mm
iilli^
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
AMERICAN
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
;^2i^
VOLUME XLI
Hall of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
LOGAN square
1915
:^3AZ^^
LIST OF PAPERS
BOWDITCH (F. C.)
Notes on Some South American Halticidae . . 487
(Issued October 16, 1915.)
Fall (H. C.)
A Revision of the North American Species of Pachy-
brachys ........ 291
(Issued September 27, 1915.)
Hebard (Morgan)
See Rehn and Hebard.
Merrill (J. H.)
On Some Genera of the Pimpline Ichneumonidae . 109
(Issued May 24, 1915.)
Rehn (James A. G.) and Hebard (Morgan)
Studies in American Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera). IV.
A Synopsis of the Species of the Genus Orchelimum . 11
(Issued April 12, 1915.)
Studies in American Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera). V.
A Synopsis of the Species of the Genus Conocephalus
found in North America North of Mexico . . 155
(Issued June 19, 1915.)
Studies in American Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera). VI.
A Synopsis of the Species of the Genus Conocephahis
found in America South of the Southern Border of
the United States ...... 225
(Issued July 14, 1915.)
SCHAUS (W.)
New Species of Heterocera from Tropical America . 1
(Issued February 20, 1915.)
Wilson (H. F.)
Miscellaneous Aphid Notes Chiefly from Oregon . 85
(Issued May 3, 1915.)
INDEX
The names of new genera and of new species are followed by the name of
the author.
PAGE
Abdominalis (Pachybrachys)
313, 353
aberrans (Xiphidium) 235
acronyctoides (Pucialia) Schaus 4
aeneipennis (Metriotes) Bow-
ditch 506
Afrida polyglotta Schaus 1
sceletozona Schaus 1
agile (Orchelimum) 24, 27, 29
agilis (Locusta) 15, 29
aigialus (Conocephalus) Rehn
and Hebard 164, 202
alacris (Pachybrachys) Fall 314, 366
alaskensis (Rhyssa) 142
albiapicata (Titya) Schaus. ... 6
albomaculata (Rhyssa) 142
allardi (Conocephalus) .... 161, 169
allardi (Xiphidion) 169
alticola (Pachybrachys) Fall
321,442
amabilis (Chlorhoda) Schaus . . 3
Amphorophora subterrans Wil-
son 99
analis (Pachybrachys) Fall 309, 331
Anarthropus Rehn and Hebard
159,165,216,226
angustifrons (Conocephalus)
231,260
angustifrons (Xiphidium) 260
Anisoptcra 155
Apechoncura (key to North
American species) 148
carinifrons 149
nigritarsis 1 42
Aphauropus Rehn and Hebard
226, 234, 286
Aphis art emesicola 88, 95
chrysothamni Wilson 101
frigichie 88, 95
PAGE
Aphis hermistonii Wilson .... 88, 93
lithospermii Wilson 100
oregonensis Wilson 88, 92
reticulata Wilson 88, 92
trident at ae Wilson 88, 94
aphrodite (Dii-phia) Schaus. ... 9
apicaHs (Tetragonotes) Bow-
ditch 492
apicatus (Cerichrestis) Bow-
ditch 504
aquilonis (Pachybrachys) Fall
315, 375, 480
arizonensis (Pachybrachys) 311, 344
Aq:)ema ScJiaus 5
megalopia Schaus 5
arpi (Repnoa) Schaus 9
artemesiae (Chaitophorus) .... 90
artemesiae (Microsiphum) ... 88, 90
artemesiae (Nectarophora). . . . 97
art emesicola (Aphis) 88, 95
artemesicola (Macrosiphum) 89, 96
atomarius (Pachybrachys)
319,325,413,480
atrata (Ichneumon) 128
atrata (Megarhyssa) . . 125, 126, 128
attenuatum (Xiphidium) 207
attenuatus (Conocephalus) 165, 207
autolycus (Pachybrachys) Fall
322, 458
Radius (Pachybrachys) Fall 318, 404
bajulus (Pachybrachys) . . .318, 408
barbara (Pharga) Schaus 5
bituberculatum (Xiphidium). . 13
bivit t a1 us (Pachybrachys)
322, 447, 480
blerura (Misogada) Schaus. ... 6
bolivianus (HomotjTshus) Bou-
ditch 496
VI
INDEX
bolivianus (Loxoprosopus) Boic-
ditch 499
borelli (Conocephalus). . . .233, 278
borelli (Xiphidium) 278
brachypterum (Xiphidium) . . . 269
bradleyi (Orchelinium) Rehn
and Hebard 26, 73
brevicoUis (Pachybrachys) .317, 393
brevicornis (Pachybrachys)
Fall 320,380
brevipenne (Xiphidion) 212
brevipenne (Xiphidium) . . . 177, 216
brevipemiis (Conocephalus)
162, 182, 202
brevipennis (Xiphidium). . . 182, 212
brachii (Rhinotmetus) Bowditch 490
bruneri (Orchclimum) 72
brunneus (Pachybrachys) .. 309, 335
bullatum (Orchelimum) Rehn
and Hehard 25,27,50
bullatus (Pachybrachys) Fall
313, 361, 480
bumehae (Prociphilus) 85
Caelatus (Pachybrachys)
313, 317, 392
caizanum (Xiphidium) 235
calcaratum (Orchelimiun) Rehn
and Hehard 24,27,46
calcaratus (Pachybrachys) Fall
316, 389
calidus (Pachybrachys) Fall
315, 379, 480
californicus (Pachybrachys)
Fall 316,325,437
campestre (OrcheUmum) 60
camurum (Xiphidium) 191
canadensis (Cryptosiphum) ... 90
canadensis (Microsiphum) . . .88, 90
canadensis (Megarhyssa)
125, 126, 129
canadensis (Rhyssa) 129
carbonarius (Pachybrachys)
325, 461, 480
carinifrons (Apechoneura) 149
carinifrons (Rhyssa) 149
carinipcnnis (Tctragonotes)
Bowditch 493
carolinensis (Pachybrachys) 319, 425
caudatum (Xiphidium) 191
cephalicus (Pachybrachys) Fall
319, 418
Cerichrestis apicatus Bowditch . 504
curvilinea Bowditch 505
jacobyi Bowditch 505
chacoensis (Metriotes) Bow-
ditch 507
Chaitophorus artemesiae 90
tridentatae Wilson 88, 89
chaoticus (Pachybrachys) Fall
314, 367
characteristicus (Pachybrachys)
315,375
Chlorhoda amabilis Schaus. ... 3
chrysothamni (Aphis) Wilson.. 101
cinereus (Conocephalus) . . . 230, 243
circumcmctus (Pachybrachys)
322, 449
Claphe semif unebris Schaus ... 7
clarkii (Loxoprosopus) Bow-
ditch 500
clavator (Ichneumon) 125
clavatus (Megarhyssa) 125
coloradensis (Pachybrachys)
312, 350
concinnum (OrcheUmum) . 25, 27, 60
confederatus (Pachybrachj's)
Fall 316,387
conformis (Pachybrachys). .319, 427
confusus (Pachybrachys)
316, 325, 468, 480
connexus (Pachybrachys) Fall
309, 328
Conocephalus .... 155, 159, 225, 226
(key to subgenera) 226
(key to North American
subgenera) 158
(key to North American
species) 161
(key to species of South
and Central America) . . 229
aigiakis Rehn and Hebard
164, 202
allardi 161,169
angustifrons 231, 260
attenuatus 165, 207
INDEX
Vll
Conocephalus borelli 233,278
brevipennis 162, 182, 202
cinereus 230, 243
conocephalus 155
ensiferus 199
equatorialis 232, 266
fasciatus 162, 170, 230, 248
graciUimus 162, 180
hemipterus 155
hygrophilus Rehn and Heb-
ard 164, 197
ictus 231,250
insularis 231, 256
iriodes Rehn and Hebard
231, 258
leptopterus Rehn and Heb-
ard 234,287
longipes 229,240
nemoralis 163, 189
nigropleuroides 165, 210
nigropleurum 164, 205
occidentalis 163, 191
ochrotelus Rehn and Heb-
ard 233,283
recticaudus 264
resacensis Rehn and Heb-
ard 163, 188, 232
saltans 165, 216
saltator 232,269
spartinae 165, 212
spinosus 162, 180, 230, 254
stictomenis Reh7i and Heb-
ard 164, 199
strictoides 233,285
strictus 163, 193, 231
truncatus 233,280
unicolor 232,264
versicolor 233,281
vicinus 162, 177, 230
vitticolUs 229,242
conocephalus (Conocephahis) . . 155
conocephalus (Locusta) 155
consiniilis (Pachybrachys) F(dl
322, 450
conspirator (Pachybrachys)
Fall 312,321,445
contract if rons (Pachybrachys)
Fall 314,365
convictus (Pachybrachys) Fall
311, 315, 344
coweni (Nectarophora) 97
crassus (IIomotjT)hus) Bow-
ditch 496
crassus (Pachybrachys). . . .311, 358
crevieri (Epu'hyssa) 142
croftus (Pachybrachys).. . .320,433
cruentus (Pachybrachys) . . 324, 475
cruscukmi (Orchelinium) 68
Crj'ptocentrum lineolat um .... 142
Ciyptocephakis 300
Cryptosiphum canadensis 90
curtipenne (Xiphidium) 189
ciu*vilinea (Corichrestis) Bow-
ditch 505
cuticulare (Orchelimum)
12, 16, 19, 34, 58
cuticulare (Xiphidium) 46
cyanipennis (Loxoprosopus)
Bowditch 500
cyanipennis (Zeteticus) Bow-
ditch 501
cylindricus (Pachybrachys) 316, 390
Delicatum (Orchelimum) 60
delumbis (Pachybrachys) Fall
318,407
densus (Pachybrachys) . . . .311, 339
desertus (Pachybrachys) Fall
309, 332
Dicellura Relm and Hebard
158, 161, 169, 226
difficilis (Pachybrachys) Fall
323,324,459
dilatatus (Pachybrachys) . . 324, 475
Dirphia aphrodite Schaus 9
discoideus (Pachybrachys) .324, 473
diversus (Pachybrachys) Fall
313,355
dixianus (Pachybrachys) Fall
319,419
donneri (Pachybrachys) . . .310, 334
doryphonnn (Xiphidion) 235
dubiosus (Pachybrachys) . . 323, 452
duryi (Pachybrachys) Fall .316. 385
Ensifer (Xiphidium) 182, 193
Vlll
INDEX
ensiferum (Xiphidium)177, 180, 182
ensiferus (Conocephalus) 199
ephippium (Phylacticus) Boio-
ditch 494
Epirhyssa 140
crevieri 142
mexicana 131
equatoriale (Xiphidium) 266
equatorialis (Conocephalus)
232, 266
erythrocephalum(Orchelimum) 34
eubleptica (Pseudocraspedia)
Schaus 3
Eutelia inconstrictrLx Schaus. . 4
exitiosum (Xiphidium) 235
Fasciata (Locusta) 170, 248
fascial um (Xiphidium) 177
fasciatus (Conocephalus)
162, 170, 230, 248
femoratus (Pachybrachys)
315, 374, 480
festae (Xiphidium) 281
festivus (Pachybrachys) Fall
315, 470
fidicinium (Orchehmum) 25, 27, 68
flaveola (Loxoprosopus) Bow-
ditch 499
flavicomis (Pachybrachys) .... 440
fortis (Pachybrachys) Fall 315, 373
foveolatus (Ptinomorpha) Bow-
ditch 509
fractus (Pachybrachys) Fall 320, 430
fratemum (Orchelimum) Rehn
and Hebard 26,79
fraxini-dipetalae (Prociphilus) . 85
friburga (Malocampa) Schaus . 6
friburgensis (Micrattacus)
Schaus 8
frigidae (Aphis) 88,95
frigidae (Macrosiphum) 89
frigidae (Siphonaphora) 97
fuscipes (Pachybrachys) Fall
318, 410
Gagates (Pachybrachys) Fall . . 438
gagatinus (Pachybrachys) .... 325
glaberimum (Orchelimum) ... 12, 19
glaberrimum (Orchelimum)
16, 24, 27, 34, 76
gladiator (OrcheUmum). . .24, 26, 44
glaucum (Orchelimum) 16, 29
gorgas (Ocha) Schaus 7
gossypii (Xiphidium) 182
gracile (Orchelunum) . ... 15, 60, 170
gracilipes (Pachybrachys) Fall
316, 386
gracillimum (Xiphidium) 180
graciUimus (Conocephalus) 162, 180
gracilinum (Xiphidium) 60
grandirena (Hemicephalis)
Schaus 4
greenei (Megarhyssa) 126, 136
Griburius 300
Haematodes (Pachybrachys)
309, 326
Hapolotrius parvulus Bowditch 504
plagiatus Bowditch 503
roseiihergii Bowditch 504
haroldi (Tetragonotes) Bow-
ditch 492
HemicephaUs grandirena Schaus 4
hemipterus (Conocephalus) . . . 155
hepaticus (Pachybrachys). .326, 476
herbaceum (Orchelimum) .... 16, 68
hermistonii (Aphis) Wilson. . .88, 93
heteroderus (Pachybrachys)
Fall 478
histrio (Thalessa) 152
homogramma (Lycaugesia)
Schaus 3
Homotyphus 487
bolivianus Bowditch 496
crassus Bowditch 496
uidipennis Bowditch 495
rosenbergii Bowditch 495
spinipemiis Bowditch 497
humida (Megarhyssa) 125, 126
humida (Pimpla) 126
humida (Rhyssa) 126
hybridus (Pachybrachys)
324, 472, 480
hygrophilus (Conocephalus)
Rehn and Hebard. . . 164, 197
Ilylcsia multii)lex Schaus .... 8
INDEX
IX
Ichneumon atrata 128
clavator 125
lunator 133
persuasorius 140, 142
ictum (Xiphidium) 250
ictus (Conocephalus) 231, 250
iUectus (Pachybrachys) Fall 314, 370
immaculatus (Pachybrachys)
311, 339
i m p e r f e ctus (Pachybrachys)
Fall 323,454
impurus (Pachybrachys) . . . 315, 377
mcoastrictrLx (Eutelia) Schaus . 4
indiancnsc (OrcheUmum) 60
inernie (Orchelimum) 17
inerme (Xiphidium) 60
insidiosus (Pachybrachys) Fall
320, 340
iustabilis (Pachybrachys) Fall
321,324,471
insularis (Conocephalus).. .231, 256
integratus (Pachybrachys) Fall
309, 327
iridipennis (Homotyphus) Bow-
ditch 495
iriodes (Conocephalus) Rehn
and Hebard 231
Jacobyi (Cerichrestis) Bowditch 505
jacobyi (Loxoprosopus) Bow-
ditch 498
jacobyi (Pachybrachys). . . .311, 337
jacobyi (Rhinotmetus) Bow-
ditch 489
