 setters,

" " " 1 bag of oats,

" " '; 1 bag of barley,

" 12, " 2 setters,

" 18, By 6 setters,
May, " 8 doz. eggs, at 22c.,

June 10, To 1 bag meal,

" 10, " 1 lb. copperas,

" 18, " 10 lbs. lime,

" 19, By 5 setters,

" 20, " 20 eggs for hatching,

June, " 6 doz. eggs, at 22 and 25c,

July 9, To 1 bag of corn,

" 18, " 1 bag of meal,

" " " 1 bag of wheat,

" 29, By 4 bushels hen manure,

" " " 1 hen,

July, " 9| doz. eggs,

Aug. 29, To 1 bag bolted meal,
By 8 eggs,

Total, $92 23 $88 86

STOCK ON HAND.

68 chickens, valued at $2.00, $136 00

11 hens, valued at $2.00, 22 00

1 cock, valued at 5 00

Total, $163 00

2 00

2 50

3 00

1 70

1 15

1 15 .

1 35

1 00

1 40

1 50

2 00

1 76

1 15

3 20

2 00

1 44

1 05

1 75

1 40

2 58

1 25

Credits, $88 86

Total Credits, $251 SQ

Expenses, 92 23

Net proceeds, $159 63

Note. — His receipts for 59 head of stock, 81 weeks,
" " *' 129 doz. eggs, 81 weeks.

" " "5 bushels hen manure,

Value of 80 head of stock, on hand Aug. 29, 1887,

Total,

Value of original stock, 13 head, Feb. 8, 1886,
Cost of feed, 81 weeks,
Cost of disinfectants,
Cost of eggs for breeding,
Cost of stock for breeding,

$49 26

37 85

1 75

163 00

$251 86

$13 00

38 65

7.50

32 45

92 23
Profit for 81 weeks, (average of $1 97 per week), 159 63

$251 86

STATEMENT OF FRED H. WILEY, IN REPLY TO INQUIRIES BY THE

SECRETARY.

Dear Sir :

I had eleven hens and two cockerels, eight of which were
Plymouth Rocks, and three Leghorns. I valued them at
$13. They were nothing but common hens.

I give my hens bolted meal, scalded, every morning, ex-
cept in the summer months. At noon, different kinds of
grain, such as wheat, oats, barley, and cracked corn ; at
night, about four o'clock in cold weather, and six o'clock in
hot weather, I give them whole corn. I also give them
fresh water twice a day. I clean off the roost boards every
morning, and sweep down the cobwebs if there are any.
To keep free from vermin, I kerosene the roosts, once a
week, and I don't have any trouble with lice ; this is the
best remedy to keep lice away I know. I use air-slack lime
in my nests. I raise my chickens with hens. I hatched
out 75 chickens this year. 1 do not feed them until they

are twenty-four hours old, and then I give them boiled eggs
and bread crumbs, the first two or three days. I give them
chopped green grass every single day of their lives, because
I have no chance for them to run on gras ground. I rake
the grass from the lawn in summer, and dry it, and then in
winter pour hot water on it and it turns green. The way I
break up setters is, to put them in a slat coop that is set up
off the ground, so that there will be a draft on all sides of
them. They won't set long after they have been hi there a
while.

The value of the Light Brahma pure-bred stock I now
have, is the market value of my hens and chickens. The
reason I value the cock so highly, is, because when I bought
him I paid $5, and 1 claim he is worth that to-day.

I was sixteen years old last February, the 28th day.

I keep oyster shells on hand for the hens, all the time, as
they need them to make egg shells.

Yours respectfully,

Fred H. Wiley.

PLOUGHING WITH DOUBLE TEAMS.

The Committee on Ploughing, Double Teams, have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that they have made the following awards :
$12. First premium, to B. H. Farnum, North Andover, for
ploughing with Hussey's No. 16 plough.

E. G. Nason, J. W. Blodgett, G. W. Sargent, Abel Stick-
ney, James Noyes — Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH SINGLE TEAM.

The Committee on Ploughing, Single Team, have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :

$10. First premium, to Washington Winslow, Hamilton,
for ploughing with one yoke oxen, with 01iver
plough.
Samuel S. Pratt, W. P. Fisher, Horace Ware— Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH HORSES.

The Committee on Ploughing with Horses have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :

$10. First premium, to Moses D. Poor, W. Newbury, for
ploughing with No. 106 Hussey plough.
$7. Second premium, to W. M. Bent, Dan vers, for plough-
ing with Syracuse plough.
•$5. Third premium, to Edwin A. Durkee, Peabody, for
ploughing with No. 104 Hussey plough.
0. L. Carleton, Paul T. Winkley jr., Wm. H. Smith,
Reuben Alley — Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH SWIVEL PLOUGH.

The Committee on Ploughing, Swivel Plough, have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that they have made the following awards:
$12. First premium, to Solomon W. Weston, Middleton,

for ploughing with one pair oxen, IXL. plough.
$10. Second premium, to Wilkins & Christopher, Middle-
ton, for ploughing with one pair oxen, Barrows &
Sargent plough.
$10. First premium, to Jonas Rollins, Danvers, for plough"
ing with one pair horses, Granger plough.
-$6. Second premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for
ploughing with one pair horses.
C. N. Maguire, Ansel W. Putnam, Aaron Low, John A.
Hoyt — Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH SULKY PLOUGH.

The Committee on Ploughing, Sulky Plough, have atten-
ded to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that they have made the following awards:
$8. Second premium, to J. E. Page, Salem, for work done
by Cassidy plough.

First premium, to Francis 0. Kimball, Danvers, for
work done by National Reversible plough.

J. J. H. Gregory, Samuel E. Marsh, Albert Emerson —
Committee.

There were two entries: The Cassidy, by Mr. J. E. Page,
of the Pickman farm, and the National Reversible, by Mr.
Francis 0. Kimball. The committee had a very interesting
duty to perform, in comparing the work done by these two
ploughs. Our judgment was that each of the ploughs did
as good work in stony land, as would a common plough ;
that each turned under the sod, as a rule, and the Cassidy
even better, than any single team plough on the ground.
The National Reversible was evidently of easier draught
than the Cassidy, for, though this was drawn by a heavier
pair of horses which had worked all summer, they evidently
labored harder than the smaller pair attached to the Rever-
sible, while these latter ploughed on an average, a quarter
deeper. The Reversible leaving no dead furrows, is an in-
vention along the line of modern improvement in ploughs.
On the whole, your committee was very favorably impressed
by this new applicant lor patronage, the " National Rever-
sible," and would advise any fellow-farmer who finds him-
self with -|55 to spare at the close of the season, to invest
it in this plough, rather than put it in any savings bank,
believing that when so invested it will pay a much larger
interest than four per cent.

J. J. H. Gregory, for the Committee.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

The Committee on Agricultural Implements have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that they have made the following awards :
$5. First premium, to George E. Daniels, Rowley, for

farm cart.
$5. First premium, to Dole & Osgood, Pcabody, for gro-
cery wagon.

$5. First premium, to H. P. Whipple, Peabody, for milk
wagon.

$3. Gratuity, to E. L. Blake & Co., Peabody, for seed
drills and weed hoes.

$3. Gratuity, to Robert Baker, Manchester, for patent
ladder.

$1. Gratuity, to John Barker, North Andover, for 0. K.
harrow.

$5. First premium, to J. H. Smith, Peabody, for exhi-
bition of horse shoes.
S. E. Marsh, J. A. Ilsley, J. J. II. Gregory — Committee,

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

There was, this season, a most striking poverty in the
exhibit in the implement department. I cannot recall an
exhibition so poor in numbers, in the experience of a quar-
ter of a century. Still, this poverty in the exhibit is not to
be wondered at, when we consider the great increase there
has been of late years, in agricultural fairs. The result is
inevitable, that some location must occasionally have but a
poor show in this department, for the obvious reason that
our great agricultural establishments cannot be present in
force, everywhere, at the same time. It is obvious that the
present season has brought our turn.

The striking novelty of the season, was Clark's " Cut-
away Disk Harrow," exhibited by the Higanum Manufac-
turing Company. This differed from other disk harrows in
having four pieces cut out of the disk, leaving them of
about the shape of a Greek cross ; by crossing two of our
fingers in the middle, at right angle, we will get the idea.
It was claimed that this new form would cut deeper into the
soil, and free itself from lumps more easily than the stan-
dard pattern. The trial, made after the plowing match, ap-
peared to well substantiate the first claim. I consider it an
implement well worthy of the attention of farmers who
need a disk harrow. There is one objection I have to it, in
common with most of the disk harrows, — the ball and
socket joint, as sold with them. Mind you, I have no ob

jection to the ball and socket system of forming a joint ; in
its easy and varied motion it cannot be surpassed, — but
when made of a soft material, the ball, after rather a
limited use, works its way out of the socket, as it has in my
experience, in two instances, in this class of harrows (my
harrows have but little rest), then my pocket-book, at the
next purchase, pays for another style of joint, — and this I
found in the Climax, which thus far has proved itself to he
an excellent implement.

Blake's Improved Danvers seed drill, when used with
care, no doubt is a good implement with which to plant
onions and such other seed as do not tend to pack togethe'*,
from the jarring caused by the movement of the machine
while planting ; but for use for many varieties of seed, it is
defective, having only a shaking motion. This is not suf-
ficient to keep some varieties of seed, carrot, for instance,
if it is not perfectly cleaned, from packing together over
the drop hole, and so clogging it.

One must have either the force feed or those machines
which have a finger motion acting just over the drop hole,
and by keeping the seed continually stirred, keeps them
from clogging. The force feed implements are those which
carry the seed in sunken depressions (which can be made
more or less capacious by turning the screws which are at
the bottom of them), around the circumference of a wheel,
to a brush of bristle so arranged as to force them out.

The Sargent machine, used largely in the vicinity of
Newbury, and the Willis machine, used in Arlington and
vicinity, are good illustrations of this class. The Mathews
seed drill is a good illustration of the agitator class. The
latter I have used for small seed for many years, and am
well satisfied with it.

It must be borne in mind, when using any implement, no
matter how great its artistic excellencies may be, that a
machine is but a machine, and its success or failure will
always depend largely upon how much of brains the man
who uses it presents it with. I have two men planting
onion seed, side by side, and I can usually see plainly,
throughout the season, the difference in the result.

There was a good exhibit of several styles of onion hoes,
excellent for working between the rows, but there were
none of the class which straddle the rows, weeding both
sides at the same time. In some sections of New England*
these are in common use, and there is certainly a good argu-
ment fur them, in the fact that they save a good deal of
hand weeding. I know it may be said that with the com-
mon slide, or wheel hoe, the results secured are the same,
for though they do not weed each side of a row, they do
weed one side of two rows. True, but the great advantage
of the straddle hoe is, that they can be regulated to go as
close to the row as we may find it for our advantage to go,
and having each side of the row close under the eye, we
can do closer work than with the common style of hoe, even
when different widths are at hand. The Fuller weed hoe,
Planet Jr., and Bridgeport hoe are examples of the straddle
class ; the Fuller differing from all others in the fact that
the two hoes working close to the onions are always under
complete control of the operator.

" The 0. K. Steel Coulter harrow " is recommended as
an implement that would cover manure remarkably well.
That may be, and I think it likely, but to the eye it looks
very like a Bastard Share harrow, a style that was in use
about fifteen years ago.

This subject of agricultural implements is one of huge
proportions, and, located as we are, in about the center of
yankee ingenuity, it is one of great importance, and well
worthy of more thorough attention than it has yet received.
We have had excellent exhibitions of the various ploughs,
and do have them every year at our annual ploughing
matches, but how is it of cultivators, harrows, and weeding
hoes ? Has not agriculture advanced sufficiently among us,
to have the importance of these implements more fully
recognized ? Every farmer in our county, who owns a
plough; owns also a cultivator and harrow, and usually a
seed sower and weed hoe. Should not our system of pre-
miums recognize these, not only in the exhibition tent, as
show implements, but in the work they will actually do ?

To do this at its best, it would be necessary that they should
be used among growing crops, and to witness this work, a
mid-summer assembling would be necessary. At that time
of the year all of us farmers are very busy, — but I believe
that if a handbill should be issued by the society, giving
the names of the different kinds of implements that would
be tested, and the varieties of each kind, farmers would be
so interested that quite a body would gather. I could con-
tribute nearly a dozen varieties of onion hoes to such an ex-
hibition. About half way between planting and haying,
would be apt to find crops in their best condition, and farm-
ers with the nearest approach to a leisure day.

J. J. H. Gregory, Chairman.

CARRIAGES.

The Committee on Carriages have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have made
the following awards :
Diploma and $10 gratuity, to H. H. Pillsbury, Danvers, for

goddard buggy.
$10. Gratuity, to Dole & Osgood, Peabody, for end spring

buggy-
$10. Gratuity, to H. Whipple, Peabody, for carpet wagon.
R. M. Leach, Ira Poster, Edward Kent — Committee.

DAIRY.

The Committee on Dairy have attended to their duty, and
respectfully report to the Secretary that they have made the
following awards:

$10. First premium, to D. G. Tenney, Newbury, for 16 lbs.
butter.
$8. Second premium, to Mrs. B. H. Farnum, No. An-

dover, for 7 lbs. butter.
$6. Third premium, to Mrs. Oliver Patch, Hamilton, for
14 lbs. butter.
John A. Putnam, Eldred S. Parker, Dudley Bradstreet —
Committee. 4

STATEMENT OP D. G. TENNEY.

I present, for your inspection, sixteen lbs. of September
butter, made from the milk of Native, Grade, Dutch, and
Hereford cows. The milk is set in tin pans, and the cream
taken off when the milk has soured. When churned, work
out the buttermilk with hands, and salt to taste. The next
morning, work again, and weigh into pound balls, and
square with boards.

STATEMENT OF MRS. B. H. FARNUM.

I make my butter in the old-fashioned way. Churn twice a
week ; work out the buttermilk by hand. Have no ice, or
milk cellar, nor any suitable place to keep my milk. This
seven pounds of butter is a fair sample of my make for the
past year. Use no coloring. It will keep in shape on a
dining-table, the warmest day in summer, without ice. The
past season has been unfavorable for making butter, on ac-
count of dull weather.

STATEMENT OF MRS. OLIVER PATCH.

I enter, for premium, fourteen pounds of butter, made
last week, from the milk of two cows, partly Buffalo. The
milk is skimmed, after standing thirty-six hours ; adding a
little salt to the cream, and stirring every day. When put
into the churn, add a quart of cold water. Never use water
after the butter comes. After taking from the churn, the
buttermilk is thoroughly worked out, and butter salted, an
ounce to a pound. The next day it is worked over again,
ad made into pound lumps.

BREAD, HONEY, AND CANNED FRUIT.

The Committee on Bread, Honey, and Canned Fruit,
have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards :
$3. First premium, to Mrs. Lyman S. Wilkins, Middle-
ton, for white bread.

$2. Second premium, to Mary Morrison, Peabody, for

white bread.
$1. Third premium, to Mrs. C. H. Goulding, Peabody,

for white bread.
$2. First premium, to Mrs. J. F. Patch, Hamilton, for

graham bread.
$1. Second premium, to Annie C. Horsch, Rowley, for

graham bread.
$1. Gratuity, to Olivia J. Spencer, Peabody, for rolls

and cake.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. A. Cole, W. Boxford, for brown

bread.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Erastus Ward, Peabody, for brown

bread.
$3. Gratuity, to N. N. Dummer, Rowley, for display of

prepared and cooked grains, from Glen Mills.
$3. First premium, to Mrs. A. Wilson, North Beverly,

for jellies and canned fruits.
$2. First premium, to Mrs. A. C. Osborn, Peabody, for

canned fruit.

SPECIAL PREMIUMS, OFFERED BY N. N. DUMMER, OF GLEN MILLS,

ROWLEY, FOR GRAHAM BREAD MADE FROM " GLEN MILLS

IMPROVED GRAHAM OR ENTIRE WHEAT FLOUR."

$5. First premium, to Mrs. J. F. Patch, Hamilton, for

" Improved Graham Flour" bread.
$2.50. Second premium, to Annie C. Horsch, Rowley, for

" Improved Graham Flour " bread.
$1. Third premium, to Mrs. George Z. Goodell, Salem,
for " Improved Graham Flour " bread.
The exhibit of bread submitted for exhibition, and for
premium, although not as large in amount as usual, was ex-
ceptionally good. h\ some instances, the rules of the so-
ciety were nut entirely complied with ; for instance, the
brown bread the society orders made with yeast (not com-
monly used now), and that exhibited was made without
yeast in every case. In some of the wheat bread the rules

of the society were not strictly complied with in minor
points, I nit were excused by your committee. In some cases
the bread was entered too late, therefore, it had to be set
aside. Gratuities were also given to some fine collections
of rolls and cake which were sent in without statements.

The exhibit entered by N. N. Dummer, of Glen Mills,
Rowley, of grains, cooked and uncooked, were full and very
interesting.

Bees, Hives and Honey. In this department there was
no honey entered. Bees and hives, without statements as
to amount of honey made, or how the bees were cared for^
were entered, and, therefore, could receive no premium.
The exhibits of preserves and jellies were very small, and
no exhibits of dried fruits or pickles were sent to this de-
partment.

Mrs. Charles B. Emerson, chairman, Mrs. W. L. Bow-
doin, Amanda F. Low — Committee.

STATEMENT OF MRS. LYMAN S. WILKTNS, FIRST PREMIUM WHITE

BREAD.

Haxall flour, 3 pints ; 1 pint of milk, \ cup of yeast, 1
tablespoonful of lard, 1 tablespoonful of sugar, 1 table-
spoonful of salt. Mixed with a spoon ; not kneaded at all.
Raised 5£ hours ; baked 1 hour.

STATEMENT OF MART MORRISON, SECOND PREMIUM WHITE BREAD.

1 quart of flour, J teaspoonful of salt, \ tablespoonful
of sugar, 1-8 compressed yeast cake. One-half milk and
one-half water. Knead twenty minutes.

STATEMENT OF MRS. J. F. PATCH.

Bread made from Glen Mills Improved Graham Flour, —
put up by N. N. Dummer, Rowley, Mass.

Process of making: 1 quart graham flour, 1 teaspoonful
salt, 1 large spoonful shortening, 1 large spoonful sugar, \
cup potato yeast, 1 pint milk and water, mixed warm. Set

to rise over night; in the morning, knead, put in tins, and
rise again one hour. Bake an hour and ten minutes, in
moderate oven.

STATEMENT OF ANNIE C. HORSCH, SECOND PREMIUM.

Glen Mills Improved Graham Bread. At noon make a
sponge of 3 Warner's yeast cake, about ^ pint warm water
and flour. At night, take 1 pint of milk, 2 teaspoonfuls of
salt, and 2 dessertspoonfuls sugar, with the sponge, and
graham flour enough to stiffen. In the morning, mould
about five minutes, put into tins, and raise ; then bake 2
loaves*

STATEMENT OP MRS. A. WILSON, OP JELLIES.

Boil the fruit until tender, and strain through hair sieve
and then through flannel bag. Add 1 pound of sugar to a
pint of juice, and boil twenty minutes, and strain through
muslin, into glasses,

STATEMENT OF MRS. ABRAHAM C. OSBORNE, CANNED FRUIT.

Ladies: — I enter, for premium, specimen of the several
varieties of fruits and berries, canned by me, for family
use. All of the fruits and berries were grown in our own
garden ; not a single one was obtained elsewhere. My
method of canning is simple, as follows : — The pears are
canned whole. It was formerly my practice to cut them in
quarters, but recently, finding that tliey would keep just as
long and well, canned whole, also, it being much less labor,
I have adopted that method. Granulated sugar is used en-
tirely by me, in canning. The quantity, one-half as many
pounds as there are fruit or berries. I do not name this as
a fixed rule for everyone to follow. People differ so much
in their tastes, that it is almost impossible to have a general
rule for everyone to adopt. Perhaps it would be a better
and more satisfactory course to be pursued, for every one
to sweeten to their taste. The rhubard, Black Naples cur-
rants and gooseberries are not sweetened when they are

canned. As they are used for so many different purposes,
the sugar is not put in until they are wanted for use. More
sugar was used for the crab apples and plums than any of
the other varieties.

PEARS.

The Committee on Pears have attended to their duty
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have made
the following awards:
$3. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for 12 Bartlett

pears.
$3. First premium, to A. Stickney, Groveland, for 12 Belle

Lucrative pears.
$3. First premium, to D. A. Pettengill, Danvers, for 12

Beurre Bosc pears.
$3. First premium, to Samuel Spalding, Danvers, for 12

Beurre d'Anjou pears.
$3. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for 12 Duchess

d'Angouleme pears.
$3. First premium to B. F. Southwick, Peabody, for 12

Dana Hovey pears.
$3. First premium, to John O'Brien, Bradford, for 12

Lawrence pears.
$3. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for 12 Louis

Bon de Jersey pears.
$3. First premium, to A. J. Hubbard, Peabody, for 12

Maria Louise pears.
|3. First premium, to J. H. Hill, Amesbury, for 12 Onon-
daga pears.
First premium, to B. R. Symonds, Salem, for 12 Par-
adise d' Automne pears.
$3. First premium, to D. A. Pettengill, Danvers, for 12

Seekle pears.
$3. First premium, to Amos Raddin, Peabody, for 12

Sheldon pears.
First premium, to W. W. Perkins, Newbury, for 12

Urbaniste pears.

$3. First premium, to David A. Pettengill, Dan vers, for

12 Vicar of Winkfield pears.
$3. First premium, to J. H. Hill, Amesbury, for 12 Beurre

Langliera pears.
$3. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for 12 Howell

pears.
$3. First premium, to E. F. Webster, Haverhill, for 12

Beurre Hardy pears.
$3. First premium, to F. N. Carlton, Peabody, for 12

Beurre Clairgeau pears.
$1.50. Gratuity, to R. H. Brown, Peabody, for 12 Doy de

Cornice pears.
$ 1.5.0. Gratuity, to A. Stickney, Groveiand, for 12 Good-
ale pears.
$2. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for 21 Duchess de-

Angouleme pears.
$2. Gratuity, to Edwin Verey, Salem, for 24 Buerre

Bosc pears.
$1. Gratuity, to J. Lamson, Haverhill, for 24 Beurre

Bosc pears.
$1. Gratuity, to C. B. Haven, Peabody, for 24 Seckle

pears.
$ 1. Gratuity, to F. N. Carlton, Peabody, for 12 Beurre

Bosc pears.
$ 1. Gratuity, to F. N. Carlton, Peabody, for 12 Onondaga

pears.
$1. Gratuity, to F. N. Carlton, Peabody, for 12 Duchess

de Angouleme pears.
$ 1. Gratuity, to C. B. Haven, Peabody, for 12 Seckle

pears.
$1. Gratuity, to G. D. Walton, Peabody, for 12 Bartlett

pears.
$1. Gratuity, to A. Raddin, Peabody, for 12 Lawrence

pears.
$1. Gratuity, to A. Raddin, Peabody, for 12 Howell

pears.
$1. Gratuity, to A. Raddin, Peabody, for 12 Beurre

Clairgeau pears.

$1. Gratuity, to A. C. Osborn, Peabody, for 12 Crispin

pears.
$1. Gratuity, to C. E. Brown, 2nd., Peabody, for 12

Beurre d' Anjou pears.
$1. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for 12 Bosc pears.
$1. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for 12 Sheldon

pears.
$1. Gratuity, to J. W. Dodge, Dan vers, for Dodge Seed-
ling pears.
$1. Gratuity, to R: H. Brown, Peabody, for 12 Howell

pears.
$1. Gratuity, to W. P. Hutchingson, Danvers Center,

for 12 Beurre Clairgeau pears.
$1. Gratuity, to Walnut Farm, Essex, for 12 Sheldon

pears.
$1. Gratuity, to S. South wick, Peabody, for Pyramid of

pears.
John R. Langley, Abraham C. Osborn, Peter M. Neal.
George Pettengill — Committee.

There were 272 dishes of 12 specimens each, and 3 of
24 each. The Committee would recommend that there
be no premium offered for 24 specimens, but that the
amount of that premium be added to the gratuities to be
given to 12 specimen dishes.* They also recommend
that the Beurre Langlier be dropped from the list recom-
mended for cultivation in Essex County, and that the
Doyenem de Cornice be added to the list.*

George Pettengill, for the Committee.

*Note. — The Trustees at November meeting struck from the Hat,
the premiums for 24 specimens of Pears, and Apples, and offer the
amount for Collection of Pears and Apples. The Committees on Pears
and Apples are already authorized to award $1.50 Premiums for any
other varieties than those recommended, if deemed worthy of it.
The recommendation in regard to the Beurre Langlier Pear was
adopted.

D. W. Low, Secretary.

APPLES.

The Committee on Apples have attended to their duty
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :
$3. First premium, to Simon P. Buxton, Feabody, for

Hubardtson Nonsuch.
$3. First premium, to Thomas Sawyer, Boxford, for

King of Tompkins County.
to. First premium, to Wm. W. Perkins, Newbury, for

Tolman Sweet.
$3. First premium, to Wm. W. Perkins, Newbury, for

R. I. Greening.
$3. First premium, to Thomas Hale, Rowley, for Graven-
stein.
$3. First premium, to Francis T. Marstin, Danvers, for

Sweet Baldwin.
$3. First premium, to S. B. George, Groveland, for Hunt

Russett.
$3. First premium, to D. Bradstreet, Topsfield, for Drap

d'Or.
$3. First premium, to Wm. B. Little, Newbury, for

Smith's Cider.
$3. First premium, to Monroe Bros., Lynnfield, for Dan-
vers Winter Sweet.
$3. First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

Bailey's Sweet.
$3. First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

Granite Beauty.
$3. First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

Red Russett.
$3. First premium, to Wm. R. Kimball, West Boxford,

for Porter.
$3\ First premium, to Moses H. Poot, West Newbury,

for Baldwin.
$3. First premium, to Joel L. Southworth, West Pea-
body, for Hurlburt.
$3. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for
Pickman Pippin.

il.oO. First premium, to Lyman S. Wilkins, Middletott,
for Russian Crab.

$6. First premium, to Marcellus Janes, West Newbury,
for best 24 specimens Hubardston Nonsuch.

$1.50. Gratuity, to William ft. Cole, West Boxford, for
William's Favorite (excellent).

SI. Gratuity, to Frank A. Whitman, Wenham, for Snow.

SI. Gratuity, to Frank A. Whitman, Wenham, for Un-
known (very fine).

|1. Gratuity, to Thomas C. Thurlow, West Newbury,
for 20 ounce Pippin.

91. Gratuity to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for Drap d'-
Or.

$1. Gratuity, to T. K. Bartlett, Newburyport, for Brad-
ford Nonsuch.

■$1. Gratuity, to W. P. Smith, Rowley, for Blue Pear-
main.

SI. Gratuity, to Thomas P. Hale, Rowley, for Baldwin.

$1. Gratuity, to Thomas Hale, Rowley, for Spitzenberg.

SI. Gratuity, to Thomas Hale, Rowley, for Conn. Green-
ing.

SI. Gratuity, to Wm. W. Perkins, Newbury, for Rox-

bury Russets.
•SI. Gratuity, to Mrs. Dr. White, Danvers, for Hubbard*

ston Non.
SI. Gratuity, to C. C. Blunt, Andover, for Strawberry.
$1. Gratuity, to Patrick Murphy, Peabody, for Osgood's

Favorite.
$1. Gratuity, to S. W. Spaulding, Danvers, for Wealthy.
$1. Gratuity, to E. K. Lee, Essex, for Gravenstein.
$1.50. Gratuity, to S. Southwick, Peabody, for pyramid

of assorted apples.
Geo. W. Chad wick, Thomas K. Leach, Joseph Howe,
William B. Little, T. P. Hale — Committee.

'PEACHES, GRAPES, AND ASSORTED FRUITS.

The Committee on Peaches, Grapes, and Assorted

Fruits, have attended to their duty, and respectfully r6->

port to the Secretary that they have made the following

awards :

$3. First premium, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for
Niagara grapes.

$3. First premium, to A. J. Hubbard, Peabody, for Con-
cord grapes.

$3. First premium, to Geo. W. Gage, Methuen, for Wor-
den's Seedling grapes.

$3. First premium, to S. M. Titcomb, West Newbury,
for Brighton grapes.

$3. First premium, to Chas. E. Marsh, Lynn, for Hart-
ford Prolific grapes.

$3. First premium, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for
Delaware grapes.

$3. First premium, to C. B. Haven, Peabody, for Mar-
tha grapes.

$3. First premium, to W. P. Richardson, Danvers, for
Moore's Early grapes.

$1.50. First premium, to Geo. D. Walton, Danvers, for
Croton grapes.

$1.50. First premium, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers,
for Prentiss grapes.

$6. First premium, to Aaron Low, Essex, for Cold House
Black Hamburg grapes.

$4. Second premium, to Geo. W. Gage, Methuen, for
Black Hamburg grapes.

50c. Gratuity, to C. B. Haven, Peabody, for Bush
Orange quinces.

$2. First premium, to Miss Minnie A. Walton, Peabody
for peaches.

•fl. Gratuity, to D. H. Southwick, Peabody, for Clinton
grapes.

$1. Gratuity, to Rufus Goodwin, Ayer Village, Haver-
hill, for Concord grapes.

$1. Gratuity, to Rufus Goodwin, Ayer Village, Haver-
hill, for Delaware grapes.

i)()c. Gratuity, to A. C. Osborne, Peabody, for Podding-

ton grapes.
50c. Gratuity, to A. C. Osborne, Peabody, for Concord

grapes.
60c. Gratuity, to Mrs. G. P. Osborne, Peabody, for

Renia Claud plums.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. G. P. Osborne, Peabody, for

Cole's Golden Drop plums.
f 2. Gratuity, to E. F. Webster, Haverhill, for Orange

quince.
$1. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. F. Farran, Salem, for Orange

quince.
$ 1. Gratuity, to Samuel Cammett, Amesbury, for Mar-
tha grapes.
$1. Gratuity, to Geo. Pettengill, Salem, for Ives' Blood

peach.
>fl. Gratuity, to Edwin Verry, Salem, for White Flesh

Essex County peach.
50c. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates; Lynn, for Lombard

plums.
$1. Gratuity, to Mrs. W. O. Satford, Salem, for Yellow

Egg plums.
$3. First premium, to Frederick Lamson, Salem, for

collection of peaches.
$2. First premium, to Frederick Lamson, Salem, for

Essex County Seedling peaches.
$ 2. First premium, to S. D. Rollins, Amesbury, for yel-
low flesh peaches, " Late Crawford."
$2. First premium, to Henry M. Meek, Salem, for white

flesh peaches, " Stump of the World."

J. Henry Hill, Chairman.

FLOWERS.

The Committee on Flowers have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards:

50c. Gratuity, to Joseph Symonds, Salem, for Asters.
50c. Gratuit}r, to Mrs. Geo. Reynolds, Peabody, for

Cockscombs.
50c. Gratuity, to W. J. Walton, Salem, for 2 plates

flowers.
$2. Second premium, to Miss E. M. Perley, Danvers, for

collection Foliage Plants.
$3. Second premium, to Andrew Nichols, Jr., Danvers,

for native plants, named.
$5. First premium, to Miss Mary W. Nichols, Danvers,

for native plants, named.
50c. Gratuity, to Jessie F. Hapgood, Middleton, for

Quilled Asters.
$1. First premium, to Agnes H. Hale, Rowley, for Zin-
nias.
$1. First premium, to Mrs. A. Raddin, So. Peabody, for

6 varieties of Dahlias.
81. Gratuity, to Miss S. H. Newhall, So. Peabody, for

Roses, and Sweet Peas.
$1. First premium, to Miss S. H. Newhall, So. Peabody,

for 3 varieties of Roses.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. N. E. Ladd, Groveland, for Nas-
turtiums.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. H. M. Osborn, Peabody, for cut

flowers.
75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. Marsh, Lynn, for Gladiolus.
$1. Gratuity, to Mr. S. Blaney, Peabody, for collection

of Asters.
$1. First premium, to Mrs. Chas. Perley, West B oxford,

for Calendulas.
$1. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. H. Hill, Amesbury, for Roses

(tender)-
$1. First premium, to Joseph Symonds, Salem, for 24

Asters.
$1. Gratuity, to Miss S. H. Newhall, So. Peabody, for

^collection.
$1. First premium, to Miss S. H. Newhall, So. Peabody,

for 6 varieties of Verbenas.

$1. First premium, to Mrs. J. E. Page, Salem, for bou-
quet garden Flowers.

$1. Gratuity, to Mrs. W. W. Kimball, Lynn, for bouquet
Wild Flowers.

$1. First premium, to Mrs. Win. Perkins, Peabody, for
Begonia.

$1. Gratuity, to T. C. Thurlow, W. Newbury, for Glad-
iolus.

$1. First premium, to T. C. Thurlow, W. Newbury, for
Hardy Phlox.

50c. Gratuity, to T. C. Thurlow, W. Newbury, for col-
lection.

50c. Gratuity, to P. M. Neal, Lynn, for Dahlias.

$1. First premium, to Mrs. S. P. Weston, Dan vers, for
Immortelles.

$1. First premium, to E. & C. Woodman, Danvers, for
Carnations.

$1. First premium, to E. & C. Woodman, Danvers, for
Geraniums.

$1. First premium, to E. & C. Woodman, Danvers, for
Nasturtiums.

75c. Gratuity, to Miss M. F. Putnam, Danvers, for Wild
Flowers.

$1. Gratuity, to Aaron Low, Essex, for Gladiolus.

SI. First premium, to Mrs. M. P. Nichols, Lynn, for
Mourning Bride.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Oscar Fellows, Peabody, for Pot
Plants.

75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. E. Fuller, Middleton, for Wild

Flowers.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. E. Fuller, Middleton, for Na-
tive Ferns.

$3. First premium, to Gr. W. Creesy, Salem, for Cut
Flowers.

•12. Second premium, to Mrs. J. M. Ward, Peabody, for
Cut Flowers.

Mrs. William S. Horner, Mrs. J. Henry Hill, Mrs.
David Warren, Eben True — Committee.

VEGETABLES.

The Committee on Vegetables have attends! to their
duty, and respectively report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :
$3. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for

Eclipse beets.
50 cts. Gratuity, to F. H. Appleton, Peabody, for Lima

beans.
$2. First premium, to B. P. Ware, Marblehead, for

nutmeg melons.
$2. Second premium, to B. Henry Wilson, Peabody, for

savoy cabbages.
$3. First premium to B. Henry Wilson, Peabody, for

Clark's No. 1 Potatoes.
$3. First premium, to Thomas C. Durkee, Peabody, for

marrow squashes.
$2. Second premium, to Thomas C. Durkee, Peabody?

for Brunswick cabbages.
$1. Gratuit}^, to Andrew Curtis, Peabody, for corn in

milk.
$1. Gratuity, to Andrew Curtis, Peabody, for collection

of squashes.
50 cts. Gratuity, to B. H. Taylor, Peabody, for Fottler's

cabbages.
$1. Third premium, to L. G. Moulton, Peabody, for

cranberries.
$3. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for

Essex Hybrid Squashes.
$3. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for

red cabbages.
$2. Gratuity, to David Warren, Swampscott, for Danvers

onions.
50 cts. Gratuity, to Batchelder Farm, West Wenham,

for Belle potatoes.
$1. Gratuity, to Batchelder Farm, West Wenham, for

Winslow potatoes.

$1. Gratuity, to Batchelder Farm, West Wenham, for

Carter's improved turnips.
$2. First premium, to A. F. Lee, Beverly, for short horn

carrots.
50 cts. Gratuity, to J. E. Herrick, West Peabody, for

Globe turnips.
$1. Gratuity, to Geo. Reynolds, Peabody, for herbs.
$1. Gratuity, to Geo. Reynolds, Peabody, for cabbages.
50 cts. Gratuity, to B. H. Taylor, Peabody, for Beauty

of Hebron potatoes.
$3. First premium, to B. H. Farnum, N. Andover, for

sweet German turnips.
$3. First premium, to A. P. Alley, Marblehead, for

Marblehead squashes.
$3. First premium, to A. P. Alley, Marblehead, for

Turban squashes.
$3. First premium, to A. P. Alley, Marblehead, for

Danvers onions.
$2. Second premium, to A. P. Alley, Marblehead, for

red cabbages.
50 cts. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Bay State

squashes.
$3. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for mangolds.
$3. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Long

Orange carrots.
#3. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Living-
ston's tomatoes.
$3. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Hebron

potatoes.
$1. Gratuity, to Wm. E. Sheen, W. Peabody, for col-
lection of potatoes.
$3. First premium, to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for

flat onions.
$1. Gratuity, to Richard Jaques, Newbuiy, for Short

Horn carrots.
$3. First premium, to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for

De wing's beets.

12. First premium, to E. C. Smith & Son, Rowley, for
celeiy.

$3. First premium, to Aaron Low, Essex, for Early
Sweet corn.

$1. Gratuity, to Aaron Low, Essex, for Bay State
squashes.

50 cts. Gratuity, to Aaron Low, Essex, for White Spine
cucumbers.

$3 First premium, to Aaron Low, Essex, for Essex Hy-
brid tomatoes.

•$3. First premium, to Aaron Low, Essex, for collection
tomatoes.

$1. Gratuity, to J. P. King, Peabody, for Danvers
onions.

$3. First premium, to H. A. Stiles, Middleton, for Strap
Leaf flat turnips.

50 cts. Gratuity, to J. O. Goodale, Peabody, for Crook-
neck squashes.

$3. First premium, to J. O. Goodale, Peabody, for Hub-
bard squashes.

|1. Gratuity, to J. O. Goodale, Peabody, for Victor
squashes.

50 cts. Gratuity, to J. O. Goodale, Peabody, for Purple
Top turnips.

$3. First premium, to J. O. Goodale, Peabody, for cauli-
flowers.

50 cts. Gratuity, to Issachar Foster, jr., Beverly, for
pumpkins.

$3. First premium, to Philip Bushby, Peabody, for Dan-
vers carrots.

50 cts. Gratuity, to Philip Bushby, Peabody, for pars-
nips.

50 cts. Gratuity, to Philip Bushby, Peabody, for Strap
Leaf Purple Top turnips.

$3. First premium, to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for
parsnips.

50 cts. Gratuity, to Rufus Goodwin, Haverhill, for Dan-
vers onions.

$1. Gratuity, to Rufus Goodwin, Haverhill, for Seedling

potatoes.
50 cts. Gratuity, to W. II. Cole, W. Boxford, for Early

Sweet corn.
$3. First premium, to W. II. Cole, W. Boxford, for cran-
berries.
50 cts. Gratuity, to W. H. Cole, W. Boxford, for cauli-
flowers.
$2. Second premium, to W. H. Greenleaf, Salisbury, for

cauliflowers.
$3. First premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for

Savoy cabbages.
$3. First premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for

Fottler's Brunswick cabbages.
$2. Second premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for

Stone Mason cabbages.
•13. First premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for Red

Globe onions.
$3. First premium, to E. & C. Woodman, Danvers, for

Livingston tomatoes.
$1. Gratuity, to Joel E. South wick, W. Peabody, for

Turban squashes.
50 cts. Gratuity, to Wm. Barrett, Peabody, for Marrow

squashes.
50 cts. Gratuity, to John J. Mason, Amesbury, for

White Egg turnips.
$2. First premium, to John J. Mason, Amesbury, for

water melons.
$3. First premium, to John J. Mason, Amesbury, for

Ruta Baga turnips.
$1. Gratuity, to Nathan Bushby, Peabody, for Lima

beans.
$2. Second premium, to W. H. Johnson, Essex, for

cranberries.
50 cts. Gratuity, to Berton Putnam, Danvers, for Pea-
mi ts.
50 cts Gratuity, to John Baker, Manchester, for Stone

Mason cabbages.

$3. First premium, to Chas. W. Mann, Methuen, for

Stone Mason cabbages.
$1. Gratuit3% to Chas. W. Mann, Methuen, for Methuen

Early Sweet corn.
$1. Gratuity, to Chas. W. Mann, Methuen, for Danvers

carrots.
50 cts. Gratuity, to F. Buckminister, Methuen, for

Queen of Valley potatoes.
50 cts. Gratuity, to Aaron Low, Essex, for Edmand's

beets.
$1. Gratuity, to Porter's Market, Salem, for horn of

plenty.
50 cts. Gratuity, to Amos S. Buxton, Peabody, for

Queen of Valley potatoes.
$8. First premium, to Jas. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead,

for collection of vegetables.
$6. First premium, to Chas. W. Mann, Methuen, for

collection of vegetables.
B. F. Huntington, John M. Danforth, B. P. Pike, John
Baker, Albert W. Howe — Committee.

B. F. Huntington, Chairman.

GRAIN AND SEED.

The Committee on Grain and Seed have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :
$1. First premium, to C. F. Webster, Haverhill, for

1 peck shelled corn.
$1. First premium, to Pickman Farm, Salem, for 1 peck

barley.
$1. First premium, to Pickman Farm, Salem, for 1 peck

rye.
$5. First premium, to B. H. Taylor, Peabody, for 25 ears

Field corn.
$3. Second premium, to J. W. Yearon, Georgetown, for

25 ears Field corn.

12. Third premium, to Frank With am, Middleton, for

25 ears Field corn.
|3. First premium, to B. II. Taylor, Peabody, for 25 ears

Pop corn.
$2. Second premium, to Wm. A. Walton, Ipswich, for 25

ears Pop Corn.
|8. First premium, to J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead, for

243 samples Field and Garden seed.
$5. Second premium, to Charles W. Mann, Methuen, for

Field and Garden seed.
A large variety of seeds was exhibited by Morrison &
Trask, of Peabody, which, not being grown in the county,
could not compete for premiums. N. W. Edson & Co.,
of Peabody, covered their attractive " booth," con-
taining samples of their goods, with trace corn, which
the committee are glad to notice, both for its excellence
and taste of arrangement.

Rufus Kimball, P. Albert True, W. H. Greenleaf—
( 'ommittee.

GRAIN AND SEED.

Much might be written of the antiquity of seeds and
grain, but where the seeds of some of our garden vege-
tables came from is likely to remain in doubt.

The potato, the most valuable and widely cultivated of
esculent tubers, is a native of the elevated tropical val-
leys of Mexico, Peru, and Chili. It was unknown in
New England until near the middle of the eighteen tli
century, although described by Gerard, in his Herbal/, in
1597, under the name of Batata Virginiana. It is allied
to several powerful narcotics, such as tobacco, henbane,
and belladonna, as well as to other esculents. In pro-
duction, it exceeds that of any other esculent, yielding,
according, to Humbolt, thirty times greater weight than
wheat, on an equal amount of ground.

There is positive evidence that the radish was grown
in the gardens of the Pharoahs, although it did not reach

England until about three hundred years ago, according
to the reckoning of the London Standard. The children
of Israel, when they loathed manna in the wilderness, re-
membered " the cucumbers, and the melons, and the leeks,
and the onions, and the garlick," which they did eat in
Egypt.

Most authorities agree that the many varieties of cab-
bage, cauliflower, turnip, etc., are natives of the temper-
ate and cold regions of Europe and Asia, and they are
believed to owe their parentage to the wild brassica of
the cliffs and seashore, although, after their long culti-
vation, it is difficult to trace any semblance to the orig-
inal.

The gourd is a native of Africa andiAsia, perhaps, also,
of America; and the squash, called edible gourd in Eng-
land, and cultivated upon both continents long before the
time of Columbus, probably had a hybrid origin.

The common spinach has been cultivated in this coun-
try for more than three hundred years. It was noticed
in Turner's "Herbal," published in 1568, as "an herb
lately found and not much in use." It is generally sup-
posed to be a native of Western Asia, but no positive
evidence of its origin can be had.

The tomato, now grown as an article of food in all
warm and temperate climates, is a native of tropical
America ; and the garden lettuce, believed to have been
introduced from Asia, is said to be traced from a wild
plant, but the statement has never been satisfactorily cor-
roborated.

The first mention of wheat occurs in the account of
Jacob's sojourn with Laban (Gen. 30 : 14). Egypt was
celebrated for wheat, and it was plentiful in Syria and
Palestine. Corn, as usually applied, is the generic name
for all seeds used in making bread, and especially thu
seeds of cerelid. The grains and leaves of Indian corn
(maize) have been found under the heads of Egyptian
mummies, and it is supposed to be mentioned by Homer,

The offering in Lev. 2:14, was of u green ears of corn
dried by the fire, even corn beaten out of full ears."

The writer has been interested, during the past sum-
mer, in watching the growth of several hills of corn in
the garden of Mr. John H. B. Orover, in Whiting street,
Lynn. The stalks were very similar to those of the com-
mon field corn, raised by Essex County farmers, with the
exception that a white stripe was shown in the centre of
each leaf or lance. But the principal peculiarity was in
the fact that no ear appeared, but the kernels grew upon
the (lower or tassel, forming a bunch on the top of each
stalk, which yielded half a pint or more of hard white
corn, about the size of pop-corn, and the kernels being of
the same shape as that variety. The seed from which
this corn grew was procured by a gentleman making a
tour in the East. While in Egypt, a mummy was ex-
humed, and a quantity of corn was found in the coffin.
The gentleman, finding that the corn was apparently in
good condition, thought that perhaps it might germinate,
and sent some of it to a friend in California, who, in turn
sent a few kernels to a farmer by the name of Cisson, in
New Jersey. Both the gentlemen who received the corn
planted it, and were surprised, that the kernels grew
where the tassel forms on our native* corn. It is believed
that the mummy from which this corn was taken had
been buried nearly four thousand years, and that it re-
tained the power to germinate is truly wonderful. The
corn raised this year, by Mr. Grover, was the second
year's product of the seed sent from Eg}Tpt. The mum-
my was found twenty feet below the surface, the depth
being accounted for, perhaps, by the drift of sand during
the centuries. The facts as here related, concerning the
finding of the seed and its history, were received directly
from Mr. Cisson, and it seems that there can be no doubt
of the correctness of the statements.

There is, undoubtedly, wheat now in the United States
which sprang from seed taken from mummies which had

been buried four thousand years, but it will be surprising
to many, to learn that ''there is corn hi Egypt" of such
an age which will sprout and prove as productive as our
native maize.

It is, undoubtedly, true that barley is more widely dis-
tributed than any other grain. Cultivated by the ancient
Hebrews, Greeks, and Romans, it was a most important
article of food in a remote antiquity. It is first mentioned
in Exodus 9 : 31, — " And the flax and the barle}r was
smitten, for the barley was in the ear, and the liax was
boiled." This grain is adapted to almost all climates, the
Himalaya barley producing good crops at the height of
14,000 feet above the level of the sea. It has been the
subject of song and humorous composition, and many a
swain has sung,

"Here's health to the Barley Mow."

Oats are the "corn" of Scotland, and probably a de-
velopment of the wild oat found in Europe, and now
growing wild, and spreading over large tracts of land in
California. It is a northern plant, though it does not
reach so far north as barley, and degenerates very rapidly
in hot southern summers. Its annual production in the
United States has been as high as 3,000,000 bushels.

Rye, the annual production of which in the United
States is estimated at 20,000,000 bushels, is grown in the
largest quantities in Pennsylvania, New York, and
Illinois. Less nutritious than wheat, it is nevertheless a
wholesome grain. Its greatest use is for distillation of
whiskey in the United States, gin in Holland, and quass
in Russia. Its straw is more valuable than that of any
other grain, and it thrives upon poor soil and in the high-
er latitudes of the temperate zone. It is mentioned in
Exodus as " rie."

Beans have been cultivated in Asia and Europe since
the earliest ages, and the many varieties used us fond for
men, cattle, and swine. In New England they have
proved a profitable crop on dry and moderately rich soil.

Many other seeds should perhaps he included in this
report, hut its length suggests the wisdom of bringing it
to a close.

Rufos Kimball, Chairman.

COUNTERPANES AND AFGHANS.

The Committee on Counterpanes and Afghans have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary that they have made the following awards :
$4,00. First premium, to Mrs. R. G. Nelson, Peabody,

for silk quilt.
2.00. Second premium, to Miss Alice Patterson, Pea-
body, for counterpane.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. E. Stone, Peabody, for silk

quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mary A. Brennan, Salem, for quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Jacob Osborn, Peabody, for
quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. B. Shepard, Salem, for quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. John Silk, Peabody, for quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. P. Dodge, Beverly, for quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. H. F. Marsh, Peabody, for quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. W. Mackintire, Peabody, for

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Win. Stimpson, Danvers, for

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Henry M. Ives, Salem, for quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. W. Merrill, Salem, for quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Annie Gower, Salem, for quilt.
1.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Emma French, Peabody, for two
quilts.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. R. Jacobs, Peabody, for quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. Gowing, Peabody, for quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. John Moulton, Peabody, for
quilt.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. L. Bodge, Peabody, for quilt,
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. H. Tigh, Peabody, for quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. I. E. Jackman, Peabody, for

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Mary A. Teague, Peabody, for

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. L. Oliver, South Peabody, for

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Cora M. Bushby, Dan vers, for

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Ernest A. Harrirnan, Peabody,

for quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss N. E. Fellows, Peabody, for quilt.
.50. Gratuit}^, to Mrs. Wm. Peck, Salem, for quilt.
.50. Gratuit}T, to Mrs. M. H. Stevens, Salem, for quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. F. E. Green, Peabody, for quilt.
2.00. First premium, to Mrs. C. S. Goldthwaite, Pea-
body, for afghan.
1.00. Second premium, to Mrs. D. B. Lord, Peabody, for

afghan.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Geo. H. Little, Peabody, for

afghan.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Susan P. Newhall, Peabody, for

afghan.

.50. Gratuity, to Miss Grace M. Cone, South Peabody,

for afghan.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Stephen Fernald, Peabody, for

afgban.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. L. M. Balcoinb, Peabody, for

afghan.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. L. N. Putnam, Danvers, for

afghan.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. S. Hodgkins, Peabody, for

afghan.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Jessie F. Barrett, Peabody, for

afghans.
Mrs. O. L. Carleton, Chairman, Mrs. J. P. King, Mrs.

Charles O. Brooks, Mrs. Alonzo Raddin, Mrs. Edward W.
Jacobs — Committee.

CARPETS AND RUGS.

The Committee on Carpets and Rugs have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards:
Diploma, to George Foan, Peabody, for 27 wool mats.
83.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. Fairbanks, Salem, for

rugs.
2.00. Second premium, to F. A. Perkins, Peabody, for rug.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. D. Folsom, Peabody, for rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. John Goldthwaite, Lynn, for rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss I. L. Roberts, Salem, for rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. W. Sleeper, Salem, for rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. H. C. Torr, Peabody, for rug.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. John Torr, Peabody, for rug.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Samuel Trask, Peabody, for rug.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Ira Foster, Peabody, for rug.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Samuel Ferguson, Peabody, for
rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Jane L. Stevens, Peabody, for rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Frank Witham, Middleton, for rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to D. B. Lord, Peabody, for rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Henrietta Pushee, Beverly, for rug.
1.00. Gratuity, for rug.

2.00. Gratuity, to B. F. Calley, East Saugus, for rug.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Abbie Wallace, Salem, for rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. L. P. Burbank, Salem, for rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Robert Hamilton, Salem, for rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. T. Stoddard, Peabody, for rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. H. A. Begg, Peabody, for rug.

.50. Gratuity to Mrs. Geo. E. Dodge, Peabody, for rug.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Annie Gower, Salem, for rug.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Wm. Pack, Salem, for rug.
Naucie T. Morrison, Sarah P. Cogswell, Mrs. N. E. Ladd,
Andrew Nichols — Committee.

ARTICLES MANUFACTURED FROM LEATHER.

The Committee on Articles Manufactured from Leather

have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the

Secretary that they have made the following awards :

$5.00. First premium, to Charles McTurner, Danvers, for
team harness.

5.00. First premium, to H. H. Pillsbury, Danvers, for car-
riage harness.

5.00. First premium, to EL H. Pillsbury, Danvers, for ex-
press harness.

3.00. Gratuity, to Herbert Gardner, Peabody, for double
harness.

2.00. Gratuity, to Herbert Gardner, Peabody, for express
harness.

3.00. Gratuity, to Charles P. Spencer, Salem, for exhibit.

2.00. Gratuity, to J. W. Dane & Co., Salem, for carriage
harness.

2.00. First premium, to G. H.'Flint, Danvers, for youth's
shoes.
G. W. Clapp, E. C. Foster, W. H. Foster, Samuel Trask

— Committee.

MANUFACTURES AND GENERAL MERCHANDISE.

The Committee on Manufactures and General Merchan-
dise have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to
the Secretary that they have made the following awards :
Diploma, to Charles F. Curvviu, Salem, for water motor.
Diploma, to Alfred Taylor, Peabody, for soap.
Diploma, to J. H. Smith, Peabody, for horse shoes.
Diploma, to Peabody Reporter, Peabody, for printed cards.
Diploma, to Standard Thermometer Co., Peabody, for Stan-
dard thermometers.
Diploma, to J. R. Fogg, Amesbury, for weather and door

strips.
Diploma, to G. H. Little, Peabody, for articles of brass
manufacture.

Diploma, to Willey & Poor, Peabody, for kip and split

leather.
Diploma, to L. B. Southwood & Co., Peabody, for finished

sheep skins.
Diploma, to P. Osborn, jr. & Co., Peabody, for kip and split

leather.
50 cts. Gratuity, to B. P. ^Galley, East Saugus, for pop

corn sheller.
-11.00. Gratuity, to G. L. Richardson, So. Peabody, for hen

fountain.
50 cts. Gratuity, to Francis A. Lane, Peabody, for balls,

and wooden chain.
50 cts. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. K. Blackingston, Rowley, for

two pairs knit mittens.
William Hilton, Chairman, Dean A. Perley, Osman Bab-
son — Committee.

FANCY WORK AND WORKS OF ART.

The Committee on Fancy Work and Works of Art have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that they have made the following awards :

.50. Gratuity, to Nellie E. Skinner, Salem, for painting.
$1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. W. F. Chappie, Salem, for clayoid

work.
1.50. Gratuity, to Nellie A. Magoon, Danvers, for cattle

piece.
1.00. Gratuity, to Alice M. Bushby, Peabody, for three
oil paintings.
.75. Gratuity, to Henry H. Buxton, Peabody, for crayon

pictures.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Chas. O. Stone, Peabody, for oil

painting.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Mary D. Bomer, Peabody, for knit

edging.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. C. Roberts, Salem, for night
dress.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. D. P. Grosvenor, Peabody, for bas-
ket hood shirts.
1.50. Gratuity, to Lillie M. Little, Newburyport, for bureau

scarf.
1.50. Gratuity, to Anna R. Thacher, Peabody, for crayons.
1.00. Gratuity, to Percy Grosvenor, Peabody, for oil paint-
ings.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. R. G. Nelson, Peabody, for sofa
pillow.

.50. Gratuity, to Alice Nelson, Peabody, for sea moss
pictures.

.50. Gratuity, to Ora Dow, Danvers, for piano cover.

.75. Gratuity, to Henry H. Buxton, Peabody, for wood
carving.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. C. Teague, Peabody, for banner.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. A. Warner, Peabody, for banner.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. W. Jacobs, Peabody, for paint-
ings.

.50. Gratuity, to Mr. C. A. Sanger, Peabody, for laundry
work.

.50. Gratuity, to Alice H: Berry, Peabody, for painting
golden-rod.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Howard Bott, Peabody, for toilet
set.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Lucretia Hildreth, Salem, for
netted tidy.
1.25. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. P. Newhall, Lynn, for tray and

corn cloths.
1.00. Gratuity, to Nellie M. Morrill, Peabody, for scarf,
banner and pottery.

.50. Gratuity, to William Cheever, Danvers, for pillow
cases.

.50. Gratuity, to Mary A. Forness, Peabody, for bureau
scarf.

.50. Gratuity, to Nellie O'Brien, Peabody, for tidy.

.50.. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. R. Osborn, Peabody, for shoulder
cape.

.50. Gratuity, to Mary Walton, Peabody, for Mexican
work.

.50. Gratuity, to Alice Stoyle, Peabody, for four draw-
ings.

.50. Gratuity, to Mr. S. Lord, Peabody, for bureau scarf.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. D. P. Grosvenor, Peabody, for
hand bag.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. L. Robson, Salem, for oil paint-
ing.
1.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. W. H. Hall, Peabody, for oil paint-
ing.
1.00. Gratuity, to Lizzie Hall, Peabody, for Mexican work.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. W. Simonds, Lynn, for Swedish
tidy.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Ruth Clavridge, Peabody, for stock-
ings.

.50. Gratuity, to Hattie Buxton, Peabody, for painting in
oil.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Edward Paige, Peabody, for placque-

.50. Gratuity, to Mary Lynch, Peabody, for sofa pillow.

.50. Gratuity, to Mary Lynch, Peabody, for table cover.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. VV. C. Reade, Beverly, for oil
painting.
1.00. Gratuity, to James F. Callahan, Peabody, for fancy
table.

.50. Gratuity, to May Herrick, West Peabody, for hand-
kerchief.
1.50. Gratuity, to Carrie Lummus, Peabody, for set of

table mats.
1.25. Gratuity, to Miss M. O. Barrett, Peabody, for pen
sketching.

.50. Gratuity, to S. B. Mansfield, Peabody, for placque.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. H. Tibbetts, Peabody, for worked
suspenders.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Henry Wilkinson, Peabody, for
Mexican work.

.50. Gratuity, to Vienna A. Batchelder, Peabody, for
knitted lace.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. James P. King, Peabod , for car-
riage blanket.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. H. H. Campbell, Peabody, for cy-
press vase and lamp.

.50. Gratuity, to Miss A. Moulton, West Peabody, for
crochet trimming.
1.50. Gratuity, to Clara B. Crossman, Swampscott, for
paintings and easel.

.50. Gratuity, to Fred Tigli, Danversport, for carved
clock case.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Alice Stanwood, Salem, for paper
flowers.
2.00. Gratuity, to N. W. Starbird, Dan vers, for photo-
graphs.

.50. Gratuity, to Miss A. C. Symonds, Salem, for table
top.

.50. Gratuity, to Miss A. C. Symonds, Salem, for oil
painting.
1.00. Gratuity, to Annie Symonds, Peabody, for oil paint-
ings.

.50. Gratuity, to Annie Tibbetts, Peabody, for table scarf.

.50. Gratuity, to Abbie Symonds, Peabody, for foot rest.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. B. Palmer, Peabody, for vase.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. B. Palmer, Peabody, for rose jar.

.50. Gratuity, to Jennie Verry, Salem, for oil painting.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. E. Stone, Peabody, for tidy.

.50. Gratuity, to Mary A. Tigh, Peabody, for table top.

.50. Gratuity, to Lizzie Baxter, Beverly, for set of tidies.

.50. Gratuity, to Malinda Webster, Peabody, for pillow
cases.
Mrs. Wra. A. Gorton, Mrs. D. P. Grosvenor, Mrs. Charles
Perley — Committee.

With few exceptions the works exhibited were consid-
ered by the committee as worthy of notice, but as the
amount placed at their disposal was limited to -$50, gra-

tuities could not be awarded upon every article. Several
articles exhibited came too late to be entered for competi-
tion, some of which were among the most meritorious of
the exhibits. Of these may be especially mentioned two
oil paintings, a figure and a fruit piece, by Miss Susie
Poor, and several paintings by Mrs. Riddle, one of which,
a study of chrysanthemums, was especially fine.

The " New Complete Tailor System," exhibited by the
agent, Mr. J. H. Taylor, seemed very well adapted to the
use of those who do their own dress-making, as it is sim-
ple, accurate and inexpensive. The committee feel that
some explanation of their delay in the announcement of
awards is proper, and desire to say, that had they been
supplied with sufficient cards upon the first day of the
fair,* the announcements would have been made in due
season.

For the committee,

M. E. GORTON.

*The Premium Cards were duly provided and were in charge of
Superintendent of Hall at opening of fair. D. W. Low, Secretary.

WORK OF CHILDREN UNDER TWELVE YEARS

OF AGE.

The Committee on Work of Children under Twelve
Years of Age have attended to their duty, and respectfully
report to the Secretary that they have made the following
awards :

$3.00. First premium, to Miss Lizzie Goldthwait, Peabody,
for afghan.

2.00. Second premium, to Marian Appleton, Peabody, for
water colors.

1.00. Gratuity, to Jenny F. Nichols, Peabody, for patch
work quilt.

1.00. Gratuity, to Willie E. Gilson, Peabody, for oil paint-
in jr.

.50. Gratuity, to N. Elva Fellows, Peabody, for scarf.
1.00. Gratuity, to Daniel Lord, Peabody, for bag.
1.00. Gratuity, to Emily N. Longfellow, Groveland, for

tidy.
1.00. Gratuity, to Gertrude E. Wilkins, Middleton, for
variety of fancy and plain work.
.50. Gratuity, to Clara M. Trask, Peabody, for plain sew-
ing.
.50. Gratuity, to C. Lena Wilkins, Middleton, for patch-
work.
.50. Gratuity, to Hattie F. Pushee, Beverly, for tidy.
.50. Gratuity, to Annie W. Lovett, Beverly, for tidy.
.50. Gratuity, to Sadie Estes, Peabody, for gypsy kettle.
.50. Gratuity, to Gertie W. Carleton, Rowley, for tidy.
The number of entries was twenty-one, by fourteen dif-
ferent children. After awarding the first and second pre-
miums, the committee 'thought it proper to award a small
gratuity to each of the other contributors, as an encourage-
ment to them to persevere in industry.

Mrs. N. W. Starbird, Chairman, Mrs. Mary E. Fuller,
Mrs. Amanda F. Low — Committee.

IMPROVING WET MEADOW AND SWAMP
LANDS.

To the Trustees of the Essex Agricultural Society : —

The committee on the improvement of wet meadow and
swamp lands have attended to their duty and submit the
following report : —

There was but one entry made to your committee, that
of Mr. Luther P. Tidd, of Georgetown. Mr. Tidd has
complied with the rules of the society, his experiment in-
cluding two years' time, and the accompanying statement
will show the result, and the cost of producing it, and
from what your committee saw at their two visits to the
meadow, we should think the statement of Mr. Tidd was

entirely reliable and strictly true, and your committee
would recommend that the premium of fifteen dollars
($15) be awarded to Mr. Luther P. Tidd of Georgetown.

Signed. O. S. Butler,

Geo. S. Perry,
Charles Hazeltine.
Committee.

STATEMENT OF LUTHER P. TIDD.

The piece of land that I have entered for premium con-
tains one acre and one hundred and fifty-three and one-
half rods. It was soft bog meadow and produced a crop
that was worth little or nothing more than the cost of
making. It was worth not over six dollars an acre. From
a bank a few rods from the meadow, was carted two thou-
sand loads, composed of sand, gravel and loam. Ten
cords of common stable manure were spread on the lot,
and harrowed in. The 15th of July, 1885, it was sown
with grass seed, and harrowed in with a brush harrow
and roller.

Last year, 1886, from the above described lot, was cut,
by the estimate of good judges, seven tons of hay, besides
one ton rowen or second crop. The year 1887, was cut,
by estimate, three and one-half tons of hay, and one ton
rowen.

EXPENSES.

Carting two thousand loads gravel, $180 00

Ten cords manure, at $7 per cord, 70 00

Grass seed, 5 00
Sowing, harrowing, and rolling in the grass seed, 5 00

Value of the land previous to reclaiming, 12 00

Cost of cutting and curing the hay of 1886, 24 00

Cost of cutting and curing the hay of 1887, 13 50

$309 50

Present value of the land, $200 00

Crop of 1886, seven tons first crop, 126 00

One ton rowen or second crop, 12 00

Crop of 1887, three and one-half tons first crop, 63 00

One ton rowen, 12 00

Total, $413 00

Deduct expense, 309 50

Balance, "$103 50

Luther P. Tidd, Georgetown, Mass.
Oct. 1, 1887.

Note. — Production and previous value of Land, per acre, $210 72
Expenses and present value of land, per acre, 157 92

Profit per acre, $52 80

IMPROVING PASTURE AND WASTE LANDS.

The Committee on Improving Pasture and Waste
Lands have had but one application for premium. This
was by Charles W. Mann, of Methuen, for improving
" Waste Land."

The notice to the Committee came July 1, when it was
the most busy time with farmers, making it impracticable
to inspect the land with crops, at that time. The chair-
man notified the committee to meet at Mr. Mann's, Aug.
26th. But one besides the chairman, was present.

Mr. Mann's statement annexed, explains the condition
of the land previous to his work on it. It was the same
as a great deal of pasture in Essex County, with the added
advantage of being naturally of strong, moist soil, with a
hard subsoil, thus retaining all that is put on to it. Be-
ing a moist hill it can be relied upon to carry through, in
adverse seasons of wet or dry, the crops put upon it.
Thus it will be seen that it is desirable land to improve,
and once reclaimed, becomes valuable to the farmer.

There are many such lands in Essex County, that might
he profitably reclaimed, and your committee regret the
evident lack of enterprise on the part of farmers in this
direction, from the fact that so few applications are made
for premiums, under this head.

Mr. Mann, with his characteristic energy and prudence,
started with the determination to make it pay. While
his statement of expense and returns thus far, is not as
definite as might be desired, he is confident that it has
been a profitable venture. He has had the advantage
over many farmers, in an available market for the stones
taken from the land. Mr. Mann has in mind still more
thorough working of this land. Your committee felt
that while great improvement had been made, the con-
dition of the land was not up to the standard demanded
by the society, for its first premium, but would recommend
the second premium of $10.

Wm. B. Caeleton, Chairman.

To the Committee on Improving Waste Lands :

The field which I enter for premium for "improving
waste lands " is about ten acres in extent, on the wester-
ly side of a high hill, and was all in pasture when I be-
gan to work on it three years ago, and about six acres of
it was as rough and rocky as most any land in our county,
and a part of it covered with a vigorous growth of alders ;
altogether it might have kept one cow alive through the
summer.

I have cleared off all the alders and other trees, and
cleaned out the stone to the amount of over one thousand
perch, or two thousand tons, and teamed them to market
in Methueii and Lawrence, distant two and three miles.
The stone sold have just about paid for the work of re-
claiming, and the crops this year have been two one-horse
loads of oat fodder, eleven loads of Hungarian, seven
loads of good hay, at least five bushels of beans, and now

there are ten thousand cabbage still growing (Oct. 10),
or partly sold, all of which goes to show that it is still
practicable, and also profitable, to take hold of the rough
parts of our Essex County farms, if near market, and a
man has grit enough to try it, and beside the more prac-
tical view of the achievement comes the pleasure of sub-
duing the " wilderness " and making it bring forth its
hidden beauties and possibilities.

It would be almost, or quite, impossible for me to give
a detailed account of expenses and receipts with this
field, as it is only a part of the work I undertook, but
the stone were sold for from 80 cents to $1.50 per perch
(25 cubic feet), and have paid for the clearing of the
land, or very nearly so, leaving the crops produced to pay
for work of cultivation and fertilizers as with older fields.

Chas. W. Mann,

UNDERDRAWING LAND.

The Committee on Underdrawing of Lands would
make the following report :

We are sorry to state that there has been but one entry,
that made by Charles W. Mann, of Methuen. The past
summer has been an uncommonly good one to test the
efficiency of underdrains, as very heavy and continuous
rains have prevailed to an unusual extent.

At the time of our visit, August 26, after one of those
rains, we found the drains working well. The land
underdrained was naturally cold and wet, with a fall of
about four feet to a brook on its easterly side. We found
it dry and solid or firm, while upon the other side of the
brook where not drained, it was quite wet and miry. Wo
think he has well earned the first premium of $15, and
would award it to him. We saw a good crop of onions
upon it.

Andrew Nichols, James Noyes, Frank P. Todd — Com-
mittee.

STATEMENT OF CHABLES W. MANN",
To the Committee on Under draining' :

The piece of land I enter for premium contains one
acre, and has never grown a crop worth fifty dollars, pre-
vious to this season, on account of its wet and soggy con-
dition. The soil is a heavy black loam, about afoot deep,
with a foot to two feet of hard clayey subsoil underlying
it, and beneath the latter a sharp gravel or coarse sand.
Along one side of the piece runs an open brook which
has been lowered to the depth of three and one-half feet ;
on the opposite side from the brook a ditch was dug the
whole length of the piece, and across the lower end to
connect with the brook, and ten cross drains were also
put in at about forty feet apart, and at a depth of three
feet, running from the long drain to the brook. The
drains were laid with hard pine boards well filled with
oil, taken from the floors of the old Washington Mills in
Lawrence, laid so as to make an open channel, perhaps
six by ten inches, then covered with small stones^ and the
soil returned. The drains were dug deep enough to go
below the clay into the sand or gravel, and would have
been useless if only two feet deep, instead of three feet,
but two or three hours after one of the heaviest showers
this season, would find no water standing on the surface,
while every drain was doing good work.
The cost of draining was,

Eighty-two days' work, at |1.25, $103 00

Boards. 10 00

$113 00

This year's crop was 300 bushels of good onions, worth
at least $250, and the ground is now in condition for fine
crops in years to come. It would be hard for the com-
mittee, or any stranger, to fully realize the change in this
piece of ground from the wet meadow that at times was
too soft for a team to cross it, to the mellow garden it
now is.

GRAIN CROPS.

The Committee on Grain Crops regret to report but
one entry for the society's premiums, that of R. Frank
Dodge, of Wenham, on his crop of Indian corn, and we
award to him the first premium $10.

Mr. Dodge's crop was viewed September 12, and the
committee were pleased to see so fine a field of corn, and
such evidences of clean and careful culture. Scarce a
Weed was seen ; not a missing hill was noticed. ' The crop
was remarkably even, with few barren, and no overgrown,
unripe stalks seen.

We emphasize the regret first expressed, for we feel
that far too little attention is given to the grain crops of
old Essex, and trust that more attention will be given
them in the future.

Respectfully submitted,

William Little, Aaron Low, Charles J. Peabody — Com-
mittee.

STATEMENT CONCERNING A CROP OF INDIAN CORN,

RAISED BY ROBERT FRANK DODGE, IN THE TOWN

OF WENHAM, MASS., 188?.

Gentlemen :

The land upon which my corn was raised had been in
grass for several years. The crop of 1885 was English
hay, about 1500 pounds per acre. No manure was used.
The hay of 1886 amounted to about 1200 pounds, with
no manure. The soil is dark loam, and is seldom affected
by drought. Plowing was done May 11, six inches deep.
Barn manure was spread after plowing, twenty-five loads
of thirty bushels each, and harrowed in. Value of man-
ure $2 per load. Cost of plowing and harrowing, $8.
Used 500 pounds of fertilizer in the hills, at a cost of
$10. Planted the field May 14, by hand, using one peck
•of eight-rowed yellow corn, with hills three and one-half
feet apart. Cost of planting, $4. Cultivated twice each

way, and hoed by hand twice. Cost of both, $5. Corn
was cut and stooked Sept. 21. Of the twenty-six rows
contained in the acre, eighteen have been husked and
found to yield 140 bushels of ears of corn. Allowing
the remainder of the field the same average, it gives me
202J bushels, nearly, of corn in the ear, and at least three
tons of well-cured fodder.

I have shelled some of the corn, and from seventy
pounds of corn in the ear obtained fifty-six pounds of
shelled corn. This gives a little more than 101 bushels
of shelled corn from the acre.

cost or CROP.

Barn manure,

Fertilizer,

Plowing and harrowing,

Seed and planting,

Cultivating and hoeing,

Harvesting,

$89 00
Allowing half value of manure to remain in ground, 80 00

$50

Total cost per acre, $59 00

Robert Frank Dodge, Wenham, Mass.

I hereby certify that I have measured one acre of land,
planted to corn, for Robert Frank Dodge, of Wenham, to
be entered for premium with Essex Agricultural Society.

R. E. Dodge, Wenham.

Oct. 22, 1887.

This is to certify that I have weighed and measured
the 140 bushels of corn already husked, raised by Robert
Frank Dodge, of Wenham, and entered for premium.

Francis S. Lovett, Jr.

Oct. 1887.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON ROOT CROPS.

The Committee chosen to examine the Root Crops
entered for premiums of Essex Agricultural Society, have
attended to that duty, and respectfully submit the follow-
ing, for 1887 :
$10. First premium, to Robert Frank Dodge, Wenham,

for potato crop.
$10. First premium, to John H. George, Methuen, for

onion crop.
$10. First premium, to Charles W. Mann, Methuen, for

cabbage crop.
$10. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for

squash crop.
$10. First premium, to James P. King, Peabody, for

Ruta Baga turnip crop.

Nathaniel T. Kimball, for Committee.

There have been in all eleven entries, from eight dif-
ferent competitors :

Robert Frank Dodge, Wenham, two lots potatoes.
John H. George, Methuen, onions. Charles W. Mann,
Methuen, onions and cabbages. W. Smith & Co. Methu-
en, turnips and squashes. Rufus Goodwin, Ayers Village,
Haverhill, for potatoes. J. E. Page, Superintendent of
Pickman Farm, Salem, cabbages. David Warren, Swamp-
scott, squashes. James P. King, Peabody, turnips.

Your committee were wisely selected from different
sections of the county, and by an agreement among them-
selves those in the different parts were specially called
upon to examine the crops near them. It is sometimes
very difficult to secure the presence of a committee of
six at any and all points of our county, so this arrange-
ment was made.

One member of our committee we have not had the
pleasure of seeing at any meeting, though he has been
notified several times, of time and place to meet. There-

fore, let it be added just here, that if any member of a
committee elected is not inclined to serve, it would be, in
our judgment, a kindness to notify the secretary of the
society, so that the committee may be apprised of the
fact, and govern themselves in view of it. Two or more
of your committee, however, have, in every instance,
personally seen the crops entered for society premiums.

It would be a favor if every party who designs to en-
ter any crop, would notify, as early as possible in the sea-
son, of this fact ; and name the date, as near as possible,
when he would like to have the committee see the crop.

All of those who have been upon this committee, and
have taken part in its work this year, agree with those
who have served upon it in other years, that, though con-
siderable time and expense are involved, they have been
well paid. The compensation comes from personal con-
tact with some of the most enterprising of our farmers
and our best men; from the opportunity of a closer in-
spection of their varied work than we could otherwise
have ; and from the uniformly social and cordial reception
given.

Mr. Robert Frank Dodge, of Wenham, entered two lots
of potatoes, Early Rose, and Clark's No. 1. But when he
was visited by the committee a blight seemed to show
itself upon the Early Rose, and he withdrew this lot
from competition and no return was made from it.

The other lot promised more, and though the potatoes
were not the largest in size, the}*" averaged well, and were
very smooth, and seemed to show no indication of rot.
This crop was raised upon land planted last year with
corn. Mr. Dodge does not omit the prerequisite to large
crops, — proper care and plenty of fertilizers.

From Wenham we went to the Pickman Farm, Salem,
and visited Mr. J. E. Page, superintendent, who entered
a half acre of cabbages. It was about one o'clock p. m.
when we arrived. Though a little late for a farm house
dinner, we regaled ourselves upon the grass under the

beautiful, wide-spreading shade trees in the yard, looking
at a magnificent field of cabbage for but few moments,
when we were invited to partake of a very bountiful and
complete dinner. We had further proof that some of the
ladies of Essex county understand the art of cookery,
even if the men do not fully know all there is to under-
stand about farming. After dinner was served, we went
with Mr. Page to look more carefully at the cabbage yard.
The half acre which he had selected and entered, was
very promising. There were but very few vacant spaces
and but rarely a plant which showed the least sign of
defect. We regret exceedingly that the return statement
was not sent in so that the committee could pass upon it
at the meeting of the trustees, Nov. 15, when Dr. Loring,
proprietor of the Pickman Farm, moved to withdraw the
crop. The statement was only taken from the post office
when the chairman of your committee returned from that
meeting. Mr. Page showed us a fine barn full of hay, and
one of the stoutest crops of ensilage corn you often see,
and the farming utensils all in order. We shall not soon
forget our visit at Dr. Loring's place and the very kind peo-
ple we found there.

A week or so later we had the pleasure of visiting the
other end of the county.

At Methuen we found the place of W. Smith & Co. They
entered a crop of Marrow squashes and a crop of turnips.
There appeared to be a fair crop of squashes with what had
already been taken off for market. Turnips looked fairly
well, but there seemed to be quite a good many bare spots
which might materially affect the harvest. The statements
upon both of these crops hardly brought them up to stand-
ard of a premium, though the returns were quite good. Had
they been worthy of premium, the statements did not con-
form at all with the requirements of Society offering pre-
mium. See page 227, Transactions of Essex Agricultural
Society for 1886.

We next visited Mr. Chas. W. Mann, one of the very

thrifty young fanners of our north end of the county who is
doing very successful and meritorious work in seed grow*
ing. He showed us some low and very wet ground which
he has but recently brought into a productive state by run-
ning through its centre a main and open drain and covered
drains at right angles with this and emptying into it.
Upon this and adjoining higher land he raises his onions
and seed. Mr. Mann's onions would ordinarily have come
up to standard of premium. They looked like an onion of
fine quality and enough in number for the space of ground
upon which they were grown. But the average onion
looked to us (they were raked out when we saw them)
rather under size, caused by what Mr. Mann called a
" blight stopping the growth when little more than half
grown." This seems to be no fault of Mr. Mann's methods
or any lack of his efforts to secure the best of results.

His cabbage lot upon the top of one of the highest hills
of Methuen was well worth our going to see, though we
had a hard climb to get to it. This land was once only
used for pasturage, and was covered with stones, which, with
great perseverance and labor, have been dug out and removed
by Mr. Mann, and with a moderate amount of fertilizer this
land has produced cabbages which received First Premium
at the fair in Peabody, and to which crop we also recom-
mend an award.

We next visited Mr. John H. George, a near neighbor of
Mr. Mann. Here we were invited to dine. We should be
obliged to award to Mrs. George, as to Mrs. Page, in Salem,
first premium for a sumptuous and well-served dinner. The
ladies of Essex county know how to prepare and spread the
table with the fruits of the soil.

Mr. George's onions were ripened and fit to rake out a
full week before they were seen by us, about Sept. 1. They
were upon a piece of land reclaimed from meadow with
peat bottom. A ditch simply being cut round his entire
lot with no under drain whatever. The soil is very deep.
We saw a rake handle thrust down to the head and the

bottom of the soil not reached. A moderate amount of
dressing is used, good seed of Mr. Mann's production
planted. Hardly a space of six inches in any of the rows
where you could not tind a fine silver skin. They were
very uniform in size and but few very small stock could be
seen.

Let it be borne in mind here that some of the most un-
promising spots to which we attach little or no importance
whatever, have in them the elements of the greatest produc-
tiveness and permanent value. And it should be the aim
of every farmer to do something to reclaim these waste
places.

In the afternoon we found ourselves in Ayers Village,
Haverhill, and made a call upon Mr. Rufus Goodwin. This
gentleman has a small farm, but makes every inch of it
count, the same spot yielding two and even three crops per
year. Even the stone wall was covered with cultivated
grapes of different variety, and loaded with the luscious
fruit.

The special object of our visit was to see his crop No. 3,
Goodwin's seedling potato entered for premium.

He had dug most of the crop. Enough, however, were
left to show us a sample of the vine and the appearance of
the potato when just dug. Vine small, potato near top of
ground, smooth and not showing much sign of rot. We
saw a pile of them in the cellar, some of which showed more
marks of decay. This crop was raised from the small
potatoes of the previous year and so on back. Mr. Good-
win has made great effort to bring forward a seedling
which shall be a standard potato. His efforts are very
commendable, and we are not sure but he has one which
will prove to be such. This year, from some cause unknown
to us, his crop seems to be undersize as a whole, more than
one-third being under No. 1, while those of this grade were
only average in size, and while wc might look favorably
upon this as a new specimen of the potato, we could not
award premiums upon such ground, but only upon the con-
sideration of the crop itself.

Mr. David Warren, of Swampscott, was called upon next
in order by your committee. He planted the Essex Hybrid
squash seed, three or four seeds in the hill upon land
planted in 1885 with cabbage, and in 1886 with potatoes.

No extravagant amount of dressing per acre was used.
Eight cords stable manure to acre. The crop was highly
satisfactory, and this was entered for premium.

It is to be regretted by some of the committee as in other
cases that they could not have the pleasure of seeing the
crop for themselves.

Mr. James P. King, the last on the list of competitors,
called the committee to see a crop of turnips which was
raised by him on one of the high points of land in Peabody.
The crop was produced upon ground which never felt the
point of a plough until the year 1886. It had been an old
stony pasture, and was cleared up and planted last year for
the first time. Corn being the crop, Commercial Fertilizer
only being used as dressing. The crop of turnips this year
upon the same ground moderately dressed with compost,
was a very handsome one.

The plants were from planted seed equidistant from each
other, and with rarely a bare spot in any of the rows.
There was nearly an acre and one-third in the entire piece,
and scarcely a place which might not have been taken for
a sample spot.

Your committee pronounce this one of the finest and
smoothest lots of Ruta Bagas seen for many seasons.

This and the onion crop of Mr. George, of Methuen, have
shown to your committee that some of the best conducted
experiments in our root crops have been made upon lands
(both high and low) which have been long unused. There
are many such acres in Essex county which are themselves
a mine of wealth ; but will yield it only to thought and
persistent effort.

STATEMENT OP ROBERT FRANK DODGE, OF WENHAM, ON
POTATO CROP.

Gentlemen :

The crop of 1885 was grass ; 1500 pounds to the acre,
with no manure. Crop of 1886, an excellent yield of corn,
planted with twenty loads, of thirty bushels each, of barn
manure, and 400 pounds fertilizer. Soil is a dark, gravelly
loam, with slight mixture of clay.

Ground was ploughed April 28, about six inches deep, at
a cost of $4. Spread twenty-five loads, of thirty bushels
each, of barn manure, and 500 pounds of fertilizer, and
harrowed it in. Value of barn manure, $2 per load ; fer-
tilizer, $12 per 500 pounds. Cost of harrowing and fur-
rowing, $2. Planted in drills three and one-half feet
apart, with seed one foot apart in the drill. Used 500
pounds of fertilizer in drill. Cost, $12. Planted eight
bushels of Clark's No. 1 potatoes, covering with horse.
Cost of seed and planting, $12. Brushed once ; cultivated
and hoed twice ; cost, $6. Turned potatoes out by plough.
Cost of digging, five cents per bushel.

Gathered upon the one-half acre entered for premium,
170| bushels, giving 341 bushels of potatoes per acre.
Cost of crop per acre :

Ploughing, $4 00

Harrowing and furrowing, 2 00

Barn manure, 50 00

One-half ton fertilizer, 24 00

Seed and planting, 12 00

Cultivating and hoeing, 6 00

Harvesting, 17 00

$115 00
For one-half acre, 157.50.
Value of one-half acre, at $1 per bushel, $170.50.

Note — Product per acre, 341 bushels of potatoes, $341 00
Cost of crop, per acre, 115 00

Profit per acre, exclusive of land rent and interest, $226 00

This is to certify that I have measured the potatoes raised
by Robert Frank Dodge, of Wenham, and entered by him,
for premium, and that his statement is correct.

Francis S. Lovett, Jr.

Oct. 1887.

I hereby certify that 1 measured one-half acre of land,
planted to potatoes, for Robert Frank Dodge, of Wenham,
to be entered for premium with Essex County Agricultural
Society.

John P. M. Green.

Oct. 1887.

STATEMENT OF JOHN H. GEORGE, METHUEN, ON ONION CROPS.

The half acre of onions, which I enter for the Society's
premium, is in two pieces of one-quarter acre each, treated
in an entirely different manner, so it will be proper for me
to treat them separately in this report. For convenience, I
will call them Lots No. 1 and 2.

Lot No. 1 had onions on it last year. In 1885, it had
potatoes. For manure, it had, last year, eight cords com-
post, similar to that used this year, to the acre. The soil
of both pieces is reclaimed meadow land.

This year it had at the rate of eight cords compost, made
of stable manure, night soil, road dust, and coal ashes, to
the acre. The compost, two cords, was put on last fall,
with a Kemp manure spreader, and cultivated in. In the
spring, the piece was harrowed with an 0. K. harrow,
brushed with a brush harrow, drugged, and sown with five
pounds yellow Danvcrs seed per acre (except one-quarter
pound which was early red globe). This piece was hoed
five times ; weeded three times ; when ripe, cut up with a
circular hoe, raked out with a wooden toothed lawn rake,
topped and stored. The yield was 236 bushels, measured.

Cost of crop : Dr.

To two cords compost on land, at $4, $8 00

" preparing soil, one man and one horse, 1-4 day, 1 50

" seed and sowing, 5 00

" hoeing five times, one and one-half da}rs' work, 3 00

" weeding three times, six days' work for boy, at 75c.,4 50

" harvesting and topping, at 5c. per bushel, 11 80

" interest and taxes on land, 4 00

$37 80
Lot No. 2 was planted in 1885 and 1886, with potatoes.
In 1886 was treated with four cords manure and 500 pounds
phosphate on the one-quarter acre. This year it had 500
pounds steamed bone, and twelve bushels Canada ashes on
the one-quarter acre. The land, in other respects, was pre-
pared in exactly the same manner as Lot No. 1. It was
hoed but four times, and weeded but twice, not being near
as weedy as where manure was used. The yield was 135
bushels.

The onions on both pieces were A 1, except on Lot 2
they were thin skinned. There was not a half peck seal-
lions on the whole piece.

The cost of Lot No. 2, was :
To one-quarter ton steamed bone, at •$

" twelve bushels Canada ashes, at 25c,

" preparing land for seed,

" seed and sowing,

" hoeing four times,

" weeding twice, four days' work, boy, at 75c,

" harvesting, topping, and storing, at 5c. bushel,

" interest and taxes on land,

Dr.

Dr. Total cost of half acre onions, $67 55

Cr. Total yield of half acre, 371 bushels onions. Sold at
96 cts.

Sec note next page. (7)

Xote— Product per acre of Lot No. 1, 944 bushels onions,
Cost per acre of crop on Lot 1,

Profit of crop per acre, on Lot 1,

Product per acre, on Lot 2, 540 bushels onions,

Cost per acre, of crop on Lot 2,

Profit per acre, on Lot 2,
Rate of product per acre, on/both lots together, 742 bushels,
at 96 cents,
Cost per acre, of crop on both lots together,

Profit per acre, on Lots 1 and 2 together, $577 22

Methuen, Sept. 3, 1887.
This certifies that I have this day measured a tract of
land, having on it a crop of onions, owned by John H.
George, of Methuen, and entered by him, for the Essex
Agricultural Society's premium, and that said tract con-
tains one-half an acre.

Jos. S. Howe, Surveyor.

$906 24

151 20

$755 04

$518 40

119 00

$399 40

$712 32

135 10

STATEMENT OF CHAELES W. MANN, OF METHUEN, ON
CABBAGE CROP.

To the Committee on Root Crops:

The piece of cabbage which I enter for premium, was
grown on the highest hill in the county, on land that was
planted to beans in 1885, and sowed to Hungarian in 1886,
only a small quantity of phosphate being used each time.
The land was in pasture when I bought it four years ago,
and has had no manure for at least ten years. The soil is
a deep, dark mellow loam, somewhat sprinkled with small
stone.

I ploughed and harrowed June 4th, spreading on twenty
loans of manure before ploughing, 1200 pounds of ground
steamed bone, and applying 950 pounds of Tucker's Bay
State Superphosphate in the hill.

The seed was planted in the hill June 8th and 9th ; cul-

tivated and hoed three times ; and one hundred days from
planting could cut plenty of eight and ten pound heads.
Cut and sold 108 barrels in Lawrence and Methuen (two
and three miles), and put away 1886 heads for seed pur-
poses.

The land measured 24,946 square feet, being 3,166 feet
more than one-half acre.

Dr.

5 cords manure, at $8, $40 00

1200 pounds bone, 12 00

950 pounds Bay State phosphate, 18 05

Plowing and harrowing, 3 00

Planting, 4 12

Seed, 2 00

Cultivation, 15 00

Cutting and marketing, 21 60

Total cost,

$115 77

Cost per acre,

Or.

$202 70

108 barrels sold,

$92 05

Fodder sold,

5 00

Fodder used,

1 00

250 plants sold,

1886 heads for seed,

at 5c,

in the field,

94 30

Total receipts, $183 10

Profit, 77 33

Receipts per acre, 338 08

Profit per acre, 135 38
Showing 40 per cent, profit.

You will notice that I charge the whole amount of fer-
tilizers to the one crop, and also make a liberal allowance
for marketing, believing that it is just as well to figure that
I get fair pay for fertilizers and labor, as to make out a
tremendous profit and leave the idea that I do the work for

IOO

nothing ; interest and taxes are omitted, for the land is
certainly improved enough to cover that amount.

Charles W. Mann.
Methuen, Mass.

STATEMENT OF DAVID WARREN, OF SWAMPSCOTT, ON
SQUASH CROP.

The crop of squashes which I enter for premium, was
raised on land which was planted with cabbages in 1885,
and in 1886 Avith potatoes; about eight cords of stable
manure applied to acre each year. The soil is a black
loam, with sandy sub-soil. Ploughed in fall and spring,
about five inches deep. Stable manure applied in spring,
eight cords to the acre, and harrowed in with Randall har-
row. Planted the last of May, with Essex Hybrid squash,
in hills eight feet apart, with from three to four seeds in a
hill. Cultivated twice, and hoed twice. Harvested Sept.
30th, 11,620 pounds No. 1 squashes, market price of which
was $20 per ton, and 2500 pounds of seconds, which were
$16 per ton.

The cost of crop was as follows :

Ploughing and preparing land, $7 00

Value of manure, 20 00

Seed and planting, 1 50

Cultivating and hoeing, 3 00

Cutting and storing, 5 00

Note — Rate per acre, of squash crop:
22,072 pounds, or 11.34 tons, at $20,
4880 pounds of seconds, or 2.4 tons, at $16,

Total,

Cost of crop, per acre,

Profit per acre, $194 62

$36 50

David Warren

$226 80

S16, 39 04

s205 84

71 22

lot

Swampscott, Oct. 4, 1887.
The following' loads of squashes were weighed by me, viz.
Six loads, total net weight, 11,620 lbs.

Load of small squash, estimated, 2,500 lbs.

14,120 lbs.
C. S. Lewis, Weigher.

Marblehead, Oct. 20, 1887.
This certifies that the land upon which grew the crop of
Hybrid squashes offered for premium, by David Warren, of
Swampscott, measures one-half acre and two square rods.

Benjamin P. Ware.

STATEMENT OF JAMES P. KING, OF PEABODY, ON RUTA
BAGA TURNIP CROP.

My turnip crop (Ruta Bagas), I offer for premium on
land never ploughed until the year 1886. Planted with
corn last year on fertilizer. This year 1 used for the tur-
nips, at the rate of six cords of compost manure to the acre,
spreading it broadcast. The seed was sown in rows, on the
level, twenty-four inches apart. Two sample loads were
weighed by Charles Emmerton ; the rest were measured in
bulk, as near the sample loads weighed as possible. The
result was 300 bushels of merchantable turnips.

Cost of ploughing and levelling, $6 00

" " manure on the land, three cords, 21 00

" " seed, and sowing the same, 2 00

" " cultivated twice,

" " once weeding and thinning,

" " harvesting,

Whole expense* $>41 00

102

Value of Ruta Bagas, 300 bushels, at 40c.

per bushel, $120 00

Expense, 41 00

Profit, $79 00

Note— Bate of turnip crop per acre, 600 bushels, $240 00

Kate of cost of crop, per acre, 82 00

Rate of profit, per acre, $158 00

This is to certify that I, Nathaniel W. Felton, surveyed
the land for Mr. James P. King, where the 300 bushels
Ruta Bagas grew, and found it to be one-half acre.

Nathaniel W. Felton.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON ORNAMENTAL

TREES.

To the Trustees of the. Essex Agricultural Society :

Gentlemen. — Your committee have been called to act
upon only one entry, and having received notice from the
Secretary, Colonel David W. Low, that Mr. George* L.
Ilawkes, of Lynnfield, had entered a lot of ornamental
trees, immediately arranged to visit his farm the latter
part of the third week in September. It was regretted
that Mr. T. C. Thurlow was unable to attend and unite
his knowledge and experience to that of the remainder of
the committee in considering the interesting entry made
by Mr. Hawkes. We had, however, the valuable knowl-
edge of Prof. John Robinson, added to that of Messrs.
John L. Shorey, E. P. Barrett, and what the undersigned
could give. Mr. French retired because he was unable
to serve. The}r have awarded the prize of $10 to George
L. Hawkes, of Lynnfield.

Mr. Ilawkes has long been a most interested worker in
doing much in the line of tree culture, that can only be
accomplished by individuals where co-operation in the

io3

form of local societies cannot be advantageously brought
to bear, and it was with much pleasure that the results
of his efforts were examined and his hospitality enjoyed
on the occasion of our visit.

The statement herewith appended is a modest and brief
explanation upon which the writer will endeavor to en-
large.

Mr. Hawkes' residence and farm are situated a short
distance east of the Montrose station on that branch of
the Western Division of the Boston & Maine R. R. which
connects Boston with Essex county via Lynnfield, Pea-
body and Salem, and which runs through a tract of coun-
try that nature has made beautiful and healthful by its
rolling, elevated, and picturesque land, which has the
white pine, some hemlocks and a few red pine, pitch pine,
a variety of oaks and maples, ashes, some chestnuts and
elms, walnuts and white birches, locusts and red cedars
among its prominent natural growth of trees. It is a
country that well deserves to become more developed as
homes with cultivable land around them. Such briefly
describes the character of that part of Essex county in
Mr. Hawkes' neighborhood. The railr ad management
is evidently making efforts to attract and accommodate
such citizens as will make their homes on its line. In
driving for either business or pleasure, such pleasing and
sheltering lines of trees as your committee found on the
highway passing through Mr. Hawkes' farm, must always
be appreciated by the public, as well as be a delight in
varied ways to those who have wisely done the planting,
and show a farsightedness as to the value of such plant-
ing. Let those, whose roadsides offer no shade to the
passer-b}T, plan before another spring to plant, at least, on
the more sunny side of their streets, such deciduous trees
as are best adapted to their soil, which shall in good time
afford shelter from the sun's rays, and beautify the land-
scape during the summer seasons.

By reference to the appended statement it will be

io4

found that Mr. Hawkes planted his maples chiefly ifi
three lots; the first were planted by seed sown 41 years
ago, and transplanted to their present location in a grove
in 1853, which are large and handsome specimens ; the
second lot was set out on the roadside about 25 years
ago; while the third lot was set about 13 years ago, and
with very few exceptions all look well. The foregoing
amounted to about 40 trees, ranging from 41 to 13 years,
measuring from 7 to 16 inches in diameter, and up to 45
feet in height.

There were two Norway maples of large size planted
at the western side of the house, which in summer acted
as a shelter from the hot western rays of the sun, and
under whose spreading branches there was a delightful
spot to work, or rest in hammock or chair. When the
leaves have fallen, the warm rays fall gratefully upon the
homestead. These maples were presented to the father
of our host by the late ex-President R. S. Fay, of Lynn.
They are now 17 inches in diameter, and "while resem-
bling the rock maple in general appearance, have a larger
leaf and fuller, deeper green foliage, and in the spring an
abundance of yellow blossoms " as we find given in the
following statement.

In addition to these we viewed a lot of white pines
which had been taken, when small, from another part of
the farm and set as a screen and wind break along that
part of a field bordering the railroad embankment. In
order to hasten their growth upward, several tiers of their
lower limbs had been removed.

Two or three specimens of the sugar maples had been
gradually dying for the past year or two, and none of
your committee could explain the cause. Those who can
give information upon this subject are requested to offer
their knowledge and experience in the form of an essay
next year.

Mr. I [awkes has also had experience with the American
white asli, and stated that " its limbs are liable to decay;

105

it puts on its foliage late and loses it early, and in its
earty years is a slow grower," and he does not consider it
a very desirable ornamental tree.

Its wood is, however, useful, and while we find that its
main stem is generally healthy, may not the facts he states
against it as an ornamental tree, make it a good tree for
thick planting as a forest crop? I know of Ashes being
planted by a gentleman of Middlesex county as such a
crop.

It may be true that we have a sufficient proportion of
woodland compared with open land in Massachusetts,
viewed from the standpoint of usefulness ; but there can
be no harm in increasing that proportion in favor of wood-
land, provided there exists land which can be made more
useful by planting it with trees. I am one who believes
that there are few farms in this good Commonwealth
where there is not some land, even if the quantity may
sometimes be small, that could be improved, to the benefit
of itself and surroundings, by a judicious planting of trees.

There is a sufficient amount of good and interesting
literature upon this subject, which can be placed in every
public library at small cost, and which would give useful
advice, not only upon the characteristics of the different
kinds of trees and shrubs suitable for the different pur-
poses of planting, but the interest promoted by their
perusal would probably result in an increased planting on
farm lands, as well as for the more ornamental planting
of home grounds and roadsides.

These last are a most useful, simple and delightful
work to undertake, and especially in our climate where
the heat of summer is often very severe. We all know
how grateful is the shelter from the rays of the sun, when
returning from or going to work, and in resting from the
toil of the day; and those who j)lant to provide it, should
and must receive the appreciative thanks of all who share
in its protection.

Let us also aim to encourage our Surveyors of High-

io6

ways and land-owners, to unite in trying to preserve rows
of deciduous trees on our roadsides, where nature has
been the planter. Where roadways run in an east of
west direction, advantage can be taken of the opportunity
to plant or preserve our beautiful white pine or other
evergreen trees on the northerly side, where it cannot in
the spring-time delay the frost from leaving the road-bed
in a uniform manner.

All of which is respectfully submitted, trusting that it
will meet with your approval.

Fuancis H. Appleton, Chairman,

STATEMENT OF GEORGE L. HAWKES.

To the Committee on Forest Trees : —

I desire to make the following statement regarding the
ornamental trees which I offer for premium.

The rock maples, twenty in number, making a part of
the grove in front of the house, were set thirty-four years
ago, and are from six to twelve inches in diameter, and
from thirty-five to forty-five feet high. They and some
others are from seeds that I brought from Vermont and
planted forty-one years ago.

Owing to a rather dry soil and their proximity to a
large elm tree, they have not grown so fast as those by
the highway. There are also in the grove a few white
pines, American elms and white ashes. The limbs of the
white ash are liable to decay; it puts on its foliage late
and loses it early, and in its early years is a slow grower
I do not consider it a very desirable ornamental tree.
The most of the thirty-eight rock maples along the high-
way and near the house were bought at a nursery and
planted twenty five years ago about twenty-five feet apart.
A few were set thirteen years ago, and are from seven to
sixteen inches in diameter, and will average forty feet in
height. There are two fine Norway maples near the
house, seventeen inches in diameter, and while resembling

io;

the rock maple in general appearance have a larger leaf,
and fuller, deeper, green foliage, and in the spring an
abundance of yellow blossoms.

A few mountain ashes grew finely for several years,
when they were attacked by borers and all died.
Respectfully submitted,

George L. Hawkes.

REPORT ON CRANBERRIES."

There was but one application for premium on cranber-
ries, namely, that of Mr. James P. Butterfield, of Andover-

Your committee, consisting of Silas M. Titcomb, H. A.
Stiles, and C. C. Blunt, on the sixth of September, visited
the cranberry meadow of Mr. Butterfield. This plot of
land upon which the cranberries were growing, contained
about one and three-fourths acres, and was formerly a nat-
ural pond, but was filled up and cultivated, as will be seen
by Mr. Butterfield's statement, but was of not much value.
This plot was a few feet below the surface level, and grav-
elled over with gravel from the adjoining bank, and well
covered with a heavy growth of vines, laden with an
abundance of beautiful berries, high colored and of large
size, and a handsome sight to behold, well worth a visit
from any man in Essex county who has a boggy meadow.
Your committee, after hearing Mr. Butterfield's statement
and beholding with their own eyes the result of his very
successful experiment (his crop this season being over six
hundred bushels), were unanimous in recommending that
he be awarded the first premium of fifteen dollars. Ap-
pended will be found Mr. Butterfield's statement.

The culture of the cranberry has not come up to its
place among farm crops which its importance demands.

Webster says of it that it forms a sauce of exquisite
flavor, and we are told that the American aborigines pre-
pared poultices from cranberries to extract the venom from
wounds made by poisonous arrows, and they are used as a

io8

popular remedy for erysipelas. Thus we see how valu-
able the cranberry is, not only as food but as a medicine.
That the cranberry is a favorite luxury is abundantly
proved by the high price which a good, and not un fre-
quently an inferior article will command in the markets.

That it is easy of cultivation, and that there is an abun-
dance of land now lying waste which is just adapted to its
growth, is perhaps not so generally known. There are
hundreds of acres in Essex county of meadow and swamp
land that might be converted into profitable cranberry beds
that are now lying waste and almost worthless to the owner,
and this healthful and delicious fruit would become still
more popular if larger quantities were raised for more
general use ; and when you come to the profit of raising
cranberries, there is hardly a farm crop that pays so well,
surpassing even the orange culture of Florida.

Some of the worthless farms in the county that hardly
pay for cultivating, have upon them boggy meadow land
which, with a little enterprise, and not a large expenditure
of money, could be converted into a well paying investment.
A most important consideration in selecting a cranberry
meadow is its location. This should be, if possible, below
the surface of a natural or artificial pond or reservoir, from
which the meadow may be filled, and the vines covered in a
short time, if necessary, and at the same time have the ad-
vantage of being easily drained, so at a proper time the
water may be rapidly withdrawn. In such a location the
vines can be readily protected from frost, which often gives
scarcely an hour's notice of its approach, and also without
the danger of scalding, which arises when water is suffered
to remain about the vines, through the bright sunshine
which sometimes follows a September frost.

In such a location the whole surface can be flowed in the
winter to such a depth as to secure the roots from injury
through the heaving of the soil, and the flowing can be
continued at such a depth and to such a time in the spring
as in the judgment of the grower it will be necessary for
the destruction of the cranberry worm.

109

Let it not be understood than the cranberry does not suc-
ceed only on land that can be overflowed. Very successful
experiments in cranberry culture have been made on land
which is never flowed, but which is dry enough for the
plough at almost any season of the year. It will grow on
almost any soil, sometimes flourishes where the soil seems
entirely free from any matter, either animal or vegetable.
This berry may be said to live entirely on air and water.

Because peat, which supplies the natural food of the
cranberry plant and in which it grows spontaneously, is
usually saturated with water, it is sometimes inferred that
this is a sort of half and half water plant, which will
thrive only where water greatly abounds.

This is a mistake. Cranberries can be successfully
grown in any soil, however elevated, in which mould, from
woody or vegetable fibre, largely predominates, and in a
suitable soil the danger of injury from drought is not
greater than in the case of other cultivated plants.

Cranberry meadows are prepared by removing the turf
to such a depth that neither grass nor bushes will start
from the roots, and setting the vines either in the pure peat
or in a surface covering of sand or gravel to the depth of
from two to four inches, but not so deep as to prevent the
roots of the vines from taking hold of the peat, from which
it takes its life and vigor. The former method is preferred
by some for the reason that the grasses, which will take
root in the peat after cultivation becomes impracticable, are
much less formidable enemies to the vines than the rushes
and other wiry plants that invariably gain a foothold in
sanded or gravelled meadows. It has been the experience
of some that sand and gravel check rather than promote
the growth of the vines, and that they are useful only as
they facilitate the process of clea:: cultivation, while the
vines are acquiring complete possession of the soil.

But whatever opinions exist in regard to the use of sand
or gravel, no one would think of reclaiming a meadow for
the culture of the cranberry without its use. For trans-

I IO

planting, vines should be selected whose fruit is of good
size and of dark red color when ripe. The egg-shaped
berries are usually the largest and considered the most
saleable, though not so heavy as some of the smaller varie-
ties. The vines should be carefully separated from all
grasses and other roots, and bound in bunches of half a
dozen or more by twisting about them one of the long run-
ners, and in this condition they can be set very rapidly, in
hills fifteen inches apart and rows twenty inches
apart. Vines may be set at any season, but the spring is
much the better time, as vines set early become more firmly
rooted and better able to withstand the winter than those
set later in the season, After the vines are set, it should
be the aim of the cultivator, as soon as he can, to get such
a growth as to completely cover the ground. To this end
all weeds, grass, moss and bushes should be kept down with
a hoe, while a hoe can be used, and afterwards by hand,
until the vines have complete possession of the ground,
which under favorable conditions will be in about three or
four years, when cultivation is generally discontinued.

After the vines have completely covered the ground,
little remains to be done except to use all available means
for protecting and securing the fruit. Where vines cannot
readily be covered with water, the time of harvesting must
be made earlier than where flowing can be done at any
time. Unripe and immature fruit will sell, but perfectly
ripe fruit keeps best and sells best, and of course brings the
highest price.

It is estimated that there will be shipped from Cape Cod
the present season 100,000 barrels, which goes to show the
great importance of this industry.

C. C Blunt, Chairman, S. M. Titcomb, H. A. Stiles—
Committee.

STATEMENT OP J. P. BUTTERFIELD, OF A.ND0VER, ON CRANBERRY

CROP.

Andover, Oct. 31, 1887.
The plat of land represented in the accompanying plan

1 1 r

was formerly a natural pond from four to six feet deep,
which was drained and gravelled nearly eighty-six years
ago, and was cultivated until 1875, when the writer
ploughed nearly one-half acre of it, and after leveling and
adding a little more gravel, set it with cranberry vines in
June and July, 1876.

(This part is represented in the plan, in 36 and 40 rods.)
The weather was very dry when this plat was set and

I 12

nearly all of the vines died above ground, but the roots
lived, and the vines covered the ground the third year.

The fourth year I picked 128 bushels on the seventy-six
rods. I set aboul ninety bushels of vines on this plat,
which I am convinced is double what there should be. The
plat represented in the eighty-four rods was ploughed Oct.,
1876, and set the following June. It was prepared in the
same manner as the first piece, and set with over one hun-
dred bushels of vines ; these vines thrived so well they
covered the ground the second year. The third year one
variety yielded three bushels to the rod ; the fourth year
the vines were from twelve to fifteen inches deep, which
condition necessitated gravelling. In 1885 this piece
yielded 250 bushels, one variety yielding six bushels to the
rod ; this year (1887) it bore 212 bushels.

The plat represented in the 100 rods was prepared the
same as the other two, but only one-half as many vines set.
It has thrived as well as the others for a term of years.

The plat represented in the thirty rods was set in 1879 ■>
previous to which all the sods and mud had been carted off
and it had been filled with stone and levelled with sand.
There were a smaller quantity of vines set here than on
either of the other pieces ; in the seven years since 1879 it
has borne 253 bushels of berries, ready for the market when
picked, which is about the 20th of September. The largest
quantity picked on this piece in one year (1887) 62 bushels ;
this piece was set with early varieties.

The ditch around the border of the bog marked seed ditch
is eight inches higher than the middle of the piece, which
gives the surface quite an incline. This I consider too
much. It only requires sufficient incline to prevent the
water from standing on the surface.

I have thought best to take the 30 rod piece set in 1879.
This part of the bog had very little muck on it, which, as
stated before, was carted off with the turf, and the lowest
part filled with stone, gravel and loam from the edge of the
meadow, and covered with sand and gravel (the land

around the whole bog is coarse sand and gravel), any of it
good for the setting of vines. This piece is 11 rods long,
and 30 to 50 feet wide, and the centre is left about 2 in.
higher than the outside, the reverse of the main part of the
bog, as the seed ditches answer to drain the surplus water
off as well as to keep the seed from the upland from wash-
ing among the vines in a heavy shower. These ditches
around the bog are about 10 in. deep and 18 in. wide, cost
nothing as the material taken out goes on the piece to level
it. The vines were set in rows 18 in. apart, and G in.
apart in the rows as near as the men could guess.

The cost per acre to set vines as thick as this, is between
forty and fifty dollars, that is, to punch the holes and set
the vines as some do cabbage plants. The cost of setting
the vines on this piece was not kept separate as we set the
vines as fast as we levelled the ground. The vines were
cuttings about 8 to 10 in. long, set in the ground 5 or G in.
The cost of the vines was in the gathering, as they were
taken from a patch of wild vines, from day to day, as we
were ready for them. I would remark, it will take one
hand to sort and cut the slips the right length, for two to
set. The cost of this plat will have to be given in a lump
as you will see by the above. When we had the last row
levelled, the men were ready to set it; one reason for so
doing was the lateness of setting and dry weather. I did
not wish the ground to get dry before the vines were in.
Perhaps this is as cheap as any method if one has the re-
quired help. The 30 rods cost $73, or nearly $2.50 per
square rod. With regard to fertilizer I never use any,
only to put on about an inch of gravel once in four or five
years.

I will take for examples the two last seasons.
In 188G I gathered from the before mentioned plat (30 sq.
rods) 17 1-2 barrels of berries, which sold in Boston
for $6.75 per barrel, $118 12

Cost of picking berries at 50 cts. per bu. $25 65
Cost of sorting and screening, 6 56

ii4

Cost of barrels, 8 75

Cartage and commission, 14 52

Weeding vines and clearing ditches, 6 50

#61 98

Profit, $56 14

This autumn (1887) we gathered 21 barrels, sold
at $7.75 per barrel in Oct., $1G2 75

Cost of harvesting and marketing, 857 75

Cost of weeding and graveling. 12 50

$70 25

Profit, $92 50

. Respectfully yours,

J. P. BUTTERFIELD.

Note.— Cranberry crop of JS86, per acre, 93 1-3 bbls. at $675 $629 94

Cost of crop per acre, 330 56

Profit per acre, exclusive of land rent and interest

on investment, $299 38

Cranberry crop of 18S7, per acre, 112 bbls., at $7.75, $868 00

Cost of crop per acre, 374 66

Profit per acre, exclusive of land rent and interest, $493 34
An average of $396.36 yearly profit.

REPORT OP COMMITTEE ON STRAWBERRIES
AND OTHER SMALL FRUITS.

Your Committee on Strawberries and Other Small Fruits
submit the following :

There were but two entries, one of strawberries and one
of raspberries, both entered by George J. Peircc, of West
Jvewbury. The committee visited Mr. Pierce's early in
July, and found his strawberries in full bearing, and loaded
with lucious fruit. The bed No. 1 was perfectly free from
weeds, the vines completely covering the ground, still the
nerrics were of go<;d size. There were, I think, four varie-
ties,—Wilson, Crescent, Charles Downing, and Manchester.

We looked the raspberries over. The Cuthberts were as
fine as I ever saw. I did not see them when in bearing, it
being impossible for me to attend to it at that time. Your
committee consider the strawberries and raspberries both
worthy, and report awards as follows :

$10. First premium, to George J. Peirce. West Newbury,

for strawberry crop.
$10. First premium, to George J. Peirce, West Newbury,

for raspberry crop.

Mr. Peirce has sent the following statement which I for-
ward :

J. Henry Hill,

Chairman of Committee.

STATEMENTS OF GEORGE J. PEIRCE, OF WEST NEWBURY,
ON STRA'SVBERRY CROP.

On strawberry bed No. 1, area 101 square rods, soil slaty,
sloping north. Land broke up in 1885 ; three cords of
dressing spread and harrowed in, and planted with potatoes,
200 pounds of " Ames' " fertilizer put in the hills. In
1886: ploughed, and 6000 strawberry vines, mostly Wilsons
and Crescents, a few Manchester and Charles Downings,
set on the bed in May, 1886. Four barrels hen manure
and one load of barn manure mixed, and put on in June.
In December, covered with mulch. In 1887, when vines
were in blossom, applied three barrels of wood ashes.
Weeded three times.

crop of 1887.

1886. — Cost of ploughing and preparing land, $4 00

Four barrels hen manure, $3, one load barn

manure, $2, mixed, and applied in June, at

-S7.92 per acre, 5 00

6000 '-Crescent" and " Wilson" strawberry

plants, 15 00

Planting same in May, at §3 per acre, 1 89

Salt and fresh hay for mulching in Dec, 10 00
Weeding three times, at $3, boy fifteen days,

at 60 cents, 9 00
L887. — Three barrels wood ashes, applied when in

blossom, 2 25
Ticking 5297 quarts strawberries, at 2 cents, 105 94

Marketing same, at 1 cent, 52 97

Rental value of land, one and one-half years, 4 50

Interest on investment, about one year, 2 10

Total cost of crop, $212 65

First picking of berries, June 21, 189 quarts. Largest
picking of berries, June 27, 961 quarts. Last picking of
berries, July 12, 152 quarts.

1887. — Received for 5297 quarts of strawberries, sold
at from 9 to 20 cents per quart, averaging
12 cents per quart, $635 64

Less cost of crop, 212 65

Profit on crop, $422 99

Strawberry bed No. 2, on 308 1-2 square rods of land,
which required no weeding in 1887.

(For description of the planting and crops of this land
previous, see statement of George G. Peirce (deceased), in
" 1886 Transactions,7' and in "Note " below).
1886. — Cost of dressing with eight loads of horse,'

coarse stable manure, $8 00

1887. — Cost of picking 5*385 quarts berries, at 2c., 107 70
Cost of marketing same, at lc, 53 85

Cost of land, estimated rental value for one

year, 9 00

Interest on investment, 5 00

Total cost of 1887 crop, $183 55
Receipts for 5385 quarts berries, average

price 12 cents quart, $646 20

Profit from 1887 crop, 462 75

ii7

Note.— Bed No. 1. planted 1885. Crop per acre in 188*7, 8391

quarts, at average price, 12 cents quart, slOOG 92

Expense of bed No. 1, in 1887, per acre, 336 80

Profit per acre, for Bed No. 1, $070 12

Bed No. 2, planted 1885. Crop per acre, in 1S87, 2793

quarts, at 12 cents,
Expense of Bed No. 2, in 1887, per acre,

Profit per acre, for Bed No. 2 ,
Bed No. 2. Crop in 1886, 63S1 quarts per acre,
" " Crop in 1887, 2793 quarts per acre,

Total for two years' crops,

Cost of 1886 crop, per acre, $280 43

Add for land and interest on investment, S 00

Expense of 18S7 crop, per acre, 95 20

335

$239 06

7D7 62

335

SI 132

383 63

Profit per acre, for two and one-half years' planting, $749 15
or an average of $299.66 yearly.
" Bed No. 2 was planted with two rows each, of Crescent, Wilson,
Manchester, and Charles Downing. No difference in variety was
made in picking and marketing them. He believes that be has better
success mixing different kinds together, and they cover the ground
better."

STATEMENT OP GEORGE J. PEIRCE, OP WEST NEWBURY, ON
RASPBERRY CROP.

On raspberry bed No. 1, crop of Cuthbert raspberries
from 71 1-2 square rods of land, third year of picking, and
requiring no cultivation or dressing in 1887. (For descrip-
tion of the planting and crop on this land previous, see
statement of George G. Peirce (deceased), in 1886 " Tran-
sactions," and note below).

Cost of pruning, 1887, $ 90

Cost of picking 2814 pints berries, 28 14

Cost of marketing same, 28 14

Rental value of land, per acre, $5, 2 30

Interest on investment, per acre, $5, 2 30

Total cost, $61 78

First picking of berries, July 13, 20 pints. Greatest

picking of berries, July 25, 501 pints. Last picking of

berries, August 5, 23 pints.

Picked 2814 pints raspberries, at 8 cents,

Less cost of crop,

Profit from 71 1-2 sq. rods,

$225 12

$168

$50i

: 68

138

! 25

Note. — Crop of 18S7, per acre, 3148 quarts at 16 cents,
Less cost per acre,

Profit per acre, $365 43

Bed No. 1. Crop in 188(5, per acre, 2803 qts. at 15c, $420 45

Crop in 1887, per acre, 3148 qts. at 16c, 503 68

Two years' products, $924 13

Cost per acre, in 1886 (land and interest not included), $218.35
Add for rental, value of land, and interest on invest-
ment, 10.00

Cost per acre, in 1887, 138.25

< 366 60

Two years' profit, per acre, $557 53

Average yearly profit, $278 76

On raspberry bed No. 2, crop of Cuthbert raspberries on
thirty-five square rods of land. Second year of picking, no
cultivation or dressing.

Cost of picking 1450 pints berries, $14 50

Cost of marketing same, 14 50

Cost of pruning, at $2 per acre, 44

Rental value of land, at $5 per acre? 1 10

Interest on investment, at $5 per acre, 1 10

$31 64

First picking, July 19, 125 pints. Greatest picking,

July 27, 391 pints. Last picking, August 5, 39 pints.

Receipts for 1450 pints berries, average 8 cents, $116 00

Less cost of crop, 31 64

Profit in 1887, from 35 square rods, $84 30

Note. — Crop per acre, 3314 quarts, at 16 cents, $530 20

Less cost of crop, per acre, 144 64

Profit per acre, in 1887, $385 56

REPORT ON NEW VARIETIES OF WINTER
APPLES.

Last year there were two varieties of new winter apples
that originated ont of the county, entered for premium at
the fair at Newburyport, one by C. M. Kent of Newbury
the other by Joseph Horton of Ipswich. The apples
appeared well, and they were requested to present a sam
pie of them to the trustees at their meeting in June. Mi-
Kent appeared with specimens of his apples that were
fresh and good. Mr. Horton was not present, hut ap*
peared at the fair in Peabody with good specimens of his
fruit. It takes considerable time to fully test the com-
parative value of different varieties of fruit, as there are
so many qualities to be considered.

The flavor of the apples, their size, their bearing qual-
ity, their keeping quality, their color, which has much to
do in the sale of the apples, all of which should be con-
sidered.

Several years ago the Northern Spy, then a new variety,
was highly recommended as a late keeping winter apple,
that would keep longer than the Baldwin and of sup-
erior quality.

Being in Boston market one summer day I noticed a
dish of beautiful apples said to be the Northern Spy, a
variety I had been long looking for. Price 6 cents each.
I took one, put it in my pocket and carried it home that
others might partake of the luxury. In the spring I pro.
cured scions.

I gave them a fair trial. I grafted a thrifty Baldwin
stock that stood in a patch of raspberry bushes, the ground
being manured and cultivated. The scions grew vigor*
ously and soon produced fruit large and fair. When time
to gather winter apples many of them were specked with
rot and unfit for winter use, which has been characteris-
tic of them since, when the tree would bear several
bushels in a year. I also grafted two or three Runnels

120

apple stocks with them on grass land that was kept in
good condition by top dressing. The apples on these
trees were many of them small and unfair, not fit for
market.

The above experiment agrees with our former experi-
ence that constant cultivation and manuring will produce
large apples, but not as good for use or to keep as those
less prolific. There should be, however, cultivation or
fertilizing sufiicient to keep the trees in a thrift}- bearing
condition, to produce the best fruit.

These apples rotted worse than others have done under
like circumstances. The question arose before the com-
mittee on apples at the late fair at Peabody whether the
largest apples should have the premium in consequence
of their being large, or those of less size that were thought
to be better apples. It was decided that the best apples
should have the premium, taking both the size and quality
into consideration.

Two years ago a history of the Baldwin apple was pub-
lished in the transactions of the Essex Agricultural So-
ciety, which is briefly as follows: — In the latter years of
the last century Col. Laomi Baldwin, a distinguished en-
gineer, while engineering for the Middlesex canal from
Chelmsford, now Lowell, to Boston, discovered these
apples on a tree in a wood in Wilmington, perceived their
value and disseminated them. They spread gradually,
the Rhode Island Greening, a popular apple (but not
red), being their competitor. The first account we have
of them was in the south part of the county in 1812 or
1813. They gradually spread over the county. The
winter of 1832, a severe winter, that commenced about
the middle of November after a mild autumn, before na-
ture had prepared the trees for winter, many beautiful
young orchards were almost entirely destroyed, which
greatly cheeked the ardor of the people in propagating
them.

Now the Baldwin apple as a variety has become old,

121

far beyond the common age of man, and by being grafted
over and over many times has depreciated and become
less valuable, and liberal premiums have been offered by
the society for new varieties.

One variety has appeared and in the Ordway apple.
It originated in a wood like the Baldwin, and was brought
into notice by Mr. Alfred Ordway of Bradford. It much
resembles the Baldwin and is hoped to be its equal, but
is to be tested and proved by experience. Two other
varieties have been brought before the society for pre-
mium and it is hoped they will prove what they are rep-
resented to be. To prove the value of a variety of apples
we think they should be tested in different orchards.

The apple crop is of vast importance to the people of
Essex county, not only to the producer but to the whole
community. We are as a whole a great brotherhood, all
more or less interested in the apple crop and its improve-
ments, and in new varieties, and in the success of each
other (or ought to be). We have, during our long expe-
rience, many times grafted from other orchards apples
that did not prove what they were represented to be.

I have not seen all the committee to consult with them
in regard to recommending a premium, as I think more
information is necessary as to their production in other
orchards. We now hope that our brother farmers will
take scions from these trees and test and compare them
with other varieties that we may know their comparative
value. We also hope the producers will still continue
their efforts after new and better varieties, and they will
*n time be rewarded.

Joseph How, Chairman.

NEW MEMBERS.

The Committee on New Members has attended to that
duty, and respectfully reports the following award :
$6. First premium, to John Meacom, Beverly, for obtain-
ing ten new members from Beverly.

122

Other than those who became members by rule of the
Society (a premium of $7 or upwards, having been award-
oil them), the new members of the society, during the year
ending November 1, were ten from Beverly, ten from Pea-
body, three from Lynnfield, two from Andover, two from
West Newbury, two from Rockport, two from Newburyport,
and one each from Bradford, Manchester, Wenham, Dan-
vers, Georgetown, Lynn, Salisbury, Methuen.

Your committee would recommend members of the so-
ciety to show this book of " Transactions of the Society,'1
to their neighbors and friends, and thus convince them that
if they are interested in agriculture or horticulture, that in
no way can they get so much practical information returned
to them, as by investing $3 in a life membership in this so-
ciety, and yearly receiving its printed " Transactions,"
besides all the rights and benefits that such membership
confers, to say nothing of the pride every such man should
have in maintaining the standing and success of a society
which Essex county receives such a credit for, that its
agricultural people may well be proud of.

David W\ Low, Secretary, Committee.

REPORT OP THE COMMITTEE ON TREAD WELL

FARM.

The lease of the farm to Thomas W. Pierce, had, last
April, two years of its term unexpired. The trustees of
his estate desired to be relieved from its obligations, and
by the payment of -$100 the lease was canceled, thus leav-
ing the farm on the hands of the committee. As it proved
too late to secure a suitable tenant, arrangements were
made with Charles J. Peabody, of Topsfield, to sell the
grass standing, for the benefit of the society, and to seed
down to grass some thirty acres of land that had been in
cultivation for several years previous, and to conduct several
experiments, without expense to the society, all of which
has been done in a satisfactory manner, by Mr. Peabody, as
is shown by his annexed statement.

123

The farm is now without a tenant, but the committee
hope to lease it to a suitable person before the next- season.
The barn and adjoining shed, built twenty-five years
ago. and then shingled with second quality shaved shingles,
without repairs since, were in such a leaky condition
as to make a new covering a necessity, which is now being
done with first quality of sawed cedar shingles, and if they
prove as serviceable as those they replace, the society will
have reason to be satisfied. There are some broken down
gates that are to be put in respectable condition. The
committee feel that under the circumstances the farm lias
made a creditable showing, with receipts of 8350. This,
with the following statement, is respectfully submitted.

Benjamin P. Ware, Chairman.

STATEMENT OF EXPERIMENTS ON TREADWELL FARM, IN TOPS-
FIELD, DURING THE SEASON OF 1887.

First. Experiment with corn, to test comparative value
of manure from the barn, and Darling's fertilizer. Lot 1,
containing one acre, was manured with four cords of barn
manure, applied in the hill. Value on the land, $40 ;
yielded thirty-three (33) bushels shelled corn, and one and
one-half tons stover. Value of crop, $37.80, at an estimate
of sixty cents per bushel, for corn, and $12 per ton, for
stover, or reckoning the seventy pounds corn on the ear as
worth the same price for grinding cob and corn together, as
an equal weight of western meal costs, as it actually is for
feeding purposes, and we have a value of $27.70 for corn,
and for making milk, the stover is worth $15 per ton, or
$21.50 on the acre. By this estimate, the crop is worth
$49.20, and, in my judgment, the latter value, less the cost
of grinding, is the true one to the farmer.

On Lot No 2, containing also one acre, was used 1435
pounds Darling's fertilizer, costing $25.07, and producing
thirty-two bushels shelled corn, and one and one-half tons
stover. Value to sell, $37.20. Value to use, 148.50, on
same basis as before. Actual difference in crop on the two
lots, one bushel shelled corn in favor of manure.

124

It is probable that the yield of both lots was reduced one
quarter part by the August gale, which so twisted and broke
the roots that many ears did not fill out as they should have
done under favorable conditions. The corn was also planted
much later than usual, as the farm did not come under my
care till the season was considerably advanced. Both lots
were planted the sixth and seventh of June. The variety
of corn was the eight-rowed Canada.

Experiment No. 2. To determine the comparative value
of sweet corn for market, and field corn as a crop. On an
acre planted with Marblehead Mammoth Sweet corn was
raised four hundred and fifty dozen ears, worth in the field,
six cents per dozen.

Value of corn sold, $27 00

Value of small ears, fed to cows, 5 00

Four tons stover, at $15 per ton, 60 00

$92 00
Value of one acre of field corn, as by

previous account, $49 20

Balance in favor of sweet corn, $42 80

A significant fact in regard to the value of sweet corn
stover, fed green, is, that by actual test, twenty pounds of
the stover, fed to each of my herd of nine cows daily, pro-
duced as much milk as eight pounds of meal and shorts,
the cows having the same pasture in both cases. T tried it
for a week at a time, and measured the milk every day.

Experiment No. 3, with Hungarian grass, to try the
relative value of Ames' and Darling's fertilizers. Each
was used at the rate of three hundred pounds per acre, a
lot of six acres being equally divided between the two
brands. The Ames produced, on three acres, four tons of
dry hay, weighed on public scales. The Darling yielded
three and one-half tons, on the same area. Th'e land was
sandy rye stubble, considered as poor as any on the farm.

125

The crop where no fertilizer was used, was fifteen hundred
pounds per acre.

The experiment with potatoes cannot be reported, as they
were so largely destroyed by the rot.

The Farm may be considered in satisfactory condition in
most respects, at present. Thirty acres have been seeded
to grass, the past season, with a good catch assured on
most of the land. The walls around the pasture have been
poled and repaired. The woodwax partially checked, by
mowing : and an attempt made to carry on the place in a
workmanlike manner. There have been eighteen cords of
manure used on the farm, and nearly two tons of fertilizers.
No rent has been received from the house, which has been
unoccupied.

C. J. Peabody.

FARMERS' INSTITUTES.

The first Farmers' Institute held by this Society was
held at Plummer Hall, Salem, March 18, 1879, and was
opened at 9.30 A. M. on the subject of "Vegetables aud
Seed," by Hon. J. J. H. Gregoiy, and in the afternoon on
the "Planning and Management of Farms."

The 52d one was held March 25, 1887, (at the same
place as the first), which not only shows that this Society
complied with the order of the State Board of Agriculture,
" that each Society receiving the State Bounty should
hold at least three farmers' institutes within its limits in
the course of a }'ear," not as a matter of compulsion, but
because it early found that the}^ were of great value to
the agricultural interests of the county, and as such should
not be limited to a sufficient number to satisfy the require-
ments of the State, and has therefore set apart since 1878
an average of six and one-half days annually for institutes,
holding two meetings on each day, each meeting, in most
cases, being devoted to different subjects, and held where
the different agricultural sections of the county could be

126

most benefited by attendance, inquiry and discussion-
And not satisfied with its institutes for farmers, it set
apart the past season its closing day, which although
called a "Farmers' Institute," was designated as
"Ladies' Day," and the subjects of the day, opened by
ladies,* were handled so well and with the after discus-
sion were so interesting and instructive to farmers and
their wives, daughters and friends, that it is an institute
that has come to stay, and not only on that day may we
expect to hear the voice of women instructing and coun-
selling, but at others of the season, to which, our society
invites them so cordially.

Our young farmers need not be afraid they intrude
when they attend our institute meetings and ask ques-
tions or give result of any experiment they have made
connected with the subject then under discussion, for our
Society extends to all such throughout the county a hearty
greeting and urges that more of them be present, for none
can go away from such meetings without benefit, intel-
lectually and socially, if not practically.

The Society has held eight " Farmers' Institutes " dur-
ing the past season, the 45th and first one being held in the
Town Hall, Georgetown, December 9, 1886, at 9.30 A. M.
Hon. J. J. H. Gregory was introduced by President Ware,
and gave a very instructive and interesting talk on the
"Improvement of Meadow Lands,** showing its structural
formation and chemical properties, and how it should be
treated. The discussion which followed was taken part
in by men of experience in this and other counties of this
State, and also from New Hampshire, and the general
verdict from such experience was that it pays to improve
wet meadow land. In the afternoon the subject of " Root
Crops ** was opened by Hon. Asa T. Newhall, of Lynn, a
successful grower of such crops, who gave in a general
way much information, which, with questions after its
close, and the successes and disasters of others in culti-
vating certain crops, made the afternoon, as well as the
forenoon, one of profit to those in attendance.

127

The 46th Institute was held at Rowley Town Hall '
with large attendance, on December 30, 1886. The fore-
noon discussion was on the subject of " Which is most
profitable for Farmers, to raise their own Cows or to buy
them?" opened by C J. Peabocty, of Topsfield, who
treated the subject in a manner which showed his experi-
ence and observation and that he favored the raising of
cows by farmers for their own use. The discussion gave
a great deal of information on the subject of raising, feed-
ing and care, and the points of a good cow. The question
was left with the evidence rather in favor of farmers rais-
ing their own cows.

After dinner, the meeting was called to order at 2 p. M.,
and the members of the Society proceeded to elect a dele-
gate to the State Board of Agriculture from this Society.
Benjamin P. Ware, of Marblehead, was elected.

Hon. John E. Russell, Secretary of the State Board of
Agriculture, was then introduced, and after compliment-
ing the Society on re-electing Mr. Ware as its delegate,
and on its influence as an agricultural instructor, spoke
on the subject of " Sheep Husbandry as adapted to Massa-
chusetts." He treated his subject in his usual able^
sprightly, interesting manner, and advocated the keeping
of sheep in spite of dogs, of which he said there were 150,-
000 owners to 3000 of sheep owners, and said that the best
way to renovate the hilly pastures of Essex Count}r was
by sheep husbandry. The after discussion by various
persons brought out their experiences with sheep and dogs
and of their profit and loss with sheep keeping.

The 47th Institute was held at Memorial Hall, Me-
thuen, on Jan. 14, 1887, with "Forage Crops," for the
forenoon discussion, to have been opened by John Q.
Evans, of Amesbuiy, who was delayed, and Hon. J. J. H.
Gregory was called upon, and taking the experiments
made with feeding different kinds of forage to cattle at
one of the experiment stations as his text, commented
upon them in a very interesting manner. During the

128

discussion which followed, Mr. Evans arrived, and read a
very instructive paper on "Forage Crops," which was
discussed afterwards until dinner time.

In the afternoon, James C. Poor, Manager of Hon. Wm.
A. Russell's stock farm, of North Andover, read a paper
and answered numerous questions on the u Care of Farm
Stock," which gave much interesting and practical infor-
mation as did also the discussion of others which followed.

The 48th Institute was held at the Town Hall, Tops-
field. January 28, 1887. The subject in the forenoon,
"Agricultural Implements," opened by Hon. J. J. H.
Gregory, of Marblehead, was one of great value to all
farmers, and was listened to with close attention for two
hours. He divided farm im lements into five classes;
first, those with which to prepare the ground ; second,
those to plant with; third, those to cultivate the ground ;
fourth, those to harvest with ; fifth, those to utilize the
crop with, each of which were thoroughly treated, and
was followed by the experiences of others with farm im-
plements, all of which gave information of special value
on various implements.

The afternoon subject, " The Growing of Potatoes," by
Edmund Hersey, of Hingham, illustrated with the stereop-
tican, showing different stages of growth at same time, of
potatoes planted in different shape, also showing their
products when harvested, which, with his lecture, was very
interesting and instructive. From result of experiments
he stated that whole potatoes yield better than cut ones,
and the seed end better than the stem end. The crop
three times more from a whole potato than from a single
eye.

The 49th Institute was held Feb. 11, 1887, at Town
Hall, Bradford, where the subject of " The Value of Corn
Stover in comparison witli English Hay," was opened by
Benjamin P. Ware, of Marblehead, who claimed that good
corn stover which had been cut and stooked just as the
corn was commencing to glaze and then carefully cured

129

and housed, was equal in value to English hay, and gave
evidence in support of his claim. Some thirteen gentle-
men took part in the discussion which followed. Some,
while admitting its value, believed that Mr. Ware's esti-
mate of value was set much too high.

The afternoon meeting was opened by Dr. Wm. Cogs-
well, of Bradford, with an essay on "The Building and
Repairing of Country Roads," which contained many val-
uable suggestions on the subject. The discussion which
followed brought out practical ideas from Surveyors of
Highways and road builders located in various parts of
the county.

The 50th Institute was held at Town Hall, Beverly,
February 25, 1887, Nathan Bushby, of Peabody opening
the meeting on the'subject of " Vegetable Culture," which,
from his practical and successful experience, furnished an
able talk, with questions answered, of two hours or more,
followed by the experiences of the leading vegetable and
seed growers of the county and others upon the subject.

In the afternoon the subject of " Fertilizers " was opened
by Prof. George H. Whicher, of New Hampshire Agricul-
tural College, who for an hour and a half gave a forcible
and practical talk on the value of chemicals as fertilizers,
illustrating his subject with specimens and giving descrip-
tions of experiments tried at his College and their results.

The results from a test of chemicals beside three
" commercial fertilizers " named, as reported by the N. H.
State Grange, the figures given representing the increase
of sound corn due to $1.00 worth of each tested were : —

$1.00 worth of gave increased value at

Paci fio Guano, $1.40

Bradley's, 1.72

Stockbridge, 2.16

( bone black, \

Chemicals, I muriate potash, > 3.36
( sulphate ammonia, )

13°

He recommended the following combinations of chemi-
cals for fertilizers, the "bone black" containing 16 per
cent, phosphoric acid, the "muriate of potash" 50 per
cent, of actual potash, and the " sulphate of ammonia " 20
per cent, of nitrogen.

( bone black, 325 lbs. }

Comb'n for corn, < muriate of potash,100 lbs. > cost $11.
( sulphate of ammonia, 75 lbs. )

_, . , - ( bone black, 340 lbs. ) . *Q

Comb n for potatoes, j ^^ of polash? 160 lbs. | cost $9.

( bone black, 300 lbs. )

Comb'n for oats, < muriate of potash, 150 lbs. > cost $8.50
( sulphate of ammonia, 25 lbs. )

These combinations are for one acre where no manure
is used, and in case of corn and potatoes, 150 lbs. of each
is to be used in the hills, the remainder broadcast.

More potash would have an injurious effect if injudi-
ciously used. He said that fertilizers were not stimulants
as much as necessary food for the land, as much so, if not
more, than manure is.

His instructive and valuable talk was followed by that
of others of large experience in the use of fertilizers, who
agreed with the Professor in urging upon the farmers the
economy to them of manufacturing their own fertilizers.

The 51st Institute was held in Peabody Institute, Dan-
vers, on March 11, 1887, on the subject of "Progress of
Ensilage," opened by Rev. O. S. Butler, of Georgetown,
who gave an instructive history'of it in this country, where
it only dates back to 1875, while in Germany and Prussia
it was preserved 100 years ago. He gave the opinions of
95 farmers, whose testimony he had collected, and their
general tenor was, that ensilage had come to stay, as a
permanent institution for the promotion of agriculture.
Samples of ensilage corn and ensilage cut in inch lengths
were shown.

The afternoon Institute was opened by Francis H.
Appleton, of Peabody, on ' Encouragement of Tree Plant-

i3i

ing" as a subject, who said that forest growths were a
necessity in this country to enrich the soil with their dis-
carded foliage ; by retaining water in the soil ; their pro-
tection against tornadoes, frosts, and other changes of cli-
mate, not only important in an agricultural view, but the
source of our water ways from which large industries
have sprung.

He appealed for the use of our hardy trees and shrubs
in decorating and beautifying our homes and grounds and
to encourage all such efforts among our people. He gave
information of value on the hardy and desirable trees for
Essex county, their propagation, etc., and was pleased to
see the good effects of " Arbor Day" in many localities,
and that "tree planting" should be encouraged in all
rational ways.

T. C. Thurlow, of West Newbury, followed Mr. Apple-
ton, and for half an hour interested his hearers with hints
from his own abundant experience. He thought more
attention should be given in our towns to public improve-
ments in the way of parks and adornment of streets and
home grounds.

The 52d Institute, or " Ladies' Day,"* was held in
Plummer Hall, Salem, on March 25, 1887. The forenoon
subject being "Impressions of Farm and Peasant Life in
Austria and Germany," by Mrs. E. V. Gage, of Bradford,
and conveyed information of interest and value and
showed that most of the farm work of those countries was
done by women, and from her impressions and that of
others, who spoke afterwards, all agreed that our country
and New England especially, are far ahead of the old
countries of Europe in the intelligence, comfort, advan-
tages and mode of living, of her farming population.

In the afternoon, Mrs. Maria II . Bray, of Gloucester,
opened the meeting, on " Flowers." Her essay contained
much of the sentimental in relation to them, as well as
information in regard to the commercial uses of many of
them. She was followed by others who gave practical

132

information in regard to the cultivation of various kinds
of flowers, wild as well as cultivated.

With this, closed a very successful season of Institutes,
each attended by from 100 to 400 persons, and of such
value that to those who attended they were days well
spent.

Those who attended them were in most cases provided
near at hand with dinners together, by ladies on charita-
ble thoughts intent, adding much to the sociability of the
occasions, and relieving our minds of where to look for
something to eat. To them and the Farmers' Clubs, or
other interested persons, the Society is indebted for the
conveniences provided for holding them in the various
places where they have been held.

David W. Low, Secretary.

* In this connection I cannot resist republishing the fact that ladies
were first put upon committees in this Society in 1856, and one of the
ladies of the " Flower" Committee of that year made the fact known
in their report with these lines:

At the first Cattle Show of which we read,

Man, sole Committee, over all presided,
Till the Great Husbandman, who saw the need

Of Woman's gentler couusel, thus decided: —
" It is not good for man to be alone ; "
And straight a helpmeet formed to share his throne.

In this display, where Nature fresh and fair
To Eden's bowers tempts back the roving will,

The old precedent is brought to bear,
And Eve's quick tact is blent with Adam's skill,

To trace the hand of God in fruits and flowers,

And scan the products of man's feebler powers.

If, in the judgment thus conjointly rendered,

Error, like evil, craftily creeps in,
That same old plea which father Adam tendered,

Can now be urged to palliate the sin;
And every blunder written, thought, or said,

Be visited on luckless women's head.

133
ESSAY ON RECLAIMING ROCKY PASTURES.

BY CHAS. W. MANN, OF METHTJEN.

We have in Essex County, many rough and rocky pieces
of pasture and woodland that are within easy reach of mar-
kets, and when reclaimed would become very profitable
fields for cultivation. Many of these relics of the wilder-
ness are of small area, and are often so situated in the
midst of smiling fields, or upon the borders of fine farms,
as to be a much greater damage to the appearance and sell-
ing value of the property than what the income of the same
land when cleared would seem to justify, but they are such
an eyesore as perhaps to add two or three times the cost of
reclaiming to the value of their surroundings, and yet, in
many cases the owners are so appalled at the apparent
magnitude of the work of making these " rough places
plain,1' that they put it off from year to year, until they
finally lose the little courage that they had at first, and
settle down to the idea that the works of nature had better
not be disturbed too much, especially when it calls for
money and hard work to accomplish the object desired.

In many places that are within three miles of some lively
village or growing city, the stone removed from these rough
pieces of pasture land can be sold and teamed for the build-
ing of house cellars, bank walls, and other similar uses,
while, if the stones are large and heavy, they may be used
in the building of bridges and the laying of heavy foun-
dations for large blocks or factories, and the price is gen-
erally from seventy-five cents a perch for the poorest qual-
ity, to $1.50 for the large and heavy stone, of good shape,
for building purposes, the average price in our county being
probably from $1 to $1.25 a perch, for stone suitable for
ordinary house cellars. A perch of stone is, exactly
measured, 24| cubic feet, but is generally reckoned as 25
cubic feet, and will weigh, in squared granite, or large,
solid stone, about two tons^while the ordinary stone as dug
from the ground and laid up, will weigh about 1£ tons to

134

the perch ; and of the latter, 1J to 1^ perch will make a
fair load for a common pair of farm horses, while, if the
horses are very heavy and the road not too hard, a load of
two perch will not be too much, and if the distance is but
two miles from the field to the cellar, four trips will be a
day's work ; if the distance be three miles, three trips will
be sufficient, and to do this, the loading and unloading
must be done quickly, and though the team need not be
hurried in doing it, yet there will be no time for the driver
to stop and tell stories.

There are two kinds of stone known as field stone, the
round cobbles, such as are found in gravelly soil, and have
no face, bed, or build to them, and are almost worthless,
save for paving gutters and drives, or grading, filling
trenches, and the like, and the square-faced, solid, good-
shaped stone, such as are to be found in a heavy, clayey
soil. It is of the latter that I have written, and, although
in places where ledge stone is easily obtained, there will be
encountered a strong prejudice against field stone, growing
out of the idea that they are all like those first described,
while stone from heavy soil will make as strong and sub-
stantial a wall as any ledge stone, and can often be split so
as to make a good finish for exposed portions, or faced with
granite for a finish, either way making the cost much less
than by the use of ledge stone, which costs from $2.25 to
S3 a perch ; and beside this strong reason for the use of
our field stone, is another, that every perch of stone taken
from the field helps to improve the property, and the scenery
of the vicinity of its former location, as well as to add to
the ease and profit of cultivation, while the use of ledge
stone only encourages the digging of an unsightly hole in
the ground.

The best team to use in the clearing of rocky places, is,
undoubtedly, a pair of heavy cattle, either oxen or bulls ;
they are slower, steadier, and stronger than an ordinary
horse team, and there is less danger of loss by accident,
overpulling, or straining ; yet, a heavy pair of horses,

135

weighing from 2400 pounds to 2800 pounds will do very-
good work, if not too high-lived to take to it kindly, and,
perhaps the average farm horse is not given to that fault,
but with a pair of light horses there is altogether too much
jerking and jumping, twitching and backing, to be either
pleasant or profitable for the men who work with them, un-
less it be a very light and easy job.

Strong chains are needed in this work, and can be ob-
tained at lowest cost, at some ship supply store, or rigging
loft in Boston, where heavy, short-linked, second-hand ship
chains can be bought at very low prices, and cut up and
fitted with hooks and rings as may be desired.

A very serviceable stone and bush hook can be made in a
short time, at an expense of seven or eight dollars, by any
handy blacksmith. Take a piece of bar-iron, four feet long,
three inches wide, and one-half inch thick, bend one and
one-half feet at one end into a long, sharp-pointed hook, not
turned under too much, and work the other end down a
little, and put on a four-inch, heavy, iron ring to hitch to.
Then make two similar hooks, with about half the length
of beam, put one of these on each side of the one first de-
scribed, and bolt them all together with two one-half inch
bolts, spreading the points five or six inches from the mid-
dle one, thus making a heavy, three-pronged hook. To
complete it, put on a good stout pair of swivel plough
handles, and support them with iron braces from the back
of the centre beam.

The best team to use on this hook is a pair of heavy
cattle. Horses will do good work with it, but are generally
too quick for comfort, snapping and twitching about too
much, few of them having the weight required for the slow,
steady pulling needed in this kind of work. Rocks as
large as the team can drag off can usually be taken out of
the ground without digging around them ; just shove the
hook down behind the rock, or under a ragged corner of it,
start the team gently, and up she comes. If the first hitch
does not fetch, try again. I have tipped a rock weighing

136

77G0 pounds out of its bed, on to a drag, with this hook,
though it took three pair of cattle to do it. I afterwards
loaded the rock on to a wagon, and teamed it to market
with two horses, having it weighed so as to know just what
we had done.

I once worked steadily for two hours with a pair of 2400
pound mares and a driver, and then stood and counted
eighty stones, as large, and larger, than two men could roll,
besides many smaller ones, and no digging around any of
them, though they were all fast when we started in. It is
quick, exciting, and hard work to hold the hook pulling out
large stones, and I would not advise a man to work at it
more than one or two hours a day, but in that time he could
dig out enough to keep the team busy dragging them off all
the rest of the day. Junipers, alders, huckleberry, and all
such bushes can be turned bottom up with the utmost
promptness and dispatch, and it would make you laugh to
see it done, it seems so quick and easy, and you wonder
why you never thought of such a thing yourself.

The best time for doing this work is when the ground is
wet and soft, it can be done so much easier than in a
dry time when the land is dry and hard. We generally
have the most time for it in early spring, just as the frost
gets out, or after harvest in the fall, when the we&ther is
cool, and we have time to leave the regular work and make
some improvement in our surroundings.

I have been at work at odd times for the past three years,
on a pasture as rough and stony as most any in our county,
save the ledges of the coast, though fortunately veiy few of
the stone are larger than a team can handle without blast-
ing. Some parts of the piece, and in fact a good share of
it, yielded more than 300 perch of stone to the acre, and
though I have a market for them I should hardly have at-
tempted the job without the hook that I have described, for
I believe it has saved more than 8100 worth of work in
these three years, and is now as good as when made ; the
only repairing necessary being to sharpen the points occa-

i$7

sionally and renew the handles when some big stone hap-
pens to roll on to them and break them.

A good drag or stone boat is also very necessary in the
work of reclaiming stony ground, and, after wearing out,
and pulling to pieces a number of the common wooden
ones, I made up my mind to have something better, and
here are directions for making it : Take two pieces of oak
8x4, and thirty inches long for end pieces, and two pieces
of 2 x 3, five feet long for sides ; these are to be bolted to
the bottom with fiat-headed, one-half inch bolts, and the
heads counter-sunk. For the bottom, go to the-boiler shop,
in the city, and get a piece of second-hand, 1-4 inch boiler
plate, 2| x 7 feet ; have a foot at each end turned up in the
rollers ; cut out a half round notch in the middle of each
end, to allow an easy chance to hitch ; punch all the needed
bolt holes for the side and end pieces, and four more about
an inch from the edge of the ends, to fasten on some small
strips of wood, to prevent the sharp edge of the iron cutting
the heels of the team ; bolt a ring to the end piece at both
ends to draw by, and you have a double ender that is but
little heavier than wood, will run as easy, better in most
places, and will last for years. I made such a drag two
years ago, and have pulled, perhaps, 500 perch of stone on
it, some of them weighing nearly or quite four tons each,
and, instead of wearing it out, as it would a wooden one, it
rather seemed to do it good ; it got the bottom well
polished.

If I were to use this drag on snow, or down hill work, I
should put a pole to it, for no matter how heavily it is
loaded it will slide round like a hen on ice, and there seems
to be hardly any limit to what a team can pull on it ; mine
cost about $8, and is one of the best investments I have
ever made. Four to six good steel bars of varied sizes,
will be required if doing a big job of clearing, and if many
of the stone are larger than the teams can easily handle,
an assortment of steel drills will be necessary, and blasting
must be done ; striking hammers will be needed, and a

t3«

heavy breaking hammer of sixteen pounds weight will be
very useful, even on a small job, for many a shaky or brittle
rock can be broken and handled much easier than while
whble, and a few blows of the hammer may often save
drilling. In undertaking any very extensive piece of re-
claiming we shall have to call in the aid of dynamite, which
seems to be the cheapest and most powerful explosive ma-
terial that we can employ.

Dynamite is a mixture of nitro-glycerine with some more
solid material to give body, and varies in strength from
thirty-five to sixty-five per cent., according to the amount of
nitro-glycerine used in the mixture. Five years ago, it cost
from forty cents to sixty cents per pound, but can now be
bought for twenty-four cents or less, for the thirty 'five to
forty per cent., which is the quality generally used, and
these figures show it to be the cheapest explosive that the
farmer can use. Caps cost one and one-half cents each ;
waterproof fuse one cent per foot, and common fuse about
twenty-five cents a hundred feet. It is put up in one-half
pound cartridges, from one inch to one and one-half inches
in diameter, and eight or nine inches long. It is exploded
by percussion, and will only burn if set on fire, making a
very bright light. A heavy percussion cap is used for ex-
ploding the charge, and the cap is attached to a common
fuse, care being taken to have the end of the fuse reach to
the fulminate or white powder in the cap, so that the con-
nection may be good. It can be exploded under water,
and generally gives the best of satisfaction when so used,
as water makes the best of tamping, only it is necessary to
keep the water out of the cap, and to do this, put the cap
on to the end of the fuse, open one end of the cartridge,
make a hole with a small stick, insert the cap and fuse, and
tie the paper lightly round the fuse ; sometimes it may be
well to smear the joint with wheel grease, hard soap, or
something of the kind. One cap in a cartridge will explode
as many cartridges as are placed near it, perhaps within a
foot or two.

Dynamite is dangerous, but less so than gun-powder, for
if a charge refuses to explode, on account of a poor cap or
a slip of the fuse from the cap, it is easy to run down an-
other fuse and cap, and so explode it ; but to drill out an
old charge of powder is very dangerous, and should seldom
be undertaken. When used in a drill hole, it is not nec-
essary to tamp it, as with powder, but just fill the hole with
water, moist sand, or even dirt that is damp enough to pack
and exclude the air.

For ordinary field rocks of one or two tons weight, a one-
inch hole, from six to eight inches deep, under charge of
one-quarter to one-half pound, will generally be all that is
required to break it enough for easy removal, and if the
rock is a little soft or shakey, or has a seam through it, a
cartridge or two underneath will do the work without drill-
ing, and if you have use for such stone without breaking,
no matter how solid they are, they can be thrown out whole
without drilling. Run a bar under the middle of the rock
and close up to it so that there shall be no cushion of mud
between it and the charge, put in one or more cartridges,
according to the size of the rock, run in the fuse, fill in with
dirt, unless it be under water, and fire it, taking care to put
a good distance between yourself and the charge, as the
mud and small stone will fly from one hundred to four hun-
dred feet. Nine times out of ten the desired work will be
well, quickly, and cheaply done.

Five or six years ago I was the only one in my vicinity
who used dynamite, but now there are many who have
found it useful in clearing mowing fields, or reclaiming
rough pastures. At first I thought it necessary to drill al-
most every rock that I wished to remove, but I have since
done a great deal of blasting with no drilling, thus saving
both time and labor. One cartridge will throw out a small
stump if placed under the centre and close to the wood,
while larger ones will require more, though one cartridge
at a time will often do better than two or three at once. I
had one boulder that lay buried about level with the surface

140

of the ground, and mostly under water, which I removed
very easily with three cartridges tied "to a stick and pushed
down beside it in a hole made with a bar; it was kicked
out high and dry, more than a rod from its hole, although
it weighed all of three tons. Another blast of six cartridges,
or three pounds, threw out three tons or more of solid
rock from one corner of a very large boulder, and scattered
it in pieces of all sizes, for a distanee of a hundred feet or
more, and throwing one piece of a ton in weight sixty feet
from its hole.

Dynamite is like many other things, " A good servant,
but a poor master ;" it is altogether too quick tempered to
be allowed to have its own way, and if you have to keep it
on hand, store it away from house or barn, for, though it
may be perfectly safe, if it should explode from any cause,
you could probably get no insurance, even if you were left
to try for it, and do not leave the caps where the children
can find them to play with, as they explode with the noise
of a rifle, and often do severe damage.

One of my neighbor's little children got a cap one even-
ing and a pair of scissors, and went under the table to in-
vestigate its composition, by trying to dig out the fulmin-
ate ; the result was a loud explosion, an extinguished lamp,
a badly frightened family, and a burnt haud. The man of
the house now keeps his explosives in an overturned barrel
beside the pasture wall, and doesn't allow his children to
play in that vicinity.

If there is a good market for stone removed, and the land
is more stony than stumpy, the sales will about pay for
cost of clearing the land, and the improvement of the
property will do very well for profit, and beside, there will
be the constant pleasure of owning and daily viewing a
smooth and productive field where once was a rough and
almost valueless bit of pasture or scrub land ; and again,
the annual returns from the reclaimed lot will be very ac-
ceptable.

Let the members of our grand old Essex County Agri-

141

cultural Society take hold of this work of reclaiming the
odd corners of our farms with renewed vigor, using our
odd time and surplus money, if we are fortunate enough to
have any, in making improvements in our own surroundings
and adding to our own incomes, rather than to speculate in
outside matters, that the farmer had far better let alone.

ESSAY ON ANNUALS AND THEIR CULTIVA-
TION.—Part I.

BY M. B. FAXON, OF SATJGUS.

The success in the cultivation of any flower, fruit or
vegetable is exactly in proportion to the care and labor
bestowed upon the soil for the reception of the seed or
plant. In the Fall, as soon as a few severe frosts have
stripped my flower beds of their beauty, I clear the
surface of the beds and thoroughly trench the soil to the
depth of twelve inches ; eighteen inches would be better,
but my soil does not average over twelve inches, before a
gravelly subsoil is reached. The ground having been
thoroughly loosened, well decomposed barn-yard manure
is applied at the rate of from twenty to twenty-five cords
per acre, and turned under one spade deep. Nothing
more is done until spring, when the ground is again
trenched as before, and a small quantity of some good
chemical fertilizer is spread broadcast, and the surface of
the beds is then raked smooth and fine, and the prepara-
tion of the soil is complete. My largest flower bed is two
hundred feet long by sixteen wide, and faces the south.
At the back of the bed is a high board fence, which
shelters the flowers from the north winds ; at the ends
and front of the bed is an open lath fence, with gates at
convenient distances, and every twenty feet are division
fences six feet high to break the force of east and west
winds. This ample protection from wind renders this

142

bed the best on the place, and I look to it for my best
flowers ; and I wish to emphasize the desirableness of
protection from wind for flower beds.

For the past five or six years I have devoted myself
almost wholly to the cultivation of asters, sweet peas,
pansies and nasturtiums, and tried to grow them to some-
thing like perfection ; and I believe that there is a future
for these flowers that will far exceed the expectations of
their most enthusiastic cultivators. Strictly speaking,
pansies are not annuals, but as they are largely grown as
such let us consider them as annuals.

ASTERS.

It is well to make two plantings of asters — the first
about the first of March and the second the first of
April, in the greenhouse, hot-bed, or window, in shallow
boxes, and as soon as the plants are well up, prick them
out into thumb pots. From this time until they are set
in the open ground where they are to remain, the greatest
care is necessary to keep them from becoming spindling.
" Keep the plants as cool as possible, and still keep them
growing," is my maxim, and if this is done, good stocky
plants will be the result. About the first of May the
plants should be set in the open ground in rows or beds
as the cultivator may prefer, but in either case they
should be set at least two feet apart. If the weather is
dry when they are set they must be watered until they
become thoroughly established. Cultivate often, keeping
the soil loose and free from weeds until the buds begin to
set, when all cultivation must cease. When the plants
are about two-thirds grown they should be tied up to
stakes ; otherwise if a heavy storm should come when
they are in full bloom, the plants will be levelled to the
ground, and the flowers covered with dirt and spoiled.
A bed of asters is in its prime from eight to ten days,
and a grander sight is seldom seen than during this time,
especially before any of the flowers have been cut. Three

143

classes of asters practically include all those generally
grown. These are, first Truffaut's Paeony-flowered Per-
fection ; second, Victoria ; and third Pompon. The
Pseony flowered and Victoria are large asters, the
petals of the former incurving to the centre ; those of
the latter outcurving to the edge. Pompon asters have
small flowers about the size of a half dollar. The differ-
ent classes include the following colors : Pseony-flowered
— snow-white, rose, rose and white, dark rose and white,
light carmine and white, carmine, crimson, dark crimson
and white, purple violet, and violet. Victoria, — white,
white tinted with rose, rose and white, carmine rose-*
crimson and violet. Pompon, — white, white and carmin e
rose, crimson, crimson and white, and violet. These
include all the desirable colors of each class.

SWEET PEAS.

It may be a very broad statement to say, " That the
Sweet Pea is the most desirable annual in cultivation,"
but I have never met anyone who wished to change the
position in which the above statement places this most
popular flower. Its delicate fragrance, beautiful form
and variety of coloring, makes it a favorite with the
florist, while its easy culture and long continuance of
blooming, secures for it a place in every flower garden-
Sweet Peas must be planted as earl}' in the spring as the
ground can be worked. The seed should be sown in
drills and covered at least six inches deep. This may be
done in two ways. Having prepared the ground and
made the drills the desired depth, drop the seed and draw
into the drill earth enough to cover the seed two inches
deep. As soon as the plants appear through this covering
draw in two inches more of earth, and so on until the
drill is filled even with the surface of the ground, or the
seed may be dropped and covered in the usual manner.
The surface of the ground sometimes becomes hard just
as the young plants are about to appear, especially after a

144

shower followed by a hot sun, and unless some means are
taken to prevent this, many of the young plants will not
break through the soil, and no more will be seen of them
than if the seed had not germinated at all ; and those
annoying gaps will appear in the rows. A slight raking
just as the plants are breaking ground will prevent this,
and also kill any small weeds that may have been started.
The only laborious task in the cultivation of sweet peas
is bushing them, and bushed they must be almost as soon
as they are well up. Birch brush, the same as is used for
for tall growing eatable varieties, makes very good bush"
ing. Wire hen netting makes excellent support, and is
very neat. Whatever the vines are trained to must be
firmly secured in position, as the vines when fully grown
will surely be blown down unless strongly supported.
It will be found an excellent plan to place the supports
used in position before the peas are planted ; then sow a
row of seed on each side of the support, which when the
vines are grown will be entirely hidden from view, and a
beautiful wall of flowers will be the result. From the
time that your peas begin to bloom, the flowers must be
picked every day, if you would have them last until
frost ; for if allowed to remain, seed will begin to ripen
and your peas to cease blooming. The following are
standard varieties and should be in every collection :

Painted Lady. A beautiful rose and white.

Crown Princess of Prussia. A delicate light rose.

Scarlet Invincible. Bright scarlet crimson.

White. Pure white.

Purple. Dark purple.

Black Invincible. The darkest variety grown.

The following sorts are of recent introduction, and have
not yet been sufficiently tested to warrant placing them
among standard varieties, although some of them are very
promising :

Princess Beatrice. Beautiful carmine rose, which it
holds until frost ; an early and continuous bloomer, with

145

extra large petals. If this variety continues as good
during the next few seasons, it will doubtless take the
place of the Crown Princess of Prussia, which does not
hold its color as well.

Cardinal. A splendid, robust growing variety, produc-
ing a great profusion of bright, shining, crimson scarlet
ilowers, very distinct and handsome.

Indigo King. The standard of this charming variety
is a dark maroon purple, with clear indigo blue wings.

Princess of Wales. A lovely variety, shaded and
striped with mauve on a white ground in a most pleasing
manner; the flowers are of great substance and perfect
shape.

Vesuvius. A new large-flowered variety ; very fragrant ;
upper petals brilliant rose, shading to a deeper hue, and
spotted carmine : lower petals violet shaded lilac.

Bronze Prince. A magnificent var'ety with well-
formed flowers ; the standard is of a rich, shining, bronzy
maroon, and the wings deep bright purple.

Lottie Eckford. This charming variety is in striking
contrast to the preceding, the standard being white
suffused with purple ; the wings are also white with a
pretty edging of blue.

Butterfly. Pure white ground, delicately laced with
lavender blue.

The above embrace the most desirable of the newer
varieties, although only a few of them. Five new candi-
dates for favor have been added to the list the past sea-
son. They are :

Duchess of Edinburgh. Standard, light scarlet, flushed
with crimson, slightly marbled, or splashed at the edge
with creamy white ; wings deep rose.

Imperial Blue. Wings bright blue, slightly shaded
with mauve ; the standard being rich purple crimson.

Isa Eckford. Beautiful creamy white, heavily suffused
with rosy pink.

Orange Prince. The most distinct variety ever grown ;

146

standard, bright orange pink, flushed with scarlet ; wings
bright rose veined with pink.

The Queen. A very beautiful and pleasing variety;
the light rosy pink standard being in charming contrast
to the wings which are light mauve.

Before leaving this subject I would like to call your
attention to what seems to me to be the " key note" of
successful sweet pea culture which in nine seasons out of
ten will give success. It is short and easily remembered,
" Plant early and plant deep."

THE PANSY.

As we are about to discuss the cultivation of the Pansy
as an annual, the first question that presents itself to our
mind is^ — what strain of seed shall we plant ? and this
question brings up another — what are the properties of a
perfect flower ? Substance of petal is the most important
point ; however perfect may be the form, however beauti-
ful the color, or large the flower ; if it is weak and flimsy
its beauty is destroyed. The petals must be thick and
velvety, a condition which will enable the flowers to keep
well after being gathered.

The second point is form. The petals must be so dis-
posed as to form almost a perfect circle, yet I think the
two upper petals should be a little longer than the others,
so as to just break the circle. The margin must be
smooth and the petals perfectly flat, not turning up at the
edges, which defect spoils a great many flowers otherwise
perfect. The next requirement which demands our atten-
tion relates to color ; whatever the color it should be
clear and pure, with the eye large and distinct. Lastly
comes size ; of course it is desirable to have good sized
flowers, but size is the least important point of a good
Pansy. I believe judges usually adopt the following scale
of points ; form, four points ; substance, three ; color,
two ; and size, one ; if I vrere to attempt to improve this

147

scale, I should say, give to substance four points or
perhaps even five, and let us have some good, heavy,
velvety Pansies. Referring to ray diary I find March
10th has been the average date for planting pansy seed,
and May 20th for setting the plants in the open ground.
The young plants are treated in the same manner as the
asters, and are transplanted into beds as soon as the
ground becomes dry and warm. The beds are prepared
for the reception of these plants as previously described ;
except that thoroughly rotted cow manure, is the only
manure used ; horse manure should be avoided. Set the
plants two feet apart each way, and water thoroughly
in dry weather. Almost as soon as the plants have
become established in their new position, they will begin
to bloom ; and, unless they are closely watched and all
the buds are pinched off as they form, the plants will
exhaust themselves in producing a few very inferior
flowers, and grow very spindlingly. From the day that
the plants are transplanted into the open ground the beds
should be examined every morning ; every visible bud
should be pinched off, and every long shoot shortened ;
the object in view being to obtain large stocky plants full
of vitality. If this matter is attended to regularly it will
only take a few minutes each day ; but if neglected even
for a day, and the day be a warm one, some of the plants
will be sure to flower, which will weaken them and partly
undo our previous work. If the plants are thus kept
from flowering until cool weather and then allowed to
bloom, the flowers will be of good substance and large
size. I do not wish this to be taken as implying that I
ever consider the size of the flowers in any different light
than as mentioned in my scale of points ; but this keep-
ing back process will make large and at the same time
heavy and velvety flowers. After the first of September
the flowers of almost all other annuals begin to grow
poor, and the first frost practically ends their flowering.
But the Pansy seems rather to improve than otherwise by

148

any frost that we usually have in September; and it is
from the first of that month until into October that a bed
of pansies grown as described is in its prime ; a time
when flowers of all kinds are becoming scarce. Last Fall
after every other flower in my garden had been spoiled
by frost, my pansy bed remained for a month in full
bloom and covered with the most beautiful flowers.

THE TROP2EOLUM.

Of this extensive genus, — including, with hardy annuals,
also greenhouse and- herbaceous perennials, — three of the
annual varieties chiefly attract our attention ; these are : —

TropcEolum major (Tall Nasturtium). A well known
running species, much used for covering trellises and rustic
work.

Tropceolum minor (Dwarf Nasturtium). A dwarf spe-
cies, growing from one foot to fifteen inches in height, and
one of the most useful flowers we have ; for its compact
growth and rich colored blossoms renders it an excellent
bedding plant.

Tropceolum lobbianum. — A running species, which may
be grown on a trellis, or as a dwarf if the ends of the vines
are closely pinched off, otherwise it will cover unnecessary
space. The flowers are smaller and more cup-shaped than
those of the two preceding species, and are of very brilliant
colors. As regards the culture of the Tropseolurn I have
hardly anything to say, it is so easily grown. All that
seems necessary is to plant the seed in good rich soil, see
that the plants have plenty of room in which to grow, and
keep the soil thoroughly stirred.

( To be continued.')

149

ESSAY ON CRANBERRY CULTURE ON CAPE

COD.

BY O. 8. BtrTLER, OF GEORGETOWN.

I have given my subject the above title from the fact
that the information gained, and which I shall endeavor
to communicate in regard to the cultivation of the cran-
berry, was derived from frequent visits to the cranberry
bogs of the cape, the last visit being made in 1886, at
which time I visited, more than two hundred separate bogs,
ranging in extent from one-third of an acre to one hun-
dred and fifty acres. The largest one I saw was located
in the town of Duxbury, Mass. This bog was owned and
worked by a corporation, and when I was there they had
a large force of men employed in enlarging their bogs.

It may be of interest to know that the cultivation of
the cranberry on Cape Cod commenced nearly fifty years
ago. The first that we know of its cultivation was in the
town of Harwich, by a man by the name of Hiram Hall,
and this same town of Harwich still bears the palm among
the cape towns both in the extent and value of the cran-
berry culture and crop, and from the small beginnings of
fifty }rears ago up to the present time, the business has
made a rapid growth, and at present stands at the head of
all other industries on the cape. I have it from the best
authority that the sale of cranberries has brought more
money on the cape during the last forty years than all
other home industries combined. One beautiful feature
in regard to this great increase of revenue is that it is dis-
tributed among all classes of the people. Almost even-
poor man that owns a little homestead has his cranberry
bog, although it may be very small, and it is a business
that can be carried on by women and children, after the
bogs have been prepared, just as well as by men. I found
many a poor woman that received an annual income from
a small cranberry bog of from one hundred to three hun-
dred dollars, with but very little expense for hired labor.

150

And what has been clone on the cape can be done in Es-
sex county. We have a large extent of meadow land
that is nearly worthless now, that might be put under
cultivation for the cranberry crop, and many of our old
meadows give unmistakable evidence of their adaptation
naturally for this crop, by constantly sending forth fine
specimens of the natural vine and berry without the aid
of cultivation.

But our farmers will ask, what kind of land is best
adapted to the cultivation of the cranberry ? We should
answer by saying not the sandy shores of bays and gulfs
or seas. Very many persons have supposed that the rea-
son why the cape cranberries were so beautiful in form
and color was because they were grown on the seashore
among the salt sea sand. This theory is entirely errone-
ous. The experiment has often been tried to grow the
cranberry among the sands of the seashore, not only on
Cape Cod but in our own county, on the sandy beaches
of Plum Island, but without success. Dr. Mumford, who
tried the experiment on Plum Island, succeeded, after
several years of careful study and labor and quite an ex-
pense, in raising six or seven perfect cranberries, and then
abandoned the business altogether.

Others have supposed that the cranberry could be cul-
tivated successfully upon high lands especially if these
lands had moist, springy surfaces, but we do not know of
a successful experiment on these lands. The nearest
approximation to success that has come under my own
observation is that of the late Gorham Brackett, of Ips-
wich, Mass.

The best lands adapted to the cultivation of the cran-
berry are the low swamp lands that abound not only on
the cape but here in Essex county. Most of the cran-
berry bogs of the cape are made on the bottoms of the old
cedar swamps where they can be easily flowed with water
at all seasons of the year. We have seen several very
fine cranberry bogs on lands that could not be flowed

i5i

with water, but occasionally there will be an entire fail-
ure of the crop either from insects or the late or early
frosts, that might have been prevented by the flowage of
water at the right time.

The methods of flowage are various. The natural flow-
age is the cheapest and best, if your bog is so situated
that you can have your water under perfect control, so
that you can let it on and off the bog at your discretion.

Artificial flowage is more expensive, but is more easily
controlled. Very many of the smaller bogs on the cape
are flowed from a reservoir constructed in" the ground
above the level of the bog, so that the water will flow on
the bog from its own force when the gate is opened.
These reservoirs are filled with water from wells dug for
the purpose, the water being lifted by windmills, which
are very common on the cape, more so than in any section
of the country I have visited.

The advantages of flowing the bogs with water are
many, the first of which is the protection given to the
young berries from the late spring frosts, and the mature
berries from the eai'ly frosts in the fall. A very shallow
surface of water will protect the berries entirely from the
frost, and not unfrequently a flowage of one night, or two
at most, will save the entire crop, worth perhaps thou-
sands of dollars.

Another advantage of flowing is the protection you can
give to the berries from the ravages of the insects that
prey upon them, sometimes destroying an entire crop
after the fruit is fully grown. The principal one of these
insects, and the one most destructive, is the miller or lly
that deposits her eggs in the full grown berry by pene-
trating the surface of the berry, and leaving the eggs to
germinate a small worm that in a few days' time consumes
the centre of the fruit, leaving the surface round and fair
and of a dark rich purple color, but renders the fruit en-
tirely worthless, and the only remedy for this evil is found
in flowing the bogs for one or two days when the miller

<52

first makes her appearance, and then the danger is past
for this insect makes but one visit a year.

Another question of importance is, what kind of plants
shall we set, and what berries shall we grow for profit ?
There are two kinds of berries that are extensively grown
on the cape. The bell berry is the best formed, the rich-
est in color, and the finest in flavor, and will take the lead
in any of the markets of the world, but it requires great
care in its cultivation, and is not so prolific a bearer as
some other kinds. The earty black berry is an excellent
variety. It does not grow so large as the bell berry, and
is not so well formed, but is a sure grower and a prolific
cropper, and I should think it was cultivated more largely
than any other variety on the cape. There are other
varieties that have obtained favorable notoriety in some
sections.

The methods of preparing the lands are of very great
importance.

The swamps and bogs are cleared of all trees and
stumps so that the surface can be made as level and
smooth as a floor. This is usually done in the winter
when the swamps are partially frozen, and when labor is
much cheaper than at other seasons of the year. Then
this surface is covered over with sand to the depth of
twelve or eighteen inches. The kind of sand used de-
pends on the means of obtaining it. If convenient and
easy of access, the shore sand is preferable. Coarse sand
is preferable to fine. Good coarse sand is often found in
the hills near the bogs, which renders the cost of trans-
porting it much less than when it has to be brought from
the distant seashore. When the bog is fully prepared,
then the surface is marked off in rows from twelve to
eighteen inches apart ; the plants are then set in their
places by the use of a sharp pointed stick, which is used
to make the hole in the ground. The plants are then
inserted and filled around with sand, and the work of
planting is done. The plants are prepared for setting by

*53

passing through an old style hay cutter with the knife
moving up and down, cutting the plants into the desired
length, say about four to six inches long. After the
plants are set (which is usually done in the spring of the
year) they need to be thoroughly cultivated, and kept
entirely clear from all weeds and grass, until the vines
entirely cover the ground, which takes ordinarily from
two to three years. After that, there is nothing more to
do but gather your crop, unless you wish to increase your
crop or raise your bog to the highest standard of produc-
tiveness. If so, you will need to cover the .vines with
sand about one inch deep as often as once in every five
or six years. This will give new life to the plants, and
greatly increase their productiveness. But I have seen
several bogs that had not been dressed or cultivated for
more than twenty-five years, that gave very abundant
crops, but these bogs had an underhvyer of muck, more
than ten feet deep and very rich.

The cost of preparing these bogs varies in different
localities according to the price of labor. On Cape Cod
the cost of preparing their bogs is about two hundred
dollars an acre. This includes the clearing of swamps,
the covering it with sand and the setting of the plants.
I have visited bogs that cost three hundred dollars an
acre where the sand was brought from a distance, but
these bogs usually pay for their cost in from three to five
years. The more cautious of our farmers will ask, "where
could we sell the berries if everybody went into the busi-
ness? " We answer, there is no danger of everybod}^ going
into the business at present, and then we should remem-
ber that the markets of the world are open to' us. In
many countries of the world the cranberry is entirely
unknown. Ten years ago the cranberry was not known
on the tables, even of the better classes, in the great city
of London, as a table luxury, and then we are assured by
the best medical authority, that the cranberry contains the
best vegetable acid known to science, and as soon as some

154

enterprising American shall start the business of canning
the cranberry in its crude natural state, a market will be
opened up for this fruit in all the armies and navies of
the world, and all the hospitals and asylums of the world
will adopt their use. The demand for this fruit will in-
crease with the supply, and when put up in a form to
withstand the changes of climate and conditions, for an
indefinite period of time, it can never become a drug in
any market of the world, and where the average yield
amounts to from two hundred to ten hundred dollars an
acre, there must be a large margin of profit.

In closing, I would repeat what I said at the beginning,
that Essex county is as well adapted to the cranberry
culture as Barnstable county, and we have thousands of
acres of meadow and swamp lands that are almost entirely
useless, that might be converted into cranberry bogs, and
under proper cultivation become the most profitable lands
on our farms. The town of Topsfield has a hundred acres
of this land, Middleton has more than that, and there is
hardly a town in the county that has not more or less of
this almost useless land.

We hope to see a more thorough investigation of this
branch of agricultural industry in our own county, and
would express the hope that the trustees of the Essex
Agricultural Society may see their way clear to offer a
large premium for the best cranberry bog that shall be
made and cultivated during the next five years, said bog
to consist of not less than one half acre.

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON ESSAYS,
REPORTS AND STATEMENTS.

The Committee to whom was assigned the duty of award-
ing premiums for Essays, Reports, and Statements, are glad
to be able to say that the papers handed to them this year
are unusually good, both as respects their contents and the

155

way in which the respective subjects are presented. The
committee have no difficulty in awarding premiums for such
essays as these, except the hesitation in discriminating be-
tween papers so acceptable to the Society, and deserving,
each of them, more than the committee are authorized to
award.

They have determined upon the following premiums :

For Essays :

First premium of $lo to Charles W. Mann, of Methuen,
for essay on " Reclaiming Rocky Pastures."

Second premium of $10 to M. B. Faxon, of Saugus, for
essay on " Annuals and their Cultivation." This essay is
incomplete, and is to be concluded next year, the award
being made with this understanding.

Third premium of $8 to 0. S. Butler, of Georgetown, for
essay upon " Cranberry Culture on Cape Cod."
For Reports :

First premium of $10 to C. C. Blunt, of Andover, for
report on Cranberries.

Second premium of $8 to Francis H. Appleton, of Pea-
body, for report upon Ornamental Trees.

Third premium of $6 to J. J. H. Gregory, of Marble-
head, fo*r report upon Agricultural Implements.

The committee regret that they have not the means of
awarding some compensation to Rufus Kimball, of Lynn,
for his excellent report upon " Grain and Seed,'' and they
would recommend that he be granted the sum of $6, as a
complimentary award.

In passing upon the merits of essays upon agricultural
subjects the committee consider that the best papers are
those which present the newest facts derived from personal
experience and stated in a concise and perspicuous manner.
They do not insist upon literary merit, but merely demand
that the writer shall have something to say which is worth
saying, and shall do it in an intelligible style. In this con-
nection they call attention to Mr. Mann's essay upon
methods of clearing up rocky pastures. This is a matter of

>5<>

considerable importance in Essex County, and Mr. Mann
seems to have used some simple and ingenious mechanical
devices which are well worth knowing about. His remarks
upon the uses of dynamite are especially interesting, as this
is a new agent for this purpose, and according to Mr.
Mann's statement is at once cheap and efficient.

The essay of Mr. Faxon upon the Cultivation of Annuals
will interest farmers' wives and daughters, and contains
specific information about the best methods of planting and
growing, derived from a large and successful practice.
The cultivation of flowers not only gratifies a taste for the
beautiful but also for the useful, and of late years has be-
come a source of profit to thousands of cultivators. Flori-
culture is an established industry.

Mr. Butler, in his essay on the cranberry, tells how this
fruit is cultivated on Cape Cod, and urges that there are
many localities in Essex county where it might be grown
with equal advantage. The topic is recognized as one of
general importance. We think it would be well for some
one to gather information upon the point whether the cran-
berry can be profitably grown upon our Essex county mead-
ows as generally as is supposed. In some instances when
tried in localities apparently suitable it has failed, and it
would be well to know what are the precise limitations to
its easy culture.

The several reports are very good, and also most of those
which the committee are unable to recognize for want of
the necessary fuuds.

Mr. Blunt discusses very intelligently the cranberry
question. Mr. Appleton deals with a subject of growing
interest and importance, that of ornamental and shade
trees, which he discusses with familiar knowledge. Mr.
Gregory, whose large practical experience is so well known,
contributes a great deal of useful information concerning
agricultural implements. And so of other reports in this
number of the Transactions. There are many that deserve
commendation, and the committee believe that the present

157

volume will be considered one of the best that has been
issued.

For the committee,

Gilbert L. Stbeetee, Chairman.
G. L. Streeter, Daniel E. Safford, Nathan M. Hawkes,
David W. Low, — Committee.

IN MEMORIAM.

Seldom, if ever, has the Essex Agricultural Society been
called to mourn the loss of any member whose services
have been so closely connected with its success, so much
respected and beloved, as that of Charles P. Preston, of
Danvers, who died Oct. 27, 1887. He was elected secre-
tary for twenty- rive successive years, and until his failing
health compelled him to decline further service. The
annual edition of the society's transactions, published
under his careful supervision, has gained for him and the
society an enviable reputation in the cause of Agriculture,
second to no other in Massachusetts. He was a successful
farmer, managing the farm of his father and grandfather
before him, with much care, and keeping fully up with the
progress of the age. His sound judgment and honesty of
purpose was appreciated by the community, therefore, he
was elected a member of the legislature, and of the board
of County Commissioners ; was appointed a trustee of the
Danvers Asylum when it was first established by legislative
act, and in his public positions contributed to the public
welfare much that his experience and practical knowledge
enabled him to render as but few could.

At a meeting of the Trustees of the Society, held at
Salem, Nov. 14th, the following resolutions were unani-
mously adopted :

158

Resolved: That, by the recent death of Charles P. Preston, the
Essex Agricultural Society has lost one of its best friends, he having
faithfully and efficiently served as its secretary for twenty-live suc-
cessive years, and was at all times an able supporterjof^its best in-
terests. Always prompt and honest in the performance of his duties
as an officer of this Society, and as a citizen. A born farmer, he has
made the cause of Agriculture an aid to progress. As a genial,
social companion he was loved and respected by all of his associates.

Resolved: That the Secretary furnish the family of the deceased
with a copy of these resolutions, and that they be printed in the
Transactions of the Society.

Nathan W. Hazen, of Andover, died March 19, 1887,
aged 87 years. " He was born in Bridgeton, Maine. Ad-
mitted to the Massachusetts Bar in 1829, discontinued
practice in 1865, and was its oldest member in years, at
death. He served in the Massachusetts Senate in 1856,
and for several years as President of the Merrimac Mutual
Fire Insurance Company. He was a man of quiet benevo-
lence, a loyal friend and a good neighbor." He served
this Society on the " Committee on Essays and Farm Ac-
counts," in 1852, he then being a member.

George Gutterson, of Andover, died April 16, 1887.
" He was a very worthy citizen, and took a great interest
in this Society, serving in 1878, when he first became a
member, on the " Committee on Small Fruits." He was a
very successful small fruit grower, and was authority on
strawberry culture.

Eichard P. Waters, of Beverly, died May 19, 1887,
aged almost 80 years. He was the first United States
Consul at Zanzibar, Coast of Africa, and remained there
more than ten years. He purchased Cherry Hill Farm, in
Beverly, in 1846, when he became a member of this Society,
and greatly interested in its work, active on its committees,
and served as Trustee nine years, 1848-1856.

John Pickett, of Beverly, died Dec. 3, 1887, aged 80
years. He represented his town two years in the Legis-
lature, and was a Selectman four years, and Assessor as
long ago as 1838. He was actively engaged in business up
to the day of his death. He joined the Society this year.

159

Warren Ordway, of Bradford, aged 77 years, died May
10, 1887. He was born in West Newbury, May 19, 1810,
and learned the trade of carriage maker, but pursued it a
brief time. In 1836 he moved to Bradford, and entered
into business in Haverhill, where, as a business man, he
took high rank, and retired with success, in 1877. He was
an officer in banks in that vicinity, and in 1860 represented
the town of Bradford in the legislature, and has served the
town on its school committee. When the Bradford Far-
mers' Club was organized he was its first president, and
one of its most active supporters.

He was Trustee of this Society in 1856 and 1866, and
from 1869 to 1872 inclusive, and was one of its Vice Presi-
dents in 1875 and 1876. In agriculture he took a lively
interest, which was a growing feeling with his advancing
years, and as a citizen he was energetic, public-spirited, and
progressive. In July, 1881, Mr. and Mrs. Ordway cele-
brated their 50th wedding (" golden ") anniversary. His
widow, with three of seven children, survive him.

John C. Phillips, of Boston, "died March 1, 1884 (his
death not heretofore noticed). He was a graduate of Har-
vard College in 1858, and for many years an active mer-
chant in New York. In 1878 he bought a large tract of
land on the shores of Wenham Lake, and afterwards made
it his summer home, planting many thousand trees, native
and foreign. He was much interested in farming, and in a
short time the barren pastures were made to yield good
crops of grain. He took great pride in his stock, and
several times sent cows and other animals to the county
fair." He became a member in 1880.

George Faxon, of Dan vers, died April 18, 1887, aged
48. He was engaged in the shoe business at different
times in Danvers, Lynn and New York. At the time of
death he was a travelling salesman of canned goods. He
became a member in 1875.

Joshua Silvester, of Danvers, died July 29, 1887,
aged 84 years, 21 days. Born in Wiscasset, Me., in 1803,

i6o

he moved with his parents to Andover, Mass., in 1806,
and grew to manhood working at farming and shoe mak-
ing until 25 years of age, when he became a shoe manu-
facturer and was connected with the shoe business until
1867, when he retired. He went to England several
times and there became acquainted with George Peabody,
Esq., and was afterwards named by him as a life trustee
of the Peabody Institute. " The Danvers Mirror," after
a long notice of his death, says, " Many have died richer,
but none more thoroughly respected. No man will be
more missed and none will be longer remembered. His
monument is everywhere where the numberless trees
which he was instrumental in setting out are growing
yearly more and more beautiful. In them he has left a
precious legacy to us and future generations which no
money can buy. It was the great pleasure of his declin-
ing years to have seen the development of these noble
trees from the bare sticks which he had placed in the
ground.'' He joined the Society more than thirty years
ago.

Charles P. Preston, of Danvers, whose death has
been previously noticed at the head of this memoriam,
became a member in 1819, serving -on committees after-
wards. Elected trustee in 1856, and serving four years
until elected Secretary, which position he filled for a
quarter of a century.

John Atkinson, of Gloucester, died Feb. 21, 1887,
aged 83 yrs., 9 mos., 8 days. He was a wheelwright by
trade ; of business integrity and exemplary character,
possessing such a disposition as made him a favorite Avith
all who knew him. He was a member of the Cape Ann
Horticultural Society from its organization, and was
interested in small fruit culture. He became a member
of this society in 1872.

Epes W. Merchant, of Gloucester, died June 14,
1887, aged 83 years, 24 days. " In his early life he fol-
lowed the fisheries, which he left on arriving of age to

i6i

engage in the fishing business with his father, and for
many years the firm of Epes Merchant & Son was one of
the best known establishments of the old town. Mr.
Merchant was a director in the Gloucester National Bank
for thirty-eight and one-half years and President from
1871 to time of death. He was connected with the
Cape Ann Savings Bank for many years as Trustee, was
one of the incorporators and President of Oak Grove
Cemetery Association from 1855 ; director of the
Gloucester Fishermen's and Seamen's Widows' and
Orphans' Association ; and served upon the Town Hall
building committee in 1869, and a member of the Board
of Aldermen in 1874. He also served as captain under
the old militia law. He was a man of methodical habits,
conservative views, of generous instincts and unimpeach-
able integrity." He became a member in 1872.

Moody S. Dole, of Georgetown, who died March 10,
1887, was twenty-five years ago an active member of
this society and was noted for his skill as a ploughman,
taking premiums for a number of years. He became a
member in 1855.

Samuel Hunt, of Ipswich, died March 9, 1887, aged
73 years. He was an overseer in the Hosiery Mills in
that town and joined this society about fifteen years ago.

Nathan W. Harmon, of Lawrence, died Sept. 16,
1887, aged 74 years, 8 months. He served this Society
in 1851 on Committee of Essays and Reports and as
Trustee in 1852, '53 and '54. He became a member in
1849. He was always interested in the public schools of
his city. Served one term as Senator in the General
Court. Was Assistant Assessor of Internal Revenue,
and for the last ten years of his life Judge of the Police
Court in Lawrence.

Henry A. Breed, perhaps the oldest member of the

Essex Agricultural Society, was born in 1798 and died in

1887. He was engaged in many enterprises, including

the great " Eastern Land Speculation," by which he lost

162

1200,000, and in the building of stores, plank walks,
wharves and canals in the early days of the California
gold excitement, being one of the early operators in that
State. He was one of the original members of the Mass.
Horticultural Society, of which he was almost the sole
survivor at the time of his decease. He was a man of
remarkable health and vigor, and presided at the meeting
of the Lynn members of the Society at the election of a
Trustee in 1886."

Edward S. Davis, of Lynn, who died in Lynn during
the past year, "was born in the same place June 22, 1808
He was long a member of the Essex Agricultural Society,
joining it in 1836 and serving for many years, afterwards on
its committees, and taking a lively interest in its proceed
ings. He was a member of the House of Representa-
tives in 1839, President of the Common Council in 1852,
'53, '56 and '57, and Mayor of the city in 1859 and 1860.
During a long period he held important official positions
in St. Stephens (Episcopal) church in Lynn, and did
more than any other person in the establishment and
maintenance of that organization. Mr. Davis was a gen-
tleman universally respected for his sterling qualities."

John Nutting, of Marblehead, died Dec. 6, 1887, aged
63 years. He became a member in 1860. He was a grad-
uate of the State Normal School at Bridgewater and for
ten years was principal of the Story Grammar school in
Marblehead, beginning about 1852, and was a kind and
faithful teacher. In 1869, Mr. Nutting served as Secre-
tary of Board of Selectmen, during illness of Town
Clerk, and has filled other positions of trust. For thirty-
five years he was a member of the North Street church
choir. He had an illness lasting over eleven years, during
which, motion, sight, hearing, speech, one after the other
became impaired until life became a blank. He was a
shoe manufacturer at the time he was stricken with
disease.

163

Wm. F. Goodrich, of Newbury, died April 27, 1887, at
the age of 54. He was both farmer and trader in early
life. Twenty or more years ago he purchased the Moody
Farm, so called, near the Byfield Factory, and there lived
and died. He joined this Society in 1865.

Isaac H. Boardman, of Newburyport, died July 10,
1887, age 77 years, was one of her wealthiest and most
honored citizens. Early fatherless, he was called to the
active duties of life in his very boyhood to assist a widowed
mother in the support of her family ; and once in the battle
of this busy world, he has been unremitting in its duties,
cares and labors, till the conflict is now ended. For forty
years he was interested in the fisheries, especially the
Labrador Cod fishery, sending the last one in 1880, having
declined from seventy sail to that one. As the fisheries
receded he became interested in freighting ships, chiefly
cotton carriers, for which Newburyport was famous. Thus
he passed from the smaller to the greater in his enterprises
as he did in his personal influence, character and the
esteem of his fellow men.

He was an officer of the town, and when a city served it
in 1851 and 1852 in its councils; in 1853 as an aldermen,
and in 1863 as Mayor, declining re-election. He served in
the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1842, 1844
and 1852, and in the Senate in 1855, and held important
offices in prominent financial and charitable institutions
and was very patriotic in his feelings toward his town, his
state and his country.

Charles Dole, of Rowley, who became a member in
1871, died during the past year.

Volney C. Stowe died in Salem, Oct. 26, 1887, from
heart disease, at the age of 74 years. He was well known
in Salem from his long connection with the bakery busi-
ness, and the service rendered as a member of the city
government. Mr. Stowe was a member of the Common
Council in 1848, '54, '55, '57, '70, '71 and '72, and of the
Board of Aldermen in '75 and '76. He was also an over-
seer of the Poor and in the Fire Department.

164

He was an active, useful and efficient citizen. Of late
years he has been retired and lived quietly at his home on
Essex street. He received a premium from this society as
long ago as 1851 for Milch Cow.

T. O. W. Houghton, of Saugus, died Feb. 15, 1887, aged
52 years. He was employed for many years in a snuff
factory. He was interested in the keeping of a herd of
Milch Cows for a milk dairy. He served one year as
a Trustee of this society.

Ben : Perley Poore, of West Newbury. Born in 1820,
died May 29, 1887. He joined our society in 1848. De-
livered its annual address in 1856, and in 1858 was one of
its trustees.

He was always an active industrious worker for the best
interests of this society, and always took a lively interest
in its agricultural, literary and social success, as his fre-
quent and successful exhibits on his farm (at Indian Hill
which his ancestor bought in 1650 by lawful purchase from
" Great Tom Indian") and at our Cattle Shows and Fairs,
and his valuable essays, statements and reports published
in our transactions, and his cheery face and voice, in his
witty, entertaining and instructive speeches at many of our
annual dinners, can all testify.

Major Poore was of patriotic and military ancestry, and
with such blood tingling in his veins, no wonder that from
boyhood to age he was full of military ardor ; his martial
and scholarly elements alternated in him, or blended har-
moniously in patriotic literary labor, when his telegrams
were as effective as bullets on the battlefield. His pen was
certainly mightier than the sword. His services also to his
country, state and county, in literary works, have been
invaluable.

His pet grove of forest trees gained from the Massachu-
setts society for the Promotion of Agriculture a premium of
$1000, which had been offered for the best growth of forest
trees within ten years from tbe time of planting. It con-
sists of twenty acres of oak, chestnut, hickory, locust, fir,
and pine. Every tree was planted with his own hand.

i6s

With exception of Mr. Preston, no member has rendered
such valuable service to this society as Major Poore or will
be missed more at our annual gatherings.

S. BROCKLEBANK,#of Rumney, N. H., your committee
was informed, died during the past year. He appeared
on the list of members in Georgetown in 1855.

Wilson Flagg, of Cambridge, another non-resident mem-
ber, the committee were informed was dead.

It will be seen that the larger part of the members who
have gone from us the past year have been men far ad-
vanced in life, and have held important positions which
they filled with honor and credit.

This Society tenders to the relatives and friends of its
deceased members their sympathy with them in our mutual
loss.

Benjamin P. Ware, David W. Low — Committee.

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List of Premiums Awarded in 1887.

FAT CATTLE.

Henry Gardner, Peabody, for oxen, first premium, $10 00
B. H. Farnum, North Andover, for oxen, second pre-
mium, 8 00
Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for fat cow, first premium, 8 00

BULLS.

John Swinerton, Danvers, for Ayrshire bull, -first

premium, 10 00

D. A. Massey, Danvers, for Ayrshire bull, second

premium, o 00

Isaac C. Wyman, Salem, for Jersey bull, first pre-
mium, 10 00

John J. Gould, Ipswich, for Jersey bull calf, first

premium, 2 00

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for Holstein bull, first

premium, 10 00

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for yearling Holstein

bull, first premium, 5 00

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for Holstein bull calf,

first premium, 2 00

milch cows.

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for best Milch cow, first

premium, 15 00

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for Milch cow, first pre-
mium, 10 00

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for Milch cow, second

premium, 4 00

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for Milch cow, first pre-
mium, 10 00

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for Milch cow, second

premium, 4 00

HERD OF MILCH COWS.

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for Herd of Milch cows,

first premium, 18 00

1 68

HEIFERS FIRST CLASS.

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for Holstein Milch heifef,
first premium,

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for Holstein Milch heifer,
second premium,

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for Holstein heifer, first
premium,

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for Holstein heifer, sec-
ond premium.

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for Holstein yearling,
first premium,

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for Holstein calf, first
premium,

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for Holstein calf, second
premium,

D. A. Massey, Dan vers, for Ayrshire heifer, first pre-
mium,

D. A. Massey, Danvers, for Ayrshire calf, first pre-
mium,

D. A. Massey, Danvers, for Ayrshire calf, second pre-
mium,

W. S. Dickson, Salem, for Jersey calf, first premium,

HEIFERS SECOND CLASS.

James P. Codey, Peabody, for Milch Grade Jersey,

first premium, 10 00

Timothy O'Keefe, Peabody, for Milch Grade Jersey

and Ayrshire, second premium, 4 00

John Barker, North Andover, for 2 year old Grade

Holsteins, first premium. 4 00

J. A. Jones, Lynn, for 2 year old Jersey and Ayr-
shire, second premium, 3 00

Daniel G. Tenney, Newbury, for one year old Grade

Jersey, first premium, 4 00

City Farm, Salem, for one year old Grade Holstein,

second premium, 3 00

Jenkin M. Emerson, Middleton, for heifer calf, first
premium,

Stephen Blaney, Peabody, for twin calf, second pre-
mium,

10 00

4 00

3 00

4 00

3 00

10 00

4 00

3 00

4 00

4 00
3 00

169

Working oxen and steers.

Lyman Wilkins, Middleton, for working oxen, first
premium,

George P. Wilkins, Middleton, for working oxen, sec-
ond premium,

Win, P. Christopher, Middleton, for working oxen,
third premium,

B. H, Parnuin, North Andover, for working steers,

TOWN TEAMS.

Middleton town team, first premium, 20 00

STEERS.

B. W. Parnum, North Andover, for steer calves, first

premium, 4 00

STALLIONS—FIRST CLASS.

H. H. Hale, Bradford, for 4 year old Percheron stal-
lion, first premium, 10 00

John Parkhurst, Boxford, for 3 year old Grade Per-
cheron stallion, first premium, 8 00

STALLIONS—SECOND CLASS.

John P. Conant, Wenham, for 4 year old stallion for

driving horses, first premium, 10 00

John Plye, Saugus, for 8 year old stallion, second

premium, 6 00

John Looney, Salem, for 4 year old stallion, gratuity, 8 00

BROOD MARES.

Abbott & Reynolds, Salem, for mare and foal, first

premium, 10 00

Michael Looney, Salem, for mare and foal, second

premium, 6 00

Edwin Bates, Lynn, for mare and foal, third premium, 4 00

GENTLEMEN'S DRIVING HORSES.

H. H. Hale, Bradford, for black mare, first premium, 10 00
Dr. W. A. Gorton, Danvers, for bay mare, second pre-
mium, 6 00
D. J. Tenney, Newbury, for chestnut gelding, 4 00

10 00

8 00

4 00

12 00

8 00

4 00

170

FARM HORSES.

F. 0. Kimball, Dauvers, farm horse, first premium,
M. H. Poor, West. Newbury, farm horse, second pre-
mium,

B. H. Farnum, No. Andover, farm horse, third pre-

mium,

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES.

A. F. Lee, Beverly, first premium,

Peter Holt, Jr., North Andover, second premium,

C. N. Maguire, Newbury port, third premium,

DRAFT COLTS FIRST CLASS.

H. H. Hale, Bradford, first premium, 10 00

COLTS FOR DRAFT — SECOND CLASS.

James Kinnear, Ipswich, 2 year old colt, first pre-
mium, 10 00

James J. Abbott, Andover, 2 year old colt, second

premium, 6 00

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES — FIRST CLASS.

Eben S. Keyes, Rowley, for 4 year old colt, first pre-
mium,

0. A. Blackinton, Rowley, for 4 year old colt, second
premium,

Daniel G. Tenney, Newbury, for 4 year old colt, third
premium,

L. S. Morrison, Danvers, for 3 year old colt, first pre-
mium,

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for 3 year old colt, sec-
ond premium,

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES — SECOND CLASS.

H. H. Hale, Bradford, for two year old colt, first
premium,

Edwin Bates, Lynn, for two year old colt, second pre-
mium,

Charles Sanders, Salem, for yearling stallion, first
premium,

D. G. Tenney, Newbury, for yearling colt, second

premium,

10 00

6 00

4 00

8 00

5 00

6 00

4 00

6 00

4 00

17*

SWINE — FIRST CLASS.

Elizabeth Saunders, W. Peabody, for breeding sow,

second premium, 5 00

Eobert G. Buxton, Peabody, for Chester White

breeding sow, second premium, 5 00

Samuel P. Buxton, Peabody, for Yorkshire breeding

sow, 5 00

SWINE SECOND CLASS.

Munroe Brothers, Lynnfield, for Yorkshire boar, first

premium,
Robert G-. Buxton, Peabody, for Yorkshire sow, first

premium,
Robert G. Buxton, Peabody, for Yorkshire breeding

sow, second premium,

SHEEP.

R. S. Brown, Peabody, for Shropshire buck,

PLOUGHING WITH DOUBLE TEAM.

B. H. Farnum, North Andover, first premium,

PLOUGHING WITH SINGLE TEAM.

Washington Winslow, Hamilton, with one yoke oxenj

first premium, 10 00

PLOUGHING WITH HORSES.

Moses H. Poor, West Newbury, first premium, 10 00

W. M. Bent, Danvers, second premium, 7 00

Edwin A. Durkee, Peabody, third premium, 5 00

PLOUGHING WITn SWIVEL PLOUGH.

Solomon W. Weston, Middleton, with one pair oxen,

first premium, 12 00

Wilkins & Christopher, Middleton, with one pair

oxen, second premium, 10 00

Jonas Rollins, Danvers, with one pair horses, first

premium, 10 00

James C. Poor, North Andover, with one pair horses,

second premium, 6 00

172

PLOUGHING WITH SULKY PLOUGH.

Francis 0. Kimball, Danvers, with National Reversi-
ble plough, first premium, 10 00

J. E. Page, Salem, with Cassidy plough, second pre-
mium, 8 00

IMPROVING WET MEADOW AND SWAMP LANDS.

Luther P. Tidd, Georgetown, first premium, 15 00

IMPROVING PASTURE AND WASTE LANDS.

Charles W. Mann, Methuen, second premium, 10 00

UNDERDRAWING LAND.

Charles W. Mann, Methueu, first premium, 15 00

GRAIN CROPS.

R. Frank Dodge, Wenham, corn crop, first premium, 10 00

ROOT CROPS.

Robert Frank Dodge, Wenham. potato crop, first pre-
mium,

John H. George, Methuen, onion crop, first premium,

Charles W. Mann, Methuen, cabbage crop, first pre-
mium,

David Warren, Swampscott, squash crop, first pre-
mium,

James P. King, Peabody, ruta baga turnip crop, first
premium,

POREST TREES.

George L. Hawkes, Lynnfield, ornamental trees, first

premium, 10 00

CRANBERRIES.

James P. Butterfield, Andover, cultivating cranber-
ries, first premium, 15 00

STRAWBERRIES AND OTHER SMALL FRUITS.

George J. Peirce, West Newbury, strawberry crop,

first premium, 10 00

George J. Peirce, West Newbury, raspberry crop,

first premium, 10 00

10 00

173

NEW MEMBERS.

John Meacom, Beverly, most new members, premium, 6 00

ESSAYS AND RErORTS.

Charles W. Mann, Metkuerf, essay on " Renovating

Pastures," first premium, 15 00

M. B. Faxon, Saugus, essay, " Annuals and their

Cultivation," second premium, 10 00

O. S. Butler, Georgetown, essay, "Cranberry Cul-
ture on Cape Cod," third premium, 8 00

Charles C. Blunt, Andover, report on cranberries,

first premium, 10 00

Francis H. Appleton, Peabody, report on ornamental

trees, second premium, 8 00

J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead, report on agricultural

implements, third premium, 6 00

MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCHOLARSHIP.

George E. Newman, Newbury, last yearly payment

of 1884 award, 25 00

OTHER AWARDS.

Awarded by Committee on Poultry, 44 00

" " " " Agricultural Implements, 27 00

" " " " Carriages, 80 00

" " " « Dairy, 24 00

" " " " Bread, Honey, etc., 27 50

«• " " " Pears,* 85 00

" " " " Apples, 76 50

" " " " Peaches, Grapes, etc.,t 65 50

" " " « Flowers, 43 25
" " " " Vegetables, t 158 00

" « " Grain and Seed, 31 00
" " " " Counterpanes and Afghans, 31 00

" " " " Carpets and Bugs, 27 50
" " " " Articles manuf.from Leather,27 00
" " " " Manufact's and Gen'l Mdse., 2 50
" " « " Fancy Work and Art Work, 49 25

" " " Children's Work, 13 50

$1629 50

Corrections. — *$l Gratuity to John T. Pickering, Salem, for Duch-
ess Pears, and $1 Gratuity to P. W. Murphy, Salem, for Louise Bon
Pears, were omitted on Committee's report. t$4, first premium, to
A. J. Hubbard, Peabody, for basket of Assorted Fruit, omitted on
Committee's report, and $1 Gratuity to Mrs. G P. Osborne, Peabody,
instead of f>0 cents as printed on page fiO. 1$3, first premium, to
Philip Bushby, Peabody, for purple top flat turnip, omitted on page
65.

RECAPITULATION.

FARMS.

Awarded foi

Ploughing,

$100 00

a «

Reclaiming Swamp Land,

ii u

Improving Pasture Land,

a ii

Underdraining Land,

ii ii

Ornamental Trees,

ii 11

Cranberries,

FARM STOCK.

00
^ $165

Awarded for Fat Cattle,

$26

U ii

Bulls,

ii ii

Milch Cows,

ii ii

Heifers,

ii ii

Heifer Calves,

a a

Working Oxen and Steers,

a a

Town Team of Oxen,

a a

Steers,

a a

Horses,

128

it a

Colts,

a a

Swine,

a a

Sheep,

U i'i

Poultry,

$578

FARM PRODUCTS.

Awarded for Grain Crops,

$10 00

a a

Root Crops,

a a

Fruit Crops,

tt a

Fruits,

227

u a

Dairy,

a a

Bread, Honey, etc.,

a a

Flowers,

a a

Vegetables,

158

a a

Grain and Seed,

$590

MISCELLANEOUS,

Awarded for Agricultural Implements, $27 00

" " " Essays and Reports, 57 00

" " " College Scholarship, 25 00

" " obtaining new members, 6 00

" " Domestic Manufactures, 150 75

" " Carriages, 30 00

$295 75

Total amount awarded in 1887, $1629 50

175

Awarded among the towns and cities in the county as fol-
lows, viz. : Amesbury, $24.50; Andover, $32.00; Beverly,
$27.00; Boxford, $21.00; Bradford, $39.00; Danvers, $169.-
25; Essex, $22.00; Georgetown, $26.00; Groveland, $9.00;
Hamilton, $23.00; Haverhill, $10.50; Ipswich, $14.00;
Lynn, $49.00; Lynnrield, $21.00; Lawrence, $123.00; Man-
chester, $3.50 ; Marblehead, $36.00 ; Methuen, $83.50 ; Mid-
dleton, $89.75; Newbury, $93.00; Newburyport, $6.50;
North Andover, $68.00 ; Peabody, $350.75 ; Rowley, $38.50 ;
Salem, $109.75; Salisbury, $2.00; Saugus, $18.50; Swamps-
cott, $25.50; Topsfield, $3.00; Wenham, $34.50; West New-
bury, $56.50. Thirty-one in number, to 367 different indi-
viduals. All the towns and cities in the county received
awards except Merrimac, Nahant, Kockport and Gloucester.

Correction. — Page 17, Swine, First Class, should be $15 instead of
$18. Page 18, Total award on Grounds, $735 instead of $738. Exhibits
in hall, Dairy $24 instead of $22. Bread, Honey and Preserves, $27.50
instead of §27.00, and Pears $85.00 instead of $83.50, and Total in Ex-
hibition Hall $661.50 instead of $657.50. Grand Total award on Fail-
Grounds and in Exhibition Hall, $1396.50.

FINANCIAL RESULTS OF CATTLE SHOW AND FAIR
AT PEABODY IN 188 7.

Total receipts (including $130 in donations), $1,7 T2 86

Total expenses (exclusive of awards), l,2l5 86

Net Receipts, $557 00

Note. The net receipts is all that will appear in Treasurer's report
for 1888. The net results of any Fair is all that is accounted for by
the Treasurer.

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY

FOB 1887-8.

PRESIDENT,

BENJAMIN P. WARE, of Marblehead.

VICE PRESIDENTS,

GEORGE B. LORING, of Salem.
JAMES J. H. GREGORY, of Marblehead.
THOS. C. THURLOW, of West Newbury.
JAMES P. KING, of Peabody.

SECRETARY,

DAVID W. LOW, of Gloucester.

TREASURER,

GILBERT L. STREETER, of Salem.

HONORARY TRUSTEE,

JOSEPH HOW, of Methuen.

TRUSTEES,

Charles C. Blunt, Andover. John Baker, Manchester.
B. F. Huntington,Amesbuiy.Charles W. Mann, Methuen.
John Meacom, Beverly. James D. Pike, Merrimac.

Benj. S. Barnes, Boxford. David Stiles, Middleton.
William Hilton, Bradford. Wm. R. Johnson,Newburyp't.
Charles H. Gould, Danvers. Wm. Little, Newbury.
Aaron Low, Essex. James C. Poor, No. Andover.

Sherman Nelson, Georget'wn. Francis H.Appleton,Peab'dy.
Alonzo F. Harvey, Gloucest'r.Andrew Lane, Rockport.
N. Longfellow, Groveland. Thomas P. Hale, Rowley.

177

Geo. E. F. Dane, Hamilton. Henry A. Hale, Salem.
Richard Webster, Haverhill. Samuel Hawkes, Saugus.
Alden Story, Ipswich. John Q. Evans, Salisbury.

Asa M. Bod well, Lawrence. David Warren, Swampscott.
John L. Shorey, Lynn. Baxter P. Pike, Topsfield.

John M. Danforth,Lynnfield.Zachariah Cole, Wenham.
Reuben Alley, Marblehead. E. G. Nason, W. Newbury.

54— NEW MEMBERS— 1887.

Samuel H. Bailey, Andover. Geo. P. Wilkins, Middleton.
Geo. W. Buchan, Andover. D. T. Rowe, Newburyport.
JamesP.Butterfield,Andov*r.Chas.S.Bartlett, Newburyp't.
Albert G. Bennett, Beverly. Wra. F. Wiley, Peabody.
John T. Elliot, Beverly. Charles E. Hoag, Peabody.
Wm. B. Foster, Beverly. Cyrus T.Batchelder,Peab'dy.
John W. Lovett, Beverly. Alonzo Raddin, Peabody.
Charles Pickett, Beverly. Orville B.Chadwiek,Peab'dy.
John Pickett, Beverly. Nicholas M. Quint, Peabody.

Jasper F. Pope, Beverly. Edward P. Barrett,Peabody.
Jesse G. Trask, Beverly. Simon P. Buxton, Peabody.
Peter Clark, Beverly. Andrew J. Hayes, Peabody.

Mrs. J. C. Phillips, Beverly. Amos Merrill, Peabody.
John D. Kingsbury ,Bradford.R. S. Brown, Peabody.
George S. Perry, Danvers. James F. Codey, Peabody.
William P. Perkins,Danvers. William E. Osgood, Peabody.
Francis O. Kimball, Danvers. Horace P. Whipple, Peabody.
L. S. Morrison, Danvers. Eben S. Ke\'es, Rowley.
David E. Perley, Georget'wn. Daniel S. Gott, Rockport.
Luther P. Tidd,Georgetown. Solomon Smith, Rockport.
Ira D. Rogers, Lynn. Hiram Littlefield, Salisbury.

Harry W. Monroe, Lynnfield.Elizabeth Saunders, Salem.
Wilbur J. Monroe,Lynufield. Isaac C. Wyman, Salem.
Geo. M. Round}r, Lynnfield. Everett K. Day, Wenham.
John Baker, Manchester. John P. Conanl. Wenham.
Wm. M. Rogers, Methuen. Henry J. Pierce, W.Newbury.
Solomon W.Weston, Middl'n. John C. Taltou, W.Newbury.

1 78

CHANGES OF MEMBERS.

Beverly — Alphonso Mason to Topsfield.
Danvers — John A. Blake to Haverhill.

Cornelius Gaffney to South Boston.

Walter F. Martin to Dover, N. H.

E. Swazey to Beverly.
Georgetown — Henry P. Noyes to Andover.

John H. Lovering to Marlborough, Mass.
Milton G. Tenney to Boston.
Hamilton — G. W. Winslow to Lynn.
Haverhill — Herbert E. Wales to Bradford.
Methuen — D. H. Patterson to Lawrence.
Newbury — Otis Mann to Springfield, Mass.
Rowley — D. L. Haggerty to Ipswich.
Washington, Mo. — T. W. Quimby to Haverhill.
Changes by Death, see "In Memoriam," page 157.

CORRECTIONS OF 1886 LIST OF MEMBERS.

Haverhill — Frank B. Barnes should be B. Frank.
Merriraac — A. C. Hill should not be there.
Methuen — George A. Butters omitted 1884 and 1886 lists.
Jonathan Morse died several years ago. Trus-
tee did not report it.
Newbury — Edward Illsley should be Edwin Ilsley.
Rowley — Nath'l M. Dummer should be Nathl. N.

Harrison Tenney should be John H.
Rumney, N. H. — S. Brocklebank dead.
Stockton, Cal.— Joseph S. Hale should, have been Lugo-

nia, San Bernadino county, Cal.
Portsmouth, O.— D. Oscar Nelson omitted. 1884 and 1886

lists.
North Weymouth, Mass — Frank H. Palmer omitted 1884

and 1886 lists.
Cotton Wood, Idaho county, Idaho Ter. — Charles Lane

Palmer omitted 1884 and 1886 lists.

179

The Executive Officers of the Society from its Organi-
zation, with Year when first chosen, are

presidents.

1818. Timothy Pickering, Salem.

1828. Frederick Howes, Salem.

1831. Ebenezer Mosely, Newbury port.

1836. James H. Duncan, Haverhill.

1839. Joseph Kittredge, Andover.

1841. Leverett Saltonstall, Salem.
1815. John W. Proctor, Danvers.
1852. Moses Newell, West Newbury.
1856. Richard S. Fay, Lynn.
1858. Daniel Adams, Newbury.
1860. Allen W. Dodge, Hamilton.
1863. Joseph How, Methuen.

1865. William Sutton, South Danvers.
1875. Benjamin P. Ware, Marblehead.

secretaries.

1818. David Cummins, Salem.

1820. Frederick Howes, Salem.

1821. John W. Proctor, Danvers.

1842. Daniel P. King, Danvers.
1844. Allen W. Dodge, Hamilton.
1860. Charles P. Preston, Danvers.
1885. David W. Low, Gloucester.

TREASURERS.

1818. Ichabod Tucker, Salem.

1819. Daniel A. White, Salem.

1823. Benjamin R. Nichols, Salem.

1824. Benjamin Merrill, Salem.
1828. Andrew Nichols, Danvers.
1841. j William Sutton, Salem.

1856. \ William Sutton, South Danvers.
1865. E. H. Payson, Salem.
1881. Gilbert L. Streeter, Salem.

1888.
PREMIUM LIST OK

Essex Agricultural Society,

FOR THE

Sixty-Eighth Annual Cattle Show and Fair,

To be held September 25th and 26th, 1888, in Peabody.

Duties of Trustees.

The Trustee of each town is instructed to see the several mem-
bers of Committees in his town previous to the Show, and urge
upon them the importance of attending to their duties. Also im-
press upon exhibitors from localities near to the Exhibition, the
importance of entering their exhibits the afternoon and evening
of Monday, in fairness to those from a distance, who are obliged to
come Tuesday.

To be prompt at the meeting of the Society for filling vacancies
in committees on the first day of the Exhibition.

Duties of Committees.

Committees on live stock and articles exhibited on the Fair
Grounds. should appear at the Secretary's office en the grounds, at
one o'clock, punctually, on the first day of the Exhibition, and
there organize, take the books of entry, and proceed at once to
business. Committees in Hall should take the books of entry from
the Superintendent as soon after the entries close as the exhibits
are arranged for judging.

Full reports of Committees, on the blanks furnished by the
Secretary, to be signed by all the members acting on the same, are
requhed ol each committee.

Three members of any committee consisting of more than lha
number are authorized to act.

The Diploma of the Society being considered the highest pre-
mium that can be awarded, no committee is authorized to award
it, except for animals and articles of special merit, deceiving of
endorsement and recommendation by the Society.

181

No committer is authorized to award gratuities, except the com-
mittees ou agricultural implements, carriages, bread, honey, and
canned fruits, domestic manufactures, fruits, vegetables in Hall,
and flowers ; or any premium, unless the rules of the Society have
beea strictly complied with. Neither shall they award premiums
or gratuities in excess of the amount appropriated.

No gratuity is to be awarded of less than fifty cents.

The several committees are requested to affix premium cards,
and also on animals, blue, white, and red printed premium ribbons,
(which may be had of the Secretary or assistant on the grounds
and at the hall), for the several animals or articles, designating the
grade of premium awarded each, and the name of the person to
whom awarded, and special care should be taken that the cards
issued correspond with the awards in their report to the Society.

No claimaut for a premium can be a member of the committee
upon the subject on which he makes his claim.

The reports of award of premiums on ploughing and on animals
and articles exhibited at the Show, will be delivered to the Secre-
tary and announced on Wednesday.

The Society offers liberal premiums for the best reports of com-
mittees; and the chairmen of the several committees are requested
to present to the Secretary a full report explanatory of the opin-
ions of the committee on the matter referred to them, within two
weeks after the awards are made at the Show, for publication in
the Transactions.*

Reports on farms, crops, etc., to be presented previous to the
meeting of the Trustees in November.

Any member of a committee who cannot serve on the same, is re-
quested to give notice to the Secretary, before the Show, so that the
vacancy may be tilled.

Each member of the several committees will receive a ticket of
admission to the hall of exhibition, on application to the Secretary.

*Chairuieu of committees will please uotice this request.

General Rules.

Competitors are requested to carefully read the rules and premium
list, before making entries.

All claims (entries) for premiums to be awarded at the Exhi-
bition must be entered with the Secretary of the Society, or his
agent, on or before 11 o'clock, A. M., of the first day thereof.

All claims (entries) for premiums (on Fair Grounds), must be
handed or forwarded to the Secretary or his agent, in writing,
previous to the day of the Fair, if possible.

Any person not a member of the Society, awarded seven dollars
and upwards, shall receive a certificate of membership, for which
three dollars of his award will be taken to increase the funds of
the Society.

Diplomas awarded will' be delivered and premiums paid, on
application, either by the person to whom the premium or gratuity
is awarded, or an agent duly authorized, by the Treasurer, at First
National Bank, Salem.

182

In all cases the reports of award of premiums and gratuities
made by the several committees and adopted by the Society shall
be final. Committees should see that the premium cards issued
correspond with the premiums and gratuities awarded in their re-
ports.

All premiums and gratuities awarded, the payment of which is
not demanded of the Treasurer on or before the first day of Sep-
tember next succeeding the Exhibition, will be considered as given
to increase the funds of the Society.

No person shall be entitled to receive a premium, unless he
complies with the conditions on which the premiums are offered,
and by proper entry as required, gives notice of his intention to
compete for the same ; and committees are instructed to award no
premium unless the animal or article offered is worthy

Xo animal or object that is entered in one class, with one com-
mittee shall be entered in another class, except town teams, fat
cattle, working oxen, working steers, and farm horses, which may
be entered for ploughing, and milch cows, which may be entered
with a herd.

In regard to all the subjects for which premiums are offered, it
is to be distinctly understood that the Trustees reserve to them-
selves the right of judging the quality of the animal or article
offered ; and that no premiums will be awarded unless the objects
of them are of a decidedly superior quality.

Pure Bred Animals, defined by the State Board of Agriculture.

The proof that an animal is so bred should be a record of the
animal or its ancestors, as recorded in some herd book, recognized
bv leading breeders, and the public generally as complete and
authentic

Standards adopted : — American Jersey C. C. Register and Ameri-
can Jersey Herd Book, Ayrshire Record and Holstein Herd Book.

Premiums to be Awarded at the Show.

The Committees will take notice that no premium will be awarded
unless the animals or objects are of a decidedly superior quality.

Diplomas may be awarded for animals or articles of special
merit, iu all departments of the Fair.

CATTLE AND OTHER FARM STOCK.

TO BE ENTERED IN THE NAME OF THEIR HEAL OWNER.

All animals, to be eligible to a premium, shall have been raised
by the owner within the County, or owned by the exhibitor within
the Comity, for four months previous to (he date of the Exhibition,
except Working Oxen, and Working Steers.

All animals, whether .teams for ploughing, or animals entered for
premium or exhibition, will be fed during the Exhibition, and lon-
ger when they are of n n/essity prevented from leaving, at the ex-

i*3

FAT CATTLE.

Fat Catlle, fatted within the County, regard being had to man-
ner of feeding and ihe expense thereof, all of which shall be slated
by the exhibitor in writing and returned to the Secretary, with
committee's report.

For Pairs of Fat Cattle, premiums, each, $8, $0, S3

For Fat Cows, premiums, each, $7, $5, $3

BULLS.

*Ayrshire, Jersey, Short Horn, Devon, Holstein, or of any other
recognized breed, for each breed,

Two years old and upwards, premiums, $8, $4

Under two ye;irs, premiums, for each breed, $4, S3

Bull Calves under oue year old. premium for each breed, $2

BULLS OF ANY AGE OR BREED.

*For the best Bull of any age or breed, with five of his stock
not less than one year old, quality and condition to be taken into
account, and especially the adaptability of the animal to the agri-
culture of the Count)7, premium, S10

*Note. — Competitors are required to give a written statement of pedigree,
and committees are requested to be particular in tliis respect, and return them
to the Secretary with report.

MILCH COWS.

For the best Milch Cow of any age or breed, with satisfactory
record in quarts or pounds of her daily yield of milk for one or
more years, premium, $15

For Milch Cows, either of Foreign. Native or Grade, not less
than four nor more than ten years old, with satisfactory evidence
as to quantity and quality of milk, either by weight or measure,
during the evening and morning of the first and last ten days of
any month, premiums, S10, $4

Milch Cows, Ayrshire, Jersey, Devon. Short Horn, Holstein, or
any other recognized breed, four years old and upwards, premiums,
for each breed, $10, $4

For Native or Grade Cows, four years old and up-
wards, premiums, $10, $4

For the Cows that make the most butter in any single
week from June 1st to September 15th, premiums, $10, $4

Note. — A written statement will be required of the age and breed of all
Milch Cows entered, and time they dropped their last calf, and when they
will next calve, the kind, quality and quantity of their food during the season,
and the manner of their feeding, which statement is to be returned to the Sec-
retary with Committee's report.

HERDS OF MILCH COWS.

For herds of Milch Cows, not less than five in number, to be ex
hibited at the Show, and a correct statement of manner of keep-
ing and yield for one year preceding the Show, premiums, $18, $12

1 84

For the greatest produce of milk on any farm, in proportion to
the number of cows producing it. not less than four, from April 1^
1887, to April 1. 1888, statement to be made of the exchanges
made, manner and expense of food, use made of milk, and such
other facts as will illustrate the entire management, special regard
being had to the mode in which the account is kept,
premium, Diploma, and $15

Note. — Tlie above-mentioned statement is to be returned to the Secretary,
with Committee's report for 1888. The Committee can accept statements
dating from January 1st, preceding Show,

HEIFERS.

First Class. — Ayrshire, Jersey, Short Horn, Devon, Holstein,
or any other recognized breed, under four years old, in milk, pre-
miums, for each breed, §8, $5

Two year olds of each breed that have never calved,

premiums, $4, $3

One year olds of each breed, premiums, $4, S3

Heifer Calves, under one year, premiums, for each breed, $4, $3
Second Class. — Native or Grade Milch, under four

years old, premiums, $8, $5

Two year olds, that have never calved, premiums, $4. S3

One year olds and less than two, premiums, $4, $3
Heifer Calves, Native or Grade, under one year old,

premiums, $4, $3

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

Stags excluded. For pairs of Working Oxen under eight and
not less than tive years old, taking into view their size, power,
quality, and training, premiums, $12, $10, $8

For pairs of Working Steers four years old, to be entered in the
name of the owner, premiums, $10, $6

Note.— The Committee are required to consider the quality and shape of
the cattle as Well as their working capacity. The training of workiug oxeu
and steers will be tested by trial on a cart or wagon containing a load weigh-
ing two tons for oxen, and 3000 pounds for steers, ggp*" At the time of entry
a certificate of the weight of the cattle must be filed with the Secretary.

TOWN TEAMS.

For Town Teams of Oxen, ten yoke or more in a team,
premiums, $20, $12

For Town Teams of Oxen, eight or nine yoke in a
team, premiums, $15, $8

For Town Teams of Horses, ten or more pairs in a
team, premiums, $20. $12

For Town Teams of Horses, eight or nine pairs in a
team, premiums, $15, $8

STEERS.

For pairs of three year old Steers, broken to the yoke,

premium*, $8, $6

For pairs of two year old Steers, premiums, $6, $5

For pairs of yearling Steers, premiums, $5. $4

For pairs of Steer Calves, premiums, $4, $2

i85

STALLIONS.

*All Stallions entered in either class must have been owned by
the exhibitor four months previous to the exhibition.

First Class. For Stallions for Farm and Draft purposes, four
years old and upwards, diploma or premiums, $10, $6, $4

For Stallions for Farm and Draft purposes, three years old, pre-
miums, $8. $5

For best Stallion of any age, and five colts of his stock not less
than one year old, quality and coudition to be taken into account,
premium, $15

Second Class. For Stallions for Driving purposes, four years
old and upwards, premiums, $10, $6, $4

For best Stallion of any age and rive colts of his stock, not less
than one year old, quality and condition to be taken into account,
premium, - $15

BROOD MARES.

*For Brood Mares, with their foal not more than eight months
old by their side, premiums, . $10, $6, $4

*Note. — No stallion or brood mare will be entitled to a premium nuless
free from all apparent defects capable of being transmitted.

FAMILY1 HORSES.

For Family Horses, premiums, $10, $6, $4

Note. — No borse will receive a premium unless free from all unsoundness.

GENTLEMEN'S DRIVING HORSES.

For Driving Horses, premiums, $10, $6, $4

FARM HORSES.

For Farm Horses, premiums, $10, $6, $4

Note.— No horse will be allowed except those actually used on farms,
whether the owner has a farm or not, and in no case will competitors be
allowed to take more than a specified load, 2000 pounds No obstruction
shall be placed either before or behind the wheels in trials of Draft horses of
either class. If this rule is not complied with the premium shall be with-
held.

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES.

For pairs of Farm Horses (see above note), premiums,

$12, $8, $4

COLTS FOR DRAFT PURPOSES.

First Class. For Mare or Gelding four year old colts, pre-
miums, $8, $5, $3

For Mare or Gelding three year old Colts, premiums, $6, $3

Second Class. For two year old Stallion, Gelding, or Mare
Colts, premiums, 88, $5, $3

For yearling Stallion, Gelding or Marc Colts, premiums, $5, $3

186

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES.

First Class. For Mare or Gelding four year old Colts, pre-
miums, $8, $5, £3

For Mare or Gelding three year old Colts, premiums, $5, S3

Second Class. For two year old Stallion, Gelding or Mare
Colts, premiums, $5, $3

For yearling Stallion, Gelding or Mare Colts, premiums, $5, $3

SWINE.

First Class. Large breeds, viz. : Cheshire, Berkshire, Ches-
ter County Whites, Poland China, Large Yorkshire, and any
other breed or grade weighing more than 300 pounds at maturity.
For Boars, premiums, $8, .155

For Breeding Sows, premiums, $8, $5

For Litters of Weaned Pigs, premiums, $8, $5

Note. — Litters of Weaned Pigs must be not less than four in number, be-
ween two and four months old.

Second Class. Small breeds, such as Suffolk, Essex, Small
Yorkshire, China, and any other breed or grade weighing less than
300 pounds at maturity, same premiums as in First Class.

SHEEP.

For flocks not less than ten in number, premiums, $10, $Q

For best Buck, premium, $8

For best lot of Lambs, not less than four in number, between

four and twelve months old, premium, $4

POULTRY.

For pairs of Light Brahmas, Dark Brahmas, Buff Cochins, Par-
tridge Cochins. Black Cochins, White Cochins, Plymouth Rocks,
Dominiques, White Leghorns, Brown Leghorns, Dominique Leg-
horns, Black Spanish, Hamburgs, Polish, Games, Dorking, Ban-
tams, Black, White, and Mottled Javas, Wyandottes, White Wy-
andottes, Andalusian, Erminet, Langshangs, and Frizzle, and
other recognized varieties, each variety, premiums, $2, $1

For pairs of Chickens of above varieties, premiums, <?2, >'l

For the best breeding pen of each variety— Diploma of the So-
ciety.

Pairs can be exhibited in " breeding pens," by marking the com-
peting female (with a ribbon or colored string), which, with the
male will form the pair.

Premiums shall be awarded on a score of not less than 176
points for first premium and 166 points for second premium.

For lots of Turkeys, and Aylesbury, Rouen, Cayuga, Pekin,
White and Colored Muscovey, and Brazilian Ducks, and Toulouse,
Emden, Brown China, and African Geese, premiums, $2, $1

For the coop of 10 or more Fowls exhibited, whether thorough-
breds crossed or mixed, with an account for one year, showing
cost of keeping, production and profit, premium, $5

For the best pair of dressed Fowls, Chickens, Ducks, and Geese,
premium for each, $2

187

For the best 12 Eggs from Asiatic, American, Game. French
and Spanish classes (Hamburgs, Polish, Dorkings to compete in
the Spanish class) exhibited, premium for each class, si

Any exhibitor interfering with tbe Judges in the discharge of
their duties or interfering with, or handling any specimen on ex-
hibition, other than his own, shall forfeit all claim be may have in
the premium list.

All breeds exhibited separately and to be judged by the rules of
the '* American Standard of Excellence."

COLLECTIONS OF LIVE STOCK.

For the best collection of Live Stock from any city or town in
the county, premium, §20

Note. — The exhibitors from each city or town, competing for this* new pre-
mium, must authorize some one to make entry with the Secretary, before the
time fixed for closing entries.

PLOUGHING.

General Note on Ploughing. — Stags are excluded. Teams must be en-
tered iu the names of their owners, and only double ox-teams to have drivers.
A team consisting of one pair of oxen and a horse will be considered a double
team. The owners of separate teams may unite the same and be allowed to
compete for premiums. The ploughmen and drivers must have been residents
of the County at least three months before the exhibition. Those Avho in-
tend to be competitors must give notice to the Secretary on or before Saturday
previous to the show. The lands will be staked, but each ploughman will be
required to strike out his own laud in the presence of the " Committee on
Striking out Grounds for Ploughing," after half-past nine o'clock on the morn-
ing of the trial. Ploughmen with land-side ploughs are to back furrow three
furrows on each side of the stakes set, the last furrow to be of the depth re-
quired in the class. Ploughmen with swivel ploughs to turn the outside of
their furrows to the stakes on one side, and to finish one foot from the stake
on the other. Committees to note and report the kind of plough used.

Ploughing with Double Teams. — One-sixth of an acre, at
least eight inches deep, premiums, $12, §10, §9, §8

Ploughing with Single Teams. — One-sixth of an acre, at
least six inches deep, premiums, §10, §9, §5

Ploughing with Horses. — With any form of Plough, except
Swivel, one-sixth of an acre, at least six inches deep, premiums,

§10, $7, §5

Ploughing with Three Horses.— -One-sixth of an acre,
eight inches deep without driver, premium, §10

Same with four horses with driver, premium, §10

Ploughing with Swivel Plough.— One-sixth of an acre,
either with double or single ox-team, double teams at least eight
inches deep, single teams six inches, premiums, §12, §10, §8

Same with Horse teams, consisting of two horses, ploughing at
least six inches deep, premiums, §10, §0

Ploughing — Sulks' Plough. — For the best performance, tak-
ing into account ease of draft, amount and quality of work, pre-
miums, §10, $8

Marrows — For the best Harrow exhibited and its merits shown
by* Actual test upon the ploughed ground, premium, §10

Nf3te. — Entry must be made with the Secretary before the day of the trial
with description of Harrow.

i8S

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

For the best collection of Implements and Machines (no ar-
ticle offered in collection will be entitled to a separate premium),

Diploma and $10
Rest Market Wagon, premium, §5

Rest Farm Wagon for one or two horses, premium, $3

Rest Horse Cart, premium, $5

Rest Hay Straw, or Corn Cutter, premium, $1.50

Rest Ox Yoke, complete, premium. $1.50

Rest Fruit Evaporator, with sample of work, premium, $5

Rest set of Horse Shoes, including those for over-reaching, in-
terfering, and stumbling horses, premium, $5
For implements not specified above the Committee may at their
discretion award $40
No premium or gratuity will be awarded for any Mower, Horse
Rake, Tedder, or other Machine or Implement, the merit of which
can be known oniy by actual trial in the field; but manufacturers
are invited to offer the same for exhibition and inspection.

CARRIAGES.

For Carriages, built in the County, and exhibited by the man-
ufacturer, diploma, and thirty dollars in gratuities, may be awarded
by the Committee.

In Exhibition Hall.

Committees on articles exhibited in the hall should be specially
careful that the premium cards issued correspond with the names
and sums in their reports to the Society.

Committees and Exhibitors will be governed by instructions
under heading of " Duties of Committees," li General Rules,"
" Premiums to be awarded at the Show," see first pages, and under
" Fruit" and " Domestic Manufactures."

DAIRY.

For specimens of Rutter made on any farm within the County
the present year, samples not less than five pounds to be exhibited,
with a full account of the process of making and management of
the Rutter, premiums, $8, §6, $4

For specimens of New Milk Cheese, made on any farm in tho
County, the present year, samples of not less than fifty pounds to
be exhibited, with statement in writing of the method of making
and preserving the same, premiums, $8. $6, $4

To the person who shall furnish to the Society satisfactory evi-
dence of the greatest amount of Butter made from any quantity of
milk, being the whole produce of any single cow, for the tirst week

i8g

of June, July, August and September next, slaling 1he whole
amount of Butter produced in each week, and also the time when
the cow dropped her last calf, and her feed and management all to
he taken into account iu making the award, premiums.

Diploma and $10, 5

]SJote —The object in offering this last premium is to elicit inquiry as to
the value and quality of milk for the production of butter. As far as practi-
cable it is desirable that the race and pedigree of the cow should be given.

BREAD, HONEY AND CANNED FRUIT.

For White Bread made of wheat flour raised by yeast, pre-
miums, $3< $2, si

For yeast bread made from Graham flour, premiums, $2, 81

For yeast bread made irom other grains, or other grains mixed
with wheat, premiums, 81-50, 81

Special Premiums offered by N. N. Dummer, Glen Mills, Row-
ley. For the Graham Bread "made from "Glen Mills Improved
Graham " and raised hy yeast, premiums, So, $2.50, 81

All bread, entered for "premiums, to be in loaves weighing not
less than one pound each, and to be not less than 24 hours old,
with a full written statement over the signature and address of the
maker, stating the kind of flour used, quantity of each ingredient,
how mixed aud length of time kneaded and raised and how long
baked, which statements on all premium bread are to be sent to the
Secretary with report of the Committee for publication.

For first and second best display of Bees, Hives and Apiarian
Implements, to be accompanied with a description of ihe bees,
hives, etc., number of hives iu use and amount of surplus honey
taken from them during the season, premiums. 85, s3

First and second best Honey, ten pounds in comb and one pound
of same extracted, made in the County, with statement signed of
kind of bees and hive and time ot year when honey was made,
premiums, $3, $2

For first and second best collection of Pickles. Preserved Fruits
and Jellies, made from products of the Count}', when premiums are
awarded, the method of making to be sent to the Secretary by the
Committee for publication, premiums, s.'J. $2

For the first and second best five pounds of Dried Apples, grown
and dried within the County, with statement of process used and
amount of labor and time required in preparing and drying, such
statement on premium fruit to be given to the Secretary for publica-
tion, premiums, $3, S*2

In addition to the above, are placed iu the bauds of the Commit-
tee for gratuities on other articles entered in this department,
products ot this County deemed worthy, $5

Fruit.

All fruit must he entered in the name of the grower before 11
o'clock on the first day of the exhibition, and each exhibitor must
certify to the same on the Entry Book, or lists of the varieties of
each class of fruit to be filled when entry is made. (Committees
are not authorized to make awards to those who do not comply
with this rule.)

190

Tables will be labelled in a conspicuous manner by tbe hall com-
mittee, before the entry of Exhibitors, with the names of fruit, for
which premiums are offered, all others of same class of fruit to be
labelled miscellaneous. Exhibitors must place their several varie-
ties of each class of fruit where indicated by such labels, or be
considered by the committee as not competing for premium.

Plates of collections of fruit, when premiums are offered there-
for, must be entered and placed by the exhibitor on the table
assigned for the exhibit of that class of fruit.

To entitle exhibitors to receive premiums and gratuities award-
ed, they are required (when requested by the committee) to give
information in regard to the culture of their fruit.

PEARS.

For best twelve specimens of the following varieties, which are
recommended for cultivation in Essex County: Bartlett, Belle
Lucrative, Bosc, Anjou. Angouleme, Dana's Hovey, Lawrence,
Louise Bonne. Maria Louise. Onondaga, Paradise d'Automne,
Seckle, Sheldon, Unbaniste, Vicar, Doyene de'Cornica, Howell,
Hardy and Clairgeau, each, S3

Doyenne d'Ete, Giftbrd and Clapp's Favorite (ripening early)
are recommended for cultivation, but no premium is offered.

For each dish of twelve best specimens of any other varieties,
deemed worthy by the committee, $1.50

For best collection of Pears, premium, $6

In addition to the above, are placed at the disposal of the com-
mittee, to be awarded in gratuities of not less than 81 each, $20

APPLES.

For best twelve specimens of the following varieties, which are
recommended for cultivation in Essex County: Baldwin, Danvers
Sweet, Tompkins County Kinsr, Granite Beauty, Red Russet,
McCarty, Tolman's Sweet, Bailey's Sweet, Drap d'Or, Hubbard-
ston, Hurlburt, Porter, Pickman's Pippin, Roxbury Russet, Rhode
Island Greening, Sweet Baldwin. Gravensteiu, Hunt's Russet,
Smith's Cider, premium for each, $3

Red Astrachan, William's Favorite, Tetofsky and Sweet Bough
are recommended for cultivation, but no premium is offered (ripen-
ing early).

For best twelve specimens of any other varieties deemed worthy
by the committee, premium for each variety, $1.50

For best collection of Apples, $6

For best twenty-tour specimens of any variety of Crab Apple
deemed worthy by the committee, $1.50

In addition, are placed at the disposal of the committee, to be
awarded in gratuities of not less than 81 each, $20

PEACHES, GRAPES AND ASSORTED FRUITS.

For best nine specimens of Freestone White Flesh, Yellow

Flesh, Essex County Seedling, each variety, $2

For best collection of Peaches, premium, $3

For best four bunches of Concord, Worden's Seedling, Brighton,

191

Hartford Prolific, Delaware, Martha, Moore's Early, Niagara,
each variety. 83

For Colfl 'House Grapes, produced with not over one month's
artificial heat, premiums, £6, $4

For best collection of ten varieties, not less than ten pounds in
all. premium, S7

For best specimens of four bunches of other varieties deemed
worthy by the committee, premium, 81.50

For baskets of Assorted Fruit, premiums, 84, S3

In addition, are placed at the disposal of the committee, to lie
awarded in gratuities of not less than 50 cents each, §25

FLOWERS.

For displays of Foliage Plants in pots, at least ten specimens,
premiums, S3, 82

For best pair of Parlor Bouquets of choice flowers, premium, S3
For best pair of Hand Bouquets of choice flowers, premium, 82
For displays of Cut Flowers, premiums, S3, $2

For best four Ferns in pots, premium. 81

For best four Gloxinias in pots, premium. 81

For best four Coleus in j.ots, premium, SI

For best specimen of any species of Begonia in pot. premium. SI
For best grown Pot Plant of any species, not from a greenhouse,
premium, , SI

For best Bouquet of Garden Flowers, premium, SI

For best arranged Basket of Garden Flowers, premium, SI

For best twelve garden Dahlias, six varieties, premium, SI

For best twelve Bouquet Dahlias, six varieties, premium. SI

For best twelve Single Dahlias, raised from seed by exhibitor,
premium, SI

For best twenty -four Asters, six varieiies, premium. SI

For best twelve Carnation Pinks, four varieties, premium. SI
For best twelve spikes of Gladiolus, four varieties, premium, SI
For best twenty-four Petunias, six varieiies. premium, SI

For best twenty-four Verbenas, six varieties, premium, SI

For best twenty-tour Double Zinnias, four varieties, premium, SI
For best twenty-four French and African Marigolds, six varie-
ties, premium, SI
For best twelve Calendulas or Pot Marigolds, two varieties,
premium. SI
For best twelve Japan Lilies, two varieties, premium, SI
For best twelve trusses of Geraniums, four varieties, premium. SI
For best twelve trusses of Garden Phlox, four varieties, pre-
mium, SI
For best collection of Drummond's Phlox, six varieties, pre-
mium, SI
For Mourning Bride, four varieties, premium, SI
For Nasturtiums, four varieties, premium, SI
For Pansies. six varieties, premium, SI
For Everlastings, six varieties, premium, SI
For Garden Annuals, six specimens of at least ten varieties,
premium, 81
For Roses, three varieties, premium. SI
For best Floral Design of choice flowers, premium, §2

192

For collections of Native Plants, to be marked with the correct
botanical and common names, and neatly displayed in separate
bottles, premiums, So, $3

For best arrangement of Native Flowers and Autumn Leaves,
premium, £2

In gratuities to contributors in this department, as the articles
may seem to merit, will be awarded, £20

Special Premium, offered by M. 13. Faxon of Saugus. For the
best display of Alters, filling 25 of the Society's bottles, £5

1. Every plant or flower entered for premium (except native
flowers) must- be grown by the exhibitor.

2. No premium shall be awarded unless the specimens exhib-
ited are of average excellence and worthy of such premium.

3. No specimen entered for one premium sball be admitted in
competition for another different premium.

VEGETABLES.

Rules for Fruit apply to Vegetables.

Beets — For best twelve specimens, Eclipse, Dewing, and Ed-
mauds, premium, each, $53
Carrots — For best twelve, short top, long Orange and Danvers

Intermediate, premium, each, $3

For be?t twelve. Short Horn Orange Carrots, premium, S3

Mangold Wurtzels — For best six specimens, premium, §3

Flat Turnips — Twelve specimens. For best Purple Top and

White Flat, premium, each, $3

Ruta Basras — Twelve specimens. For best Yellow and White,

premium, each, S3

Parsnips — For best twelve specimens, premium, $3

Onions — One peck. For best Dtnvers, Yellow Flat and Red,

premium, each, $3

Potatoes — One peck. For best Early Rose, Beauty of Hebron,

Clark's No. 1, Pearl of Savoy, Early Maine, premium, each, $3
Cabbages — For best three specimens Savoy. Fottler's Drumhead,

Stone Mason Drumhead. Red Cabbage, eacb variety, premium, £3
For next best, each variety, premium, $2

Cauliflowers — For best three specimens, premium, $3

For next best, premium, !$2

Celery — For best tour roots, premium, $2

Sweet. Corn — For twelve ears ripest and best Early, premium, S3
For best twelve ears in milk. Late, premium, $3

Squashes — For best three specimens Marrow, American Turban,

Hubbard, Marblehead, Essex Hybrid, Bay State, each variety.

premium, $3

Melons — For best three specimens Nutmeg, Musk, Cassaba,

each, premium, $2

For best two specimens Watermelons, premium, £2

Tomatoes — For best twelve s-pecimens Bound, Flat. Spherical,

Essex Hybrid, or any other variety, each variety, premium £3
For exhibition of greatest variety, premium, $3

Cranberries — For pecks of cultivated, premiums, $3, £2, Si

For collections of vegetables, premiums, $8, S6, $4, S2

Placed at the disposal of this committee for whatever appears

meritorious, #30

193

jSgl^No competitor for premium to exhibit more or less number
of specimens of any vegetables than the premiums are offered for.

Collections of Vegetables, where premiums are offered for a number of varie-
ties, must be entered aud placed by themselves on the tables assigned for
collections. No collection shall receive but one premium. Specimens of any
variety in such collections are not to compete with specimens of the same va-
riety placed elsewhere. Exhibitors of such collections, however, are not pre-
vented from exhibiting additional specimens of any variety, with and in com-
petition with like variety. All vegetables must be entered in the name of the
grower of them.

Size of Vegetable*. — Turnips Beets to be from 3 to 5 inches in diameter;
Onions, 2 1-2 to 4 inches in largest diameter; Potatoes to be of good size for
family use; Squashes to be pure and well ripeued — Turban, Marrow, Hub-
bard, Marblehead, each to weigh 8 to 16 lbs.

GRAIN AND SEED.

For best peck of Shelled Corn, Wheat, Oats, Barley, Rye and
Buckwheat, each, premiums, $1

For 25 ears of Field Corn, premiums, $5, £3, $2

For 25 ears of Pop Corn, premiums, 83, $2

For collections of Field and Garden Seeds, premiums,

88, 86, 84, 82
All grain or seed must have been grown by the exhibitor in the
County to receive premium.

Domestic Manufactures.

Contributors must deposit their articles at the Hall before 11
o'clock on the first day of the Exhibition. Articles not thus de-
posited will not be entitled to a premium. Gratuities will be
awarded for articles of special merit for which no premium is of-
fered; but no premium or gratuity will be awarded for any article
manufactured out of the County, or previous to the last Exhibition
of the Society.

COUNTERPANES AND AFGHANS.

For Wrought Counterpanes having regard to the quality and
expense of the material, premiums, 84, 82

Gratuities will be awarded for articles belonging to this depart-
ment, the whole amount of gratuities not to exceed 825

CARPETINGS AND RUGS.

For Carpets, having regard to the quality and expense of the
material, premiums, s4, $2

For Wrought Hearth Rug, having regard both to the quality
of the work and expense of the materials, premiums, $3, $2

Gratuities will be awarded for articles belonging to this depart-
ment, the whole amount not to exceed 825

194

ARTICLES MANUFACTURED FROM LEATHER.

For best pair hand made and machine made Men's Boots, Wo-
men's do., Children's do., each, ?2
Best Team. Carriage and Express Harness, each, #5
$10 are placed at the disposal of this committee, to be awarded
gratuities.

For the best exhibitions of Boots, and of Shoes, manufactured in
he County, each, premium, Diploma of Society.

MANUFACTURES AND GENERAL MERCHANDISE.

For displays of Bonnets, premiums, #4, $2

For Horn Combs, not less than one dozen, premium, #3

At the disposal of the committee in tins department, to be
awarded in gratuities not exceeding #3 in any one gratuity, #20

Fancy Work and Works of Art, and other articles of Do-
mestic Manufacture not included in the above.

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be award-
ed in gratuities not exceeding §3 in any one gratuity, #50

Work by Children Under Twelve Years of Age. For
specimens of work performed by children under 12 years of age,
exhibiting industry and ingenuity, premiums, #3, #2

At disposal of committee to be awarded in gratuities, $10

List of Premiums to be Awarded by the
Trustees in November.

FARMS.

Competitors for these premiums must give notice of their inten-
tion to the Secretary on or before June 15th, and the farms entered
for premium will be viewed by the committee twice during the
year. Crops growing on farms that are entered for premiums, can-
not be entered with another committee for separate premiums —
except specimens exhibited at the Fair. Any person desirous of
having his farm inspected, without entering it for premium, may
make application to the Secretary, and it will be viewed and re-
ported upon by the committee.

Any person entering his farm for premium, may apply to the
Chairman of the Committee on Farms, for the appointment of a
sub-committee of not less than rive in number, to visit his farm
and report upon the same.

For the best conducted and most improved farm, taking into
view the entire management and cultivation, including lands,
buildings, fences, orchards, crops, stock, and all other appendages,
with statements in detail, relating thereto, premium, #30

IMPROVING WET MEADOW AND SWAMP LANDS.

For best conducted experiments relating to wet meadow or
swamp lands, on not less than one acre, the course of manage-

195

merit, and the produce, etc., for a period of two years at least, to
be detailed, with a statement of all the incidental expenses, pre-
miums, $15, $10
Note. — The Committee (when appointed) is instructed to ascertain how
many, if any, reclaimed swamps in this County have been abandoned or have
returned to natural grasses. Persons knowing of such are requested to notify
the Secretary or Committee.

IMPROVING PASTURE AND WASTE LANDS.

For best conducted experiments in renovating and improving
pasture laud, other than by ploughing, so as to add to their value
for pasturage, with a statement of the same, premiums, $15, 810

Eor best conducted experiments in renovating and improving
waste lands so as to add to their agricultural value, with statement
of the same, premiums, $15, $ 10

No premium to be awarded to any person for a repetition of an
experiment in meadow, swamp or pasture lands, for which he has
already received a premium.

UNDER-DRAINING LAND.

For best conducted experiments in under-draining land, regard
being had to the variety of soil, sub-soil, and other local circum-
stances, premiums, $15, $10

MANURES.

For most exact and satisfactory experiments, in the preparation
and application of manures, whether animal, vegetable or mineral,
premiums, $15, $10

COMPARATIVE VALUE OF CROPS AS FOOD FOR

CATTLE.

For most satisfactory experiment upon a stock of cattle, not less
than four in number, in ascertaining the relative value of different
kinds of fodder used in feeding neat stock for milk and other pur-
poses, with a statement in detail of the quantity and value of the
same, as compared with English hay, premium, $25

FATTENING CATTLE AND SWINE.

For most satisfactory experiments in fattening Cattle or Swine,
with a statement in detail of the process and result, premiums,

$10, $5

GRAIN AND OTHER CROPS.

Claimants on Grain and Root Crops will be required to state the
size of the piece of land, when they enter, and conform to the fol-
lowing rules: Eutries of Grain Crops to be made on or before Sep-
tember 10th; Root Crops on or before October 10th; giving ample
time for the crops to be examined by the committee before har-
vesting. Statement, to be made in conformity with the following
form, must be forwarded to the Committee previous to November
1st.

196

All calculations and figures given in reports of, and statements
of Crops are to be made on the basis of an acre, results, in all
cases, to be given at tbe rate per acre.

In pursuance of authority delegated to tbe Board of Agriculture
by Chap. 24 of Acts of 1862, Agricultural Societies receiving the
bounty of the State are required to make use of tbe following
form, and be governed by its conditions iu tbe mode of ascertain-
ing tbe amount of crops entered for premium.

Essex Agkicultural Society. — Statement concerning a crop
of , raised by Mr. -, in the town of , - — , 1887.

What was tbe crop of 1886 ? What manure was used and bow
much ? What was tbe crop of 1887 ? What manure was used and
bow much ? What is the nature of tbe soil ? When, and how
many times ploughed, and how deep ? What other preparation for
the seed ? Cost of ploughing and other preparation ? Amount of
manure, in loads of thirty bushels, and how applied ? Value of
manure upon the ground ? (What amount of Commercial Fer-
tilizer used ? How used ? Value of same when applied ?) When
and how planted ? The amount and kind of seed ? Cost of seed
and planting '? How cultivated, and how many times ? Cost of cul-
tivation, including weeding and thinning ? Time and manner of
harvesting ? Cost of harvesting, including the storing and husking
or threshing ? Amount of crop, etc. Signed by , Competitor.

Tbe committee, to whom is entrusted the award of the premiums
on field crops, may award them according to their judgment, but
for the purpose of furnishing accurate statistics for the benefit of
agriculture, shall select certain of the crops, and require the owners
thereof to measure the land and weigh the crops accurately, giving
to the committee a certificate of the same, and give all possible
information thereou over their own signatures, and return the
same to the Secretary of the Society, to be published in the annual
transactions.

Iu ascertaining the amount of crop, any vessel may be used and
the weight of its contents once, multiplied by the number of times
it is tilled by the crop.

In measuring the land, or weighing crops, any competent person
may be employed, whether a sworn surveyor or not, aud must give
certificate.

The certificates shall state tbe weight of all crops only in a mer-
chantable state.

In ascertaining the amount of a hay crop entered for premium,
the measurement of the hay in tbe barn may be employed.

Rules of Measure Practiced and Adopted by the State
Board of Agriculture.

Wheat, Potatoes, Sugar Beets, Ruta Bagas, Mangold Wurtzel,
White Beans and Peas, 60 lbs. to bush.

Corn, Kye, 50 " "

Oats 32 " "

Barley, Buckwheat, 48 " "

Cracked Corn, Corn aud Rye, and other meal, except Oats,

50 lbs. to bush.
Parsnips, Carrots, 55 " '"

Onions, 52 " •'

197

1. For the best conducted experiments of Rye, not less than
twenty bushels to the acre, fifiy-six pounds to the bushel, on not
less than one acre, premiums, 810, $5

2. For best conducted experiments of Wheat, not less than
thirty bushels to the acre, sixty pounds to the bushel, on not less
than one acre, premiums, £10, £5

3. For best conducted experiments of Oats, not less than fifty
bushels to the acre, thirty-two pounds to the bushel, on not less
than one acre, premiums, £10, $5

4. For best conducted experiments of Barley, not less tban
forty bushels to the acre, forty-eight pounds to the bushel, on not
less than one acre, premiums, £10, £5

5. For best conducted experiments of Indian Corn, not less
than one acre, premiums, £10, £o

6. For largest quantity and best quality of English Hay, on not
less than one acre, regard being had to the mode and cost ot culti-
vation, premiums, £10, £o

7. For best yield of Field Beans, on not less than half acre, and
not less than twenty-five bushels per acre, premiums, $10, £5

ROOT CROPS.

1. For best conducted experiments in raising Carrots, fifty-five
pounds to the bushel, premiums, £10, £5

2. For -best conducted experiments in raising Parsnips, fifty-five
pounds to the bushel, premiums, £10, £5

3. For best conducted experiments in raising Ruta Bagas, sixty
pounds to the bushel, premiums, £10, £5

4. For best conducted experiments in raising Mangold Wurt-
zels, sixty pounds to the bushel, premiums, £10, £5

5. For best conducted experiment in raising Sugar Beets, sixty
pounds to the bushel, premiums, £10, £5

6. For best conducted experiments in raising Onions, fifty-two
pounds to the bushel, premiums, £10, £5

7. For best conducted experiments in raising Potatoes, sixty
pounds to the bushel, premiums, £10, £5

8. For best conducted experiments in raising Cabbages, pre-
miums, £10, £5

9. For best -conducted experiments in raising Squashes, pre-
miums, £10, £5

10. For best conducted experiments in raising Summer English
Turnips for the market, premiums, £10, £5

Raised on not less than half an acre, and the quantity of crop to
be ascertained by weight, so far as practicable, the crops to be free
from dirt, without tops, and in a merchantable condition at the
time of measurement.

Claimants for premiums on Grain or Root Crops must forward
statement to chairman of committee before Nov. 1st.

FOREST TREES.

1. For best plantation of either of the following species of
forest trees, viz.: — White Oak, Yellow Oak, Locust, Birch, White
Ash, Maple, Walnut, or White Pine, not less than three years old,
ana not less than 1000 trees, premium, £20

198

2. For best do., of not less than 600 trees, premium, $10

3. For best lot of ornamental trees, ten or more set on any
street, road or farm, and cared for five years, premium, $19

CRANBERRIES.

For best conducted experiment in the cultivation of the Cran-
berry, at least two summers, on not less than twenty rods of land,
with written statement of the quantity and quality of land, ex-
pense ,of planting, weeding and culture, and amount of crops pro-
duced.' Premium to be paid in 1888 or 1889, $15

For best experiment do., on not less than ten rods of land, pre-
mium, $10

For best do., on not less than five rods of land, premium, $10

STRAWBERRIES AND OTHER SMALL FRUITS.

For best crop of Strawberries, on not less than twenty rods of
land, expense of planting, culture, crop, etc., stated in writing,
premium, $10

For best crop Currants, Raspberries and Blackberries, with
statement as above, premiums, each, $10

NEW WINTER APPLES.

For a new variety of Winter Apple, originated in this County,
equal or superior to the Baldwin, premium, $100

For a new variety of like character originating elsewhere, pro-
vided it has been cultivated in the County sufficiently to prove it
equal or superior to the Baldwin for general purposes, premium, $20

For a successful experiment in destroying the codling moth and
other worms destructive to the apple, premium, $25

Note. — Persons wishing to compete for above must notify Secretary, and
furnish scions when culled for under his direction, to be tested by the Society.

SEEDLING POTATOES AND EXPERIMENTS.

For best Seedling Potato, originating in Essex County, to equal
in yield, earliness arid quality, the Early liose, and to surpass it in
one or more of these particulars, premium paid after three years
trial, $25

In testing the value of a seedling Potato, the committee are
instructed to take the sworn testimony of the cultivator with re-
gard to the yield, after having inspected the crop.

For the most satisfactory experiment to extend through five
consecutive years, to settle the following facts relative to raising
potatoes: — premium, $50

1st. Will whole, medium sized Potatoes, yield better results
than pieces cut to two eyes ?

2d. What will be the result of continuously planting small-
sized potatoes of the same strain a series of years ?

3d. Difference between hilling and fiat cultivation.

4th. Effect, if any, of cutting off seed ends before planting.

199

5th. Effects of deep and shallow planting.

6th. Raising from sprouts alone from same strain.

7th. Can potatoes having dwarf vines be planted nearer than
others ?

8th. Best distance apart for seed in the drill.

9th. To show the effect of covering the top with earth at sev-
eral times after they had come up.

To be raised on not less tban a half-acre of land, uniform in
character, and all to receive the same kind and quality of manure
and cultivation, and to be inspected by the committee at the time
of gathering the crops.

NEW MEMBERS.

For the person who obtains the largest number of new members
for the Society from any Town ®r City before the first day of No-
vember next, - $6

Note. — Names of new members, with name of person procuring them, can
be sent as fast as obtained, to the Secretary of the Society, who will make a
record of them.

Persons paying three dollars will receive a " Certificate of Membership,"
which is for life. No fines or assessments are ever imposed and members are
entitled to vote in ail its transactions, with free use of the Library and a copy
of the publication of the Society each year.

ESSAYS AND FARM ACCOUNTS.

The Essays must be transmitted to the Secretary by the 1st of
November, with sealed envelopes containing the names of their
authors, respectively, which shall not be opened by the committee,
nor shall the names be known to the committee until they shall
have decided upon the merits of the Essay.

For original Essays on any subject connected with Agriculture,
in a form worthy of publication, premiums, $15, $10, $8

For best statement of Actual Farm Accounts, drawn from the
experience of the claimant, in a form worthy of publication, pre-
mium, $10

For Reports of Committees, who report upon subjects for which
premiums'are offered by the Society, premiums, $10, $8, $6

For Statements of Exhibitors, premiums, $8, $4

COMMITTEES.

Committees for Judges, and Arrangements for the next Cattle
Show and Fair, are chosen at the Trustees' Meeting in June next.

CONTENTS

Address of William Cogswell, M. D., . . 3

The 67th Exhibition, . . . .16

Keport on Fat Cattle, ... 20

" Bulls, . . . .21

" « Milch Cows, ... 22

" " Heifers, . . 26

« « Working Oxen and Steers, . . 28

" " Town Teams, . . .28

" " Steers, .... 29

" " Stallions, . . . .30

" " Brood Mares, ... 31

" " Family Horses, . . .31

" " Gentlemen's Driving Horses, . 33

" " Farm Horses, . . .33

" " Pairs of Farm Horses, . . 34

" " Colts for Draft Purposes, . . 34

" " Colts for General Purposes, . . 35

" " Swine, . . . .36

" " Sheep, . . . . 36

" " Poultry, . . . .37

" <; Ploughing. ... 43

" " Agricultural Implements, . . 45

" " Carriages, ... 49

" " Dairy, . . . .49

" " Bread, Honey and Preserves, . 50

" " Pears, . . . .54

" " Apples, .... 57

" " Peaches, Grapes, etc., . . .58

" " Flowers, . . . 60

" " Vegetables, . . . .63

" " Grain and Seed, ... 67

" " Counterpanes and Afghans, . . 72

202

Report on Carpets and Rugs,

" " Articles manufactured from Leather,

" " Manufactures and General Merchandise,

" " Fancy Work and Works of Art,

" « Children's Work, .

" " Improving Wet Meadows,

" " Improving Pasture Land,

" " Underdraining Land,

" " Grain Crops,

" " Root Crops, .

" " Ornamental Trees,

" " Cranberries,

" " Fruit Crops,

" " New Winter Apples (Writer 87 years of age).

" " New Members.

" " Treadwell Farm (Society's,
Farmers' Institutes,
Essay, Reclaiming Rocky Pastures,
Essay, Annuals and their Cultivation, .
Essay, Cranberry Culture on Cape Cod,
Report on Essays and Reports,
Report — In Meraoriam,*
Treasurer's Report,
List of Premiums Awarded,
Recapitulation of Premiums,
Officers of the Society,
New Members,
Changes of Members,
Corrections of 1886, List,
List of Officers since Organization of Society,
List of Premiums offered for 1888,

102

107

118

119

121

122

125

133

141

149

154

157

166

167

174

176

177

17S

178

179

180

*Died at Haverhill July 14, 1887, William Jeffers, age 68, and Sept.
21, 1887, Timothy J. Goodrich, age 87. Notice of these deaths was
received from the Trustee at Haverhill too late to be given elsewhere,
and more in detail.

TRANSACTIONS

FOR THE YEAR 1888,

LuufJA AuilluULlUi|AL oUulrJlI,

(ORGANIZED, 1818.)

COUNTY OF ESSEX,

IX MA SSA CH I TSK ITS,

Sixty-sixth Annual Address,

Hon. HORATIO G. HERRICK,

OF LAWRENCE.

WITH PREMIUM LIST FOR 1889.

PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE SOCIETY.

SALEM, MASS.:

SALEM OBSERVER BOOK AND JOB PRINT,.

1 8 -S 8 .

ADDRESS.

Mr. President and Members of the Essex Count// Agri-
cultural Society : —

Although with many misgivings as to my ability to
interest or instruct, it is nevertheless with a pardonable
pride, as it seems to me, that I stand here to-day. selected
by the Trustees of this now venerable society, to address
you ; and am thus honored with a place in the long line
of men of our own county — all of them — who have
preceded me in this duty for now seventy successive
years, with only an occasional exception in its earlier
days. They were, and are, many of them, illustrious and
distinguished in the various walks of life, not only in
agricultural pursuits, but in all the professions, in litera-
ture and science. Some of them have been of national,
and more than national fame ; others have quietly and
unobtrusively pursued their farmer's life among us, fol-
lowing their own ploughs, cultivating their own acres,
raising their own crops, but interesting and instructing
in their addresses no less than those of wider fame and
broader culture.

By no means the least of the many benefits conferred
by this society has been the pleasant association of
many good men, old and young, during the many years of
its existence, from all parts of the county ; and the
forming of new. and the renewal of old acquaintance-
ships and friendships, — at the annual meeting of members,
at the more general meeting of the people in the exhi-

bition hall, at the ploughing match and among the stock
pens, at meetings of trustees and committees, and, im
later years, at the Farmers' Institutes.

Without any boasting, there is no other such county
agricultural society in the Commonwealth. In most of
the other counties there are several, aside from the town
societies. The people do not there as here, all come
together at the annual Fair of one.

Middlesex has three; Worcester, five; and several
others, two. We have but one. The original and the
present Essex Society covers the whole county, and. in
our itinerating habit we go into all parts of it.

An observation of many years leads me to believe that
there is no county in the Commonwealth where the ac-
quaintance of the people with each other is so general, —
where so many people know so many other people, as in
this. While our territorial compactness, and the unusual
facilities of transportation and travel between one town
and another, may have much to do with this, it is yet, I
think, attributable largely, if not chiefly, to this society —
to the men who have sustained it, and to the method of
conducting its fairs and its other business, bringing to-
gether, year after year, large numbers of the best of our
people. And when I say no two days in the year are
mure enjoyable or anticipated with greater pleasure than
these of our annual fair, I am quite sure I express the
feeling of many of you, as well as my own. Nowhere
are there heartier or more cordial greetings, nowhere can
be found a happier or better company of men and women.

While it may not have been the original purpose of
this society, as it is not now its definite or specific aim, to
improve the social, moral or intellectual condition of the
people, yet such unquestionably has been the result.

The men who, seventy years ago, in Cyrus Cummings'
tavern in Topsfield, organized it, were wise, far seeing,
public-spirited, patriotic men ; and, while they may have
"builded better than they knew," they could not have
failed to consider and to anticipate that the work they
were doing had other aspects of usefulness and a broader
significance than simply the improvement of agriculture
in the county, important as that was. And those on
whom, year by year, and generation by generation, their
mantle has fallen, and who have with such prudence,
wisdom and high regard for public honor and private
virtue, managed its affairs, or have been largely influential
in all its work, in its unvarying success and long con-
tinued usefulness, have been their worthy successors and
representatives.

As Dr. Loring said, so wisely and so truly, in his semi-
centennial address in 1868— " The history of our society
is identified with almost every active movement for the
advancement of Essex County for the last fifty years. In
the early days of its existence the leading statesmen,
lawyers and educators and farmers of our county came
up to its support as to a common cause, believing in agri-
culture as the foundation of the best social and civil
organization, and inspired with that love of the land
which always characterizes a brave and lo}ral people.
Within this circle all religious and political controversies-
have been stilled ; all social rivalries and distinctions have
been forgotten."

The specific purpose and object of this society undoubt-
edly is, as its name implies, and as all its history goes to
show the promotion and advancement of agriculture, and
its closely allied pursuits of horticulture, floriculture and
arboriculture, right here in our own county of Essex,

among our own people, and, without being justly charge-
able with selfishness, first of all for our own benefit.
But we, for ourselves, and representing the farmers of
the county, are interested not only in agriculture but in
the good order and well being of society, in establishing
and maintaining good homes, the best citizenship and the
best social life.

You are here, we are all here, as men and citizens,
proud of our citizenship, appreciating its privileges and
its blessings, desirous and determined to transmit them
to our children and our children's children, impressed, I
trust, with a sense of the high duties and responsibilities
it imposes, and recognizing always the constant claims of
society and the state upon us.

The best farmer, in the largest and best sense of the
word, is the best citizen ; that is to say, the better the
farmer the better the citizen.

He is honest — honest with himself, honest with his
ground. He is not always taking from it and never re-
turning ; he gives back a fair share of what he takes
from it ; he does not expect " to eat his cake and have it
too." If he takes away potash, or nitrogen, or phosphoric
acid, he will put some back in one way or another —
either returning it in kind or growing a crop that does
not call for it, and allowing the forces of nature and her
resources, in earth or air, time and opportunity to make
restoration. He does not believe that plants of any kind
will grow with nothing to feed on. Win- will a man
waste his time, labor and money scratching over ten acres
when he hasn't manure enough for but five ? and when
the five will give him a better immediate return, and in
each successive year also, than the ten, with half the
labor ? Any man, you will say, is a fool to buy ten shares

of stock that will pay only o per cent., when lie can buy
five that will pay 6 for half the money.

He is honest with his soil, and will not expect a "good
stand of grass " from a peck where he ought to have
sowed a bushel, nor will he cheat himself by mixing a
little old onion seed, left over from last year, with his
new, rather than waste it by throwing it away, as he
ought to.

He is honest with his stock, and will not think he can
cheat his cattle and horses out of good feed and full
rations and yet get good work out of them every day in
the year, and twenty quarts of milk from his cows. In
fine, he will not expect to get something from nothing.

He is honest with his neighbors, lie will be more than
what hard-faced men call honest. He will be accommo-
dating and neighborly ; he will not persist in keeping a
breach v cow or ox to the great damage and constant
annoj^ance of his neighbor; he will wring the neck of
every fowl he has, rather than that they should scratch.
up his neighbor's garden, and eat his tomatoes and corn ;
will be the Good Samaritan always, rather than Priest or
Levite. Finally, he will be " honest in the sight of all
men."

He seeks lo have the best home, and when 1 say
home, 1 mean a /tome, not one of the highest style in
furniture, in ornaments, and decorations and table appoint-
ments, not the foolish apeing of fashion and wealth —
but a home of comfort, of peace, of good breeding, good
manners, of love and hospitality.

The best farmer is what St. Paul said a Bishop ought
to be — and I don't know why a farmer shouldn't be as
good a man as a Bishop — "blameless, the husband of one
wife, vigilant, sober, of good behaviour, given to hospital-

ity, not given to wine, no striker, not greedy of filthy
lucre : but patient, not a brawler, not covetous : one that
ruleth well his own house, having his children in subjec-
tion with all gravity."*

He is intelligent; he reads: he thinks: and if some-
times he reads less he thinks and observes the more. He
is intelligent enough to investigate — if not with the ac-
curacy and thoroughness of the scientific man, yet with
the sound, common sense of the practical man — new
theories and new suggestions connected with farm and
garden, and to accept and use every new discovery of
science, so far as applicable or useful in his calling. He
does not trouble himself much, perhaps, with philosophi-
cal speculations, and Darwin and Herbert Spencer may
not be as familiar to him as Professor Goessman's reports
from the experiment station at the Agricultural College,
the Reports of the State Board, the "Massachusetts
Ploughman and the New England Farmer. He may not
.give much attention to the various theories of evolution,
but he does believe in heredity, that "blood will tell,"
and in "the survival of the fittest:'* and if the fittest
will not survive without help he will make it survive.
He believes in making the fittest calf and colt, the fittest
plant and vegetable and fruit survive, and with almost
Spartan indifference and coolness he will get rid of all
inferior and defective animals and plants and fruits.

He believes in agriculture as a science and as an art.
With the science he does not claim to be familiar, but he
will not presume to rail against scientific deductions and
teachings — against the facts of science — but will test
them by his own good sense, by careful observation and
experience, and by a practical, actual application. He
believes in availing himself, as far as possible, of every

aid within his reach. He sees with his own eyes what
great advancement has been made in farming-, and recog-
nizes the important part science has had in effecting it,
and especially, it ought to be said here, does he acknowl-
edge the obligation every farmer, in this Commonwealth
at least, is under to Professor Gcessman, of the Agricul-
tural College, for his investigations and experiments, and
to the Board of Control of the experiment station, and
•to the State Board of Agriculture for publishing them.

And not to them only, but to the College itself, is the
agriculture of the Commonwealth greatty indebted. By
it a great stimulus has been given to agricultural pursuits
and agricultural and its related studies, among our young
men particularly; nor is the number limited by any
means, to its students and graduates. It has largely
tended to place, indeed it has placed, the farmer and the
business of farming abreast with what have been called
the learned professions, with every occupation that calls
for intelligent and educated men. It has showed to the
people that good farming makes a draft on brains, as well
as on muscle, and that the draft is quite as likely to be
honored as in mercantile, professional, mechanical, or
scientific life. It has showed to young men, or has great-
ly helped to show them, that the field for gratifying a high
and honorable ambition is as promising here in agriculture
as elsewhere, and that the way is as open and inviting to
him as elsewhere, to an honorable position in society and
to the honors that come in civil life, to a place among the
educated and influential men of his town or his state.
And to this, the farmer — the young farmer — has a right,
and it is his duty to expect to be called.

I think it will be agreed that there has been, in the last
fifteen years, a large increase in the number of intelligent,

well educated young farmers in our county and in the
Commonwealth, and as they grow older, and as the num-
ber increases, as I doubt not it will, they will surely come
to be recognized, as they ought to be, as important forces
and factors in all that goes to make the best society, the
noblest state, in education, in legislation, in morals.

Of course I do not mean to say that all the students
and graduates of the college have become farmers ; but a
large proportion of them have, or have entered upon pur-
suits closely connected with agriculture. Those who
have not, have gone out with a high respect — much dif-
ferent from what they would have had but for their con-
nection with the college — for the farmer's life and pur-
suits ; and ready, as they grow into influential positions
in life, to identify themselves with their interests and to
recognize their rights in society and in the state.

There have been thirty-eight young men connected
with the college from this count}', since its establishment.
Of this number nineteen have graduated ; others have
taken a partial course ; four are now in college ; ten are
engaged in farming pursuits.'

The best farmer does not cling to, nor discard, old ways
and appliances because they are old ; nor sneer at a thing
because it is new, nor lose his head and run wild over
every new invention, or new seed, or new feltilizer. He
carries on his farm, not for the poetry or romance of the
thing — as a mere sentiment — but as a profession, a busi-
ness, from which to get a living and something more ;
but he is not therefore insensible to the charms of nature
— neither his ears or his eyes are closed to her beauties or
to her voices.

Have you ever stood by a potter's wheel and seen what
will come out of a lump of clay ? If not, go over to

1 1

Beverly and stand by the potter's wheel there, as he takes
a piece of soft, shapeless clay and places it on his wheel*
and watch the process, how, under the magic touch of his
hand and fingers and the correctness of his eye, and the
genius within him, it will begin to grow out of its un-
comeliness and to take on new and changing forms until,
ere you know it, it has become a marvel, almost the per-
fection, of beauty. Our best farmer — hard and prosaic
as some superficial, blatant prater about the beauties of
nature may think him to be, sees a process constantly
going on of which the potter's work is only a semblance,
a suggestion. He sees, and is not forever talking about
it either, forms of beauty springing up and developing at
his very feet and all about him, filling his eyes — the work
of the Divine Potter. He is not the stolid, stupid wight
many a man who ought to know better, or who puts on a
patronizing air for what he thinks he can make out of it,
takes him to be. He says, or if he does not say, he feels,
with Bryant,

•' My heart is awed within me when I think

Of the great miracle that still goes on,

In silence, round me — the perpetual work

Of thy creation, finished, yet renewed

Forever."
He may not go into rhapsodies over bleating Hocks, and
lowing herds and the breath of kine, but he does know
a good cow when he sees her, and can see every line of
beauty in her too — in her head and her horns, in her
neck and body, milk veins and udder, especially if she
fills a ten-quart pail night and morning. He knows
some things about cows better even than a former Judge
of one of our higher courts. The Judge was holding a
court in one of the western counties (say Berkshire), and
after the adjournment for the day, taking a walk, he met

another Judge whose home was in the same town. Said
the latter, as they met, "Well Judge, what have you been
trying in your court to-day?'* "We have been all day
trying a case about a farrow cow." "By the way,
Judge," said he, " what is a farrow cow ?" " A farrow
cow, Judge !" said the other, noted for his humor, with a
twinkle in his eye, " don't you know what a farrow cow
is ? A farrow cow is a heifer that never had a calf," and
on that theory I suppose that case was tried through.

Robert Burns consoled himself over his defeat in a
stooking match, saying, " Weel ! but /made a sang- while
1 was stooking." Even our best farmer may not be able
to do that, nor to make as sweet a song as did Burns
when he turns up a mouse's nest with his plough, but he
will walk in the furrow and work in the harvest field,
with a more hopeful and thankful heart, and go to bed
sober.

The best farmer will recognize, always, the wisdom and
goodness of an All-wise Providence, and will s6e in the
returning seasons, in the heavens above him and in the
earth beneath his feet, in the gently falling dew, in the
snow and the rain, in the heat of summer and the cold
of winter, in the fiercest rays of a summer sun and in the
drizzly, foggy dog days, in the quiet beauty of the Indian
summer and the harvest moon, and no less in the melan.
choly days of chill November, —

" The saddest of the year, —

Of wailing winds, and naked woods

And meadows brown and sere,"
the same Divine Father, who, it is said, "left not himself
without witness, in that He did good, and'gave us rain
from heaven and fruitful seasons, filling our hearts with
food and gladness ;" and " without whose notice not even
a sparrow falleth to the ground."

With more trials, vexations arid annoyances, and more
frequent temptations to complain of his lot, and more
unexpected losses — here and there — than a man in almost
any other calling, he will still, remembering- the great
compensations of his life, possess his soul in patience,
and learn from daily experience and observation how best
to provide against avoidable accidents ; at least, will
make it sure they do not come from his own carelessness
and neglect. Pursuing the even tenor of his way, paying
his taxes without grumbling, going to town meetings and
sometimes having something to say, and to church ; send-
ing his children to school, and, perhaps, one to college,
he is not carried off his feet, nor disturbed by all he reads
and hears about great fortunes made in a day, or, if not
quite so rapidly, yet at the expense of honor and honesty,
of health and the enjoyments of home ; nor by great
booms in real estate somewhere in the South or AVest.
He will not sell his farm for half what it is worth and go-
to Florida or Southern California, in the expectation of
more money and less labor in the orange groves of the
former state and the marvellous growths of trees and
fruits and vegetables of the latter.

He hears the call to " fresh fields and pastures new,"
and he longs for them, but he believes in having them at
home — making them with his own hands, by his own
labor and skill, by good cultivation, with good manure
and enough of it. He is not deluded by the cry of a
virgin soil of unexampled fertility in far off western
fields, when he can restore the fertility of the old and
bring back the more than blushing beauty, the vitality
and productive capacity of the earlier and youthful life.

One of the orators of this society, years ago, said in
his address. " the first and great motive to be urged upon

the owner of the farm house, is, to secure thereto the
attachment of his children."

Indorsing this eminently true sentiment, I would en-
large it, and add to it, by saying, that among- our first
duties at least, is to secure the attachment of our children,
and strengthen our own, not only to their and our own
farms and farm houses — our own homes — but to the good
old county itself, to all that has made it what it has been
and is. And what it has been— in the origin, habits and
character of its people — has made it what it is. This is
especially true as to the agricultural portion of the people,
for upon the character of a people depends very largely
the character of its agriculture. Out of the character
and habits of the farmers of this county for more than
two centuries has grown their character of to-day.

On this occasion, in this ancient town, in this presence,
before an almost exclusively Essex county audience, I
cannot believe it to be out of place to say, that we can-
not too often recall the circumstances of the immigration
of our ancestors to the shores of Massachusetts Bay, to
the harbor of Naumkeag. Nor can we too thoroughly
study their character, their motives, their lives ; or be-
come too familiar with the story of their heroic sufferings,
their patient endurance, their exposures to all the dangers
and perils of a new country and an inhospitable climate,
subsisting, as it is said, on " clams, ground nuts and
acorns ;" with their sacrifices of the comforts and luxuries
of their homes of ease and plenty left forever behind
them ; the sundering of family ties and all the dear re-
lationships of home.

It can never be in vain that we look back upon the men
from whom we have sprung, and trace through the inter-
mediate years the steps they, and the generations follow-

ing, have trod in the paths of social life, of trade and
commerce and agriculture, in all the untried walks and
ways of men who laid the foundations and built this fair
fabric of government. It can never be in vain that we
bring before us the long, illustrious procession of honored
names of the Colony, the Province, and the Revolution,
and of later years. It is a strong, natural propensity to
do so, if they be of our kindred, but it is no less a solemn
duty to acknowledge the obligation Ave are under to
them, whether of our kindred or not. Their honor, their
devotion to a sense of duty, their achievments, their
lives — all are our common heritage. Nor can we preserve
what they wrought for themselves and for us, without a
careful and an appreciative study and comprehension of
what they were and what they did.

Nowhere as in this ancient county of Essex, can we
walk about as in their very footsteps, and stand as it
were in their very presence. The very ground on which
we tread, in many parts of this county seems almost
resonant with the echoes of their footsteps, and the air
filled with the voices of the sturdy men and brave
women, the picture of whose lives and character two cen-
turies have not dimmed, to him who looks upon it with
loving eyes.

Here in Essex, the best farmer — as he is the best citizen
always — believes in Essex county, in her history, her
traditions, the character of her people from the first until
now ; nor does witchcraft or the persecution of Quakers
and heretics shake his faith. He believes in the seed
originally planted here more than two hundred and fifty
years ago, and in the vitality and product of it, as it has
appeared and grown generation after generation until
now. He believes in Conant and Endicott, and Brad-

street and Saltonstall and Nathaniel Ward of Ipswich and
his " Body of Laws."' and their compeers and successors,
names equally worthy, hut too long- a list to call here, —
in their independence, their courage, their endurance,
their faith and piety — that the high qualities which dis-
tinguished them have been perpetuated in their descen-
dants, and that we owe them a debt of gratitude it were
hard to pay. And as they, with all our early ancestors,
came across the sea for freedom of conscience, and to
escape the intolerable exactions of church and state, to
hardship, to privation, and to an unbroken wilderness,
the best citizen, whether farmer or not, remembering
their immigration and our descent, and the many thou-
sands who have since come to us from every land, English-
men, Irishmen, Germans and Scandinavians, and who
have become a part of our best citizenship in every sphere
of life, welcomes those who still come to us, provided they
are of the kind who wish to become, and will make good
citizens, honest, law-abiding, ready to do any honest
work : but he has no welcome nor open arms for, but the
strongest possible protest against, paupers, criminals, and
anarchists.

He believes that no other county in the Commonwealth
has a Merrimac river running its entire length on one
side — once making its way unvexed to the sea, but now,
subject to the brain and hand of man, turning hundreds
of wheels and driving innumerable spindles, supporting,
or the smiling witness to the multiform industries, and
the homes of its beautiful, busy and thriving towns and
cities ; and, on the other, a sea coast like that from
Nahant to the extreme point of Cape Ann.

That nowhere else in this Commonwealth, as in our
own count}' — with an area of less than five hundred

-square miles, being territorially one of the smaller coun-
ties, while it is the third in the aggregate, and second in
the density, of population, can be found so many cities
and large and populous towns, as well distributed over
the county, the people of which are chiefly engaged in
manufactures, where all are consumers and few producers
of the farmers' products, furnishing a market almost at
his door for every product of farm and garden, and a
steam railroad to every town in the county save Nahant
and West Newbury, and to the latter, a horse railroad.

Consider for a moment, and as you consider, imagine
you have a map of the county before you. There are
I/ynn with 50,000 inhabitants ; Salem with 30,000; Glou-
cester with nearly or quite 25,000 ; Newburyport with
15,000 : Haverhill with about 25,000 ; Lawrence with
40,000, together with the large towns of Marblehead,
Peabody, Beverly, Danvers, Amesbury and the Andovers.
And then add to the permanent population, the large and
constantly increasing number of summer residents, almost
literally covering our marvellously beautiful sea-shore,
for three or four months of the year, giving employment
to hundreds of mechanics and laborers, and ready to eat
and pay for about everything the farmers of that part of
the county can raise. And consider further, that of the
three hundred and fifty towns in the Commonwealth
more than half of the towns of Essex are within the first
one hundred in population — that in the manufacture of
boots and shoes, leather, carriages, clothing (including
hats), and flax, hemp and jute goods, in fisheries and
quarrying, and ship building, the county of Essex takes
the lead of every other, except, in some few instances,
Suffolk.

Think again of the mills and machine shops of Law-

rence, Metlmen, the Audovers and Amesbury; the tan-
neries of Peabody and Salem ; the shoe factories of Lynn
and Haverhill, and many of the smaller towns : the car-
riage manufacturing of Amesbury and Merrimac : the
fisheries of Gloucester and the quarrying of Rockporty
with the great variety of smaller industries in almost
every town; and then ask yourselves if the farmer's
opportunities and advantages in Essex county are equalled
by those of any other.

But " does farming pay?" is the question often asked,
and properly. Without stopping to ask what the ques-
tioner means by "pay," or to discuss what is a fair equiva-
lent for a man's labor of brain, or hand, or both, save to
answer no, if he means a great fortune, as that word goes
nowadays, 1 have only time to say this, in closing this
address.

Confessedly agriculture is the great business of this
country. It leads every other, almost all others put to-
gether. It is the foundation of all material national
prosperity and success. However many failures there are
in it, however many who are poor, who live from hand to
mouth (and all statistics, confirmed by any careful obser-
vation and investigation, will show there are less than in
any other occupation), can it be possible that a business
which has more invested in it, and the products of which
are greater than in any other, that carries every other on
its back and the back not broken yet, but rather growing
stiffer and stronger every dnyy can fail to be reasonably
remunerative at least, to him who conducts it wisely ?
The truth is, some it pays, and some it does not ; like
every other business, it depends on the man.

To the farmer his farm is the principal part of his
capital. If he allows a large part of it to lie idle, neg-

lected and unimproved, he cannot expect any return
from it, but rather, with its inevitable depreciation, with
taxes, cost of fences, etc., that not only it, but himself,
will grow poorer. And herein is a fair illustration of
what demagogues ring the charges on, that "the rich
grow richer and the poor poorer." It is as true now as
when the words were first uttered, and will be forever
true — " To him that hath shall be given, and from him
that hath not shall be taken awa}T even that he hath."

It may possibly do sometimes, under some circumstan-
ces, to allow ground to lie fallow — it may do for the pur-
pose of experiment, by scientific men — a man may do so
who has so much land that he does not know what to do
with it, but as a practice it don't do at all. The old
prophets who cried so vigorously to their countrymen to
break up the fallow ground of their hearts, evidentlj'- knew
what fallow ground was, and that fallow ground and
hard hearts are alike unproductive of any good thing
and will surely bring the possessor to grief.

To the farmer who complies with all reasonable require-
ments and conditions of success in his occupation equally
with the manufacturer, the merchant, the mechanic, the
lawyer or the doctor in his ; who lays his plans for more
than one season : who thinks the ground is equal to and
the season long enough for more than one crop, often for
several ; who believes that he, as well as the sagacious
merchant or capitalist, can turn his capital over often ;
who takes advantage of the teachings of science, of his
own and other people's observation and experience : who
has learned how to draw up the moisture from below the
surface and to bring it down from above ; who believes
the time has gone by in a farmer's business when brain is
divorced from hand, — to him the ground will respond,

and respond generously, to every reasonable demand.
He will then conclude, after all, as 1 doubt not most of
us have concluded, that the actual productive capabilities
of a single acre of land have not yet been fully ascer-
tained.

SIXTY-EIGHTH

Annual Cattle Show and Fair

The Cattle Show and Fair of this Society opened under
very favorable circumstances on Sept. 25th, at Peabody,
with good weather, a good show and good attendance, giv-
ing promise of a great success, which changed before the
dawn of the 26th to bad weather, very bad, with a miser-
able show (on the grounds), and no attendance except
from necessity, and curiosity for effects.

The exhibits on the Show Grounds exceeded by 126 the
number of the previous year. In the Exhibition Halls the
entries were seven more than the previous year ; the show of
fruit was less in quantity although of average quality. The
exhibit of Domestic Manufactures was larger and better as a
whole than the year previous. For particulars of Hall Ex-
hibits reference may be had to the report of Superintendent
of Hall, preceding reports of Hall Committees.

On the morning of the second day, the violent gale blew
down the k- Poultry Tent," damaging it badly, although
with very little damage to its contents. Some of the coops
were broken, and their inmates, when captured, were put
into the first coops handy, causing a mixture of breeds and
ownerships that took days to straighten. The Poultry
Judge, who was at work in the tent with a few lookers on,
had to jump and run, at the warning rip of the tent, and
narrowly escaped injury ; the Superintendent of the Grounds
barely escaping a heavy blow on the head from a slatting
stake as the tent went down.

In a short time the lk Implement Tent," also containing the
exhibit of Carriages, went down without damage to its con-
tents other than by water. At 10 A. M. not a tent re-
mained standing upon the grounds. Most of the stock had

been provided for under cover, but the storm was so severe
and having done so much damage, it was decided to allow
the stock to he taken away, and indefinitely postpone the
plowing match and trial of harrows.

A fine evening following the storm brought out a fair at-
tendance at the hall, and it having heen decided to keep
the hall exhibit open another day, the attendance on
the third day saved the Society from financial loss, the
total receipts meeting the expenses of the Fair with a small
balance left.

On Wednesday, the second day of the Fair, notwith-
standing the storm and without the formality of the usual
procession, the memhers and others, with a good sprinkling
of ladies, went to the Peabody Institute and listened to an
excellent address from Hon. Horatio G. Herrick of Law-
rence, as all who listened to it and all who have read the
preceding pages will testify. The audience joined in sing-
ing "America," after the opening prayer by Rev. Mr.
Sprague, of Peabody, and with "Old Hundred" before
the benediction, and they were sung with fervency and zeal.

After the address steps were taken to the Rink, where
the Annual Dinner was well served and appreciated, after
which President Ware was " caned " very handsomely by
Dr. William Cogswell of Bradford, in behalf of the mem-
hers of the Society, who desired to present him with some
testimonial of their esteem and appreciation of his long,
faithful service and interest in the Society's welfare. The
speeches which followed from Hon. William R. Sessions,
Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture, Hon. George
B. Loring, Gen. William Cogswell, M. C, Hon. H. G. Her-
rick, Hon. Asa T. Newhall, and others, were the best of
after-dinner speeches, — witty, patriotic, enthusiastic and
instructive, — and those who were kept away by the storm
will never know what they lost, which those present did.
Letters of regret at their inability to be present from Gen.
B. F. Butler, and members of Congress from Essex County
Districts, were read. A resolution was passed extending
the Society's thanks to the Boston & Maine Railroad, the

Town Officers of Peabocly, the Chief Marshal and his aids,
and others who had rendered efficient aid in arranging and
managing the Annual Exhibition. Those present, also by
vote, expressed themselves in favor of the Trustees having
the Fair held another year in Peabody.

The Entries in the several departments of the Fair for the
two years in Peabody, 1887 and 1888, are tabulated for
comparison, as follows: —

STOCK, IMPLEMENTS, ETC., ON FREE SHOW GROUNDS.

Entries
Class. in
188S.

From Dif-
ferent pi aces
in 1888.

Entries From
in ferent pli

1887. . in 188'

Dif-

ices

Fat Cattle, 4

Bulls, 10

Milch Cows, 9

Herd of Milch Cows, 1

Heifers, First Class, 6

Heifer Calves, First Class, 4

Heifers, Second Class, 18

Heifer Calves, Sec. Class, 5

Working Oxen & Steers, 10

o
O

Town Teams, 3$

prs. Horses? 0
prs. Oxen. ) "

T S 11 Yoke ?
1 I Oxen. $

Steers, 2

Stallions, First Class, 4

Stallions, Second Class, 4

Brood Mares, 10

Family Horses, 8

Gents' Driving Horses, 7

Farm Horses, 10

Pairs of Farm Horses, 8

Colts for Draft Purposes, 2

Colts for Gen'l Purposes, 16

Swine, First Class, 14

. 3

Swine, Second Class, 5

Sheep, 5

Poultry, 123

Harrows for trial, 3*

Agricultural Implements,63

New exhibit.

Carriages,

Ploughing,

Total on Free Show

—

Grounds,

381

255

EXHIBITS IX HALL.

Class.

Dairy,

Bread, Honey and

Preserves,
Pears,
Apples,
Peaches, Grapes and

Assorted Fruits,
Flowers,
Vegetables,
Grain and Seed,
Counterpanes and

Afghans,
Carpetings and Rugs,
Articles mauufactured

from Leather,
Manufactures and

General Mdse.,
Fancy Work and Works

of Art,
Work of Children

under 12 years,

Entries
in

1888.

From Dif-
ferent Towns
and cities
in 1888.

From Dif-

Kntiies feieiit Towns
in and ( iiie>
1887. in 1887.

236

275

2.0

246

320

121

399

299

105

2!>

257

22; »

1673

1666

Grand Total, 2054 entries from 32, out of 35 towns and
cities in Essex County, against 1921 entries from 33 towns
and cities last year. Merrimac, Methuen and Nahant did
not have exhibits this year. The entries were from
Amesbury, 26: Andover, 11 ; Beverly, 36 ; Boxford, 27 :.

Bradford, 22 ; Danvers, 211 ; Essex, 82; Georgetown, 1]^
Gloucester, 1 ; Groveland, 11 ; Hamilton, 5 ; Haverhill,
32; Ipswich, 13; Lawrence, 12; Lynn, 103; Lynnfield,
22; Manchester, 1; xMarblehead, 110; Middleton, 37;
Newbury, 62 ; Newburyport, 11 ; North Andover, 17 ;
Peabody, 831; Rockport, 1; Rowley, 21; Salem, 180;
Salisbury, 2; Saugus, 19; Swampscott, 17; Topsneld, 20;
Wenhain, 9 ; West Newbury, 31 ; Out of the County, 26 ;
Unknown, 2.

KEPOKTS OF COMMITTEES.

FAT CATTLE.

The Committee on Fat Cattle have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :
$>8. First premium, to Daniel Carlton, North Andover,

for 1 pair of oxen, weight 3360 lbs;.
$6. Second premium, to B. P. Richardson, Middleton,

for 1 pair of oxen, weight 3705 lbs.
$7. First premium, to Win. A. Russell, Lawrence, for
Holstein Fresian fat cow, 3 years old, weight 1125
lbs.
$5. Second premium, to Francis O. Kimball, Danvers,
for 1 fat cow, " Topsy," weight 1200 lbs. ; breed,
Hereford. Has given milk one year. Comes in
again in January.
J. N. Rolfe, Wm. H. Smith, S. Swett — Committee.

STATEMENT OF DANIEL CARLTON.

To the Committee on Fat Cattle :
Gentlemen. — The fat cattle I offer for premium are 5

years old, and weighed Sept. 15, on Andover scales, 3360
lbs. They have been worked, more or less, nearly every
day during the summer, having hauled 75 tons of hay, a
large portion from meadows, besides doing other farm
work. When not at work they were given the run of a
brush pasture near the barn, and were stabled every night,
and given two quarts of Indian meal each, with hay or
corn fodder. When doing heavy work in the spring their
grain ration was increased by giving them two quarts each
of cotton seed meal mixed with an equal quantity of shorts
in addition to the Indian meal.

Yours respectfully,

Daniel Carlton.
No. Andover. Sept. 25, 1888.

STATEMENT OP B. P. RICHARDSON.

Sept. 24th.
To tli e Committee on Fat Cattle:

The cattle which T enter for premium are seven years
old and weigh to-day 3705 pounds. I bought them a little
more than a year ago. At that time they were very thin
in flesh and weighed only 2500 pounds. While I have
owned them they have done all the heavy teaming on my
farm. I have fed them on English and meadow hay and
about four quarts of meal each per day, until within about
a month, when I have fed sweet corn fodder instead.

Yours,

B. P. Richardson.

STATEMENT <>K YVM. A. UTSSELL.

To the Committee on Fat Cattle :

I enter for your consideration one three-year-old im-
ported, Registered, Bolstein Fresian heifer, weight 1425 lbs.
This heifer is barren and has never been in heat. Her

feed the past summer has been pasture and 4 qts. of meal
per day.

Respectfully submitted,

\\\m. A. Russell,

By Jas. C. Poor, Manager.

BULLS.

The Committee on Bulls, have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following' awards :

$8. First premium, to Heirs of C. S. Bradley, West
Newbury, for Short Horn Bull, " Edmond 7th," 6
years old. Registered in A. S. H. B., Vol. 28, Page
131. Bred by C. S. Bradley, West Newbury, Mass.
Sire, " Edmond 3d," 62,647 ; Dam, "Flora" (Vol.
15, Page 556) by " Young- Prince John." 18,825.

$4. First premium, to Heirs of C. S. Bradley, West
Newbury, for Short Horn Bull, under 2 years
*Farm, No. 14, calved, Nov. 24, 1886. Bred byC. S.
Bradley, West Newbury, Mass. Sire, " Glenwood
3d," 62,887 ; Dam, » Starbrow E.," (Vol. 28, Page
488) by " Lord Dunmore," 39,664.

|2. First premium, to Heirs of C. S. Bradley, West
Newbury, for Short Horn Calf. Numbered at Farm
35, calved, Oct. 4, 1887. Bred by C. S. Bradley,
West Newbury. Sire, " Dunmore 5th," 45,987 ;
Dam, " Rena of Crane Neck," (Vol. 21) by
" Lowland Comet," 42,198.

$4. Second premium, to Joshua W, Nichols, Danvers,
for Jersey Bull " Dirego," 2 years old.

$4. First premium, to William A. Russell, Lawrence,
for Holstein Yearling bull, " Ned Bellows," calved,
May 15, 1887. Sire, "Sir Bellows of Meadow-
braak." Dam, " Forester," No. 7475, H. H. B.

Number at Farm.

$2. First premium, to William A. Russell, Lawrence,
for Holstein Bull Calf, " Daniel Alexander,1" calved,
Oct. 12, 1887. Sire, •• Lavinia 2d Bismark," No.
2128, LI. F. H. B. Dam, " Jacoba Alexanda,"
1437.
$4. Second premium, to W. ('. Cahill, Danvers, for Ayr-
shire Bull, '" Mars Jr.," No. 1073 j over 2 years old.
George B. Blodgette, John A. Hoyt, John Parkhurst,
Horace C. Ware — Committee.

MILCH COWS.

The Committee on Milch Cows have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :

-$15. First premium, to Win. A. Russell, Lawrence, for
best milch cow of any age or breed, Holstein Fre-
sian cow. " Lady Lyons. "
$10. First premium, to Win. A. Russell, Lawrence, for
best milch cow, foreign, native, or grade, Holstein
Fresian cow, •• Belle Fairfax."
$4. Second premium, to VVm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for
milch cow, foreign, native or grade, Holstein Fre-
sian cow, •• Madam Wit."
$10. First premium, for milch cow, 4 years old or over,
Holstein Fresian cow. " Nitallia."
$4. Second premium, to Win. A. Russell, Lawrence, for
milch cow, 4 years old and over, Holstein Fresian
cow, •• Lady Bess."
$10. First premium, to Heirs of Hon. C. S. Bradley,
West Newbury, for short horn milch cow, "Earl's
Dot 4th."' Roan, calved April 5, 1881. Register-
ed in Vol. 21 of A. S. IL B., bred by C. S.Bradley,
West Newbury. Sire, " 2d Earl of Autumn." No.
38,675 : Dam. •• Earl's Dot" (Vol. 3, Page 562) by
•■ Earl of Autumn,"' No. 38,07.').
Win. B. Carlton, George A. Dow, John Barker — Com-
mittee.

29
STATEMENT OF RUSSELL COWS.

To Committee on Milch Cows:

I enter for best milch cow, of any age or breed, Hol-
stein-Fresian cow, " Lady Lyons," No. 6805, H. H. B., 7
years old. Imported in 1884. Milk record from July
1, 1886s to July 1, 1887, 12,815 pounds. Milk record
from Aug. I 1887, to July 1, 1888, 14,313 pounds.
Dropped last calf, Aug. 7, 1888. 10 days' milk in Sept.,
633i pounds.

For best milch cows, either foreign, native-, or grade,
Holstein-Fresian cows.

"Madam Wit," No. 7470, H. H. B„ 6 years old. "Belle
Fairfax," No. 1117, H. H. B., 7 years old. "Madam Wit"
■dropped last calf, Dec. 16th, 1887. Milk record from
Dec. 18 to Aug. 1, 11544 pounds. Due to calve Dec. 17.
" Belle Fairfax"' dropped last calf, Sept. 18, 1887. Milk
record from Sept. 18, 1887, to Sept. 25, 1888, 14,840
pounds. Due to calve Dec. 17.

For Holstein-Fresian cows 4 years old and upwards.

"Lady Bess," No. 1051, H. H. B., 9 years old. " Nital-
lia,M No. 7028, H. H. B., 6 years old. "Lady Bess"
dropped last calf, April 23, 1888. Due to calve April 19,
1889. " Nitallia" dropped last calf, March 21, 1888. Due
to calve April 1, 1889. " Lady Bess" milk record from
May 1, to Sept. 25, 1888, 6349 pounds. She gave milk
all of the season before, not going dry at all. " Nitallia"
milk record from April 1, to Sept. 25, 1888, 7362 pounds.

For Feed, and manner of feeding, see statement of
Herd of Milch Cows.

Respectfully submitted,

Wm. A. Russell.

By J. C. Poor, Manager.

HERD OF MILCH COWS.

The Committee on Herds of Milch Cows have attended

to their duty, ami respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :
$18. First premium, to Win. A. Russell, Lawrence, for
herd of milch cows, Holstcin Fresians.
Osman Babson — for Committee.

STATEMENT OF RUSSELL HEKD.

To the Committee on Herds of Milch Cows :

I enter for herd of milch cows, Holstein-Fresian cows,
« Lady Lyons," No. 6805, H. H. B. " Madam Wit," No.
7476, H. H. B. -Belle Fairfax," No. HIT, H. H. B.
k- Lady Bess," No. 1051, H. H. B. "Nitallia," No. 7028,
H. H. B.

" Lady Lyons " dropped last calf, Aug. 7, 1888. "Madam
Wit" dropped last calf, Dec. 16, 1887. " Belle Fairfax'1
dropped last calf, Sept. 18, 1887. •• Lady Bess " dropped
last calf, Apr. 23, 1888. ■' Nitallia " dropped last calf,
Mar. 21, 1888.

" Lady Lyons" milk record from Sept. 1, 1887, to June
15, 1888, 12525 lbs. She was dried oft" and turned out to
pasture June 20, and was not taken to the barn until after
calving, and Irom Aug. 11 to Sept. 1 she gave 1080 lbs. of
milk ; 10 days in Sept. (3331 lbs. '■ Lady Bess " milk rec-
ord from Sept. 1, 1887, to Sept. 1, 1888, is 11564A- lbs. She
didn't go dry at all, milked the season through without
going dry. " Madam Wit " milk record from Dec. 18 to
Sept. 1, 12111 lbs.; for Sept. 1887, 287 lbs. She was dry
from Sept. 20 to date of calving, Dec. 16. In the month
of Jan. she gave 2107 lbs. " Belle Fairfax " milk record
from Sept. 18,1887, to Sept. 25, 1888, 14840 lbs. '■ Na-
tallia's" milk record from Sept. 1, 1887, to Sept. 1, 1888,
109142 lbs. She was dry from Feb. 10 to date of calving,
Mar. 21.

Care and Feed of Herd of Milch Cows.

The winter feed of these cows was from 8 to 12 qts.
bran, four qts. corn meal, and one qt. linseed oil meal.

About one-half of this quantity of grain was fed in the*
morning directly after milking, mixed with ensilage. The
balance was fed dry at 2.30 P. M. After eating the grain
they were ted with good hay, with oat, barley or corn fod-
der mixed with it, and watered in barn twice a day; carded
and brushed off once a day.

Two-years-old heifers in milk were fed in same way, but
not given so much grain as the cows.

In summer the cows were turned to pasture, which is
small for the number kept ^about forty head), and have
been fed two qts. meal morning and night, with Jiay, corn
or other fodder twice a day, and those giving large flow of
milk were milked and fed three times a day.
Respectfully submitted,

Wm. A. Russell,

By Jas. C. Poor, Manager.

HEIFERS, FIRST CLASS.

The Committee on Heifers, first class, have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :

$4. First premium to heirs of C. S. Bradley, West New-
bury, for short horn breed, heifer, No. 20, 2 year
old, never calved.

$3. Second premium to heirs of C. S. Bradley, West
Newbury, for short horn heifer, No. 17, 2 years old.
never calved.

•^4. First premium to heirs of C. S. Bradley, West New-
bury, for short horn heifer, No. 29, 1 year old.

$3. Second premium to heirs of C. S. Bradley, West
Newbury, for short horn heifer, No. 26, 1 year old.

$4. First premium to heirs of C. S. Bradley, West New-
bury, for short horn heifer calf, No. 39.

$3. Second premium to heirs of C. S. Bradley, West
Newbury, for short horn heifer calf, No. 40.

$4. First premium to William A. Russell, Lawrence, for

Holstein heifer, " Gerrits Emily," No. 4465, H. F.

H. B., 3 years old, in milk.
S3. Second premium to William A. Russell, Lawrence,

for Holstein heifer, " Jacoba Alexanda," No. 4437,

H. F. H. B., 3 years old, in milk.
$4. First premium to James C. Poor, North Andover,

for Holstein heifer calf, " Ereraa P." Calved May

13, 1888, Sire, " Casuality," No. 4355, H. F. H. B.

Dam, "Erema 6th," No. 9227. H. F. H. B.

H. A. Haywood, T. N. Cook, G. W. Sargent, Andrew
Lane, Jr. — Committee.

STATEMENT OF SHORT HORN HEIFERS, BRED BY C. S. BRADLEY,
CRANE NECK HILL FARM, WEST NEWBURY.

SHORT HORN STOCK.

No. 20, heifer, calved March 31, 1886. Sire, " Edmond
7th/' 62648. Dam " Starbrow D." (Vol. 28. Page 438),
by Lord Dun more, 39664.

No. 17, heifer, deep red. Calved March 16, 1885. Sire,
" Edmond 7th," 62648. Dam, " Imperial Rose 9th » (Vol.
28, Page 438), by " Lord Dunmore."

No. 29, heifer, head, neck and shoulders red, large star
in forehead. Calved May 5, 1887. Sire", " Edmond 7th,''
62648. Dam, « Imperial Rose 8th " (Vol. 23), by " Oxford
Gwyne."

No. 26, heifer, head and neck red with white marks.
Calved Dec. 1, 1886. Sire, " Edmond 7th," 62648. Dam,
"Little Buttercup 2d" (Vol. 23), by « Glenwood," 3910:!.

No. 39, heifer, light roan head and neck. Calved Nov.,
25, 1887. Sire, " Rawley 2d." Dam, " Imperial Rose 9th »
(Vol. 28, Page 438), by " Lord Dunmore."

No. 40, heifer, dark red. Calved Feb. 26, 1888. Sire,
" Rawley 2d." Dam, "Starbrow E." (Vol. 28, Page 438),
by " Lord Dunmore.'"

HEIFERS, SECOND CLASS.

The Committee on Heifers, second class, have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :

$8. First premium to James F. Cody. Peabody, for Grade
Jersey and Dutch, 3 years, 8 mos. old, under 4 yrs.
in milk.

$5. Second premium to Wm. A. Jacobs, Danversport.
for native 3 year old.

$4. First premium to Francis 0. Kimball, Danvers, for
Grade Holstein, 2 years old, not calved.

$L First premium to Wm. Perkins, 2d, Peabody, for
Grade 1 year old, Jersey and Holstein.

$3. Second premium to Ira F. Trask, Hamilton, for Jer-
sey and Native, twin yearling.

*4. First premium to Peter Shehan, Peabody, for 5 mos.
calf, Holstein and Ayrshire.

$3. Second premium to Arthur E. Fuller, Danvers, for
4 mos. calf, native.

John Haseltinc, N. P. Perkins, B. Frank Barnes — Com-
mittee.

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

The Committee on Working Oxen and Steers have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that they have made the following awards :

$12. First premium to Lyman S. Wilkins, JVLddleton, for

working oxen, 5 years old, weight 2580 lbs.
$10. Second premium, to B. H. Farnum, North Andover.

for working oxen, 4 years old, weight 2765 lbs.
88. Third premium, to James C. Poor, North Andover,

for working oxen, 5 years old, weight 3260 lbs.
810. First premium, to Samuel Thayer, Andover, for

working steers, 4 years old, weight 2425 lbs.

$6. Second premium, to Jacob L. Farnura, North An-
dover, for working steers, 4 years old, weight 28615
lbs.

Abel Srickney, J. A. Lamson, B. S. Barnes, J. P. Little
— Committee.

SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT ON WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

The Committee on Working Oxen and Steers were
pleased to see so much interest manifested, and so many
ready to enter their teams to compete for the premiums
offered by the Society. There were on the ground eight
pairs of oxen, and two pairs of steers that were ready to
start when the committee were ready to watch their move-
ments, and we thought that a good number for these days
of u no-oxen."

The place which the Committee on Drafting had selected
for this trial was not satisfactory to our Committee, and by
their consent the place was changed to a comparatively new
street not much used, where the work of the road was not
wide, and the road-bed soft, which gave the teams a good
chance to show the mettle they were made of. In going
up the hill it required strength, in making the turn •■ good
training.'' and on the return, when called upon to back the
load, if it went back the Committee called them good
" backers." The weight of the oxen on the grounds
ranged from 2530 to 3260 pounds per pair. The Com-
mittee were all " ox men," and entered into this trial with
pleasure, and watched the movement of every pair closely,
and were unanimous in all their awards.

Most of the teams on trial did good work and the Com-
mittee would say that they were good " workers." We
would say that the oxen owned by Mr. Lyman Wilkins of
Middleton, which did particularly good work, oxen whose
weight was only 2530 pounds, the smallest oxen on the
road ; this pair moved the load of two tons up this hill with-
out any great effort, tinned handsome, and on the return
backed the load up hill with more ease than any of the
larger oxen which went over the road. These oxen were

well matched and good shape, but small, making the prov-
erb true, " precious things are done up in small bundles,"
and the Committee felt it their duty to award the first pre-
mium to Mr. Wilkins, yet thinking that the Committee on
" Collection of Live Stock " would have taken but little
notice of this pair among the many much more noble look-
ing oxen.

At request and in behalf of the Committee,

Abel Stickney, Chairman.

STATEMENT OF JAMES C. POOR.

To the Committee on Working Oxen :

I enter for your consideration one pair of oxen, 5 years
old, weight 3350 lbs. They are grade Holstein. May 1
they weighed 3000 lbs. Have been worked almost every
clay since, and fed 6 qts. meal and good hay.
Respectfully submitted,

Jas. C. Poor.

TOWN TEAMS.

The Committee on Town Teams have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :

First premium, to Town of Lynnfield, for town team

of 10 pairs of horses.

First premium, to Town of Topsfield, for town team

of 11 pairs of oxen.
$15. First premium, to Town of Middleton, for town team

of 8 yoke of oxen.

James P. King, O. L. Carlton, Leverett Herrick — Com-
mittee.

STEERS.

The Committee on Steers have attended to their duty,

and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :
$5. First premium, to Benj. \Y. Farnum, No. Audover,

for Yearling Steers.
$2. Second premium, to Benj. W. Farnum, No. Ando-
ver, for Steer Calves. -I months old.
In eonsequence of the storm, the Committee were
unable to keep an appointment, to meet and examine the
stock on Wednesday morning, and were prevented by
other duties and by the delay of the entry book in the
Secretary's office, from making the awards on Tuesda}r.
I however, examined the Steers, and am of opinion that
they should receive the above named premiums, both be*
cause of merit, and as an encouragement to the young
man who raised them. The boy who likes a steer team,
will be likely to stay on the farm if he takes a premium
now and then at our shows. It is a saying in their part
of the county, "Where the Farnums are you will find
good oxen."' Our young friend is following in his father's
steps in this respect. We hope to see the yearlings take
the ribbons at the future exhibitions of the Society.
Charles J. Peabody,

Chairman of Committee-

STALLIONS, FIRST CLASS.

The Committee on Stallions for Farm and Draft Pur-
poses have attended to their duty, and respectfully report
to the Secretary that they have made the following
awards :

$10. First premium, to Harry Ff. Hale, Bradford, for
5 years old, " Major Dome." Imported 1885, No.
4345.
$5. Second premium, to L. G. Burnham, Essex, for 4|

years old, " Prince Jr.," weight, 1635 pounds.
$4. Third premium, to John Parkhurst, Boxford, for
4 3^ear8 old, " Romeo," weight, about 1300 pounds.

$8. First premium, to James Kinnear, Ipswich, for 3
years old, " Wallace,'' weight, about 1100 pounds.
Geo. B. Loring, Chairman.

There were four entries in this class ; three of four
years and upwards, and one of three years old.

Two of these stallions. " Major Dome" and " Prince
Jr.," were from imported stock and are valuable horses.
"Major Dome " is a black horse, purchased by Col. Hale
of Mr. Dunham of Illinois, one of the largest and most
successful importers and breeders of his class of horses in
the country. This horse combines all those qualities
which give the Percherons their value. His "sire was
fully up to their best standard and his proportions are in
admirable conformity with his weight. His gait is light
and easy for a horse of his size, and the quality of his
bone and muscle cannot be surpassed. " Prince Jr.,"
born in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, is also a Percher-
on of pure blood and great value, nearly equal in his
points to " Major Dome." The grade Percherons " Wal-
lace '' and " Romeo,"' are fine specimens of their class.

M. C. Andrews, S. M. Titcomb, S. D. Hood — Commit-
tee.

STATEMENT OF L. G. BURNHAM.

Description of Percheron Norman Stallion " Prince
Jr.," Iron Roan, 4| years old, 16i hands high, weight
1635 pounds, silver mane and tail, remarkably hand-
some, well proportioned horse with great muscular de-
velopment and power. Bred in Lebanon County, Pa. Sire,
"Young Prince," Grand Sire, " Old Prince Imperial,"
Dam, a Percheron Norman mare of great beauty, Dam's
sire "Pleasant Valley Bill."

STALLIONS, SECOND CLASS.

The Committee on Stallions, Second Class (for Driv-
ing Purposes), have attended to their duty, and respect-

fully report to the Secretary thai they have made the
following awards:

$10. First premium, to C. H. Walker, Georgetown, for
Stallion, " Fred Knox," ;>> years old.
$6. Second premium, to Alfred C. Hill, East Saugus,

for Stallion, "Alex Patchen," 11 years old.
$5. Second premium, to John Looney, Salem, for Stal-
lion, " Independence," :>> years old, " NV edge wood"
stock; color black.
O.S.Butler, (has. H.. Gould, Edward Harrington —
Committee.

STATEMENT OF ALFRED C. HILL.

Pedigree of Stallion " Alex Patchen," color, Seal
Brown, age, 11 years, weight, 1030 pounds, by " Rex
Patchen," 2.o0 : he by "Godfrey's Patchen," sire of
Hopeful, 2.141 : he by " George M. Patchen.'* Dam,
" Patty " by " Paddy," a Black Hawk Stallion taken to
Maine from Vermont. Second dam by " Othello," he by
Morgan " Eclipse," sired by Morgan " Cesar.'" His sec-
ond clam was out of a thorough bred mare.

BROOD MARES.

The Committee on Brood Mares have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :

$10. First premium, to John Swinerton, Danvers, for bay

brood mare and foal, " Nellie Hawes,"' sired by

" Nonpareil," weight 925 lbs. Foaled Apr. 14, 1888.

$6. Second premium, to 0. N. Fernald, Danvers, for bay

brood mare and foal, 6 years old, sired by " Hector."

$4. Third premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for 7

years old brood mare, weight 1100 lbs. Foal 5

mos. : weight 470 lbs.

Asa T. Newhall, David Warren, Nathan R. Morse —

Committee.

39
FAMILY HORSES.

The Committee on Family Horses have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :

|10. First premium, to M. C. Andrews, Andovcr, for
family horse " Princess," " Almont " breed, brown
mare, 7 years old, weight 1060 lbs.
$6. Second premium, to James A. Croscup, of Lynn, for
family horse "Fanny," "Morgan" breed, roan
mare, 6 years old, weight lOoO lbs.
$4. Third premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for family
horse, " Nellie Eaton," chestnut mare, 12. years old,
weight 1100 lbs.
*The Committee would recommend a gratuity for family
ponies "Becky" and " Gypsey," exhibited by Charles H.
Chase, Haverhill.

Samuel W. Hopkinson, Andrew Lane, Sidney F. New-
man, David Stiles — CommitUe.

Note.— 'The Trustees did not suspend the rules to award as recommended.

GENTS' DRIVING HORSES.

The Committee on Gents' Driving Horses have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :

$10. First premium, to M. C. Andrews, Andover, for dark
bay mare " Cyclone,'' 7 years old, weight 1075 lbs.
$6. Second premium, to J. Henry Nason, West Boxford,
for iron gray Hambletonian gelding, " Doctor," 4|
years old, weight 975 lbs.
$i. Third premium, to M. Looney, Salem, for chestnut
mare, "Kitty Fearnaught," 6 years old, weight 1000
lbs.

E. A. Emerson, Chairman, T. R. Leach, A. B. Woodis —
Committee.

FARM HORSES.

The Committee on Farm Horses have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards*:

110. First premium, to J. II. Perkins, Lynn field Centre,
for dark bay marc "Maud," 9 years old. weight 1200
lbs.
$6. Francis 0. Kimball, Dan vers Centre, for dark brown

gelding, 9 years old, weight 1165 lbs.
|4. Third premium, to Fred'k Symonds, North Andover,
for 9 years old, weight 1060 lbs.
The Committee have found it a very difficult matter,
with but three premiums to offer, to select from the twelve
horses entered — each doing so well. To those most de-
serving, we have decided upon the above awards.
Yours respectfully,

E. S. Parker,

For the Committee.

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES.

The Committee on Pairs of Farm Horses have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :
|12. First premium, to Col. PI. H. Hale, Bradford, for
farm horses, pair of black mares, " Vivian " and
" Vianda," 5 years old, weight 3560 lbs.
|8. Second premium, to Amos Pratt, Danvers, for
"Topsy " and w- Bill/' black mare 7 years old, and
gray gelding 9 years old, weight 2500 lbs.
•it'4. Third premium, to T. E. Cox, Jr., Lynnfield Centre,
for pair 7 and 8 years old. weight 2500 lbs.
Chas M. Lunt, Albeit Kimball. Moses H. Poore, John
H. Perkins — Committee.

COLTS FOR DRAFT PURPOSES. FIRST CLASS.
No entries.

COLTS FOR DRAFT PURPOSES, SECOND CLASS.

The Committee on Colts for Draft Purposes, Second
Class, have attended to their duty, and respectfully report
to the Secretary that they have made the following awards :
$8. First premium, to H. II. Hale, Bradford, for black
colt, " Beatrice," 13 months old, weight 843 pounds-
We consider this colt, an extra colt in all points.
$5. Second premium, to James J. H. Gregory, Middle-
ton, for black mare colt, " Fannie," 18 months old,
weight 750 pounds. Very good for all purposes.
E. G. Berry, X. S. Harris, G. F. Averill— Committee.

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES, FIRST CLASS.

The Committee on Colts for General Purposes, First
Class, have attended to their duty, and respectfully report
to the Secretary that they have made the following awards:
$8. First premium, to Harry H. Hale, Bradford, Ham-
bletonian, black mare, " Silver Sea," 4 years old,
weight 1100 pounds.
$5. Second premium, to L. L. Morrison, Dan vers, for
sorrel gelding, 4 years old, Knox breed, weight 1000
pounds.
$6. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for " Eaton
Wilkes," 3 years old, color chestnut, weight 1100
pounds.
$3. Second premium, to Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for
black gelding " Dennis," 3 years old, Morrill breed,
weight 925 pounds.
D. A. Pettengill, C. N. Maguire, John Mudge — Commit-
tee.

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES, SECOND CLASS.
The Committee on Colts for General Purposes, Second

Class, have attended to their duty, and respectfullyjreport
to the Secretary that they have made the following awards :
$5. First premium, to Edwin Hates. Lynn, for yearling-
colt, " Daisy,'* weight 850 pounds.
$3. Second premium, to Herbert Jepson, Lynn, for bay
mare yearling colt. " May Wilkes."' sired by w* Geo.
"Wilkes."
$5. First premium, to Charles Saunders, Salem, for bay
gelding, " Jennie 0.," 2 years old, sired by "Smug-
gler," weight 820 pounds.
•$3. Second premium, to Daniel G. Tenney, Newbury,
for bay mare, "Spright," 2 years old, sired by "Red-
path," weight 785 pounds.
*Your Committee would recommend a gratuity to M.
Looney of Salem, for his yearling colt, "Fearnaught,'"
Wedgewood, 1 year old.

Alonzo B. Fellows, Wesley Pettengill, Wm. A. Brown,
George M. Roundy — Committee.

The Trustees iiiii ao1 suspend tin' rules, to make award, as recommended.

SWINE, FIRST CLASS.

The Committee on Swine, First Class, have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :

$5. Second premium, to John Mahoney, Rowley, for
Berkshire boar " Rowley."

$8. First premium, to John Mahoney, Rowley, for Berk-
shire sow " Margaret."

!$5. Second premium, to John Mahoney, Rowley, for
Berkshire sow "Hannah."

|8. First premium, to Robert G. Buxton, Peabody, for
Yorkshire boar.

$5. Second premium, to Danvers Hospital, Danvers, for
Yorkshire boar.

|8. First premium, to Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for
Yorkshire sow.

$5. Second premium, to Danvers Hospital, Danvers, for

Yorkshire sow.
$8. First premium, to Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for
litter of weaned pigs.
Daniel D. Adams, George Buchan, E. K. Lee, Geo. B,
Blodgett — Committee.

SWINE, SECOND CLASS.

The Committee on Swine, Second Class, have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :
$8. First premium, to Arthur C. Buxton, Peabody, for

sow and ten pigs.
$5. Second premium, to Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for

sow and ten pigs.
$8. First premium, to H. H. Hale, Bradford, for 5 York-
shire weaned pigs.
$5. Second premium, to R. G. Buxton, Peabody, for 4
Yorkshire weaned pigs.
John Swinerton, Edward E. Herrick — Committee.
The committee aid not consider the boar entered by
Monroe brothers, fit for service and consequently did not
award any prize to the same.

SHEEP.

The Committee on Sheep have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have made
the following awards :

$10. First premium, to H. H. Hale, Bradford, for flock
sheep.
$4. First premium, to H. H. Hale, Bradford, for lambs.
$8. First premium, to S. S. Pratt, Danvers, for Cotswold
buck.

Geo. W. Adams, John L. Shorey, Horace C. Ware —
Committee.

POULTRY.

The Committee on Poultry have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :

-II DGED I'.Y \YM. F. BACON.

$2.00. First premium, to Win. P. Perkins, Danvers, for

pair Pekin Bantam Game fowls.
Diploma, to Wm. P. Perkins. Danvers, for pen of Pekin
Bantam Game fowls.
2.00. First premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for

pair Game Duckwing Bantam fowls.
Diploma, to Wm. P. Perkins. Danvers, for pen Game
Duckwing Bantam fowls.
2.00. First premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for

pair Red Pile Bantam fowls.
2.00. First premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for

pair Black Japanese Bantam fowls.
2.00 First premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for

pair Erminette chicks.
2.00. First premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for

pair Aylesbury ducks.
1.00. Second premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for

pair Aylesbury ducks.
2.00. First premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for

pair Rouen ducks.
i.00. First premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for

pair Cayuga ducks.
2.00. First premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for

pair Pekin ducks.
1.00. Second premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for

pair Pekin ducks.
2.00. First premium, to Win, P. Perkins, Danvers, for

pair White Muscovey ducks.
2.00. First premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for

pair Brazillian ducks.
1.00. Second premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for

pair Brazillian chicks.

2.00. First premium, to Win. P. Perkins, Danvers, for

pair Toulouse geese fowls.
1.00. Second premium, to Wm, P. Perkins, Danvers, for

pair Toulouse geese fowls.
2.00 First premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for

pair Emden geese fowls.
2.00. First premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for

pair African geese fowls.
2.00. First premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for

pair Brown China geese.
1.00. Second premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for

pair Brown China geese.
1.00. Second premium, to Louis H. Elliot, Danvers, for

pair Silver Spangled Hamburg's.
1.00. Second premium, to Louis H. Elliot, Danvers, for

pair Golden Seabright Bantams.
Diploma, to Francis 0. Kimball, Danvers, for pen turkeys.
Diploma, to Frank H. Wood. Haverhill, for B. B. R. Game

Bantam chicks.
2.00. First premium, to Frank H. Wood, Haverhill, for

pair B. B. R. Game Bantam chicks.
2.00. First premium, to Sam. Rogers, West Newbury, for

pair White Wyandotte chicks.
Diploma, to L. W. Copp, Saugus, for pen Black Leghorn

chicks.
2.00. First premium, to L. W. Copp, Saugus, for pair

Black Leghorn chicks.
2.00. First premium, to L. W. Copp, Saugus, for pair

Black Leghorn fowls.
2.00. First premium, to H. A. Harrington, Peabody, for

pair Plymouth Rock chicks.
1.00. Second premium, to H. A. Harrington, Peabody,

for pair Plymouth Rock fowls.
Diploma, to C. M. Poor, Peabody, for pen Dark Brahma

chicks.
2.00. First premium, to C. M. Poor, Peabody, for pair

Dark Brahma chicks.
2.00. First premium, to C. M. Poor. Peabody, for pair

Dark Brahma fowls.

1.00. Second premium, to 0. D. Woodman, Newbury, for

pair B. B. Red (Jame chicks.
2.00. First premium, to O. D. Woodman, Newbury, for

pair Buff Cochin chicks.
1.00. Second premium, to O. D. Woodman, Newbury, for

pair Buff Cochin chicks.
2.00. First premium, to Wm. E. Sheen, West Peabody,

for pair Brown Leghorn fowls.
2.00. First premium, to Reuben W. Ropes, Salem, for

pair S. Comb White Leghorn fowls.
2.00. First premium, to Reubes W. Ropes, Salem, for

pair S. Comb White Leghorn chicks.
Diploma, to Reuben W. Ropes, Salem, for pen S. Comb

White Leghorn fowls.
Diploma, for special merit, to E. R. Perkins, Salem, for

pair Prolific fowls.
1.00. Second premium, to Martin J. Kane, Lynn, for

pair Black Leghorn chicks.
Diploma, to Martin J. Kane, Lynn, for pen White Leghorn

chicks.
Diploma, for special merit, to Fred. H. Wiley, Peabody, for

Light Brahmas.
Diploma, for special merit, to Joseph H. Pearson, New-
bury, for pair English Red chicks.
1.00. First premium, to Geo. Buchan, Andover, for 12

Black Minorca eggs.
2.00. First premium, to Geo. D. Walton, Peabody, for 2

pairs Dressed ducks.
2.00. First premium to Geo. D. Walton, Peabody, for 2

pairs Dressed fowls.

JUDGED BY C. L. BECKET OF PEABODY.

Diploma, to F. M. Allen, Lynn, for pen Light Brahma

fowls.
.$2.00. First premium, to F. M. Allen, Lynn, for pair

Light Brahma fowls.
1.00. Second premium, to F. M. Allen, Lynn, for pair

Light Brahma chicks.

2.00. First premium to David L. Story, Beverly, for

pair Light Brahma chicks.
1.00. Second premium, to David L. Story, Beverly, for

pair Light Brahma fowls.

To the Committee on Poultry :

Gentlemen. — Having finished my duties in judging the
Poultry Department of your exhibition, I beg to hand you
herewith my report. I was unable to complete the work,
as the high wind of this morning entirely demolished the
tent, stopping further work. I was therefore obliged to
leave the *Light Brahma Class, and Eggs, without being
passed upon.

I am pleased to inform you, that in my opinion, the
quality of your Poultry Exhibition is far in advance of last
year, and as last year was superior to the one preceding,
it is plain that poultry culture is advancing in your section
and this department of your show is on the gain.

I had the pleasure of recommending, in my report of last
year, a few changes in the arrangement of your premiums,
which you did me the honor to adopt ; the increase in the
exhibit of those specialties, and the better quality of the
same, prove the change to have been wise.

I would suggest that at the next exhibition your Society
offer a premium of — say five dollars — for the best display
of Poultry Appliances. There are a great many new and
ingenious devices now in the market, very interesting to
Farmers and Poultry Breeders, and some of them are of
great practical value.

Respectfully yours,

W. F. Bacon, Judge.
Sept. 26, 11

Judged after the storm, by C. L. Becket.

Maj. D. W. Low :
Sir. — The committee beg to submit to you the following

report of the Poultry Department of the Essex Agricultural
Fair of Sept. 25 and 26, lSs^. Your committee were
much pleased with the exhibition of Fancy Poultry, Tur-
keys and Geese. The display was quite large, very much
in advance of the last four years, so much so that we feel
no hesitation in saying that the interest in this department
is decidedly on the increase. The interest which the large
numbers in attendance manifested was very gratifying evi-
dence that this was one of the important features of the
exhibition. The display of <lrcssed poultry, although not
as large as we could wish, was nevertheless quite fine, and
we feel confident that when it becomes better known that
the Society wish people to compete in this line, we shall
make a better display from year to year, and we look for a
good display in the near future. There was also a good
display of eggs. We think that the increased interest in
these lines is owing to the generosity of the Society in offer-
ing larger premiums from year to year for the last four
years. We think this fact and the employing of an ex-
pert as Judge has met with very general approval. Next
year an additional premium will be offered on Poultry
Appliances.

It seems to the committee that almost every other busi-
ness is overdone while in this there is room for more. The
United States does not produce eggs enough for her own
consumption. New York City alone consumes 135,000
eggs daily. Statistics show that in 1882 the value of the
poultry produced in the United States exceeded the value
of either of the hay, cotton, wheat or dairy products, as the
following figures show : — The Hay crop was $436,000,000 ;
Wheat, $488,000,000 ; Cotton, #410,000,000 ; Dairy prod-
ucts, #254,000,000 ; Poultry products, 8560,000,000. Even
at this rate it is necessary for us to receive a large impor-
tation of eggs. Managed with the same care and attention
to details that one would give to any other business, we
assert that no business will pay so large a return for the
amount invested.

Respectfully yours,

A. F. HaKVBY, Chair man Poultry Committee.-

49
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

The Committee on Agricultural Implements have attend-
ed to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that they have made the following awards :

$5. First premium, to Jas. W. Joyce, Lawrence, for mar-
ket wagon.

$3. First premium, to H. P. Whipple, Peabody, for farm
wagon, for 2 horses.

$3. Gratuity, to H. P. Whipple, Peabody, for business
wagon.

S3. Gratuity, to H. P. Whipple, for lumber wagon.

$3. Gratuity, to Dole & Osgood, Peabody, for hose wag-
on.

83. Gratuity, to Geo. E. Daniels, Rowley, for hay wagon.

$1. Gratuity, to G. L. Richardson, So. Peabody, for
drinking fountain.
810. First premium, to J. L. Colcord & Son, Peabody, for
collection of 16 varieties.

|3. Gratuity, to E. L. Blake & Co., Peabody, for seed
drills.

|1. Gratuity, to E. L. Blake & Co., Peabody, for com-
bination banker hoe.

11. Gratuity, to E. L. Blake & Co., Peabody, for cutting-
hoe.

$1. Gratuity, to E. L. Blake & Co., Peabody, for 1 wlieeL
hoe.

$1. Gratuity, to E. L. Blake & Co., Peabody, for onion
sett machine.

11. Gratuity, to E. L. Blake & Co., Peabody, for collec-
tion wheel hoe blades.
^Diploma, to C. H. Thompson <fc Co., Boston, for excellence
of display of agricultural implements (23 varieties).

John L. Shorey, Horace C. Ware, Geo. W. Adams —
Committee.

♦Awarded by Trustees at November meeting. Car containing the Implements
was delayed, and no entry made with Secretary in time for ( ( r.

CARRIAGES.

The Committee on Carriages have attended to their duty,

and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have

made the following awards:

$5. Gratuity, to IL II. Pillsbury, Danvers, for box buggy.

$3. Gratuity, to IT. II. Pillsbury. Danvers, for Goddard.

$3. Gratuity, to II. II. Pillsbury, Danvers, for Doctor's

Rockaway.
$5. Gratuity, to Lambert, Hollander & Co., Amesbury,

for Goddard
$2. Gratuity, to Lambert, Hollander & Co., Amesbury, for

open Surry.
$2. Gratuity, to Lambert, Hollander & Co., Amesbury,

for box top buggy.
$4. Gratuity, to T. W. Lane, Amesbury, for Corning

top buggy.
$3. Gratuity, to T. W. Lane, Amesbury, for open
buggy.
T. P. Harriman, Alfred Cross, Rufus Kimball — Commit-
tee.

IN EXHIBITION HALL.

REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF HALL.

1 would respectfully report that the Exhibition of the
Society, held in the Town Hall, in Peabody, on the 25th,
26th and 27th of September, 1888, indicated a good de-
gree of interest on the part of exhibitors. The contribu-
tions on the whole were remarkably good, and the atten-
dance on the first day was quite large, giving every
promise of a still larger attendance for the second day and
a highly satisfactory financial result. But the very re-
markable storm of rain and wind, beginning on the night
of the first day and continuing through**the forenoon of
the second day. made the attendance of any considerable
number of visitors quite impossible, and although the

•exhibition in the hall was continued through another day
and evening, the tide of success had been turned ; people
from other towns had returned to their homes, and those
kept at home by the storm of Wednesday did not arrive
on Thursday. The continuance of the exhibition on
Thursday added about $125 to the net receipts, and so
far helped to make up the deficiency.

In the exhibition hall there was an excellent exhibit of
fancy work and works of art, probably quite equal both
in quantity and quality to any former exhibit of the
Society.

*I would suggest the appointment of a special commit-
tee on works of art, and another on fancy work, in-
stead of combining the two as at present, and that the
sum of fifty dollars, to be given in gratuities, be placed at
the disposal of each committee. There is throughout the
community a growing interest in each of these depart-
ments, and no part of the general exhibit is more attrac-
tive than the Art Department and Fancy Work. Ladies
especially are attracted to these more than to all others,
and the encouragement given to contributors by the
award of gratuities will be sure to amply compensate for
a little more expenditure by drawing in a larger number
of visitors. There is an unwillingness to exhibit valuable
articles in the fancy department, unless the same can be
protected by being placed in glass cases. Several cases
were borrowed this year for that purpose. Would it not
be advisable for the Society to own a few cases for use in
this department ?

There was a large exhibition of Afghans and Quilts.
Many of these were in excellent design and fine work-
manship. In the Rug department there was a great
variety of style and patterns. Some of these were beau-
tiful in design and finish ; one especially, drawing the
'first prize, was of a remarkably artistic design and ar-

*This recommendation, except that .*30 was voted for each instead
of $-")0, was adopted by Trustees at November meeting.

rangement of colors, and would compare favorably with
a fine quality of imported rugs. The Afghans, Quilts
and Rugs, arranged around the front of the balcony, made
quite an attractive feature of the exhibition. The exhi-
bition of white and colored wool mats, entered by H. E.
Foan, is worthy of especial mention, and was a surprise
to those not otherwise informed of the excellent work
which is done in the finish of these goods.

In the Flower department it was feared that the show
would prove a, failure, in consequence of the earl)- frost;
but notwithstanding this, quite a good exhibit was made,
and many fine specimens were shown of cut flowers,
foliage plants and bouquets of native flowers.

The Fruit tables were well filled, and of many kinds of
Apples and Pears excellent specimens were contributed.
The fact that the season had been unfavorable to the
ripening and growth of fruit did not greatly reduce either
the quantity or quality of this important part of the
exhibition.

The show of Grapes and Peaches was quite limited. A
few plates only of each were exhibited.

The room for the exhibition of vegetables was well
filled. Several excellent collections were shown ; and*
fine specimens of individual kinds were also shown by
man}- others.

A very large number contributed to the Bread depart-
ment, and the specimens furnished seemed to be of ex-
cellent quality.

A glass case filled with specimens of Cake, made by
young ladies, members of a Cooking Club, was on exhi-
bition. The samples exhibited were quite creditable to
the members of the club.

In General Manufactures the supply was not all that
ought to be expected of an Essex County exhibit. A
great variety of small wares are manufactured in the
county ; many of these could be exhibited with but little
trouble or expense. While the society cannot offer prizes
as an inducement to exhibitors, except to a limited extent,

. 53

yet it can not fail to be of benefit to manufacturers of
small wares to call public attention to their work, espec-
ially where the hall accommodations are ample for the
purpose. Fine needle-work and works of art are an
attraction to one portion of visitors ; farmers are especial-
ly interested in orchard and farm products ; but there is
another class, who, though interested in these, would be
especially attracted by a larger exhibit of the many arti-
cles of handicraft and manufactures which are produced
in great variety in this county. If a larger number and
greater variety of articles, classified under Articles of
General Merchandise, were exhibited, with the same
variety and quantity exhibited this year, in all other de-
partments, the Essex County Agricultural Exhibition, in
the Hall department, would be all that could be desired.

The Superintendent was greatly assisted by the Com-
mittees appointed to receive and arrange the contributions
to the several departments, and also to those who served
as Clerks. Most of them, both on Committees and as
Clerks, served the previous year, and that experience was
of great service. Without the assistance of those who
have had such experience it is hardly possible to receive
the exhibits which arrive on the morning previous to the
opening of the hall, and arrange them properly for ex-
hibition. By reason of the efficient aid of Committees
and Clerks the hall was made ready for the Examining
Committees to make their awards at the appointed time.

Many persons appointed on committees to make awards,
failed to appear, and on some committees only one or two
were present. It was necessary to appoint others to fill
their places. This could only be done by appointing
some who had served on the Committee of Arrangement.

Some provision should be made for that purpose. Some
authority given either to the Superintendent or to some
person or persons who should be in the hall to fill vacan-
cies when the books are given to committees.

The selection of committees to make awards is of much
importance, and should be made with especial reference

54 .

to the fitness of each person to judge of the merits and
comparative worth of articles in the department in which
lie or she may be appointed to serve. The acting com-
mittees of this year, some of whom were informally ap-
pointed, were quite prompt in making their awards and
in returning their hooks and reports to the Superinten-
dent.

Respectfully submitted,

Am<»s Merrill, Superintendent of Hall.

DAIRY.

Correction of Error of 1887. By some mistake, the Dairy Committee of
1887 returned to the Secretary the statement of Mrs. ):. B. Farnum of her exhibit
of butter as that of *'L). (i. Tenney." and his statement as hers, and they were
so published in the Transactions of the Society, much to the surprise of Mrs.
Farnum who disowned any such statement as appeared under her name. In be-
half of the Society, I express its regret lor the mistake and trust Mrs. Farnum

will pardon it.

D. W. Low, Secretary.

The Committee on Dairy have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards:
$8. First premium, to C. W. Gowen, West Newbury,

for 5 lbs. butter.
§6. Second premium, to W. K. Cole, West Boxford, for

box butter, 5 lbs..
$4. Third premium, to Mrs. II. A. Perkins, Peabody, for

box butter, 6 lbs.
N. Longfellow, J. K. Bancroft, Ezekiel G. Xason, D-
Bradstreet — Committee.

STATEMENT OF MRS. C. W. GOWEN.

This is Jersey butter, made by setting milk in pans-
about half full, and skimming in thirty-six hours. It is
churned and salted at the rate of 1 oz. of salt to a pound
of butter. I wash it in two or three waters before salt-
ing. After standing awhile, it is ready to put up in
pound balls as exhibited.

STATEMENT OF WILLIAM K. COLL.

The butter (5 lbs.) which I enter for premium is madfe
from the milk of two grade Jersey cows, as follows :
Milk set in pans in cellar; after 36 hours skimmed, and
cream churned once a week. As soon as the butter
comes it is washed with cold water, then rinsed again
and is immediately worked over, and put up in packages
for market or for the table. Salted about 1 oz. to a pound
of butter. No coloring matter was used on this butter.

One of the cows had 1 qt. of meal and 1 qt. of shorts
per day : the other none. They were fed some corn fod-
der night and" morning, and had the run of a poor pasture.

STATEMENT OF MLS. H. A. PERKINS.