janus (Pachybrachys) Fall .... 462
Lachnus laricifoliae Wilson. . . 102
orcgonensis Wihoii 103
parvus Wilson 104
rul)icundus Wilsoji 104
lachrymosus (Pachybrachys)
Fall 325,417
laevis (Pachybrachys) 321, 443
lanceolatum (Xiphidium) 207
laricifoliae (Lachnus) Wilson. . 102
lateralis (Metriotes) Bowditch . 507
lateralis (Octogonotus) Bow-
ditch 502
laticauda (Orchelimum)
17, 18, 25, 27, 53
laticauda (Xiphidium) 53
laticollis (Pachybrachys). . .316, 384
leptopterus (Conocephalus)
Rehn and Hebard 287
Uebecki (Pachybrachys) Fall
311,447
lineolatum (Cryptocentrum) . . 142
Lissonotini 124
lithospermii (Aphis) Wilson . . . 100
litigiosus (Pachybrachys). .322, 450
livens (Pachybrachys) 312, 347, 480
Locusta agilis 15, 29
conocephalus 155
fasciata 170, 248
vitticollis 242
lodingi (Pachybrachys) . . . ,311, 345
longimacula (Robinsonia)
Schaus 2
longipenne (Orchelimum) 50
longipennis (Orchelimum) 60
longipes (Conocephalus) . . .229, 240
longipes (Xi])hidium) 240
longus (Pachybrachys) 260, 312
Loxoprosopus bolivianus Bow-
ditch 499
clarkii Bowditch 500
cyanipennisi?o«Y7z7c/; 500
flaveola Bowditch 499
jacobyi BowdUch 498
luctuosus (Pachybrachys). 319, 425
ludovicianae (Macrosiphum) .89, 98
lunator (Ichneumon) 133
lunator (Megarhyssa) 126, 133
luridus (Pachybrachys)
325, 469, 480
lustrans (Pachybrachys)
321, 325, 436, 4S0
Lycaugesia homogramnui
Scha us 3
Macro.si])hum artemesicola. . .89, 96
frigidae 89
ludovicianae 89, 98
mentzeliac Wilson 99
pteridis Wilson 101
Malocampa friburga Schaus ... 6
INDEX
manitobense (Orchelimum) . . . . 44
marginatus (Metriotes) Boxo-
ditch 508
marginatus (Pachybrachys)
324, 474
marginatus (Rhinotmetus)
Bowditch 489
marginipennis (Pachybrachys)
311,341
marmoratus (Pachybrachys)
309, 333
megalopia (Arpema) Schaus ... 5
Megarhyssa 125
(table to North American
species) 125
atrata 125,126,128
canadensis 125, 126, 129
clavatus 125
greenei 126, 136
humida 125,126
lunator 126,133
mexicana 125, 131
nitida 126,137
nortonii 12G, 131
superbus 125
melanostictus (Pachybrachys)
317, 397, 480
mellitus (Pachybrachys) . . .310, 336
mentzeUae (Macrosiphum) Wil-
son 99
mercurialis (Pachybrachys) Fall
311,312,347
meridionale (Xiphidium).. .269,285
Metarhoptrum Rehn and Heb-
ard 19, 21
Metriotes aeneipennisJ5owdi<c/i. 508
chacoensis Bowditch 507
laterahs Bowditch 507
marginatus Bowditch 508
sericeus Bowditch 508
mexicana (Epirhyssa) 131
mexicana (Megarhyssa) . . . 125, 131
mexicanum (Xiphidium) 250
M icrattacus f riburgensis Schaus 8
microps (Pachybrachys) Fall
326, 478
Microsiphum artemesiae 88, 90
canadensis 88, 90
Microsiphum oregonensis Wil-
son 88,91
mihtare (Orchehmimi). . . .25, 26, 70
minerva (Pseudahs) Schaus. . . 2
minor (Orchehmum) 25, 27, 58
minor (Pachybrachys) 312, 351
Misogada blerura Schaus 6
mitis (Pachybrachys) Fall. 312, 349
m-nignim (Pachybrachys)
319, 465, 480
mobiUs (Pachybrachys) FoZZ 318, 406
molossum (Orchehmum) 29
multiplex (Hylesia) Schaus .... 8
Nectarophora artemesiae 97
coweni 97
nemorale (Xiphidion) 189, 212
nemoralis (Conocephalus) . 163, 189
Neoxiphidion 170
nero (Pachybrachys) 312, 352
nigranalis (Prumala) Schaus. . . 2
nigrinus (Pachybrachys) 470
nigricornis (Pachybrachys) 324, 460
nigripes (Orchelimum). . . .25, 27, 56
nigritarsis (Apechoneura) 142
nigritarsis (Rhyssa) 142
nigropleura (Xiphidium) 205
nigropleuroides (Conocephalus)
165,210
nigropleuroides (Xiphidium) . . 210
nigropleurum (Conocephalus)
164, 205
nigropleurum (Xiphidion) . 202, 210
nigropleurum (Xiphidium) .... 205
nitida (Megarhyssa) 126, 137
nitida (Rhyssa) 137
nitidum (Orchelimmn) 17, 18
nitidum (Xiphidium) 29
nobilis (Pachybrachj's) Fall
318, 409, 480
nogalicus (Pachybrachys) Fall
320, 432
nortonii (Megarhyssa) 126, 131
nortonii( Rhyssa) 131
nortonii (Thalessa) 131
notatus (Pachybrach3^s) . . .317,391
nubigenus (Pachybrachys) Fall
317, 394
INDEX
XI
nubilus (Pachybrachys)
312, 316, 444
nunenmacheri (Pachybrachys)
Fall 314,372
Obfuscatus (Pachybrachj^s) Fall
319,416
obsoletus (Pachybrachys)
320, 440, 480
occidentale (Xiphidmm) 191
occidentaHs (Conocephalus)163, 191
Ocha gorgas Schaus 7
ochreata (Trochuda) Schaus. . . 7
ochrida (Prumala) Schaus 2
ochrotelus (Conocephalus) Rehn
and Hebard 233,283
Octogonotus later alis Bo wditch . 502
plagiatus Bowditch 501
similis Bowditch 502
Omototus 487
Opeastyliis Rchn and Hebard
226, 229, 239
OrcheUmiim 12
(key to species) 24
agile 24,27,29
bradleyi Rchn and Hebard
20, 73
bruneri 72
bullatum Rehn and Hebard
25, 27, 50
calcaratum Rehn and Heb-
ard 24,27,46
campestre 60
concinnum 25, 27, 60
crusculum 68
cuticulare 12, 16, 19, 34, 58
dehcatum 60
erj'throcephakim 34
fidicinium 25, 27, 08
fratemum Rehn and Heb-
ard 2(), 79
glabcMTimum
12, 16, 19, 24, 27, 34, 76
glaucum 16, 29
gladiator 24, 26, 44
gracile 15, 60, 170
herbaceum 16, 68
indiancnse 60
Orchelimum inerme 17
laticauda 17, 18, 25, 27, 53
longipennis 60
longipenne 50
manitobense 44
militare 25, 26, 70
minor 25, 27, 58
molossum 29
nigripes 25, 27, 56
nitidum 17, 18
ortoni 243
pulchellum 53
robustum 17
senegalensc 13
silvaticum 29
spinulosum 17, 18
superbum Rehn and Heb-
ard 25,26,76
unispina 25, 81
vahdum 17
volantum 19,26,72,73
vulgare 24,27,38
oregonensis (Aphis) Wilson ... 88, 92
oregonensis (Lachnus) Wilson. 103
oregonensis (Microsiphuni) Wil-
son 88, 91
ortoni (OrcheUmum) 243
osceola (Pachybrachys) Fam\<d, 428
othonus (Pachybrach3^s)
322, 456, 480
Pachj'brachys 300
(key to North American
species) 308
abdominahs 313, 353
alacrisFoW 314,366
2i\iico\a. Fall 321,442
analisFa/Z 309,331
aqiiilonisFaM. . . .315, 375, 480
arizonensis 311, 344
atomarius 319, 325, 413, 480
autolycus T^aH 322, 458
badiusfV/« 318,404
bajulus 318,408
bivittatus 322, 447, 480
brevicoUis 317, 393
brevicornis Fall 320, 380
brunneus 309, 335
xu
INDEX
Pachybrachys buUatus Fall
313, 361, 480
calcaTRtus Fall 316, 389
calidus Fall 315, 379, 480
caXiiormcus Fall. .Sm, 325, 437
carbonarius 325, 461, 480
carolinensis 319, 425
caelatus 313,317,392
cephalicus /^aH 319, 418
chaoticus Fall 314, 367
characteristicus 315, 375
circumcinctus 322, 449
coloradensis 312, 350
confederatus Fa« 316, 387
conformis 319, 427
confusus 316, 325, 468, 480
connexus Fall 309,328
consimilis /^rtM 322, 45C
conspirator Fa«. . .312, 321, 445
contractifrons FoH . . . .314,365
convictus Fall 311, 315, 344
crassus 311, 358
cruentus 324, 475
croftus 320,433
cylindricus 316, 390
delumbisFflH 318,407
densus 311, 339
desertus Fall 309,332
difficilis Fall 323, 324, 459
dilatatus 324,475
discoideus 324,473
diversus Fall 313, 355
dixianusFaH 319,419
donneri 310,334
dubiosus 323,452
duryiFall 316,385
femoratus 315, 374, 480
iestivus Fall 315,470
flavicornis 440
iortis Fall 315,373
fractus Fall 320, 430
iuscipes Fall 318,410
gagates Fall 438
■ gagatiniis 325
gracilipos /^'aZZ 316, 386
hacmat odes 309, 326
hejmt icus 326, 476
hetcrodcrus Fall 478
Pachybrachys hybridus324, 472
illectus fViZZ 314
immaculatiis 311
imperfect us Fall 323
impurus 315
insidiosus f'oZZ 320
instabiUs F«ZZ 321,324
integratus Fall 309
jacobyi 311
janus Fall
lachrymosus i^aZZ 325
laevis 321
laticollis 316
liebecki FaZZ 311
litigiosus 322
hvens 312,347
lodingi 311
longus 312
kictuosus 319
luridus 325,469
lustrans 321,325,436
marginatus 324
marginipemiis 311
marmoratus 309
melanostictus . . . .317, 397
mellitus 310
mercurialis FoZZ. . .311, 31
microps Fall 326
mitis FaZZ 312
mobilis /'>;ZZ 318
minor 312
m-nigrum 319, 465
noro 312
nigricornis 324
nigrinus
nobihs FaZZ 318,409
nogalicus Fall 320
notatus 317
nubigenus f aZZ 317
nubilus 312,316
nunenmacheri FrtZZ . . . .314
obf uscatus FffZZ 319
obsoletus 320,440
osceola FaZZ 319
ot lionus 322, 456
l)allidiponnis 310
parvinot at us FaZZ 312
parvus F<ill 319
INDEX
Xlll
Pachybrachys pawnee Fall . 322, 453
peccans 317,398,480
pectoralis 314, 363
peltatusFaH 314,367
peninsularis Fall 314, 368
petronius Fall 312, 352
picturatus 323, 4G3
pinguescons Fall . . 317, 325, 438
placidus Fall 311, 346
pluripunctatusFaZL . . .318,408
post fasciat VIS Fa« 317,402
praeclarus 324, 457
precarius Fall 320, 431, 480
prosopis/^aM 315, 381, 480
proximus 314, 371
pubescens 309, 326
pulviiiatus 323, 467
punctatus 311, 315, 342
punicusFaZ; 317,396
purgatus Fall 318, 411, 480
\)m\xsFall 310,336
pusillus 313, 357
quadratus /^«ZZ 318, 405
quadri-oculatus Fall . . .320, 429
relictusFflH 319,424
rohovi^ Fall 319, 420, 480
sanguineus Fall 324, 474
sanrita 318,412
Shasta 311,315,342
signatifrons 317, 325, 400
signatus 318,401
snowi 316, 383
sobrinus 314, 364, 480
sonorensis 320, 434
spumarius 319, 422
subfasciatus 324, 376, 480
sublimatusFflZZ. . .311, 322, 449
subvittatus 321, 446
stygicus Fall 325, 416
imiiVLsFall 321,353
te.xanus 314, 362, 481
thoracicus Fall 309, 330
tridens 320,439,481
trinotatus 323, 466, 481
truncatus 320, 321, 430
turbidus 316,383
turgi(licollisF«/Z 314, 369
tybeensis Fall 316, 388
Pachybrachys umbraculatus
323, 454
umbrosus Fall 325, 379
uncinatus /^a7Z 314, 363
uteanus Fall 310, 335
vacillatus Fall 317, 403
varians 319,426
varicolor. . . .321, 324, 435, 481
vau Fall 322, 453
vestigialis Fall 319, 325, 415
viduatus 322,464
\ig\\sinsFall 309, 329
vii-gatus 323,451
vulnerosus Fall 324, 471
wahsatchensis FoZZ 323, 324, 459
wenzeliFaW 315, 325, 382
wickliami Fall 309, 330
xanti 309,333
xantliias 311, 378
xantholucens i^oZZ 312, 337
pallidipennis (Pachybrachj^s)
310, 455
Palotta 155, 158, 226
Panchi-estus prasinusJSo wr/iZc/i . 498
Pararhyssa 140
partalba (Trochuda) Schmis. . . 8
parvinotatus (Pachybrachys)
Fall 312,348
parvuhis (Hapolotrius) Bow-
ditch 504
parvus (Lachnus) Wilson 104
parvus (Pachybrachys) FaW 319, 419
pawnee (Pachybrachys) FaW 322, 452
peccans (Pachybrachys)
317, 398, 480
pectoraHs (Pachybrachys)
314, 363
peltatus (Pachybrachys) Fall
314, 367
peninsularis (Pachybrachys)
Fall 314,368
Perissacanthus Refin and Heh-
ard 226, 233, 284
persuasorius (Ichneumon).. 140, 142
persuasoria (Rhyssa) 141, 142
petronius (Pachybrachj'-s) Fall
312, 352
Pharga barbara Schaus 5
XIV
INDEX
Phylacticus ephippium Boiv-
ditch 494
Physimerus spinosus Bowditch . 493
picturatus (Pachybrachys) . 323, 463
pinguescens (Pachybrachys)
Fall 317,325,438
Pimpla humida 126
Pimplinae (key to tribes) 124
Pimphni 123
(key to certain genera) . . . 124
placidus (Pachybrachys) Fall
311,346
plagiatus (Hapolotrius)fiotydite/i 503
plagiatus (Octogonotus) Bow-
ditch 501
pluripunctatus (Pachybrachys)
Fall 318,408
polyglotta (Afrida) Schaus .... 1
postfasciatus (Pachybrachys)
Fall 317,402
praeclarus (Pachybrachys)
324, 457, 480
prasinus (Panchrestus) Bow-
ditch 498
precarius (Pachybrachys) Fall
320, 431
Prociphikis bumeHae 85
fraxini-dipetalae 85
venafuscus 85
productum (Xiphidium) 177
propinquum (Xiphidium) 269
prosopis (Pachybrachys) Fall
315,381,480
proximus (Pachybrachys).. 314, 371
Prumala nigranahs Schaus. ... 2
ochrida Schaus 2
PseudaUsminerva*Sc/?«M,s 2
Pseudocraspedia eubleptica
Schaus 3
Pseudorhyssa Wilson. . 124, 125, 150
stemata Wilson 150
pteridis (Macrosiphum) Wilson 101
Ptinomorpha foveolatus Bow-
ditch 509
pubescens (Pachybrachys) 309, 326
Pucialia acronyct oidcs Schaus. . 4
pulclielluni (Orchehiiiuni) .... 53