Milk set, 48 hours. Churned, 15 minutes. Butter-
milk drawn and butter rinsed in water and salted 1 oz.
to lb., and worked by hand until all the water is removed.
This butter is made from pure Jersey cream and no col-
oring used.

BREAD, HONEY AND CANNED FRUIT.

The Committee on Bread, Honey, etc., have attended
to their duty, and respectfull}' report to the Secretary
that they have made the following awards :
f>3. First premium, to Winnie Manning, Topsfield, for

white bread.
$2. First premium, to Mrs. Lura Mafuta, Salem, for
graham bread.
*$>5. First premium, Dummer Special, to Mrs. Lura
Mafuta, Salem, for Glen Mills Improved graham
bread.
$2. Second premium, to Olivia J. Spencer. Peabody,

for white bread.
$1. Second premium, to Mrs. N. E. Ladd, Groveland,
for graham bread.

*<$2. Second premium. Dummer Special, to Mrs. N. E.
Ladd, Groveland, for Glen Mills Improved guaham
bread.
*$1. Third premium, 'Dummer Special, to Mrs. D. II.
Southwick, Peabody, for (Hen Mills Improved gra-
ham bread.
$1. Third premium, to Miss Mary Lyons, Salem, for

white bread.
50e. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. McGregor, Peabody, for
brown bread.
$3. First premium, to Mrs. A. Wilson, No. Beverly, for
best collection of Preserves and Jellies.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. L. II. Perry, Danvers, for graham
bread.
$2. Second premium, to Mrs. W. H. Fellows, Peabody,

for preserves and pickles.
")0c. Gratuity, to Mrs. II. C. Torr, Peabody, for pickles

and preserves.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. II. White, Danvers, for 1 doz.

jelly.
$2. Gratuity, to Cooking Club, Peabody, for collection
of cake and pastry.
oOc. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. Harrington, Peabody, for angel
cake.
$3. First premium, to J. H. Nagle, Danvers, for honey.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Arthur P. Reed, Danvers, for

white bread.
Diploma, to X. N. Dummer, Glen Mills, Rowley, for pre-
pared cereals and < ooke'd food.
$5. First premium, to B. A. Blake, Peabody, for apia-
rian implements.

Mrs. .1. Henry Hill. Mrs. I). W. Low, Mrs. W. L. [Sow-
doin, Mrs. 0. M. Poor — Committee.

Note. -Given by N\ X. Dummer, Glen Mills, Rowley.

FIRST PREMIUM GRAHAM BREAD.

1 qt. of graham flour, 1 teaspoonful of salt, J gill of mo-

lasses, h cup of p::tato yeast, dessert spoonful of lard;
raised 9 hours; kneaded 10 minutes; baked li hours.
Made from Glen Mills Improved graham flour.

Mrs. Laura Mafuta.
85 Lafayette St., Salem, Mass.

SECOND PREMIUM GRAHAM BREAD.

Hread made from Glen Mills Improved graham flour,
put up by N. N. Dummer, Rowley, Mass.

Process of making : One quart Graham flour, one tea-
spoonful salt, one large spoonful sugar, piece of butter size
of walnut, I of a Vienna yeast cake, one pint new milk.
Rise over night ; in the morning knead, put in pan and
rise again one hour. Bake one hour in a moderately
heated oven.

Mrs. N. E. Ladd, Groveland.

THIRD PREMIUM GRAHAM BREAD.

Graham bread made from Dummer's Glen Mills flour.

Put two quarts of graham Hour into the bread bowl, make
a hole in the middle, pour in a pint of water, add half a
tablespoonful of butter, a little salt, a gill of molasses, one
half cake of compressed yeast, dissolved in one cup of
warm water, stir all together twenty minutes, and rise over
night; then mould into loaves, then rise in the pans ; bake
one hour and fifteen minutes.

Mrs. D. EL Southwick, Peabody.

FIRST PREMIUM WHITE BREAD.

This bread was made as follows : To 3 quarts IJaxall
flour add one pint each of milk and water, milk warm, one-
half yeast cake, one tablespoonful of salt. Knead half an
hour and leave to rise over night. Knead again in morn-
ing and let rise. Mould into loaves and leave on pans for
an hour and a quarter. Then bake in a moderate oven one
hour.

WlNNIEFRED E. MANNING,

Age. 14 years. Topsfield, Mass.

SECOND PREMIUM FLOUR BREAD.

1 pint milk, 1 pint water, 1 tablespoon lard, 1 tablespoon-
white sugar, 1 "teaspoon salt, 1 quart flour, | compressed
yeast cake. At night I made a sponge of the above, slight-
ly wanning the milk and water. In the morning I kneaded
it five minutes, working in 1 more quart of flour. (The
flour is Imperial flaxall.) Then 1 placed it in a pan and
let it rise three hours, kneading it down once or twice dur-
ing the time. Then I moulded it into shape and let it stand
for one-half hour in its pan. Baked it three-quarters of an
hour, in a moderate oven.

Olivia J. Spencer,

Peabody, Mass.

THIRD PREMIUM BREAD.

Made with Haxall flour, raised with Compressed yeast,
and milk scalded, small piece butter, raised over night,
kneaded for five minutes, put into pans and raised again,
and baked forty (40 ) minutes.

Mary Lyons, Salem.

STATEMENT OF E. L. BLAKE & CO. OF PEABODY,

Concerning their exhibition of Bees, //ires and Apiarian Imple-
ments at the fair of the Essex Agricultural Society, held at
Peabody, Mass., Sept. 25 and 26, 1888.

In regard to bee hives, we use three styles of our own
manufacture. The hive that we consider the best of the
three styles, and also the best we think ever got up, is
called Blake's Improved American Hive. It is a double
walled hive, designed to be packed with chaff in the cold
season, which we consider an improvement over the styles
that are not intended to be packed. It is the most sim-
ple hive possible. We are able to remove the bees and
frame in from two to five minutes when we wish so to do.
It is called complete with eight brood frames, but is capa-
ple of being increased to twelve. The surplus is taken

care of in a crate holding 24 one-pound section boxes
placed directly on the frames, separated by a honey board
when desired to exclude the Queen. The frames rest
upon a cleat upon the bottom board, about | of an inch
high above the bottom, giving plenty of room for the
access of the bees and also a free circulation of air. We
use a feeder with this hive placed upon the top-board
inside of the hive directly over the frames, thereby pre-
venting all robbing, which is a great annoyance with out-
side feeders. This hive is made of good sound pine, and
painted two coats, and is made throughout in the best
possible manner.

We also make and exhibit and also use a hive styled
Blake's Eclipse Observatory Hive. This hive is a single
walled eight frame hive with removable glass door in the
back. It is intended for ladies and amateurs desiring to
study the bees at work, and it is a superior article for this
purpose, as the bees can be seen through the glass back.
The frames are skeleton frames and are removable. We
have none of this style in use at the present time. The
surplus is taken off by a crate of ten 2-lb. boxes
placed in the second story. This hive also is fed upon
the inside by a feeder placed in the second story.

Our box hive is the common box hive in use fifty years
or more ago. It has no frames whatever, and contains
two ten-pound boxes for the reception of the surplus
honey. We consider almost any frame hive superior to
the box hive.

We use a small quantity of foundation in all of our
frames and consider it a great improvement. We use
Clark's cold blast smoker for smoking bees, and consider
it a superior article in every respect.

Hive No. 1. Italian Bees.

This swarm is in our Improved American Hive des-
cribed above. We consider this variety of bees as the
best for all purposes, as they are quieter and better work-
ers, and increase faster, and winter well, and also are less

liable to run away. This swarm has produced some 25
lbs. of honey this season and still have some in the comb.
They have thrown two swarms this season. Our honey
was taken up on the last of August and the first of Sep-
tember. It has been a very poor season for honey in this
vicinity. We carry seven swarms of Italians.

Hive No. 2. Hybrid Bees.
This is also in our American Hive. These are a cross
between the Italian and common bees. They are a very
good variety if a person does not mind their being a little
treacherous. They are excellent workers and winter
well, coining out vigorous and healthy in the spring.
They have produced about 20 lbs. of hone}7, and have
thrown two or three swarms. We carry three stands of
this variety.

Hive No. 3. Black Bees.
This swarm is shown in our box hive. They are the
most unprofitable of any that we have, their main recom-
mendation being in their wintering well and also being
great stingers. They are good garners of honey and also
great consumers of honey. They have produced from 10
to 15 lbs. of honey. Have also thrown two swarms.
We carry one hive of this kind, which we retain more for
fancy than profit.

TEARS.

The Committee on Pears have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that the}7 have
made the following awards:
$8.00. First premium, to M. W. Bartlett, West Newbury,

for Bartlett pears.
3.00. First premium, to A. K. Raddin, Peabody, for

Belle Lucrative pears.
3.00. First premium, to G. D. Walton, Peabody, for

Bosc pears.

3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates. Lynn, for cTAnjou.

3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lyun, for d'Au-
gonleme pears.

3.00. First premium, to W. J*. Hutchinson, Danvers, for
Dana Hovey pears.

3.00. First premium, to C. B. Haven, Peabody, for Law-
rence pears.

3.00. First premium, to J. C. Burbeck, Salem, for Louis
Bon de Jersey pears.

3.00. First premium, to A. J. Hubbard, Peabody, for
Maria Louise pears.

3.00. First premium, to C. B. Haven, Peabody, for Onon-
daga pears.

3.00. First premium, to Benj. R. Symonds, Salem, for
Paradise d'Automne pears.

3.00. First premium, to J. H. Hill, Amesbury, for Seekle.

3.00. First premium, to Aaron Low, Essex, for Sheldon.

3.00. First premium, to Stephen Fernald, Peabody, for
Urbaniste pears.

3.00. First premium, to M. W. Bartlett, West Newbury,
for Vicar pears.

3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Howell.

3.00. First premium, to J. E. F. Bartlett, Peabody, for
Beurre Hardy pears.

3.00. First premium, to A. J. Hubbard, Peabody, for
Beurre Clairgeau pears.

1.50. Gratuity, to J. M. Ward, Peabody, for Goodell.

1.00. Gratuity, to M. J. Pollock. Salem, for Belle Lucra-
tive pears.

1.00. Gratuity, to M. J. Pollock, Salem, for Bartlett,

1.00. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates,. Lynn, for Louis Bon de
Jersey pears.

1.00. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Lawrence.

1.00. Gratuity, to D. A. Pettengill, Danvers, for Vicar.

1.00. Gratuity, to Benj. R. Symonds, Salem, for Seekle.

1.00. Gratuity, to J. H. Mill, Amesbury, for Dana
Hovey pears.

1.00. Gratuity, to J. H. Hill, Amesbmry, for Bosc pears.

1.00. Gratuity, to S. W. Spanieling, Danvers, for d'Anjou.

1.00. Gratuity, to W. B. Little, Newbury, for Sheldon.

1.00. Gratuity, to Geo. Pettengill, Salem, for Congress.

1.00. Gratuity, to E. P. Webster, Haverhill, for Beurre
Hardy pears.

1.50. Gratuity, to J. W. Dodge, Danvers, for Dodge
Seedling pears.

1.50. Gratuity, to Geo. D. Walton, Peabody, for Branch
of Howell pears.

6.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for collec-
tion of 13 varieties.
Geo. Pettengill, Edwin V. Gage, P. M. Neal, J. Henry

Hill — Committee.

APPLES.

The Committee on Apples have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :
$3.00. First premium, to Alfred McLeod, Danvers, for

Porter.
3.00. First premium, to B. P. Ware, Marblehead, for

Sweet Baldwin.
3.00. First premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for

Tolman's Sweet.
3.00. First premium, to E. A. Emerson, Haverhill, for

Hubbardston.
3.00. First premium, to S. Fuller, Danvers, for Bailey's

Sweet. •
3.00. First premium, to George Buchan, Andover, for

Granite Beauty.
3.00. First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for

Smith's ( !ider.
3.00. First premium, to C. L. Beckett, Peabody, for R.

I. Greening.
3.00. First premium, to Mrs. David Warren, Swamp-

scott, for Pickman Pippin.

3.00. First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for
lied Russett.

3.00. First premium, to S. B. George, Groveland, for
Baldwin.

3.00. First premium, to Wm. Burke Little, Newbury,
for Tompkin's King.

3.00. First premium, to D. A. Pettingill, Dan vers, for
Dan vers Winter Sweet.

3.00. First Premium, to P. M. Ilsley, Newbury, for
Roxbury Russett.

1.50. First premium, to Mrs. N. E. Lacld, Groveland, for
H3rslop Crab Apples.

0.00. First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for
Collection.

1.50. Gratuity, to Frank Whitman, Wenham, for Dan-
vers Winter sweet.

1.50. Gratuity, to B. P. Ware, Marblehead, for Baldwin.

1.00. Gratuity, to Hattie T. Osborn, Peabody, for Hy-
slop Crab.

1.50. Gratuity, to John Bowen, Peabody, for Hubbard-
ston.

1.50. Gratuity, to Susan P. Newhall, Peabody, for Porter.

3.00. First premium, to S. B. George, Groveland, for
Hunt's Russett.

3.00. First premium, to Augustus Very, Danvers, for
Hurlburt.

3.00. First premium, to E. L. Hill, Danvers, for Graven-
stein.

1.00. Gratuity, to S. WSpaulding, Danvers, for Wealthy.

1.00. Gratuity, to Charles T. Bushby, Peabody, for
Northern Spy.

1.50. Gratuity, to W. H.Perkins, Peabody, for Graven-
stein.

1.50. Gratuity, to Abel Stickney, Groveland, for King
of Tompkins County.

1.50. Gratuity, to Wm. Burke Little, Newbury, for Rox-
bury Russett.

1.00. Gratuity, to J. N. Rolfe, Newbury, for Maiden's
Blush.

1.00. Gratuity, to Alfred Ordway, Bradford, for Ordwav

Apple.
1.00. Gratuity, to Munroe Brothers, Lynn, for Baldwin.
1.00. Gratuity, to William K. Cole, West Boxford, for

Williams Favorite.
1.50. Gratuity, to Horace Ware, Marblehead, for Sweet

Baldwin.
1.50. Gratuity, to W. Petting-ill, Salisbury, for R. I.

( ireening.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. H. White, Danvers, for Ko-

manite.
1.00. Gratuity, to David L. Haskell, Essex, for 20 ounce

Pippin.
1.00. Gratuity, to Oliver P. Killam, West Boxford, for

Dutch Codlin.
1.00. Gratuity, to David L. Haskell, Essex, for King of

Tompkins County.
1.00. Gratuity, to Kendall Osborn, Peabody, for Sum-
mer Baldwin.
1.00. Gratuity, to 1). N, Stoddard, Peabody, for Osgood

Favorite.
1.00. Gratuity, to Abel Stickney, Groveland, for Snow.
1.00. Gratuity, to George C. Goldthwait, Salem, for

Killam Hill.
1.00. Gratuity, to Kendall Oiborn, Peabody, for Fall-

a water.
o.OO. First Premium, to George F. Sanger, Peabody, for

Drap d'Or.
1.50. Second premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

Smith's Cider.
1.00. Gratuity, to J Henry Hill, Amesbury, for King of

Tompkins County.
J. J. H. Gregory, Joseph How, Geo. W. Chad wick,
Thomas Hale — Committee.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON APPLES.
The exhibition of 1888 was not of average excellence,

the samples being of smaller size than usual, while the
individual specimens were more often wormy, or not as-
fair. Without doubt, the exceptional coldness of the
past season, and, possibly in some localities, the effect of
hail storms on the fruit, were the agencies which contrib-
uted largely to produce its inferior size and poor con-
dition.

Without doubt, the apple is, and is to be, the King fruit
of New England. We dwell within that fortunate zone
where it reaches perfection, for, within the area of New
England nearly every known variety attains its highest
quality. The Cherry, the Peach, and the Plum grace our
tables for a short season ; the Pear is with us a little lon-
ger, and a few varieties, b}r tender care, accompany us
into the winter months, luxuries on the table of those
who can afford to indulge in them, — but the democratic
Apple, in its hundreds of varieties, enters every household
in plenteous abundance, too common to be called a lux-
ury, and just above being a necessity.

The good province of the apple tree is, by no means
exhausted, when we say it bears sweet fruit or sour fruit ;
erisp fruit or spicy fruit ; early or late fruit ; or that the
tree is a good cropper or a good grower. It would be a
sorry time for the race were the mouth and the pocket to
be the sole measures of value. There' are utilities in
things which are essential to our higher happiness that
the mouth and the pocket know not of. Do we appre-
ciate our apples at their full desert, for the pleasure they
afford our other senses besides that of taste? Certainly
the rich red of the William's Favorite, the delicate bloom
on the Astracan, the clear, transparent straw color of the
Porter, the brilliant gold and carmine of the Gravenstein,
and the delicate beauty of the Maiden's Blush are a feast
to the eye, and make these of more value to us than
though they had just us good eating qualities as now, but
were each contained within a green or drab skin. No
class of fruits can compare with the apple in richness and
variety of color. The peach, the pear, and the plum,

have each its attractions, bul at every fruit show the
apple will always bear the palm of superiority for the
greatest difference in brilliant colors in their various at-
tractive combinations. Even the citrus fruits, of which
the orange is a type, though attractive to the eye, are
limited in their coloring to two or three shades of uniform
orange and yellow.

Again, do we appreciate our apples for the variety of
delicious odors which they exhale that are grateful to the
sense of smell beyond those from any other fruit, not
even the quince excepted. Is there, the wide world over,
to be found a more delicious fruit odor than that which
fills the air from a freshly opened barrel of the Red Astra-
can apples ? The store of the fruit dealer exhales a richer
fragrance than the shop of the apothecary, who is sup-
posed to deal in perfumes directly from " Araby the
Blest." No, we do not appreciate, and, therefore, do not
enjoy half as much as we may the characteristic fragrance
belonging to many varieties of the apple. A lady friend
was in the habit of keeping a dish of the Red Astracan
in her parlor, as long as they were in season, and to every
one who entered it their delicate boquet was a delightful
surprise. I keep one or two apples in my drawer with
writing materials, not to eat, but to catch the rich odor as
I open it. They 'remind me of the fragrance which comes
from pansies growing in a cold frame, when the sash is
raised.

Not only is it the province of the fruit to afford us
other enjoyments than that which comes through the
sense of taste (for if not, why then did the Creator
bestow upon it color and fragrance ?), but it is the sphere
of the tree itself to administer to the esthetic side of our
natures. Is there any tree in the vegetable kingdom of
the north temperate zone so beautiful as an apple tree in
bloom? The peach, the plum, the cherry and the pear,
each are beautiful, but in the three former it is a mere
mass of dead color, while in the latter the blossoms are all
white, besides being disagreeable in their odor, but those
of the apple, in various shades of delicate pink in the

•opening buds, passing into white as the bud develops into
the open flower, with bud and blossom elegantly inter-
mingled in their wax-like structure, and each separate
bunch set in a background made up of a circle of fresh
young leaves, with their color of delicate green, make the
-most charming sight of spring. Then their delicious fra-
grance, laden with the very breath of spring-time! The
large apple-tree directly front of my house, in its season
of blossoming, calls out more exclamations of delight than
do all the flowers of the garden through the entire season,
and bear as heavy as it may of excellent fruit, to us by
far the most valuable crop it yields are its ten thousand
boquets of fragrant blossoms, " the home of the ever busy
bee, alive through all its leaves."

Again, the characteristic forms peculiar to different trees
make in the orchard a pleasing variety. In the Killam
Hill we always find an eccentric angularity in its limbs,
while in the Sweet Bough we have a type of perfect
symmetry : and it is a singular fact that the fruit of these
two trees partake in their shape of the trees themselves.
Among the various forms which characterize different
trees I think that of the 20 ounce Pippin surpasses all for
beauty. The form natural to the tree is one of nearly
perfect symmetry, and its habit of growth is to make more
■fine branches than other varieties, and hang its fruits on
the very tips of these branches ; the result is that when
the large, symmetrical., elegantly colored apples are mature,
they hang down as elegant pendants all over the tree,
.and so please the eye, that any lover of the beautiful hav-
ing once seen the sight will never forget it.

It seems to me that a classification of apples is needed
to include those varieties which are the best adapted for
our comparatively new and growing industry, that of
•evaporated fruit, for it is a well-known fact that some
varieties are better than others for this purpose. There
is another limited use to which we put this king of all
our fruits, for which some varieties are better than others.
I refer to the manufacture of jellies and marmalade.
These are probably the most easily made and the cheap-

est of all our home preserves, and as usually made prob*-
ably the poorest, too; but when made from the varieties
best adapted to this purpose, there are but few put upon
the table that are preferred to it. It is with apples as
with grapes, while wine of some sort can be made from
all varieties, some (such as the Isabella) will be almost
worthless, while that from others (such as the Catawba
and Ives), will rank with the very best. In all our home
experiments, in the making of jelly and marmalade, we
have found none to equal in quality that made from ma-
tured Pickman Pippins. It is to be regretted that the
fine variety is so little planted nowadays. The tree is
long lived, grows to a large size, and is a heavy cropper.
The apples are full average in size, elegant in their gold
and carmine color, very crisp in their flesh, and possess a
very brisk, sub-tart flavor, which is very much liked by
many. For all cooking purposes they cannot be sur-
passed. I believe it would make a first-class variety for
evaporated fruit. Its time for perfection is the late fall
and early winter. The one objection to it is that it is
not a very good keeper, but with so many good qualities
that can be utilized it ought to be found in every nursery
catalogue.

While there is but little danger amid the present
apathy in orchard planting of our entering on apple cul-
ture so extensively as to overstock the market, native and
foreign, yet before entering on any plan for cultivating
the late varieties on a large scale, it might be wise for us
to bear in mind what our Nova Scotia neighbors are doing
in this line of business. They have almost unlimited
area in Annapolis and an adjoining county which are
capitally adapted to apple raising, and as their fruit is
taking the precedence not only in the English market but
also in our own, by reason of the care with which it is
packed as well as for its excellent quality and for supe-
rior keeping qualities, paying them a much larger profit
than any other crop they raise, they are fully aroused to
their opportunities, and arc planting out thousands of
acres of new orcharding with every year. As it has been

estimated that the two counties which appear to be spec-
ially adapted to apple culture, are capable of raising from
'five to ten millions of barrels annually, it is obvious that
the future of the apple market will probably be to a large
extent in their hands. Under such a present and pros-
pective condition of affairs could the Department of Ag-
riculture better serve the farmers of New England than
by sending a commission to Nova Scotia to get at all the
facts in the case, and more especially to determine
whether or not there are any varieties which the Euro-
pean market would take that we can raise here better
than they can there ?

A word from my experience with the Russet Baldwin, a
variety which has been highly praised at some of our insti-
tute gatherings — and as far as quality goes not over-
praised for in this respect it is superior to the famous Bald-
win itself. In its cropping qualities I find it to be decid-
edly inferior to the Baldwin. On my farm I had many
native trees grafted to it which I now intend to regraft
with the Baldwin.

For several years I have sold my apple crop on the trees
either at a fixed price per barrel or by the lump, the pur-
chaser in the former case to take all on the ground after a
given date, previous to which I had all the windfalls picked
up, this condition being made in order that I might not
lose by any storm that might occur after the sale. I have
found on figuring over the matter that the profit on the
apple crop, where pickers are hired, is not so large as is
.generally believed. My figures are as follows. In them I
assume that 8 barrels is an average days' work by a care-
iul hand, taking the whole orchard as it averages : —

Dr.
Barrel of Apples,

To picking, $0 19

Barrel, 20

Sorting, filling and heading, 10

Marketing at rate of ten barrels per day, 25

$0 74

Or.

Barrel of Apples,

•2-3 of barrel good, at rate of 81.50 per bbl., $1 00'
1-3 seconds, at #1.00 per bbl., 33

81 33
74

Profit per barrel, 59

If these figures are correct it follows that in case
we have to hire men to pick our apple orchards, we should
do better to sell our apples on the average at GO cts. per
barrel. I have made no account of the cider class, for I
consider that those just about pay for their picking up.

I have devoted the larger portion of the paper to a pre-
sentation of the esthetic side of our king of fruits. Should
any good friend inquire why 1 have done so I will reply in
the word of a distinguished philosopher, lt It is wise to care
for the beautiful in life ; the useful will take care of itself."
James J. H. Gregory, for the Committee.

PEACHES, GRAPES, AND ASSORTED FRUITS.

The Committee on Peaches, Grapes, and Assorted
Fruits have attended to their duty, and respectfully re-
port to the Secretary that they have made the folio wing-
awards :
#2.00. First premium, to Edwin Very, Dan vers, for Essex

County Seedling peaches.
2.00. First premium, to E. S. Burbeck, Peabody, for

Freestone White Flesh Grove Mignone peaches.
2.00. First premium, to E. S. Burbeck, Peabody, for

Yellow Flesh Crawford peaches.
1.50. Gratuity, to J. A. Peasley, Peabody, for White

Flesh Old Mixon peaches.
1.50. Gratuity, to Minnie Walton, Salem, for White

Flesh Seedling peaches.

1.50. Gratuity, to George Pettengill, Salem, for Ives'
Blood peaches.

1.00. Gratuity, to C. B. Haven, Peabody, for Haven's
Seedling peaches.

50c. Gratuity, to David Loud, Peabody, for Yellow
Flesh Crawford peaches.

3.00. First premium, to Frederick Lamson, Salem, for
collection of peaches.

1.00. Gratuity, to E. F. Coleord, Dauvers, for Crawford
peaches.

GRAPES.

3.00. First premium, to C. B. Haven, Peabodj", for Con-
cord grapes.

3.00. First premium, to Dr. J. W. Goodell, Lynn, for
Hartford Prolific grapes.

3.00. First premium, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for
Moore's Early grapes.

3.00. First premium, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for
Niagara grapes.

3.00. First premium, to C. B. Haven, Peabody, for Del-
aware grapes.

3. GO. First premium, to E. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for
Worden grapes.

3.00. First premium, to Samuel Cammett, Amesbury,
for Martha grapes.

1.50. Gratuity, to W. H. Little, Peabody, for Lee's
Early grapes.

1.50. Gratuity, to J. X. Estes, Peabody, for Salem, No.
2 grapes.

1.50. Second premium, to Geo. F. Barnes, Peabody, for
Concord grapes.

50c. Gratuity, to A. C. Osborne, Peabody, for Champion
grapes.

50c. Gratuity, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for Lady-
grapes.

COLD HOUSE GRAPES.
6.00. First premium, to R. F. Morris, Peabody, for Black
Hamburg grapes.

4.00. Second premium, to R. F. Morris, Peabody, for
Barbarosa grapes.

QUINCES.

1.00. Gratuity, to C. B. Haven, Peabody, Cor Orange
quinces.

1.00. Gratuity, to Alfred McLeod, Danvers, for Cham-
pion quinces*

1.00. Gratuity, to Henry O. Wade, Essex, for Orange
quinces.

PLUMS, ETC.

1.00- Gratuity, to Geo. P. Osborne, Peabody, for Yellow

Egg plums.
1.00. Gratuity, to Otis Brown, Peabody, for Lombard

plums.
75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Joseph Henderson, Peabod}^ for

Coe"s Golden Drop plums.
50c. Gratuity, to J. M. Burbeck, Peabody, for Weaver

plums.
50c, Gratuity, to Susan P. Newhall, Peabody, for Green

Gage.
50c. Gratuity, to J. II. Hall, Lynn, for cluster Cuthburt

Raspberries.

ASSORTED FRUITS.

1.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Basket.
:;.<i(). Second premium, to A. J. Hubbard, Peabody, for

Basket.
1.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Heylingberg, Peabody, for

Basket.
oOc. Gratuity, to Sumner Southwick, Peabody, for

Pyramid Tears.
50c. Gratuity, to Sumner Southwick, Peabody, for

Pyramid Apples.
John Preston, W. B. Foster, Geo. Pettengill — Com-
mittee.

FLOWERS.

The Committee on Flowers have attended to their

duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they

have made the following awards :

$1.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. S. Hodgkins, Peabody,
for Amaryllis.

1.00. First premium, to Miss M. E. Peirce, Peabody, for
Asters.

1.00. First premium, to Miss M. E. Peirce, Peabody, for
Pansies.

50c. Gratuity, to Agnes H. Hale, Rowley (12 years of
age), for boquet Wild Flowers.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. Alonzo Raddin, .Peabody,
for Garden Dahlias.

50c. Gratuity, to Abbie Felton Wilson, Peabody, for
boquet Garden Flowers.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Chas. E. Marsh, Lynn, for col-
lection of Gladioli.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. James Buxton, Peabody, for col-
lection of Dahlias.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mr. M. B. Faxon, Saugus, for collec-
tion of Nasturtiums.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Heylingberg, Peabody, for
Begonia.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. Henry Hill, Amesbuiy, for
collection of Garden Phlox.

50c. Gratuity, to Chas. H. Robinson, Lynn, for two
boquets.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. David Warren, Swamps-
cott, for Basket of Garden Flowers.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. David Warren, Swampscott, for
Boquet of Garden Flowers.

50c Gratuity, to Mrs. David Warren, Swampscott, for
Boquet of Native Flowers.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. Susie Vickary, Lynn, for
Boquet of Garden Flowers.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. C. Vickary, Lynn, for
Drummond Phlox.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. H. A. Perkins, Peabody,
for Begonia.

2.00. Gratuity, to R. F. Morris, gardener to Jacob C.

Rogers, Peabody, for collection of Plants.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Kattie L. Forniss, Peabody, for

collection of White Dahlias.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. Joshua Buxton, Peabody,

for Nasturtiums.
50c. Gratuity, to Miss Carrie S.-Dummer, Rowley, for

Boquet Native Flowers.
2.00. First premium, to Mrs. M. E. Fuller, Middleton,

for Design Native Flowers.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss L. H. Newhall, Peabody, for 10

Coleus.
1.00. First premium, to Miss L. H. Newhall, Peabody,

for Roses.
50c. Gratuity, lo Sylvester Parrott, Lynn, for Coxs-

comb.
1.00. First premium, to S. C. Lord, Peabody, for Single

Dahlias.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Simon Buxton, Peabody, for

Marigolds.
1.00. Gratuity, to J. M. Ward, Peabody, for Hand Bo-

quet.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. A. Cain, Lynn, for Pansies.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. A. Cain, Lynn, for Mari-
golds.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. A. Cain, Lynn, for Cut

Flowers.
2.00. Second premium, to Mrs. J. A. Cain, Lynn, for

collection Cut Flowers.
50c. Gratuity, to M. S. Perkins, Danvers, for Boquet

Native Flowers.
1.00. First premium, to T. C. Thurlow, W. Newbury,

for 12 Japan Lilies.
1.00. Gratuity, to T. C. Thurlow, W. Newbury, for

collection of Lilies.
1.00. First premium, to T. C. Thurlow, W. Newbury,

for Garden Phlox.
50c. Gratuity, to C. A. Buxton, Salem, for collection of

Pansies.

2.00. Gratuity, to E. & C. Woodman," r Dan vers, for

Begonias.
1.00. Gratuity, to J. M. Ward, Peabody, for collection

of Plants.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for
Basket of Flowers.
We desire to call special attention to specimen flowers
of " Desmodium pendulifolium," a hardy shrub exhibited
by T. C. Thurlow, W. Newbury. Also to display of
Single Petunias exhibited by Mrs. J. Henry Hill, Ames-
bury, Mass.

Edward E. Woodman, Mrs. E. V. Gage, Mrs. William
Horner, Clara A. Hale, Henry N. Berry — Committee.

Note— The Chairman, Mr. Woodman, made recommendations to the Trustees,
revising the Rules and Premium List of Flowers, which were partially adopted.
See the list tor 1889, near the last pages.

D. W. Low, Secretary.

VEGETABLES.

The Committee on Vegetables have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :
$3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Eclipse

beets.
3.00. First premium, to Aaron Low, Essex, for Dewing's

beets.
3.00. First premium, to Aaron Low, Esses, for Edmand's

beets.
3.00. First premium, to Henry Bushby, Peabody, for

Danvers carrots.
3.00. First premium, to Nathan Bushby, Peabody, for

Short Horn carrots.
3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Mangold

Wurtzels.
3.00. First premium, to H. A. Stiles, Middlcton, for

purple top turnips.

-3.00. First premium, to H. A. Stiles, Middleton, for White

flat turnips.
o.OO. First premium, to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for

Yellow Ruta Baga turnips.
3.00. First premium, to M. B. Faxon, Saugus, for White

Ruta Baga turnips.
3.00. First premium, to Wm. A. Jacobs, Danversport, for

Maltese parsnips.
3.00. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for

Danvers onions.
3.00. First premium, to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for

Yellow Flat onions.
3.00. First premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for Red

Globe onions.
3.00. First premium, to M. B. Faxon, Saugus, for Early

Rose potatoes.
3.00. First premium, to M. B. Faxon, Saugus, for Beauty

of Hebron potatoes.
3.00. First premium, to Wm. E. Sheen, West Peabody,

for Clark's No. 1 potatoes.
3.00. First premium, to M. B. Faxon, Saugus, for Pearl

of Savoy potatoes.
3.00. First premium, to J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead, for

Early Maine potatoes.
3.00. First premium, to Henry Bushby, Peabody, for

Savoy cabbage.
'2.00. Second premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for

Savoy cabbage.
■3.00. First premium, to Aaron Low, Essex, for Deephead

Brunswick cabbage.
"2.00. Second premium, to Jerry Bresnehan, Peabody, for

Fottler's Brunswick cabbage.
3.00. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for

Stone Mason cabbage.
2.00. Second premium, to Philip Bushby, Peabody, for

Stone Mason cabbage.
3.00. First premium, to S. P. Buxton, Peabody, for Red

Drumhead cabbage.

2.00. Second premium, to Jacob G. Bodge, Feabody, for

Red Drumhead cabbage.
3.00. First premium, to C. R. Anderson, West Boxford,

for cauliflower.
2.00. Second premium, to Jacob G. Bodge, Peabody, for

cauliflower.
2.00. First premium, to E. C. Smith & Son, Rowley, for

celery.
3.00. First premium, to Aaron Low, Essex, for Early Cory

sweet corn.
3.00. First premium, to M. B. Faxon, Saugus, for Stow-

ell's Evergreen corn.
3.00. First premium, to Wm. A. Jacobs, Danversport, for

Dunlap's Prolific Marrow squash.
3.00. First premium, to A. G. Osborn, Peabody, for Tur-
ban squash.
3.00. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for

Hubbard squash.
3.00. First premium, to Aaron. Low, Essex, for Essex

Hybrid squash.
3.00. First premium, to Wm. A. Jacobs, Danversport, for

Bay State squash.
2.00. First premium, to Aaron Low, Essex, for Musk

melons.
2.00. First premium, to B. P. Ware, Marblehead, for

Nutmeg melons.
2.00. First premium, to B. P. Ware, Marblehead, for

Boss watermelons.
3.00. First premium, to E. & C. Woodman, Danvers, for

Paragon tomatoes.
3.00. First premium, to E. & C. Woodman, Danvers, for

Volunteer tomatoes.
3.00 First premium, to Aaron Low, Essex, for Cardinal

tomatoes.
3.00. First premium, to Aaron Low, Essex, for Dwarf

Champion tomatoes.
3.00. First premium, to Aaron Low, Essex, for Essex Hy-
brid tomatoes.

8.00. First premium, to Aaron Low, Essex, for collection
of tomatoes.

3.00. First premium, to Wm. K. Cole, West Boxford, for
peck cranberries.

2.00. Second premium, to Andrew Lane, Rockport, for
peck cranberries.

1.00. Third premium, to Francis Marston, Danvers, for
peck cranberries.

8.00. First premium, to J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead,
for collection.

6.00. Second premium, to Aaron Low, Essex, for collec-
tion.

50c. Gratuity, to John V. Warner, No. Beverly, for citron
melon.

3.00. Gratuity, to E. C. Larrabee, Peabody, for collection.

50c. Gratuity, to Wm. A. Jacobs, Danversporr, for Hub-
bard squash.

50c. Gratuity, to Wm. Martin, Wenham. for cucumbers
and corn.

1.00. Gratuity, to H. F. Broderick, Peabody, for mam-
moth squashes.

50c. Gratuity, to Munroe Bros., Lynnfield, for sweet corn
and beets.

2.00. Gratuity, to Wm E. Sheen, West Peabody, for col-
lection of potatoes.

1.00. Gratuity, to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for Guerande
carrots.

1.00. Gratuity, to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for parsnips.

1.00. Gratuity, to Philip Bushby, Peabody, for Butman
squashes.

1.00. Gratuity, to Philip Bushby, Peabody, for Danvers
carrots.

50c. Gratuity, to E. & C. Woodman, Danvers, for pepper
plant in pot.

50c. Gratuity, to George Buchan, Andover, for Cleveland
tomatoes.

1.00. Gratuity, to George Reynolds, Peabody, for six pots
sweet herbs.

1.00. Gratuity, to C. R. Anderson, West Boxford, for
White Egg turnips.

1.00. Gratuity, to S. W. Spaulding, Danvers, for Marrow
squashes.

2.00. Gratuity, to Aaron Low, Essex, for new varieties
potatoes.

2.00. Gratuity, to M. B. Faxon, Saugus, for turnips and
sweet corn.

50c. Gratuity, to Xellie J. Horace, Topsfield, for cauli-
flower.

50e. Gratuity, to Nathan Bushby, Peabody, for Lentz

beets.
1.00. Gratuity, to Nathan Bushby, Peabody, for Dleer's

Improved Lima beans.
1.00. Gratuity, to Nathan Bushby, Peabody, for Long

Orange carrots.
1.00. Gratuity, to Chas. B. Haven, Peabody, for Ancient

Egyptian corn.
50c. Gratuity, to George Foan, Peabody, for Marrow

squash.
50c. Gratuity, to H. J. Foan, Peabody, for Marrow

squash.
50c. Gratuity, to Samuel Killam, Boxford, for Burbank

Seedling potatoes.
50c. Gratuity, to Geo. Hawkes, Lynnfield, for potatoes.
1.00. Gratuity, to F. H. Appleton, W. Peabody, for corn

and Lima beans.
50c. Gratuity, to J. W. Osborn, Peabody, for squashes.
50c. Gratuity, to Aug. Harrington, Peabody, for corn and

potatoes.
50c. Gratuity, to R. H. Wilson, Peabody, for cabbages

and potatoes.
2.00. Gratuity, to S. P. Buxton, Peabody, for collection.
50c. Gratuity, to G. H. Tufts, Middleton, for cranberries.
50c. Gratuity, to L. G. Moulton, West Peabody, for

cranberries.

Your committee arc pleased to report that the display
•of vegetables offered for premiums was both large in

quantity and excellent in quality. The beets and ear-
rots shown were for the most part well grown, especially
Mr. Low's beets and Mr. Henry Bushby's Danvers carrots,
which were very perfect specimens. Quite a number of the
exhibitors showed beets and carrots with the tops on, which
took up a large amount of unnecessary space, crowded the
tables, and did not improve the appearance of the vegeta-
bles in the least, and the committee would suggest that in
future all roots be shown without tops.

H. A. Stiles, as usual, received the premiums for Purple
Top and White Flat turnips ; both lots were very smooth
and of uniform size. Mangold Wurtzcls and Ruta Baga
turnips were well represented. Onions as a rule were
poorly ripened, although Mr. Gregory's Yellow Danvers,
Yellow Flat and Red were excellent, and David Warren's
Yellow Danvers were all that could be desired.

The display of potatoes was large and for the most part
of good quality, being free from rot and very smooth, but
most of the exhibitors pay too much attention to size, and
as a result exhibited tubers that were too large for family
use, and in making the awards your committee followed
the foot-note in regard to size of vegetables which says that
potatoes shall be of good size for family use, and a most,
excellent rule it is, as mere size -is certainly one of the last
requisites of a good potato. Wm. E. Sheen made an ex-
hibit of twelve varieties of potatoes, all of which were well
grown, smooth, and of the proper size. The manner in
which he arranged them on the tables deserves commenda-
tion, they being displayed in wooden boxes of uniform size
which made a very neat appearance. M. B. Faxon re-
ceived first premium for Early Rose, Pearl of Savoy, and
Beauty of Hebron potatoes.

The large number of entries and good quality of the
cabbages made it a very diffcult matter for your committee
to decide on the premiums. Warren's Stone Mason, Low's
Peerless, and Deep Head Brunswick cabbages were well
represented, and arc three tine varieties and deserve a place
in every kitchen garden. The Cauliflower and Celery was
fair, although only a few entries were made.

Mr. Low's twelve ears of Early Cory sweet corn received
the first premium for the ripest and best early, and M. B.
Faxon was awarded the prize for late corn in milk, for
Stowell's Evergreen. Squashes are remarkably good this
year and are well ripened. Some fine specimens of Dun-
lap's Prolific Early Marrow were shown. This squash,
though a comparatively new variety, is fast gaining in pop-
ular favor. It is a true type of marrow squash, very early,
and a great improvement on the common variety. Low's
New Bay State squash is also an early ripening sort and
very prolific, and Mr. Low tells us that it is an excellent
keeper. Some nice Hubbard, American Turban and But-
man squashes were also on the tables.

The wet weather has not been favorable for ripening
melons, the specimens shown being only of fair quality,
although some very nice Boss watermelons were noticed.

The usual good display of tomatoes was made. Messrs.
Woodman exhibited a plate called Arolunteer, a round,
smooth tomato of good quality. Your committee would
advise a change in the prizes offered for tomatoes, as it is
almost impossible to tell where the line should be drawn
between round and flat and flat and spherical tomatoes,
therefore we suggest that prizes for tomatoes be as follows :
*" For best twelve specimens Acme, Emery, Cardinal, Essex
Hybrid, or any other variety, each variety, premium of
three dollars ; the prize for exhibition of greatest variety to
remain as at present."

There were five entries of cranberries, all of which were
of inorft excellent quality. The first prize for collection
was awarded to James J. H. Gregory, who placed upon the
tables eighty varieties of vegetables, amongst which were
noticed a collection of twenty-five varieties of sweet corn,
including the standard kinds, Old Colony, Potter's Excel-
sior, and Stowell's Evergreen ; peppers, cucumbers, and
potatoes were shown in good variety, and his display of
melons, squashes, pumpkins and onions wTas not only large

'Suggestion adopted by Trustees, with flight amendment, at November meet-
ing.

but ofmosl excellent quality, making altogether a collection
of which Mr. Gregory may well be proud.

11. F. Broderick exhibited Mammoth pumpkins. Porter's
Market of Salem was represented by a largo horn of plenty,
well filled with flowers, fruits and vegetables, ('has. B.
Haven's ancient Egyptian corn proved quite a novelty.
This corn was the growth of three years, from seed obtained
from an Egyptian mummy ante-dating four thousand years.

S. \V. Spaulding brought thirteen large marrow squashes
which were raised on a single vine. These squashes would
easily have filled two barrels, which is of course a most
remarkable yield. Having mentioned the leading features
of this department and referring to the list of premiums and
gratuities attached for the details, your committee would
call the attention of our exhibitors to the following rule
which in many cases seems to have been forgotten : " No
competitor for premium to exhibit more or less number of
specimens of any vegetables than the premiums are offered
for.'' In several cases fourteen and fifteen specimens were
shown where the schedule called for twelve, and sometimes
as low as nine or ten were exhibited when twelve was the
required number. As a result your committee were
obliged to debar these exhibitors from competition. But
as a whole the display in this department was very satis-
factory.

Respectfully submitted,

M. B. Faxon. Chairman.

GRAIN AND SEED.

The Committee on Grain and Seed have attended to their
duty, and respectfully n p >rt to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :
#8. First premium, to Aaron Low, Essex, for 285 varieties

Field and Garden seeds.
- i. Second premium, to J. J. II. Gregory, Marblchcad,
for '2'>1 varieties Field and Garden seeds.

$1. First premium, to S. W. Weston, Middle con, for 1

peck barley.
$1. First premium, to S. W. Weston, Middleton, for 1 peck

rye.
|1. First premium, to F. 0. Kimball, Danvers, for 1 peck

shelled corn.
$5. First premium, to M. L. Emmerson, Haverhill, for 25

ears field corn.
$3. Second premium, to Chas. J. Peabody, Top field, for

25 ears field corn.
$2. Third premium, to John B. King, Middleton, for 25

ears field corn.
$3. First premium, to J. A. Curtis, Peabody, for 25 ears

pop corn.
$2. Second premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for 25 ears

pop corn.
Rufus Kimball, Albert W. Howe, D. Bradstreer, James
W. Kimball — Committee.

COUNTERPANES AND AFGHANS.

The Committee on Counterpanes and Afghan^ have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to th. Secre-
tary that they have made the following awards :

$3. First premium, to Miss Anna Bushby, Peabody, for

silk quilt.
$2. Second premium, to Mrs. Augustus Southwick, Pea-
body, for afghan.
$2. Second premium, to Mrs. Chas. M. Osborn, Peabody,

for silk quilt.
$1. Gratuity, to Mrs. Chas. H. Brooks, Peabody, for silk
quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to L. A. Israel, Peabody, for silk quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Mary T. Weston, Peabody, for

patch quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Nellie A. Huntington, Amesbury,
for woolen quilt

§4

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Thomas Carroll, Peabody, for silk

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Anna H. Little, Newburyport, for

silk puff.
50. Gratuity, to Miss Lola M. Cate, Peabody, for woolen

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Sarah Paul, Beach Bluff, for silk

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Susan Howard, Peabody, for knit

quilt.
.50- Gratuity, to Mrs. Webster Pane, Salem, for velvet

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Susan Hind, Taple}Tville, for patch

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Carrie B. Swan, South Peabody,

for plush quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Henry Farnum, Peabody, for silk

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Frank T. Arnold, Peabody, for silk

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. G. B. Beckett, Peabody, for *ilk

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. Roberts, Salem, for patch quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Helen Bushby, Peabody, for silk

quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Chas. Goldthwait, Peabody, for

afghan.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Miunie Osborn, Peabody, for

afghan.

1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Alice Nelson, Peabody, for afghan.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. A. Foster, Salem, for afghan.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. H. Brooks, Peabody, for afghan.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Amos Buxton, Peabody, for afghan.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Mary A. Chceny, Danvers, for

afghan.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Frank M. Goss, Peabody, for

afghan.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. C. Pike, Peabody, for afghan.

»5

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. M. Little, Peabody, for afghan.

.50. Gratuity, to Miss Alice Nelson, Peabody, for afghan.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. A. Hill, Peabody, for afghan.
Mrs. Chas. H. Brooks, Mrs. Elizabeth A. King, Mrs. A.
F. Harvey, Mrs. A. Raddin — Committee.

CARPETINGS AND RUGS.

The Committee on Carpetings and Rugs have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :
■$3.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. Fairbanks, Salem, for rug.
2.00. Second premium, to Mrs. David Warren, Swamp-

scott, for rug.
Diploma, to Herbert J. Foan, Peabody, for wool skin rugs.
1.50. Gratuity, to Miss M. M. Plummer, Salem, for rug.
1.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Moses E. Cook, Newburyport, for

rug.
1.50. Gratuity, to Delia D. Hale, Rowley, for wrought rug.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Chas. T. Mooney, Salem, for 2 rugs.
1.50. Gratuity, to Miss M. A. Chute, Salem, for 2 rugs.
1.00. Gratuity, to H. F. Savory, Salem, for rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss F. C. Smith, Salem, for knit rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to M. M., 101 Washington St., Peabody,

for rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Henrietta Pushee, Beverly, for rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. George Gammell, Peabody, for

drawn rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Frank A. Witham, Middleton, for

drawn mat.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. G. W. Gardner, Danvers, for rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to F. W. Steinbeck, Lynn, for 2 rugs.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Charlotte P. Dodge, Beverly, for rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. E. Roberts, Salem, for rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mr. Calvin Foster, Beverly, for 2 rugs.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Daniel Emerson, So. Lynnfield,

for rug.

.50. Gratuity, to Mr. Freeman Murray, Lynn, for rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss R. E. M. Richardson, So. Peabody,.

for rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Mary D. Bomer, Pcabody, for rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Lizzie Baxter, Beverly, for rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. P. Stoddard, Peabody, for rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Win. Gray, Peabody, for rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Win. Gray, Peabody, for rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Frank A. Winchester, Peabody,

for nig.
.50. Gracuity, to Mrs. L. E. Andrews, Salem, for 2 rugs.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. George Gammell, Peabody, for rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Mary 0. Smith, Danversport, for

kni* rug.
Andrew Nichols, Sarah B. Shorey, Isabelle S. Ladd —
Com in idee.

ARTICLES MANUFACTURED FROM LEATHER.

The Committee on Articles Manufactured from Leather
have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards :
$5.00. First premium, to C. P. Spencer, Salem, for carriage

harness.
5.00. First premium, to Chas. McTernan. Danvers, for

team harness.
5.00. First premium, to Herbert Gardner, Peabody, for

express harness.
3.00. Gratuity, to C. P. Spencer, Salem, for case of leather

goodc.
2.00. First premium, to John F. Todd, Rowley, for hand

made boots.
2.00. Gratuity, to Alonzo Raddin. Peabody, for hand

made Congress boots.
2.00. Gratuity, to Chas. R, Smith, Lynn, for women's but-
ton boots.
1.00 Gratuity, to A. T. Blake, Peabody, for leather cases.

§7

2.00. First premium, to Alonzo Raddin, Peabody, for

machine made women's shoes.
2.00. First premium, to Chas. R. Smith, Lynn, for hand

made women's shoes.
2.00. First premium, to P. If. Flint, Danvers, for chil-
dren's shoes.
Diploma recommended to be given to Alonzo Raddin of
Peabody, Mass , for best exhibition of boots and shoes man-
ufactured in Essex County.

Hiram N. Ilarriman, Augustus T. Billings, D. 13. Burn-
ham — Committee.

MANUFACTURES AND GENERAL MERCHANDISE.

The Committee on Manufactures and General Merchan-
dise have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to
the Secretary that they have made the following awards :
$3.00. Gratuity, to Newhall M. Jewett, for horn goods.
3.00. Gratuity, to Wheeler & Wilson, Salem, for sewing

machines.
2.00. Gratuity, to Fred Friend, Salem, for boat.
2.00. Gratuity, to Geo. R. Norton, Peabody, for stoves.
2.00. Gratuity, to F. L. Sears, Peabody, for stoves.
2.00. Gratuity, to W. Noyes, Newburyport, for safe.
.50. Gratuity, to Hamlett& Powers, Salem, for cases of

corn.
.50. Gratuity, to G. L. Richardson, So. Peabody, for

drinking fountain.
.50. Gratuity, to Edward C. Sanger, Peabody, for shells.
1.00. Gratuity, to Jesse R. Smith, Peabody, for horse
shoes.
.50. Gratuity, to Geo. R. Knowlton, Hamilton, for tin

ware.
.50. Gratuity, to J. R. Fogg, Amesbury, for fruit picker.
Diploma, to F. Osborn Jr. & Co., Peabody, for kip leather

and splits.
Diploma, to A. J], Clark, Peabody, for calfskins.

Diploma, to A. B. Clark, Peabody, for skivers and skins.
Diploma, to Murray & Carroll, Salem, for horse shoes.
Diploma, to Dole & Osgood, Peabody, for horse shoes.
Diploma, to R. B. Pray & Co., Danvers, for cigars.
Diploma, to Wm. Mayhew. Peabody, for grocers' index.
Diploma, to M. Bodge, Lynn, for plated ware.
Diploma, to Wiley & Poor, Peabody, for splits and dongola.
Diploma, to IT. A. Southvvick, Peabody, for I. S. dongola.
Diploma, to J. F. Ingraham, W. Peabody, for fancy skins.
Diploma, to Geo. E. Marsh & Co., Lynn, for soap.

FANCY WORK AND WORKS OF ART.

The Committee on Fancy Work and Works of Art have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary that they have made the following awards :
Diploma, to Mrs. L. G. Howard, Salem, for fancy work in

fish scales.
$1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Daniel Emerson, Lynnfield, for 6

oil paintings.
1.00. Gratuity, to M. N. Pond, Salem, for oil paintings.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mary A. Southvvick, Peabody, for fancy
articles.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Olive E. Rodie, Peabody, for hand-
kerchief.
1.50. Gratuity, to Miss M. O. Barrett, Peabody, for pen
sketchings.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss M. O. Barrett, Peabody, for wash

paintings.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Franklin Osborne, Peabody, for

table mats.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. C. Pike, Peabody, for two tidies.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. M. Poor, Peabody, for 3 oil
paintings.
.75. Gratuity, to Annie Jones, Danvers, for pillow shams.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Mary F. Shirley, Danvers, for
infant's dress.

1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Lizzie M. Goodrich, Lynnfield, for

2 charcoal drawings.
1.00. Gratuity, to Nellie F. Everett, Danvers, for 2 oil
paintings.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. W. O. Gray, Peabody, for banner.
.50. Gratuity, to L. J. Putnam, Danvers, for apron.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Horace C. Ware, Salem, for oil

painting.
1.00. Gratuity, to A. R. Thaeher, Peabody, for 2 crayons.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. P. Baker, Peabody, for doilies.
1.00. Gratuity, to Lizzie T. Fallon, Peabody, ,for 3 oil

paintings.
1.00. Gratuity, to Percy Grosvenor, Peabody, for tray

cloth and tidy.
1.00. Gratuity, to Percy Grosvenor, Peabody, for 3 oil
paintings.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Mary F. Pierce, Peabody, for knit
lace.
1.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. P. Xewhall, Lynn, for handker-
chiefs, tidies and doilies.
.75. Gratuity, to Lillie S. Heylingberg, Peabody, for 2

oil paintings.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. L. Hardy, Peabody, for 2

netted tidies.
.50. Gratuity, to Georgie S. Hart, Peabody, for scarf.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. Chas. P. Mills, New bury port, for

placque.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. W. Thomas, Salem, for towels.
.75. Gratuity, to Miss Nellie Magoon, Danvers, for 2 oil
paintings.
1.00. Gratuity, to Annie S. Symonds, Peabody, for 2 oil

paintings.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Frank M. Goss, Peabody, for ham-
mered brass.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. R. W. Wilkinson, Peabody, for

knit lace.
.50. Gratuity, to Alice Sawyer, Peabody, for paper
flowers.

.50. Gratuity, to Miss Amanda D. Low, Gloucester, for
crochet skirt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. G. H. Jacobs, Peabody, for water

colors.
1.00. Gratuity, to Carrie B. Si van, So. Peabody, for oil
painting.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss P. T. Arnold, Peabody, for table

scarf.
.50. Gratuity, to Gennie Arnold, Peabody, for pillow
shams.
1.00. Gratuity, to J. S. Tufts, Peabody, for crochet apron.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. L. Taylor, Salem, for embroidery.
1.00. Gratuity, to Alice H. Berry, Peabody, for portrait.
1.00. Gratuity, to M. H. Pierce, Peabody, for pillow shams.
1.00. Gratuity, to Lizzie Arnold, Salem, for 2 oil paintings.
.50. Gratuity, to Fannie Thomas, Peabody, lor handker-
chief.
1.00. Gratuity, to S. B. Manslield, So. Peabody, for 3 oil

paintings.
1.00. Gratuity, to Apphia C. Symonds, Salem, for '1 oil

paintings.
1.00. Gratuity, to N. Vickary, Lynn, for 4 cases of birds.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Geo. II. Jacobs, Peabody, for china
paintings.
.75. Gratuity, to L. M. Goodrich, Lynnlield, for blanket.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Webster Dane, Salem, for skirt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Hattie P. Allen, Beverly, for tidy.
.50. Gratuity, to Lizzie Arnold, Salem, for painted necktie_
.75. Gratuity, to Louise E. Osborne, Peabody, for table
cover.
1.00. Gratuity, to Osman Jewett, Salem, for 3 oil paintings.

.50. Gratuity, to Margaret Lord, Peabody, for scarf
1.00. Gratuity, to John S. Sutton, Peabody, for 2 oil

paintings.
1.00. Gratuity, to Julia M. Smith, Danvcrsport, for col-
lection of crocheting.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. R. Peabody, Topsfield, for table
cover.

1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Alice Stoyle, Peabody, for crayon
sketch.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. Hayden Smith, Lynn, for cu-
rious jewelry.

The number of entries in this department were two hun-
dred and sixty. Nearly four hours were devoted to the
awarding of the gratuities. *We, as the committee, recom-
mend the separation of Fancy Work and Works of Art.
$50 is certainly needed in each department in order to do
justice to the many meritorious exhibits ; we most earnestly
request the Trustees to act on this before the next annual
fair.

The paintings completely occupied the wall on one side
of the hall, while two long tables were devoted to fancy
articles. Nearly every article deserved special notice. We
doubt if there was ever a larger display or one of finer
work in this department, at our county fair.

Lizzie I. Huntington, Mrs. D. P. Grosvenor, Emily H.
Campbell — Committee.

^Xote. — The recommendation was adopted by the Trustees as far as separation
and allowing; .?:;() to each Committee for gratuities.

WORK OF CHILDREN UNDER TWELVE YEARS

OF AGE.

The Committee on Work of Children under Twelve
Years of Age have attended to their duty, and respectfully
report to the Secretary that they have made the following-
awards :

•13.00. First premium, to Ida F. Searle, Salem, for crazy
quilt.

2.00. Second premium, to Reuhamur M. Holmes, Essex,
for two quilts.

1.50. Gratuity, to Mary II. Woodbury, Salem, for hand-
made shirt.

1.00. Gratuity, to Belle Ferren, Peabody, for sofa pillow.

.50. Gratuity, to Mabel Perkins, Peabody, for knit edging.
.50. Gratuity, to Hattie Pushee, Beverly, for chair

cushion.
1.50. Gratuity, to Lena G. Morgan, Manchester, for afghan.
.50. Gratuity, to Hannah G. Blaney, Peabody, for paper

flowers and tidy.
1.00. Gratuity, to P. W. Legro, Lynn, for Lord's prayer.
.50. Gratuity, to Gertrude P. Cole, Peabody, for flannel

skirt.
.50. Gratuity, to Annie and Marian Warner, Peabody,

for afghan.
.50. Gratuity, to Ben Lester Porter, Peabody, for bureau

scarf.
.50. Gratuity, to Linda M. Balcora, Peabody, for tidy.
.50. Gratuity, to Gertrude and Alice Barrett, Peabody,

for towel and tea tray.
.50. Gratuity, to Ethel and Annie Longfellow, Byfield,

for lamp mats.
••>0. Gratuity, to Norah Conroy, Peabody, for tidy.
Mrs. Chas. J. Peabody, Mrs. M. E. Fuller, Mrs. David
Warreu, Mrs. Frances O. Perkins — Committee.

IMPROVING WASTE LANDS.

In recommending an award of first premium, -115, to C.
K. Ordway & Son of West Newbury, would respectfully
report that Mr. Ordway's improvement of waste land is
rather exceptional in its character, but nevertheless it is an
improvement, the best evidence of which is the fact that his
neighbors are preparing to follow his example, though be-
fore he had attempted it they had given it that smile of
incredulity which is the benison usually bestowed upon
enterprises that are regarded either as impracticable or
impossible. Every one who has sailed on our New England
rivers, in whose eyes good land has a value, has felt regret
at the great waste of the alluvium, the very richest of soil,
which is so often made evident by bare, perpendicular

banks of dark, rich soil, eaten away by the devouring'
water. The waste of so much fertile land along the banks
of all our large streams is an enormous loss to agriculture.
The erosian by some of our larger rivers is so extensive
that in some portions of their course they have changed
their entire bed in a single season, leaving stranded inland
towns that were built upon their banks, thus utterly de-
stroying their commerce and all enterprises founded on it.
This eating away and devouring the rich soil which it has
itself deposited in the course of the ages, is strikingly
illustrated by our own Connecticut, in what is known as
the great " ox-bow " in the vicinity of Northampton. What
the possibility of this means as regards the comfort and
happiness of the inhabitants of such districts, may be
learned by talking with the farmers of old Hadley, who will
point out to you a bend at the centre of the town, against
which, during the spring freshets, the river impinges with
such force, that in spite of all the precautions taken, as
evinced by an extensive series of piles driven near the bank
and the masses of brush and stone used as a defensive
backing, and the arrangement by which all the inhabitants,
with their teams and tools came hurrying to the point of
danger at the warning tone of the alarm bell at any hour
of the day or night, it is still the firm belief of the inhabi-
tants of that old puritan town, that it is merely a matter of
time when the mighty river shall break through all bar-
riers, and cut its way directly across the centre, bearing
along the Academy and other buildings which are regarded
as fated, on its angry waters. Our Merrimac does not
carry so mighty a stream within its banks, nevertheless all
along its course, can be seen the effects of the wasting
action of its waters, ancient or recent, caused either by the
impinging of floating logs or ice against its banks, or by the
sucking friction of the water of high freshets. How to pre-
vent the denuding of its shores and check the erosive action
of the running water, is the problem which the brave enter-
prise of Mr. Ordway has attempted to solve. It was one
out of the beaten track such as required a man of some
originality of mind to conceive.

Your committee found the extensive river border of Mr.
Ordway's farm sloping gently to the water, all well graded
over and capable of being cut with a mowing machine.
Adjoining the farm the hanks of the river were in their
natural state, and showed, very plainly by contrast, just
what Mr. 0. had accomplished. These were covered with
trees and bushes, were steep in many places, full of irregu-
larity and depression, mostly the effects of former river
action, and every here and there were areas washed out by
the recent action of the waters of the Merrimac. Mr. 0.
has not only reclaimed a waste and levelled its irregular
surface by plowing down here and filling up there, so that
a mowing machine can run over it, but, best of all he has
made his slope at such an angle as to prevent from the pos-
sibility of future erosion. I have never seen the subject
discussed, but will venture the suggestion that the angle at
which the slope of the soil meets the water to insure pro-
tection from wearing away in the future, must be about the
same along our river bank as that known as the " beach
angle."' along the coast of the ocean. The fact that there
is such an angle, and that the coast or any structure to
which the waves have access is liable to destruction until
that is formed, is a discovery of comparatively recent years.
When the great breakwaters were being built off the coast
of Cherburg in France and Plymouth in England, the fust
attempts failed, every heavy storm tearing them to pieces
and frustrating the skill of the ablest engineers of their day.
Finally it was noted that where the slope of stones made an
angle with the water of about 20 degrees they were no
longer disturbed. Some scientist, on studying into the
matter, found that the same angle was the one at which
beaches meet the ocean, where they protested the land from
erotion. and hence it was called the '•' beach angle." I
would therefore suggest that in making these protecting
slopes in improving the banks of our river, the angle of
safety to the ocean coast be had in mind. For protection
from the effects of the impinging of floating logs and ice
there can be no angle of safety : the price for them must
be eternal vigilance.

Mr. Oil I way and his neighbors are fortunate in having

apparently an unlimited depth of friable clay on their land

bordering the river ; they have no poor subsoil to bother

them while making their improvements. On ascending

from the river meadows to the upland we found the clay

gradually replaced by a sandy soil, which brought to mind

the old quail rain, which contains a hint worth acting on:

" Clay on sand
Makes very good land;
Sand on clay
Throws money away."

James J. II. Gregory, for the Committee.

STATEMENT OP C. K. ORDWAY <v SON OP WEST NEWBURY.

This piece of land we offer for premium, measuring BOO
rods, is on the banks of the Merrimac river between the
Intervale and the water. It was covered with wood and
bushes. We cut off and pastured it with sheep two years.

In 1884, we plowed and dug out the stumps, graded
down the bank, harrowed, and planted it with potatoes,
without manure, at the expense of $75. (The bank that
we graded down was washed out eight feet deep in places.
We have graded it so that we can mow with a machine to
I he water's edge) We raised 120 bushels of potatoes that
sold for $1.25 per bushel.

In 1885. The second year we put on seven cords of
manure, plowed and planted with corn and raised 100
bushels of shelled corn, worth 75 cents per bushel.

In 188(3. We plowed and sowed it with oats and grass
seed. Raised 50 bushels of oats worth 50 cents per bush.

In 1887. We mowed from it two tons of English hay,
worth $18 per ton, and one and a half tons of swale hay
worth $10 per ton.

In 1888. We mowed from it two tons of English hay
worth $18 per ton, and 3200 lbs. of swale hay worth $10
per ton.

184 <i0

80 00

IMPROVEMENTS. Df.

1884. — Cost of preparing ground for planting. $75 00
Cost of potatoes for seed, 9 60

Cost of hoeing them once, 2 00

Cost of harvesting, 8 00

1885. — Cost of 7 cords manure put on,

Cost of ploughing and harrowing,
Cost of seed and planting,
Cost of hoeing,
Cost of harvesting,

1886. — Cost of ploughing, harrowing and

sowing, 7 00

Cost of oats for seed, 2 50

Cost of grass seed, 3 00

Cost of harvesting oats, 11 00

23 50

1887. — Cost of cutting and storing hay, 10 00

1888. — Cost of cutting and storing hay, 10 00

Total cost for five years, $208 10

Or.
1884. — 120 bushels potatoes raised,
1885. — 100 bushels shelled corn,
3 tons of stover,

1886. — 50 bushels oats,
Straw,

1887. — 2 tons English hay,
li ton swale hay,

1888.— 2 tons English hay,
Swale hay,

Total value products for five years, $388 50

Profit for five years $180.40, or $36.08 yearly.

See Note next page.

*150

75 00

24 00

- 99

25 00

12 00

36 00

15 00

36 00

15 50

Note. — 5 years products per acre, average $41.44 yearly, $207 20

5 years expenses per acre, average $22.19 yearly, 1 10 95

."> years profit per acre, average $19.25 yearly, $96 25

beside increased value of land.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE OX GRAIN CROPS.

The Committee on Grain Crops report but two entries
for the society's premiums. One by Oliver P. Killam of
Boxford, of Indian corn ; his statement is imperfect inas-
much as he does not state the amount of shelled corn his
158 bushels would yield, nor should it be inferred that
from this quantity of ears that the crops was very heavy,
yet as the year has been very unfavorable, and as when
viewed there was evidence of good care and thorough
culture we recommend that Mr. Killam be given the pre-
mium of $10.

The other entry was of a crop of barley by William
W. Perkins of Newbury. This was one of the best fields
of " waving grain " seen for many years. The Committee
regret that Mr. Perkins did not give the weight of straw
upon the acre entered as this is an important element in
the value of the crop. We know that it was heavy, and
in the scarcity of straw in Essex County, think it of
about two-thirds of the value of the grain. We recom-
mend that Mr. Perkins be given the first premium of $10.
Respectfully submitted,

William Little, James P. King, Baxter P. Pike — Com-
mittee.

STATEMENT OF OLIVER P. KILLAM.

To Es&ex Agricultural Society. Statement concerning a
crop of corn raised by Oliver P. Killam in the town of
Boxford, 1888. The crop of 188G was English hay about
1200 pounds per acre. No manure was used. The crop
of 1887, English hay, about 1000 pounds. No manure
was used. The soil is a light gravel loam. Ploughing

was done about the middle of May, six inches deep.
Barn manure was spread and plowed under, twenty-four
loads to the acre of thirty bushels each. Value of manure
$2 per load. Cost of plowing and harrowing $9. Used
300 pounds of fertilizer in the hills at a cost of $4.80.
Planted the field May 22, by hand, using one peck of
eight-rowed yellow corn with hills three and one-half
feet apart each way. Cost of planting $3.50. Cultivated
four times each way, and hoed by hand twice. Cost of
both $7. Commenced cutting and stooking Sept. 10.
Cost of harvesting $13. Amount of crop 158 bushels of
corn on the ear. I think the smuts discounted from five
to ten bushels of ears per acre.

COST OF CROP.

Barn manure,

Fertilizer.

Plowing and harrowing,

Seed and planting,

Cultivating and hoeing,

Harvesting,

55 GO

Allowing half value of manure to remain in ground, 20 40

$48 00

Total cost per acre, $59 20

Nov. 9,11

I hereby certify that I have measured one acre of land,
planted to corn, for Oliver P. Killam, of Boxford, to be
entered for premium with Essex Agricultural Society.

Moody K. Stacy.

This is to certify that 1 have helped husk, and seen to
measuring the corn grown on the above acre which
amounted to one hundred and fifty-eight bushels.

Moody K. Stacy.

Nov. 9, 1888.

STATEMENT OF WM. W. PERKINS OF WEST NEWBURY OF
BARLEY CROPS.

To the Committee, on Grain Crops, Essex Agricultural
Soeir/ //.

Gentlemen : — The acre of barley which I have entered
for premium was a part of three acres and thirty-five rods.
The ground was plowed the middle of May, six inches
deep; harrowed and sowed with three bushels of seed,
after the seed was sown, brushed in with brush harrow
and rolled with heavy roller. The soil is clay loam, clay
predominates, ground quite low, underdrained a few years
since. I used no manure, as the ground had been planted
with onions for ten or fifteen years, highly manured and
generally kept clean from weeds. Harvested the middle
of August, threshed and measured. Whole amount of
barley on the lot, three acres and thirty-five rods. 133
bushels. On the acre I present for premium, forty-three
bushels and three peeks weighing forty-eight pounds per
bushel. Cannot estimate straw. Was offered 80 cents
per bushel for barley.

EXPENSES.

Plowing acre, $2 50

Harrowing '• 1 00

Sowing " 50

Brush Rolling acre, 50

Seed 3 bushels, at $1.35, 4 05

Harvesting, 1 50

Threshing, 6 00

Cleaning, 1 50

Mowing, 1 50

Nov., 1888.

$19 05
Wm. W. Perkins, Newbury.

Note. — 43 3-4 bushels barley at 80 cents, $35 00

Straw estimated, 23 33

$58 33
Expenses, 19 05

Profit, $39 28

IOO

1 hereby certify that I have measured one acre of
ground, planted, with barley, entered Tor premium by
Wm. W. Perkins of Newbury.

Nov., 1888.

James PI. IlSLey, Newbury.

This may certify that I have measured for Wm. W.
Perkins of Newbury, forty-three and three-fourths bush-
els barley, grown on one acre of ground.

HENllY MORUISSEY.

Newbury, Nov., 1888.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON ROOT CROPS.

The committee selected to examine the Root Crops
entered for the society's premiums, have attended to that
duty, and report ten entries from seven competitors, viz. :

John H. George, Methuen, crop of onions. Chas. W.
Mann, Methuen, crop of onions and cabbage. H. Gr.
Herrick, Lawrence, crop of carrots. Paul M. llsley,
Newbury, crop of squashes. Romulus Jaques, West
Newbury, crops, Swede turnips, and onions. C. K. Ord-
way & Son, West Newbury, crop carrots. David Warren,
Swampscott, crops, cabbages and squashes.

Your committee feel that they have been amply repaid
for the time and expense they have incurred in visiting
the different competitors for premiums, as they have been
most hospitably entertained in every case, and our hosts
were not only willing and desirous to show all of their
farm products and talk freely of the different methods of
farming, but were willing and anxious to show us other
farms or anything that might be of interest in their res-
pective towns, to an extent that would consume more
time than was at our command.

The first visit we made was to see Mr. John PI. George's
crop of onions on Sept. 11, and found a heavy crop of
medium size, all dried down, and ready to pull and mar-

IOI

ket, with scarcely a scullion or pickler on the piece. They
grew on a piece of reclaimed swamp land with no under-
drain, hut an open ditch all around the piece. The rows
were sowed only twelve inches apart. Mr. George has
but a few acres of land, and that is all made to produce a
crop that any farmer might well feel proud of.

On the same day we visited the crops of onions and
cabbage entered by Mr. Chas. W. Mann. Mr. Mann's
onions were on a piece of good, strong dark loam soil,
sloping slightly to the west, that was suitable to raise a
good crop of any farm product. His crop was some two or
three weeks later than Mr. George's, being hut partly
dried down, but it was a fine piece of onions for the size
of it, there being some four acres devoted to that crop,
and the committee were somewhat at a loss to tell where
the best half acre was he had entered for a premium.
The rows were fourteen inches apart and the onions being
thin grew of large size, with very few picklers, and if
they had been sowed a little thicker would have been a
very heavy crop.

Mr. Mann's crop of cabbage was on a piece of strong
land near the base of quite a high hill sloping somewhat
to the westward. It was a very heavy crop of "Mr.
Mann's strain of Stone Mason," the heaviest crop, the
committee thought, they ever saw. They stood higher
on the stump than the common Stone Mason. In looking
over the field the committee could not find a cabbage but
what had a good solid head of very large size for that
time of the year, it being early in the season for the crop
to have its full growth. The rows were three feet apart,
the plants two feet in the row.

While in Methuen Mr. George took us to see Capt H.
G. Herrick's farm in that town, and we were fortunate in
finding the genial Captain there. He took us over his
whole place and showed us the many improvements which
he is making, and among other things he showed us a fine
piece of carrots, which he has since entered for a pre-
mium. The carrots were on a piece of dark loam, on

102

which was an orchard of young apple trees. Mr. Herrick
bought the seed for Danvers carrot, but to his disgust
about one-half of it was the Gerande. If it had all been
the Danvers the crop would have been very heavy, there
being nearly thirteen tons to the half acre as it was.

On Sept. 21 the committee visited Mr. Paul M. llsley
of Newbury, who had entered a crop of squashes, and also
on the same day visited Messrs. C. K. Ordway & Son of
West Newbury, who had entered a crop of carrots, and
Mr. Komulus Jaques of the same town, who had entered
a crop of Swede turnips and onions.

Mr. Usley had an acre of fine Essex Hybrid squash on
a piece of land of the nature of a sandy loam. That was
planted in 1886 to corn, manured with barnyard manure.
In 1887 it was planted to potatoes manured with fer-
tilizer. The crop was not so heavy as some, but was very
even, all well ripened, and ready to gather ; very few
small or inferior ones ; so much so that one of the com-
mittee asked him what he had done with the poor ones or
seconds.

Messrs. C. K. Ordway & Son, whose farm is located on
the banks of the Merrimac Kiver, and a considerable por-
tion of it is fine intervale land that is capable of produc-
ing a good crop of anything they see fit to cultivate.
Our object was to see a half acre of carrots which the}r
had entered for a premium. They were of the Chanter-
noy variety, which in our opinion are not so profitable to
raise as the Danvers, although they had a very good crop.
The}r were short, but held their size the whole length,
and could be pulled as easily as turnips, requiring no
digging. But carrots are not the only good crop they
raise, they having several acres in corn, and one of their
pieces some of the committee estimated to produce very
near one hundred bushels of shell corn to the acre. They
also took pride in showing us their dairy, in the shape of a
fine lot of homemade cheese, for which they find a ready
market in Haverhill at an advance in price from the com-
mon article. The Messrs. < udway are experimenting this

103

season, selling one-half of their milk, and making the
other half in cheese and feeding the whey to several large
fat hogs to see where the most profit is. We are inclined
to think that the most profit will come from the cheese
and pork.

Mr. Komulus Jaques had a very promising crop of tur-
nips planted on soil of a loamy nature. His onions were
a fair crop of good quality and size, but rather late.

On Oct. 3 we went to Swampscott to see a crop of
squash, and cabbage entered by David Warren. It was
an unfavorable time to visit Mr. Warren as his land is
rather low and flat, although it is all underdrained. The
heavy rains of the preceding week made the land very
wet and in many places being covered with water, espec-
ially where his cabbages were. He had a good crop of
cabbages, every head being perfect and very solid, set
close to the ground on a short stump. The heads were
not so large as Mr. Mann's, but we should say more pref-
erable for family use, although comparing the weight to-
the acre we should say Mr. Mann had decidedly the most.

Mr. Warren's crop of Bay State squashes grew on black
loam with gravelly subsoil, partly underdrained. The
squashes were of good size, hard and well-ripened.

The committee feel that it is somewhat difficult to
decide on the cabbage and squash crops, everything being
so nearly equal, and for that reason have given it to the
largest crop.

The committee award the following premiums:
ftlO. First premium, to John II. George, Methuen, for
crop onions.
|5. Second premium, to Chas. W. Mann. Methuen, for
crop onions.
810. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for
crop squashes.
$5. Second premium, to Paul M. Ilsley, Newbury, for
crop sq uashes.
$10. First premium, to ('has. W. Mann. Methuen, for
crop cabbages.

104

$5. Second premium, to David Warren, Swampscott,
for crop cabbages.
$10. First premium, to Horatio G. Herrick, Lawrence,
for crop carrots.
$5. Second premium, to 0. K. Ordway & Son, West
Newbury, for crop carrots.
$10. First premium, to Romulus Jaques, West Newbury,
for crop turnips.

John M. Danforth, For the Committee.

STATEMENT OF A CROP OF ONIONS, GROWN BY JOHN
H. GEORGE, OF METHUEN.

The land on which they were grown, is peat meadow.
The crops of 1886 and 1887 were onions ; manure, in form
of compost, applied at rate of 8 cords per acre. This year
it had at rate of 10 cords, good horse manure and night
soil, per acre, ploughed in about 4 inches deep, in the fall;
in the spring it was harrowed, brushed, and dragged, and
sown with Yellow Danvers seed, 4 lbs. per acre; hoed five
times ; weeded three times ; harvested 372 bushels on the
half acre.

CROP.

Dr.

To Preparation of Land, $1.50

Manure, 5 cords at $5.00, 25.00

Seed and sowing, 7.00

Hoeing five times, 2.00

Weeding three times, boy labor, 6.00
Harvesting and topping, at 5 cents per bushel, 18.60

Interest and taxes on land, 6.00

$70.10
Cr.
By 372 hush, onions (sold early) at 90c, average

price per bushel, $334.80

70.10

Balance, $264.70

See Note next page.

io5

Note— Crop per acre. 744 bushels at 90 cents. $669.60

Cost per acre, 140.20

$529.40

I hereby certify that the land upon which grew the crop
of onions entered for premium, by John H. George, meas-
ured eighty rods.

Jos. S. Howe, Surveyor.
Methuen, Sept. 11, 1888.

STATEMENT OF CHARLES \V. MANN, OF METHUEN, ON
ONION CROP.

To the Committee on Root Crops :

The piece of onions that I enter, was grown on a west-
erly slope of rather heavy loam, and has been in cultiva-
tion live or six years, once stony but now quite free from
large stones, though small ones are still plenty. I find it
difficult to give the expense and crop from a half acre
and so shall give the account of one bed as taken from
my crop book, and though this will not show as heavy a
yield as a picked half acre, or two quarters, the premium
is offered for the '; best experiment" so I may stand some
chance of winning even if the yield be not the largest.

The bed measures 102,000 feet or about 2 1-8 acres.
Eighty spreader loads of a compost of stable manure
muck, night soil and grease waste or mudgeon was applied
and plowed under last October, after removing a crop of
onions, and onion, beet, cabbage and parsnip seed. The
crop in 188G was seed and cabbage, being only fairly
manured in 1886 and 1887, perhaps seven cords per acre
or its equivalent in other fertilizers.

April 25, began harrowing with Climax wheel harrow,
applied 1200 pounds Tucker's Bay State Phosphate to
the upper part of the field and had the piece smoothed
down with the Meeker harrow ready for sowing April 30,
using Danvers Yellow Globe seed of my own growing,
crop of 1887. The crop started well, though rather
slowly and a little thinner than some years, but later in

io6

the season, grew rapidly and were plenty thick enough
to be good size and yield well. The crop ripened well
except in one wet corner where there were some scullions
and there were no picklers, all the onions being large.
The first weeding begun May 30, just 30 days from sow-
ing, the second June 20, third July 6 and fourth July 23,
after which they had very little attention.
Here is the account :

Dr.

20 cords manure. $160 00

1200 pounds phosphate, 21 00

Applying phosphate, 1 ^0

Plowing, 15 hours at 40c, (i 00

Harrowing, 10 '• " " 4 00

Meeker, 8 " " 30c, 2 40

8 pounds seed at $5, 40 00

Sowing, 10 hours at 20c, 2 00

6 bags salt applied, 4 00

1st weeding, T^c. to 20c. per hour, 40 70

2d '• 36 45

3d •■ 21 70

4th - 19 60

Removing weeds &c, 3 75

Pulling, 7 00

Raking and drying, 6 00

Picking up, 12 50

Teaming and storing, 25 00

Total, 841 3 10

Yield 1250 bushels.

Cost stored per bushel, $ 33

Cost per acre, 177 00

Yield per acre, 535 bushels.

I do not know what the crop will sell for, but hope to
realize a fair profit. There are really man)' items that
enter into the cost of our farming that are not charged to
these special crops such as taxes, interest, insurance, c«>st
of tools and teams and repairs on same, depreciation of

107

value of horses and harnesses, keep of team in winter
and stormy weather, and a thousand and one others that
we might think of, a certain portion of which should be
charged to each crop, but they never are, at least when
we figure for a premium. Whatever the profit may prove
to be I feel that " seedtime and harvest " have not failed
as far as this crop is concerned.

Chas. W. Mann.

I hereby certify that the piece of land on which the
crop of onions, entered for premium by Mr. Mann, was
grown, measures, 102,000 feet.

C. H. T. Mann.

STATEMENT OF DAVID WARREN, OF SWAMPSCOTT, ON
SQUASH CROP.

The following is a statement concerning a crop of Ba}r
State squashes raised by David Warren, of Swampscott,
on one hundred and twelve rods of land.

The crop of 1886 was squashes, one application of
stable manure at the rate of seven to eight cords to the
acre.

The crop of 1887 consisted of cabbages, manure applied
at the rate of eight cords to the acre.

The soil is a dark loam with gravelly sub-soil. It was
ploughed in the fall of 1887, and cross ploughed in the
spring of 1888, and stable manure applied with Kemp's
spreader, by going over it twice, then harrowed with
Randall harrow ; planted 22d of May in hills eight feet
apart, four seeds to a hill, cultivated twice, and hoed
twice.

COST OF SQUASH CROP.

Rent of land, $3 00

Ploughing in the fall of 1887, 1 50

Ploughing in the spring of 1888, 1 50

Cost of manure used on the piece, -:>> 00

Furrowing and preparing hills, 75

Planting, 1 00

io8

Cultivating and hoeing twice,

Cost of harvesting,

Seed,

Cost on 110 sq. rods, $40 25

Product on 110 sq. rods, 19,380 lbs.

Note.— Product per acre, 27,6S."> lbs.
Expenses per acre, $57.50.

David Warren.

Swampscott, Oct. 6, 1888.
This certifies that I have this day measured a tract of
land having on it a crop of squashes, owned by David
Warren of Swampscott, and entered by him for the Essex
Agricultural Society's premium, and that such tract con-
tains one hundred and twelve rods of land.

Allen Rowe.

Swampscott, Oct. 4, 1888.
From David Warren, loads of Bay State squashes, gross
47,940 lbs. ; tare 28,560 lbs. : net 19,380 lbs.

C. S. Lewis, Weigher.

STATEMENT OF PAUL M. ILSLEV, OF NEWBURY, ON SQUASH

CROP.

The crop, of squashes which I enter for premium was
grown on a soil of sandy loam, planted in 1886 with corn,
manured with 5-V cords of strong barn manure, and
planted in 1887 with potatoes, manured with 900 lbs.
fertilizer in the drill.

In the spring of 1888 ploughed seven inches deep, turn-
ing under about 5 cords of barn manure, and put in each
hill two forkfuls of manure in which was mixed a quan-
tity of fish offal, about 61- cords altogether.

The hills were made 8£ feet each way, and planted
about May 25, with Essex Hybrid seed, six to the hill,
and thinned to three plants.

109

The crop was cultivated twice each way, hoed twice,.
and harvested October 5.

Quantity of No. 1 squashes on 1 acre, 24,488 lbs.

Seconds estimated, 1,000 lbs-

This certifies that I weighed one load of the squashes
which P. M. Ilsley entered for premium, and loaded the
remainder as near as possible to an equal weight, and that
the above figures are correct.

John M. Little, Jr.

Cost of crop :

Ploughing and preparing ground, about $5 00

Value of manure applied, about 58 00

Seed and planting, about 3 00

Cultivation and care, 10 00

Harvesting and storing, about 12 00

-183 00
Paul M. Ilsley.
Newbury, Oct. 25.

This certifies that I measured the land on which P. M.
Ilsley raised the above crop of squashes, and that its area
is one acre.

Joseph Ilsley.

statement of charles w. mann, ok methuen, on
cabbage crop.

To the Committer, on Root Crops :

The crop of cabbages that I enter for premium was
grown on a sidehill piece running from wet meadow to
gravelly knoll.

In 1885 and 188G the land yielded a crop of stone that
would certainly have taken a premium had there been
one offered for that crop. The yield was fully 800 perch
per acre and perhaps more, as it was just cram full of
them and big ones too. The land was first ploughed in
November, 1886, with a team of four, two oxen and two
horses, and it was a tough job.

I IO

In 1887 more stones were taken off, and about 4 cords
of manure, put on and harrowed in as well as possible,
and sowed to oats, which gave perhaps a ton of dry fodder.
Late in the fall the piece was cross ploughed and more
stone removed. Soon after June 1st we spread on 25
cartloads of strong- manure from barn cellar mixed with
some stable manure from the city, and June 12th it was
ploughed and harrowed and more stone picked. Fur-
rowed three feet apart and dropped a handful of phos-
phate to the hill a little over 2 feet apart, covered with a
hoe, and dropped seed and covered that with a hoe, being
careful to cover it very lightly and stamp it well : this
was done on the 13th and 14th of June. The variety
was my own strain of Stone Mason. The crop was cul-
tivated and hoed twice in July, after which only one half
day's work pulling weeds was required to keep it clean
until the harvest which began Oct. 11th, pulling them
and storing in barn cellar to keep for seed purposes.

The seed came up in four days and lost no time through
the season. The land measures 23,920 feet, 2140 over
one-half acre.

Here is the account as taken from my crop book :

Dr.

6i cords manure at $8.00, 150 00

600 lbs. Tucker's Bay State, 10 50

Plowing and harrowing, 3 00

Furrowing and planting, 6 00

6 oz. seed, 1 50

Cultivation, 12 00

Total cost ready to harvest, $ 83 00

Yield 3630 heads or 300 bbls.. for 12 heads would fill a
barrel on the average and I rather think that ten would.
The cost to raise was 27 2-3 cts. per bbl. ; cost to cut and
market 20 cts. per bbl., and selling price in Lawrence 40
cts. per bbl., which would have made a loss, if sold, of
about 8 cts. per bbl. The cost of pulling, teaming a half
mile and storing was f of a cent a head.

1 1 1

Where the wliole cost of manure is charged to the one
crop I think it unnecessary to charge interest and taxes.
The cost per acre was $140.00 ; the yield per acre 6600
heads or 550 bids., and the profit or loss per acre no man
knoweth until sold, but whether it be a profitable crop
this year or not, ifc was the heaviest field of Stone Mason
I ever raised or saw, and there is some satisfaction in a
big crop outside of its cash value.

Chas. W. Mann.

I hereby certify that the piece of land on which the
crop of cabbages, entered for premium by Mr. Mann, was
grown, measures 23,920 feet.

A. A. Tarr.

STATEMENT OF DAVID WARREN, OF SWAMPSCOTT, ON
CABBAGE CROP.

The crop of cabbages which I enter for premium was
grown on land that had been in grass two years preced-
ing. The soil is a dark loam with gravelly sub-soil ;
ploughed in the fall of 1887, six inches deep; stable ma-
nure applied in the spring of 1888 with Kemp's spreader,
at the rate of eight cords to the acre, wheel harrowed in
with Randall harrow first of June. The seed put in with
seed sower, in rows three feet four inches apart, thinned
down from two to two and a half feet apart, cultivated
twice and hoed twice, and thinned.

Cost of ploughing in the fall.

Cost of wheel harrowing in the spring,

Value of manure on land,

Cultivating, hoeing and thinning,

Seed,

Rent of land,

Expense of crop on one and one

quarter acres, $76 00

Note. — Expenses per aero, $60.80

David Warren.

I 12

The piece of land of David Warren's, having a crop of
cabbage, contains one acre and a quarter of land.

Allen Rowe.

statement <>f h. g. kerrick, of lawrence, on carrot

CROP.

The land occupied by this crop is an apple orchard, the
trees of six years planting, twenty-five feet apart, and is
one-half acre in Methuen. The land is a dark, heavy
loam and rather wet.

The crop of 1880 was mangolds, manured with stable
manure. The crop of 1887 was corn ; manure 18 loads
(30 bushels per load), stable manure, and Mapes' corn
fertilizer broadcast and in hills, 500 lbs.

The land was ploughed in fall of 1887, cross ploughed
in spring of 1888, 7 to 8 inches deep, harrowed with
wheel and smoothing harrows. The land was too wet
and heavy to be pulverized as well as it ought to have
been. Manured with 5 cords stable manure ploughed in.
Sowed May "I'd. The seed was bought for Danvers, but
proved, to my great disgust, about one-half (leronde.
Rows 17 inches apart ; weeded and hoed twice, thinned
and cultivated with a small tooth cultivator about as close
as possible. Harvested last week in October.
Amount of crop : 458 bushels = 12.6 tons.

Cost, manure,

Hauling and spreading manure,

Ploughing and harrowing,

Seed,

Sowing,

Weeding and hoeing,

Harvesting,

Total cost,

Note— Product per acre, 2(3.9.") tons, at $12 per ton,
Cost per acre,

•$25

87
75

$57

(32

$323.

P23

.33

Profit per acre, £200.07

This certifies that the piece of land on which the crop
of carrots, entered by Capt. H. G. Herrick, for Essex
County Agricultural Society's premium, was grown,
measures 20,350 square feet; and the lot of carrots grown
thereon measures 458 bushels.

('has. II. F. Mann-
Met hi- kx. Nov 13, 1888.

STATEMENT OF C. K ORDWAY & SON, OF AVEST NEWBUET,
OX CARROT CROP.

This crop of carrots we offer for premium was raised
on land that one-half was carrots, the other half in corn
last year. This year we put on two cords of barn-yard
manure, and ploughed from nine to ten inches deep, and
sowed to carrots. The seed was Chantenoy seed. The
seed was obtained from Mr. J. J. H. Gregory of Marble-
head. We hoed and weeded three times din'ing the sea-
son, and thinned to about five inches the second weeding.
Finished harvesting Oct. 18. Weighed the entire crop
on the public scales and had 18,594 lbs.
Cost of crop :

Manure, 2 cords, |20 00

Ploughing and harrowing, 2 00

Raking and sowing, 2 00

One pound of seed, 1 15

Hoeing and weeding, 18 00

Harvesting, 10 00

#53 15

Products 9 tons, 594 lbs. at $12 per ton, 111 55
Less eo<t. 53 15

$58 40
Allowing half the value of the manure

remaining in the land, 10 00

The result will be a profit, %C)$ 40

See Jfote next pn

ii4

Note — Product per acre,

L8.6 tons at $12, $223.20*

Cost per acre, 106.30

Profit per acre, sl 16.90

Allowing manure left in ground for land rent.

I certify that I measured the land on which the above
crop of carrots was raised, and that it contained eighty
square rods and no more.

C. D. Ordwav.

STATEMENT OF R. JAQTJBS, OF WEST NEWBURY, ON RUTA
BAGA TURNIP CROP.

My turnip crop I offer for premium. The crop of 1886
and 1887 was grass, one-half ton to acre. This year I
used for the turnips stable manure, at the rate of five
cords per acre, no commercial fertilizer being used. Soil
is sandy loam. One-half pound of seed was used, sown
in drills two feet apart. Was cultivated once. Was
weighed in baskets, sixty pounds to the bushel. The
result was 275 bushels of merchantable turnips on the
half acre.

Cost of ploughing and levelling, $4 00

Value of manure, two cords and one-half, 17 50
Value of seed and sowing same, 2 00

Cultivating once, 60

Weeding and thinning, 5 00

Harvesting, 12 00

Whole expense,

HI 10

Value of ruta bagas, 275 bushels at

40 cts. per bushel,

110 00

Expense,

41 10

Profit of half acre, $68 90

Rate of turnip crop per acre, 550 bush., $220 00
Kate of cost of crop per acre, 82 20

Profit per acre, $137 80

This is to certify that I, J. 0. Jaques, surveyed the
land for Mr. R. Jaques, where the 275 bushels ruta bagas
grew, and found it to be one-half acre.

J. O. Jaques.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON STRAWBERRIES
AND OTHER SMALL FRUITS.

The committee appointed to act on Strawberries and
other Small Fruits, have attended to their duty, and
would submit the following report :

There were but two entries, one of strawberries and
one of grapes. Mr. George J. Pierce, of West Newbury,
entered strawberries, 180 sq. rods. Two of the committee
(Mr. Ilsley and myself), visited Mr. Pierce and viewed
his strawberries early in July, found the beds clean and
free from weeds. The berries were not as large as last
year, but we thought Mr. Pierce entitled to the premium
and awarded it to him.

A vineyard of Niagara grapes was entered by E. A.
Goodwin of Amesbury, for examination and report, no
premium being offered by the society. Three of the com-
mittee, Mr. Woodman, Mr. Ilsley and myself, visited Mr.
Goodwin's vineyard, Oct. 3, found the vines loaded with
fruit, but not ripe, and a part of the vines had been
frosted at that time and would not ripen, and the re-
mainder of the vines were frosted the 5th, so they were a
total loss to Mr. Goodwin. He estimated the crop at
about two tons. I think we are too far north to raise
grapes at a profit in Essex County.

Respectfully,

J. Henry Hill.

6TATEMKXT OF GEO. .1. TIERCE (»F BRAKE HILL FARM;
WEST NEWBURY.

Of erop of " Charles Downing,'' " Wilson," and " Cres-
cent " strawberries, on 180 rods of land. Soil gravelly

loam, sloping to the west and southwest. Plants set in
the spring of 1 887, about the same quantity of each variety.
Cost of ploughing, harrowing, and preparing the
and for setting out the plants, #4.50 per day, for man
and team two days. 9500 plants to the acre were set, at
a cost per thousand of $2.50. Planting, $7. Hoeing,
19. For mulching. 2 tons of salt hay, at $8 per ton.
Picking cost two cents per quart ; marketing, two cents
per quart. First picking, June 2*2d, 50 quarts. Last
picking, July 21st, II quarts. Total crop, 5452 quarts.
Average selling price, L3i cents. Rent of land and in-
terest, $5 per acre.

Crop report per acre :

Product per acre 4846 qts. of strawberries

at 13£ eta., $654 21

Expenses:

Ploughing, harrowing and preparing land

for setting out plants,
0500 strawberry plants,
Planting,
Hoeing,
Mulching,

Picking 4846 qts. at 2 cts.,
Marketing same at 2 cts.,
Kent of land and interest,

$250 04

Profit per acre, $395 17

ESSAY ON ANNUALS AND THEIR CULTIVA-
TION.—Part II.

It is with a feeling of great pleasure that I continue
my talk to you about annuals, and you will pardon me if
before proceeding I for a moment speak of the four
flowers we considered last year. Not that I have any-

ii7

thing more to say at present about Asters, Pansies, Sweet
Peas or Nasturtiums, but believing these four flowers to
be the perfection of annuals, I cannot leave them without
urging every one to include them in their list of (lowers
to be planted in next summer's garden. Their cultiva-
tion is simple ; good soil, good seed and some care, which
will be amply repaid by flowers that can well be said
" To charm the fishes."

Asters should be planted early in the spring in the
house, and set in the open ground in June, kept free from
weeds and watered in dry weather. Pansy plants, after
being set in the open ground, should have all buds picked
off until thoroughly established, and until the latter part
of August if large flowers are wanted. Sweet Peas
should be planted early and deep, all blossoms picked off
as soon as fully opened so they will not go to seed and
stop blooming. Nasturtiums, as soon as well up should
be thinned to not nearer than eighteen inches apart, but
must be planted thickly as the seed as a rule does not
germinate very well. These are the essential points, by
the neglect of which most of the failures occur in grow-
ing these annuals. For fuller cultural notes see Part I
in last season's transactions. I hope no one will think
that annuals are at all difficult to grow, because so many
little points should be borne in mind, as they are not ; it
is simply that the observance of these little minor matters
help us greatly if we wish to grow them to perfection.
I do not propose to devote much space to the cultivation
of the llowers that follow, unless their culture should
.differ in some essential point from the methods already
described. Let us now consider the single dahlia, grown
from seed, as an annual.

SINGLE DAHLIA.

Single dahlias have of late years become very popular
and deservedly so, as when cut with plenty of foliage
they are certainly very pretty. But the seed must be
started early in the house or greenhouse, that good large

stocky plants may be ready to set out as soon as the
weather is warm and settled. The seed should be planted
in March or the first part of April : as soon as the plants
have been set out where they are to remain, and have
made a good start, they should be tied to stout stakes,
and carefully trimmed from time to time to make them
symmetrical. Do not set the plants nearer in the rows
than four feet apart and cultivate often. As regards
varieties a good strain of mixed seed is what we need.

AGERATUM.

There arc several varieties of this popular plant ; blue,
pink, lavender blue, and white. The Ageratum is valuable,
on account of the length of time it remains in bloom and
for contrast of color with the more brilliant flowers. It is
good in clumps or masses, and the dwarf sorts are excel-
lent bedding plants; it blooms constantly all summer,
and if removed to the house will bloom in winter. The
flowers are always clear in color and very desirable for
boquet work. Their culture is easy as they succeed well
in almost any soil ; the seeds should be started early and
the plants transplanted. The species Mexicanum is the
one usually cultivated; color, lavender blue, and grows
two feet in height ; other varieties are Lasseauxii, pink;
Mexicanum Album, white ; Little Dorrit, a dwarf azure
blue bedding variety, and Imperial Dwarf, also blue.

MARIGOLD.

The African and French marigolds are old favorites in
our gardens, the former (Tagetes Erecta) have large
yellow or orange colored flowers, and usually attain a
couple of feet in height ; the latter (Tagetes patula) are
more dwarf, and have their flowers striped with deep
brown, purple and }rellow. The African is the most
striking in large beds, or mixed borders, while the Dwarf
French makes an excellent foreground to tall plants and
is much used for edgings ; but both varieties are very
showy when planted in masses ; they bloom continuous!}'

ii9

all summer and fall until stopped by frost. Lemon and
orange are the leading colors of the African type, while
the French include brown, golden striped, yellow, brown
and yellow, etc. One of the recent introductions amongst
African marigolds is the "El Dorado," and I will give
the originator's description which it has fulfilled in every
respect : " Without exception the very finest type of this
showy autumn flower. The flowers are from three to
four inches in diameter, perfectly imbricated, and very
double. The colors run through all shades of yellow,
from very light primrose to the deepest orange, and the
proportion of double flowers is greater than in almost any
other selection." Another beautiful class of marigolds
is the Calendula or pot marigolds ; these are of the easiest
culture and bloom almost the whole year outdoors or in
the greenhouse ; in fact the word Calendula is derived
from calendar meaning the first days of the months, in
reference to its flowers being produced almost every
month. The annual varieties mostly cultivated are the
Meteor and Prince of Orange. The Meteor is light gol-
den yellow in color, striped with intense orange, and
blooms continually from May until late autumn. The
Prince of Orange many consider surpasses the above in
beauty, the flowers being striped with a more intense
shade of orange, and this glowing tone is imparted to the
whole flower ; a bed of either is superb. There is also a
white calendula but it is seldom grown.

BALSAM.

The Balsam (Lady's Slipper) being a tender annual
should not be planted outdoors until warm, dry weather.
They should be started in heat and set out when they
have made two leaves, in rows or beds not nearer than
two feet apart each way. The soil should be made as
rich as possible, and the plants, as soon as they become
well started, should be securely staked ; being very pro-
fuse bloomers it is necessary to pinch off a portion of the
shoots, which will increase the size of the flowers and add

120

vigor to the plants. Frequent waterings of liquid manure
will be found very beneficial, as the balsam must be very
highly fertilized if fine flowers are expected. This I lower
has been greatly improved during the last few years, and
we now have the most beautiful colored flowers, including
white, deep blood red, satiny white, white spotted and
striped with lilac, and scarlet, etc. The finest strain is
probably the camellia flowered, some of these flowers
being- almost as perfect and as double as a camellia : a
mixture of this seed, containing all the self and fancy
varieties is what we need.

CANDYTUFT.

The annual candytuft which we will now consider is
universally known, and no garden is complete without it.
It is much used in beds, borders, ribbon gardening, and
for boquets, and single plants transplanted also look well
and bloom abundantly. Seed sown in the fall and
slightly protected with leaves or other light mulching,,
will bloom early in the spring, and sown from April to
June will bloom from July until frost. The colors in-
clude white, purple, crimson and flesh color ; the varieties
are all hardy and easy to cultivate. Some of the sorts
are very fine. Carter's New Carmine is a beautiful vivid
carmine; Dunnett's Crimson is also good; Empress, a
new variety, is pure white. The old favorite, White
Rocket, if given more growing space than the others, and
not planted nearer than two feet apart in rich soil, will
completely cover the ground, and it is a fine variety with
large white trusses.

PETUNIA.

The petunia, a small genus of half hardy herbaceous
perennials, are all natives of South America, and mostly
confined to Brazil. Though strictly perennial they may
be grown as hard}7 annuals. As bedding plants they are
unsurpassed if indeed equalled, and as they succeed in
almost any soil, they are found in almost every garden :

121

also as house plants they are very popular, growing finely
in the window-box or hanging basket. Either indoors or
outdoors their richness of color, duration of bloom, and
easy culture will always render them favorites. The
seed can be sown in spring in the open ground, or planted
still earlier in the hot-bed or a box in a sunny window,
and the plants transplanted into beds from eighteen
inches to two feet apart. By starting the plants early
and transplanting them, the}* will come into bloom earlier
though they flourish perfectly well sown in the open
ground. The seeds being very small should be simply
scattered over the soil, and slightly pressed into it ; if
covered deeply they will not germinate at all. At the
present time there is a great variety of kinds, single,
double, striped and blotched, fringed, etc., in great variety
of colors and markings, and any one purchasing petunia
seed will make a great mistake if they do not have the
best, for the best petunias are simply superb.

PHLOX DRUMMONDII.

The common phlox of our gardens, phlox drummondii,
is a native of Texas, and was discovered in 1835 by a Mr.
Drummond, a botanical collector, sent out by the Glasgow
Botonical Society, hence its name. Like the petunia it is
universally grown, which is the strongest proof of its
beauty and value as a flowering plant. Its culture is the
same in all respects as the petunia. It remains in bloom
a long time, and the colors are very rich, including white,
rose, scarlet, purple and pale yellow.

ZINNIA.

To grow zinnias . to perfection the seed should be
started early in heat, and transplanted at least twice
before they are set out where they are to remain ; to
make the plants stocky set them about two feet apart
each way, more rather than less, and they will completely
cover the ground. If large blossoms are wanted it will
be. necessary to pinch off a great many of the buds, as if

122

•all are allowed to remain the flowers will be small.
Should any plants show themselves to be single they must
be immediately pulled up and thrown away. Zinnias
being very thrifty growers do not need very rich soil and
are not very particular as regards location, doing well
almost anywhere. They grow easily from seed planted
in May in the open ground, and having once blossomed
remain in flower until frost, looking well until the seed is
quite ripe. The fact of the flowers remaining so long
perfect has given the plant one of its common names,
"Youth and Old Age.'" Some of the varieties are grand,
the beautiful scarlet, purple, orange and lilac flowers
being perfectly double and as evenly imbricated as a
camellia. Zinnias are certainly one of our best fall
annuals.

CYPRESS VINE.

This half hardy climbing annual deserves to be more
•extensively cultivated than it is. Its delicate dark green
feathery foliage, combined with an abundance of white,
rose and scarlet flowers, make a very pretty appearance
when properly trained on a veranda or trellis. The cy-
press vine requires a rich soil made very fine and porous,
and if the seeds are soaked in hot water just before being
sown they will germinate more freely than otherwise,
some cultivators pour hot water on the ground after
planting, but I have had better success by soaking the
seed as above stated. Like other annuals, if the seed is
planted in pots in the hot-bed or greenhouse, a much
earlier growth can be obtained. One of the most unique,
and I may say beautiful features of my garden has been
what I call my " Cypress Vine Cone." It is made in the
following manner and always attracts a great deal of
attention : Select a good stout hard wood bean pole about
ten feet or so long, and having made a slightly raised hill
as for beans, set the pole firmly in the centre : around the
pole draw a circle say three or four feet in diameter with
the pole as a centre, and every three inches on the cir-

123

cumference of this circle drive a small stake strong
enough to hold a strong twine running from it to the top
of the pole ; now fasten twine from all these little stakes
to the top of the pole ; this makes our cone. The next
step is to plant the seed so that the vines will, when
grown, completely hide both pole and strings making a
solid mass of foliage and flowers. This is done by plant-
ing the seed thickly around the circle of stakes and
watering until the young plants begin to run up the
strings when they will look out for themselves. This
cone can be made of various colors or of one color as may
be preferred ; in either case the effect is charming, and I
hope this desirable climber will be more used in the
future than it has been in the past.

MORNING GLORY.

While we are considering climbing annuals let us for a
moment speak of that old familiar and alwa)Ts attractive
plant, the morning glory. It will grow anywhere, on
rockwork, stumps of trees or rough fences, and for cover-
ing trellises or rustic work is hardly equalled. The
colors include blue, dark red, striped, white, etc. The
dwarf morning glory has very rich colored flowers and is
much used for beds and borders. The variety Mauri-
tanicus which has blue flowers and is very fioriferous is
very desirable for hanging baskets.

MIGNONETTE.

It is hardly necessary to say that sweet mignonette
(Resedaodorata) deserves a place in every garden, but
without doubt it already has its corner. This plant suc-
ceeds best in a light sandy soil, as when grown in rich
loam it loses its fragrance. Do not allow the plants to
become crowded but keep them well thinned and they
will grow strong and produce large spikes of bloom. If
sown at intervals during the spring and summer migno-
nette will bloom until stopped by frost. Seed planted in
-the fall will flower in the spring, as when protected it

124

becomes a perennial. The best flowers are produced in
cool weather, and if the seed is sown in July it will bloom
to perfection from the first of September until cold
weather. The seed must be firmly pressed into the soil
and watered till well established, as when planted at this
season the ground is usually pretty dry. There are quite
a number of varieties, but the old and well-known fra-
grant sort called Sweet Mignonette is as good as any.
One of the newer kinds called Machet is becoming quite
a favorite for pot culture; it is a French sort of pyramidal
growth, with thick dark green leaves, and throws up
numerous stout flower stalks, bearing large spikes of very
fragrant reddish flowers. Other varieties are Parson's
White, Mile's Spiral and Crimson Giant, the best of some
dozen or fifteen sorts.

1 have already written more than was my intention,
but one liower after another came to my mind and I could
not slight any of my favorites ; but now having mentioned
some of the leading varieties of annuals which represent
the various modes of cultivation, I will close this paper
by asking you all to give in future more attention to this
class of plants.

CABBAGE AND ONIONS.

BY CHAS. W. MANN, METHUEN.

Cabbage is one of the standard money crops grown
among our Essex and Middlesex county farmers. The soil
may be quite heavy if well drained, but good corn land,
though not sandy, is about the thing for this crop. The
manure may be strong and the more of it the better, and
phosphate should also be used in connection with it for the
best results. The best variety for fall and especially winter
and spring market is the Stone Mason, by some called the
Warren cabbage, as this when grown from true seed devel-
ops a deep, round head rather than a large flat one, being
therefore very desirable for storing, as it peels well when

125

taken out, and is still of good shape when seen in the mar-
ket in April and May. In selecting seed for our most val-
uable crops we should either grow it ourselves or buy of
those who do grow it honestly and carefully, but never rely
on such dealers as those who profess honesty yet never sell
a package of anything without labelling it, "While we
exercise the greatest care to have all Seeds pure and
reliable, we do not give any warranty expressed or implied.
If the purchaser does not accept the seeds on these condi-
tions, they must be returned at once." For if the seed
seller can't be sure of what he is selling, how can the seed
buyer be sure of what he is getting ?

Cabbage is quite a speciality among the farmers around
Lowell, where it is extensively grown for winter and spring
market. The Stone Mason of the best strains is the only
variety planted to any amount, unless through ignorance or
to save time somebody goes to the store for their seed, and
then they raise a great variety of fodder and possibly a few
heads of varied shapes and colors, but most of the farmers
about there know their business too well to be caught nap-
ping that way. They believe in manuring heavily, plowing
or harrowing it in, though sometimes putting it in the hill if
the quantity is limited, and many of them use a little phos-
phate in the hill. For manure they go to Lowell or buy in
Boston. They plant the seed in the hills where the plants
arc to grow and mature, from the first to the middle of
June, and often set plants as late as the middle or last of
July, if they have a little room to use where some early
crop has been removed, but the heaviest crops are grown
without transplanting. The cabbage crop should be culti-
vated and hoed often and thoroughly until the plants cover
the ground ; from three to four hoeings will be required to
keep the crop clean and doing well. Winter cabbages will
be ready to put away from the middle of October to the
10th of November, being about the last crop to harvest,
unless we except turnips, for they are not injured by light
or (piite heavy frosts, and though the ground may freeze a
little they will be unhurt ; yet it is better to get them in a

126

day or two before you are obliged to, rather than leave
them out one day too long, for repeated freezing and thaw-
ing will greatly injure their keeping qualities.

There are two methods of disposing of the crop. One is
to sell at the going price directly from the field, getting
from forty cents to a dollar a bbl., according to the market :
this method gives very little if any waste, and makes very
easy and clean trimming, and sometimes gives the best
returns, for some years the price is as good at harvest time
as in March or April following. The other method is to
hold the crop until winter or spring, and this makes stor-
ing necessary. The farmers of Dracut practice storing in
cellars, and a number of them have built large cellars for
this purpose, while others use their barn cellars or the
basement of some outbuilding. One of the largest of these
storage cellars is about 60x40 feet, and 10 feet high, built
in a side hill, with doors and shutters in the south side and
a hen house in the roof over it ; this cellar gives room for
perhaps 1500 bbls. of cabbage, beside having one end par-
titioned off for storing 300 or 400 bbls. of onions. The
cabbages are cut up about half way of the stump, the loose
leaves trimmed off and the heads packed away in racks
that are built from the floor to the top of the cellar ; these
racks are so arranged as to allow a passage every six feet
or so, and the heads are laid in only one deep so as to allow
a thorough circulation of air and frequent inspection. In
such a cellar the cabbage can be taken out very con-
veniently at any time that the price is good enough to suit
the owner, and if the temperature has been .properly at-
tended to will be fresh and crisp and bring the best price
in the market.

Another way of storing is to cut them up about half-way
of the stump if well headed, but if loose pulling roots and
all, and set them heads up on grass ground and cover with
pine shiver, oak leaves or meadow hay, but it requires
much more hay than leaves to keep out the frost. And
still another way of bedding is practised by some of the
gardeners near Boston as well as by some seed growers,

127

who pack them away in a broad shallow pit, cover with
hay or straw and then with dirt, and I have seen beds cov-
ered first with dirt and then with seaweed. The object
being in all these different ways to so cover them as to keep
them warm enough not to freeze much, a little freezing does
not harm, and keep them cool enough not to heat and decay.
This all seems simple enough, but when put in practice it
is often found quite difficult to make a perfect success of it.
Cabbage should be bedded in some well-drained spot, for
wet ground or standing water will draw frost, so it is nec-
essary to have the rain find a quick passage from the bed
or frost will often follow it down and hurt or spoil the cab-
bage. I have tried to make plain the different methods of
keeping the crop, and now as to the objects of keeping it,
which are two, one to save valuable time at harvest and the
other to gain money in selling.

Although there is sometimes a year when the price rises
but little on account of an extra large crop somewhere, or
for some such good reason, yet the price is generally much
higher in winter or spring than when harvested, as was the
case last year when the price rose from 50 cts. a barrel in
Nov. to $2.50 and $3.00 in April and first week in May, and
in Boston somewhat higher, although those who sold in
January or February received only from 75 cts. to $1.25.
To know just how to keep the crop and just when to sell it
requires experience and a close watching of both the mar-
ket and the supply, but the reward when you get it is suffi-
cient to pay well for the work and expense incurred.

We often hear of a crop of 400 bbls. per acre, but 300
bbls. is a good crop, and perhaps 200 or 250 would be
nearer the average. One man near Lowell told me last
winter that he had grown 1000 bbls. on 3 acres, and was
just beginning to sell them at $ 2.00 per bbl., and he really
seemed quite happy about it.

Another man near Boston had the crop from six or seven
acres bedded in and started them to market when the price
reached $2.50 per bbl. ; he was doubtless happy, too, but I
know a man who bedded a hundred barrels or so, covered

128

with hay a little too lightly, and nearly lost the whole by
too much freezing, and another who stored a large cellar
full, kept them a little too warm and shrunk them badly ;
they were sad. The cabbage grown around Lowell and
Lawrence is partly sold in the cities named, but the bulk of
the crop is shipped to Boston or further, and some days as
many as ten carloads will be sent in from that vicinity.

Cabbage shades the ground so closely as to kill out such
troublesome weeds as " pussly " and witch-grass quite
easily. It would seem as though every one ought to know
by this time that cabbage will not follow cabbage or turnips
on the same ground without an interval of three years or
more, on account of that once mysterious disease, the stump-
foot, but every year someone gets caught and loses his crop
because he does not know this, or because he does not be-
lieve what others tell him, or perhaps he knows more than
any man can tell him.

I will give you the accDimt of my premium crop of cab-
bage grown the past season. Of course it is the record of
the best piece, but the rest did nearly as well. The soil is a
deep, dark, mellow loam, somewhat stony, and located on a
high hill naturally pretty well drained; for the three years
previous it was cropped with beans and Hungarian, having
but a slight application of phosphate. The land was in
pasture at the time I bought it some four years ago, and
has had no manure for at least ten years. It was plowed
and harrowed June 4th, spreading twenty loads of barn
manure on the piece before plowing, and applying 1200
lbs. of ground steamed bone before harrowing, and using
950 lbs. of Tucker's Bay State Phosphate in the hill, mix-
ing it well with the soil before dropping the seed, which I
prefer to plant where it is to grow rather than to do much
transplanting.

The seed w;?>s planted in the hill, June 8 and 9, and the
crop was cultivated and hoed three times; one hundred
days from seed I could cut plenty of 8 and 10 lb. heads,
the largest and best cabbage being found where there was
the heaviest application of phosphate. The land measured

I29

24,946 sq. ft., being 8166 feet more than a half acre. Cut
and sold 108 bbls. in Lawrence and Methuen, 3 and 2 miles
•distant, and put away 1886 fine heads for seed purposes.
Here is the account as taken from my crop book :

Dr.
5 cords manure at $8.00 per cord applied, $40 00
1200 lbs. bone, bought and hired it ground, 12 00
950 lbs. Bay State phosphate, 18 05

Plowing and harrowing, 3 00

Planting, 4 12

Seed, 2 00

Cultivation, 15 00

•Cutting and marketing at 20 cts. a bbl., 21 60

Total cost, -$115 77

Or.

108 bbls. sold, $92 05

Fodder sold and used, 6 00

250 plants sold, 75

1886 heads stored, worth 5 cts. each in field, 94 30

Total receipts, $193 10

Profit about 40 per cent., $77 38

Receipts per acre, $338 08

Cost per acre, 202 70

Profit per acre, 135 38

Amount of crop about 400 bbls. per acre, and estimated
weight of crop 32| tons per acre. You will notice that I
charge the whole amount of fertilizers to the one crop and
also make a liberal allowance for harvesting and market-
ing, believing that it is just as well to figure that I get fair
pay for fertilizers and labor as to make out a tremendous
profit and leave the impression that I do the work for noth-
ing. Interest and taxes I have omitted for the land is
certainly benefitted to that small amount.

The onion crop is another of our standard money crops,
there being as many as 175 acres grown in Danvers alone,

130

while in the little town of Revere, only three miles from
Boston, there were 40,000 bushels grown in 1886. The
gardeners in Revere have somewhat the advantage of us in
having a large supply of manure very handy and at a very
low price ; they will not pay anything for cow manure, and
some will not take it away, as they say they can get very
much better crops from horse manure, which starts the
crops quicker, drives them faster and matures them earlier,
while it is much easier to handle and team: they use very
little commercial fertilizers as they can see no money in it;
it does not seem to affect the crop at all, and why should
it? If we country farmers could plow in 15 or 20 cords of
manure twice a year, we wouldn't pay much for fertilizers 1
think, and we would be just as good farmers as anybody.
It is the amount of manure used, and not the number of
acres cultivated that makes the prosperous farmer. The
secret of success in farming or gardening is found in the
size of the manure pile rather than in the large extent of
the farm or garden.

It is not the strength of the soil that gives the gardens of
Arlington their fame, for much of their land is but a sandy
plain that we should think only fit to grow white beans, or
at best small corn, but it is horse manure and water that
gives them their immense crops ; they use 20 to 30 cords
to the acre, and perhaps more, and turn on the hose when-
ever it is needed, and it is no wonder that things grow, but
give us manure as plenty and water as free and we could
beat them out and out with our strong soils, and our land
would be growing better every year, while theirs would
soon run out if left alone.

But to come back to onions again. 1 sowed three-fourths
of an acre in 188G on deep, black, heavy soil, somewhat
stony, that had been cultivated for five or six years, but
only a small portion of the piece had ever grown onions.
I was somewhat doubtful of getting a full crop the first year
on the land, as I heard so many say that " it took a number
of years to get an onion bed started so as to do well,'* and
the longer you sowed the same bed the better the results

i3i

would be, but I find that many an old theory goes to pieces
when put to the test, and it was so in this case, but 1 will
give my experience in detail.

Eight cords of good manure from a city stable was spread
on the ground and plowed in April 20 and 21 ; the next
day it was harrowed with the Acme, and dragged with the
old smoothing drag, then harrowed again and hand raked
with iron rakes, the small stones and rubbish being carted
away. Seven barrels of home-made phosphate, mostly bone
and ashes, was applied just before harrowing. The raking
took thirteen days' work. 3i lbs. of Danvers Yellow Globe
seed of my own growing was sown April 23 and 24 with
the old-style Danvers seed-sower, a wooden machine that
was invented about 1803, and for accurate sowing of small
seed it has never been equalled or beaten, and I doubt if it
ever will be. The rows were 14 inches apart. Onions
were up so as to be seen across the piece May 8, fourteen
days alter sowing, and May 14 I began hoeing them with a
Gregory finger wceder which 1 used until they were six
inches high, when 1 found the Arlington slide hoe much
better adapted to the work for the rest of the season. We
finished first weeding June 1; second, June 21; third, July
12; fourth, July 30, and then went over the bed once in Au_
gust, as much for the looks as anything, though it saved
many weeds going to seed. Began raking out the onions
Sept. 14, and in a few days they were dried and undercover
and were soon sold. Most of the topping was done in rough
weather and at odd times. Now for the figures, and it is
not guess-work, for they arc taken from the account kept
through the season, and though I cannot figure the cost as
small as some who win premiums, yet my statement may
be just as correct .
The crop is charged with

Manure, 8 cords at #8.00, *G4 00

Phosphate, 17 50

Flowing, harrowing and dragging, 5 00

Raking, 13 days at #1.50, 1(.» 50

Horse, 1 day, 1 25

132

Seed. :\\ lbs. at $2 50, 8 13

Sowing, 7 hours at 20 cts., 1 40

Hoeing, at -0 cts. per hour, 8 00

1st weeding, at $1.25 per day, 11 50

2d weeding, 10 00

3d weeding, 8 00

4th weeding, 10 00

5tl) weeding, 7 50

Interest and taxes, 15 00

Harvesting and marketing at 12cts. per bu., 71 82

$448.87

190 27

$598 49

344 80

253.69

Total cost, -1258 60

Or.

598i bushels onions at 75 cts.,

Leaving profit,

Receipts per acre,

Expense " "

Profit " " 42 per cent.,

Yield per acre 800 bushels.

Included in the above were 17 bushels of Early Red
Globes from 2 ounces of seed, many of which were perfect-
ly sound when taken out of the cellar, May 10.

The whole crop was very free from scullions, and as a
Danvers man said when looking at them after they were in
the shed, " They were as good looking a lot of onions as
anybody need to see." Remember, these were grown on
land that never grew an onion before. The year's experi-
ence, as given above, taught me a good many things by
which I have profited in the year past. One thing that I
learned was to get the manure all into the ground in the
fall instead of having to cart and spread it in the spring
when we ought to be harrowing and seeding, for every day
then counts on the growth of the crop, while time is less
valuable in the fall, and the manure gets better mixed with
the soil and is better assimilated by the time the crop
needs it. It is therefore much more available for plan!
food than when applied at time of sowing. I also plowed

my beds the fall before, turning the manure in about four
inches and so leaving them ready to smooth down and sow
the first day the ground was ready in the spring, and
though the season was eleven days behind at the time of
sowing yet I put in the first seed on the same day as the
year before, and by so doing saved most of that eleven days
on the growth of the crop which resulted in my getting a
paying, though not a highly profitable crop, instead of little
or none had 1 been ten days later getting the seed sowed.
I raised three, acres of onions the past season, getting a
crop of some 1000 to 1100 bushels in all, and proving quite
profitable.

I will give the report for the best half acre, it being a
part of the same piece of land that made up the three-
quarters of an acre sowed the year before. Twenty
spreader loads of composted horse manure, muck and
nightsoil were spread on Nov. 8, 1886 and plowed in three
days later to the depth of five inches, using a Syracuse
chilled swivel plow, which is the neatest general purpose
plow, 1 know of. April 22, a dressing of ground bono and
unleached ashes was applied and worked in with a common
steel share harrow, and finally smoothed off with the
Meeker which left it in fine shape for sowing. Tlie cost of
smoothing this piece with the Meeker was but o0 cents,
while it cost me $13 to hand rake the same piece the year
before, and the Meeker leaves the best seed bed ; this little
item, together with the fact that the Meeker saved over $50
in smoothing down the three acres, will give an idea of the
value of good, machinery and tools on the farm. 1 will say
right here, that the Meeker should be run over the beds
both ways, and the last time should be at right angles to,
or across the way that the rows are to run so that the
slight mark left by it may not interfere with the track of
the seed sower and cause crooked rows. It is much easier
to run the sower across the track of any harrow, than to
run with it, and this is as true in planting corn as in sow-
ing onions. The sowing was done April 25 and 28, using
five and a half pounds of seed per acre, about a pound too

134

much I think, for general use. The crop was hoed three
times with the Arlington slide hoe which I have concluded
is the best for my kind of land, for it will do the finest
work on land a little rough and stony of any hoe I have
used, and on smooth, easy land it must do it to perfection,
leaving very little for the hands to do except to pull the
weeds between the plants ; it pays to go slow with the
slide hoe and run as close to the rows as possible, for one
hour's work with the hoe will save more than two hours'
hand weeding, and every hour's work saved, is money in
the farmer's pocket. Keep the hoes going, start them be-
fore the weeds show and keep the soil stirring. The
Arlington hoe is made by a blacksmith in Arlington and is
a good serviceable tool, much better than the imitations in
the market without his name on them. The fourth hoeing
was done with a common scuffle hoe cut down to about 7
inches, as I found that the latter worked best of any, where
the weeds were somewhat large, as I am sorry to say they
were on this piece at the last weeding.

Finished first weeding May 31; second June 27 and third
July 15 after which no more was necessary. The crop
grew vigorously until the hot, sticky, moist weather, the
last of July when they began to fall and were ready to rake
out Aug. 25. After lying on the ground till Sept. 20, they
were picked up into crate? and allowed to stand out doors
covered up with a waterproof cloth until Nov. 1, when they
were taken in and weighed, there being 266 bushels on the
half acre, all marketable onions, though not as large as
those grown on the same ground the year before when the
same half acre yielded 400 bushels. There were no scul-
lions among them and a bushel of scullions could not be
found on the whole three acres. The crop was not effected
by maggots, smut or lice, but the blight seems to have
spared no particular locality in its coming and my crop

Note. — I bave also used the wheel hoes made by E.L. Blake & Co., Peabody,
and find tbem very useful after the onions are up five or six inches, ami think
they will do more work in a day than any other I hive used; one point in their
favor is that they are honestly and thoroughly made, which is more than we can
say of many of our farming tools

135

was smaller on account of it, though but htly hurt aslig
compared with the crop in the older onion sections of our
county. I believe the cause of the blight to have been the
exceedingly hot, and very wet weather of the month of
July. Here is the account kept in the crop book with this
half acre.

Dr.
Plowing,
Harrowing,

Smoothing with Meeker,
5 cords manure at $8,
800 pounds ground bone,
20 bushels leached ashes,
Applying bone and ashes,
Seed, 2f pounds at $3,
Sowing at 20 cts. per hour,
Hoeing, four times at 20 cts. per hour,
Weeding three times at 7| cts. to 15 cts. per hour,
Raking out.

Topping at 5 cts. per bushel,
Marketing at 7 cts. per bushel,

Total cost, 8136 43

Or.
260 bushels, worth 00 cts. Oct. 1, 1239 40

Leaving profit, 102 97

Product per acre, 534 bushels worth, 478 80

Expenses per acre, 272 86

Profit per acre, 42 2-3 per cent, 205 94

You will notice that 1 have charged 20 cts. per hour for
my own time in sowiug and hoeing, as I think I ought to
be worth at least as much at my business as a common
carpenter or stone layer ; the weeding is charged at just
what was paid for it. Interest and taxes might change
the above account about $10, but I think the improvement
of the land will cover that. This half acre shows that the
onion crop can still be called profitable in some places even
in a very bad season.

$ 1

9.64

136

My method of curing and storing the onion crop is some-
what different from any other that J have noticed. After
raking out I allow them to dry a few days, just enough to
get the outside moisture off from them, and then pick them
uj) into crates, which I make about the size of a bushel box
only somewhat deeper and slat two sides in place of mak-
ing them solid all round. These crates when filled are
piled up perhaps six high and two wide and as long a row
as necessary, and are then covered with a strip of water-
proof cloth, which 1 buy for this purpose in strips 5 ft. wide
and 50 feet long, and are then allowed to stand out doors
till November, perhaps six weeks after raking out. The
sun shines on them and the drying autumn winds blow
through and ripen them perfectly, so that they will keep
through the winter without sprouting or rotting.

In topping onions I find it most convenient to have a low
table, perhaps 4 feet by 6 feet and set up on boxes or bar-
rels to a handy height to sit up to : such a table will hold
four to five bushels and it is very convenient topping, being
much handier than topping from the floor which is so com-
mon a custom.

The crates that I have, cost about 7 cents each besides the
work, would cost perhaps 12 cents to buy all made ; they
will last for years and will almost or quite pay for them-
selves the first year in the saving of labor in handling the
crop as well as in the improvement in quality. I have
about 700 of them and should not know how to get along
without them.

NOTE — Of Crops of David Warren that could not be completed on
Pages 108 and 111, the information not being received soon enough.

SQUASH CROP.

Product per acre, 27,685 lbs. squashes, $276.85

Expenses per acre, 57.50

Profit per acre, si'19.35

CABBAGE CHOP.

Product per acre, 5000 cabbages, valued in the field o cents
each, although of much more value to him for seed
stock, which he retains them for, than the market value, $153.00

Expenses per acre, 60 SO

Prolit, $89.20

*37
REPORT ON NEW MEMBERS.

The largest number of new members added to the So-
ciety's list in 1888, up to November 1st, was by Edwin
Bates of Lynn, who is awarded the premium of six dollars
for adding thirty-eight new members.

The total number of new members to January 1, 1889,
including those who became members by reason of re-
ceiving awards of seven dollars or upwards, from the So-
ciety in 1888, three dollars of it, under the rules, making
each a member if not one previous, were sixty-seven in
number, from the following named places:

Amesbury,
Beverly,
Bradford,
Danvers,

Georgetown,

1
2
1
3
2

Marblehead,

Peabody,

Rowley,

Salem,

West Newbury,

1
9
1
3
3

Jpswicli,

Lawrence,

Lynn,

Total,

It will be seen by the list of members published this
year, that there ought to be missionary work done in
several places, even without the stimulus of a premium
for the largest number of new members obtained, but
rather that the next published list will not be so meagre
in number under the name of some towns and cities, as
to make its members ashamed of it, or others for them.
Respectfully submitted,

David W. Low, Secretary,

Committee.

TREADWELL FARM REPORT.

The Committee on the Treadwell Farm submit the fol-
lowing Report :

In the report of last year the new shingling of the two
barns and shed was mentioned as having been commenced.

i3§

This lias been duly finished, and also the cellar wall of
the sheep barn rebuilt. The chimney of the house was
found to be in a shaky and unsafe condition and has been
rebuilt from the chamber floor up. Two new pumps have
been furnished, and other necessary repairs made, which,
in the aggregate, have drawn heavily upon the income of
the farm to the society. But little repairing has been
done for many years previous, so that necessity required
these thorough and permanent repairs at this time. The
buildings are now in good condition.

The committee have respected and cared for the many
ornamental trees that the late Dr. Treadwell delighted to
plant, and that have greatly beautified the farm ; but a
portion of them were in a decaying condition, and such
have been cut and sold either for wood or timber, without
seriously marring the beauty of the landscape, which the
committee are anxious to preserve. The proceeds helped
to their extent to lessen the expense of the repairs on
the buildings.

The farm was leased last April 1st, to Mr. J. Plummer,
Jr., on satisfactory terms, provided the conditions were
faithfully complied with, but which the committee regret
have not been as yet. One of which was the conduct of
certain prescribed experiments, but his statement of them
and of the crops grown upon the farm this season are so
unsatisfactory, that it is deemed unadvisable to insert
them here.

For the committee,

Benjamin P. Ware.

FARMERS INSTITUTES.

The Society held eight Institutes during the season of
1887-88. The fifth one at Amesbury, was with the Ames-
bury and Salisbury Agricultural Society, and the eighth
one was a Field Institute, for exhibition and trial of Im-
plements used for Cultivation of Crops. All of them

139

were good, and every season shows how well they are
appreciated, by the increased interest and attendance at
them, where the practical knowledge, by personal ex-
perience, of those who take part in them are of great
value to others.

The 53d Institute was held Dec. 13, 1887, at the Town
Hall, Bradford, to listen to a carefully prepared and in-
structive paper, by T. C. Thurlow of West Newbury, upon
"Insects Injurious to Vegetation, especially to Farm
Crops." Insects, he said, increase as civilization advan-
ces. In Missouri, a quarter of a century ago, not a wormy
apple was seen ; now they are more wormy than here.
In Northern Illinois the codling moth is almost beyond
control. In California insect pests are numerous, where
they were unknown a few years ago. He uses, with
good effect in destroying the tent caterpillar, the old
fashioned way of a conical brush on a pole, just after
hatching, early in the morning or when rainy. His result
was a good crop of apples last year. The green aphis is
destroyed by sponging or dipping the ends where thev
congregate in strong soap suds. Horse manure which
has been used for mulching during the winter, when raked
off in the spring, creates a smell that attracts the June
Bug Beetles, who filled his heap with countless small
grubs which he took to his poultry to dispose of. Birds,
he said, are the natural enemies of the insect pests, and
are fast disappearing, and in losing the robin, bobolink,
thrush, and others of our common, native birds we are
losing some of the greatest attractions, as well as benefits
to rural life. We need a national law to protect our na-
tive birds, for no state laws can efficiently do the work
for saving migratory birds.

President Ware destroys canker worms and codling
moths witli Paris Green and explained his method. Hon.
Joseph How of Methuen, spoke of his experiences ill
contending with the enemies of the apple.

Before the afternoon meeting a visit was made by some
to the stock* farm of Col. Harry H. Hale, where some

140

seventy horses were seen, from the light trotter to the
heavy Percheron, showing some fine stock.

The subject of afternoon discussion was the injury done
to farm crops by insects.

Aaron Low of Essex, thought ashes as good as any-
thing to check the ravages of the onion magrerot. The
squash maggot may be escaped by late planting. A solu-
tion of Paris Green is the best remedy for all squash vine
enemies. The best remedy for cabbage worms is to grow
the cabbages so rapidly that they cannot get into the
head, a solid head being worm proof.

Mr. Hills, of Plaistow, N. H., said the cabbage flea is
got rid of by plaster or ashes. No plum is proof against
curculio. The "Arctic" does not drop so readily after
being bit, as others.

Dr. Win. Cogswell and others made brief remarks on
the subject.

The 54th Institute was held in the Town Hall, Tops-
field, January 5, 1888. The subject for the day was the
question, "Is Free Trade or Protection the best for Far-
mers," which was opened by a long and exhaustive paper
on the subject, by Benjamin P. Ware of Marblehead, in
which he made many strong points in favor of the benefits
of Protection. He urged that a home market for asrri-
cultural and manufactured products was the best market.
The consumption is in proportion to the ability of the
consumer to purchase. The price of all products are
governed by the law of supply and demand. That nation
whose legislature best protects the labor element, is the
best governed country. History proves that a protective
tariff best secures the preceding conditions. A protec-
tive tariff is not a tax upon the consumer of any product
that his country can produce. He quoted from statistics
to show the advantages of high over low tariff as judged
by the periods of low tariff between 1850 and I860, and of
high tariff between I860 and 1870. He spoke of the im-
portation of eggs, free of duty, 14,465,764 dozen in 1886.
He believed the hen should be protected. He urged the

141

taking oft' of the duty on sugar to reduce the revenue, and
payment of bounty to Americans Planters, and removing
the tax on tobacco, and increasing the tariff on imported
agricultural products to stimulate increased production in
this country, thus employing more home labor, without
increased cost to the consumer.

Sidney C. Bancroft declared that he was not for free
trade but tariff reform, a tariff for revenue only. He
desired all raw material admitted free, and took issue
with Mr. Ware that " free trade " and " tariff reform "
were synonymous terms. He also took issue with other
points of Mr. Ware's address.

A motion, by Rev. O. S. Butler of Georgetown, limit-
ing the time of each speaker to fifteen minutes, was car-
ried.

Rev. C. W. Luck of Topsfleld, was in favor of free
trade. Considered it a sign of weakness that Americans
were not willing to enter into competition with our Eng-
lish brethren. If it was to continue, the best protection
would be to build a Chinese wall around the United
States and keep all foreigners out. He opposed freeino-
tobacco, and asserted there was as much poverty and des-
titution, in proportion, in New York as in London.

George W. Russell of West Newbury, made remarks
that showed that he had given the tariff question, as to
effects upon the laboring man, much thought. He uro-ed
that all our happiness and success depended upon the
treatment of labor. He should be surprised if anyone
present and looking at such a gathering of Essex County
farmers, after looking at a similar gathering of English
farmers, could vote for free trade. He showed that it was
home competition that lowered the price of our products.
The duty on any article had nothing to do with it. The
tariff was not a tax. The imports last year were
$200,000,000 and the exports $240,000,000.

.lames .1. II. Gregory of Marblehead, was surprised, he
said, that the advocates of free trade or tariff reform had
given them no answering arguments, nothing but irony

142

and sarcasm in answer to the solid arguments and very
valuable information of the other side. They had none
that were real. He supported Mr. Ware in many of his
points.

J). W. Low of Gloucester, gave a few facts, showing
the difference that the times of protection and the times
of reciprocity, or free trade, has had on the fishing inter-
ests uf the county, which largely interest the farmers, as
they are large consumers of their products. He showed
that with free trade the American fishing fleet decreased
and the foreign fleet increased, and with protection the
opposite was the case.

Charles W. Mann, one of the speakers of the day, in-
troduced the following resolutions, which were adopted:

Resolved, That we favor the removal of the tariff upon sugar and
favor a bounty to Southern Planters, to cover their loss.

Resolved, That we consider it advisable that a tariff of 40 per cent,
be laid upon all vegetables possible of production in this country,
and on poultry, eggs.and bed feathers.

The 55th Institute was held at Memorial Hall, Methuen,
Jan. 24th, 1888, to consider, in the forenoon, " The Im-
provement of Waste Land." Opened by James C. Poor,
of Morth Andover, manager of the Stock Farm of Hon.
Wm. A. Russell, who said the term " Reclaiming of
Waste Lands," may be applied to the bringing back to
fertility of a worn out field, pasture, or land overgrown
with bushes or brush, so that cultivated crops may be
raised thereon, or more commonly applied to the clearing
and draining of meadows and swamps to make them pro-
duce two heavy crops of English hay yearly ; that land
where alders grow abundantly will make splendid grass
land and will pay a man to hire money to reclaim it and
let his rocky fields go to pasture.

Fields from which certain kinds of crops have been
taken yearly, are said to be worn out, and they are, for
that kind of crop, but not for others. The farmer should
find out what can be grown, and what fertilizer is needed.
This he can do by sending a sample of his soil to the
Massachusetts Agricultural College, for analysis, or by

143

experimenting with fertilizers and crops. He advocated
the ploughing in of green crops for manure, in renovating
land. One of the best is rye, as it grows fast. Red
clover is perhaps the best, and turnips are good. Herds
grass on reclaimed swamp land should not be cut below
the first joint, if so, it will die. He thought the best land
in Essex County and in the State was in the swamps,
bogs, and marshes, which are full of decayed vegetable
matter. Mr. Poor gave his experience in reclaiming
twenty-five acres of swamp, underdrained with eight
miles of stone and tiles, now yielding two crops of hay
of two tons to the acre.

S. H. Boutvvell of Andover, gave his experience in re-
claiming six or eight acres of stony pasture land. Such
work done at odd times pays : it would not pay to hire
money to do it.

Hon. Warren Brown of Hampton Falls, N. H., believed
in keeping sheep to eat down small bushes, and that dy-
namite was safer and better than powder for clearing
land of stumps and rocks. His experience in that line
was interesting.

W. H. Clark of Methuen, stated that he run in debt
for a forty acre farm ; now owns it all. Mostly reclaimed
land. Says sand or coal ash put on swamp land makes
all crops stand up.

John H. George for #30 cleared a quarter acre of oak
stumps with dynamite. C. W. Mann of Methuen and
Sheriff Herrickall had had experience in improving waste
land, and spoke on the subject.

In the afternoon, George M. Whittaker, of the New
England Farmer, spoke on "Little Neglects,'' an address
full of good advice, contrasting the well kept farm house
and farm and its influence upon the town and county,
with the loosely kept one, in such a vivid and truthful
manner that the contrasts came home to every mind. He
spoke of a Stockbridge man that main' years ago, set out
four elms in front of his house, in less than a day's work,
which added #1000 to the value of his farm when he sold

144

it. Little neglects impair the looks and value of any-
place, more especially the farm.

President Ware endorsed Mr. Whittaker, and said he
knew manufacturers who had been doing a losing- busi-
ness, had, by utilizing what had been waste products
before, made it a profitable business.

Hon. Joseph How of Methuen, urged those present to
take the lesson of Mr. Whittaker home and profit by it.

Hon. Warren Brown spoke, as he usually does, in a
humorous vein, but with good, sound sense mixed with
it. He believed in destroying any old rubbish, and never
regretted it. He used a boiler on his place, and all the
rubbish, including the hired men's old clothes, boots, and
such things, left lying around, found their way into it.
Burdocks should be cut down and then killed by kerosene
oil poured on them. It should be the duty of road sur-
veyors to mow the roadsides.

James P. King and President Ware thought front fen-
ces should be done away with, and advocated the setting
out of shade trees.

Messrs. O. L. Carlton of Danvers, Frank Marsh of Pea-
body, Mr. Case of North Reading, and others took part
in the discussion.

The 56th Institute was held at the Town Hall, Pea-
body, February 14th, 1888, and was opened by Charles
W. Mann of Methuen, on " Cabbage, Onion and Potato
Crops," who said the secret of success for all crops of the
farm and garden is more in the size of the manure pile
than in the size of the field. Manure should be got into
the ground in the fall, not in the spring, as it mixes bet-
ter with the soil, and time is not so valuable. Keep the
soil stirring by keeping the hoes going. Mr. Mann related
his, experiences with his crops, and said he had a book
account with every crop.

Mr. J. J. H. Gregory of Marblehead, «said there could
be no accurate farming without farm accounts. Fruits
and cabbages do better where they originate than else-
where. Used ashes on cabbage land year after year,

without trouble from stump foot. Fish manure is good
for cabbage land.

Mr. Tapley of Revere, planted a piece of land twice
with beets and once with parsnips, last yea,r. None came
up. Turned over the soil and planted spinnage, and had
100 bushels on 1200 sq. ft. of land.

S. S. Pratt, James P. King, Aaron Low, T. C. Thur-
low were among others who spoke on the subject.

In the afternoon, G. A. Tapley of Revere, spoke on
"Fruit Culture.'* He said that pears need strong, rich,
clayey soil or clay sub-soil to do best. He scatters three
■quarts of coarse, ground bone around the roots in setting
out, and sets them three inches below surface, not over
six inches in setting dwarfs on clay soil. Standards on
gravelly soil must be set deeper. In setting on high land
put wheelbarrow of clay under them ; on clay land, loam.
Sets Bartletts, Beurre Bosc, and Anjou's for money. If
trees grow fast you cannot prune too much. Grafting
can be done warm days in February, from then to time of
blossoming. Would pick off half the fruit on tree ; one
good pear is worth four poor ones. Bartletts pick six or
eight days before ripe. He commenced 2d of August,
poorest fruit ; next picking, picked half off. Don't prop a
tree ; pick the fruit off. Sorting important ; putting poor
with good makes all poor ; difference of 75 cts. to $1.00
per bushel between first and second quality Duchess.
Totofsky is the earliest apple he raises. Sold at $2 per
bushel, from the tree, the past year. To keep apples in
storage the temperature should be kept between freezing
point and forty degrees, with occasional change of air.

T. C. Thurlow of West Newbury, didn't agree with
Mr. Tapley about the Totofsky apple. He thought the
Gravenstein the best apple for the market. Fruits
brought here from a distance do not do as well as those
originating here, such as the Baldwin and Hubbardston.
Tol man's and Jacob's Sweet apples he considered the best
for winter. He believed that hogs were of great value in
an orchard, as also in the barn cellar, and more should be

146

kept. Hens are good. An apple orchard should be
ploughed until it bears, and even after, unless sheep or
hogs are kept. Potash and phosphate are needed for fer-
tilizers.

Thadeus Hale of Rowley, said that strawberry beds
will stand all the manure that can be put on them. The
more the better.

J. S. Needham of West Peabody, spoke of the Hurlburt
being a fine eating, but poor cooking apple. Will bear
four or five years before the Baldwin.

James P. King of Peabody, believed that mulching
peach trees would be a preventive from freezing.

Joseph How of Methuen, and one or two other speak-
ers followed.

All the speakers agreed that the peach crop was a very
uncertain one, but occasionally paid well. Potash
recommended for the yellows.

The 57th Institute was held with the Amesbury and
Salisbury Agricultural Society, at the new Opera House,
Amesbury, Feb. 24th, 1888, where the "Care and Treat-
ment of the Horse " was considered.

David Stiles of Middleton, who for over a half century
has owned and shod them, opened the meeting. In re-
gard to feeding horses, the amount of grain fed should
vary with the size and condition of the horse, and never
be over eight quarts of meal a day. Horse shoeing he
considered a necessary evil, and improperly done a fruit-
ful source of lameness and disease to the animal. Heavy
shoes are a very common source of injury ; the size and
shape of the hoof should govern the size and shape of the
shoe. To illustrate, the amount of weight a horse car-
ries, wearing a two pound shoe on each foot, and taking
a step every second, would, in an hour, lift 28,800 pounds.
Many horses are required to do a great deal more than
this. A horse's hoofs should be kept clean, and a better
knowledge of its anatom}r is needed. As a general rule,
in giving medicine, a horse requires five times as much as
would be a dose for a man.

B. P. Ware stated that he had never known a tlatfooted
horse suffer from contraction of hoof.

Albert Kimball of Bradford, would rather have his
horses go bare than to touch their hoofs with hot iron.
He believed in washing a horse's hoofs, and further that
the vernicular disease and contraction could be cured,
disagreeing with Mr. Stiles on those points.

James P. King of Peabody, broke a horse from running
away by letting the animal run up hill and making him
run until he was glad to stop from exhaustion. He cured
a horse of colic by giving him two heaping spoonfuls of
black pepper in warm water.

J. E. Page, foreman of Dr. Loring's farm, Salem, where
some seventy horses are wintered, gave some experiences.
The shoes are taken off their feet and they are allowed to
run barefooted two to three hours every day all winter.
They are given cut feed, ten or twelve pounds of hay
with four quart mixture of grain and oats.

Quite a discussion was raised as to the best remedy for
curing horses of worms. Among the medicines named
were white mustard seed, wood ashes (two quarts mixed
with feed for a dose), savin berries, dogwood bark (three
or four ounces for a dose), cayenne pepper and sulpher.
Garget and salt petre often used for cows, are death to
horses.

The address for the afternoon, on " The Progress of
Agriculture," by Edmund Hersey of Hingham, owing to
the failure of his appearance, was given by President
Ware, in an extemporaneous speech, in which he said that
agriculture had its ups and downs, but history showed a
successful nation to be one whose agriculture is prosper-
ous, and where it is a failure that country is on the de-
cline. In corn culture the Pilgrims took lessons from the
Indian, scratching places in the rough ground to drop the
seed, putting a fish in each, for a fertilizer, Next, a high
hill was thought necessary for its successful cultivation,
and now level cultivation is deemed best. The hard work
formerly done with scythe and hoe is now done by ma-

148

chines, drawn by horses. The premium crops of this so-
ciety, in earlier times as large as we get now, was because
of virgin soil, but with harder work. We are obliged to
make up this loss of fertility. A few generations from
the carl)' settlers farmers were obliged to keep animals to
fertilize their soil ; to-da}% the farmer is obliged to use
commercial fertilizers.

He then spoke of the progress in crops. Within his
remembrance nearly all that was raised was hay, long
red potatoes, a little barley, and a few cabbages, while
nearly all of the standard vegetables of to-day originated,
or were developed in Essex County. The ideas of some
of the best implements started in this County.

A long discussion followed, some agreeing that agricul-
ture was progressive, and others taking the opposite view.
E. S. Nason of West Newbury, claimed that a young man
could not run in debt for a farm, pay interest and taxes,
keep the buildings in repair, and pay the mortgage, as
well to-day as twenty-five years ago.

A. H. Coombs of Amesbury, agreed with Mr. Nason,
but said that the reason he could not succeed as well to-
day on a farm, was, because he wanted the best of every-
thing there is going.

Warren Brown of Hampton Falls, referring to Mr.
Ware's statement that with the improved machinery of
to-day, one man can do what it formerly took ten to do,
said there were a hundred ways to spend money now
where there were ten formerly.

James P. King and John Q. Evans of Salisbury, and
others, followed.

The 58th Institute was held March 13, 1888, at the
Town Hall, Beverly. The subject of "Milk Production"
was to be opened in the forenoon by John Q. Evans of
Salisbury, but the violent storm kept him away as well as
Edmund Hersey of Hingham, who was to open the after-
noon discussion on " Fertilizers." The forenoon was
profitably spent in listening to Mr. Gregory and others on
milk production. Mr. Gregory urged the necessity of

149

giving attention to the quality of the feed for obtaining
good milk. The nearer to English hay the better results.
K}Te hay cut early had been fed, with good success. He
claimed that the Sawyer bean of Japanese origin is the
richest feed. The beans pod out on the stock with beans
round like peas, and will grow twenty bushels to the
acre — with early and late varieties. They can be pulled
before they are ripe and make excellent fodder for cows.
Apple pummace he believed to be better than beets and
mangolds, and had fed Hubbard squashes with good
results. Corn ensilage cut in milk is economical feed for
new milch cows. Ensilage takes the place of roots which
have almost had their day for feeding. Cotton-seed meal
he pronounced the cheapest food but it should be reduced
with bran or a little common meal. In feeding cows it is
a general rule that one-fifth of its value returns in the
manure. A warm barn will pay its cost in increased pro-
duction of milk. Green corn ensilage with one-third hay
is as good as all hay.

President Ware said that Mr. Thompson of Southboro,
had fed his stock on nothing but apple pummace and
grain with apparently good results. Considerable discus-
sion followed with the weight of evidence being that
shorts alone as feed had no merit, but mixed with other
feed they improved their value.

The afternoon discussion on " Fertilizers " was also
opened by Mr. Gregory, who with other speakers all
agreed that the best results follow their use in connection
with other manures. He said potatoes should be planted
deep as the roots need moisture. The largest growth of
corn he ever raised was by plowing rye into the ground.
Farmers could buy fertilizers at a saving of about $"> per
ton, by a number of them buying a car-load. \n answer
to question, he said he believed liquid manure as valuable
as solid.

James P. King spoke of the value of night soil for
manure, should mix with compost, one cord of night soil
to two of compost, for onions, at a cost to him of about

i5o

$3 per cord, and do its work as well as stable manure that
would cost him $7 per cord. He thought night soil could
be used five years continuously on land without detriment,
and the continual use of fertilizers on land would not be
detrimental. Other speakers gave their experiences with
fertilizers.

The 59th Institute, " Ladies' Day," was held at Plum-
mer Hall, Salem, on March 29th, 1888, with " The Ameri-
can Farmer, his Blessings and Privileges " for the opening
subject for forenoon by Mrs. Martha DeM. Gage of
Bradford, followed by a paper on" The Grange, from a
Woman's Standpoint,*' by Miss Lizzie J. Huntington of
Amesbury.

Mrs. (J age said that the American farmer is a very dif-
ferent being from the foreign peasant. Under the
American social organization, he is the equal of represen-
tatives of other trades and professions. In no other
country has equal mental activity and alertness been
applied to the cultivation of the soil and a farmer requires
mental and physical energy, interest in his work and
judgment. The American farmer has the best blood of
other nations in his veins. — the tenacity of the English,
the versatility of the French, the stolid perseverance of
the German, the mechanical ingenuity of the Swiss, and
the energy of the more northern nations. He has im-
proved machinery and the ability to use and care for it.

Mrs. Gage gave comparisons of wages received by
farmers in different countries. In Massachusetts the farm
laborer averages $30.66 per month, in Iowa, -ft 17.41
monthly, for the year, including board and lodging and
in some counties 140 per month, without.

In western England, miles, $14.60 per month and
females S5.84, in summer and without board : in Wiltshire
and Dorsetshire, males $11.64 in summer, and $10.08 in
winter; in Hull district $29 to $72 for the year with
board and lodging : in Yorkshire, the first man per week
with cottage, #4.0fi. second man, without cottage or board
$■''>. 70, in Kent, $4.13 without board, and so on.

i5i

In Alsace Lorraine, Germany, farm laborers receive,
with board and lodging, $67.30 per year ; in Saxony,
males $44.26 and females $22.84, much of the farm labor
in Germany being done by women. In Japan with 12
hours work a day and five holidays a month, males receive
$8.50 to $12.75 per year with food and lodgings ; females
with same hours work but no holidays, $6 per annum
with food and lodgings.

Comparison was also made of farming methods of this
country with all its improved appliances and that of India
whose methods were antiquated centuries ago.

Statistics for 1887 showed a valuation of leading farm
products in this country of four billion dollars and 77 per
cent, of total exports were agricultural products. The
essayist pleaded for more thorough education of the far-
mer and argued in favor of establishing agricultural
schools, where boys could be sent to learn the farmer's
business and serve apprenticeship at it, as they do at
other trades and professions.

Miss Lizzie J. Huntington spoke of the advanced posi-
tion which women hold in the " Grange '' as compared
with the old farmer's Societies and Clubs. The organiza-
tion had met with opposition, as a " Woman's Rights As-
sociation, '' the women being treated on an equal footing
with men. The Grange is now represented in every
state in the union. Other trades combine for mutual
benefit, why shouldn't farmers? No other calling requires
science and education more, which the grange supplies in
part, it also increases the social spirit among farmers, an
important feature in a farmer's life, a religious and tem-
perate life is encouraged, and the mission of the grange
will not be accomplished until every farmer in the land
has received some benefit from it. The speaker gave a
short history of the granges in Essex County from its first
one, started less than two years before in Amesbury, and
now having a county grange with a number of subordi-
nate granges, all on a firm foundation with bright futures
before them, already showing an improvement in the

J52

social and mental condition of the farmers in the vicinity
of them.

Miss Huntington's paper was followed by speaking on
the subject by President Ware, Mrs. Wm. Horner of
Georgetown, O. I). Hadwen of Worcester, James P. King
of Peabody, Aaron Low of Essex, M. W. Bartlett of West
Newbury.

Mr. Ware said he knew of no organization so well cal-
culated to educate and cater to the social enjoyment and
advancement of the farmer as the Grange. He also
thought that farmers did not properly appreciate the ad-
vantages of a farmer's life and in illustration drew a
picture between two farmer's boys starting out in life —
one staying on the farm, the other going to the city and
receiving, perhaps, $2000 as salary. He contended that if
the bo}rs were equally endowed mentally and physically,,
the one who stayed on the farm would do best.

In the afternoon Mrs. Fannie A. Deane of Edgartown
read a paper on "The Influence of Flowers on National
Growth. "' No brief report can do justice to such an essay,
it should be heard or read to be appreciated. It covered a
wide field touching upon positions flowers had occupied as
emblems of religious faith and national life, in architecture
and in literature. Children should be trained to love
flowers — it will make their lives purer and better. Flowers
have a value in art, in manufactures, and in commerce,
well illustrated by the essayist. Contrast the greenhouses
of to-day in number with years ago and the varied and in-
creased demands for flowers now, and then. The raising
of flowers for perfumes is to acquire more importance in
the future. It is being now done to small extent in Cali-
fornia and the southern states.

The 'tender care of flowers by sailors in Holland and
Germany was alluded to, also of the white and red roses
as emblems of the great struggle in England. The "War
of the Roses," The great love for flowers and the at-
tention paid to their cultivation in Japan, was alluded
to.

President Ware followed, mentioning the immense
power for good that a dozen flowering plants did on board
ship on a long voyage at sea — the captain of the ship
stating that in his long experience he had never seen a
more potent agency for good aboard his ship. Mr. Ware
also spoke of the prizes offered by the Massachusetts
Horticultural Society for window gardens and flowers
generally.

John Robinson of Salem took an interest in the subject
from a botanical point of view. The desirability of be-
coming acquainted with native flowering plants, and trees
and grasses was dwelt upon.

Andrew Nichols, Jr. of Dan vers, spoke upon wild flow-
ers. He believed that botany should be a study in our pri-
mary schools instead of wating until the pupil was ad-
vanced in the High school.

Aaron Low of Essex spoke of the improvements made,
and great varieties in the colorings of flowers by their
training and hybridizing, most of the improvements com-
ing from Germany.

Remarks were also made on the subject by Mrs. Wm.
Horner of Georgetown, Mrs. Nancy C. Andrews of Essex,
Mrs. Martha De M. Gage of Bradford and others, which
were interesting.

A vote of thanks was passed to the essayists of the day,
for their interesting, instructive and valuable papers.

The 60th Institute and last of the season was a Field
Institute and was held on the Gardner Farm, Peabody, on
April 17, 1888. " For the Exhibition and Trial of all
Implements used in the Cultivation of Farm Crops," at
which some 200 or more were in attendance.

The largest exhibitor was J. L. Colcord it Son of Pea-
body, whose show of ploughs, harrows, cultivators and
other machines and tools, was quite extensive.

Whitcomb & Carter of Beverly, also showed a line of
machines of similar nature as well as C. H. Thompson of
Boston.

In the trial of the ploughs a dynomometer was attached

154

to them to ascertain the draught required. The result
was as follows.

No. 3 Yankee side hill plough — furrow 7 inches deep
and 14 inches wide : draught, 650 pounds.

Granger side hill — furrow 7 inches deep, 15 1-2 inches
wide ; draught, 350 pounds.

North American side hill — furrow 7 inches deep, 14
inches wide ; draught, 550 pounds.

Plough 76 — furrow 7 inches deep, 13 inches wide ;
draught 575 pounds.

National sulky reversible — furrow 7 inches deep, 14
inches wide ; draught, 500 pounds.

Oliver chilled plough, side hill — furrow 7 inches deep,
15 inches wide ; draught, 350 pounds.

Hussey plough, land side — furrow 6 1-2 inches deep, 14
inches wide ; draught, 300 pounds.

Swivel steel Yankee plough — furrow 7 inches deep, 14
inches wide ; draught, 400 pounds.

It will be seen by these figures that the Granger side
1 i 111 plough made a furrow one-half inch wider than any
other tested and as deep as any other — 7 1-2 inches, while
its draught was only 350 pounds. The Hussey land side
plough was the only one having a lighter draught, and
this may be explained by the fact that its furrow was only
6 1-2 inches deep and 14 inches wide. The Granger
plough was tested with one pair of horses which worked
slow, and another pair which worked faster — both show-
ing the same result.

The harrows Mere also given a practical test, but no
figures could be taken to give the relative quantity or
quality of their work. Each spectator was his own
judge.

Altogether, the institute was a success and a benefit to
farmers.

For the success which has attended our season's Insti-
tutes thanks are due to the Farmer's Clubs and other
societies, who with members and friends of this society
have procured the free use of halls, comfortably heated, in

155

the various places where they have been held, thus pro-
moting the good attendance at them which we believe is
productive of much good to the farming interests of our
county. Thanks are also due to the essayists who have
prepared so carefully such valuable papers for the meet-
ings.

The ladies at nearly all the places visited, interested in
charitable objects, provided good dinners for us at a fair
price.

DAVID W. LOW, Secretary.

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON ESSAYS,
REPORTS AND STATEMENTS.

The committee received but a single Essay this year,
that of Mr. Charles W. Mann, of Methuen, upon " Cab-
bage and Onions," published herewith, for which they
have awarded the second premium of $10. Fortunately
Mr. Faxon contributed the second part of his Essay on
"Annuals and their Cultivation," so that this department
is not so deficient as it would otherwise have been. Mr.
Faxon's essay is so meritorious, in the judgment of the
committee, that they recommend to the Trustees that he
be paid five dollars additional to the award of last year,
which will raise the premium granted him, to the rank of
first-class.

The committee hope that they may be able to report
more essays another year. It can hardly be that with the
constantly increasing interest in such writings there can
be any permanent disinclination among our people to thus
furnish us with the results of their experience and study.
The essays are among the most valued features of our
annual volume, and are eagerly read in the families of
the farmers of Essex County, and by many interested
persons not embraced in the membership of the society.
These papers, hitherto published, have been extremely
valuable and entertaining, and have largely contributed

156

to the excellent reputation which the Society enjoys
throughout the state. We have, happily, many gentle-
men who, in all respects, are competent to furnish such
papers for the Transactions, and the committee would be
greatly pleased if they should be induced to favor the
society and the public with their thoughts upon some of
the many topics which interest the agricultural public.

The committee have decided to make two awards for
best Reports and Statements, namely, 1st premium of $10
to Hon. J. J. H. Gregory, of Marblehead, for his report
upon Apples, and the 3d premium of $6 to Mr. John M.
Danforth, for his report on Hoot Crops. Other than these
the committee made no awards.
For the committee,

Gilbert L. Streeter, Chairman.

G. L. Streeter, Daniel E. Safford, Xathan M. Hawkes,
David W. Low, Geo. W. Foster. — CommiLlee.

IX ME MORI AM.

Royal Day, of Bradford, who died in 1888, was a
member of our Society over twenty years. "He was a
well to do farmer, about 65 years of age; unmarried.
He was much interested in the Society, serving on its
Committees, and constant in his attendance at our Fairs."

John O'Brien, of Bradford, who met his death by
the "Haverhill Accident," being killed in a building
crushed by the cars, joined this Society in 1878, and for
several years previous took premiums for fruit at our
Fairs, mostly on Pears, of which he made a specialty. In
1879 he took the first premium on report of Committee,
he having served as Chairman of the Committee on Pears.
In the following winter, at a " Farmers' Institute," in
Lynn, he read a paper on " Fruit Culture." He was a
constant and working member at our Annual Fairs and
his fruit was always among the best.

i57

Richard Dodge, of Beverly, died May 17, 1888. He
was one of our oldest members, having joined in 1848.
He owned and cultivated a large farm ; was a good neigh-
bor, pleasant and social, and was interested in his town,
schools and church.

John Meacom, of Beverly, died December 1, 1888, on
his 77th birthday, the last three years of his life having
been one of the Trustees of this Society, joining it in
1858, and having been active since in its service, on im-
portant committees. He early learned the carpenter's
trade and became a master builder, and the most promi-
nent school-houses, churches, halls, and dwelling houses in
Beverly are monuments of his skill. He was a great
lover of his native town and served on its Board of Select-
men from 1859 to 1863 inclusive, the war period. Chair-
man of the Board a part of the time. A Representative
in 1862. Overseer of the Poor from 1865 to 1873, most
of the time Chairman. Was Director of the Beverly
Savings Bank and of the South Danvers (Peabody)
Mutual Insurance Company. In Masonic circles he was
well known. He was a wise counsellor, a loyal friend,
an enterprising citizen of most exemplary character and
of large influence for good. He accumulated a large
amount of real estate which became valuable, and portions
of which he tilled to advantage.

John Bell, of Beverly, died Dec. 2, 1888, aged 67,
having for the past twenty years been a member of this
Society. He was owner of many acres and a successful
milk farmer. He was a citizen of energy and capacity
and had served as Assessor for the town of Beverly, of
which he wras a native, and was connected with its Mason-
ic and Odd-Fellows organizations at the time of his death.

John Hale, of Boxford, died March 7, 1888, aged
86 years, 6 months, 27 days. He was an early exhibitor
and member, taking premiums fifty years ago. for his ex-
hibits of stock, at our exhibition, and was also an exhibit-
or of boots and shoes, in the department of Domestic
Manufactures, of which for many years he was an exten-

158

sive manufacturer, until he met with heavy losses, after
which he spent his time farming and marketing at Salem
market, which he kept up until the last winter of his
life. He was always sure to be at every Cattle Show of
our society.

Samuel P. Fowler, of Danvers, died Dec. 15, 1888,
in his 89th year, naving been born April 22, 1800. He
wus a direct descendent of Philip Fowler, born in Wilt-
shire, Eng., in 1590, who settled in Ipswich, Mass., in
1681. His ancestry was of the genuine sturdy New Eng-
land type. His tastes were literary, although his onlv
early education was from a country school, but he con-
tinued a student, taking a keen interest in nature, and
wrote interesting articles on the tk Birds of New England,"
also many botanical papers on trees and shrubs, and took
an active part in the meetings of this Society of which
he was long a valuable member.

He served Danvers as Selectman and Assessor, five
years; Auditor, three years ; frequently Moderator; on
School Committee, seven years; Board of Health, three
years ; one of its Firewards when its Fire Department
was first organized. Representative in 1837, '38 and '39.
Was a member of the State Constitutional Convention,
in 1853. Was President of the Peabody Institute for
some time, serving on its most important committees. He
was an officer of the banks and seems to have been placed
in many responsible positions, on committees and else-
where. His longest and most important public service
was as member of the Board of Overseers of the Poor
for forty-three years, most of the time as Chairman. He
joined Jordan Lodge of Masons, in 1823, and remained
one of its members until his death. No citizen of Dan-
vers was more beloved or will be more missed. To very
few is given such a long and useful life.

Amos Prince, of Danvers, died March 11, 1888, aged
<o6 years, 9 mos., 11 days. Became a member of this
Society in 1870.

i59

Samuel Wallis, of Danvers, died Sept. 9, 1888, aged
79 years, 3 days ; followed the occupation of farming the
most of his life. For thirty years he was a member of
this Society, and always interested in its doings. He
usually attended its Annual Fairs, and in the latter part
of his life very many of its Farmers' Institutes.

David Knowltok, of Essex, died March 29, 1888,
aged 68 }'ears. He was a farmer and teamster, taking-
loads of hay, wood, or piling to Gloucester, and bringing
back rigging, and cables and anchors, for the new vessels,
building in Essex, for the Gloucester fisheries, or else
bringing back loads of manure to enrich his farm. He
joined this Society in 1858 ; has served on many of its
committees, and taken many premiums for horses.

Miles S. Andrews, of Essex, died Nov. 25, 1888,
aged 76 yrs., 7 mos., 22 days. Became a member in 1856
and has served on its committees. He made farming a
success, being especially successful in the cultivation of
Asparagus and Strawberries.

Daniel E. Moultox, of Georgetown, died May 15,
1888. He was born July 10, 1821, in West Newbury,
and worked on the old homestead farm until he moved to
Georgetown, about forty years ago. For twenty years
he has been a member of this Society, and has taken
great interest in all that pertained to its welfare. Reared
on a farm, although later in life he was activelv en<?ao-ed
in manufacturing pursuits, yet his interest in agriculture
never waned, and, on retiring from business his inclina-
tions were toward the cultivation of the soil. His death
was caused by injuries received while ploughing in his
field. He served in several important official positions,
and did a great deal towards building up the town. He
was very benevolent toward the suffering, and kind and
solicitous in sickness. Few men would do more to relieve
the distressed.

James R. Nichols, of Haverhill, died Jan. 2, 1888,
aged 68 yrs., 5 mos., 13 days, was one of our most valued

i6o

members. He joined in 1855, and the same year was
selected to deliver the annual address, and again in 1881,
in which last he reviewed the progress of Agriculture in
the County, in the twenty-five years since his first address.
He was one of the Trustees of the Society for several
years.

Dr. Nichols was one of the most scientific and success-
ful chemists of his time, and the result of his research,
with an inventive mind, were many important discoveries
and inventions, of which the public are now enjoying the
fruits. In 1855 and 1857 he travelled extensively in
Europe, and his information there gained by observation,
inquiry, and study, proved of great advantage to his
future, in the production of chemicals used in printing,
dyeing, photographing, and other arts which had hitherto
only been supplied from the laboratories of Europe. His
early education upon a farm caused him to apply chemis-
try to agriculture, and in 1863 he purchased a farm on
the westerly shore of Lake Kenoza, known as the " Darl-
ing Estate," which he designed " for an experimental
farm in the application of science in agriculture,'' and it
was probably the oldest experimental farm in the country.
His changes in process of cultivation proved a great suc-
cess, as shown in the State Agricultural Reports and in
the running history of the work, appearing in the " Jour-
nal of Chemistry," which had been established by him in
Boston in 1866, and in other scientific and agricultural
journals. He made hitherto unproductive territory teem
with abundant crops, and its results are shown on Essex
Count)r farms, especially by improved methods and more
science applied. In 1878 he was appointed by Gov. Rice
on the Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture and was
continued a member until .his death, contributing many
valuable papers to the literature of agriculture. Among
the most prominent were, "The Proper way of Reclaim-
ing Wet Meadows," " Water in Agriculture," '■ Artificial
Fertilizers." ki What Science has accomplished for Hus-
bandry," " Muck — its Uses in Agriculture," and many
others of kindred nature.

i6i

Prior to 1872, his works, "Fireside Science,''' and
" Chemistry of the Farm and Sea," were issued and ex-
tensivety read, contributing to increase his literary repu-
tation, and in 1883, his book entitled, " Whence, What,
Where?" proved to be the most popular of all his publi-
cations, with immense sales. His interest in the diffusion
of useful knowledge caused him to found a public library
in his native town of Merrimae. Besides his scientific,
agricultural and literary pursuits, he held very important
official positions, having been from 1873 to 1878, Presi-
dent of the Vermont State Railroad, and from 1873 to
his death, a Director of the Boston and Maine Railroad.

James E. Gale, of Haverhill, died Aug. 20, 1888,.
aged 56 years. He became a member in 1855.

William Merrill, of Haverhill, died Sept. 7, 1888,
aged 76 years. He joined the Society from Andover, in
1865.