purgatus (Pachybrachys) Fall
318, 411, 480
pulvinatus (Pachybrachys). 323, 467
pnnctatus (Pachybrachys)
311, 315, 342
punicus (Pachybrachys) Fall
317, 396
purus (Pachybrachys) FaH.. 3 10, 336
pusillus (Pachybrachys). . .313,357
Quadratus (Pachybrachys) Fall
318, 405
quadri-oculatus (Pachybrachys)
Fall 320, 429
quebecensis (Thalessa) 131
Recticaudus (Conocephalus) . . 264
reUctus (Pachybrachys) Fall
319, 424
Repnoa arpi Schaus 9
resacensis (Conocephahis) Rehn
and Hebard...im, 188, 232
resinum (Xiphidium) 235
reticulata (Aphis) Wilson .... 88, 92
Rhinotmetus bruchii Bowditch . 490
jacobyi Bowditch 489
marginatus Bowditch 489
simihs Bowditch 488
trifasciata Bowditch 488
Rhyssa 125,140
(key to species) 141
alaskensis 142
albomaculata 142
canadensis 129
carinifrons 149
humida 126
nigritarsis 142
nitida 137
nortonii 131
persuasoria 141, 142
skinneri 141
terminalis 148
Robinsonia longimacula Schaus 2
roboris (Pachybrachys) Fall
319, 420, 480
robustum (OrchoHinuni) 17
robustum (Xiphidium) 56
INDEX
XV
rosenbergii (Tetragonotes) Bow-
ditch 490
rosenbergii (Hapolotrius) Boiv-
ditch 504
rosenbergii (Homotyphus)5ou;-
dilch 495
rubicundus (Lachnus) Wilson.. 104
Saltans (Conocephalus). . . .165,216
saltans (Xipliidium) 216
saltator (Conocephalus). . . .232, 269
saltator (Xiphidium) 269
sanguineus (Pachybrachys) Fall
324, 474
sani'ita (Pachybrachys) . . . .318, 412
sceletozona (Afrida) Schaus. . . 1
scudderi (Xiphidium) 207
semifunebris (Claphe) Schaus. 7
senegalense (Orchelimum) .... 13
senegalense (Thyi-idorhoptrum) 13
sericeus (Metriotes)Bo»'c/i7c/i. . 508
sericeus (Tetragonotes) Bow-
ditch 491
Shasta (Pachybrachys) 311, 315, 343
signatifrons (Pachybrachys)
317, 325, 400
signatus (Pachybrachys).. .318,401
similis (Octogonotus) Boivditch 502
similis (Rhinotmetus) Bowditch 488
similissima (Vespola) Schaus. . . 3
Siphonaphora frigidae 97
silvaticum (Orchelimum) 29
skinneri (Rhyssa) 141
snowi (Pachybrachys) 316, 383
sobrinus (Pachybrachys)
314, 364, 480
sonorensis (Pachybrachys) . 320, 434
spartinae (Conocephalus) . . 165, 212
spartinae (Xiphidium) 212
spinipennis (Homotyphus) Bow-
dilch 497
spinosus (Conocephalus)
162, 180, 230, 254
spinosus (Xiphidium) 254
spinulosum (Orchelimum). ... 17, 18
spinulosum (Xiphidium) 29
spinosus (Physimerus) Bowditch 493
spinosus (Xiphidium) 180
spumarius (Pachybrachys) .319, 422
Stenorhoptrum Rehn and Heb-
ard 19, 21
sternata (Pseudorhyssa) Wilson 150
stictomerus (Conocephalus)
Rehn and Hebard. . . 164, 199
strictoidcs (Conocephalus) . 233, 285
strictoides (Xiphidium) 285
strictus (Conocephalus) 163, 193, 231
strictum (Xiphidium) 193
stygicus (Pachybrach3^s) Fall
325, 416
subfasciatus (Pachybrachys)
324, 376, 480
sublimatus (Pachybrachys)
Fall 311,322,449
subterrans (Amphorophora)
Wilson 99
subvittatus (Pachybrachys) 321, 446
superbum (Orchelimum) Rehn
and Hebard 25, 26, 76
superbus (Megarhyssa) 125
Tacitus (Pachybrachys) Fall
312, 353
terminalis (Rhyssa) 148
Tetragonotes SLpicalis Boivditch . 492
csLvimpenms Bowditch 493
haroldi Bowditch 492
rosenbergii Bowditch 490
sericeus Bowditch 491
truncatipennisi?0M;di7c/i. . . 493
texanus (Pachybrachys) .
314, 362, 481
Thalessa histrio 125, 152
nortonii 131
quebecensis 131
Thecoxiphidion 170
thoracicus (Pachybrachys) Fall
309, 330
Thyridorhoptrum Rehn snd
Hebard 13
senegalense 13
Titya albiapicata (Sc/i«ws 6
tridcns (Pachybrachys) 320, 439, 481
tridentatae (Aphis) Wilson ... 88, 94
tridentatae (Chaitophorus)
Wilson 88,89
XVI
INDEX
trifasciata (Rhinotmetus) Bow-
diich 488
trinotatus (Pachybrachys)
323, 466, 481
Trochuda ochrcata Schaus .... 7
partalba Schaus 8
truncatipennis (Tetragonotes)
Boivditch 493
truncatum (Xiphidium) 280
truncatus (Conocephalus) . .233, 280
truncatus (Pachybrachys)
320,321,430
turbidus (Pachybrachys) . .316,383
turgidicoUis (Pachybrachys)
Fall 314,369
tybeensis (Pachybrachys) Fall
316, 388
Umbraculatus (Pachybrachys)
323, 454
umbrosus (Pacliybrachys) Fall
325, 379
uncinatus (Pachybrachys) Fall
314, 363
unicolor (Conocephalus) . . . 232, 264
unispina (Orchehmum) 26, 81
unispina (Xiphidium) 19, 81
uteanus (Pachybrachys) Fall
310, 335
Vacillatus (Pachybrachys) Fall
317, 403
validum (Orchelimum) 17
validum (Xiphidium) 56
varians (Pachybrachys).. . .319, 426
varicolor (Pachybrachys)
321, 324, 435, 481
vau (Pachybrachys) i^oM. . .322, 453
venafuscus (Prociphikis) 85
vestigialis (Pachybrachys) Fall
319, 325, 415
versicolor (Conoccphahis) . .233, 2S1
versicolor (Xiphidium) 281
Vespola simiUssima Sc/kh/s . ... 3
vicinum (Xiphidium) 177
vicinus (Conocephalus) 162, 177, 230
viduatus (Pachybrachys) . . 322, 464
vigilans (Pachybrachys) Fall
309, 329
virgatus (Pachybrachys).. .323,451
viridipennis (Zeteticus) Bow-
ditch 501
vitticoUis (Conocephalus) . .229, 242
vitticoUis (Locusta) 242
volantum (Orchelimum)
19, 26, 72, 73
vulgare (Orchelimum) .... 24, 27, 38
vulnerosus (Pachybrachys) Fall
324, 471
Wahsatchensis (Pachybrachys)
Fall 323,324,459
wenzeli (Pachybrachys) Fall
315, 325, 382
wickhami (Pachybrachys) Fall
309, 330
Xanthias (Pachybrachys) . .311, 378
xantholucens (Pachybrachys)
Fall 312,337
xanti (Pachybrachys) 309, 333
Xiphidion 155, 158, 161
170, 226, 229, 243
allardi 169
brevipenne 212
doryphorum 235
nemorale 212
nigropleui-um 202, 210
Xiphidium 12, 155
aberrans 235
angustifrons 260
attenuatum 207
bituberculatum 13
boreUi 278
brachypterum 269
brevipenne 177, 216
brevipennis 182, 212
caizanum 235
camurum 191
caudatum 191
curtipenne 189
cuticulare 46
ensifer 182,193
ensiferum 177, 180, 182
INDEX
XVll
Xiphidiutn equatoriale 266
exitiosum 235
fasciatum 177
festae 281
gossypii 182
gracilinum 60
gracillimum 180
ictum 250
inerme 60
insularis 256
lanceolatum 207
laticauda 53
longipes 240
meridionale 269, 285
mexicanum 250
nemorale 189
nitidum 29
nigropleura 205
nigropleuroides 210
nigropleurum 205
occidentale 191
Xiphidium productum 177
propinqumn 269
resinum 235
robustum 56
saltans 216
saltator 269
scudderi 207
spartinae 212
spinosus 180, 254
spinulosum 29
strictoides 285
strictum 193
tnmcatum 280
validum 56
versicolor 281
vicinum 177
unispina 19, 81
Xoridini 124
Zeteticus cyanipennis Bowdilch 501
viridipennis Bowditch 501
VOLUME XLI NUMBER 1
MARCH 1915
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AT THE
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
PHILADELPHIA
SUBSCRIPTION PRICE FOUR DOLLARS PER VOLUME
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
VOLUME XLI
NEW SPECIES OF HETEROCERA FROM TROPICAL
AMERICA
BY W. SCHAUS
All my types up to date are in the United States National
Museum, Washington, D. C.
Arctiidae
Afrida sceletozona sp. n.
cf . Fore wings white ; base of costa and a subbasal half Hne black, the latter
angled; a dentate line of dark scales across middle of wing, followed by a curved
mark in the cell, and a similar outer Une outangled below subcostal and fol-
lowed by a small dot on discocellular; a dot on upper third of termen; some
dark scales at apex, and on fringe. Hind wings whitish shaded with pale gray
on veins and margin; a round discal dot; a curved postmedial line. Expanse,
13 mm.
Habitat: Juan Vinas, Costa Rica.
Afrida polyglotta sp. n.
9 . Fore wings silvery white; costa with three black dashes, the outer two
convergent, with a yellow shade between, and an arc before apex; a large
purple gray patch on outer margin, covering tornus and projecting roundedly
inward, edged above by an irregular black hne, broken central!}^ by a vertical
dash; above the end of the purple patch a black dot sends a hne outward and
downward, dentate and broken below, leaving a dot on inner margin; a dentate
double hne on basal third of inner margin forming a closed loop above; a black
dash beyond it below the second costal dash. Hind wings gray, the apex and
discal dot a little darker. Expanse, 15 mm.
Habitat: .Juan \'ifias, (^)sta Rica.
TRAXS. \\l. K\T. SOC. XLI. (1)
2 TROPICAL AMERICAN HETEROCERA
Robinsonia longimacula sp. n.
cf. Palpi brown spotted with white. Head white with two transverse
black hnes. Thorax white with a dorsal yellow streak; patagiae and tegula
white edged with bro^\'n. Abdomen above black; a dorsal yellow line; a
lateral white hne; abdomen below whitish. Fore wings olive brown, the veins
paler; a series of elongated white spots from apex to submedian fold, the spot
below cell extending from base to termen, the others from cell not reaching
termen; the spots above veins 6 and 7 shorter. Hind wings white; some
fuscous shading from anal angle upwards, and terminally at vein 2. Expanse,
42 mm.
Habitat: Joinville, southeastern Brazil.
Prumala ochrida sp. n.
cf. Head, collar, and thorax orange brown. Abdomen above roseate,
underneath yellowish. Fore wings yellowish, the markings brown; the veins
from cell orange brown; basal third suffused with brown leaving a yellow streak
above subcostal, a spot at base of cell, a streak below cell, and a spot on sub-
median, also an antemedial spot on fold yellow, all partly edged with red;
some brown suffusions at end of cell; some postmedial spots on interspaces; a
broad outer band, narrowest from vein 5 to vein 2, suffusing below vein 2
and cell with dark basal space, leaving only a large yellow spot medially on
inner margin, and a smaller spot above it; a subterminal row of broken spots;
spots at ends of veins; cilia whitish with black spots at veins. Hind wings
yellow suffused with roseate. Expanse, 36 mm.
Habitat: Joinville, southeastern Brazil.
Prumala nigranalis sp. n.
9 . Head, collar, thorax and fore wings Ulacine brown. Abdomen yellow,
the last three segments steel black above, steel gray below; a lateral gray
streak. Hind wings yellow. Expanse, 32 mm.
Habitat: Joinville, southeastern Brazil.
Very close to P. jalapa Druce.
Pseudalus minerva sp. n.
(f. Antennae and body rose red; abdomen white underneath. Fore wings
red; a gray streak on costa; some grayish irrorations antemedially and post-
medially with traces of darker rod lines; a large semihyaline yellowish space
postmedially from al:»ove subcostal to termen at vein 2; an apical square red
patch from vein 5 to costa; a white point at base. Hind wings yellowish
white; some roseate hairs close to inner margin and terminal red irrorations.
Expanse, 35 mm.
Habitat: Nova Friburgo, Brazil.
W. SCHAUS 6
Chlorhoda amabilis sp. n.
cf . Head, collar, thorax above, front of fore legs, and fore wings bright
green; patagiae edged with crimson. Abdomen above, thorax below, and
legs crimson; abdomen below yellowish roseate. Fore wings: the costal
edge yellowish; small black linear spots antemedially, postmedially at sub-
costal vein and on inner margin. Hind wings roseate, the termen shaded
with pale green. Wings below duller and paler; the costal margins shaded
with roseate, also the inner margin of hind wings. Expanse, 32 mm.
Habitat: Nova Friburgo, Brazil.
NOCTUIDAE
Vespola similissima sp. n.
cf . Differs from V. plumipes Schs. in the absence of the long fringe on hind
tibiae; also very similar to V. caeruiifera Wlk., but larger and darker, and with-
out any traces of white on the abdomen below. Expanse, 36 mm.
Habitat: Nova Friburgo, Brazil.
Pseudocraspedia eubleptica sp. n.
Fore wing tinged with yellow along costa and apex, the rest of the wing
blackish gray; a very oblique black line from inner margin near base directed
toward the upper sinus of outer margin but stopping before it; an obhque
white Une from middle of inner margin running up toward apex. Hind wing
with a broad white band in the middle, straight within, cm-ved without; base
dark gray with a black band outwardly; margin rather broadly gray. Ex-panse,
12 to 14 mm.
Habitat: Cache, Tuis, Juan Viiias, Costa Rica.
Allied to P. leucozona Hampson.
Lycaugesia homogramma sp. n.
P'ore wing pointed at apex, outer margin oblique; brownish straw-color
irrorated with purple and reddish scales; a row of three dark dots for the ante-
medial line; reniform large, rounded, purplish gray; outer margin shaded
with purplish forming an oblique streak from apex toward reniform. Hind
wing crossed by straight, transverse bands; a double middle one, with its
outer edge more distinct than its inner, a median reddish shaded one and a
brown one close to the margin. Terminal black dots on both wings. Expanse,
15 mm.
Habitat: Juan Vinas, Costa Rica.
Allied to L. semiclara Dj^ar. The wings are without the black-
ish transverse bands on the under side shown in L. hypozonata
Hampson, the fore wing having only a longitudinal shading in
the cell.
TRANS. .\M. KXT. SOC, XLI.
4 TROPICAL AMERICAN HETEROCERA
Euteiia inconstrictrix sp. n.
Dark chocolate brown, with little or no red shading, sometimes a small patch
beyond the brown discal mark. Inner line slender, white, strongly outcurved
centrally; postmedial line similar, obsolete on costa, running below median
vein near to inner line; reniform narrow, not constricted, straight without.,
convex within, pale-lined, filled by the ground color, followed by a large
dark brown patch which is pointed at its upper angle; two slender white lines
from costa subapically joining on termen and enclosing a dark browm cunei-
form mark; traces only of sub terminal Une below; an obhque brown patch
above the angle in the termen; a terminal row of dark dots, obsolete below.
Hind wing l)lacker, the base on inner margin white to below discal spot. Ex-
panse, 27 to 29 mm.
Habitat: Juan Vinas, Tuis, Costa Rica.
Allied to E. auratrix Walker, but darker and the reniform not
constricted.
Pucialia acronyctoides sp. n.
cf. Palpi ocher white, laterally streaked with black at base. Body v/hit-
ish gray streaked with black, the vertex and collar medially shaded with black.
Fore wings whitish gray, somewhat silvery beyond basal space; base irrorated
with black; antemedial line fine, black, wavy, slightly outcurved, followed by a
straight heavier black line, oblique and not reaching iimer margin, this line
is followed by a short black streak above subcostal vein, a small spot in cell,
and one below cell, also a slate gray shade above median to just beyond cell;
an irregular black mark across discoceUular intoothed in front; postmedial
hne black, outcurved around cell, very wavy from vein 3 to inner margin,
followed by a grayish browTi shade from vein 3 to vein 7, where it extends more
obliquely to costa; a subterminal irregular white line followed by black mot-
tling on costa; marginal black points on interspaces; ciha with darker shading
opposite marginal points. Hind wings semihyaline white, the costa faintly
tinged with luteous. Fore wings below dark gray, the inner margin broadly
whitish. Expanse, 43 mm.
Habitat: Nova Friburgo, Brazil.
Hemicephalis grandirena sp. n.
9 . Head, collar, thorax and forewings brownish lilacine. Abdomen above
dull brownish gray. Fore wings: the base darker shaded; a fine whitish
vertical subbasal line; antemedial line fine, dark olive green, slightly incurved
across median, followed in cell by a large white orbicular spot, suffusing with
a white shade on costa; reniform very large, dark olive green consisting of
two round superimposed spots finely edged with white, the spots .suffusing on
inner edge, and also in front with a green shade on costa; postmedial out-
curved, very fine, geminate; an olive green triangular spot on costa before
apex, finely edged with white; traces of a whitish dentate subterminal line;
a dark olive brown tenninal line. Hind wings white, the veins brown; termen
W. SCHAUS ;)
very broadly black; cilia white. Wings below whitish, the terminal third
tinged with lilacine browTi; on fore wings a large black postmedial shade, not
reaching costa, or inner margin; apex white. Expanse, 37 mm.
Habitat: St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana.
Pharga barbara sp. n.
cT'. Palpi fuscous bro^\Ti fringed above with ocher. Head, collar, thorax,
basal and anal hairs of abdomen, and fore wings yellowish ocher. Abdomen
and hind wings dull fuscous brown. Fore wings irrorated with brown; the
inner margin shaded with brown from base to beyond middle; a black discal
point; a postmedial outciu'ved i:)rownish shade, somewhat macular, followed
by similar lunular-dentate lines except between veins 4 and 6; the veins de-
fined by darker irrorations on either side. Marginal l)lack points on inter-
spaces. Hind wings: cilia yellowish ochor. Fore wings below shaded with
fuscous except on margins. Hind wings below yellowish ocher irrorated with
brown on costal and outer margins; a dark round discal spot and faint post-
medial shade. E.xpanse, 4.5 mm.
Habitat: Nova Friburgo, Brazil.
XOTODONTIDAE
ARPEMA gen. nov.
cT. Palpi uptiu-ned, short, not reaching vertex; second joint heavily fringed;
third joint very small, roughly scaled. Head without prominent tufts. An-
tennae bipectinated for two-thirds of their length. Abdomen long. Fore
wings: outer margin oblique; vein 2 well beyond middle of cell; vein 3 before
lower angle; 4 from lower angle; .5 just above middle of discocehular; areole
long and narrow; vein 6 before middle of areole; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from end of
areole; 11 free. Hind wings triangular; costal margin convex at base; veins
3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 above middle of discocellular; 6 and 7 from upper
angle; 8 connected with 7 before middle of cell by a bar.
Type of genus, Arpema megaJopia Schaus.
Arpema megalopia sp. n.
d". Va\]i'i fuscous brown. Head yellow brown. Collar fuscous brown
Thorax light bro\\ii, the patagiae lilacine irrorated with dark browii. Abdo-
men orange brown. Fore wings: base narrowly mottled steel gray and white,
limited by an inbent, irregular whiter line, the costal edge orange bro\\-n; an-
temedial space brown, the scales broad, each scale ti[)ped with fuscor.s brown,
vaguely limited by a fine, iiTegular, outcurved line; space beyond gray irro-
rated with brown, hmited by a fine dark line, angled on costa, and faintly
incurved, so the gray space is widest on costa and inner margin; this line is
followed by a white line which is outbent on costa, is outwardly shatled with
orange brown and then followed by a broad dark brown shade extending to
costa and tormis, the scales forniing it smaller than on antoniodial sj)ace; and
TKAXS. AM. EXT. SOC., XLI.
6 TROPICAL AMERICAN HETEROCERA
also tipped with fuscous brown; terminal space broadly lilacine, the subter-
minal indicated by darker lilacine shading; brown marginal lunules, and nar-
rower terminal lunules partly on cilia. Hind wings orange brown, paler shaded
postmedially, and crossed by a dark brown Une. Wings below creamy white,
the costal and apical spaces of fore wings shaded with brown, only narrowly
so on hind wings. Expanse, 58 mm.
Habitat: Joinville, southeastern Brazil.
Misogada blerura sp. n.
cf . Head, collar and thorax mottled dark olive green and white. Abdo-
men purplish brown above, whitish laterally and underneath. Fore wings
whitish irrorated with olive green; a black basal point below median; a broad
antemedial dark olive green fascia from costa to submedian edged by black
lines, both inbent on submedian, the inner edge deeply curved, the outer oblique,
closely followed by a fine olive green Une, which suffuses on inner margin with
a similar outcurved postmedial line; two black points on discocellular; the
postmedial followed by a black line from inner margin to vein 2, by black
points on veins 3-5, by a black shade between 6 and 8, and an oUve green shade
on casta; ciha shaded with olive green and with some dark spots.
Hind wings whitish, shaded with fuscous gray terminally. Cilia olive green
tipped with white. Expanse, 30 mm.
Habitat: Nova Friburgo, Brazil.
Malocampa friburga sp. v.
cf . Head, collar, and thorax streaked whitish and dark brown. Abdomen
brownish gray, the anal segment whitish gray with dark brown irrorations;
base of abdomen dorsally tinged with orange. Fore wings pale brown, the
inner margin broadly whitish, the whole irrorated with fuscous; a fine dark
antemedial hue, vertical, lunular, inangled close below subcostal; two small
black spots on discocellular; a fine brown postmedial line incurved to inner
margin near antemedial, followed by geminate black points on veins with
white streaks between them; a faint subterminal narrow darker shade; ter-
minal black spots on interspaces; black spots on cilia at veins. Hind wings
whitish suffused with pale brown, the costal margin and veins darkest; a faint
postmedial line with a black spot close to inner margin, and a similar spot
below it at anal angle. Fore wings below suffused with dull brown; ciha with
dark spots. Hind wings below dull white. Expanse, 49 mm.
Habitat: Nova Friburgo, Brazil.
Lasiocampidae
Titya albiapicata s)^ n.
cf . Head, collar, and thorax light brown. Abdomen darker brown. Fore
wings brownish gray suffused with fuscous, the inner margin narrowly, and
termen more broadly light brown; the veins pale; lines very indistinct; an
outcurved fuscous antemedial line; two medial lines, the outer one suffusing
W. SCHAUS 7
on inner margin with first postmedial line; thi'ee postmedial lines, somewhat
lunular, the middle one barely traceable; a whitish subterminal line; the
apex fuscous crossed by a small white spot. Hind wings semihyahne, fuscous
brown; the inner margin and ciUa hght brovra. Expanse, 28 mm.
Habitat: Nova Friburgo, Brazil.
Claphe semifunebris sp. n.
o"". Body mottled whitish, brown, and black. Fore wings: Vjase to near
middle black, limited by a fine velvety black hne having a few whitish scales
on its inner side, finely wavy, vertical, inangled below submedian fold; outer
space white with brownish irro rations, more thickly terminally; a small black
spot on discocellular; a fine black postmedial Une, outbent on costa, then
shghtly incurved and vertical below vein 4; an irregular subterminal macular
black shade, outcurved from costa, incurved opposite cell and near inner mar-
gin. Hind wings: basal space fuscous brown limited by a vertical broad
black hne from costa to inner margin near angle; terminal space as on fore-
wings, but shaded with brown from below vein 5 to mner margin; very faint
traces of a black subterminal line. Wings below whitish tinged with brown
and gray. Fore wings : postmedial line whitish defined by shadings, straighter
below costal cm-ve; subterminal better defined. Hind wings: a fuscous brown
vertical outer hne. Expanse, 35 mm.
Habitat: Nova Friburgo, Brazil.
Ocha gorgas sp. n.
d^. Body pale lilacine brown. Fore wings above median and vein 4 gray-
ish, below them light brown; two fuscous points on discocellular; traces of
fine darker, antemedial, and medial fines; the postmedial outcurved, better
defined, followed by a pale outer line incmwed opposite cell, the interspaces
between them from vein 4 to \ein 8 darker gray; a subterminal lunular white
line, preceded by an orange browTi shade between veins 4 and 5, and dark gray
shades between 5 and 6, and 7 and 9; a terminal whitish line; the cilia dark
brovni on interspaces. Hind wings yellowish, with darker shading on costa
and short hues at apex. Wings below bro^\Tiish yellow. Expanse, 25 mm.
Habitat: Joinville, southeastern Brazil.
Lymantriidae
Trochuda ochreata sp. n.
(^. Body and wings pale ochreous brown, the inner margin of fore wings,
and costal margin of hind wings tinged with white. Fore wings: a fine whit-
ish hne on discocellular preceded and followed by a fuscous brown shade, and
similar shading close to cell between veins 3 and 5. On abdomen dorsally at
end some pm-ple red shading. Wings below whitish, the costal half of fore
wings shaded with l)rown, very dark along costal edge. Expanse, 33 mm.
Habitat: Southern Brazil.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
8 TROPICAL AMERICAN HETEROCERA
Trochuda partalba sp. n.
cf . Body white, the palj)! outwardly brown; some fauit brownish shading
dorsally on abdomen. Fore wings pale ochreous brown; base and inner mar-
gin tinged with white; a white spot edged with darker brown on discocellular,
outbent behind between veins 4 and 5. Hind wings white, very faintly tinged
with brown towards apex. Wings below white, the costal halt' of fore wings
tinged with oclu'aceous brown extending along termen to near tornus; eilia
on both wings tinged with brown. Expanse, 32 mm.
Habitat: Nova Friburgo, Brazil.
Trochuda roseidorsum sp. n.
cf. Palpi dark brown. Head white. Collar, thorax, and wings whitish
ocher. Abdomen white at base, then dorsally brilliant roseate. Fore wings:
a white line on discocellular, preceded by a narrow black shade, and followed
b}^ diffuse black shadings on interspaces from below vein 3 to vein 7. Hind
wings slightly paler than fore wings. Wings below white; costa of fore wings
shaded with fuscous brown, the apex with whitish ocher. Expanse, 33 mm.
Habitat: Joinville, southeastern Brazil.
These three species are congeneric with stilpnotia Walker.
Saturniidae
Micrattacus friburgensis sp. n-
cT. Head, collar, and thorax gray. Abdomen light reddish brown. Fore
wings gray irrorated with black hairlike scales; costal space above median
and vein 4 shaded with hght reddish brown; lines straight, ocher white, out-
wardly dark shaded; the basal line very oblique from costa near base; ante-
medial Une very slightly outbent; postmedial line slightly inbent; a fuscous
gray streak on discocellular edged with ocher white; a zigzag subterminal
pale line from vein 4 to tornus; the costal edge grayish. Hind wings light
reddish brown; a fine fuscous shade on discocellular; a fine outer black line
followed by an irregular fuscous shade; cilia tipped with white. Fore wings
below yellow, the costa shaded with reddish brown; a dark streak on discocel-
lular, and a fine postmedial line. Hind wings below shaded with reddish
brown; a fuscous line on discocellular; a fine outer Une from costa near apex
to inner margin at two-thu-ds from base. Expanse, 39 mm.
Habitat: Nova Friburgo, Brazil.
Hylesia multiplex sp. n.
Rosy brown, head, thorax, and abdomen alike with dense rosy brown hairs;
antennae browni, not yellow. Fore wings scarcely falcate, rosy brown with
darker lines; basal space nearly solidly filled; outer hne broad, incurved below,
toufhing ths discal spot at bass of vein 3; submarginal line scalloped, lightly
shaded; terminal half-band darker. Hind wing with narrow clouded discal
mark, th? two narrow curved outer lines alike in tone, dark. Expan.se, 4S
mm.