Edmund Gage, of Haverhill, died Dec. 6, 1888, aged
86 yrs., 6 mos., 26 days. He had been a member about
fifteen years.

Addison Gilbert, of Gloucester, died July 2, 1888,
at the age of 79 years, having been a member since 1872.
Although not a farmer, he took great pleasure in culti-
vating fruits, flowers and vegetables in his garden. At
the time of his death he was President of the City
National Bank and the Cape Ann Savings Bank, and
under the Town Government he served many years on
its Board of Selectmen, most of the time chairman. He
had, during his life, accumulated a large property, and
left for the benefit of his native city, Gloucester, nearly
#200,000 to found a free hospital and an Aged Couples'
Home, and for other charitable and like institutions in
the city.

Francis M. Loring, of Gloucester, died Aug. 17,1888,
aged 77 years. He was born in Boston, Aug. 27, 1811, and
went to Gloucester forty-five years ago, as a journeyman
tinsmith. Afterwards he was in business, winning

l62

-the confidence and esteem of all with whom he had deal-
ings, and attracting a large circle of friends by his genial
and social qualities. Elected in 1879, by the votes of all
parties, on the Board of Aldermen, he rendered faithful
and valuable service on its most important committees.
He was a veteran Odd-Fellow and Mason, and joined this
Society in 1872.

Daniel S. Russell, of Ipswich, died Feb. 5, 1888,
ao-ed 03 yrs., 4 mos. Tii early life he was a Lynn shoe-
maker, but for the past twenty-five years a farmer. He
was an active member of the Ipswich Grange, and of this
Society, having joined it in 1881. At the time of his
death he was a member of the Board of Selectmen. He
was a man of strict integrity, honest in all his dealings
with others.

YORICK Gr. HtJRD, of Ipswich, died Sept. 24. 1888,
..ao-ed 61 yrs., 7 mos., 7 days. He was born in Lempsten,
N. H. Dr. Hurd was widely known as a successful phy-
sician and surgeon. In early life he worked on a farm.
During the late Rebellion as surgeon of the 48th Becr't
of Mass. Volunteers, he gained a high reputation for his
skill. In 1865-6 he served in the State Senate, and in
18t)<> was appointed Master of the House of Correction,
and Superintendent of the Insane Asylum at Ipswich,
which he held for twenty-one years, and under his direc-
tion the farm was both improved and made remunerative,
growing large and profitable crops. He was trustee of
the Manning School Fund, and of the Ipswich Savings
Bank. He took an active part in agriculture, as a mem-
ber of this Society for nearly twenty years ; also, in town
affairs, and favored all improvements that he saw would
bring good results. Was kind and obliging, ever ready
and willing to lend a helping hand to all. He will be
missed by all who knew his sterling qualities.

EnWAUD A. FlSKE, of Lawrence, died, after a lingering
illness of two years, Dec. 28, 1887, aged 49 years. Major
Fiske was born in Lowell, and was brother of General
W. O. Fiske who died some over a year ago. When the

163

war broke out lie was 23 years old and exploring- timber
lands one hundred miles north of Montreal. When the
news reached him of the assault on our country's flag he
set out for home which he reached at noon of a Septem-
ber day in '61, immediately going to a recruiting office,
where he was rejected as below the required, height.
That night he had two thicknesses of leather placed on
his shoes and returned next day and was again rejected,
but he was so persistent to go that he was finally passed,
and sent to Camp Chase and attached to Co. B. where he
was elected 2d Lieut. Nov. 27, '61, and advanced to 1st
Lieut. Aug. 21, '62. The Company was part of the 30th
Reg't. On Oct. 21, '62, he was promoted to Captain. At
the siege of Yicksburg, his regiment was on the river;
the Rebel gunboat Arkansas was near by, doing a great
deal of damage. Two Union gun-boats were ordered in
pursuit, and Capt. Fiske had charge of one. A conflict
resulted, that raged for six hours. During that time, the
Captain stood by the pilot-house, pistol in hand, directing
its movements. Men were falling on all sides of him,
but he bravely held his position until the battle closed.
On General Banks' expedition, anxious to beat the front,
he got changed from the charge of the commissary dep't
to Gen'l Berges' staff, and on the campaign had two
horses shot from under him, the last one pinning him
down by falling upon his sword, and he was compelled to
cut the straps and flee for his life. Being sent to Wash-
ington on business, he came home on furlough and was
presented with two beautiful swords. On his return to
his regiment he took an active part in the closing engage-
ments of the war, and on Feb. IT, 1865 was brevetted
Major for gallant services in the field. His service was
four years and four months.

At the close of the war the Major leased a plantation
in South Carolina, investing several thousand dollars, but
before his first crop was harvested sectional hatred was
such in that locality that he was threatened with death
if he persisted in remaining He left for Pennsylvania,

164

and in 1868 came to Lawrence, where he engaged in
business until the disease contracted in the army fastened'
upon him, causing a lingering illness of two years before
his death. He was a member of the Loyal Legion of
Massachusetts, a Knight Templar of Tuscan Masonic Lodge
and prominent in the Grand Army. His obituary, pub-
lished in the Laivrence American, from which the above
extracts are taken, ends with this paragraph, which, not-
withstanding the space already occupied for notice of his
death, we know the patriotic farmers of this Society will
pardon its addition.

" No braver soldier, more discreet and capable officer
went from Massachusetts into the service of his country :
no truer comrade of the Grand Army, with deeper, more-
constant devotion to the interests of all who had defend-
ed the flag, ever lived in our city : no more generous-
hearted, open-handed, public-spirited citizen has blessed
any community : A more unselfish, steadfast, self-sacri-
ficing friend has not been born or lived in this generation
than Major Edward A. Fiske.

Wilbur Fisk Gile, of Lawrence, died Feb. 5, 1888,.
aged 56 }^ears. Was born in East Bradford, now Grove-
land. Before he was twenty he began teaching school,
his success winning advancement and attention of
educators. In 1855 he became principal of the Grammar
school in Lawrence, proving a superior teacher; but hav-
ing a taste for legal matters he resigned, to study law.
In 1860 he was admitted to the bar, and obtained a large
and successful practice. For a number of years past he
lias been Associate Justice of the Lawrence Police Court.
He took active interest in school matters. He served on
the Republican State Committee, and was a member of
several social clubs of Boston and Lawrence, and of the
Masonic fraternity. He was of a remarkable genial and
sunny disposition, large hearted, liberal and true to his
friends.

Reuben Alley, of Marblehead, died Jan. 7, '88. He
was a Trustee of this Society at the time of his death.

i65

:ancl a member since 1875. He was one of the most suc-
cessful of Marblehead market gardeners, and was a fre-
quent and successful competitor at oar exhibitions ; quiet
and unobtrusive in his manners, a good citizen and a kind
neighbor, his example as a farmer and citizen was valu-
able in the neighborhood in which he lived and he is
missed and lamented by all who knew him. He was a
member of the Masonic Fraternity and Knights of Pyth-
ias.

Charles Adams, of Newbury, a member of this So-
ciety since 1869, was born May 18, 1824, and died April
-30, 1888. Mr. Adams lived all his life upon a farm in-
herited from his father, in the centre of that town. He
was a good citizen and a good farmer and he will be
thought of as one who rose in our esteem as we came to
know him better. His peculiar taste, one which may be
too rare among us in like circumstances, was shown in the
beautiful bank of flowers between his house and the road,
-cultivated each year with care, by him, for many years,
which came to be a pleasing land-mark on the way from
Dummer Academy to Newburyport. He left a widow
but no children.

HlRAM YOUNG, of Newburyport, was born in New-
bury, Nov. 18. 1834, and died in Newbury, Feb. 12, 1888.
Though always dependent upon his own labor for support
•of himself and family, neither owning nor managing a
farm, Mr. Young was always noted for his interest in all
agricultural affairs, and for his skill and capacity in all
farm work. That skill is shown by the award to him,
from 1855 to 1880, of 15 first, 4 second, and 1 third pre-
miums for his work upon the ploughing fields, at this So-
ciety's Fairs: in a larger part of these eases with a single
•ox-team, as driver and also holder of the plough. He
joined this Society in 1858.

William II. Husk, of Newburyport, Mayor of the city,
Editor of the Newburyport Herald, member of this So-
ciety, died suddenly March 28, 1888, aged 64 yrs., 3 mos.,
'2?> days. He became a member in 1855, and has always

1 66

been interested in its welfare, and at the Fair held in that
city, in 1885 and 1886 gave it personal help by word and
deed. His loss was felt keenly in Newburyport, and its
City Council said of him, k' That in the death of Hon.
William H. Huse, Mayor of this city, we are called to^
mourn lor one who in many capacities, and during a long
term of years, has faithfully administered every trust de-
volving upon him, and as Mayor has in the most able and
impartial manner discharged the duties of the office. In
every department he has proved of great usefulness, and
attended carefully to every duty required at his hands, and
ever been active to advance the interests and promote the
welfare of our city, and his record is — ' Well done, thou
good and faithful servant/ which will also apply to other
local, state and national positions which he had held.'"

William Thurlow, of Newburyport, who died Dec. 1-L
188S, aged about 70 years, was a sea Captain, and for
several years a Pilot, and for many years a grocer in that
city. Has served as Alderman and in other offices. Had
been a member of this Society about twenty years and
was interested in its welfare.

Edward W. Jacobs, of Peabody, who died 22d of April.
1888, at the age of 56 years, had been a member of this
Society nearly twenty years. He had been prominently
identified with the business interests of Peabody and an
active worker for its welfare and prosperity, showing him-
self to be large hearted and charitable, but often too liberal
for his own good. He not only succeeded his father in a
large business, but also as President of the South Danvers
National Bank and as Trustee of Peabody Institute: and
held many places of honor in the town. He finally met
with financial misfortune. While he was a business man
he was also a farmer, his buildings being about one ami
a half miles from the town hall. Ilis barn was thought-
fully arranged for practical utility, and he showed a strong
liking for good stock and a desire to accomplish thorough
work in conducting farming operations. He was one who
was in life active in building up a business which helped

i67

make the most desirable kind of a market that fain.cis ca»
wish for, one that is nearest their homes.

Nathaniel S. York, of Rockport, died March 7, 1888,.
aged. bi> years. A member of this Society since 187- : was
a native of North Yarmouth, Me., and resident of Rock-
port since 183U. He was a Master Mariner; afterwards,
Overseer in the Steam Cotton Mill there ; aiterwards, Su-
perintendent, in 1872 he was made a Trial Justice which
oifice lie held at death. He was on the School Committee
eighteen years, most of the time chairman, and did much,
to improve the schools. He was one of the Selectmen six
years, and a past master of Ashler Masonic Lodge. Mr.
1'ork was a man of strong convictions and wise in council.
Taking great interest in his town, he was always ready to
promote its best interests, and his qualities of heart and
mind will cause him to be greatly missed.

John B. Hodgkins, of Rockport, died Aug. 13, '88, aged
74 years. About fifteen years a member of this Society.
Worked on a farm, as a boy, by the day or month. Later,
hired land or took it on shares ; later, butchering business i
later, he excavated and formed a pond in his meadow r
built two ice-houses and carried on the ice business several
years. In later years he has been engaged in the milk
business, and, notwithstanding poor health, he continued to
supply his customers to within a few weeks of his death.
He was a hard working, industrious man, large hearted,
performing many acts of kindness, especially to the sick.

Elijah P. Robinson, of Saugus, died Sept. 2. 188$
aged 71 years. Born m E*st Bridge water, May 19, 1817.
He for fifteen years ploughed the seas, sailing once around
the world and five tunes around Cape Horn, serving seven
years as first mute. Later, he was Conductor on the Old
Colony Railroad two years, until disabled by an accident-
Afterwards for twenty-live years as Clerk of Births, Mar-
riages and Heaths, in the ofliee of the Secretary of State.
As a citizen he was interested and active in town affairs,
serving on its School Committee and other places of trust-

1 63

He joined this Society about twenty years ago, and has
served as Trustee, and on various committees.

Charles A. Stetson, of Swampscott, for over twenty-
five years a member of this Society, was a hotel keeper in
New York City, as well as a farmer in Swampscott. He
died in the latter place during the past year.

William Putnam Endicott died March 11, 1888, at his
residence on Essex street, Salem. Born in Salem, March
5, 1803, son of Capt. Samuel and Elizabeth (Putnam) En-
dicott. Graduated from Harvard in the Class of '22, in the
same class with Nath'l I. Bovvditch, Robert Treat Paine,
and other men of subsequent note. He sailed as super-
cargo on several voyages to the East Indies. In his earlier
years he attained the rank of Major in the militia. In
1835 he became a member of the East India Marine So-
ciety, and in 1844 represented Salem in the General Court.
His son, William C. Endicott, is Secretary of War.

Naturally of a retiring disposition, and habitually with-
drawn from society, becoming almost a recluse in his later
years, yet never losing, when the exigencies of life brought
him into the company of others, the gracious deportment of
an accomplished gentleman and a scholarly, kind and friend-
ly man. He joined this Society nearly forty years ago, and
has served it on its most important committees.

Moses M. Ridgway, of West Newbury, died Jan. 7, 1888.
He was born in March, 1800, being a little short of 88
years of age. He was among the oldest members of this
Society, having joined it in 1838, fifty years before his
death. In all those years he was thoroughly interested in
agriculture and showed it by not only keeping up, but in
raising the standard of his own farm, and making of farm-
ing, as well as of himself, a success.

M. B. Merrill, of West Newbury, who died Feb. 13,
1838, aged 64 years, became a member in 1877. He went
out in September, 18*52, from that town, as 2d Lieut., Co.
B, 48th Regt., Mass. Vols. In July, '63, he was promoted
to Captain, in which capacity he served with honor and

169

efficiency. Since his service in the army lie has suffered
from malarial poisoning-, especially in the later years of
his life. He was a warm supporter of the Union cause
and carried his spirit of enthusiastic loyalty with him into
the army. He was connected with, and a warm friend of
the Major Boyd Post of the Grand Army in West New-
bury. His death will he a recognized loss to his family,
his comrades, and to the public.

Hon. Chables S. Bradley, of West Newbury, died
April 29, 1888, aged 08 yrs., 9 mos., 19 days, in New York
City. He was formerly Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court of Rhode Island. Judge Bradley was born in
Xewburyport, July 19, 1819; Avas a student in Boston
Latin School, and graduated with highest honors from
Brown University in the class of 1838, which graduated
so many distinguished men. He studied law in the Har-
vard Law School, and in Providence. He had his farm
at Crane Neck Hill, West Newbury, and was owner of a
fine herd of Short Horn Cattle, for specimens of which
a number of premiums were awarded at the late Fair. Dur-
ing his life Mr. Bradley vras interested in the Society, and
frequently exhibited stock. He became a member in 1875.

Again we have been called upon to record a large death
roll, and that not only of men prominent in the affairs of
our Society, but also occupying important stations in other
walks of life, showing that a good farmer is reliable any-
where. Another point will be noticed, the advanced age of
those who have left us, confirming the statistical fact that of
those who die in Massachusetts, above the age of twenty
years, the farmer lives eighteen years longer than those en-
gaged in any other occupation or profession.

This Society tenders to the relatives of its deceased
members its deepest sympathy in their affliction, which is a
mutual loss.

Beni. P. Ware. David W. Low — Committee. -

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List of Premiums Awarded in 1888.

FAT CATTLE.

Daniel Carlton, North Andover, for oxen, first pre-
mium, $8 00

B. P. Richardson, Middleton, for oxen, second pre-

mium, 6 00
Win. A. Russell, Lawrence, for cow, first premium, 7 00
Francis O. Kimball, Danvers, for cow, second pre-
mium, 5 00

BULLS.

C. S. Bradley heirs, West Newbury, for •' Short

Horn," first premium, 8 00

C. S. Bradley heirs, West Newbury, for "Short

Horn,'" under 2 years, first premium. 4 00

C. S. Bradley heirs, West Newbury, for "Short

Horn" calf, first premium, 2 00

Joshua W. Nichols, Danvers, for Jersey, 2 years old,

first premium, 4 00

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for yearling Holstein,

first premium, 4 00

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for Holstein calf, first

premium, 2 00

Wm. 0. Cahill, Danvers, Ayrshire, second premium,

over 2 years old, 4 00

MILCH COWS.

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for best milch cow,

Holstein, first premium, 15 <)(►

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for any age or breed, first

premium, 10 00

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for any age or breed,

second premium, I 00

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for 4 years old and up-
wards, first premium, I" 00

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for 4 years old and up-
wards, second premium, • 00

C. S. Bradley heirs, West Newbury, Shm-i Horn,

first premium, 10 ,,(>

172

HERD OK MILCH COWS.

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, Holstein herd, first pre-

18 00

HEIFERS — FIRST CLASS.

C. S. Bradley heirs, West Newbury, for Short Horn,

2 years old, never calved, first premium, 4 00

C. S. Bradley heirs. West Newbury, for Short Horn,

2 years old. never calved, second premium, '■'> 00

C. S. Bradley heirs. West Newbury, for Short Horn,

1 year old, never calved, first premium, -1 00

C. S. Bradley heirs, West Newbury, for Short Horn,

1 year old, second premium, 3 00

C. S. Bradley heirs, West Newbury, for heifer calf,

first premium. 4 00

C.S.Bradley heirs, West Newbury, for heifer calf,

second premium, 3 00

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for Holstein under 4

years old in milk, first premium, *8 00

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for Holstein, under 4

years old in milk, second premium, *5 00

James ( '. Poor, North Andover, for Holstein calf,

first premium. 4 00

• si and $3 on :;•_' page, are incorrect.

HEIFERS — SECOND (LASS.

James F. Cody, Peabody, for milch grade, first pre-
mium.

Wm. A. Jacobs, Danvers, for milch native, second
premium,

Francis 0. Kimball, Danvers, for grade 2 years old,

never calved, first premium. 4 00

Wm. Perkins 2d, Peabody, for grade yearling, first

premium, 4 00

Ira F. Trask, Hamilton, for native twin yearling,

second premium, 3 00

Peter Shehan, Peabody, for grade calf, first premium, 4 00

Arthur E. Fuller, Danvers, for native calf, second

premium, 3 <">

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

Lyman S. Wilkins, Middleton. for oxen, first premium, 12 00

8 00
5 00

0<>

173

B. H. Farnuni, North Andover, second premium,
James C. Poor, North Andover, third premium,
Samuel Thayer, Andover, for working steers, first

premium,
Jacob L. Farnum, North Andover, second premium.

TOWN TEAMS.

Town of Lynnfield, for 10 pair horses, first premium, 20 00
Town of Topstield, for 11 pair oxen, first premium. 20 00

Town of Middleton, for 8 pair oxen, second premium, 15 00

STEERS.

Benj. W. Farnum, North Andover, for yearling steers,

first premium, „ o 00

Benj. W. Farnum, North Andover, for steer calves,

second premium, 2 00

STALLIONS — FIRST CLASS,

Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for Percheron, ."> years old,

first premium, 10 00

Lamont G. Bumham, Essex, for Percheron, 4| years

old, second premium, *6 00*

John Parkhurst, Boxford, for grade Percheron, 4

years old. third premium. 1 00

James Kinnear, Ipswich, for grade Percheron, 3 years

old, first premium, 8 00

$5 is incorrect mi page •"><>.

STALLIONS — SECOND CLASS,

Charles H. Walker, Georgetown, 3 year old, for driv-
ing horses, first premium, 10 00

Alfred C. Hill, Saugus, 11 year old, for driving-
horses, second premium, 6 00

John Looney, Salem, 3 year old, for driving horses.

second premium, ."> 00

BROOD MAKES.

John Swinerton, Danvers, for mare and foal, first

premium, 111 00

0. N. Fernald, Danvers, for marc and foal, second

premium, (> 00

S. F. Newman, Newbury, mare and foal, third pre-
mium, A 00

174

FAMILY HORSES.

M. C. Andrews, Andover, for brown mare, first pre-
mium, 10 00

James A. Croscup, Lynn, for roan mare, second pre-
mium, 6 00

Edwin Bates, Lynn, for chestnut mare, third pre-
mium, 4 00
gentlemen's driving horses.

M. C. Andrews, Andover. for dark bay mare, first pre-
mium, 10 00

J. Henry Nason, Boxford, for iron gray gelding, sec-
ond premium, 6 00

M. Looney, Salem, for chestnut mare, third premium, 4 00

FA KM HORSES.

J. H. Perkins, Lynnfield, for dark bay mare, first
premium,

Francis 0. Kimball, Dan vers, for dark brown geld-
ing, second premium,

Frederick Symonds, North Andover, for a nine year
old, third premium,

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES.

H. H. Hale, Bradford, first premium,
Amos Pratt, Danvers, second premium,
T. E. Cox, Jr., Lynnfield, third premium,

COLTS FOR DRAFT PURPOSES, SECOND CLASS.

H. H. Hale, Bradford, first premium,

J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead, second premium,

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES FTRST CLASS.

Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for " 4 years old,'' first

premium, 8 00

L. L. Morrison, Danvers. for 4 3rears old, second pre-
mium, 5 -00

Edwin Bates, Lynn, for 3 years old, first premium, 6 00

Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for 3 years old, second

premium, 3 00

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES — SECOND CLASS.

Edwin Bates, Lynn, for yearling colt, first premium, 5 00

10 00

6 00

4 00

12 00

8 00

4 00

8 00

5 00

175

Herbert Jepson, Lynn, for yearling colt, second pre-
mium,

■Charles Saunders, Salem, for 2 years old, first pre-
mium.

Daniel G. Tenney, Newbury, for 2 years old, second
premium,

SWINE FIRST CLASS.

John Mahoney, Rowley, for Berkshire hoar, second
premium,

John Mahoney, Rowley, for Berkshire sow, first pre-
mium,

John Mahoney, Rowley, for Berkshire sow, second
premium,

Robert G Buxton, Peabody, for Yorkshire boar,
first premium,

I), in vers Hospital, for Yorkshire boar, second pre-
mium,

Danvers Hospital, for Yorkshire sow, second premium,

Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for Yorkshire sow, first
premium, f

Simon P. Buxton. Peabody, for litter of weaned pigs,
first premium,

SWINE — SECOND CLASS.

Arthur C. Buxton, Peabody, for sow and ten pigs,

first premium, 8 00

Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for sow and ten pigs,

second premium, 5 00

H. H. Hale, Bradford, for weaned pigs, first premium, 8 00

R. G. Buxton, Peabody, for weaned pigs, second pre-
mium. 5 00

SHEEP.

H. H. Hale, Bradford, for flock of sheep, first pre-
mium, 10 00
H. H. Hale, Bradford, for lambs, first premium, 4 00
S. S. Pratt, Danvers lor Cotswold buck, first pre-
mium, 8 00

IMPROVING WASTE LANDS.

<C. K. Ordway & Son, West Newbury, first premium, 15 00

GRAIN CROPS.

Oliver P. Killani, Boxford, corn crop, first premium, 10 00
Win, W. Perkins, Newbury, barley crop, first pre-
mium, 10 00

3 00

176

ROOT CROPS.

-John H. George, Methuen, onion crop, first premium, LO 00*

Charles \Y. Mann, Methuen, onion crop, second pre-
mium, 5 00

David Warren. Swampscott, squash crop, first pre-
mium. 10 00

Paul M. Ilsley, Newbury, squash crop, second pre-
mium, 5 00'

Charles W. Mann, Methuen, cabbage crop, first pre-
mium. 10 00

David Warren. Swampscott, cabbage crop, second

premium, 5 00'

Horatio G. Herrick, Lawrence, carrot crop, first pre-
mium.

C. K. Ordway & Son, West Newbury, carrot crop,
second premium,

liomulus Jaques, West Newbury, turnip crop, first
premium,

SMALL FRUITS.

George J. Peirce, West Newbury, strawberry crop,
first premium,

NEW MEMBERS.

Edwin Bates, Lynn, most newr members, premium,

ESSAYS AND REPORTS.

Charles W. Mann, Methuen, essay on cabbages and

onions, second premium,
J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead, report on apples, first

premium,
.John M. Danforth, Lynnfield, report on root crops,

third premium,

OTHER AWARDS.

Awarded by Committee on Poultry,

'< «. " " Agricultural Implements,

" " " " Carriages,

" " " Dairy,

" " " " Bread, Honey, etc.,

" « " '• Pears,

" " " " Apples,

« » " " Peaches, Grapes, etc.,

i> " " " Flowers,

00'

176

Awarded by Committee on Vegetables,*

" " Grain and .Seed,

183 50
32 00

" Counterpanes and Afghans, 25 00
" Carpets and lings, 30 00

'• Articles manuf . from Leather,31 Of)
" Manufact's and Gen'] Mdse, 17 50
" Fancy and Art Work. 50 50

•• Children's work, 15 00

$1606 75

•Award oi S3, First Premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for Fotlers.'
Brunswick, omitted on Report printed,

RECAPITULATION.

FAR3IS.

Awarded for

Improving Waste Land,

FARM STOCK.

Awarded for Fat Cattle,

$26 00

Bulls,

28 00

Milch Cows,

71 00

Heifers,

51 00

Heifer Calves,

18 00

Working Oxen and Steers,

46 00

Town Teams, Oxen, Horses,

55 00

Steers,

7 00

1 1

Horses,

153 00

Colts,

51 00

Swine,

78 00

Sheep,

22 00

1 1

I 'oultry ,

FARM PRODUCTS.

74 00

Awarded for Grain Crops,

$20 00

Root Crops,

70 00

$15 00

$680 00

177

Awarded for Fruit Crops,

„ " Fruits,

" " Dairy,

" " Bread, Honey, etc.,

" " Flowers,

" " Vegetables,

" " Grain and Seed,

M [SCELLANEOUS.

Awarded for Agricultural Implements,

" " Domestic Manufactures,
" '• Carriages,

" " Obtaining New Members,
" " Essays and Reports,

$1,606 73

Awarded to 402 different individuals and firms, in 33 differ-
ent towns and cities in the county. All in the county receiv-
ing awards except Merrimac and Nahant, as follows, viz : —
Amesburv, 837.50; Andover, $34.50; Beverly, $11.50; Box-
ford, $35.50; Bradford, $64; Danvers, $202.50; Essex, $59;
Georgetown, 810; Gloucester, 50 cents; Groveland, $13; Ham.
ilton, $ 3.50 ; Haverhill, $11 ; Ipswich, $11 ; Lawrence, $102;
Lynn, $85.50 ; Lynnfield, .844.25; Manchester, $1.50; Marble-
head, $42.50 ; Methuen, $35 ; Middleton, $46.50 ; Newbury,
s.~', i ; Newbury port, $4.75; North Andover, $47 ; Peabody,
$341; llockport, 82; Rowley, $27.50; Salem, $82.25; Salis.
bury, $1.50; Saugus, $28; Swampscott, $31; Topsfield, $27 .
Wenham, $2; West Niwbury, $103.

239

183

$644

$39 00

1G9

$267

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY

FOB 1888-9.

PRESIDENT,

BENJAMIN P. WARE, of Marblehead.

VICE PRESIDENTS.

GEORGE B. LORING, of Salem.
JAMES J. H. GREGORY, of Marblehead.
THOS. C. THURLOW, of West Newbury.
JAMES P. KING, of Peabody.

SECRETARY,

DAVID W. LOW, of Gloucester.

TREASURER,

GILBERT L. STREETER, of Salem.

HONORARY TRUSTEE,

JOSEPH HOW, of Methuen.

TRUSTEES.

Charles C. Blunt, Andover. Alvin Smith, Hamilton.
B. F. Huntington. Amesbury.E. A. Emerson, Haverhill.
Andrew Dodge, Beverly. Alonzo B. Fellows, Ipswich.
George B, Austin, Boxford. Horatio G. Herrick, Lawr nee
Albert Kimball, Bradford. Asa T. Newhall, Lynn.
Edw. E. Woodman, Danvers. John M. Danforth, Lynnfield.
Aaron Low, Essex. John Baker, Manchester.

Sherman Nelson, Georget'wn.Wm. S. Phillips, jr. Marble'd
Alon/.o F. Harvey, Gloucest "rJames D. Pike, Merrimac.
Abel Stickney, Oroveland. George B. Bradley, Methuen.

179

David Stiles, Middleton. Henry A. Hale, Salem.
"William Little, Newbury. John F. Smith, Salisbury,
Wm. H. Bayley, Newburyp't. Samuel Hawkes, Saugus.
Albert Berry, No. Andover. David Warren, Swampscott.
Francis H. Appleton,Peab'dy Salmon D. Hood, Topsfield.
Andrew Lane, Rockport. Zachariah Cole, Wenham.
Thos. P. Hale, Rowley. Oscar Go wen, W. Newbury.

68— NEW MEMBERS— 1888.

LambertHollander,Amesbury.E. E. Bray, Lynn.
Austin Whitcomb, Beverly. W. L. Lamphier, Lynn.
Luther Woodbury, Beverly. S. S. Ireson, Lynn.
Hiram L. Burpee, Bradford. Henry H. Breed, Lynn.
Oliver Roberts, Danvers. Lyman A. May, Lynn.
W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers. Eli Jepson, Lynn.
William Bradstreet, Danvers. M. V". B. Mower, Lynn.
Geo. S. Weston, Georgetown. J. C. Wilson, Lynn.
Chas. H. Walker,Georgetown.Benj. A. Ward, Lynn.
Everett K. Brown, Ipswich. Ebenezer Beckford, Lynn.
Walter F. Gould, Ipswich. Fred II . Bates, Lynn.
James W. Joyce, Lawrence. H. S. Nichols, Lynn.
Amos F. Breed, Lynn. A. P. Aldrich, Lynn.

Joseph A. Lamper, Lynn. Q. A. Townes, Lynn.

Joseph E. Butman, Lynn.
James W. Ingalls, Lynn.
Frank W. Mace, Lynn.
Jacob M. Lewis, Lynn.
Joseph E. Mockett, Lynn.
Walter B. Allen, Lynn.
James L. Willey, Lynn.
Jacob A. Johnson, Lynn.
Henry A. Heath, Lynn.
Herbert L. Rounds, Lynn.
James Heath, Lynn.
Jobn Sheehan, Lynn.
Wm. W. Butman, Lynn.
A. A. Mower, Lynn.
Wm. A. Bray, Lynn.

B. Frank Phillips, Lynn.
George H. Breed, Lynn.
Charles H. Ramsdell, Lynn.-
Edward F. Dyer, Lynn.
Richard McBride, Lynn.
Fred I. Hopkins, Lynn.
John H. McKenney, Lynn.
A. W. Clougb, Marblehead.
Benj. H. Taylor, Peabody.
Amos L. Ames, Peabody.
Wm. E. Sheen, Peabody.
George II. King, Peabody.
Robert H. Wilson, Peabody.
E. L. Blake, Peabody.
Arthur C. Buxton, Peabody.

i8o

<J. B. Haven, Peabody. Nathan R. Morse, Salem.

K. F. Morris, Peabody. *John Flye, Saugus.

John Mahoney, Rowley. Geo. J. Peirce, W. Newbury.

George W. Creesy, Salem. Mrs. C. W. Gowen, W.Newb'y.

George Chase, Salem. Henry H. Johnson, W.Newb'y

*Added tu list by Trustees.

CHANGES REPORTED IN 1888.

Andover — Francis Gulliver to Binghampton, N. Y.
Beverly — "William Lord to Salem, Mass.
Danvers — Henry C. Allen to Keene, N. H.

Henry Bodge to Peabody (West), Mass.
George E. Johnson to Ipswich.
Wm. B. Morgan to Wenham.
•Groveland — Walter S. Peabody to Bradford.

George S. Walker to Newburyport.
William F. Whitmore to Salem.
Lawrence — Virgil Dow to Methuen.

Charles W. Shattuck to Winchester.
Lynn — E. H. Merrill to Salem.
Methuen — Frank J. Bradley to Haverhill.
Middleton — O. Loring Carlton to Danvers.
Newburyport — George F. Merrill to North Hampton, N. H.
North Andover — Loring B. Rea to Mills City, Mont.
Peabody — Henry Gardner to Salem.

Winsor M. Ward to Wakefield
Rockport — R. P. Mills to Abbott, Colorado.

Beaman C. Smith to Charlestown.
Salem — Randall Andrews to Lynn.

Francis W. Lyford to Danvers.
Topsheld — Joseph T. Stanwood to Maiden.
fcYenham — Charles 0. Putnam to Hamilton.
F. A. Whitman to Lexington.

i8i

CORRECTIONS OF L880— LIST.

Essex — Grover Dodge died in 1885.

Groveland— J. B. B. Ladd should be J. B. P. Ladd,

Haverhill—]). F. Fitts died in 1883.

Ipswich — Isaiah H. Rogers should be Isaiah A.

Lawrence — Charles Shattuck should be Charles W.

George Hills should be George W.
Lynn — Charles E. Fry should be Charles C.

H. C. Whippen died April 2, 1885.
Manchester — Arthur M. Merriman should be Arthur] jVL

Merriam.
North Andover — J. Ralph Farnhani died Aug. 31, 1885.

Members of Essex Agricultural Society,

DECEMBER, 1888.

Previous printed list was in 18S6', errors in which have been
corrected in 1887 and 1888 Keports. If any errors are dis-
covered iu the following list, please report them to the Secre-
tary. Trustees are requested to report deaths of members as
soon as they occur, with printed notice, when convenient.

Bailey, 0. S.
Burbank, C. U.
Cammetj Samuel
Chesley, M. B.
Chesley, John P.
Currier, W. H. B.
Feltch, Elbridge S.
Gale, Edmund

AMESBURY— 22.

Gale, Foster

Goodwin, E. A.

Hill, Albert C.

Hill, J. Henry

Hollander, Lambert True, Eben

Huntington, B. F. Vining, William F.

Little, J. P.

Lane, T. W.

Morse Daniel L.
Osborne, dona. If.
Sawyer, Aaron
Tibbets, William B.

Abbott, James J.
Abbott, Nathan F.
Abbott, Moses B.
Abbott, Hartwell B,
Abbott, John B.
Andrews, M. < '.
Barnard, Edwin H.
Bailey, Moses A.
Bailey, Samuel H.
Bean, Samuel G.
Blunt, Charles < '.
Blunt, J. H.
Bod well, It. A.
Buchan, George
Buchan, George W.
Buttertield, J. P.

AXDoVER— 48.

Callahan, Robert
Carter, Charles L.
( 'arruth, Isaac
Chandler, Joshua II
Cheever, James 0.
Cummings, C. 0.
Downing, J. J.
Flint, John H.
Foster, George W.
Foster, Moses
Foster, George C.
Harriman, Thos. P.
I lay ward, Henry A.
Hidden, David I. C.
Holt, E. F.
Holt, Joseph S.

Holt, Ballard
Jenkins, John B.
Jenkins, E. Kendall
Johnson, Francis If.
Johnson, S. K.
Mason, George F.
Morton, Marcus
Noyes, Henry P.
Rea, .las per
Ripley, George
Smith, James B.
Smith, .John L.
Smith, Peter D.
Smith, Benjamin F.
Thayer, Samuel
Upton, Edward C.

Appleton, Nathan I).
Appleton, Isaac
Avery, Mark B.
Baker, John I.
Bennett, Robert < i.
Bliss, Edgar J.
Burnham, < >. 1!.
Carter, John W.
('lark, George
Clark Peter E.
Connelley, Stephen
Cressy, Joseph
Danforth, E. F.
])odge, Andrew
Dodgv, Benjamin X.
Dodge, Benjamin S.
Dodge, Joshua S.
Dodge, Forest C.
Dodge, Walter F.
Elliot, John T.

BEVERLY— 60.

Foster, David L.
Foster, Henry W.
Foster, William A.
Foster. William B.
Friend, Seth
Giles, Benjamin V.
Gould, Thomas
Haven, Franklin
Herrick, Joseph II.
Hill, Hugh
Lee, Asa F.
Lord, Cyrus W.
Lawrence, C. A.
Loring, Augustus P
Lovett, Francis S.
Lovett, John W.
Lummus, E. E.
Mason, Alfred A.
Mason, George
Mason, Lyman

Mayo, Josiah
Mitchell, John
Morse, John T.
Munsey, John G.
Paine, Charles C.
Phillips, Mrs. J. C.
Pickett, Charles
Pitman, Mark
Pope. Jasper
Porter, Adoniram
Preston, Ezra
Raymond, John W.
Stephens, Augustus
Swasey, E.
Trask, J. G.
Trask, Joseph W.
Walker, Lawson
Waters, William C.
Whitcomb, Austin
Woodbury, Luther jr.

Anderson, Chas. R.
Andrew. Isaac W.
Austin, George B.
Barnes, B. S.
Chadwick, Geo. W.
Ohadwick. James W
Parkhurst, John
Parkhurst, John W.
Pearl, Edw. E.

BOXFORD— 26.

Cleveland, James P,
Cole, David M.
Cole, John K.
Cole, Warren M.
Cole, Win, Kimball
Day. Isaac C.
Pearl, John M.
Pearl, John
Perley, Charles

Day, Mrs. John
Herrick, Israel
Killam, Oliver P.
Ladd, John I.
Xason, James H.
Sawyer, Thomas
Styles, Charles F.
Wood, John T.

Bradstreet , J ustin E
Burpee, Hiram L.
Cogswell, Doane
Cogswell, George

Cogswell, William
Day, Albert J.
Ellis, John A.
Emerson, Charles B.
Gage, Edwin Y.
Hale, II. II.

BRADFORD— 38.

Hazel tine, Charles Kimball W. Eustace
Hazeltine, John Kimball, M. Tenney
Hilton, William Kingsbury, John D.
Hopkinson, Sam'l W.Knight, Albert H.
Johnson, Charles G. Ladd, B. G.
Johnson, Laburton Ladd, George AY.
Kimball, Albert Little, Mrs. M. P.
Kimball, A. LaburtonOrdway, Alfred
Kimball, Leverett Peabody, Walter S.
Kimball, Win. B. Peabody, Frank

1 84

Peabody, Daniel Poor, Charles H. Wales, Herbert E.
Perley, John Tewksbury, John B. Webster, Charles E.

Phillips, G. FranklinThornton, William

DANVERS— 110.

Armitage, John S. Kirby, Patrick
Bartlett, James A. Langley, J. R.
Berry, Allen A. Learoyd, A. P.

Berry, Eben (i. Lefavour, Mrs.

Batchelder, J. Q. A.Legro, Edmund
Bradstreet, Elijah Legro, John C. P.
Bodge, Horatio Lyford, Francis W.

Bradstreet, William Massey, Dudley A.
Brown, William H. Martin George B.

Boardman, I. P.
Butler, J. C.
Clark, N. J.
Carlton. 0. Loring
Carlton, Win. B.
Day, Clarence
Dempsey, L. P.
Dodge, Elnathan
Dodge, Francis

McCrillis,Ransom F
Merrill, Walter S.
Morrison, L. L.
Mudge, Edwin
Mudge, Augustus
Nichols, Andrew
Nichols, Andrew jr
Newhall, Benj. E.
O'Neal, T. H.

Eaton, Winslow W. Patch, Abraham
Fellows, Alfred Peabody, George H,

Fisher, Franklin W. Peart, William B.
Fowler. Augustus Perley, Dean A.
Fuller, Solomon Perley, Edward P.
Gould, Charles H. Perkins, Henry A.
Grosvenor, David A. Perkins, Warren G.

Grout, John
Gustin, John H.
Hill, Edward L.
Hood, R. B.
Hood, Joseph E.

Perkins, William P,
Perry, George S.
Pettingill, David A.
Pillsbury, H. H.
Pope, Ira P.

Hutchinson, EdwardPorter, Benjamin F.
Hutchinson, W. P. Pratt, Amos
Jacobs, Wm. A. Preston, Charles H.
Jackson, Eben Putnam, Ansel W.

Juul, Conrad Putnam, Edwin Ft

Kimball, Francis 0. Putnam, Israel II.
Kimball, Joel jr. Putnam, Joseph C.

Putnam. John A.
Putnam, Joel
Putnam, Otis F.
Pratt, George
Pratt, Samuel S.
Porter, John W.
Pope, Daniel P.
Proctor, Nathan P.
Richardson, James
.Richards, C. S.
Richards, George D.
Roberts, Oliver
Rollins, Jonas
Ropes, Joseph E.
Rice, Chas. B.
Sears, John A.
Spaulding, Sam'l W.
Swinerton. John
Smart, John L.
Spring, Jacob E.
Tapley, George
Tapley, Gilbert A.
Trask, Alfred M.
Upton, Franklin W.
Verry, Augustus
Verry, Henry
Walcott, Wm. H.
Waldron, E. T.
Warren, Aaron W.
Weston, Wm. L.
Weston, Mrs. L. P.
White, Henry A.
Woodis, Alden B.
Woodman, Edw. E.
Whipple, John F.
Wilkins, Fred'k A.

Andrews, Elias
Andrews, Joseph

ESSEX— 18.

Burnham,D.Brain'rdBurnham, Wm.Howe
Burnham. Wash. Choate, Rufus

Cogswell, Chas. B.
Haskell, David L.
Haskell, George
Knowlton, Aaron

Knowlton, Moses Low, Aaron
Knowlton, HerbertA. Low, Josiah
Knowlton, Perry B, Lufkin, A. E.
Lee, Edward K. McDonald, Daniel

GEORGETOWN— 26.

Bateinan, A. P. Nelson, Sherman

Butler, Oliver S. Nelson, William
Chapman, JonathanOsgood, Stephen
Harriman, Hiram N. Per ley, David E.
Hoyt, John A. Pettingill, Henry

Hoyt, Martin L. Pillsbury, J.

Huse, Ralph C.
Illsley, J. Adams
Marble. Nathaniel

Poor, Samuel T.
Preston, John
Lid ley, Amos

Spofford, Sumner P.
Tenney, George J.
Tenney, Gorham D.
Tenney, Moses
Tenney. Orlando B.
Tidd, Luther P.
Weston, George S.
Wheeler, William S.

GLOUCESTER— 81.

Babson, Fitz J.
Babson, Horatio
Babson, Osman
Barrett, Charles P.
Bennett, Charles
Bradford, George R,
Brown, Edward H.
Burn ham, A. M.
Burnham, H. A.
Burnham, S. A.
Calef, John C.
Carter, John S.
Carter, Sherman J.
Clark, John
Cole, Israel H.
Conant, Thomas
Cook, Benjamin F.
Corliss, Benjamin H.
Corliss, John
Cronin, John
Curtis, Samuel jr.
Dale, Eben
Davis, James
Davis, William P.
Dennen, George
Dodd, Stephen
Dolliver, John S.

Dolliver, William C.
Dolliver, William P.
Fears, Robert R.
Ferguson, Thos. B.
Foster, Jeremiah
Friend, Elbridge G.
Garland, Joseph
Griffin, Bennett
( ! rover, Charles E.
Harvey, Alonzo F.
Haskell, H. C. L.
Haskell, William H
Her rick, Gardner W
Knowles, Thomas J
Lane, Andrew
Lane, George
Lawrence, R. C.
Lovett, John H.
Low, David W.
Low. Frederic F.
Ma it, Chester jr.
Mayo, Israel 0.
Norwood, George
Parsons, W. Frank
Pattillo, Alexander
Pew, William A.
Phillips, N. H.

Plumer, David
Presson, David S.
Presson, Alfred
Price, Augustus E.
Procter, Joseph O.
Proctor, Wilbur F.
Ricker, Richard W.
Roberts, Joshua
Rogers, Allan
Rogers, John S.
Rust, William P.
.San ford, H. G.
.Sawyer, Samuel F.
.Shepherd, Joseph C.
Somes, John E.
Stacy, John II.
Stanwood, Barnard
Story, Cyrus
Thompson, Chas. P.
Webster, Nathaniel
Wetherell, M. L.
Wilson, John J.
Witham, Addison
Wonson,AugustusH.

Wouson, F. G.

Wonson, George M.

Wonson, J. W.

i86

Atwood, Moses P.

Balch, Thomas H.

Curtis, Edwin T.

Fegan, Henry C.

George, Edwin B.

George, Samuel B.

Harrington, EdwardMerrill, Burton E.

Harriman, Moses H. Barker, Eldrecl S.

Harriman, Abel S.

GROVELAND— 25.

Hopkinson, W. H.
Ladd, J. B. P.
Ladd, Nathaniel E.
Longfellow, N.
Longfellow, Samuel
Marti no, Philip H.

Pemberton, L. K.
Savary, Charles P.
Spofford, Henry H.
Stacy, Edward M.
Stickney, Abel
Tenney, George H.
Wardwell, Z.C.
Woodbury, Louis A.

Abbott, Joseph B.
Allen, Francis R.
Brown, William A.
Creamer, George G.
Dane, Ephraiin A.
Dane, George E. F.
Dane, John jr.
Dane, William A.
Dane, Sylvester
Dodge, Emerson P.

HAMILTON— 2S.

Dodge, George B.
Dunnels, Ira A.
Ellis, George W.
Gibney, George H.
Kimball, Isaac W.
Knowlton, Franklin
Knowlton, Isaac F.
Knowlton, Joseph
Lamson, Jarvis

Norris, George
Norwood, C. J.
Patch, Mrs. Oliver
Putnam, Charles 0.
Rankin, Eli C.
Robinson, E. P.
Safford, Daniel E.
Smith, Alvin
Whipple, Em. A..

Barnes, B. Frank
Berry, J. M.
Blake, J. Albert
Bodwell, Stephen
Brickett, Barnard
Brickett, Daniel
Butters, Charles
Caldwell, William
Chase, Abel W.
Chase, C. W.
Cheever, H. W.
Cook, Justin T.
Corliss, Charles
Currier, Samuel M.
Davis, James
Dewhurst, James
Eaton, B. F.
Eaton, Harrison
Elliott, Samuel
Elliott, Samuel II.
Emerson, Albert

HAVERHILL— so.

Emerson, E. A.
Emery, Benjamin E,
Farns worth, J. H.
Fellows, Samuel
Fellows, C. H.
Flanders, Daniel D.
Frost, Henry
Gale. John E.
Goodwin, Rufus
Hale, Edward
Hanson, M. W.
Haseltine, Amos jr.
Heath, Albert
Hooke, Daniel
Howe, Moses
Ingalls, E. T.
Lackey, Andrew
Little, E. C.
Little, J. G. S.
Marsh, John -J .
Mitchell, E.

Mitchell, Seth K.
Moody, H. L.
Morse, John H.
Morse, C. E.
Merrill, Giles
Nichols, John B.
Nichols, J. B.
Ordway, Joshua H.
Peabody, Stephen
Peters, Daniel
Poore, F. W.
Porter, Dudley
Ouinby, T. W.
Randall, John P.
Richardson, John B.
Ridge way, Jos. N.
Rhodes, C. N.
Sanders, Thomas
Smith, Geo. S.
Sprague, W. W.
Stewart, John

iS7

Swett, Jackson B.
Taylor, Levi
Taylor, Martin
Taylor, Oliver
Titcomb, Beniah
Wadleigh, Levi C.

Webster, Ebenezer
Webster, E. F.
Webster, Richard
West, H.K.
West, James F.
West, Thomas

Wheeler, Allison
White, James D.
Whittier, Alvah
Whittier, Warner B.
Winchell, James H.

IPSWICH— 44.

Appleton, Francis B
Appleton, Daniel F
Baker, S. N. jr.
Bond, James \V.
Brown, Everett K.
Brown, S. Albert
Brown, John
Brown, William G.
Caldwell, Abraham
Clark, Erastus
Fall, Tristram B.
Fellows, Alonzo B.
Gonld, John J.
Gould, Walter F.
Grant, Joshua B.

Ames, M. 15.
Bod well, Asa M.
Cabot, George 1).
Currier, Eben B.
Currier, J. Merrill
Drew, J. D.
Durant, W. A.
Flynn, Edward
French, A. J.
Gilman, Frederick
Goodwin, John
Goodwin, Patrick

Green, George H.
Haggerty, D. L.
Haskell, George
Hobbs. John
Hodgdon, George

Perkins, Isaac E. B.

Perley, David T.

Reddy, Michael

Rogers, Isaiah A.

Ross, Joseph
Ilodgkins, AugustineRutherford. Aaron A.
Horton, Joseph Shatswell, Nathaniel

Johnson, George E. Smith, Webster
Jordan. Mrs. RobertStone, Augustine
Kimball, Daniel Story, Alden

Kinnear, James Treadwell, William

Kinsman, Joseph F. Underbill, J. C.
Kinsman. William H.Wade, Asa
Kinsman, Willard F. Whittier, Maynard
Marshall, Joseph

LAWRENCE— 36.

Goodwin, Francis
Halley, T. D.
Herrick, H. G.
Hills, George W.
Hood, Gilbert E.
Holt, Lewis G.
Hubbard, Leavitt
Joyce, James W.
Keleher, W. A.
Lewis, S. T.
McAllister, J. G.
Merrill, George S.

J.Page, E. F.
Patterson, D. H.
Richardson, E. P.
Robinson, P. B.
Rollins, John R.
Russell, George W.
Russell, W. A.
Saunders, Daniel
Small, Henry
Victor, F. M.
Wellman, John R.
Wright, W. H. P.

Aldrich, A. P.
Allen, Walter B.
Andrews, Randall
Baker, Ezra
Bates Edwin

LYNN— 92.

Bates, Fred H. Berry, Benj. J.

Bates, Wallace Bray, E. E.

Beckford, Ebenezer Bray, Wm. A.
Beede, C. O. Breed, Amos F.

Berry, Henry N. Breed, George H.

1 88

Breed, Henry H.
Breed, Richard
Butraan, Joseph E.
Butman, Wm, W.
Chase, L. H.
Chase, Amos F.
Cross, Alfred
Cressey, John S.
Dwyer, Edward F.
Emery, George E.
Farrar, Jos. E.
Foster, George
Fry, Charles 0.
Goodell, J. W.
Harnden, Henry C.
Harris, N. S.
Hawkes, Nathan M
Heath, Henry A.
Heath, James
Hill, E. L.
Hopkins, Fred I.
Hovey, Rufus P.
Ingalls, James W.
Ireson, S. S.
Johnson, Jacob A.
Jepson, Eli

Kimball, Rufns
King, W. P.
Lainphier, Joseph A
Lamphier, W. L.
Mace, Frank W.
Marsh, George E.
Marsh, S. E.
May, Lyman A.
McBrien, Richard
McKenney, John H.
Merritt, Timothy
Mockett, Joseph E.
Mower, A. A.
Mower, M. V. B.
Mudge, John
Neal, Peter M.
Newhall, Asa T.
Newhall, G. A.
Newhall, Hiram L.
Newhall, George T.
Nichols, H. S.
Nichols, Otis
Nichols, Thomas P.
Norris, George jr.
Noyes, Geo. C.
Oliver, John E.

Parsons. Charles E,
Pevear, G. K.
.Pevear, H. A.
Phillips, B. Frank
Potter, Edward P.
Preble, J. H.
Ramsdell, Charles H.
Rogers, Ira D.
Roney, Simon J.
Rounds, Herbert L.
Rowell, B. W.
Sargent, George D.
Sheehan, John
Shorey, John L.
Shorey, George L.
Sawyer, ,J. A. J.
Townes, Q. A.
Tyler, Thaddeus W.
Usher, Roland G.
Ward, Benj. A.
Whipple, Geo. H.
Willey, James L.
Wilson, J. C.
Winslow, Aaron
Winslow, G. W.

Bancroft, J. K.
Brown, Joseph
Cox, Thomas E. jr.
Cooper, C. A.
Danforth, John M.
Hawkes, George L.

LYNNFIELD— 16.

Herrick, George E.
Mansfield, Andrew
Monroe, Harry W.
Monroe, Wilbur J,
Newhall, Frank

Perkins, John
Perkins, John H.
Roundy, George M.
Roundy, W. R.
Smith, Henry E.

Allen, Luther

Allen, Wm. H.

Baker, John

Burnham, Frederick Lee, Allen

Cheever, John H.

MANCHESTER— 13.

Cheever, William M.Merriam, Arthur M.
Coolidge, T.Jefferson Price, John
Friend, Daniel W. Rabardy, Julius F.
Sturgis, Russell

1 89

MAKBLEHEAD— 15.

Alley, Amos P. Cronin, Michael Hathaway, Seth W.

Appleton, Thomas Dennis, W. John Paine, Thomas W.
Childs, Caleb Gregory, J. J. H. Phillips, Wm. S. jr.

Clough, A. W. Hathaway, Amos C. Ware, Benjamin P.

Clontman. B. Henry Hathaway,Joseph B.Ware, Horace

Adams, George
< Jhase, William
•Clement, M. G.
England, John J.
Haskell, Wm. H.

MERRIMAC— 14.

Lond, L. C.
Nichols, Chas. H.
Pike, James D.
Sargent, M. Perry
Sargent, Bailey

Sargent, Geo. AY.
Sargent, P. Willis
Sawyer, Thomas C.
Tewksbury, D. M.

Bradley, George B.
Buswell, Joseph E.
Butters, George A.
Butters, W. H.
Currier, Daniel
Crosby, John S.
Dow, Virgil
Emerson, Jacob jr.
Frederick, John W.
Gage, George W.

METHUEN— 28.

George, John H.
Gutterson, B. G.
Goss, Chas. E.
How, Joseph
How, Joseph S.
Mann, C. W.
Morrison, D. T.
Nevins, Henry C.
Noyes, David W.

Pedlar, S. J.
Phippen, G. S.
Parker, Jas. 0.
Bogers, William M.
Sargent, S. G.
Sleeper, Wm. C.
Smith, Walter
Thurlow, J. E.
Tozier. C. L.

MIDDLETON— 14.

Berry, William Phelps, William A. Stewart, Mrs. S. A.

Christopher, Wm. P.Stiles, David Weston, Solomon W.

Currier, George A. Stiles, Earnum Wilkins, George P.

Flint, James Stiles, Mrs. Earnum Wilkins, Lyman S.

Hutchinson; J. A. Stiles, Hiram A.

NAH ANT— 1 .

Goodale, Byron

190

Adams, Charles W.
Adams, Daniel P.
Adams, George W.
Adams, dames K.
Bray, Richard S.
Bray, George W.
Boynton, Charles
Coffin, Wm. P.
Colrnan, Moses
Dole, Nathaniel
Hale, Stephen P.
Howard, Horatio M
Ilsley, Edwin
Ilsley, Paul M.
Ilsley, Joseph
Jaques, Richard
Jaques, Richard T.
Jaques, William
.Jones, "William

NEWBURY— 55.

Kent, John N.
Kent, Edward
Knight, Edward S.
Little, Carleton
Little, Edward F.
Little, George
Little, Joseph
Little, Nathaniel jr.
Little, "William
Little, AVm. Burke

Noyes, dust in
Noyes, Horace P.
Noyes, James
Noyes, Luther
Noyes, Moses K.
Perkins, Wm. W.
Perkins, Frank
Perkins, Paul A.
Plummer, Daniel
Plummer, George H.

Longfellow, HoraeeF. Randall, George A.
.Longfellow, Joseph Rogers, Abial

Longfellow, Jos. Mrs. Rolfe, Joseph N.

Lucy, Gideon R.
Lunt, Charles M.
Moody, Nath'l W.
Newman, Sidney F.
Noyes, Edwin P.

Tenney, Henry L.

Tenney, Elbridge
Tenney, Daniel G.
Toomey, Mathew H.
Woods, Charles W.

NEWBURYPORT— TO.

Adams, Philip D.
Adams, -1. Quincy
Adams, Rufus
Akerman, Joseph
Allen, John W.
Balch, John H.
Ballon, C. N.
Bartlett, Chas. S.
Bartlett, T. K.
Batchelder, Dan'l C
Bayley, Wm. H.
■Cash man, Jeremiah
( lapers, Thomas
■Colby, George J. L.
Currier, Warren
Colby, George W.
Colrnan, dames C.
Column, William T.
Cook. T. N.
Cutter, Eben P.
Delano, Otis
Evans, Frank W.
Griffin, Eliphalet
Hale, -Joshua

Hamlet, Daniel
Hart, James S.
Hewett, C. C.
Huff, William
Jackmau, George W
Johnson, Wm. R.
Kent, Otis L.
Knights, George W.
Knight, Joseph
.Lewis, Samuel W.
Little, Hector
Little, John G.
Lunt, Charles
Maguire, C. N.
Merrill, Enoch
Morrison, Daniel T.
Moseley, Edward A.
Moseley, Edward S.
Mosely, Fred'k S.
Moulton, Henry W.
Moulton, Joseph
Nelson, David 0. jr.
Newhall, Asa T.

Northend, E. T.
Noyes, Isaac P.
Ordway, A. D.
Ordway, Parsons
Perley, R. M.
Perkins, Charles
Plummer, Moses A.
Plummer, Wm. C.
Rowe, D. T.
Sargent, John W.
Smith, David
Smith, Joseph B.
Smith, Robert A.
Stanley, B. F.
Stanley, J. C.
Titcomb, Albert
Tilton, Enoch
Titcomb, Paul
Toppan, Edward S.
Winkley, J. Otis
Winkley, Paul T.
Winkley, Raul T. jr.
Walker, George S.

IQI

NO. ANDOVER— 53.

Adams, Edward
Berry, Albert
Blake, J. P.
Bodwell, S. B.
Buttertield, Chas. A
Bassett, Leon H.
Barker, John
Carlton, Daniel
Carlton, 1 >aniel A.
Crosby, Josiah
Chever. William J.
Davis, George G.
Davis, George E.
Davis, George L.
Dale, William J.
Dale, William J. jr.
Earn ham, B. H.
Earnham, Byron K.

Earnham, Mrs. B. H.
Earnham, Jacob
Earnham, J. L.
Farnham, W. Benj.
.Foster, J. Frank
Foster, John P.
Foster, Orrin
French, J. D. W.
Fuller, Abijah P.
Goodhue, Hiram P.
Greene, E. W.
Goodwin, John 0.
Holt, Peter jr.
Jenkins, Benj. F.
Jenkins, Milon S.
Johnson, James T.
Johnson, Charles F.
Kittredge, Hannah E

Loring, Geo. B. jr.
Manion, John
Montgomery, Jas. A.
Osgood, Isaac F.
Peters, Nathaniel
Phillips, Willard P.
Poor, James C.
Reynolds, James H.
Riley, Henry
Robinson, AddisonM.
Stevens, Moses T.
Stevens, Oliver
Sutton, Eben
Symonds, Frederick
AVilson, Abiel
Wardwell, T. 0.
Wiley, John A.

Appleton, Francis H.
Ames, Amos L.
Bancroft, Sidney C.
Barrett, E. Pope
Barrett, Edward P.
Bodge, Henry
Buxton, Henry Y.
Brown, Bufus H.
Brown, Lewis
Bushby, X. A.
Batchelder, Cyrus T,
Brown, W. H.
Brown, R. S.
Blake, E. L.
Blaney, Stephen
Buxton, Arthur C.
Buxton, Robert G.
Buxton, Simon P.
Carroll, Thomas
Chadwick, OrvilleB.
Clark, A. B.
Cody, James F.
Colcord, d. L.
Cummings, Daniel
Curtis, Andrew
Dole, William T.
Durkee, T. C.
Emerton, C. S.

PEABODY— 83.

Foster, Ira
Foster, George M.
Goodale, Jacob 0.
Goodale, J. P.
Hayes, Andrew J.
Haven, C. B.
Hills, Benjamin M.
Herrick, John E.
Hoag, Charles E.
Hubbard, A. J.

Xourse, Samuel W.
Osborne, Abraham C.
Osborn, Lyman
Osgood, William E.
O'Keefe, Timothy
Pepper, George W.
Preston, Levi
Quint, Nicholas M.
Raddin, Alonzo
Richardson, W. B.

Hutchinson, SamuelRogers, Jacob C.
Hutchinson, C. K. Saltonstall, Henry

King, George H.
King, J. Augustus
King, James P.
King, Jonathan
Linehan, John
Little, William H.
Marsh, Fred.
Mansfield, E.

Sheen, William E.
Southwick, Sumner
Swett, Samuel
Taylor, Benjamin H.
Taylor, George W.
Thomas, Josiah B.
Twiss, Everett M.
Yiles, Bowman

Mansfield, Arthur W.Walcott, John G.
Marsh, Frank Wallace, David B.

Marsh, James Walton, George D.

Merrill, Amos Wheeler, Benj. S.

Morris, E. E. Whipple, Horace P.

Needham, George A.Wiley, William F.
Needham, Joseph S.Wilson, Robert H.
Xowhall, ( trlando F.

*Blatchford, Eben
Estes, Alden C.
•Gott, Daniel S.
Lane, Andrew
Lane, Andrew jr.
Lane, Horace

192

ROCKPORT— 17.

Low, Mrs. Martha J. Xor wood, Govham
Low, William Patch. William H.

Manning, James Smith, Allen
Manning, John J. Smith. William H.
Manning, William N.Smith, Solomon
Marshall. John W.

ROWLEY— 22.

Bartlett, B. W. Hale, T. P.

'Blodgette. George B.Keyes, Eben S.
Daniels, George E. Lambert, Mary G.

Dodge, Joseph D.
Dummer, Xath'l X
Hale, Clara A.
Hale, Daniel H.
Hale, Thomas

Mahoney, John
Mighill, Charles P.
Pike, John
Prime, Daniel 15.

Potter, Edward H.
Stockbridge, Seth
Stockbridge, A. J.
Tenney, John H.
Todd, Frank P.
Todd, John V.
Todd, J. Scott

SALEM— 73.

Andrews. Samuel P.Hale, Henry
Almy, James F. t Hale, Henry A.
Abbott, Xathauiel Horton, X. A.
Barton, Gardner Ives, John S.
'Curwen, James B. Jones, Samuel G.
Chamberlain, JamesKinsman, John
Chase, George Kemble, Arthur

Curwen. Samuel H. Lamson, Frederick
Clark, Charles S. Lord, William
Collins. Wm. F. M. Loring, George B.
•Creesy, George W. Lander, William A.
Daland, John Mack, William

Endicott, William C. Manning, Robert
Felt, John Merrill, E. H.

Foore, Caleb Merritt, David

Foster, Joseph C. Morse, E. Henry
Foster, William H
Foster, William J

XTewcomb, Caleb
Xorthend. Wm. D.

Goodhue, William P.Peabody, John P.

Cray, Benjamin A. Perkins, E. R

■Gibney, John

Gardner, D. B.
Gardner, Henry
Hathaway, John
Hanson, Clement R.

Putnam, Henry W.
Phippen, George D.
Potter, Daniel
Potter, William

Pingree, David
Pettingell, George
Pickering, Wm., jr.
Page, John G.
Page, James E.
Pickering, Benjamin
Robinson, John
Ropes, Charles A.
Rogers, A. D.
Reynolds, Henry E.
Rowell, E. F.
Ropes, John C.
Saunders, Robert J.
Shreve, 0. B.
Spencer, Charles P.
Swasey, John A.
Streeter, Gilbert L.
Tracey, Patrick
Ware, Horace ( '.
Wheatland, Henry
White, Frank W.
Whitmore, Wm. F.
Waters, David 1*.
Wyman, Isaac C.

Bartlett, Moses J.
Dole, Edward G.
Dow, George A.
Eaton, John H.
Evans, John Q.

193
SALISBURY— li>.

Getchell, N. Tracy
Greeley, Farmer H,
Greenleaf, Win. H.
Littlefield, Hiram
Morrill, Abram L.

Pettengill, Wesley
Pettengill,John Q. A.
Smith, John F.
Thornton, Robert
True, P. Albert

Blodgett, J. W.
Faxon, M. B.
Flye, John
George, Henry M.

SAUGUS— 12.

Hawkes, Samuel
Hawkes, Loais P.
Hill, Alfred C.

Newhall, Joseph

Noble, William
Penney, George H.

Newhall, Herbert B. Whitehead, Joseph

Crosman, S. F.
Holden, Philander
Pettmgell, L. D.

SWAMPSCOTT— 9.

Pettingell, S. J.
Rowe, Allen
Washbnrne, John

Warren, David
Warren, Mrs. N. J.

TOPSFIELD— 20.

Averill, George F. Leach, Charles H.

BjXcuelder/T.WilsonLeach, Thomas K.

Billings. Augustus T. Manning, James

Bra (street, Dadley Mason, Alphonso

H. ri-ick, Charles Peabody, Charles J.Wilson, James

H )■> 1, 6 Union D. Pike, Baxter P. Woodbury, Isaac M.

Lainbun, J. Arthur Poole, Benjamin

Towne, Frank H.
Ward, Richard
Wildes, Moses
Wildes, Eugene L.

Alley, Henry
Cole, Zacariah
Conant, John P.
Day, Everett K.
Demsey, H. H.
Dodge, Robert F.
Dodge, George F.

WEN HAM— 19.

Dodge, William P. Pingree, David
Edwards, Francis R. Peabody, George
Hobbs, A. F. Parsons, George W.

Hobbs, Henry Patch, Henry

Kavanagh, J. Perkins, Nathan'l P.

Morgan, William B. Tilton, George H.

WEST NEWBURY— 46.

Bailey, William P. Boynton, Eben M.
Bailey, Lawrence H. Brown, llayden
Bartlett, M. Walsh Bryant, William

Carr, E. Dole
Carr, Samuel
Follansbee, B. A.

194

Flook, George L. Merrill. William Ordway, Charles W.

Goodridge, David L.Merrill, William E. Peirce, George J.

Goodridge, H. M. Merrill. Henry Peirce, Henry J.

Gordon, J. K. Moore, Alfred L. Poore, Moses H.

Gowen, Mrs. C. W. Nason, Ezekiel G. Poore, Amos

Gowen, Francis H. Nason, Henry F. Poore, George H.

Gowen, Oscar Nelson, Daniel P. Rogers, Calvin

Jacques, Romulus Newell, Richard Rogers, George C.

Jacques, Stephen A.Noyes, Stephen E. Stanwood, Moses 1'.

Johnson, Henry H. Ordward, Cyrus D. Talton, John C.

King, T. J. Ordway, Cyrus K. Thnrlow, Thomas C.

Lane, Isaac N. Ordway, Thomas G. Titcomb, Silas M. G.

NON-RESIDENTS— 129.

Allen, Henry C, Keene, N. H.Farrell, Edwin C:, Reading
Alley, James E. Felton, Win. H. Sherborn

Babson, Gustavus, Jr., Se\vard,Fernald, Henry B., Washington.

Neb. Flint, Charles L., Boston

Balch, Eustis, California Flint, Horace P., Boston

Balch, William H., Maiden Foster, James B., Melrose
Barker, John G., Boston Fowler, W. W., Plymouth

Beckford, C. II., Boston French, Charles, Davenport, 0.

Black, James D., Harvard French, Geo. H., Davenport, 0.
Blunt, J. Milton, Springfield Gannett, W. W., Boston
Bodwell, Henry A.,Keene,N.H.Gaffney, Cornelius, So. Boston.
Bodwell, Jos. R.,Hallovvell,Me.Gilman, S. E., Kingston, N. H.
Brackett, H. Clarke, Virginia Gookin, Samuel F., Boston
Burnham, Choate, Boston Green, John A., New York

Burnham, Ira T., Lexington Greene, Arthur M. Philadelphia
Butler, Benjamin F., Lowell Gulliver, Francis, Binghampton;
Caldwell, L., Jacksonville, Fla. N. Y.
Campbell, Charles H., New Ro-Hadley, William, Boston

chelle, N. Y. Hale, Joseph S., Lugonia, San

Carey, James, Quincy Bernadino Co., Cal.

Carey, James, New York Hayes, J. F. C, Iowa

Chapin, W. C, Providence, R.I.Hicock, S. S., Rochester, N. H.
Chase, Joseph S., Maiden Hill, Mark F., Deny, N. H.

Clarke, Joseph F., Boston Holt, H. E., Lexington

Cleaveland, H. W. S., ChicagoHubbard, J.G.,Hampste'd,N.H.
Colby, Charles A., New York Hutchinson, C. H., Rhinebeck,
Currier, William A., Boston N. Y.

Day, Abraham, Boston Kent, Albert S., Colorado

Davis, Phineas E., Chicago Kimball, Jonathan, Boston
Dodge, Albert W., Brighton Kimball, W.F., Providence, R.l.
])odge, John S., Chicopee King, D. AVebster, Boston

Dole, Francis F., Chicopee Knight, J. M., Maine
Drew, Charles R., Medford Lamb, Win. I)., Southbridge
Eaton, Thos., llarristown, 111. Lake, Chas. II., Churchill, Md.
Emanuel, Henry, New York Lovering, John H. Marlborough

195

Low, Sidney, Groton Rea, Loring B., Miles City,

Lyford, Geo. II., New Fork Mont.

Mann, Otis, Springfield Reynolds, W. B., Deny, X. H.

Martin, Walter T., Dover, X.H.Robinson, John L., Manches-

McFarland, L., Maine ter, X. H.

Merrill, George 1'. North Hamp-Rogers, Benjamin, Maiden

ton, X. II. Rogers, William, Illinois

Merrill, Hayden A., Dedhain Safford, N. T., Dunbarton,X.H.
Mills, K. P., Abbott, Col. Sargent, Elmer P., Maiden

Mitchell, Charles, Milton Sargent, G. P.,Philadelphia,Pa.

Moulton, Beverly S., Boston Shattuck, Chas. W., Winchester
Xelson, 1>. Oscar, Portsmonth,Shattuck, L. P., Boston

O. Sleeper, S. C, Plaistow, X. H.

Nichols, Albert, Chicago, 111. Smith, Beaman C.,Charlestown
Nichols, D. P., Boston Smith, George J., Boston

Xoyes. A. P., Lowell Snow, Jesse W., Boston

< >rd\vay, (i. W., Manch'r, X.ILSpofford, Farnham, Washington
Page, Adino, Metamora, 111. Stanley, Samuel S., Boston
Page, Nathan jr., Wakefield Stanwood, Joseph T., Maiden
Palmer, Charles L., CottonStickney, Charles., Pon du Lac,

Wood, Idaho Co., Idaho Wis.

Palmer, Frank 11., X. Wey-Stickney, Xiles T., Chicago, 111.

mouth, Mass. Stone, Edwin M., Provid'ce,R.I.

Patch, A. II. , Clarkville, Tenn.Tappan, S. B., Arlington
Payson, Samuel, F., Xew YorkTaylor, George H., Everett
Phelps, X. L., Iowa Titcomb, Charles A., Boston

Phillips, A. P., Medfield Walker, Dexter M., Boston

Phillips, Samuel, Brighton Ward, Winsor M., Wakefield
Pierce, William. Boston Ware, Darwin E., Boston

Poor, Henry, Xew York Webb, Michael jr., Cambridge

Porter, Dudley H., Saratoga Wentzel, David, Amherst
Putnam, Benjamin C, Chelsea Wheeler, H. T., Worcester
Putnam,Moses W., Philadelphia Whitman, F. A., Lexington

X. Y. Whittemore, Chas. A., Boston

Putnam, Win. It., Red Wing, Whittemore, J. R., Chicopee

Minn. Wilder, S. W., Lowell

Raymond, Samuel, Xew York

Total number, December, 1888 — 1329 resident members.
ll,(.) non-resident members. Grand Total, 1458 members.

1889.
PRKMIUM LIST OK

Essex Agricultural Society,

Foil THE

Sixty-Ninth Annual Cattle Show and Fair,

To be held September 24th and 2ot1i, 1889, in Beverly.

Duties of Trustees.

The Trustee of each town is instructed to see the several
members of Committees in his town previous to the Show, and
urge upon them the importance of attending to their duties.
Also impress upon exhibitors from localities near to the Ex-
hibition, the importance of entering their exhibits the after-
noon and evening of Monday, in fairness to those from a dis-
tance, who are obliged to come Tuesday.

To be prompt at the meeting in June for filling Committees
and at the meeting of the society for filling vacancies in com-
mittees on the first day of the Exhibition, making sure that
the names proposed at those meetings are of persons who will
serve.

Duties of Committees.

Committees on live stock and articles exhibited on the Fair
Grounds should appear at the Secretary's office on the grounds,
at one o'clock, punctually, on the first day of the Exhibition,
and there organize, take the books of entry, and proceed at
once to business. Committees in Hall should take the books
of entry from the Superintendent as soon after the entries
close as the exhibits are arranged for judging.

Full reports of awards by Committees, on the blanks fur-
nished by the Secretary, to be signed by all the members act-
ing on the same, are required of each committee.

Three members of any committee consisting of more than
that number are authorized to act.

The Diploma of the Society being considered the highesl
premium that can be awarded, no committee is authorized to

i97

award it, except for animals and articles of special turrit,
deserving of endorsement and recommendation by the Society.

No gratuity is to be awarded of less than fifty cents.

The several committees are requested to affix premium
cards, and also on animals, blue, white, and red printed pre-
mium ribbons (which may be had of the Secretary or assistant
on the grounds and at the hall), for the several animals or
articles, designating the grade of premium awarded each, and
the name of the person to whom awarded, and special care
should be taken that the cards issued correspond with the
awards in their report to the Society.

No claimant for a premium can be a member of the com-
mittee upon the subject on which he makes his claim.

The reports of award of premiums on ploughing and on
animals and articles exhibited at the Show, will be delivered
to the Secretary and announced on Wednesday.

The Society offers liberal premiums for the best reports of
committees; and the chairmen of the several committees are
requested to present to the Secretary a full report explanatory
of the opinions of the committee on the matter referred to
them, within two weeks after the awards are made at the
Show, for publication in the Transactions.*

Reports on farms, crops, etc., to be presented previous to
the meeting of the Trustees in November.

Any m,ember <>f a committee who cannot serve on the same, is
requested to give notice to the Secretary, before the Sltoiv, so
that the vacancy may be filled.

Each member of the several committees will receive a
ticket of admission to the hall of exhibition, on application
to the Secretarv.

'Chairmen of committees will please notice tliis request.

General Rules.

Competitors arc requested to carefully read the rales and
premium fist, before making entries.

Claims (entries) for premiums to be awarded at the Ex-
hibition on the Fair Grounds, must be entered with the Secre-
arv of t he Society, or his agent, on or before {) o'clock, A.
M., and in the Exhibition Hall, on or before 11 A. M., of the
first day thereof.

198

All claims (entries) for premiums on Fair Grounds, must
be handed or forwarded to the Secretary or his agent, in
writing, previous to the day of the Fair, if possible, or on or
before 9 o'clock, A. M., of the first day thereof.

Any person not a member of the Society, awarded seven dol-
lars and upwards, shall receive a certificate of membership,
for which three dollars of his award will be taken to increase
the funds of the Society.

Diplomas awarded will be delivered and premiums paid, to
the person to whom the premium or gratuity is awarded, or
an agent duly authorized, on application to the Treasurer, at
First National l>ank. Salem.

All premiums and gratuities awarded, the payment of which
is not demanded of the Treasurer on or before the first day
of September next succeeding the Exhibition, will be con-
sidered as given to increase the funds of the Society.

In all cases the reports of award of premiums and gratuities
made by the several committees and adopted by the Society
shall be final. Committees should see that the premium cards
issued correspond with the premiums and gratuities awarded
in their reports.

No person shall be entitled to receive a premium, unless he
complies with the conditions on which the premiums are
offered, and by proper entry as required, gives notice of his
intention to compete for the same ; and committees are in-
structed to award no premium unless the animal or article
offered is worthy.

No animal or object that is entered in one class, with one
committee shall be entered in another class, except town
teams, fat cattle, working oxen, working steers, and farm
horses, which may be entered for ploughing, and milch cows,
which may be entered with a herd.

In regard to all subjects for which premiums are offered it
is to be distinctly understood that the Trustees reserve to
themselves the right of judging the quality of the animal or
article offered ; and that no premium will be awarded unless
the objects of them are of decidedly superior quality.

Pure Bred Animals, defined by the State Board of Agri-
culture.

The proof that an animal is so bred should be a record of
the animal or its ancestors, as recorded in some herd book,
recognized by leading breeders and the public generally, as
complete and authentic.

Standards adopted : — American Jersey C. C. Eegister and
American Jersey Herd Book, Ayrshire Record and Holstein
Herd Book.

Premiums to be Awarded at the Show.

The Committees will take notice that no 'premium will l>e

199

awarded unless the animals <>>• objects are of a decidedly super-
ior quality.

Diplomas may be awarded for animals ok articles of
special merit, in all departments of the Fair.

Cattle and Other Farm Stock.

TO BE ENTERED IN THE NAME OF THEIR REAL OWNER.

All animals, to be eligible to a premium, shall have beem
raised by the owner within the County, or owned by the ex-
hibitor within the County, for lour months previous to the
date of the Exhibition, except Working Oxen, and Working-
Steers.

All animals, whether teams for ploughing, or animals en-
tered for premium or exhibition, will be fed during the Ex-
hibition, and longer when they are of necessity prevented
from leaving, at the expense of the Society.

FAT CATTLE.

Eat Cattle, fatted within the County, regard being hud to
manner of feeding and the expense thereof, all of which shall
be stated by the exhibitor in writing and returned to the Sec-
retary, with committee's report.

For Pairs of Fat Cattle, premiums, each, $8, 6, 3

For Fat Cows, premiums, each, $7, 5

BULLS.

* Ayrshire, Jersey, Short Horn, Devon, Holstein, or of any
other recognized breed, for each breed.

Two years old and upwards, premiums, $8, 4

Under two years, premiums, for each breed, $4, 3

Bull Calves under one year old, premium for each breed. %-

BULLS OF ANY AGE OR BREED.

*For the best Bull of any age or breed, with five of his*

stock not less than one year old, quality and condition to be

taken into account, and especially the adaptability of the

animal to the agriculture of the County, premium, $10

Note. — Competitors are required so givea written statemenl <>f pedigree,
and committees are requested to be particular in this respect, and return
them to the Secretary with report.

MILCH COWS.

For the best Milch Cow any age or breed, with satisfac-
tory record in quarts or pounds of her daily yield of milk for
one or more years, premium, $15'

For Milch Cows, either Foreign, Native or Grade, not
less than four nor more than ten years old, with satisfactory
evidence as to quantity and quality of milk, either by weight

200

or measure, during the evening and morning of the first and
last ten days of any month, premiums, $]n. I

Milch Cows, Ayrshire, Jersey, Devon, Short Horn, Holstein,
or any other recognized breed, four years old and upwards,
premiums, for each breed, $10, 4

For Native or Grade Cows, four years old and up-
wards, premiums, $10, 4

For the Cows that make the most butter in any single
week from June 1st to September loth, premiums, $10, 4

Note. — A written statement will be required of the age and breed of all
Milch Cows entered, and time they dropped their last calf, and when they
will next calve, th«' kind, quality and quantity <>f their Eood during the
season, and the manner of their feeding, which statement is to be returned
to the Secretary with Committee's report.

HERDS OF MILCH COWS.

For herds of Milch Cows, not less than five in' number, to
be exhibited at the Show, and a correct statement of manner
of keeping and yield for one year preceding the Show, pre-
miums, $18, 12

For the greatest produce of milk on any farm, in proportion
to the number of cows producing it, not less than four, from
April 1, 1888, to April 1, 1880, statement to be made of the
exchanges made, manner and expense of food, use made of
milk, and such other facts as will illustrate the entire man-
agement, special regard being had to the mode in which the
account is kept, premium, Diploma, and $1">

Note — The above mentioned statement is to he returned to the Secre-
tary, with Committee's report. The Committee can accept statements
dating from January 1st. preceding Show.

HEIFERS.

First Class. — Ayrshire, Jersey, Short Horn, Devon, Hol-
stein, or any other recognized breed, under four years old, in
milk, premiums, for each breed, $8, 5

Two year olds of each breed, that have never calved,
premiums. $4, 3

( >ne year olds of each breed, premiums, $4, 3

Heifer Calves, under one year, premiums for each breed,

$4,3

Second Class. — Native or Grade Milch, under four
years old, premiums, $8. 5

Two year olds, that have never calved, premiums, $4, 3

One year olds and less than two, premiums, $4, .'!

Heifer calves, Native or Grade, under one year old,
premiums, $4, 3

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

Stags excluded. For pairs of Working I >xen under eight
and not less than five years old. taking into view their size,
power, quality, and 1 raining, premiums, $12, 1<>. 8

201

For pairs of Working Steers four years old, to be entered
in the name of the owner, premiums, $10, 6

Notk. — The Committee are required to consider the quality and shape of
the cattle as well as their working capacity. The training of working
oxen and steers will he tested by trial on a cart or wagon containing a load
weighing two tons for oxen, and 3000 pounds for steers. 5JP™ At the time
of entry a certificate of the weight of the cattle must bt filed with the Sec-
retary.

TOWN TEAMS.

For Town Teams of Oxen, ten yoke or more in a team,
premiums, $20, 12

For Town Teams of Horses, ten or more pairs in a team,
premiums, $20, 12

STEERS.

For pairs of three year old Steers, broken to the yoke,
premiums, $8, 6

For pairs of two year old Steers, premiums, $6, 5

For pairs of yearling Steers, premiums, $5, 4

For pairs of Steer Calves, premiums, $4, 2

STALLIONS.

Fikst Class. — *For Stallions for Farm and Draft purposes,
four years old and upwards, diploma or premiums, $10, 6, 4

*For Stallions for Farm and Draft purposes, three years
old, premiums, $8, 5

*For best Stallion of any age, and five colts of his stock,
not less than one year old, quality and condition to be taken
into account, premium, $15

Second Class.— *For Stallions for Driving purposes, four
years old and upwards, premiums, $10, 6, 4

For Stallions for Driving purposes, three years old, pre-
miums, $8, 5

*For best Stallion of any acre and five colts of his stock,
not less than one year old, quality and condition to be taken
into account, premium. $15

Note. — No stallion will he entitled to a premium unless free from all
apparent defects capahle of being transmitted. All stallions entered in
either class must have heen owned by the exhibitor four months previous to
the exhibition.

BROOD MARES.

First Class. — *For Brood Mares for Farm and Draft Pur-
poses, with their foal not more than eight months old, by
their side, premiums, $10, 6, 4

Second Class. — *For Brood Mares for Driving Purposes<
with their foal not more than eight months old by their side,
premiums, $10, 6, 4

Note. — No brood mare will hi' entitled to a premium unless free from all
apparent delects capable of being transmitted.

202

FAMILY HORSES.

Fov Family Horses, premiums, Slo, (;. 4

Note. — No horse will receive a premium unless tree from all unsoundness.

GENTLEMEN'S DRIVING HORSES.

Fov Driving Horses, premiums, $10, 6, 4

FARM HORSES.

For Farm Horses, premiums, S 10, 6, 4

N'otk. — No horse will be allowed except those actually used on farms,
whether the owner has a farm or not, and in no case will competitors be
allowed to take more than a specified load, -_'0(X) pounds. No obstruction
shall be placed either before or behind the wheels in trials of Draft horses
of either class. If this rule is not complied with the premiums shall be
\\ ithheld.

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES.

First Class. — For pairs of Farm Horses, weighing 2500
pounds and upwards (see above note), premiums,

$10, 8, 4

Second Class. — For pairs of Farm Horses, weighing
I'oDO pounds, premiums, $10, 8, 4

COLTS FOR DRAFT PURPOSES.

First Class. — For Mare or Gelding four year old colts,
premiums, $8, 5, 3

For Mare or Gelding three year old Colts, premiums, $6, 3

Skoond Class. — For two year old Stallion, Gelding, or
Mare Colts, premiums, $8, 5, 3

For yearling Stallion, Gelding or Mare Colts,
premiums, $5, 3

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES.

First Class. — For Mare or Gelding four year old Colts.
premiums, $8. 5, •'!

For Mare or Gelding three year old Colts, premiums, $6, 3
Second Class. — For two year old Stallion, Gelding or Mare
■Colts, premiums, SN. 5, 3

Fox yearling Stallion, Gelding or Mare Colts, premiums,

|5, 3
SWINE.

First Class. — Large breeds, viz.: Cheshire. Berkshire,

Chester County, Whites. Poland China. Large Yorkshire, and

any other breed or grade weighing more than 300 pounds at

maturity.

For Boars, premiums, ss. ."•

For Breeding Sows, premiums. ss, 5

For Litters of Weaned Pigs, premiums, $8, 5

Note. — Litters til' Weaned Pies must be nut less than four In number,
between two and four months old.

203

Second Class. — Small breeds, such as Suffolk. Essex,
Small Yorkshire, China, and any other breed or grade weigh-
ing less than .'500 pounds at maturity, same premiums as in
First Class.

SHEEP.

For flocks not less than ten in number, premiums, $1<>. 6
For best Buck, premium, $8

For best lot ot Lambs, not less than four in number, be-
tween four and twelve months old, premium, $4

POULTRY.

For pairs of Light Brahmas, Dark Brahmas, Buff Cochins.
Partridge Cochins, Black Cochins, White Cochins, Plymouth
Rocks, Dominiques, White Leghorns, Brown Leghorns, Domi-
nique Leghorns, Black Spanish, Hamburgs, Polish, Games.
Dorking, Bantams, Black, White, and Mottled Javas, Wyan-
dottes, White Wyandottes, Andalusian, Erminet, Langshangs,
and Frizzle, and other recognized varieties, each variety, pre-
miums, $2, 1

For pairs of Chickens of above varieties, premiums, #2, 1

F'or the best breeding pen of each variety — Diploma of the
Society.

Pairs can be exhibited in " breeding pens," by marking the
competing female (with a ribbon or colored string), which,
with the male will form the pair.

Premiums shall be awarded on a score of not less than 176
points for first premium and 1G6 points for second premium.

For lots of Turkeys, and Aylesbury, Rouen, Caouga, Pekin.
White and Colored Muscovey, and Brazilian Ducks, and Tou-
louse, Einden, Brown China, and African Geese, premiums,

$2,1

For the coop of 10 or more Fowls exhibited, whether
thoroughbreds, crossed or mixed, with an account for one
year, showing cost of keeping, production and profit, pre-
mium, $5-

For the best pair of dressed Fowls, Chickens, Ducks, and
Geese, premium for each, $2

For the best 12 Eggs from Asiatic, American, Game, French
and Spanish classes (Hamburgs, Polish, Dorkings to compete
in the, Spanish class), premium for each class, -s 1

Any exhibitor interfering with the Judges in the discharge
of their duties or interfering with, or handling any specimen
on exhibition, other than his own, shall forfeit all claim he
may have in the premium list.

All breeds exhibited separately and to be judged by the
rules of the " American Standard of Excellence."

For best exhibit of Poultry Appliances, *•"">

204

PLOUGHING.

General Note <>n Ploughing.— Stags are excluded. Teams must i»-
entered in the names of their owners, and only double ox-teams to have
drivers. A team consisting of one pair of oxen and a horse will be con-
sidered a double team. The owners of separate teams may unite the same
and be allowed to compete for premiums. The ploughmen and drivers
must have been residents of the County at least three months before the
exhibition. Those who intend to he competitors must give notice to reach
•he Secretary on or before Saturday previous to the show. The lands will
be staked, but each ploughman will be required to strike out his own land
in the presence of the '•Committee on Striking out Grounds for Plough-
ing," after half-past nine o'clock on the morning of the trial. Ploughmen
with land-slide ploughs are to bach furrow three furrows on each side of the
-lakes set. the last furrow to be of the depth required iii the class. Plough-
men with swivel ploughs to turn the outside id' their furrows to the stakes
on one side, and to finish one foot from the stake on the other. Committees
• > imie and report the kind of plough used.

Ploughing with Double Teams. — One-sixth of an acre,
at least eight inches deep, premiums, $10, 8, 6

Ploughing with Single Teams. — One-sixth of an acre, at
least six inches deep, premiums, $10, 8, 5

Ploughing with Houses. — With any- form of Plough, ex-
cept Swivel, one sixth of an acre, at least six inches deep,
premiums, $10, 7, 5

Ploughing with Three Horses. — One-sixth of an acre,
eight inches deep, without driver, premium, $10

Same with four horses, with driver, premium, $10

Ploi <;hix<; with Swivel Plough. — One-sixth of an acre,
either with double or single ox-team, double teams at least
eight inches deep, single teams six inches, premiums, $10, 8, 6

Same with Horse teams, consisting of two horses, plough-
ing at least six inches deep, premiums, $10, 6

Ploughing — Sulky Plough — For the best performance,
taking into account ease of draft, amount and quality of
work, premiums, $10, 8

HARROWS.

For the best Harrow exhibited and its merits shown by
actual test upon the ploughed ground, premium, $10

NOTE.— Entry must be made with the Secretary before the day of the
trial with desi ription of Harrow.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

For the best collection of Implements and Machines (no
article offered in collection will be entitled to a separate pre-
mium), Diploma and $10
P>est Market Wagon, premium, $5
Best Farm Wagon, for one or two horses, premium, $3
Best Horse Cart, premium, $5
I '.est Hay, Straw, or Corn Cutter, premium, $1.50
Best < >x Yoke, complete, premium. $1.50
Best Fruit Evaporator, with sample of work, premium, $5

205

Best set of Horse Shoes, including those for over-reaching,
interfering, and stumbling horses, premium, .$ 5

For implements not specified above the Committee may at
their discretion award $40

No premium or gratuity will be awarded for any Mower,
Horse Rake, Tedder, or other Machine or Implement, the
merit of which can be known only by actual trial in the field ;
but manufacturers are invited to offer the same for exhibition
and inspection.

CARRIAGES.

For carriages built in the County, and exhibited by the
manufacturer, diploma, and thirty dollars in gratuities, may
be awarded by the Committee.

In Exhibition Hall.

Committees on articles exhibited in the hall should be
especially careful that the premium or gratuity cards issued
correspond with the names, and sums awarded them, in their
reports to the Society.

Committees and Exhibitors will be governed by instructions
under heading of 4> Duties of Committees,'" " General Rules,*'
" Premiums to be awarded at the Show," see first pages, and
under "Fruit," " Domestic Manufactures" and "Flowers."

DAIRY.

For specimens of Butter made on any farm within the
County the present year, samples not less than five pounds to
be exhibited, with a full account of the process of making
and management of the Butter, premiums, $8, 6, 4

For specimens of New Milk Cheese, made on any farm iu
the County the present year, samples of not less than fifty
pounds to be exhibited, with statement in writing of the
method of making and preserving the same, premiums, $8, 6, 4

Note. — Each lot presented for premium and the statement accompany-
ing it, must he numbered, hut not marked so as to indicate the claimant ;
any public or known mark must be completely concealed: nor must the
competitors be present at the examination.

To the person who shall furnish to the Society satisfactory
evidence of the greatest amount of Butter made from any
quantity of milk, being the whole produce of any single cow,
tor the first week of June, July, August and September next,
stating the whole amount of Butter produced in each week,
also the time when the cow dropped her last calf, and her
feed and management all to be taken into account in making
the award, premiums, Diploma and $1<>. 5

Note. — The object in offering these last premiums is to elicit inquiry as to
the value ami quality of milk for the production of butter. As far as prac-
ticable it is desirable that the race and pedigree of the cow should be given.

206

BREAD, HONEY, AND CANNED FRtJlT.

For White Bread made of wheat flour, premiums, $13, 2, i

For bread made from Graham flour, premiums, $2, 1

For bread made from other grains, or other grains mixed
with wheat, premiums, $1.50, 1

All bread, entered for premiums, to be in loaves weighing
not less than one pound each, and to be not less than twenty-
four hours old, with a full written statement over the signa-
ture and address of the maker, stating the kind of flour used,
quantity of each ingredient, how mixed, and length of time
kneaded and raised, and how long baked, which statements on
all premium bread are to be sent to the Secretary ivith report of
the Committee for publication.

For first and second best display of Bees, Hives, and
Apiarian Implements, to be accompanied with the description
of the bees, hives, etc., number of hives in use and* amount of
surplus honey taken from them during the season, premiums,

$ 5, 3

First and second best Honey, ten pounds in comb and one
pound of same extracted, made in the County, with statement
signed of kind of bees and hive, and time of year when
honey was made, premiums, $3, 2

For first and second best collection of Pickles, Preserved
Fruits and Jellies, made from products of the County, ichen
premiums are awarded, the method of making to be sent to the
Secretary, by the Committee, for publication, premiums, $3, 2

For the first and second best live pounds of Dried Apples,
grown and dried within the County, with statements of
process used and amount of labor and time required in pre-
paring and drying, such statement on premium fruit to be
given to the Secretary for publication, premiums, $3, 2

In addition to the above, are placed in the hands of the
Committee for gratuities on other articles entered in this de-
partment, products of this County deemed worthy, ST.

Fruit.

All fruit must be entered in the name of the grower before
11 o'clock on the first day of the exhibition, and each exhibi-
tor must certify to the same on the Entry Book, or lists of
the varieties of each class of fruit, to be filed when entry is
made. (Committees arc not authorized to make awards to
those who do not comply with this rule).

Tables will be labelled in a conspicuous manner by the hall
committee, before the entry of Exhibitors, with the names of
fruit, for which premiums are offered, all others of same class
of fruit to be labelled miscellaneous. Exhibitors must place
their several varieties of each class of fruit where indicated
by such labels, or be considered by the committee as not com
peting for premium.

207

Plates of collections of fruit, when premiums are offered
therefor, must be entered and placed by the exhibitor on the
table assigned for the exhibit of collections of fruit.

To entitle exhibitors to receive premiums and gratuities
awarded, they are required (when requested by the committee)
to give information in regard to the culture of their fruit.

TEARS.

For best twelve specimens of the following varieties, which
are recommended for cultivation in Essex County : Bartlett,
Belle Lucrative, Bosc, Anjou, Angouleme, Dana's Hovey,
Lawrence, Louise Bonne, Maria Louise, Onondaga, Paradise
d'Automne, Seckle, Sheldon, Urbaniste, Vicar, Cornice, How-
ell, Hardy and Clairgeau, each, premium $3

Doyenne d'Ete, Gifford and Clapp's Favorite (ripening
early), are recommended for cultivation, but no premium is
offered.

For each dish of twelve best specimens of any other varie-
ties, deemed worthy by the committee, premium $1.50

For best collection of Pears, recommended for culti-
vation, premium, $6

In addition to the above, are placed at the disposal of the
committee, to be awarded in gratuities of not less than $1
each, $20

APPLES.

For best twelve specimens of the following varieties, which
are recommended for cultivation in Essex County : Baldwin,
Danvers Sweet, Tompkins King, Granite Beauty, Red Russet,
Tolman's Sweet, Bailey Sweet, Drap d'Or, Hubbardston,
Hurlburt, Porter, Pickman Pippin, Roxbury Russet, Rhode
Island Greening, Sweet Baldwin, Gravenstein, Hunt Russet,
Smith's Cider, Snow, premium for each, $3

Red Astrachan, William's Favorite, Tetofsky and Sweet
Bough are recommended for cultivation, but no premium, is
offered (ripening early).

For best twelve specimens of any other varieties deemed
worthy by the committee, premium for each variety, $1.50

For best collection of Apples, recommended for culti-
vation, premium, $G

For best twenty-four specimens of any variety of Crab
Apple deemed worthy by the committee, $1.50

In addition, are placed at the disposal of the committee, to
be awarded in gratuities of not less than $1 each, $20

PEACHES, GRAPES AND ASSORTED FRUITS.

For best nine specimens of Freestone, White Flesh, Yellow

Flesh, Essex County Seedling, each variety, $2

For best collection of Peaches, premium, $3

For best four bunches of Concord, Worden's Seedling,

208

Brighton, Hartford Prolific, Delaware, Martha, Moore's Early,
Niagara, Grapes, each variety, premium $3

For Cold House Grapes, produced with not over one month's
artificial heat, premiums, $>4, •'!

For Lest collection of ten varieties, not less than ten pounds
in all, premium, $7

For best specimens of four bunches of Grapes, varieties
other than above, deemed worthy by the committee, premium,

$1.50

For baskets of Assorted Fruit, premiums, $4, 3

In addition, are placed at the disposal of the committee, to
be awarded in gratuities of not less than 50 cents each, $ 25

PLANTS AND FLOWERS.

RULES AND REGULATIONS.

•except native| plants and flowers, and flowers used in bouquets
and baskets of flowers and floral designs, all of which (plants
and flowers), must have been grown within the County.

2. When a certain number or quantity of Plants and
Flowers is designated in the schedule, there must be neither
more nor less than that number or quantity of specimens
shown.

3. When only one premium from each exhibitor is offered
for any article, only a single specimen or collection can com-
pete, but when a second or third premium is offered, one, two
or three specimens or collections may be exhibited for com-
petition, but no variety can be duplicated.

4. No premium shall be awarded unless the specimens ex-
hibited are of superior excellence, possessing points of supe-
riority ami worthy of such premium, not even if they are the
only ones of their kind on exhibition.

5. No specimen entered for one premium shall be ad-
mitted in competition for another different premium.

6. Competitors will be required to furnish information (if
the committee so request), as to their modes of cultivation,
or in the case of Native Plants and Flowers, where such were
found.

7. All Plants exhibited for premiums must have the name
legibly and correctly written on stiff card, wood or some other
permanent and suitable substance, and so attached to same as
to be easily seen. Flowers when specified to be named to
comply also with above rule.

8. Plants in Pots to be entitled to premiums must show
skilful culture in the profusion of bloom and in the beauty,
symmetry and vigor of the specimens ; also Bouquets, Baskets,

209

Design work, etc.. must show taste, skill, and harmony in
arrangement, both as to colors and the material they are made
of, and purposes for which they are intended.

9. All flowers exhibited must be shown upon their own
stems, flowers in "Design" work alone excepted; and this
exception if overcome and avoided, to be taken into account
by the committee in awarding the premiums.

10. The Committee are authorized to award gratuities for
any new and rare plants and flowers, or " Designs " of merit
for which no premium is offered, but in no case shall the total
sum (premiums and gratuities together), exceed the amount,
$150.00, limited by the Society for this department.

11. Ko member of the Committee for awarding premiums
or gratuities shall in any case vote or decide respecting an
award for which such member may be a competitor, or in
which he may have an interest, but in such case such member
shall temporarily vacate his place upon the Committee, and
such vacancy for the time being may be filled by the remain-
ing members of the Committee, or they may act without.

12. Attention is again called to above Rules aud Regula-
tions for Plants and Flowers, and General Rules of the So-
ciety, and all articles not entered in conformity therewith will
be disqualified, and premiums will be awarded only to ex-
hibitors who have complied with said Rules, etc.

PLANTS.

Pi mts competing for these premiums must have been grown

in puts, .Native Plants excepted, named, etc. See Rules.
Pur collections Flowering and Ornamental Foliage Plants,

at least 25 specimens, premiums, $10, 5

For coll. Palms, at least 5 spec, 5 varieties, premium, $1
Foe collection Ferns (cultivated), at least 5 specimens, 5

varit-tiea, premium, $1

For coll Dracenas, at least 5 spec, 5 varieties, prem., $1
Fur cull. Crotons, at least 5 spec, 5 varieties, premium, $1
For collection Fancy Caladiums, at least 5 specimens, 5

vai i 'lies, premium, ' $1

F tv coll. Gloxinias, at least 5 spec, 5 varieties, prem., $1
For collection Begonias, tuberous rooted, at least 5 speci-

rut-iis, 5 varieties, premium, $1

For coll. Begonias, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, $1
For colJ. Coieus, 10 specimens, 10 varieties, premium, $1
For coll. Fuchsias, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, $1
For coll. Cyclamen, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, $1
For coll. Geraniums, double, 10 spec, 10 varieties, pre., $1
For coll. Geraniums, single, 10 spec, 10 varieties, pre., $1
For collection Geraniums, fancy, 10 specimens, at least 5

vaiieties, premium, $4

For coil. Hibiscus, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, $1

2IO

For collection Carnation Pinks, 10 specimens, at least 5
varieties, premium, -SI

For collection Calla Lilies, 5 specimens, premium, $ 1

For specimen English Ivy, premium, $1

For collections of wood of native trees in sections, suit-
able for exhibition, showing bark and the grain of the wood,
all correctly named with botanical and common name, at least
50 varieties, each variety to be shown in two sections, one of
which to be a cross section and neither to be more than four
inches in length or diameter, premiums, $5, 3

FLO WEES.

For collections of Cut Flowers, cultivated, 100 specimens, a

least 50 varieties, named, $5, 3

For collections of Cut Flowers, native, 100 specimens, at

least 50 varieties, named, $5, 3

For pair of Bouquets, for vases, green-house flowers, pre. $2, 1
For pair of HandBouquets, green-house flowers, prems. $2, 1
For pair of Bouquets, for vases, of native flowers, pre. $2,1
For pair of Bouquets, for vases, of garden flowers, pre. $2, 1
For Basket of green-house flowers, premiums, $2, 1

For Basket of native flowers, premiums, $2, 1

For Basket of garden flowers, premiums, $2, 1

Yot arrangement of Native Flowers and Autumn Leaves,

premiums, $3, 2

For Floral Designs, choice cultivated flowers, prems., $5, 3
For Floral Designs, native flowers, premiums, $3, 2

For collections Japan Lilies, hardy, named, premiums, $3, 2
For collections Bhlox, hardy perennial, named, prems., $2, 1
For collections Bansies, at least 50 specimens, neatly and

artistically arranged, premiums, $2, 1

For collections of Native and Introduced Weeds, with com-
mon and botanical name attached, premiums, $3, 2
For twelve Dahlias, large flowering, at least six varieties,

named, premium, $1.

For twelve Dahlias, Pompom or lilliputian, at least six

varieties, named, premium, $1

For twelve Dahlias, single, at least six var's, named, pre., $1
For twelve Petunias, double, at least six var's, named, pre., $1
For twelve Gladiolus (spikes), at least six varieties, named,

premium, . $ 1

For twelve Japan Lilies, at least six var's, named, pre., $1
For twelve Geraniums, double, at least six varieties, named,

premium, $ 1

For twelve Geraniums, single, at least six varieties, named,

premium, $1

For twelve Phlox, hardy perennial, at least six varieties,

named, premium, $1

For twelve Cannas, at least six varieties, named, prem., $1

21 I

For twenty -four Carnation Pinks, at least six varieties,
liamstl, premium, $1

For twenty-four Verbenas, at least six var's, named, pre., $ 1
For twenty-four Roses, at least six varieties, named, pre., $1
For twenty-four Garden Annuals, at least twelve varieties,
named, premium, $1

For twelve Calendulas, at least two var's, named, pre., $1
For twelve Asters, Double Victoria, premium, $1

For twelve Asters. Double, Truffaut's Peony flowered,pre., $1
Fur twelve Asters, Pompone, premium, $1

For twelve Phlox, Drummondii, in variety, premium, $1
For twelve Nasturtiums, at least six varieties, premium, $1
For twenty-four Pansies, in variety, premium, if]

For twenty-four Zinnias, double, in variety, premium, $1
For twenty-four Marigolds, African, in variety, premium, $1
For twenty-four Marigolds, Dwarf French, in variety,pre., $1
Fur twenty-four Petunias, single, in variety, premium, $1
For Display of Coxcombs, in variety, premium, $1

For twelve Scabiosas, in variety, premium, $1

For twelve Delphiniums, in variety, premium. $3

For twelve Dianthus (double, annual), in variety, prem., $1
For twelve Salpiglossis, in variety, premium, $ 1

SPECIAL PREMIUMS OFFERED BY M. B. FAXON, OF SAUGUS.

For the best bouquet of Garden Flowers, One year's sub-
scription to the "American Garden."

For the best dish of Pansies, One year's subscription to
" Popular Gardening and Fruit Growing."

For the best display of Asters filling twenty-five bottles,

15.00

Note. — The above publications are well worth competing for.

VEGETABLES.

The Hales for Fruit apply to Vegetables.

Beets — For best twelve specimens, Eclipse, Dewing, and

Edmands, premiums, each variety, $3

Carrots — For best twelve, short top, long Orange and Dan-

vers Intermediate, premium, each variety, $3

For best twelve, Short Horn Orange Carrots, premium, $3

Mangold Wurtzels — For best six specimens, premium, $3

Flat Turnips — Twelve specimens. For best Purple Top

and White Flat, premium, each variety, $3

Ruta Bagas — Twelve specimens. For best Yellow and

White, premium, each variety, $3

Parsnips — For the best twelve specimens, premium, $3

Onions — One peck. For best Dan vers, Yellow Flat, and

Red, premium, each variety, $3

Potatoes — One peck. For best Early Rose, Beauty of He-
bron, Clark's No. 1, Pearl of Savoy, Early Maine, premium,

each variety, $3

212

Cabbages — For best three specimens Savoy, Fottler's Drum-
head, Stone Mason Drumhead, Red Cabbage, each variety,
premium, $3

For next best, each variety, premium, $2

Cauliflowers — For best three specimens, premium, $3

For next best, premium, $2

Celery — For best four roots, premium, $2

Sweet Corn — For twelve ears ripest and best Early, pre-
mium, $3
For best twelve ears in milk, Late, premium, $3
Squashes — For best three specimens, Marrow, American
Turban, Hubbard, Marblehead, Essex Hybrid, Bay State.
each variety, premium, $3
Melons — For best three specimens Nutmeg, Musk. Cassaba.
each variety, premium, $2
For best two specimens Watermelons, premium, - $2
Tomatoes — For best twelve specimens Acme, Emery, Car-
dinal, Essex Hybrid, Livingston, or any other variety, each
variety, premium, $3
For exhibition of greatest variety, premium, $'•'■>
Cranberries — For pecks of cultivated, premiums, $3, 2, J
For collection of vegetables, premiums, $8, 6, 4, 2
Placed at the disposal of the committee for whatever ap-
pears meritorious, $30
(t^^Xo competitor for premium to exhibit more or less
number of specimens of any vegetables than the premiums
are offered for.

SPECIAL PREMIUM OFFERED BY F. B. FAXON, OF SAIGUS.

For the best collection of potatoes, twelve of each variety
exhibited, One year's subscription to the " American Agricul-
turist."

Collections of Vegetables, where premiums are offered for a number of
varieties, must be entered ami placed by themselves on the tables assigned
for collections. Nbcollection shall receive but one premium. Specimens
of any variety in such collections arc nut to compete with specimens of the
same variety placed elsewhere. Exhibitors of such collections, however,
are nut prevented from exhibiting <i<l</iti<>n<il specimens of any variety,
with and iir competition with like variety. All vegetables must he entered
in the name of the grower of them.

Size of Vegetables. — Turnip, Beets to he from 3 to 5 inches in diameter';
( hiions, _ 1-2 to 4 inches in largest diameter ; Potatoes to he of good size for
family use: Squashes to be pure and well ripened — Turban, Marrow, Hub-
bard, Marblehead, each to weigh 8 to 16 lbs.

GRAIN AND SEED.

For best peck of Shelled Corn, Wheat, Oats. Barley. Rye
and Buckwheat, each, premium, $1

For 25 ears of Field Corn, premiums, $5, •"•. 1'

For 25 ears of Pop Corn, premiums, $3, -

For collections of Field and Garden Seeds, premiums,

s\ 6, 4, 2
All grain or seed must have been grown by the exhibitor in
the County to receive premium.

213

Domestic Manufactures.

Contributors must deposit their articles at the Hall before
11 o'clock on the first day of the Exhibition. Articles not
thus deposited will not be entitled to a premium. Gratuities
will be awarded for articles of special merit for which no pre-
mium is offered; but no premium or gratuity will be awarded
for any article manufactured out of the County, or previous
to the last exhibition of the Society.

COUNTERPANES AND AFGHANS.

For Wrought Counterpanes having regard to the quality
and expense of the material, premiums, $4, 2

Gratuities will be awarded for articles belonging to this de-
partment, the whole amount of gratuities not to exceed $25.

CARPETINGS AND EUGS.

For Carpets, having regard to the quality and expense of
the material, premiums, $4, 2

For Wrought Hearth Rug, having regard both to the qual-
ity of the work and expense of the materials, premiums, $3, 2

Gratuities will be awarded for articles belonging to this de-
partment, the whole amount not to exceed $25

ARTICLES MANUFACTURED FROM LEATHEK.

For best pair hand made and machine made Men's Boots,
Women's do.. Children's do., each, premium, $2

Best Team, Carriage, aril Express Harness, each, prem., $5

$10 are placed at the disposal of this committee, to be
awarded in gratuities.

For the best exhibitions of Boots, and Shoes, manufactured
in the County, each, premium, Diploma of Society.

MANUFACTURES AND GENERAL MERCHANDISE.

For displays of Bonnets, premiums, $4, 2

For Horn Combs, not less thin one dozen, premium, $3

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be

awarded in gratuities not exceeding $3 in any one gratuity, $20

FANCY WORK

of Domestic Manufacture not included in the above.

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be
awarded in gratuities not exceeding $3 in any one gratuity, $30

WORKS OF ART.

Ai the disposal of the committee in this department, to be
awarded in gratuities not exceeding $3 in any one gratuity,

$30

214

WORK BY CHILDREN.

For specimens of work performed by children under 12 years

of age, exhibiting industry and ingenuity, premiums, $3, 2

At disposal of committee to be awarded in gratuities, $ 10

List of Premiums to be Awarded by the
Trustees in November.

FARMS.

Competitors for this premium must give notice of their
intention to the Secretary on or before June loth, and the
farms entered for premium will be viewed by the committee
twice during the year. Crops growing on farms that are en-
tered for premium, cannot be entered with another commit-
tee for separate premiums — except specimens exhibited at
the Fair.

Any person desirous of having his farm inspected, without
entering it for premium, may make application to the Secre-
tary, and it will be viewed and reported upon by the committee.

For the best conducted and most improved farm, taking
into view the entire management and cultivation, including
lands, buildings, fences, orchards, crops, stock, and all other
appendages, with statements in detail, relating thereto, pre-
'mium, $30

IMPROVING WET MEADOW AND SWAMP LANDS.

Note. — The Committee is instructed to ascertain how many, if any, re-
claimed swamps in this County have heen abandoned or have returned to
natural grasses. Persons knowing of such are requested to notify the Sec-
retary or Committee.

IMPROVING- PASTURE AND WASTE LANDS.

For best conducted experiments in renovating and improv-
ing pasture laud, other than by ploughing, so as to add to
their value for pasturage, with a statement of the same,
premiums, $15, 10

For best conducted experiments renovating and improving
waste lands, so as to add to their agricultural value, with
statement of the same, premiums, SI 5, 10

No premium to be awarded to any person for a repetition
of an experiment in meadow, swamp or pasture lands, for
which he has already received a premium.

215

UNDER-DRAINING LAND.
For best conducted experiments in under-draining landr
regard being had to the variety of soil, sub-soil, and other
local circumstances, premiums, $15, 10

Note. — The same instructions under "Improving Wet Meadow and
Swamp Lands" apply to this Committee.

Committee — George B. Loring, Salem ; William Cogswell, Brad-
ford; Andrew Nichols, Dan vers; Charles S. Spoft'ord, Georgetown;
James B. Smith, Andover.

MANURES.

For most exact and satisfactory experiments, in the prepa-
ration and application of manures, whether animal, vegetable
or mineral, premiums, $ 15, 10

COMPARATIVE VALUE OF CROPS AS FOOD FOR

CATTLE.

For most satisfactory experiment upon a stock of cattle,,
not less than four in number, in ascertaining the relative value
of different kinds of fodder used in feeding stock for milk and.
other purposes, with a statement in detail of the quantity and
value of the same, as compared with Euglish hay, premium,

FATTENING CATTLE AND SWINE.

For most satisfactory experiments in Fattening Cattle or
Swine, with a statement in detail of the process and result,
premiums, $10, 5

GRAIN AND OTHER CROPS.

Claimants on Grain and Root Crops will be required to
state the size of the piece of land, when they enter, and con-
form to the following rules: Entries of Grain Crops to be
made on or before September 10th ; Root Crops on or bafors
October 10; giving ample time for the crops to be examined
by the committee before harvesting. Statement to be made
in conformity with the following form, must be forwarded to
the Committee previous to November 1st.

All calculations and figures given in reports of, and state-
ments of Crops are to be made on the basis of an acre, results
in all cases, to be given at the rate per acre.

In pursuance of authority delegated to the Board of Agri-
culture by Chap. 24 of Acts of 1862, Agricultural Societies-
receiving the bounty of the State are required to make use of
the following form, and be governed by its conditions in the
mode of ascertaining the amount of crops entered for premium.

Essex Agricultural Society. — Statement concerning a

crop of , raised by Mr. , in the town of , 7

1889.

What was the crop of 1887 ? What manure was used and
how much ? What was the crop of 1888 ? What manure was.

2l6

used and how much ? What is the nature of the soil ? When,
and how many times ploughed, and how deep ? What other
preparation for the seed ? Cost of ploughing aud other prepa-
ration ? Amount of manure, in loads of thirty bushels, and
how applied';' Value of manure upon the ground!' (What
amount of Commercial Fertilizer used ? How used ? Value of
same when applied ?) When and how planted ? The amount
aud kind of seed ? Cost of seed and planting ? How culti-
vated, and how many times ? Cost of cultivation, including
weeding and thinning ? Time and manner of harvesting '.'
Cost of harvesting, including the storing and husking or
threshing ? Amount of crop, etc. Signed by , Com-
petitor.

The committee, to whom is entrusted the award of the
premiums on held crops, may award them according to
their judgment, but for the purpose of furnishing accurate
statistics tor the benefit of agriculture, shall select certain of
the crops, and require the owners thereof to measure the land
and weigh the crops accurately, giving to the committee a
certificate of the same, and give all possible information
thereon over their own signatures, and return the same to the
•Secretary of the Society, to be published in the annual trans-
actions.

In ascertaining the amount of crop, any vessel may be used
and the weight of its contents once, multiplied by the number
of times it is filled by the crop.

In measuring the land or weighing crops, any competent
person may be employed, whether a sworn surveyor or not.
and must give certificate.

The certificate shall state the weight of all crops only in a
merchantable state.

In ascertaining the amount of a hay crop entered for pre-
mium, the measurement of the hay in the barn may be em-
ployed.

Rules of Measure Practiced axd Adopted by the
State Board of Agriculture.

Wheat, Potatoes, Sugar Beets, Ruta Bagas, Mangold Wurtzels,

6<) lbs. to bush.
White Beans and Peas, 62 " "

< lorn, Rye, ."">('> " "

Cats, 32 "

Barley, Buckwheat, 48 "

Cracked Corn, Corn aud Rye, and other meal, except Oats,

50 11 is, to bush.
Parsnips, Carrots, 55 " "

Unions, 52 "

1. For the best conducted experiments of Rye, not less
than twenty bushels to the acre, fifty-six pounds to the
bushel, on not less than one acre, premiums, $10, 5

2. For best conducted experiments of Wheat, not less than
thirty bushels to the acre, sixty pounds to the bushel, on not
less than one acre, premiums, $10, 5

3. For best conducted experiments of Oats, not less than
fifty bushels to the acre, thirty-two pounds to the bushel, on
not less than one acre, premiums, $10, 5

4. For best conducted experiments of Barley, not less than
forty bushels to the acre, forty-eight pounds to the bushel,
on not less than one acre, premiums, $10, 5

5. For best conducted experiments of Indian Corn, not
Jess than one acre, premiums, $10, 5

6. For largest quantity and best quality of English Hay,
•on not less than one acre, regard being had to the mode and
cost of cultivation, premiums, $10, 5

7. For best yield of Field Beans, on not less than half acre,
and not less than twentv-five bushels per acre, premiums,

$10, 5

ROOT CROPS.

1. For best conducted experiments in raising Carrots, fifty-
five pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

2. For best conducted experiments in raising Parsnips,
fifty-five pounds to the bnshel, premiums, $10, 5

3. For best conducted experiments in raising Ruta Bagas.
•sixty pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

4. For best conducted experiments in raising Mangold
Wurtzels, sixty pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

5. For best conducted experiments in raising Sugar Beets,
sixty pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

6. For best conducted experiments in raising Onions, fifty-
two pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

7. For best conducted experiments in raising Potatoes,
sixty pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

8. For best conducted experiments in raising Cabbages,
premiums, $10, 5

9. For best conducted experiments in raising Squashes,
premiums, $10, 5

10. For best conducted experiments in raising Summer
English Turnips for the market, premiums, $10, 5

Raised on not less than half an acre, and the quantity of
crop to be ascertained by weight; so far as practicable the
crop to be free from dirt, without tops, and in a merchantable
•condition at the time of measurement.

Claimants for premiums on Grain or Root Crops must for-
ward statement to chairman of committee before Nov. 1st.

218

FOREST TREES.

1. For plantation of either of the following species of
forest trees, viz. : — White Oak, Yellow Oak, Locust, Birch,
White Ash, Maple, Walnut, or White Pine, not less than
three years old, and not less than 1000 trees, premium, $20

2. For plantation of not less than 600 trees, premium, $10

3. For ornamental trees, ten or more set on any street, road
or farm, and oared for five years, premium, $10

CRANBERRIES.

For best conducted experiment in the cultivation of the
Cranberry, at least two summers, on not less than twenty rods
of land, with written statement of the quantity and quality
of land, expense of planting, weeding and culture, and amount
of crops produced. Premium to be paid in 1889 or 1890, $15

For best experiment do., on not less than ten rods of land,
premium, $10

For best do., on not less than five rods of land, premium, $5

STRAWBERRIES AND OTHER SMALL FRUITS.

For best crop of Strawberries, on not less than twenty rods
of land, expense of planting, culture, crop, etc., stated in
writing, premium, $10

For best crop Currants. Raspberries and Blackberries, with
statement as above, premiums, each, $10

NEW WINTER APPLES.

For a new variety of Winter Apple, originated in this
County, equal or superior to the Baldwin, premium. $100

For a new variety of like character originating elsewhere,
provided it has been cultivated in the County sufficiently to
urove it equal or superior to the Baldwin for general purposes,
premium, $20

For a successful experiment in destroying the codling moth

and other worms destructive to the apple, premium, $25

Note. — Persons who, Jap. 1, 1889, consider themselves competitors will
send Post Office address to Secretary, and others in the Comity wishing to
compete for ahove must notify Secretary, and furnish a full statement of
their'apple, and also scions when called for under his directions, to be
tested by the Society .

SEEDLING POTATOES AND EXPERIMENTS.

For best Seedling Potato, originating in Essex County, to
equal in yield, earliness and quality, the Early Rose, and to
surpass it in one or more of these particulars, premium paid
after three years' trial, $25

In testing the value of a Seedling Potato, the committee
are instructed to take the sworn testimony of the cultivator
with regard to the yield, after having inspected the crop.

219

For the most satisfactory experiment to extend through
five consecutive years, to settle tiie following tacts relative to
raising potatoes : — premium, $50

1st. Will whole, medium sized Potatoes, yield better re-
sults than pieces cut to two eyes ?

'2nd. What will be the result of continuously planting
small-sized potatoes of the same strain a series of years '.'

3rd. Lirierence between hilling and flat cultivation.

4th. Effect, if any, of cutting off seed ends before planting.

5th. Effects of deep and shallow planting.

(5th. liaising from sprouts alone from same strain.

7th. Can potatoes having dwarf vines be planted nearer
than others ?

8th. Best distances apart for seed in the drill.

9th. To show the effect of covering the top with earth at
several times after they had come up.

To be raised on not less than a half acre of land, uniform
in character, and all to receive the same kind and quality of
manure and cultivation, aud to be inspected by the committee
at the time of gathering the crops.

ESSAYS AND FARM ACCOUNTS.

The Essays must be transmitted to the Secretary by the
1st of November, with sealed envelopes containing the names
of their authors, respectively, which shall not be opened by
the committee, nor shall the names be known to the commit-
tee until they shall have decided upon the merits of the Es-
say.

For original Essays on any subject connected with Agricul-
ture, in a form worthy of publication, premiums, $15, 10, 8

For best statement of Actual Farm Accounts, drawn from
the experience of the claimant, in a form worthy of publica-
tion, premium, $10

For Reports of Committees upon subjects for which pre-
miums are offered, premiums, $10, 8, 6

LIBRARY.

Committee —Henry Wheatland, George M. Whipple.
Special Committee— Benj. P. Ware, David W. Low.

ENCOURAGING AGRICULTURAL LIBRARIES.

It shall be the duty of the Committee to communicate with
such persons in the several cities and towns in the County,
as, in their judgment, will best encourage the establishment
of, or improvement of, collections of books, pamphlets, re-
ports, essays, newspapers, etc., relating to agriculture, and
request their aid in thus advancing the cause of agriculture,
and co-operate with such persons in promoting the object
herein referred to.

Committee — Francis H. Appleton, Peabody; Henry Wheatland,
Salem; James J. H. Gregory, Marblehead.

220

NEW MEMBERS.

For the person who obtains the largest number of new
members for the Society from any Town or City before the
first day of November next, $6

Note.— Names of new members, with name of person procuring them,
can he sent as fast as obtained, to the Secretary of the Society, who wili
make a record of them.

Persons paying three dollars will receive a " Certificate of Membership,"

which is t'<«r life. No tines or assessments are ever imposed and members
are entitled to vote in all its transactions, with the tree use of the Library.
and a copy of the publication of the. Society each year.
Committee — Secretary, David W. Low, Gloucester.

TREADWELL FARM.

Committee — Benj. P. Ware, Marblehead ; C. C. Blunt, Andover*
B. P. Pike, Topsfleld; Wm. Cogswell, Bradford; David W. Low,'
Gloucester.

AUDITORS.

Committee— J. Hardy Phippen, Salem; Benj. P. Ware, Marble-
head; E. Pope Barrett, Peabody.

FARMERS' INSTITUTES.

Committee — Benjamin P. Ware, James P. King, C. C. Blunt, O S
Butler. D. W. Low.

DELEGATES.

From the Essex Agricultural Society to attend Exhibitions
of Societies, Farmers' Clubs and Fruit Growers' Associations
in Essex County, and report any information that shall seem
valuable for publication.

Secretary to be notified of time of holding their exhibition
when the chairman of Committe will be notified to assign
Delegates.

CONTENTS.

Address by Hon. H. G. Herrick, ... 3-

68th Cattle Show and Fair, . . . . .21

Report on Fat Cattle, .... 25

Statements regarding Fat Cattle, . . .26

Report on Bulls, ..... 27

« « Milch Cows, . . . . .28

Statement of Russell Cows, ... 29'

Report on Herd of Milch Cows, . 29

Statement of Russell Herd, .... 30

Report on Heifers, First-Class, . . .31

Statement of Short Horn Heifers, ... 32

Report on Heifers, Second Class, . . .33

" " Working Oxen and Steers, . . 33

" " Town Teams, . . . .35

" " Steers, ..... 35

" " Stallions, First Class, ... 36

" " Stallions, Second Class, ... 37

" " Brood Mares, . . . .38

" " Family Horses, .... 39

" " Gentlemen's Driving Horses, . . 39

" " Farm Horses, .... 40*

" " Pairs of Farm Horses, . . .40

'•' " Colts for Draft Purposes, . . 41

" " Colts for General Purposes, . . 41

" " Swine, First Class, ... 42

" " Swine, Second Class, . . .43

« " Sheep, ..... 43

" '; Poultry, . . . . .44

it a Agricultural Implements, . . 49

" " Carriages, . . . . .50

" of Exhibition Hall by its Superintendent, 50

" " Dairy, with statements, . . .54

" " Bread, Honey and Preserves, with statements, 55

" h Pears, ..... 60

" " Apples, ..... 62

" " Peaches, Grapes and Assorted Fruits, . 70

-- j

Report on Flowers., . . • • • • 2

<: " Vegetables, ... • • .75

'•' (i Grain and Seed, ... 82

" <•' Counterpanes and Afghans, . . 83

" " Carpetings and Hugs, ... 8o

" on Articles manufactured from Leather, . 86

'• •• Manufactures and General Merchandise, ST

" - Fancy Work and Works of Art, . . 88

" " Children's Work, ... 91

-' •• Improving Waste Lands, . . .92

with C. K. Ordway & Son's statement, . 95

'• •• Grain crops, .... 97

Statement of Oliver P. Killam, Corn crop, (.>8

" " Win. W. Perkins, Barley crop, 99

" " Root crops, .... 101

Statement of John H. George, Onion crop, 104

" " Charles W. Mann, Onion crop, 105

" " David Warren, Squash crop, 107-136

'•' Paul M. Ilsly, Squash crop, 108

'• " Charles W. Mann, Cabbage crop, 109

" " David Warren, Cabbage crop, 111-136

" " H. G. Herrick, Carrot crop, 112

" " C. K. Ordway & Son, Carrot crop, 113

" " R. Jaques, Turnip crop, . 114

" " Strawberries, and statement of Geo. J. Pierce, 115

Essay, Annuals, and their cultivation, by M. B. Faxon, 116

Essay, Cabbages and Onions, by Chas. W. Mann, . 124

Report on New Members, .... 137

« " Tread well Farm, .... 137

" " Farmers' Institutes, . . . 138

" " Essays and Reports, . . . 155

Report, In Memoriam, .... 156

Treasurer's Report, ..... 170

List of Premiums awarded, . . . 171

Recapitulation of Premiums, .... 176

Officers of the Society, . . . . 178

New Members, . . . . . .179

Changes of Members, .... 180

Corrections of 1886 list, .... 181

List of Members, ..... 182

List of Premiums offered for 1889, . . .196

TRANSACTIONS

FOR THE YEAR i88q,

OK THE

ESSEX AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY,

(ORGANIZED, 1818,)

FOR THE

COUNTY OF ESSEX,

IN MASSA i 'HVSETTS,

AND ITS

Sixty-seventh Annual Address,

CHARLES J. PEABODY,

OF TOPSFIELD,

WITH THE PREMIUM LIST FOR 1 890.

Published by Order of the Society.

BEVERLY, MASS. :

riMES STEAM BOOK AND JOB PRINT,
1889.

ADDRESS.

Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Society: —

I thank you for the honor conferred on me, by the appoint-
ment to address you on this occasion. "When I recall the long
list of able men who, in the sixtj'-nine years of the life of the
society, have at its annual meetings, laid before it the results
of extensive research, scientific study and practical knowledge,
I regard it as the highest mark of confidence and esteem, on
the part of the society that I should be asked to stand before
you to-day and deliver the address.

The selection of a subject is somewhat difficult, both because
the address should be of interest to those not directly engaged
in farming, differing in this respect from the essays read at our
Institutes, and also because so many interesting themes have
been already presented on former occasions. I have concluded
therefore not to give instruction in growing corn, cabbages or
cattle ; neither shall I engage in a political discussion. My
subject is " Agriculture in History." I ask your attention to
some facts gleaned from ancient and modern authors showiug
the advantage that agriculture confers upon a nation, not only
by producing the materials that make commerce possible, but
also in developing a noble type of manhood capable of enjoy-
ing the privilege of citizenship and upholding the prosperity of
their country.

We shall see the great progress made in our calling since
early times to the best advantage, if we glance at the primitive
method of producing farm crops. Take grain for example.
The oldest known way of raising this crop was that used in
Egypt, where the seed was sown on the mud left by the over-

flow of the Nile, and trampled in by a herd of swine, nothing
more being done to it until harvest.

Egypt, Chaldia and China were the first nations to apply an-
imal power to agriculture. To Egypt we are indebted for the
discovery of artificial incubation, the account of which we find
in Rollins' Ancient History. Probably the oldest farm tool is
one resembling a pick, sculptured on the Egyptian tombs. It
was used to dig over the land before planting.

After the discovery of the use of draft animals for farm
work, the plow was invented, and one is described as in use in
Greece, where it had been brought from Egypt a thousand
years before the Christian era ; it consisted of beam, share and
handles. "We have from the bible the account of a Chaldian
farmer who did such a large business that his ploughing team
consisted of five hundred yoke of oxen, while seven thousand
sheep grazed on his farm. From the same source we learn of
Gideon, the young thresher, the resounding blows of whose
flail come down to us through the ages as a stimulus to earnest
effort under adverse circumstances, which thrilling story has
doubtless nerved many a man since his day to mighty deeds of
valor.

From incidental mention we learn much about the farm pro-
ductions of Judea in the time of the kings and prophets.
Onions, cucumbers, wheat, barley, grapes and several orchard
fruits are mentioned, with comment and instruction concerning
their cultivation in many places. At a time of rejoicing, be-
cause of abundant harvests, we are told that com made the
young men cheerful and new wine the maids, clearly showing
that a subtle influence is required to convince a young lady
of the pleasures of farm life than satisfies a man.

The cultivation of our common fruits may be also traced to
ancient Greece, where the apple, pear, cherry and peach were
cultivated and many improved varieties developed to supply the
tables and fill the market of that people. Agriculture however,
in any of its branches, was not a source of pride with them as

it afterward became with the Romans. The Greeks regarded
the cultivation of the soil as the occupation of captives and
slaves, while the ruling race builded cities.

It is held by some writers that the growth and power of the
Roman empire was largely due to the great importance attached
to land ownership. A tract of land was allotted to each citizen
by the state itself, and every man was restricted by law to the
seven acres so granted, the object being, as the area of farm
land controlled by the state was limited, that no one should own
enough to deprive his neighbor of a portion. Later in history,
as the size of the empire increased by conquest, fifty acres
were allowed, and in the height of the nation's power five hun-
dred could be held by law. The ownership of land was made a
requisite for citizenship, that the man might learn industry,
economy and frugality, the necessity of producing something
for his own support and that of others, and also that owning a
home and having a personal interest in the land he should be
wise in government, brave in repelling invasion, and eager to
confer upon others the benefits he enjoyed.

The planting of trees to protect fields, orchards and buildings
from wind and storm was commonly practised. Pliny says that
men should plant trees while young and not build houses till the
fields were planted. A maxim much like Solomon's "Prepare
thy work without and make it fit for thyself in the field and
afterward build thy house." Pliny tells of a great grain crop,
four hundred stalks of wheat, all grown from a single seed,
were sent to the Emperor Augustus.

The plow, harrow, spade, hoe, rake and perhaps other tools
familiar to us, were used by the Romans, though in a ruder
form than at present. A day's work plowing was one-third of
an a^re. At the time of which we now speak, numerous colo-
nies of the empire were established in countries more or less
distant from Rome, and the next marked advance in agriculture
was caused by the opening of a trade in farm produce sent
from the colonies to Italy to supply food to that densely popu-

lated country. Roads were built and regular methods of com-
munication formed, the distant farmer found a market, the
trader a staple commodity to deal in. AVe doubt not the crop
reports were read then as eagerly as now, but whether a corner
was ever formed in wheat or a tariff laid on raw material, his-
tory saith not.

The Romans not only developed agriculture but highly hon-
ored the pursuit. The highest title possible to confer upon a
citizen was to call him a good husbandman. Cato, an author, a
general, and a statesman, added to his already famous name by
writing a book upon farming. They believe that

111 fares that land to hast'ning ills a prey,
What wealth accumulates and men decay,
Princes and kings may flourish or may fade;
A breath can make them as a breath has made,
But a brave yeomanry, a country's pride,
If once they're lost can never be supplied.

The Roman senate ordered the twenty-eight books of Mays of
Carthage translated into Latin for the benefit of the common
people, forming probably the first agricultural library in the
world. A century before the Christian era Rome possessed an
extensive and valuable agricultural literature ; many of the di-
rections given in the book of that time cannot be improved to-
day. As an example we may cite the rule given in a treatise on
gardening, to prepare the seed-bed thoroughly, making it fine
and deep ; cultivate the crop with care and allow nothing ex-
cept the crop to hold possession of the soil. A maxim among
them was, "The farmer may praise large estates, but let him
cultivate a small one.

While the Romans held possession of Britain, important pro-
gress in its agriculture was made, confined however to, a small
section of the island. They were succeeded by the Saxons,
who were nomadic in habit, owning cattle but raising no hoed
crops. Barley was the only crop raised, and the people fre-
quently changed their residence, as pasturage for their cattle
required. The occupants of the soil had no security for prop-

erty till after the middle of the fifteenth century. The crusades
improved the condition of the English farmer somewhat, by
withdrawing many of the nobles from the country, making the
acquisition of land easier to the common people. The sixteenth
century was the time when the progress of the middle classes
began, and since then it has been uninterrupted and agriculture
has steadily advanced.

The first book on farming published in England, bears the
date of 1523, and was called the "Book of Husbandry;" it
was written by Sir Anthony Fitz-Herbert, a farmer of forty-one
years experience. He advocated mixed farming and says, tk a
farmer cannot thrive by his corn without cattle, nor by his cattle
without corn, hence he should raise both." The name of
Jethrow Trull appears in the early part of the eighteenth cen-
tury, as a progressive farmer, a part of whose experience will be
of interest to us. He visited Spain and found the method of
cultivating hoed crops in drills was in common use in that
country, though at that time unknown elsewhere. It had been
introduced to Spain by the Saracens, who practised irrigation,
and found that a supply of water could be applied to a crop
more evenly and with less expense when grown in rows ; the
better appearance of fields thus planted, favorably impressed
Mr. Trull and on his return home he determined to introduce
the method to England. But when he told his workmen to
plow straight furrows for planting, instead of digging out the
hills with bog-hoes, as they had always done, they refused, on
the ground that the use of the plow would deprive them of
work. In vain Mr. Trull told them that he could plant more
land and would keep them emploj-ed. They would have noth-
ing to do with foreign ways. Whereupon he took the plow and
did the work himself. " We'll be even with him yet," said the
men, " he can't hoe his field alone and not one of us will do a
day's work for him."' By this time Mr. Trull was determined
to win in the contest, and being a man of inventive capacity, at
hoeing time he appeared in the field with a horse-hoe of his own

invention and manufacture, and astonished every body b}' hoe-
ing all his crops with his horse and no other help, while the men
sat on the fence. Thus ended the first strike of farm laborers
of which I find any record. A little later he invented a thresh-
ing machine which was successfully used and remained as he
constructed it for many j^ears. These two inventions greatly
advanced farming interests by reducing the cost of producing
and preparing crops for market.

The next great movement after Trull was made by Bakewell
and his associates in improving the stock of the country. By
careful selection of the best cattle and sheep from many herds
and flocks, putting together those that resembled each other
and breeding to secure definite points, he succeeded in estab-
lishing breeds, some of which exist to this day. For instance
the black face on white sheep is said to date from his time. It
is also claimed that the Durham cattle are a breed which he
founded. He professed to have a secret power over animals to
produce such results as he chose ; this claim increased his popu-
larit}' and aided him in selling for high prices the results of his
skill in breeding, the explanation of this fact being that he was
a natural judge of cattle and could tell at a glance of what they
were capable. An amusing story is told of an attempt to im-
pose upon him and his skill in detecting the fraud.

At the time he was establishing his breed of black face sheep,
he was very anxious to obtain a large black face ram that
should yield a certain amount of wool, weigh so many pounds,
and possess the vigor and power desirable. His search had
been for a long time fruitless ; at length a man came with a
sheep that appeared to fill the bill. Mr. Bakewell was delighted
till he noticed that although the ram's face was as black as a
coal, his legs were perfectly white. He however said nothing
of his suspicions to the owner, but asking him to mark the
sheep so it could be identified, it was turned into the flock, and
the owner told to call the next da}- for his pay. Immediately
the sheep were let into wet grass. The ram, feeding with the

others, lost the black from nose and cheek. In consequence,
the following day the famous black face was white. When the
owner called, Mr. Bakewell told him he wanted a different kind
of black, and advised him next time to dye in the wool.

We next notice the researches of Arthur Young, who was
born in 1741. This work gave valuable information upon the
sources of fertility in soils. Previous to his time ammonia was
considered injurious to plants. He proved it beneficial.

In 1768 the defects in Scotch farming were pointed out in an
article by Lord Karnes, viz : small oxen, poor horses, no swine,
ridges left in fields, etc. Forty years later these defects were
remedied, says John Sinclair, largely by the habit of reading
that had grown up among farmers and through the influence of
agricultural addresses.

The experiments of Lawes and Gilbert, and other recent
English authorities in the various departments of agriculture,
are too widely known to require more than a passing reference.

The obligation of agricultural science and chemistry to the
great Baron Liebig of Germany, are admitted by all, he having
laid the foundations on which many others have builcled wisely
and well.

Thus having hastily glanced at some prominent points in the
development of agricultural interests through the history of
various nations, let us turn our attention to our own country and
see what has been the progress of the fine art of farming among
us. On the arrival of our forefathers to these shores they
found a new cereal of priceless value to them in the severity of
the long winter, the Indian corn, which saved the lives of that
little company, and introduced to the world an article of food
for man and beast that has enriched our farmers and filled many
a ship to supply the wants of other countries. Corn, not cot-
ton, is king of American farming, adapted as it is to all our
variations of climate, thriving on almost an}' soil, repaying care
with golden grain, and enduring neglect and hardship as bravely
as the Indian whose name it bears.

Well does Whittier, the poet, whom farmers delight to honor,
sing,

" Heap high the farmer's wintry hoard!

Heap high the golden corn !
No richer gift has Autumn poured

From out her lavish horn !
Still let the good old crop adorn

The hills our fathers trod;
Still let us, for his golden corn,
Send up our thanks to God."

Yet another use for this plant has been found within recent
years. Our honored friend, Francis H. Appleton, has made
knowu to the couutry through an article written for the Essex
Agricultural Society the art of preserving ensilage and con-
structing pits or silos that the benefits of green fodder might be
enjoyed through one long winter. There is also some hope that
a practical method is being perfected for making syrup and a
good article of sugar from the stalk. If it succeeds the Yankee
farmer will not care a continental for the sugar trust. He can
now raise his bread, his beef, pork and poultr}* from the grain
and fodder of the corn-plant, and if he gets sugar also, he will
guess that it was lucky for him when his ancestors got so hun-
gry and hunted up the original supply.

The potato, too, is an American vegetable, our market reports
quoting "Irish potatoes" to the contrary, notwithstanding. It
is a native of South America, where it is still growing wild
among the Andes, and it is also found in Colorado.

These two American gifts to the world go far to reciprocate
the benefits we receive from the wheat and onions of Egypt, the
beets of Spain, and the cabbage of Holland.

At this time, amid many books on agriculture, it is interesting
to know that the first work on the subject published in America
was written by Jared Elliot of Connecticut in 1747. The first
agricultural society in the country was that of South Carolina in
1784 followed by New York in 1791, Massachusetts iu 1792,
and numerous others at later dates. It is largely in consequence
of the influence of such societies that the American fanner is

the intelligent thinking man he has ever been, nor has his
thinking failed to ripen into practical effort for the improvement
of his condition.

The inventive English farmer, Mr. Trull, has been followed
by many among ourselves who, feeling the want of some im-
plement of better construction than could be found, have suc-
ceeded in producing it. Mr. Nourse, of the old firm of Ruggles,
Nourse & Mason, modelled his famous plow in potatoes. Feel-
ing sure some better plow could be made than he had, he set to
work to make a pattern. A basket of large potatoes and his
jack-knife were the means b}r which he secured the model of the
plow that the older men among us often speak of as the stan-
dard by which all other plows came to be judged.

Scientific experiments have given some curious results. For
instance, the exhibition by Prof. Mapes at the fair of the
American Institute in 1834 of samples of sugar made from the
juice of the corn stalk, starch, linen rags and wood fibre.

Looking for the great inventions which in recent years have
improved the condition of the farmer by increasing his power
to do work by animal strength, instead of human muscle, the
mowing machine stands first in our local agriculture with its as-
sociates the tedder and rake. The sulky plow, the various disk
and smoothing harrows which the operator rides, give a rest
from some of the severer labor which formerly was required in
the several lines of farm work.

The great increase in the milk business within the last twenty
years confers a much appreciated blessing upon us by giving a
constant source of ready money. Though the profits are small,
yet were the sale of milk stopped or reduced to the amount of
twenty-five years ago, many men would be unable to continue
their business. Creameries afford the same advantage to those
too far from market to sell milk with certainty. To the country
at large, the development of the grain trade with Europe has
been of immense advantage. While the foreign trade in cattle
and dressed meats have contributed greatly to the prosperity

and success of the producers of these staples; we notice other
improvements in the farmer's condition in the more careful at-
tention given to vegetable, fruit and flower culture, both for
market and home use. This society has done much to encour-
age an increased interest in these productions by its liberal
premiums. While the able essays of Pres. Ware on the cabbage
and corn crops, with the agricultural pamphlets of J. J H.
Gregory inform the beginner and stimulate the experienced
farmer to acquire better methods and results. Nor is the wise
method of the day, to devote attention to specialties, over-
looked by our officers. The recent reorganization of the poultry
department of the show, and Mr. E. C. Woodman's manage-
ment of the flower exhibit attest the value of such arrangement.
Who doubts that the hen-yards and flower gardens of the
country are made more productive and beautiful by what is
learned at the show to-day.

Let us inquire what our government is doing to show its ap-
preciation of the farmers of our nation. First, we have the
department of agriculture which sends its annual reports of in-
vestigation carried on at public expense, to all farmers who de-
sire it and will apply to the congressmen of their districts for a
cop}'. These reports are made by men skilled in accurate,
careful research and are well worth thoughtful study. We have
also the public seed distribution, ridiculed by some but I am
indebted to it for several choice varieties of vegetables. This
seed distribution is specially valuable in the western country at
a distance from seedsmen, and many a garden affords greater
variety and improved quality of food because of the kindly gift
of rare seed.

The nation further recognizes its obligation to the tiller of the
soil by furnishing funds to establish State Agricultural Colleges,
The recent munificent appropriation for State experiment stations
puts within the power of every one of us to secure free of ex-
pense, the best scientific knowledge and skill in solving any
problem we meet in our work as farmers. I have twice sent to

the Experiment Station at Amherst for aid in deciding disputed
points and found a read}', helpful response. Let us realize that
the station exists to help us and use its help freely. The state
cattle commission affords veterinary aid of high order in time of
need. The State Board of Agriculture through its excellent re-
ports gives the best fresh information about our calling ; its
record of what is done by the farmers of the State is inspiring
and in the last report that for 1888, Sec'y. Session fills the ideal
of what such a report should be. Our County Society does its
part well in the great work of education. Hon. John E. Russell
when secretary of the State Board of Agriculture, said that
Essex County had contributed more to agricultural literature
than all the other counties of the State. Hon. Geo. B. Loring
told me that in the reports of our county society could be found
the best practical guides to success in farming that were ever
written, because they were not what somebody thought could
be done, but what had been done, often a very different thing.
He said that when as commissioner of agriculture he received a
letter from some distant state asking information about a crop,
or breed of cattle, he often turned to his file of Essex County
Agricultural reports to obtain the desired information. I know
that a New York gentleman looking for the best practical barn
that could be built at reasonable expense, secured the plan and
working drawings with details of construction of the barn on
this society's farm at Topsfield.

Thus it will be seen that county, state and nation extend
abundant aid to the man who will give his life to the cultivation
of the soil. Nor need we look to ancient nations for examples
of men called from the plow to public life. One of our Essex
county farmers is Asa T. Newhall, recently in the State Senate,
and the same gentleman is now Mayor of Lynn. I doubt not
that the skill that induced a squash to grow engraved with his
name and address, will make some mark of ability and success
in whatever field he finds himself. Our genial secretary too has
been called from farming the rocky ways of Cape Ann, to a po-

sition as county commissioner. Long may he hold that office.
We of the seventh representative district, have a long Pike
whom we were proud to show in the House of Representatives
last winter, and the list might be prolonged for among us to-day,
merit is recognized and as Dr. Loring once put it, " the farmer's
boy need not take the Governor's dust if he has a horse that can
pass him." Though the farmer may not have so much ready
tact and promptness as the business man, he yet is wise.

" In secrets Nature taught him

The wisdom which the fields and brooks

And toiling men have brought him."

The man educated from these sources, sees the fallacy of
many of the proposed remedies for dull times, inequality of
wages and the discontent that would ' ' burn the barn to destroy
the hornet's nest." He has firm faith that the nation will hold
its equal way, notwithstanding the shock of anarchy at the
"West, or the theories of agitators at the East, who would im-
pose all taxation upon the land. The farmers of the country
are its great conservative force, not easily swayed by transient
movements, standing in their might as the powerful dispensers
of the rich bounty of Nature, drawing from the soil their sup-
port, constantly using skill to unlock some new store-house of
fertility. The increase of population but stimulates production
so the myriad toilers in all other occupations may look to them
to be fed. For

" Honor waits o'er all the earth
Through endless generations,
The art that calls the harvest forth
And feeds expectant nations."

SIXTY-NINTH

Annual Cattle Show and Fair.

The Cattle Show and Fair of this Society opened Tuesday,
Sept. 24th, 1889, in Beverly, for the first time in its history, aud
Dame Nature vied with its citizens in giving it a kindly greeting,
making it throughout a complete success.

The general excellence of its exhibits in its well arranged
Hall and Annex, and Fair Crounds, with the great attendance at
both, and what is often remarked at our Fairs, the good order
and good nature of the crowds of people in attendance, are all
sources of pride.

The Ploughing Match of this year (a failure last year on
account of the storm,) was one of the most attractive and inter-
esting features, and excellent work was done.

The exhibits on the Show Grounds exceed in number that of
last year, in Milch Cows, Farm Horses, Colts, Agricultural
Implements and Carriages, the latter having a special tent, pro-
vided adjoining the Town Hall, (Exhibition Hall,) which was
free to all as usual.

In the Exhibition Hall, the show of fruit fell short of previous
years in quality and quantity, there were, however, exhibits of
some fruits of exceptional and unusual merit. The exhibits of
Domestic Manufacture were very large and of improved rank-
For a better description of that department of the Fair, ref-
erence may be had to the reports of the Superintendent of Hall
and Committee, which are to be found under the head of Exhi-
bition Hall.

On Sept. 25th, the Annual Address was delivered by Mr.
Charles J. Peabody, of Topsfield, before a large gathering of
members and others, in the First Baptist Church, and was very
interesting and instructive. The scripture reading and prayer
by the Pastor, Rev. R. D. Grant, was peculiarly appropriate for
the occasion, as was also the siuging by the choir. After the
conclusion of the services in the Church, Dinner was served in
the vestry in a very satisfactor}7 mauner, after which the Presi-
dent made a short speech, and introduced Mr. D. M. Howe, of
Charlton, Delegate from the State Board of Agriculture, fol-
lowed by Hon. Warren Brown, of Hampton Falls, N. H., Presi-
dent of the New Hampshire Agricultural Society, Mr. B. M.
Bean, of Grassrange, Montana, Rev. R. D. Grant, of Beverly,
Dr. Goodale, President of the Houghton Horticultural Society
of Lynn, Hon. John I. Baker, of Beverly, Rev. O. S. Butler, of
Georgetown, Mr. C. J. Peabody, of Topsfield, all of whom con-
tributed with praise, advice, criticism, instruction or wit, to a
greater or less extent, in to the entertainment.

Letters of regret were announced from invited guests unable
to be present. After the speeehes, the remaining business of
the Society was transacted, among which a resolution of thanks
was passed.

To the Town Officers and Board of Trade, of Beverby, the
Chief Marshal and Aids, and all others who had aided to make
the gathering of the Society in Beverly a success.

To the Officers of the First Baptist Church, for the use of
their Church and Vestry so generously tendered.

To Mr. Charles J. Peabody, of Topsfield, for his able address,
requesting a copy for publication.

To. Mr. Peabody, of Salem, for his generous offer to the
Society for holding the Fair upon his grounds in Beverly.

To Mr. John H. Lovett, of Gloucester, for the use of his land
in Beverly for ploughing, which he so freeh* tendered.

To the Boston & Maine Railroad, for its free transportation
of the Society's effects from Peabody and other facilities for
freight and passage to and from the Fair.

The entries in the several departments of the Fair for 1889 in
Beverly, and 1888 in Peabody, are tabulated for comparison as
follows : —

STOCK, IMPLEMENTS, ETC., ON FREE SHOW GKOTJXDS.

Class.

Entries From Dif-
in ferent places
1889. in 1S89.

Entries From Elf-
in ferent places

Fat Cattle, 5 3

Bulls, 10 6

Milch Cows, 22 7

Herds of Milch Cows, 4 3

Heifers,First Class, 10 3

Heifer Calves, First Class, 4 3

Heifers, Second Class, 11 4

Heifer Calves, Sec. Class, 4 2

Working Oxen & Steers, 7 5

Town Teams, 0 0

Steers, 4 3

Stallions, First Class, 0 0

Stallions, Second Class, 3 3

Brood Mares, First Class, 6 4

Brood Mares, Second Class, 9 7

Family Horses, 10 9

Gents' Driving Horses, 1 1

Farm Horses, 10 7

Pairs of Farm Horses, weigh-
ing 2,500 lbs. and over, 3 2
Pairs of Farm Horses, weigh-
ing less than 2,500 ,
Colts for Draft Purposes,
Colts for G-en'l Purposes,
Swine, First Class,
Swine, Second Class,
Sheep,
Poultry,

Harrows for trial,
Agricultural Implements,
Carriages,
Ploughing,

Total on Free Show

Grounds, 440 25

*Storm prevented trial.

1888.

4
10

4
18

5"
10

in IStfti.

123

120

17*

381

EXHIBITS IN HALL AND ANNEX.

From Dif- From Dif-

Class. Entries ferent Towns Entries ferent Towns

in and Cities in and Cities

1889. in 1889. 1888. in 1888.

Dairy, 8 5 8 6
Bread, honey and

Preserves, 60 8 96 12

Pears, 207 16 236 18

Apples, 125 17 246 23
Peaches, Grapes and

Assorted Fruits, 105 13 86 6

Flowers, 70 13 84 11

Vegetables, 317 21 399 22

Grain and Seed, 25 12 18 10
Counterpanes and

Afghans, 111 14 105 10

Carpetings and Rugs, 68 8 51 10
Articles manufactured

from Leather, 18 4 13 5
Manufactures and

General Mdse., 22 8 29 7

Fancy Work, 306 16

Art Work, 153 9
Work of children under

12 years » 38 10 45

257 17

1633 29 1673 31

Grand Total, 2073 entries from 30, out of 35 towns and cities
in Essex County, against 2054 entries from 32 towns and cities,
at Peabody, last year. Haverhill, Methuen, Nahant, Salisbury,
and Saugus did not have exhibits this year. The entries were
from Amesbury, 31 ; Andover, 6 ; Beverly, 740 ; Boxford, 26 ;
Bradford, 50 ; Danvers, 203 ; Essex, 27 ; Georgetown, 4 ;
Gloucester, 5; Groveland, 11 ; Hamilton, 11 ; Ipswich, 14 ; Law-
rence 16 ; Lynn, 95 ; Lynnfield, 10 ; Manchester, 6 ; Marble-
head, 24 ; Merrimac, 1 ; Middleton, 26 ; Newbury, 44 ; Newburj--
port, 4 ; North Andover, 19 ; Peabody, 247 ; Rockport, 4; Row-
ley, 18 ; Salem, 311 ; Swampscott, 14 ; Topsfield, 23 ; Wenham,
58 ; West Newbury, 23 ; Concord, N. H., 1.

REPORT OF THE DELEGATE OF THE STATE BOARD

OF AGRICULTURE TO THAT BOARD OF HIS

VISIT TO THE ESSEX SOCIETY'S

FAIR IN 1888.

Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen : I visited the Essex County
Fair, which was held at Peabody ou the 25th day of September,
and the weather of the first day was one of the lovely days of
this month, and the exhibition of cattle and horses was more
then an average in numbers, and one feature of this cattle show
as it may be called such, is that the society offer no premiums
for trotting horses, perhaps one reason of this is, the society
own no grounds to have a track, and hold their fairs in different
parts of the county. There was a fine exhibition of fifteen
head of full blood Holstein by Mr. Russell, also some fine Dur-
hams and a larger number of Jerseys and a few Swiss cattle,
and nearly all of the bulls and cows had a printed pedigree
tacked on the fence in which they were enclosed.

I wish to say here, the societ}7 have a moveable fence which I
think other societies might take pattern from and save expense
of building new every few years. The show of sheep was
small, only three flocks were shown, one of Schropshire and
two of South Downs, but were very fine, especially the South
Downs owned by the Island stock farm from Bedford Place.
The show of swine was quite large, seventeen pens and all
breeds represented and worthy of attention, and many of these
were pure blood breeds. There were twenty-five yoke of oxen
and twenty-one pair of horses, which were made to show their
training and ability to work, by each" pair drawing a certain
load of stone on a wagon or cart, a certatn distance up hill and
down and turning it around twice, which must have needed a

committee of very good judgment to decide which to make the
awards to, as the}- all performed their work so well.

There were several Percheron stallions on exhibition and one
very fine one, bred by L. S. Burnham, whose weight tipped the
scales at 1680 lbs. The exhibition of agricultural and mechaui-
cal productions were on the grounds under cover of large tents,
rented by the society for this purpose. A fine display of most
all improved agricultural implements, also fine carriages and fire
engine and hose cart. At the close of the first day's programme
there was a parade of all oxen, steers and horses, headed by the
band through the principal streets of Peabody, which I learned
was a new feature of the fair, and was enjoyed by all. The ex-
hibition of household manufactures, and the floral department,
and fruits, and shoe and leather manufactures were shown in
Peabody Town Hall. The vegetables were in basement of the
same hall, and was most equal to the show of the Bay State Fair
at Springfield. Over 300 plates of apples of all varieties and
sizes, from large Pippiu down to the small crab, and about
300 plates of pears, and plums numbered 30 plates, all of which
should have 12 of each, and 50 plates and baskets of grapes, all
nicely arranged on separate tables across the hall. There was
also a very large and beautiful arrangement of vegetables and
seeds by Aaron Low and Mr. Gregory, the great seedsmen of
Essex County, and several others. I was shown what great
improvement had been made in Essex Couniy in the quantity
per acre, and quality of the Danvers onion and orange, carrot,
cabbages and squashes, and other varieties of vegetables.

The Ladies department was full of all kinds of their needle
work and painting, and great taste was shown in arranging them.
The Exhibition Hall was kept open to the public in the evenings
of both days, which gave a great many a chance to visit the
show in the evening that could not be present in the day time ,
but the second day dawned with wind and rain, and such a
storm T don't remember of witnessing. Some call it a second
equinoctial, which of course put a stop to fulfilling the pro-

gramme, the wind tearing the branches from the shade trees, so
as to stop the street cars, but for all this the society had their
annual address and dinner, but the attendance was very small.
I saw nothing but what the society are worthy of their money
from the State, and I wish, through the delegate of the Essex
County Society, to thank the officers for their attention and
kind hospitality during my stay in Peabody.

Eespectfully,

Wm. H. Snow, Delegate.

REPORT OF COMMITTEES.

1889.

FAT CATTLE.

The Committee on Fat Cattle have attended to their duty, and
respectfully report to the Secretary that they have made the fol-
lowing awards :

$8. First premium, to James C. Poor, North Andover, for

1 pair of Holstein oxen, 6 years old, weight 3900 lbs.
86. Second premium, to Jas. P. Little, Amesbury, for

1 pair Devon oxen, 7 years old, weight 3775 lbs.
83. Third premium, to Jas. P. Little, Amesbury, for 1 pair of

Durham Oxen, 7 years old, weight 4000 lbs.
Ephraim A. Dane, T. H. O'Neil, Allen Smith, James P.
King — Committee.

STATEMENT OP J. P. LITTLE.

Amesbury, Sept. 25, 1889.

These oxen which I enter for premium are seven years old,
and weigh 4000 lbs. They worked all winter, and have done
the work on the farm this summer, until within about four
weeks, when I turned them to pasture.

Their feed during the winter was English ha}7, salt hay and
ensilage, with four quarts of Indian meal each per clay. When

at pasture they had no grain. I have owned these oxen since
they were one year old.

Yours respectfully,

J. P. Little.

BULLS.

The Committee on Bulls, have attended to their duty, and
respectfully report to the Secretary that they have made the fol-
lowing awards :

$8. First premium, to Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for Guern-
sey Bulls, two years old and upward, "Sultan Jr," No.
1499, A. G. C. C. H. R., dropped, Jan 3, 1886. Bred by
Col. Hale. Sire, "Sultan," No. 329 ; Dam, "Evelina,"
No. 867.

$4. First premium, to Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for Ayrshire
Bull, under two years old, "Athlone," No. 4332, (Vol.
7), A. A.H. B., dropped, Oct. 18, 1887. Bred by C.
M. Winslow, Brandon, Vt. Sire, "Rhosus," No. 390,
(Vol. 4,) A. A. H. B. Dam, "Roxanno," No. 5955,
(Vol. 4,) A. A. H. B.

$4. First premium,to Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for Short Horn

Bull,under two years old, "Duke of Bradford," dropped,

Dec. 15th, 1887. Bred by George Harding, "Waukesha,

Wis. Sire, "Noxubee Duke," 88,223 ; Dam, "Rose of

Anoka," (Vol. 33, Page 606,) A. S. H. H. B.

$4. Second premium, to Shattuck Brother, Lawrence, for two
years old Holstein, "Roscoe D.," No. 8377, H. F. H. B.
Sire, "White Nose Chief," No. 916.

$2. First premium, to Shattuck Brothers, Lawrence, for Hol-
stein Bull Calf,"Cornwall Prince," eligible for registry,
sired by "Lord of Cornwall," No. 3429.

$8. First premium, to Mrs. J. C. Phillips, Moraine Farm,
Beverly, for Jersey Bull, "Ramapogis," No. 15,293, A. J.

C. C.,clropped, June 28, 1885. Sire "Rioter Hugo Pogis,"
13457,A. J. C. C.,Dara, "ButterstainpLass," 19,517, A.
J. C. C.

$8. First premiurn,to Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for Holstein
Bull, "Royal Archer," No. 32G3, H. H. B., 4 years old.

$4. First premium, to Arthur E. Clark, Beverly, for Yearliug
Jersey Bull, "Billy, elligible for registry.

Doaue Cogswell, L. H. Bailey, R. Jaques — Committee.

MILCH COWS.

The Committee on Milch Cows have attended to their duty,
and respectful^' report to the Secretary that they have made
the following awards :
$15. First premium, to Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for best

milch cow, Holstein, "Lady Shepard."
$10. First premium, to Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for best

milch cow, Holstein.
$10. First premium, to Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for best

milch cow, of either native, foreign or grade.
$4. Second premium, to Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for

milch cow, foreign, native or grade.
$10. First premium, to John S. Ives, Salem, for grade Ay.

shire.
$10. First premium, to Mrs. J. C. Phillips, Beverly, for best
Jersey.
$4. Second premium, to Mrs. J. C. Phillips, Beverly, for

2d best Jersey.
84. Second premium to Shattuck Bros. Andover, for 2d best

Holstein.
H. Gc. Herrick, J. F. Smith, Oscar Gowen — Committee.

STATEMENT OF WM. A. RUSSELL.

To Committee on Milch Cows:
I enter for best milch cow, of any age or breed, Holstein-Fre-

sian cow, "Lady Shepard," No. 1586, H. F. H. B., 7 wars old,
dropped last calf, Aug. 28, 1889. She has given GO pounds
per da}r for 20 days in September, and from September 1 ,
1888, to June 1, 1889, she gave 13,168 pounds of milk.
As a 2 years old, with her first calf, she gave 10,000 pounds
milk in one year.

For best milch cow, either foreign, native, or grade, Holstein-
Fresiau cows, "Lady Lyons," 8 years old, No. 6805, H. F.
H. B., and "Lady Bess," No. 1051, H. F. H. B.

"Lady Lyons" calved Aug. 1, 1889, has not been served, from
Aug. 10, to Sept. 20, she has given 2320 pounds milk, from
Sept. 1, 1888, to June 1, 1889, her milk record is 13",316 pounds
age 8 years.

"Lady Bess, 10 years old, calved April 25, 1889. Due in
March, 1890. From May 1, to Sept. 1, she has given 6773
pounds milk, and she has not been dry for three years.

For Feed, and manner of feeding, see statement of Herd of
Milch Cows.

For Holstein-Fresian cows 4 years old and upwards.

"Belle Fairfax," No. 1117, 10 years old, and "Madam Aber-
dare, No. 6803, 9 years old. "Belle Fairfax," calved Dec. 25,

1888, and is due in Jan, 1889, Her milk record from Jan. 1,

1889, to Sept. 1, is 12006 pounds. "Madam Aberdare,"
calved Aug. 17, 1888, is due in June, 1890. Her milk record
from Sept. 1, 1888 to Sept. 1, 1889, is 15564 pounds.

Respectfully submitted,

Vm. A. Russell,

By J. C. Poor, Manager.

STATEMENT OF JOHN S. IVES, OF SALEM.
GRADE MILCH COW.

I enter for the consideration of your committee my Grade
Ayrshire cow, (Daisy.) She is 6 years old last spring, calved
March 15, and gave the first week in April, 16 qts. per day.

The last week in June she milked 19 qts. strained milk per day,
and is now giving 14 qts. She is due to calve March 1 ; she
has had no grain since May 20, (grass only) with fodder corn,
since Sept. 1, (this month), she is a free milker, gives excellent
milk, and a perfect cow in every respect.

Respectfully yours,

John S. Ives.

STATEMENT OF SHATTUCK BROTHERS OF LAWRENCE.

To Committee on Milch Cows:

Holstein Milch cow, "Alemena," imported in 1884, from
North Holland, No. 7489, H. F. H. B., has given over 60 lbs.
milk in one day, twice milking, without any extra feed, giving
now 45 and 50 lbs, per day. Calved July 30, 1889, feed, 2 qts.
meal, 2 qts. oats, and 2 qts. bran, twice daily.

HERDS OF MILCH COWS.

The Committee on Herds of Milch Cows have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :
$18. First premium, to Win. A, Russell, Lawrence, for herd

of Holsteins.
$18. First premium, to Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for herd of

Ayrshires.
$18. First premium, to Harry H. Hale,Bradford, for herd of

Guernseys.
$18. First premium, to Mrs. J. C. Phillips, Beverly, for herd

of Jerseys.
Moses K. Noyes, S. F. Crossman, G. B. Bradley, J. Henry
Nason — Committee.

STATEMENT OP W5I. A. RUSSELL.

To the Committee on Herds of Milch Cows:

I enter for herd of milch cows, Holstein-Fresian cows, "Lady
Shepard," No. 1586 ; "Lady Bess," No. 1051 ; Lady Lyons,
No. 6805; Belle Fairfax, No. 1117; Madam Aberdare, No.
6803.

"Lady Shepard" calved Aug. 28, 1889. "Lady Bess" calved
April 25, 1889, is due March, 1890. "Lady Lyons" calved
Aug. 1, 1889, has not been served. "Belle Fairfax" calved
Dec. 25, 1888, is due in Jan. 1890. "Madam Aberdare" calved
Aug 17, 1888, is due in June, 1890.

"Lady Shepard" milk record from Sept. 1st, to 20, 1200 lbs ;
from Sept. 1, 1888, to June 1, 1889, 13168 lbs. "Lady Bess"
milk record from May 1, 1888, to Sept. 1, 1889, 6773 lbs ; from
Sept. 1, 1888, to Sept. 1, 1889, 11952. "Lady Lyons" milk
record from Sept. 1, 1888, to Sept. 1, 1889, 1514. "Belle
Fairfax" milk record from Jan, 1, 1889, to Sept. 1889, 12006
lbs. "Madam Aberdare" milk record from Sept. 1, 1888, to
Sept. 1, 1889, 15564.

Care and Feed of Herd of Milch Cows.

The summer feed for these cows has been pasture, with two
qts. bran, and two qts. meal each, twice a day, with hay, or
corn fodder, fed morning and night.

The winter feed is ensilage from 30 to 45 lbs., fed in the
morning, with from four to six qts. bran and two qts meal, each.
After eating this they are watered.

At about 2.30 P. M., they are again fed with the same quan-
tity of grain feed, dry, and after this with hay, and at about
4.30 they are again watered. The cows giving a large mess of
milk, are milked three times a day.

Respectfully submitted,

Wm. A. Russell,

By Jas. C. Poor, Manager.

STATEMENT OF HARRY H. HALE, BRADFORD, MASS., HERD OF
AYRSHIRE COWS.

" Creamy " 2d, No. 6354, Vol. 4, A. A. H. B. dropped April
10, 1880, yield of milk for 1 year, 8260 lbs.

Manner of keeping through fall and winter, 4 quarts of
shorts, 4 quarts of Brewer's grain and 8 quarts of roots, per
day, with one feed of salt hay or barley straw, and two feeds
of English hay with sweet corn fed in in its season. Do not use
ensilage. Run in pasture 4 months in year.

" Miss Mabel," 2d, No. 8930, Vol. 6th, A. A. H. B. dropped
March 13, 1885 ; yield of milk for 1 year, 7920 lbs. Manner of
keeping same as above.

" Miss Flow," 3d, No. 9151, Vol. 6th, A. A. H. B., dropped
Mar. 14, 1886 ; yield of milk for 1 year, 8432 lbs. Manner of
keeping same as above.

"Lady Belle," No. 9575, Vol. 7, A. A. H. B., dropped March
1, 1887, yield of milk for 1 year, 6320 lbs. Manner of keeping
same as above,

"Miss Mabel," 3d, No. 9576, Vol. 7, A. A. H. B., dropped
March 7, 1887, yield of milk for 1 year, 5733 lbs. Manner of
keeping same as above.

HARRY H. HALE, ISLAND STOCK FARM, BRADFORD, MASS., OF HERD
OF PURE BRED GUERNSEY COWS.

"Helena," No. 1440, Am. G. C. C. H. R., dropped Aug. 27,
1883. Yield of milk for one year, 4210 pounds. Manner
of keeping through fall and winter, 4 qts. shorts, 4 qts. of
Brewer's grain, and 8 qts. of roots per day, with one feed of
salt hay or barley straw, or two feeds of English hay with green
sweet corn in its season. Do not use ensilage. Run in pasture
four months in a year.

"Vara," No. 1624,Am. G. C. C. H. R,, dropped,Oct. 8, 1883.
Yield of milk for 1 year, 4106 lbs. Manner of keeping, same
as above.

"Topsy 4th of St. Peters," No. 1577, Am. G. C. C. H. R.,
dropped, Dec. 15, 1883. Yield of milk for 1 j^ear, 4432 lbs.
Manner of keeping, the same as above.

"Oreold 2nd," No. 1632, Am. G. C. C. H. R., dropped, Jan.
11, 1884. Yield of milk for 1 year, 4620 lbs. Manner of keep-
ing, same as above.

"Pans Lavender," No. 1669, Am. G. C. C. H. R., dropped,
Feb. 3, 1884. Yield of milk for 1 year, 4370 lbs. Manner of
keeping, same as above.

STATEMENT OF MRS. J, C. PHILLIPS, MORAINE FARM, BEVERLY.
OF HERD OF JERSEY COWS.

No. 31,934, Clethra Pollen, dropped July 6, 1884, sire Lord
Pollen, 2d, 14,517. Dam, Clethra 2d, 31,927, A. J. C. C.
dropped calf, Feb. 23, 1889, due to calve again March, 1890,
gave 3380 lbs. of milk from Feb. 23 to Sept. 1, 1889; from
Feb. 23, to May 10, feed 3 quarts ground oats and middlings,
equal parts, per day, the balance of time in pasture.

No. 31,931, Alyssum, dropped April 25, 1884, sire Royalty,
7210. Dam, Lady Eliza, 2d, 31,922, dropped calf, Feb. 22,
1889, due in Feb. 1890, gave 4178 lbs. milk from Feb. 22 to
Sept. 1, 1889.

No. 31,930, Ilex, dropped April 20, 1884, sire Royalty, 7210.
Dam, Lady Eliza 3d, 31,923, dropped calf, March 29, 1889,
due again in March, 1890, gave 3262 lbs. milk from March 29,
to Sept. 1, 1889 ; feed per day from March 29th to May 10th, 3
quarts ground oats and middlings, equal parts, balance of time
in pasture.