W. SCHAUS 9
Type. — cf, Sixola River, Costa Rica. September. Xo. 14,989,
U. S. National Museum.
Dirphia aphrodite sp. n.
cf . Head, collar, and front of thorax fuscous brown; thorax behind dark
reddish browii. Abdomen above black with fine orange brown segmental
lines; base clothed with dark reddish hairs; sublateral whitish streaks. Fore
wings rosy hlacine brown before antemedial and beyond postmedial lines;
basal space limited by the antemedial line, outbent across cell and shghtly
curved to inner margin; medial space dark chestnut brown, paler from vein
2 to inner margin; a sinuous, white spot containing some brown scaling on
discocellular, its hind edge straight, toothed to base of vein .3, and outwardly
across postmedial hne; postmedial line straight, fine, lilacine, parallel with
termen; a subterminal fuscous gray shade expanding towards costa. Hind
wings grayish brown; the inner margin with roseate hairs; a postmedial
darker brown curved shade; an irregular and indistinct subterminal shade.
Wings below whitish bro\\-n; the browni postmedial Hne straight on both wings;
the cell and costal margin of fore wings and termen of hind wings shaded with
brown. Expanse, 48 mm.
Habitat: Curitiba, .southeastern Brazil.
Megalopygidae
Repnoa arpi sp. n.
c/'. Body black; abdomen with segmental whitish Unes. Fore wings black
to end of cell, terminating obhquely from costa to vein 5, with a small black
spot between 5 and 4, a shghtly larger spot between 4 and 3, an incurve be-
tween 3 and 2, a slight projection below 2, and above submedian. then inset
and abrupt on inner margin; terminal space pale brownish ocher, with slightly
darker subterminal patches on interspaces; an outer small black spot between
veins 6 and 7. Hind wings: basal third black, otherwise whitish ocher brown.
Wings below with the terminal space white. Expanse, 28 mm.
Habitat: Nova Friburgo, Brazil.
TRANS. .\M. EiVT. SOC, XLI.
REHN AND HEBARD H
STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE
(ORTHOPTERA)
IV
BY JAMES A. G. REHN AND MORGAN HEBARD
A SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS
ORCHELIMUM
For a number of years the species of the present genus have
been greatly in need of study, the litei-ature covering the same
shomng a considerable number of specific names the exact rela-
tionship of which was not known at all or only very indefinitely
understood. The keys to the species which we possess 'd, i. e.,
those of Redtenbacher, McNeill, Blatchley, and Karny, were
based largely on characters the value of which our own studies
show to be nil or but relative. The attempts made b}- many
workers, ourselves among them, to use the previous keys have
resulted in a great mass of misidentifications, due to the fact
that the tables used, almost "without exception, emphasized
valueless or but secondary characters and entirely ignored those of
greatest value. Another factor, which has contributed its share
to the confusion in the past, has been the difficult}' of positively
locating some of the older names; a matter which has caused
error on the part of everyone who has published at all on the
genus.
The examination or possession of types and paratypes of the
majority of the species has enabled us to straighten out the
tangles and present a clear idea of the relationship of the forms,
while much study and correspondence has permitted us to place
to our own satisfaction practically all of the older names which
caused trouble in the past. The present situation in Europe has
precluded our securing certain desirable information concerning
these older types, but we feel that anj^thing further would be
merely confirmatory and that we have carefully weighed and
considered everj^ possible source of information in the literature.
TRANS. AM. ENT, SOC, XLI.
12 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
The characters used by us to differentiate the species are
easily comprehended, and we feel that the student will have little
difficulty in securing from the text, with the aid of the figures,
an understanding of the species of the genus.
ORCHELIMUM ServiUe
1839. Orchelinium Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins., Orthopt., p. 522.
1891. Xiphidium Redtenbacher, Verhandl. k.-k. zool.-botan. Gesellschaft
Wien, xli, p. 493. (In part; not restricted Xiphidion Serville, 1831.)
1907. Orchelinium Karny, Abh. k.-k. zool.-botan. Gesellschaft Wien, iv,
heft 3, p. 82.
Genotype. — Orchelimum cuticulare ^erviWe = glaberrimmn
(Burmeister) (by designation of Kirby, 1906 0.
Differential Generic Characters.— When compared with the
related genus Conocephalus {Xiphidium of authors) the genus
Orchelimum is found to differ not in one or several invariable
characters, but instead can be distinguished by combinations of
characters and a general complex not found in the other genus.
In Orchelimum the stridulating field of the male tegmina is larger,
broader and in general more extensive, with the lateral section
more strongly produced and occasionally almost overhanging
(in subgenus Stenorhoptrum less indicated and in Metarhoptrum
little different from that found in Conocephalus). The male
cerci are never strongly and sharply deplanate distad, instead of
generally so as in Conocephalus; the dorsum of the same is
occasionally carinate and almost invariably more or less excavate
at or near the base of the median tooth (this never found in
Conocephalus), while the cerci are also always unidentate instead
of untoothed, unidentate or bidentate as in Conocephalus. The
male subgenital plate has the distal margin almost always more
or less V or U-emarginate, while in Conocephalus this portion is
generally more or less truncate. The ovipositor has the ventral
margin always arcuate in the distal half except in militare, while
in Conocephalus the rule is to have the margins straight. In all
the species the prostcrnum is bispinose instead of unarmed as is
occasional in Conocephalus, while the distal tibial spurs always
number three pairs, instead of less as is found in several subgenera
of Conocephalus.
iSynon. Catal. Orthopt., ii, p. 271,(1906).
REHN AND HEBARD 13
The features separating Orchelimum from Teratura, Para-
xiphidium, Odontoxiphidium , XiphiUinutn and Karniella are very
decided and have been previously emphasized, so it seems unnec-
essary to discuss them at the present time.
Erroneously Referred Species. — Aside from the American species
here treated, and to which we restrict Orchelirninn, the genus lias
been considered by some authors to include two Old World
species. The first of these, senegalense Krauss, is certainly
distinct generically and we here separate it as a related but well
characterized genus ^. Karn}'^ has placed the species Xiphidiuvi
bituberculatum Redtenbacher, from Australia, in the genus
Orchelimum. This is undoubtedh' not an Orchelimum, as the
untoothed cercus shows. Just what its relationship to Con-
cephalus {Xiphidium of authors) is, we cannot say, but that the
species has no place in Orchelimum is certain.
Generic Distribution. — From southern Maine, southern Ontario
and southern Manitoba (Ashdown) south to southern Florida
(Homestead), the Gulf Coast and southern Texas (Bi-ownsville),
and in Mexico as far as Orizaba in the eastern part and the state
of Jalisco in the west, in the United States west to northern
California (Sisson). The genus is apparently absent from the
whole desert region of the southwestern United States and also
2 THYRIDORHOPTRUM new genus {Ovpis window, powrpov tambourine).
1877. Orchelimum Krauss (not of Serville), Sitzungsberichte k. Akad. Wis-
sensch. Wien, Math. -Nat. CI. Ixxvi, p. 60.
Genotype. — Orchelimum senegalense Krauss.
Related to Orchelimum but differing in the more abbreviate dorsum of the
pronotum, which in the male sex has the caudal width subequal to the greatest
length, in the very narrow lateral lobes of the pronotum, these in the male
sex being distinctly deeper than the greatest length of same, in the extremely
large stridulating field of the male tegmina, which has the speculum of great
size and in width at least two-thirds that of the whole stridulating field, in the
more ample tegmina of the male, the bidentate male cerci, the non-spinose
character of the genicular lobes of the cephalic and median femora and in the
broad fluting of the lateral faces of the ovipositor abruptly terminating shortly
proximad of the apex.
Only species:
Thyridorhoptrum senegalense (Kjauss)
1877. Orchelimum senegalense Krauss, Ibid., pi. I, figs. 12, 12a. [Bakel,
Senegal.]
We have before us specimens representing both sexes of this interesting
genus.
^ Genera Insectorum, fasc. 135, Conocephalinae, p. 7, (1912).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
14 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
from the Great Basin region, no specimens having been examined
from southern Cahfornia, Nevada, Utah, southern Idaho, western
Wyoming and Colorado, or Arizona and New Mexico west of the
Rio Grande.
The center of distribution of the genus is in the Middle Atlantic
states, the greatest percentage of the forms occurring in the
region comprising the states of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Dela-
ware, Maryland and Virginia, where in the northern end of the
Coastal Plain no less than ten of the species of the genus occur.
To the southward the number of forms decreases slightly and in
the Mississippi Valley region there is a still further diminution,
until but three forms are known to reach the region of the Rocky
Mountains and of these but one is known to occur west of that
uplift. In coastal and southern Texas the number of species is
lower than in the Middle West and from the whole of Mexico we
at present know of but two forms.
Variation. — An examination of certain characters which have
been used by previous authors for differentiating the species of
this genus shows that they are either entirely unreliable or only
of occasional application. The first and most important of
these is the number of spines on the ventro-external margins of
the caudal femora. This character has been given a position of
prime importance; as a matter of fact, as in Conocephalus {Xiphid-
ium of authors), quite a few species show considerable individual
variation in the presence or absence of these spines, while prac-
tically all the forms show great individual variation in the number
of the same when they are present. In consequence we have
not utilized the spination of the limbs as a major character in
making our key, but under each species will be found a sum-
mary of the amount of variation in this feature.
The proportionate length of the tegmina and wings is another
feature which is, in the majority of cases, of no diagnostic value.
This genus, with many other Orthopterous genera, exhibits con-
siderable individual variation in the length of these appendages,
individuals taken at the same place and at the same time showing
marked diversity in this respect. In over half the species of the
genus we find a mesopterous type {i. e. with tegmina and wings
little or not at all surpassing the apices of the caudal femora) and
a macropterous type (with same very considerably surpassing
the femoral apices). The extremes of these conditions often
REHN AND HEBARD 15
look very different but a careful examination, particularly of the
genitalia, will show them to be identical. "We have given data
on these features under the specific treatments. The width of
the fastigium is occasionally variable within specific limits, as in
the case of the very plastic concinnum. This, however, is quite
exceptional, as the fastigial width is generally a constant character.
In the stridulating field of the male tegmina we find some varia-
tion in the exact form of the speculum, the bounding veins vary-
ing somewhat in their exact curve or in their degree of divergence
from the body axis when straight, but these differences are of
secondary importance and the relative proportions of the specu-
lum and direction of the stridulating vein remain the same.
The peculiarly elongate form of the speculum in volantwn and
hradleyi is Cjuite distinctive and in no way approached in the other
species of the genus. The exact curve and relative length of the
ovipositor show little individual variation except in the very plas-
tic conci7i7ium, where we have certain female individuals in
certain localities and all the female individuals in other localities
developing a much longer and relatively straighter ovipositor
than usual. Between the two extremes of ovipositor form in this
remarkable species we find numerous intermediates and Ave have
gone into this question of ovipositor form quite fully under the
specific treatment.
Synonymic Notes. — Two species have been referred to, or
described under, this genus which have caused much difference
of opinion. These are Locusta agilis DeGeer from Pennsylvania^
and Orchelimum gracile Harris from Massachusetts.^ The
identity of the first as a species of the genus Orchelimum is uni-
versally admitted, but it has been variously considered the same
as Harris' vulgare, Redtenbacher's laticcmda and Scudder's con-
cinnum. Several times DeGeer's species was correctlj^ identified
but it was never associated with the Redtenbacherian species,
two of which (spinulosum and nitidum) are sj^nonj'ms of it.
Harris' gracile we are certain was correctly referred by Scudder
when he synonj^mized it under Conocephalus fasciatus (DeGeer).
The description fits that species, but unfortunately the figure
* M6m. Hist. Ins., iii, p. 4.57, pi. 40, fi^. 3,(1773).
s Treat. Ins. New Eng. Inj. Veget., p. 131,(1841).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
16 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (ORTHOPTERA)
given in the Flint edition of Harris® shows an individual with a
curved ovipositor {%. e. a true Orchelimum and probably 0. con-
cinnum). The figures in this edition were drawn under the direc-
tion of Agassiz, so the preface informs us, and the ovipositor
character of the figure is belied by the text on the same page, this
being a reprint of that of the original edition. It is quite evident
that the specimen drawn was not the one described by Harris.
The name gracile certainly does not properly apply to any form
of Orchelimum. It has been considered to represent the pale-
faced phase of concinnum, by a few authors, but that it has no
right to be so considered is very evident.
There has been so much irregularity in the use of the name
agile that the records quoted under it are almost valueless in
mapping the distribution of the species. In the majority of
cases it is quite impossible to say which species the author who
recorded "agile" had before him, and unless the material on
which such records were based is definitely recognizable in the
the series examined by us, we have felt compelled to ignore the
indefinite records in our mapping work.
The other names, the apphcation of which has given difficulty
in the past or has given trouble to the present authors, are best
discussed here. Burmeister's glaherrimum has been frequently
recorded, but generally the specimens proved to be long-winged
individuals of vulgare. We have carefully studied the very brief
description, have studied the movements of Zimmermann who
collected the specimens, eliminated the other forms occurring
in the teritory where he collected at that time, and there is no
doubt in our minds that we have properly located the form. An
effort to locate the original specimen has met with no success
other than the proof that it does not exist in the Halle collection.
Serville described three species of the genus when he originally
founded the same, i. e., cuticulare, glaucum and herbaceum. The
first of these undoubtedly equals Burmeister's glaherrimum, as a
careful analysis of the description and comparison with all the
known species shows. The second species, glaucum, just as
certaily equals agile (DeGeer) when examined in the same fashion.
The last name, herbaceum, has been generally placed as the same
as concinnum Scudder, chiefly because Serville says it has a black
« Ibid., Flint Edit., p. 163,(1862).
REHN AND HEBARD 17
area on its face above the clypeus. Unfortunately Serville says
this is transverse, which is never true of concinnum, but frequently
in drying out, individuals of a number of the species show black
areas below the eyes and to a similar feature we feel he must
refer. The other characters given for herbaceum are few and
generally non-diagnostic, except that the ovipositor is twelve
lines long and lightly concave dorsad, a condition occurring in
but a few species. Of these fidicinium alone would at all answer
the other points of the description and of the identity of the two
we are not at all convinced, J:»ut we are placing the older name
with a query under the more recent name, waiting for future
examination of the original material, if such still exists, to deter-
mine the matter.
The description of Walker's validum we have examined very
carefully, and have also had through the kindness of Mr. A. N.