No. 31,929, Clethra 3d, dropped April 3, 1884, sire Royalty,
7210. Dam, Clethra, 8427, dropped calf, April 15, 1889, due
again in March, 1890, gave 3399 lbs. milk from April 15 to
Sept. 1, 1889. Yield of milk from June 1 to June 10, 1889,
285 lbs. on pasture feed only; feed per day from April 15 to
May 10, 3 quarts ground oats and middlings, equal parts, bal-
ance of time in pasture.

No. 52,351, Sabatia, dropped Feb. 28, 1886, sire Ramapoges,
15,293. Dam, Clethra 2d, 31,927, dropped calf, May 20, 1889,
due again in May, 1890, gave 2086 lbs. milk from May 20 to
Sept. 1, 1889 ; feed in pasture only.

HEIFERS FIRST CLASS.

The Committee on Heifers, first class, have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :

$8. First premium to W. A. Russell, Lawrence, for Hol-
stein heifer, in milk.

$4. First premium to Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for short
horn heifer, "Fifth Harriet," 2 years old.

$4. First premium to Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for short
horn heifer, k'Gabriella of Anokee," yearling.

$4. First premium to Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for short
horn calf, "Mary Queen of Bradford."

$8. First premium to Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for 2 years
old Ayrshire heifer, in milk, "Lady Belle," No. 9575.

$5. Second premium to Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for Ayr.
shire heifer, "Miss Flou," No. 9151.

$4. First premium to Mrs. J. C. Phillips, Beverly, for Year-
ling Jersey heifer.

$4. First premium to Mrs. J. C. Phillips, Beverly, for Jer-
sey calf.

$4. First premium to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for
Holstein calf, "Beth Lincoln."

John M. Danforth, Augustine Stone, E. F. Rankins, John S.
Crosby. — Committee.

HEIFERS, SECOND CLASS.
The Committee on Heifers, second class, have attended to

their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :

$8. First premium to John S. Ives, Salem, for 3 years old

Grade Ayrshire, in milk.
$4. First premium to City Farm, Salem, for 2 years old

Grade Holstein.
$3. Second premium to Francis 0. Kimball, Dauvers Centre,

for 2 years old Grade Holstein.
$4. First premium to City Farm, Salem, for 1 year old

Grade Holstein.
$3. Second premium to T. C. Durkee, Peabody, for 1 year

old Grade Jersey.
$4. First premium to City Farm, Salem, for 11 mos. old

Grade Holstein.
$3. Second premium to John S. Ives, Salem, for 15 weeks

old Grade Ayrshire.
S. F. Newman, Walter H. Hopkinson, John Barker. — Com-
mittee.

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

The Committee on Working Oxen and Steers have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards:
$12. First premium to B. H. Farnum, North Andover, for

yoke of working oxen, 6 years old, weight 2930 lbs.
$10. Second premium to L. S. Wilkins, Middleton, for yoke
of oxen, 6 years old, weight 2625 lbs.
$8. Third premium to Peter E. Clark, Beverly, for yoke of

oxen, weight 3340 lbs.
$6. Second premium to B. H. Farnum, North Andover, for

Steers, 4 years old, weight 2345 lbs.
Andrew Mansfield, John A. Hoyt, J. P. Little, Charles Hasel-
tine — Committee.

32
STEERS.

The Committee on Steers have attended to their duty, and
respectfully report to the Secretary that they have made the fol-
lowing awards :

$8. First premium to J. P. Little, Amesbury, for 3 years old

steers.
$5. Second premium to B. W. Farnham, North Audover, for

2 years old steers.
$4. Second premium to B. W. Farnham, North Andover,

for 1 year old steers.
$4. First premium to "W. P. Christopher, Middleton, for

steer calves.
John E. Herrick, Nathan Longfellow, Ephraim A. Dane —
Committee.

STALLIONS, SECOND CLASS.

The Committee on Stallions, Second Class, 4 years old and
upwards, (for Driving Purposes) , have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have made the
following awards :
$10. First premium to A. B. Forbes, Byfield, Newbury,
for "Lombardy," No. 4901, sire, "Clairmont," 2420 ;
dam, "Ballot."
$6. Second premium to John P. Conaut, Wenham, for
"Don Juan," sired by "Hampton," he by "Smuggler,"
"out of very fast mare."
No entries for 3 years old. Stallions of any age, and 5 colts
of his stock. No entries.

Joshua H. Chandler, Isaac M. Woodbury, George M.
Roundv — Committee.

BROOD MARES.

The Committee on Brood Mares have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have made
the following awards :
$10. First class for farm and draft purposes. First premium

to H. H. Hale, Bradford, 6 years old, weight 1715 lbs.,

Percheron colt 3 mos. old.
$6. Second premium to Calvin Putman, Danvers, for "Kit, "4

years old, weight 1390 lbs ; Percheron and Morgan colt,

3 1-2 mos. old.
$4, Third premium to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for mare 7

years old. Colt 10 weeks old.
$10. Second class for driving purposes. First premium to

H. H. Hale, Bradford, for 6 years old mare, "Ada

Wilkes," Colt by "Sultan," 5 mos. old.
$6. Second premium to O. N. Fernald, Danvers, for 7 years

old, Knox mare, "Stella Fawn." Hambletonian colt,

"Mautelar," 5 mos. old.
$4. Third premium to Michael Looney, Salem, for Hamble-
tonian mare. Colt 4 mos old.
Wesley Pettingill, A. A. Rutherford — For Committee,

FAMILY HORSES.

The Committee on Family Horses have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have made the
following awards :

$10. First premium to H. H- Hale, Bradford, for family
horse, "St. Laura."
$G. Second premium to H. H. Pillsbury, Danvers, for fam-
ily horse, "General."
$4. Third premium to Richard T. Jaques, Newbury, for fam-
ilv horse, "Bess."

*Diploma recommended for "War Horse Daisy," 32 1-2 years
old, for her services at Gettsyburg, and long life of usefulness.
Chas. H. Gould, Peter Holt, Albert Kimball — Committee.

Note— * Recommendation adopted by the Trustees. See statement of him
following.

STATEMENT OF WM. A. HILL OF SALEM.

Salem, October 22, 1889.
David W. Low, Sec'y Essex Agricultural Society, Glouces-
ter, JIass.

Dear Sir : Yours under date of 21 in St., inquiring in regard
to the war horse "Daisy," on exhibition at the recent fair in
Beverly, duly to hand. In reply I would state : The bay mare
called "Daisy," now owned by Mr. J. H. Collier, of this city,
was bought by me in the fall of '62 or the spring of '63, when I
was Adjutant of the 19th Mass. In fantry, the date I have for
gotten, but think I still have among my army papers somewhere,
the original bill of sale. I bought her from the U. S. govern-
ment, and took her out of a coral in Virginia. She was war-
ranted to me at that time to be five years old, and was said to
be from Morgan stock, she cannot at this moment be less than
thirty two years old.

She was under fire at the battle of Chancellors ville, and in
one or two skirmishes during the march into Pennsylvania. She
was also through the second and third days' battle at Gettys-
burg, and in some minor encounters while following up the
enemy back into Virginia ; at Mine Run also her ladyship was
present, and during all of the many times she was under fire,
behaved like a veteran, and escaped without a scratch. In
August '63, I was detached from my regiment for draft service,
in this state, and leaving the mare in charge of the officer ap-
pointed acting adjutant, I came home. In the early part of '64,
the regiment came home on a thirty days' veteran furlough, the
mare coming too.

I then gave her to my father to keep for me (being then in
service myself), bat after a few months he tired of the care of
her, and with my permission, sold her to Mr. Collier, who has-
continued to be her owner from that time to the present.

Except for her longevity and war record, she is in no way a
remarkable horse, and while never a handsome animal, she was-
always gentle and tractable, a very indifferent trotter, but with-
an easy lope that made a seat on her back pleasant and enjoy-
able. I never knew her to be sick, but she was always "present
and ready for duty," with the single exception of a few weeks
immediately following the Getty sbury campaign, she had a little
trouble with her hoofs, through having cast three shoes durino-
the march, and being obliged to make the greater part of the
campaign with but one shoe.

I rode her one evening a year ago, hoping to find her able to
carry me in a torchlight parade, but being for so many years
unused to the saddle, I felt it inhumane to ride her. Mr. Col-
lier has until within a few months worked her regularly, and
when I saw her on Sunday last, she was looking and feeling
as well as she did ten years ago. She deserves to be considered
with marked respect and consideration by your society.

Very truly yours,

W. A. Hill.

STATEMENT OF J. H. COLLIER.

Salem, October 28, 1889.
Mr, Low,

Dear Sir : Yours received, would thank you in Daisy's name,
for the honor to be conferred upon her. Since Feb. 16, '64, 1 have
used her partly in my business, (leather,) and for driving.

Have fed her on good hay, aud a change of grain at times.
Have not had to chop her feed. She has had a few attacks
of colic, but have always been able to take it in season. Think
her general health has been very good. I suppose she has

reached snch an age by good care and not overwork. Capt.
Hill will give you her war record I presume.

Yours truly,

J. H. Collier.

GENTS' DRIVING HORSES.

The Committee on Gents' Driving Horses have attended to
eir duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :
$10, First premium to Jacob Marston, Danvers, for Gentle-
man's Driving Horse.
Jas. P. Cleaveland, Chas. H. "Walker, L. C. Loud — Com-
mittee.

FARM HORSES.

The Committee on Farm Horses have attended to their duty,
and respectfully reportt the Secretary that they have madeo
the following awards :
$10. First premium to A. F, Lee, Beverly, for bay horse
"Jim," weight 1110 lbs.
$6. Second premium to B. H, Farnum, North Andover, for

bay horse, "Jim," weight 1050 lbs.
$4. Third premium to J. H. Perkins, Lynnfield, for horse

"Maud," weight 1200 lbs.
Eben S. Keyes, Hugh Hill, Nathan F. Abbott — Committee.

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES, FIRST CLASS.
The Committee on Pairs of Farm Horses have attended to

their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards:
$10. First premium to A. P. Gardiner, Hamilton, for gray
team, weight 2700 lbs.
$8. First premium to H. H. Hale, Bradford, for gray team*

weight 2750 lbs.
Only two teams appeared.

J. H. Perkins, Joseph Whitehead, Benjamin N. Dodge —
Committee.

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES, SECOND CLASS.

The Committee on Pairs of Farm Horses, Second Class, have

attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary

that they have made the following awards :

$10. First premium to Mrs. J. C. Phillips, Beverly, for pair

horses, weight 2120 lbs.

$8. Second premium to JVI. H. Poor, "West Newbury, for

pair horses, weight 2260 lbs.
Nathan A. Bushby, Edward Harrington, "Walter F. Dodge —
Committee.

COLTS FOR DRAFT PURPOSES, FIRST CLASS.

The Committee on Colts for Draft Purposes, First Class, have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that the}' have made the following awards :

$8. First premium to Cornelius Moynahan, Newbury, for

colt for draft, 4 years old, weight 1260 lbs.
$5. Second premium to James G. Abbott, Andover, for colt

for draft, 4 years old, weight 1240 lbs.
Daniel D. Adams, Aldeu C. Estes, Moses H. Poor, Willard
F. Kinsman, M. A. Plummer — Committee.

38
COLTS FOR DRAFT PURPOSES, SECOND CLASS.

The Committee on Colts for Draft Purposes, Second Class
have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary that they have made the following awards.

$8. First premium to H. H. Hale, Bradford, for black mare

colt, "Beatrice," 2 years old.
$5. Second premium to A. P. Gardner, Hamilton, for bay

gelding colt, "Robert," 2 years old.
$3. Third premium to Cornelius Moynahan, Newbury, for

black roan, mare colt, "Bess," 2 years old.
$5. First premium to R. T. Jaques, Jr., Newbuiy, for bay

mare, "Gypsy," one year old.
Second premium not awarded, as no colt coming under the
head of a yearling colt for draft purposes, was considered
worthy.

S. W. Hopkinson, Geo. H. Gibney — For Committee.

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES, FIRST CLASS.

The Committee on Colts for General Purposes, First Class,
have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary that they have made the following awards :
%8. First premium to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for 4 years old

colt, "Eaton Wilkes."
$5. Second premium to H. H. Hale, Bradford, for 4 years

old colt, "Silex."
$6. First premium to D. G. Tenny, Newbuiy, for 3 years

old colt, "Spright."
$3. Second premium to F. H. Poor, West Newbury, for 3

years old colt, "Ned."
P. A. True, Ebenezer Webster, T. N. Cook, E. G. Nason—
Committee.

39
COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES, SECOND CLASS.

The Committee on Colts for General Purposes, Second Class,
have attended to their dut}', and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary that they have made the following awards : ]

$3. Third premium to H. H. Hale, Island Stock Farm, Brad-
ford, for 2 years old colt, "Thornless."

$5. Second premium to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for 2 years old
Wilkes colt.

$8. First premium to W. McNeil, Rockport, for 2 years old
colt, "Thomas."

$3. Second premium to H. H. Hale, Island Stock Farm,
Bradford, for 1 year old colt, "Wasset."

$5. First premium to John Swinerton, Danvers, for 1 year
old Wilkes colt.

Thos. W. Paine, David Warren, Bennett Griffin, D. Brad-
street — Committee.

SWINE, FIRST CLASS.

The Committee on Swine, First Class, Large Breeds, have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that they have made the following awards :

$8. First premium to Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for York-
shire breeding sow.

$8. First premium to Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for York-
shire boar.

$8. First premium to Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for York-
shire litter of weaned pigs.

$8. First premium to H. H. Hale, Bradford, for Berkshire
litter of pigs.

$5. Second premium to Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for Berk-
shire boar.

$8. First premium to John Mahoney, Rowley, for Berkshire
boar, "Rowley."

$8. First premium to John Mahoney, Rowley, for Berkshire
sow, "Mildred."

$5. Second premium to John Mahoney, Rowley, for Berk-
shire sow, "Margaret."

Geo. B. Blodgett, Geo. A. Dow, C. K. Ordway — Com-
mittee.

SWINE, SECOND CLASS.

The Committee on Swine, Second Class, have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :

$8. First premium to H. H. Hale, Bradford, for pigs

12 weeks old.
$5. Second premium to James C. Poor, North Andover, for

pigs 12 weeks old.
$8. First premium to Arthur C. Buxton, Peabody, for sow
and ten pigs.
*$5. Second premium to Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for

breeding sow, 2 years old, weight 250 lbs.
*$8. First premium to Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for 10
weaned pigs, 7 weeks old.
$5. Second premium to H. C. Strout, Peabody for sow and

5 pigs, 7 weeks old.
Your committee would respectfully recommend a separate
premium list for pure bred pigs.

Daniel G. Tenneyi Charles Lunt, Moses H. Poor — Com-
mittee.

*These awards were not confirmed as the weaned pigs were
not as old as the rules require. Three premiums were awarded
to breeding sows, and the one not having pigs was ruled out.

41
SHEEP.

The Committee on Sheep have attended to their duty, and re-
spectfully report to the Secretary that they have made the fol-
lowing awards :

$10. First premium to Henry H. Hale, Bradford, for best
flock Shropshire.
$8. First premium to Henry H. Hale, Bradford, for best

buck Shropshire.
$4. First premium to Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for best lot

of lambs, Shropshire.
Daniel A. Carleton, George Buchan, Thomas Hale — Com-
mittee.

POULTRY.

The Committee on Poultry have attended to their duty, and
respectfully report to the Secretary that they have made the fol-
lowing awards :
$2.00. First premium to W. P. Perkins, Danvers, for pair

Erminette fowls.
2.00. First premium to W. P. Perkins, Danvers, for pair

Pekin Bantam fowls.
1.00. Second premium to W. P. Perkins, Danvers, for pair

Pekin Bantam fowls.
Diploma, to W. P. Perkins, Danvers, for pen Pekin Bantam

fowls.
2.00. First premium to W. P. Perkins, Danvers, for pah-
Red Pile Bantam fowls.
2.00. First premium to W. P. Perkins, Danvers, for pair

Aylesbury ducks.
1.00. Second premium to W. P. Perkins, Danvers, for pair

Aylesbury ducks.
2.00. First premium to W. P. Perkins, Danvers, for pair

Rouen ducks.

1.00. Second premium to W. P. Perkins, Dauvers, for pair

Rouen ducks.
1.00. Second premium to W. P. Perkins, Dauvers, for pair

Pekin ducks.
2.00. First premium to W. P. Perkins, Dauvers, for pair

Muscovey ducks.
1.00. Second premium to W. P. Perkins, Dauvers, for pair

Mnscovey ducks.
2.00. First premium to W. P. Perkins, Dauvers, for pair

Brazilian ducks.
1.00. Second premium to W. P. Perkins, Dauvers, for pair

Brazilian ducks.
2.00. First premium to W. P. Perkins, Dauvers, for pair

Emden geese.
1.00. Secoud premium to W. P. Perkius, Dauvers, for pair

Emden geese.
2.00. First premium to W. P. Perkins, Dauvers, for pair

Toulouse geese.
1.00. Second premium to W. P. Perkins, Dauvers, for pair

Toulouse geese.
2.00. First premium to Sam Rogers, West Newbury, for

pair of "White Wyandotte chicks.
1.00. Second premium to Sam Rogers, West Newbury, for

pair White Wyaudotte chicks.
Diploma, to Sam Rogers, West Newbury, for peu White

Wyaudotte chicks.
2.00. First premium to Sam Rogers, West Newbury, for

pair White Wyandotte fowls.
2.00. First premium to R. W. Ropes, Salem, for pair White

Leghorn fowls.
2.00. First premium to R. W. Ropes, Salem, for pair

White Leghorn chicks.
2.00. First premium to Louis H. Elliott, Dauvers, for Dark

Brahma chicks.

2.00. First premium to Fannie M. Day, North Beverly, for

pair AVhite Plymouth Rock chicks.
2.00. First premium toD. L. Story, Beverly, for pair Light

Brahma fowls.
1.00. Second premium to D. L. Story, Beverly, for pair

Light Brahma fowls.
Diploma, to D. L. Story, Beverly, for pen Light Brahma

fowls.
2.00. First premium to D. L. Story, Beverly, for pair Light

Brahma chicks.
2.00. First premium to C. M. Poor, Peabody, for pair Dark

Brahma fowls.
1.00. First premium to W. B. Foster, Beverly, for pair

White Leghorn chicks.
2,00. First premium to W. B. Foster, Beverly, for pair

White Minorca chicks.
1.00. Second premium to W. B. Foster, Beverly, for pair

White Minorca chicks.
1.00. Second premium to F. S. Lovett, Beverly, for pair

White Leghorn fowls.
2.00. First premium to R. W. Ropes, Salem, for pair Pekin

Ducks.
Diploma to R. W. Ropes, Salem, for pen White Leghorn.
1.00. Second premium to R. W. Ropes, Salem, for pair

Plymouth Rock fowls.
2.00. First premium to R. W. Ropes, Salem, for pair Ply-
mouth Rock chicks.
2.00. First premium to W. P. Walton, Beverly, for pair

Pekin Bantam chicks.
1.00. Second premium to W. P. Walton, Beverly, for pair

Pekin Bantam fowls.
Diploma, to T. C. Durkee, Peabody, for display of Light

Brahmas.
The judge would recommend the exhibit of patent hen's nest,

of Mr. Frank A. Whitham, Middleton, Mass., for gratuity of
one dollar.

W. F. Bacon, Judge.

DRESSED POULTRY AND EGGS.

82.00. First premium to George D. Walton, Peabody, for
pair Light Brahma fowls.

2.00. First premium to George D. Walton, Peabody, for pair
Plymouth Rock chicks.

1.00. First premium to G. E. Fassett, Beverly, for eggs, S.
L. Wyandotte.

1.00. First premium to M. J. Kane, Lynn, for eggs, Part-
ridge Cochin.

1.00. First premium to M. J. Kane, Lynn, for eggs, White
Leghorn.

A. F. Harvey — For Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH DOUBLE TEAMS.

The Committee on Ploughing, with Double Teams, have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that only two teams competed for premiums. They have made
the following awards :

$10. First premium to Benj. II. Farnham, of North Andover,
with Hussy plough, No. 16.
$8. Second premium to Edward Whipple, of Hamilton, and
Geo. Brown, of Peabody, the plough made by G. W.
Winslow, 55 years ago, and held by him he being in his
80th year. It was something remarkable, to see a man
at his time of life, so strong and vigorous, handling a
plough of his own make, a relic of "ye olden time," and

competing successful!}- with younger men, and more recent
improvements and inventions.
Sherman Nelson, William H. Kinsman, Albert Berry, William
A. Brown, G. S. Phippen. — Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH SINGLE TEAMS.

The Committee on Ploughing, with Single Teams, have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that they have made the following awards :
$10. First premium to Peter E. Clark, Walter F. Dodge,
ploughman, Beverly, with Hussey plough, No. 104.
$8. Second premium to Samuel Thayer, Andover, with Hussy

plough, No. 116.
Geo. L. Hawkes, Robert F. Dodge, J. N. Rolf — Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH HORSES.

The Committee on Ploughing, with Horses, have attended to

their dut}7, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they

have made the following awards :

$10. First premium to Moses H. Poor, owner, West Newbury,

Fred H. Poor, ploughman, with Hussy plough, No. 106.

$7. Second premium to Wm. Bent, Dan vers, Wm. A. Bent,

ploughman, with Syracuse plough.
$o. Third premium to Mrs. J. C. Phillips, Beverly, Arthur
Kidder, ploughman, with Oliver Chilled Landside plough.
A. J. Stockbridge, J. W. Blodgett — Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH SWIVEL PLOUGHS.

The Committee on Ploughing with Swivel Plough have at-

tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that they have made the following awards :
$10. First premium to Robert F. Dodge, Wenham, with
Yankee plough.
88. Second premium to Lyman S. Wilkins, Middleton, with

North American plough.
$6. Third premium to Solomon W. Weston, ploughman,
Middleton, and William P. Christopher, driver, with
Granger plough.
T. P. Harrimau, M. B. Avery, A. S. Harriman, James K.
Adams — Committee.

SULKY PLOUGHING.

The Committee on Sulky Ploughing have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards:
$10. First premium to S. R. Prince, Wenham, for sulky

ploughing, with National Reversible plough.
$8. Second premium to Lyman Holmau, Salem, for sulky

ploughing, with National Reversible plough.
A. B. Fellows, Thomas P. Hale, A. M. Bodwell — Committee.

HARROWS.

The Committee on Harrows have attended to their duty, and
respectfully report to the Secretary that they have made the
following awards :

$10. First premium to Buxton & Co., Salem, for Yankee
pulverizing harrow.
J. J. H. Gregory — For Committee.

47
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

The Committee on Agricultural Implements have attended to

their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they

have made the following awards :

&10. First premium to Buxton & Co., Salem, for collection.

$5. First premium to H. P. Whipple, Peabody, for market

wagon.
$2. Gratuity to H. P. Whipple, Peabody, for delivery

wagon.
$3. Gratuity to Geo. E. Daniels, Rowley, for farm cart.
$2. Gratuity to Geo. E. Daniels, Rowley, for pair of cart

wheels.
$3. Gratuity to E. L. Blake & Co., Peabody, for seed

drills, wheel hoes, etc.
$5. First premium to Whitcomb & Carter, Beverly, for

horse cart.
$10. Gratuity to Whitcomb & Carter, Beverly, for collec-
tion.
William S. Phillips, Jr., Benj. V. Giles, J. A. Ilsly— Com-
mittee.

CARRIAGES.

The Committee on Carriages have attended to their duty, and
respectfully report to the Secretary that they have made the
following awards :

$5. First gratuity, to Briggs Carriage Co., Amesbury, for
6 passenger park.

$1. Gratuity, to Briggs Carriage Co. , Amesbury, for Ken-
sington wagon.

$5. First gratuity, to Briggs Carriage Co., Amesbury, for
best display of carriages.

S3. Second gratuity, to H, H. Pillsbury, Danvers, for top

box buggy.
Si. Gratuity, to H. H. Pillsbury, Danvers, for collection of

carriages.
$1. Gratuity, to John H. Clark, Amesbury, for two-spring

Phaeton.
S3. Second gratuity, to Thos. W. Lane, Amesbury, for road

wagon.
Si. Gratuity, to B. F. Lewis, Amesbury, for Amesbury

road wagon.
$3. Second gratuity, to E. C. Sawyer, Beverly, for north.

shore wagon.
$1. Gratuity, to E. C. Sawyer, Beverly, for Lawrence beach

wagon.
Si. Gratuity, to E. C. Sawyer, Beverly, for collection of

carriages.
So. First gratuity, to Charles Rowell & Son, Amesbury, for

extension Top Rockaway.
The Committee would award for special merit, a diploma to
Briggs Carriage Co., of Amesbury, for a six passenger wagon
ette, as being superior in workmanship and finish, the best car-
riage for the mone}', on the list exhibited.

Geo. T. Merrill, Wm. A. Bray, Geo. H. Plumer, James Wil-
son — Committee.

REPORT OF CARRIAGE COMMITTEE.

To the Secretary of the Essex Agricultural Society:

Where or when originated, or by whom the first wheeled
vehicle was made belongs to the realm of mystical lore. Doubt-
less when the earlier inhabitants moved inland from the water-
ways they sought some method by which to transport, easily,
their material ; and then began the era of wheels for vehicles.
History tells us that the Assyrians builded war chariots and

carts — both two-wheeled — the former for military use, and the
latter for women and those unable to walk. With them we
may safely assume began the evolution in wheeled vehicles.
Strength and utility were considered of the first importance,
and hence we find in all descriptions of them a largeness and
crudeness. Four-spoke wheels, heavy, uncouth body, placed
on an immense axle of wood succeeded the solid wheel. At a
later period of this nation's life we discover an attempt at re-
duction of size, and prolific ornamentation — curved lines are
shown in chariot bodies — the wheels have six or eight spokes
with three rims and a metalic tire. Rome evidently copied
from the Assyrians, and then improved the copy. -From Rome
the Western nations learned the art, if art it then was, of
carriage building. For centuries all road vehicles were bulky
in size, as compared with those of to-day, the lines were de-
void of beauty, although richly and elaborately ornamented. It
was not until comparatively recent years that one finds the
light and beautiful lines evolved, although an advance in that
direction was certainly being made. Each century passed
through an evolutionary stage.

In this country carriage building was not a distinctive in-
dustry until nearly at the close of the first half of the present
century ; previous to that time one man made bodies, another
made wheels, another gears, the blacksmith did the ironing,
the trimmer or upholsterer stood on his own ground, as did the
painter. Each man took his pay in carriages more or less
finished, and disposed of them as best he could.

Essex County, noted for its skilled mechanics and brainy work-
men, was early in the field assisting in developing this industry.
It is generally conceded by all that Hon. J. R. Huntington of
Amesbury, with a keen foresight of the probabilities in the
carriage industry, took the iniative in the movement to build a
carriage from the rough material under one roof and super-
vision. This was inaugurated by him some thirty-five or forty
years ago. Then commenced a new era in an industry that

has enriched the manufacturer, given comfort to the farmer,
pleasure to the wealthy and homes and happiness to the artisan.
Rapid development ensued and its influence was felt at all
points, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana and other states were
called upon to furnish white wood, hickory, bass, elm, oak and
ash ; Pennsylvania, Alabama, Norway and Sweden contributed
iron and steel; New Jersey gives up its leather, and Germany,
France and England their cloths, silks and laces. Capital and
brains have evolved a class of carriages that for lightness and
durability, elegant lines and beautiful finish, diversity of style
and superior workmanship are not surpassed, if equalled, in the
world. Excessive freights, first on the raw material, then on
the finished production have somewhat hindered our manu-
facturers, but with their indomitable pluck they have pro-
duced and placed in distant markets goods that commend
themselves to the consumers. In consulting the statistical
tables of the last Report of the Bureau of Labor for Massa-
chusetts one fails to find even to an approximation the number
of carriage manufacturers, capital invested, value of produc-
tion, number of skilled and unskilled workmen employed,
amount of material consumed in the construction or the source
of supply. In fact the Bureau appears to know but little of an
industry that is estimated to stand the fifth in the industries of
the State. One can hardly find an hypothesis on which to base
an estimate of the financial position of this large industry. Of
the capital invested in the building of carriages in Massachu-
setts the best attainable authority give to Essex County five-
eights of the total amount. Of the 35 towns and cities in the
County, twelve reckon carriage and wagon building among
their industries ; these give employment to two thousand skilled
workmen. "Amesbury is fast gaining a world wide fame as a
o-reat carriage producing centre," and its claim in conjunction
with its sister town of Merrimac, "of employing the greatest
percentage of skilled mechanics in the carriage industry, pro-
portionate to the population, of any city or town in the world"

cannot be challenged. Of the towns in Essex County other
than those above named, Beverly, Danvers, Georgetown, Haver-
hill, Lawrence, Lynn, Methuen, Newburyport, Peabody and
Salem. Each have one or more factories which turn out many
fine jobs, each having some specialty ; but to Amesbury and
Merrimac must be accorded the first position. In regard to the
production in the former town we quote the following from a
recent issue of the "Daily :" "We have twenty firms who do a
business (carriage) of over $100,000 per year each." Then
there are left fifteen more firms whose production amounts to
from $15,000 to $50,000 each. It is estimated that Merrimac,
which builds a heavier grade of work and has -fifteen firms,
will show a higher average in the amount of production than
Amesbury.

In view of the importance of this industry, in the county, the
Agricultural Society decided, in their wisdom, to make an extra
effort in bringing to their Fair of the current year, an exhibit of
carriages and wagons manufactured in the county. An appeal
was made to the builders not to "hide their light under a
bushel." The committee were cordially received by all, and a
favorable answer given, with the proviso that a suitable exhibi-
tion hall should be obtained for their costly productions. A
properly and fully lighted frame building, easy of access, giving
from 1200 to 1400 square feet of floorage, was the required
desideratum. This the society were unable to obtain, but very
good accommodations were provided by means of a large tent,
while the exhibition of carriages was not so large in number, or
variety of style, still the exhibit was very flattering to the
society. Among the display of carriages exhibited, we consider
the following as worthy of special notice : —

E. C. Sawyer, of Beverly, exhibited six jobs: This display
was in keeping with the well-known reputation of the firm, and
comprised Phaeton, Democrat wagon, and Business wagon. His
North Shore beach wagons were especially attractive, of great
utility, light and strong in construction, and of superior finish.
Mr. Sawyer was awarded a second class gratuity for them.

H. H. Pillsbnry, of Danvers, presented eight vehicles : Rock-
away, Phaetons, Delivery wagons, and Buggies. A light Piano
box buggy was accorded a second class gratuity, for its fine
lines and finish, these being about the average.

B. F. Lewis, of Amesbury, displayed one of his celebrated
Road wagons. This wagon was among the attractive vehicles,
and received many flattering comments from the visitors. It
was finished "in the wood, " light weight, and thoroughly built
as are all of his vehicles. A gratuity was awarded.

Chas. Rowell & Son, of Amesbury, exhibited a new and de-
sirable style of an extension top Rockaway. In its construc-
tion, as well as all of their production, the best of material is
used. Every part is built in a workmanlike manner, and for
the money asked was one of the most elegant jobs exhibited.
A first class gratuity was awarded.

John H. Clark & Co., of Amesbury, presented an elegant
two spring Phaeton. This firm, which is second to none for
producing fine work, makes a specialty of Surreys, Extension
tops, Goddards and Phaetons of light and medium build, which
for quality and price are unsurpassed. A gratuity was awarded.

Briggs Carriage Co., of Amesbury, exhibited in the estima-
tion of the committee, the finest collection of vehicles. They
displayed six jobs : Six passenger Park, six passenger Wag-
onette, Kensington wagon, Democrat wagon, Road wagon, and
Bu^gy. Although this display did not give an adequate idea of
the large number of styles this company build, still it was suffi-
cient to attract the attention and commendation of visitors.
The heavy jobs, i e. Park, AVagonette, and Kensington cart
was of unusual interest. Large and convenient buildings, well
supplied with improved machinery, and by employing skilled
workmen, and using the best attainable materials, this concern
produces as fine and stylish work as the best. For superior
workmanship, elegance in design and finish, the committee
awarded to this company the society's diploma, two first class
gratuities and a gratuity of $1.00.

T. "W". Lane of Arnesbury exhibited two jobs: Buggy and
Road wagon. Mr. Lane makes a specialty of fine light car-
riages, and "Lane's Cross-Springs." This spring is somewhat
similar to the "Lewis spring." Of the "Lane springs" it is
perhaps sufficient to say that they have many good points, the}7 are
long and hence easy riding, are simple in construction, breakage
reduced to the minimum and give great satisfaction. The
material used, finish and diversity of styles in his carriages are
fully up to the standard of the grade of carriages manufactured
in Arnesbury. Awarded a second-class gratuity.

It would afford your committee pleasure to mention in detail
the productions of numerous other carriage manufacturers of
Arnesbury and Merrimac, but as they failed of displaying their
jobs, it is assumed that the committee should be silent. That
it pays to exhibit is manifest by the fact that one exhibitor in
the Fair reported that he had received orders for $1800 worth of
work.

Doubtless in the future, there will be larger exhibits, embrac-
ing fashion and beauty on the one hand, and the highest attain-
ment in the carriage builders art in the other, which, with a
liberal inducement on the the part of the Society will tend to
make the carriage exhibit a leading attraction.

Your committee who acted in great harmony are under obli-
gations to the Beverly Board of Trade and to all exhibitors for
courtesies extended to them.

Respectfully submitted,

G. T. Morrill, Chairman.

IN EXHIBITION HALL

REPORT OF SUPERINTENDANT OF HALL.

The exhibition of the society held in the Town Hall in Bever-
ly, September 24th and 25th, 1889, was, in respect to the
attendance of visitors, a decided success. The tickets of ad-
mission sold at the door indicated that 7800 persons purchased
tickets and visited the hall on the two days. And as persons
who furnished articles for exhibition received tickets of admis-
sion, the entire number who passed into the hall was not less
than 8500.

The exhibit of Fancy Work, Work of Art, Afghans,
Quilts and Rugs was quite large and required all of the space
that could possibly be given to these departments and allow
room for visitors. At times the hall was so crowded that it was
impossible for visitors to examine the articles or even to see
them.

In the department of Fancy Work there were 306 entries. A
few articles may not have been of sufficient merit to be worthy
of exhibition, but by far the larger portion were articles of de-
cided merit and worthy of notice ; and many articles exhibited
excellent taste and skill on the part of the makers.

The amount of money at the disposal of the committee on
awards was quite too small to properly notice the large number
of articles worthy of a gratuity. The sum of fifty dollars
recommended last year would be none too large a sum placed at
the disposal of the committee.

The Works of Art exhibited were also worthy of especial
mention, 153 entries were made. The paintings and sketches

of various kinds occupied one side and end of the hall above
the gallery floor. The increasing interest in this department is
worthy of appreciation by the society. Au addition of ten dol-
lars could have beeu worthily bestowed in gratuities.

The exhibits of Fancy Work and Works of Art always fur-
nish the greatest attraction to visitors, the larger portion of
whom are ladies, who desire to see and examine the articles in
these departments. If the exhibition should be held in the
same hall another year as is usual, more of the space in the
galler}T should be used for fancy work, and if possible, the space
for visitors be made wider. This would in part relieve the
crowded condition of the passage. It is important that all
small articles of fancy work that cannot be hung on the walls,
and all small articles in the art department not hung should be
placed in glass cases, or in some wa}T be protected from injury.
Several cases were kindly loaned for that purpose, but it is
difficult to find as many as are needed. It is recommended that
a certain number of cases be made and covered with wire in-
stead of glass. The cost would be much less than glass and
the needed protection would be secured.

The entire front of the balcony was hung with Quilts and
Afghans, and an equal space occupied in the exhibition of Rugs.
Both of these departments were quite full; 68 Rugs and 111
Quilts and Afghans were entered. Most of the articles exhibited
in each were well worthy of notice, with only a few exceptions,
and it cannot be desired that articles should be exhibited unless
they are in some respect more than commonplace articles made
for home use, without any especial exhibition of taste or skill.
This criticism will not apply to any considerable number of
articles exhibited. Some were of excellent design and work-
manship.

In the department of work by children under twelve years of
age, 40 articles were exhibited.

In the Plant and Flower department quite a liberal amount is
offered in gratuities, and a fine exhibit was made. The quantity

of Plants and Flowers was larger than was anticipated, and the
room appropriated too small. Although the platform seemed to
be the better place for the music, it would probably be better to
use that for Plants and Flowers, and if more room was needed,
use a part of the centre table on the lower floor.

The failure of the Apple crop for the year caused the exhibit
of apples to be much smaller than usual. A better show was
made of Pears and many fine specimens exhibited. In Grapes
also, quite a good number of plates of excellent specimens were
on exhibition. As a whole, the show of fruit was not up to the
standard of former years.

In the Bread, Butter and Canned Fruit department a good
variety of Canned Fruit was shown, but the number of compe-
titors in Bread making was quite limited. A few packages of
fine quality of Butter were shown, but the making of butter by
the farmers of Essex County is greatly reduced from the quan-
tity made a few years since.

The show of vegetables was made in tents at the rear of the
hall. These were well filled and an excellent display of all the
varieties was made. The larger portion were collections made
by two or three contributors of one or more specimens each.
There were 300 entries made by 74 contributors.

The number of entries in the hall were as follows : —

number of contributors 252

" " " 132

" " " 62

" " « 100

a u u 35

tc (< a n

28
12
22
83

Fancy Work

entries

306

Works of Art

153

Rugs

Quilts and Afghans

((

111

Work by Children

Dairy

Bread, Honey and

Canned Fruit

Articles made of Leather

((

Manufactures

((

Apples

125

Peaches, Grapes, and

Assorted Fruit

105

Flowers

Vegetables

300

Grain and Seeds

is.

57
Pears entries 207 number of contributors 106

it tt u 66

" " " 65

" " " 74

" " " 19

The efficient and faithful service rendered by the assistant
superintendent, and the ladies and gentlemen appointed on the
committee to receive and arrange the articles for exhibition in
several departments, and of those present appointed to act as
clerks, all contributed largely to the success of the-exhibition in
the hall.

It is very important that all persons serving on committees to
make awards should be in the hall at time appointed ready to
attend to their duties. It is desirable that the hall should be
opened to visitors by one o'clock in the afternoon of the first day
of exhibition ; but this cannot be done unless committees are
prompt in beginning their work, as all of the time will be re-
quired between the closing to entries, and the time for opening
to visitors, in making their awards. If committees would meet in
the hall a half hour befoi'e the time for closing, and receive from
the Superintendent the blanks and cards required, they would
then be ready to begin promptly their examinations.

The serving on committees by those who are competing for
prizes in the department in which they serve, even though they
may take no part in any award they ma}" receive, gives occasion
for dissatisfaction.

Respectfully submitted,

Amos Merrill, Superintendent of Hall.

DAIRY.

The Committee on Dairy have attended to their duty, and

report to the Secretary that they have made the following
awards :

18. First premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for butter.
$6. Second premium, to Mrs. Chas. W. Gowen, "West

Newbury, for butter.
$4. Third premium, to Mrs. J. C. Phillips, Beverly,

for butter.
D. Bradstreet, J. Ilsley, A. B. Fellows — Committee

STATEMENT OF W. K. COLE, OF WEST BOXFORD, OF BUTTER

Made from the milk of grade Jersey cows, set in shallow pans
for 36 hours. Churned once a week. Butter rinsed twice in
water, thoroughly worked, and immediately put up in packages
for use. Salted, a trifle more than 1 oz. of salt to 1 lb. of butter.
No coloring used. Feed : 1 qt. meal, 1 qt. shorts to each cow,
with the run of an ordinary pasture.

STATEMENT OF MRS. C. W. GOWEN, OF WEST NEWBURY.

This butter was made from the milk of a Jersey cow. The
milk was set in pans about one-half full, and skimmed after set-
ting thirty-six hours. The cream was then churned, washed and
salted at the rate of 3-4 oz. of salt to lib. butter. After stand-
ing a few hours it was worked and put up in pound prints.

STATEMENT OF MRS. J. C. PHILLIPS, OF BEVERLY.

The milk when brought in is immediately set in a Cooley Cream-
er, temperature of water 45 degrees. After standing 12 hours the
cream is taken off, set in a refrigerator (in warm weather) not
allowed to sour. The cream being churned sweet at 58 degrees
to GO degrees Fahr, the churn is prepared by scalding and cooling
to same temperature as the cream. (Stoddard Churn.) When
the butter is brought to a granulated form, the butter-milk is
drawn off, and the butter washed in water considerably cooler
than the butter, until the water runs from the churn clear. The

butter is taken in a wooden bowl and all the water worked out
with spatters ; it is then weighed and salted, allowing 1-4 oz. of
salt to each pound of butter, then made immediately into lumps,
or prints, with wooden spatters or stamps, being careful to work
as little as possible.

BREAD, HONEY AND CANNED FRUITS.

The Committee on Bread, Honey and Canned Fruits have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that they have made the following awards :

$3. First premium, to Mrs. A. P. Reed, Peabody, for white

bread.
$2. Second premium, to Winnefred C. Manning, Topsfield,

for white bread.
$1. Third premium, to Mrs. Allen Smith, Rockport, for

white bread.
$2. First premium, to Mrs. Lyman S. "Wilkins, Middleton,

for graham bread.
$1. Second premium, to Mrs. L. H. Berry, Danvers, for

graham bread.
50c. Gratuity, to Hattie F. Pushee, Beverly, for fruit~cake.
$3. First premium, to Mrs. A. C. Wilson, North Beverly,

for jellies and preserves.
$2. Second premium, to Mrs. A. B. Evans, Salem, for

catsup and fruit juice.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. B. Goss, Salem, for six tumblers

of jelly.
#5. First premium, to E. L. Blake & Co., Peabody, for

bees, hives and apiarian implements.
$3. First premium, to E. L. Blake & Co., Peabody, for

honey.
Clara A. Hale, Amanda F. Low, Mrs. Benj. H. Farnum,
Mrs. David "Warren, Mrs. Charles W. Gowen — Committee.

FIRST PREMIUM WHITE BREAD.

4 quarts of Haxall flour, 1 tablespoonful of salt, lard and
sugar, 3 pints of water, Fleischmanu yeast cake, mixed and
kneaded 20 minutes, raised over night, kneaded 10 miuutes,
raised an hour, baked an hour and a half This is one of
four loaves which it makes.

Mrs. A. P. Reed,

SECOND PREMIUM WHITE BREAD.

Process of making. To 3 quarts of Haxall flour, add 1-2 pint
boiling water, mix thoroughly, and let stand 1-2 hour. Then
add 1 pint each of milk and water, 1-2 yeast cake, 1 tablespoon-
ful of salt. Knead one half hour, let raise over night. Knead
again in morning and let rise. Mould into loaves and leave in
pans one half hour. Then bake in a moderate oven one hour.

WlNNEFRED E. MANNING,

Age 15 3-ears. Topsfield, Mass.

Peabody.

THIRD PREMIUM WHITE BREAD.

White Bread : 3 quarts of Haxall flour, 1 pint of milk that
has been previously boiled, and 1 pint of water, 1 tablespoon of
lard, rubbed into the flour, 1 teaspoon of salt, 1 tablespoon
of sugar, 1 cake of compressed yeast, dissolved in a little warm
water. Mix all thoroughly and knead ten minutes, let it rise
over night, then knead it down aud let it rise again about an
hour. Then put in pans and rise an hour, or until light. Bake
one hour, 11-2 lbs in each loaf.

Mrs. Allen Smith,

Rockport, Mass.

FIRST PREMIUM GRAHAM BREAD.

Process of making : 2 quarts of graham flour, 1 quart of warm
milk, 1 teaspoonful of salt, 1-2 cup of sugar, 1-2 cup of potato
yeast, piece of butter size of an egg. Make a sponge in the

morning, let it rise 2 hours, knead up stiff, rise until noon, put
in pan, rise 1 hour, bake 1 1-4 hours.

Mrs. Lyman S. Wilkins,

Midclleton, Mass.

FIRST PREMIUM JELLIES.

To make nice clear jelly the fruit should be sound, if not, all
spots should be removed ; the fruit should be then washed and
placed in a kettle with just enough water to cover it, and boiled
fifteen minutes, then it should be strained through a sieve with-
out pressing the fruit, then the juice should be strained through
a flannel bag until it runs clear. Then put one pound of suo-ar
to one pint of the juice and boil twenty minutes. Of coarse
some fruits, such as currants and peach, need a little different
treatment. In making currant jelly the juice should be boilino-
hot when the sugar is put in, and it should not be boiled but 8
minutes after the sugar is in, if it is, it will be spoiled. In
making peach jelly, boil the fruit 30 minutes, then strain and
boil the clear juice fifteen minutes before the sugar is put in,
then boil 20 minutes after the sugar is in. When all jellies are
cold put brandy papers on top of the jelly.

Mrs. A. C. Wilson,

North Beverly Mass.

TOMATO KETCHUP.

Scald and peal one-half bushel of ripe red tomatoes and drain
through a cloth or colander, without pressing. Cut six large
red peppers in pieces, and stew with tomato till soft enough to
put through a sieve to remove the seeds. Mix thoroughly to-
gether one pound white sugar, one cup salt and four heaping
tablespoonfuls of mustard and add this with one quart sharp
vinegar to the sifted juice. Boil till as thick as desired. Cool
and bottle for use.

Mrs. Almira B. Evans,

18 Orne St., Salem, Mass.

FRUIT JUICES.

To prepare grape or currant juices : Wash the fruit, and put
it on the stove, with just a little water, and bring to a scald.
Strain through a cloth, and add white sugar, in the proportion of
a pound to one quart of juice. Let it boil ten minutes, remov-
ing the scum as it rises. Seal in air tight bottles.

Mrs. Almira B. Evans.

18 One St., Salem Mass,

GRAPE JELLY.

Pick the grapes from the stem ; wash them, mash a little,
bring them to a scald and press through a cloth. Measure the
juice and an equal quantity of white sugar ; boil the juice ten
minutes, removing all the scum, have the sugar hot and add to
it, boiling twenty minutes longer.

Mrs. A. B. Goss.

3 Nursery St., Salem.

STATEMENT OF E. L. BLAKE & CO., OF PEABODY MASS.,

Concerning the exhibition of Bees, Hives and Aparian Imple-
ments at the fair of the Essex Agricultural Society held at
Beverly Mass., Sept. 24 and 25 1889.

In regard to bee hives, we use three styles of our own manu-
facture. The hive we like best, and also think the best made,
we call Blake's Improved American Hive. It is a double- walled
chaff hive, that is, a space between the brood chamber and out-
side wall to be filled with chaff in the cold season. It is very
simple in all its parts. The frames in the lower story rest upon
a cleat upon the bottom board, and can easily be removed. It
is complete with eight frames, but will hold twelve. The sur-
plus is taken care of in a crate of twenty-four one-pound sec-
tions, in a crate placed directly over the brood frames. We
use with this hive, and also with all our hives, a feeder made so

as to be placed inside of the hive, directly upon the frames, and
by that means prevent all robbing, which is a great annoyance
with outside feeders. It is made in a thorough and workman-
like manner.

We use and make also, a hive called Blake's Eclipse Obser-
vatory Hive. This is a single walled hive, with glass door in
back to insert the frames. It is designed for ladies and ama-
teurs desiring to study the bees at work. The bees may be
watched with safety as long as wished. The surplus is taken
care of in a crate holding ten two-pound boxes.

Our box hive, is the same as was used by our forefathers in
years gone by. It is still clung to by parties who are not pro-
gressive in their ways and ideas. It has two ten-pound boxes
for the storing of surplus honey. We consider the use of a
small quantity of comb foundation in the frames, a great benefit.

We sell and use Clark's Cold Blast Smokers, for smoking
bees, and we believe there are none better made. We use for
that purpose rotten apple tree as fuel for smokers.

We exhibit a large variety of Implements needed in the suc-
cessful keeping of bees.

We must also mention Root's A. B. C, of Bee Culture, which
we consider a valuable acquisition to the keeping and care of
bees.

Hive JVo. 1. Italian Bees.

These bees are our Improved American Hive described in the
foregoing. We consider that this kind of bees are the only
bees that are the best for all purposes in this section. They
are gentle and quiet at all times. They are remarkable honey-
gatherers and are very prolific. A good Italian Queen has been
known to lay G,000 eggs in from two to three days. They also
winter well and come forth strong and rigorous in the spring. One
especial feature is that they are not likely to run away.

This swarm has gathered about forty pounds of honey this

season, which has been very poor. It has thrown two swarms.
Our honey was taken up in September. We carry six swarms.

Htve No. 2. Hybrid Bees.

These bees are in the same kind of hives as the Italian. They
are a cross between our native bees and the Italian's. They are
a very good kind of bee, if a person does not mind their being a
little cross. They are very fair workers and are fairly prolific.
This swarm was hived about the 20th of June. They have pro-
duced about 25 lbs. of honey, and have also thrown one swarm.
We carry 3 stands of this kind.

Hive No 3. Native Bees.

This swarm is shown in our box hive. They are very un-
profitable bees to keep. Their greatest point being in their
wintering well and also having an extremely sharp stinger which
they use with slight provocation. They are great consumers of
honev. We have not taken any honey from this hive. They
have throwu two swarms. We carry one hive of this kind,
which we retain for profit in one sense that of pleasure, but no
other.

STATEMENT OF E. L. BEAKE & CO,, OF PEABODY MASS., CONCERNING
THEIR EXHIBIT OF HONEY.

The comb honey is shown in one pound sections in our ship-
ping crate. It is mostly linden honey and was gathered by
Italian Bees. It has not been bleached, but is in its natural
state ; we do not believe in bleaching with sulphur, as practiced
by some. Our extracted honey is shown in tumblers holding
one pound. This is mainly clover and golden-rood honey,
gathered in July and August. It was gathered by Italian and
Hybrid Bees aud has not been bleached. It is just as gathered.
It has been kept in a dry room, which is best for kee, ing all
kinds of honey, as dampness spoils it.

65
PEARS.

The Committee on Pears have attended to their duty, and
respectfully report to the Secretary that they have made the
following awards :

$3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Bartletts.

$3.00. First premium, to Samuel S. Lee, Beverly, for Belle
Lucrative.

$3.00, First premium, to H. P. Ives, Salem, for Bosc.

$3.00. First premium, to J. H. Hill, Amesbury, for Anjou.

$3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Anjou-
leme.

$3.00. First premium, to Walter Hutchinson, Danvers, for
Dana's Hovey.

$3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Louise
Bonne.

$3.00. First premium, to A. J. Hubbard, Peabody, for Maria
Louise.

$3.00. First premium, to James Wilson, Topsfield, for Onon-
daga.

$3.00. First premium, to C. B. Haven, Peabody, for Paradise
d'Automne.

$3.00 First premium, to Allen Barr, Lawrence, for Seckle.

$3.00. First premium, to B. R. Symonds, Salem, for Shel-
don.

$3.00. First premium, to Stephen Fernald, Peabody, for
Urbaniste.

$3.00. First premium, to John Perkins, Peabody, for Law-
rence.

$3.00. First premium, to C. B. Haven, Peabody, for Vicar.

$3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Howell.

$3.00. First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for
Clairgeau.

$3.00. First premium, to Albert Perry, Beverly, for Cornice.

$3.00. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynu, for collection of
pears.

$1.50. Gratuity, to Aug. Williams, Beverly, for Bosc.
$1.50. Gratuity, to John Osborn, Salem, for Anjou.
$1.50. Gratuity, to Amos L. Ames, Peabody, for Anjouleme.
$1.00. Gratuity, to A. J. Stetson, Danvers, for Dana's

Hovey.
$1.00. Gratuity, to Amos Evans, Marblehead, for Louise

Bonne.
$1.00. Gratuity, to A. J. Hubbard, Peabody, for Paradise

d'Automne.
$1.50. Gratuity, to Thomas Hale, Rowley, for Seckle.
$1.50. Gratuity, to H. W. Balcomb, Salem, for Sheldon.
$1.00. Gratuity, to J. H. Hill, Amesbury, for Urbaniste.
$1.50. Gratuity, to Stephen Abbott, Beverly, for Lawrence.
$1.00. Gratuity, to G. H. Thissell, Beverly, for Clairgeau.
$1 .00. Gratuity, to C. A. Ropes, Salem, for Cornice.
$1.00. Gratuity, to John Leprum, Beverly, for Sov. de

Congress.
$1.00. Gratuity to J. M. Ward, Peabody, for Goodell.
$1.00. Gratuity, to Edward Burley., Beverly, for Maria

Louise.
$1.00. Gratuity, to John Osborn, Salem, for Bosc.
$1.00. W. B. Ladd, Bradford, for Bosc.
$1.00. Gratuity, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for Anjou.
$1,00. Gratuity, to J. M. Ward, Peabody, for Anjou.
$1.00. Gratuity, to W. Foster, Beverly, for Anjouleme.
$1.00« Gratuity, to A. W. Berry, Peabody, for Lawrence.
$1.00. Gratuity, to H. P. Ives, Salem, for Seckle.
$1.00. Gratuity, to Fred Lamson, Salem, for Seckle.
$1.00. Gratuity, to D. A. Pettengill, Danvers, for Bosc.
$1.00. Gratuity, to John Hamlin, Salem, for Seckle.
$1.00. Gratuity, to G. S. Jeffrey, Peabody, for Sheldon.
$1 .00. Gratuity, to J. N. Estes, Peabody, for Anjou.
P. M. Neal, W. A. Jacobs, A. C. Osborne, Thomas P. Hale,
George Pettingell — Committee.

APPLES.

The Committee on Apples have attended to their duty, and
respectfully report to the Secretary that they have made the
following awards :

$3.00. First premium, to S. B. George, Groveland, for
Baldwin.

$1.00. Gratuity, to Geo. B. Austin, West Boxford, for
Baldwin.

$3.00. First premium, to Paul M. Ilsley, Newbury, for
Roxbury Russett.

$1.00. Gratuity, to John Barker, North Andover, for Rox-
bury Russett.

$3.00. First premium, to L. B. Nichols, Peabody, for Dan-
vers Sweet.

$1.00. Gratuity, to N. Bushby, Peabody, for Danvers Sweet.

$3.00. First premium, to G. D. Walton, Peabody, forTomp-
kin's King.

$3.00. First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for
Red Russett.

$3.00. First premium, to D. A. Pettengill, Danvers, for
Hubbardston.

$1.00. Gratuity, to T. C. Durkee, Peabody, for Hub-
bardston.

$3.00. First premium, to Joel L. Southwick, Peabody,
for Hurlburt.

$1.00. Gratuity, to Augustus Very, Danvers, for Porter.

$3.00. First premium, to Mrs. David Warren, Swampscott,
for Pickman Pippin.

$3.00. First premium, to Chas. W. Gowen, West Newbury,
for R. I. Greening.

$3.00. First premium, to H. Bushby, Peabody, for Graven-
stein.

$3.00. First premium, to W. G. Perkins, Danvers, for
Hunt's Russett.

$3.00. First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for
Smith's Cider.

$1.50. Gratuity, to W. B. Little, Newbury, for Smith's
Cider.

$1.00. Gratuity, to Charles A. Ropes, Salem, for B. Gilli-
flower.

$1.00. Gratuity, to G. D. Walton, Peabody, for Haas.

$1.00. Gratuity, to O. P. Killam, Boxford, for Gol-
den Russett.

$1.00. Gratuity, to David Warren, Swampscott, for No
Name.

$1.00. Gratuity, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for Bailey
Sweet.

$1.50. Gratuity, to John Swinerton, Danvers, for No
Name.

$1.50. Gratuity, to Charles F. Bushby, Peabody, for North-
ern Spy.

$1.00. Gratuity, to John Barker, North Andover, for Heath.

$1 50. Gratuity, to Joseph Ilsley, Newbury, for Bradford
Nonsuch.

$1.50. First premium, to L. S. Wilkins, Middleton, for
Hyslop Crab.

$1.00. Gratuity, to A. C Osborn, Peabody, for Hyslop
Crab.

$3.00. First premium, to J. Henry [Hill, Amesbury, for
Granite Beauty.

Charles M. Lunt, J. W. Goodell, H. W. Munroe, E. A.
Emerson — Committee.

Newbury, Oct. 29, 1889.

Secretary Essex Agricultural Society : —

As an annex to the report of the Committee on Apples the
writer would further say that judging by the premium list the
amateur would naturally come to the conclusion that any or all

the varieties recommended for cultivation in Essex County,
would be comparatively safe to raise, — but in this we say, — go
slow.

From our experience of 25 years in growing apples for the
Boston market, more particularly as a money crop, the most
satisfactory returns have been on sales of Roxbury Russett,
Baldwin, R. I. Greening, and Hubbardston.

We recommend this list to the practical orchardist. Since
the first mention, when Adam was tempted by the seductive
apple — or the seductive Eve, Query, which ( ?) up to within 20
years it was a comparitively easy matter to grow- any sort of
sweet or sour apples, but with the introduction of the maggot,
some of our most cherished fruits have become so riddled by
their attacks, that it would require more than the wiles of a
womau to induce the eating.

With all respect to the society, we beg leave to differ, as our
experience with some varieties, however much their previous
value, are at present, owing to local causes, — now worthless.

The Red Russett cracks as badly as the Flemish pear, while
the Porter, Hunt Russett, and Tolmau Sweet, are in some sec-
tions so infested by the maggot as to cause disappointment to the
grower, dealer and consumer. Should we propose any change
in the list, and certainly we would not add to it, we would men-
tion the Red Canada, or Bradford Nonsuch, — an apple, though
not taking kindly to all situations, is without doubt, when raised
in perfection, the prince among apples. Lasting as it does as a
dessert fruit from early autumn to the summer solstice, it com-
mends itself to the consumer more highly than any other apple
grown in this section.

This was an off year, consequently the exhibit was c
tively small, some varieties only a single plate.

We noticed an apple entered by Mr. Swinerton which seemed
to embrace a number of good points, but in conversation with

that gentlemen he expressed himself as not fully satisfied with
its keeping qualities, therefore we passed it with a gratuity.
Yours respectfully,

Ciias. M. Lunt.

PEACHES, GRAPES, AND ASSORTED FRUITS.

The Committee on Peaches, Grapes, and Assorted Fruit have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that the}' have made the following awards :

$1.00. First premium, to J. N. Burbeck, Peabody, for White

Flesh peaches.
$2.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Yellow

Flesh peaches.
$2.00. First premium, to Mrs. A. D. Gorham, Wenham, for

Seedling peaches.
$1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Seth Norwood, Beverby, for Yellow

Flesh peaches.
$3.00. First premium, to Frederick, Lamson, Salem, for best

collection of peaches.
$3.00. First premium, to James N. Estes, Peabody, for

Concord grapes.
$3.00. First premium, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for

Brighton grapes.
$3.00. First premium, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for

Hartford Prolific grapes.
$3.00. First premium, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for

Deleware grapes.
$3.00. First premium, to Maria Ames, Peabody, for Mar-
tha grapes.
$3.00. First premium, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for

Moore's Early grapes. f

$3.00. First premium, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for

Niagara grapes.

$3.00. First premium, to Geo. W. Stickney, Beverly, for

Hamburg grapes.
$1.50. First premium, to W. P. Hutchinson, Dan vers, for

Best 4 bunches.
$4.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Basket of

Assorted Fruit.
$2.00. Gratuity, to Geo. A. Waitt, Dan vers, for Orange

Quince.
$1.00. Gratuity, to J. Leverett Story, Essex, for Pear Quince.
50c. Gratuity, to Andrew Lane, Rockport, for Cranberries.
$1.00. Gratuity, to Otis Brown, Peabody, for Golden Drop

Plum.
William S. Phillips, Jr., Leon H. Bassett, AYalter F. Gould
-Committee.

PLANTS AND FLOWERS.

The Committee on Plants and Flowers have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :

50c. Gratuity, to C. W. Mitchell, Beverly, for 1 Begonia.
$1.00. First premium, to John E. Mitchell, Beverly, for 5

Dracenas.
$1.00. First premium, to John E. Mitchell, Beverly, for 5

Crotons.
$1.00. First premium, to John E. Mitchell, Beverly, for 5

Gloxinias.
$1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. N. S. Horner, Georgetown, for

Native Weeds.
$5.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. A. Cain, Lynn, (at least

50 specimens,) for 100 Cultivated flowers.
50c. Gratuity, to Lily Ward, Beverly, for 1 Basket Flowers.
50c. Gratuity, to Benj. Larcom, Beverly, for 12 Scabiosas.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. R. C. Patton, Beverly, for 1 Bego-
nia.
$1.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. Henry Hill, Amesbury

for 12 Dianthus.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for 12

Nasturtiums.
50c. Gratuity, to John E. Mitchell, Beverly, for Double

Sunflower.
$1.00. Second premium, to Mrs. David Warren, Swamp-

scott, for 1 pair Boquets of Garden Flowers.
$2.00. First premium, to Mrs. David Warren, Swampscott,

for 1 pair Boquets Native Flowers.
$1.00. First premium, to Mrs. David Warren, Swampscott,

for 12 Nasturtiums.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. M. Barker. Lynn, for Display

Coxcombs.
$1.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. A. Cain, Lynn, for 12

Geraniums, double.
$1.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. A. Cain, Lynn, for 12

Geraniums, single.
$1.00. First premium, to Mamie Mitchell, Beverly, for 24

French Marigolds.
$10.00. First premium, to Johu E. Mitchell, Beverly, for 25

Flowering and Foliage Plants.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. S. Edwards, Beverly, for one
Hydrangea.

50c. Gratuity, to George P. Low, Essex, for Collection of
Gladiolus.

50c. Gratuity, to G. H. Batchelder, Lynn, for Collection

of Dahlian Pompom.
50c. Gratuity, to F. N. Dodge, Beverly, for Collection of

Dahlias Pompom.
$2.00. First premium, to Frederick Lamson, Salem, for

Basket of Greenhouse Flowers.

$1.00. Second premium, to Mrs. J. C. Vickary, Lynn, for
Basket Garden Flowers.

$1.00. First premium, to Mrs. Albert Eaton, Lynn, for 24
Petunias, single.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. E. Fuller, Middleton, for Col-
lection of Wild Flowers.

$2.00. First premium, to J. C. Vickary, Lynn, for Collec-
tion ol'Pansies, Crescent Design.

$1.00. First premium, to J. C. Vickary, Lynn, for 12 Phlox
Drommondii.

$1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Amelia Ropes, Salem, for Collec-
tion of Garden Flowers.

$1.00- First premium, to Miss Amelia Ropes, Salem, for
Display of Coxcombs.

$1.00. First premium, to Mr. Gordon, gardener for Mr.
Pickraan, Beverly, for 5 Palms.

$2.50. Gratuity, to Mr. Gordon, gardener for Mr. Pickman,
Beverly, for Collection of Flowering and Foliage
Plants.

$1.00. First premium, to J. C. Vickary, Lynn, for 24 Zin-
nias.

$1.00. First premium, to J. C. Vickary, Lynn, for 12
Scabiosas.

$2.50. Gratuity, to David Weir, gardener to Gardner Es-
tate, Beverly, for Collection of Flowering and Foliage
Plants.

Special Faxon premium, to Mrs. J. A. Cain, Lynn,
for Collection of Pansies.

Many collections, worthy of the Society's Premiums, were
necessarily thrown out by reason of not complying with the rules
and regulations.

Your committee with the new and revised Premium list in
hand entered upon their duties with considerable interest. The
display in Plants and Flowers were arranged in the rear gallery
of the Exhibition Hall under the efficient management of Mr.

John Mitchell, (whose own displays received a number of
prizes,) Florist, of Beverly, as well as the space allotted, time
aud convenience would allow. It is becoming apparent in this
department of our exhibition, as well as in others, that increased
room and facilities are more and more required in the Exhibition
Hall for proper and satisfactory display of articles exhibited.
While it was to be regretted that no competitors appeared for a
number of the premiums offered, it was yet the means, possibly,
of saving considerable annoyance in providing proper space for
them.

Of the $150.00 assigned to this committee, but $50.00 was all
that we felt justified in awarding. A number as has frequently
been the case in previous years, failing to comply with the
printed regulations of the society, lost the full attention that
otherwise their exhibits would have merited. Especially was
this true in the exhibit of "Flowering and Foliage" plants by
Mr. David AYeir, gardener to the Gardner estate, Beverly, who
failed to enter them as he evidentlv intended to do. Further,
while man}r of his plants were, by reason of age, beyond their
prime, they, yet by their bright and attractive appearance, add-
ed to the exhibit and merited certainly the gratuity we were able
to grant. Mr. Gordon, gardener to Mr. Pickmau of Beverly,
also displayed of his skill and added not a little to the success
of the exhibit. AVe trust at the next annual exhibition both of
these gentlemen, as well as others, will favor us as well, if not
better, that all may enjoy.

Noticeable was the absence of Plants in the "Single Speci-
mens" that often have graced our tables. Designs in both
native and cultivated flowers were lacking, a feature of the
aunual display that we hope hereafter will not again be wanting.

For the first time, the society offered a premium for collections
of wood of native trees in sections arranged suitable for the
occasion in the hope that the boys and girls of the county and
even those of more mature years would find not only pleasure,
but instruction, in familiarizing themselves with our native trees

to the extent of showing a sample of their work accomplished.

True, likewise, in the offer made for best display of "Native
and Introduced" weeds was the wish to secure interest enough
in a display that might lead to more knowledge concerning
them and suggest best means for their extinction.

The growth of the exhibits, in this department, following the
lines marked out in the premiums offered means the annual dis-
play of a good and considerable variety, especially in the line of
specimen plants often of considerable size. To accommodate
such and to render possible a more effective grouping we would
respectfully suggest and recommend that a space hereafter in
the center of the Exhibition Hall rather than the platforms or
galleries be allotte 1 to this department. Such spac3 will thus
allow the "banking" or "massing" of the plants displayed in
some compact and appropriate form easily to be seen and of
good effect from all parts of the hall. The "Cut Flowers" and
smaller plants as usual on tables gathered about this central
location.

Edward E. "Woodman, Chairman, Martha De M. Gage, Char-
lotte N. S. Horner, Mrs. L. H. Bowdoin, John A. Sears, J. H.
Sears. — Committee.

VEGETABLES.

The Committee on Vegetables have attended to their duty,

and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have made

the following awards :

$3.00. First premium to "W. A. Jacobs, Danversport, for

Stone Mason cabbage.

2.00. Second premium to "W. A. Jacobs, Danversport, for

Red cabbage.
2.00. Second premium to "W. A. Jacobs, Danversport, for
Savoy cabbage.

3.00. First premium to W. A. Jacobs, Danversport, for

Dauvers carrot.
50c. Gratuity to I. Foster, Jr., Peabody, for Hubbard

squash.
50c. Gratuity to I. Foster, Jr., Peabody, for Essex

Hybrid squash.
3.00. First premium to I. Foster, Jr., Peabody, for Peach

tomatoes.
3.00. First premium to A. A. Mason, North Beveily, for

Marrow, Duulap squash.
3.00. First premium to A. A. Masou, North Beverly, for

Turban squash.
2.00. First premium to A. A. Mason, North Beverly, for

Cantalope melon.
1.00. Gratuity to A. A. Mason North Beverly, for Parsnips.
1.00. Gratuity to David Warren, Swampscott, for Danvers

ouiou.
3.00. Fix-st premium to David Warren, Swampscott, for

Bay State squash.
1.00. Gratuity to E. W. Galloupe, Wenham, for Butnam

squash.
1.00. Gratuity to Batchelder Farm, West Wenham, for Mar-

blehead squash.
3.00. First premium to Batchelder Farm, West Wenham,

for Yellow Ruta Bagas.
3.00. First premium to Batchelder Farm, West Wenham,

for Clark's No. 1 potatoes.
2.00. First premium to Batchelder Farm, West Wenham,

for Brunswick cabbage.
50c. Gratuity to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for Red onions.
3.00. First premium to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for

parsnips.
3.00. First premium to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for Flat

onions.

3.00. First premium to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for Red

onions.
3.00. First premium to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for Ed-
maud's beet.
3.00. First premium toW. Burke Little, Newbury, for Dew-

ing's beets.
3.00. First premium to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for

Eclipse beets.
3.00. First premium to W". Burke Little, Newbury, for Dan-

vers onions.
3.00. First premium to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for

Beauty of Hebron potatoes.
50c. Gratuity to John E. Foster, Beverly, for peppers.
50c. Gratuity to G. E. Ward, Beverly, for Bay State

squash.
3.00. First premium to Asa F. Lee, Beverly, for Brunswick

cabbage.
3.00. First premium to Asa F. Lee, Beverly, for Potter's

sweet corn.
50c. Gratuity to Asa F. Lee, Beverly, for Boston favorite

beans.
50c. Gratuity to Mabel Woodbury, Beverly, for Gourds.
3.00. First premium to Aaron Low, Essex, for Early Cory

corn.
50c. Gratuity to Aaron Low, Essex, for Low's perfection

corn.

3.00. First premium to Aaron Low, Essex, for Essex
Hybrid tomatoes.

3.00. First premium to Aaron Low, Essex, for Cardinal
tomatoes.

3.00. First premium to Aaron Low, Essex, for Emery
tomatoes.

2.00. First premium to William Monroe, Beverly, for
Golden celery.

50c. Gratuity to W. J. Monroe, Lynnfield, for Edmand's

beets.
50c Gratuity to W. J. Monroe, Lynnfield, for Essex sweet

corn.
2.00. Second premium to Moses H. Poor, West Newbury,

for Stone Mason cabbage.
3.00. First premium to Albert Berry, North Andover, for

White Ruta Bagas.
50c. Gratuity to C. R. Andrews, West Boxford, for egg

white turnips.
50c. Gratuity to C. R. Andrews, West Boxford, for Red

cabbage.
50c. Gratuity to J. B. Bresuehan, Peabody, for 1 peck of

Hebron potatoes.
50c. Gratuity to S. B. Bresuehan, Peabody, for Marrow

squash.
3.00. First premium to T. C. Durkee, West Peabody, for

Savoy cabbage.
2.00. Second premium to T. C. Durkee, West Peabody, for

Brunswick cabbage.
3.00. First premium to W. K. Cole, West Boxford, for peck

cranberries.
3.00. First premium to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Mangold

Wurtzels.
3.00. First premium to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Livingstone

tomatoes.
50c. Gratuity to J. T. Kelley, Salem, for Trophy tomatoes.
2.00. First premium to H. A. Stiles, Middleton, for 1 peck

cranberries.
3.00. First premium to H. A. Stiles, Middleton, for purple

top turnips.
3.00. First premium to H. A. Stiles, Middleton, for White

top turnip.
1.00. Gratuity to J. Swinerton, Danvers, for Ruta Baga
turnips.

1.00. Gratuity toN. A. Bushby, Peabocly for Sibley squash.

3.00. First premium to N. A. Bushby, Peabocly, for Short
Horn carrot.

3.00. First premium to W. K. Cole, West Boxford, for 1
peek Early Rose potatoes.

1.00. Third premium to F. D. Marston, Danvers, for 1 peck
Cranberries.

8,00. First premium, to J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead, for
collection of vegetables.

3.00. First premium to J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead, for
Hubbard squash.

1.00. Gratuity to Batchelder Farm, West Wenham, for
collection of potatoes.

3.00. Gratuity to Aaron Low, Essex, for collection of toma-
toes.
50c. Gratuity to Osman Babson, Gloucester, for last
year's squash.

50c. Gratuity to W, A. Jacobs, Danversport, for Dunlap's

Prolific Marrow squash.
50c. Gratuity to W. A. Jacobs, Danversport, for Cauli-
flower.

1.00. Gratuity to W. A. Jacobs, Danversport, for Stowell
corn.

Richard Jaques, John T. Elliot, Wm. H. Greenleaf — Com-
mittee.

GRAIN AND SEEDS.

The Committee on Grain and Seeds have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :

§1. First premium to S. W. Weston, Middleton, for 1 peck
field corn.

$1. First premium, to S. W. Weston, Middleton, for 1 peck

rye.
$1. First premium, to B. IT. Farnum, North Andover, for

1 peck buckwheat.
|5. First premium, to C. K. Ordway & Son, West Newbury,

for 25 ears field corn.
$3. Second premium, to A. S. Longfellow, Grovelaud, for

25 ears of field corn.
S2. Third premium, to S. W. Weston, Middleton, for 25

ears field corn.
$3. First premium, to A. C. Osborne, Peabody, for 25 ears

of pop corn.
$2. Second premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, 25 ears of pop

corn.
$8. First premium, to J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead. for

303 samples of field and garden seeds.
Charles B. Grant, Wm. H. Smith, Albert Berry — Committee.

Xoth— \ wards made to Aaron Low and Ruxton & Co.. by Committee were
not confirmed by Trustees, because separate entries were not made of what
were grown by tliem and what were grown by others.

COUNTERPANES AND AFGHANS.

The Committee on Counterpanes and Afghans have attended

to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretory that they

have made the following awards :

#3.00 First premium, to Mrs. Ivory Quimby, Wenham, for

Caterpillar afghan.

2.00. Second premium, to Mrs. J. E. Galloupe, Beverly, for

knitted afghan.
4.00. First premium, to Mrs. W. C. Davenporr, Salem, for

knitted quilt.
2.00. Second premium, to Mr. W. Pollies. Boxford, for silk
quilt.

1.00. Gratuity, to Miss C. M. Keyes, East Boxford, for silk

quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. W. Downing, North Beverly, for

knit quilt.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. P. Baker, Peaborly, for silk quilt.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. T. Harris, Beverly, for silk quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Walter Perry, Beverly, for knitted

afghan.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Wilmont Vivian, Salem, for plush

quilt.
1.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. R. D. "Wilson, Beverly, for woollen

quilt.
1.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Melvin W. Gould, Topsfield, for quilt

and shams.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss M. E. Drover, Salem, for afghan.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. F. Towne, Beverly, for cotton

quilt.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. E. Dodge, Beverly, for cotton

quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. A. Osgood, Beverly, for knit

quilt.
Mrs. A. F. Harvey, Mrs. M. E. Fuller, Mrs. A. Babson—
Com?nittee.

CARPETING AND RUGS.

The Committee on Carpeting and Rugs have attended to

their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they

have made the following awards :

$3.00. First premium, to Mrs. B. W. Hobbs, Wenham, for

braided mat.

2.00. Second premium, to Mrs. Mary Vickery, Beverby, (age

87 years,) for braided mat.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. James E. Gerrish, Beverly, for ruo-.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. N. Remson, Beverly, for drawn

rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. Standley, Beverly, for braided

rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. L. Crosby, Beverly, for braided

rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. B, Gilford, Ipswich, for drawn

rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Eliza Wilson, Beverly, (age, 77

years) , for mat.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. A. Stickney, Salem, for drawn

rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. T.Elliott, Beverly Farms, for

drawn rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. J. Carleton, Salem, for rug,
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. A. Berry, Beverly, for rugs.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. H. A. Appleton, Beverly, for drawn

mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Louisa P. Hood, Danvers, for

braided mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Horace E. Ellis, Salem, for braided

mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Mr. Calvin Foster, Beverly, for drawn

mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Sally Martin, Manchester, for yarn

mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Betsey Coffin, Beverly, (age, 76

years, 6 months,) for braided mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Elnathan Dodge, Danvers, for

braided mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. David Standley, Beverly, (age, 76

years,) for braided mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. L. J. Hooper, Beverly, for drawn
mat.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. H. E. Pope, Salem, for drawn mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Clara N. Davis, Beverly, for drawn

mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Elizabeth "Woodberry, Beverly, for

drawn mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. Arthur Trask, Peabody, for

braided mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. H. Pushee, Beverly, for drawn mats.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Alice Caswell, Beverly, for drawn

mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Rosie E. Cahoon, Beverly, for drawn

mat.
.5o. Gratuity, to Mrs. Joseph Bushby, Danvers, for rag

mat,
.50. Gratuity to Miss L. E. Gillispie, Salem, for kid but-
ton rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mr. A. Quimby, Salem, for drawn rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. H. A. Preston, Beverly, for button

mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Eliza Porter, Danvers, (age, 91

years,) for braided mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. W. H. Harmon, Beverly, for worked

worsted rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Sarah E. Woodman, Danversport,

for braided rug.
.50. Gratuity, to J. T. Ross, Danversport, for braided

rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Lydia P. Ober, Beverly Farms, for drawn

rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. J. Ham, Beverly, for drawn rug.
.50. Gratuity, to B. Cook, Wenham, for braided rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Fannie F. Flint, Middleton, for knit silk

rus:.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Henry F. Williams, Beverly, for

drawn rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Minnie Mansley, Beverly, for drawn
mat.
Mary E. Stiles, Andrew Nichols — For the Committee.

MANUFACTURES OF LEATHER.

The Committee on Manufactures of Leather have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :

$5.00. First premium, to Charles McTernen, Danvers, for

team harness.
1.00. Gratuity, to Charles McTernen, Danvers, for express

harness.
5.00 First premium, to T. W. Howse, Beverly, for express

harness.
2.00. Gratuity, to T. W. Howse, Beverly, for carryall

harness.
2.00. First premium, to J. F. Todd, Rowley, for pair kid

boots.
2.00. First premium, to "W. H. Flint, Danvers, for boots.
3.00. Gratuity, to C. P. Spencer & Co., Salem, for Surry

luiraess.
2.00. Gratuity, to C. P. Spencer & Co., for coach harness.
Diploma, to Pedrick & Seavey, Beverly, for case of shoes.
4.00. Gratuity, to Creesy & Obear, Beverly, for case of

shoes.
5.00. First premium, to H. H. Pillsbury, Danvers, for car

harness.

H. II. Pillsbury, P. E. Clark, G. C. Foster— Committee.

FANCY WORK.

The Committee on Fancy Work have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have made the

following awards :

$1.50. Gratuity, to Martha O. Barrett, Peabody, for pen-
writing on liuen.

1.00. Gratuity, to Annie P. Newhall, Lynn, for pen-writing
on linen.

75c. Gratuity, to Emma L. Porter, Beverly, for lace hand-
kerchief.

50c. Gratuity, to Miss Jennie P. Felt, Lynn, for Honiton
lace hood, collar and handkerchief.

50c Gratuity, to Helen Southard, Beverly, for handker-
chief.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. H. F. Walker, Beverly, for Tidy.

50c. Gratuity, to Olive Rodie, Peabody, handkerchief.

50c. Gratuity, to^Annie Balcomb, Salem, for lace.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Otis Brown, Peabody, for toilet set.

1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Clara Swasey, Beverly, for knit table
ceuter.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. W. Fisk, Salem, table cloth.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. J, T. Mooney, Salem, for lambre-
quin.

50c. Gratuity, to Mr. Chandler, Beverly, for handkerchiefs.

50c. Gratuity, to Annie L. Smith, Danvers, for dress.

50c. Gratuity, to Miss Gussie Denning, Beverly, for silk
quilt.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. M. Ward, Peabody, crochet mat.

50c. Gratuity, to Cora S. Haskell, Salem, bureau scarf.

75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Gunn, Lynn, for blanket.

50c. Gratuity, to Josie P. Felt, Lynn, for flannel skirt.

50c. Gratuity, to Julia S. Parsons, Lynnfield centre, for
handkerchief.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. Dodge, Beverly, for knitted cap.

50c. Gratuity, to Lizzie Fernald, Danvers, for specimens of

lace.
50c. Gratuity, to Miss Flora E. Sampson, Lynn, for sample

of lace.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. W. A. Perry, Salem, for tidy.
75c. Gratuity, to Judith Crosby, Danvers, for sample of

edging.
50c. Gratuity, to J. L. Goodrich, Beverly, for apron.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Clara M. Ames, Peabody, for mats.
50c. Gratuity, to Miss E. W. W. Chadwick, Salem, for

bureau scarf.
50c. Gratuity, to Miss Faxon, Danvers, for skirt border.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss N. F. Butman, Beverly, for silk

cocoons.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. W. Davis, Beverly, for doll.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. "Wilmont Vivian, Salem, for table

cloth.
50c. Gratuity, to IdaE. Merrill, Beverly, for sham, apron,

handkerchief.
75c. Gratuity, to C. Mason, Beverly, for foot rest.
50c. Gratuity, to Katie A. Lynch, Beverly, for table scarf

and sofa pillow.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Ellen G. Hart, Peabody, for down

pillow.
75c. Gratuity, to Nellie F. Standley, Beverly, for satchel.
, 75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Clara E. Porter, Beverly, for pillow

shams.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. "W. F. Porter, Beverly, for apron.
50c. Gratuity, to W. C. Davenport, Salem, for apron.
75c. Gratuity, to Miss C. M. Dunnel, Ipswich, for piano

cover.
75c. Gratuity, to Annie Bushby, Peabody, for table cover.
75c. Gratuity, to Mary Gray, Salem, for lambrequin.
50c. Gratuity, to Lizzie Goldthwaite, Salem, for dress.
Elizabeth P. Nichols, Frances O. Perkins, Emily H. Camp-
bell, Mrs. J. M. Todd — Committee.

WORKS OF ART.

The Committee on "Works of Art have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have made the
following awards :

$3.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Foster, Beverly, for oil painting,
and painting on china.
3.00. Gratuity, to Ida F. Upton, Salem, for oil painting.
2.00. Gratuity, to Annie Woodbury, Beverly, for crayon

drawing.
2.00. Gratuity, to Miss E. W. Chadwick, Salem, for brass

etching.
2.00. Gratuity, to Beverly Pottery, Beverly, for pottery.
1.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. E. Clark, Beverly, for oil paint-
ing.
1.50. Gratuity, to Fred N. Dodge, Beverly, for clock in

sorrento work.
1.50. Gratuity, to Fred M. Herrick, Beverly, for clock in

intarsia or inlaid work.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss M. S. Friend, Beverly, for artistic

pen sketch.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Susie S. Kelly, Salem, for charcoal

drawing.
1.00. Gratuity, to R. T. Chappie, Salem, for decorated

vases.
1.00. Gratuity, to Florence Kilham, Beverly, for oil painting
fruit.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Taylor, Beverly, for oil china
painting.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Martha Barrett, Peabody, for oil
painting.

1.00. Gratuity, to William O. Cree, Beverly, for stuffed
birds.

1.00. Gratuity, to J. M. Washington. Salem, for penman-
ship.

1.00. Gratuity, to A. El well, Danvers, for photographs

and crayon drawing.
75c. Gratuity, to S. D. Rice, Danvers, for oil painting.
75c. Gratuity, to R. P. Story, Essex, for composition of

still life, in oils.
75c. Gratuity, to A. S. Symonds, Peabody, oil painting,

fruit.
75c. Gratuity, to Mary L. Woodbuiy, Beverly, for oil

painting, flowers.
50c. Gratuity, to G. H. Worrall, Salem, for oil painting,

flowers.
50c. Gratuity, to "Willie Hill, Beverly, for drawing of

horses' heads.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. P. Lefavour, Beverly, for oil

painting ; mirror frame.

There were 153 entries under the head of Works of Art.
The character of the objects which were submitted to the Com-
mittee was very varied, as there were comprised under this head,
paintings in oil and in water colors, charcoal and pen sketches,
specimens of penmanship, wood-sawing or sorrento work, intarsia
or inlaid work in wood, painting on china and silk, moulding of
pottery, and decorative modelling and painting of the same,
brass etching, stuffed birds, etc.

Of course the greater part of the exhibitors had to go unno-
ticed, many of whom had more or less merit, but as the seeing
and recognizing works of merit superior to one's own, is one of
the very best of teachers, and one of the principal advantages
of public exhibitions, they will have gained something by com-
parisons which an earnest worker will be glad to have done, and
will profit by.

As the chief aim of this society is to raise the standard of all
kinds of home work, knowing that to produce the best of each
thing after its kind is improving and refining, it is thus, quite
naturally drawn towards the representations of the beautiful in

the nature which surrounds them and presents itself to their
notice under so many and such varied forms ; — of great power
sometimes, and at other times, of great beauty, the study or
observation of which is always ennobling, and whether they
realize it or not, goes far towards making the agricultural class,
some of the most thiukiug and well balanced of our people.

How grandly do some of our best artist depict nature in her
stern mood of the thunder storm, her benevolent mood of the
generous harvest, or her good-night salutations of a brilliant
sunset ! How nobly has Rosa Bonheur immortalized her name
and her art, by her splendid, strong and true representations of
fine cattle ! She had to begin once, and in this very exhibition
was one study of a dog's head by Mrs. A. E. Clark, which
Rosa Bonheur might once have been proud to have painted, it is
so true, so living.

Therefore, the first consideration of the Committee was drawn
to Fine Art, properly so called, or the representing of the works
of the Creator by his loving and studious children ; after this to
decorative and industrial art ; he who excels in either of these
departments, raises the famous banner ''Excelsior" for the en-
couragement and guidance of his fellowmen.

After having exhausted the fund apppropriated by the society
for gratuities, the Committee decided that it would be well to
make honorable mention of a few of the works which most de-
served it ; they therefore wish thus to recognize the merits of a
small picture in water colors, called "View from the "Willows,"
by A. K. Abbott, which showed excellent drawing, good pro-
portions and much promise ; of a "Fire Screen" by Mrs. W. W.
Kilman, on which the brightly blooming cactics made a good
apology for shutting out the fire-light ; of a charcoal drawing,
by Arthur Streambnrg of Beverly, which had good artistic qual-
ities and wasveiy promising ; of a fine specimen of penmanship,
giving the true penman's flourishes in a very free manner,
around which was grouped some clever sketches in water colors
by Mr. Gardner ; of two bits of tree drawings with pen and ink

by S. E. Ober, showing cai'eful study ; of a plaque in wood, with
a fairly good head painted in the centre, but with a very beauti-
ful open-work border, by W". H. S. Hascall, of Beverly ; and of
an unpretending branch of oranges and orange blossoms by
Miss Balconib, which was well studied and refined in tone. A
little painting of roses by Lilia Quinby "aged twelve years"
would surely have been rewarded if it had been placed in the
children's department, but having no special artistic merit it
was overlooked by the Committee ; yet when, after the list of
awards had been filled out and sent in to the Secretary, it was
seen that it was done by so young a child, it was decided to
give it honorable mention in their report, for pains-taking work,
she may yet hope to win the first prize some day.

The works of the Beverly Pottery form a very desirable in-
dustry which is so well known that it is hardly necessary to
make any comment upon them ; yet the directors deserve high
praise for continuing to make jars and vases which have for one
of their chief merits that they generally retain beauty and sim-
plicity of form, without attempting to produce surprising odd,
or unartistic forms to please, or cater to an uneducated taste.

The Committee would most respectfully suggest to the officers
of the society, that if the term "Works of Art" is to be so
broadly applied it would be very desirable that the amount of
money for the awards should be increased by $10, or more.*

Miss Martha O. Barrett, Mrs. Charles J. Peabody, Miss
Mary E. "Williams, Miss Daisey F. Raymond, Mrs. John F.
Smith — Committee.

*The Trustees have increased the amount for awards for Works of Art, to
$50.

CHILDREN'S "WORK.

The Committee on Children's Work have attended to their

duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :
$3.00. First premium, to Mattie G. Ferguson, Danvers, for
handkerchief.
2.00. Second premium, to Clara M. Keyes, Boxford, for

quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Abbie T. Woodbury, Beverly, for paint-
ing.
1.00. Gratuity, to Lena G. Morgan, Manchester, for crochet

work.
50c. Gratuity, to Mary E. Dodge, Hamilton, for oil paint-
ing.
50c. Gratuity, to Grace B. Lowd, Salem, for pillow shams.
50c. Gratuity, to Lizzie Berry, Beverly, for quilt.
50c. Gratuity, to Joanna L. Endicott, Beverly, for tray

cloth.
50c. Gratuity, to Hattie F. Dodge, Wenham, for afghan.
50c. Gratuity, to Gertrude P. Cole, Peabody, for apron.
50c. Gratuity, to Etta Pushee, Beverly, for crayon drawing.
50c. Gratuity, to Fannie Merrill, Newburyport, for quilt.
50c. Gratuity, to Annie J. Haskell, Beverly, for mat.
50c. Gratuity, to Edith Elliot, Beverly, for bureau scarf.
50c. Gratuity, to Lillie Ward, Beverly, for basket of flow-
ers.
50c. Gratuity, to Blanche Munroe, Beverly, for scent bag.
Mrs. Bennett Griffin, Mrs. Fred A. Dodge, Mrs. A. B.
Fellows, Ellen M. Dole — Committee.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON IMPROVING WASTE

LAND.

Three members of your committee visited the land entered by
N. N. Dummer, (the only entry made,) and there found a track
of about 15 acres, which had been reclaimed for the most part

from an alder swamp. The steps taken by Mr. Duraraer are
stated in his report. The water level being from necessity within
a foot of the surface of most of the area as late as through
planting time, of necessity limiting the crop that it is possible to
raise upon it to the grasses, and the presence of some of the
varieties of plants that thrive in wet and cold soil, gives evidence
that the water needed to be lowered in the ditch, which though
shallow, had become partly filled with soil. Still the committee
had reason to believe that with but a small additional outlay,
during the period remaining of the lease, Mr. Dummer would
obtain for the laud considerable more than sufficient to repay
him all the expense incurred. Assuming that the owner himself
had entered on this investment, how would the case have stood?
Assuming that his course and outlay had been the same as
Mr. Dummer, and with like results, then in five years, he would
have received back all his outlay, with more than the interest on
the investment, and in addition a worthless alder swamp turned
into productive grass land, a permauent profit.

The experiment of Mr. Dummer \s one of especial value to
the farmers of Essex County, for two reasons : 1st, because as far
as it has gone, it demonstrates that it may pay any man to re-
claim waste land, even when not his own, on terms that will
make the work a profit to both parties concerned in the enter-
prise ; and secondly it proves that there is a kind of low laud in
the county, that it will pay to reclaim even when the water in
the early part of the seasou, stands within a foot of the surface.
Your committee awarded to Mr. Dummer the premium of $15.
J. J. H. Gregory — For the Committee.

STATEMENT OF N. N. DUMMER OF ROWLEY. ,

The land which is entered for premium is a piece of pasture
containing about 15 acres situated on the east side of the New-
buryport Turnpike, near Glen Mills in Rowley. This pasture

I took for the purpose of making a field and was to have all I
could get from it for five }'ears. When I took it in August,
1886, it was covered with a growth of Alders, with here and
there an open space, excepting two acres which had been plowed.
I commenced at once cutting down and burning the bushes and
alders. The first year I plowed fourteen acres and sowed thir-
teen of them with grass seed.

It was plowed by a two horse team and at the rate of about
three-fourths of an acre a day.

The next year I took for the first crop eighteen tons of hay.
That year I planted one acre with potatoes and received 70
bushels. I then sowed it with grass seed and broke a half acre
more of the land. The next year I cut sixteen (16) tons of
hay. This year I plowed and sowed clown the remaining land,
and have cut fifteen tons of hay. The hay would have weighed
more, but there was so much rain and cloudy weather, it did not
ripen well. I have received from the land within, $125, enough
to pay for the outlay, and have two more crops to take from it to
complete the term of five years.

I received :

1st year.— 18 tons of hay at $11. Standing $198.00.

2d " —16 " " " " " " 176.00.

" " 70 bushels of potatoes at 75c. 52.50.

3d " 15 tons of hay, 165.00.

Expense of plowing,
Cutting and burning bushes,
Fertilizers and manures,

591.50.

$75,

.00.

300.00.

311

.00.

Expense exceeds receipts by $124.50.

716.00.

N. N. DUMMER.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON GRAIN" CROPS.

To the Secretary of Essex Agricultural Society:

The Committee on Grain Crops report but two entries, same
number as last year. One of Indian corn, by the same person.
O. P. Kilham, of Boxford. One of barley, by Silas Plumer, of
Newbury. Both crops were entered to be visited immediately,
which leaves no time to notify the committee in all parts of the
county. I visited Mr. Plumer's crop July 8th, and he cut it the
10th. It was very early, and had not lodged any this wet year.
I think the reason he did not get more than 38 bushels, was that
the seed, though from a premium crop is deteriorating, as there
were two and four rowed barley, with a few oats, which shows
that we should have the best of seed. We recommend that
Mr. Plumer be given the first premium of $10.*

I visited Mr. Kilham's corn the 7th of Sept., the same dajr
that I received the entry. He had begun to cut and stook it.
The ears were very uniform in size, dry and ripe ; it showed the
same clean cultivation as last year, but the grass was show-
ing its claim on the land. We recommend that Mr. Kilham be
given the premium of $10.

He has given a very exact statement ; but I do not agree
with the profit. Plowing and harrowing on his corn land last
year, was $9.00. Cultivating and hoeing, $7.00. This year
it should be twice that, as the corn was in drills, and had to be
thinned ; and also a wet vear. The corn stover should be valued
not over $24. The amount of grass that would grow if not
plowed, which I think would have been heavy, should have this
extra plowing expense reckoned also.

Andrew Dodge — For the Committee.

*The T-ustees would not suspend the rules to allow a preuuuui on a crop less
than 40 bushels to the acre.

STATEMENT OF OLIVER P. KILHAM.

The two years, 1887 and 1888, the land produced light crops
of English hay, 1200 to 1500 pounds per acre, no manure was

used. The soil is a dark loam. The field was plowed about
the 15th of May, six inches deep, at a cost of $3. per acre. The
field was manured with 20 loads of manure from barn cellar, 30
bushels per load, which was spread and plowed under. Value
of manure spread on ground $2. per load. Field planted May
18th with a machine, using 12 qts. of eight rowed yellow corn
to the acre, at a cost of $1.50 per acre. Tne field was culti-
vated four times and hoed twice. Cost of cultivating including
weeding and thining, $6 per acre. Commenced cutting and
stooking the 2d. day of September and finished the 15th. Cost
of cutting and stooking $6. Getting in and husking $15. About
300 lbs. of Stockbridges Corn Phosphate, costing $6, was
drilled in with the seed. I weighed 80 lbs. of ears when husked
4th of October, put it in thin bags and hung them on a pole,
in the sun three weeks, it was then nice and dry enough to
grind 68 lbs, cobs 12 lbs, making 56 lbs of shelled corn.

CORN CROP.

Dr.

To Plowing and Harrowing, $4.75

20 loads of manure spread, 40.00

Seed and planting, 1.50

Cultivating and hoeing, 6.00

Cutting and stooking, 6.00

Getting in and husking, 15.00

300 lbs. Phosphate 6.00

Expense per acre, $79.25

Or.

By 4 tons of Stover at $12, $48.00

98 1-16 bushels of corn at 70c, . 68.64

$116.64

96
Value of manure left in field, $ 23.00

8139.64

Profit per acre, $60.39

It might be thought I estimated the value ot my corn too high by the bushel.
I have been selling this fall for hulling, for 75c. per bushel.

This may certify that I measured for O. P. Kilham 4 rods, at each end of the
field, and 4 rods in the middle, and it weighed 49 l-31bs. per rod. I hu-ked and
weighed the same. Moody K. Stacy.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON ROOT CROPS.

The Committee on Root Crops have only six entries to report
this year from five competitors, as against ten entries in 1888,
and the smallest number we think for several years, and prob-
ably due to the excessive rains the past season, are as follows :
John H. George, of Methuen, crop of onions and pota-
toes. Daniel Carlton, of North Andover, crop of cabbage.
David Warren, of Swampscott, crop of Bay State squash. Cor-
nelius Moynihau, of Newbury, crop of Ruta Baga turnips.
James Manning, of Topsfield, crop of Ruta Baga turnips.

The first visit we made was to see Mr. John H. George's crop
of onions and potatoes, on Aug. 22, and found for this season
what we called a remarkably good crop of both. The onions
grew on the same piece of reclaimed swamp land that he has
entered for a premium before, not any weeds on the piece, and
the onions all dried down and ready for market, with no scul-
lions, and very few picklers. The size of the onions as a whole,
were not so large as some would like, but were a veiy even
medium, that would suit most people for family trade. His crop
of potatoes grew on a new piece of ground, that was covered
with rocks and stumps, the previous year, when your Committee

visited him, of a gravelly loarny nature, but the rocks and stumps
had all disappeared and a fine crop of potatoes planted in hills,
three feet apart each way, of good even size, smooth, and free
from rot.

On Sept. 5 we visited Mr. Carlton's crop of cabbage, tbey
were Brunswick's planted on good, strong, dark, loamy soil.
The cabbage was planted in rows three feet apart and set eigh-
teen iuches apart in the row, and at the time of our visit every
cabbage had a head of large size for that season of the year, so
large that most of them touched and crowded each other. On
Sept. 21 we went to Newbury to see the crop of Ruta Baga
turnips entered by Mr. Moynihan ; they were planted quite
early in the season for turnips, on a side hill sloping to the north,
of a dark yellow loam. The crop was a good one, but the
quality of it was so large and coarse, that very few of them would
be marketable, and your Committee did not feel justified in
giving him the first premium.

On Sept. 27, we went to Swampscott to see Mr. Warren's
crop of Bay state squashes, which we found to be of good qual-
ity, evep in size, and well ripened. Mr. Warren showed us one
side of the piece that was planted with seed taken from squash
weighing eight or nine pounds, and the product was the same,
while the balance of the piece, seed were taken from squash
weighing from twelve to sixteen pounds and the product the
same.

Oct. 8 we went to Topsfield to see a crop of Ruta Baga tur-
nips entered by Mr. Manning ; they were planted so late that
very few of them grew large enough to be of a marketable size,
but the}' were even, set well in the rows, and if they had one
month more to grow, would undoubtedly have been a fine crop,
but under the circumstances the Committee thought they could
not award him a premium, and do justice by the society.

The Committee award the following premiums :

$10. First premium, to John H. George, Methuen, for crop
ouions.

$10. First premium, to John H. George, Methuen, for crop

potatoes.
$10. First premium, to Daniel Carlton, North Andover, for

crop cabbage.
$10. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for crop

Bay state squash.
$5. Second premium, to Cornelius Moynihan, Newbury, for

crop Ruta Baga turnips.
John M. Danforth, for the Committee.

STATEMENT OF A CROP OF ONIONS, GROWN BY JOHN EL GEORGE, OF

METHUEN.

The half acre of onions, which I enter for the society's premi-
um, were grown on a peat meadow. It has had onions grown on
it for the last five years, and has been manured each year at the
rate of, not to exceed 10 cords compost to the acre. This year
it had about 4 cords good manure, horse, cow and night soil, mixed
on the half acre. It was applied last fall, and ploughed in about
4 inches deep with one horse. This spring it was harrowed,
brushed, dragged, and sown with Yellow Danvers onion seed,
C lbs. to the acre ; 12 inches between the rows ; hoed 5 times;
weeded 3 times ; raked out, picked up into crates, piled up in
the field to dry ; when dry carted to the onion house, topped and
sold. The yield was 312 bushels medium sized onions with not
a scullion among them.

CROP OF ONIONS.

Dr.

To Manure, 4 cords, $20.00

Ploughing, harrowing, brushing and digging, 3.00

3 lbs. onion seed, 6.00

Sowing, 1.00

Hoeing 5 times, 2 1-2 days work. 3.75

Weeding 3 times boy labor at 75 cents, 7.00

To Harvesting and topping, at 5 cents per bushel, $15.60

Interest and taxes on land, 6.00

$62.35

Cr.

By 312 bush, onions at 80 cents, $249.60

NoTE-Crop per acre, G24 bushels, at 80 cts. per bushel, $459.20-

Expense per acre, 124.70

Profit per acre, $334.50

Methuen, Aug. 26, 1889.
I hereby certify that I have this day measured a tract of land
for John H. George, on which was a crop of onions entered by
him for premium of the Essex Agricultural Society, and that said
tract contained one half an acre.

Jos. S. Howe.

STATEMENT OF A CROP OF POTATOES, GROWN BY JOHN H. GEORGE
OF METHUEN.

The piece of potatoes which I enter, were grown on new land,
which had never before been ploughed, and had never had manure
applied. The soil is a yellow gravelly loam, facing south-east.
This spring I ploughed the piece with four large horses and the
largest plough I ever saw used. I had three men follow the
plough and take out all the stones, which pretty well covered
the ground. After we were through I contracted with a man to
carry away the stones, for them, big and little, so it cost me noth-
ing to remove them. I then harrowed it well ; furrowed it with
a large plough going twice in a row, and making a furrow about
10 inches deep ; I manured in the hill with a compost of muck,
night soil, wool waste and a little lime, a good shovelful in a hill ;
hills and rows as near three feet apart as I could guess. It was
planted with medium size potatoes, two in a hill. Varieties :

100

Beauty of Hebron and early Essex, planted Apr. 29th. June
29th, dug a bushel of good sized tubers from 20 hills. They
were cultivated 4 times with horse hoe, one day's hard work
with hoe, and that was all until digging time. They were ripe
before the mildew came, so I had but very few rotten ones.
The yield was 148 bushels on the half acre, a fair yield for this
year, of excellent quality, and though I have raised many a
larger one, few, on the whole, have given me greater satisfac-
tion for the labor and mone}' expended.

CROP OF POTATOES.

Br.

To Ploughing, 4 1-2 days, at $1.50, $6.75

Harrowing and furrowing, 1.50

Compost, 3 cords, at $4.00, 12.00

Applying in hill, 3.00

Planting, 3.00

5 bushels potatoes at 50 cents, 2.50

Cultivating 4 times, 3.00

Hoeing, 1 day, 1.50

Digging 4 days. 6.00

Interest and taxes, * 3.00

$42.25

Or.

By 148 bushels potatoes, at 80 cents, $118.40

I sold all I wanted to sell at above price, and could have sold
the whole at the same price.

Note— Rate of 296 bushels potatoes per acre, $236.80

" " expenses per acre, 84.50

$152.30

101

Methuen, Aug. 26, 1889.
I hereby certify that I have this day measured a tract of laud
for John H. George, ou which was a crop of potatoes, entered
by him for premium of the Essex Agricultural Society, and that
said tract contained oue half an acre.

Jos. S. Howe.

STATEMENT OF DANIEL CAELTON, OF NORTH ANDOVEB, ON CABBAGE

CEOP.

To the Committee on Root Crops:

Gentlemen : The half acre of cabbage entered by me, was
grown on land that had been in grass for six years. No fer-
tilizer had been applied while in grass. The soil is a dark shal-
low loam, resting upon a rocky sub-soil, and has natural drain-
age. Twenty loads of green cow manure per acre were spread
upon the sod last spring, and plowed under six inches deep.
The land was then thoroughly harrowed with the Acme harrow.

The rows made 3 1-2 feet apart, and 1-2 ton per acre of Cum-
berland, super-phosphate sown in the drills. The seed was
sown by machine, using 3-4 lbs. of Fottler's Improved Bruns-
wick cabbage seed per acre, sown May 20. Seed was raised by
Warren P, Barker, of Danvers, and came up well, so that there
were no vacant places to fill. The plants were thinned so as to
stand about 18 inches apart in the row. The piece was hoed by
hand twice, and the cultivator used between the rows once a
week until the cabbages were two large for the team to go be-
tween the rows. The half acre contains twenty rows of equal
length, and as I do not wish to dispose of the whole crop at
present price, I have harvested two rows which yielded 29 bbls.
of solid cabbage, trimmed for market, weighing considerable
over 100 lbs. per bbl. These two rows were no more than an
average of the twenty in the half acre. This would give a yield
of 580 bbls. per acre.

102

The cost per acre I make as follows :

Plowing and preparing land, $9.00

Seed and sowing, 3.00

Cultivating and hoeing, 18,00

1-2 ton fertilizer and sowing same, 17.00

Value of manure when spread, 50.00

Total, $97.00

Which makes the cost per bbl. a little less than 17 cents.
I have charged nothing for thinning the plants, as they were
most of them used by myself and neighbors to set again, neither
have I charged interest and taxes on land, as there is probably
fertilizer unused in the land to more than balance those items.
The manure used was made on the farm, and my estimate of the
value of that may be either too high or too low.

Respectfully,

Daniel Carlton,

North Andover.

STATEMENT OF DAVID WARREN, OF SWAMPSCOTT, ON SQUASH CROP.

To the Committee on Moot Crops:

The crop of Bay State squashes, which I enter for premium,
was grown on one half acre of land. The crop of 1887, was
cabbages, manured in the hill at the rate of six or seven cords
to the acre. The crop of 1888 was onions, manure applied by
going over it twice with Kemp's spreader.

The soil is a dark loam with gravelly sub-soil. It was
ploughed in the spring of 1889, about six inches deep, stable
manure applied by going over it once with Kemp's spreader,
then harrowed in with common harrow, and a shovelful of stable
manure to each hill. Planted, 15th of May, in hills eight feet
apart, and four seeds to a hill, cultivated twice and hoed twice.

I would say here that I planted most of my piece with seed

103

taken from quite large squashes, and found I had one quarter
more crop than those taken from small ones.
Cost of crop :

Rent of land, $3.00

Ploughing, 1.50

Manure, 4 cords, 20.00

Furrowing and preparing hill, .75

Planting, .75

Cultivating and hoeing twice, 3.00

Cost of harvesting, 3.00

Seed, 1.00

Cost on eight}' square rods, $33.00

Product on same, 12095 lbs.

Note -Product per aere, 24,190 lbs.,

$220.00

Expenses per acre,

60.00

Profit per acre

$160.00

David Warren.

Swampscott, Sept. 14, 1889.
This certifies that I have this day measured a tract of land,
having on it a crop of squashes, owned by David Warren, of
Swampscott, and entered by him for the Essex Agricultural
Society's premium, and that such tract contained eighty rods of
land. Allen Rowe.

Swampscott, Sept. 30, 1889
From David Warren, 5 loads of squashes, gross 29,120 lbs ;
tare 17,025 lbs ; net 12,095 lbs.

C. S. Lewis, Weigher.

STATEMENT OF CORNELIUS MOYNIHAN, OF NEWBURY.

M}r Ruta Baga turnip crop I offer for premium. The crop of
1887 was corn and corn fodder. It was ploughed up from past-

104

ure. 1888 the crop was potatoes ; used six cords of barn-yard
manure for the two years. Soil is loam. This year I used for
the turnips the same kind of manure, three and one-half cords,
(or at the rate of seven cords per acre.) One-half pound of
seed was used, sown in drills three feet apart ; was cultivated
once ; was weighed in baskets to sixty pounds to the bushel.
The result was 343 bushels of merchantable turnips on the half
acre.

Cost of ploughing and levelling, $3.50

Value of manure, three and one-half cords, 22.75

Value of seed and sowing same, 2.00

Cultivated once, .50

Weeding and thinning, 5.00

Harvesting, 11.00

Whole expense, $44.75

Value of ruta bagas, 343 bushels, at 35 cts.

per bushel, 120.05

Expense, 44.75

Profit of half acre, $75.30

Rate of turnip crop per acre, 686 bushels, $240.10

Rate of cost of crop per acre, 89.50

Profit per acre, $150.60

This is to certify that I, Daniel D. Adams, surveyed the land
for Cornelius Moynihan, where the 343 bushels ruta bagas grew,
and found it to be one-half acre.

Daniel D. Adams.

This is to certify that I measured, in basket, sixty pounds to
the bushel, the half acre of ruta baga turnips of Cornelius
Moynihan ; the result was 343 bushels.

Dennis F. Moynihan.

105

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON STRAWBERRIES AND

OTHER SMALL FRUITS.

The Committee on Strawberries and other small fruits, regret
that they can report but two entries, viz : — Strawberry crop, by
Lewis B. Davis, of Amesbury. Blackberry crop, by Daniel
Stiles, of North Anclover.

We visited the farm of Lewis B. Davis in the latter part of
June, too late to see his earl}' varieties in their prime, but we
were surprised to find so heavy a crop of Sharpless. We think
Mr. Davis raised a larger quantity of those berries on the same
amount of land than was ever grown in this vicinity.

Our own experience with the Sharpless, is, that it is a very
shy bearer. I have tested them by the side of quite a number
of other varieties for nearly ten years and have never had more
than two, what I called, fair crops. This season they were
generally a complete failure.

The land on which Mr. Davis' berries were raised, was a high
gravelly knoll, which in the extraordinary wet, cold season,
may account for his success, he having raised nearly 3200 boxes
per acre. While this is not a very large crop compared with
some which have been grown in former years, the Committee
thought it a good one for the season.

I wish to say just here, a word in favor of that much abused
variety, the Wilson. In 1881 I grew on less than 95 rods, 6068
boxes of these berries. Many claim that the Wilson plants
have been grown so long that that old variety has run out.

My plants were obtained of the originator twenty-eight 3-ears
ago, and the plants I set this Spring were from the original
stock. The vines never looked better than they do this fall,
and the prospect is for a heavy crop next summer, if nothing
unusual befalls them. The old variety is again coming into
favor with the producer, the market man and the consumer, and
take it as a whole, it has not been excelled. The object of the

106

producers of new varieties has been to get one that is equal
to the Wilson in all points and to excel it in quality.

If allowed to get fully ripe before picking it is hard to beat in
quality, it is then sweet, sprightly and good enough for any one.
A week, many times, is not too long between the pickings. I
have sent berries to Boston, which have been left on the vines
that length of time aud they arrived in good order and gave
satisfaction.

I venture to say that more money, ten times over, has been
made producing the Wilson than all other varieties together.

Mr. Emory, of the Committee, visited the farm of Mr. Stiles,
to examine his blackberries.

Mr. Emory says that his crop is certainly entitled to a premi-
um. We therefore recommend that the Trustees award.

$10. First premium, to Lewis B. Davis, Amesbury, for crop
strawberries.

$10. First premium, to Daniel Stiles, No. Andover, for crop
blackberries.

B. F. Huntington, Edward E. Woodman, Frank A. Emory,
Joseph Ilsley — Committee.

STATEMENT OF L. B. DAVIS, AMESBURY, OF STRAWBERRY

CROP.

The forty-one and three one hundredths (41 3-100) rods of
land on which my strawberries were raised this present year ;
was in the spring of 1887 ploughed, and one and one-half cords
of stable manure spread on and harrowed in. Then planted
with potatoes, of which I harvested sixty bushels. In the
spring of 1888 the land was again ploughed six inches deep, and
two cords of fine manure and twenty bushels of ashes spread on
and harrowed in with a common iron tooth harrow. The straw-
berry plants were set in May, in rows four feet apart, and fifteen
inches apart in the rows. The runners were allowed to grow
and fill in the space between the rows. In November the plauts

107

were covered with a good coat of meadow hay, which was
mostly removed in April. The soil is high and gravelly.
The cost of cultivation is as follows :

Preparing ground, setting plants, weeding, etc., $18.00

Pickiug 800 boxes, at 2cts., 16.00

Marketing, 8.00

Manure, estimating at one-half cost, 9.40

$51.00
Amount of crop 800 boxes, at 13 cts., 104.00

Balance in favor of crop, $52.60

Note— With certificate of Surveyor 41 31-100 rods aa a basis, the

crop per acre, was 3099 quarts at 13c „ $402 87

Cost of crop $199.07 per acre, 199.07

Profit per acre, $203.80

Amesbury, Oct. 11, 1889.

This certifies that I have this day surveyed, for Lewis B.
Davis, of this town, a strawberry patch which has been fruited
the past season and find the same to contain 41 31-100 rods of
ground.

Jos. Merrill, Surveyor.

STATEMENT OF DANIEL STILES, OF NORTH ANDOVER, ON BLACKBERRY

CROP.

Seven years ago the land, the bushes stand on, was grass
land* poor at that. I ploughed it up and set out 200 plants
of the Wachusett thornless blackberries on the sod and planted
beans and potatoes on the rest of the piece, using 200 pounds of
Stockbriclges, and no other manure. The next year the same,
bought 200 more plants, and set them out ; used the same
amount of Stockbridge fertilizer. The next year I had plants

108

enough of my own to set and kept on setting each year until
the piece was all set using 200 lbs of Stockbridge every year
and no other manure.

I set my rows 10 feet apart with bushes 3 feet apart.
It takes six plants per rod. Ploughed between the rows every
year, sowing on the Stockbridge, then cultivating in it, then I
run a furrow through the middle of the rows and planted
beans and potatoes. I did not keep any account of my
berries until 1887. I take out all the sprouts between
the rows every year, and sell them at $2.00 a hundred,
selling 800 to 1,000 every 3'ear ; the plants sold paying nearly
the whole expense of the whole season's crop. I use the plough
cultivation and hoe all the same. No barnyard manure is used
at all, only Stockbridge. Picking begins about the 20th of July
and continues until the last of September. I sell my berries at
the door, and the average price is 10 cents per quart box.

crop of 1887.

Dr.

For Ploughing and cultivating, $2.00

200 lbs. Stockbridge fertilizer, 4.00

Pruning and staking. 1.50

Picking 767 boxes berries, 11.47

Total cost $18.97

Or.

By 767 boxes Wauclmsett thornless strawberries,

sold, average 10 cents per box, $76.70

Profit of crop of 1887, $57.73

109

crop of 1888.

Dr.

For Ploughing and cultivating, $2.00

200 lbs. fertilizer, 4.00

Pruning and staking, 1 .50

Picking 735 boxes berries, 11.02

Total expense, $18.52

Cr.
By 735 boxes berries, sold, average 10c. per box, $73.50

Profit of crop of 1888, $55.08

crop of 1889.
Dr.

For Ploughing and cultivating,

$2.00

200 lbs. of Stockbridge fertilizer,

4.00

Pruning and staking,

1.50

Picking 824 boxes,

12.36

Total cost,

$19.86

Cr.

By 824 boxes berries sold at 10c.

per

box,

$82.40

Profits of crop of 1889. $62.54

NotEz-1887, crop rate per acre, 1534 boxes, $153 40

1888, «« " «• 1470 " 147.00

1889, • 1648 •« 164.80

$465 20
1887, expense rate per acre, $37.94

1888, • 37 14

1889, " " " 39.72

8114.80
3 years' profit, §350.40

Or $116.80 yearly besides sale of plants.

110
TREAD WELL FARM REPORT.

The farm is still held by J. Plummer, being the 2d year of his
lease. AVhile the Committee are dissatisfied with his manage-
ment of the farm and are painfully aware that he has forfeited
his lease by non-compliance with its conditions, yet have felt it
for the best interest of the society not to take possession at
present, hoping that he may yet redeem his obligations.

The experiment required of him this year was to carefully
keep an account of the cost of production of two acres of ensi-
lage corn and putting into the silo. The following is his state-
ment of production as he did not put it into the silo, he gives
the average cost of cutting it for several years, as his crop was
small the relative cost per ton is greater than with a larger
crop :

Ploughing two acres, $4.00

Harrowing, 2.00

Planting, 2.00

Applying fertilizer, 2.00

Cultivating, 2.00

800 lbs. guano, 14.00

200 lbs. of Stockbridge fertilizer, 4.00

Seed corn, 1.00

Total cost of production, $31.00

Total crop of 23 1-4 tons ; cost of one ton in the field $1.33 1-2 ;
result of five years' experience of cutting into the silo is from
50 to 75 cts. per ton, making total cost of ensilage $2.00 per
ton.

Planted 15 acres of barley yielding 20 tons ; cut 20 tons
of hay and sold $75 worth of melons, sweet corn, etc.

He has kept 20 cows through the season in the barn, and pro-
poses to apply the manure as top dressing, this fall, on the
grass-fields about the barn and also proposes to winter 40 or 50

Ill

milch cows, by which plenty of manure will be furnished for
next year, and also promises to square up his rent by March
1st. These are the conditions which the Committee are to
consider. The buildings are in good condition.

Respectfully submitted,

Benjamin P. Ware — For Committee.

REPORT ON NEW MEMBERS.

The premium awarded to the person who obtains the largest
number of new members from any town or city in the county,
up to November 1st, is this year awarded to Andrew Dodge, of
Beverly, six dollars for obtaining thirty new members.

The total number of new members to January 1st, 1890, was
sixty-six, including those who by receiving awards of seven
dollars, or upwards, in 1889, became members under the rule
which deducts three dollars from such awards to non-members for
membership, which membership is for life, without assessments,
and entitles the member to a voice and vote in the Society's
business, and a copy of its annual publication of its trans-
actions. The following places furnished the new members :

Amesbury,

Beverly,

Boxford,

Danvers,

Hamilton,

Lawrence,

Lynnfield,

Lynn,

Newbury,

Peabody,

Rockport,

Salem,

Wenham,

Winchester,

Respectfully submitted,

David W. Low, Secretary — Committee.

ESSAYS.

ESSAY ON POULTRY FARMING.

BY M. SUMNER PERKINS, OF DANVERS.

In those times when frequently the markets of the country
for agricultural produce became overstocked through excessive
production, and when certain crops are not worth the expense
of marketing, to say nothing of the cost of raising, (as was the
case with the cabbage and onion crop last year,) it behooves
the farmers of Essex county to make an investigation of rural
industry, whose votaries are less numerous, and whose products
as a natural sequence in point of quantity fall far short of local
consumption.

A careful survey of the field seems to show that nothing in
this line is more neglected than poultry farming. As long as
there are over sixteen millions dozens of eggs imported annual-
ly, there can certainly be no fear of an overproduction. From
whence does all this immense influx of eggs come ? It comes
from France, Germany, Scotland and Ireland, countries, all of
them overrun with population, making land scarce and dear.
Contrast the surroundings of the inhabitants of those nations
with our own.

We have acres upon acres of cheap land highly suited to
poultry raising that can be bought at a merely nominal price,
land, that having been used for poultry a few years, will double,
triple, yea, quadruple in value, and become of great agricultural
worth. Is it not a reproach upon us, living in country possess-
ing every advantage and opportunity for stock-breeding in all
its branches, that we do not produce all the eggs and poultry we
oonsume, to say the very least, but that the poor peasant of the

113

Orient, ground down by heartless nobility and having at his
disposal but a mere fragment of land, factors so mightily in
feeding his more highly favored brethren.

That the farm possesses those natural advantages best fitted
for a beautiful and prolific condition of poultry, is plainly evi-
dent, and yet, how few farmers pay any systematic attention to
this industry. A few forsaken looking, mongrel fowls of mixed
lineage and uncertain breeding, left to shift for themselves and
to depend mainly upon their own exertions for a livelihood,
represent the ne plus ultra of poultry breeding on the average
farm. To be sure there are a few notable exceptions to this
rule, but the number is very insignificant.

There seems to be a tendancy among farmers to regard with
suspicion pure-bred or so called fancy stock in general, and
none more so than fancy poultry, the idea seeming to be preva-
lent that this kind of stock is bred solely to make a handsome
appearance, and that it possesses no practical worth to recom-
mend it. Now this is a great mistake, for, while as in every
thing else, there is great variation in the quality of different
breeds of poultry, yet we have a large variety of distinct breeds
that hold the same position among poultry in general, as does
the Arab among horses, and the Jersey, Guernsey and Holstien.
among neat stock. Indeed it was lamented by some that the
poultry department of the late Fair held at Beverly, comprised
so largely birds entered by the so-called poultry fanciers, rather
than by farmers, it being stated in substance that the fanciers
breed simply for feathers and external beauty, rather than, eggs
and flesh, the true practical qualities. In reality this is but the
expression of the notion that fanciers and farmers possess noth-
ing in common, which is b}r no means the case, nor are fanciers
themselves, as a class, so careless of utility as is generally sup-
posed. For while the breeding of fowls to feather and fancy
points to the sacrifice of everything useful is to be highly con-
demned, and undoubtedly the practice is in vogue to some extent,

114

yet its adherents are greatly in the minority, and of little signifi-
cance, as compared with that vast army of true fanciers with
whom, although careful attention is paid to standard points,
quantity and quality of flesh, size and number of eggs produced,
hold supreme importance.

Thus it happens that among our best breeds we find birds
possessing a harmonious blending of attractive colors and a
symmetrical shape, united with solid utilitarian qualities as
shown by large plump yellow bodies and a surpassing egg rec-
ord.

This is notably the case with those two breeds of strictly
American origin and American production that represent the
consummation of the poultry breeder's skill, the highest combina-
tion yet attained of all those requisites that go to make a per-
fect general purpose fowl. We refer to the Plymouth Rock
and Wyandotte. Who was it that brought that inveterate layer,
the Leghorn, from Italy, the Houdan from France, that model
table-fowl, the Dorking, from England, the Pekin duck from
China, and, in fact, all those improved varieties of fowl, both
gallinaceous and aquatic, that have proved so good material in
the hands of the breeder both for the production of meat and
eggs?

It is the fancier, he it is, who, at first undoubtedly attracted
by gorgeous plumage, uniqueness of appearance, or elegance of
symmetry, speedily gains possession of a pair or so, brings them
to his native country, and ultimately their blood becomes dis-
tributed over a large extent of country to the great improve-
ment of a nation's poultry both in the production of pure-bred
stock and grades. Therefore there is a bond of fellowship be-
tween fancier and poultry farmer. Each is necessary to the
success of the other.

It is the office of the fancier to develope the breeds we now
have, to originate new breeds, and to bring from foreign coun-
tries the best they afford. It is the province of the poultry

115

farmer to make the best use of the varieties at hand, by pro-
ducing the largest number of eggs, and the maximum quantity
of flesh from a given amount of food. These are the relative
positions of fancier and market poulterer. "We are glad to note
the fact that these two persons are often one and the same,
thus constituting the highest type of the true poultry man.

The poultry at our late exhibition was fancy in the sense that
it comprised birds, whose breeding in their present perfection,
was the work of years, and by no means fancy in any sense,
implying a sacrifice of practical requisites ; for excellent speci-
mens of geese and ducks were shown, which are acknowledged
to be the leading flesh and egg producers of the age. Also the
leading varieties of land fowl were well represented. In short,
we would not in the least hesitate to recommend them to farmers
and market poulterers in general, as most profitable for their
own use.

The remainder of this essay will now consist of certain hints
and suggestions concerning the management of poultry, which
have been presented to the writer's notice, during some years of
study and practical observation in this line, and on this account
are deemed especially pertinent.

Nothing is a more natural food for young chicks, and better
calculated to give them a strong hold on life, than hard-boiled
egg fed for the first few days. This may be crumbed finely, and
fed as it is, or moistened with a little warm milk. At first
thought this may be considered a very expensive dish for
chicken feed, but if the eggs for hatching are caudled about the
sixth day of incubation, and those found infertile by this test
removed and reserved for the future use of the coming brood,
the cost will be of no consideration. Stale bread, or old-
fashioned Johnny cake, baked crisply, may soon be substituted
for this. If many chicks are raised, the best plan will be to
buy waste bread from city hotels and restaurants. It can be
procured at 1 1-2 cents per pound. But if only a few chicks

116

are raised, and the breeder lives a considerable distance from
the city, rendering this plan impractible, it will be little trouble,
and pay well, to bake a cake for the chicks. The usual ration
of corn meal dough, which is more or less wet when fed, should
be entirely discarded, as it is productive of bowel disease and
small white worms in the intestines, which cause considerable
mortality in young chicks. We have had experience in this
particular, loosing a large number of fine chickens one season.
On making a change of diet, no further trouble was experienced
nor has been since.

Now as a staple food for growing stock of every description,
nothing excels some form of oats, which for young chicks
should be in the shape of oatmeal, coarsely ground. This, if
boiled into a stiff pudding, cannot be surpassed as a food for
chicks of all ages, and, although expensive, we think it is econ-
omical at least to give a healthy start.

Soon they will be able to pick up a few kernels of wheat, and
a regular evening feed of this grain will make them thrifty.
Cracked corn, oats and buckwheat, may also be added to the
regular bill of fare. A limited quantity of finely chopped meat
scraps, and a plenitude of some good, green, vegetable food is
indispensible at all times. If the chicks appear ailing at any
time, a raw egg well beaten and mixed with their oatmeal, will
form an excellent tonic.

For the breeding and laying hens, as great a variety in feed
as possible, should be sought. A warm mash, composed of
some vegetable, well cooked, and thoroughly incorporated, with
a mixture of ground oats and corn meal, to which has been
added a few handfuls of cottonseed or gluten meal, and ground
beef scraps, with a little salt and pepper, makes the best morn-
ing meal in cold weather. A quantity of this should be given
as soon as the fowls leave the roost in the morning, but not
enough for satiety. Soon after they have eaten this, throw
some wheat or other small grain among the chaff or leaves that

117

are strewn about the flour of every well-ordered hennery. The
exercise necessary to procure this meal is highly conducive to
the health of the fowls.

At night feed whole corn. In warm weather, little or no corn
and more oats or other light food should be fed. A piece of
land should be set apart whose produce is to be strictly devoted
to the use of the poultry. This should be sown to winter rye in
the autumn to get the earliest green food in the spring. Then
clover seed may be sown on the grain or on a separate plat
and this with the refuse vegetables which are always about the
farm, will furnish a continual supply of green food for all kinds
of poultry.

As a stimulus to laying fowls nothing is better than raw meat.

Now a few practical suggestions on the extermination of by
far the greatest bane of poultry — lice. In the first place the
floor of the hen coop should consist of five or six inches of fine-
ly pulverized dust which being constantly stirred by the fowls
in flying about will be held in suspension in the air, and will act
as a valuable aid in keeping these pests in check. Of course
the dust bath must not be forgotten. It must be of sufficient
size and must be frequently renovated. A good receipt is to
add a small quantity of hard wood ashes to a bushel of perfect-
ly dry muck, finely sifted coal ashes, or fine road dust.

Another efficacious remedy is half a bushel of lime, a dozen
pounds of sulphur and a little carbolic acid, the whole to be
thoroughly mixed together. If this be scattered over five hun-
dred square feet of floor surface, the building being kept tightly
closed for two hours, the lice will decidedly lose ground- If
any birds are effected with roup or gapes, let them inhale the
atmosphere for fifteen or twenty minutes. It will benefit them
greatly.

Every week the perches should receive a liberal dressing of
kerosene oil, care being taken that all cracks and nail holes are
given special attention. This operation will be greatly facili-
tated and rendered more efficient, if the roosts are thoroughly

118

planed and fitted loosely into grooves so that they may be easily
removed for cleansing. Sulphur pyrethrum or buhabh and
tobacco dust are all useful powders for the extermination of lice.
They may be dusted among the feathers of the fowls, and also
scattered in the nests. The coops should be thoroughly white-
washed at least twice a year, the oftener the better. The wash
should be applied as hot as possible and quite thin that it may
penetrate every crack and crevice. A small quantity of carbolic
acid should be added to every bucketful applied.

Sometime during the year when farm work is not very press-
ing, the farmer, with the assistance of his boys and hired help,
can put up a very substantial poultry house, at small expense.
There are two prerequisites, absolutely essential to the place
which is to be chosen as a location for a poultry house, namely
a warm southerly exposure and a perfectly dry soil. A slight
elevation, gentry sloping southward, furnishes a very suitable
site, for, by making a small excavation, the building may be set
with the rear partly under ground, which location will break off
the North winds, and save a large amount of warmth. If the
ground is at all wet, it must either be tile drained, or the earth
must be removed to the depth of two feet, then rocks filled in
and covered with gravel. The lumber used in the construction
of the building, need not necessarily be expensive, but must be
strong and durable. The cheapest form would be one roof,
sloping from front to rear, about five feet stud in the rear, and
seven feet in the front, or perhaps a foot more on each would
make it more convenient. If the coop is to be divided on the
inside into a number of divisions, it will be handy to have a pas-
sage two and a half feet wide run along the rear of the building.
Let everything on the inside be as simple as possible, and the
nests and roosts be portable, that they may be often removed
for cleansing.

For inside division, two inch nest wire netting is a much
neater device than laths. It will be well to board up tight to
two and a half feet from the ground to prevent the males from

119

fighting. Let the front be supplied with one window in every
eight linear feet, and each window be supplied with a closely
fitting wooden shutter to be closed on cold nights. Shingles
make a warmer outside covering for the buildings than clap-
boards. Tarred paper or building paper put on under the
shingles will save the heat.

It is surprising how few farmers breed any water fowl.
They all possess plenty of pasture land that yields them little
or no income which if used as grazing land for geese would be-
come one of the most paying portions of the farm and steadily
increase in fertility. Most people have the idea that to keep
water fowl access must be had to a pond of water. This is by
no means necessary as they grow just as well, are just as
thrifty, and fatten much more readily, when not allowed this in-
dulgence. Geese are distinctly grazing birds ; and, if abundant
pasturage is furnished, will be no trouble or expense to any one.
In fact they prefer vegetable food in general to grain. On a
farm where all kinds of crops are raised, there need be no
outlay whatever in rearing goslings to the fattening period,
and then a few bags of corn will go a great way. Goslings
grow like weeds, you can almost see them grow so that, if well
fed, at the age of six or seven months, they are well nigh full
formed. The old goose will lay on an average forty or fifty
eggs during the season. The first clutches may be given to
hens to incubate and the last to the goose herself, unless she is
very large and heavy when it will be better to give this one
also to a hen. The goslings are quite tender for the first week
or ten days but can be raised with good success, if proper at-
tention is paid to their food and shelter. A piece of sod cov-
ered with short tender grass is excellent for them, and all food
in the shape of grain should be cooked. They must have dry
quarters and be kept in in the morning, until the dew is dried
up and be protected from all storms until their permanent
feathers are well grown. With these precautions, the rearing
of goslings is not difficult. There are only two breeds worthy

120

the attention of farmers, the Toulouse and Einbden, the former
are of a gray color and the latter of a spotless snowy white
plumage throughout. A person, choosing either of these two
grand breeds, will not be disappointed. The Toulouse are
larger, less fond of water and less inclined to sit, so perhaps
will give the market poulterer greater satisfaction.

The farm is well adapted to the raising of ducks. They are
great eaters, but they relish all kinds of food, and take on flesh
very rapidly. They make some of the best table fowls we have,
are inveterate laj-ers if kept in small flocks ; beginning to lay
early in February, and continuing every morning regularly for
four or five months, with scarcely an omission. Their eggs are
larger, of a nice flavor, and are excellent in cooking because of
their richness. By all means, let every farmer keep a few
ducks.

There should also be two or three pairs of Guinea fowl on
every farm. They are good layers, and in their proper season,
make excellent poultry for the table. They are monogamous in
habit and mate strictly in pairs. They are as good as a watch
dog to give warning of the approach of a stranger, and exercise
a beneficial influence in fighting hawks when inclined to prey
upon their broods of young chickens.

Where are the the turkeys? Fifty years ago a bunch of tur-
keys was one of the standard market crops of Essex county at
Thanksgiving time ; but, for some reason or other, these grand
and useful birds are now quite uncommon in this vicinity. Of
course "Western breeders, from their happy location in the midst of
boundless prairies replete with all kinds of grain seeds scattered
after the reaper, have the most favorable location for this branch
of poultry industry and as a consequence, furnish the bulk of
supply for Eastern markets. There is however plenty of forage
land on most farms for a flock of twenty or more turkeys to
roam over and pick up the larger portion of their keep. These
birds, well fattened, dressed, and marketed during the holiday
season, will make quite an item in the credit of the farmer's

121

account. No parti cular trouble will be experienced in raising
the turkey poultry if proper care is exercised to maintain those
conditions necessary to the health of all poultry. It has been
aptly said that the greatest enemies of turkey poults are un-
cooked food and morning dew. They must be kept in during
all storms, and not set at liberty until the sun has dried all
moisture from the grass. This with the further precaution of
feeding all food cooked or well scalded, which is the best plan
with all poultry, will give general success. After their long
quill feathers have grow, and they have "shot the red," that is,
grown the fleshy protuberance over the beak, which generally
occurs at the age of a month or six weeks, no further trouble
will be met as this is the most critical period.

In conclusion, it will be proper to call attention to the fact,
that to obtain the highest success in the poultry business, one
must have a natural fondness for fowls, and a happy faculty
of anticipating their needs, in making them comfortable even to
the minutest detail. Speaking for ourselves, we can say that
our interest in the feathered tribe increases as time elapses ;
and, that to us, it is very interesting to observe the great
variety of breeds of domestic poultry in their present state of
perfection. Especially when we consider, it is undoubtedly the
case that man, working with the law of variation, natural to all
animated life, has originated so great diversity from our com-
mon original stock, the wild jurgal fowl of India.

FARMERS INSTITUTES.

The Society held six Institutes during the season of 1888-89,
on as many days forenoon and afternoon, at which the following
subjects were opened by carefully prepared essays, and freely
discussed afterwards, viz :

122

1. "The present condition of underdrained Lands in Essex
County."

2. "Pasture Lands, and the best methods of their Improve-
ment."

3. "Which has been the most profitable Crops to Essex
County Farmers during the past five years?"

4. "Whittier the Poet of the New England Home."

5. "Utilizing the Waste of the Farm."

6. "How can Farmers most profitably spend the Winter
Season."

7. "Co-operative Creameries."

8. "Does the present Dog Law answer the requirements of
the Public of Essex County."

9. "The Parasites of our Domestic Animals."

10. "Insects injurious to our Farm Crops."

11. "The Profits of Farming."

12. "A Trip to Florida."

All of which were reported quite fully in the "Essex County
Mercury," and a copy mailed to each member in the county.

The first Institute of the season, and the 61st one of the So-
ciety, was held at Beverly, Town Hall, Dec. 13, 1888, President
Ware presiding. James J. H. Gregory, of Marblehead, opened
in the forenoon, with the subject of "The Present Condition of
Underdrained Lands in Essex County," who stated that he had
counted twenty six lots of land, which had been underdrained
by himself and neighbors, in Marblehead and Middleton, seven-
teen being his own.

Mr, Gregory, and all the speakers following him (excepting
one,) took the ground that all lands are emphatically improved
by underdraining, that underdrains are better than open drains,
that when properly constructed there is no trouble with them,
and that they pay when not too elaborately built. Mr. Gregory

123

believed in draining the springs only, his first piece of land, he
said, was underdrained about thirty-three years ago, and is in
perfect order to-day.

Speaking of muck in bogs, Mr. Gregory said it was not, as
generally supposed, a wash from the surrounding hills, but a
formation from decomposed water growing plants. These
plants grow, die, and then half decompose, and the accumulat-
ing matter is muck. The deposit is very rapid in some places.

In the general discussion, J. E. Page, of the Pickman (Lor-
ing) farm, Salem, David Warren of Swampscott, John H.
George of Methuen, O. S. Butler of Georgetown, H. G. Herrick
of Lawrence, G. A. Tapley of Revere, Warren Brown of Hamp-
ton Falls, N. H,, Aaron Low of Essex, and James P. King, all
having had more or less experience in underdraining ; their
statement gave a great deal of information as to details.

Mr. Butler took a somewhat different view from other
speakers, stating that he did not believe that it paid in the
northern part of the county. The Topsfield meadows could be
easily drained, but the farmers there think it pays better to cut
the wild hay, worth $11 or $12 per ton, than to drain and cul-
tivate the land. Gravel, put on underdrained land, may im-
prove it, but it all disappears in from three to five years.

The afternoon subject, "The Improvement of Pasture
Lands," was opened by Samuel Hawkes, of Saugus, who con-
sidered one of the best methods of improving pastures is by
keeping sheep in them, which would be profitable also, if it were
not for dogs. The second method is to cultivate and transform
them into fields leaving the bowlders. Another method is to
set out orchards on them, this he would not advise. Henneries
and piggeries have also been valuable in improving such land.
Pasture land is also especially adapted to the cultivation of
small fruits. Last and most important of all, utilize it for cows
which are sure to be benefitted, with improved milk, by having
the run of a pasture, even if the pasture is not improved. If

124

all these fail, the land can be allowed to go back to wood again,
and with some land this is the best.

Mr. Gregory believed that it would be best to let much of the
pasture land go back into woods. Like the Topsfield meadows,
on the Ipswich river, they are best in their natural state ; differ-
ent lauds are adapted to different trees. In some pastures

apple trees grow well, and where they do it is well to let them
grow.

James P. King, of Peabody, had met with success in re-
claiming pasture land, and believed that there were hundreds of
acres of pasture land, that if reclaimed and cultivated for three
years, would yield better crops of onions than any other land in
the county, except the underdrained lands spoken of in the
forenoon.

Frank Marsh, of Peabody, did not believe it paid to touch
pasture lands, excepting in special cases. The farmer depend-
ing on getting his living from the soil, will do better to devote
his attention to other land.

G-. A. Tapley, would put into wood, as fast as possible, all
land that isn't fit to cultivate.

Warren Brown said that a good way to improve a pasture,
was to put in more stock than it would feed, and to feed outside,
thus improving the land, and killing out the bushes. He be-
lieved that pastures should be improved as well as other lands
and buildings. If we wait for wood to grow, we shall have to
wait sixty years for timber, and forty for wood.

C. J. Peabody, of Topsfield, has cleared 27 acres, cutting the
bushes in early winter, and burning them. The second year,
finishing the work, adding 40 per cent, to its value in three
years, so that it paid for itself. A neighbor had 8 acres covered
with alder bushes. The large wood he gave away for the cut-
ting, and then cut and burnt the rest of it. He had mowed off
the bushes twice a year, in winter, and in August for four years,
and now the pasture was as good as any he knew of. Another
neighbor had improved a pasture by turning in more cows than

125

the place would feed, increasing their grain and scattering their
droppings. A rock}' pasture is hard to mow, and practically it
does not pay.

The 62nd Institute was held at Topsfield Town Hall, Dec.
28th, 1888, to discuss "Which have been the most profitable
Crops for Essex County Farmers during the past five years?"
opened by Aaron Low, of Essex, who referred to the subject
as one difficult to discuss in a general way, owing to the differ-
ences in the location of the farms in regard to markets and
places for procuring fertilizers, and found the question a hard
one to answer in his own experience, much more so in regard to
the whole county. He then gave points in favor of cabbages,
potatoes, onions, sweet corn, squashes and tomatoes as leading
vegetables for profit. He believed in double crops for profit.
He closed with the following statement of crops awarded pre-
miums by the society :

Daniel Carlton in 1883, realized $128.15 profit from a half
acre of cabbages, in 1884, $176.50 from a half acre, and in 1885
$243.82 from an acre. In 1887, (a very bad year,) Charles W.
Mann, of Methuen, realized $67.33 profit from a half acre.

An onion crop in 1883, by H. F. Longfellow, yielded a profit
at the rate of $526.70 per acre ; in 1884, J. H. George, $510.02 ;
in 1885, David Warren, $778. In 1886, Asa T. Newhall,
$913.62 ; in 1887, J. H. George, $577.22.

A potato crop, by John H. George, in 1885, yielded a profit
at the rate of $154.26 per acre, and in 1886, $120.88. Richard
F. Dodge, in 1887, $226.

Squashes — Asa T. Newhall, in 1886, $151.21 profit, from an
acre as a second crop, following early potatoes ; 1887, David
Warren, $194.62 profit from an acre.

In answer to a direct question by President Ware, Mr. Low
said he would, generally speaking, consider the cabbage crop as
most profitable with onions second place, though in some locali-

126

ties sweet corn might head the list. Potatoes are important, but
not grown to much profit.

The general sentiment, as shown by the discussion which fol-
lowed, entered into by some fifteen, or more speakers, was that
the cabbage crop had led all others for reliable profit, while
forage crops for milk production, were considered by some the
most profitable.

In the Afternoon, the essay on "Whittier, the Poet of the New
England Home," was a finished production by M. Walsh Bart-
lett, a West Newbury farmer, showing himself thoroughly ac-
quainted with his subject, giving numerous quotations from the
poet's writings, illustrative of his inspiration and characteristics.
Only the leading points of the essay, as reported, are given here.

President Ware, in introducing the essayist, spoke of the spe-
cial inspiration found in agriculture for poetic thoughts, and
said that Whittier was to the farmers of New England, what
Burns was to Scotland.

Mr. Bartlett began by saying that heretofore all the subjects
discussed by these institutes had reference to dollars and cents.
This is a refreshing departure. He spoke of Whittier, a little
more than fifty years ago, at the age of 28, tilling the soil of
his father's across the Merrimac. Some time since the poet ex-
pressed himself to the speaker as "glad to be remembered by
the Essex County farmers, for I was one of them until near 30
years of age." The question was asked when this subject was
proposed :

"Do any of our farmers care for poetry?" If they are so in-
tent upon the acquiring of property that they cannot see the
beauty and poetry in nature about them, then there is something
wrong in our New England farm life and it is time to call a halt.
But such is not the case.

To posterity must be assigned the task of fixing Whittier's
place among the English poets. His style has not the range of
the great masters ; — there is but one Shakespeare and one Mil-

127

ton. Whittier has a very modest estimate of his own powers,
and does not claim even equality with the early English poets.
He has been termed with some justice the Burns of New Eng-
land— both poets having the flavor of the soil that gave themi
birth.

Whittier's inspiration is always sanctified and ennobled by a
love for universal humanity, by a high ideal of the domestic vir-
tues, reverence for the home circle, and a desire for the develop-
ment of man's better nature. No one puts so much of himself
into his poetry. Indeed the poetry is simply the outgrowth of.
the man.

Whittier's peculiarly local poetry of Essex County and its
traditions was dwelt upon. In the pro and anti-slavery days
for twenty-five years before the war, when the feeling against
abolitionists was intense, Whittier joined the cause and became
ostracized from polite society — nor did he ever regret it or
swerve from his course. The meek Quaker of earlier days
gave place to the fiery souled reformer, although his anti-slave
lyrics were not altogether to his taste. Long years after the
struggle he wrote : "I see a higher value on my name as ap-
pended to the anti-slavery declaration of 1833 than on the title
page of any book."

Most poets are famous for their loves, and Whittier seems to
have been no stranger to the tender passion —

"Because," — the brown eyes lower fell, —
"Because, you know, I love you.."

Is it to be supposed he did not reciprocate the sentiment?
especially as he can say two score years later —

"Dear girl I The grass above her grave

Has forty years been growing,
Yet memory to a gray haired man

That sweet child face is showing."

In closing a poem in response to Mary for a present of a
basket of Mayflowers, be humorously says —

128

And maidens in the far off twilights,
Singing my words to breeze and stream,

Shall wonder if the old time Mary
Were real or the rhymer's dream.

"Whittier is eminently a religious man, and his religion crops
out iu all his verse. Not that he is in any sense evangelical,
or even a believer in any creed, but in the sense that Socrates,
Buddha and Confucius were religious. His early Quaker pre-
cepts have never forsaken him, though in after life.

"The Quaker garb hung loose —

A compromise betwixt good fellow and recluse."

"Born at a time when certain dogmas in regard to future
punishment were almost universally believed and preached, and
having lived through a remarkable transition state, until those
same dogmas are quite as universally discarded, having a keen
common sense that looked quite through the gist of things, an
extensive acquaintance with men of all phases of religious faith
— and no faith, a reading that brought a pretty thorough
knowledge of the religious systems of the ancients, including
those of the orientals, we find in his poems what might at first
seem very inconsistent — about equally strong declarations of
the agnostic and devout Christian ; for outspoken, strong and
vigorous as he is in his agnosticism, and scarce anything in the
English language can be stronger, he has always connected with
it some saving grace in the shape of a sweet and tender trust
in immortality. His want of knowledge is always supplemented
by a faith in God as a loving Father, a JO}tous optimism that
embraces the world."

Mr. Bartlett closed his essay with reference to Whittier's pa-
triotism and his Ideal of the New England Farmers' Home,
and expressed the wish that the poet may yet live many years
to enjoy his honors, and the sentiment that "long will Essex
County be proud of her most widely known and best loved son,
John G. AVhittier."

129

Readings from Whittier's works were given by Mrs. Joseph
Silliman, who read "The Peace Anthem;" Miss Carrie H.
Averhill, who read "Lines written for the Exhibition of Ames-
bury, Sept. 28, 1850 ;" Miss Annie C. Dwinell, "The Husking ;"
Secretary D. TV. Low, "A Lay of the Olden Time," written for
the society's dinner at Newburyport, Oct. 27, 1856.

Several speakers followed. J. J. H. Gregory spoke of Whit-
tier as a man of heart, a heart of feeling. The heart is the
divine standard and the head is not so important. Whittier had
made mistakes about "Flud Oirson" of Marbleheacl, but when
he found he was wrong he acknowledged his error. He had
also confused the Pilgrims and Puritans. The speaker did not
agree with the essayist in comparing Whittier's religion with
the religions of Socrates and Confucius ; — the}* were intellectual
men, high philosophers, while Whittier's strength was in his
moral nature. He reverenced Whittier's magnificent simplicity ;
the poet is not sectarian, but a friend of all creeds. The poet
has not been ambitious or smart — heaven be praised ! The
common meaning of those qualities is an intensity of sel-
fishness.

O. S. Butler, of Georgetown, related an army incident of one
of Whittier's poems, — "Massachusetts to Virginia" — which the
speaker read to a group of maimed soldiers one night during the
war, the soldiers giving three cheers for "the poet of the Mer-
rimac" at the close. Mr. Butler also offered a motion embody-
ing the message to Whittier, which follows.

Andrew Nicholas, Jr., and Mr. E. E. Woodman of^Danvers,
both spoke of personal visits to the poet's home, the former
touching upon his simplicity of manner, and the latter upon his
interest in farming and other every day topics.

Humphrey Balch, of Topsfield, eulogized Whittier and his
works, particularly his sincerity of action.

James P. King, of Peabody, referred to the part Whittier had
taken in the anti-slavery struggle before the war. He also

130

spoke of his particular regard for Whittier, because he had
been a farmer.

J. Q. A. Evans, of Salisbury, also spoke ofWhittier's interest
in agriculture, and mentioned the fact that he was once corres-
ponding secretary of the Amesbury and Salisbury Agricultural
Association. He also spoke of the poet's earnestness of pur-
pose.

C. J. Peabody, of Topsfield, related one or two instances
illustrating the familiarity of the children of that town with the
poet's works. And Mr. Kimball, of Bradford, took occasion
to announce that Whittier's birthplace was in Haverhill, and not
in Amesbury, as seemed to be the common impression.

The following message to the Poet was unanimously adopted :

J. G. Whittier —

Dear Friend: The farmers of Essex County send greeting,
their most hearty congratulation upon the health of body and
mental vigor with which you have reached and passed your
eighty-first birthday.

We also congratulate you that in the good providence of our
Heavenly Father you have been preserved to see the time when
your poems are read and prized by every nation on the globe ;
and we your neighbors and friends, rejoice with you, as we con-
template the marvellous power of your words upon all classes of
our fellowmen, both in peace and war, and we beg to assure you
that in no places are your poems read with more interest and
pleasure, or your works of tenderest love cherished with a
purer admiration, than in the homes of the farmers of your
native county of Essex.

They also express the hope that your life ma}7 long be pre-
served to shed its hallowed influence upon the world.

The above message to the Poet, elicited the following reply :

Oak Knoll, Dan vers,
12mo. 30, 1888. .
David W. Low, Esq., Secretary Essex County Agricultural
Society :

Dear Friend: Thy letter conveying the congratulations and
kind wishes of the Essex County Agricultural Society, at its
meeting on the 28th inst., I have received with no common sat-
isfaction. No birthday has ever given me more pleasure. My
ancestors since 1640, have been farmers in Essex County. I
was early initiated into the mysteries of farming as it was prac-
ticed seventy years ago ; and worked faithfully on the old

131

Haverhill homestead until at the age of thirty years, I was com-
pelled to leave it, greatly to my regret.

Ever since, if I have envied anybody, it has been the hale,
strong, farmer, who could till his own acres, and if he needed
help could afford to hire it, because he was able to lead the
work himself. I have lived to see a great and favorable change
in the farming population of Essex County. The curse of in-
temperance is now almost unknown among them ; the rum-seller
has no mortgage on their lands. As a rule they are intelligent,
well-informed, and healthily interested in public affairs, self
respectful and respected, independent landholders fully entitled,
if any class is, to the name of gentlemen.

It may be said that they are not millionaires and that their
annual gains are small. But on the other hand the farmer rests
secure, while other occupations and professions are in constant
fear of disaster. His dealing directly and honestly with the
Almighty is safer than speculation; his life is no game of
chauce, and his investments in the earth are better than in stock
companies and syndicates.

As to profits, if our farmers could care less for the comforts
of themselves and their families, if they could consent to live as
their ancestors once lived, and as the pioneers in new countries
now live, they could with their present facilities, no doubt
double their income. But what a pitiful gain this would be at
the expense of the decencies and refinements which make life
worth living. No better proof of real gain can be found than
the creation of pleasant homes for the comfort of age and the
happiness of youth. When the great English critic, Mathew
Arnold, was in the country on returning from a visit in Essex
Count}', he remarked that, while the land looked to him rough
and unproductive, the landlord's houses seemed neat and often
elegant, with an air of prosperity about them. "But where," he
asked, "do the tenants, the working people live?" He seemed
surprised when I told him that the tenants were the landlords,
and the workers the owners.

Let me return my sincere thanks to the Essex Agricultural
Society for the kind message conveyed in thy letter, and with
the best wishes for its continued prosperity and usefulness, I
am truly thy friend,

John G. "Whittier.

The 63rd Institute was held at Peabody Institute, Danvers,
Jan. 11, 1889, Hon. J. J. H. Gregory, of Marblehead, being the
speaker, on the subject of "Utilizing the Waste of the Farm,"
which he defined as "a loss occasioned from a lack of compre-
hensiveness in our planning," and a leak as "the imperfect
carrying out of plans." Of innumerable farm wastes, he con-

132

fined himself to one particular branch, ''the utilizing of unmar-
ketable products." He cited instances where manufacturing
and mining enterprises had been unsuccessful, newer ones had
made a success by utilizing what in the old had been waste
material. He advised never to burn weeds, if it can be helped,
as the nitrogen, a very important plant food, is lost in the air,
they should be allowed to rot, thus saving it, or taken to the
pasture for cows to feed upon. In regard to the waste portions
of vegetables as food for stock, he gave from experimental
tables their relative nutrient value. Potato tops, free from
poison, are of as much value as ensilage corn, green rye or man-
gold wurtzel, or 13 cents per cwt. Carrot tops are equal in
value weight for weight with the carrots, or 18 cents per cwt.,
but must be fed quicker. Cabbage for forage is worth 17 cents,
corn tops 16 cents, ruta bagas 15 cents, beet tops 10 cents,
(when undersized, it would hardly pay to top them, the speaker
thought,) squashes without seed, 10 cents, and giant carrots,
which grow just above ground with heavy tops, 16 cents, buck-
wheat straw 47 cents, corn husks 45 cents, and dry corn stalks
43 cents, sugar beets 19 cents, apples 13 cents.

The nutrient value of apple pomace is 24 cents per cwt.,
double that of apples, and nearly equal to fresh cut clover. It
does not freeze badly.

C. S. Emerton, of West Peabody, put apple pomace into his
silo, trod it down, without weighting it, fed from the top, small
quantity at first, gradually increasing, the same as with apples
or grain. He fed 12 bushels to 30 head of cattle, if he stops
this feed the flow of milk immediately lessens. If a cow gets
her fill of it at first feeding it dries her up.

Mr. Gregory added that in some parts of the couutry it has a
real market value like meal, and often shipped many miles by
railroad. New England farmers are behind the times on this.
Pea straw is worth 44 cents, and cattle eat it heartily, when cut
green and fed is worth 19 cents. Clover is used in a wasteful
way, as it is exceedingly rich iu albumenoids, and so not much

133

grain is needed with it, with orchard grass and timothy they make
a "complete ration," that is — a food supply containing all the
elements necessary for it. Wonderful results in increasing the
fertility of the soil is obtained by ploughing in clover, a good
first crop cut, and the second turned under. Clover in blossom
is worth 25 cents, and in hay 77 cents. Rye hay cut on the
edge of blossoming has 72 cents value, and rye in silo 14 cents.

A mixed feed of one third bean meal, and two thirds corn
meal was recommended by the speaker. Corn meal is fatten-
ing, but lacks the albumeuoid or muscle-making qualities.
Middlings are rich in phosphates. The waste of the onion crop
he had boiled and fed to his hens, with no objectionable flavor
to the eggs. Pumpkins are lowest in the list, only 8 cents per
cwt.

Aftermath is often lost sight of. He had land from which he
cut three tons of hay, and then turned in his cattle to feed
there, without apparent injury. Such land must be well fed,
aud he put on six cords of rock-weed to the acre.

Exceptions were taken by C. S. Emerton and Frank Marsh,
of Peabody, to the practice of turning in cattle on mowing Jland,
contending that it injured it.

President Ware endorsed it, and said it was generally prac-
ticed in Marblehead. He believed that sugar weed, (known as
wild beet in Plymouth County), was a valuable forage crop,
and knew of nothing yielding a better green crop. In a discus-
sion, whether Hungarian injures land for other crops, the im-
pression was, that it did.

In response to questions, Mr. Gregory gave more relative
values, barn grass 65 cents per cwt., witch grass 71 cents,
timothy ha}- 62 cents, clover 77 cents, and best meadow hay 62
cents. Linseed meal ranks a little less than cotten seed meal.

Some half dozen speakers followed, and brought out these
points. That second crop clover makes superior ensilage cut
rather past blossoming, and put in the silo whole, (some wet
and some dry), with cut corn on top. Hungarian and ensilage

134

make a perfect food. Pomace is one of the greatest wastes.
The value is not in the seed, as there is only about a gill of
seed to the bushel. Gluten meal is considered more valuable
than cotten seed meal, for feeding, giving greater flow of milk,
though the latter showed greater value by chemical anatysis.
Some cannot make it go so far, and prefer the latter. Have
barn cellars cemented and save the liquid manure. Vegetables
fed just after milking, gives no bad taste to milk. Land on
which rye had been raised for a hundred years was manured by
turning in a heavy crop of clover, paying better than if put into
silo.

The Afternoon subject for discussion, ''How can Farmers
most profitably spend the winter season," with J. Q. A. Evans,
of Salisbury, as speaker, who said that the ordinary farm chores
demand a large portion of day-light. He considered a work-
shop large enough to admit an ox-cart, with a supply of carpen-
ter's tools, a necessity on every farm for repairs. If there is
snow on the ground, much can be done on the land, carting on
manure, hauling off rocks, etc.

The farmer needs a liberal education — chemistry, geology,
botany, laws of mechanics, and physiology — are especially desir-
able. So also is a knowledge of book-keeping and accounts.
Every farmer should take an inventory of his possessions — land
and buildings, stock, tools and produce — the first of every Janu-
ary deduct his bills payable, and see what he is worth. He
should also carry a memorandum book in his pocket. The speaker
recommended the selecting of agricultural papers of advanced
ideas, one for general news, one for local news, one for temper-
perance and morality, and also a household magazine for the
women. Several books on agriculture were recommended, as
also an occasional novel.

The winter season affords opportunities to visit the schools,
and see how the children are faring. Farmers are apt to keep
in a rut, which is avoided by cultivating the social spirit, with
visits to neighbors and friends, attending agricultural meetings

135

and Institutes, and taking part in them. The Farmer should also
remember that his first duty is to his country, not by his ballot
alone, but also in studying and acting with the great moral re-
forms. The great danger of the country is that of indifference.

In response to questions afterwards, Mr. Evans gave his
ideas concerning the Grange, which he considered a primary or
intermediate school, while the farmers' institutes were the high
schools.

Some ten or more speakers took part in the discussion that
followed, touching on these points, among others. Farmers all
keep horses and should not forget that the women and children
enjoy riding. It is of the utmost importance that the home and
the work of the farm should be made attractive to the children,
as the hope of the country is in their good home training in
country homes.

Most of the criminals are young men, under 30, nearly all of
whom never had any trade or steady occupation of any kind —
intemperance was largely the cause, but we should go back of
the individual for the primary cause — to the home.

The importance of studying crops — those that pay and those
that do not — and governing the planting accordingly, having a
plan of his farm, and mapping out just what crops he should
raise on each piece. The overhauling of the farm machinery
and tools, and putting them in order. Picking up the waste
about the barn and vegetable cellar and feed it to the stock to
the best advantage. A farmer's boy said he respected that
calling above all others, but what sickened him of it was, that it
was all work and no play.

The advantages of education should be highly appreciated.
The moral side of the home life was spoken of, that many have
a house but no home. There were more books now to keep the
boys at home than when the older ones were young. Boys
should be brought up to be industrious. Much good resulted in
visiting others in the same line of business with ourselves. It
is an advantage to keep a ledger account with each crop, and

136

thus tell which crop it was best to discontinue. The idea
of boys making collections aud preparing for exhibition at the
annual fair, specimens of native woods, was encouraged.

The 64th Institute was held at Memorial Hall, Methuen,
Feb. 1st, 1889. The subject of the forenoon was "Co-opera-
tive Creameries," opened by James Cheesman of Boston, Secre-
tary of New England Creameries Association, who said that no
other article raised from the farm makes so little demand on soil
fertility as good butter. The better the butter the greater its
value and of its by-products — skimmilk and buttermilk. The de-
mand for butter, cheese and milk is increasing. The taste for
butter and other dairy products has been cultivated by those who
formerly consumed much meat. This change has been made
by cultivation of the arts of life the world over, by the special
work of the dairy colleges and institutes and in this country
mostly by leaders in agricultural reform and people in suburban
residences who kept family cows. There is no limit to the de-
mand for good butter and no danger of overloading the market
with high class goods.

Continuing, the speaker said grass is and al\va3'S has been the
basis of all economic husbandly, meaning b}T grass all plants
above ground which are cut in green state for dry fodder or
ensilage. Comparative statements were given of the production
and value of milk and meat.

In all English speaking countries it requires at least four
pounds of milk per capita to supply the milk, cream, butter and
cheese, equal to about six ounces of dry matter whereas,
estimating one pound of meat per capita as the average we have
only four ounces of dry matter. Milk costs less to produce
than meat of any kind. Rarely can five hundred pounds of
beef be made from a single acre. Good dairy practice has
raised twelve to fifteen times as many pounds of milk. Re-
duced to dry solid matter we can [raise seven or eight times as
much milk solids as of dry meat solids. Ensilage should be re-
garded as an auxiliary crop aud only a partial substitute for hay,

137

clover and roots, while roots have from twelve to fifteen per
cent of dry matter, corn if allowed to stand till the kernels
begin to glaze, holds from twenty-four to thirty per cent, of dry
matter. This is tbe time to cut to secure the greatest amount
of nutritive matter. The speaker recommended variety in
feed to secure the best results iu animal digestion.

In speaking of the advantages for dairying in New England
over the West he mentioned the fact that much Eastern capital
had been diverted into "Western farm mortgages of doubtful
and uncertain stability at high rates of interest and questioned
if it could not be better invested in New England in stock,
buildings and creameries. The effects of dairy influence on
land values were given, and stated that it was not however the
value of land that makes a dairy a success in one part of the
country over another, but rather the capacity of the individual
cow and the making of cream cheap from an economical cow,
those on the plain every clay farm which make from 250 to 300
pounds of butter a year. In Vermont alone there are over
thirty farm herds yieldiug yearly butter averages exceeding 300
pounds per cow.

Iu reference to the general cost of production of butter and
economy of management the relative value of cows must be
continually borne in mind. The Turner Centre creamery in
Maine was cited as the most conspicuous example of good man-
agement in a New England creamery. Last year 1,024 cows
furnished cream to the factory ; and the aggregate sale of but-
ter, a little cream, buttermilk and a few sundries amounted to
nearly $55,000. The total amount of butter made was 208,000
lbs., showing an average of nearly 200 lbs. per cow. The run-
ning expenses did not exceed S3. GO per hundred pounds of but-
ter, and included G per cent, interest on a capital of $2,475 ;
the cost of manufacture (including packages and marketing)
and the expenditure of $1,290 on the capital amount, being the
most economically managed creamery east of Cincinnati.

In the lower Connecticut Valley, south of Vermont, the

138

creameries pay the farmer from 22 to 28 cents per pound for
the butter contained in the cream. These prices being very
much higher than Western farmers realize, being largely due to
superiority of the cattle, liberal feeding, and co-operative or-
ganization of patrons. Four or five hundred cows are generally
the most economical number for a creamery. For a creamery,
the most modern, best arranged and substantial prove the most
economical in the end. Generally speaking, one pound of butter
is obtained from 16 1-2 or 17 pounds, or 8 quarts of milk.

Several speakers followed. Statement was made that cream-
ery butter is produced for 5 1-2 cents per pound, while in pri-
vate dairies it is more apt to be from 6 to 10 cents, creamery
butter selling 5 to 6 cents a pound higher. Only about 7 per
cent, of country butter is made in creameries. Instance was
cited where a marked increase in yield of butter was caused by
changing the feed of the cow from Indian meal to cotton seed
meal. Late returns showed that on an average, creameries
paid 2 3-4 cents per quart for milk, leaving the skim milk for
the producer.

In answer to a question whether he would advise the estab-
lishment of a creamery in Methuen,Mr. Cheesmanwas non-com-
mittal, and said it depended upon the amount of surplus milk,
the prices obtained, etc.

Just before adjourning, C. W. Mann, of Methuen, offered
the following resolution, which was adopted :

Resolved: That we favor the enactment of a law that shall
prohibit the manufacture and sale of oleomargarine, butterine,
or other imitations of butter, in which coloring matter is intro-
duced so as to make the same resemble yellow butter or cheese
produced from pure unadulterated milk, or cream from the same.

Resolved: That a copj' of this resolution be forwarded to the
Legislature now in session at Boston.

The Afternoon subject was the inquiry : "Does the present
Dog Law answer the requirements of the Public of Essex
County?" and was opened by Charles C. Blunt of Andover, with
the answer that it did not as the law was all on the dog's side.

139

The speaker said he loved a good dog, kept one, and always in-
tended to, and questioned that man's devotion to wife and chil-
dren who hates a good dog.

In all ages, at all times, and among all people, the dog has
been regarded as a beast of burden, a servant, a companion, a
friend, and one of the most useful of animals — but keep them
where they belong, at home. With the degree of intelli-
gence that a dog possesses, there is no reason why he should
not be educated to stay at home. Here in Essex County hun-
dreds of acres of land might be improved by sheep husbandry,
an important industry almost entirely broken up and destroyed
b}7 dogs. Dogs should not be allowed to roam about any more
than horses, or cattle, or swine. They not only kill sheep, but
they bite and worry horses, cattle, swine and poultry; besides
this, they ramble over fields and gardens, breaking down and
destroying valuable crops, or taking an extra run the whole
length of a lot of hot beds, breaking glass and destroying cab-
bage, tomato and other valuable plants. The frightening of
women and children, and barking at and frightening horses at-
tached to carriages are favorite tricks of his, not to mention the
dangers of mad dogs and the horrors of hydrophobia.

The present law is evaded more or less, and should be more
stringent, license cost should be increased, and a person should
have the privilege of killing any dog at sight found on his prem-
ises, unattended by a keeper, after the 10th of May. Mention
was made of the nuisance of men from town and city, with dogs
roaming over fields, tumbling down stone walls, or breaking
down fences, killing birds that should be allowed to live, or
game that the farmer wants himself. The law should include
the payment for injury by dogs to a man or his family when
bitten, as it does on his domestic animals.

The speaker closed with these statistics of dog damages in

Essex County during the past year :

158 sheep and lambs killed or injured, $ 489.83

18 heifers and calves killed or injured, 417.00

1 mare with twin foals killed, 1200.00

140

7 hogs and pigs killed, $ 32.00

2 guinea pigs killed, 2.00

1 goat killed, 5.00

1746 fowls, (hens, turkeys, ducks and geese) killed, 1641.30

Cost of appraising all, 428.40

$4,215.53

Number of dogs licensed, 12,701

Number of dogs killed, 951

Total accounted for, 13,652

For every 10 dogs licensed there is 1 female.

Amount received for licenses, $25,826.80

Amount paid for damages, 4,215.53

Amount returned to town and cities, $21,611.27

In the general discussion the general tenor of the remarks
sympathized with the opening, although exceptions were taken
by Mr. Gregory and others, to the killing at sight, unless the
dog was attacking domestic animals. Many instances were
told, showing the faithfulness of dogs, no law could be expected
to kill them out, but one can be looked for to restrain them.

Mr. Gregoiy thought that the danger from hydrophobia is far
less than that of being struck by lightning. Mr. King thought
that 100 persons were saved by dogs where one died of hydro-
phobia. Mr. Ware believed that for every fowl or animal
killed, for which damage was recovered, there were five more
killed that were not paid for, he also spoke of the damage done
by hunting dogs in tracking little birds through onion beds and
other growing crops ; such dogs are not needed in Essex County
where there is so little game. Rev. Mr. McGregor, of Methuen,
spoke of the value of the shepherd dogs of Scotland, and their
intelligence, and his knowledge of dogs in Newfoundland, where
they are almost indispensable as beasts of burden, and of the
mongrel and unowned dogs of Damascus, seen by him, which
act as scavengers in precincts of their own appointment, and
woe betide the dog which trespasses beyond its own territory.
The speaker believed the fault to be in the training of the dogs
rather than with the animals themselves.

141

The following resolutions were offered by President "Ware,
and adopted with but one or two dissenting votes:

Resolved: That it is the sense of this meeting that the pres-
ent "Dog Law" does not meet the requirements of the public
of Essex Count}'.

Therefore, Resolved: That the Essex Agricultural Society,
in public meeting assembled, respectfully petitions the Legisla-
ture now in session, to amend the present Dog Law so that all
dogs shall be restrained from going at large, except in charge of
the owner, and be kept upon their owner's premises as other
domestic animals are required to be.

Mr. Ware was appointed a committee of one to appear before
the Legislative Committee on Agriculture upon the foregoing
resolutions.

The 65th Institute was held at the Town Hall, Bradford,
Feb. 13, 1889, on the subject of "The Parisites of our Domestic
Animals," by Prof. C. A. Fernald, of Mass. Agricultural Col-
lege, Amherst, who gave a very interesting and instructive illus-
trated lecture on disagreeable subjects, and one that cannot be
reported here with any benefit, it should be listened to to be ap-
preciated. He described the life of pork and beef tape worms,
and advised the avoidance of all rare meat, and urged eating
meat well cooked, pin worms, round worms, hair snakes, trichina,
and a tape worm found in sheep and clogs, closing with allu-
sion to the cause of gapes in fowls by a queer shaped worm of
three parts, similar to a caulker's mallet, it being a long tube
with two shorter tubes at the top. These worms clogs the
windpipe of the fowl, causing suffocation. There is a male and
a female. The eggs escape upon the ground disintegrate, and
are retaken into the system by its lodging upon their food. The
eggs hatch quickly in water. Kobbold has a remedy for this.
He takes a quill, tears off one side, then taking the chicken,
puts the quill thus prepared down its throat. By turning the
quill round, and withdrawing it, quite a large number of these
worms can be taken out. The danger in using this remedy is
that large masses of worms may be detached and fall down

142

upon the bronchi, and cause more serious trouble. The French
discovered that garlic would aid the fowl to disgorge the eggs.

About twenty persons entered into the discussion that fol-
lowed, in which the Professor took part, and answered ques-
tions. In reply to one, he said that pin worms found in horses
breed near the outer passage of the rectum, while in the indi-
vidual the}- must have a breeding stage outside. The inquirer
had found a good remedy in sweet or lard oil applied to the
rectum. Mr. "Ware had mixed over a quart of oil, with a horse's
provender, and found it very effective. Mr. Holt, of Andover,
had given arsenic about the size of a three ceut piece, to his
horse, to eradicate pin worms. The horse was stiff afterwards,
but recovered. Dr. Cogswell, of Bradford, said that he had
given a horse five grains of arsenic at morning, and five at
night, without hurting him a particle. It would often benefit
the system. A great many remedies were found out by acci-
dent. Indian meal would stiffen a horse up more than arsenic.
The best thing to destroy lice and ticks, said "Warren Brown, of
Hampton Falls, was carbolic acid — one pound of carbolic crys-
tals to ten pounds of common bar soap boiled down, the com-
mon carbolic soap sold in the stores not being strong enough,
and said that thymo-cresol was another good remedy.

Professor Fernald said that sulphuret of potassium, from two
to four ounces to a gallon of water, two for tender skin, and
four for tough hide, would be found perfectly safe. He urged
special caution, that no mistake be made as to kind. Sulphuret
is of a dark bottle green in color, is perfectly harmless, but
cyanide of pottassium is white and a deadly poison.

Afternoon Meeting. Professor Fernald addressed on "In-
sects injurious to our Farm Crops," mentioning first the eye
spotted bud moth, which appears on the apple-trees when the
buds are swelling. Its larva eats into the bud, causing the
twig to shoot out laterally, and then another moth comes along,
eats into the new bud, and causes a shoot in another direction,
thus giving to the tree a scraggly appearanee. He had found

143

one moth hud literally destroyed half his crop of apples. Paris
green or London purple was the best poison to kill them with.

lie next spoke of the codling moth or common apple worm.
The best way to destroy them was by showering the trees with
Paris green or London purple. This must not be done after
llif apple turns down on the stem, for then the poison will col-
lect in the hollow round the stem, and may impregnate the fruit.
He said he used one pound of Paris green to 125 gallons of
water. The cattle should of course be kept away from the
grass beneath the trees. Great care is necessary to prevent
injury to the foliage by the Paris green.

Mr. Ware said a pound of Paris green to 80 or 100 gallons of
water was safe enough.

Professor Fernald indorsed the Nickerson nozzle as the best
spray nozzle for showering, then spoke of the grape moth, a
great pest. Its larva is deposited in the grape berry itself.
When feeding on the leaves it may be safe to shower with Paris
green, but after the moth attacks the fruit it is not safe to do it,
The Plum Curcullio can be treated the same way, just as the
trees go out of blossom because the Curcullio eats the leaves.

The cut worm the Professor was unable to give any remedy
for. The best way was to trap them. This worm does his
damage in the night, returning to the earth very early in the
morning. He had cut off the pie plant's broad leaves, and let
them lie on the ground. The cut worm likes it because it is
cold and will crawl in under it out of the sun and when uncov-
ered, quantities of them can be destroyed.

The bark louse has ten generations in a year and if the product
was stretched iu one line it would reach around the world six
million times. Along spell of rain would kill every one of them.
Insects all have their diseases. The farmer should know enough
about insects to tell his friends from his enemies. A professor
in Maine noticed a bud moth with something across its neck,
that did not belong there, on examination under the lens he
fouucl the worm which it carried was an external parasite that

144

was sucking the life blood of the bud moth. After it had killed
the latter the larva spun its cacoon.

The bumble bee was another good friend to the farmer.
There are several sizes and only the largest size, the female
lives through the winter. He then described how they made
their nests and bred and then said that they got their honey from
the red clover, and then take their load to the next blossom.
In this way they actually fertilize the red clover, being the only
insect that does, and it is safe to say that but for them there
would be no red clover for the farmer. An interesting descrip-
tion of the clothes moth and Buffalo carpet beetle followed.

In answer to inquiries the Professor stated he did not know
the relative values of Paris green and London purple. The
white froth on grass blades in haying time was due to a little
grasshopper that sucks the sap. He said that a little black bug
that Mr. Hazeltiue, of Avers Village, said that he found a pest
in his potatoes was one of three or four species of beetles pecu-
liar to certain localities. A minute orange colored insect, which
Mr. Poor, of Andover, found on red top, inside the sheath, was
a species of thrip. Thrip in the grapery could be smoked out by
dropping Dalmation powder on live coals in a shovel. The
long green worm found by Mr. Phippeu, of Methuen, upon his
tomatoes was probably the tobacco worm. It has a spleudid
moth. He had known of 42 parasites to be bred from one lava.

The squash bugs were then discussed- M. C. Andrews, of
Andover, was troubled by a bug that worked up through the
stem. Prof. Fernald thought it caused by striped bugs, they
deposit their eggs, the eggs produce a maggot aud eats the root.
Mr. Ware said lime or any dust would keep off the bugs. Mr.
Holt, of Andover, said that squashes planted as late as June,
escaped the bugs. Mr. Kimball, of Bradford, raised the finest
squashes by the use of coal ashes, which kept off the bugs.

The 66th Institute, and last of the season, was held at
Town Hall, Peabody, March 12th, 1889. ;G-eorge M. Whittaker,
of the "New England Farmer," Boston, opening the forenoon

145

subject, ''The Profits of Farming," with an essay which he en-
titled a "A Business View of Farming," which was an offset to
the present prevalent spirit of grumbling among farmers. He
aserted that similar amounts of skill and capital pay as well in
agriculture as in other kinds of busiuess. Allusion was then
made to the lack of precise debit and credit accounts among
farmers, and therefore lack of statistics in regard to the earnings
as a class. The only accurate information of the earnings of
capital come from the reports of Corporations. In 1885, the rail-
roads of the country earned 2.02 per ceut. ; purchasers of bonds
of conservative northern cities net from 2.75 to 3.50 per cent. ;
the premiums on the stock of the best manufacturing or bank-
ing stocks bring their net profit to 3.50 or 4 per cent. The cen-
sus reports the average farm investment to be $5000, on which,
assuming 4 per cent, as a fair rate of interest, $200 is first to
be charged to the farm ; second as to wages — taking into ac-
count the skill of the average farmer, a fair estimate would be
$800 per year, adding to that $200 for farm labor that wife and
children may do, aggregates $1200. In 24 industries in Massa-
chusetts, in 1885, public reports show average wages for a man
$11.85 per week, the highest $25.

In estimating the matter of credits, the large proportion of
the farmer's living that comes from his farm is an element of
confusion to accuracy. A farmer supporting a family in good
circumstances, but not getting ahead, too often claims that his
farm is not paying at all.

In estimating the credits, the speaker frequently referred to
reports of labor commissioners of Massachusetts and Connecti-
cut. In Connecticut, the labor commissioner found that families
of five persons of laboring men, with average income of $1.74
per day, paid for food $350 per year. In Massachusetts it was
placed at $370 per year, and this latter figure the speaker cred-
ited to the farm for the farmers food. In 1883, the Labor
Bureau statistics found the average Massachusetts workman
paid for rent $140, and the speaker placed $100 to the farms'

146

credit for rent. $120 was reported as the average clothing bill
of a mechanics' family, which amount is also placed to the
credit of the farm. Then followed the following items :

For house-furnishings, making good, wear and tear of

furniture, bedding, crockery, etc., $30

For fuel, 50

For personal use of team, 40

Church, societies, education, including books, news-
papers and music, 50
Luxuries, vacation, charity, medical attendance and

sundries, 40

This estimated cost of an average farmer's living, aggregated
$800, which was moderate and reasonable, as the cost of a com-
mon laborer's family in Connecticut is estimated $720, and in
Massachusetts $754, while the farmer lives much better than
either.

On these estimates, with $1200 charged the farm, and $800
credited it for personal expenses, the average farmer should get
ahead about $400 per year to do as well as he would with his
skill and investment in some other kind of business. This
"getting ahead" was claimed to be the real criterion of financial
prosperity of anyone, rather than the showing of large figures
for salary or profits, and makes no estimate of such incidental
benefits, as increased health, greater independence, and better
moral and physical surroundings for the education of children.

This amount that the average farmer ought to get ahead need
not be represented by actual cash, but if it exists in increased
fertility of soil, new buildings, more stock or tools, it is as real
profit as in any other form. The speaker was positive in his
belief that the average farmer does get ahead the amount speci-
fied, and cited cases to prove his point. Where farmers fall
below this average, it does not disprove it, for then arises the
question whether those less successful do not have inferior skill,
and are getting as good or better return for their labor and
capital as they could anywhere.

The New York dairy commissioner shows by figures from
1200 butter and cheese factories, averaging 350 cows to a fac-

147

ton*, that their are hundreds of cows that do not pay the cost
of their food. A prominent Vermont dairyman says that one-
half of the cows in that State are supporting the other half.
These and other figures were quoted to show that there are
many persons engaged in agriculture lacking sufficient skill, to
secure success in that or any other business. If one-half of the
cows in Vermont do not pay for themselves, the fact that the
other half supported the whole, and the families of the owners
shows that where there is a high degree of skill there must be a
corresponding degree of profit.

The conclusion was that the hope of New England Agricul-
ture depends upon increased skill more than anything else.
Senseless, chronic grumbling — a yearning after the unattainable
— is cheap and wicked ; but Ave should encourage the reason-
able, intelligent discontent, which creates a desire to improve,
to increase a productiveness of fields and herds, which is never
satisfied with present achievements, but is ever pressing on to
better and better. The ambition that stimulates us to surpass
ourselves is honorable and commendable.

Albert Kimball, of Bradford, said all the farmers he was ac-
quainted with, made farming pay. On his farm of 15 acres he
raised 100 bushels of corn to the acre, and the last year had
sold $1000 worth of fruit from it.

Wm. B. Carlton, of Danvers, believed in farming. He did
not believe it true that farmers, as a class, have as good a liv-
ing as like employment in the cities, and doubted if farm life as
he had seen it all over 'Sew England, compared favorably witli
that of mechanical. Those who leave, very seldom return to
the farm. He was surprised in looking over the record, at the
number of farms mortgaged.

A. W. Cheever, of Dedliam, said he had been satisfied from
experience and his own standpoint, that farming pays. He be-
lieved in small farms for small men, and many men are not
large. A man with a small farm, who is clothing and educat-

148

ing his family better than he was clothed and educated, is doing
good work in the world.

Samuel Hawkes, of Saugus, thought that chance and accident
occur and form a prominent part in all business, less perhaps
in farming than other pursuits. He knew of men who had left
the shoemaker's bench for the farm, and had grown rich by it.

B. P. Ware said that farmers generally are grumblers and
think they are having a hard time. The intelligent farmer's em-
ployment brings more intelligence and science into his pursuit
than other callings and he should be compared with professional
and mercantile men, and he believed that the farmer lives as
well and brings up his family as well as the professional man or
merchant with a salary of $2000 per year. James P. King of
Peabody critized a statement made by Mr. Carlton, that one-
half the farms are mortgaged, he expressed the belief that if
they were, one-half of those outside of Saving Banks were held
by farmers. In his experience of thirty 3-ears as Overseer of
Poor he had seen representatives of many callings brought to
the Alms House, but never a farmer, and he never heard of a
farmer failing.

Aaron Low thought we did not give sufficient credit for the
products used on a farm. The bad crops of last year were no
fault of the farmer. All callings have their dull seasons and
thought the farming population had as much cause for encour-
agement as any other. The farmer works longer hours than
those emploj'ed in manufactures, but has advantages in more
freedom and in other ways and believed young men brought up
on the farm have better morals than those in cities.

N. P. Perkins, of Wenham, doubted the statement that the
average farmer could live well and lay by $400 a year and
thought $100 would be nearer the figure. Again he didn't be-
lieve farmers live as well as other people. The market is par-
ticular and farmers have to sell the best they raise and eat what
is left. Farmers do not plan enough and have not courage
enough to stick to their venture. Don't touch anything that

149

you havn't time enough to devote to it to make it a success. He
advocated greater variety of crops instead of depending on one
or two products. In concluding he gave points in favor of
farmers, of their conservative and moral influence in State
affairs. It might be said of the farms, they produce men.

Rev. O. S. Butler of Georgetown, was not in accord with
what had been said and did not hesitate to make it known. He
said he liked to hear horny handed farmers defend their calling
when called upon, but thought some of the rose-colored speeches
he had listened to, the resources of imagination rather than that
of the farm had been drawn upon. He had found farming
profitable as long as he held a good government office. Farm
accounts are not easy to keep, but a farmer who raises five or
six boys, and perhaps a couple of skirls, gives them a college
education, and leaves them at death fifteen to twenty thousand
dollars, may be said to show a pretty successful account. He
said he used to raise four hogs a year, and supposed he cleared
$20, and when he kept account of expenses he found he was
losing %h a year on each. Since then he hadn't kept hogs.
He doubted the statement that only one business man in three
succeeds, but thought less than that proportion of professional
men achieve fame. The most successful farmers are men who
make money at outside business, and have a little left them
occasionally. About ten per cent, of the farms are mortgaged,
mostly held by savings banks. In conclusion, he gave it as
his opinion that any profession or business is successful, with
the right man in the right place ; it is the man, not the business.
One man may get rich sawing wood, while another gets poor
trading in gold; cream rises on top every time. The speaker
believed in farming, and said that a good place to be born and
to die, was on a farm.

In the afternoon, Vice President, J. J. H. Gregory of
Marblehead, presided and Rev. O. S. Butler took the floor to
say a word in memory of the late Charles L. Feint a member
of this society, so widely known for his interest in, and his works

150

on agriculture, particularly in connection with his services of

about quarter of a century as Secretary of the State Board of

Agriculture. Mr. Butler paid a worthy tribute to the deceased

and in conclusion offered the following resolution, which was

adopted :

Resolved: That the members of the Agricultural Society
have learned with most profound sorrow of the decease of Hon.
Charles L. Flint, and hasten to record their high appreciation
of his character as a man, of his literary qualifications and
contributions to the agricultural literature of the country, and
especially of his great service rendered to the development of
agricultural science in our own State, while for twenty-five
years he executed the duties of the office of first Secretary of
the Board of Agriculture, devoting the best years of his useful
life to that noble service.

Mr. David Stiles, since deceased, of Middletou (Mr. Flint's
native town) and Mr. Gregory also spoke of Mr. Flint in feel-
ing terms, the former speaking of his generosity to his native
town, and the latter of his kindness to him personally.

Benj. P. Ware then spoke of a "Trip to Florida," and gave
a very interesting account of it, describing points of interest on
his journey thither and the features of the State which came
under his notice.

After Washington is passed, said Mr. Ware, a change in the
country is noticed. Fine isolated mansions of the former rich
slave-holding planters are seen. The money producing crop is
tobacco though other crops are also raised. The centre of the
tobacco raising region is near Lynchburg, Va. Occasional
farms are in better order than neighboring ones and inquiry
generally reveals the fact that thej^ are owned by New Engend-
ers ; about one-half the land is covered with wood.

A little further south is the cotton growing region. This
region bears less evidence of thrift ; the soil is red and in wet
weather extremely muddy and sticky, but much of it is fertile
and under favorable circumstances yields good crops.

Proceeding to Florida Mr. Ware described it as almost equal
in extent to all New England. There are five kinds of land

151

there fit for cultivation, with the use of more or less fertilizers,
low hammock, wet and covered with timber and thick under-
growth ; high hammock, rich, drier soil and less undergrowth ;
flat pine, with low palmetto growth but no undergrowth ; more
elevated pine land, with clay sub-soil.

A peculiarity of the State is its springs, which gush out of
the earth through the coral formation and form rivers at once.
The great abundance of water is everywhere noticeable in the
numerous rivers and lakes.

Mr. Ware believed the country to afford good facilities for
dairying. Crab grass, Texas blue grass and Bermuda grass
grows in abundance and make good feed ; while beggar weed
(a species of clover growing eight feet high) and cow peas may
be added. Vegetables are grown successfully, except cabbages
which are Ions; in growing- and small in size.

There are about a hundred and fifty different varieties of
oranges grown in Florida. Mr. Ware then gave detailed de-
scriptions of man}7 of the orange groves and their productions;
he estimated there was 400,000 acres devoted to their culture
not more than one-thirtieth of the trees in bearing condition.
At least 3,000,000 boxes of the fruit have been shipped from
Florida this year and about the same number has been imported
into this country from abroad.

Other crops ma}' also be raised beside oranges and when the
trees are young it is of advantage to plant vegetables among
them as the ground has to be thoroughly cultivated.
Strawberries have brought Si and $2 per quart this winter, and
the vines continue to bear for four months.

In regard to its being healthy, yellow fever has prevailed
there lately and is liable to occur again. Malaria is said to
exist only where rotten coral abounds in the soil. Consumptives
go there and are restored to health, but it is useless for a man
to go there with one foot in the grave. Some have gone there
as invalids recovered and have gathered about them settlements

152

of northern people of their own selection numbering in some
cases among the hundreds. Cases in particular were cited.

There are thousands of acres of land for sale ; but the speak-
er cautioned northerners not to buy any of it without seeing and
investigating, for hundreds have been swindled.

A short discussion followed. J. J. H. Gregory spoke of the
formation of the peninsula of Florida and the coral insect, and
of the growth now progressing.

In regard to the negro question (which Mr. Ware had given
the views of Southern men upon) the South had no occasion for
faultfinding; it is au evil they have brought upon themselves.
And the North has a right to ask the South to join in to a great-
er extent with the northern educational efforts. Mr. Gregory
also expressed the belief that the orange business was greatly
overdone.

In response to questions Mr. Ware said he himself preferred
New England to Florida, and considered Essex County the best
place in New England. Yet there are men with restless ten-
dencies and consumptives for whom Florida is a good place.

A. W. Cheever of Dedham, did not take a very enthusiastic
view of Florida, and thought New England a better place. In
regard to cheap southern land, he said land could be bought
here in Massachusetts within an hour's ride of Boston, at fifty
cents an acre, land on which corn could be grown.

Dr. Goodale of Lynn, who owns a grove in Flori la, was
rather more sanguine of the future success of orange growing
and in reply to Mr. Gregory's statement that " an orange is only
an orange and can be eaten only as such " said, that oranges
made as good wine as grapes ; and with better transportation
and consequent lower prices and increased consumption, he be-
lieved the outlook to be promising.

REPORT ON ESSAYS AND REPORTS.
The committee on Essays and Reports, respectfully report

153

that they have awarded a premium of ten dollars ($10), to
M. Sumner Perkins, of Danvers, for an Essay on ''Poultry
Farming;" also a premium of six dollars ($6), to George T.
Morrill, of Amesbury, for a Report on "Carriages," and to Miss
Mary E. Williams, six dollars ($6), for a Report on "Works of
Art."

The essay treats of one of the minor topics of agriculture, but
one of growing interest and importance. It is doubtless useful
to stimulate the interest of farmers in this subject, and to sub-
mit from time to time the correct information as to the points of
new breeds of fowls. The essay submits reasons why farmers
should pay more attention to poultry-raising. There are very
few farmers without fowls of some sort, kept in some sort of
way, usually not the best way. The "barn-yard fowl" is and
always has been, the designation of birds kept in a promiscuous
and unsystematic manner. One of the old English poets, John
Dyer, in his "Country Walk," depicts happily a familiar scene:

"Before the yellow barn I see

A beautiful variety,

Of strutting cocks, advancing stout.

And flirting empty chaff about;

Hens, ducks, and geese, and all their brood,

And turkeys gobbling for their food,

While rustics thrash the wealthy floor,

And tempt them all to crowd the door.'?

Fowls have in fact always been reckoned among the domestic
animals, essential to be kept on every well appointed farm.
Milk and eggs, which are the recognized luxuries of country
living, do not come without cows and hens. The matter of
keeping these useful and profitable auxiliaries is, however,
usually left to the women and boys of the family. This is all
very well, but the farmer must provide the birds and the quar-
ters to keep them in. And our essayist wishes to persuade the
fanner that those which are recognized as "fancy breeds," have
points of excellence, and that suitable quarters are not expen-

154

sive, and insure better results in a pecuniary sense. He de-
scribes a hen-house which may be easily and cheaply con-
structed.

Farmers ideas of this subject are usually quite different from
that of amateurs and the fowl fanciers, but the experience of
the latter is not without its value.

It is not the fault of the committee that no essays upon
matters of leading importance to farmers are published in this
number of the Transactions. The committee would say again,
as they have said before, that they invite farmers and farmers'
sons to supply this deficiency. Ma}T they not hope to receive
this year, out of the whole of Essex County, several essays
which will meet the popular demand for fresh thoughts from
new writers.

For the committee,

G. L. Streeter, Chairman.

Daniel E. Safford, N. M. Hawkes, David W. Low, George
TV. Foster, N, A. Horton — Committee.

IN MEMORIAM.

In obtaining the names of members of the Society deceased,
a list of members was sent to the Trustee in each town and cit}r
for revision, requesting date of death and age of each member
deceased, with brief notice of each, in print or writing, from
which, and from others, the following has been compiled by your
committee :

Robert Callahan, of Audover, died May 22, 1889, from the
effects of a sun stroke, received while using a lawn mower.
Although not a farmer, being a well known and respected sex-
ton, he became a member of the Society in 1868, and was always
interested in its affairs, and a constant attendant at its Annual
Exhibitions.

155

J. J. Downing, of Andover, died Dec. 22, 1888. He was an
enterprising farmer, and took great pains to improve his farm
stock. He was one of the largest Apple growers in Essex
County, and was often an exhibitor at our Annual Fairs. In
1875 he became a member of the Society.

Charles L. Flint, of Boston, the subject of this notice, died
February 2G, aged G4 years, 9 months, while on a visit to
Georgia, where he had gone in hopes of regaining his health,
which had declined for a year or more. He was born in Middle-
ton, May 8, 1824, on the old paternal farm that had been in the
family for six generations ; son of Jeremiah and Mary Howard
Flint, and passed his early years on his father's farm ; but soon
developed a yearning for a more extended education than his
native town afforded. He entered Phillips' Academy, in An-
dover, and by persistent effort and struggle, with very limited
means, worked his way through the Academy and Harvard
College, graduating in 1849, after teaching two years ; studied
two years in the Harvard Law school, and in 1852 entered a law
oifice in New York, under very favorable auspices, and was
admitted to the bar.

At this time, the Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture
was established, and in casting about for a suitable person for
its first secretary, attention was directed to the young and
promising New York lawyer, by his prize essay in 1849, entitled
'•History and Importance of Indian Corn or Maize," which
took the first premium offered by this Societ}', on essays.
Thus he became a member of this Society, and again received
in 1850, the first premium for an essay entitled "Top Dressing
for Mowing and Pasture Lands." He was chosen the first Sec-
retary of the State Board of Agriculture, leaving his chosen pro-
fession, and devoting his untiring energy and brilliant talents to
the cause of agriculture for the remainder of his useful life.

II is history of Indian corn was the most exhaustive and com-
plete that has ever been written upon that subject. His twentv-
five volumes of Annual Reports of the State Board of Agricul-

156

ture, show great care and good judgment in compilation and se-
lection, and are in fact an encyclopaedia of agriculture for the
times. During this time he wrote and published his books en-
titled "Grasses and Forage Plants," "Milch Cows, and Dairy
Farming." a new edition of Dr. Harris' "Treatise on Insects
Injurious to Vegetation," with suitable additions and illustra-
tions, and with the assistance of Mr. George B. Emerson, "The
Manual of Agriculture," all standard works. He for many
years was the agricultural editor of the Massachusetts Plough-
man, also editor of the Old Farmers' Almanac, which position
he held at the close of his life.

During his life he was called to many important public posi-
tions, all of which he filled with honor and profit to the institu-
tions with which he became connected. He was appointed a
trustee of the Massachusetts Agricultural College at Amherst,
from its first establishment, its secretary and lecturer until with-
in a few years, aud one year its president ; also a trustee of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, giving great assistance
in its development. For many years he rendered efficient ser-
vice to the educational interests of Boston, as chairman of the
committee of the English High School. He was president at
the time of his death, of the Massachusetts Agricultural Club, it
being the oldest club in Boston, and from which has emanated
several of the leading agricultural institutions and organizations
of the country. He was a charter member of Massachusetts
Grange, No. 38, and a member of the New England Historic
Genealogical Society, and a director for many years of the So-
ciety for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. In 1862, he
made an extended agricultural tour of Europe, and studied the
methods of agricultural schools there, by which he was enabled
to render important aid in the formation of such schools in his
own country. In 1863, he attended the International Exhibi-
tion at Hamburg, as commissioner. The Chilian government
at an International Exposition, held at Santiago, awarded him
diploma and a bronze medal in recognition of the high quality

157

and value of his reports. He lias rendered valuable service to
our Society by several lectures at our Institutes, and at others
in differeut parts of the state.

He married Miss Ellen E. Leland, of Grafton, in 1857, who
died in 1875, leaving two sons, both graduates of the Massachu-
setts Agricultural College, and one daughter.

After his resignation of his office of Secretary of the State
Board of Agriculture in 1878, he was chosen president of the
New England Mortgage Security Company, of Boston, which
he held at his death. By prudence and careful management of
property left by his wife and his own earnings, he left a large
property.

Charles L. Flint was a man of fine education, superior talents,
a genial social companion, beloved and respected by all who
knew him. and is a decided loss to this Society, and the com-
munity at large.

(Sue also, notice ot his death and resolutions passed at Institute of Society
held in Peabody, Page 150.)

A. Laburton Kimball, of Bradford, died Feb. 23, 1889, aged
about 50 years. He was a retired Shoe Manufacturer, and a
citizen greatly respected. He became a member of the Society
in 1870.

William R. Putnam, died at Red Wing, Minn., Sept. 8,
1886, aged 75 years. He was for many years a trustee of the
Society. During his residence in Danvers, where he was born,
and spent a good part of his life, he cultivated the farm of his
ancestors ; this he did with a degree of intelligence and success
attained by few in those days. He served as Chairman of
committees, and has left many reports on our records, of great
value to the Society.

Mr. Putnam made many contributions, showing much thought
and knowledge of husbandry, to the agricultural papers of the
day.

After his removal to Minnesota in 1873, although not a prac-
tical farmer, he took a deep interest in Western agriculture. It

158

was said of him "that his long Eastern experience made him a
valuable advisor to the farmers of Goodhue County. He was an
active member of the Farmers' Institute, a constant attendant
at its meetings, aiding in discussions, and contributing valuable
papers upon various subjects.

He was a man of marked probity, and was mourned by many
friends. His remains were interred at the old farm, so much
endeared to him in life.

(The above notice of Mr. Putnam's death was written by our late Secretary
Charles P. Preston, deceased, for the "Transactions,'' but did not reach the
Secretary, A copy is now printed.)

David A. Grosvexor, of Danvers, died Sept. 27, 1889, aged
77 years. Born in Manchester, Mass., in 1812. Received his
diploma as Doctor of Medicine, from Dartmouth Medical School
in 1S35, cim ; to D invers in 1839, commencing here the resi-
dence and practice which terminated with life. In his early
practice he was accustomed to ride to all the surrounding towns,
and was in his day, one of the most popular and successful phy-
sicians, and known among a large circle of patients and friends.
He joined this Society in 1856.

John S. Grout, of Danvers, died July 11, 1889, aged 82
years, 2 days. Born July 9, 1807, in Kirby, Vt., a village of
East St. Johnsbury, and came to Danvers when about 19
years of age. At different times in his life engaged in brick-
making, started the coach route from Danvers to Salem, at one
time owned the Danvers and Boston express, and later engaged
in farming aud stock-raising in Danvers and Topsfield. Strong
in his anti-slavery ideas, even before the question received' a
national agitation, and a pronounced temperance advocate. He
was always well known by his townsmen, as a fearless and out-
spoken defender of both, and ready on all occasions, and on
other matters as well, to let his opinions be known. He became
a member in 1876.

Richard Braixard Hood, of Danvers, died Aug. 16, 1889. A
native of Danvers, always an active and industrious man, inter-

159

ested in the growth and welfare of the town, especially in its
roads, with which he had much to do for many years, both as
"Road Commissioner and Highway Surveyor." He became a
member in 1875.

Geo. B. Martin, of Dauvers, died April 26, 1889, aged
63 years. Born at Sandwich, N. H., Dec. 13, 1826, coming to
Dauvers when 17 years of age. He soon commenced to learn
the shoemaker's trade, and from small beginnings, built up dur-
ing his lifetime a large business in the manufacturing of shoes,
principally for the Western trade. Quite a land owner in
town, and for many years interested in the rearing of horses as
his recreation, and often to much profit. Some noted trotting
horses of the county a few years ago, were from his stables.
Naturally a lover of the soil, he was interested in all that per-
tained to it, joining this Society in 1862.

George D. Richards, of Danvers, died Jan. 1, 1889,
aged 50 years, 4 months. Born in Danvers, Sept. 1838, where
he spent the most of his life in the grocery business, first with
his father, the late Daniel Richards, and later associated with
his brother as his successor. Previous to 1865, he kept store
two years in Wenham, and five years in North Andover. He
joined the Society in 1875.

Aaron W. Warren, of Danvers, died Feb. 19, 1889, aged
70 yrs. 4 months, 5 days. A native of Danvers, born in Oct.
1818. For many years engaged in the grocery business, and a
man of sterling integrity, held in much esteen by his fellow
townsmen. The last few years of his life, having disposed of
his business, he devoted himself to his home, and to the enjoy-
ment of well earned leisure. A lover of the country, he frequently
made use of the county roads and his span of horses for pas-
time, health and enjoyment, sharing with others his opportunities
and appreciation of Nature's beauties.

William L. Weston, of Danvers, died Feb. 1, 1889, aged 71
years. Born in Brooklyn, April 17, 1817. He came to

160

Danvers in 1841, and was soon appointed Cashier of the Village
Bank, now the First National Bank, a position that he held until
within a few years. At the time that Danvers introduced its
"Water Works, Mr. Weston became much interested, and helped
materially in placing its Water Bonds successfully upon the
market.

Joseph Andrews, ot Essex, died Feb. 25, 1889, aged 84
years. He was very successful as a farmer, and took great
pride that everything should look neat and tidy about his farm.
He retired from active farm life about twenty-nine years ago,
and sold his farm some years later. He joined the Society in
1858.

William Nelson, of Georgetown, died Feb. 6, 1889, aged 79
years. He was born Jan. 26, 1810, and married Mary S.
Stickney Jan. 27, 1842, who died Aug. 24, of last year, leaving
no children.

Years ago he carried on one of the largest tanneries, and was
a pioneer in applying steam to the process. He abandoned that
business, and engaged in trade and agriculture, which he fol-
lowed uutil his death. He was socially one of the most com-
panionable of men, with sterling sense, an oracle for old time
history and tradition, and his mind was stored with interesting,
valuable facts, and could relate them with a sparkle of the eye,
and quaintness of expression. He was humane and benevolent,
visiting his neighbors in sickness, condoling with them in be-
reavement, and contributing liberally from his subsistence to
supply their needs. He gained his military title of Captain by
serving in the Militia, in all the subordinate positions from that
of private to head of the company. He commanded the " Lafay-
ette Guards, " when the change in the militia laws caused its
disbandment, and later assisted in forming the Citizens' Guard.

He encouraged good citizenship, helped man}^ to found homes
for themselves, and found them employment. He was progres-
sive, public spirited, and as liberal in his religious views, as he

161

was liberal in his chanties, and will be greatly missed. He be-
came a member of the Society in 1870.

John Preston, of Georgetown, died July 20, 1889, 69 years
of age. He was born inTopsfield in 1820. He went to George-
town over forty }rears ago, a shoemaker by trade, afterwards
managed a department of a shoe-factoiy, since which time he
has given attention to fancy and landscape gardening, having
fine taste for the beautiful, and skill in raising odd vegetables,
he was also an apiarist of great skill, producing large amounts
of honey.

He has held every office in town that he would accept,
Selectman, Overseer, Assessor, School Committee, Auditor,
Constable, Fence Viewer, and for many years Treasurer of the
Peabody Library Trustees.

He was identified with every institution, which improved the
town or its inhabitants. In the fire department he served from
private to engineer. In Masonic, Odd Fellow, Grand Army and
Temperance organizations, he was a useful, hard-working mem-
ber. He was courteous, considerate and benevolent, a pro-
found reasouer, close student, and an industrious omnivorous
reader of standard literature of the best authors.

He served during the war as Corporal in Co. M., 4th Regt.
Heav}' Artillery, respected by his officers and loved by his com-
rades. His name was changed from Spiller to Preston by
authority of the Legislature in 1850. He became a member of
this Society in 1863.

Eben Dale, of Gloucester, died in Gloucester Sept. 8th,
1889. He was of an old Gloucester family, and engaged in
Mercantile business of large extent, in Boston. He became a
member of the Society over twenty years ago, and assisted
as Marshal when the Society held its Fair in Gloucester
in 1872 and 1873.

Elbridge G. Friend, of Gloucester, died Oct. 27, 1889, 'in
his 79th year. He was a mason by occupation, retiring in middle

162

life, serving the town as Overseer of the Poor, four years,
Assessor, seven years, Auditing, 3 years, and Town Treasurer,
one year. In 1852 he was on committee to prosecute liquor
sellers, and beside other positions of trust and responsibility he
was, at time of death, an Associate Justice of the Police Court.
He was a devoted free soiler, a strong Republican, and a liberal
christian. He became a member of the Society in 1872.

Samuel E. Sawyer, of Gloucester, died in Gloucester, in Dec.
1889, 72 years of age, in the home of his ancestors of 1734. He
received his education and early business training in Gloucester,
and made a fortune in Boston amounting to a million or more,
leaving no wife or children. He has been generous to his
native city, and by his will provides for a public park, and gen-
erously endows the Sawyer Free Library already established,
and remembered the charitable institutions of that city as well
as those of Boston also. He became a member of this Society
in 1872.

Edwin T. Curtis, of Groveland, died March 2, 1889, aged
69 years. Mr. Curtis was born in Maine, came to Bradford
when a boy, in that part of the town now Groveland. He be-
came a member of this Society about 1870. Although never
taking an active part in its affairs, he always manifested an in-
terest in its prosperity. He was one of the most active men in
town affairs, serving as Treasurer in 1853, and as Selectman in
1852, '68, '70 and '72. He was Chairman of the committee of
the Congregational Church Society, at the time of his death, and
was a member of the Masonic Fraternity.

Joseph Knowlton, of Hamilton, died Dec. 20, 1888, aged 79
years. He was a farmer greatly interested in fruit culture, and
rendered services to this Society, which he joined over thirty
years ago, as exhibitor and on committees.

William Caldwell, of Haverhill, who became a member in
1855, died Oct. 26, 1889. He was born in Newburyport, Dec.

163

20, 1806, and was educated there, moving to Haverhill when
15. He went to sea at 18, and soon became Master. At the
end of twenty years he retired and became a clerk at the State
House, and was afterwards Cashier of the Essex National Bank
in Haverhill, for thirty-six years. The "Captain" was univer-
sally respected for his rugged integrity, acumen, and kindness
of heart. He leaves a widow and son. He was constant at
the Unitarian Church.

Samuel N. Currier, of Haverhill, died March 7, 1889. A
native of Hill, N. H., where he was born Jan. 10, 1822, came
to Haverhill in 1855 permanently, having been there employed
previous in shoe manufacture, which business he followed until
entirely burned out in the great fire of 1882. He was a Director
of the Merrimack National Bank, Vice President and Trustee of
Five Cents Savings Bank, a Trustee of the City Hospital, was
an Alderman in 1872. In fraternal association he was member
of Lodge, Chapter and Commandry of Masons. In religion his
home was the First Baptist Society. As a citizen he was a man
of high integrity, and greatly esteemed.

John Brown, of Ipswich, became a member in 1869. He
died Feb. 12, 1889, aged 74 years. He was a successful farmer,
and a kiud neighbor.

John J. England, of Merriraac, who became a member of
the Society in 1884, died Aug. 14, 1889, aged 68 years, 8
months, 12 days.

Charles H. Nicholas, of Merrimac, who joined the Society
in 1868, died Jan. 13, 1889, aged 72 years.

George Washington Gage, of Methuen, who became a mem-
ber in 1848, died in 1889, was very much interested in the Society,
serving on many committees, Trustee for several years, a frequent
exhibitor, his services, reports and papers to the Society, and
before its Institutes, have been of much value. He made a

164

specialty of grape culture, and was quite successful. As au ex-
hibitor of grapes, always taking the premium offered by the
Society for the varieties he exhibited. As a citizen, he was
greatly respected, and served his town officially in an able
manner.

David Stiles, of Middleton, long a member of this Society,
and one of its Trustees, died at Sodus, N. Y , Aug. 7, 1889,
aged 76 years, having been born in Middleton, June 19, 1813.
He was a farrier by occupation, and conducted it in a most neat
shop, next to his residence, for fifty-four years. His papers
on horse-shoeing, and the horse, published in the Society's
Transactions, or read before its Institutes, have shown he was a
master of his profession, and a great lover of the horse. He
was thrifty, saving and forehanded, and a good type of the old-
fashioned New England life and character. He was public
spirited, and a Deacon and earnest supporter of the Congrega-
tional Church, of which he had been a member since 1832. He
was a Justice of the Peace, and local agent of the Society for
the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and was generally inter-
ested in genealogical, historical and agricultural matters. He
married Rebecca Periy, of Danvers, by whom he had five chil-
dren, and with whom he celebrated their golden wedding, April
21, 1886. She died nine months after.

Loring B. Rea, of Miles City, Montana, died in 1889, about
40 years of age. He was a very enterprising farmer in North
Andover, where he was born, and joined the Society about
twenty years ago. He moved West from North Andover, in
1885, that he might carry on farming and stock raising on a
more extensive scale, which he made successful. While a resi-
dent of Montana, he served in its Legislature.

John Noyes Kent, of Newbury, a member of this Society
since 1856, was born Feb. 21, 1809, and died March 17, 1889,
aged 80 years and 24 days.

He was a descendant of Richard Kent, who came from the

165

County of Kent, England, in 1630, as a grantee of the entailed
estate of Kent's Island, and was the oldest representative of the
name in Newbury.

In his younger days he was a skilled mechanic, and was one
of three Newbury men, (John Dummer and Paul Moody being
the other two) , who built the first machinery in the new city of
Lowell.

Half a century ago he was Captain of a Cavalry Company in
the Massachusetts Militia, and at the time of the " Aroostook
War" was called out by the Governor, and held his command in
readiness thirty days at Col. Savory's tavern in New Rowley,
now called Georgetown.

He was a practical farmer owner of a respectable estate, and
was one of the few men, who by shrewd speculations, turned
the Newbury silver fever to his material advantage,

Josiah Crosby, of North Andover, died in Lawrence in 1889,
aged — years, became a member of this Society in 1840, receiv-
ing an award the same year for a milch cow. He has served as
Trustee of the Society several years, first in 1853, and was
often on committee, many times as Chairman, and his reports
on stallions in 1854, '56, are worthy of note.

James Marsh, of Peabody, died Feb. 11, 1889, at the
ripe age of 85 years and 11 months; has been a member
since 1847.

He was a marked type of a thorough and progressive farmer,
a man who cultivated well and made selection, on his lands, of
the best to cultivate.

He was not satisfied with average crops, but aimed for larger
harvests and got them. His buildings met the needs of his
farm, and his name will go down in the history of the county,
as one of the raisers of. sheep until within a short time of his
decease, cows and the usual proportion of horses was among
his live stock.

166

He was a believer in allowing the trees to gain possession
of laud, too poor for tillage or pasture, when gauged by a fair
standard; and he judiciously planted trees and shrubs for shade
and beauty. His apple orchard at the east side of his home,
with the rich clover blossoming under them at the ripening
season, and between the years when hoed crops were under
them, was a sight well worth a visit to see.

The writer looks back with pleasure to one of the last Insti-
tutes at Danvers, when Mr. Marsh expressed much interest in
the subject of tree planting, and advocated a greater apprecia-
tion of its value. He was a frequent attendant at the Society's
winter Institutes, and his opinion was often given.

A remarkable feature of his life was the spirit of progress
that he showed during even the last years of his life, when by
his energy and direction, several fields of low, as well as up-
land, were cleared and planted. At his decease his farm was
left in good condition. A better proof of a wise farmer will not
be found. His death will be a loss to the agriculture of Essex
County.

John W. Marshall, of Rockport, died June 9, 1889, in his
80th year. He became a member in 1872, has been a Trustee
for several years, and Chairman or member of important com-
mittees. He was much interested in fruit culture. He first
served his town as Selectman, in 1836, when it was part of
Gloucester, and thirteen times since. He was on School Com-
mittee five years,. Moderator of many Town Meetings, and an
Auditor several years. He was Assistant Assessor of Internal
Revenue, from 1862 to 1873, and Deputy Collector until 1882.

He was a public spirited man, aud earnest in every work that
advanced the progress of his town financially and morally, and
through a long life of public services has everywhere held an
honored and respected name.

William H. Foster, of Salem, a member from 1855, died
Nov. 27, 1888, aged 90 years, 11 months, 7 days. In early life

167

he was bookkeeper of the old Eastern Stage Co., and also man-
ager of the Commercial news room, then located in the build-
ing with the East India Marine Society.

He entered the Asiatic Bank as bookkeeper in 1824, and
was made Cashier in 1829, continuing in the active occupation
of the office until 1884, and nominally Cashier until the da}T of
his death, making almost daily visits to the bank until within
six days previous to his death.

He was at one time clerk of the Eastern Railroad Company,
a promoter of the Salem Gas Light Co., a trustee of the Salem
Savings Bank, and the most efficient and interested man con-
nected with the Harmony Grove Cemetery Corporation.

He was very warmly and actively interested in the Old Ladies'
Home and Old Men's Home. Being imbued with a genuine
love for works of active benevolence, he derived no greater
pleasure than that which comes from making others happy. A
very genial, social and companionable man.

His life was honorable as it was long. He never allowed up
to the time of his death his active interest to subside in the
affairs of the community with which his life had been identified.

Caleb Newcomb, a member from 1868, died in Salem, April
20, 1889. He was formerly head of the old hardware firm of
Newcomb & Farless, and was an esteemed citizen. He was in
the 89th year of his age.

Wm. Pickering, Jr\, a member from 1875, died in Salem, very
suddenly, of heart disease, at the age of 50 years. He was a
member of the Boston Coal Exchange, Odd Fellows, Workmen
and Knights of Pythias;

John Gibney, a member from 1875, one of the oldest of the
Salem tanners, died at his farm in Hamilton, Oct 28, 1889, at
the age of 74 years. He came to Salem at an early age and
learned the leather business, establishing an extensive tannery
which he conducted with great success during the war period,

168

obtaining a competenc\\ Subsequently be retired to his farm
at Hamilton where he has resided for some years and was an
exhibitor and otherwise interested in the society.

John Kinsman, a member from 1850, died in Salem, Nov. 16,
1889. Born in Ipswich Sept. 3, 1810, he came to Salem to
learn the carpenter's trade, and subsequently was in business
for himself, displaying much energy of character.

He succeeded Stephen A. Chase as superintendent of the
Eastern Railroad, afterwards became interested in Western
enterprises, and removed to Ohio, returning to Salem in 1864,
where he has resided until his decease.

Moses Wildes, of Topsfield, a member from 1838, died
Nov. 5, 1889, aged 80 years. He was born and resided in
that town during his minority, afterwards associated with his
uncle, Solomon Wildes, of Boston, in the management of the
"Wildes Hotel." About the year 1848 he returned to his
native town and settled down upon his ancestral acres, fre-
quently visiting his Boston associates in regard to the best pay-
ing securities, the fastest horses, etc.

Mr. Wildes was not a farmer within our meaning, but nev-
ertheless he liked to see his stock develop. The Abdallah
horse and the Jersey cow were his choice pets ; a business man
of large views, a thorough grasp of details, giving to the pros-
ecution of his financiering that personal attention that insures
success. Mr. Wildes not only achieved his fortune bnt he dis-
pensed it with a liberal hand, leaving an illustration, the devise
of one thousand dollars to this society.

CONSTITUTION

OF THE

ESSEX AGEICULTUEAL SOCIETY.

Article 1. There shall be a President, four Vice Presidents,
a Secretary, and a Treasurer, who shall be Trustees, ex-officio.
The President, Vice Presidents and Secretary shall be
elected at the annual meeting by ballot and the Treasurer by
the Trustees, annually, at their meeting in November. In addi-
tion to these, one Trustee shall be elected annually for each
town in the County, and the Trustee for each town shall be
e'ected by members of the Society in said town, at a meeting
called for that purpose,* in accordance with notice issued by the
Secretary, and shall continue in office until another is elected in
his stead ; and such election shall be final, and shall constitute
the Trustee so elected a member of the Board of Trustees of
the Society ; and the result of the election in each town shall be
communicated as early as possible to the Secretary.

Art. 2. There shall be an Annual Meeting of the Society,
at such time as the Trustees shall determine ; at which all offi-
cers shall be elected. Twenty members at least shall be neces-
sary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.

Art. 3. If at any meeting of the Society, or the Trustees,
the President and Vice Presidents shall be absent, the members
present may appoint one from among them to preside at such
meeting.

Art. 4. The President, or, in case of his absence, either of
the Vice Presidents, with the advice of the Trustees, may call

*These meetings are held the last Tuesday of October, and tbe Trustees
elected, commence their duties at the November meeting of Trustees.

170

a special meeting of the Society ; or whenever a written applica-
tion, with the reason assigned therefor, shall be made by any
twelve members of the Society, to the Presidents and Trustees,
they shall call such meeting.

Art. 5. The meetings of the Trustees shall be held at such
time and place as they shall from time to time agree upon ;
seven of whom with the presiding officer shall make a quorum.

Art. 6. The Trustees shall regulate all the concerns of the
Society, during the intervals of its meetings ; propose such
objects of improvement to the attention of the public, publish
such communications, and offer premiums in such form and
value as they think proper, (provided the premiums offered do
not exceed the funds of the Society) ; and shall lay before the
Society, at each of its meetings, a statement of their proceed-
ings and of the communications made to them.

Art. 7. The Secretary shall take minutes of all the votes
and proceedings of the Society and of the Trustees, and enter
them in separate books ; and shall record all such communica-
tions as the Trustees shall direct. He shall write and answer
all letters relating to the business of the Society.

Art. 8. The Treasurer shall receive all monies due or pay-
able to the Society, and all donations lhat may be made to it,
for which he shall give duplicate receipts, one of which shall be
lodged with the Secretary, who shall make a fair record thereof.
The Treasurer shall from time to time pay out such monies as
he shall have orders for from the Trustees ; and shall annually,
and whenever thereto required, render a fair account of all his
receipts and payments to the Society or a committee thereof.
He shall give bonds for the faithful discharge of his duty, in
such sum as the Trustees shall direct, and with such sureties.

Art. 9. A committee shall be appointed annually by the
Trustees, to audit the Treasurer's accounts, who shall report to
the Society; and the same being accepted, shall be entered by
the Secretary in his books.

Art. 10. In case of the death, resignation, incapacity, or

171

removal out of the County, of the Secretary or of the Treasurer,
the Trustees shall take charge of the official books, papers, and
other effects, belonging to the office that may be vacated, and
give receipts for the same ; which books, papers, etc., they may
deliver to some person whom they may appoint to fill the office
until the next meeting of the Society, at which time there shall
be a new choice.

Art. 11. * Any citizen of the County may become a mem-
ber of the Society, by paying the sum of three dollars to in-
crease the permanent fund of the institution.

Art. 12. A committee shall be raised from time to time, to
solicit and receive subscriptions for raising a fund for encour-
aging the noblest of pursuits, the Agriculture of our country ;
the same to be sacredly appropriated to that purpose.

Art. 13. All ordained ministers of the Gospel who reside
within the County, shall be admitted honorary members of the
Society.

Art. 14. In addition to the usual number of Trustees
annually elected, the past Presidents of the Society shall be
honorary members of the Board of Trustees.

Art. 15. The foregoing constitution may be amended by a
proposition of the amendment in writing by a member at a reg-
ular meeting ; the same to lie over for the action at the next
annual meeting of the Society.

* Members will receive from the Secretary a "certificate of membership.''
No fines or assessments are ever imposed. Members are entitled to vote in all
its transactions, with free use of the Library and a copy of the printed "Trans-
actions" each year.

A premium of six dollars is now offered to the resident of the County ob-
taining the largest number of new members during the year ending Nov. 1st.

172

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NIC »HH

OFFICERS OK THESOCIETY

FOR 1889=90.

PRESIDENT.

BENJAMIN P. WARE, OF MARBLEHEAD.

VICE PRESIDENTS.

JAMES J. H. GREGORY, of Marblehead,
THOMAS C. THURLOW, of West Newbury.
JAMES P. KING, of Peabody.
HARRY H. HALE, of Bradford.

SECRETARY.

DAVID W. LOW, of Gloucester.

TREASURER.

GILBERT L. STREETER, of Salem.

HONORARY TRUSTEE.

JOSEPH HOW, of Methuen.

DELEGATE TO THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE.

BENJAMIN P. WARE, of Clifton, Marblehead.

TRUSTEES.

Charles C. Blunt, Andover. Sherman Nelson, Georgetown.

J. Henry Hill, Amesbury. Alonzo F. Harvey, Gloucester.

Andrew Dodge, Beverly. Abel Stickney, Grovelaud.

George B. Austin, Boxford. Alvin Smith, Hamilton.

Edwin V. Gage, Bradford. E. A. Emerson, Haverhill.
Edward E. Woodman, Danvers. Alonzo B. Fellows, Ipswich. '

Elias Andrews, Essex. Horatio G. Her rick, Lawrence.

174

Asa T. Newhall, Lynn.
John M. Danforth, Lynnfield.
John Baker, Manchester.
Amos P. Alley, Marblehead.
George W. Sargent, Merrirnac.
George B. Bradley, Methuen.
Lyman S. Wilkins, Middleton.
Daniel D. Adams, Newbury.
Win. H. Bayley, Newbury port
Albert Berry, North Andover.

Francis H. Appleton, Peabody,
Andrew Lane, Rockport.
George B. Blodgette. Rowley.
Henry A. Hale, Salem.
John F. Smith, Salisbury.
Samuel Hawkes, Saugus.
David Warren, Swampscott.
Salmon D. Hood, Topsfield.
.Henry Hobbs, Wenham.
Oscar Gowen, West Newbury.

NEW MEMBERS— 1889.

Lewis B. Davis, Amesbury.
Joseph F. Andrews, Beverly.
Charles E. Caldwell, Beverly.
Arthur E. Clark, Beverly.
Aug. N. Clark, Beverly.
Fred. A. Dodge, Beverly.
Israel W. Dodge, Beverly.
Lucius B. Dodge, Beverly.
Robert R. Endicott, Beverly.
William H. Gray, Beverly.
Thomas W. Howse, Beverly.
Charles W. Killam, Beverly.
William H. Lovett, Beverly.
Charles A. Mason, Beverly.
James A. Marsters, Beverly.
William C. Morgan, Beverly.
Charles Moulton, Beverly.
John A. Moulton, Beverly.
John M. Murney, Beverly.
Francis Norwood, Beverly.
Ezekiel F. Obear, Beverly.

Albert Perry, Beverly.
John W.Raymond, Jr., Beverly.
Stephen W. Roberts, Beverly.
George Roundy, Beverly.
George W. Stickney, Beverly.
Samuel H. Stone, Beverly.
Darling L. Trafton, Beverly.
Albert Vittum, Beverly.
Joseph A. Wallis, Beverly.
Augustus Williams, Beverly.
Horace W. Woodbury, Beverly.
Rufus Woodbury, Beverly.
Charles F. Austin, Boxford.
William Bent, Danvers.
Oliver N. Fernald, Danvers.
Jacob Marston, Danvers.
M. Sumner Perkins, Danvers.
A. P. Gardner, Hamilton.
Daniel A. Nason, Hamilton,
Marcus L. Emerson, Haverhill.
Joseph Shattuck, Lawrence.

175

Charles H. Derby, Lynnfield. Richard T. Jaques, Jr., Newbury

Elbridge F. Gerry, Lynnfield. Cornelius Moynihan, Newbury.

George F. Griffin, Lynnfield. H. C. Strout, Peabody.
J. Winslow Perkins, Lynnfield. Zeno A. Appletou, Rockport.

Walter E. Bates, Lynn. Stephen Dodd, Rockport.

William H. Bates, Lynn, Loring Grimes, Rockport.

Mrs. J. A. Cain, Lynn. James B. Merridew, Rockport.

James A. Croscup, Lynn. William McNeil, Rockport.

Joseph W. Goodwin, Lynn. Story D. Pool, Rockport.

John C. Haskell, Lynn. Amos Rowe, Rockport.

William H. Joint, Lynn. Lyman Holman, Salem.

David Knox, Lynn. Reuben W. Ropes, Salem.

Edward A. Richards, Lynn. Austin I. Batchelder, Wenham.

A. B. Forbes, Newbury. S. R. Prince. Wenham.

CHANGES REPORTED BY TRUSTEES IN 1889.

Edgar J. Bliss, Salem, from Beverly.

D. Brainard Burnham, Chelsea, from Essex.

Joseph D. Abbott, Ipswich, from Hamilton.

Isaiah A. Rogers, Somerville, from Ipswich.

Thomas C. Sawyer, Lowell, from Merrimac.

William Jones, Newburyport, from Newbury.

George Little, Boston, from Newbury.

J. P. Blake, Newton, from North Andover.

John O. Goodwin, Haverhill, from North Andover.

James H. Reynolds, Andover, from North Andover.

T. Wilson Batchelder, Wenham, from Topsfield.

Augustus T. Billings, Maiden, from Topsfield.

George H. Poor, Newburyport, from AVest Newbury.

Henry II. Johnson, Haverhill, from West Newbury.

176
CORRECTIONS OF 1888— LIST.

John Mitchell, Beverly, should be John E. Mitchell.

Samuel H. Elliot, Haverhill, dead more than 5 years.

C. E. Morse, Haverhill, dead several years.

Amos Haseltine, Jr., Haverhill, should be Amos Hazeltine.

M. W. Harrison, Haverhill, should be M. W. Hanscom.

W. F. Poore, Haverhill, should be F. W. Poor.

Jos. N. Ridgeway, Haverhill, should be Joseph Ridgeway.

List of Premiums Awarded in i88g.

FAT CATTLE.

James C. Poor, North Andover, for oxen, first pre-
mium, $8.00
James P. Little, Amesbury, for oxen, second premium, G 00
James P. Little, Amesbury, for oxen, third premium, 3 00

BULLS.

Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for Guernsey, two years old

and upward, first premium, 8 00

Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for Ayrshire, under 2 years

old, first premium, 4 00

Hany H. Hale, Bradford, for Short Horn, under 2

years old, first premium, 4 00

Shattuck Brothers, Lawrence, for Holstein, 2 years

old, second premium, 2 00

Shattuck Brothers, Lawrence, for Holstein Bull Calf,

first premium, 4 00

Mrs. J. C. Phillips, Beverly, for Jersey, over 2 years

old, first premium, 8 00

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for Holstein, over 2 years

old, first premium, 8 00

Arthur E. Clark, Beverly, for yearling Jersey, first

premium, 4 00

milch cows.

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for best record milch cow,

any age or breed, Holstein, first premium, 15 00

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for Holstein, 4 years old

and upwards, first premium 10 00

178

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for milch cow, over 4
years old, foreign, native or grade, Holstein,
first premium, $10 00

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for milch cow, foreign,

native or grade, Holstein. second premium, 4 00

John S. Ives, Salem, for grade Ayrshire, over 4 years

old, first premium, 10 00

Mrs. J. C. Phillips, Beverly, for best Jersey, first pre-
mium, 10 00

Mrs. J. C. Phillips, Beverly, for Jersey, second pre-
mium, 4 00

Shattuck Brothers, Lawrence, for Holstein, second

premium, 4 00

HERDS OF MILCH COWS.

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for Holstein, first pre-
mium, 18 00
Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for Ayrshire, first premium, 18 00
Harry H. Hale, Bradford, Guernseys, first premium, 18 00
Mrs. J. C. Phillips, Beverly, for Jerseys, first premium, 18 00

HEIFERS FIRST CLASS.

Wm. A. Russell, Lawrence, for Holstein in milk, first

premium, 8 00

Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for Short Horn, 2 years old,

first premium, 4 00

Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for Short Horn yearling,

first premium, 4 00

Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for Short Horn Calf,

first premium, 4 00

Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for Ayrshire 2 years old in

milk, first premium, 8 00

Harry H. Hale, Bradford, for Ayrshire 2 years old in

milk, second premium, 5 00

Mrs. J. C. Phillips, Beverly, for yearling Jersey, first

premium, 4 00

179

Mrs. J. C. Phillips, Beverly, for Jersey Calf, first pre-
mium, $4 00

James C. Poor, North Andover, for Holsten Calf, first

premium, 4 00

HEIFERS SECOND CLASS.

John S. Ives, Salem, for grade Ayrshire, 3 years old

in milk, first premium, 8 00

City Farm, Salem, for grade Holstein, 2 years old,

first premium, 4 00

Francis O. Kimball, Danvers, for grade Holstein, 2

years old, second premium, 3 00

City Farm, Salem, for grade Holstein yearling, first

premium, 4 00

T. C. Durkee, Peabody, for grade Jersey yearling,

second premium, 3 00

City Farm, Salem, for grade Holstein calf, first premium, 4 00
John S. Ives, Salem, for grade Ayrshire calf, second

premium, 3 00

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

B. H. Farnum, North Andover, for oxen, first premium, 12 00
Lyman S. Wilkins, Middleton, for oxen, second premium, 10 00
Peter E. Clark, Beverly, for oxen, third premium, 8 00

B. H. Farnum, North Andover, steers, second premium, 6 00

STEERS.

J. P, Little, Amesbury, for 3 years old, first premium, 8 00

B. W. Farnum, North Andover, for 2 years old, sec-
ond premium, 5 00

B. W. Farnum, North Andover, for yearling, second

premium, 4 00

W. P. Christopher, Middleton, for steer calves, first

premium, 4 00

180

STALLIONS — DRIVING PURPOSES.

A. B. Forbes, Newbury, Byfield, for "Lombardy,"

first premium, $10 00

John P. Conant, AVeuham, for "Don Juan," second

premium, 6 00

BROOD MARES.

First Class, for Farm and Draft Purposes,
H. H. Hale, Bradford, first premium,
Calvin Putnam, Dauvers, second premium,
S. F. Newman, Newbury, third premium,
Second Class, for Driving Purposes,
H. H. Hale, Bradford, first premium,
O. N. Fernald, Danvers, second premium,
Michael Looney, Salem, third premium,

FAMILY HORSES.

H. H. Hale, Bradford, first premium, 10 00

H. H. Pillsbury, Danvers, second premium, 6 00

Richard T. Jaques, Newbury, third premium, 4 00

gentlemen's driving horses.
Jacob Marston, Danvers, first premium, 10 00

FARM HORSES.

A. F. Lee, Beverly, first premium,

B. H. Farnum, North Andover, second premium,
J. H, Perkins, Lynnfield, third premium,

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES — FIRST CLASS.

A. P. Gardner, Hamilton, first premium,
H.H. Hale, Bradford, second premium,

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES SECOND CLASS.

Mrs. J. C. Phillips, Beverly, first premium, 10 00

M. H. Poor, West Newbury, second premium, 8 00

181

COLTS FOR DRAFT PURPOSES — FIRST CLASS.

Cornelius Moynihan, Newbury, first premium, $8 00

James G. Abbott, Andover, second premium, 5 00

COLTS FOR DRAFT PURPOSES — SECOND CLASS.

H. H. Hale, Bradford, for 2 years old, first premium, 8 00

A. P. Gardner, Hamilton, second premium, 5 00

Cornelius Moynihan, Newbury, third premium, 3 00

R. T. Jaques, Jr., Newbury, for yearling, first premium, 5 00

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES FIRST CLASS.

Edwin Bates, Lynnfield, for 4 years old, first premium, 8 00

H. H. Hale, Bradford, second premium, 5 00

D. G. Tenney, Newbury, for 3 years old, first premium, G 00

F. H. Poor, "West Newbury, second premium, 3 00

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES SECOND CLASS.

W. McNeil, Rockport, for 2 year old, first premium. 8 00

Edwin Bates, Lynn, second premium, 5 00

H. H. Hale, Bradford, third premium, 3 00

John Swinerton, Danvers, for 1 year old, first premium, 5 00

H H. Hale, Bradford, second premium, 3 00

SWINE — FIRST CLASS.

Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for Yorkshire breeding

sow, first premium, 8 00
Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for Yorkshire boar, first

premium, 8 00
Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for litter of Yorkshire

weaned pigs, first premium, 8 00
H. H. Hale, Bradford, for litter of Berkshire pigs,

first premium, 8 00

John Mahoney, Rowley, Berkshire Boar, first premium, 8 00

H. H, Hale, Bradford, Berkshire boar, second premium, 5 00

John Mahoney, Rowley, Berkshire sow, first premium, 8 00
John Mahoney, Rowley, Berkshire sow, second premium, 5 00

182

SWINE — SECOND CLASS.

H. H. Hale, Bradford, weaned pigs, first premium, $8 00
James C. Poor, North Andover, second premium, 5 00
Arthur C. Buxton, Peabody, breeding sow, first pre-
mium, 8 00
H. C. Strout, Peabody, second premium, 5 00

SHEEP.

H. H. Hale, Bradford, for best flock, 10 00

H. H. Hale, Bradford, for best buck, 8 00

H. H. Hale, Bradford, for best lambs, 4 00

PLOUGHING WITH DOUBLE TEAM.

Benj. H. Farnum, North Andover, first premium, 10 00

Edward Whipple of Hamilton and George Brown of

Peabody, second premium, 8 00

PLOUGHING WITH SINGLE TEAM.

Peter E. Clark, Beverly, first premium, 10 00

Samuel Thayer, Andover, second premium, 8 00

PLOUGHING WITH HORSES.

Moses H. Poor, "West Newbury, first premium, 10 00

Wm. Bent, Danvers, second premium, 7 00

Mrs. J. C. Phillips, Beverly, third premium, 5 00

PLOUGHING WITH SWIVEL PLOUGH.

Robert F. Dodge, Wenharn, first premium, 10 00

Lyman S. Wilkins, Middleton, second premium 8 00

Solomon W. Weston and William P. Christopher, of

Middleton, third premium, 6 00

PLOUGHING WITH SULKY PLOUGH.

S. R. Prince, Wenham, first premium, 10 00

Lyman Holman, Salem, second premium, 8 00

183

IMPROVING WASTE LANDS.

N. N. Duinmer, Rowley, first premium, $15 00

GRAIN CROP.

Oliver P. Killam, Boxford, corn crop, first premium, 10 00

ROOT CROPS.

John H. George, Metkuen, onion crop, first pre-
mium, 10 00

John H. George, Methuen, potato crop, first premium, 10 00

Daniel Carlton, North Andover, cabbage crop, first

premium, 10 00

David Warren, Swampscott, squash crop, first pre-
mium, 10.00.

Cornelius Moyuihan, Newbury, turnip crop, second
premium,

SMALL FRUITS.

5 00

Lewis B. Davis, Amesbury, strawberry crop, first pre-
mium, 10 00

Daniel Stiles, North Andover, blackberry crop,* first

premium, 10 00

NEW MEMBERS.

Andrew Dodge, Beverly, for most new members, premium, 6 00

ESSAYS AND REPORTS.

M. Sumner Perkins, Danvers, essay, second premium, 10 00
George T. Morrill, Amesbury, report on carriages, pre-
mium 6 00
Miss Mary E. Williams, Salem, report on works of

art, premium 6 00

*This certifies that I have measured the land owned by Daniel Stiles and oc-
cupied by the blackberry vines entered with the Essex County Agricultural
Society for premium, and that it measures thirty six square rods.
No. Andover, Oct. 7, 1889. Albert Berry.

184

REPORT OF AWARDS BY COMMITTEE ON MANUFACTURES
AND GENERAL MERCHANDISE.

C. H. & J. Price, Salem, Hygienic Wine, gratuity $ .50

C. H. & J. Price, Salem, for Fancy goods, gratuity, 1.00

L. D. Haskell, Salem, for Anti-rattler, gratuity, 2.00

J. A. Room, Peabody, for Horse shoes, gratuity, 1.00
R. B. Pray & Co., Danvers, for Cigars and Tobacco,

gratuity, 2.00

R. E. Woollard, Amesbury, for Type Writer, gratuity, 2.00
I. M. Marshall, Manchester, for Engine Clock,

gratuity, 2.00
I. T. Webber, Beverly, for Gent's Clothing, gratuity, 1.00
Newell & Jewett, Ipswich, for Horn Novelties, gratuity, 3.00
H. P. Woodbury, Beverly, for groceries, gratuity, .50
J. M. Byrne, Salem, for Horse Shoes, gratuity, 1.00
Snow Rich, Salem, for Candy, gratuity, .50
F. H. Burnham, Ipswich, for Feed Bags, gratuity, .50
Murray & Carroll, Salem, for Hoof Expander, gratuity, 3.00
C. E. Marsh & Co., Lynn, for Soap, gratuity, .50
C. E. Brown, Beverly, for Birds and Animals, gra-
tuity, 2.00
E. A. Tierney, Salem, for Furniture, gratuity, 1.00
E. L. Blake, Peabody, for Canes, gratuity, .50
W. C. Bradstreet. Beverly, for Horse Shoes, gratuity, 1.00
Alden Webb, Beverly, for Electric Bells, gratuity, .50
I. R. Phelps, Salem, for Trimmings, gratuity, ' .50
C. Toppan, Salem, for Flax, Cotton and Ramie,

gratuity, 1.00
James W. Bond, Aaron Sawyer, P. A. True, G. B.
Bradley. — Committee.

OTHER AWARDS.

Awarded by Committee on Poultry, 67 00

" " " " Harrows, 10 00

" " " " Agricultural Implements, 40 00

185

Awarded by Committee on Carriages,
" " Dairy,

" Bread, Honey, etc.,

" Pears,

" Apples,

" Peaches, Grapes, etc.,

" Plants and Flowers,

" Vegetables,

" Grain and Seed,

" Counterpanes and Afghans, 25 00

" Carpets and Rugs, 30 00

" Manufactures from Leather, 31 00

" Fancy Work, 27 75

" Art Work, 30 00

" Children's Work, 13 00

$30 00
18 00
23 00
87 00
58 50
44 00
50 00

141 00
26 00

$1653 25

RECAPITULATION.

FARMS,

\ warded for improving Waste Land,

$15 00

" " Ploughing,

100 00

FARM STOCK.

Awarded for Fat Cattle,

$17 00

" " Bulls,

42 00

" " Milch Cows,

139 00

" " Heifers,

55 00

" " Heifer Calves,

19 00

" " Working Oxen and Steers,

36 00

" " Steers,

21 00

" " Horses,

222 00

" '; Swine,

84 00 •

" " Sheep,

22 00

.15 00

186

Awarded for Poultry, $67 00

" " Bees, 5 00

$729 00

FIELD AND EXPERIMENTAL

CROPS.

Awarded for Grain Crops,

$10 00

" Root Crops,

45 00

" Fruit Crops,

FARM AND GARDEN

PRODUCTS.

20 00

Awarded for Grains and Seed,

$26 00

" Vegetables,

131 00

" Fruits,

189 50

" Plants and Flowers,

50 00

" Honey,

3 00

$75 00

$409 50

DAIRY PRODUCTS.

Awarded for Butter, $18 00

DOMESTIC MANUFACTURE.

Awarded for Bread, Canned Fruits, etc.,

" " Counterpanes and Afghans,

" " Carpetings and Rugs,

" " Articles M'f'd from Leather,

" " Manufactures and General Mdse., 27 00

" " Fancy Work,

" " Works of Art,

" " Childrens' Work,

MISCELLANEOUS.

Awarded for Agricultural Implements,
" " Carriages,
" " Obtaining New Members,
" " Essays and Reports,

$1653 25

$15 00

, 27

$198

$50 00

$108

187

The amount of $1653.25 was awarded to 362 different indi-
viduals and firms in 30 different cities and towns in the county,
as follows, viz: — Amesbury, $71.50; Andover, $13; Beverly,
$279.25 ; Boxford, #32 ; Bradford, $178 ; Danvers, $157 ; Essex,
$17.75 ; Georgetown, $1 ; Gloucester, 50 cents, Grovehind, $6 ;
Hamilton, $19.50; Ipswich, $5.25 ; Lawrence, $86 ; Lynn, $62.-
75 ; Lynnfield, $5.50 ; Manchester, $3.50 ; Marblehead, $20 ;
Methuen, $20 ; Middleton, $45 ; Newbury, $79.50 ; Newbury-
port, 50 cents ; North Andover, $86 ; Peabody, $148.50 ; Salern,
$144.75 ; Swampscott, $22 ; Rockport, $9.50 ; Rowley, $44.50 ;
Topsfield, $6.50; Wenham, $46 ; West Newbury, $42.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

FAIR AT BEVERLY 1889.

Receipts for Admissions to Hall,

$1559 35

'■* " Dinner,

147 00

" " Grounds for Caterers, Swings, etc.,

142 50

" " Donations,

59.00

Expenses, including Tent hire and Dinner,

1907 85
1119 87

Amount paid Treasurer, 787 98

Corrections.— On Page 70, award to J. N. Bur-beck $2. instead of $}.
Page 86.— $1.00 gratuity; it should be to Mrs. Wilinot Vivian.
Page S9.— Near bottom of page— read cactus for cactics.
Page 108.— Near bottom -read blackberries for strawberries.

18 90.

PREMIUM LIST OK

ESSEX AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY,

FOK THE

Seventieth Annual Cattle Show and Fair,

To be held September 23c? and 24:th, in Beverly.

Duties of Trustees.

The Trustee of each town is instructed to see the several members of
Committees in his town previous to the Show, and urge upon them the
importance of attending to their duties. Also impress upon exhibitors
from localities near to the Exhibition, the importance of entering their
exhibits the afternoon and evening of Monday, in fairness to those from
a distance, who are obliged to come Tuesday.

To be prompt at the meeting in June for filling Committees, and at
the meeting of the society for filling vacancies in committees on the first
day of the Exhibition, making sure that the names proposed at those
meetings are of persons who will serve.

Duties of Committees.

Committees on live stock and articles exhibited on the Fair Grounds
should appear at the Secretary's office on the grounds, at one o'clock,
punctually, on the first day of the Exhibition, and there organize, take
the books of entry, and proceed at once to business. Committees in Hall
should take the books of entry from the Superintendent, promptly after
the entries close.

Full reports of awards by Committees, on the blanks furnished by the
Secretary, to be signed by all the members acting on the same, are re-
quired ]of each committee.

189

Three members of any committee consisting of more than that number
are authorized to act.

No member of the Society shall act on any committee of which he is an
exhibitor in the same class.

The Diploma of the Society being considered the highest premium that
can be awarded, no committee is authorized to award it, except for ani-
mals and articles of special merit, deserviug of endorsement and recom-
mendation by the Society.

No committee is authorized to award gratuities, except the committee
on agricultural implements, carriages, bread, honey, and canned fruits,
domestic manufactures, fruits, vegetables in Hall, and flowers; or any
premium.unless the rules of the Society have been strictly complied with.
Neither shall they award premiums or gratuities in excess of the amount
appropriated.
No gratuity is to be awarded of less than fifty cents.
The several committees are requested to affix premium cards, and also
on animals, blue, white, and red printed premium ribbons (which may be
had of the Secretary or assistant on the grounds and at the hall), for the
several animals or articles designating the grade of premium awarded
each, and the name of the person to whom awarded, and special care
should be taken that the cards issued correspond with the awards in their
report to the Society.

The reports of award of premiums on ploughing and on animals and
articles exhibited at the Show, must be delivered promptly to the Secretary
for announcement on Wednesday.

The Society offers liberal premiums for the best reports of committees;
and the chairman of the several committees are requested to present to
the Secretary a full report explanatory of the opinions of the committee
on the matter referred to them, within two weeks after the awards are
made at the Show, for publication in the Transactions. *

Reports on farms, crops, etc., to be presented previous to the meeting
of the Trustees in November.

Any member of a committee who cannot serve on the same is requested
to give notice to the Secretary, before the Shoiv, so that the vacancy may
be filled.

Each member of the several committees will receive a ticket of admis-
sion to the hall of exhibition, on application to the Secretary.

♦Chairman of committees will please notice this request,

190

General Rules.

Competitors are requested to carefully read the rules and premium list
before making entries.

Claims (entries) for premiums to be awarded at the. Exhibition on the
Fair Grounds, must be entered with the Secretary of the Society, or his
agent, on or before 9 o'clock, A. M., and in the Exhibition Hall, on or
before 11 A. M., of the first day thereof.

All claims (entries) for premiums on Fair Grounds, must be handed or
forwarded to the Secretary or his agent, in writing, previous to the day
of the Fair, if possible, or on or before f) o'clock, A. M., of the first day
thereof.

Any person not a member of the Society, awarded seven dollars and up-
wards, shall receive a certificate of membership, for which three dollars
of his award will be taken to increase the funds of the Society.

Diplomas awarded will be delivered and premiums paid, to the person
to whom the premium or gratuity is awarded, or an agent duly author-
ized, on application to che Treasurer, at First National Bank, Salem.

All premiums and gratuities awarded, the payment of which is not de-
manded of the Treasurer on or before the first day of September next
succeeding the Exhibition, will be considered as given to increase the
funds of the Society.

In all cases the reports of award of premiums and gratuities made by
the several committees and adopted by the Society shall be final. Com-
mittees should see that the premium cards issued, correspond with the pre-
miums and gratuities awarded in their reports.

No person shall be entitled to receive a premium, unless he complies
with the conditions on which the premiums are offered, and by proper
entry as required, gives notice of his intention to compete for the same;
and committees are instructed to award no premium unless the animal
or article offered is worthy.

No animal or object that is entered in one class, with one committee
shall be entered in another class, except town teams, fat cattle, working
> oxen, working steers, and farm horses, which may be entered for plough-
ing, and milch cows, which may be entered with a herd.

In regard to all subjects for which premiums are offered it is to be dis-
tinctly understood that the Trustees reserve to themselves the right of
judging the quality of the animal or article offered; and that no premium
will be awarded unless the objects of them are of decidedly superior
quality.

Pure Bred Animals, defined by the State Board of Agriculture.

191

The proof that an animal is so bred should be a record of the animal
or its ancestors, as recorded in some herd book, recognized by leading
breeders and the puhlic generally, as complete and authentic.

Standards adopted : — American Jersey C. C. Register and American
Jersey Herd Book, Ayrshire "Record and Holstein Herd Book.

Premiums to be Awarded at the Show.

The Committees will take notice that no premium will be awarded un-

less the animals or objects are of a decidedly superior quality.

Diplomas may be awarded for ANIMALS or articles of special
merit, in all departments of the Fair.

Cattle and Other Farm Stock.

TO BE ENTERED IX THE NAME OF THEIR REAL OWNER.

All animals, to be eligible to a premium, shall have been raised by the
owner within the County, or owned by the exhibitor within the County ,
four months previous to the date of Exhibition, except Working Oxen,
and Working Steers.

All animals, whether teams for, ploughing, or animals entered for pre-
mium or exhibition, will be fed during the Exhibition, and longer when
they are of necessity prevented from leaving, at the expense of the
Society.

FAT CATTLE.

Fat Cattle, fatted within the County, regard being had to manner of
feeding and the expense thereof, all of which shall be stated by the ex-
hibitor in writing, and returned to the Secretary, with committee's
report.
For Pairs of Fat Cattle, premiums, $8, 6, 3

For Fat Cows, premiums, $7, 5

BULLS.

•Ayrshire, Jersey, Short Horn, Devon, Holstein. Guernsey, or of any
other recognized breed, for each breed,

192

Two years old and upwards, premiums, $8, 4

Under two years, premiums, for each breed, $4, 3

Bull Calves under one year old, premium for each breed, $2

BULLS OF ANY AGE OR BREED.

For the best Bull of any age or breed, with five of his stock not less
than one year old, quality and condition to be taken into account, and
especially the adaptability of the animal to the agriculture of the County,
diploma and $10.

Note.— Competitors are required to give a written statement of pedigree,
and committees are requested to he particular in this respect, and return
them to the Secretary with report.

MILCH COWS.

For the best Milch Cow any age or breed, with satisfactory record in
quarts or pounds by her daily yield of milk for one or more years, pre-
mium, $15

For Milch cows, either Foreign, Native or Grade, not less than four
nor more than ten years old, with satisfactory evidence as to quantity
and quality of milk, either by weight or measure, during the evening or
morning of the first and last ten days of any month, premiums, $10, 4

Milch Cows, Ayrshire, Jersey, Devon, Short Horn, Holstein, Guernsey,
or any other recognized breed, four years old and upwards, premiums,
for each breed, $10, 4

For Native or Grade Cows, four years old and upwards, pre-
miums, $10, 4

For the Cows that make the most butter in an single week from June
1st to September 15th, premiums, $10,4

Note. -A written statement will be required of the age and breed of all

Milch Cows entered, and time they dropped their last calf, and when they will

next calve, the kind, quality and quantity of their food during the season, and

the manner of their feeding, which statement is to be returned to the Secre

tary with Committee's report.

HERDS OF MILCH COWS.

For herds of Milch Cows, not less than five in number, to be exhibited
at the Show, and a correct statement of manner of keeping and yield for
one year preceding the show, premiums, $18, 12

For the greatest produce of milk on any farm, in proportion to the
number of cows producing it, not less than four, from April 1, 1889, to
April 1, 1890, statement to be made of the exchanges made, manner and

193

expense of food, use made of milk, and such other facts as will illustrate
the entire management, special regard being had to the mode in which
the account is kept, premium. Diploma, and $15

Note — The above mentioned statements are to be returned to the Secretary
with Committee's report. The Committee can accept statements dating from
January 1st, preceding'tlie show.

HEIFERS.

First Class. — Ayrshire, Jersey, Short Horn, Devon, Holstein,

Guernsey, or any other recognized breed, under four years old, in milk,

premiums, for each breed, $9, 6

Two year olds of each breed, that have never calved,

premiums, $5, 4

One year olds of each breed, premiums, $5, 4

Heifer Calves, under one year, premiums for each breed, $5, 4
Second Class. — Native or Grade Milch, under four years

old, premiums, $9, G

Two years olds, that have never calved, premiums, $">, 4

One year olds and less than two, premiums, $5, 4

Heifer calves, Native or Grade, under one year old, premiums, $5, 4

WORKING OXEN AND STEEES.

Stags excluded. For pairs of Working Oxen under eight and not less
than five years old, taking into view their size, power, quality, and train-
ing, premiums, $12, 10. 8

For pairs of Working Steers, four year old, to be entered in the name
of the owner, premiums, $10, 6

Note.— The Committee aie required to consider the quality and shape of
the cattle.'as wed as their working capacity. The training of working oxen
and steers will be tested by trial on a cart or wagon containing a load weigh-
ing two tons for oxen, and 3000 pounds for steers. 4®"At the time of entry a
certificate of the weight of the cattle must be tiled with the Secretary.

TOWN TEAMS.

For Town Teams of Oxen, ten yoke or more in a team, pre-
miums, $20, 12

For Town Teams of Horses, ten or more pairs in a team,
premiums, $20, 12

.STEERS.

For pairs of three year old Steers, broken to the yoke, pre-
miums, $8, 0

194

For pairs of two year old Steers, premiums, $6, 5

For pairs of yearling Steers, premiums, $5, 4

For pairs of Steer Calves, premiums, $4, 2

STALLIONS.

First Class. — For Stallions for Farm and Draft purposes, four years
old and upwards, diploma or premiums, $10, G, 4

For Stallions for Farm and Draft purposes, three years old,
premiums, $8, 5

For best Stallion of any age, and five colts of his stock, not less than
one year old, quality and condition to be taken into,
account, Diploma and $15

Second Class. — For Stallions for Driving purposes, four
years old and upwards, premiums, $10, 6. 4

For Stallions for Driving purposes, three years old pre-
miums, $8, 5

For best Stallion of any age and five colts of his stock, not less than
one year old, quality and condition to be taken into account,

Diploma and $15

Note.— No stallion will be entitled to a premium unless free from all appa-
rent defects capable of being transmitted. All stallions entered In either
class must bave been owned by tbe exhibitor four months previous to the
exhibition.

BROOD MAKES.

First Class. — For Brood Mares for Farm and Draft Purposes, with
their foal not more than eight months old, by their side, pre-
miums, $10, 6, 4

Second Class. — For Brood Mares for Driving Purposes, with their
foal not more than eight months old by their side, premiums, $10, 6, 4

Note.— No brood mare will be entitled to a premium unless free from all
apparent defects capable of being transmitted.

FAMILY HORSES.

For Family Horses, premiums, $10, 6, 4

Note — No horse will receive a premium unless free from all unsoundness.

GENTLEMEN'S DRIVING HORSES.
For Gentlemen's Driving Horses, premiums, $10, 6 4

195
FAEM HORSES.

For Farm Horses, weighing 1200 lbs. and over, premiums, $10, 6, 4
For Farm Horses weighing less than 1200 lbs. premiums, $10, 6, 4'

Note— No horse will be allowed except thosu actually used on farms,
whether the owner has a farm or not. The weight of load to he itsed in trial of
Farm Horses is to be fixed upon by the committee ot arrangements for draft-
ing, the difference in the load for horses of 1200 lbs. and over, and those under
1200 lbs. to be 1000 lbs., and between the two classes of pairs 2000 lbs. No ob-
struction shall be placed either before or behind the wheels in trials of Draft
horses of either class. If this rule is not complied with the premiums shall be
withheld.

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES.

First Class. — For pairs of Farm Horses, weighiug 2o00 lbs. and up-
wards, (see above note) premiums, $10, 8

Second Class. — For pairs of Farm Horses, weighing less than 2500
lbs. (see above note) premiums, $10, 8

COLTS FOR DRAFT PURPOSES.

Fikst Class.— For Mare or Gelding four year old Colts, $8, 5, 3

For Mare or Gelding three year old Colts, premiums, $6, 3

Second Class. — For Stallion, Gelding, or Mare, two year old Colts,
premiums, $8, 5, 3

For Stallion, Gelding or Mare, yearling Colts, premiums, $5, 3

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES.

First Class.— For Mare or Gelding four year old Colts,
premiums, $8, 5, 3

For Mare or Gelding three year old Colts, premiums, $6, 3

Second Class.— For Stallion, Gelding, or Mare, two year old Colts,
premiums, $8, 5, 3

For Stallion, Gelding or Mare yearling Colts, premiums, $5. 3

SWINE.

First Class. — Large breeds, viz: Cheshire, Berkshire, Chester
County Whites, Poland China, Large Yorkshire, and any other breed
or grade weighing more than 300 lbs. at maturity.
For Boars, premiums, . $8, 5

For Breeding Sows, with their pigs by their side, premiums, $8, 5

For Litters of Weaned Pigs, not less than four, between two

196

and four months old, premiums, $8, 5

Second Class. — Small breeds, such as Suffolk, Essex, Small York-
shire, China, and any other breed or grade weighing less than 300 lbs.
at maturity.

For Boars, premiums, $8. 5

For Breeding Sows, with their pigs by their side, premiums, $8, 5
For Litters of Weaned Pigs, not less than four, between two

and four months old, premiums, $S, 5

SHEEP.

For flocks of sheep not less than ten in number, premiums, $10, 6

For best Buck, premium, $8

For lots of Lambs, not less than ^four in number, between four and

twelve months old, premiums, $6, 4

POULTRY.

For pairs of Fowls, Light Brahmas, Dark Brahmas, Buff Cochins,
Partridge Cochins, Black Cochins, White Cochins, Plymouth Rocks,
Dominiques, White Leghorns, Brown Leghorns, Dominique Leghorns,
Black Spanish, Hamburgs, Polish, Games, Dorking, Bantams, Black,
White, and Mottled Javas, Wyandottes, White Wyandottes, Andalusian,
Erminet, Langshangs, and Frizzle, and other recognized varieties, each
variety, premiums, $2, 1

For pairs of Chickens of above varieties, premiums, $2, 1

For the best breeding pen of each variety — Diploma of the Society.

For the best pairs of Native Fowls, premiums, $2, 1

Pairs can be exhibited in "breeding pens," by marking the competing
female (with a ribbon or colored string), which, with the male will form
the pair.

For lots of Turkeys, and Aylesbury, Rouen, Caouga, Pekin, White and
Colored Muscovey, and Brazilian Ducks, and Toulouse, Emden, Brown
China, and African Geese, premiums, $2, 1

For 10 or more Fowls exhibited, whether thoroughbreds, crossed or
mixed, with an account for one year, showing cost and method of keep-
ing, production and profit, premiums, $8, 6, 5

As above, with an account for six months, premiums, $5, 3, 2

For the best pair of dressed Fowls, Chickens, Ducks, and Geese, weight
to be given, premium for each pair, $2

For the best 12 Eggs from Asiatic. Ameriean, Game, French and
Spanish classes (Hamburgs, Polish. Dorkings to compete in the Spanish
class), premium for each class, $1

197

Any exhibitor interfering with the Judges in the discharge of their
duties or interfering with, or handling any specimen on exhibition, other
than his own, shall forfeit all claim be may have in the premium list.

All breeds exhibited separately and to be judged by the rules of the
"American Standard of Excellence."

For best exhibit of Poultry Appliances, $5

PLOUGHING.

General Note on Ploughing.— Stags are excluded. Teams must be entered
in the names of their owners, and only double ox-teams to have drivers. A
team consisting of one pair of oxen and a horse will he considered a double
team. The owners of separate teams may unite the same and he allowed to
compete for premiums. The ploughmen aud drivers must have been residents
of the County at least three months before the exhibition. Those who intend
to be competitors must give notice to reach the Secretary on or before Satur-
day previous to the show. The lands will be staked, but each ploughman will
be required to strike out his own lands in the presence of the "Committee on
Striking out Grounds for Ploughing," after halt-past nine o'clock on the morn-
ing of the trial. Ploughmen with land side ploughs are to back furrow three
furrows on each side of the stakes set, the last furrow to be of the depth re-
quired in the class. Ploughmen with swivel ploughs to turn the outside of
their furrow to the stakes on one side, and to flnisn one foot from the stake
on the other. Committees to note and report tue kind ot plough used.

Ploughing with Double Teams.— One-eighth of an acre, at least
eight inches deep, premiums, $10, 8, 6

Ploughing with Single Teams.— One-eighth of an acre, at least
six inches deep, premiums, $10, 8, 5

Ploughing with Horses. — With any form of Plougb, except Swivel,
one-eighth of an an acre, at least six inches deep, premiums, $10, 7, 5

Ploughing with Three Horses. — One-eighth of an acre, eight in-
ches deep, without driver, premium, $10

Same witli four horses, with driver, premium, • $10

Ploughing with Swivel Plough. — One-eighth of an acre, with
double ox-teams, at least eight inches deep, premiums, $10, 8

Same with single ox-teams at least six inches deep, premiums, $10, 8

Same with Horse teams, consisting of two horses, ploughing at least
six inches deep, premiums, $10, 8

Ploughing — Sulky Plough — For the best performances, taking into
account ease of draft, amount and quality of work, premiums, $10, 8

HARROWS.

For the best Harrow exhibited and its merits shown by actual test upon
the ploughed ground, ' $10, 8

Note.— Entry must be made with the Secretary betore the day ot the trial
with description ot Harrow.

198

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.,

For the best collection of Implements and Machines (no article offered
in collection will be entitled to a separate premium) Diploma and §10
Best Market Wagon, premium, $5

Best Farm Wagon, for one or two horses, premium, $3

Best Horse Cart, premium, $5

Best Hay, Straw, or Corn Cutter, premium, $1.50

Best Ox Yoke, complete, premium, $1.50

Best Fruit Evaporator, with sample of work, premium, $5

Best set of Horse Shoes, including those for over-reaching, interfering,
and stumbling horses, premium, $5

For implements not specified above, the Committee may at their discre-
tion award $40.

No premium or gratuity will be awarded for any Mower, Horse Rake,
Tedder, or other Machine or Implement, the merit of which can be
known only by actual trial in the field ; but manufacturers are invited to
offer the same for exhibition and inspection.

CARRIAGES.

For carriages built in the County, and exhibited by the manufacturer.
Diploma, and thirty dollars in gratuities, may be awarded by the Com-
mittee.

In Exhibition Hall.

Committees on articles exhibited in the hall should be especially care-
ful that the premium or gratuity cards issued with the names, and sums
awarded them, correspond with those in their reports to the Society.

Committees and Exhibitors will be governed by instructions, under
heading of "Duties of Committee," "General Rules," •'Premiums to be
awarded at the Show," see first pages, and under "Fruit," "Domestic
Manufactures,', and -'Flowers." ,

DAIRY.

For specimens of Butter made on any farm within the County the
present year, samples of not less than five pounds to be exhibited, with a
full account of the process of making and management of the Butter,
premiums, $8, 6, 4

199

For specimens of New Milk Cheese, made on any farm in the County
the present year, samples of not less than fifty pounds to be exhibited,
With statement in writing of the method of making and preserving the
same, premiums, $S, 6, 4

NotE.— Each lot presented for premium and the statement accompauying it,
must be numbered, but not marked so as to indicate the claimant; any public
or known mark must be completely concealed; nor must the competitors be
present at the examination.

To the person who shall furnish to the Society satisfactory evidence of
the greatest quantity of Butter made from any quantity of milk, being
the whole produce of any single cow, for the first week of June, July,
August and September next, stating the whole amount of Butter produced
in each week, also the time when the cow dropped her last calf, and her
feed and management all to be taken into account in making the award,
premiums, Diploma and $10, 5

Note.- The object in offering these last premiums is to elicit inqury as to the
value and quality of milk for the production of butter. As far as practicable
it is desirable that the race and pedigree of the cow shall be given.

BREAD, AND CANNED FRUIT.

For White Bread made of wheat flour, premiums, $3, 2 1

For bread made from Graham flour, premiums, $2, 1

For bread made from other grains, or other grains mixed with wheat,
premiums, $1.50, 1

All bread, entered for premiums, to be in loaves weighing not less than
one pound each, and to be not less than twenty-four hours old, with a
full written statement over the signature and address of the maker, stat-
ing the kind of floor used, quantity of each ingredient, how mixed, and
length of time kneaded and raised, and how long baked, which state-
ments on all premium bread are to be sent to the Secretary with report of
the Committee for publication.

For first and second best collection of Pickles, Preserved Fruits and
Jellies, made from products of the County, when premiums are awarded,
the method of making to be sent to the Secretary by the Committee, for
publication, premiums, $3, 2

For the first and second best five pounds of Dried Apples, grown and
dried within the County, with statements of process used and amount of
labor and time required in preparing and drying, such statement on pre-
mium fruit to be yiven to the Secretary for publication, premiums, $3, 2

In addition to the above, are placed in the hands of the Committee for
gratuities on other articles entered in this department, products of this
County deemed worthy, $5

200
BEES, HIVES, AND HONEY.

For first and second best display of Bees, Hives and Apiarian Imple-
ments, accompanied with a written description of the bees, hives, etc.,
number of hives in use and amount of surplus honey taken from them
during the season, premiums, $5, 3

First and second best Honey, ten pounds in comb and one pound of
same extracted, made in the County, with statement signed of kind of
bees and hive, and time of year when honey was made, premiums, $3, 2

Fruit.

All fruit must be entered in the name of the grower before 11 o'clock
on the first day of the exhibition, and each exhibitor must certify to the
same on the Entry Book, or on lists of the varieties of each class of fruit,
or be filed when entry is made. (Committees are not authorized to make
awards to those who do not comply with this rule )

Tables will be labelled in a conspicuous manner by the hall committee,
before the entry of exhibitors, with the names of fruit, for which pre-
miums are offered, all others of same class of fruit to be labelled miscel-
laneous. Exhibitors must place their several varieties of each class of
fruit where indicated by such labels, or be considered by the committee
as not competing for premium.

Plates of collections of fruit, when premiums are offered therefor, must
be entered and placed by the exhibitor on the table assigned for the ex-
hibit of collections of fruit.

To entitle exhibitors to receive premiums and gratuities awarded, they
are required (when requested by the committee) to give information in
regard to the culture of their fruit.

PEARS.

For best twelve specime of the following varieties, which are re-
commended for cultivation in Essex County: Bartiett, Belle Lucrative,
Bosc. Anjou, Angouleme, Dana's Hovey, Lawrence, Louise Bonne,
Onondaga, Paradise d'Automne, Seckle, Sheldon, Urbaniste, Vicar,
Cornice, Howell, and Clairgeau, each, premium, $3

Doyenne d'Ete, Gifford and Clapp's Favorite (ripening early), are re-
commended for cultivation, but no premium is offered.

For each dish of twelve best specimens of any other varieties, deemed
worthy by the committee, premium, $1.50

201

For best collection of Pears, recommended for cultivation, pre-
mium,} $6

In addition to the above, are placed at the disposal of the committee, to
be awarded in gratuities of not less than $1 each, $20

APPLES.

For best twelve specimens of the following varieties, which are re-
commended for cultivation in Essex County: Baldwin, Dan vers Sweet,
Tompkins King, Granite Beauty, Red Russet, Tolman's Sweet, Bailey
Sweet, Drap d'Or, Hubbardston, Hurlburt, Porter, Pickman Pippin,
Roxbury Russet, Rhode Island Greening. Sweet Baldwin, Gravenstein,
Hunt Russet, Smith's Cider, Snow, premium for each, $3

Red Astrachan, William's Favorite, Tetofsky and Sweet Bough are
recommended for cultivation, but no premium is offered (ripening early).

For best twelve specimens of any other varieties deemed worthy by the
committee, premium for each variety, $1.50

For best collection of Apples, recommended for cultivation,
premium, $6

For best t went y-f our specimens of any variety of Crab Apple deemed
worthy by the committee, $1.50

In addition, are placed at the disposal of the committee, to be awarded
in gratuities of not less than 1 each, $20

PEACHES, GRAPES, AND ASSORTED FRUITS.

For best nine specimens of Freestone, White Flesh, Yellow Flesh,
Essex County Seedling, each variety, *'j

For best collection of Peaches, premium, s:3

For best four bunches of Concord, Worden's Seedling, Brighton, Hart-
ford Prolific, Delaware, Martha, Moore's Early, Niagara, Grapes, each
variety, premium, $3

For Cold House Grapes, produced with not over one month's artificial
heat, premiums, si, :;

For best collection of ten varieties, not less than ten pounds in all,
premiums, *7

For best specimens of four bunches of Grapes, varieties other than
above, deemed worthy by the committee, premiums, $1.50

For baskets of Assorted Fruits, premiums, $ 1. .:

In addition, are placed at the disposal of the committee, to be awarded
in gratuities of not less than 50 cents each, s^5

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PLANTS AND FLOWERS.

liULES AND REGULATIONS.

1. All Plants and Flowers for competition and exhibition must be
entered for examination by the Committee on or before eleven o'clock, on
the first day of the Fair, and all such Plants and Flowers must have
been grown by the competitor, except native plants and flowers, and
flowers used in bouquets, and baskets of flowers and floral designs, all of
which (plants and flowers), must have been grown within the County.

2. When a certain number or quantity of Plants and Flowers is desig-
nated in the schedule, there must be neither more nor less than 'hat
number or quantity of specimens shown.

3. When only one premium from each exhibitor is offered for any ar-
ticle, only a single specimen or collection can compete, but when a
second or third premium is offered, one, two or three specimens or col-
lections may be exhibited for competition, but no variety can be dupli-
cated.

4. No premium shall be awarded unless the specimens exhibited are
of superior excellence, possessing points of superiority and worthy of
such premium, not eyen if they are the only ones of their kind on exhi-
bition.

5. No specimen entered for one premium shall be admitted in compe-
tition for another different premium.

6. Competitors will be required to furnish information (if the com-
mittee so request), as to their modes of cultivation, or in the case of
Native Plants and Flowers, where such were found.

7. All Plants exhibited for premiums must have the name legibly and
correctly written on stiff card, wood or some other permanent and suit-
able substance, and so attached to same as to be easily seen. Flowers
when specified to be named to comply also with above rule.

8. Plants in Pots to be entitled to premiums must show skilful cul-
ture in the profusion of bloom and in the beauty, symmetry and vigor of
the specimens; also Bouquets, Baskets, Design work, etc., must show
taste, skill, and harmony in arrangement, both as to colors and the ma-
terial they are made of, and purposes for which they are intended.

9. All flowers exhibited must be shown upon their own stem, flowers
in "Design" work alone excepted; and this exception if overcome and
avoided, to be taken into account by the committee in awarding the
premiums.

10. The Committee are authorized to award gratuities for any new
and rare plants and flowers or "Designs" of merit for which no premium

203

is offered, but in no case shall the total sum (premiums and gratuities
together), exceed the amount, §150,00, limited by the Society for this
department.

11. No member of the Committee for awarding premiums or gratuities
shall in any case vote or decide respecting an award for which such mem-
ber may be a competitor, or in which he may have an interest, but in
such case such member shall temporarily vacate his place upon the Com-
mittee, and such vacancy for the time being may be filled by the remain-
ing members of the Committee, or they may act without.

12. Attention is again called to above Rules and Regulations for
Plants and Flowers, and General Rules of the Society, and all articles not
entered in conformity therewith will be disqualified, and premiums will
be awarded only to exhibitors who have complied with said Rules, etc.

PLANTS.

Plants competing for these premiums must have been grown in pots,
Native Plants excepted, named, etc. See Rules.

For collections Flowering and Ornamental Foliage Plants, at least 25
specimens, premiums, $10, 5

For collection Palms, at least 5 specimens. 5 varieties, premium, $1
For collection Ferns (cultivated), at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties, pre-
mium, $1
For collection Dracenas, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties premium, $1
For collection Crotons, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, $1
For collection Fancy Caladiums, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties, pre-
mium, $1
For collection Gloxinias, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, $1
For collection Begonias, tuberous rooted, at least 5 specimens, 5 varie-
ties, premium, $1
Eor collection Begonians, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, $1
For collection Coleus, 10 specimens, 10 varieties, premium, $1
For collection Fuchsias, 5 specimens, varieties, premium, $1
For collection Cyclamen, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, si
For collection Geraniums, double, 10 specimens, 10 varieties, prem., $1
For collection Geraniums, single, 10 specimens, 10 varieties, prem., si
For collection Geraniums, fancy, 10 specimens, at least 5 varieties,
premium, $1
For collection Hibiscus, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, $1
For collection Carnation Pinks, 10 specimens, at least 5 varieties, pre-
mium, ' $1
For collection Calla Lilies, 5 specimens, premium, $1

204

For specimen English Ivy, premium, $1

For collections of wood of native trees in sections, suitable for exhibi-
tion, showing bark and the grain of the wood, all correctly named with
botanical and common name, at least 50 varieties, each variety to be
shown in two sections, one of which to be a cross section and neither to
be more than fou inches in length or diameter, premiums, $5, 3

FLOWEKS.

For collections of Cut Flowets, cultivated, 100 specimens, at least 50
varieties named, $5, 3

For collections of Cut Flowers, native, 100 specimens, at least 50 varie-
ties, namrd, $5, 3
For pair of Bouquets, for vases, green-house flowers, premiums, $2, 1
For pair of Hand Bouquets, green-house flowers, premiums, $2, 1
For pair of Bouquets, for vases, of native flowers, premiums, $2, 1
For pair of Bouquets, for vases, of garden flowers, premiums, $2, 1
For Basket of green-house flowers, premiums, $2, 1
For Basket of native flowers, premiums, $2, 1
For Basket of garden flowers, premiums, $2, 1
For arrangement of Native Flowers and Autumn Leaves prems., $3, 2
For Floral Designs, choice cultivated flowers, premiums, $5, 3
For Floral Designs, native flowers, premiums, $3, 2
For collections Japan Lilies, hardy, named, premiums, $3, 2
For collections Phlox, hardy perennial, named, premiums, $2, 1
For collections Pansies, at least 50 specimens, neatly and artistically
arranged, premiums, $2, 1
For collections of Native and Introduced Weeds, with common and
botanical name attached, premiums, ♦ $3, 2
For twelve Dahlias, large flowering, at least six varieties named,
premium, $1
For twelve Dahlias, Pompon or Lilliputian, at least six varieties, named,
premium, $1
For twelve Dahlias, single, at least six varieties, named, premium, $1
For twelve Petunias, double, at least six varieties, named, premium, $1
For twelve Gladiolus (spikes) at least six varieties, named, premium, $1
For twelve Japan Lilies, at least six varieties, named, premium, $1
For twelve Geraniums, double, at least six varieties, named, prem., $1
For twelve Geranium, single, at least six varieties, named, prem., $1
For twelve Phlox, hardy perennial, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, $1
For twelve Cannas, at least six varieties named, premium. $1

205

For twenty-four Carnation Pinks, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, $1
For twenty-four Verbenas, at least six varieties, named, premium, £1
For twenty-four Eoses, at least six varieties, named, premium, $1
For twenty-four Garden Annuals, at least twelve varieties, named,
premium, $1
For twelve Calendulas, at least two varieties, named, premium, $1
For twelve Asters, Double Victoria, premium, $1
For twelve Asters, Double, Truffaut's Peony flowered, premium, $1
For twelve Asters, Pompone, premium, $1
For twelve Pblox, Drummondii, in variety, premium, $1
For twelve Nasturtiums, at least six varieties, premium, $1
For twenty-four Pansies, in variety, premium, $1
For twenty-four Zinnias, double in variety, premium, $1
For twenty-four Marigolds, African, in variety, premium, $1
For twenty-four Marigolds, Dwarf French, in variety, premium, $ I
For twenty-four Petunias, single, in variety, premium, $1
For display of Coxcombs, in variety, premium, $1
For twelve Scabiosas, in variety, premium, $1
For twelve Delphiniums, in variety, premium, $1
For twelve Dianthus, (double, annual), in variety, premium, $1
For twelve Salpiglossis, in variety, premium, $1
For collection of Sweet Peas, premium, $1

VEGETABLES.

Rules for Fruit apply to Vegetables.

Beets — For best twelve specimens, Eclipse, Dewing, and Edmands,

premiums, each variety, $3

Carrots — For best twelve, short top, long Orange and Danvers Inter-
mediate, premium, each variety, $3

For best twelve, Short Horn Orange carrots, premium, $3

Mangold Wurtzels — For best six specimens, premium, S3

Flat Turnips — Twelve specimens. For best Purple Top and White

Flat, premium, each variety, $3

Ruta Bagas — Twelve specimens. For best Yellow and White, pre-
mium, each variety, $3

Parsnips — For the best twelve specimens, premium, $3

Onions — One peck. For best Danvers, Yellow Flat, and Red, pre.

mium, each variety, . $3

Potatoes — One peck. For best Early Bose, Beauty of Hebron. Clark's

No. 1, Pearl of Savoy, Early Maine, premium, each variety, $3

206

Cabbages— For best tbree specimens, Savoy, Fottler's Drumhead, Stone
Mason Drumhead, Red Cabbage, All Seasons, Deep Head, each variety,
premium, $3

For next best, each variety, premium, $2

Cauliflowers — For best three specimens, premium, $3

For next best, premium, $2

Celery — For best four roots, premium, $2

Sweet Corn — For twelve ears ripest and best Early, premium, $3

For best twelve ears in milk, Late, premium, $3

Squashes — For best three specimens, Marrow, American Turban, Hub-
bard, Marblehead, Essex Hybrid, Bay State, Sibley, Butman, each va-
riety, premium, $3
Melons — For best three specimens Nutmeg, Musk, Cassaba, Salmon
Flesh, each variety, premium, $2
For best two specimens Watermelons, premium, $2
Tomatoes — For best twelve specimens, Acme, Emery, Cardinal, Essex
Hybrid, Livingston, or any other variety, each variety, premiums, $3
For exhibition of greatest variety of Tomatoes, premium, $3
Cranberries — For pecks of cultivated, premiums, $3, 2, 1
For collection of vegetables, not less than three of a kind, pre-
miums, $8, 6, 4, 2
Placed at the disposal of the committee for whatever appears merito-
rious, $30
$^='No competitor for premium to exhibit more or less number of
specimens of any vegetables than the premiums are offered for.

Collections of Vegetables, where premiums are offered for a number of varie
ties, must be entered and placed, not less than three of a kind, by themselves
on the tables assigned for collections. No collection shall receive but one pre-
mium. Specimens of any varieties in such collections are not to compete
with specimens of the same variety placed elsewhere. Exhibitors of such
collections, however, are not prevented from exhibiting additional specimens
of any variety with and in competition with like variety. All vegetables must
be entered in the name of the grower of them.

Size of Vegetables,— Turnip Beets to be from 3 to 5 inches in diameter ; Onions,
2 1-2 to 4 inches in largest diameter; Potatoes to be of good size for family use;
Squashes to be pure and well ripened- Turban. Marrow, Hubbard. Marble-
head, each to weigh 8 to 16 lbs.

GRAIN AND SEED.

For best peck of Shelled Corn, Wheat, Oats, Barley, Rye, Buckwheat,

and Field Beans, each, premium. $1

For 25 ears of Field Corn, premiums, $5, 3, 2

207

For 25 ears of Pop Corn, premiums. $3, 2

For collections of Field and Garden Seeds, premiums, $8, 6, 4, 2

All grain or seed must have been grown by the exhibitor in the County
to receive premium.

Domestic Manufactures.

Contributors must deposit their articles at the Hall before 11 o'clock
on the first day of the Exhibition. Articles not thus deposited will not
be entitled to a premium. Gratuities will be awarded for articles of spe-
cial merit for which no premium is offered; but no premium or gratuity
will be awarded for any article manufactured out of the County, or pre-
vious to the last exhibition of the Society.

COUNTERPANES AND AFGHANS.

For Wrought Counterpanes having regard to the quality and expense
of the material, premiums, $4, 2

Gratuities will be awarded for articles belonging to this department,
the whole amount of gratuities not to exceed $25.

CARPETINGS AND RUGS.

For Carpets, haviug regard to the quality and expense of the mate-
rial, premiums, $4, 2

For Wrought Hearth Rug, having regard both to the quality of the
work and expense of the materials, premiums, $3, 2

Gratuities will be awarded for articles belonging to this department,
the whole amount not to exceed $25

ARTICLES MANUFACTURED FROM LEATHER.

For best pair hand made and machine made Men's Boots, Women's
do., Children's do., each, premium, $2

Best Team, Carriage, and Express Harness, each, premium, $5

$10 are placed at the disposal of this committee, to be awarded in gra-
tuities.

For the best exhibitions of Boots, and Shoes, manufactured in the
County, each, premium, Diploma of the Society.

MANUFACTURES AND GENERAL MERCHANDISE.

For displays of Bonnets, premiums, $4, 3

For Horn Combs, not less than one dozen, premium. $2

208

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be awarded in
gratuities not exceeding $3 in any one gratuity, $20

FANCY WORK.

of Domestic Manufacture not included in the above.

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be awarded in
gratuities not exceeding $3 in any one gratuity, $50

WORKS OF ART.

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be awarded in
gratuities not exceeding $3 in any one gratuity, $50

WORK BY CHILDREN.

For specimens of work performed by children under 12 years of age

exhibiting industry and ingenuity, premiums, $3, 2

At disposal of committee to be awarded in gratuities, $10

List of Premiums to be Awarded by the
Trustees in November.

FARMS.

Competitors for this premium must give notice of their intention to the
Secretary on or before June 15th, and the farms entered for premium will
be viewed by the committee twice during the year. Crops growing on
farms that are entered for premium, cannot be entered with another com-
mittee for separate premiums — except crop specimens exhibited at the Fair.
Any person desirous of having his farm inspected, without entering it
for premium, may make application to the Secretary, and it will be viewed
and reported upon by the commitee.

For the best conducted and most improved farm, taking into view the
entire management and cultivation, including lands, buildings, fences,
orchards, crops, stock, and all other appendages, with statements in de-
tail, relating thereto, premium, $30

IMPROVING WET MEADOW AND SWAMP LANDS.

For best conducted experiments relating to wet meadow or swamp
lands, on not less than one acre, the course of management, and the

209

produce, etc., for a period of two years at least, to be detailed, with a
statement of all the incidental expenses, premiums, $15, 10

Note.- The Committee is instructed to ascertain how many, if any, re-
claimed swamps in this County have been abandoned or haye returned to
natural grasses. Persons knowing of such are requested to notify the Secre-
tary or Committee.

IMPROVING PASTURE AND WASTE LANDS.

For best conducted experiments in renovating and improving pasture
land, other than by ploughing, so as to add to their value for pasturage,
with a statement of the same, premiums, $15, 10

For best conducted experiments renovating and improving waste lands,
so as to add to their agricultural value, with statement of the same, pre-
miums, $15, 10

No premium to be awarded to any person for a repetition of au experi-
ment in meadow, swamp or pasture lands, for which he has already re-
ceived a premium.

UNDER-DRAINING LAND.

For best conducted experiments in under-draining land, regard being
had to the variety of soil, sub-soil, and other local circumstances, premi-
ums, $15, 10

Note.— The same instructions under "Improving Wet Meadow and Swamp
Lands" apply to this Committee.

MANURES.

For most exact and satisfactory experiments, in the preparation and
application of manures, whether animal, vegetable or mineral, premi-
ums, $15, 10

COMPARATIVE VALUE OF CROPS AS FOOD FOR CATTLE.

For most satisfactory experiments upon a stock of cattle, not less than
four in number, in ascertaining the relative value of different kinds of
fodder used in feeding stock for milk and other purposes, with a state-
ment in detail of the quantity and value of the same, as compared with
English hay, premium, $25

FATTENING CATTLE AND SWINE.

For most satisfactory experiments in Fattening Cattle or Swine, with a
statement in detail of the process and result, premiums, $10, 5

210

GRAIN AND OTHER CROPS.

Claimants on Grain and Root Crops will be required to state the size
of the piece of land, when they enter, and conform to the following
rules: Entries of Grain Crops to be made on or before September 10th;
Root Crops on or before October 10; giving ample time for the crops to
be examined by the committee before harvesting. Statement to be made
in conformity with the following form, must be forwarded to the Com-
mittee previous to November 1st.

All calculations and figures given in reports of, and statements of
Crops are to be made on the basis of an acre, results in all cases, to be
given at the rate per acre.

In pursuance of authority delegated to the Board of Agriculture by
Chap. 24 of Acts 1862, Agricultural Societies receiving the bounty of the
State are required to make use of the following form, and be governed by
its conditions in the mode of ascertaining the amount of crops entered
for premium.
Essex Agricultural Society. — Statement concerning a crop of

, raised by Mr. , in the town of , , 1890.

What was the crop of 1888 ? What manure was used and how much ?
What was the crop of 1880 ? What manure was used and how much ?
What is the nature of the soil ? When, and how many times ploughed,
and how deep ? What other preparation for the seed ? Cost of plough-
ing and other preparation? Amount of manure, in loads of thirty
bushels, and how applied? Value of manure upon the ground ? (What
amount of Commercial Fertilizer used ? How used ? Value of same
when applied?) When and how planted? The amount and kind of
seed? Cost of seed and planting? How cultivated, and how many
times? Cost of cultivation, including weeding and thinning? Time
and manner of harvesting ? Cost of harvesting, including the storing

and husking or threshing ? Amount of crop, etc. Signed by ,

Competitor.

The committee, to whom is entrusted the award of the premiums on
field crops, may award them according to their judgment, but for the
purpose of furnishing accurate statistics for the benefit of agriculture,
shall select certain of the crops, and require the owners therof to
measure the land and weigh the crops accurately, giving to the committee
a certificate of the same, and give all possible information thereon over
their own signatures, and return the same to the Secretary of the Society,
to be published in the annual transactions.
In ascertaining the amount of crop, any vessel may be used and the

211

weight of its contents once, multiplied by the number of times it is filled
by the crop.

In measuring the land or weighing crops, any competent person may
be employed, whether a sworn surveyor or not, and must give certificate.

The certificate shall state the weight of all crops only in a merchanta-
ble state.

In ascertaining the amount of a hay crop entered for premium, the
measurement of the hay in the barn may be employed.

Riles of Measure Practiced and Adopted by the State
Board of Agriculture.

Wheat, Potatoes, Sugar Beets, Ruta Bagas, Mangold Wurtzels,

(50 lbs. to bush.
White Beans and Peas, 02 " "

Corn, Rye, 50 "

Oats, 32 "

Barley, Buckwheat, 48 " •'

Cracked Corn, Corn and Rye, and other meal, except Oat, 50 "
Parsnips, Carrots, 55 " "

Onions, 52 "

1. For the best conducted experiments of Rye, not less than twenty
bushels to the acre, fifty-six pounds to the bushel, on not less than one
acre, premiums, #10, 5

2. For best conducted experiments of Wheat, not less than thirty
bushels to the acre, sixty pounds to the bushel, on not less than one acre,
premiums, #10, 5

3. For best conducted experiments of Oats, not less than fifty bushels
to the acre, thirty-two pounds to the. bushel, on not less than one acre,
premiums, #10, 5

4. For best conducted experiments of Barley, not less than forty
bushels to the acre, forty-eight pounds to the bushel, on not less than
one acre, premiums, $10, 5

5. For best conducted experiments of Indian Corn, not less than one
acre, premiums, #10, 5

6. For largest quantity and best quality of English Hay, on not less
than one acre, regard being had to the mode and cost of cultivation, pre-
miums, #10, 5

7. For best yield of Field Beans, on not less than one-half acre, and
not less than twenty-five bushels per acre, premiums, #10, 5

212
ROOT CROPS.

1. For best conducted experiments in raising Carrots, fifty-five pounds
to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

2. For best conducted experiments in raising Parsnips, fifty-five
pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

3. For best conducted experiments in raising Ruta Bagas, sixty pounds
to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

4. For best conducted experiments on raising Mangold Wurtzels, sixty
pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

5. For est conducted experiments in raising Sugar Beets, sixty
pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

6. For best conducted experiments in raising Onions, fifty-two pounds
to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

7. For best conducted experiments in raising Potatoes, sixty pounds
to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

8. For best conducted experiments in raising Cabbages, premiums,

$10,5

9. For best conducted experiments in raising Squashes, premiums,

$10,5

10. For best conducted experiments in raising Summer English Tur-
nips for the market, premiums, $10, 5

Raised on not less than half an acre, and the quantity of crop to be
ascertained by weight; so far as practicable the crop to be free from dirt,
without tops, and in a merchantable condition at the time of measure-
ment.

Claimants for premiums on Grain or Root Crops must forward state-
ment to chairman of committee before Nov. 1st.

FOREST TREES.

1. For plantation of either of the following species of forest trees, viz:
White Oak, Yellow Oak, Locust, Birch, White Ash, Maple, Walnut, or
White Pine, not less than three years old, and not less than 1000 trees,
premium, $20

2. For plantation of not less than 600 trees, premium, $10

3. For ornamental trees, ten or more set on any street, road or farm,
and cared for five years, premium, $10

CRANBERRIES.

For best conducted experiment in the cultivation of the Cranberry, at
least two summers, on not less than twenty rods of land, with written

213

statement of the quantity and quality of the land, expense of planting.

weeding and culture, and amount of crops produced. Premium to be

paid in 1890 or 1891, $15

For best experiment, do., on not less than ten rods of land, prem. $10

For best do., on not less than five rods of land, premium, $5

STRAWBERRIES AND OTHER SMALL FRUITS.

For best crop of Strawberries, on not less than twenty rods of land, ex-
pense of planting, culture, crop, etc., stated in writing, premium, $10

For best crop of Currants, Raspberries and Blackberries, with state-
ment as above, premiums, each, $10

NEW WINTER APPLES.

For a new variety of Winter Apple, originated in this County, equal or
superior to the Baldwin, premium, $100

For a new variety of like character originating elsewhere, provided it
has been cultivated in the County sufficiently to prove it equal or supe-
rior to the Baldwin for general purposes, premium, $20

For a successful experiment in destroying the codling moth and other
worms destructive to the apple, premium, $25

Note.— Persons who consider themselves competitors will send Post Office
address to Secretary, and others in the County wishing to compete for above
must notify" Secretary, and furnish a full statement of their apple, and also
scions when called for under his directions, to be tested by the Society.

SEEDLING POTATOES AND EXPERIMENTS.

For best Seedling Potato, originating in Essex County, to equal in
yield, earliness, and quality, the Early Rose, and to surpass it in one or
more of these particulars, premium paid after three years' trial, $25

In testing the value of a Seedling Potato, the committee are instructed
to take sworn testimony of the cultivator with regard to the yield, after
having inspected the crop.

For the most satisfactory experiment to extend through five consecu-
tive years, to settle the following facts relative to raising potatoes : — pre-
mium, $50

1st. Will whole, medium sized Potatoes, yield better results than
pieces cut to two eyes?

2nd. What will be the result of continuously planting small-sized po-
tatoes of the same strain a series of years?

3rd. Difference between hilling and flat cultivation.

4th. Effect, if any, of cutting off seed ends before planting. ■

5th. Effects of deep and shallow planting.

214

6th. Raising from sprouts alone from same strain.

7th. Can potatoes having dwarf vines be planted nearer than others?

8th. Best distances apart for seed in the drill.

9th. To show the effect of covering the top with earth at several times
after they had come up.

To be raised on not less than a half acre of land, uniform in character,
and all to receive the same kind and quality of manure and cultivation,
and to be inspected by the committee at the time of gathering the crops.

ESSAYS AND FARM ACCOUNTS.

The Essays must be transmitted to the Secretary by the 1st of Novem-
ber, with sealed envelopes containing the names of their authors, respec-
tively, which shall not be opened by the committee, nor shall the names
be known to the committee until they shall have decided upon the merits
of the Essay.

For original Essays on any subject connected with Agriculture , in a
form worthy of publication, premiums, $15, 10, 8

For best statement of Actual Farm Accounts, drawn from the expe-
rience of the claimant, in a form worthy of publication, premium, $10

For Reports of Committees upon subjects for which premiums are of-
fered, premiums, $10, 8, 6

Committee— G. L. Streeter, Salem; JN. M. Hawkes, Lynn; D. E. Safford, Ham-
ilton; X. A. Hortou, Salem; Geo. W. Foster, Audover; D. W. Low, Gloucester.

LIBRARY.

Committee— Henry Wheatland, George M. Whipple.
Special Committee— Benj. P. Ware, David W. Low.

ENCOURAGING AGRICULTURAL LIBRARIES.

It shall be the duty of the Committtee to communicate with such per"
sons in the several cities and towns in the County, as, in their judgment,
will best encourage the establishment of, or improvement of, collections
of books, pamphlets, reports, essays, newspapers, ef.c, relating to agri-
culture, and request their aid in thus advancing the cause of agriculture,
and co-operate with such persons in promoting the object herein referred
to.

Committee— Francis H. Appleton, Peabody; Henry Wheatland, Salem; James
J. H. Gregory, Marblehead.

NEW MEMBERS.

For the person who obtains the largest number of new members for

215

the Society from any Town or City before the first day of November
next, premium, $6

Xote.— Names of new members, with name of person procuring them, can be
sent as fast as obtained, to tbe Secretary of the Society, who will make a rec-
ord of them.

Persons paying three dollars will receive a "Certificate of Membership"
which is for life No fines or assessments are ever imposed and members are
entitled to vote in all its transactions, with the free use of the Library and a
copy of the publication of the Society's transactions each year.

Committee— Secretary, David VV. Low, Gloucester.

TREADWELL FARM.

Comn.ittee-Bcnj. P. Ware, Marblehead; C. C. Blunt, Andover; B. P. Pike.
Topsfield; Win. Cogswell, Bradford; George B. Bradley, Methuen; David W,
Low, Gloucester.

AUDITORS.

Committee— J. Hardy Phippin, Salem; Benj. P. Ware, Marblehead; E. Pope-
Barrett, Peabody.

FARMERS' INSTITUTES.

Committee— Benjamin P. Ware, James P. King, C. C. Blunt, O. S. Butler,
Andrew Laue, D. W. Low.

DELEGATES.

From the Essex Agricultural Society to attend Exhibitions of Socie-
ties, Farmers' Clubs and Fruit Growers' Associations in Essex County,
and report any information that shall seem valuable for publication.

The Secretary to be notified of time of holding their exhibition, who
will notify the chairman of Committee to assign Delegate.

COMMITTEES.

All Committees, including committees to judge of Crops, of Exhibits at
Fair, and of the Arrangements for the Fair, are chosen by the Trustees at
their June meeting.

CONTENTS.

Address by Charles J. Peabody ... 3

69th Cattle Show and Fair . . . .15

Report of State Delegate of 1888 Fair ... 19
Report on Fat Cattle . ... 22

" « Bulls . . ... 23

" " Milch Cows . ... 24

Statement of Russell's Cows . ... 25

" " Ives' Cow . . ... 25

" " Shattuck Bros. Cow ... 26

Report on Herds of Milch Cows . . . .26

Statement of Russell's Herd of Holsteins . . 27

" " Hale's " " Ayrshires . . .28

" " " " " Guernseys . . 28

" " Phillips' " » Jerseys . . .29

Report on Heifers — First Class ... 30

" " " Second Class . . . .30

u it "Working Oxen and Steers . . . 31

" » Steers . . . . . .32

" " Stallions— Second Class ... 32

Report on Brood Mares . . . . .33

«• " Family Horses . . . . .33

Statements relating to "War Horse Daisy" . . . 34

Report on Gentlemen's Driving Horses . . 36

" " Farm Horses . . . . .36

" " Pairs of Farm Horses, First Class . 36

" " Pairs of Farm Horses, Second Class . 37

" " Colts for Draft Purposes, First Class . .37

" " Colts for Draft Purposes, Second Class . 38

" " Colts for General Purposes, First Class . 38

218

Report on Colts for General Purposes, Second Class . 39

" " Swine, First Class . 39

" " Swine, Second Class . 40

" " Sheep ..... 41

11 " Poultry . . . . . .41

" " Ploughing with Double Team . . 44

" " Ploughing with Single Team . . .45

" " Ploughing with Horses ... 45

" " Ploughing with Swivel Plough . . .45

" " Ploughing with Sulky Plough . . 46

" " Harrows . . . . . .46

" '* Agricultural Implements ... 47

Reports on Carriages .... 47-48

Report on Exhibition Hall by its Superintendent . 54

" k' Dairy . . . . . .57

" " Bread, Honey and Preserves,with statements . 59

" " Pears . . ... . .65

" " Apples ..... 67

" " Peaches, Grapes, and Assorted Fruits . . 70

" " Plants and Flowers .... 71

" " Vegetables . . . . .75

" " Grain and Seeds .... 79

" " Counterpanes and Afghans . . .80

" " Carpetings and Rugs .... 81

" " Manufactures of Leather . . .84

" " Manufactures and General Merchandise. . 184

" " Fancy Work . . . . .85

" " Works of Art .... 87

" " Children's Work . . . . .90

" " Improving Waste Land . . . 91

Statement of N. N. Dummer, Improving Waste Land . 92
Report on Grain Crops . . . . .92

Statement of Oliver P. Killam, Corn crop . . 94
Report on Root Crops . . . . .96

Statement of John H. George, Onion crop . . .98

219

Statement of John H. George, Potato crop
" " Daniel Carlton. Cabbage crop
" " David Warren, Squash crop
" " Cornelius Moynihan, Turnip crop

Report on Strawberries and other Small Fruits

Statement of L. B. Davis, Strawberry crop
" " Daniel Stiles, Blackberry crop

Report on Treadwell Farm
" " New Members

Essay on Poultry Farming, by M. Sumner Perkins

Report on Farmers' Institutes .
" i; Essays and Reports

In Memoriam .....

Constitution of the Society

Treasurer's Report ....

Officers of the Society

New Members ....

Changes of Members

Corrections of 1888 list of Members

List of Premiums awarded

Recapitulation of Premiums

Amount to each Town and City

Financial Statement, 1889 Fair

Typographical corrections

Duties of Trustees, Committees, and Exhibitors

Premiums offered for 1890

. 101

102

. 103

105

. 106

107

. 110

111

s . 112

121

. 152

154

. 169

172

. 173

171

. 175

176

. 177

185

. 187

187

. 187

. 188

191

TRANSACTIONS

FOR THE YEAH 1890,

(ORGANIZED 1818.)

COUNTY OF ESSEX,

IN MASSACHUSETTS,

AND ITS

Sixty-Eighth Annual Address,

Prof. JOHN W. PERKINS,

OF DUMMER ACADEMY, NEWBURY.

With the Premium List for 1891.

PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE SOCIETY.

SALEM, MASS. :

OBSERVER BOOK AND JOB PRINT,
I89O.

ADDRESS.

The membership of this Society has never, I believe,
been strictly confined to farmers. It has cordially wel-
comed those of other pursuits who have been sufficiently
interested in matters pertaining to agriculture to enjoy
the exhibits, the discussions, or even the companionship
of those whose business it is to cultivate the soil. And
so the Society embraces representatives of many callings ;
and its orator might choose any one of a wide range of
subjects, with a reasonable expectation of speaking to
some who would be especially interested in his theme.

Those who have addressed you in previous years, how-
ever, seem very properly to have remembered that, how-
ever hospitable the Society may have been in entertaining
strangers, it had maintained a loyalty to the purposes
which gave it birth. The subjects treated have been
closely and specially related to the farmer's interest.

I propose, on the present occasion, to speak of " Our
Common Roads," believing it to be a subject of great
importance to the farmer, and one that touches the inter-
est of every pursuit, even though it be no other than the
pursuit of pleasure.

The statement that " the standard of a people's civiliza-
tion maybe known by their roads," has been often quoted
and almost as frequently endorsed ; as have also the words
of Macaulay, that " Of all inventions, the alphabet and
printing press alone excepted, those inventions which

abridge distance have done most for the civilization of our
species." "Every improvement," he adds, "of the means
of locomotion benefits mankind morally and intellectually
as well as materially."

Judged by this criterion, our claims to civilization must
rank below that of other centuries ; and this is the more
remarkable from the fact that we are accustomed to pride
ourselves upon our superiority in the affairs of practical
convenience.

A former Governor of our Commonwealth, in his inaug-
ural address to the Legislature, used the following words :
"Closely connected with our agricultural and other promi-
nent interests is the system of public highways. Few
things are of greater importance to a community, or a
surer test of civilization, than good roads." " Those of
our citizens who have visited Europe are unanimous in
the opinion that our public roads are far inferior to those
of other countries, where the means of easy and safe
communication are better appreciated. The science of
road-making is apparently not well understood ; or, if it
is, the present modes of superintending the construction
and repair of roads are so defective that the public suffers
to an extent of which few are aware. It may be found,
upon investigating the cause of our miserably poor and
ill-constructed roads, that the laws relating to this subject
need revision, so as to give more uniformity in the con-
struction and repair of our highways. It is evident, also,
that the science of road-making should have a prominent
place in the course of applied mathematics at the Massa-
chusetts Agricultural College." The United States Com-
missioner of Agriculture, in his report for 1888, made
a similar comparison, using the following language:
" While our railway sy.-tem has become the most perfect

in the world, the common roads of the United States
have been neglected, and are inferior to those of any other
civilized countiw in the world. They are deficient in
every necessary qualification that is an attribute to a good
road; in direction, in slope, in shape and service, and,
most of all, in want of repair. By the improvement of these
common roads, every branch of our agricultural, commer-
cial and manufacturing industries would be materially
benefitted. Every article brought to market would be
diminished in price, the number of horses necessary as a
motive power would be reduced, and, by these and other
retrenchments, millions of dollars would be annually
saved to the public."

Testimony to the same effect might be multiplied at
great length. There are, to be sure, extenuating circum-
stances in the rapid and comparatively scattered nature
of our growth, which furnish sound reason why some
parts of our land should yet be far short of having per-
fected their highways ; but Eastern Massachusetts should
be among the last to offer any such excuse for her neglect.

The history of road-making has been a curious one,
presenting, as it does, long intervals when the application
of scientific principles, once far advanced, seems to have
been for centuries in a* state of arrested development, or
even to have become one of the " lost arts."

More than two thousand years ago, Rome had con-
structed a system of roads which, under constant and
trying use, with comparatively little repairs, lasted for
centuries, and parts of which still exist, a monument to
the engineering skill of that early period. But even the
Romans are not permitted to have the honor of origi-
nating this art, which they so magnificently developed.
The inhabitants of Carthage, we are told, stimulated by

the necessity of their sandy soil, had anticipated the
Romans by some centuries, and, according to some
authorities, Carthage had been anticipated by Egypt. I
believe that it is undisputed that the earliest road-maker
of whom we have any account was an Egyptian Pharaoh,
who constructed by forced labor a gigantic causeway to
convey materials for the erection of a pyramid.

The excellence of the Roman roads can be estimated
by the fact that travellers upon them could, it is said,
accomplish with ease a hundred miles a day. No less an
authority than Pliny relates that a Roman nobleman, in a
case of great emergency, drove two hundred Roman miles
in twenty-four hours. It has been cited as evidence of
the barbarism of succeeding centuries, that these roads,
constructed by consummate skill, were abandoned to the
destructive agencies of time and of the elements. When
the unity of the Imperial Power had been broken, the
unity of action in preserving the means of intercourse
between distant regions began to decay, and the mutual
independence of the governments which followed was
unfavorable to that concerted effort which might have
wrought to the great advantage of all.

In the course of centuries, however, the love of gain
and religious ardor manifested respectively in expanding
commerce and in long pilgrimages, made their demands
for improved means for traffic and travel. It is probable
that the spirit of the crusades may have done something
in this direction, in which the Roman love of conquest
had achieved so much ten centuries before. The prevail-
ing purpose of each epoch made the military chieftains
appreciate the value of good roads for the march of
armies. There seems, however, to have been little uni-
formity of system, and small progress in the art of road-
making until near the beginning of the present century.

7
In Mexico and Peru, we are informed that the Incas,
being destitute of beasts fitted for draught, had carried
mere foot-roads to the highest degree of excellence ; that,
in their construction, the builders had overome great
natural obstacles by means of high embankments, tun-
nels through living rock, long flights of steps hewn in
solid stone, and bridges, some of which were of masonry
and others proper suspension bridges of the tough fibre
of some of their native woods ; that these roads were so
nearly perfect that runners, relieving one another at inter-
vals of five miles, were able to convey light burdens one
hundred and fifty or two hundred miles a day. We read
that in France, to the end of the sixteenth century, " all
travelling was performed on horseback, the slowness and
discomfort of wheeled conveyances confining their use to
the transport of goods." An act passed in the reign of
Henry VIII. indicates that, in certain countries of Eng-
land, it was easier to open a new road than to repair an
old one. Between 1760 and 1774. four hundred and fifty-
two turnpike acts were passed; and from 1785 to 1809, a
period of twenty-four years, no less than one thousand
and sixty-two more. A perusal of the acts of the English
Parliament, concerning the matter of highways from this
time on, brings to view many curious and complicated
devices for distributing the responsibility of their mainte-
nance. The enumeration of some of these, did our pres-
ent limits permit, would be found interesting and amusing ;
and they seem likely to impress one with the conviction
that the problem of maintaining a system of public roads
upon an equitable basis of expenditure, has troubled our
ancestors, for many generations, quite as much as it trou-
bles us, having ever been among the most difficult in
which to achieve satisfactorv solution.

An especial feature of English legislation upon this
subject, during recent years, seems to be in the direction
of centralizing the responsibility mure than formerly ; that
is, instead of leaving the duty to the decision of each
parish, it has made it possible for several parishes to com-
bine into a district to be placed under boards of superin-
tendence, who are expected to employ professional sur-
veyors. Another noticeable tendency has been that of
changing the English turnpike to a free highway. This
latter change has no practical suggestion for us, as all our
county roads have for years been free.

The other tendency, however — that of distributing the
responsibility over a wider area — suggests a measure
which has long seemed to us worth a careful considera-
tion, as one which, for our main thoroughfares, might be
adopted with more of justice than that of our present
custom, and with a prospect of better results than those
we now experience.

Instituting a comparison between the English roads and
those in our own State, a late distinguished citizen of
this Commonwealth expressed the conviction that the
English horse, employed on the streets of a city or the
roads of the country, did twice as much work as is done
by our own horses similarly employed in this State ; and
he goes on to say that this is not because the English
horse is superior, or overworked, but because Englishmen
have invested in perfect and permanent roads what we
expend in perishable horses that require to be fed. What-
ever a people who have reached a desired result may
think that they have learned by experience in its achieve-
ment, is worthy of the attention of others who aim at the
same end.

As our own system is now administered, it is possible,

and a thing not altogether unknown, for a town, by it&
neglect, practically to nullify, in a great degree, the lib-
eral and intelligent expenditure of neighboring towns.
The worst part of a road, like the weakest link of a chain,
compels one to adapt his load to that particular locality ;
and, since the conclusions of practical scientific engineers
inform us that the amount of tractive force necessary to
draw a load of' a certain weight over a level surface, newly
covered with gravel of four to six inches in depth, is six
times as great as that required to draw the same upon a
road of broken stone in good condition, we may clearly
see how one town may, by the bid condition of its roads,
be the means of laying a heavy tax upon all who team
through it. An enlarged area of authority would cer-
tainly tend to relieve this troublesome lack of uniformity.
It would also aid in giving to each town its just propor-
tion of the burden of repairs — a burden which a; present,
for at least two reasons, is very unequally borne. One
part of this inequality lies in the fact that the material
for making good roads is much less easily obtained in
some localities than in others ; another, that the amount
of "through travel" varies greatly in various towns.
This kind of travel seldom brings any benefit to the town
through which it passes, while, if it be that of heavily
loaded teams, as it often is, the damage it does to the
main thoroughfares may equal, or even exceed, that done
by the citizens of the place who have to repair the roads.
Another consideration in favor of a larger organization
for road repairs, is in the greater facility with which sev-
eral towns might combine in the ownership or employ-
ment of the most improved but somewhat expensive
machinery, such as stone crushers and steam roller's, and
also in the employment of trained professional skill in
superintending repairs.

As another point in favor of this change, we would
suggest that it would be likely to lead to something like
constant repairs, instead of the custom now common of
doing all this work within a few consecutive weeks, and
for the rest of the year practically letting the roads dete-
riorate as they may. By repairing only once or twice a
year, the result is that we have a thoroughly good road at
no time. It is so bad, just after repairs, that every one
tries to avoid the mended portions, as far as practicable ;
but after a time they become passable, and perhaps satis-
factory, and then too often are permitted to deteriorate,
until they reach the state which had before made repairs
a necessity. By a more constant supervision, might we
not have a good road the year round, and at even less
expense?

The tables of results given by engineers, where the two
systems have been tried, are significant and seem con-
clusive. One of these authorities, speaking of this
change in the system of repairing roads in a part of Ger-
many, said some years ago : " It costs no more to keep
the roads in repair now than it did twenty years ago,
when this method of continual repairs was not in use,
although labor is more than three times, and materials are
twice as dear as they then were."

To attempt to point out in detail the present prevailing
defects in our highways, may appear hardly modest in one
who has to confess that he never had more than a very
limited experience in road-making or road-repairing. But
there are some faults so obvious and so common, that for
one, in speaking on the subject of roads, to leave them
unmentioned might seem a neglect of duty.

What has ever appeared to us one of the most exasper-
ating pieces of folly in the labor upon our highways, is a

1 1

species of work which, though less common than formerly,
we still see clone somewhere in our county almost every
spring. We allude to the custom of ploughing up the road-
side, and spreading the loosened material on the roadbed,
irrespective of the consideration whether the material be
gravel, sand, clay or loam; or, if there be stones amongst
it, whether these be smooth or broken. That this curious
method of repairs is not confined to any one locality,
would appear, aside from our own observation, from an
article in the New York Nation, which, though not very
recent, sets forth this process so graphically that I will
ask your pardon if I quote in part the author's words.
After stating that the season for riding had set in, the
writer goes on to say:

" The road-makers, contractors and selectmen accordingly so to
woik with great zeal and assiduity to put the public highways in
order, and the way in which they attempt to do this is so extraordi-
nary that nothing but long habit prevents the public from enjoving
the absmdity. Most city readers, even, are probably aware that
roads' being slightly elevated, there runs along on each side of them a
hollow or ditch, into which the rains sweep most of the mud from
their surface, as well as the mould from the adjoining fields, the dead
leaves from the trees, and a large quantity of other decaying or
decayed vegetable matter. These form, consequently, on the road-
side, deposits of soil or manure of great value for agricultural pur-
poses, and which farmers, if they are wise, would cart away and
spread ov< r their weary fields. It accumulates without disturbance
through the summer, fall and winter, and in the spring comes the
road-mender, with a plough and yoke of oxen, and carefully spreads
it on the middle of the highway, wherever he sees a hollow place.

" Most intelligent foreigners who witness this process, and are not
familiar with the agricultural theory of roads, are apt to imagine
that it is dictated by malice or carelessness — that the farmer wants
to clean his ditches out, and, to save himself trouble, dumps the con-
tents in the road, in sheer indifference to the comfort or convenience
of travellers. And nobody who was familiar with the result could
honestly say that the suspicion was entirely unjustifiable, for the
stuff that is thus put on never hardens. After rain, it becomes quag-
mire; two or three days of sun converts it into du«t, which horses
and wheels raise into thick clouds, rendering driving in dry weather
something only to be undertaken under pressure of necessity. It is
not unnatural to ascribe the puttiDg of it in to malignity or selfish-
ness."

These words, us applied to our general system of
repairs, are of course exaggerated. But tor what we may
still too frequently witness every year, they are much
nearer to a faithful description than to an extravagant
caricature. It", in palliation, some one pleads with the
player in Shakespeare, " I hope we have reformed that
indifferently with us," let us unite to reply, in the words
of Hamlet, " O reform it altogether. "'

Another fault, far less offensive, though more common
among us than the preceding, is that of excessively crown-
ing or rounding up the centre of our roadbeds. The
objection to such a construction is, that it makes an equit-
able distribution of the travel over the surface impossible,
and, after a time, by compelling the wheels to go in nearly
the same place, produces ruts ; or it' for aiiy reason loaded
teams are compelled to turn aside, the peculiar shape of
the road-bed throws an undue pressure upon the outer
wheels, subjecting them to a severe strain, while the
sliding sidewise pressure thus produced increases both the
draught and the wear of the road. Besides, if the loads
be bulky, like hay, they are in danger of being seriously
racked on one side, or of being upset on the spot. That
particular kind of abomination which we call " cradle-
holes," you will notice, are most likely to appear on roads
where there is a considerable amount of travel. So we
come across them more frequently in or near our villages,
and the unpaved portions of our cities, than in the remote
byways of country towns. These should always be
attended to when they begin to appear, ami, in fact, fur-
nish one of the most striking illustrations of the necessity
for that constant supervision of which we have spoken
before. The deeper these become, the greater the force
of the impact with which every passing wheel goes

thumping to their bottom ; and thus they grow worse in
a constantly increasing ratio the longer the}' are neglected.
Another and somewhat widely prevalent evil in our
roads, especially where the material which enters into
their construction is largely clay, is the lack of adequate
under drainage. We are disposed to think that in sur-
face drainage there has been improvement. Long rains
or sudden showers do not so frequently as in former
}-ears reduce our hillside roads to a state well nigh
impassable. But there are miles upon miles of road in
our county, some of them in thoroughfares much trav-
elled, where for several weeks in the year one can with
difficulty trot his horse in a light buggy, and where the
trouble could be largely and permanently removed by a
skilful employment of the means of which we are now
speaking. We believe the expense would, in a very few
years, be more than compensated by the removal it would
bring of that indirect tax which we all have to pay when-
ever we ride or team over these roads. We know of such
a road in one of the thriving towns of this county. It is
perhaps an eighth of a mile in length, and lies near the
centre of the town's population. Over it there pass and
repass scores of vehicles, some light and others heavily
loaded, almost every day of the year. If you were to
view that spot a few hours about the first of next April,
unless the spring should be an exceptionally favorable
one, you would be likely to witness vehicles sunk nearly
or quite half to the axles in adhesive mud, horses having
to struggle to get through with even empty wagons, har-
nesses strained and snapping asunder, parts of loads thrown
off or entire loads abandoned in despair, and men express-
ing their objurgations of the town authorities in terms
which strongly imply the hope that they might not be

with them in the world to come. And yet this piece of
road is so situated that an underdrain throughout its
entire length could find a favorably inclined outlet at
either end. The difficulty concerning such an abomina-
ble state of things as we endure in cases like this, seems
to be that we have no proper standard of what a road
should be. Whenever a traveller complains, he is reminded
by some one that it is the spring of the year, that the frost
is coming out, that there is a good deal of clay in the road,
that the weather is unfavorable for roads, and other sim-
ilar explanations are given. But rarely is it implied that
man could do more than has been done to abate the annual
blockade.

As one antidote to such supineness, we would recom-
mend the reading of the report of the committee of the
town of Newton made to a town meeting some years ago.
The committee had been raised to bring in a report upon
the appointment of an engineer, and it reported favorably.
Some years previous, the town of Waltham had made lib-
eral expenditures upon its roads, macadamizing its princi-
pal streets, and had adopted a system of constant repairs.
In making a comparison between the roads of the two
towns, the committee say that the year before it had cost
the town of Waltham, for repairs and cleaning off snow,
not over $80 a mile, while the town of Newton had
expended for the same purpose $176 a mile. " It will be
seen," say the committee, " that our system of partial or
incomplete repairs is twice as expensive." The report
further says : " Your committee visited Waltham and
found the broken stone road dry and hard. It will sus-
tains loads of six tons without being cut into ruts.
Returning, we came through Waltham street, and, observ-
ing the instant we passed from town to town in the

changed character of the road, we passed on to Newton-
ville over our fine old avenue. The first road required
scarcely any mending. The last one was cut up with
ruts, and full of mud, and workmen were dumping gravel
from four to six inches deep on it. On the Waltham road
it required one fortieth the weight of the load (say twenty
pounds) in tractive force to draw it, while on the main
road of Newton it would have required one eighth of the
load (100 lbs.) in tractive force to draw it. That this
criticism is not especially in the interest of persons driv-
ing in light carriages and for pleasure, may be seen from
the fact — as demonstrated by careful and extended experi-
ment— that the resistance to the onward motion of the
carriage, arising from roughness of the road, is always in
proportion to the weight of the carriage. A double weight
will offer double resistance, a triple weight triple resist-
ance, and so on." Now when, in the face of facts like
these, some good citizen implies that the explanation of
the intolerable state of some of our roads, for some weeks
of the year, is in so-called "natural causes," we demur.

We somehow strongly suspect that human inefficiency
in the matter has something to answer for, and with only
a change of the proper name would reply, in the words
of Cassius,

'• The fault, dear Brutus, is not iu our stars,
But iu ourselves."

We ought not to be satisfied with the condition of any
main road, on which any day of the year when it is free
from snow drifts, a horse may not travel at very near his
ordinary speed. So obvious and manifold are the bene-
fits which good roads bring to a community that from
very early times men have regarded those associated "with
their projection with the highest honor and gratitude.

Among the ancient Greeks the care of the roads was
one of the specified, personal duties of kings; while the
Romans testified to the veneration with which they
regarded those who opened this means of intercourse, by
giving to their highest religious officer a name derived
from this service, — the word, Pontifex, which was the
regular title of the Roman High Priest, and is the word
from which we have the English word pontificate, literal-
ly meaning bridge builder. Among the Mohammedans
and in mediaeval Europe to make such provision for the
safety of way fares was esteemed an act of charit}* and
devotion which ranked with the establishment of temples
and hospitals, and constituted a claim to the honors of
canonization.

We once heard America's most famous pulpit orator of
his time specify the making of good roads as among the
natural fruits of the Christian spirit. For us who are
to-day citizens of the cities and towns of this county, the
improvement in our roads means, as it ever meant for
other people in other lands, a more advantageous inter-
change for purposes of traffic and a closer union of fellow-
ship. In some degree it helps to solve the problem of
bringing into nearer relations the producer and consumer
of the products of our farms.

The lines of railroad have in a great measure super-
seded the custom of a generation ago, when the farmer
sold his produce from door to door to his city customer.
But there are still considerable numbers who insist upon
receiving their farm commodities, as far as possible, from
the hand that produces them. Within a very few years
we have known of some who carried this preference so
far that they willingly paid their market man a greatly
advanced price, even for such a commodity as corn meal,

for the sake of having that which they could be sure was
of eastern production. And it is safe to say that almost
ever}7 family has something of a similar preference and
would gladly pay for its gratification.

But not less would such improvements be for the
mutual advantage of city and country by the increased
inducement it would open to our city friends to make their
homes for a shorter or longer period of each year among
the natural attractions of our country towns. No public
expense can do more to make our towns attractive to this
class of people than just this improvement of which we
speak. Very few people ever ride in the steam cars for
pleasure. In a certain pretty direct way the modern ap-
plications of steam and other appliances by which the
rapid transaction of business is facilitated, all contribute
towards making the increasing use of our roads for the
purpose of pleasure-driving almost a necessity. A cen-
tury ago whenever a man had pressing business in a dis-
tant city, he was obliged by some sort of conveyance to
take a journey over the road. This gave him a somewhat
ju'otracted outing. Now, however, he does not perhaps
go from his office. He simply dictates a telegram, or
presses a button and talks through a telephone. So far
^.s the necessities of traffic are concerned the habits of
business men have been growing more sedentary.

Meantime the physical and mental necessities of man
have not greatly changed, one of these being, as it ever
has been, that for his best condition, he must be much in
the open air. For increasing numbers this demand is
most pleasantly met behind a free horse on a good road.
It is related of Dr. Johnson, that as he was once being
whirled in a post-chaise over a beautiful road, he declared
he was enjoying one of the greatest pleasures of life.

18
And in this taste, we fancy that the eccentric doctor was
much like the majority of men.

In one very important respect the common roads of this
county are particularly inviting to those who ride for
pleasure, in that so many are winding in their course.
For, however convenient a straight road may be for pur-
poses of business, when it comes to pleasure-driving most
of us prefer a road that winds and curves and seems to
lead nowhere in particular.

" Kound and round, over valley and hill
Old roads winding, as old roads will,
Here to a ferry and there to a mill."

Not long since a citizen of this county, who had been
invited to consider the question of accepting a position
possessing many attractions elsewhere, gave as one of his
strongest reasons for his reluctance to make the change
that he and his family would feel homesick without the
winding driveways of Old Essex. The keeping these
roads in a state of thoroughly good repair would make
the pleasure of driving over them equal to that enjoyed
in the most elaborate parks. For it is altogether doubtful
whether our parks became popular resorts for driving so
much for anything else that the hand of man has done in
them, as because of the perfection of the roads which are
found there. In this connection account must be taken
of those modern inventions — the bicycle and tricycle.
The great improvement in these machines and their re-
duced price are bringing them into popular use among
people of all ages and both sexes. They are sensitive
detectives of any imperfections in their path. And towns
which would win the favor of the numerous multitude
already using them must attend to the condition of their
roads.

As an additional ground for improving our highways,
we would urge that such improvement would be directly
in the interest of harmony between different classes of
citizens. We all know that among those who dwell in
the more thinly populated regions of our towns and
cities, there often exists a feeling that in proportion to the
advantage they receive from the public expenses, they
have to bear more than their share of the burden of tax-
ation. Regarded with perfect candor this feeling is not
altogether unnatural. In many of these places a consid-
erable amount of the public funds is appropriated for
sewerage, for sidewalks, for street lighting, for water
works, for the fire department, and for an expensive town
hall.

Those at the centre have the direct advantage of all
these, while that obtained by those living more remote is
indirect and often next to nothing at all.

The latter class, however, for the most part, own prop-
erty which cannot easily escape taxation, while many at
the centre pay only a poll tax, and some of the more
wealthy are suspected of holding property which does not
appear upon the books of the assessor. In this state of
things there is a demaad on the part of the farmers that
they have in their own locality, at the public expense,
two things — good schools and good roads. The demand
is a just one, and should always be met with a liberal
spirit.

Now the one serious question in regard to what has
been said is one concerning the increased expenses of the
desired improvement. And in reply we would say that it
is not altogether certain, indeed it is hardly probable, that
through a series of several years even the direct tost
would be greater than it now is.

And if we consider the indirect tax in the way of

horses, harnesses and loss of time which bad roads impose
upon us, it is altogether probable that the best roads may
prove the least expensive. As a further reply we would
suggest that the expenses might be greatly reduced by
employing upon the needed improvements the labor of our
convicts in our houses of correction. The proper employ-
ment of convict labor has ever presented a somewhat
difficult problem. In recent years it has become more
complicated by the demand made concerning it on the part
of labor reformers. The kind of employment we now
speak of is recommended for consideration on the ground
that it would require little expense in the way of machin-
ery or tools ; that it is so simple that all could engage in
it who are able to perform manual labor of any kind ; that
it would be easily supervised, and that in the least degree,
if at all, would it come in conflict with the interests of free
labor. I am informed that we have in this county not far
from three hundred convicts who could be at once avail-
able for such work. Probably the average number would
not be much less. It seems lfardly too much to assume
that such a force properly employed, might in a few years
at no great increase of expense, give throughout our
county, macadamized thoroughfares and a system of cross
roads which should be equal to the best now seen in any
part of the State.

With this suggestion we take leave of our theme, fully
aware that we have not treated it exhaustively though we
begin to fear that we may have done so exhaustingly.
Our aim has been to throw out some hints, familiar to us
all as separate facts, in the hope that when presented to-
gether they might possibly start trains of thought that
would lead to practical measures for our common good.

SEVENTIETH

Annual Cattle Show and Fair.

Show and Fair of this Society opened Tues-
day, Sept. 23rd, 1890, for the second time at Beverly,
under the most favorable circumstances, the weather being
all that could be desired and the people of the town doing
what they could to make it a success.

The entries on the show grounds and in the hall were
in excess of last year, and there was a large attendance of
people to witness the different trials of draft, &c.

In the ploughing match this year there were fifteen en-
tries and all seemed to be interested in the active competi-
tion among the ploughmen, and some excellent work that
was a credit to the farmers of Essex County was done.

In the exhibition hall, the entries and exhibits were up
to the usual standard with the exception of apples, and
the show of them was good, considering the season.

On Sept. 24th, the annual address was delivered by Prof.
John W. Perkins of Dummer Academy, Newbury, before a
large gathering of members and others in the First Baptist
Church, and although not pertaining strictly to agriculture,
but treating of something that every farmer likes, " good
roads," was very interesting and instructive.

The Scripture reading and prayer by Rev. Mr. Hoyt of
Beverly Farms, was appropriate for the occasion, as was
also the excellent singing by the choir.

After the conclusion of the services in the church, the
annual dinner was served in the vestry, after which
President Ware made some introductory remarks, and
introduced Hon. Daniel Needham of Groton, Dr. Wil-
liam PI. Bowker, delegate from the State Board of Agricul-
ture, Hon. William R. Sessions, Secretary of the State

Board of Agriculture, Hon. 0. B. Hadwin of Worcester,.
Hon. George B. Loring, Hon. Warren Brown, President of
the New Hampshire Agricultural Society, Prof. John W.
Perkins and Rev. Mr. Hoyt, all of whom contributed very
pleasant remarks in praise of the Society and its work,
adding greatly to the entertainment.

The entries in the several departments of the Fair for
1890 and 1889 at Beverly, are tabulated for comparison as
follows :

STOCK, IMPLEMENTS, ETC. ON
Class.

Fat Cattle,

Bulls,

Milch Cows,

Herds of Milch Cows,

Heifers, First Class,

Heifers, Second Class,

Heifer Calves, First Class,

Heifer Calves, Second Class,

Working Oxen and Steers,

Town Teams,

Steers,

Stallions, First Class,

Stallions, Second Class,

Brood Mares, First Class,

Brood Mares, Second Class,

Family Horses,

Gentlemen's Driving Horses,

Farm Horses,

Pairs of Farm Horses, weighing

2500 lbs. and over,
Pairs of Farm Horses weighing

less than 2500 lbs.,
Colts for Draft Purposes,
Colts for General Purposes,
Swine, First Class,
Swine, Second Class,

FREE SHOW

GROUNDS.

Entries
in 1890.

From
Different Entries
Places in 1889.
in 1890.

From
Different
Places
in 1889.

•I
O

Class.

From From

Entries Different Entries Different
in 1890. Places in 1889 Places

Sheep,
Poultry,
Harrows for trial,

2
109

in 1890.
1

9
2

92
3

in 1889.

2
7
2

Agricultural Implements,
Carriages,

234

120

5
5

Ploughing,

Total on Free Show Grounds

458 23

440

EXHIBITS IN HALL
Class.

Dairy,

Bread, Canned Fruit and Pre-
serves,

Bees, Hives and Honey,

Pears,

Apples,

Peaches, Grapes and Assorted
Fruit,

Flowers,

Vegetables,

Grain and Seed,

Counterpanes and Afghans,

Carpetings and Rugs,

Articles Manufactured from
Leather,

Manufactures and General Mdse

Fancy Work,

Work of Art,

Work of Children under 12
years of age,

AND ANNEX.

From From
Entries Different Entries Different
in 1890. Places in 1889. Places
in 1890. in 1889.

216

207

178

125

105

155

327

317

119

111

103

, 29

329

306

178

153

60 12

38 10

1925 32 1633 29

Grand total, 2383 entries from 31, out of 35 towns and
cities in Essex County, against 2073 entries from 30 cities

and towns last year. Georgetown, Methuen, Merrimac and
Naliant did not have exhibits this year. The entries were
from Andover, 18 ; Arnesbury, 28 ; Beverly, 811 ; Boxford,
30 ; Bradford, 8 ; Danvers, 333 ; Essex, 14 ; Gloucester, 6
Groveland, 8 ; Hamilton, 16; Haverhill, 15 ; Ipswich, 20
Lawrence, 6; Lynn, 104 ; Lynnfield, 2 ; Marblehead, 26
Manchester, (3; Middleton, 32; Newburyport, 11; New-
bury, 64 ; North Andover, 35 ; Peabody, 253 ; Rockport,
7; Rowley, 18; Salem, 374; Salisbury, 2; Saugus, 6;
Swampscott, 15; Topsfield, 18 ; Wenham, 58; West New-
bury, 39.

REPORT OF THE ANNUAL MEETING.

The Society met in the vestry of the First Baptist Church
in Beverly, Sept. 23, at 10 o'clock, A. M., President Ware
in the chair.

Andrew Nichols was appointed secretary pro. tempo.

The marshals with Col. John W. Raymond as chief, were
sworn in by the president.

Vacancies in committees were filled.

Messrs. Rolf, Faxon and Fellows were appointed a com-
mittee to receive, sort and count votes for officers of the
Society.

The question of voting for the president of the Society,
upon a separate ticket was declared lost by a vote of 53
yes and 76 no.

A vote by ballot upon a single ticket was then taken for
the officers usually chosen at this meeting with the follow-
ing result.

FOR PRESIDENT.

Benjamin P. Ware of Marblehead, had 95 votes and
elected ; George B. Loring of Salem, 21 ; Asa T. Newhall
of Lynn, 10 ; James C. Poor of North Andover, 4 ; Scatter-
ing, 4.

25
FOR VICE-PRESIDENTS.

Jaines J. H. Gregory of Marblehead had 97 votes and
elected ; George B. Luring uf Salem, 97, elected ; James
P. King uf Peabody, 138, elected ; Oliver S. Butler cf
Geurgetuvvn, 85, elected ; B. P. Ware cf Marblehead, 35 ;
T. C. Thurluw uf West Newbury, 44; Thomas Sanders of
Haverhill, 34 ; Scattering, 13.

FOR SECRETARY.

John M. Danfurth uf Lynnfield, had 65 vutes and elected;
David W. Low uf Gluucester, 48; Andrew Nichols uf Dan-
vers, 2(3.

At the clcse uf the polls while the committee were
counting the votes, Rev. 0. S. Butler of Georgetown made
appropriate remarks regarding members who have died
since the last annual meeting as follows : — viz : Hon.
Levi Taylor of Haverhill, William Jones of Newburyport,
Moses Wildes of Topsfield.

He was followed by Dr. Loring who added the name of
Jacob Farnham of Murth Anduver. Mr. Thurlow spoke of
Thomas G. Ordway of West Newbury; Mr. Hill uf Ames-
bury with the name uf Luther Noyes uf Newbury; Mr.
Winkley of Newburyport in regard to Mr. Paul T. Winkley
of Newburyport; President Ware spuke in praise uf Mrs.
Mary E. Fuller of Middleton, chairman of the Committee
on Counterpanes and Afghans, although she was nut a
member uf the Society, she tuok an active part in the So-
ciety's exhibitions.

Mr. King in regard tu Jaccb P. Goodale of Peabody; and
upon motion of Mr. Butler, it was vuted that the President
and Secretary be a committee to have appropriate mention
made of deceased members in the Transactions.

On motion of Sidney C. Bancroft, Esq , of Peabody, it
was voted that the doings of the annual meeting be printed
in the Transactions.

On motion made bjr Sidney C. Bancroft, Esq., of Pea-
body, and amended by Mr. Sanders of Haverhill, and the
amendment accepted, it was voted, That hereafter in the

choice of all officers of this Society a majority shall elect
instead of a plurality.

On motion of Asa T. Newhall of Lynn, it was yoted that
the vote for the President, Mr. Ware, be made unani-
mous. Yoted to adjourn this meeting to the call of the
President at the dinner to-morrow, Sept. 24.

Sept. 24, after the annual dinner and speeches the Presi-
dent called the adjourned meeting to order and on motion
of Mr. Rolf, the following votes of thanks were passed.

To the town officers and citizens of Beverly, the chief
marshal and his aids, and all others who had contributed
to make this second gathering in Beverly a success.

To the officers and members of the First Baptist Church
for their freely tendered use of the church and vestry.

To Prof. John W. Perkins for his instructive address,
with a request for a copy for publication in the Transac-
tions,

To Henry W. Peabody, Esq., of Beverly, for the use of
his land for ploughing, and other generous offers to the
Society.

To the Boston & Maine Railroad for its transportation
facilities. Voted, That the reports of committees making
awards to exhibitors and competitors be accepted and con-
firmed, provided the rules of the Society have been com-
plied with.

Report of Committees,

1890.

FAT CATTLE.

The Committee on Fat Cattle have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :
$8. First premium to J. P. Little, Amesbury, for 1 pair

Hereford and Devon steers. 4 years old ; weight,

3960 lbs.
$6. Second premium, to John H. Dodge, Wenham, for 1

pair Devon oxen, 6 years old ; weight, 4353 lbs.
James Noyes, Henry Patch, Chas. P. Mighill — Com-
mittee.

BULLS.

The Committee on Bulls have attended to their duty, and
respectfully report to the Secretary that they have made
the following awards :
$8. First premium, to Peter E. Clark, Beverly, for Jersey

bull, 2 years old.
$s6. Second premium, to A. P. Gardner, Hamilton, for

Jersey bull, 2 years old
$4. First premium, to J. 0. Edwards, Beverly, for bulls

under 2 years old, for Jersey bull, 14 months old.
$>8. First premium, to Win. A. Russell, North Andover,

for Holstein-Fresian bull, " Nitalias Andinus," No.

6910, H. F. H. B. dropped April 11, 1887. Sire,

" Andinus of Peterboro," No. 3059, H. H. B. Dam,

"Nitalia," No. 7028, H. H. B.
E.S.Parker, Henry A. Hayward, Benj. F. Barnes —
Committee.

MILCH COWS.

The Committee on Milch Cows have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :
$10. First premium, to John S. Ives, Salem, for grade

Ayrshire.
$15. First premium, to Wm. A. Russell, North Andoveiv

for the best milch cow of any age or breed.
$10. First premium, to Wm. A. Russell, North Andover,

for best Holstein cow, 4 years old and over.
$10. First premium, to Wm. A. Russell, North Andover,

for best cow, foreign, native or grade, not less than

4 nor more than 10 years old.
$4. Second premium, to James H. Flynn, Salem, for grade

Jersey.
There were fourteen entries of milch cows. The exhib-
itors above named were the only ones who made any state-
ment of any kind whatever concerning the cows entered.
The rule of the Society is, " No person shall be entitled to
receive a premium unless he complies with the conditions
on which the premiums are offered."

H. G. Herrick, John Swinerton, Addison M. Robinson —
Committee.

STATEMENT OF JOHN S. IVES, OF SALEM.

I enter for the consideration of your committee my grade
Ayrshire cow, 7 years old. She calved April 1st, and is
due to calve March 7th. She milked, the first and last
week in June, an average of 21 quarts of strained milk per
day ; is giving now (Sept. 22nd) 15 quarts. Her feed has
been pasture only, without grain of any kind.
Respectfully submitted,

John S. Ives.

STATEMENT OF WM. A. RUSSELL, NO. ANDOVER.

To the Committee on Milch Coivs:

I enter, for best milch cow of any age or breed, the Hol-
stein-Fresian cow, "Belle Fairfax," No. 1117, 11 years old.

She dropped her last calf Jan. 25, 1890. Due to calve,
Feb. 3, 1891. For the season of 1887-8 she gave 14,500
lbs. milk ; for the season of 1889, 15,157^ lbs. milk ; from
Feb. 1 to Sept. 1, 1890, she gave 10,027 lbs. milk.

For best milch cow 4 years old and upwards, 1 enter the
Holstein-Fresian cow "Jacoba Alexander," No. 4437, 5yrs.
old. She calved Dec. 29, 1889, and is due to calve Feb. 2?
1891. Her milk record from Jan. 1st to Sept. 1st is
10,578i lbs.

For best milch cow, either foreign, native or grade, not
less than 4 nor more than 10 years old, I enter the Hol-
stein-Fresian cow "Lady Shepard," No. 1586, 8 years old.
She calved Aug. 30, 1890, and for twenty days in Septem-
ber has given 1206 lbs. of milk.

For statement of feed and manure, see " Herd of Milch
Cows.

Respectfully submitted,

Wm. A. Russell,
By Jas. C. Poor, Manager.

STATEMENT OF JAMES H. FLYNX, SALEM.

To the Committee on Milch Cows :

1 enter for premium my grade Jersey cow, 14 years old,
which I raised. She gave, through the months of June
and July, 1890, an average of 14 quarts daily.
Respectfully submitted,

James H. Flynn.

HERDS OF MILCH COWS.

The Committee on Herds of Milch Cows have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :
$18. First premium, to Wm. A. Russell, North Andover,
for herd of Holsteins.

J. Otis Winkley, Israel Herrick, Edward Kent- Com-
mittee.

3Q .

STATEMENT OF WM. A. RUSSELL.

To the Committee on Herds of Milch Cows :

I enter for herd of milch cows : Holstein-Fresian cows?
"Maud Clay," No. 390; "Lady Shepard," No. 1586;
"Belle Fairfax," No. 1117 ; "Jacoba Alexander," No. 4437,
and "Emma Bess," No. 9715.

"Maud Clay" calved Aug. 30, 1890. "Lady Shepard"
calved Aug. 30, 1890. "Belle Fairfax" calved Jan. 25,
1890; is due Feb. 3, 1891. "Jacoba Alexander" calved
Dec. 29, 1889 ; is due Feb. 2, 1891. "Emma Bess" calved
Aug. 3, 1889 ; is due Oct. 15, 1890.

Maud Clay's milk record, from Sept. 2nd to the 20th,
inclusive, is 1066 lbs. ; for the season of 1888-9, 14,055
lbs.

Lady Shepard's milk record, from Sept. 1st to 20th,
inclusive, is 1206 lbs. milk ; and from Sept. 1, 1889, to
June, 1890, 12,274 lbs.; from Sept. 1, 1888, to June, 1889,
13,168 lbs.

Belle Fairfax's milk record, from Feb. 1 to Sept. 1, 1890,
is 10,027 lbs. ; from Jan. 1 to Dec, 1889, 15,157 lbs. ;
from Sept. 1, 1887 to Sept. 1, 1888, 14,500 lbs.

Jacoba Alexander's milk record, from Jan. 1 to Sept. 1,
1890, is 10,578i lbs.

Emma Bess' milk record, from Sept. 1, 1889, to Sept. 1,
1890, is 8,672 lbs.

The summer feed of these cows has been pasture which
is small for the number of cows kept, but it has an
abundant supply of pure water, and plenty of shade trees ;
and they have been fed with 2 qts. gluten meal and 2 qts.
shorts in morning, and with 2 qts. corn meal in evening,
with dry hay or corn fodder twice a day.

The winter feed consists of ensilage (corn) feed in morn-
ing, and good English hay feed in afternoon, with 4 qts.
bran and 2 qts. meal fed with the ensilage, and same quan-
tity of grain fed dry, before giving them the hay, in after-
noon ; and watered twice a day in the barn, and carded and
brushed once a day. Those cows giving a heavy flow of
milk are milked three times a day, and fed grain three

times a day. The milk is weighed, and recorded at each
milking.

The above is the grain feed for cows. Young cows are
fed from one-half to three-fourths the above amount.
Respectfully submitted,

Wm. A. Russell,
By Jas. C. Poor, Manager.

HEIFERS — FIRST CLASS.

The Committee on Heifers, first class, have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards:

$9. First premium, to Wm. A. Russell, North Andover,
for Holstein heifer in milk, "Grace Wonder," 4
years old.
$5. First premium, to James C. Poor, North Andover, for

yearling Holstein heifer, "Beth Lincoln."
# 5. First premium, to James C. Poor, North Andover, for
Holstein heifer calf, "Mira W. Archer."
6. Second premium, to James C. Poor, North Andover,
for Holstein heifer, "Pride of Riverside," under 4
years old.
$4. Second premium, to James C. Poor, North Andoven

for yearling Holstein heifer, "Daisy Ferron."
$4. Second premium, to Lyman Holman, Salem, for Hol-
stein heifer, 2 years old.
f5. First premium, to A. P. Gardner, Hamilton, for Jer-
sey heifer, 2 years old.
$4. Second premium, to A. P. Gardner, Hamilton, for Jer-
sey heifer.
$5. First premium, to Mrs. W. P. Pickman, Beverly, for

Guernsey heifer calf.
$6. Second premium, to Mrs. W. D. Pickman, Beverly, for
Guernsey heifer, under 4 years old.
George R. Dodge, John A. Hoyt, George Haskell — Com-
mittee.

32
HEIFERS — SECOND CLASS.

The Committee on Heifers, second class, have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :
$9. First premium, to the City Farm, Salem, for heifer in

milk, under 4 years old.
$6. Second premium, to James C. Poor, North Andover,

for grade Holstein heifer in milk.
$5. First premium, to Wm. A. Foster, Beverly, for 2 year

old heifer.
$5. First premium, to John S. Ives, Salem, for yearling

heifer.
$5. First premium, to John S. Ives, Salem, for heifer

calf.
$4. Second premium, to Aug. P. Prince, Beverly, for

heifer calf.
$1. Second premium, to I. 0. Edwards, Beverly, for 2

year old heifer.
$4. Second premium, to I. 0. Edwards, Beverly, for year-
ling heifer.
Sidney F. Newman, Daniel D. Adams, N. W. Moody —
Committee.

STATEMENT OF JAMES C. POOR.

To the Committee on Heifers, 2nd Class :

1 enter, for your consideration, a grade Holstein, 3 years
old. She is three fourths Holstein and one fourth Jersey
and Durham. Dropped her last calf August 25th. From
Sept. 5th to 15th, she gave 480 lbs. milk — an average of 48
lbs. per day. Has been kept in the barn, and fed three
qts. of gluten meal, with hay and green corn fodder.
Respectfully submitted,

Jas. C. Pook.

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

The Committee on Working Oxen and Steers have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary that they have made the following awards :

Diploma, to J. P. Little, of Amesbury, for display of work-
ing oxen, he having three yoke of fine cattle.
•$12. First premium, to S. W. Weston, Middleton, for one
yoke of working oxen, 6 years old, weight 3000 lbs.
610. Second premium, to R. F. Dodge, Wenham, for one
yoke working oxen, 6 years old, weight 3010 lbs.
|8. Third premium, to Wm. P. Christopher, Middleton,
for one pair working oxen, 7 years old, weight
2665 lbs.
Your Committee regret there were not more premiums
o be awarded, as there was a fine display of working oxen,
and the Committee found it hard to determine who were
entitled to the premiums, and would make especial mention
of Mr. Massey's oxen backing.