Caudell the notes made by the latter on the type of the species,
which Kirby considered to be the same as nigripes. The original
description is very insufficient and Mr. Caudell comments as
follows on the specimen; " Last year I saw also his type of validum,
but without material for comparison I could not definitely deter-
mine what it is. I am very sure it is not the same as our nigripes.
The type is a unique female and the following note was hurriedly
made regarding it while I was in London." We are unable to
definitely say what the insect is, but it appears to l)e nearer
nigripes than anything else. However, it seem^; best to await
more complete study of the original material and we have pro-
visionally placed the name with a query under nigripes.
Of the new species described by Redtenl)acher in his paper on
the subfamily, i. e., rohustum, inerme, nitidum, spinulosum and
laticauda, we are able to easily dispose of three, these being
inerme, nitidum and spinulosum. The first of these was admit-
tedly proposed to replace longipennis Scudder, which equals
concinnum. Regarding nitidum and spinulosurn we had formed
definite conclusions, when through the kindness of Mr. W. T.
Davis we were placed in possession of copies of correspondence
which passed between that gentleman, Mr. Caudell and Doctors
Karny and Holdhaus relative to this subject. A portion of a
series of specimens used by the latter gentlemen for comparison
has also been placed in our hands so that we are thus al)le to
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
2
18 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
judge what nitidum and spinulosuni are. Doctor Holdhaus
states that, "0. nitidum and s-pinulosum differ externally only
by the characters stated by Redtenbacher and may possibly
prove forms of the same species." This is quite true, and the
characters given by Redtenbacher are valueless in this genus
while the size differences are due to locality as we show beyond.
Both of these names equal the much older agile (DeGeer). The
great difficulty encountered with the Redtenbacherian species
concerns the other species, robustum and laticauda, the first of
which, as discussed beyond, in all probability equals nigripes
with abnormal or unassociated leg or legs. It is based on a
unique female which in every feature of the description but the
caudal limbs is typical nigripes. The other species, laticauda,
appears to us to be the same as Davis's pulchellimi, the author of
which has gone over the description with us and agrees that it
probably represents the same form. It was our intention to
have material carefully compared in Vienna, particularly with
regard to the important genital characters, but the unfortunate
conflict now raging has made this impossible.
The present authors at one time very doubtfully determined as
0. cuticulare Serville^ a single male from Thomasville, Georgia.
The specimen is not cuticulare as we now know it { = glaberrimum) ,
but instead is an aberrant individual of 0. minor.
Relation of the Genus. — Redtenbacher ^ considered Orchelimum
but a subgenus of "Xiphidiu7n," as the supposedly diagnostic
features given by previous authors, i. e. the spined prosternum
and the curved ovipositor were found by him to be present in
"Xiphidium." Karny in his several papers on the group has al-
lowed Orchelimum to retain generic rank and divided Conoce-
phalus {Xiphidium of authors) into a number of subgenera. The
latter author's position seems to us the most logical, but the char-
acters separating the two genera are largely ones of degree and in
consequence hard to express. It is necessary, as well, to divide
Orchelimum into three subgenera, this being done below. As we
will show in a future treatment of the genus Conocephalus, the
characters separating the subgenera of that genus are as impor-
tant as the characters separating Orchelimum s. s. from several of
the subgenera of Conocephalus, but we find other groups which
' Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1904, p. 796, (1905).
8 Verb. k.-k. zool.-botan. Gesell. Wien, xli, p. 494, (1891).
REHN AND HEBARD 19
are more related to Orchelimum than to Conocephalus occupj'ing
a more or less intermediate position, yet in themselves clearly-
cut divisions of equal rank to certain other aggregations of the
subfamily Conocephalinae. We have been forced to realize that
we have more groups in the Orchelimum-Conocephalus complex
than have previously been recognized bj^ name and the only
solution appears to be to designate those divisions which are
found to be distinguished by characters of comparative impor-
tance, and assemble them as subgenera under the two generic
names Orchelimum and Conocephalus according to the extent of
agreement or degree of development of certain features.
Subgenera and Specific Groups. — The three subgenera of Orche-
limum which we here recognize can be distinguished as follows :
Stridulating field of male tegmina relatively large and broad,
as large in area as dorsum of pronotum, speculum not elongate.
Humeral sinus of lateral lobes of pronotum more or less distinctly
indicated, rarely {gladiator) obsolete. Genicular lobes of caudal
femora bispinose. Ovipositor with ventral margin regularly
arcuate (except in militare). Orchelimum s. s.
(Type — 0. cuticulare SeryiWe = glaherrimum Burmeister.)
Stridulating field of male tegmina relatively large, about as
large in area as dorsum of pronotum, speculum decidedly elon-
gate, narrow. Humeral sinus of lateral lobes of pronotum well
indicated, arcuato-emarginate. Genicular lobes of caudal femora
bispinose. Ovipositor with ventral margin gently arcuate or
straight proximad, arcuate distad. o^ ? j o u
^ ^ ' Stenorhoptrum ^ new subgenus
(Type— 0. volantum McNeill.)
Stridulating field of male tegmina relatively small, not as large
in area as dorsum of pronotum, speculum of normal shape but
small (except in superhum) and Conocephalus-Y\^& in form. Hu-
meral sinus of lateral lobes not at all or but weakly indicated.
Genicular lobes of caudal femora unispinose. Ovipositor ? (fe-
male unknown) ir . 7 j m i
Metarhoptrum 1° new subgenus
(Type — Xiphidium unispina Saussurc and Pictet.)
' Srews narrow, poirrpov tambourine.
^^ Ultra between, poirrpov tambourine. In allusion to the intorniodiate char-
acter of the male speculum.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
20 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
The species of this genus fall. into nine groups, which appear to
be natural in character. One of these groups forms the new sub-
genus Stenorhoptrum, two constitute the other new subgenus
Metarhoptrum and the remainder can be assembled under the
restricted subgenus Orchelimum. The chief criteria which we
have used in delimiting these groups are the number of caudal
genicular spines and the general form of the male cercus, but we
have also taken into consideration other features, as the form of
the ovipositor of the female, form and general character of the
stridulating field of the male tegmina, the form of the lateral
lobes of the pronotum and the general build.
This group arrangement is as follows:
Orchelimum s. s.
Group A. (agile)
Cerci with simple, Ovipositor falcate. Stridulating field
rect-divergeiit me- of male tegmen
dian tooth. normal.
Lateral lobes with
deeply and broad-
ly indicated hu-
meral sinus.
Group B. (glaberrimum, vulgare, gladiator, calcaralum)
Cerci with simple
to produced rect-
divergent or sub-
falcate (distad)
median tooth.
Ovipositor falcate
or with nearly
straight dorsal
outline, occasion-
ally very deep.
Stridulating field
normal, but large
proportionately.
Lateral lobes
broad, with well
indicated and
broad to but little
indicated humeral
sinus.
Cerci heavy, cari-
nate dorsad, with
median tooth di-
rected more or less
strongly p r o x i-
mad.
Group C. {hidlatum, lalicauda, nigripes)
Ovipositor strong- Stridulating field
ly falcate, broader normal but broad,
mesad than proxi-
mad.
Lateral lobes with
humeral sinus
hardly indicated,
ventrad of same
caudal margin is
httle arcuate.
Group D. (minor)
Cerci much as in Ovipositor falcate, Stridulating field Lateral lobes
group C but more long, broad and normal but broad, broad with well in-
incrassate and less heavy. dicated and broad
carinate. humeral sinus.
REHN AND HEBARD
21
C e r c i elongate,
thickened, taper-
ing, tooth proxi-
mad and directed
distinctly pro.xi-
mad.
Cerci very elong-
ate, incrassate,
tapering, apex
slightly incurved,
tooth decidedly
proximad and di-
rected distinctly
proximad.
Cerci elongate,
thickened, taper-
ing, tooth proxi-
mad and directed
nearly at a right
angle or decidedly
curved and ex-
tending proximad
in dii-ection.
Cerci much as in
bradleyi of Group
G but with distal
portion heavier
and thicker.
Cerci with distal
extremity taper-
ing, tooth nearly
median, not
heavy, directed
weakly proximad.
Group E. (concinnum, fidicinium)
Ovipositor moder- Stridulating field
ately falcate, of normal,
variable length.
Group F. {militare)
Ovipositor Stridulating field
straight, subequal normal,
in depth, elongate.
Lateral lobes with
humeral sinus in-
dicated quite dis-
tinctly and rather
broadly.
Lateral lobes with
h u m e r a 1 sinus
very shallowly in-
dicated.
Stenorhoptrum new subgenus
Group G. {volantum, bradleyi)
Ovipositor with
ventral margin
straight proximad
or gently arcuate,
dorsal margin
straight.
Stridulating field
of male tegmen
narrow
speculum
elongate.
, with
greatlv
Metarhoptrum new subgenus
Group H.
Ovipositor ?
Genicular lobes
of caudal femora
unispinose.
{superbum)
Stridulating field
of male tegmen
narrow but of nor-
mal character.
Group L {fraternum, unispina)
Ovipositor ?
Genicular lobes
of caudal femora
unispinose.
Stridulating field
small, stridulating
vein vcrv weak.
Lateral lobes with
humeral sinus
moderately indi-
cated, and broad
but shallow.
Lateral lobes with
no humeral sinus.
Lateral lobes with
at most only a
very shallow hu-
meral sinus.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
22 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
The probable relationship of these groups can be best expressed
diagrammatically as shown herewith.
Group C
bullatum
laticaiida
nigripes
Group D
{minor)
Group A
(agile)
Group B
glaberrimum
vulgare
gladiator
calcaratum
Group E
concinnum 1
fidicinium J
Group F
{militare)
(Stenorhoptrum)-
( Metarhoptrum) •
Group G
J volantum
\ bradleyi
Group H
{superbum)
I Group I
1^ j fraternum
\ unispina
Group A is probably the most primitive member of the genus,
as it certainly is the simplest type. Group B is less homogeneous
than most of the other groups but its specific units are unques-
tionably of a common origin. While gladiator and calcaratum
show a somewhat analogous development of the tooth of the
male cercus and of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, it is also
very evident that gladiator is in certain respects closer to vulgare,
i. €., in the presence of the peculiar node on the dorsal face of the
male cercus and in the general character of the tegmina, while
the ovipositor of gladiator in general type suggests more relation-
ship to glaberrimum, which, however, has many features of dif-
ference. Taken as a whole the four members of the group are
closely related in sum total of characters but specifically diver-
gent in certain single characters. Group C is somewhat similar
in complexion to group B but the relationship of bullatum and
laticauda is close and nigripes is a divergent type, the peculiar
REHN AND HEBARD 23
adpressed character of the cereal tooth giving it a rather unique
position, although in general its relationship to the other two
species is readily perceived. This group (C) is quite divergent
from group B, its probable ancestral type. Group D is probably
a link connecting groups B and E, but distinct enough in char-
acter from either of these to be given an independent position.
In Groups E and F the elongation of the cercus is progressively
pronounced, much resembling that found in one species of Group
G and one of Group I, which, however, are members of other
phyla of the genus. The ovipositor in these groups shows the
extreme development of the elongate arcuate type. Group F
was apparently derived from a Group E-like ancestor, and in it
we find the extreme development of the cercus in elongation
(equalled in unispina of Group I), this also being gently inbowed
distad, the tooth proximal and distinctly directed proximad,
while the ovipositor is straight and elongate. Group G is very
distinct in character, being sharply defined by the pecuUarity
of the speculum of the male tegmina, and the straight dorsal
margin of the ovipositor (this in volantum resembling that of
gladiator of Group B, but this is probably due to convergence
caused by the use of similar oviposition sites). In this group (G)
the cercus is elongated, the tooth is distinctly proximal, although
the direction of the tooth is different in the two included species.
Group H occupies a peculiar position, showing a number of fea-
tures of relationship to Group I and some apparently superficial
resemblance to Group G, but the greater affinity is with Group I.
Group I shows a decided tendency toward Conocephalus, but in
general it is distinctly a member of the genus Orchelimum. The
unispinose caudal genicular lobes of the species of Groups H and
I readily separate them from those of the other groups. Group
I has its extreme condition in unispina with its obsolete humeral
sinus.
Key to the Syecies
The following key is largely artificial, particularly in the female
sex, but it will be found to separate the majority of the species
with little difficulty. Some few forms which are easily distin-
guishable in the male are difficult to separate in the opposite sex
and vice versa. In case any difficulty is encountered in forming
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
24 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
a clear idea of the differential features of a certain form or forms,
we would suggest that the figures given in this paper for the
species involved be examined. With the aid of the figures we
feel that proper identification can readily be made.
MALES
A. Cercus of average length, portion distad of insertion of median tooth not
markedly longer than that proximad of same. General form relatively more
robust.
B. Tooth of cercus distinctly longer than distal portion of cereal shaft
and greatly produced, decidedly aciculate. (Humeral sinus. hardly indi-
cated; ventro-external margin of caudal femora armed.)
calcaratum new species
BB. Tooth of cercus not longer than distal portion of cereal shaft, not
decidedly aciculate.
C. Dorsal surface of shaft of cercus without a very decided sinuate
carination.
D. Cercus distinctly depressed, tooth particularly so. (Tooth
of cercus directed at a right angle to general axis of cereal shaft,
also moderately uncinate at apex. Humeral sinus well indi-
cated.) agUe (DeGeer)
DD. Cercus not distinctly depressed, tooth more or less thick-
ened in its proximal half.
E. Dorsal surface of cereal shaft without a decided elevated
"boss" or node between insertion of tooth and apex of shaft.
Speculum of stridulating field more decidedly longitudinal.
(Head more or less reddish.) glaberrimum (Burmeister)
EE. Dorsal surface of cereal shaft with a decided elevated
"boss" or node between insertion of tooth and apex of shaft.
Speculum of stridulating field subquadrate.
F. Tooth of cercus as long as distal half of shaft of
same, apex of shaft blunt acute. Humeral sinus hardly
indicated, ventro-caudal angle of lateral lobes rectangu-
late. gladiator Bruner
FF. Tooth of cercus not as long as distal half of shaft
of same, apex of shaft bluntly rounded. Humeral sinus
well indicated, ventro-caudal angle of lateral lobes
obtusely rounded. vulgare Harris
CC. Dorsal sui-face of shaft of cercus with a very decided sinuate
carination.
D. Tooth of cercus not strongly adpressed against proximal
portion of sinuate carina. Caudal margin of lateral lobes of
pronotum with humeral sinus appreciably indicated and re-
mainder of margin weakly arcuate. Tibiae not blackish.
E. Fastigrium relatively broader. Metazona occupying but
little less than half of dorsal length of pronotum. Lateral
lobes of pronotum relatively shorter, ventro-caudal angle
REHN AND HEBARD 25
acute. (Ventro-external margin of caudal femora generally
unarmed.) bullatum new species
EE. Fastigium relatively narrower. Metazona occupying
distinctly less than half of dorsal length of pronotum.
Lateral lobes of pronotum relatively broader, ventro-
caudal ang'e less acute. (Ventro-external margin of caudal
femora with from two to eight spines.)
laticauda Rcdtenbacher
D. Tooth of cercus strongly adpressed against proximal portion
of sinuate carina. Caudal margin of lateral lobes of pronotum
wdth httle indication of humeral sinus and remainder of margin
distinctly sinuate. All tibiae blackish. (Ventro-external margin
of caudal femora armed.) nigripes Scudder
AA. Cercus moderately elongate or very elongate, portion distad of insertion
of median tooth markedly longer than that proximad of same. General form
relatively more slender.
B. Apex of cercus not decidedly acuminate. Tooth of cercus in position
usual in genus, not dorsad or distinctly ventro-mesad in insertion or not
strongly proximad in trend (except in superbum, which has the tooth dis-
tinctly ventro-mesad in insertion).
C. Lateral lobes of pronotum with no humeral sinus. Genicular
lobes of caudal femora, unispinose. superbum new species
CC. Lateral lobes of pronotmn with more or less decided himaeral
sinus. Genicular lobes of caudal femora bispinose.
D. Lateral lobes of pronotum broad, slightly broader than deep.
Ventro-external margin of caudal femora always armed. General
coloration variegated. (Size small.) minor Bruner
DD. Lateral lobes of pronotum narrower, not quite as broad as
deep. Ventro-external margin of caudal femora verj'^ rarely
armed. General coloration, except face, more uniform. (Size
small to large.) concinnum Scudder
BB. Apex of cercus decidedly acuminate (except in superbum). Tooth of
cercus inserted on level with dorsal plane of cercus (volantum), diverging
from ventro-internal face {bradleyi and unispina) or directed strongly
proximad {fidicinium, militare and fraiernum) .
C. Speculum of stridulating field less elongate and narrow, but
slightly longitudinal.
D. Stridulating area of tegmina of type usual in genus. Dorsal
line of pronotum appreciably ascending dorso-caudad on jneta-
zona. Genicular lobes of caudal femora bispinose.
E. Lateral lobes of pronotum distinctly deeper than broad.
Cercus relatively more slender. Fastigium broader.
militare Rehn and Hebard
EE. Lateral lobes of pronotum as broad as deep. Cercus
relatively more robust. Fastigium narrower.
fidicinium Rehn and Hebard
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
26 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
DD. Stridulating area of tegmina of type more characteristic of
Conocephalus, relatively smaller (except in superbum). Dorsal
line of pronotum not appreciably ascending dorso-caudad on
metazona. Genicular lobes of caudal femora unispinose.
E. Lateral lobes of pronotum relatively narrower, without
a distinct humeral sinus.
F. Cercus very attenuate and not flattened distad.
Speculum of stridulating field short, rather broad.
(Size small.) unispina (Saussm-e and Zehntner)
FF. Cercus not attenuate but thick and somewhat
flattened distad. Speculum of stridulating field rather
narrow, elongate (not as extreme as in bradleyi and vol-
antum). superbum new species
EE. Lateral lobes of pronotum relatively broader, with a
distinct though shallow humeral sinus.
fraternum new species
CC. Speculum of stridulating field decidedly elongate, very narrow,
strongly longitudinal.
D. Tooth of cercus diverging on a plane with dorsum of cereal
shaft, straight, tapering, slightly proximad in trend; distal por-
tion of cereal shaft regularly tapering, quite acute, not strongly
depressed when seen from lateral aspect. Tolantum McNeiU
DD. Tooth of cercus diverging from ventro-internal face, pro-
jecting distinctly proximad; distal portion of cereal shaft sub-
arcuate, moderately acute, strongly depressed when seen from
lateral aspect. bradleyi new species
FEMALES
Females of superbum, unispina and fraternum are unknown.
A. Dorsal outline of ovipositor wholly or in greater portion straight. (Length
of ovipositor always more than one-half that of caudal femur.)
B. Ovipositor not equal to two-thirds of length of caudal femur.
C. Ventral margin of ovipositor regularly arcuate, greatest depth
approximately mesad. Ventro-caudal angle of lateral lobes more
rounded. volantum McNeill
CC. Ventral margin of ovipositor straight for over half its length,
proximal half of ovipositor subequal in depth, narrowing on distal
half. Ventro-caudal angle of lateral lobes more acute.
bradleyi new species
BB. Ovipositor equal to two-thirds or more of length of caudal femur.
C. Ovipositor very heavy, ensiform, ventral margin arcuate, greatest
depth mesad. Humeral sinus not strongly indicated.
gladiator Bruner
CC. Ovipositor narrow, elongate, subequal in depth, both margins
straight for greater portion of their length. Humeral sinus strongly
indicated. militare Rehn and Ilebard
AA. Dorsal outline of ovipositor always regularly, but more or less decidedly,
arcuate.
REHX AND HEBARD 27
B. Ovipositor less than half as long as the caudal femur.
C. Ovipositor not deeper at some point distad of base than at base.
(Lateral lobes of pronotum narrow.) agile (DeGeer)
CC. Ovipositor deeper at some point distad of base than at base.
D. Ovipositor with general form less arcuate.
E. Lateral lobes of pronotum broader, ventral portion of
caudal margin of same consideral:)ly arcuate, convex cal-
losity very broad. glaberrimum (Burmeister)
EE. Lateral lobes of pronotum naiTower, ventral portion of
caudal margin of same little arcuate, convex callosity com-
paratively narrower. concinnum Scudder (Part)
DD. Ovipositor with general form more arcuate.
E. Fastigium more robust. Caudal margin of lateral lobes
of pronotum with deeply impressed humeral sinus. Ventro-
external margin of caudal femora generally unspined.
vulgare Harris
EE. Fastigium less robust. Caudal margin of lateral lobes
of pronotum with but sUght indication of humeral sinus.
Ventro-external margin of caudal femora always spined.
calcaratum new species
BB. Ovipositor more than half as long as the caudal femur.
C. Ovipositor strongly falcate.
D. Caudal margin of latetal lobes of pronotum sinuate or sub-
sinuate ventrad of humeral sinus.
E. Ventro-cephaUc angle of lateral lobes little indicated.
Ventro-external margin of caudal femora generally uiLspined.
Tibiae not blackish. bullatum new species
EE. Ventro-cephalic angle of lateral lobes more pronounced.
Ventro-external margin of caudal femora spined. Tibiae
blackish. nigripes Scudder
DD. Caudal margin of lateral lobes of pronotum gently arcuate
ventrad of humeral sinus. (Ventro-external margin of caudal
femora with 2 to 8 spines.) laticauda Rcdtenbacher
C. Ovipositor gently arcuate, never falcate in degi-ee of curvature.
D. Lateral lobes of pronotum deeper than greatest breadth.
Humeral sinus moderately indicated.
concmniun Scudder (Part)
DD. Lateral lobes of pronotum broader than deep. Humeral
sinus of average (minor) or decided {fidicinium) indication.
E. Ovipositor proportionately deeper, dorsal line straighter.
Tegmen more coriaceous. (Coloration variegated.)
minor Bruner
EE. Ovipositor proportionately shallower, dorsal line more
arcuate. Tegmen more vitreous. (Coloration more uni-
form.) fidicinium Rehn and Hebard
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
28 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Specimens Examined. — ^The total number of specimens listed
in the present paper is 2590, of which almost one-half were col-
lected by one or both of the present authors. In addition to the
specimens listed in the present paper some hundreds of individ-
uals which had been previously recorded by us were re-examined
and used in forming the conclusions here reached by us. These,
however, have not been treated in detail but will be found indi-
cated by localities at the end of the individual summaries of
material under the species.
The abbreviations used in tabulating specimens will, we feel,
be perfectly clear to anyone using the paper, as they are of the
general type which we have been uniformly using for some time.
The present authors are indicated by their respective initials and
the institutions by the initial letters of their names. In the case
of other individuals the name is given in full. Specimens col-
lected by the authors which are not indicated as in the collection
of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia or the Hebard
Collection are to be understood as jointly the property of these
two collections, between which they are to be divided.
The types of the following forms have been examined in the
preparation of the present study.
0. molossum Rehn and Hebard = agile (DeGeer)
0. erythrocephalum Dsivis — glaherrimu7n (Burmeister)
0. gladiator Bruner
0. calcaratum new species
0. hullatum new species
0. pulchellum Davis = laticauda Redtenbacher
0. nigripes Scudder
0. minor Bruner
0. concinnum Scudder
0. longipennis Scudder = concww/m Scudder
0. gracile Bruner {deUcatum Bruner) = concinnum Scudder
0. fidicinium Rehn and Hebard
0. crusculum T>&y\^= fidicinium Rehn and Hebard
0. militare Rehn and Hebard
0. bradleyi new species
0. superbum new species
0. fraternu7>i new species
In addition to these wc have examined authentic material,
labelled by the author, of Orchelimum indianense, campestre and
volantum Blatchley.
REHN AND HEBARD 29
Acknowledgments. — We wish to tender our thanks to Dr. Sam-
uel Henshaw of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Mr. A. N.
Caudell of the United States National Museum, Mr. W. T. Davis
of New Brighton, New York, and Prof. A. P. Morse of Wellesley,
Massachusetts, for their courtesy in placing at our disposal the
material of the genus in the collections under their charge or in
their possession. To Mr. Davis, especially, we are under great
obligation for not only material but numerous suggestions, as
well as copies of important correspondence relative to the identity
of certain species of the genus. Any call we have made on him
has been cheerfully answered to the fullest extent of his ability.
Orchelimum agUe (DeGeer) (Figs. 6, 18, 35, 36 and 69.)
1773. Locusia agilis DeGeer, Mem. Hist. Ins., iii, p. 457, pi. 40, fig. 3. [Penn-
sylvania.]
1839. Orchelimum glaucum Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins., Orth., p. 524. [North
America.]
1891. Orchelimum silvalicum McNeill, Fsyche, vi, p. 2Q. (February.) [Rock
Island, Illinois.]
1891. Xiphidium {Orchelimum) nitidum Redtenbacher, Verb. k.-k. zool.-
botan. Gesellschaft Wien, xli, pp. 494, 503. (July.) [Georgia.]
1891. Xiphidium {Orchelimum) spimdosum Redtenbacher, Ibid., pp. 495, 503.
(July.) [North Carohna.]
1907. Orchelimum molossum Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1907, p. 307, figs. 4 to 6. [Pablo Beach, Florida.]
While previously of the opinion that agilis of DeGeer was the
same as Harris' vulgare,^^ we now feel that this view is erroneous
and that the name properly belongs to the present species. Ana-
lyzing DeGeer's description and comparing it with females of the
present species and imlgare, we find that in size {%. e., of Pennsyl-
vania material), in the relative length of the ovipositor, which
Stal in discussing DeGeer's type says is ''femoribus posticis plus
dimidio breviore," in the several spines on the caudal femora
and in the greenish costal edging of the tegmina the present species
is in agreement with the description, while in the same features
vulgare shows differences. The relative proportions of the head,
pronotum and caudal limbs in the original figure are also those
of the present species.
The remainder of the above synonymy has been established
only after a careful study of the literature involved, typical mate-
11 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1910, p. 640, (1911).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
30 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
rial of molossum and the extensive representation of this species
now in our hands. The description of silvaticum is brief and
unsatisfactory, only non-essential characters being mentioned,
but there is sufficient in the way of proportions and remarks on
the relationship, supplemented later by McNeill's key, to enable
us to place the name with some degree of certainty. In the
synonymizing of molossum and nitidum we are compelled to re-
verse our previous definition of the latter^-, which name we for-
merly considered to belong to the species later named pulchellum
by Davis, and for which we here use Redtenbacher's name lati'-
cauda. This reversal we feel is warranted, as we are now able
to state that the species to which we tl^en applied the name niti-
dum was before Redtenbacher when he described the latter and
formed the basis of his laticauda. By changing our views we
must place molossum in the synonymy. The name spinulosum
was based on small, shorter winged individuals of nitidum, which
had the dorsum of the pronotum infuscate or possessed paired
pronotal bars, while the typical material of nitidum was uni-
colorous on the pronotum. This more or less varied infuscation
of the dorsum of the pronotum with additional dark bars means
nothing of diagnostic value in this or several other species of the
genus, while our series shows greater range in general size and
tegminal proportions than given in the descriptions of nitidum and
spinulosum by Redtenbacher.
In size we find a general, or rather average, increase southward.
In using the word "southward" it should here be qualified in
meaning to designate the Austroriparian element which extends
northward along the low coastal region, instead of mere southern
latitude. However, this average southern increase is not in-
variable, as in numerous series, such as those from Tinicum, Lake
Waccamaw, Tybee Island, Jacksonville, Ortega and Atlantic
Beach, we find very considerable individual variation. In addi-
tion, local, probably environmental, factors seem to influence
size, as the Atlantic Beach series averages appreciably smaller
than the Jacksonville representation, while the Wrightsville and
Tybee Island salt marsh specimens are as a whole decidedly
smaller than specimens from the comparatively close localities
of Winter Park and Cumberland Island respectively.
12 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1907, p. 306, (1907).
REHN AND HEBARD 31
Individuals with greatly produced tegmina and wings crop out
unexpectedly in several of the series, there being one from Phila-
delphia, one from Cornwells, Pennsylvania, several from Washing-
ton, a number from Virginia, one from Raleigh, one from Wil-
mington, North Carolina, several from Winter Park, North
Carolina, one from Albany, Georgia, and one from Live Oak,
Florida.
The number of spines on the distal portion of the ventro-
external margin of the caudal femora was found on the examina-
tion of thirt}^ indiscriminately selected individuals in the largest
series, i. e. that from Tinicum, Pennsylvania, to vary from 0 to
5. The exact figures are as follows: 0 and 3 spines, 1 specimen;
1 and 3 spines, 2 specimens; 2 and 2 spines, 3 specimens; 2 and
3 spines, 7 specimens; 3 and 3 spines, 10 specimens; 3 and 4
spines, 3 specimens; 3 and 5 spines, 1 specimen; 4 and 4 spines,
2 specimens; 4 and 5 spines, 1 specimen.
From this it is seen that in half the total the number of spines
on the same margin of the caudal femora agrees, while in an
equal number there is a more or less marked discrepancy. Very
marked discrepancy is, apparently, not as frequent as a discrep-
ancy of a single spine.