John M. Danforth, A. B. Fellows, C. J. Peabody, N. P.
Perkins — Committee.

STEERS.

The Committee on Steers have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :
•15. First premium, to Wm. P. Christopher, Middleton, for

one pair yearling steers.
$4. Second premium, to Herbert W. Patch, Hamilton, for
one pair yearling steers.
Wm. B. Carlton, S. Longfellow, R* Jaques — Committee.

TOWN TEAMS.

The Committee on Town Teams have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following award :

-120. First premium, to Beverly Town Team, for team of 14
pair of oxen.

James P. King,

For the Committee.

34
STALLIONS — FIRST CLASS.

The Committee on Stallions, first class, 4 years old and
upwards (farm and draught purposes), have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following award :

$4. Third premium, to John Parkhurst, Boxford, for
grade Percheron stallion, 6 years old.

M. C. Andrews, Moses A. Plummer, Albert Kimball —
Committee.

STALLIONS — SECOND CLASS.

The Committee on Stallions, second class (for general
purposes), have attended to their duty, and respectfully
report to the Secretary that they have made the following
awards :

$10. First premium, to H. H. Demsey, Wenham, for bay
stallion "Harry Dictator," 4 years old, weight
1100 lbs.
$6. Second premium, to A. B. Forbes, By field, Newbury,
for bay stallion, "Callisto," 4 years old, weight
1100 lbs.
$4. Third premium, to A. B. Forbes, Byfield, Newbury,
for bay stallion, "Lombardy," 6 years old, weight
1100 lbs.
$8. First premium, to L H. Jones, Middleton, for 3 year

old stallion, "Wilkes."
$4. Second premium, to C. A. Lunt, Newbury, for 3 year
old stallion, "Gladstone."
P B. W. Bartlett, Thomas Sanders, O. S. Butler, Peter
Holt, Jr. — Committee.

BROOD MARES.

The Committee on Brood Mares have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :

FIRST CLASS.

$10. First premium, to Richard T. Jaques, Newbury, for
bay mare, "Bess."

SECOND CLASS.

$10. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for sorrel mare,
"Nellie Eaton."
$6. Second premium, to Wm. H. Joint, Lynn, for Messen-
ger mare, "Bessie."
$4. Third premium, to Willis E. Churchill, Newbury, for
gray mare, "Nellie."
Mr. Bates' sorrel mare was the one with twin colts — the
first, Ave think, that have been on exhibition at our fair
since 1856 or 1857.

The Committee would say that there were several mares
entered as of the second class, that, in their estimation,
were well worthy of a premium, had they been entered in
the first class ; hence we would suggest some different
arrangement as to the entries in the two classes. Perhaps
it would be well to try the experiment of allowing the
Committee to divide the entries into the two classes, as to
them may be deemed expedient.

Respectfully submitted,
William Little, J. Henry Gould, B. N. Dodge — Com-
mittee.

FAMILY HORSES.

The Committee on Family Horses have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that tbey
have made the following awards :

$10. First premium, to D. J. Harrigan, Danvers, for family
mare.
$6. Second premium, to C. Moynihan, Newbury, for steel-
gray 5 year old gelding.
$4. Third premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for bay
mare "Kittie."

Chas. Sanders,

For the Committee.

36
GENTS' DRIVING HORSES.

The Committee on Gents' Driving Horses have attended

to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that

they have made the following awards :

$10. First premium, to George Brewer, Beverly, for his

horse, "Harry."

$6. Second premium, to Wm. P. Bailey, West Newbury,

for his horse, "Dick."
$4. Third premium, to Wm. P. Bailey, West Newbury, for
his horse, "Tom."
The class of horses entered was very fine, and the Com-
mittee commend the remainder of the entries — "Eaton
Wilkes," entered by Edwin Bates of Lynn, and "Dolly"
and "Bess," Morgan mares entered by Ware and Rose of
Clifton, Marblehead.

Geo. B. Loring, M. H. Connor, Ebenezer Webster, M.
Perry Sargent — Committee.

FARM HORSES.

The Committee on Farm Horses have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards:

HOKSES WEIGHING OVER 1200 LBS.

$10. First premium, to John H. Perkins, Lynnfield, for

roan horse, "Juno," weight 1275 lbs.
$6, Second premium, to H. C. Strout, Peabody, for bay
mare, "Kate," weight 1400 lbs.

HORSES WEIGHING LESS THAN 1200 LBS.

$10. First premium, to Hugh Hill, Beverly, for black
horse, weight 1140 lbs.
$6. Second premium, to W. J. Currier, Danvers, for

farm horse, weight 1100 lbs.
$4. Third premium, to F. W. Lyford, Danvers, for buck-
skin horse, weight 1180 lbs.
Asa T. Newhall, James B. Smith, Horace F. Longfel-
low, Walter F. Dodge — Committee.

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES — FIRST CLASS.

The Committee on Pairs of Farm Horses have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that they have made the following awards :
$10. First premium, to A. P. Gardner, Hamilton, gray
team, weight 2800 lbs.
$8. Second premium, to Wm. Tucker, Andover, for
grade Percherons, weight 2805.
Asa F. Lee, John Parkhurst, Geo. B. Dodge, Geo. M.
Roundy — Committee.

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES — SECOND CLASS.

The Committee on Pairs of Farm Horses (second class)
have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards:
$10. First premium, to Moses H. Poor, West Newbury,
for pair horses, weight 2130 lbs.
$8. Second premium, to Fred. A. Dodge, Beverly, for
pair horses, weight 2060 lbs.

Richard S. Bray,

For the Committee.

COLTS FOR DRAFT PURPOSES, SECOND CLASS

The Committee on Colts for Draft Purposes (second
class) have attended to their duty, and respectfully report
to the Secretary that they have made the following
awards :
$8. First premium, to S. T. Newman, Newbury, for 2

years old colt, weight 1078.
$5. First premium, to Calvin Putnam, Ipswich, for black

colt, 15 months old, weight 960.
$5. Second premium, to R. Jaques, Jr., Newbury, for

bay colt, 2 years, 5 months old, weight 1295 lbs.
$3. Second premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for

gelding colt, 14 months old.

$3. Third premium, to J. P. Kinnear, Ipswich, for Per-
cheron colt, 2 years old, weight 1065 lbs.

But one entree in first class ; Committee did not think
worthy of a premium.

F. P. Harriman, F. M. Bates, Amos Hasletine, David
Warren, T. K. Leach — Committee.

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES — FIRST
CLASS.

The Committee on Colts for General Purposes (first

class) have attended to their duty, and respectfully report

to the Secretary that they have made the following

awards :

$8. First premium, to A. B. Forbes, Newbury, for bay
mare colt, "Hypatia," 4 years old, weight 1050 lbs.

$5. Second premium, to Ware & Rose, Clifton, Marble-
head, for Morgan colt, "Charlie," 4 years old,
weight 980 lbs.

$6. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for 3 year
old colt, "Daisy Wilkes."

$3. Second premium, to C. Moynihan, Newbury, for 3
year old colt, "Bess."
Geo. W. Chadwick, Samuel B. George, Nathan Bushbyr

George Chase — Committee.

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES —SECOND

CLASS.

The Committee on Colts for General Purposes (second
class) have attended to their duty, and respectfully report
to the Secretary that they have made the following
awards :
$8. First premium, to W. F. Kinsman, Ipswich, for Knox

colt, 2 years, 3 months old, weight 1095 lbs.
#5. Second premium, to C. Moynihan, Newbury, for 2
year old chestnut colt.

$3. Third premium, to James Manning, Topsfield, for 2

year old colt.
$5. First premium, to M. H. Connor, West Newbury, for

1 year old colt.
$3. Second premium, to W. H. & L. P. Tufts, Middleton,

for black stallion colt, S. X., 16 months old.
E. S. Keyes, Geo. B. Blodgette, John Muhoy — Com-
mittee.

SWINE — FIRST CLASS.

The Committee on Swine (first class) have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that the}7 have made the following awards:
$8. First premium, to Harvey C. Strout, Peabody, for

Jersey red sow and pigs.
$8. First premium, to Harvey C. Strout, Peabody, for

Cheshire sow and pigs.
$8. First premium, to Harvey C. Strout, Peabody, for

Chester white boar.
|5. Second premium, to Harvey C. Strout, Peabody, for

Chester white boar.
|8. First premium, to Harvey C. Strout, Peabody, for

Poland China sow and pigs.
$8. First premium, to Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for

Chester white sow and 6 pigs.
$8. First premium, to Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for

litter of Yorkshire weaned pigs.
$8. First premium, to Wm. A. Fisher, Jr., Peabody, for
Chester white sow and 10 pigs.
John Mahony, Geo. B. Blodgette, Jacob F. Choate —
Committee.

SWINE -SECOND CLASS.
The Committee on Swine (second class) have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that they have made the following awards :

$8. First premium, to Harvey C. Strout, Peabody, for

sow and 7 pigs.
$8. S?irst premium, to Harvey C. Strout, Peabody, for

boar.
$8. First premium, to Harvey C. Strout, Peabody, for

litter of weaned pigs.
$5. Seoond premium, to Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for

sow and 8 pigs.
$5 Second premium, to Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for

boar.
N.Longfellow, John Barker, George A. Dow — Com-
mit tw.

SHEEP.

The Committee on Sheep have attended to their duty,
and vespectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :

•$10. First premium, to Charles S. Emerton, Peabody, for
flock of 10 sheep.
$8. First premium, to Charles S. Emerton, Peabody, for
best buck.

POULTRY.

The Committee on Poultry have attended to their duty,

and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have

made the following awards :

$2. First premium, to John Prince, Beverly, for pair
Langshan chicks.

$1. Second premium, to John Prince, Beverly, for pair
Langshan chicks.

$2. First premium, to Wm. B. Foster, Beverly, for pair
White Minorca fowls.

Diploma, to Wm. B. Foster, Beverly, for pen White Mi-
norca fowls.

$1. Second premium, to Wm, B. Foster, Beverly, for

pair White Leghorn chicks.
$2. First premium, to E. R. Perkins, Salem, for pair

Golden Wyandotte chicks.
$1. Second premium to E. R. Perkins, Salem, for pair

Golden Wyandotte chicks.
$2. First premium, to E. R. Perkins, Salem, for pair Red

Wyandotte chicks.
$2. First premium, to E. R. Perkins, Salem, for pair

Salem Buffs.
$2. First premium, to John Prince, Beverly, for pair

Langshan fowls.
$2. First premium, to D wight Foster, Beverly, for pair

Black Minorca fowls.
$1. Second premium, to D wight Foster, Beverly, for pair

Black Minorca chicks.
$2. First premium, to G. E. Fassett, Beverly, for pair

Silver Laced Wyandotte fowls.
82. First premium, to G. E. Fassett, Beverly, for pair

Silver Laced Wyandotte chicks.
$2. First premium, to Wm. P. Wharton, Beverly, for

pair Pekin Bantam fowls.
$1. Second premium, to Wm. P. Wharton, Beverly, for

pair Pekin Bantam chicks.
$2. First premium, to Daniel Appleton, Beverly, for pair

Plymouth Rock chicks.
Diploma, to Daniel Appleton, Beverly, for pen Plymouth

Rock chicks.
$2. First premium, to Wm. A. Foster Jr., Beverly, for

pair Buff Cochin chicks.
$1. Second premium, to Elmer 0. Bragdon, Danvers, for

pair Dark Brahma chicks.
$2. First premium, to Elmer 0. Bragdon, Danvers, for

pair Dark Brahma fowls.
$1. Second premium, to Elmer 0. Bragdon, Danvers, for

pair Dark Brahma fowls.
$2. First premium, to Elmer 0. Bragdon, Danvew, for

pair Dark Brahma chicks.

$2. First premium, to Harry English, Salem, for pair

White Pyle Bantam fowls.
#2. First premium, to C. L. Beckett, Peabody, for pair

Brown Leghorn chicks.
$1. Second premium, to C. L. Beckett, Peabody, for pair

Brown Leghorn chicks.
$2. First premium, to Chas. A. Jones, Peabody, for pair

Silver Bearded Polish chicks.
81. Second premium, to Chas. A. Jones, Peabody, for

pair Silver Bearded Polish chicks.
$2. First premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for pair

White Wyandottes.
$2. First premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for pair

Red Pyle Game Bantam fowls.
$1. Second premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for

pair Red Pyle Game Bantam fowls.
$2. First premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for pair

Pekin Bantam fowls.
•|2. First premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for pair

Cayuga ducks.
•f>l. Second premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for

pair Pekin ducks.
$1. Second premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for

pair Toulouse geese.
$2. First premium, to Wm. P. Perkins, Danvers, for pair

Embden geese.
$2. First premium, to Daniel Callahan, Danvers, for pair

Pekin Bantam chicks.
$1. Second premium, to Daniel Callahan, Danvers, for

pair Pekin Bantam chicks.
$>2. First premium, to George D. Walton, Peabody, for

pair B. B. R. Game bantams.
$2. First premium, to N. W. Hawkes, Saugus, for pair

Hong Kong geese.
$2. First premium, to N. W. Hawkes, Saugus, for pair

Toulouse geese.
$2. First premium, to N. W. Hawkes, Saugus, for pair

Creeper fowls.

$2. First premium, to N. W. Hawkes, Saugus, for pair

Creeper chicks.
$2. First premium, to W. S. Caswell, Marblehead, for

pair Houdan chicks.
$1. Second premium, to F. S. Lovett, Beverly, for White

Leghorn chicks.
$2. First premium, to F. S. Lovett, Beverly, for Downie

chicks.
$2. First premium, to S. M. Leach, Danversport, for

Brown Reed Game chicks.
$2. First premium, to D. C. E. Johnson, Danversport,

for Silver Duckwing Game fowls.
Diploma, to George H. Coffin, Ballardvale, for pen Silver

Laced Wyandotte chicks.
$1. Second premium, to F. M. Day, Beverly, for pair

Plymouth Rock fowls.
$2. First premium, to George P. Wilkins, Middleton, for

Bronze turkeys.
$2. First premium, to James M. Currier, Middleton, for

pair Light Brahma chicks.
$1. Second premium, to James M. Currier, Middleton,

for pair Light Brahma chicks.
Diploma, to James M. Currier, Middleton, for pen Light

Brahma chicks.
$2. First premium, to T. W. Batchelder, Wenham, for

pair Black Minorca chicks.
■12. First premium, to T. W. Batchelder, Wenham, for

pair Canada geese.
$2. First premium, to Reuben W. Ropes, Salem, for pair

White Leghorn fowls.
$2. First premium, to Reuben W. Ropes, Salem, for pair

White Leghorn chicks.
$2. First premium, to Reuben W. Ropes, Salem, for pair

Plymouth Rock fowls.
$2. First premium, to Reuben W. Ropes, Salem, for pair

Plymouth Rock chicks.
$2. First premium, to Reuben W. Ropes, Salem, for

Pekin ducks.

DRESSED POULTRY AND EGGS.

$1. First premium, to Daniel Appleton, Beverly, for one

dozen Plymouth Rock eggs.
$1. First premium, to Win. B. Foster, Beverly, for one

dozen Leghorn eggs.
$1. First premium, to T. W. Batchelder, Wenham, for

one dozen Buff Cochin eggs.
$2. First premium, to George D. Walton, Peabody, for

Dressed Pekin ducks.
$2. First premium, to T. W. Batchelder, Wenham, for

Dressed Poultry.
18. First premium to C. A. Larcom, Beverly, for best

year's account of 10 fowls.

STATEMENT OF C. A. LARCOM.

Breeding. — Cock, Light Brahma, hens White Leg-
horn (extra laying strain). *
Age.— Hatched in May, 1888.

Average cost of keeping from Jan. 1, 1889 to Jan. lr
1890.
Oats, Oat feed, Corn, Meat Scraps, etc., $14 50

production.

1570 eggs, equals 130 5-6 dozen, at 20c.-45c, $34 35

Income, $34 35

Cost, 14 50

$19 85
$19.85 profit from ten fowls in one year. (No account
of manure.)

Method of feeding. — January, February, March and
April: — morning, hot mush of oat feed, vegetable parings,
chopped fine and other refuse from the table, seasoned
with pepper, ginger or mustard and meat scraps two or
three times a week ; night, all the whole grain they will
eat, chiefly oats, corn perhaps two times a week. May,
June, morning, mush either hot or cold ; night, whole

grain as before. July, August, September, October r
feed only at night all the oats they would eat. Fowls
having unlimited range. November, December, same as

January to April.

Respectfully submitted,

C. A. Larcom.

PLOUGHING WITH DOUBLE TEAMS.
The Committee on Ploughing with Double Ox Teams
have attended to their duty, and^respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following award :
$10. First premium, to Lyman S. Wilkins, Middleton, with
Hubbell Swivel plough.
Asa T. Newhall, M. B. Avery, D. A. Pettengill, Win. S.
Phillips, Jr. — Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH SINGLE TEAMS.

The Committee on Ploughing with Single Ox Teams,
have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards :
$10. First premium, to Wm. P. Christopher, Middleton,
with Hussey plough.
$8. Second premium, to Peter E. Clark (Walter F. Dodge,
ploughman), Beverly, with Landside plough.
Andrew Mansfield, Wm. H. Smith, Allen Smith — Com-
mittee.

PLOUGHING WITH HORSES.
The Committee on Ploughing with Horses have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :
$10. First premium, to Moses H. Poor, West Newbury,
(Fred H. Poor, ploughman,) with common plough.
$7. Second premium, to A. P. Gardner, owner, Hamilton,
(E. A. Wright, ploughman,) with Hussey plough.

$5. Third premium, to William Bent, West Newbury,
with common plough.
James P. King, Joseph Whitehead, Edw. Harrington
Horace C. Ware, John J. Gould— Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH SWIVEL PLOUGH, OXEN.

The Committee on Ploughing with Swivel Plough, Ox
Teams, have attended to their duty, and respectfully report
to the Secretary that they have made the following awards:
$10. First premium, to S. W. Weston, Middleton, (Austin

Brown, ploughman.) with Hubbell plough.
$8. Second premium, to R. F. Dodge, Wenham, with Yan-
kee plough.
Augustine Stone, G. S. Phippen, Thomas P. Hale — Com-
mittee.

PLOUGHING WITH SWIVEL PLOUGH, HORSES.

The Committee on Ploughing with Swivel Plough, Horse
Teams, have attended to theii\duty, and respectfully report
to the Secretary that they have made the following awards:
$10. First premium, to Fred A. Dodge, Beverly, with Yan-
kee plough, No. 3.

Jos. F. Andrews, David L. Haskell, E. G. Dale, Geo. F.
Averell — Committee.

SULKY PLOUGHING.
The Committee on Sulky Ploughing have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards:
$10. First premium, to C. H. Abbott, Wenham, (G. W.
Wildes, ploughman,) for Sulky ploughing with
Syracuse plough.
A. B. Fellows, D. D. Adams, Andrew Dodge — Commit-
tee.

PLOUGHING WITH THREE HORSES.
The Committee on Ploughing with Three Horses have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that they have made the following awards :
$10. First premium, to M. H. Connor, West Newbury, for
ploughing with three horses, Oliver Chilled plough.
Joshua H. Chandler, Chas. A. Mason, Daniel McDonald,
R. T. Jacques — Committee.

HARROWS.

The Committee on Harrows have attended to their duty
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :

110. First premium, to Whitcomb & Carter, Beverly, for
Stoddard Wheel Harrow.
$8. Second premium, to Henry Newhall & Co., Danvers,
for Yankee Pulverizer.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON HARROWS.
It is to be regretted that but two harrows contended
for the premiums, and the more so because they were both
wheel harrows and therefore were fundamentally alike.
The committee exercised their best judgment in the
premises and gave the larger premium to the one which
appeared to do the best work with the lowest power, but
the distinctions between the merits of the two were not
remarkable. And now about the matter of power, how
can a comparison of the draft required for different im-
plements be made in a reliable way while the society has
no dynometer by which to measure it? We have been
favored at some of our trial of implements with elvnome-
ter tests, through the kindness of Mr. Andrews, one of our
members, and all who were present were greatly pleased
at the result, and such of us as were about to purchase
farm implements were guided by it in making our decis-
ions. Certainly the matter of the comparative power re-

quired to get the best work of the different plows and har-
rows in the market, is a most important question for the
farmer to decide before purchasing, for an implement which
requires a pair of 1150 pound horses to do its best work,
cannot be made to do it with a pair of 1000 pound horses.
This is emphatically true of the wheel harrow, the sharp-
er the angle at which they are set when they do their best
work, the more hard drag there is to them, and no 1000
pound horse can draw them many days continually at
such angle without being over-worked. The dynometer test
made at the implement trial at the Gardner farm demon-
strated that there was a great difference in the power re-
quired by different plows when turning sod at equal
depths, and that the good quality of the work done as often
as not varied inversely with the power required to perform
it. By all means let the Society have a dynometer-

The work accomplished by that agricultural
implement which in its dozen or more forms we
call " harrow," may be classified under four heads,
viz: 1st, to pulverize the soil after plowing ; 2nd,
to level the plowed surface ; 3d, to lighten the soil, and
4th, to destroy weeds. When depth of pulverization is
the essential requirement, there can be no difference of
opinion that the wheel harrows do the best work ; they
cut the deepest, and make the former hard labor of get-
ting sufficient soil on fresh turned sod to cover potatoes
cornDaratively easy work. We all can recall when the}r
first appeared on the trial ground at our annual fair, not
many years ago. They were then a great oddity, but
rapidly advancing from mere curiosity and wondering,
with our Yankee shrewdness we noted the quality of the
work done and gave them prompt and hearty welcome.
There is no country in the world where the real value of
any implement is so quickly recognized and generousl}^
welcomed as in this bright land of ours. A friend once
told me of his experience in attempting to introduce a
new grain mill into Brazil. The large planters were in-

vited to be present a certain day on one of the squares of
Rio Janeiro to see it work. They came, they saw, but
were by no means conquered along the line of their
prejudice ; for after acknowledging that it would do far
more work than the old hand mill and so save the labor
of a dozen or more slaves, the poser that overwhelmed
the hopes of the enterprising owners was " what could we
find for our slaves to do if we bought your mill? "

As long as the two wings of the wheel harrows are fully
extended the draft is comparatively small, but as we in-
cline them toward each other, a drag motion is added and
the power necessary to draw it is increased, so that in my
experience, no horse that weighs less than twelve hundred
can stand the work day after day for many weeks without
breaking down. Indeed I am inclined to believe that my
pair weighing fifteen hundred each, find more work than
recreation in it before the season is over. The two wings
of the early varieties of wheel harrows were joined by a
ball and socket joint. This has been their weakness, for
unless it is better protected than in most varieties, it is but
a matter of time when particles of grit will work in and
ruin it.

In the harrow which received the second premium the
two wings rotate on each other at the end discs. This
means, of course, a good deal of friction, but it is certain-
ly an improvement over the ball and socket joint. With
the wrecks of several wheel harrows always before my eye,
made on the ball and socket principle, I have turned
finally to the one named the Climax, and while I know
others which are easier for the rider, and have some
minor improvements, I have got to make the acquaintance
with one which will stand equal wear with so little in-
jury. The material which enters into the discs is first
class, and after nearly two years of use which would be
probable equal to ten years with the average farmer, I
have not yet been called upon to make a cent's worth of
outlay in the way of repairs. While harrows of the wheel

class excel all others in the depth to which they penetrate,
sometimes being used as substitute for the plow, especial-
ly on land that was turned over in the fall, those built
on the Acme principles will pulverize finer and are better
levelers of the surface. I prefer the original Acme in my
experience over any of those harrows which contain a
modification of the principles, and can be bought at a low-
er figure. When there is no turned over sod to be worked
deep, the Acme will be the better harrow for those farmers
who can afford but one of the improved varieties. By
setting it up at a sharp angle it can be made to cut nearly
as deep as can the wheel harrow, though by so doing the
draft on the horses will be greatly increased. Following
the Acme and to be used as a final pulverizer and leveler,
making the ground ready for planting of all kind of vege-
tables, dandelions almost alone excepted, comes the
Meeker harrow. For those who raise vegetables on a
large scale there is no greater labor saver than this, pro-
vided their land does not abound in stone larger than eggs.
It has the capacity to work such stones below the surface,
but not sufficiently deep to prevent their being struck by
the slide hoe. When used it should be drawn across the
field both ways, ending at right angle with the direction
the seed rows are to be run. In using the Meeker, I find
it does the work of over a dozen men and therefore is a
great labor saver. Among weed killers the Thomas
smoothing harrow and Breed's Universal Weeder rank
pre-eminent. By using these freely, passing with and
cross wise the rows as soon as weeds start in potatoes and
corn, a vast amount of hoeing and hard weeding can be
saved. The smoothing harrow can be used until the corn
is six inches high and the potatoes a couple of inches,
but Breed's weeder I should not dare use at so late a
period of growth, for not having much weight of its own
to force the teeth into the ground, it needs to be worked
by the hand back and forth as it is drawn along the rows,
which is lather too rough work among crops above

ground ; besides it needs to be used to do its best work
as soon as weeds start. Why do not the makers of this
weeder get out one capable of being used between the
rows of corn during the later stages of its growth, when
while necessary to kill the weeds, it is found to lessen the
crop if the soil is stirred deep enough to disturb its
roots. The one great objection to the use of the Thomas
harrow among potatoes and corn when above ground, is
its liability to get stones, sod, or when on land in corn the
year previous, corn-butts caught between its teeth, for if
this happens, unless such obstructions are at once re-
moved, they will tear up the growing crops. Where corn
butts are at all numerous on the surface it will not pay
to use it ; there will be too much time required to keep it
clear.

All varieties of the harrow class of implements tend to
lighten the soil, but spring teeth excel all in this respect.
It looks amazingly unreliable to the uninitiated as an
implement to be sent among stones and stumps, but expe-
rience shows that the teeth are made of the best material.
It has an immense amount of the " give and take " ele-
ment in it and is very rarely floored. Of the revolving
harrows I have no facts from experience, but have heard
good words in their favor from other farmers who have
used them.

In our article we have paid the respect of neglect to
the harrows of our fathers, the old and square forms,
assuming that an exhaustive knowledge of their capabili-
ties was the inheritance of every farmer.

J. J. H. Gregory.

Marblehead, Mass.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

The Committee on Agricultural Implements have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary, that they have made the following awards :

Diploma and $10. First premium, to Henry Newhall &
Co., Danvers, for collection of implements and
machines.

$8. Gratuity, to Whitcomb & Carter, Beverly, for gen-
eral collection.

$5. First premium, to John T. Elliot, Beverly, for mar-
ket wagon.

$5. First premium, to George E. Daniels, Rowley, for
2-horse farm cart.

$2. Gratuity, to E. L. Blake & Co., Peabody, for wheel
hoes and seed drill.

$2. Gratuity, to George E. Daniels, Rowley, for one
pair wheels.
Sherman Nelson, George E. Johnson, Albert Emerson,

E. P. Barrett — Committee.

CARRIAGES.

The Committee on Carriages have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :

$12. First premium, to E. C. Sawyer, Beverly, for God-
dard buggy.
$5. Second premium, to E. C. Sawyer, Beverly, for depot

wagon.
$3. Gratuity, to E. C. Sawyer, Beverly, for ox wagon.
$5. Gratuity, to Wm. S. Eaton, Amesbury, for Corning

buggy.
$5. Gratuity, to Wm. S. Eaton, Amesbury, for piano
box buggy.
Diploma, to W. P. Whipple & Co., Peabody, for delivery
and spring wagons.
J. W. Joyce, J. A. J. Sawyer, Aaron Sawyer — Com-
mittee.

IN EXHIBITION HALL.

REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF HALL.

The attendance of visitors at the Exhibition of the So-
ciety, held in the Town Hall in Beverly, on the 23d and
24th of September, 1890, was quite satisfactory, but not as
large as the previous year. The amount received for the
sale of tickets indicates that 6550 persons purchased tick-
ets of admission to the hall, which, with the tickets of ad-
mission given to exhibitors, represents an attendance of
not less than 7500 persons.

The exhibition as a whole was highly satisfactory, and
in some departments a large portion of the exhibits were
excellent. The contribution made by the ladies of fine
needle work and of other kinds of fancy work, of counter-
panes, afghans, rugs and works of art, seems to be increas-
ing each year, more especially in the departments of fancy
work and works of art. The departments above enu-
merated constitute an important and attractive part of the
exhibition and occupy quite a large portion of the space in
the hall.

The society has wisely appreciated and encouraged the
contributions by increasing the amount to be awarded in
gratuities for works of art and fancy work. And yet in the
contributions of fancy work twice the amount at the dis-
posal of the committee could have been worthily given, so
large was the number of entries worthy of a gratuity. In
tho art department the exhibit was not equal in quality to
that of the last three years. Only a few oil paintings were
shown which were especially worthy of notice. Other con-
tributions were made to this department which added much
to its attractiveness. It is not to be expected that oil
paintings and other varieties of art work will be exhibited
by professional artists, but there is a plenty of good work
by amateurs to be found in each place where the exhibition
is held or in its immediate vicinity, some of which, by a

little effort, might be brought forward for exhibition, which
would furnish aid and incentive to beginners and help
towards forming a better knowledge of what is worthy of
exhibition.

Many articles are contributed not only in this department
but in fancy work, counterpanes and rugs which are not
sufficiently meritorious to warrant their being offered for
exhibition. It is, however, hardly possible to reject any
articles offered. The contributions are brought in either in
the evening before or in the morning of the exhibition, and
the committee receiving them have scarcely time to enter
and put them in place, with no time to judge of their
merits, even if they were at liberty to decide as to their
fitness for exhibition.

The society may not be prepared to adopt any method at
present for discriminating in regard to the exhibits that are
offered. No standard should be adopted which would ex-
clude meritorious work of beginners, especially that of
beginners in art, or require a high standard of excellence.
The aim should certainly be to encourage all such. But if
those intending to offer articles for exhibition would seek
the advice of those competent to judge of their merit, a
higher standard would be the result. The merits of an ex-
hibition do not consist in the number of articles exhibited,
and all interested in the work of the society should aim to
secure a higher standard rather than an increase in the
number. In nearly every department above named, if the
committee could have rejected a small portion of the
articles exhibited, the remainder would have made a more
attractive exhibition. The comparatively few common-
place articles are sure to be noticed by visitors and to sug-
gest unfavorable comment.

For the purpose of protecting fancy articles from being
handled or lost, it was recommended in the report of last
year, that cases covered with wire be procured for perma-
nent use. Under a vote of the trustee, six cases were
made which proved to be of great service. A sufficient

number of glass cases cannot conveniently be obtained in
any place where the exhibition is held. With a little care
in moving these cases will last many years, and it may be
advisable to procure as many more. These should be made
only two-thirds as deep but otherwise the same. Cases
were made also of wire except the frames for the exhibits
of butter and of bread which proved decidedly serviceable
in protecting these articles. Visitors have hitherto consid-
ered these as common property to be tested by any who
chose.

The great failure in the apple crop and the comparative-
ly small yield of pears gave little promise of an attractive
show of fruit. But while the number of entries of pears
and of apples was much less than usual, the quality was
not far behind that of more favored years. Many speci-
mens were shown both of apples and of pears quite equal
to the best exhibit of former years.

Quite a good exhibit was made of peaches, grapes and
assorted fruits.

In the vegetable tent especial effort was made by the
committee of arrangements to gather the different kinds of
vegetables in groups, each by itself, so that the committee
in making awards could more easily decide on the merits of
competing exhibits. This arrangement added greatly to
the attractiveness of this department. A finer exhibit of
vegetables has seldom been made.

A difficulty is found in marking vegetables so that they
can be delivered to their rightful owners. The same diffi-
culty is found in regard to fruit ; a large portion of vege-
tables and all kinds of fruit are put in plates and these
cannot be properly marked. The cards placed on them are
taken up and quite frequently put on the wrong plate and
in various ways misplaced so that the owners often find it
difficult to determine which plate belongs to them. This
gives an opportunity, to those who are careless, to take
articles similar without being particular to get the ones
they brought.

The use of tags now used for marking counterpanes,
rugs, afghans, flowers and articles of general merchandise,
assures the delivery of these articles to their right owners,
and if they could be used in marking fruit and vegetables
it would insure the delivery of every entry to its rightful
owner. But the society has an ample supply of plates for
fruit even when fruit is abundant. This year nearly or
quite half of the plates were used for vegetables, but in an
ordinarily good fruit year this could not be done and it
would be advisable to adopt some way of exhibiting vege-
tables other than by the use of plates. Some quite inex-
pensive method could bo adopted which would obviate the
difficulty above named ; boxes, baskets, wooden or fibre
plates could be procured at small expense. Each could
then be marked with a tag which would remain until the
delivery of the exhibit.

Much difficulty is found in furnishing ticket sellers with
a -sufficient quantity of five cent pieces to make change.
The price of admission being, twenty cents it becomes
necessary to give to nearly every person purchasing a ticket
five cents in exchange. Nearly or quite eighty dollars in
five cent pieces had to be procured in Beverly each year for
that purpose, and it was with much difficulty that these
were obtained. Would it not be more advisable to make
the price of admission twenty-five cents for adults and fif-
teen cents for children under twelve years of age ?

Very efficient aid was rendered by Mr. Whitcomb as
assistant superintendent, and by the ladies and gentlemen
who served on the committee of arrangements and those
who served as clerks. Nearly all served the previous year
and that experience gave to each ample knowledge of what
was required.

The number of entries were as follows :
Dairy, Entries, 7 No. of contributors, 3

Bread, " 46 " ", 42

Canned fruit, " 19 " " 17

Bees, hives and honey, " 19 " " 4

Pears, Entries, 216 No. of contributors 110

Apples, " 178 " " 91
Peaches, grapes and assorted

fruit, « 105 " "75

Plants and flowers, " 155 " " 101

Vegetables, " 317 " "110

Grain and seed. " 14 " " 10

Counterpanes and afghans, " 119 " " 115

Rugs, « 103 " " 82

Articles made of leather, " 21 " " 11
Manufactures and general

merchandise, " 29 " " 29

Fancy work, " 329 " "287

Works of art, « 178 " " 123

Work by children, " 60 " " 52

Respectfully submitted,

AMOS MERRILL, Superintendent of Hall.

DAIRY.

The Committee on Dairy have attended to their duty,
and respestfully report to the Secretary, that they have
made the following awards :
$8. First premium to C. E. C. Creamery, North Beverly,

for butter.
$6. Second premium, to Ella O. Gowen, West Newbury,

for butter.
f>±. Third premium, to Mrs. George R. Dodge, Hamilton,

for butter.

STATEMENT OF ELLA O. GOWEN, OF WEST NEWBURY, OF

BUTTER MADE PROM THE MILK OF GRADE COWS, OR

A .MIXTURE OF ALL KINDS.

Milk set in (Reid's Peerless) Creamery at a temper-
ature of 45 degrees, stands twelve hours, skimmed, kept
in refrigerator, and not allowed to sour ; churn twice, a
week. Butter washed in two waters, is then salted, three-

fourths ounce salt to a pound of butter. Worked with a
Reid's butter worker, and put in half pound prints for
market.

Note — Other statements not returned to Secretary.

BREAD AND CANNED FRUITS.

The Committee on Bread and Canned Fruits have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that they have made the following awards :
$3. First premium, to Mrs. A. C. Wilson, Beverly, for

white bread.
$2. Second premium, to Sadie Campbell, Swampscott, for

white bread.
$1. Third premium, to Mrs. Allen Smith, Rockport, for

white bread.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. L. H. Perry, Danvers, for white

bread.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Charles Drain, Salem, for white

bread.
50c. Gratuity to Mrs. John Barker, No. Andover, for white

bread.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Annie Hawkes, Saugus, for white
bread.
$2. First premium, to Miss Grace Perry, Danvers, for

graham bread.
|1. Second premium, to Mrs. Lyman S. Wilkins, Middle-
ton, for graham bread.
50c. Gratuity to Annie C. Horsh, Rowley, for graham

bread.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. K S. Peirce, Beverly, for graham

bread.
$1.50. First premium, to Mrs. A. M. Merrill, Wenham, for
brown bread.
$3. First premium, to Mrs. Arthur C. Wilson, Beverly,
for collection of pickles and canned fruit.

$2. Second premium, to Mrs. A. B. Evans, Salem, for
collection of pickles and canned fruit.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Solomon Fuller, Danvers, for 5 jars

preserves.
50c. Gratuity, to Miss M. E. Dwyer, Salem, for preserves
and ketchup.
Mrs. C. W. Gowen, Amanda F. Low, Mrs. B. H. Farnum,
Mrs. B. W. Farnum — Committee.

•

STATEMENT OF GRACE PERRY, FIRST PREMIUM GRAHAM

BREAD.

Process of making- : three cups of Glen Mills graham
flour, two of Haxall flour sifted, one-quarter of Vienna
yeast cake dissolved in a half cup of water, half a teaspoon-
ful of salt, one-half cup of molasses and water, knead fif-
teen minutes, let rise over night, in the morning mould
lightly, put in baking pan, rise one and one half hours, bake
one hour.

STATEMENT OF MRS. A. W. MERRILL, FIRST PREMIUM
BROWN BREAD.

One pint of rye meal, one pint Indian meal, one half pint
molasses, one half pint flour, teaspoonful of salt, two tea-
spoonfuls saleratus, one and one half pints cold water, one
cup raisins, steam three hours.

STATEMENT OF MRS. LYMAN S. WILKINS, SECOND PRE-
MIUM GRAHAM BREAD.

Two quarts graham flour, one quart warm milk, one h alf
cup molasses, one tablespoonful lard, one teaspoonful salt,
one-half cup yeast, made into a sponge, raised three hours,
put in a pan and raised one hour, baked one and one quar-
ter hours.

Note — Other statements not returned to Secretary.

BEES, HIVES AND HONEY.

The Committee on Bees, Hives and Honey have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that they have made the following awards :
$3. First premium, to John Barker, No. Andover, for

honey.
$2. Second premium, to Henry Alley, Wenham, for honey.
$1. Gratuity, to E. L. Blake & Co., Peabody, for honey.
|5. First premium, to Henry Alley, Wenham, for bees,

hives and supplies.
$3. Second premium, to E. L. Blake & Co., Peabody, for

bees, hives and supplies.
$1. Gratuity, to E. T. Edwards, Beverly, for bees.

Reuben W. Ropes, E. A. Emerson, J. Henry Hill —
Committee.

PEARS.

The Committeee on Pears have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :
3.00. First premium to Edwin I. Bates, Lynn, for Baitlett

pears.
3.00. First premium, to C. E. Brown, Peabody, for Belle

Lucrative pears.
3.00. First premium, to C. E. Brown, Peabody, for d'Anjou

pears.
3.00. First premium, to Edwin I. Bates, Lynn, for Duchess

pears.
3.00. First premium, to Edwin I. Bates, Lynn, for Seckle

pears.
3.00. First premium, to Edwin I. Bates, Lynn, for Sheldon

pears.
3.00. First premium, to Edwin I. Bates, Lynn, for Howell

pears.

6.00. First premium, to Edwin I. Bates, Lynn, for collec-
tion of eleven varieties of pears.

3.00. First premium, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for
Dana's Hovey pears.

3.00. First premium, to Sylvester Parrott, Lynn, for Law-
rence pears.

3.00. First premium, to A. C. Osborn, Peabody, for Louis
Bon de Jersey pears.

3.00. First premium, to W. B. Little, Newbury, for Onon-
daga pears.

3.00. First premium, to Rufus Larcom, Beverly, for Para-
dise d'Automne pears.

3.00. First premium, to E. F. Webster, Haverhill, for Mar-
gette pears.

3.00. First premium, to R. W. Ropes, Salem, for Vicar
pears.

3.00. First premium, to H. A. Southwick, Peabody, for
Beurre Clairgeau pears.

3.00. First premium to J. H. Hill, Amesbury, for Bosc
pears.

3.00. First premium to R. W. Ropes, Salem, for Cornice
pears.

1.00. Gratuity, to J. W. Goodell, Lynn, Bartlett pears.

1.00. Gratuity, to R. W. Ropes, Salem, Belle Lucrative
pears.

1.00. Gratuity, to Edwin I. Bates, Lynn, for d'Anjou pears.

1.00. Gratuity, to R. W. Ropes, Salem, for Dutchess pears.

1.00. Gratuity, to I. P. Hale, Rowley, for Lawrence pears.

1.00. Gratuity, to S. S. Lee, Beverly, for Louis Bon de Jer-
sey pears.

1.00. Gratuity, to S. J. Richardson, Lawrence, for Seckle
pears.

1.00. Gratuity, to W. H. Stevens, West Newbury, for Shel-
don pears.

1.00. Gratuity, to Isaac Wilson, Peabody, for Vicar pears.

1.00. Gratuity, to C. P. Savory, Groveland, for Howell
pears.

1.00. Gratuity, to W. B. Little, Newbury, for Beurre Clair-

geau pears.
1.00. Gratuity, to Edwin I. Bates, Lynn, for Bosc pears.
1.00. Gratuity, to J. W. Goodell, Lynn, for Fulton pears.
1.50. Gratuity, to A. C. Woodbury, Beverly, for Brock-
worth Park pears.
1.50. Gratuity, to R. W. Ropes, Salem, for Flemish Beauty

pears.
1.50. Gratuity, to George A. Waite, Danvers, for Merriam

pears.
1.50. Gratuity, to J. W. Dodge, Danvers, for Dodge Seed

ling pears.
1.50. Gratuity, to Allen Barr, Lawrence, for Dana's Hovey
pears.
There were 216 plates of pears, from ninety-five con-
tributors, from nineteen cities and towns.

The committee would recommend striking from the
premium list of pears as being unworthy of cultivation in
Essex county, the Urbaniste and Onondaga, and they ad-
vise to put on the list, the Brockworth Park and Merriam.
They would also recommend that no premium be offered for
collections, inasmuch as the competition has been so small
for the last five or six years, rarely not more than one
contributing.

Peter M. Neal, Geo. Pettengill, J. A. Lamsou, E. F.
Webster, A. C. Osborn — Committee.

APPLES.

The Committee on Apples have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have made
the following awards :

$3.00. First premium, to Mrs. Sarah M. Moore, Peabody,

for Gravenstein.
3.00. First premium, to George F. Sanger, Peabody, for

Drap d'Or.

3.00. First premium, to C. L. Beckett, Peabody, for R. I.
Greening.

3.00. First premium, to Otis Brown, Peabody, for Rox-

bury Russet.
3.00. First premium, to D. H. Ilsley, Newbury, for Hunt's

Russet.
3.00. First premium, to G. W. Lunt, Newbury, for Red

Russet.
3.00. First premium, to Horace Ware, Clifton, Marble-
bead, for Pickman Pippen.
3.00. First premium, to B. F. Huntington, Amesbury, for

Hubbardston.
3.00. First premium, to B. F. Huntington, Amesbury, for

Sweet Baldwin.
3.00. First premium, to B. F. Huntington, Amesbury, for

Nortbern Spy.
3.00. First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

King of Tompkins.
3.00. First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

Bailey's Sweet.
3.00. First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

Smith's Cider.
3.00. First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

Granite Beauty.
3.00. Fir.-t premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

Snow.
3.00. First premium, to Dr. Wm. Mack, Salem, for Dan-

vers Sweet.
1.50. Gratuity, to George A. Woodbury, Beverly, for

Byalop Crab.
1.00. Gratuity, to Wm. Burke Little, Newbury, for Smith's

Cider.
1.00. Gratuity, to G. W. Chadwick, W. Boxford, for

Pearmain Russet.
1.00. Gratuity, to Geo. W. Cbadwick, W. Boxford, for

Pearmain.
1.00. Gratuity, to S. B George, Groveland, for Hants'

Russet.

1.00. Gratuity, to S. L. Titcomb, West Newbury, for Rox-

bury Russet.
1.50. Gratuity, to G. W. Luiit, Newbury, for Mann apple.
1.00. Gratuity, to J. M. Estes, Peabody, for Pearmain.
1.50. Gratuity, to Albert Kimball, Bradford, for Ordway
1.00. Gratuity, to Geo. A. Wait, Danvers, for Catshead.
1.00. Gratuity, to Win. R. Cole, W. Boxford, for Kilham

Hill.
1.00. Gratuity, to Wm. R. Cole, W. Boxford, for Porter.
1.50. Gratuity, to Geo. D. Walton, Peabody, for Hass

Apple.
1.50. Gratuity, to E. A. Emerson, Haverhill, for Green

Sweet.
1.50. Gratuity, to E. A. Emerson, Haverhill, for Butler

Greening.
1.00. Gratuity, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for Red

Russet.
1.00. Gratuity, to Geo. A. Wait, Danvers, for Canada Red.
1.00. Gratuity, to L. F. Nichols, Peabody, for Danvers

Sweet.
1.00. Gratuity, to Frank Larrabee, So. Peabody, for Hub-

bardston.
J. W. Goodell, Chas. M. Lunt, E. A. Emerson, H. W.
Munroe — Committee.

As Chairman of the Committee on Apples, at the Essex
Agricultural Exhibit for 1890, we would beg leave to add
to our report on premiums, already made, the following
suggestions.

In our examinations for awarding premiums we found
many plates of fruit entered under wrong names, which the
exhibitors honestly believed they were entitled to, being
bought and paid for as such.

This is only the natural result of dealing with strange
unscrupulous vendors of nursery stock. One fellow comes
around exhibiting his high colored plates of the finest va-
rieties of fruits and flowers, and by the free use of his oily

tongue persuades the unwary to give an order — for what he
supposes to be first class goods, true to name. Several
months after follows his confederate, delivering the goods
and collecting the cash. Very likely neither of the parties
own a single bearing tree. The stock is picked up here and
there about the country, perhaps bought at auction, at least
obtained in the cheapest market, knowing full well that it
will be years before you will find out your sad mistake, and
they will be out of harm's way, and chuckling over their
ill gotten gains. You in the mean time will go to work and
graft the trees with good harvest fruits, for the sole benefit
of the next generation. Our advice in such cases, would
be, deal only with persons having a good reputation for
telling the truth, and an abiding place where they can be
found, if any explanation is wanted.

These facts it would be well to bear in mind, that all
trees, like animals, when moved a long distance, must
needs go through a season of acclimation. Also that all
varieties of apples, when removed to a milder climate, de-
teriorate both in the beauty of their brilliant color and their
sprightly acid flavor, and keeping qualities, although they
may increase in size. Probably no tree which is expected
to grow a crop of fruit, is so abused and neglected as the
apple. It will grow in almost any soil, yet it flourishes
only in good strong alluvial soil, and it is no detriment if
there are plenty of boulder rocks, to spoil the apples when
they fall, and here let us add an axiom, poor fruit should
never be raised, good fruit never shaken from the tree.

Select a sheltered spot, among the hills, after the land is
well prepared by previous cultivation in hard crops, dig
good, large, broad holes 30 to 40 feet apart, loom the earth
well in the bottom and sides. Set tree the same depth as
it had been grown. Single out all small roots, pack the earth
firmly, continue to cultivate the land with hard crops, using
manure enough to insure good crops of vegetables. When
the orchard begins to bear fruit, the land may be seeded to
grass and pastured, best by sheep or horses, never by

horned cattle. The hog may be a good renovator for the
old turf bound orchard, but as an ornament among a good
thrifty lot of fruit trees, he is not a success.

In the matter of pruning, good surgery demands that
every amputation shall be dressed. Many cultivators ad-
vise you to prune in the winter time, while you have plenty
of leisure time, and the stump will get hard before the sap
begins to flow. We would advise pruning when the sap is
circulating freely, and all wounds brushed over with shel-
lac in alcohol, coal tar, or a coat of thick oil paint. Shel-
lac is apt to crack, we give preference to coal tar, it being
much cheaper and would be used freely, and is sufficiently
pungent to keep insects at a respectful distance.

We would advise pruning so as to keep the branches as
near the ground as consistent with cultivation, giving less
exposure to strong winds when laden with fruit in summer,
or ice in winter, and materially aiding in the gathering of
the fruit.

It must not be supposed that when the orchard begins to
bear, and the land has been laid down to grass, no fertili-
zer is required, but bear in mind that it takes one kind of
fertilizer to grow a tree and another to grow the fruit.

All bearing trees must have more or less potash, whether
it is supplied by wood ashes or in a more concentrated
form with compost and spread broad cast, it matters not,
but the potash must precede the fruit.

In raising fruit we find the enemy omnipresent, and dili-
gent in season. These are the codling moth, canker worm
and the tent caterpillar. The former two are vanquished
by the tarred paper on the trunk, and sponging the branch-
es with solution of London purple before the young fruit is
heavy enough to fall over, thereby giving the young worm
a dose of poison before it enters the fruit.

The caterpillar is a later visitor, but appears to be in-
creasing, as the canker worm decreases. We have found
the political torch the most efficient, attached to a long
pole; regulate the stick so as to give a broad blaze, and pass

it quickly along the under side of the limb, on which the
tent is located ; you may burn some of the foliage but the
branch is not injured. This is to be done early in the
morning before the vermin have gone to their work of de-
struction. It costs no more to raise and support a tree
bearing first class fruit, than third class. The profit and
satisfaction will be the difference, between success and
failure. Always pick by hand, on a dry day, handle care-
fully, pack only in clean casks in which fruit has never been
allowed to decay, give them time to sweat before packing
theni, keep in as cool a place as possible without freezing,
mark name and quality on each barrel, so that you will not
hesitate to have them opened in the presence of yourself
and your customer, and that smiles only, will pervade both
of your countenances, at the sight.

It is no easy task to compile a list of the best apples to
be raised in Essex County. The trade demands some or
all of the following qualities, good size and color, sharp
pleasant flavor, possessing a definite character, and good
keeping qualities as a result of our observations of the ex-
hibitions of the last twenty years. We should make out a
list something like the following : William's Early, Red
Astrachan, Golden Sweet, Gravenstien, Lyscom, Porter,
Hubbardston, Late Strawberry, Duchess of Oldenburgh,
Drap d'Or, Golden Pippen, Garden Royal, Hunt's Russet,
Baldwin, Rhode Island Greening, Roxbury Russet, Dan-
vcrs Sweet, Smith's Cider, Kilham Hill. Farmuse and
Northern Spy would be classed as doubtful, }ret we had
some very good specimens of both varieties at this year's
exhibit, and more confidence is had in their cultivation.

Several new varieties were brought to our notice, among
them the Mann which may be found described on pages 21
and 22 in the appendix of Downing's last edition on fruits ;
for it is claimed, good size, form and quality, early and
annual bearer, and a late keeper, January to April.

This apple was exhibited by Mr. C. N. Lunt of Newbury.
Another variety, the Ordway by Mr. Albert Kimball of

Bradford, which we have been unable to find described in
the books, we would call the attention of the committee on
new fruits to these two varieties, worthy of their attention
and study. Specimens can doubtless be had from the
above cultivators, together with such information as they
may possess in regard to the trees and their fruits. In
picking fruit for exhibition leave the ivhole stem on. Select
a sample which possesses the greatest number of character-
istics of its species, and fill your plate with specimens as
uniform as possible. Any great difference in size, detracts
much from the good appearance. The largest is not always
the best specimen of its kind. It is liable to be irregular
in form, and lacking in color and beauty.

Respectfully submitted,

J. W. GOODELL, Chairman.

PEACHES, GRAPES AND ASSORTED FRUIT.

12.00. First premium, to Frederick Lamson, Salem, for
Freestone peaches.

2.00. First premium, to Mrs. Seth Norwood, Beverly, for
late Crawford peaches.

2.00. First premium, to H. P. Foster, Beverly, for Seedling-
peaches.

1.00. Gratuity, to Josiah A. Haskell, Beverly, for peaches.

50c. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for White Flesh
peaches.

50c. Gratuity, to W. H. Flint, Danvers, for Seedling
peaches.

1.00. Gratuity, to Chas. H. Perry, Beverly, for late Craw-
ford peaches.

50c. Gratuity, to A. C. Osborn, Peabody, for Blood
peaches.

,50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. L. Webber, Beverly, for late
Crawford peaches.

50c. Gratuity, to Wm. A. Jacobs, Danversport, for early

Crawford peaches.
50c. Gratuity, to M. C. Andrews, Andover, for Lemon
peaches.

3.00. First premium, to Geo. Pettengill, Salem, for Con-
cord grapes.

3.00. First premium, to S. M. Titcomb, West Newbury,
for Worden's Seedling grapes.

3.00. First premium, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for
Brighton grapes.

3.00. First premium, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for
Hartford Prolific grapes.

3.00. First premium, to Wm. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for
Deleware grapes.

3.00. First premium, to C. S. Beckett, Peabody, for Mar-
tha grapes.

3.00. First premium, to Wm. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for
Moore's Early grapes.

3.00. First premium, to Wm. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for
Niagara grapes.

3.00. First premium, to Geo. Stickney, Beverly, for
Golden Hamburg grapes.

4.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for basket as-
sorted fruit.

1.50. First premium, to Geo. D. Walton, Peabody, for
Pocklington grapes.

1.00. Gratuity, to R. B. Dodge, Beverly, for Vergenes
grapes.

1.00. Gratuity, to Samuel Newman, Peabody, for Jessica
grapes.

50c. Gratuity, to Albert H. Merrill, Peabody, for Brigh-
ton grapes.

50c. Gratuity, to A. C. Osborn, Peabody, for Moore's
early grapes.

50c. Gratuity, to J. W. Goodell, Lynn, for Hartford
Prolific grapes.

1.00. Gratuity, to James M. Estes, Peabody, for Brighton
grapes.

7°

1.00. Gratuity to Geo. Stickney, Baverly, for collection of
hot house grapes.

50c. Gratuity, to Wm. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for Pren-
tice grapes.

50c. Gratuity, to Wm. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for Ver-
genes grapes.

50c. Gratuity, to Sarah M. Moore, Peabody, for Lady
grapes.

50c. Gratuity, to J . W. Goodell» Lynn, for Imp. Gage
plums.

50c. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for plums.

50c. Gratuity, to M. Wilkinson, Beverly, for prunes.

50c. Gratuity, to Frank A. Emery, Andover, for black-
berries.

1.00. Gratuity, to Geo. A. Wait, Danvers, for quinces.

Thos. C. Thurlow, Thos. P. Hale, Rufus Kimball, An-
drew Nichols, John Hobbs — Committee.

PLANTS AND FLOWERS.

The Committee on Plants and Flowers have attended

to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary

that they have made the following awards :

$1.00. First premium, to Mrs. Mary A. Eaton, Lynn, for

twelve Scabiosas.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. E. A. Willard, Lynn, for

Geraniums, double.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. E. A. Willard, Lynn, for

twelve single Geraniums.
1 .00. Gratuity, to Miss Emily Ropes, Beverly, for peren-
nial Gladiolas.
5.00. First premium, to Miss Mary Mitchell, Beverly,

for one hundred (fifty varieties) cut flowers.
1.00. Gratuity, to John E. Mitchell, Beverly, for boquet

Roses.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. John Glover, Beverly, for boquet
Asters.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. S. P. Buxton, Peabody, for
Coxcombs.

50c. Gratuity, to Bessie Grace, Bjverly, for basket of
Dahlias.

1.00. First premium, to Julia A. Cain, Lynn, for twwity-
four French Marigolds.

1.00. First premium, to Julia A. Cain, Lynn, for twenty-
four African Marigolds.

1.00. Gratuity, to Julia A. Cain, Lynn, for ten Gera-
niums, double.

1.00. Gratuity, to Joseph J. Conley, West Newbury, for
collection Dianthus.

1.00. First premium, to W. S. Ward, Salem, for collec-
tion Carnations.

1.00. First premium, to T. C. Thurlow, West Newbury,
for twelve Pompom Dahlias.

1.00. First premium, to T. C. Thurlow, West Newbury,
for twelve Phlox (hardy).

2.00. First premium, to T. C. Thurlow, West Newbury,
for collection Phlox, twenty-four varieties.

2.00. Gratuity, to T. C. Thurlow, West Newbury, for
collection Gladiolas.

1.00. Gratuity, to T. C. Thurlow, West Newbury, for
two vases Japan Anemones.

2.00. Gratuity, to J. C. Rogers, Peabody, for vase of
Roses.

1.00. First premium, to J. C. Rogers, Peabody, for vase
C annas.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. L. M. Haskell, Salem, for Garden
Anemones.

1.00. Gratuity, to Julia A. Cain, Lynn, for baskefe Im-
mortelles.

1.00. First premium, to Miss Eva R add in, Peabody, for

variety Dahlias.
50c. Gratuity, to Miss Augusta Foster, Beverly, for eol-
lection Dahlias.

5.00. Second premium, to John E. Mitchell, Beverly, for
twenty-five varieties plants and flowers.

1.00. First premium, to John E. Mitchell, Beverly, for

five fancy Gladiolas.
1.00. First premium, to John E. Mitchell, Beverly, for

five Fuchsias.
1.00. First premium, to John E. Mitchell, Beverly, for

five Crotons.
3,00. Second premium, to Julia A. Cain, Lynn, for one

hundred flowers, fifty varieties.
1.00. First premium, to John E. Mitchell, Beverly, for

five Dracenas.
1.00. First premium, to George Ward, Beverl}r, for col-
lection twenty-four Zinnias.
1.00. Gratuity, to George Ward, Beverly, for display of

Pansies.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. W. R. Cloutman, Salem, for

Brugmansias.
1.00. First premium, to Abbie L. Cain, Lynn, for Nas-
turtiums.
10.00. First premium, to David Weir, Beverly, for

twenty-five varieties Foliage plants and flowers.
1.00. First premium, to David Weir, Beverly, for five

Begonias.
1.00. First premium, to David Weir, Beverly, for five

Ferns.
1.00. Second premium, to Mrs. David Warren, Swamps-

cott, for pair boquets, Native Flowers.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. David Warren, Swampscott, for

basket Garden Flowers.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mary A. Titcomb, Lynn, for Ama-
ryllis.
3.00. Second premium, to Mrs. J. C. Vickary, Lynn, for

Design Crescent.
2.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. C. Vickary, Lynn, for

pair boquets, Native Flowers.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. C. Vickary, Lynn, for

Drummond's Phlox.
2.00. First premium, to Mrs. Mary A. Eaton, Lynn, for

pair boquets, Garden Flowers.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. Mary A. Eaton, Lynn, for

twenty-four single Petunias.
1.00. Gratuity, to S. D. Stanley, Lynn, for Tuberous

Rooted Begonias.
Mrs. Edwin V. Gage, Louisa P. Weston, Lucy H.
Bowdoin, Thomas Hale — Committee.

VEGETABLES.

The Committee on Vegetables have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :
$3.00. First premium, to I. O. Edwards, Beverly, for

Brunswick cabbage.
3.00. First premium, to I. O. Edwards, Beverly, for

American Imp. Savoy cabbage.
3.00. First premium, to Hooper A. Appleton, Beverly,

for Red Drumhead cabbage.
2.00. Second premium, to James F. Potter, Beverly, for

Red Dutch cabbage.
2.00. Second premium, to John W. Elliot, Beverly, for

Brunswick cabbage.
3.00. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for

Stone Mason cabbage.
2.00. Second premium, to William A. Jacobs, Danvers-

port, for Stone Mason cabbage.
2.00. Second premium, to Frank A. Emeiy, Andover,

for Savoy cabbage.
3.00. First premium, to Issachar Foster, Jr., Beverly, for

Marblehead squash.
3.00. First premium, to Charles A. Mason, Beverly, for

Bay State squash.
3.00. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for

Hubbard squash.
3.00. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for

Essex Hybrid squash.

3.0$. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for
Sibley squash.

3. Oft. First premium, to A. A. Mason, Beverly, for Turban
squash.

3.0*. First premium, to John W. Elliot, Danvers, for Dan-
vers Intermediate carrot.

3.00. First premium, to William A. Jacobs, Danversport,
for Boston Marrow squash.

3 09. First premium, to A. A. Mason, Beverly, for Dan-
vers onions.

3.00. First premium, to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for
Yellow Flat onions.

3.00. First premium, to James J. H. Gregory, Marble-
head, for Red Globe onions.

3.00. First premium, to I. O. Edwards, Beverly, for Car-
dinal tomatoes.

3.00. First premium, to A. F. Lee, Beverly, for Livings-
ton's Peerless tomatoes.

3.00. First premium, to A. F. Lee, Beverly, for Red
Cross tomatoes.

3.00. First premium, to Edwin I. Bates, Lynn, for Acme
tomatoes.

3.00. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for
early Crosby sweet corn.

3.09. First premium, to William A. Jacobs, Danversport,
for Mammoth sweet corn.

3.00. First premium, to Charles A. Mason, Beverly, for
Nutmeg melon.

3. Of. First premium, to Charles A. Mason, Beverly, for
Dewing's beets.

3.0ft. First premium, to William A. Jacobs, Danversport,
for^long, smooth parsnips.

3.00. First premium, to William A. Jacobs, Danversport,
for Ed maud's beets.

3.013. First premium, to William B. Little, Newbury, for
Short Horn carrots.

3.0$; First premium, to Edwin I. Bates, Lynn, for Sal-
mon Flesh melons.

3.00. First premium, to Calvin Foster, Beverly, for

Watermelons.
3.00. First premium, to Andrew Lane, Rockport, for

cranberries.
3.00. First premium, to George E. Ward, Beverly, for

White Plume celeiy.
3.00. First premium, to William B. Little, Newbury, for

Early Rose potatoes.
3.00. First premium, to William B. Little, Newbury, for

White Ruta Baga turnips.
3.00. First premium, to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for

Eclipse beets.
3.00. First premium, to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for

Yellow Ruta Baga turnips.
3.00. First premium, to Edwin I. Bates, Lynn, for Man-
gold Wurtzels.
3.00. First premium, to N. P. Perkins, Wenham, for

Essex Hybrid tomatoes.
3.00. First premium, to W. H. Greenleaf, Salisbury, for

L. I. Beauty cauliflowers.
3.00. First premium, to H. A. Stiles, Middleton, for

White turnip.
3.00. First premium, to William R. Cole, Boxford, for

cranberries.
3.00. First premium, to William R. Cole, Boxford,

for Clarke's No. 1 potatoes.
3.00. First premium, to William R. Cole, Boxford, for

Pearl of Savoy potatoes.
2.00. Second premium, to E. Rust, Peabody, for Black

cranberries.
3.00. First premium, to Albert Berry, North Andover,

for Purple Top turnips.
2.00. Second premium, to Frank A. Emery, Andover,

for cauliflower.
3.00. First premium, to James J. EL Gregory, Marble-
head, for earl}'- Maine potatoes.
3.00. First premium, to William R. Cole, Boxford, for

Beauty of Hebron potatoes.

50c. Gratuity, to Issachar Foster, Jr., Beverly, for Mam-
moth squashes.
50c. Gratuity, to James F. Potter, Beverly, for onions.
50c. Gratuity, to James F. Potter, Beverly, for Bell

peppers.
50c. Gratuity, to James P. King, Peabody, for Danvers

carrot.
1.00. Gratuity, to William A. Jacobs, Danversport, for

Essex Hybrid squash.
1.00. Gratuity, to William A. Jacobs, Danversport, for

Hubbard squash.
50c. Gratuity, to William A. Jacobs, Danversport, for

Sugar pumpkin.
1.00. Gratuity, to William B. Little, Newbury, for early

Dunlap squash.
1.00. Gratuity, to William B. Little, Newbury, for

Beauty of Hebron potatoes.
2.00. Gratuity, to William B. Little, Newbury, for col-
lection of potatoes.
1.00. Gratuity, to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for Red

Globe onions.
1.00. Gratuity, to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for Ed-

mand's beets.
1.00. Gratuity, to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for long,

smooth parsnip.
50c. Gratuity, to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for Sibley

squashes.
1.00. Gratuity, to A. A. Mason, Beverly, for Danvers

onion.
1.00. Gratuity, to Frank A. Emery, Andover, for Ruta

Baga turnips.
50c. Gratuity, to Frank A. Emery, Andover, for Purple

Top turnips.
1.00. Gratuity, to William R. Cole, Boxford, for Early

Rose potatoes.
2.00. Gratuity, to A. M. Nickerson, Wenham, for Black

cranberries.

50c. Gratuity, to James Duggan, Salem, for Garden
Lima beans.

50c. Gratuity, to E. J. Horace, Topsfield, for cauli-
flower.

8.00. First premium, to J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead,
for best collection of vegetables.

6.00. Second premium, to A. A. Mason, Beverly, for col-
lection of vegetables.

4.00. Third premium, to Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for
collection of vegetables.
M. B. Faxon, A. P. Fuller, E. L. Wildes, John B-
Faxon, J. Henry Hill — Committee.

GRAIN AND SEED.

The Committee on Grain and Seed have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :
$5.00. First premium, to John Barker, North Andover, for

25 ears Field corn.
3.00. Second premium, to Jeremiah Bresnahan, Peabody,

for 25 ears Field corn.
2.00. Third premium, to John B. King, Middleton, for

25 ears Field corn.
3.00. First premium, to A. C. Osborn, Peabody, for 25

ears Pop corn.
2.00. Second premium, to Geo. D. Walton, Peabody, for

25 ears Pop corn.
8.00. First premium, to J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead,

for collection of Field and Garden seeds.
6.00. Second premium, to Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for

collection of Field and Garden seeds.
Joshua B. Grant, Albert Berry, Win. H. Smith, John K.
Bancroft— Committee.

COUNTERPANES AND AFGHANS.

The Committee on Counterpanes and Afghans have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that they have made the following awards :
$4.00. First premium, to Mrs. E. G. Mears, Danvers, for

Silk quilt.
2.00. Second premium, to L. A. Hawkins, Salem, for

Patch quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to A. B. Brown, Salem, for quilt and sham.
1.00. Gratuity, to M. E. Buxton, Peabody, for Knit quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. W. Taylor, Amesbury, for quilt

and shams.
.75. Gratuity, to Lydia A. Wilson, Beverly, for Knit

quilt.
1.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. W. B. Furber, Lynn, for Silk quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. F. Howes, Beverly, for Silk

quilt.
1.00. Gratuitv, to Mrs. Sally Cloutman, Wenham, for

Patch quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to M. A. Narbonne, Salem, for Knit quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Emma W. Herrick, No. Beverly, for

quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to W. Hutchings, Salem, for quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. P. Baker, Peabody, for Afghan.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. B. M. Smith, Beverly, for Afghan.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. C. Pike, Peabody, for Afghan.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. I. Quimby, Wenham, for Afghan.
.75. Gratuity, to Miss K. L. Babcock, Salem, for Silk

quilt.
Mrs. A. F. Harvey, Mrs. David Warren, Martha P.
Swinerton, Mrs. N. Dole — Committee.

CARPETINGS AND RUGS.

The Committee on Carpetings and Rugs have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards:

$3.00. First premium, to Mrs. W. H. Tyler, Manchester,

for wrought Hearth rug.
2.00. First premium, to Mrs. Pushee, Beverly, for Drawn

rug.
4.00. First premium, to Mrs. Ambrose Paul, Salem, for

Drawn carpeting.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Daniel Murray, Salem, for Drawn

rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss B. F. Cook, Wenham, for Braided
mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Preston, Beverly, for Harness mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. L. Crosby, Beverly, for Braided
mat.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. H. Richards, Beverly, for
Drawn rug.
.75. Gratuity, to Austin Quimby, Salem, for Drawn rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Stafford, Beverly, for Braided mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Lydia P. Ober, Beverly, for Drawn rug.
1 .00. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. C. Trask, Beverly, for Knit rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. A. Dunn, Salem, for Braided

mat.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. L. Johnson, Ipswich, for four
Drawn rugs.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. E. Cook, Newburyport, for
Braided mat.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Elnathan Dodge, Beverly, for
Drawn rug.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. B. M. Smith, Beverly, for Knit

rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. H. S. Baker, Beverly, for Drawn

rug.
.50. Gratuity, io Miss Nellie Holan, Topsfield, for Knit
rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. R. Sanborn, Lawrence, for Knit
Silk rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Mary Trask, Beverly, for Drawn
rug.

.50. Gratuity, to Miss Sadie Savage, Beverly, for Knit

rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Porter Brown, No. Beverly, for

Knit rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. 0. Trask, Beverly, for Drawn

rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. M. Titcornb, Lynn, for Braided

mat.
.75. Gratuity, to Elizabeth Dell, Marblehead, for Rag

mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. M. Titcornb, Lynn, for Braided

mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Calvin Foster, Beverly, for Drawn rug.
.50. Gratuity, to S. A. Berry, Beverly, for Button mat.
.50. Gratuity, to E. F. Merchant, Beverly, for Braided

mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. John L. Ober, Beverly, for Knit

rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. Hussey, Beverly, for Knit rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Calvin Foster, Beverly, for Drawn rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Fitz W. Davis, East Gloucester, for

Button mat.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. Swift, East Gloucester, for Drawn

rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Wm. F. Story, Salem, for Drawn

rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. J. Ham, Beverly, for Drawn

rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Eleanor Jackson, Beverly, for But-
ton mat.
Mrs. N. E. Ladd, Andrew Nichols, Mrs. T. C. Thurlow,.
Mrs. J. Henry Hill — Committee.

MANUFACTURES FROM LEATHER.

The Committee on Articles Manufactured from Leather
have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to

the Secretary that they have made the following awards:
$5.00. First premium, to Chas. P. Spencer & Co., Salem,

for 1 Gilt Carryall harness.
3.00. Gratuity, to Chas. P. Spencer & Co., Salem, for 1

Silver Track harness.
5.00. First premium, to Barker & Kilham, Beverly, for

1 Express harness.
5.';0. First premium, to Wm. T. Works, Beverly, for 1

Sett Team harness.
2.00. Gratuity, to McDonald & Hanaford, North An-

dover, for 1 Coupe harness.
2.00. Gratuity, to McDonald & Hanaford, North An-

dover, for I Single Strap Buggy harness.
1.00. Gratuity, to George E. Lewis, Peabody, for 6

bunches belting.
2.00. Gratuity, to W. H. Flint, Danvers, for men's,

youths' and boys' Balmoral shoes.
2.00. First premium, to Clark Bros. & Morgan, Beverly,

for ladies' boots.
Diploma, to Clark Bros. & Morgan, Beverly, for fine ex-
hibit of ladies' shoes.
Diploma, to Edmund Giles Jr., Beverly, for exhibit of

ladies', gents' and misses' boots and shoes.
Henry Hobs, S. D. Hood, Henry E. Reynolds, Albert
P erry — Co m m ittee .

FANCY WORK.

The Committee on Fancy Work have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :
$1.00. First premium, to Mrs. John H. Glover, Peabody,

for crochet lace.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. Wm. P. Farnham, Beverly,

• for lace edging.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. Herbert Walker, Beverly,
for tray cloth.

1.00. First premium, to Helen Southard, Beverly, for

suspenders.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. M. A. Osgood, No. Bever-
ly, for tidy.
1.00. First premium, to Nellie S. Andrews, Salem, for

pillow shams.
1.00. First premium, to Abby Porter, Beverly, for

aprons.
1.00. First premium, to Maggie Dugan, Beverly, for sofa
pillow.

.75. Second premium, to R. C. Smith, Salem, for lamp
shade.

.75. Second premium, to Maggie Collins, Beverly, for
fan.

.75. Second premium, to Nellie Blaney, Peabody, for
scarf.

.75. Second premium, to R. M. Wilkinson, Peabody,
for knitting work.

.75. Second premium, to M. S. Mitchell, Beverly, for
pillow cases.

.75. Second premium, to Lillie Paine, Beverly, for
apron.

.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. Arthur Elliot, Peabody, for in-
fant's dress.

.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. R. B. Raymond, Beverly, for
tidy and lace.

.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. Ruth Kimball, Peabody, for pen-
work bag.

.75. Gratuity, to Ella A. Dow, Beverly, for handker-
chief.
.75. Gratuity, to Hattie F. Buxton, Peabody, for pic-
ture scarf.

.75. Gratuity, to George Odell, Salem, for screen.

.75. Gratuity, to L. Mabel Hurst, Beverly, for picture
scarf.

.75. Gratuity, to Clara Swasey, Beverly, for pillow
sham.

.75. Gratuity, to Emma F. McKenzie, Beverly, for

crochet edging.
.75. Gratuity, to Nellie Dugan, No. Beverly, for sofa

pillow.
.75. Gratuity, to Anna S. Burnham, No. Beverly, for

tidy.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. E. Arrington, Lynn, for apron.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. L. H. Cole, Salem, for apron.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. D. D. Addison, Beverly, for

piece of embroidery.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Charles Andrews, Beverly, for

cushion and mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Andrew Edwards, Beverly, for

child's dress.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. H. Webber, Beverly, for

apron .
.50. Gratuity, to Grace Lefavour, Beverly, for hand

bag.
.50. Gratuity, to M. E. Fiske, Beverly, for tidy.
.50. Gratuity, to Carrie F. Lucas, Salem, for birch

basket and ring.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. John J. Dennis, Beverly, for

stockings.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Geo. Batchelder, Lynn, for in-
fant's sack.
.50. Gratuity, to Sarah Dean, Beverly, for knit lace.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Chas. F. Quimby, Salem, for

pillow sham.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Chas. Whitehouse, Beverly, for

knit edging.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. G. H. Southwick, Beverly, for

crazy work.
.50. Gratuity, to M. C. Young, Wenham, for embroidery.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Mary Harkins, Beverly, for

crochet and knit lace.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Lizzie Ober, Beverly, for tidy.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. F. Allen, Beverly, for dust

bag.

.50. Gratuity, to Mary Forness, Peabody, for Mexican

work.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. S. Dow, Beverly, for crocheted

basket.
.50. Gratuity, to S. M. Perry, Beverly, for skirt.
.50. Gratuity, to Abbie Appleton, Beverly, for toast

napkin.
.50. Gratuity, to Grace Wood, Beverly, for knit purse.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. W. F. Porter, Beverly, for skirt.
.50. Gratuity, to Kitty Phalen, Salem, for handkerchief

and lace.
.50. Gratuity, to Lizzie Walker, Beverly, for bed shoes.
.50. Gratuity, to J. H. Cummings, Amesbury, for foot

rest.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. R. B. Raymond, Beverly, for pin

balls.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Joseph Woodbury, Beverly, for

embroidered chevea.
.50. Gratuity, to Sarah F. Trask, Beverly, for table

mats.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. R. L. Stanwood, Beverly, for

pillow shams.
.50. Gratuity, to Julia Haregau, Beverly, for tidy.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. James Porter, No. Beverly, for

tidy.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Ella Morgan, Beverly, for lace

ends.
.50. Gratuity, to Sarah T. Wood, Beverly, for tidy.
.50. Gratuity, to Stella F. Gentlee, Beverly, for paper

flowers.
.50. Gratuity, to Lizzie Foster, Beverly, for tidy.
.50. Gratuity, to M. D. Story, Beverly, for tidy.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Joseph Williams, Beverly, for

apron.
.50. Gratuity, to Mary E. Turner, Beverly, for bead bag.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Nancy Knowlton, Hamilton, for

pair worsted hose.

§5

.50. Gratuity, to Marion Swasey, Beverly, for doilies.

.50. Gratuity, to Mira C. Blake, Danversport, for crazy
plates.

-50. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. S. Cilley, Salem, for night
dress.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. Dugan, No. Beverly, for apron.

.50. Gratuity, to Clara Corning, No. Beverly, for apron.

.50. Gratuity, to Mary E. Stone, Marblehead, for apron.

.50. Gratuity, to S. A. Berry, Beverly, for tidy.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. W. P. Jones, Beverly, for sofa
pillow.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Wm. H. Joint, Lynn, for sofa
pillow.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. H. S. Sabaris, Beverly, for cush-
ion.

.50. Gratuity, to Essie M. Shove, Peabody, for knit
skirt.
Elizabeth P. Nichols, Frances O. Perkins, Emily Camp-
bell— Committee.

WORKS OF ART.

The Committee on Works of Art have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :

$2.00. Gratuity, to C. H. Dockham, Beverly, for crayon
work.
.75. Gratuity, to E. F. Davis, Lynn, for oil painting.
2.00. Gratuity, to S. E. Dwyer, Salem, for oil painting.
.50. Gratuity, to Agnes McMahon, Lynn, for oil paint-
ing.
2.00. Gratuity, to W. C. Thayer, Hamilton, for oil paint-
ing.
1.00. Gratuity, to Katie Lynch, Beverly, for crayon.
1.00. Gratuity, to Grace D. Gladden, Hamilton, for oil
painting.

.50. Gratuity, to Millie Hathaway, Gloucester, lustre
painting.

.50. Gratuity, to Celia Merrill, Wenham, for repousee
work.

.50. Gratuity, to Thomas E. Green, Beverly, pen and
ink drawing.

.50. Gratuity, to Sarah J. Swett, Marblehead, for oil
painting.
1.50. Gratuity, to J. A. Denis, Beverly, for Sorrento

work.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. David Warren, Swampscott, for
oil painting.

.50. Gratuity, to T. G. Lefavour, Beverly, for oil paint-
ing.
1.00. Gratuity, to James M. Currier, Middleton, for
motto.

.50. Gratuity, to Clara Goldsmith, Beverly, for panel
of oil.
2.00. Gratuity, to Abbie Woodbury, Beverly, for water
colors.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Chas. Lefavour, Beverly, for
plaque of oil.

.75. Gratuity, to May Goodridge, Beverly, for crayon.
3.00. Gratuity, to Mary E. Dockham, Beverly, for oil
painting.

.50. Gratuity, to Addie Abbott, Beverly, for oil paint-
ing.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. G. Mears, Danvers, for shovel
in oil.

.50. Gratuity, to Delia Sheldon, Beverly, for water
color.

.50. Gratuity, to William Linnehan, Beverly, for crayon
drawing.

.50. Gratuity, to E. A. Wallis, Salem, for dress form.

.50. Gratuity, to Frank L. Hildreth, Beverly, for photo-
graph.

.50. Gratuity, to L. Colson, Beverly, for vase.

2.00. Gratuity, to Annie S. Friend, Beverly, for pen and
brush work.

1.50. Gratuity, to W. T. Chappel, Salem, for clayoid
work.
.50. Gratuity, to Alfreda Grant, Danvers, pastelle pic-
ture.

1.00. Gratuity, to M. W. Haskell, Salem, for china.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. D. D. Addison, Beverly, for pic-
ture frames.
.50. Gratuity, to Ella Shackley, Lynn, for oil painting.

1.00. Gratuity, to Cora Whipple, Beverly, for toilet case.

1.00. Gratuity, to John T. Crafts, Manchester, for book
box.

2.00. Gratuity, to L. G. H. San ford, Beverly, for millin-
ery.

3.00. Gratuity, to W. G. Hussey, Salem, for photographs.

3.00. Gratuity, to Haswell, Salem, for colored crayons.

2.00. Gratuity, to Nellie Magoon, Danvers, for oil paint-
ing.

3.00. Gratuity, to W. G. Hussey, Salem, for crayon work.

1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Wood, Beverly, for lustre paint-
ing.
.50. Gratuity, to R. B. Raymond, Beverly, for oil paint-
ing.

The exhibition in this department consisted, as usual,
in the varied branches of Fine, Decorative and Industrial
Art, and made, altogether, a very creditable show. There
were not so many objects which come under the head of
" Decorative Art," which the public in general can, per-
haps, more fully appreciate than the higher branch of
"Fine Art," as there were at the last exhibition. Pos-
sibly this may be accounted for by the fact that no gratu-
ity is awarded for work which has not been executed dur-
ing the last official year ; and, the locality of the exhi-
bition being the same as it was last }'ear, perhaps the
novelty was a little worn off, making the result rather

what the second crop of grass is to the farmer, — possibly
that had nothing whatever to do with it.

Among the works in the department of fine art there
wtte several paintings done by Mrs. Colby, of Wakefield,
which were exhibited ; but of course with the under-
standing that they could receive no award, as that is
granted only to work done in Essex County. They were,
however, far superior to any tiling else in the exhibition,
both in execution and in design, and therefore they per-
formed a most worthy mission as an example to those who
have not yet attained the same skill; a mission which
will be most appreciated by, and most useful to those who
possess the greatest artistic talent. She will have her
reward, though the committee were unable to assign one
to her.

Of course this made the ordeal through which the rest
of the pictures must pass for judgment the more trying,
although they were to be judged from a different stand-
point, because most of the exhibitors had had compara-
tively little experience, and fewer advantages, and they
needed all the more encouragement for that very reason.
Perhaps it was a mistake not to have granted an award to
a verv ambitious painting of " Manchester-by-the-Sea ;'
a sort of bird's eye view, taken probably from nature,
which showed much painstaking work, without good
artistic qualities in execution, woolly clouds, etc.; per-
haps the effect might not have been so bad if it had been
hung at the end of the gallery, where a proper distance
might have "lent enchantment to the view." It may
have some topographical value when that shore shall be-
come thickly populated ; like a picture of the city of
Baltimore when it was composed of only thirty-two
houses, which is now preserved in the Historical rooms of
that city.

Some very good specimens of inlaid work were shown,
the best of which this year was executed by a woman ;
proving that skill in the use of the knife is not limited to

the whittling Yankee boy, but that hands more delicate,
if not so strong, can turn the national accomplishment
into an artistic channel, and produce really line work,
which may be handed down to posterity with as much
pride as is felt in regard to the old Dutch clocks, by which
we can look back through the vicissitudes of several
generations, and see, and delight in work which was put
into this permanent and useful form, and handed down to
us by our ancestors.

A beautiful, neatly-joined, and exquisitely finished
piece of wood work, lined with satin or soft silk, called a
book-box, a worthy home for some of the elaborate publi-
cations of to-day, which dust or careless handling would
easily deface, made by John F. Crafts, of Manchester,
was especially to be commended, as well for its elegant
simplicity as for the thoroughness and skill of the work :
qualities which are far too seldom exhibited by our
countrymen, who are too apt to make haste to be rich by
wasting their best qualities on shabby work, hurriedly
executed and cheaply sold; instead of doing their utmost
to employ worthily whatever talent they may have been
gifted with, and thus produce valuable work which would
improve their own powers and taste, as well as raise the
standard of production, — and also bring a good price from
those who can appreciate it.

Some beautiful decorated letters by Annie S. Friend, of
Beverly, in pen and brush work, were as delicate and ele-
gant as possible, and Miss M. W. Haskell's painting on
china, which was most tasteful and well touched, ought to
be especially emphasized, as most useful and ornamental,
as well as perfect in their kind.

The committee wish to recognize the generosity of the
Trustees in raising the sum to be distributed in gratuities
in this department, to fifty dollars, and to tender their
thanks for the same.

Mary E. Williams, Mrs. Henry A. Hale, Susan P.
Boynton, Daisy F. Raymond, Martha O. Barrett, Mrs.
Charles J. Peabody — Committee.

CHILDREN'S WORK.

The Committee on Children's Work have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :
$3.00. First premium to Louis B. Mader, Beverly, for but-
terflies.
2.06; Second premium, to Edith Pratt, Peabody, for
handkerchief.

.50. Gratuity, to Arthur P. Merrill, Peabody, for but-
terflies.

.50. Gratuity, to Sadie B. Soper, Beverly, for tidy.

.50. Gratuit}', to Daisy Derby, Beverly, for sofa pillow.

.50. Gratuity, to Edwin Todd, Beverly, for quilt.

.50. Gratuity, to Claribel Saul, Salem, for quilt.

.50. Gratuity, to Mary E. Dodge, Hamilton, for oil
painting.

.50. Gratuity, to Arthur Webber, Beverly, for crayon.

.50. Gratuity, to Fred Herrick, Beverly, for mat.

.50. Gratuity, to Alice R. Putnam, Danvers, for napkin.

.50. Gratuity, to Maude Burnham, Beverly, for pillow
case.

.50. Gratuity, to May Maloon, Beverly, for corn cover.

.50. Gratuity, to Edith Tullock, Peabody, for skirt.

.50. Gratuity, to Edith May Trask, Peabody, for bag.

.50. Gratuity, to Jennie F. McKenzie, Beverly, for in-
fant's jacket.

.50. Gratuity, to Florence E. Frazier, Beverly, for dust
bag.

.50. Gratuity, to Laura E. Abbott, Beverly, for bread
bag.

.50. Gratuity, to Lilla F. Perkins, Beverly, for bread
bag.

.50. Gratuity, to Joanna Endicott, Beverly, for scarf.

.50. Gratuity, to Carl Andren, Beverly, for model.

.50. Gratuity, to Walter Herrick, Beverly, for crayon.
Mrs. Bennet Griffin, Mrs. A. B. Fellows, Mrs. Fred A.
Dodge, Rebecca T. Wrood — Committee.

MANUFACTURES AND GENERAL MERCHAN-
DISE.

The Committee on Manufactures and General Mer-
chandise have attended to their duty, and respectfully
report to the Secretary that they have made the following
awards :

$3.00. Gratuity, to W. C. Packard, Salem, for furniture.
2.00. Gratuity, to B. S. Lunt, Beverly, for furniture and

stoves.
2.00. Gratuity, to C. H. & J. Price, Salem, for assortment

of manufactured articles.
1.50. Gratuity, to N. M. Jewett, Ipswich, for horn novel-
ties.
2.00. Gratuity, to F. G. Lefavour, Beverly, for two

cases cutlery.
.50. Gratuity, to Thissell & Bradstreet, Beverly, for wash

boilers.
.50. Gratuity, to Geo. H. Flint, Danvers, for steam

cookers.
.50. Gratuity, to N. E. Crosby, Beverly, for table.
.50. Gratuity, to Fred W. Herrick, Beverly, cabinet.
1.00. Gratuity, to C. A. Lawrence, Beverly, for bean pots.
1.00. Gratuity, to Daniel Murray, Salem, for shackles

and ante rattlers.
1.00. Gratuity, to James A. Roome, Peabody, for horse
shoes.
.50. Gratuity, to C. E. Brown & Co., Beverly, for stuffed
birds, rugs, Szc.
1.00. Gratuity, to C. E. Marsh, Lynn, for criterion soap.
.50. Gratuity, to S. R. Rogers, Salem, sewing machines.
.50. Gratuity, to J. Larcom, Beverly, collection of
coins.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. F. Warren Upton, Peabody, silk
worm cocoons.
.50. Gratuity, to Althea Story, Essex, silk worm cocoons.
.50. Gratuity, to J. L. Morse, Beverly, for painted carpet-
ings.
David P. Waters, George Buchan, Henry Alley- Com-
mittee.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON IMPROVING
WASTE LAND.

The Committee on the Improvement of Waste Land
have visited the two pieces entered, and award the follow-
ing premiums.

$15.00. First premium, to John H. George, of Methuen.
10.00. Second premium, to Albert Titcomb, of Rowley.

STATEMENT OF JOHN H. GEORGE.

The piece of land which I enter for the society's pre-
mium for improvement of land to add to its agricultural
value, five years ago was in wood, cutting about thirty-
five cords to the acre, mostly oak, second growth trees
from six inches to two feet through growing in clumps,
the land lies about two miles from the city of Lawrence
and three-quarters of a mile from Methuen Village, in
Methuen, and adjoining lands sell for from $150 to $200
per acre. This piece was about as rough as any in the
neighborhood. I was prompted to buy, and clear it by
hearing a lecture at one of the Essex Co. Institutes
delivered by the Hon. J. J. H. Gregory, in which he said
if a man needed the land, and had the money it would
pay better to improve the land than let the money lay in
a savings bank at four or six per cent. I had the money,
the land was for sale, and whether it justifies Mr. Greg-
ory's statement the figures will show.

I bought the land so that after the wood was cut off
and marketed the land stood me less than nothing (we
will call it nothing); the stone, of which there were cords
of them, sold for enough to pay for digging them out, and
were removed most of them for me so I shall make no ac-
count of them, but the toughest job of all which I had to
deal with was oak stumps, and I will guarantee that any
one who has tried to remove one will never forget it. The
first year I burned it and sowed it to rye and grass seed
which grew amazingly, some of it being six feet high; the
rye itself sold for enough to pay for all the labor on the

land up to that time ; I sold the straw, drew it one-half
mile and got 148.50 for it. I then tried to let the jol> to
clear the stumps out. I offered $100 per acre for their re-
moval and I let the job at those figures to four different
parties who tried to dig them, but none of them worked
more than a few days. I then offered thirty-five cents a
stump and got a few dug at that price but the next fall I
had a piece hardly large enough to lie down on cleared,
and made up my mind that if I would have it cleared, I
must go at it myself, so 1 hired four or five men and went
at it. I spent $55 digging stumps, using shovels, picks,
bars, stump puller, tackle and falls and anything that
suggested itself as likely to prove useful, measured what I
had got done and found I had nearly one-quarter of an
acre; concluded that after ploughing and digging the stone
it would not pay and suspended work.

During the winter I thought the matter over, got an
Etna powder catalogue and concluded to try " Dyna-
mite.'' Spring came, I ploughed my fourth of an acre
already cleared and planted it with potatoes, getting a
fine crop ; in the fall I procured my dynamite and went
to work, and the way the stumps and stones flew was
pleasing to see. I got an electric battery used for such
purposes and tried putting two or three cartridges under
some of the largest stumps but after experimenting some
I came to the conclusion that it was better and less ex-
pensive to use one cartridge at a time, so I have since
used it that way, my idea being that after exploding one
on a stump you can then see where the next one will do
the most good ; after using what dynamite I thought
proper, I took my horse, tackle and falls and hitching the
ends of the fall to opposite roots, let the horse pull and
one or the other would come. I went out one day with
twenty pounds dynamite and before dinner time I had
blown one-third of an acre of stumps to fire wood (most-
ly), the next day with horse and axe, the job was done
so far as stumps were concerned. I got on a team of four

large horses, and four men one-half day ploughed it, leav-
ing the stone on top of the ground; next year planted
this piece to potatoes, had them dug in the fall with a
pickaxe, going the depth of the pick all over the ground
and throwing out all small stones with the potatoes ; re-
sult, good crop of potatoes but better one of stones. Last
year I went through about the same programme on a lit-
tle larger piece, took the Essex County premium for the
best crop of potatoes in the county; this year I have some
splendid crops on the whole of the land. After the expe-
rience I have had, this is about the way I can clear land
now of stumps per acre.

To dynamite. 75 lbs. at 26 cents, 119 50

Caps and fuse, 3 00

Labor, 4 days, 8 00

$30 50

The stone of course where they are not worth digging

would swell this amount accordingly; the following is

what it has cost me to clear a little more than an acre.

To labor on first fourth of an acre, $55 00

" the other three-fourths, dynamite 50 lbs., 13 00

" labor other than ploughing, 3 days, 6 00

" caps and fuse, 2 00

" ploughing and getting stone top of ground, 20 00

$96 00

According to this and the above accounts my expe-
rience has been worth $65.50 to me.

The manure I have used on this land has been mostly
night manure and muck as it being new land, I reckoned
that there would be potash enough in the land, so I have
applied mostly nitrogeneous manures. It has cost me less
than nothing, but to place it on a fair basis with the crops
I will call it $5.00 per cord; it has consisted of a few
cords horse (shaving) manure, wool waste with some lime

in it, night soil and muck with 400 lbs. fertilizer. The crop-
ping covers beside the rye :
For the first piece cleared, 4 years.

" " second " " 3 "

« " third " " 2 "
and there has been taken from it in the above time:

Ce.
Potatoes, 363 bushels, worth,
Cabbage, 85 barrels,
Carrots, 60 bushels,
Parsnips, 30 bushels,
Beets, 80 bushels,
Squash, 15 barrels, at $1.00, -
Onion seed,
Melons,
Parsley,
Pop Corn,
Sweet corn,
Strawberries,
Gooseberries,
Raspberries,
Pumpkins,
Beans,
Cucumbers,

Grass, 5 tons (estimated) at $15.00,
1st premium from Essex Co. Agricultural Society

for potatoes,
Firewood kept fire two winters,
Rye and straw,
One acre of improved land,

The above amount of produce has cost,
For manure, 20 cords at $5.00,
" labor, seeds, &c,
" fertilizer, 400 pounds,
" clearing land,

$268 00

$242

150

$808 00

$100

Please bear in mind that this statement is equivalent to-
the produce of about four acres one year, and while ih e
amount produced has not been large, about ($200 per
acre), it has been a paying investment in the long run.
The credits standing, _ $808 00

As against the debtor side of • 268 00

Leaving as a balance on the right side of $540 00

or not reckoning the price of the land at its enhanced
value, of $390.00 to the credit of the crops alone, after
paying for the clearing of the land, fully justifying (to
my mind) Mr. Gregory's statement that the money was at
better business than laying in the savings bank at four

per cent.

Respectfully yours,

John H. George.
Methuen, Mass.

STATEMENT OF ALBERT TITCOMB.

To the Committee on Improvement of Waste or Pasture
Land :

I commenced the improvement of the pasture, by
cutting and pulling up the bushes. I cut and pulled
about four thousand Savin bushes, which were the most
part of the bushes in the pasture. Then 1 plowed it, and
sowed rye on a part ; then set out the orchard, about
three hundred apple trees, also eight hundred peach trees
the next year. I planted six acres to potatoes ; they did
well, had a good crop, and it paid well.

The next year I planted six acres of strawberries. I
got a good crop, and it paid well. We picked fifty bushels
in one day.

I have ploughed the whole field twice, and some of it

five or six times. I have not kept any book account of

the goes and comes from the field, but have kept them in

mind, and according to my judgment and recollection the

field has paid the expenses, and I have the improvement

for profit.

Yours truly,

Albert Titcomb.

97
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON ROOT CROPS.

The Committee chosen to examine the Root Crops
•entered for the Society's premiums, have attended to their
duty, and report eleven entries by ten competitors, as
follows :

John H. George, Methuen, crop of potatoes.

James J. H. Gregory, Marblehead, crop of onions.

Chas. C. Blunt, Andover, crop of parsnips.

Frederick Symonds, North Andover, crop of cabbage.

Daniel Carlton, North Andover, crop of cabbage.

J. C. Poor, North Andover, David Warren, Swampscott,
crop of cabbage.

M. H. Conner, West Newbury, crop of cabbage.

S. P. Buxton, Peabody, crop of cabbage.

C. Moynihan, Newbury, crop of onions and beets.

Although considerable time and expense were involved
in travelling about the county viewing the different crops,
the committee feels well paid. The compensation comes
from meeting many of the most enterprising farmers in the
county and seeing how they do their work, learn of their
experience. The committee has been most hospitably
treated at every place visited, and our hosts have shown us
every thing interesting on their farms and on others in their
vicinity.

On September 4, visited Mr. John H. George in Methuen.
Mr. George drove the committee about the town, showing
them the many fine residences in that place before taking
us to his farm. At Mr. George's we found a heavy crop of
pc tatoes, with the vines all dead and the tubers ready to
dig. An unsound potato was not seen, but we did see
twenty-six marketable potatoes dug from one hill. This
crop was grown on a reclaimed swamp where Mr. George
had grown onions. The crop was very smooth and of good
6ize.

While in Methuen, Mr. George took us up to Mr. Mann's
place where we saw two as fine yokes of oxen as one could

wish to see and also looked over Mr. Mann's splendid farm,
afterwards we were treated to a bounteous dinner at Mr.
George's.

In the afternoon we visited Mr. Gregory in Middleton,
where we found a very large crop of onions. At the time
of our visit they were not quite all down, but were going
fast. Very few crops of onions equal to this one are seen
in these days. They were piled up three high in a great
many places, and were of very even size. Mr. Gregory
did not forward his statement in season, otherwise he would
have had first premium.

On September 11, the committee visited Mr. Daniel Carl-
ton in North Andover, and saw a very heavy piece of cab-
bage growing in dark shallow loam. They were very thick
in the row, being about eighteen apart and every one a good
head. In this way, Mr. Carlton gets a large crop of medium
sized cabbage.

On the same day the committee visited Mr. Symonds of
North Andover and Mr. C. C. Blunt of Andover, who
entered a piece of parsnips. They were bottoming in
good shape, and looked as if there would be a heavy crop.
The tops were of very even height and were beginning to
change color. Mr. Blunt digs and markets the greater
part of them in the spring, when they sell rapidly at a good
price.

On Sept. 25th visited David Warren of Swampscott, where
we saw a fine piece of Cabbage. They were growing in a
dark heavy loom, where onions were formerly grown. The
corp was very even,of good size and very hard. They were the
Stone Mason and were raised principally for seed. Mr,
Warren also showed us some very fine squashes which he
was going to save for seed, also a large lot of Crosby sweet
corn for seed.

We were very hospitably entertained at dinner by Mr.
Warren, after which the committee took the train for New-
bury.

Here at Mr. Moynihan's we saw a good crop of onions,
but they were grown on two separate pieces which prevented
him from receiving a premium.

On Oct 16th, Mr. Connor's crop of cabbage was seen,
also Mr. Buxton's in Peabody, who showed us a handsome
piece of cabbage. They were set a good distance apart and
had a chance to make very large and solid heads. They were
the most even piece the committee had seen, but being so
far apart, the crop was much lighter in weight than most of
the others. Mr. Buxton raised them for seed and not for
market.

The committee recommend the following premiums :

John H. George, 1st premium, on Potatoes; C. C. Blunt,
1st premium, on Parsnips; Daniel Carleton, 1st premium, on
Cabbage ; David Warren, 2nd premium, on Cabbage.

The appearance of cabbage crops were so nearly alike,
that the premiums were decided mostly from the statements.
Mr. Carlton's showing the much greater weight.

Edward A. Fuller.

For the Committee.

STATEMENT OF CROP OF POTATOES RATSED BY JOHN
H. GEORGE, METHUEN, ESSEX CO., MASS.

The crop of potatoes which I enter for the Society's prem-
ium, was raised on peat meadow land, the crop last year and
for the two preceding, being grass.

The whole piece measured three-quarters of an acre.
One-half acre, (the piece which I enter), was dressed with
one-half ton of Stockbridge Potato Manure ; on the remain-
der, (one-quarter acre) I put cow and horse manure, at the
rate of fifteen cords per acre. At no time during their
growth could it be told where the manure was, judging by
the appearance of the vines, and at digging time, those on
the fertilizer turned out to be the best potatoes, and there
were more of them than on the manure. It was no catch
crop. It was planted with the intention of competing for
the Society's premium, and to see how cheaply per bushel
I could raise potatoes. Therefore there was no extra labor
expended on them. They were dropped by hand, but. from
the time they were dropped until they were dug, there was

IOO

but one hour's hand labor done on them, and that was in
fixing up the ends of the rows after cultivating them, as the
land was so situated that I had to turn on the potatoes.

The land plowed eight inches deep last fall, harrowed in
the spring, furrowed with horse hoe, covered with the same
implement, cultivated once, earthed up once, and left until
digging time. The tops grew so rank that before the bugs
hatched they covered the ground, so I let them eat, but
should not do so again, as I think they hurt the crop to a
considerable extent. The fertilizer was applied about two-
thirds broadcast, and the rest put in the drill. Potatoes,
part whole ones and part cut, were dropped one foot apart
as nearly as I could guess. The rows were three feet apart,
marked with a marker before opening.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

Crop of Potatoes Dr.

Plowing one-half acre of land, $2.50

Harrowing, 1.00

Marking, and opening furrows, .75
One-half ton Stockbridge Potate Manure, at 142.50 22.50

Applying same, .75

Dropping and covering, 1.50

Seven bushels potatoes, for seed, 5.00

Cultivating and earthing up, 1.50

Digging and storing, at 7 cts, per bushel, 18.27

Interest and taxes on land, 3.00

Or.

vBy 18 bushels small potatoes, at 25 cts., $4.50
243 bushels of large potatoes, at 11., 243.00

$56.77

$247.50

The product of one-half acre was 261 bushels, or at the
rate of 522 bushels per acre, and the cost per bushel 21 cts.
and a fraction. Where cut seed was used, there was but
one bushel of small potatoes to twenty-five large ones, and

IOI

where whole seed was used, there was fully as many mer-
chantable potatoes, but a larger per cent of small ones.
The whole seed was what we call " medium" (between the
size of an English walnut and a hen's egg). The cut seed
was from quite large potatoes, say 125 potatoes to the
bushel, cut about two eyes on a piece. The varieties were
Beauty of Hebron, Early Essex, with one peck of New
Queen, from which I dug fourteen bushels of very nice pota-
toes, hardly a peck of small ones in them. After the New
Queen, the Essex was the best cropper. I have at this
time the most of them in the cellar. What I sell I am get-
ting $1 a bushel for. There were no rotten ones where the
fertilizer was used, and very few where the manure was, —
probably not four quarts on the three-quarters of an acre.
They were planted the last part of April, and were ripe be-
fore the mildew struck them.

John H. George.

Methuen, Mass, Oct. 9, 1890.
This certifies that I measured one-half acre of land for
John H. George, on which was a crop of potatoes entered
for premium with the Essex Co. Agl. Society.

Chas. W. Mann

STATEMENT OF DANIEL CARLETON.

To the Committee on Root Crops.

Gentlemen : —

The half acre of cabbage entered by me, was grown upon
land that had been in grafts for seven years. Last spring
twenty loads per acre of cow manure were spread on the
sod and plowed under about six inches deep. The land was
harrowed and the rows made about three and a half feet
apart, one-half ton per acre of Cumberland super-phosphate
was sown in the furrows and covered with the brush harrow.
.Seed was sown May 31, by machine, using three-quarters

102

lb. of Brunswick cabbage seed per acre. The plants were
thinned so as to stand one foot and a half apart in the rows.
The piece was hoed by hand twice ; the cultivator used of-
ten until the heads were formed. The soil is a dark shal-
low loam resting upon a stony sub-soil ; no manure had been
applied while in grass. There are now on the half acre
4,320 cabbages of good size, and very solid, fit for market.
One row cut just as they stood, weighed an average of ten
lbs. each. Scarcely a soft head can be found on the piece.
There are a few cracked ones that are not counted.

I make the cost of the crop per acre as follows, viz.
Plowing and preparing land, $8 00

Seed and sowing, 3 00

Cultivating and hoeing, 16 00

i ton fertilizer, 17 00

20 loads manure spread on land, 50 00

$94 00
which makes the cabbages cost nearly one and one-tenth
cents each.

Respectfully,

Daniel Carleton.
No. Andover, Oct. 10,1890.

To the Committee on Root Crops.

The crop of cabbages which 1 enter for premium was
raised on land that onions had been grown on the two pre-
ceding years. The soil is a dark loam with gravelly sub-
soil, ploughed in the spring six inches deep, stable manure
applied with Kemp spreader by going over it twice at the
rate of eight to ten cords to the acre, cut in with wheel
harrow, smoothed off with drag, seed put in the 14th of
June with Mathews' seed sower, three feet, two inches apart,
thinned down from 16 to 24 inches apart, cultivated twice

103

and hoed once. The piece is twenty-two rods long and six
rods and two feet wide, contains thirty-one rows of an
average of one hundred and ninety- five solid heads to a
row, making over six thousand heads to the piece, although
the committee made it more than that. The value of the
crop in the field at present prices is four cts. per head, al-
though they are of much more value to me as I use them
for seed.

COST OF CROP.

Cost of manure on land,

Ploughing,

Wheel harrowing and dragging,

Cultivating, hoeing and thinning,

Seed,

Rent of land,

Swampscott, Oct. 29, 1890.

Swampscott, Oct. 23, 1890.

This certifies that a piece of land measured by me con-
tained one hundred and thirty-four rods of cabbage raised
by David Warren, of Swampscott.

Allen Rowe.

$40

$66

.4YID

Warren.

Andover, Mass., Oct. 30, 1890.
To the Committee on Root Crops.

The land occupied by the crop of parsnips which I enter
for premium, is a light loam with gravelly subsoil.

The crop of 1888 was onions with barn manure at the rate
of six cords per acre ; the crop of 1889 was onions with same
amount of manure as year previous.

104

The land was plowed in the fall of 1889, ten inches deep,
and barn manure, six cords per acre, spread on and harrowed
in. Cross plowed in the spring and five hundred lbs. of
phosphate sowed on and brushed in, raked once and sowed
on the 25th of April with three lbs. of improved Maltese
parsnip seed.

Not wishing to harvest the whole crop at the present time,
as it is in good growing condition, I have selected five rows
each side of the piece measured and weighed fifty-five lbs. to
bui-bel and the yield was at the rate of two hundred and
fifty-nine bushels on the one-half acre.

Preparation of land,

$3 75

Manure three cords, $6 per cord,

18 00

500 Phosphate,

$8 50

Hoeing, weeding and thinning,

20 50

Seed and sowing,

2 35

Harvesting,

10 00

163 10

To 259 bushels at 90 cts. per bushel,

233 10

63 10

Yield per acre 518 bushels,

170 00

Cost, per acre,

$126 20

Profit per acre,

U0 00

Respectfully,

C. C. Blunt.

Andover, Mass., Oct. 27, '90.
This certifies that I have this day measured a tract of
land, having on it a crop of parsnips, owned by Chas. C.
Blunt/ of Andover, and entered by him for the Essex Agri-
cultural Society's premium, and that such tract contained
eighty rods of land.

Samuel Thayer.

io5
Andover, Mass., Oct. 30, '90.

Having measured a portion of the parsnips on the above
piece, the yield is at the rate of two hundred and fifty-nine
bushels per half acre, and fifty-five pounds to the bushel.

Samuel Thayer.

TREES AND TREE CULTURE ON THE FARM OF
MR. FRANCIS H. APPLETON.

In behalf of the Committee on Forest Trees who visited
the farm of Mr. Francis H. xVppleton,* and at the request
of the Secretary of the Essex Agricultural Society, the fol-
lowing report is respectfully presented : —

In response to a kind invitation of Mr. Francis H. Apple-
ton to visit his farm in West Peabody, near Lynnfield, in
connection with the official visit of the society's committee
on forest trees, several gentlemen met at the appointed
hour on Wednesday, July 2, 1890, and examined the trees,
both native and introduced in nearly every portion of the
estate.

The farm is situated on the northern shore of Suntaug
Lake, Lynnfield P. 0. and, as will be seen by Mr. Apple-
ton's statement, the land upon which the improvements
have been made, scarcely more than twenty years ago was
a bleak field " covered with mossy corn hills '' of unknown
origin and was largely in the condition of all exhausted
and neglected lands.

The soil in this portion of the farm, gravel covered with
a thin coating of loam, familiar in the neighborhood of
" kames '' in Essex county, is typical of the region and was
probably the last work of the ice and rushing waters at the
close of the glacial epoch.

*It should be slated that Mr. Appleton made no entry in competition for
the society's prizes.

IO0

Mr. Appletou built his house at a point where a good
view of the lake could be obtained and the tree planting
was begun ; a nursery having been established in 1869
which to a great extent formed the basis of supply for his
work afterwards.

To fill this nursery it was necessary to import the entire
stuck from England for at that time there were no dealers
in this country from whom such supplies could be obtained.
Today, however, seedling and older trees of all varieties
may be obtained in this country from special dealers and
growers, while from our own nurserymen in Essex county
and its neighborhood the finest selected home grown speci-
mens of most varieties of trees fur ornamental planting
may be obtained as, also, larger supplies of the most used
sorts for windbreaks, hedges and small plantations. These
facts illustrate the advance which has been made in the
past twenty years in this direction.

Trees were planted in groups and singly on the borders
of the avenue leading to the house, in suitable positions
about it and on the lawn, and towards the north quite
thickly to serve as a windbreak ; more trees being planted
than were to remain, to provide against accident and for
mutual protection.

The trees used were " Norway, black and white spruce,
Austrian, Scotch, red and white pine, hemlock, larch (Euro-
pean), several kinds of maple (rock, white and negundo),
English and American elm, ash, mountain ash, acacia (honey
locust), virgilia, catalpa, willow (salix alba), tulip, Euro-
pean beech and American chestnut." Some shrubs and
woudy vines were also planted and a few horse chestnuts ;
these latter did not flourish and have been removed.

From the variety of the trees used and the character of
the soil of the farm, valuable practical knowledge is to be
obtained from Mr. Appleton's experience which will be of
great assistance to tree planters over a large portion of
Essex county, especially upon lands which are not likely to
prove of value for other purposes. It should be remem-

ioy

bered that all of the evergreen trees planted in 1869 were
but about ten inches in height, and that the deciduous trees
resembled a short alpine stock. The white pines have from
time to time been taken from the place, and other trees have
since the date of the first planting been added from Ameri-
can nurseries.

The Norway spruces have grown well retaining, as yet,
all of their foliage to the ground when planted singly, one
specimen having a trunk circumference of three feet and
one inch at three feet from the ground and being twenty-
seven feet high. These trees have not, of course, reached
the age of failure which in most cases comes in our climate
at forty or fifty years, the time when the greatest perfection
is to be desired. The few white spruces planted show evi-
dences of superiority and this will doubtless prove a valua-
ble species for the soil.

The Austrian pine fails earlier than the Norway spruce,
often dying unexpectedly when not over twenty-five years
old, and the Scotch pine is not so thrifty in our climate as
either of the native species. Nearly all of the trees of
these two species of pine have failed to give satisfaction
and are to be removed in the course of thinning or are to
be replaced by more valuable trees.

The red pines on the place are chiefly the seedlings of a
tree, perhaps fifty years old, on the adjoining estate and,
judging from the appearance of the older tree and that of
another of the same species planted by the late Gen. New-
hall on the opposite shore of the lake, they will never
prove so valuable in this soil as the white pine when planted
singly, although in small plantations they may be quite suc-
cessful, certainly more so than most of the foreign ever-
greens. The young trees, however, look well and most of
them are holding their foliage well down to the ground.
The native red pines of our neighborhood at Boxford and
at New Castle, N. H., are found on the schist ledges and it
may be naturally doubted, therefore, if this species ever
flourishes at its best in gravelly soil.

io8

The European larches upon the place are the remains of
an acre of these trees planted in 1879, but of the original
plantation scarcely one-fifth of the trees have survived and
those which have, although in many cases they have
reached a height of twenty feet, present a poor appearancer
having suffered from the attacks of insects and disease. It
is evident that this tree will never, in our soil and climate,
fulfil the expectations which were entertained when it was-
recommended for general planting rather more than ten-
years ago, but the experiments with it, although unsuccess-
ful, possess the negative value of teaching us what to avoid
in this direction. That this tree flourishes in some poor
soils in Europe may be due to the moister climate and it is-
to be very much doubted if it ever is generally used in New
England excepting as an ornamental tree in situations
where soil and moisture are favorable. Trees of this
species planted in Wenham by Timothy Pickering in the
early part of this century are still living, but they are evi-
dently failing and can not endure many years longer.

As might naturally be expected so gross a feeder as the
American elm shows evidence of starvation in the gravelly
soil, yet one tree of this species near the house has done
very well, reaching a height of twenty-five feet with a trunk
circumference of two feet, nine inches, at four feet from the
ground. The English elms planted have more dense heads
and fuller foliage than their American relatives and give
promise of longer life and better growth. One of these
trees has a trunk circumference of two feet, seven inches,
at four feet from the ground, and another of three feet, four
inches, at the same height.

The catalpas have grown very well but the tendency to-
form wide spreading heads with heavy branches renders
them particularly liable to injury in high winds, and there-
fore they require too much care in constant pruning to
make them desirable excepting as occasional ornamental
trees.

The virgilia, mountain ash, negundo, acacia (honey

109

locust), and horse chestnut have not proved adapted to the
soil and can not, therefore, be recommended fur similar
situations. The European beech has grown fairly well but,
judging from the trees of the American species growing
naturally near the borders of the pond, the native beech
would soon outstrip the foreign tree in growth. The
American ash does not succeed as it might be hoped this
valuable tree would ; those planted have a meagre appear-
ance far from satisfactory in an ornamental plantation.

Both the rock and the white maples have proved decid-
edly successful, making fine growth and producing ample
heads. The trees planted near the house and stable, both
on account of the protection received and the occasional
waterings and enrichment of the soil, have of course made
the greatest growth. Of the white maples, one has a trunk
circumference of two feet, nine and one-half inches, and
another three feet, three inches at four feet from the ground,
while both have reached a height of twenty-five feet and
are of graceful habit and symmetrical form. Among the
rock maples one is two feet, three and one-half inches and
another three feet, one inch in circumference at four feet
from the ground, and together with a tree near the stable
have reached a height of at least twenty-five feet. All have
fine heads and are free from the attacks of fungi or insects.

One of the most promising species among the trees
planted is the American chestnut. One of the trees first
planted has a trunk circumference of two feet and a height
of twenty-five feet, while the spread of the branches is
twenty-six feet in diameter, and a dozen trees grown from
seeds selected by Mr. T. C. Thurlow of West Newbury and
planted out in 1882, when about seven feet high, are now
fruiting well, forming solid heads of clean, dark foliage and
showing evidence of enduring usefulness.

The white willows planted in one of the hollows show
their usual adaptability to our soils and climate, and if the
single specimen of tulip tree not far from the house may be
taken as a fair test, this species can most certainly be
recommended for planting in similar places.

I 10

Mr. Appleton has planted his trees with much care as re-
gards the preparation of the soil, mulching and watering
them when required, especially those with short roots and
all which were intended to occupy permanent places.

Among the trees indigenous to the farm are the beech,
tupelo, white and pitch pines, red cedar, locust, red, white
and black oaks, hickories and some others. All of these
species with the possible exception of the pitch pine seem
to he of good quality, and some of the white pines, oaks
and hickories are above the average of such species in the
neighborhood.

Much benefit has been derived from the thinning and
pruning of the natural wood practised during the years
Mr. Appleton has occupied the farm, both as regards the
appearance of the trees individually and the general effect
on the forest growth. In one portion of these woods,
where the trees reach a height, perhaps of forty or fifty feet,
where there are ^ew lower branches to obstruct the view, and
a carpet of large ferns (Osmuuda cinnamomea) covers the
whole ground, the work has been so well done that the spot
would be the envy of any park commission.

Large numbers of seedling trees of the white pine and
oaks spring up in the woods and from this source all of the
pines planted have been obtained ; some hemlocks also in-
digenous have been moved to other portions of the place
where they appear to succeed well.

One of the greatest difficulties encountered is to prevent
the ravages of the insect enemies of the trees. The lead-
ers of the pines and spruces are often killed and occasion-
ally a tree of considerable size is destroyed. To remedy
this evil, Mr. Appleton suggests that too much can not be
said in favor of the protection of our native insectivorous
birds which are not multiplying in the ratio with which tree
planting is increasing. Aside from their native enemies in
in the remoter districts, in the neighborhood of farms, the
domestic cats, with their numerous half wild barn and
stable progeny, destroy such numbers of young birds every

1 1 1

year that the increase is checked and the birds which
would naturally nest in the vicinity of houses, are driven to
other places of safety.

On the fifteen acre space termed " the house lot" the trees
have become of ample size for shade and are gradually
reaching the condition of complete protection against the
searching winds which at certain seasons of the year sweep
over the region, and it is now Mr. Appleton's intention,
beginning with the opening of the next spring, to experi-
ment farther " by planting some of the choicer kinds of trees,
etc."

The committee also visited the estate of Mr. Henry Sal-
tonstall in response to a special invitation received through
Mr. Appleton, and as the conditions of soil and situation
are precisely like those of the estate reported on which it
joins on the eastward, and as Mr. Salstonstall's place has
been brought to its present state of beauty by an entirely
different treatment, necessitated by the difference in the
original condition of the land, reference to it seems desirable
as illustrating another method of improvement of our county
lands.

The estate, some two or more generations ago, was prob-
ably cut over and a sucker growth of oaks together with
young hickories and some other treee.s sprung up to succeed
the original timber. To-day the house is in the centre of
a park like group of trees where ample openings give free
access for air and glimpses of the lake and enough sun-
light is admitted to produce the greenest of turf which ex-
tends to the verandas of the house itself.

I>y a wise policy Mr. Salstonstall has become owner of
the wooded slope of the opposite lake shore and the pictur-
esque and heavily wooded island which makes up the middle
ground of the picture. No landscape architect has ever
been employed — none could add a single improvement — and
the result is a retired, restful, yet perfectly cheerful country
home and illustrates the very best method of treatment of
land already covered with a natural growth of trees where

I 12

the axe rather than the spade must be employed in its im-
provement.

Mr. Saltonstall has treated the roadsides near his house,
and also those of the neighboring turnpike upon which this-
by-road opens, in the same park like manner and with the
most satisfactory results, by thinning out the natural growth
and adding, here and there, maples, pines and other trees
and shrubs, the last chiefly laurels and rhododendrons, to
complete the desired effect.

A glance at Mr. Saltonstall' s place and the well-planted
estate of Mr. D. P. Ives which is next it on the border of
the pond, will prove at once the permanent superiority of
the white pine for this soil, for the older trees here are in
the finest condition and promise to last for ages to come.

In conclusion : The lessons to be drawn from Mr. Apple-
ton's labors ought to be of the greatest interest to all of the
residents of the rural districts of Essex County. There is
much land in most of the towns in Essex County and in
many cases quite as pleasantly situated as Mr. Appleton's
farm, where farming cannot be carried on with profit but
where, owing to the same reason, the gravelly soil, the most
perfect drainage and other desirable conditions for estab-
lishing country homes are secured. The tendency, perhaps
inherent in our blood and cropping out as easier circum-
stances remove each generation, more and more from the
struggle for existence, to seek country homes and to spend
an ever increasing portion of each year upon them, is a
growing one and no county in New England can offer more
advantages than Essex County can to induce this class of
settlers to locate within its territory.

Good air, good water, absolute freedom from malaria,
good driving roads and a network of railroads making the
business centres easily and quickly reached from almost any
point, together with a prudent management in public affairs,
with good schools and fine libraries in many places, renders-
the rural districts of Essex County the most desirable and
delightful pi ice of risidenoe anywhere to be found.

The committee are of the opinion, therefore, that the
experiments conducted by Mr. Appleton attended by such
good results, are of great practical value; they show how
much may be accomplished under quite unfavorable condi-
tions ; they show that certain trees may be planted with suc-
cessful results and that certain others should be avoided in
a pirticular soil and situation and they point out what may
be done with a certain class of unprofitable farming lands —
they may become beautiful and healthful homes.

Recommendation : The committee would, in accordance
with the views expressed above, respectfully recommend that
the Society's First Class Certificate of Merit be awarded to
Mr. Francis H. Appleton for his instructive and successful
experiments in tree planting and caring for the natural
growth of trees on his farm in Lynnfield.

In behalf of the Committee,

John Robinson.

Salem, Sept., 1890.

STATEMENT OF FRA.NCIS H. APPLETON OF PEABODY,
TO COMMITTEE ON " FOREST TREES."

Although appointed Chairman of said Committee by the
Trustees during my enforced absence from their June meet-
ing, I invited the Committee, with a few guests whom I knew
would be interested, to meet at my home and view my plant-
ings of trees on July 2nd, when I thought the trees could be
seen at their best. I was aware that it was at a time when
haying was attracting the attention and efforts of the farmers
generally, but, having cut all but my young timothy at that
date, I ventured to extend said invitation for the reason given.

I was fortunate in having several present who were ex-
perts in trees and their planting, but regret that the major-
ity were unable to be present.

ii4

Mr. John Robinson, of Salem, having been selected to
make some report to the Society by my guests, and he hav-
ing also been since then authorized to do so by our Secre-
tary, I submit this statement through him.

Two years previous to my farm receiving the prize from
the " Committee on Farms" (In 1872, I think), the tract
of land over which my trees were planted was covered with
mossy corn hills, which may have been left by the Indiaus
for aught I can learn. I ploughed and planted it for two
years, and then, my married life having begun, I chose it for
my house-lot, and my tree planting began.

The situation is on the north side (centre) of Suntaug
Lake, on the south-east border of which was located " Camp
Sehouler'' with four regiments of Infantry during the early
part of the Civil^War.

This portion of my farm was the south-east part of an
open collection of fields which are about forty-four acres in
extent, bordered by pine and oak woods on the east, north
and west; and towards the Lake, at the south, are a fringe
of oaks and pines for little more than half the border.

It will thus be seen that this treeless and houseless plain
needed much patience and perseverance to establish enough
trees to form a protection of pleasing appearance, that would
be both useful and enjoyable as a New England home, and
afford a break to prevalent winds.

No other landscape architect has been employed than
the present owner, against whom all faults and credits must
be cast.

The original plotting of the land has been but slightly
changed, although new roads have been laid out and more
or less planting has been done yearly, either to replace
those trees or shrubs which had been winter-killed or other-
wise died- or to enlarge the spaces planted.

A portion of the land has curious depressions and mounds,
attributed to glacial action, which are left unconcealed by
trees.

A hillside is also included, from which a pitch pine grove

was cut down in 1871, and where 1 have done much prun-
ing, and thinning, to train the young oaks, hickories, white
pines, etc., besides planting some Norway spruces and eltns,
the former having risen from ten inches to about twenty-
four feet during my keeping.

My water supply is by wind-mill, or steam-pump, the lat-
ter seldom used.

So much for my location, and now a few words about my
trees.

In the spring of lcS69 I received from Waterer's nursery
in England, a large number of foreign and American trees,
mostly the former. These were small, the pines not over
ten inches or one foot tall, and others of equ^il ages.

To-day were I to seek a similar lot of trees I should be
able to secure them in this country, and of greater variety.

These were planted in a well located nursery until needed,
and have been the basis of my plantation.

Since then Messrs. Douglas, Thurlow, Manning, Strong,
and others have supplied my wants.

A few specimens that I brought home by train in my hand
are now even with the top of my house, and affording de-
lightful shade.

In planting I have always set out many more trees than
would be eventually allowed to remain, my object being to
make the young trees protect each other, and to remove
the less desirable ones so that the others should not be in-
jured by their contact. A considerable amount of pruning
has been necessary, as well as much care to early remove
worms that attack the leaders of some of the pines.

I should say that in the tract now referred to my object is
to eventually have what might be termed park trees, or
pleasurable ornamental trees.

Of the planted trees, 1 have Norway, black and white
spruce ; Austrian, Scotch, red, and white pine ; hemlocks ;
larch, several kinds of maples, English and American elms,
ash, mountain ash, acacia, weeping elm, Virgilia lutra,
catalpa, willow, tulip, English beech, and American chest-

nut (some from seeds selected by Vice President T. C.
Tlmrlow) ; also there are a variety of shrubs, privet hedges,
grapes, and a few young applications.

A few horse-chestnuts look so poorly, including the vari-
ety having that lovely pink flower, that I intend to remove
them.

There has been more or less of a nursery of trees on
the farm since 1869, but, of all the evergreen trees, the
white pine is my favorite for general use, of which there is
an ample quantity of seedlings on the place.

The methods of planting have varied with the size of the
tree, but it is the rule to dig the hole of ample size and re-
place the gravel thrown out, with loam taken from some new
road bed, where the gravel is placed.

Young trees, with short roots, are mulched with grass, or
leaves, and watered when the dryness of the season requires
it ; or, if mulched in advance, the effect of drought is often
prevented, and watering becomes unnecessary.

All trees, especially those that are to remain as fixtures
and not serving as protection to the others, are benefitted by
judicious pruning. A little book, translated, and issued by
the Mass. Society for Promoting Agriculture is a useful
hand book on Pruning (by Des Care).

While it has been a great pleasure to see my planted trees
grow and to aid them by pruning, it has also given me much
satisfaction to see the improvements in natural plantations
where I have trimmed, thinned and otherwise pruned them.

I have also to report a plantation of about four hundred
and fifty trees set out last spring, mostly pines of several
kinds, on the north side of my farm road, and the strip of
larch trees adjoining them which were set out about 1876.

Several thousand (perhaps twenty thousand) trees have
been set by me with the intention of securing fine and well
shaped specimens.

As I stated to my visitors, I have now enough trees of
sufficient size, on my house lot of fifteen to twenty acres to
consider that I am sufficiently protected from the winds that
have swept over my fields in winter, to commence planting

ii7

some of the choicer kinds of trees etc., which I shall begin
to do next spring.

Respectfully submitted,

Pbancis H. Appleton.
To Mr. John Robinson,
Salem.

COMMITTEE ON FOREST TREES.

In response to a notice, duly received from the Secretary
of the Society, for this Committee to view a plantation of
white pine trees over three years old, entered for the So-
ciety's prize of $20 by Mrs. Anna T. Phillips, of Morain
Farm, North Beverly, the Chairman requested the members
to meet there on Tuesday morning, Sept. 30th.

The members of the Society who were present are unani-
mously in favor of awarding the prize of #20 to Mrs. Phillips,
for her successful and instructive efforts and results in
improving and beautifying an otherwise almost useless
piece of land, by planting it with that native evergreen tree,
the white pine (pinus strobus), whose value for ornamental
planting is already high, and whose value for timber is con-
stantly being enhanced on account of its increasing scarcity
in the nation.

It is customary for the Committee to give some account
of their visits, and, in conformity to that custom, the follow-
ing is submitted in addition to the statements concerning
the plantation more immediately under consideration.

Four members of the Society were present, and were
driven from the station through the pleasant streets of that
northerly section of Beverly, which is remarkable for, among
other things, its world-renowned Wenham Lake — on the
northerly shore of which is Mrs. Phillips' farm.

It was from this lake, in the more prosperous days of the
ice-exporting business that ice was shipped to many parts of
the world and sold as Wenham ice. This lake is also re-

i iS

markable for the purity and quantity of its water-supply,
for which it is drawn upon by two pumping stations, for
Beverly and Salern respectively. Two fort-like structures,
resting conspicuously on neighboring hills, near by, form
ample reservoirs, and it is from one of these that Morain
Farm is supplied.

"We soon arrived at the substantial main entrance, beauti-
fully covered with hardy vines, passing alongside of a rich
looking field, where the pure-blood Jerse}'- cattle and the
Cotswald sheep were herded for the inspection of your
Committee. They were fine specimens and were admired
b}r those present. The cows showed, evidence that they
had been bred with reference to promoting their milk-yield
and. health.

The barn, with its convenient arrangements, was next
inspected. No posts or stanchions were used in tying
the cows, collars and chains taking their place, and thus
affording an unobstructed view of the animals, and less
opportunity for dust, or germs of any possible disease to
gain a resting place.

A watering-trough extended in front of the feeding boxes
of the cows.

On the opposite side of the drive-way is the bull-pen,
with a fine animal in it whose pedigree contains Rioter,
Stoke Pogis, Eurotas and other well-known strains of milk
^,nd butter stock.

Completing the row on this side are box-stalls where
horses arc wintered.

A room is provided near the entrance, where the milk
is separated from any possible odors of the barn as soon
as the milk-pails are filled ; and opposite this room is the
herdsman's room with his sleeping apartment above.

One of our number, a botanist, spoke in words of praise
of the pure condition of the hay that filled the mows.
I wonder if it is generally known that in England grass
seeds are sold "guaranteed pure" and free from ergot and

elder. I find this in the Royal Society's report, where
it recommends that grass seed be bought unmixed.

ii9

Near this cow-barn is the commodious farm-house, with
its accompanying buildings, and the older barn which is
used on the main floor for team-horses, implements and
vehicles, with the hay above.

Here we were met by Mrs. Phillips who accompanied
the party during their inspection of the competing plan-
tation, and gave them the necessary information in regard
to the previous condition of the grounds, its planting,
and the cultivation and care bestowed upon the trees since.

It is difficult for Mrs. Phillips to give from record
a statement of every fact in regard to the plantation as
the trees were " not set out with any idea of entering them
for premiums," but she has answered the questions, which
the Chairman sent to her, quite fully and clearly.

It must be remembered that there were three plantings,
each of which is referred to separately.

Ten year old trees : — Were bought in 1883 of Mr Rob-
ert Douglass, Waukegan, 111. ; were three years old when
they came, and were then planted out in a nursery. In
1886 they were transplanted to their present location.

Immediately before planting the land had been in grass
for one year. Previous to that time grain had been raised
on it for a couple of years.

It was ploughed in the fall of 1885 and harrowed, and
the trees were set out the following May, four feet apart
each way. The soil, poor and gravelly, was cultivated
between the trees by horse power twice in the season, and
weeds pulled twice by hand.

Mrs. Phillips cannot state just how many had been planted
out, as many have been transplanted to different parts of
the place, but none of them have died. Perhaps fifteen
thousand.

Six and seven year old trees : — Were ordered from the
same Mr. Douglass in 1886 to the number of fourteen
thousand white pines. They were a long time on the way,
owing to being sent by freight instead of by express,' which
may be the reason that nearly one-half died, which were
replaced the following year.

I 20

During this second year besides the replacing, about
twelve thousand trees were added to the plantation.

A few measurements were taken among this lot of trees
and it was found that one tree, about seven and a half
years old had grown four feet four inches in the past
eighteen months, on a south west slope, in an especially
gravelly part of the field ; and others showed about the
same growth, with five and a fourth inches circumference
just above the ground.

Another tree six feet four inches tall, six and one fourth
inches circumference near the ground, had made a growth
of four feet and six inches in the past two years.

Five year old trees : — Were probably two years old when
sent, and, consequently, will not be five years old till next
spring. Perhaps five out of a hundred have died, and about
twenty-four thousand were planted. Mrs. Phillips said
the roots of these trees were poor when received, but they
appeared to have done well.

This lot has not been cultivated at all, but the weeds
have been moved twice in the season, and are reported to
have done as well as the others which were kept culti-
vated.

No pruning has been done in either of the three lots, ex-
cept to cut off false leaders, and remove many leaders which
have been destroyed by borers.
No mulching has been done.

Here we have an example of how an otherwise unprofi-
table piece of land, like much else that exists in this State,
and elsewhere, composed of true morain formation, can be
reclaimed to the benefit of its owner.

Beyond the enhanced value of the land on which these
trees are growing, where they appear to have found good
and sufficient nourishment, the adjacent land is improved
by the beauty of, and protection from winds to be soon
afforded by this prospective grove, which is now well ad-
vanced and quickly increasing in size.

Besides being an example to individuals who can see

121

it, by which they can learn that unprofitable lands, even
very poor ones, have been and can be successfully treated,
and how it is done, this work also shows, for the benefit
of our State Board of Agriculture, one of the directions
in which their efforts can be turned by endeavoring to
promote the improvement of a large part of the surface of
the State which is now unprofitable and treeless.

While Mrs. Phillips found that small seedling trees suited
her purposes, and on gravelly land have proved most suc-
cessful, examples of planting unprofitable tracts from seed
can also be cited which have proved a success, and can be
advocated.

In support of which latter, the writer can say that he
visited, the past summer, a plantation of Pines (Pinus
rigida) on Martha's Vineyard, at Edgartown, successfully
planted from seed on poor sandy soil by a prominent citi-
zen of that town. He removed the soil with his boot,
dropped the seed, covered it and lightly pressed it down
with his foot.

The trees appeared to bs doing well. Much more land
of equal uselessness, within our State limits, could be sim-
ilarly treated and with equal chance of success.

The results of Mrs. Phillips' experience can be made a
useful example to the state by submitting it to the State
Board of Agriculture through the medium of our transac-
tions, in accordance with Chapter 114, Section 5, if our
officers see fit to mark such paragraphs as contain state-
ments in regard to them.

Where seedling trees are thought more desirable, they
can be raised easily at home in the manner recommended
by Mrs. Jackson Dawson, of the Arnold Arboritum, in an
admirable essay delivered before the Massachusetts Horti-
cultural Society, at Boston, in 1885 ; which directions can
always be learned by consulting that Society's published
Transactions.

After completing their inspection of the plantation your
representatives were invited to inspect a woodland road

122

which had been built, extending about one mile, along the
wooded shores of Wenham lake and winding inland so as
to return to the starting point.

It was a delightful walk, with the trees at either side
joining their branches overhead, or being judiciously
pruned and thinned so as to improve their condition and
growth, and to open up views and vistas having the water
and shores of the lake, or fine specimens of trees as ob-
jective features.

The road passes several especially fine old oaks, which
are worthy of mention for their graceful beauty, and fi-
nally skirts alongside of a part of the sheep pasture, which
is soon to be ploughed up, as the sheep are to be sold.

What a pity it is that an animal, which might be of so
much value to the country as the sheep, is so frequently
abandoned, or the thought of raising them never reaches
a reality, on account of difficulties existing, or to be en-
countered.

The residence is commandingly situated over-looking
the lake : plants and shrubbery are artistically placed
around the house and about the grounds, with particularly
fine specimens of ampelopsis on the yard walls, and shed
adjoining.

Many trees, including many that are rare, and many that
are more commonly known, are found planted about the
grounds and growing well, but time was too short to view
them carefully.

The Society is surely favored by being able to report
these experiences in its Transactions, and the visitors are
indebted to Mrs. Phillips for her kind reception.

Respectfully submitted,

Francis H. Appleton,

Chairman.

123

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON STRAWBERRIES
AND OTHER SMALL FRUITS.

The Committee on Strawberries and other small fruits
regret that they can report but one entry, viz.: Straw-
berry crop, by J. W. Barton, Asylum Station, Danvers.

The Committee visited the crop and were very much-
pleased with the appearance of it and the method of cul-
tivation, and award him the first premium of $10.

Lyman S. Wilkins, Augustus Verry, Chas. P. Savory —
Committee.

STATEMENT OF J. WEBB BAETON, DANVEES, OF STEAW-
BEEEY CEOP.

Contrary to the usual custom, this crop was grown upon
an inverted sod The land is heavy and had been in grass
several years, but was still in good condition.

A careful ploughing (in April, 1889) was followed by
a very severe wheel-harrowing. Then twenty-two bush-
els of ashes were spread and brushed in, and the plants
set out about eighteen inches apart, in rows about four
feet apart. The varieties were Downing and Crescent,
except a few experimental plants of Belmont, Sharpless,
and Great American.

Soon after the plants were out witch grass began to
appear, and this, with other weeds made much work dur-
ing the summer, as the amount charged for hoeing will
show. In December, about 2500 pounds of meadow hay
were put on as covering, and in the spring this was re-
moved and used for bedding. It was necessary to cut out
the weeds in the spring and also to cut paths.

After this one third of the bed was sprinkled with Brad-
ley potato manure and the remainder with the contents of
the hen coop. The latter contained a good deal of loam
put into the coop in the fall and thoroughly worked over
by the hens.

124

The Downing plants were not true to name, containing
a large percentage of what seemed to be accidental seed-
lings. The quality of the crop was thus injured some-
what, but I think the amount was increased. A few
boxes were picked June 17th, and the last upon July 9th.

The value of the hen manure is necessarily estimated,
as also that of the hay removed. The picking is mostly
at two cents per quart. Plants were sold to the value
of $4.25. The cost of marketing and rental of land is
not taken into consideration. The area of the land is
20,750 square feet.

2085 qts. strawberries at average

price, 12 1-10 cents, $246 39

Ploughing,

Harrowing and leveling,
Setting plants,
Cost of plants,

Cultivating and hoeing in 1889,

1890,
2500 lbs. hay at $9 per ton, less 1000

lbs. removed,
Labor on hay,
22 bushels ashes,
Hen manure and labor on same,
150 lbs. Bradle3''s potato manure,
Picking,

126 59

$4 25

Net profit on crop (20,750 sq. ft.), $119 80

KATE PER ACRE.

Product, 4269 quarts,
Cost,

Net profit,

$517
265

$251 34 per acre.
J. W. Barton.

125

Asylum Station, Mass., Aug. 28th, 1890.

I measured the strawberry laud J. W. Barton offered
for premium. It measured twenty thousand seven hun-
dred and fifty (20,750) square feet.

Ansel W. Putnam.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON GRAIN CROPS.

To the Trustees of ihe Essex Agricultural Society.

The Committee to whom was entrusted the duty to ex-
amine the grain crops entered for the Society's premium
have attended to the work assigned them, and report
only four entries. The success that has rewarded these
representative farmers of Essex County should stimulate
a more extended cultivation of grain in the East.

The entries are as follows:

Wheat crop by Oscar Go wen, West Newbury.

Rye crop by Maurice H. Connor, West Newbury.

Rye crop by Wm. Little, Newbury.

Corn crop by Chas. W. Nelson, Georgetown.

At this point your committee wish to emphasize that
rule of the Society, which calls for "all calculations and
figures given in report of and statements of crops, are to
be made on the basis of an acre, results in all cases to be
given at the rate per acre."

?ou will see by the Committee's note that two of the
statements are remiss in this. The first to receive the at-
tention of the Committee was the wheat crop, which was
visited July 10. At that time it was still standing, with
its heavy heads drooping, as it waved in the breeze ; a rare
sight it was to view in this country such a crop, which
makes the " Staff of life." We see by Mr. Gowen's state-
ment that it was a large yield, exceeding even the crops of
Dr. Lawes on English soils where he experimented for a
series of years on heavily fertilized fields to see how large
crops could be grown.

126

Certainly there is hope of profit as well as pleasure in
the cultivation of wheat in New England.

On the same day we examined M. H. Connor's crop of
rye; being raised on an old strawberry field, which had
been highly fertilized, accounts for the large growth of
straw which he reports, some of the stalks, which were
not much above the average, measured six and one half
feet, with heads six inches in length.

Mr. Connor is a very successful farmer, who purchased
a run out but naturally a good farm, which in the few
years he has occupied it he has brought up to a high state
of cultivation, raising as some of his specialties, onions,
cabbages and strawberries. He reports his crop of the
latter to be rising eight thousand boxes, the past season.

Our next call was at the farm of Wm. Little of New-
bury this gentleman and his vocation are well known to
the society judging from his large and fine annual ex-
hibits at the fair. Being familiar with his reports of crops
as published in the Transactions of the Society we expected
to see a fine field of grain, and in this we were not disap-
pointed, although we would have preferred to have seen it
before it was cut and stooked. We see by both Mr. Con-
nor's and Mr. Little's report that the grain alone barely
pays the expense of the crop, but that the profit lies in the
value of the straw which, in Mr. Connor's case, is more
than double that of the grain. This is the one point where
the Eastern farmer has the advantage in raising grain over
the Western, who realizes no value from the straw.

The only field of corn which was entered, was that of
Chas. W. Nelson, which the Committee saw Sept. 26 ; this
was an exceptionally fine crop with rows running each
way, and very clear from weeds. The variety he culti-
vates is one he has been improving for the past few years
by mixing two or more of the best strains in cultivation,
and which he now claims to be one of the best varieties,
if not the best to raise.

In this case the Committee allowed Mr. Nelson to stake

127

off five rods and estimate the crop on that basis. The
piece was so even that we did not attempt to select the
portion of the field for him to estimate the quantity of his
crop from ; and we believe he reports rather under than
over his entire yield.

It has been stated many times at our Institute meetings
that the value of the fodder of a corn crop paid the ex-
penses of cultivation. As Mr. Nelson has left that item
entirely out of his statement, the expense of his crop is
nearly equal to its value.

According to the Sept. report of the State Board of Ag-
riculture, it is estimated that the corn crop of the state for
1889 yielded 1,997.000 bushels against 1,950,000 bushels
in 1869. By this we see that this valuable crop has been
but slightly increased in twenty years ; your committee
believe that we should raise more corn and that it can be
done at a profit as large in the East as in the West.

The writer has the past season harvested from one hun-
dred and twelve rods, ninety-seven bushel baskets of sound
corn, this on land which does not produce on an average
one-half ton of hay per acre. Stockbridge fertilizer at
the rate of half ton per acre was all the manure used,
about one-third in the hill at the time of planting, the bal-
ance cultivated in at the last hoeing.

We believe that with the use of these special manures,
which involve but little labor in applying, that on light
lands we can raise corn at a good profit.

You will notice by our report that we have several times
made allusion to the profit of grain-growing in the East as
compared with the West; we do this because we sincerely
believe that New England should strive to increase its crop
of cereals, so that it may not be said that in the next twenty
years, as in the past, that we have made no advance in this
branch of agriculture.

After fully examining the above crops and the statements
thereon, your Committee believe that each are deserving
of a premium and therefore recommend to the Trustees
the following awards :

128

To Oscar Gowen, West Newbury, crop of wheat,

•1st premium, .... . $10

To Maurice H. Connor, West Newbury, crop of rye,

1st premium, ...... $10

To Wm. Little, Newbury, crop of rye,

2d premium, ...... $5

To Charles W. Nelson, Georgetown, crop of corn,

1st premium, ...... $10

All of which we respectfully submit,

B. F. Huntington, J

D. D Adams, > Committee.

H. C. Ware, )

STATEMENT OF WHEAT CROP.

My wheat being in two pieces one of which in 1888 was
fruiting strawberries, and one set to strawberries, both
fruiting in 1889, one piece was manured with barnyard
manure at the rate of four cords to the acre, in the fall of
1889, the, other had an application of about three cords to
the acre, and sowed to white winter wheat and grass seed.
One piece of land is a heavy dark loam with a clay subsoil,
the other a light gravelly soil; the land was ploughed seven
inches deep.

Cost of ploughing, $ 1 75

Harrowing and seeding, 2 00

Cost of seed, 2 00

Manure, 16 00

$21 75
Less one-half manure for land, 8 00

$1J 75
The crop was at the rate of 35 bushels to the acre.

West Newbury, Oct. 11, 1890.

129

This certifies that I measured the land on which the
wheat grew, entered for a premium by Oscar Gowen, and
that it contained one acre and one rod.

Wm. Merrill.

STATEMENT CONCERNING A CROP OF RYE RAISED

BY M. H. CONNOR IN THE TOWN OF

WEST NEWBURY, 1890.

The acre of rye which I enter for premium was grown on
land that has been a strawberry bed for the last two years.
The soil is a gravelly loam. The old vines were ploughed
under about six inches deep in Sept., 1889, and fifteen loads
of stable manure harrowed in with a wheel-harrow, then
sowed two bushels of rye and harrowed with smoothing
harrow. I do not charge anything for ploughing or har-
rowing as that would be necessary in seeding to grass which
was done at the same time.

The rye came up a little too thick which made more
straw but not so much grain as there would have been had
it not been seeded so heavily.

The crop was cut with a scythe July 20, bundled and
stooked and left about two weeks; it was then hauled to
the barn as fast as the men could thresh it. The straw and
grain was marketed immediately for lack of room and econ-
omy in handling. The entire crop was 1932 pounds of
rye and 5835 pounds of straw.

Dr.

Two bushels of rye, at .75 $ 1 50

One-half of the manure, 7 1-2 loads,

at 12.00
Cutting and binding,
Hauling and threshing,
Marketing straw,

$30 50

I 30

Or.

34£ bushels of rye, at .73 $25 18

5835 pounds of straw, at $18 00 a ton, 52 51

-177 69

Expenses per acre, 30 50

Profits per acre, $47 19

I hereby certify that I have measured one acre of ground
planted with rye and entered for premium by M. H. Connor,
West Newbury.

Wm. Merrill.

I hereby certify that I helped thresh and measure the rye

grown on one acre by M. H. Connor, and the above figures

are correct.

John F. Cotjghlin.

STATEMENT OF WM. LITTLE'S RYE CROP.

To the Committee on Grain Crops of the Essex Agricul-
tural Society:

The crop of winter rye that I entered for premium grew
on one acre and twenty-eight rods of land. Upon it is
standing fifty-nine apple trees set out in 1879, and for the
ground they occupy no deduction has been made. The
soil is a medium loam such as is usually found on dry
ledgy land. The crop raised upon it in 1888 was potatoes
manured with about six cords of barn-yard manure spread
on and ploughed into the acre. The crop of 1889 was also
potatoes manured in the same way. After digging the
potatoes the land was thoroughly stirred with a disc harrow
and five pecks of rye sown, about Sept. 20, to the acre, using
no fertilizer for the crop of 1890.

The rye was cradled July 23 and stood in stooks about
two weeks when it wa3 put under cover. It was threshed
by hand on rainy days in September, and measured Oct.
4th, forty-one bushels and one peck of clean grain, which

I31

would make thirty-five and one-eighth bushels to the acre.

Besides this there was about a bushel of Indian grain.

*I think a fair estimate of the cost of the crop would be
Seed, $ 1 25

Harrowing and sowing, 4 00

Cradling, stooking and teaming, 10 00

Threshing and winnowing, 10 00

Use of land (low estimate on acc't of trees) 5 00

130 25
The value of the crop I estimate to be —

41| bushels of grain, $33 00

li tons of straw at $16 21 00

#57 00

Respectfully submitted,

William Little.

I hereby certify that the above statement of the amount
of land is correct.

N. W. Moody.
I hereby certify that the above statement of the amount
of crop is correct.

Carleton Little.

STATEMENT CONCERNING A CROP OF CORN RAISED BY C.
W. NELSON, ON TOWN FARM, GEORGETOWN, 1890.

The crop for 1889 was grass. Barnyard manure, seven
cords to the acre. Soil a sandy loam. Ploughed once in
April six inches deep.

Cost of ploughing, $1.50 per acre, $3 00

Harrowing and marking, 3 00

Planted in checks 3 ft. 10 inches each way.

•Committee's note.

Cost of crop per acre, $25 50

Value of grain and straw per acre, 48 53

Balance in favor of crop, $22 93

I -12

Manure spread on furrow and harrowed.
Value of same on ground at $5.00 a cord, 70 00
Ames' fertilizer, 500 pounds per acre, 16 00
Planted May 17, by hand, 16 quarts Nelson pro-
lific corn, cost of seed and planting, 3 00
Cultivated three times, hoed once, cost, 5 00
Shooked last week in Sept., cost of harvesting, 14 00

Cost of crop per acre, 157 00
Amount of crop 80 bushels, 64 pounds per acre.

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE TREAD-
WELL FARM.

The Treadwell farm is now without a tenant. By reason
of the non-fulfilment of the conditions of the lease to Mr. J.
Plummer it was terminated last March, and the committee
entered upon, and took possession of the premises, in be-
half of the society.

The farm has since been thoroughly advertised, but on
account of the general depressed condition of agriculture,
no satisfactory tenant was secured for this year, but an
agreement is made to lease it for a term of five years from
next April, on satisfactory terms. No attempt was made
this season to cultivate hoed crops. Very late in the sea-
son the pastures were let to Mr. Chas. J. Peabody at a very
low rate, as it seemed necessary to make some disposition
of it.

Mr. Plummer, the former tenant, wished to do something
on account of his indebtedness, and proposed to harvest
the hay crop without charge, which he did, and there is
now in the barn about thirty tons of hay belonging to the
society and is for sale, the proceeds of which, together
with the rent of the pastures will make the income of the
farm about as much as the rent would have been.

The barns and outbuildings are in good repair, but the
house needs shingling and some inside repairs, which will
be done before the term of the new lease begins.

133

No one regrets the apparent neglected appearance of the
farm the last season more than the committee, but circum-
stances beyond their control have operated against their
wishes. They endeavored to do all that could be done
under the difficulties that surrounded them.
Respectfully submitted,
Benjamin P. Ware,

Chairman of Committee.

NEW MEMBERS.
The total number of new members to Nov. 1st, 1890,
was twenty, including those who by receiving awards of
seven dollars or upwards, became members under the rule
which deducts three dollars from such awards to non
members for membership, which membership is for life,
without assessments, and entitles the member to a voice
and vote in the Society's business, and a copy of its annual
publication of its transactions. The following furnished
the new members:

Amesbury 1, Danvers 3,

Andover 1, Lynn 1,

Beverly 5, Middleton 1,

Boxford -:, Newbury 4,

Bradford 1, West Newbury 1.

Respectfully submitted,

John M. Danforth,

Secretary Committee.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON EXHIBITIONS OF

OTHER AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS

IN THE COUNTY.

Invitations were received by members of the committee
to visit exhibitions of the Houghton Horticultural Society
at Lynn, West Newbury Farmer's Club, the West Peabodj
Farmer's Club and the Amesbury and Salisbury Agricul-
tural Society.

134

Exhibitions were also held by the Methueu Grange and
North Andover Grange but reports of which, however,
have not been received.

The exhibition of the West Newbury Farmer's Club was
a grand success in every way. Without going into details,
there were fine specimens of horses in the several classes
of driving horses, work or farm horses, brood mares with
their colts, besides colts of different ages, showing points of
good breeding, working oxen, milch cows, bulls and
heifers in variety and superior quality.

The hall exhibit was a surprise, especially in apples,
pears, quinces, grapes, which for any year would have
been creditable, but for this year of scarcity, was certainly
remarkable. Flowers were not omitted, several local flor-
ists were present with their collections, and contributions
from private gardens, were tastefully arranged, adding
beauty and fragrance to the hall. The ladies too, were
present, with their ornamental and useful handiwork,
which showed much taste, skill and industry. There was
a fair exhibit of vegetables in variety.

But the great feature of this exhibition of the club as
usual, was its social character ; everybody was there with
their friends, the weather was all that could be wished.
The Newburyport Cadet Band heading a procession of 700
strong marched into the spacious tent where tables were
spread, sufficient for all and laden with the luxuries and
substantials that farmers' wives only can furnish, decorated
with the fruits and flowers of the season, and served by the
fair daughters of the village. After dinner all gathered
around the improvised grand stand located under the shade
of trees on the village green, to listen to music by the band,
songs from the Newburyport quartet club, and wise, other-
wise and humorous speeches of distinguished guests. — B. P.
Ware, President of the Essex Agricultural Society, Hon.
Warren Brown of N. H., Hon. E. P. Dodge, Mayor of
Newburyport, Hon. T. E. Burnham, Mayor of Haverhill,
Rev. S. L. Gleason, James P. King, Esq , of Peabody,

135

Rev. 0. S. Butler, of Georgetown, N. D. Dodge, of New-
buryport, who were presented by the president of the club,
Mr. Samuel Rogers, in a felicitous manner. The crowd of
men, women and children for two hours, standing, gave
close attention to the remarks of the speakers, promptly re-
sponding with applause to any good hit made by them, and
the excellent music offered. The festivities were continued
in the evening by a promenade concert and dance in the big
tent, thus making all happy by this, the seventeenth exhibi-
tion of the West Newbury Farmers' Club.

The Houghton Horticultural Society held its annual ex-
hibition at Lynn. This growing and prosperous city is
sometimes called the city of gardens, thus affording facili-
ties for a first-class exhibition of the choicest specimens of
fruit, more especially pears, which are grown in perfection
in these gardens, and their annual exhibitions are remark-
able for their excellence, and this year, although a general
scarcity prevailed, was no exception to the general rule.
Much attention is given to flowers also, but very little to
vegetables. Sociability is also encouraged in this society
by a banquet given in the evening of the closing day, which
is noted for the elegance of the repast, with speaking at
the close. This year's experience fully sustained the high
character of other years, being under the administration of
President Dr. J. W. Goodell.

The Amesbury and Salisbury Agricultural Society, al-
though working under a charter granted by special act of
the legislature, may properly be considered as a branch of
the Essex Society. It held its annual exhibition Sept. 30 and
Oct. 1, F. W. Sargent, Esq., president, which was very
satisfactory and creditable to this young and growing soci-
ety, but inasmuch as a detailed statement is published in
its transactions, an extended notice in this report is deemed
unnecessary.

The West Peabody Farmers' Club, Mr. G. H. Legro,
president, held an exhibition and fair Sept. 17th, and
although the weather was unfavorable, it did not prevent a

136

good attendance of people, and a fine show of vegetables,
fruit, flowers and fancy-work; there was also some fine
jxmltry on exhibition. This club is composed of intelligent,
wide-awake people who are alive to the interests of agricul-
ture; we think that within the limits of this club there are
more small fruits, poultry and eggs produced than in any
othersection of the county, of equal territory and population,
and these being the principal commodities every point is
discussed at their winter meetings and taken advantage of
and when it comes time for the annual exhibition, the tables
-are laden with the best specimens of everything, even to the
delectable and bounteous dinner that the ladies are so
famous for providing.

Benjamin P. Ware,

Chairman of Committee.

FARMERS' INSTITUTES.

The Society held six Institutes during the season of
1889-90 on as many days forenoon and afternoon, at which
the following subjects were opened by carefully prepared
essays, and freely discussed afterwards, viz. —

1. "Is the Present Massachusetts System of Taxation
Just and Equitable? "

2. " Highways and their Repairs."

3. "Poultry."

L "Agricultural and Pomological Products of Califor-
nia."

5. " Stock Feeding in Relation to the Dairy. "

6. " Exports and Imports. Their Effects or Influence
on the Agriculture of New England."

7. "The Durability of Different Varieties of Timber and
its Adaptability to Farmer's Uses."

8. "Experiments in Application of Plant Food."

9. " Reclaiming Wet Meadow Land."
10. " Education of Farmers."

*37

11. " Small Fruits."

12. " Ensilage."

All of which were reported quite fully in the " Esse:*
County Mercury " and a copy mailed to each member in,
the County.

The first Institute of the season and the 67th was heldi
at Methuen, Memorial Hall, Jan. 10, 1890, President Ware-
presiding; the subject being " Is the Present Massachusetts
System of Taxation Just and Equitable? "

Owing to the inclement state of the weather and the
prevalence of "La Grippe ", there was a small attendance
present. Sidney C. Bancroft Esq., of Peabody, was to open,
the discussion, but owing to sickness could not be there, andi
James P. King opened the subject by stating that he thought
the farmers generally were overtaxed, especially if they lived
near a village, and if there was a prospective chance of
their land ever being wanted for house lots. Mr. King
said that if a farmer could sell his land for what it was
assessed it was all right to tax it, but he should not be taxed
in anticipation of high prices; he believed that the plan that
is being agitated for real estate to pay all the taxes would
be ruinous to the farmer. While admitting that much of
the personal property pays a tax indirectly, he quoted au-
thority to show that not one fourth of the personal property
of the state was taxed. If there is any land in Essex County
that is worth more than one hundred dollars per acre (ex-
cept small choice lots on a good street) for farming purposes,
the speaker failed to know where it was.

Mr. C .C. Blunt stated that the present system is unjust
to the farmer. Farming is retrograding as a business yet
everything a farmer owns is in plain sight and is taxed even
to his dog and hens.

In all large towns the villages have water and lights for
which the farmers have to help pay, and in most instances
derive no benefit therefrom.

The general sentiment of the meeting was that under the
present 1 iws taxation is ruinous to the farmers and that some-
legislation should be had in regard to it.

13*

During the discussion a petition was circulated and largely-
signed stating that the laws of the Commonwealth are in-
adequate to the proper taxation of personal property, and
asking the Legislature to establish a system of direct tax-
ation, so that farm lands that derive little or no benefit from
city or town improvements should not be called upon to pay
for such.

At the afternoon session the subject " Highways and
Repairs " was opened by Mr. Charles C. Blunt of Andover,
who considered the present system of Commissioner, far
superior to the old one of surveyors of highways, but care
should be taken to retain theright man for Commissioner.
No public money is more foolishly or improperly wasted
than that for repairing high-ways. He believed in the use
of drains, and loose rocks on a clay subsoil or springy
roads.

Mr. Nathan Bushby of Peabody, considered the subject
of roads next to taxation, citing a case of how a muddy
springy piece of road was made a good dry piece by the use
of small stones put into the road bed and covered, so the
water could get through. A great trouble with country
roads is they make them too wide and have too much sur-
face to keep in repair.

Mr. G. S. Phippen of Mcthuen, said that his town voted
to have eighty-five per cent, of the money raised for roads
expended before the first of July, believing in drains and
small stones as the best material to use ; he believed the
proper way to build a road was to dig out the old road bed,
fill in with stones and cover lightly with gravel, crowning
the centre. President Ware. Albert Emerson, Chas. W.
Mann, and others spike in the same direction, all believing
in drains, small stones, or crushed stone as the best material,
and cheapest in the end.

The 68th Institute was held at the Town Hall, Peabody,
on Friday, Jan. 31, 1800. Rev. 0. 8. Butler of Georgetown,
was announced to speak at the morning session upon "Poul-

139
try," but owing to sickness could not be present, and Mr.
Thomas C. Durkee of West Peabody, was unexpectedly
called upon to take his place, and filled it very well consid-
ering he had made no preparation, speaking from an actual
and extended experience.

Mr. Durkee stated that he had been in the poultry busi-
ness about twenty years, and had always kept the light
Brahmas, because they are tough, can winter well, stand
more ventilation having no comb to freeze; he thought they
did not eat any more than Leghorns, especially if they can
get plenty of grass. He hatched chickens as early as March
and the cockerels are ready for the market early when they
bring a good price, he having got as high as thirty-five cents
a pound for them. He kept three hundred laying hens
and about one hundred chickens through the winter.

This breed averages about eight pounds each when full-
grown and he got from three to five cents a dozen more for
his eggs than smaller eggs sold for ; he thought eggs should
be sold by the pound. The speaker did not believe in long
coops but thought it better to build them about thirteen feet
long, and keep twenty-five hens and two cockerels in a coop;
by so doing if disease gets into a flock, they can be isolated
and kept under control.

For feed he would give mostly shorts and vegetables in
the morning, and corn and oats at night. For chickens he
fed rather more meal mixing it into a stiff dough, and be-
lieved there were more chickens died by pampering with them
than from any other cause. Mr. Perkins of Danvers, spoke
in favor of boiled clover for feed, and claimed that for geese
if they can have plenty of clover, grass and waste products
of the field and garden with a little corn they will thrive and
bring two dollars apieee at Christmas.

President Ware, T. C. Thurlow, and others spoke of the
effect of turning a flock of hens into an orchard from their
own experience and others that they knew, saying that the
insects they devoured and the fertilizing of the ground pro-
duced astonishing results.

140

Mr. Hawkes of Saugus, advanced the idea that poultry
now and is destined to be a main source of income and fer-
tilizer on the farm ; he believed there was no danger of the
poultry business being overdone and cited a case of an ex-
tensive poulterer who kept seven thousand or eight thousand
hens and made a very profitable thing of it.

At the afternoon session President Ware spoke upon "The
Agricultural and Pomological Products of California." To
give an idea of the state Mr. Ware said it was three times
as large as all New England, and then have enough left to
make two states the size of Massachusetts, while its sea-
coast stretched as far as from here to Georgia.

He advanced a theory as to the State's wonderful climate.
In winter the thermometer rarely reaches freezing and in
summer rarely a hundred; the theory concerning the tem-
perature was that the big ocean stream in the Pacific, which
corresponds with our Gulf Stream but is much larger, gov-
erns the temperature. Everything there is conducted on a
large scale, and the great land holdings are typical of the
place; some of these great lands were bought for a very
small sura of money, one that he cited containing thirty
square miles that was bought for twelve hundred dollars
near Monterey as late as 1856.

Gen. Bidwell's ranch which he visited consists of twenty-
two thousand acres, which is under the most complete culti-
vation. He has seven thousand acres in orchard, one thou-
sand in wheat, several hundred head of cattle, five hundred
horses, six thousand sheep, and raises apricots, prunes, nuts,
raisins, etc., One thousand acres are devoted to natural'
scenery, with immense native oaks, etc.

Most fruit trees come into perfect bearing condition in six
years; this ranch is about one hundred miles from Sacra-
mento in Sacramento valley; the owner, however, confesses
that the place does not pay expenses, because it is too large.

The schools and educational facilities of the state, except
in the sparsely settled portions, the speaker considered as-
good as in New England.

I4I

One large estate the speaker referred to made a specialty
of raising " alfalfa,'7 having over twenty thousand acres-
devoted to that crop. It is excellent feed for horses and
some of the land produces ten tons to the acre by cutting
five or six times in the season. It is stacked in the fields
by machinery.

Riverside is the great orange producing place, and one-
half the oranges raised in California are produced here.
Twelve years ago there was not a shrub here, now it is
covered with orange groves and beautiful ornamental trees.

The land companies sell land for agricultural purposes
with water privileges, and an annual tax of from sixty cents
to five dollars an acre for irrigation; sometimes this water
is brought in open ditches and sometimes in pipes. Lat-
terly however, the people are learning to cultivate the ground
more and irrigate it less; thus improving the flavor of the
fruit and preventing much needless growth of wood.

Southern California was comparatively but little known
until the opening of the Santa Fe route and San Diego in
that section has one of the finest harbors in the world.

The rolling country about San Diego has proved to be
finely adapted to agriculture, has a system of irrigation
costing $200,000 and the previously barren hills have been
converted into fine groves. Besides the orange and lemon
groves, the olive groves are giving much promise.

The raisin industry centres at Fresno, and is yet in its
infancy, though 534,213 boxes were shipped last year. The
air here is so dry that raisins arc cured out of doors, and
the absence of dew aids in this process. The grapes are
laid on trays, about twenty-five pounds to each, and are dried
in about fifteen clays, after which they go through a " Sweat-
ing'' process, under cover, lasting from ten to twenty days.

All fruit growing requires constant attention and five acres
is enough for one man to take care of, the tendency being
in favor of smaller holdings.

The imrmnse grain-growing interests of the state •were
touched upon, and it was stated that twenty-five million

142

bushels were exported last year besides home consumption.
The wheat is threshed, winnowed, stacked and sacked by
machinery in the field.

At this point Mr. Ware invited the audience to ask any
questions they wished and he would try and answer them.

The opportunity was embraced by many of those present
and about an hour was spent in this way, and the general
feeling was that it had been a very interesting and instruc-
tive meeting.

The 69th Institute was held at West Newbury, at the
Town Hall, February 14, 1890. The subject for discussion
in the forenoon was "Stock Feeding in relation to the
Dairy," opened by Mr. J. Otis Winkley of Newbury port,
who said that milk and butter are the principal sources of
income to the farmers, and that nothing excelled good
stable manure for fertilizing the land and increasing the
crops. The most profitable stock for butter was the Jer-
seys, but for milk he preferred the Ayrshires. The speaker
said stock raising in Essex County does not pay financial-
ly, but found that the extra cost of raising had well repaid
him in the quality and knowledge of the animals com-
pared to those he bought in the market. Different feeds
are required for butter and milk production, but the speak-
er confined himself to a general feed, and a variety for
quantity and quality; one part of corn meal mixed with
two parts of shorts he had found to be reliable for gen-
eralTpurposes, although he recommended Gluten. Cotton
seed meal he believed to be injurious, roots were a good
relisher and healthful, but do not increase the flow or
quality of milk. For forage crops he believed fodder corn
to be one of the best and the cheapest and large quantities
can be grown at small expense. He did not believe in
forcing or over feeding dairy stock as it shortened their
usefulness. Regularity in feeding and watering is very
important as the stock is more content and yields better
profit.

Mr. James P. King of Peabody, referred to the first
speaker's use of corn fodder and vigorously defended

143

the silo, he believed that no man could afford to make
milk at 3* cents per quart without a silo ; the cost of the
ensilage is trifling and the increase in manure increases
the productiveness of the farm.

Mr. Chas. J. Peabody of Topsfield, spoke of his exper-
ience with dry fodder corn ; he had made a practice of
raising sweet corn, stripping the ears and curing the fod-
der by stooking in the field. Cows will eat it all up clean
in the winter, and it increases the flow of milk.

Mr. George E. Herrick of Lynnfield, thought it a waste
to give a cow all she can eat; he feeds two or three times
a day on hay, and ensilage at night. He has more than
doubled his stock within a few years by raising ensilage,
and believes in it fully.

At the afternoon session the subject was "Exports and
Imports — Their effect or influence on the agriculture of
New England." Opened by Mr. George W. Russell of
West Newbury, who had evidently given the subject a
good deal of careful study, and evidently came out of it
a strong protectionist. In his opening remarks he claimed
that every dollar's worth of agricultural products that
was exported lowers the price to the farmer, and every
dollar's worth of manufactured articles imported hurts the
farmer's market. A profitable market, and a near one, and
a cheap supply of fertilize]', are the great needs of the
American farmer. The great want of the producers of
agricultural products is consumers of their products, and
producers of articles that farmers want to consume. He
said, build up the home market by building the fences so
high that all foreign products, both agricultural and
manufactured, must stay away. Nothing is raw material
that has labor or capital applied to it. We have all the
material we want for everything and it is free.

Others followed in the discussion, but brought out no
new ideas in regard to the subject, as the ground had been
pretty well covered.

The 70th Institute was held in the Town Hall, Tops-
field, Friday, February 28, 1890.

i44

Subject for discussion in the forenoon — "The Durability
of Different Varieties of Timber and its Adaptability to
Farmers' Uses," opened by Charles J. Peabody and Baxter
P. Pike of Topsfield, in a very interesting and instructive
manner. Mr. Peabody quoted largely as his authority »
the report of a State Commission to examine into the for-
estry of Massachusetts as far back as 1837. He divided
his subject into four classes — woods for farm buildings, for
implements and vehicles, for fences, and for fuel.

The principal building timbers are pine, hemlock and
spruce, the latter not abundant in Essex County, and all
three of about equal value for building purposes.

The Essex County pine brings from three to seven dol-
lars more per thousand than hemlock, one reason being that
hemlock is very much harder to work than pine.

Of woods for farm implements and vehicles we have the
white, yellow and other varieties of oak, five varieties of
walnut or hickory, and two of maple. These hard woods
are very slow in growth and it is said that it takes 150
years for the oak to get its growth.

Timber that is cut from the last of August to the middle
of October seasons the best for the reason that the leaves
continue to draw the sap from the trees after they are felled.

Most of the speakers who followed took occasion to speak
of the durability of hemlock, while all agreed that it was
harder to work than pine.

Mr. Edmund Hersey of Hingham, substantially confirmed
what Mr. Peabody said for the best and worst time to cut
timber, but named August as a good month and said it was
not necessary to let the leaves remain on to season the
wood. On his soil he found stakes would last one-third
longer with the top end in the ground.

He would cut pine for timber of about forty years growth,
when it is apt to be from twelve to twenty-four inches in di-
ameter and could see no reason for letting it grow longer.

In the afternoon Mr. Edmund Hersey of Hingham, gave
his experience in the application of plant food. Mr. Hersey

145

made a nice little opening address to the children, the point
of which was to urge them to keep their eyes open, study
nature and see her plans in what she docs. Plants of differ-
ent species take the same elements from the same soil and
yet remain true to their nature and produce their own kind.
Up to a certain point plants must have the kind of food they
need; they, like animals, may absorb a small amount of
poison or injurious substance without apparent detriment, a
larger amount and suffer injury without dying, and still
more will kill them. Thus the speaker had put salt around
a pear tree until it rendered the pear unfit to eat, although
a fine looking fruit. The wants of a plant should be studied
the same as those of an animal, and it should be fed accord-
ingly. Very little progress was made in this direction for
two centuries after the landing of the pilgrims, and about
all that has been learned in the last fifty years is an appre-
ciation of our ignorance. The agricultural papers and far-
mers' institutes are doing much to throw light on dark
places.

The chemist tells of what elements the plant is composed,
and one might naturally reason from that, that all there is
to do then is to feed into the land those elements. This is
not so. Clover contains more nitrogen than wheat, but it
will not do to feed the soil more nitrogen for clover than for
wheat. On the contrary, by some mysterious process
clover leaves more nitrogen in the soil than it takes from it.
Again, the elements wanted by plants may be plentiful in
the soil and yet hard to get at, while in other cases there
may be less of the same element in the soil, but in such a
form that it is readily obtainable.

The elements of plant food are nitrogen, potash and phos-
phoric acid. Some soils may be rich in one or two of these
and deficient in others; it is the farmer's business to find
out just what his land contains and stands in need of, and
then to act accordingly. And this fact, and the method of
ascertaining it, was the one idea that Mr. Hersey made*
prominent in his lecture.

146

To illustrate his experiments Mr. Hersey used two col-
ored charts, in which stripes of red, blue, yellow and white
represented stable manure, nitrogen, potasli and phosphoric
acid respectively. With great care in the application, Mr.
Hersey used each fertilizer separately, and each in combi-
nation with others in different portions. Those experi-
ments in which the potash predominated showed the poor-
est results, and those in which phosphoric acid predominated
the best; thus showing conclusively that phosphoric acid
was what was needed on his farm. But the result would
very likely be different on other soils.

Those who are unfamiliar with commercial fertilizers
should take what comes nearest to barnyard manures, and
no one should use fertilizers until familiar with their
nature. When using barnyard manure, the old practice of
rotation of crops should be pursued. For his supply of
phosphoric acid he used ground bone and South Carolina
rock, manufacturing the former and reckoning the expense
at $27 per ton and valuing the latter at $20 or less. He
had good success with the rock, but didn't know how it.
would work in a dry year. His soil was a sandy loam.

An old wood lot on which the stumps have decomposed
makes a rich soil, the acid from the decaying wood appar-
ently decomposing the mineral elements and releasing the
plant food from them. A great need on the farms today is
to save the wastes, particularly the liquids of manures. He
advocated farmers buying the material for and mixing
their own fertilizers.

For raising asparagus on his land he had found nothing-
better than dry bone — a ton to the acre. For potatoes he
made a compost of dry muck and superphosphates. For a
compost to experiment with he reduced ground bone with
acid, and while hot put in unleached ashes to dry it, com-
posting with dry muck. With this fertilizer and at a cost
of half a cent a hill, he had produced 667 bushels to the
acre. A common mistake is to call all fertilizers super-
phosphates; swperphosphate is simply a phosphate that has

147

been reduced by the addition of other material to a condi-
tion to be used for a fertilizer. On land well manured, su-
perphosphates in the hill are good to start potatoes. Hog
manure is a good and quick fertilizer for potatoes, and hen
manure, mixed with ashes and muck, is good to give corn a
start. In dry seasons, he found that commercial fertilizers
worked better than barnyard manures.

Mr. J. J. H. Gregory, of Marblehead, endorsed what
Mr. Hersey had said about experimenting with fertilizers
and the value of such experiments to those who engaged in
them. We should avail ourselves of the knowledge of
what is tried at the experiment stations, and learn the
meaning of the few terms necessary to understand it. We
should not only know what the land is naturally, but keep
a debit and credit account of what is put on and its status
each year. The first crop produced on a virgin soil after
wood had been cut from it takes a richness that is never re-
placed. The decaying wood may give a fertility to the land,
but the speaker thought that the shading of the land might
have more to do with it, for it is a well established fact that
land shaded by trees or covered with boards acquires a pe-
culiar richness of its own.

a Mr. B. J. Balch of Topsfield, asked if slips from potato
vines, starte d in greenhouses and then set out, would pro-
duce tubers. Mr. Hersey and Mr. Gregory both replied
yes, but said the method was too expensive to be of practi-
cal utility. In response to another question by Mr. Balch,
Mr. Hersey replied that he had never tried commercial fer-
tilizers in solution, or known of their being tried, and should
hardly think there would be any advantage in it.

Mr. William Walch of Topsfield, evidently took no
stock in fertilizers and didn't think it paid to use them.
Mr. Nathan A. Bushby of Peabody, believed with Mr.
Walch that barnyard manure must remain the great staple
fertilizer, though the commercial article is a good second-
ary element for starting the vegetables. He did not agree
with a statement by Mr. Hersey that fertilizers would do

I4cS

better than barnyard manures in a dry year. Mr. Ware
in general endorsed what Mr. Hersey said and enlarged
some of the points he had made.

EXPERIMENTS WITH POTATOES.

Mr. Hersey gave the results of planting large potatoes
cut, and small whole potatoes, at a meeting in Topsfield
some few years since, and on Friday he gave the summing
up of ten years' experiments. In starting the experiment
he used equal weights of large and small potatoes, cutting
the large into as many pieces as there were small tubers.
The product in ten years showed as follows : —

Small Potatoes.
Large, 255 lbs ; small 80 1-4 ; total 335 1-4.

Large Potatoes.
Large, 226 lbs: small, 90; total 316.

This shows a superiority of small uncut potatoes over
large ones cut, for planting, both in the total production
and the number of marketable ones produced.

After Mr. Hersey concluded, the following letter from Dr.
Loring was read by Major David W. Low, Secretary.

Lisbon, January 18, 1890.
My Dear Sir : 1 am happy to comply with your re-
quest to present some view of the agriculture of Portugal,
to be laid before an institute of the Essex County Agricul-
tural Society during the present winter. I cannot promise
to give anything new or perhaps interesting, — but I can at
least show my regard for that association with which I have
been connected so many years, which was an object of
great interest to me in my boyhood, and which has taken
the lead in all efforts for the improvement of the great in-
dustry which it represents. Before I reached Portugal
last July, I was obliged to traverse other European coun-
tries, and I am inclined to think the most interesting ac-

149

count I can give will be one which includes what I saw on
my way, as well as what'I have seen here. In doing this
I shall be obliged to repeat some things I have said else-
where ; but I have no right to suppose all the members
of the Essex Agricultural Society know what I have been
saying, and then I have the satisfaction of knowing that a
good story will always bear repetition.

It was on the morning of June 17th that I first saw the
shore of England as I landed at Southampton on my jour-
ney hither. The season was most delightful, — the month
which the poet calls ''the leafy June," — and the fields and
gardens of the old country were a scene of beauty to the
traveller, and of agricultural skill and prosperity to the
eye of the farmer. I was surprised to find so much well-
ordered market gardening as I saw along the railroad from
Southampton to London. It is not many years since the
cultivation of lands lying near the large cities was first
urged upon the English farmer for the purpose of market
gardening ; and even now the conversion of such lands in-
to sheep-pastures is quite a common occurrence. The
first crop of hay was being gathered from fields devot-
ed to grass, and the yield was abundant. But the vegeta-
ble growth in fields devoted to potatoes, early cabbages, tur-
nips, kale, carrots, cauliflower, spinach, etc., was most lux-
uriant, and the cultivation was systematic, clean, and well
arranged. Not a weed was to be seen — and so far as I
could judge, not a half-starved plant.

The crops looked healthy and luxuriant. I missed our
handsome fields of sweet corn which constitute so impor-
tant a part of the early cropping in Essex County, and 1
was inclined to look with compassion on a people who did
not enjoy the luxury of this vegetable on their tables ; and
so deep was this compassion that I have ordered a supply
of sweet corn for seed to be sent from the Pickman farm,
which I suppose the whole world knoivs is famous for this
crop, to the Marquis of Ahsa, whose estates are in Scotland
and who entertained me on his yacht, the Titania, on the

*5o

Tagus last summer. This tract of farming land in England
reminded me more of the agriculture of Massachusetts
than anything else I saw in that country.

When I reached London, I found that the great exhibi-
tion of the Royal Agricultural Society, — a great anniver-
sary exhibition, — would take place at Winsor in a few
days. Great effort had been made to make this show the
most important and impressive ever held in England.
And it was. Nearly sixty thouasnd dollars were offered
in premiums, the presence of the queen and the royal fam-
ily was promised, and the best breeders of horses, cattle,
sheep and swine had prepared their prize animals — and a
prize animal in England means an animal as near perfec-
tion as he can be brought. There were more than four
thousand entries — the sheep alone numbering nearly a
thousand. The horses were mostly horses bred for
draught on the farm, and consisted of Clydesdales, Dien
horses, Suffolks, with Cleveland bays for the carriage, and
ponies for light driving, but no thoroughbreds or trotters,
and no Percherons. The exhibition in the classes of cat-
tle can hardly be described, for a prize short horn or
Hereford or Devon in English means a perfection of shape,
an accumulation of fat, and a softness in handling which it
is hard for us in New England to conceive.

The display of implements of husbandry covered more
than fifteen thousand square feet ; and while great ingenu-
ity and good mechanical workmanship were displayed, I
remembered with great satisfaction the grace and beauty
of the American manufacture, especially in ploughs and
shovels, rakes and forks, as well as reapers and mowers.
I remembered moreover with supreme satisfaction that all
these implements are from 25 to 30 per cent, cheaper in
the United States than in England. The number of visi-
tors at this exhibition was 175,000, and the queen made
repeated visits and took many prizes, as she did also at the
Smithfield fat-stock show. The interest felt in London at
the time of the exhibition was great.

i5i

It took but a few hours to be transported from this ag-
ricultural affluence to the less striking, of farming in
France. As I travelled by rail from Calais to Paris there
was a generally diffused agricultural prosperity, such as is
seen in wheat fields and hop yards, and common herds of
cattle. The scene indicated thrift and popular welfare,
but no application of scientific skill and special cultivation,
and so from Paris southward through that historic section
of France until you come into the neighborhood of Bor-
deaux, where the vineyards cover hill and valley and con-
stitute by far the most important part of the agricultural
industry, an interesting branch of farming, but not one
the Essex Agricultural Society could imitate.

From Bordeaux onward the farming becomes more diffi-
cult and less interesting. You are soon brought into the
region of the Pyrenees, whose steep and lofty cliffs are
unfit for cultivation, and whose valleys arj overshadowed
a large part of even the long summer days. And when
you have crossed this ridge of mountains and have entered
Spain, the prospect becomes still more discouraging. I
should say that from Burgos, one of the first towns of im-
portance you enter in Spain, all the way to Madrid the re
is hardly an acre of fine farming land.

I shall never forget the view I had of the famous Esco-
rial in the early sunrise of a summer day. The palace win-
dows were glistening in the sun, the splendid architecture
was brought out in all its beauty by the morning light,
and nature had provided for the most impressive view of
this magnificent building. But the surrounding land-
scape was most discouraging, even to the eye of taste, ut-
terly hopeless to the eye of the farmer. On every hand
hill and valley were covered with stones and small boul-
ders as thickly strewed as if scattered from a huge pepper-
box prepared for the seasoning of utter desolation. Even
the spaces between the stones appeared hard, dry and bar-
ren, and this condition of the land continued all the way

• 152

to Madrid, more than twenty miles. From Madrid to
the boundary of Portugal the country is of about the same
description. And not until you enter the weird and ghost-
ly cork forests of Portugal, interspersed with olive groves
and here and there a vineyard, does this state of things
come to an end,.

And now I have reached the farming of Portugal, a de-
scription of which you have requested and which I will give
with some fear, as I have said, of repetition. Agriculture
means a great deal in Portugal. More than fifty per cent,
of the soil is fit for cultivation; the great mass of the peo-
ple are engaged in tilling the soil, the government encour-
ages the industry as far as possible, the King owns large
estates and is deeply interested in the products and en-
couragement of his farms. The present king, Dom Carlos
I., looks carefully after his property of this description, has
large cork-forests, and told me with considerable pride
that he sold 830 : 000 worth of pigs last season, fed largely
on the acorns produced by his cork trees. The manufac-
tures of Portugal are very small. It is the land which oc-
cupies the attention of a hard working, diligent, patient,
economical people, whose day of toil extends from sunrise
to sunset the year round.

Portugal does not raise grain enough for her own con-
sumption, but she produces 830,000,000 worth of wine, and
but few of her productive acres lie idle. Even the sand
hills, in which vines are planted five feet deep in order to
find the moisture, are carefully cultivated. The cereal pro-
ductions of the kingdom amount annually to $43,087,010,
of which Indian corn amounts to $20,477,310, wheat,
$13,365,000, rye 86,941,410, and barley $1,406,160. The
crops vary largely in amount, ranging from 2 bushels of
wheat to 10 bushels to the acre, and rye in about the same
proportion. According to the careful official estimates
contained in the Report of the Director General of Agri-
culture, land fertilized with 85. 25 worth of manure or other
fertilizer will produce 27 bushels of wheat on 2 1-2 acres,

153

the value of the wheat and straw being $30 and costing
•$30.01. Of Indian corn the estimate is interesting, as fol-
lows, on 2 1-2 acres :

Lib>r of oxeu ploughing and h growing §10 0rJ

Seed 75

24 days' hoeing at 20 cents per day 4.80

6 days' watering 1.80

Manuring 6.30

Harvesting, husking and shelling 4.20

Expenses $27.85

Crop 33 1-2 bushel on 2 1-2 acres, valued at $33.75

Corn Fodder on 2 1-2 acres 8.00

41.75

Potatoes according to the estimate, yield 365 1-2

bushels on 2 1-2 acres, and are valued at $75.00, costing
$66.46. The market price of wheat is about $1.00 per
bushel; Indian corn, $1.00 ; rye, 75 cts. ; barley, 70 cts.;
oats, 35 cts. ; white beans, $1.08. Beef brings 11 cts.
per pound ; veal. 10 cts. : mutton, 7 cts. ; pork, 10 cts.
The wages of farm hands are about 25 cts. per day for
men and 12 cts. for women. The wine product in 1882
was 125,000,000 gallons; this year it has been largely re-
duced.

The pastures in Portugal, except in the Douro district,
are poor; and the hay crop is generally light. Cattle and
horses are fed largely on straw. I have not seen a
load of hay since I reached this country — nor a bale of
hay. T have seen huge boats or gondola loads of straw
brought down the river, — the immense cargoes built out
on frames far beyond the gunwale, — and chopped and fed
to the cab horses in baskets as they stand about the streets.
I am told that horses thrive better on this food than on
the hay which is grown in the country.

Horses, sheep, goats, donkeys and mules abound. The
donkeys are smill and stubborn. The mules are of fair
size and great strength. The horses are of a common
breed and very hardy. In Lisbon all draught animals are
subjected to great trials on account of the steep hills', and

154

on this account the horses are seldom sound. The sheep
have lost much of their quality as merinos, for which they
were formerly distinguished. The cattle are very fine.
I have never seen in any one section so many good oxen
as I have seen in and around Lisbon. They are large,
reaching often seven feet and three or four inches, of a
uniform dun or black color, with strong well-formed limbs,
straight bodies, wide hips, bevel rumps and well-shaped
heads. They work singly or in pairs and are trained to
perfection. The cows are also remarkably good, and are
well cared for. In Lisbon there are vaccarias or milk shops
in which are kept from six to twenty cows, provided with
elegantly furnished stalls, kept perfectly clean and used
to furnish fresh milk to customers. The cows and the
counter are in the same apartment. They are among the
finest specimens of dairy cows I have ever seen, being ap-
parently Holsteins of moderate size and admirable shape,
and well developed grade Jerse}rs. They are fed on all
they can eat of wheat straw carelessly threshed by tread-
ing and coarsely chopped ; to which are added twice a day
about ten quarts of a mixture of large beans soaked and
coarse wheat-bran — three quarts of beans and seven of
wheat-bran, — evidently a most nutritious food.

Great care has been taken in breeding horses, and the
government has established sixty-five breeding-studs, thirty-
one in the north and thirty-four in the south, — in which
may be found the Thoroughbred, the cross of Arab and
Portuguese, the Anglo-Norman, the cross of English and
Portuguese, the Cleveland Bay, the Hackney, the Anglo-
Arab, and the cross of Portuguese and the Morocco. They
breed especially for the saddle throughout the kingdom,
and sure-footed, elastic, well-made horses for this purpose
can be found everywhere. A delegation from Morocco has
recently arrived in Lisbon bringing twelve beautiful spec-
imens of the horses of that country as a present to the
kino- of Portugal.

155

In 1888 the Department of Agriculture organized a
most interesting exhibition in the city of Lisbon. The
directors in organizing the show presented with great force
the character of the display they desired, and the advan-
tages to be derived from it. They urged the judges to
consider carefully the fitness of the various animals for
the service required for them and for the demands of the
market. Especial attention was called to the breeds of
animals already existing in Portugal, which, being accus-
tomed to the climate and food, thrive well and fatten early;
and great care in the selection of animals for crossing was
urged. Great satisfaction was expressed with the native
bulls, while the necessity for using better stallions was
strongly laid down. They encouraged Portuguese and
not foreign breeds of cattle therefore, and they especially
objected to the introduction of foreign breeds if they tend
to weaken the native stock. The premiums offered under
these rules were very liberal and significant. For the best
stallion, -1200 ; for the best lot of mares, $80 ; for the best
lot of colts, -960 ; for the best gelding, $200 ; for the best
saddle-horse, $100. For the best bull the premium offered
was $60 ; for the best lot of three rams, $18; for the best
boar, $20. No premiums were offered for specific breeds.

The characteristics of this industrial organization which
I have briefly described are simplicity and economy. The
investments are not large — nor are the profits. The amount
of money involved is comparatively small. The wages
of labor as I have pointed out are very low, and steady,
long-continued toil is the law of life. I have seen laborers
going to the fields before sun-rise, as I have said, and I
have seen them returning at twilight in the evening.
Their repose they take at mid-day. I have seen twenty
reapers at work in a wheat-field which a reaper and binder
would have cut in a few morning hours, and the field was
not half reaped towards the close of the forenoon. In it
all, I saw no recognized poverty, nor did I see much wealth
or energy or ambition. The people were well-clad, and

'56

they were evidently well-fed, if we may judge by strength
and form and muscle.

In fact, the Portuguese are a well-made people. The
strength of the porters is amazing. The longshoremen
are vigorous and strong. The soldiers have sturdy limbs
and a great stride. The carriers in the streets of Lisbon
are strong, erect, sturdy young women from the Douro
district, who rear heavy baskets of fish and coal from the
barges, and vegetables on their heads, while they travel
bare foot over the stony streets in all weather, wet and
dry, warm and cold. The young men who go forth to their
business in Lisbon have athletic frames. The pedestrians
in Cintra possess great muscular power — else the hills
would kill them. The climate is delightful. The soil is
easily cultivated. There is no frost. In the seven months
that I have been here I have seen showers, but not a half
dozen rainy days.

It is now the lflth of January and the market is full of
fresh vegetables, turnips as white as snow balls, carrots as
yellow as gold, cauliflower of the most delicate texture,
and spinach as " green as grass." This is a great country
for farming, and the people engaged in this occupation
are so contented with their lot into which they are born
that the question of profit never enters their minds, and
the family subsistence is as assured as the changing of the
seasons. They have an agricultural college, and they have
model farms, but they have no institutes. If they had I
would read to them for their edification and instruction
one of the debates of the Essex County Institute on the
benefit of silos, or the value of the corn crop, or the duty
which should be laid on eggs.

I trust your meetings will be successful, and I assure
you I should enjoy joining in your discussions.

Truly Yours,

Geo. B. Loring.

Major David W. Low, Sec, Gloucester.

157

The 71st Institute was held at the Town Hall, Bradford,
Tuesday, March 18, 1890, President Ware presiding.

The subject announced for the morning session was "The
Reclaiming of Wet Meadow Land'' to be opened by Mr. T.
C. Thurlow of West Newbury, but owing to sickness he
could not be present and Rev. 0. S. Butler of Georgetown,
was called upon to open the discussion.

Mr. Butler frankly stated in opening that his remarks on
farming were based more upon his observation of others
than upon his own limited experience.

About one fifth of the territory of Essex County is in
wet meadow laud, and as a large proportion of this low
land is in close proximity of our homes there are two ob-
jects in reclaiming it— first, profit, and second, to improve
the beauty and sanitary conditions of our homes.

In reclaiming, the character of the land must be taken
into consideration ; if there are from five to ten feet of
muck on the meadow, the treatment should be different
from where there is only one or two feet with a gravely or
clay bottom. But the primary object is to get rid of the
surplus water, and then improve it the same as upland.

Mr. Butler cited several cases of reclaimed land that had
come under his observation, and said that some had
made it a permanent thing, and raised enormous crops on
it year after year, while others had spent a great deal of
money in draining and had let the land finally go back to
its original state, the expense being too large in keeping the
water out of it to make it profitable.

To sum up his remarks Mr. Butler finally came to the
following conclusions : first, that these swamp lands can
be reclaimed, and second, that there are very few acres of
such land that will pay in dollars and cents to reclaim
when much of the best farming lands in the county may
be obtained at from $50 to $100 per acre, while the
cost of reclaiming the swamps, if reckoned at what it would
really cost in labor, would be from $150 to 8500 per acre.
President Ware, in opening the subject for discussion, took

158

an opposite view to Mr. Butler and not only expressed the
belief that it did pay to reclaim those lands when done in-
telligently, but it was one of the best investments farmers
could make ; although, where there are meadows that cut
good crops of native hay at no expense he thought it best to
let them alone.

Mr. E. G. Nason of West Newbury, took Mr Butler's
view of the case, and cited examples of marked failure in
his town, but unless we can increase the value of land he
would advise to let the meadows alone and attend to the
uplands.

Mr. David Warren of Swampscott, gave his experience
in underdrained land, and believes it a paying investment
in certain kinds of land; his underdrained land had pro-
duced 1000 bushels of onions to the acre, and 150 barrels
of potatoes.

Mr. N. A. Bushby of Peabody, referred to Mr. Warren's
land as the best drained in the county, and cited other
cases, but was in general of the same opinion as Mr. But-
ler, that the cost of reclaiming, is too large to warrant any
profit from it.

Mr. James P. King, N. P. Perkins of Wenham, and
others spoke on the subject, and all came to the conclusion
that it would be better to go slow on reclaiming.

The afternoon meeting was opened by M. Walsh Bart-
lett of West Newbury, who read a very thoughtful and care-
fully prepared paper on " The Education of Farmers."

Education, said Mr. Bartlett, is development and may be
divided into physical, moral, religious, and mental.

The physical training a farmer finds in his work, the re-
ligious he left for the church and Sunday School and then
devoted his remarks to the mental. Man's progress in ed-
ucation has been uneven, but surely forward since the ear-
liest times. A certain amount of manual labor strength-
ens a man, while too much deadens his forces. Some peo-
ple educate their children merely to make a living — and
this is the curse of American life, this "Bread and Butter"

159

aim contracts them, they should he educated for American
•citizens.

Impressions are strongest in the young, and the charac-
ter is mostly developed at an early age ; most education is
derived outside the schools and colleges; who cannot recall
the time when the course of his life might have been
changed by different influences. On entering life and tak-
ing his individual place, if he cannot hold his own, no mat-
ter what book learning he may have, he is a parasite or a
pauper.

The doctor and lawyer both require special training, so
does the farmer; whatever sacrifices he has to make, let him
keep out of debt, then he will be independent; the love of
home should be greater than that for anything else, let him
keep accounts and be able to tell just where he stands.

Going into his personal experiences, Mr. Bartlett said
that thirty years ago, broken in health, and unacquainted
■with farming, he gave up his former pursuits and purchased
ten acres of land with an old house on it.

He had enough money left to put the house in repair, to
buy a cow and calf and $25 left over ; for that twenty-five
dollars he had so many uses that he never spent it. He
took an inventory of stock at commencing, and again at the
end of the year and came out $10 ahead, the best ten dol-
lars he ever made. Some years he had done worse than
that, but nevertheless has enough now to carry him through,
providing he dies before it is all gone.

The secret of acquiring an education is to know how to
spend our leisure time to advantage; one might say study
this thing, study that, one can't study them all. Study
that which will be useful to you. The speaker recom-
mended books on the various branches of farming, on his-
tory, especially of our own country, discarding newspapers,
that reading in his opinion being the great evil of the day.
Anything worth reading is worth reading twice, and any-
thing worth reading is worth owning. Finally, the far-
mer's social life needs development, and he is now doing
better in this respect than formerly.

i6o

President Ware in opening the subject for debate had a
word to say about the value of an education in the sciences,
and said that it should be our great aim in life, to mike
ourselves useful, and not to make money.

Rev. 0. S. Butler was introduced as an educator, and
dissented from Mr. Bartlett in regard to what he said about
the newspapers. No man, said the speaker, owed more to
the newspapers than himself, but would agree with Mr.
Bartlett that the young should be educated on the line of
American citizenship, and have them inform and educate
themselves to statecraft.

The 72nd Institute, and the last of the season was held
in Town Hall, Beverly, on Wednesday, April 2nd, and the
subject in the forenoon was "Small Fruits'' opened by Al-
bert Emerson of Haverhill, who read an able essay on the
subject, first treating of the berries as food, claiming that
they should be eaten at every meal, ripe and in their natur-
al state, and not covered up with artificial sweetness, or
spices, the cultivation and eating of small fruits tend to
temperance, morality and health. It is economical to grow
fruits, they should be grown for the family and for use, for
a market crop they pay as well as other crops when grown
by the right man and marketed at tlin right time. In
growing, a moist soil is best for most berries, but grapes do
better on higher ground.

Mr. J. S. Needham of West Peabody, a veteran in the
business, said that although lie had been raising fruit so
many years, he did not consider himself an expert, and the
more he was in it, the more uncertainty he found ; the great
demand is for large berries, especially the strawberry,
though the smaller ones have more juice, flavor and rich-
ness. He believed that the strawberry did best on light
land made rich by fertilizers, but would advise selecting
the right variety for the right land. Mr. Aaron Low of
Essex, spoke of the peculiarity of the strawberry and
thought different varieties did better in different localities ;
some kinds would not do well on a heavy loam soil:

i6i

lie thought the success of raising strawberries for profit was
in having a good home market.

The subject for the afternoon session was "Ensilage and
Silos,"1 opened by Rev. O. S. Butler of Georgetown, who
is an advocate of the silo, and has given it a great deal of
careful study. The different conclusions he alluded to in
his essay, be arrived at from the answers to many ques-
tions he had sent to different people in a period of the
last ten years.

Mr. Butler made the statement that this method of pre-
serving green fodder for winter use, is not a modern in-
vention; he made this point to show that the silo is a long
established success and not a modern invention. Roots
have been preserved in silos for 200 years. Mr. Butler
proceeded to give a history of the silo for the last 25
years, stating that the first one built in this country was
in Winchester County, New York, in 1875, for the storage
of Brewers' grain, with success, and afterwards the experi-
menter tried fodder corn with such success that he has
filled three silos with corn every year since. In 1879 Dr.
John M. Bailey of Billerica, built the first silo in New
England — now there are forty in Essex County that I have
received answers to my questions from, and many more I
have not sent to.

Ensilage may be fed to all kinds of stock with advan-
tage. Colts and brood mares thrive on it. Grass, pre-
served in boxes, packed tight when cut, on the silo prin-
ciple, is voraciously devoured by poultry. The milk and
butter made from ensilsge is as good as that from June
grass, and more uniform, and ensilage does not give a
taste to the milk.

To get the best results from ensilage it should be fed
with some other nutritious dry fodder. All kinds of
grass, grain, roots and apples may be used in the silo with
success, but corn isjbest.

There is little choice in the varieties of corn.

l62

The best method of storing is to cut tine, say in half
inch lengths, pack solid and weight heavily, make it en-
tirely impervious to the air; the cost of producing and stor-
ing on an average is about $2.50 per ton, and the cost of
building a stone or brick silo with good cement is about
$1.50 per ton.

President Ware gave some of his personal experiences;
he said that if water gets into the silo, the ensilage it
touches will be spoiled. If straw is put on top of ensilage
in the silo it will rot during the winter.

Mr. C. F. Emerton spoke of the importance of weighting
heavily.

Mr. Warren Brown of Hampton Falls, N. H., said he was
not an early convert to the silo, but he had got all over his
suspicion: his first experience was with Brewers' grain
(which is very perishable); put into the silo he had kept it
a year with very little waste.

Mr. James P. King said last year he sold $100 worth of
ears from an acre of ensilage corn in addition to 23 tons of
fodder put into the silo.

ESSAY ON THE CARE AND FEEDING OF STOCK
FOR DAIRY PURPOSES.

BY GEORGE A. ROGERS.

To secure the best results from dairy stock certain
requisites must be provided, and it is to these that I will
first call your attention.

The stable should be made as near air-tight as possible.
Then provide ventilation to furnish the necessary amount
of pure air in such a manner as to avoid drafts.

Remember that with every shiver there disappears a
quantity of food from the barn as well as some of the milk
from the cows. An animal cannot use up all its food in

163

keeping warm and at the same time make milk. Milk is
from the surplus of the food after all the bodily wants
and needs of the animal are supplied. Whenever a
stream of cold air pours in upon the cattle or when they
are miserable or uncomfortable, a stream of wasted food
pours out all the^time through the same opening.

The value of sunshine is not appreciated. If possible
have your cattle stalls on the south side of the barn.
Then put in the windows close together. Give the stock
all the sunshine possible, it does not cost much and it is
a great factor toward bringing them out in good condition
in the spring as well as in making them happy all winter.
Every spring and fall whitewash the walls, ceiling and
mangers. It makes the stable sweet and clean and makes
it look more cheerful. Provide good tight mangers and
an even floor raised slightly in front.

Next in importance to the stable is the water supply.
The water furnished stock should be absolutely pure.
Don't try to filter impure water through a cow in the ex-
pectation of getting good milk. It is neither good for the
cow nor for the persons using the milk. If possible have
your watering trough in the barn or in an adjacent shed.
Don't oblige your stock to go out in the cold months to
drink. Cattle will do better kept in the barn from Nov.
30th to April 1st, than they would if obliged to spend two
hours out doors each day. On bright pleasant days an
hour's exercise will do them good, but on cold stormy days
this time spent out doors would prove detrimental rather
than beneficial.

It pays to warm water for stock. Experiments in
France from those eating the same food, show that a cow
supplied with water at a temperature of 113 degrees will
give one-third more milk than one drinking cold water.
The same is true here in Massachusetts and in my opinion
it would pay any farmer keeping twenty cows to buy a
boiler, and while he is about it he might as well buy an
engine too. By using the former the water can be warmed

164

for the stock, food can be steamed, and the barn and
chicken house warmed; while the latter will cut the feed,
pump water, thresh, cut wood, etc.

Having provided a warm stable, plenty of sunshine,
pure water and means of warming the water, and steam-
ing the food, we are ready for the stock. What shall it
be?

Many farmers have some favorite breed which they keep
in its purity. I wish more did the same. If you have
not the money to buy thoroughbred stock enough to fill
your dairy, buy a thoroughbred bull and cross with your
present stock. Avoid inbreeding by buying new bulls
and continue this process until the fifth generation is
reached when you will have cows thirty-one thirty-sec-
onds pure blood. These cows for all practical purposes
are as good as the thoroughbreds and would be considered
such by all but expert judges. I trust that each farmer
that reads this will resolve to improve his stock. I am
convinced that it pays to raise good stock. We can rsise
it as cheap as we can buy it, besides cows that are raised
and kept on the same farm are better contented, and gen-
erally do better than those bought.

A good dairy cow grows up from a well-fed, warmly
sheltered calf. If a calf is dainty, dispose of it early, if
the fault is not cured. Accustoming a young animal to a
variety of food is the best way to develop a good appetite.
"As the twig is bent so the tree will grow." As the calf
is so will be the cow. If the calf is treated kindly it will
love its master. When its love and confidence is once
gained it can be taught almost anything. I commence to
pet and handle calves when they are a few weeks old and
when one year old they are as quiet and as orderly as any
cow.

Yearlings and two year olds should spend five or six
months of the year in the pasture.

Young stock will thrive upon coarse fodder or ensilage
supplemented with roots or a light ration of grain. Many

i65

farmers are prejudiced against feeding grain to young an
iraals, but this prejudice is unfounded. Heifers should
commence to give milk when from twenty-four to thirty
months old. If they have been handled right you will
have but little trouble with them. Still, patience and
self-control are sometimes necessary. The worst thing
that can be done to a cow is to strike or yell at her until
she is badly scared. Such treatment worries her and
worrying is as injurious to the health and good order of
animals of all kinds as it is to the human family. You
should speak to a horse as you would to a gentleman and
to a cow as 3~ou would to a lady. Remember that the only
recompense our faithful friends, the dumb animals, receive
is board, shelter and kind caresses.

Man was created their superior and most animals are
subject to him. He has a right to govern but not to abuse
them. Would it be but fair for a man who ill-treats and
abuses dumb animals to receive the same treatment from
Him who is our superior, and to whom all of us are sub-
ject. Do unto others — even the dumb animals — as you
would wish to be done by.

Cows should be fed regularly and at stated intervals and
not every time you go to the barn. They soon get accus-
tomed to either method. If the first is pursued they will
lie and chew their cud until feeding time comes; if the
other they will get up every time you go to the barn.

Oar cows are fed twice a day, this gives them from 9
A. >r. to 3 P. m. to rest and enjoy themselves. When cows
first come to the barn in the fall they should be given the
best of hay. As the days begin to lengthen it will do to
increase the amount of rough fodder. When cows are
first turned to grass in the spring the change from dry feed
to grass should be as gradual as possible. It is useless to
state here the amount of hay and grain that should be fed
to cows; hardly any two require the same quantity.

Every farmer, to get the best results, must study the

i66

wants of each individual cow and feed accordingly. I am
satisfied that it pays to feed grain to cows and am at pres-
ent using for a regular winter ration, two quarts shorts,
and two quarts linseed meal per cow, supplemented with
one peck mangel beets and all the English hay that will
be eaten up clean. The silo has come to stay, but if a
a farmer feeds nothing but ensilage he will be disappointed.
There is no more propriety in feeding ensilage exclusively
in winter than there is of feeding nothing but green corn
in summer. Don't be deceived in regard to the value of
ensilage, remember that it is nothing more nor less than
corn fodder well preserved. To properly use ensilage it
must be as an article of partial diet. It furnishes green
succulent food at a season of the year when nothing else
can be had. Fed in connection with hay and grain, and
in small quantities, it not only promotes the flow of milk,
but increases the appetite, and adds largely to the comfort
and thrift of the animals.

In feeding hay always feed a small quantity at a time.
When this is eaten feed again. Remember that cows like
a change of food as well as men. It is a good practice to
put a small handful of salt in the grain once a day. The
more water a cow drinks the more milk she will give.
Cows should be milked regularly by the same man in the
same order. Regularity of hour in commencing the milk-
ing of the herd is an advantage in securing the best re-
sults. Card and brush the cows every day. keep them
clean. After you once commence to do this, the improved
appearance of your herd will cause you to keep up the
practice.

In closing let me again remind you to be kind to all
animals and always treat them as you would wish to be
treated were you in their place and they in yours.

167
OUR HOME MARKET.

BY CHARLES H. MANN.

An abundant harvest may not always be a sure indica-
tion of the prosperity of a farmer. His prosperity is as-
sured only when his abundant harvest finds a good market.

The six cities of Essex county afford a market far be-
yond the ability of the farmers of this county to supply;
they will take all that can possibly be raised and more
too, and yet, as a rule, we find difficulty in marketing the
produce of our farmers at prices which makes farming a
profitable business.

They pay a high price for what they buy — we get a low
price for what we sell— between us is the dealer who gets
rich in a few years by bridging this narrow chasm be-
tween producer and consumer, and compels the people on
both sides to pay a very high toll for a very short bridge.

A friend of mine became interested, one day, in watch-
ing a dealer in a city buy and sell a barrel of spinach. He
bought it of a farmer for seventy-five cents. In a few
minutes he had sold three single pecks for twenty-five
cents each and got his money back again. He then filled
two bushel boxes from what remained which he soon sold
to a hotel steward for one dollar each, making a net
profit of two dollars on an investment of seventy-five
cents, within half an hour. This may be a little better
than the average, but such trades are being made eveiy
business day in the year. Two hundred and sixty-six and
two-thirds per cent, of profit is indeed a heavy toll for
crossing so short a bridge.

In a few things farmers may find it profitable to deal
directly with families but to carry it to any great extent
would make them a race of peddlers. It takes too much
time to retail out the crops of a large farm and the system
is adapted only to a limited business. Hotel and restau-

1 68

rant keepers who have sudden calls for large quantities,
could not depend on a market supplied in this small way:
there must he stores and market houses keeping a stock
equal to any emergency. But shall the keepers of these
stores and markets control the business and prices with-
out the producer and consumer having anything to say
about it? Is there no better way, no more just and equit-
able way of connecting buyer and seller?

Let us see how our friends, the manufacturers, arrange
this matter. Some of them sell through a commission
house, which takes all their production and gets the best
price they can for it, for a commission and guaranty of
about six per cent. Others, the larger mills especially,
have their own selling" agents who are always on the look-
out for what the market wants, advising as to what shall
be made and ever quick and ready to take advantage of
any circumstance favorable to their mills.

A combination of capital makes this possible, a com-
bination of mills, or trust, makes it still more profitable.

Now, no one farm of the size we are used to can estab-
lish and supply a market house in the city and keep its
own selling agent on commission, or on a salary large
enough to obtain the services of a first-class man, but a
combination of farmers could, and thereby ensure the
ready sale of all they could raise at the least trouble and
expense to themselves, realizing better prices than they do
now and selling to the working men in the cities at far
less prices than they now pay. A strong cooperative
movement of this kind in our six cities would save thous-
ands of dollars to the honest buyers, beside giving them
fresher and better goods, and put other thousands into the
pockets of our intelligent hard-working farmers.

One of the most unbusinesslike and wasteful things is
our present system of "peddling milk." going all over a city
to deliver a little one-horse load that could all be disposed
of on one side of a very short street. It is a waste of

169

time and labor more than sufficient to reduce the price of
milk to the buyer half a cent a quart and give the farmer
who raises it another half cent. It is like one's carrying
his own mail or express packages. It also gives too much
opportunity for dishonesty, for among so many dealers
there is more room for rogues and cheats.

We shall look in vain for any reformation in this line
until the city people rise up in their might and demand
strictly pure milk delivered to and distributed from cen-
tral stations, subject to inspection, and condemnation with
penalty, as far back as the stables and the condition and
feed of the cows which produce it.

This is a matter of vital importance to the cities, the
lives of their children may depend upon it. It is of equal
moment to that of the purity of their water supply to
which they devote millions of money, while for the milk, a
poorly paid quack doctor with a political bias and a tin
dipper is considered all sufficient.

Milk is a necessity in every family, and if an average
price of four cents a quart will make milk raising a profit-
able business for the farmer, then five cents a quart should
be the average price to the consumer. With proper reg-
ulations, one cent a quart is all it ought to cost to carry
milk from the country barn to the city table. Under a
rigid system of inspection we should hear of no more
cases of deaths in the city being traced back to the use of
milk from diseased cows. Cleanliness about the stable,
greater care in handling the milk, and more intelligent
feeding would follow and the whole tone of the business
be raised, the demand enlarged and the profits increased.
Farmers living at a distance from cities would be emanci-
pated from the dominion of the contractor and be able to
sell all the milk they could make, without danger of loss
through a rebate on the surplus, for at the lower price,
when ihe children of every poor man could use it freely,
the demand would always keep ahead of the supply.

170

Another thing to improve our market is to prevent the
sale of adulterations and counterfeits. Filled cheese,
oleomargarine and compound lard may have their
place and use, but it certainly is not legitimate that they
should enter into competition with the pure articles they
basel}' represent.

An eminent statesman recently said he wished it was
possible to make adulteration of food a crime. The far-
mers of this county and every other county wish so too,
and some day the possibility will come and the law be
enacted.

It is on this broad ground of adulteration of food that
the battle should be fought, and not in the narrow line of
any one article. Put it all together and. go for a law large
enough to take it all in, with stringent enforcement and
heavy penalties. A law in which no single article is
picked out and gets the sympathy of the public as being
the under dog in the fight, but taking the whole univer-
sally recognized evil together, which all classes in city
and country, except those who are making money out of
it, will heartily co-operate to suppress.

An improved market, favorable to both seller and buy-
er, will be best promoted by co-operation to make the ex-
change between them as direct and inexpensive as possible;
make the bridge as nearly free as its proper maintenance
will allow.

Establish a system of strict supervision which shall pre-
vent cheating and being cheated by impure and unwhole-
some articles of food of every description.

Unite to make the adulteration of all food a crime and
to prevent those fine appearing combinations of cotton-
seed oil and tallow, which are indignantly refused into
every foreign market, from becoming firmly established in
our home market to the utter ruin of our daily interests-
Let our markets be governed by the law of supply and
demand without the intervention and dictation of middle-
men, contractors and speculators.

i7i

If such a movement could be inaugurated in this county
its influence would rapidly extend to other counties until
it became general throughout all the New England
states to the benefit of every working man. whose first care
is to provide good and wholesome food for his family on
the one hand, and on the other, give the farmer an ade-
quate reward for his labor, repopulate the deserted farms
and furnish a speedy and unfailing cure for the depression
of agriculture.

STATEMENT OF CHARLES J. PEABODY OF TOPSFIELD, OF

GREATEST PRODUCT OF MILK FROM OCT. 1, 1889

TO SEPT. 20, 1890, AWARDED FIRST PREMIUM.

Oct 1, 1889, I had eight cows of common and grade stock,
then in milk from three to seven months; in November I
sold one nearly dry, and replaced her with a new milch cow.
In Feb. I added one by purchase and a he i far I raised, come
in during that month. No other changes have been made;
eight of the cows have calved within the year, the other two
are due to calve next month, and have been dry three months
past. I have averaged eight cows in milk through the year.
They have produced twenty-one thousand four hundred and
sixty quarts of milk sold and used in the family, and an
estimated amount of four hundred quarts fed to calves. The
milk is sold at the door at an average price of three and
one fourth cents per quart the year through.

A total value of milk $666 66

A total value of manure, 90 00

Total income, 750 66

The cows are fed after the usual method among farm-
ers, with English, meadow and salt hay, corn stover, meal
and shorts.

172

The amount of hay is estimated at 18
tons at an average price of $12 per ton, $216 00

Two tons meal,

38 00

Two tons shorts,

35 00

Pasturing and green corn fodder,

75 00

Care of cows,

100 00

Bedding,

20 00

484 001

Net Profit, 266 66

Respectfully submitted,

Charles J. Peabody.

REPORT ON ESSAYS AND REPORTS.

The Committee on Essays, Farm Accounts, and Reports
of Committees, respectfully make their annual report upon
the subjects referred to them. The committee are author-
ized to award premiums, 1st, for "original essays on any
subject connected with agriculture, in a form worthy of
publication." 2nd, "for best statement of actual farm ac-
counts, drawn from the experience of the claimant, in a
form worthy of publication." 3rd, for "reports of commit-
tees upon subjects for which premiums are offered."

These instructions, it will be observed, allow the com-
mittee considerable latitude in determining what papers
are entitled to premiums, and yet are sufficiently indefinite
to cause doubts to arise in some cases as to what the com-
mittee is permitted to do under the rules.

In the matter of farm accounts, for instance, the lan-
guage used is so inexact, that farmers who wish to submit
forms of accounts may be uncertain, ' as well as the com-
mittee, as to what sort of account is desired. One account
was submitted to the committee this year, which was
doubtless supposed to come within the rule, but the com-

*73

mittee are unable, even with the most liberal construction,
to see that it is sufficiently exact in its data. As this is a,
subject of some importance, since a simple and intelligible
form of account would be useful to all careful farmers, the
committee may do well to state what elements seem to be
essential in such a statement.

A proper farm account should, we think, cover all the
operations of the farm for a definite period, say for one
year. The actual expenditures for a year should include
payments for everything required in each season, and em-
brace all receipts, of whatever nature, and this would afford
a fairer view of the actual business, than an accountfor any
less period could do. This account should include all
transactions affecting the result, stated in a specific man-
ner. It is not necessary to exhibit a full detail of receipts
and expenditures, but there should be such a classification
of items, as will enable the reader to see, without doubt,
just what has been done. Such an account would, of course,
be made up from the daily entries of sales and purchases,
or from such other sources as may be available and relia-
ble. When the committee see an account of this charac-
ter, they will be pleased to award it a premium.

The committee desire to call especial attention to the re-
port of tbe Committee on Forest Trees, and the papers ac-
companying it, by Mr. Francis H. Appleton and Mr. John
Robinson. These excellent documents contain a great deal of
valuable information upon the subject and show how tree-cul-
ture can be made profitable and successful in Essex County.
The experiments which have been made upon Mr. xV.ppleton's
farm near Suntaug lake, and upon Mrs. Phillips's estate,
near Wenham lake, both of which are fully and
carefully described, are very interesting, and worthy of
study. There are hundreds of acres of gravelly soil in this
county such as Mrs. Phillips used in her experiment, and
here we see how such waste lands may be improved and in-
creased in value. If the desert can be made to blossom

174
like the rose, or whether or no, it is clear that the rubbly
hillsides of Essex County, may he clothed with foliage, so
that they shall stand dressed in living green, and be a
source of beauty and profit forever. It is sometimes ques-
tioned whether tree-culture is rcnlly a matter of farming,
but we think that no one can read these documents and fail
to see that the two subjects are closely allied. The com-
mittee have awarded ten dollars for the Report on Forest
Trees, by Mr. Francis H. Appleton.

For the report of the Committee on Harrows, the com-
mittee have awarded eight dollars to Mr. J. J. H. Gregory.
This paper contains an instructive account of Mr. Greg-
ory's experience with harrows, which will be suggestive to
others, and is carefully prepared, as Mr. Gregory's re-
ports always are.

For the report of the Committee on Apples, the commit-
tee award six dollars to Mr. J. W. Goodell.

Two essays were submitted to the committee. They
awarded ten dollars to Mr. George A. Rogers, of North
Andover, for his essay upon "The Care and Feeding of Stock
for Dairy Purposes." This important subject is treated by
Mr. Rogers quite fully and in a very plain and readable
manner. The subject is trite, and yet it is constantly
new to the rising generations. Mr. Rogers pleads for light
and warmth for dairy cows, and that they be protected from
physical violence, and these points cannot be too strongly
insisted upon.

To Mr. Charles H. Mann of Methuen, the committee
award the premium of eight dollars for his essay on
"Our Home Market." The subject is an important one to
farmers. How to bring the producer nearer to the consu-
mer, is one of the great studies of political economy. Mr.
Mann urges some sort of cooperative system, which shall se-
cure the largest returns for farm produce at the least cost
of placing it in the market. No one can doubt that the
general result which the essayist urges, is desirable, so

175
much so that it is expedient to keep it constantly before
the public, but more definite plans than Mr. Mann suggests
will be requisite to bring this about. The committee
maie no award of the first premium.

For the Committee,

Gilbert L. Streetek, Chairman.

Committee — G. L. Streeter, Salem; N. M. Hawkes,
Lynn ; D. E. S afford, Hamilton ; N. A. Horton, Salem ;
Geo. B. Blodgette, Rowley ; D. W. Low, Gloucester.

IN MEMORIAM.

In obtaining the names of members of the society de-
ceased, a list of members was sent to the trustee of each
town and city for revision, requesting date of death and
age of each member deceased, with brief notice of each, in
print or writing, from which, and from others, the following
has been compiled by your committee :

Caleb Childs of Marblehead, died Jan. 5, 1890, aged
67 years. Mr. Childs lived nearly all his life on a farm
inherited from his father, near the boundary line of
Swampscott. He was a good farmer and a worthy citizen,
being constantly sought for his judgment and counsel,
which he willingly gave; naturally of a retiring disposition,
and being an invalid for nearly five years, he became al-
most a recluse in society, but will long be remembered by
those who know him best, for his strict adherence to the
right and ever kind and thoughtful disposition.

Philander Hold ex of Swampscott, died in April,
1890, aged 78 years. He was a man very much respected;
although he was a member of the society, he never took any
special interest in agriculture.

176

Luther Noyes of Newbury, died Dec. 30, 1889, aged
80 years. He was a member of this society 30 years, and
lived all his life on the farm, inherited from his father, in
the centre of the town. He was a good citizen and very
benevolent to the sick and needy. He was noted as raising
the best strains of cows for milk and they were sold in all
parts of the county.

Arthur C. Buxton of Peabody, died March 21, 1890,
aged 3 years, the youngest member of the society.

Hon. Edwin Mudge, a son of Simon, died at his home
at Danvers Centre, on Sept. 30, 1890, aged 72 years, one of
Danvers' most respected citizens. He was until the forma-
tion of the E. & A. Mudge Company, the senior partner of
the firm of E. & A. Mudge & Co., commencing the
manufacture of shoes at the early age of 19 years. He had
many offices of trust, among which were the offices
of Selectman, State Representative and Senator. He con-
tributed all of his salary received by him from the state, to
the erection of the soldiers' monument, being much the
largest single contribution. Very public spirited, though of
a retiring disposition, he was loved and respected by all.
He had travelled extensively, one of his last being a tour
around the world with his daughter. He left a widow and
one daughter. He was not a agriculturist, but deeply in-
terested in the welfare of this society.

Benjamin F. Porter died January 11, 1890, aged 52
years, 8 mos., leaving a widow, a sou and daughter. His
widow, a daughter of the late Hon. Robert Daniels of Pea-
body, died on the 9th of the following month of February,
both of La Grippe. He was a son ot' Capt. Benjamin
Porter and occupied the Nathan Reed mansion house and
farm on Waters river, near the Iron Works, at Danvers-
port.

Edwin F. Putman died August 18, 1890, aged 80 years,.
1 month. He was in early life a shoe manufacturer. He

177
was always interested in horticulture and contributed
to many of our exhibitions ; lias held many of the town
offices. He was a son of the late Capt. Eben Putman.

Henry Hale died in Salem, July, 8 1890. He was
born in Salem Feb. 18, 1808, and his age was therefore 82
years, 4 mos.. 20 days. He had been in active business
on Essex street as a hardware dealer for more than 62
years and was well known to the farmers in the vicinity of
Salem, having dealt largely in agricultural implements and
seeds. He was a man of thoroughly honest character
and always warmly interested in the public affairs,
and in every class of idea^ and issues that were potent in
shaping of a public policy, though neither a politician nor
an office seeker.

Daniel Potter died in Salem, August 15, 1890. He
was born in Ipswich, Mass , March 24, 1800. His age was
90 years, 4 mos., 22 davs. He was a good specimen of an
old plain intelligent responsible citizen. He learned the
blacksmiths' trade and for many years conducted that bus-
iness in the West Yard in Salem, at one time in company
with Benjamin Cutts. On the 10th of March, 1824, he was
married to Miss Dolly N. Ferguson, who survives him. He
was appointed deputy sheriff in 1852 and served for more
than thirty years, until compelled by advancing age to
retire. A man of cheerful temper, with a strong pervading
sense of humor and was good company on all occasions.

Henry Gardner died in Salem, Jan. 20, 1890, at the
age of eighty years. He was bred and continued through life
a merchant, conducting his business in Boston, while resid-
ing in Salem. An honored and trusted citizen, but avoided
all public offices, confining himself to the faithful perfor-
mance of his duties as a private citizen. He was a vice-
president of the Salem Savings Bank.

Charles A. Bores died quite suddenly at his home in
Salem, March 19, 1890. He was born in Salem, March 14,

1 78

1818. His age was 72 years, 5 days. He with his
brothers were years ago associated in business together in
New York and Salem, engaged in Buenos Ayres trade, im-
porting and exporting and dealing largely in hides. They
also started in the grain business and for many years ran
packets with freight between Salem and New York. It
was during or soon after the Civil War, Mr. Ropes en-
gaged in business on his own account. Of late years he
had carried on the flour and grain business, at one time
alone and later in company with his son, Mr. Willis H.'
Ropes. Besides this business, he was also interested in
tanning and currying leather in company with Col. Jos. A.
Dalton, but discontinued within a year or two. He served
in the common council in 1859 and was a member of the
school committee for ten or twelve years, beginning with
1802. Mr. Ropes was a man of integrity of character and
of great industry, always interested in the business welfare
of Salem, an active and devoted member of the first Board
of Trade. Of very charitable disposition, never withholding
his subscription to any deserving object to which his atten-
tion was called.

Mr. James Chamberlain died in Salem, June 14,
18y0, at the age of 87 years, 27 days. He was born in Sa-
lem, May 18, 1803. For. many years he had been in the
grocery business, doing a very large and successful
business. He was a quiet and unobtrusive man and
not ambitious of personal distinction. Nevertheless he
was elected captain of the Salem Mechanic Light Infantry
in 1824, succeeding the late Capt. Jeremiah S. Perkins.
In 1836, 7 and 8, he was a member of the General Court.
He was chosen a director in the Holyoke Ins. Co., Dec. 5,
1856, and of the Salem Bank, Oct. 18, 1858, both of which
positions he held to the time of his death. A man of the
strictest integrity, uniformly even tempered and a good citi-
zen in every relation and walk of life.

179
Ebex Sutton was born in the town of Poabody, then
called South Danvers, on the 31st day of December, 1835,
and died in North Andover on the fourth day of January,
1890, after a short illness of six days. His death was
caused by pneumonia, following an attack of "La Grippe. ,r
When at the age of twenty, he began his business life in a
wool merchant's store in Boston. After two years in the
wool business, he went to New York to learn the dry goods
commission business. In 1863, he became a partner in t'.ie
firm, Farnham, Sutton & Co., and in 1804, he became the
senior member of the firm Sutton, Smith <Sc Co., dry goods
commission merchants. Alter the death of his uncle
Eben Sutton, in 1865, he came to North Andover to take
charge of the buttons Mills, in the manufacturing of flan-
nels. In 1807, he with several other gentlemen, started
the corporation of the North Andover Mills, after purchas-
ing the property from Mr. Hodges. He was always very
fond of military life, which he began when only sixteen
years old as a member of the Salem Cadets. After pass-
ing through the various stages of promotion, he was elected
Brigadier General of the 2nd Brigade, M. V. M., in 1876,
which position he held for live years, when he resigned and
returned to private life. He left a widow, two sons and a
daughter.

JACOB Farnham of North Andover, died Jan. 15, 1890,
aged 80 years and 8 months. Mr. Farnham was a life lono-
member of the society, having joined at its first annual ex-
hibition. He will bo remembered by the older members of
the society, as a large exhibitor of stock at our annual
fail's, especially of working oxen and young stock and was
awarded a larger amount in premiums, than almost any
other member, exhibiting at that time. During the last years
of lu's life, he was unable to compete for the premiums,
but his interest in the society continued to the end. He
was always present at the ploughing match, taking the
same interest in the competition, as he did when he him-
self was a participant.

i8o

Luther Allen of Manchester, died March 30, 1890,
aged 81 years. He was a cabinet maker by occupation ; as
a citizen of the town, lias always been held in high esteem,
having held the office of selectman and been a member of
the general court.

J. AdaMs Illsley of Georgetown, died Jan. 14, 1890,
aged 61 years. He was a man of strong physical powers,
a blacksmith by trade but for some years had been engaged
in farming and teaming, had taken premiums with draft
horses, acted on committees and was interested in what re-
lated to the society ; a good citizen, his death was a great
loss to the community.

Samuel G. Bean of Andover, died July 27, 1890, aged
72 years. Mr. Bean was long and favorably known as an
old hotel and stable keeper, had long been a member of the
society and formerly contributed to its exhibitions.

Jacob P. Goodale of Peabody, died March 12, 1890,
aged 69 years, 9 mos. Mr. Goodale was a thorough far-
mer, long a member of this society, in which he took a
great interest, a man of very strong characteristics and
will, industrious to a fault, very hospitable and generous;
although an invalid for more than ten years, his constitu-
tion which was very strong, finally gave away, but he was al-
ways ready with a smile and a joke to receive his friends.

William C. Waters formerly of Beverly, but latterly
of Lowell, to which place he removed, was a very good
farmer, a very nice and pleasant man and a good neighbor.

Jackson B. Swett of Haverhill, died Oct. 3, 1890, aged
75 years. Mr. Swett was a native of Haverhill, and lived
there all his life. He was a prominent man and always in-
terested in anything pertaining to Essex county, being one
of the county commissioners for twelve years; for over
fifty years, he was a prominent business man, being a shoe
manufacturer. In social life, he was a most genial man,
benevolent and kind to the suffering and needy.

iSi

Eustace M. Kimball of Bradford, died Oct. 14, 1889,
aged 65 years, 8 mos. He was born a farmer as well as
his father before him and carried on a large farm.

Abram Merrill of Salisbury, died June 30, 1890, aged
30 years. He was accidently killed while getting a mow-
ing machine from his barn loft. He was a very exemplary
young man.

David Smith of Newburyport, died Sept. 12, 1890,
aged 73 years. Mr. Smith was a manufacturer of brick
and farmer combined. He always took a prominent part
at all the meetings of the society, especially the institutes,
where he was ready to discuss any question.

Moses P. Atwood of Groveland, died March 26, 1890,
aged 75 years. Mr. Atwood was not a farmer, but was a
member of this society many years, although not active
in its affairs, but always pleased to receive its transactions.

Mr. John Pearl of Boxford, died June 7, 1890, aged
67 years, 11 mos. He had been a member of this society
for many years. Mr. Pearl had been a life long farmer, of
great worth to his family, as well as the whole community.
It can be truly said of him, '"An honest man is the noblest
work of God." A more willing or ready man in sickness
and want never lived. As an agriculturist and townsman,
his place will be hard to fill. A man who never put his
hand to the plough and looked back, but with a kind heart,
a true soul, combined with hard toil and frugality he fur-
rowed on to the end.

Paul T. Winkley of Newburyport, died April 19, 1890,
aged 80 years. Mr. Winkley had been a member of this
society for many years and was formerly one of {he Vice
Presidents. He always took an active interest in its ex-
hibitions and everything that pertained to its welfare.

CONSTITUTION

OP THE

ESSEX AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY-

Article 1. There shall be a President, four Vice
Presidents, a Secretary, and a Treasurer, who shall be
Trustees, ex-officio. The President, Vice Presidents and
Secretary shall be elected at the annual meeting by ballot
and the Treasurer by the Trustees, annually, at their meet-
ing in November. In addition to these, one Trustee shall
be elected annually for each town in the County, and the
Trustee for each town shall be elected by members of the
Society in said town, at a meeting called for that purpose,*
in accordance with notice issued by the Secretary, and
shall continue in office until another is elected in his stead;
and such election shall be final, and shall constitute the
Trustee so elected a member of the Board of Trustees^of
the Society ; and the result of the election in each town
shall be communicated as early as possible to the Secretary.

Art. 2. There shall be an Annual Meeting of the So-
ciety, at such times as the Trustees shall determine ; at
which all officers shall be elected. Twenty members at
least shall be necessary to constitute a quorum for the
transaction of business.

Art. 3. If at any meeting of the Society, or the Trus-
tees, the President and Vice Presidents shall be absent,
the menabers present may appoint one from among them to
preside at such meeting.

Art. 4. The President, or, in case of his absence, either

*lliefp meetings nre I eld i lie last Tuesday of October, and the Tiustees
elected commence their duties at the November meetiug of Trustees.

i«3

of the Vice Presidents, with the advice of the Trustees,
may call a special meeting of the Society ; or whenever a
written application, with the reason assigned therefore,
shall be made by any twelve members of the Society, to the
Presidents and Trustees, they shall call such meeting.

Art. 5. The meetings of the Trustees shall be held at
such time and place as they shall from time to time agree
upon ; seven of whom with the presiding officer shall make
a quorum.

Art. 6. The Trustees shall regulate all the concerns of
the Society, during the intervals of its meetings ; propose
such objects of improvement to the attention of the public,
publish such communications, and offer premiums in such
form and value as they think proper (provided the pre-
miums offered do not exceed the funds of the Society) ;
and shall lay before the Society, at each of its meetings, a
statement of their proceedings and of the communications
made to them.

Art. 7. The Secretary shall take minutes of all the
votes and proceedings of the Society and of the Trustees,
and enter them in separate books ; and shall record all
such communications as the Trustees shall direct. He
shall write and answer all letters relating to the business of
the Society.

Art. 8. The Treasurer shall receive all monies due or
payable to the Society, and all donations that may be
made to it, for which he shall give duplicate receipts, one
of which shall be lodged with the Secretary, who shall
make a fair record thereof. The Treasurer shall from time
to time pay out such monies as he shall have orders for
from the Trustees ; and shall annually, and whenever
thereto required, render a fair account of all his receipts
and payments to the Society or a committee thereof. He
shall give bonds for the faithful discharge of his duty, in
such sum as the Trustees shall direct, and with such sure-
ties.

1 84

Akt. 9. A committee shall be appointed annually by
the Trustees, to audit the Treasurer's accounts, who shall
report to the Society; and the same being accepted, shall
be entered by the Secretary in his books.

Art. 10. In case of death,4resignation, incapacity, or
removal out of the County, of the Secretary or of the Treas-
urer, the Trustees shall take charge of the official books,
papers, and other effects, belonging to the office that may
be vacated, and give receipts for the same ; which books,
papers, etc., they may deliver to some person whom they
may appoint to fill the office until the next meeting of the
Society, at which time there shall be a new choice.

Art. 11. *Any citizen of the County may become a
member of the Society, by paying the sum of three dol-
lars to increase the permanent fund of the institution.

Art. 12. A committee shall be raised from time to
time, to solicit and receive subscriptions for raising a fund
for encouraging the noblest of pursuits, the Agriculture of
our country ; the same to be sacredly appropriated to that
purpose.

Art. 13. All ordained ministers of the Gospel who re-
side within the County, shall be admitted honorary mem-
bers of the Society.

Art. 14. In addition to the usual number of Trustees
annually elected, the past Presidents of the Society shall be
honorary members of the Board of Trustees.

Art. 15. The foregoing constitution may be amended
by a proposition of the amendment in writing by a member
at a regular meeting ; the same to lie over for the action
at the next annual meeting of the Society.

♦Members will receive from the Secretary a "certificate of membership." No
tines or assessments are ever imposed. Members are entitled to vote in all its
transactions, wilh free use of the Library and a copy of the printed "Transac.
tions" each year.

A premium of six dollars is now offered to the resident of the County ob-
taining the largest number of new members during the year ending Mov. 1.

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List of Premiums Awarded in 1890-

FAT CATTLE.

J. P. Little, Arnesbury, for oxen, first premium, $8 00

John H. Dodge, Wenhani, second premium, 6 00

BULLS.

Peter E. Clark, Beverly, Jersey, first premium, 8 00

A. P. Gardner, Hamilton, Jersey, second premium, 6 00

J. O.Edwards, Beverly, for Jersey under 2 years old,

first premium, 4 00

Wm. A. Russell, No. Andover, for Holstein, first pre-
mium, 8 00
milch cows.
John S. Ives, Salem, for Grade Ayrshire, first premium, 10 00
Wm. A. Russell, No. Andover, for best milch cow, of

any age or breed, Holstein, first premium, 15 00

Wm. A. Russell, No. Andover, for best Holstein cow, 4

years old and over, first premium, 10 00

Wm. A. Russell, No. Andover, for best cow, either
native or foreign, not less than four nor more
than ten years old, first premium, 10 00

James H. Flynn, Salem, for Grade Jersey, second pre-
mium, 4 00

HERDS OF MILCH COWS.

William A. Russell, No. Andover, for Holsteius, first

premium, 18 00

HEIFERS FIRST CLASS.

Wm. A. Russell, No. Andover, for Holstein heifer, in

milk, first premium, 9 00

James C. Poor, No. Andover, for Holstein yearling,

first premium, 5 00

James C. Poor, No. Andover, for Holstein heifer calf,

first premium, 5 00

James C. Poor, No. Andover, for Holstein heifer, under

4 years, second premium, 6 00

iS7

James C. Poor, No. Andover, for Holsteiu yearling,

second "premium, 4 00

Lyman Holmaa, Salem,^for Holstein, 2 years old, second

premium, 4 00

A. P. Gardner, Hamilton, for j Jersey, 2 years old, first

premium, 5 00

A. P. Gardner, Hamilton, for Jersey, second premium, 4 00
Mrs. W. D. Pickman, Beverly, for Guernsey heifer calf,

first premium, 5 00

Mrs. W. D. Pickman, Beverly, for Guernsey heifer in

milk, second premium, 6 00

HEIFERS — SECOND CLASS.

City Farm, Salem, for heifer in milk, first premium, 9 00

James C. Poor, No. Andover, for heifer in milk, second

premium, 6 00

Wm. A, Foster, Beverly, for 2 year^ old heifer, first

premium, ^ 5 00

John S. Ives, Salem, for yearling heifer, first premium, 5 00
John S. Ives, Salem, for heifer calf, first premium, 5 00

Aug. P. Prince, Beverly, for 2 years old heifer, second

premium, 4 00

I. 0. Edwards, Beverly, for 2 years old heifer, second

premium 4 00

I. O. Edwards, Beverly, for yearling heifer, second pre-
mium, 4 00

WORKING OXEX AND STEERS.

S. W. Weston, Middleton, for oxen, first premium, 12 00

R. F. Dodge, Wenham, for oxen, second premium, 10 00

Wm. P. Christopher, Middleton, for oxen, third premium, 8 00

STEERS.

Wm. P. Christopher, Middleton, for steers, first pre-
mium, 5 00
Herbert W. Patch, Hamilton, for steers, second premium, 4 00

TOWN TEAMS.

Beverly town team, oxen, . 20 00

STALLIONS — FIRST CLASS.

John Parkhurst, Boxford, for stallion, 6 years old, third

premium, 4 00

1 88

STALLIONS SECOND CLASS.

H. H. Derasey, Wenhain, for stallion, "Harry Dictator."

4 years old, first premium, 10 00

A. B. Forbes, Byfield, for stallion "Callista." 4 years

old, second premium, 6 00

A. B. Forbes, Byfield, for stallion, "Lombardy," 6 years

old, third premium, 4 00

L. H. Jones, Middleton, for stallion, 3 years old, first

premium, 8 00

C. A. Lunt, Newbury, for stallion, 3 years old, second

premium, 4 00

BROOD MARES FIRST CLASS.

Richard T. Jaques, Newbury, for bay mare, first pre-
mium, 10 00

BROOD MARES SECOND CLASS.

Edw.ard Bates, Lynn, for sorrel mare, first premium, 10 00
Wm, H. Joint, Lynn, for mare, second premium, 6 00
Willis E. Churchill, Newbury, for gray mare, third pre-
mium, 4 0 0

FAMILY HORSES.

D. J. Harrigan, Dan vers, for family mare, first pre-

mium, 10 00

C. Moynihan, Newbury, for family horse, second pre-
mium, 6 00
S. F. Newman, Newbury, for bay mare, third premium, 4 00

gents' driving horses.
George Brewer, Beverly, for horse Harry, first premium, 10 00
Wm. P. Bailey, West Peabody, for horse Dick, second

premium, 6 00

Wm. P. Bailey, West Newbury, for horse Tom, third

premium, 4 00

FARM HORSES.

John H. Perkins, Lynnfjeld, horse over 1200 lbs., first

premium, 10 00

H. C. Strout, Peabody, for bay mare over 1200 lbs.,

second premium, 6 00

Hugh Hill, Beverly, for horse less than 1200 lbs., first

premium, 10 00

1 8g

W. J. Currier, Danvers, for horse less than 1200 lbs.,

second premium, 6 00

F. W. Lyford, Danvers, for horse less than 1200 lbs.,

third premium, 4 00

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES FIRST CLASS.

A. P. Gardner/ Hamilton, first premium, 10 00

Wm, Tucker, Andover, second premium, 8 00

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES SECOND CLASS.

Moses H. Poor, West Newbury, for pair horses, first

premium, 10 00

Fred A. Dodge, Beverly, for pair horses, second pre-
mium, 8 00

COLTS FOR DRAFT PURPOSES.

S. F. Newman, Newbury, for 2 years old colt,, first pre-
mium, 8 00

Calvin Putman, I'pswich, for colt 15 months old, first

premium, 5 00

R. Jaques, Jr., Newbury, for colt 2 yrs. 5 mos.'old,

second premium, 5 00

S. F. Newman, Newbury, for colt 14 mos. old, second

premium, 3 00

J. P. Kinnear, Ipswich, for colt 2 years old, third pre-
mium, 3 00

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES FIRST CLASS.

A. B. Forbes, Byfield, Newbury, for colt 4 years old,

first premium, 8 00

Ware & Rose, Marblehead, for colt 4 years old, second

premium, 5 00

Edwin Bates, Lynn, for colt 3 years old, first premium, 6 00

■C. Moynihan, Newbury, for colt 3 years old, second

premium, 3 00

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES SECOND CLASS.

W. F. Kinsman, Ipswich, for colt 2 years old, first pre-
mium, 8 00

■C. Moynihan, Newbury, for colt 2 years old, second pre-
mium, . 5 00

190

James Manning, Topsfield, for colt 2 years old, third

premium, 3 00

M. H. Connor, West Newbury, for colt 1 year old, first

premium, 5 00

W. H. & L. P. Tufts, Middleton, for colt 16 mos. old,

second premium, 3 00

SWINE FIRST CLASS.

Harvey C. Strout, Peabody, for Jersey red sow and pigs,

first premium, 8 00

Harvey C. Strout, Peabody, for Cheshire sow and pigs,

first premium, 8 00

Harvey C. Strout, Peabody, for Chester white boar,

first premium, 8 00

Harvey C. Strout, Peabody, for Chester white boar,

second premium, 5 00

Harvey C. Strout, Peabody, for Poland China sow and

pigs, first premium, 8 00

Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for Chester white sow and

pigs, first premium, 8 00

Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for Yorkshire weaned pigs,

first premium, 8 00

Wm. A. Fisher, Jr., Peabody, for Chester white sow

and pigs, first premium, 8 00

SWINE SECOND CLASS.

Harvey C. Strout, Peabody, for sow and 7 pigs, first

premium, 8 00

Harvey C. Strout, Peabody, for boar, first premium, 8 00

Harvey C. Strout, Peabody, for litter of weaned pigs,

first premium, 8 00

Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for sow and 8 pigs, second

premium, 5 00

Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for boar, second premium, 5 00

SHEEP.

C. S. Emerton, Peabody, for flock 10 sheep, first pre-
mium, 10 00
C. S. Emerton, Peabody, for buck, first premium, 8 00

PLOUGHING WITH DOUBLE TEAM.

Lyman S. Wilkins, Middletou, first premium, 10 00

10 00

8 00

10 00

7 00

5 00

10 00

8 00

10 00

•

15 00

10 00

191

PLOUGHING WITH SINGLE TEAM.

Wm P. Christopher, Middleton, first premium,
Peter E. Clark, Beverly, second premium,

PLOUGHING WITH HORSES.

Moses H. Poor, West Newbury, first premium,
A. P. Gardner, Hamilton, second premium,
William Bent, West Newbury, third premium,

PLOUGHING WITH SWIVEL PLOUGH.

S. W. Weston, Middleton, first premium,
Pv. F. Dodge, Wenham, second premium,
Fred A. Dodge, Beverly, horses, first premium,

SULKY PLOUGHING.

C. H. Abbott, Wenham, first premium,

PLOUGHING WITH THREE HORSES.

M. H. Connor, West Newbury, first premium,

IMPROVING WASTE LAND.

John H. George, Methuen, first premium,
Albert Titcorab, Kowley, second premium,

GRAIN CROPS.

Charles W. Nelson, Georgetown, crop of corn, first pre-
mium, 10 00

Maurice H. Connor, West Newbury, crop of rye, first

premium, 10 00

Oscar Gowen, West Newbury, crop of wheat, first pre-
mium, 10 00

Wm. Little, Newbury, crop of rye, second premium, 5 00

ROOT CROPS.

Charles C. Blunt, Andover, crop of parsnips, first pre-
mium, 10 00

John H. George, Methuen, crop of potatoes, first pre-
mium, 10 00

Daniel Carlton, North Andover, cabbage crop, first pre-
mium, 10 00

David Warren, Swampscott, cabbage crop, second pre-
mium, 5 00

SMALL FRUITS.

J. W. Barton, Danvers, strawberry crop, first pre-
mium, 10 00

192

NEW MEMBERS.

Daniel D. Adams, Newbury, for most new members,

premium, 6 00

ESSAYS AND REPOKTS.

Francis H. Appleton, Peabody, report of committee on

forest trees, 10 00

J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead, report of committee on

harrows, 8 00

J. W. Goodell, Lynn, report of committee on

apples, 6 00

George A. Rogers, North. Andover, essay, 10 00

Charles H. Mann, Methuen, essay, 8 00

OTHER AWARDS.

Awarded by Committee on Poultry, 113 00

" " " Harrows, 18 00

( ■' " Agricultural Implements, 32 00

< " " Carriages, 30 00

' " " Dairy, 18 00

' " " Bread, Canned Fruit, etc., 19 50

" " Pears, 77 50

1 " " Apples, 70 50

'' " " Peaches, Grapes, etc., 55 00

1 " " Plants and Flowers, 73 00

' " " Vegetables, 180 50

1 " " Forest Trees, 20 00

' " " Grain and Seed, 29 00

1 " " Counterpanes and Afghans, 23 00

' " " Carpets and Rugs, 33 00

c " " Manufact's from Leather, 27 00

1 " " Fancy Work, 48 75

1 " " Art Work, 49 00

" '• Children's Work, 15 00

" « Manuf. and Gen'l Mdse. 20 00

RECAPITULATION.

FARMS.

Awarded for

Improving Waste Land,

$25 00

Ploughing,

98 00

•ffil0^ Oft

(jpiii/u \J\f

FARM STOCK.

Awarde

d for

Fat Cattle,

14 00

Bulls,

26 00

Milch Cows,

67 00

Heifers,

80 00

Heifer Calves,

15 00

Working Oxen and Steers,

30 00

Steers,

9 00

Town Teams,

20 00

Horses,

24S 00

Swine,

95 00

Sheep,

18 00

Poultry,

113 00

Bees, Hives and Honey,

15 00

$750 00

FIELD AND EXPERIMENTAL CROPS.

Awarded for Grain Crops, 35 00

" " Root Crops, 35 00

" " Fruit Crop, 10 00

FARM AND GARDEN PRODUCTS.

Awarded for Grain and Seed,

29 00

" " Vegetables,

ISO 50

" " Fruits,

201 00

" " Plants and Flowers,

73 00

DAIRY PRODUCT.

•

Awarded for Butter,

18 00

$80 00

$483 50

$18 00

i94

DOMESTIC MANUFACTURES.

Awarded for Bread, Canned Fruits, etc., 19 50

" " Counterpanes and Afghans, 23 00

" " Carpetings and Eugs, 33 00

" " Articles Manuf. from Leather, 27 00
" " Manufactures and General Mdse., 20 00

" " Fancy Work, 48 75

" " Work of Art, 49 00

" Children's Work, 15 00

MISCELLANEOUS.

warded for

Agricultural Implements,

50 00

u tt

Carriages,

30 00

tt a

Forest Trees,

20 00

a (t

New Members,

6 00

U tt

Essays, Reports, etc.,

42 00

$235 25

$148 00

The amount of $ 1852.75 was awarded to 417 different in-
dividuals and firms in 33 different cities and towns in the
•county as follows, viz :
Amesbury, $47.50 to 6 persons. Methuen, $33.00 to 1 person.

Andover,

25.00 "

Manchester, 4.00 " 2

Boxford,

21.50 <

1 3

Middleton, 78,00 "11

Beverly,

423.75 «

162

Newbury port, .50 " 1

Bradford,

1.50 "

Newbury, 120.00 "11

Danvers,

130.00 *

: 27

No. And'r, 125.50 " 7

Essex,

.50"

Peabody, 228.75 « 45

•Georgetown, 10.00 "

Rockport, 4.00 " 2

Groveland,

2.00 "

Rowley, 18.50 " 4

Gloucester,

1.75 "

Salem, 134.25 " 47

Haverhill,

6.00 "

Salisbury, 3 00 " 1

Hamilton,

44.00 "

Saugus, 8.50 " 2

Ipswich,

19.50 "

Swampscott, 25.50 " 3

Lawrence,

3.50 "

Topsfield, 19.00 " 4

Lynn, 101.50 "

Wenham, 69.50 « 13

Lynnfield,

10.00 "

W. Newb'y, 89.00 " 9

Marbleh'd

41.75 "

196

FINANCIAL STATEMENT. FAIR AT BEVERLY, 1890.

Beceipts for Admission to Hall, $1330 74

" « " Dinner, 171 00

" " Grounds, Caterers, Swings etc., 235 50

" " Donation, 25 00

1762 24

Expenses, including tent hire and dinner, 1067 12

Amount paid Treasurer, $695 12

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY.

PRESIDENT.

BENJAMIN P. WARE, of Marblehead.

VICE PRESIDENTS.

JAMES J. H. GREGORY, of Marblehead.
GEORGE B. LORING, of Salem.
JAMES P. KING, of Peabody.
OLIVER S. BUTLER, of Georgetown.

SECRETARY.

JOHN M. DANFORTH of Lynnfield.

TREASURER.

GILBERT L. STREETER, of Salem.

HONORARY TRUSTEE.

JOSEPH HOW, of Methuen.

DELEGATE TO THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE.

BENJAMIN P. WARE, of Marblehead.

TRUSTEES.

Charles C. Blunt, Andover. Wm. H. Allen, Manchester.
J. Henry Hill, Amesbury. Geo. W. Sargent, Merrimac.
Andrew Dodge, Beverly. Geo. B. Bradley, Methuen.
J. W. Chadwick, Boxford. Solomon Weston, Middleton.

197

S. W. Hopkinson, Bradford. Daniel D. Adams, Newbury.
Andrew Nichols, Danvers. John W. Allen, Newburyp't.
Elias Andrews, Essex. Albert Berry, No. Andover.

Sherman Nelson, Georget'wn.F. H. Appleton, Peabody.
A. F. Harvey, Gloucester. Story D. Pool, Rockport.
Abel Stickney, Groveland. Geo. B. Blodgette, Rowley.
Alvin Smith, Hamilton. Henry A. Hale, Salem.

E. A. Emerson, Haverhill. Wm. H. Greenleaf, Salisbury.
Walter F. Gould, Ipswich. Samuel Hawkes, Saugus.
H. G. Herrick, Lawrence. David Warren, Swampsoott.
Asa T. Newhall, Lynn. J. Arthur Lamson, Topsfield.

John H. Perkins, Lynnfleld.N. P. Perkins, Wenham.
Amos P. Alley, Marblehead.Wm. P. Bailey, W. Newbury.

NEW MEMBERS— 1890.

William Tucker, Andover. G. M. T. Piper, Danvers.
Issacher Foster Jr., Beverly. D. Harrigan, Danvers.
Alden Webb, Beverly. J. C. Vickary, Lynn.

E. C. Sawyer, Beverly. L. H. Jones, Middleton.

George Brewer, Beverly. John C. Rolf, Newbury.
David Weir, Beverly. George G. Adams, Newbury.

Charles M. Hilton, Bradford. Charles E. Adams, Newbury.
William H. Wood, Boxford. John W. Perkins, Newbury.
W. I. Chadwick, Boxford. M. H. Connor, W. Newbury.
Henry Newhall, Danvers.

Members of Essex Agricultural Society.

DECEMBER, 1890.

Previous printed list was in 1888, corrected in 1889 and
in 1890 Reports. If any errors are discovered in the follow-
ing list, please report them to the Secretary. Trustees are
requested to report death of members as soon as they occur,
with printed notice, when convenient.

Bailey, 0. S.
Burbank, C. U.
Cammet, Samuel
Chesley, M. B.
Chesley, John F.
Currier, W. H. B.
Davis, B. Lewis
Feltch, Elbridge S.

AMESBURY— 23.

Gale, Edmund Lane, T. W.

Gale, Foster Morrill, Geo. T.

Goodwin, E. A. Morse Daniel L.

Hill, Albert C. Sawyer, Aaron

Hill, J. Henry Tibbets, William B.
Hollander, Lambert, True, Eben

Huntington, B. F. Vining, William F,
Little, J. P.

Abbott, James J.
Abbott, Nathan F.
Abbott, Moses B.
Abbott, Hartwell B
Abbott, John B.
Andrews, M. C.
Barnard, Edwin H.
Bailey, Moses A.
Bailey, Samuel H.
Blunt, Charles C.
Bodwell, H. A.
Buchan, George
Buchan, George W.
Butter field, J. P.
Carter, Charles L.
Carruth, Isaac

ANDOVER— 47.

Chandler, Joshua H
Cheever, James 0.
Cummings, C. 0.
Flint, John H.
Foster, George W.
Foster, Moses
Foster, George C.
Gutterson, C. G.
Harriman, Thos. P.
Hay ward, Henry A.
Hidden, David I. C.
Holt, E. F.
Holt, Joseph S.
Holt, Ballard
Jenkins, John B.
Jenkins, E. Kendall

.Johnson, Francis H,
Johnson, S. K.
Mason, George F.
Morton, Marcus
Noyes, Henry P.
Rea, Jasper
Reynolds, James H.
Ripley, George
Smith, James B.
Smith, John L.
Smith, Peter D.
Smith, Benjamin F.
Thayer, Samuel
Tucker, William
Upton, Edward C.

199

Andrews, Joseph F.
Appleton, Nathan D
Appleton, Isaac
Avery, Mark B.
Baker, John I.
Bennett, Robert G.
Burnhain, 0. B.
Brewer, George
Carter, John W.
Caldwell, Charles E,
Clark, George
Clark, Arthur E.
Clark, Aug. N.
Clark, Peter E.
Connelly, Stephen
Danforth, E. F.
Dodge, Andrew
Dodge, Benjamin N
Dodge, Benjamin B,
Dodge, Fred A.
Dodge, Israel YV.
Dodge, Joshua S.
Dodge, Forest C.
Dodge, Lucius B.
Dodge, Walter F.
Elliot, John T.
Endicott, Robert R.
Foster, David L.
Foster, Henry W.
Foster, Issacher jr.
Foster, William A.

BEVERLY— 92.

Foster, William B.
.Friend, Seth
Giles, Benjamin V.
Gray, William H.
Haven, Franklin
Herrick, Joseph H.
Hill, Hugh
Howse, Thomas W.
Killam, Charles W.
.Lee, Asa F.
Lord, Cyrus W.
Lovett, William H.
Lawrence, C. A.
Loring, Augustus P,
Lovett, Fraucis S.
Lovett, John W.
Mason, Alfred A.
.Mason, George
.Mason, Charles A.
Mason, Lyman
Marsters, James A.
Mayo, Josiah
Mitchell, John E.
Morgan, William C
Morse, John T.
Moulton, Charles
Moulton, John A.
Munsey, John G.
Murney, John M.
Norwood, Francis
Obear, Ezekiel F.

Paine, Charles C.
Perry, Albert •
Phillips, J. C. Mrs.
Pickett, Charles
Pitman, Mark
Pope, Jasper
Porter, Adoniram
Preston, Ezra
Raymond, John W.
Raymond, J. W. jr.
Roberts, Stephen W.
Roundy, George
Sawyer, E. C.
Stephens, Augustus
Stickney, George W.
Stone, Samuel H.
Swasey, E
Trask, J. G.
Trafton, Darling F.
Trask, Joseph W.
Vittum, Albert
Walker, Lawson
Webb, Alden
Wallis, Joseph A.
Williams, Augustus
Whitcomb, Austin
Wier, David
Woodbury, L., jr.
Woodbury, H. W.
Woodbury, Rufus

Anderson, Chas. R.
Andrew, Isaac W.
Austin, Charles F.
Austin, George B.
Barnes, B. S.
Chadvvick, Geo. W.
Chadwick, James W
Chad wick, Walter I
Cleveland, James P,

BOXFORD— 27.

Cole, David M.
Cole, John K.
Cole, Warren M.
Cole, Win. Kimball
Day, Isaac C.
Day, Mrs. John
.Herrick, Israel
Killam, Oliver P.
Ladd, John I.

Nason, James H.
Parkhurst, John
Parkhurst, John W.
Pearl, Edw. E.
Pearl, John M.
Perley, Charles
Sawyer, Thomas
Styles, Charles F.
Wood, John T.

200

Bradstreet, Justin E
Burpee, Hiram L.
Cogswell, Doane
Cogswell, George
Cogswell, William,
Day, Albert J.
Ellis, John A.
Emerson, Charles B
Gage, Edwin V.
Hale, H. H.
Hazeltine, Charles ■
Hazeltine, John
Hilton, William

BRADFORD— 38.

.Hilton, Charles M. Little, Mrs. M. P.
Hopkinson,Sam'l W.Ordway, Alfred
Johnson, Charles G. Peabody, Walter S.
Johnson, Laburton Peabody, Frank
Kimball, Albert Peabody, Daniel
Kimball, A. LaburtonPerley, John
Kimball, Leverett Phillips, G. Franklin
Kimball, Win B. Poor, Charles H.
Kimball, M. Tenney Tewksbury, John B.
Kingsbury, John D. Thornton, William
Knight, Albert H. Wales, Herbert E.
Ladd, B. G. Webster, Charles E.

Ladd, George W.

Armitage, John S.
Bartlett, James A.
Berry, Allen A.
Beiry, Eben G.
Bent, William
Batchelder, J. Q. A.
Bradstreet, Elijah
Bodge, Horatio
Bradstreet, William
Brown, William H.
Boardman, I. P.
Butler J. C.
Clark, N. J.
Carlton, 0. Loring
Carlton, Wm. B.
Day, Clarence
Dempsey, L. P.
Dodge, Elnathan
Dodge, Francis
Eaton, Winslow W.
Fellows, Alfred
Fernald, Oliver
Fisher, Franklin W
Fowler, Augustus
Fuller, Solomon
Gould, Charles H.
Grout, John
Gustin, John II.
Hill, Edward L.

DANVERS— 110.

Harrigan, D. J. Peart, William B.

Hood, Joseph E. Perley, Dean A.
Hutchinson, EdwardPerley, Edward P.
Hutchinson, W. P. Perkins, Henry A.
Jacobs, Wm. A. Perkins, Warren G.
Jackson. Eben Perkins, William P.

Juul, Conrad Perkins, M. Sumner

Kimball, Francis 0. Perry, George S.
Kimball, Joel jr. Pettingill, David A.

Kirby, Patrick
Langley, J. R.
Learoyd, A. P.
Lefavour, Mrs.
Legro, Edmund
Legro, John C. P.

Pillsbury, H. H.
Piper, G. M. T.
Pope, Ira P.
Porter, Benjamin F.
Pratt, Amos
Preston, Charles H.

Lyford, Francis W. Putnam, Ansel W.
Massey, Dudley A. Putnam, Edwin F.
Marston, Jacob Putnam, Israel H.

McCrillis, Ransom F.Putnam, Joseph C.
Merrill, Walter S. Putnam, John A.
Morrison, L. L. Putnam, Joel

Mudge, Augustus Putnam, Otis F.
.Nichols, Andrew Pratt, George
Nichols, Andrew jr. Pratt, Samuel S.
Newhall, Benj. E. Porter, John W.
Newhall, Henry Pope; Daniel P.
O'Neal, T. H. Proctor. Nathan P.

Patch, Abraham Richardson, James
Peabody, George H. Eichards, C S.

201

Roberts, Oliver
Rollins, Jonas
Ropes, Joseph E.
Rice, Chas. B.
Sears, John A.
Spaulding, Sam'l W.
Swinerton, John
Smart, John L.

Spring, Jacob E.
Tapley, George
Tapley, Gilbert A.
Trask, Alfred M.
Upton, Franklin W
Verry, Augustus
Verry, Henry
Walcott, Wm. H.

Waldron, E. T.
Weston, Mrs. L. P.
White, Henry A.
Wood is, Alden B.
Woodman, Edw. E.
Whipple, John F.
Wilkins, Fred'k A.

ESSEX— 16.

Andrews, Elias Haskell, George

Burnham, Wash. Knowlton, Aaron
Burnham,Wm. HoweKnowlton, Moses
Choate, Rufus Knowlton, Herbert

Cogswell, Chas. B. Knowlton, Perry B.
Haskell, David L. Lee, Edward K.

Low, Aaron
Low, Josiah
Lufkin, A. E.
McDonald, Daniel

GEORGETOWN— 23.

Bateman, A. P.

Butler, Oliver S.
Chapman, Jonathan
Harriman, Hiram X
Hoyt, John A.
Hoyt, Martin L.
Huse, Ralph C.
Marble, ISathaniel

Nelson, Sherman
Osgood, Stephen
Perley, David E.
.Pettingill, Henry
Pillsbury, J.
Poor, Samuel T.
Ridley, Amos
Spofford, Sumner

Tenney, George J.
Teuney, Gorham D.
Tenney, Moses
Tennev, Orlando B.
Tidd, Luther P.
Weston, George S.
Wheeler, William S.

GLOUCESTER— 78.

Babson, Fitz J.
Babson, Horatio
Babson, Osman
Barrett, Charles P.
Bennett, Charles
Bradford, George R
Brown, Edward H.
Burnham, A. M.
Burnham, H. A.
Burnham, S. A.
Calef, John C
Carter, John S.
Carter, Sherman J.

Clark, John
Cole, Israel H.
Conant, Thomas
Cook, Benjamin F
Corliss, Benjamin
Corliss, .John
Cronin, John
Curtis, Samuel jr.
1 >avis, James
Davis, William P.
Dennen, George
Dodd, Stephen
Dolliver, John S.

Dolliver, William C.

Dolliver, William P.

Fears, Robert R.
. Ferguson, Thos. B.
H.Foster, Jeremiah

Garland, Joseph

GrirHn, Bennett

Grover, Chafles E.

Harvev, Alonzo F.

Haskell, H. C. L.

Haskell, William H,

Herrick, Gardner W.

Knowles, Thomas J.

202

Lane, Andrew
Lane, George
Lawrence, R. C.
Lovett, John H.
Low, David W.
Low, Frederic F.
Marr, Chester jr.
Mayo, Israel C.
Norwood, George
Parsons, W. Frank
Pattillo, Alexander
Pew, William A.
Phillips, N. H.

Plumer, David
Presson, David S.
Presson, Alfred
Price, Augustus E.
Proctor, Joseph O.
Proctor, Wilbur F.
Bicker, Richard W.
Roberts, Joshua
Rogers, Allan
Rogers, John S.
Rust, William P.
Sanford, H. G.
Shepherd, Joseph C

Somes, John E.
Stacy, John H.
Stan wood, Barnard
Story, Cyrus
Thompson, Chas. P.
Webster, Nathaniel
Wetherell, M. L.
Wilson, John J.
Witham, Addison
Wonson,AugustusH.
Wonson, F. G.
Wonson, George M.
Wonson, J. W.

Balch, Thomas H.

Curtis, Edwin T.

Fegan, Henry C.

George, Edwin B.

George, Samuel B.

Harrington, EdwardMartino, Philip H.

Harriman, Moses H.Merrill, Burton E.

Harrimun, Abel S. Parker, Eldred S.

GROVELAND— 24.

Hopkinson, W. H.
Ladd, J. B. P.
Ladd, Nathaniel E.
Longfellow, N.
Longfellow, Samuel

Pemberton, L. K.
Savary, Charles P.
Spofford, Henry H.
Stacy, Edward' M.
Stickney, Abel
Tenney, George H.
Wardwell, Z. C.
Woodbury, Louis A.

Barnes, B. Frank
Berry, J M.
Blake, J. Albert
Bodwell, Stephen
Brickett, Barnard
Brickett, Daniel
Butters, Charles
Chase, Abel W.
Chase, C. W.
Cheever. H. W.
Cook, Justin T.
Corliss, Charles
Davis, James
Dewhurst, James
Eaton, B. F.
Eaton, Harrison
Emerson, Albert
Emerson. E. A.
Emery, Benjamin

HAVERHILL— 71.

Farnsworth, J. H.
Fellows, Samuel
Fellows, C. H.
Flanders, Daniel D.
Frost, Henry
Gale, John E.
Goodwin, Rufus
Goodwin, John H.
Hanson, M. W.
Haseltine, Amos jr.
Heath, Albert
Hooke, Daniel
Howe, Moses
Ingalls, E. T.
Johnson, Henry H.
Lackey, Andrew
Little* E. C.
Little, J. G. S.
E. Marsh, John J.

Mitchell, E.
Moody, H. L.
Morse, John H.
Merrill, Giles
Nichols, John B.
Nichols, J. B.
Ordway, Joshua H.
Peabody, Stephen
Peters, Daniel
Poore, F. W.
Porter, Dudley
Quinby, T W.
Randall, John P.
Richardson, John B.
Ridgeway, Jos.
Rhodes, C. N.
Sanders, Thomas
Smith, Geo. S.
Sprague, W. W.

203

Stewart, John
Taylor, Martin
Tayior> Oliver
Titcomb, Beniah
Wadleigh, Levi C.
Webster, Ebenezer

Webster, E. F.
Webster, Richard
West, H. K.
West, James F.
West , Thomas
Wheeler, Allison

White, James D.
Whittier, Alvah
Whittier, Warner R.
Winchell, James H.

Allen, Francis R.
Brown, William A.
Creamer, George G.
Dane, Epbraim A.
Dane, George E. F.
Dane, John jr.
Dane, William A.
Dane, Sylvester
Dodge, Emerson P.
Dodge, George B.

HAMILTON— 29.

Dunnels, Ira A.
Ellis, George W.
Gardner, A. P.
Gibney, George H.
Kimball, Isaac W.
Knowlton, Franklin
Knowlton, Isaac F.
Knowlton, Joseph
Lamson, Jarvis
Nason, Daniel A.

Norris, George
Norwood, C. J.
Patch, Mrs. Oliver
Putnam, Charles 0.
Rankin, Eli C.
Robinson, E. P.
Safford, Daniel E.
Smith, Alvin
Whipple, Em. A.

Abbott, Joseph B.
Appleton, Francis R
Appleton, Daniel F.
Baker, S. N. jr.
Bond, James W.
Brown, Everett K.
Brown, S. Albert
Brown, William G.
Caldwell, Abraham
Clark, Erastus
Fall, Tristram B.
Fellows. Alonzo B.
Gould, John J.
Gould, Walter F.

Marshall, Joseph
Perkins, Isaac E. B.
Perley, David T.
Reddy, Michael
Ross, Joseph

IPSWICH— 42.

Grant, Joshua B.
Green, George H.
Haskell, George
Hobbs, John
Hodgdon, George

Hodgkins, AugustineRutherford,AaronA.
Horton, Joseph Shatswell, Nathaniel

Johnson, George E.Smith, Webster
Jordan, Mrs. Robert Stone, Augustine
Kimball, Daniel Story, Alden
Kinnear, James Treadwell, William

Kinsman, Joseph F. Underbill, J. C.
Kinsman, William H.Wade, Asa
Kinsman, Willard F. Whittier, Maynard

Ames, M. B.
Bodwell, Asa M.
Cabot, George D.
Currier, Eben B.
Currier, J. Merrill
Drew, J. D.
Durant, W. A.

LAWRENCE— 36.

Flynn, Edward
French, A. J.
Goodwin, John
Goodwin, Patrick
Goodwin, Francis J.
Halley, T. D.
Herrick, H. G.

Hills, George W.
Hood, Gilbert E.
Holt, Lewis G.
Hubbard, Leavitt
Joyce, James W:
Keleher, W. A.
Lewis, S. T.

McAllister, J. G.
Merrill, George S.
Page, E. F.
Patterson, D. H.
Bichardson, E. P.

204

Robinson, P. B. Shattuck, Joseph

Rollins, John R. Small, Henry

Russell, George W Victor, F. M.

Russell, W. A. Wellmau, John R.

Saunders, Daniel Wright, W. H. P.

Aldrich, A. P.
Allen, Walter B.
Andrews, Randall
Baker, Ezra
Bates, Edwin
Bates, Walter E.
Bates, William H.
Bates, Fred H.
Bates, Wallace
Becki'ord, Ebenezer
Beede, CO.
Berry, Henry N.
Berry, Benj. J.
Bray, E. E.
Bray, Wm. A.
Breed, Amos F.
Breed, George H.
Breed, Henry H.
Breed, Richard
Butman, Joseph E.
Butman, Wm. W.
Cain, Julia A. Mrs.
Chase, L. H.
Chase, Amos F.
Cross, Alfred
Croscup, James A.
Cressey, John S.
Dwyer, Edward F.
Emery, George E.
Farrar, Jos. E.
Foster, George
Fry, Charles C.
Goodell, J. W.
Goodwin, Joseph W

LYNN— 102.

Haskell, John C.
Harnden, Henry C.
Harris, N. S.
Hawkes, Nathan M.
Heath, Henry A.
Heath, James
Hill, E. L.
Hopkins, Fred I.
Hovey, Rufus P.
Iugalls, James W.
Ireson, S. S.
Johnson, Jacob A.
Jepson, Eli
Joint, William H.
Kimball, Rufus
King, W. P.
Knox, David
Lamphier, Joseph A
Lamphier, W. L.
Mace, Frank W.
Marsh, George E.
Marsh, S. E."
May, Lyman A.
McBrien, Richard
McKenney, John H
Merritt, Timothy
Mockett, Joseph E.
Mower, A. A.
Mower, M. V. B.
Mudge, John
Neal, Peter M.
Newhall, Asa T.
Newhall, G. A.
.Newhall, Hiram L.

Newhall, George T.
Nichols, H. S.
Nichols, Otis
Nichols, Thomas P.
Norris, George jr.
Noyes, Geo. C.
Oliver, John E.
Parsons, Charles E.
Pevear, G. K.
Pevear, H. A.
Phillips, B. Frank
Potter, Edward P.
Preble, J. H.
Ramsdell, Charles H.
Richards, Edward A.
Rogers, Ira D.
Roney, Simon J.
.Rounds, Herbert L.
Rowell, B. W.
Sargent, George D.
Sheehau, John
Shorey, John L.
Shorey, George L.
Sawyer, J. A. J.
.Townes, Q. A.
Tyler, Thaddeus W.
Usher, Roland G.
Vickary, J. C.
Ward, Benj. A.
Whipple, Geo. H.
Willey. James L.
Wilson, J. C.
Winslow, Aaron
Winslow, G. W.

Bancroft, J. K.
Brown, Joseph

LYNNFIELD— 20.

Cox, Thomas E. jr.
Cooper, C. A.

Danforth, John M.
Derby, Charles H.

Gerry, Elbridge F.
Griffin, George F.
Hawkes, George L.
Herrick, George E.
Mansfield, Andrew

205

Monroe, Harry W.
Monroe, Wilbur J.
Newhall, Frank
Perkins, John
Perkins, John H.

Perkins, J. WinsloW
Roundy, George M.
Roundy, W. R.
Smith, Henry E.

MANCHESTER— 12.

Allen, Wm, H. Cheever, William M.Merriam, Arthur M.

Baker, John Coolidge, T.JeffersonPrice, John

Burnham, Frederick Friend, Daniel W. Rabardy, Julius F.
Cheever, John H. Lee, Allen Sturgis, Russell

MARBLEHEAD— 14.

Dennis, W. John Paine, Thomas W.

Gregory, J. J. H. Phillips, Wm. S. jr.

Hathaway, Amos C. Ware, Benjamin P.
Cloutman, B. Henry Hathaway,Joseph B.Ware, Horace
Cronin, Michael Hathaway, Seth W.

Alley, Amos P.
Appleton, Thomas
Clough, A. W.

Adams, George
Chase, William
Clement, M. G.
Haskell, Wm. H.

MERRIMAC— 11.

Loud, L. C. Sargent, Geo. W.

Pike, James D. Sargent, P. Willis

Sargent, M. Perry Tewksbury, D. M.
Sargent, Bailey

Bradley, George B.
Buswell, Joseph E.
Butters, George A.
Butters, W. H.
Currier, Daniel
Crosby, John S.
Dow, Virgil
Emerson, Jacob jr.
Frederick, John W,

METHUEN— 27.

Gage, George W.
George, John H.
Goss, Chas. E.
How, Joseph
How, Joseph S.
Mann, C. W.
Morrison, D. T.
Nevins, Henry C.
Noyes, David W.

Pedlar, S. J.
Phippen, G. S.
Parker, Jas. 0.
Rogers, William M.
Sargent, S. G.
Sleeper, Wm. C.
Smith, Walter
Thurlow, J. E.
Tozier, C. L.

206

MIDDLETOX— 14

Berry, William Jones, L. H. Stewart, Mrs. S. A.

Christopher, Win. P.Phelps, William A. "Weston, Solomon W.
Currier, Gporge A. Stiles, Farnum Wilkins, George P.

Flint, James Stiles, Mrs. Farnum Wilkins, Lyman S.

Hutchinson, J. A. Stiles, Hiram A.

Goodale, Byron

NAHANT— 1.

Adams, Charles W.
Adams, Daniel 1).
Adams, George W.
Adams, James K.
Adams, George E.
Adams, Charles E.
Bray, Richard S.
Bray, George W.
Boynton, Chprles
Coffin, Wm. P.
Colman, Moses
Dole, Nathaniel
Forbes, A. B.
Hale, Stephen P.
Howard, Horatio M.
Ilsley, Edwin
Ilsley, Paul M.
Ilsley, Joseph
Jaques, Richard
Jaques, Richard T.

NEWBURY— 58.

Jaques, Richard T.jr.Noyes, Justin

Jaques, William
Kent, Edward
Knight, Edward S.
Little, Carleton
Little, Edward F.
Little, Joseph

Noyes, Horace P.
Noyes, James
Noyes, Moses K.
Perkins, Wm. W.
Perkins, Frank
Perkins, Paul A.

Little, Nathaniel jr. Perkins, John W.
Little, William Plummer, Daniel

Little, Wm. Burke Plummer, George H.
Longfellow, HoraceF Randall, George A.
Longfellow, Joseph Rogers, Abial
Longfellow, Jos. Mrs Rolf, John C.
Lucy, Gideon R. Rolfe, Joseph N.
Lunt, Charles M. Tenney, Henry L.
Moody, Nath'l W. Tenney, El bridge
Moynihan, CorneliusTenney, Daniel G.
Newman, Sidney F. Toomey, Mathew H.
Noyes, Edwin P. Woods, Charles W.

Adams, Philip D.
Adams, J. Quincy
Adams, Rufus
Allen, John W.
Balch, John H.
Ballou, C. N.
Bartlett, Chas. S.
Bartlett, T. K.

NEWBURYPORT— 66.

Batchelder, Dan'l C.Cook, T. N.
Bayley, Wm. H. Cutter, Eben P.
Cashman, Jeremiah Delano, Otis
Capers, Thomas Evans, Frank W.
Colby, George J. L. Griffin, Eliphalet
Currier, Warren Hale, Joshua
Colman, James C. Hamlet, Daniel
Colman, William T.Hart, James S.

Hewett, C. C.
Huff, William,
Jackinan, George W.
Jones, William
Johnson, Wm. R.
Kent, Otis L.
Knights, George W
Knight, Joseph
Lewis, Samuel W.
Little, Hector
Little, John G.
Lunt, Charles
Maguire, C. N.
Merrill, Enoch

207

Moseloy, Edward A
Moselev. Edward S.
Mosely" Fred'k S.
Moulton, Henry W.
Moulton, Joseph
Nelson, David 0. jr
.Newhall, Asa T.
Noyes, Isaac P.
Old way, A. D.
Ordway, Parsons
Perley, R. M.
Perkins, Charlrs
Plummer, Moses A.
Plummer, Wm. C.

Poore, George H.
Rowe, D. T.
Sargent, John W.
Smith, Joseph B.
Smith, Robert A.
Stanley, B. F.
Stanley, J. C.
Titcomb, Albert
Titcomb, Paul
Tilton, Enoch
Toppan, Edward S.
Winkley, J. Otis
Winkley, Paul T. jr.
Walker, George S.

NO. ANDOVER— 47.

Adams, Edward Farnham, Mrs. B.
Berry, Albert Farnham, J. L.

Bodwell, S. B. Farnham, W. Benj.

Butterfield,CharlesAFoster, J. Frank
Bassett, Leon H. Foster, John P.
Barker, John Foster, Orrin

Carlton, Daniel French, J. D. W.

Carlton, Daniel A. Fuller, Abijah P.
Chever, William J. Goodhue, Hiram P.
Davis, George G. Greene, E. W.
Davis, George E. Holt, Peter jr.
Davis, George L. Jenkins, Benj. F.
Dale, William J. Jenkins, Milon S.
Dale, William J. jr. Johnson, James T.
Farnham, B. H. Johnson, Charles F.
Farnham, Byron K. Kittredge, Hannah E

Loring, George B. jr.
Manion, John
Montgomery, Jas. A.
Osgood, Isaac F.
Peters, Nathaniel
Phillips, Willard P.
Poor, James C.
Riley, Henry
Robinson, AddisonM.
Stevens, Moses T.
Stevens, Oliver
Synionds, Frederick
Wilson, Abiel
Wardwell, T. 0.
Wiley, John A.

PEABODY— 80.

Appleton, Francis H.Batchelder,' Cyrus T.Clark, A. B.

Bancroft, Sidney C.
Barrett, E. Pope
Barrett, Edward V
Bodge, Henry
Buxton, Henry V.
Brown, Rufus H.
Brown, Lewis
Bushby, N. A.

Brown, W. H.
Brown, R. S.
Blake, E. L.
Blane'y, Stephen
Buxton, Robert G.
Buxton, Simon P.
( larroll, Thomas

Cody, James F.
Colcord. J. L.
Cummings, Daniel
Curtis, Andrew
Dole, William T.
Durkee, T. C. .
Emerton, C. S.

Cbadwick, Orville B.Foster, Ira

208

Foster, George M.
Goodale, Jacob 0.
Hayes, Andrew J.
Haven, C. B.
Hills, Benjamin M.
Herrick, John E.
Hoag, Charles E.
Hubbard, A. J.

Mansfield, Arthur W
Marsh, Frank
Marsh, James
Merrill, Amos
Morris, R. F.
Needham, George A
Needham, Joseph S
Newhall, Orlando F

Hutchinson, SamuelNourse, Samuel W
Hutchiuson, C. K. Osborne, Abraham C

King, George H.
King, J. Augustus
King, James P.
King, Jonathan
Linehan, John
Little, William H.
Marsh, Fred
Mansfield, E.

Osborn, Lyman
Osgood, William E.
O'Keefe, Timothy
Pepper, George W.
Preston, Levi
Quint, Nicholas M.
Raddin, Alonzo
Richardson, W. B.

Rogers, Jacob C.
Saltonstall, Henry
Sheen, William E.
Southwick, Sumner
Swett, Samuel
.Taylor, Benjamin H.
Taylor, George W.
Thomas, Josiah B.
Tvviss, Everett M.
Viles, Bowman
Walcott, John G.
Wallace, David B.
Walton, George D.
Wheeler, Banj. S.
Whipple, Horace P.
Wiley, William F.
Wilson, Robert H.

Appleton, Zeno A.
Blatchford, Eben
Dodd, Stephen
Gott, Daniel S.
Grimes, Loring
Lane, Andrew
Lane, Andrew jr.
Lane, Horace

ROCKPORT— 22.

Low, Martha J. Mrs. Norwood, Gorham
Low, William Patch, William H.

Manning, James Pool, Story D.
Manning, John J. Rowe, Amos
Manning, William N.Smith, Allen
Merriden, James B.Smith, William H.
McNeil, William Smith, Solomon

ROWLEY— 22.

Bartlett, B. W. Hale, T. P.

Blodgette, George B.Keyes, Eben S.
Daniels, George E. Lambert, Mary G.
Dodge, Joseph D. Mahouey, John
Dummer, NathT N. Mighill, Charles P.
Hale, Clara A. Pike, John

Hale, Daniel H. Prime, Daniel B.
Hale, Thomas

Potter, Edward H.-
Stockbridge, Seth
Stockbridge, A. J.
Tenney, John H.
Todd, Frank P.
Todd, John F.
Todd, J. Scott

209
SALEM— 66.
Andrews, Samuel P.Hale, Henry A.

Almy, James F.
Abbott, Nathaniel
Barton. Gardner
Bliss, Edgar
Curwen, James B.
Chase, George

Hoi man, Lyman
Horton, N. A.
Ives, John S.
Jones, Samuel G.
Kemble, Arthur
Lam son, Frederick

Curwen. Samuel H. Lord, William

Clark, Charles S.
Collins, Win F. M.
Creesy, George W.
Daland, John

Loring, George B.
Lander, William A
Mack, William
Manning, Robert

Endicott. William C.Merrill, E. H.

Felt, John
Foote, Caleb
Foster. Joseph C.
Foster, William J.

Merritt, David
Morse, E. Henry
Northend, Wm. D.
Peabody, John P.

Goodhue, William P.Perkins, E. R
Gray, Benjamin A. Putnam, Henry W.
Gardner, D. B. Phippen, George D

Hathaway, John Potter, William
Hanson, Clement R. Filigree, David

Pettingell, George
Page, John G.
Page, James E.
Pickering, Benjamin
Robinson, John
Ropes, Reuben W.
Rogers, A. D.
Reynolds, Henry E.
Rowell, E. F.
Ropes, John C.
Saunders, Robert J.
Shreve, 0. B.
Spencer, Charles P.
Swasey, John A.
Streeter, Gilbert L.
Tracey, Patrick
Ware, Horace C.
Wheatland, Henry
White, Frank W.
Whitmore, Wm. F.
Waters, David P.
Wyman, Isaac C.

Bartlett, Moses J.
Dole, Edward G.
Dow, George A.
Eaton, John F.
Evans, Johu Q.

SALISBURY— 15.

Getchell, N. Tracy Pettengill, Wesley
Greeley, Furmer H. Pettengill John Q.A.
Greenleaf, Wm. H. Smith, John F.
Littletield, Hiram Thornton, Robert
Morrill, Abram L. True, P. Albert

Blodgett, J. W.
Faxon, M. B.
Five, John

SAUGUS— 12.

Hawkes, Samuel
Hawkes, Louis P.
Hill, Alfred C.

Newhall, Joseph
Noble, William
Penney, George H.

George, Henry M. Newhall, Herbert B. Whitehead, Joseph

Crosiuan, S. F.
Pettingell, L. D.
Pettingell, S. J.

SWAMPSCOTT— 7.

Rowe, Allen
Washburne, John

Warren, David
Warren, Mrs. N. J.

2IO

TOPSFIELD— 17.

Averill, George F. Leach, Thomas K. Towue, Frank H.

Bradstreet, Dudley Maiming, James Ward, Richard

Herrick, Charles Mason, Alphonso Wildes, Eugene L.

Hood, Salmon D. Peabody, Charles J. Wilson, James

Lamson, J. Arthur Pike, Baxter P. Woodbury, Isaac M.

Leach, Charles H. Poole, Benjamin

WENHAM— 20.

Alley, Henry Dodge, George F. Pingree, David
Batchelder,T.WilsonDodge, William P. Peabody, George

Cole, Zacariah Edwards, Francis R.Parsons, George W.

Conant, John P. Hobbs, A. F. Patch, Henry

Day, Everett K. Hobbs, Heury Perkins, Nathan'l P.

Demsey, H. H. Kavauagh, J. Tilton, George H.

Dodge, Robert F. Morgan, William B.

WEST NEWBURY— 45.

Bailey, William P.
Bailey, Lawrence H
Bartlett, M. Walsh
Boynton, Eben M.
Brown, Hayden
Bryant, William
Carr, E. Dole
Carr, Samuel
Connor, M. H.
Follansbee, B. A.
Flook, George L.
Goodridge David L
Goodridge, H. M.
Gordan, J. R.
Go wen, Mrs. C. W.

Go wen, Francis H.
.Goweu, Oscar
Jacques, Romulus
Jacques, Stephen A,
King, T. J.
Lane, Isaac N.
Merrill, William
Merrill, William E.
Merrill, Heury
Moore, Alfred L.
Nason, Ezekiel G.
Nason, Henry F.
Nelson, Daniel P.
Newell, Richard
Noyes, Stephen E.

Ordway, Cyrus D.
Ordway, Cyrus K.
Ordway, Thomas G.
Ordway, Charles W.
Peirce, George J.
Peirce, Henry J.
Poore, Moses H.
Poore, Amos
Prince, S. R.
Rogers, Calvin
Rogers, George C.
Stanwood, Moses P.
Talton, John C.
Thurlow, Thomas C.
Titcomb, Silas M. C.

NON-RESIDENTS— 136.

Allen, Henry C, Keene, N. H.Balch, William H., Maiden
Alley, James E. Baker, John, Sanborn, Col.

Ames, Amos L., Tacoma, Wash. Barker, John G., Boston
Babson, Gustavus, jr., Seward,Beckford, C. H., Boston

Neb. Blake, J. P., Newton

Balch, Eustis, California Black, James D., Harvard

211

Blunt, J. Milton, Springfield Hayes, J. F. C, Iowa
Bodwell, Henry A., Keene,N.H.Hicock, S. S., Rochester, N. H.
Bodwell, Jos.K .,Hallowell,Me.Hill, Mark F., Deny, N. H.
Brackett, H. Clarke, Virginia Holt, H. E., Lexington
Burnham, Choate, Boston Hubbard, J. G.,Hampste'd,N.H.

Burnhain, Ira T., Lexington Hutchinson, C. H., Rhinebeck,
Butler, Benjamin F., Lowell N. Y.
Caldwell, L., Jacksonville, Fla.Kent, Albert S., Colorado
Campbell, Charles H.,New Bo- Kimball, Jonathan, Boston

chelle, N. Y. Kimball, W.F., Providence,R.I.

Carey, James, Quincy King, D. Webster, Boston

Carey, James, !New York Knight, J. M., Maine

Chapin, W. C.,Provideuce,R.I.Lamb, Wm. D., Southbridge
Chase, Joseph 6., Maiden Lake, Chas. H., Churchill, Md.

Cheever, John H. Somerville Loveiing, J ohnH., Marlborough
Clarke, Joseph F., Boston Low, Sidney, Groton

Cleaveland, H. W. S., Chicago Lylord, Geo. H., New York
Colby, Charles A., ISew York Mann, Otis, Springfield
Currier, William A., Boston Martin, Walter T., Dover,N.H.
Day, Abraham, Boston McFarland, L., Maine

Davis, Phineas E., Chicago Merrill, George F., No. Hanip-
Dodge, Albert W., Brighton ton, N. H.

Dodge, John S., Chicopee Merrill, Hay den A., Dedham

Dole, Francis F., Chicopee Mills, R. P., Abbott, Col.
Drew, Charles R., Medtord Mitchell, Charles, Milton
Eaton, Thos., Harristown, 111. Mitchell, Seth, Boston
Emanuel, Henry, New York Moulton, Beverly S., Boston
Estes,Alden C.,San Landro,Cal.Nelson, D. Oscar, Portsmouth,
Gilman, Frederic, N. H. O.

Farrell, Edwin C, Reading Nichols, Albert, Chicago, 111.
Felton, Wm. H., Sherborn Nichols, D. P., Boston
Fernald, Henry B., WashingtonNoyes, A. P., Lowell
Flint, Horace P., Boston OrUway, G. W., Manch'r,N.H.

Foster, James B., Melrose Page, Adino, Metainora, 111.

Fowler, \V. Wr., Plymouth Page, Nathan jr., Wakefield
French, Charles, Davenport, O. Palmer, Charles L., Cotton
French, Geo. H., Davenport,0. Wood, Idaho Co., Idaho
Gannett, W. W., Boston Palmer, Frank H., N. Wey-

Garl'ney, Cornelius, So. Boston mouth, Mass.
Gilman, S. E. Kingston, N. H. Patch, A. H., Clarkville, Tenn.
Gookin, Samuel F., Boston Pay son, Samuel F., New York
Green, John A. New York Phelps, IS. L., Iowa
Greene, ArthurM.,PhiladelphiaPhilhps, A. P., Medlield
Gulliver, Francis,l>inghampton, Phillips, Samuel, Brighton

>,. Y. Pierce, William, Boston

Hadley, William, Boston Poor, Henry, New Y'ork

Hale, Joseph S., Lugonia, San Porter, Dudley H., Saratoga

Bernandino Co., Cal. Putnam, Benjamin C., Chelsea

2 12

Putnam,MosesW.,Philadelphia,Snow, Jesse W., Boston

N. Y. Spofford, Farnham, Washington

Putnam, Wm. R., Red Wing,Stanley, Samuel S., Boston

Minn. Stan wood, Joseph T., Maiden

Raymond, Samuel, New York Stickney, Charles, Fon du Lac,
Rea, Loring B., Miles City, Wis.

Mont. Stickney, Niles T.,Chicago,Ill.

Reynolds, W. B., Derry, N. H.Stone, Edwin M.,Provid'ce,R.L
Robinson, John L., Manches-Tappan, S. B., Arlington

ter, N. H. Taylor, George H., Everett

Rogers, Isaiah S., Somerville Titcomb, Charles A., Boston
Rogers, Benjamin, Maiden Walker, Dexter M., Bostou
Rogers, William, Illinois Ward, Winsor M., Wakefield

Safford, K T.,Dunbarton,N.H.Ware, Darwin E., Boston
Sargent, Elmer P., Maiden Webb, Michael jr., Cambridge
Sargent, G.P.,Philadelphia,Pa.Wentzel, David, Amherst
Shattuck, Chas W.,WinchesterWheeler, H. T., Worcester
Shattuck, L. P., Boston Whitman, F. A., Lexington

Sleeper, S. C, Plaistow, N. H.Whittemore, Chas. A., Boston
Smith, Beaman C.,CharlestownWhittemore, J. R., Chicopee
Smith, George J., Boston Wilder, S. W., Lowell

Total number, December, 1890 — 1371 resident members.

136 non-resident members. Grand total, 1507 members.

1891.
PREMIUM LIST OF

Essex Agricultural Society,

FOR THE

Sixty-First Annual Cattle Show and Fair,
To be held September 22 and 23, in Lawrence.

Duties of Trustees.

The Trustee of each town is instructed to see the several mem
bers of Committees in his town previous to the Show, and urge
upon them the importance of attending to their duties. Also im-
press upon exhibitors from localities near to the Exhibition, the
importance of entering their exhibits the afternoon and evening of
Monday, in fairness to those from a distance, who are obliged to
come Tuesday.

To be prompt at the meeting in June for tilling Committees,
and at the meeting of the society for filling vacancies in commit-
tees on tin; first day of the Exhibition, making sure that the names
proposed at those meetings are of persons who will serve.

Duties of Committees.

Committees on live stock and articles exhibited on the Fair
Grounds should appear at the Secretary's office, on the grounds, at
one o'clock, punctually, on the first day of the exhibition, and
there organize, take the books of entry, and proceed at once to
business. Committees in hall should take the books of entry
from the Superintendent, promptly after the entries close.

Full reports of awards by committees, on the blanks furnished
by the Secretary, to be signed by all the members acting on the
same, are required of each committee.

Three members of any committee consisting of more than that
number are authorized to act.

No member of the Society shall act on any committee of which
he is an exhibitor in the same class.

The Diploma of the Society being considered the highest pre-
mium that can be awarded, no committee is authorized to award it
except lor animals and articles of special merit, deserving' of in-
orsement and recommendation by the Society.

214

No committee is authorized to award gratuities, except the com-
mittee on agricultural implements, carriages, bread, honey, and
canned fruits, domestic manufactures, fruits, vegetables in
hall, and flowers ; or any premium, unless the rules of the Socie-
ty have been strictly complied with. Neither shall they award
premiums or gratuities in excess of the amount appropriated.
No gratuity is to be awarded of less than fi:iy cents.
The several committees are requested to affix premium cards,
and also on animals, blue, white, and red printed premium ribbons
(which may be had o! the Secretary or assistant on the grounds
and at the hall), for the several animals or articles designating the
grade of premium awarded each, ami the name of the person
to whom awarded, and special care should be taken that
the cards issued correspond with the awards in their report to
the Society.

The reports of awards of premiums on ploughing and on ani-
mals and articles exhibited at the Show, must be delivered prompt-
ly to the Secretary for announcement on Wednesday.

The Society offers liberal premiums for the best reports of com-
mittees ; and the chairman of the several committees are requested
to present to the Secretary a full report explanatory of the opin-
ions of the committee on the matter referred to them, within two
weeks after the awards are made at the ^how, for publication in
the Transactions.*

Reports on farms, crops, etc., to be presented previous to the
meeting of the Trustees in Novembei.

Any member of a committee who cannot serve on the same is re-
quested to give notice to the Secretary, before the Show, so that the
vacancy may be filled.

Each member of the several committees will receive a ticket of
admission to the hall of exhibition, on application to the Secretary.

♦Chairman of committees will please notice this request.

General Rules-

Competitors are requested to carefully read the rules and premium
list before making entries.

Claims (entrie<) for premiums to be awarded at the Exhibition
on the Eair Grounds, must be entered with the Secretary of the
Society, or his agent, on or before 10 o clock., A. M., and in the Ex-
hibition Hall, on or before 11 A. M., of the first day thereof.

All claims (entries) for premiums on Fair Grounds, must be
handed or forwarded to the Secretary or his agent, in writing, pre-
vious to the day of the Fair, if possible, or on or before 1 o'clock
A. M., of the first day thereof.

Diplomas awarded will be delivered and premiums paid, to the

215

person to whom the premium or gratuity is awarded, or an agent
duly authorized, on application to the Treasurer, at First National
Bank, Salem, on and after the fourth Monday of November

In all cases the reports of award of premiums and gratuities
made by the several committees and adopted by the Society shall
be final. Committees should see that the premium <-ards issued, cor-
respond with thepremiums and gratuities awarded in their reports.

No person shall be entitled to receive a premium, unless he com-
plies with the conditions on which the premiums are offered, and by
proper entry as required, gives notice of hie intention to compete
for the same ; and committees are instructed to award no premium
unless the animal or article offered is worthy.

No animal or object that is entered in one class, with one com-
mittee shall be entered in another class, except town teams, fat
cattle, working oxen, working steers, and farm horses, which may
be entered for ploughing, and milch cows, which may be entered
with a herd.

In regard to all subjects for which premiums are offered it is to
be distinctly understood that the Trustees reserve to themselves
the right of judging the quality of the animal or article offered ;
and that no premium will be awarded unless the objects of them
are of decidedly superior quality.

Pun Brnd Animals, defined by the State Board of Agriculture.

The proof that an animal is >o bred should b; a record of the an-
imal or its ancestors, as recorded in some herd book, recognized by
leading breeders and the public generally, as complete and
authentic.

Standards adopted : — American Jersey C C. Register and
American Jersey Herd Book, Ayrshire Record and Ilolslein Herd
Book.

Premiums to be Awarded at the Show-

The Committees will take notice that no premium will be awarded
unless the animals or objects are of a decidedly superior quality.

Diplomas may be awarded for animals or articles of
special merit, in all departments of the Fair.

Cattle and Other Farm Stock-

TO BE ENTERED IN THE NAME OF THEIR REAL OWNER.

All animals, to be eligible to a premium, shall have been raised
by the owner within the County, or owned by the exhibitor within
the County, four months previous to the date of Exhibition, ex-
cept Working Oxen, and Working Steers.

210

All animals, whether teams for ploughing, or animals entered
for premium or exhibition, will be fed during the Exhibition, and
longer when they are of necessity prevented from leaving, at the
■expense of the Society.

FAT CATTLE.

Fat cattle, fatted within the Countv. regard being had to man-
ner of feeding and the expense thereof, all of which shall be stated
by the exhibitor in writing, and returned to the Secretary, with
committee's report.

For Pairs of Fat Cattle, premiums, &8, 6, 3

For Fat Cows, premiums, $7, ^

BULLS.

*Ayrshire, Jersey, Short Horn, Devon, Holstein, Guernsey, or of
any other recognized breed, for each breed.

Two vears old an 1 upwards, premiums, $S, 4

Under two years, for each breed, $4, 3

Bull Calves under one year old, premium for each breed, $2

BULLS OF ANY AGE OR BREED.

For the best Bull of any age or breed, with five or his stock not
less than one year old. quality and condition to be taker, into ac-
count, and especially the adaptability of the animal to the agricul-
ture of the Countv. Diploma and §10

Note. — Competitors are required to give a written statement of pedigree, and
committees are requested to be particular in this respect, and return them to the
Secretary with report.

MILCH COWS.

For the best Milch Cow any age or breed, with atisfactory
record in quarts or pounds by her daily yield of milk for one or
m^re years, premium, $15

For Milch Cows, either Foreign. Native or Grade, not less than
four nor more than ten years old, with satisfactory evidence as to
quantity and quality of milk, either by weight or measure, during
the evening or morning of the first and last ten days of any month.
premiums, $10, 4

Milch Cows, Ayrshire, Jersey, Devon, Short Horn. Holstein,
Guernsey, or any other recognized breed, four years old and up-
wards, premiums, for each breed. $10, 4

For Native or Grade Cows, four years old and upwards, pre-
miums, $10, 4

For the Cows that make the most butter in any single week from
June 1st to Septemher loth, premiums, $10, 4

Note. — A written statement will be required of the ape and breed of all Milch
Cows entered, and time they dropped their last calf, and when they will next
calve, the kind, quality and quantity of their food during the season, and the
manner of their feeding, which statement is to be returned to the Secretary with
Committee's report.

217

HERDS OF MILCH COWS.

For herds of Milch Cows, not less than five in number, to be ex-
hibited at the Show, and a correct statement uf manner of keeping
and yield for one year preceding the show, premiums, $18, 12

For the greatest produce of milk on any farm, in proportion to

the number of cows producing it, not less' than four, from April 1

1889, to Aprd 1, 1890, statement to be made of the exchanges

made, manuer. and expense of food, use made of milk, and such

other facts as will illustrate the entire management, special regard

being had to the mode in which the account is kept, premium,

Diploma, and $15

Note-— The above mentioned statements are to be returned to the Secretary
with Committee's report. The Committee can accept statements dating from
January 1st, preceding the show.

HEIFERS.

First Class.— Ayrshire, Jersey, Short Horn, Devon, Holstein,

Guernsey, or any other recognized breed, under four years old, in

milk, premiums, for each breed, £9, 6

Two year olds of each breed, that have never calved, premiums,

$5, 4
One year olds of each breed, premiums, $5, 4

Heifer Calves, under one year, premiums for each breed. 85, 4
Second Class.— [Native or Grade Milch, under four vears
old. premiums, '$Q f3

Two year olds, that have never calved, premiums, $5, 4

One year olds and less than two, premiums, §5, 4

Heifer calves, Native or Grade, under oue year old premiums,

$5, 4

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

Stags excluded. For pairs of Working Oxen under eight and not
less than five years old, taking into view their size, power, quality
and training, premiums, $12, 10, 8

For pairs of Working Steers, four years old, to,be entered in the
name of the owner, premiums, £10, 6

note.— The Committee are required to consider the quality and shape of the
cattle as well as their working capacity. The training of working oxen and
steers will be tested by trial on a cart or wagon containing a load weighing two
tons for oxen, and 3000 pounds for steers. t^*At the time of entry a certificate
Of the weight of the cattle must be tiled with the Secretary.

TOWN TEAMS.

For Town Teams of' Oxen, ten yoke or more in a team, pre-
miums, $26 12

For Town Teams of Horses, ten or more pairs in a' team, pre-
miums, $20, 12

218

STEERS.

For pairs of three year old Steers, broken to the yoke, pre-
miums, $8, 6
For pairs of twojear old Steers, premiums, $6, 5
For pairs of yearling Steers, premiums, $5, 4
For pairs of Steer Calves, premiums, $4, 2

STALLIONS.

First Class. — For Stallions for Farm and Draft purposes, four

years old and upwards, diploma or premiums, $10, 6, 4

For Stallions for Farm and Draft purposes, three years old,

premiums, $8, 5

For best Stallion of any age, and five colts of his stock, not less

than one year old, quality and condition to be taken into account,

Diploma and $15

Second Class.— For Stallions for Driving purposes, four

years old and upwards, premiums, $10, 6, 4

For Stallions for Driving purposes, three years old, premiums,

$8, 5

For best Stallion of any age and five colts of his stock, not less

than one year old, quality and condition to be taken into account,

Dip loma and $15

Note.— No Stallion will be entitled to a premium unless free from all apparent
defects capable of being; transmitted. All Stallions entered in either class must
have been owned by the exhibitor four months previous to the exhibition.

BROOD MARES.

First Class.— For Brood Mares for Farm and Draft Purposes,

with their foal not more than eight months old, by their fide,

premiums, $10, 6, 4

Second Class. — For Brood Mares for Driving Purposes, with

their foal not more than eight mouths old by their side, premiums,

$10, 6, 4
Note.— No brood mare will be entitled to a premium unless free from all ap-
parent defects capable of being transmitted.

FAMILY HORSES.

For Family Horses, premiums. $10. 6, 4

Note.— No horse will receive a premium unless free from all unsoundness.

GENTLEMEN'S DRIVING HORSES.

For Gentlemen's Driving Horses, premiums, $10, 6, 4

FARM HORSES.

For Farm Horses, weighing 1200 lbs. and over, premiums,

$10, 6, 4
For Farm Horses weighing less than 1200 lbs. premiums, $10, 6, 4

2 19

Note.— No horse will be allowed except tbose actually used on farms, whether
the owner has a farm or not. The weight of load to be' used in trial of Farm
Horses is to be fixed upon by the committee of arrangements for drafting, the
-difference in the load for horses of 1200 lbs. and over, and those under 1200 lbs.
to be 1000 lbs., and between the two cl.iM-es of pairs 2000 lbs. No obstruction
shall be placed either before or behind the wheels in trials of Draft horses of
either class. If this rule is not compli. d with the premiums shall be withheld.

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES.

First Class.— For pairs of Farm Horses, weighing 2500 lbs.
and upwards, (see above note) premiums. $10, 8

Second Class. — For pairs of Farm Horses, weighing less than
2500 lbs. (see above note) premiums. S10, S

COLTS FOR DRAFT PURPOSES

First Class —For Mare or Gelding four year old Colts, pre-
miums. §8, 5, 3

For Mare or Gelding three year old Colts, premiums, §6, 3

Skcond Class. — For Stallion. Gelding, or Maie, two year old
Colts, premiums, 'jfc-8. 5, 3

For Stallion, Gelding or Mare, yearling Colts, premiums, $5, 3

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES.

First Class.— For Mare or Gelding four year old Colts, pre-
miums, $8, 5, 3

For Mare or Gelding three year old Colts, premiums. §6. 3

Second Class. — For Stallion, Gelding or Mare, two yeir old
Colts, premiums, $S, 5, 3

For Stallion, Geldiug or Mare yearling Colts, premiums. #5, 3

SWINE.

First Class. — Large breeds, viz: Cheshire, Berkshire, Ches-
ter County White, Poland China, Lar^e Yorkshire, and any other
breed or grade weighing more than 300 lbs. at maturity.

For Boars, premiums, 88, 5

For Breeding Sows, with their pigs by their side, premiums,

$8. 5

For Litters of Weaned Pigs, not less than four, between two
and four mouths old, premiums, $8, 5

Second Class.— Small breeds, si ch as Suffolk, Essex. Small
Yorkshire, China, and any other breed or <riade weighing less than
300 lbs. at maturity.

For Boars premiums. §8, 5

For Breeding Sows, with their pigs by their side, premiums,

$8, 5

For Litters of Weaned Pigs, not less than four, between two and
four months old, premiums, $8, 5

SHEEP.

For flocks of sheep not less than ten in number, premiums,

810, 0.

220

For best Buck, premium, $8

For lots of Lambs, not less than four in number, between four

and twelve months old, premiums, 86, 4

POULTRY.

For pairs of Fowls, Light Brahmas, Dark Btahmas. Buff
Cochins, Partridge Cochins, Black C<>ehins, White Cochins, Ply-
mouth Rocks, Dominiques, White Leghorns, Brown Leghorns,
Dominique Leghorns, Black Spanish, Hamburgs, Polish, Games,
Dorking, Bantams, Black, White, and Mottled Javas, Wyandottes,
White Wyandottes, Andalusian, Erminet, Langshangs. and Friz-
zle, aud other recogaizjd varieties, each variety, premiums, $2, 1

For pairs of Chickens of above varieties, premiums, $2, 1

For the best breeding pen of each variety — Diploma of the So-
ciety.

For the best pairs of Native Fowls, premiums, §2, 1

Pairs can be exhibited in "breeding pens," by marking the com-
peting female (witti a ribbon on colored string), which, with the
male will form the pair.

For lots of Turkeys, and Aylesbury, Rouen, Caouga, Pekin,
White and Colored Muscovey, and Brazilian Ducks, and Toulouse,
Emden, Brown China, and African Geese, premiums, $2, 1

For ten or more Fowls exhibited, whether thoroughbreds,
crossed or mixed, with an account for one year, showing cost aud
method of keeping, production and profit, premiums. $8, 6, 5

As above, with an account for six months, premiums, $5. 3, 2

For the best pair of dressed Fowls, Chickens, Ducks, and Geese,
weight to be given, premium for each pair, $2

For the best 12 Eggs from Asiatic, American, Game, French
and bpanish classes (Hamburgs, Polish, Dorkings to compete in
the Spanish class), premium fur each class, 81

Any exhibitor interfering with the Judges in the discharge of
their duties or interfering with, or handling any bpecimen on exhi-
bition, other than his own, shall forfeit all claim he may have in
the premium list.

All breeds exhibited separately aud to be julged,by the rules of
the '•American Standard of Excellence.''

For best exhibit of Poultry Appliances, So

PLOUGHING.

General Note on Ploughing.— Stags are excluded. Teams must be entered
in the names of their owners, and only double ox-tearus to have drivers. A team
consisting of one pair of oxen and a horse will be considered a double team.
The owners of separate teams may unite the same and be allowed to compete for
premiums. The ploughmen and drivers must have been residents of the County
at least three months before the exhibition. Those who intend to be competitors
must give notice to reach the Secretary on or before Saturday previous to the
show. The lands will be staked, but earh ploughman will be required to strike
out his own lands in the presence of the '•Committee on Striking out Grounds
for Ploughing, " after half past nine o'clock on the morning of the trial.
Ploughmen with land side ploughs are to back furrow three furrows on each side
of the stakes set, the last furrow to be of the depth required in the class.
Ploughmen with swivel ploughs to turn the outside of their furrow to the stakes
on one side, and to finish one foot from the stake on the other. Committees to
note and report the kind of plough used.

221

Ploughing with Double Teams.— One-eighth of an acre, at
least eiizht inches deep, premiums, 810, 8, 6

Ploughing with Single Teams.— One-eighth of an acre, at
least six inches deep, premiums, 810, 8, 5

Ploughing with Horses —With any form of Plough, ex-
cept Swivel, one-eighth of an acre, at least six inches deep, pre-
miums, $19, 7, 5

Ploughing with Three Horses. — One-eighth of an acre,
eight inches deep, without driver, premium, 810

Same with four horses, with driver, premium, S10

Ploughing with Swivel Plough— One-eighth of an acre
with double ox-teams at least eight inches deep, premiums, S10, 8

Same with single ox-teams, at least six inches deep, pre-
miums, $10, 8

Same with Horse teams, consisting of two horses, ploughing at
least six inches deep, premiums, 810, 8

Ploughing— Sulky Plough — For the best performances,
taking into account ease of draft, amount and quality of work,
premiums, SlO, 8

HARROWS.

For the best Harrow exhibited and its merits shown by actual
test upon the ploughed ground, 810, 8

Note.— Entry must be mide with the Secretary before the day of the trial
with description of Harrow.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

For the best collection of Implements and Machines (no article
offered in collection will be entitled to a separate premium).

Diploma and 810
Best Market Wagon, premium, 85

Best Farm Wagon, for one or two horses, premium, S3

Best Horse Cart, premium, So

Best Hay. Straw, or Corn Cutter, premium, 81.50

Best Ox Yi'ke, complete, premium, Si. 50

Best Fruit Evaporator, with sample of work, premium. 8^

Best set of Horse Shoes, including those for over-reaching, in-
terfering, and stumbling horses, premium, 85
For implements not specified above, the Committee may at their
discretion award $40.

No premium or gratuity will be awarded for any Mower, Horse
Rake, Tedder, or other Machine or Implement, the merit of which
can be known only by actual trial in the field ; but manufacturers
are invited to offer the same for exhibition and inspection.

CARRIAGES.

For carriages built in the County, and exhibited by the manufac-
turer, Diploma, aud thirty dollars in gratuities, may be awarded
by the Committee.

222

In Exhibition Hall.

Committees on articles exhibited in the hall should he especially
careful that the premium or gratuity cards issued with the names,
and sums awarded them, correspond with those in their reports to
the Society.

Committees and Exhibitors will be governed by instructions, un-
der heading of " Duties of Committee,'' "General Rules," "Pre-
miums to be awarded at the Show." see first pages, and under
''Fruit," ''Domestic Manufactures," and "Flowers."

ggjf^All Fruit, Flowers, Vegetables, and Domestic Manufactures,
must be the Product of Essex County, to be entitled to a premium
or Gratuity.

DAIRY.

For specimens of Butter made on any farm within the County
the present year, samples of not less than five pounds to be exhib-
ited, with a full account of the process of making and management
of the Butter, premiums, $S, 6, 4

For specimens of New Milk Cheese, made on any farm in the
County the present year, samples of not less than fifty pounds to be
exhibited, with statement in writing of the method of making and
preserving the same, premiums. $8, 6, 4

Note.— Each lot presented for premium and the statement accompaning it,
must be numbered, but not marked so as to indicate the claimant ; any public or
known mark must be completely concealed; nor must the competitors be present
at the examination.

To the person who shall furnish to the Society satisfactory evi-
dence of the greatest quantity of Butter made from any quantity
of milk, being the whole produce of any single cow, for the first
week of June, July, August and September next, stating the whole
amount of Butter produced in each week, also the time when the
cow dropped her last calf, and her feed and manage-
ment all to be taken into account in making the award, premiums,

Diploma and $10, 5

Note.— The object in offering these last premiums is to elicit inquiry as to the
value and quality of milk for the production of butter. As far as practicable it
is desirable that* the race and pedigree of the cow shall be given.

BREAD AND CANNED FRUIT.

For White Bread made of Wheat flour, premiums, $3. 2, 1

For bread made from Graham flour, premiums, $2, 1

For bread imde from other grains, or other grains mixed with
wheat, premiums, 81.50, 1

All bread, entered for premiums, to be in loaves weighing not
less than one pound each, and to be not less than twenty -four
hours old. with a full written statement over the signature and ad-
dress of the maker, stating the kind of flour used, quantity of each
ingredient, how mixed, and length of time kneaded|and raised, and
how long baked, which statements on all premium bread are to be
sent to the Secretary with report of the Committee . for publication.

223

For first and second best collection of Pickles, Preserved Fruits,
and Jellies, made from products of the County, when premiums are
awarded, the method of making to be sent to 'the Secretary by the
Committee, for publication., premiums, $3, 2

For the first and second best five pounds of Dried Apples,
grown and dried within the County, with statements of process
used and amount of labor and time required in preparing and dry-
ing, such statement on premium fruit to be given to the Secretary for
publication, premiums, $3, 2

In addition to the above, are placed in the hands of the Commit-
tee for gratuities on other articles entered in this department,
products of this County deemed worthy. $5

BEES, HIVES, AND HONEY.

For first and second best display of Bees, Hives and Apiarian
Implements, accompanied with a written description of the bees,
hives, etc., number of hives in use and amount of surplus honey
taken from them during the season, premiums, $5, 3

First and second best Honey, ten pounds in comb and one
pouud of same extracted, made in the County, with statement
signed of kind of bees and hive, and time of year when honey was
made, premiums, S3, 2

Fruit.

All fruit must be entered in the name of the grower before 11
o'clock on the first day of the exhibition, and each exhibitor must
certify to the same on the Entry Book, or on lists of the varieties
of each class of fruit, or be filed when entry is made. (Committees
are not authorized to make awards to those who do not comply
with this rule.)

Tables will be labelled in a conspicitous manner by the hall com-
mittee before the entry of exhibitors, with the names of fruit, for
which premiums are offered, all others of same class of fruit to be
labelled miscellaneous. Exhibitors must place their several varie-
ties of each class of fruit where indicated by such labels, or be con-
sidered by the committee as not competing for premium.

Plates of collections of fruit, when premiums are offered there-
for, must be entered and placed by the exhibitor on the table as-
signed for the exhibit of collections of fruit.

To entitle exhibitors to receive premiums and gratuities
awarded, they are required (when requested by the committee) to
give information in regard to the culture of their fruit.

PEARS.

For best twelve specimen of the following varieties, which are
recommended for cultivation in Essex County: Bartlett, Belle
Lucrative, Bosc, Anjou, Angouleme, Dana's Hovey, Lawrence,
Louise Bonne, Onondaga, Paradise d'Automue, Seckle, Sheldon,

224

Urbaniste, Vicar, Cornice, Howell, and Clairgeau, each, premium',.

S3.

Doyenne d'Ete, Giffbrd and Clapp's Favorite (ripening early),
are recommended for cultivation, but no premium is offered.

For each dish of twelve best specimens of any other varieties,
deemed worthy by the committee, premium, $1.50

For best collection of Pears, recommended for cultivation, pre-
mium, $6-

In addition to the above, are placed at the disposal of the com-
mittee, to be awarded in gratuities of not less than SI each, $20

APPLES.

For best twelve specimens of the following varieties, which are
recommended for cultivation in Essex County : Baldwin. Danvers
Sweet, Tompkins King, Granite Beauty, Red Eusset, Tolman's
Sweet, Baily Sweet, Drap d'Or, Hubbardston, Hurlburt, Porter,
Pickman Pippen, Roxbury Russet, Rhode Island Greening, Sweet
Baldwin, Gravenstein, Hunt Russet, Smith's Cider, Snow, pre-
mium for each, " $3

Red Astrachan, William's Favorite, Tetofsky and Sweet Bough
are recommended for cultivation, and no premium is offered (ripen-
ing early).

For best twelve specimens of any other varieties deemed worthy
by the committee, premium for each variety, SI 50

For best collection of Apples, recommended for cultivation, pre-
mium, so

For best twenty-four specimens of any variety of Crab Apple
deemed worthy by the committee, $1.50

In addition, are placed at the disposal of the committee, to be
awarded in gratuities of not less than $1 each, $20

PEACHES, GRAPES, AND ASSORTED FRUITS.

For best nine specimens of Freestone, White Flesh, Yellow
Flesh, Essex Coujty Seedling, each variety, S2

For best collection of Peaches, premium, $3

For best four bunches of Concord, Worden's Seedling, Brighton,
Hartford Prolific, Delaware, Martha, Mjhv's Early, Niagara,
Grapes, each variety, premium. S3

For Cold House Grapes, produced with not over one mouth's ar-
tificial heat, premiums, $4, 3

For best collection of ten varieties, not less th in ten poun Is in
all, premium, $7

For best specimens of four bunches of Grapes, varieties other
than above, deemed worthy by the committee, premium, $1.50

For baskets of Assorted Fruits, nreminms, $4. 3

In addition, are placed at the disposal of the committee, to be
awarded in gratuities of not less than 50 cents each, $25

PLANTS AND FLOWERS.

RULES AND REGULATIONS.

1. All Plants and Flowers for competition and exhibition'must

225

he entered for examination by the Committee on or before eleven
o'clock, on the first day of the Fair, and all such Plants and
Flowers must have been grown by the competitor, except native
plants and flowers, and flowers used in bouquets, and baskets of
flowers and floral desigus, all of which (plants and flowers), must
have been grown within the County.

2. When a certain number or quantity of Plants and Flowers is
designated in the schedule, there must be neither more nor less
than°thut number or quantity of specimens shown.

3. When only one premium from each exhibitor is offered for
any article, only a single specimen or collection can compete, but
when a second or third premium is offered, one. two or three speci-
mens or collections may be .exhibited for competition, but no varie-
ty can be duplicated.

' 4. No premium shall be awarded unless the specimens exhibited
are of superior excellence, possessing points of superiority and
worthy of such premium, not even if they are the only ones of
their kind on exhibition.

5. No specimen entered for one premium shall be admitted in
competition for another different premium.

6. Competitors will be required to furnish information (if the
committer so request), as to their modes of cultivation, or in the
case of Native Plants and Flowers, where such were found.

7. All Plants exhibited for premiums must have the name legi-
hlv and correctly written on stiff card, wood or some other perma-
nent and suitable substance, and so attached to same as to be easi-
ly seen. Flowers when specified to be named to comply also with
above rule.

8. Plants in Pots to be entitled to premiums must show skilful
culture in the profusion of bloom and in the beauty, symmetry and
vigor of the specimens ; also Bouquets, Baskets, Design work, etc.,
must show taste, skill, and harmony in arrangement, both as to
colors and the material they are made of, and purposes for which
they are intended.

9. All flowers exhibited must be shown upon their own stem,
flowers in "Design" work alone excepted; and this exception if
overcome and avoided, to be taken into account by the committee
in awarding the premiums.

10. The Committee are authorized to award gratuities for any
new and rare plants and flowers or ''Designs" of merit for which
no premium is offered, but in no case shall the total sum (pre-
miums and gratuities together), exceed the amount. £150. 00, limi-
ted by the Society for this department.

11. No member of the Committee for awarding premiums or
gratuities shall in any case vote or decide respecting an award for
which such member may be a competitor, or in which he may
have an interest, but in such case such member shall temporarily
vacate his place upon the Committee, and such vacancy for the
time being may be rilled by the remaining members of the Commit-
tee, or they may act without.

12. Attention is again called to above Rules and Regulations
for Plants and Flowers, and General Rules of the Society, and all
articles not entered in conformity therewith will be disqualified,
and premiums will be awarded only to exhibitors who have com-
plied with said Rules, etc.

226

PLANTS.

Plants competing for these premiums must have been grown iu
pots, Native Plants excepted, etc. See Rules.

For collections Flowering aud Ornamental Foliage Plants, at
least 25 t-pecimeus, premiums, $10, 5

For collection Palms, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties, pre-
mium, 81
For collection Ferns (cultivated), at least 5 specimens, 5 varie-
ties, premium, SI
For collection Dracenas, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties, pre-
mium, $1
For collection Crotons, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties, pre-
mium, 81
Fur collection Fancy Caladiums, at least 5 specimens, 5 varie-
ties, premium, SI
For collection Gloxinias, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties, pre-
mium, $1
For collection Begonias, tuberous rooted, at least 5 specimens, 5
varieties, premium, 81
For collection Begonias, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, $1
For collection Coleus, 10 specimens, 10 varieties, premium, 81
For collection Fuchsias, 5 specimens, varieties, premium, 81
For collection Cyclamen, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, 81
For collection Geraniums, double, 10 specimens, 10 varieties,
premium. 81
For collection Geraniums, single, 10 specimens, 10 varieties,
premium, $1
For collection Geranium?, fancy, 10 specimens, at least 5 varie-
ties, premium, $1
For collection Hibiscus, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, $1
For collection Carnation Pinks, 10 specimens, at least 5 varie-
ties, premium, ftl
For collection Calla Lilies, 5 specimens, premium, $1
For specimen English Ivy, premium, . $1
For collection of wood of native trees in sections, suitable for ex-
hibition, showing bark and the grain of the wood, all correctly
named with botanical and common name, at least 50 varieties,
each variety to be shown in two sections, one of which to be a
cross section and neither to be more than four inches in length or
diameter, premiums, #5, 3

FLOWERS.

For collection of Cut Flowers, cultivated, 100 specimens, at least
50 varieties, named, $5 3

For collection of Cut Flowers, native, 100 specimens, at least 50
varieties, named, #5, 3

For pair of Bouquets, for vases, green-house flowers, pre-
miums, $2, 1

For pair of Hand Bouquets, green-house flowers, premiums, £2, 1

For pair of Bouquets, for vases, of native flowers, premiums, $2, 1

For pair of Bouquets, for vases, of garden flowers, pre-
miums, s2, 1

For Basket of green-house flowers, premiums, 82, 1

227

For Basket of Native Flowers, premiums, 82, 1

For Basket of Garden Flowers, premiums, $2, 1

For arraugement of Native Flowers and Autumn Leaves pre-
miums, . JJi J
For Floral Designs, choice cultivated flowers, premiums, JJ5, 3
For Floral Designs, native flowers, premiums, $3, 2
For collections Japan Lilies, hardy, named, premiums, S3, 2
For collections Phlox, hardy perennial, named, premiums, 82, 1
For collections Pansies. at least 50 specimens, neatly and artis-
tically arranged, premiums, $2, 1
For collections of Native and Introduced Weeds, with common
and botanical name attached, premiums, S3, 2
For twelve Dahlias, large flowering, at least six varieties, named,
premium, ?1
For twelve Dahlias, Pompon or Lilliputian, at least six vane-
ties, named, premium, SI
For twelve Dahlias, single, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, *1
For twelve Petunias, double, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, *■*■
For twelve Gladiolus (spikes), at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, . fl
For twelve Japan Lilies, at least six varieties, named, prem., si
For twelve Geraniums, double, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, "1
For twelve Geraniums, single, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, ."1
For twelve Phlox, hardy perennial, at least six varieties,
named, premium, SI
For twelve Cannas, at least six varieties, named, premium, $1
For twenty-tour Carnation Pinks, at least six varieties, named,
premium, SI
For twenty-four Verbenas, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, wl
For twenty-tour Roses, at least six varieties, named, premium, $1
For twenty-four Garden Annuals, at least twelve varieties,
named, premium, sl
For twelve Calendulas, at least two varieties, named, prem., SI
For twelve Asters, Double Victoria, premium, SI
For twelve Asters, Double, Truft'aut's Peony flowered, prem., SI
For twelve Asters, Pompone, premium, si
For twelve Phlox, Drummondii, in variety, premium.
For twelve Nasturtiums, at least six varieties, premium, SI
For twenty-four Pansies, in variety, premium, si
For twenty-tour Zinnias, double in variety, premium, si
For twenty-lour Marigolds, African, in variety, premium, SI
For twenty-four Marigolds, Dwarf French, in variety, prem., si
For twenty-four Petunias, single, in variety, premium, Si
For display ol Coxcombs, in variety, premium, si
For twelve Scabiosas, in variety, premium, si
For twelve Delphiniums, in variety, premium, si
For twelve Dianthus (double, annual), in variety, premium, si
For twelve Salpigl0S8i8, in variety, premium, si
For collection of Sweet Peas, premium, • si

228

VEGETABLES.

Hales for Fnnt apply to Vegetables.

Beets —For best twelve specimens, Eclipse, Dewing, and Ed-
mands, premiums, each variety, S3

Carrots — For best twelve, short top, long Orange and Danvers
Intermediate, premium, each variety, S3

For best twelve, Short Horn Orange carrots, premium, S3

Mangold Wurtzelg— For best six specimens, premium, §3

Flat Turnips — Twelve specimens. For best Purple Top and
White Flat, premium, each variety, $3

Ruta Bagas — Twelve specimens. For best Yellow and White,
premium, each variety, $3

Parsnips — For the best twelve specimens, premium, $3

Onions — One peck. For best Danvers, Yellow Flat, and Red,
premium, each variety, S3

Potatoes— One peck. For best Early Rose, Beauty of Hebron,
■Clark's No. 1, Pearl of Savoy, Early Maine, premium, each
variety. S3

Cabbages — For best three specimens. Savoy, Fottler's Drum-
head. Stone Mason Drumhead, Red Cabbage, All Seasons, Deep
Head, each variety, premium, $3

For next best, each variety, premium, S2

Cauliflowers — For best three specimens, premium, £3

For next best, premium, $2

Celery — For best four roots, premium, S2

Sweet Corn — For twelve ears ripest and best Early, premium, S3
For best twelve ears in milk, Late, premium, S3

Squashes — For best three specimens, Marrow, American Tur-
ban, Hubbard, Marblehead, Essex Hybrid, Bay State, Sibley, But-
man. each variety, premium, S3

Melons — For best three specimens, Nutmeg, Musk, Cassaba,
Salmon Flesh, each variety, premium, s2

For best two specimens Watermelons, premium, s2

Tomatoes — For best twelve specimens, Acme, Emery, Cardinal,
Essex Hybrid, Livingston, or any other variety, each variety, pre-
miums, • S3
For exhibition of greatest variety of Tomatoes, premium, S3
Cranberries — For pecks of cultivated, premiums, S3, 2, 1
For collection of vegetables, not less than three of a kind, pre-
miums, S8, 6, 4, 2
Placed at the disposal of the committee for whatever appears
meritorious, S30

jgg^No competitor for premium to exhibit more or less number
of specimens of any vegetables than the premiums are offered for.

o Collections of Vegetables where premiums are offered for a number of varieties
must be entered and placed, not less than three of a kind, by themselves on the
tables assigned for collections. No collection shall receive but one premium.
Specimens of any varieties in such collections are not to compete with specimens
of the same variety placed elsewhere. Exhibitors of such collections however, are
not prevented from exhibiting additional specimens of any variety with and in
competition with like variety. All vegetables must be entered in the name of the
grower of them.

Size of Vegetables.— .Turnip Beets to be from 3 to 5 inches in diameter ; Onions ,
2 1-2 to 4 inches in largest diameter ; Potatoes to be of good size for family use ;
Squashes to be pure and well ripened, Turban, Mai row, Hubbard, Marblehead,
each to weigh 8 to 10 lbs.

229

GRAIN AND SEED.

For best peck of Shelled Corn, Wheat, Oats, Barley, Rye, Buck-
wheat, and Field Beans, each, premium, $1
For 25 ears of Field Corn, premiums, §5. 3, 2
For 25 ears of Fop Corn, premiums, $3, 2
For collections of Field and Garden Seeds, premiums, $8, 6, 4, 2
All grain or seed must have been grown by the exhibitor in the
County to receive premium.

Domestic Manufactures-

Contributors must deposit their articles at the Hall before 11
o'clock on the first day of the Exhibition. Articles not thus depos-
ited will not be entitled to a premium. Gratuities will be awarded for
articles of special merit for which no premium is offered ; but no
premium or gratuity will be awarded for any article manufactured
out of the County, or previous to the last exhibition of the Society.

COUNTERPANES AND AFGHANS.

For Wrought Counterpanes having regard to the quality and ex-
pense of the material, premiums, $4, 2

Gratuities will be awarded for articles belonging to this depart-
ment, the whole amount of gratuities not to exceed, $25

CARPETINGS AND RUGS.

For Carpets, having regard to the quality and expense of the
material, premiums, $4, 2

For Wrought Hearth Rug, having regard both to the quality of
the Avork and expense of the materials, premiums, $3, 2

Gratuities will be awarded for articles belonging to this depart-
ment, the whole amount not to exceed $25

ARTICLES MANUFACTURED FROM LEATHER.

For best pair hand made and machine made Men's Boots,
Women's do., Children's do., each, premium, $2

Best Team, Carriage, and Express Harness, each, premium, $5

$10 are placed at the disposal of this committee, to be awarded
in gratuities.

For the best exhibitions of Boots and Shoes, manufactured in
the County, each, premium, Diploma of the Society.

MANUFACTURES AND GENERAL MERCHANDISE.

For displays of Bonnets, premiums, ' $4, 3

For Horn Combs, not less than one dozen, premium, $2

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be

awarded in gratuities not exceeding $3 in any one gratuity, $2Q

2 3°

FANCY WORK

Of Domestic Manufacture not included in the above.

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to he
awarded in gratuities not exceeding $3 in any one gratuity, $50

WORKS OF ART.

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be
awarded in gratuities not exceeding $3 in any one gratuity, $50

WORK BY CHILDREN .

For specimens of work performed by children under 12 years of

age exhibiting industry and ingenuity, premiums, $3, 2

At disposal of committee to be awarded in gratuities, $10

List of Premiums to be Awarded by the
Trustees in November.

FARMS.

Any person desirous of haviug his farm inspected, without enter-
ing it for premium, may make application to the Secretary, and it
will be viewed and reported upon by the committee.

For the best conducted and most improved farm, taking into
view the entire management and cultivation, including lauds,
buildings, fences, orchards, crops, stock, and all other appendages,
with statements in detail, relating thereto, premium, $30

IMPROVING WET MEADOW AND SWAMP LANDS.

For best conducted experiments relating to wet meadow or
swamp lands, on not less than one acre, the course of management,
and the produce, etc., for a period of two years at least, to be de-
tailed, with a statement of all the incidental expenses, pre-
miums, $15, 10

Note.— The Committee is instructed to ascertain how many, if any, reclaimed
swamps in this County have been abandoned or have returned to natural grasses.
Persons knowing of such are requested to notify the Secretary or Committee.

IMPROVING PASTURE AND WASTE LANDS.

For best conducted experiments in renovating and improving
pasture land, other than by ploughing, so as to add to their value
for pasturage, with a statement of the same, premiums, $15, 10

For best conducted experiments renovating and improving
waste lands, so as to add to their agricultural value, with statement
of the same, premiums, $15, 10

231

No premium to be awarded to any person for a repetition of an
experiment in meadow, swamp or pasture lands, for which he has
already received a premium.

UNDER-DRAINING LAND.

For best conducted experiments in under-draining land, regard
being had to the variety of soil, sub-soil, and other local cireuni-g
stances, premiums, £15, 1

Note. — The same instructions under "Improving Wet Meadow and Swamp
Lands" apply to this Committee.

MANURES.

For most exact and satisfactory experiments, in the preparation
and application of manures, whether animal, vegetable or mineral,
premiums, $16, 10

COMPARATIVE VALUE OF CROPS AS FOOD FOR

CATTLE.

For most satisfactory experiments upon a stock of cattle, not
less than four in number, in ascertaining the relative value of
different kinds of fodder used in feeding stock for milk and other
purposes, with a statement in detail of the quantity and value of
the same, as compared with English hay, premium, $25

FATTENING CATTLE AND SWINE.

For most satisfactory experiments in Fattening Cattle or Swine,
with a statement in detail of the process and result, pre-
miums, $10, 5

GRAIN AND OTHER FRUITS.

Claimants on Grain and Root Crops will be required to state the
size of the piece of land, when they enter, and conform to the fol-
lowing rules : Entries of Grain Crops to be made on or before
September 10th; Root Crops on or be tore October 10; giving am-
ple time for the crops to be examined by the committee before har-
vesting. Statement to be made in conformity with the following
form, must be forwarded to the Committee previous to November
1st.

All calculations and figures given in reports of, and statements
of Crops are to be made on the basis of an acre, results in all cases,
to be given at the rate per acre.

In pursuance of authority delegated to the Board of Agriculture
by Chap. 24 of Acts, 1862, Agricultural Societies receiving the
bounty of the State are required to make use of the following
form, and be governed by its conditions in the mode of ascertain-
ing the amount of crops entered for premium.

Essex Acmucultura l Society.— Statement concerning a

crop of , raised by Mr. , in the town of ,

, 1890.

Whit was the crop of 18S8 ? What manure was used and how
much? What was the crop of 18S9 ? What manure, was used and
how much ? What is the nature of the soil V When, and how

232

miny limes ploughed, anl how deep? What other preparation
for the seed ? Cost of ploughing and other preparation ?
Amount ol manure, iu loads of thirty bushels, and how applied?

"Value of manure upon the {.-round ? (What amount of Commer-
cial Fertilizer used ? How used? Value of same when applied ?)
When and how planted ? The amount and kind of seal? Cost
of seed and planting? How cultivated, and how many limes?
Cost of cultivation, including weeding and thinning ? Time and
manner of harvesting ? Cost of harvesting, including the storing
and husking or threshing ? Amount of crop, etc. Signed by
Competitor.

The committee, to whom is entrusted the award of the premiums
on field crops, may award them according to their judgment, but
for the purpose of furnishing accurate statistics for the benefit of
agriculture, shall select certain of the crops, and require the
owners therof to measure the land and weigh the crops accurately,
giving to the committee a certificate of the same, and give all
possible information thereon over their own signatures, and return
the same to the Secretary of the Society, to be published in the
annual transactions.

In ascertaining the amount of crop, auy vessel may be used
and the weight of its contents once, multiplied by the number of
times it is filled by the crop.

In measuring the land or weighing crops, any competent person
may be employed, whether a sworn surveyor or not, and must
give certificate.

The certificate shall state the weight of all crops only in a mer-
chantable state.

In ascertaining the amount of a hay crop entered for premium,
the measurement of the hay in the barn may be employed.

Rules of Measure Practiced axd Adopted by the
State Board of Agriculture.

Wheat, Potatoes, S.igar Beets, Ruta Bagas, Mangold Wurtzels,

GO lbs. to bush,
White Beans and Peas, 62 " "

Coin, Rye, 50 " "

Oats, 32 "

Barley. Buckwheat, 48 " •'

Cracked Corn. Corn and Rye, and other meal,

except Oat, 50 '; "

Parsnips, Carrots, 55 " "

Onions. 52 " "

1. For the best conducted experiments of Rye, not less than
twenty bushels to the acre, fifty-six pounds to the bushel, on not
less than one acre, premiums, $10, 5

2. For best conducted experiments of Wheat, not le^s than
thirty bushels to the acre, sixty pounds to the bushel, on not less
than one acre, premiums, $10, 5

.'. For best conducted experiments of Oats, not less than fifty
bushels to the acre, thirty tAO pounds to the bushel, on not less
than one acre, premiums, $10, 5

4. For best conducted experiments of Barley, not less than for-
ty bushels to the acre, forty-eight pounds to the bushel, on not less
than one acre, premiums. $10, 5

5. For best conducted experiments of Indian Corn, on not less
than one acre, premiums, .<10, 5

6. For largest quantity and best quality of English Hay, on not
less than one acre, regard being had to the mode and cost of culti-
vation, premiums, .^10, o

7. For best yield of Field Beans, on not less than one-half acre,
and not less than twenty-five bushels per acre, premiums, £10, 5

ROOT CROPS.

1. For best conducted experiments in raising Carrots, fifty-five
pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

2. For best conducted experiments in raising Parsnips, fiftv-five
pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

3. For best conducted experiments in raising Ruta Bagas. sixty
pounds to the bushel, premiums. $10, 5

4. For best conducted experiments in raising Mangold Wurt-
zels, sixty pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

5. For best conducted experiments in raising Sugar Beets, sixty
pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

0. For best conducted experiments in raising Onions, fifty-two
pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

7. Fur best conducted experiments in raising Potatoes, sixty
pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

8. For best conducted experiments in raising Cabbages, pre-
miums, $10, 5

9. For best conducted experiments in raising Squashes, pre-
miums, $10, 5

10. For best conducted experiments in raising Summer English
Turnips for the market, premiums, $10, 5

Raised on not less than half an acre, and the quantity of crop to
be ascertained by weight ; so far as practicable the crop to be free
from dirt, without tops, and in a merchantable condition at the
time of measurement.

Claimants for premiums on Grain and Boot Crops must forward
statement to chairman of committee before JVou. 1st.

FOREST TREES.

1. For plantation of either of the following species of forest
trees, viz: White Oak, Yellow Oak, Locust, Birch, White Ash,
Maple, Walnut, or White Pine, not less than three years old, and
not less than 1000 trees, premium, $20

2. For plantation of not less than 600 trees, premium, $10

3. For ornamental trees, ten or more set on any street, road or
farm, and cared for five years, premium, $10

CRANBERRIES.

For best conducted experiment in the cultivation of the Cran-
berry, at least two summers, on not lees than twenty rods of land,
with written statemeut of the quantity and quality of the land, ex-
pense of planting, weeding and culture, and amount of crops pro-
duced. Premium to be paid in lS90orlS!)l. ■ $15

For best experiment do., on not less than ten rods of laud, pre-
mium, $10

For best do., on not less than five rods of land, premium, $fl

234

STRAWBERRIES AND OTHER SMALL FRUITS.

DJ -

For best crop of Strawberries, on not less tban twenty rods of
land, expense of planting, culture, crop, etc., stated in writing,
premium, $10

For beat crop of Currants, Raspberries and Blackberries, with
statement as above, premiums, each, $10

NEW WINTER APPLES.

For a new variety of Winter Apple, originated in this County,
equal or superior to the Baldwin, premium, $100

For a new variety of like character originating elsewhere, pro-
vided it has been cultivated in Ihe County sufficiently to prove it
equal or superior to the Baldwin for general purposes, pre-
mium, $20

For a successful experiment in destroying trie codling moth and
olhcr worms destructive to the apple, premium, $25

Note.— Persons who consider themselves competitors will send Post Office
address to Secretary, and others in the County wishing to compete for above
must notify Secretary, and furnish a full statement of their apple, and also
scions when called for under his directions, to he tested by the Society.

SEEDLING POTATOES AND EXPERIMENTS.

For best Seedling Potato, originating in Essex County, to equal
in yield, earliness, and quality, the Early Rose, and to surpass it in
one or more of these particulars, premium paid after three years'
trial, $25

In testing the value of a Seedling Potato, the committee are in-
structed to take sworn testimony of the cultivator with regard to
the yield, after having inspected the crop.

For the most satisfactory experiment to extend through') five
consecutive years, to settle the following facts relative to raising
potatoes: — premium, $50

1st. Will whole, medium sized Potatoes, yield better results
than pieces cut to two eyes?

2nd. What will be the result of continuously planting small-
sized potatoes of the same strain a series of years?

3rd. Difference between hilling and flat cultivation.

4th. Effect, if any, of cutting off seed ends before planting.

5th. Effects of deep and shallow planting.

6th. Raising from sprouts alone from same strain.

7th. Can potatoes having dwarf vines be^planted nearer than
others?

8th. Best distances apart for seed in the drill.

0th. To show the effect of covering the top with earth at sever-
al times after they had come up.

To be raised on not less than a half acre of land, uniform in
character, and all to receive the same kind and quality of manure
and cultivation, and to be inspected by the committee at the time
of gathering the crops.

ESSAYS AND FARM ACCOUNTS.

The Essays must be transmitted to the Secretary by the 1st of
November, with sealed envelopes containing the names of their

235

authors, respectively, which shall not be opened by the committee,
nor shall the names be known to the committee until they shall
have decided upon the merits of the Essays.

For original Essays on any subject connected with Agriculture,
in a form worthy of publication, premiums, $15, 10, 8

For best statement of Actual Farm Accounts, drawn from the
experience of the claimant, in a form worthy of publication, pre-
mium, $10

For Reports of Committees upon subjects for which premiums
are offered, premiums, £10, 8, 6

Committee— G. L. Streeter, Salem ; N. M. Hawkes, Lynn ; D. E. Safford, Ham-
ilton ; N. A. Hortou, Salem ; Geo. W. Foster, Audover ; D. W. Low, Gloucester.

LIBRARY.

Committee— Henry Wheatland. George M. Whipple.
Special Committee— Benj. P. Ware, David W. Low.

ENCOURAGING AGRICULTURAL LIBRARIES.

It shall be the duty of the Committee to communicate with such
persons in the several cities and towns in the County, as, in their
judgment, will best encourage the establishment of, or improvement
of, collections of books, pamphlets, reports, essays, newspapers,
etc., relating to agriculture, and request their aid in thus advanc-
ing the cause of agriculture, and co-operate with such persons in
promoting the object herein referred to.

Committee— Francis H. Appleton, Peabody ; Henry Wheatland, Salem ; James
J. H. Gregory, Marbleheacl.

NEW MEMBERS.

For the person who obtains the largest number of new members
fr>r the Society from any Town or City before the first day of
November next, premium, $6

Note, — Names of new members, with name of person procuring them, can be
sent as fast as obtained, to the Secretary of the Society, who will make a record
of them.

Persons paying three dollars will receive a "Certificate of Membership" which
is for life. No tines or assessments are ever imposed and members are entitled
to vote in all its transactions, with the free use of the Library and a copy of the
publication of Society's transactions each year.

Committee— Secretary, John M.iDanforth, Lynnfield.

TREADWELL FARM.

Committee— Benj. P. Ware, Marblehead ; C. C. Blunt, Andover ; B. P. Pike,
Topsfleld ; G. B. Blodgette, Rowley , George B. Bradley, Methuen ; John M.
Daniorth, Lynnfield.

AUDITORS.

Committee— J. Hardy Phippen, Salem ; Benj. P. Ware, Marblehead E. Pope
Barrett, Peabody.

FARMERS' INSTITUTES.

Committee— Benjamin P. Ware, James P. King,] C. C. Blunt, O. S. Butler,
Andrew Lane, John M. Daiiforth, Lynnfield.

236

DELEGATES.

From the Essex Agricultural Society to attend Exhibitions of
Societies, Farmers' Clubs and Fruit Growers1 Associations in
Essex County, and report any information that shall seem valua-
ble for publication.

The Secretary to be notified of time of holding their exhibition,
who will notify the chairman of Committee to assign Delegate.

COMMITTEES.

All Committees, including committees to judge of Crops, of Ex-
hibits at Fair, and of the Arrangements for the Fair, are chosen by
the Trustees at their June meeting.

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