In the coloration of the dorsal surface of the head and pronotum
w^e find every conceivable transition between one with that sur-
face of the clear glass greenish of the lateral aspects and of the
tegmina, to the other extreme with paired diverging dark brown-
ish lines extending caudad at least to the principal transverse
sulcus, between which lines the dorsum is more or less infuscate,
occasionally so much so that these bordering lines are distin-
guished with difficult}-.
Distribution. — Coastal Plain and adjacent portion of the Pied-
mont Region of the eastern states from as far north as south-
eastern Pennsylvania (CoUegeville, Cornwells, Chestnut Hill,
Philadelphia and Tinicum) and southern New Jersey (north as
far as Westvillc and Ventnor) south to southern Floritla, west
as far as south-central Kansas (Wichita; Isely), Arkansas and the
Mississip])i Valley section of Louisiana (Buras and Milnelnirg),
and north in the Mississippi Valley at least as far as northern
Illinois (Rock Island; McNeill) and west central Indiana (Vigo
County; Blatchley).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
■32 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Specimens Examined: 519; 280 &, 231 9 , 2 juv. cf, 6 juv. 9 .
Collegeville, Pennsylvania, IX, 21 and 22, 1909, (H. Fox; meadow), 3 cf ,
:8 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Cornwells, Pennsylvania, X, 1906, (R. & H.; in meadow land), 1 cf, 1 9 ;
IX, 7, 1914, (H.; in vegetation along river and in marsh), 17 c?', 16 9 .
Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania, IX, 18, 1903, (H.), 4 0=^, 4 9 .
Addingham, Pennsylvania, VIII, 8, 1914, (D. E. Culver), 1 cf , 1 9, [A. N.
S. P.].
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, (Westcott), 1 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Gibson's Pomt, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, VIII, 11, 1910, VIII, 19, 1911,
(H. Fox), 13 o^, 3 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Tinicum, Pennsylvania, VIII, 13, 1911, IX, 29, 1903 and 1913, IX, 9, 1904,
(R. & H.; in meadow land), 71 cT, 53 9 •
WestviUe, New Jersey, VIII, 31, 1899, (G. M. Greene), 2 9, [A. N. S. P.].
Jericho, New Jersey, IX, 6, 1910, (H. Fox; in marsh), 1 cf , 2 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Ventnor, New Jersey, VIII, 17 and 26, 1914, (H.; grasses and marshy spots
as well as grassy clumps on the higher areas), 27 cf , 20 9,2 juv. cf , 6 juv. 9 .
Canton, New Jersey, IX, 7, 1910, (H. Fox), 1 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Dorchester, New Jersey, IX, 4, 1910, (H. Fox; marsh), 3 d", 3 9, [A. N.
S. P.].
Cedar Springs, New Jersey, VIII, 14 and 26, 1914, (H.; common in fresh
marsh grasses and rushes along river), 19 cf', 20 9 •
Ocean View, New Jersey, IX, 4 and 6, 1909, (H. Fox; upland meadow bor-
dering salt marsh), 6 cf 5 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Sea Isle City, New Jersey, VIII, 15, 1910, (H. Fox; in tall grasses and Cyperis),
11 c^,2 9,[A. N. S. P.].
Goshen, New Jersey, VIII, 22, 1910, VIII, 27, 1912, (H. Fox), 4 d^, 3 9,
[A. N. S. P.].
Avalon, New Jersey, VIII, 12 and 20, 1910, VIII, 12, 1911, (H. Fox; in sedge
in dune depression), 6 cf, 8 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Anglesea, New Jersey, IX, 6, (W. T. Davis) 1 c?, 1 9, [Davis Cln.].
Near Town Bank, New Jersey, VIII, 15, 1912, (W. T. Davis), 1 d", [U. S.
N. M.].
Erma, New Jersey, VIII, 19, 1912, (W. T. Davis), 1 9, [U. S. N. M.].
Cape May, New Jersey, IX, 24, 1910, (H. Fox), 2 c^, 4 9, [A. N. S. P.].
Newcastle, Delaware, VIII, 6, 1911, (H. Fox), 1 cf , [A. N. S. P.].
Montgomery Co., Maryland, IX, 23, 1911, (W. T. Davis), Id',! 9, [Davis
Chi.].
Chestertown, Maryland, VIII, 25, 1899, (E. G. Vanatta), 1 9, [A. N. S. P.].
Cedar Point, Morgantown, Maryland, VIII, 24, 1913, (W. L. McAtee), 1 d,
1 9,[U. S. N. M.].
HyattsviUe, Maryland, IX, 17, 1911, (W. T. Davis), 1 d, [U. S. N. M.].
Wasliington, D. C, IX, 1883, 1 c^, 3 9, [Hebard Cln.]; IX, 3 to 11, (A. N.
Caudell), 5 cf, 3 9, [U. S. N. M.]; VII and VIII, 1904 and 1909, (H. A.
AUard), 3 cr,3 9, [U.S.N. M.].
Virginia, VIII, 14, X, 1, 1883, 3 c^, 9 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Rosslyn, Virginia, IX, X, 20, (A. N. Caudell), 4 cf , 2 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
REHN AND HEBARD 33
Addison, Virginia, X, 6, 1912, (A. N. Caudell), 1 c?, 1 9, [U. S. X. M.].
Appomattox, Virginia, IX, 6, 1903, (Morse), 3 cf , 6 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Virginia Beach, Virginia, IX, 7, 1903, (Morse), Id',! 9, [Morse Cln.].
Hamlet, North Carolina, X, 1906, (F. Sherman), 1 9 , [X. C. Dept. of Agric.].
Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina, IX, 8, 1911, (R. & H.; in high weeds near
lake shore), 9 cf , 10 9.
Wilmington, North Carohna, VII, 23, 1905, (J. P. Spoon), 1 o^ [X. C. Dept.
of Agi-ic.].
Winter Park, North CaroUna, IX, 7, 1911, (R. & H.; in grasses in field), 2 c?.
Wrightsville, North Carolina, IX, 7, 1911, (R. & H.; in weeds on barrier
beach), 1 cf.
Yemassee, South Carohna, IX, 4, 1911, (R. & H.; in grasses), 1 cf , 3 9 .
Thompson's Mills, Georgia, 1908, X, 1909, (H. A. AUard), 2 c?, 1 9, [U. S.
N. M.].
Stone Mountain, Georgia, IX, 12, 1913, (J. C. Bradley), 1 d, [Ga. State
Cln.].
Albany, Georgia, VIII, 1, 1913, (R. & H.; attracted to light at night), 1 9 .
IlebardviUe, Georgia, VIII, 28, 1911, (H.) 1 d.
Jesup, Georgia, IX, 1, 1911, (R. & H.; in swamp in pine woods), 1 d^, 1 9 .
Cumberland Island, Georgia, VIII, 31, 1911, (R. & H.; in weeds on beach),
3 cf, 1 9.
Tybee Island, Georgia, IX, 2, 1911, (R. & H.; scarce in marsh grass), 3cf ,
29.
Savamiah, Georgia, VIII, 13 to 14, 1903, (Morse), 11 cf , 8 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Live Oak, Florida, VIII, 26, 1911, (R. & H.), 1 d.
Jacksonville, Florida, (Priddey), 3 d; VIII, 1885, (Ashmead), 2 d^, 2 9,
[Hebard Cln.].
South Jacksonville, Florida, IX, 28, 1913, (W. T. Davis), 1 9 , [Davis Cln.].
Ortega, Florida, IX, 6, 1913, (W. T. Davis), 2 cf , 3 9 , [Davis Cln.].
Pablo Beach, Florida, IX, 27, 1913, (W. T. Davis), 1 d, [Davis Chi.].
Atlantic Beach, Florida, VIII, 24, 1911, (R. & H.; fairly common on high
weeds in hammock jungle), 5 cf , 2 9 .
Hastings, Florida, VIII, 7 to X. 15, (A. J. Brown), 2 c?, 4 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Sanford, Florida, (G. B. Frazer), 2 d, [M. C. Z.].
Carrabelle, Florida, VIII, 9, 1903, (Morse), 1 d, [Morse Cln.].
Marianna, Florida, VIII, 6, 1903, (Morse) 1 d", [Morse Cln.].
Quincy, Florida, X, 27, 1905, (W. A. Hooker), 1 d, [U. S. N. M.].
Alabama, 1 d, [Hebard Cln.]; 1 d, [Morse Cln.].
Chattanooga, Tennessee, VIII, 24, 1903, (Mor.se), 3 cf , 4 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Lafayette, Indiana, X, 14, 1914, (H. Fox), 1 9, [Fox Cln.].
Southern Illinois, 1 9 , [M. C. Z.].
Arkansas, 1 9, [U.S. N. M.].
Milneburg, Louisiana, VII, 22, 1905, (Morse), 7 cf, 9 9, [Morse Cln.].
Buras, Louisiana, VII, 23, 1905, (Morse), 1 d, [Morse Cln.].
We have also recorded this species from Thomasville, Georgia, as nilidum;
from Pablo Beach, Gainesville, Lakeland and Everglade, Florida, Edenton,
Newbern and Raleigh, North Carolina and Rosslyn, \irginia, as molossum
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
34 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
and from Raleigh, North Carolina, and Chestnut Hill and Tinicum, Penn-
sylvania as spinulosum.
Orchelimum glaberrimum (Burmeister) (Figs. 7, 19, 37, 38 and 70.)
1838. X[iphidium] (jlaberrimum Burmeister, Handb. der Entom., ii, abth. ii,
pt. 1, p. 707. [Georgetown, South Carolina.]
1839. Orchelimum cuticulare Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins. Orth., p. 523. [No
locality.]
1905. Orchelimum erythrocephalum Davis, Canad. Entom., xxxvii, p. 288.
[Lakehurst, Toms River and "Ocean Co.," New Jersey.]
'We have traced out the movements of Zimmermann, who
collected the material on which Burmeister founded the species,
and find that Georgetown, South Carolina, is the only locality
which he had visited in "South Carolina" up to the time Bur-
meister's work appeared. Accordingly we have selected that
place as the type locality. An effort to locate the original mate-
rial has been unsuccessful, the only thing positive being the
assurance from Prof. 0. Taschenberg that it does not exist in the
Halle collections.
Regarding the synonymy of cuticulare with the present species,
a careful study of the description of Serville's species shows con-
clusively that they are the same. The name cuticulare has been
erroneously used by Redtenbacher for a species which we are
here naming calcaratum. The lack of appreciation by some
European workers of American geography and the settlement of
the country is evidenced by the reference of a form described as
long ago as 1839, to a species found only in a region which up to
that time was largely the proverbial howling wilderness, trav-
ersed only by pioneers and strong government detachments.
Mr. Davis has been kind enough to place in our hands an exten-
sive series of New Jersey, North Carohna and Florida specimens
of this species, those from the first mentioned state being typical
of his erythrocephalum. These confirm the previously expressed
opinion of the authors regarding the synonymy of the two forms.
The smaller size of the New Jersey specimens is explained when
a series representing localities extending from that state to Florida
is laid out, as the increase in size southward is in general regular,
with, however, the usual amount and percentage of individual
variation found in forms of this genus. Environment also is
without doubt an influencing factor in regard to size. In no
REHN AND HEBARD 35
case, however, is a New Jersey specimen as large as the average
North Carohna individual.
As an index to the average amount of this geographic size
variation we here present the proportions (in millimeters) of
representative pairs of average dimensions for the series from
that locality.
Lakehurst, Fayetteville, Florence,
New Jersey North Carolina South Carolina
d' 9 d' 9 d" 9
Length of body 20.2 22. Tj 25 2.3.2 25. .5 24.7
Length of pronotum 5.9 5.9 6.5 6.5 6.8 7
Length of caudal femur 17.3 18 19.8 20.5 20 21
Length of o\ipositor 9.2 .... 10.2 .... 10
Billy's Island, South Jackson-
Georgia ville, Florida
d' ? cf 9
Length of body 22.5 27 24 23.2
Length of pronotum 7 7.3 8 7.5
Length of caudal femiu- 21 21.8 23 . 3 22
Length of ovipositor 10 .... 10
The body length is, as usual, unreliable on account of the
frequent unnatural compression or extension.
The length of the tegmina and wings is as variable in this
species as in vulgare, the caudate type of tegmen and wing appear-
ing in any extensive series. We have before us specimens with
the tegmina and wings considerably surpassing the apices of the
caudal femora from Lakehurst, Chatsworth, Jamesburg, Park-
dale and Atsion, New Jersey; Bayville, Virginia; Fayetteville
and Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina; Florence and Yemassee,
South Carolina; Albany, Groveland, Thomasville, Billy's Island,
Tybee Island and Jesup, Georgia, and Jacksonville, South Jack-
sonville, Pablo Beach, La Grange and Cedar Keys, Florida.
An examination of one hundred and eleven specimens for the
presence or absence of spines on the ventro-external margin of
the caudal femora gives figures which support our former con-
tention ^'^ regarding the variability of this feature. We are able
here to go more fully into this matter and present details of the
spine count. Twenty-one New Jersey specimens bear no spines
on this margin, while fifty-three have one or more spines. Of this
fiftj'-thrce, the combinations of spines and number for each are
given below with the figures for series from four other localities.
isproc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1910, p. 639, (1911).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
36 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Various New
Jersey localities
Raleigh,
North Carolina
Florence, Billy's Island,
South Carolina Georgia
South Jackson
ville, Florida
0-0
21
1
3
2
1
0-1
8
2
0
2
1
0-2
7'
0
0
0
0
0-3
1
0
0
0
0
1-1
7
0
1
2
1
1-2
9
0
2
1
0
1-3
3
0
1
1
1
2-2
7
0
0
1
3
2-3
6
1
1
1
2
2-4
0
1
0
0
0
3-3
0
1
0
0
0
3-4
4
0
0
0
2
3-5
0
1
0
0
0
3-6
0
1
0
0
0
4-4
1
0
0
0
0
In forty-two specimens from Lakehurst, New Jersey, we find
thirty-two with the external margin of the caudal femora with
one or more spines and ten without spines.
. The red or reddish coloration of the head is almost invariably
well marked in northern (i. e., New Jersey) specimens, but in
material from the southern portion of the range of the species
this is not as decidedly indicated, being often of a paler shade,
although occasionally individuals are just as highly, or rather
deeply, colored as New Jersey specimens.
Distribution. — -As shown by material before us, the range of
this species extends over the greater portion of the Coastal Plain
of the eastern United States from north-central New Jersey
(Old Bridge, Helmetta and Jamesburg) south to southern Florida,
inland at least as far as the western edge of the Pine Barren
region in New Jersey, in North Carolina as far as Raleigh and in
Georgia extending at least as far inland as Macon. Westward
along the Gulf Coast we know the species ranges at least as far
asj^southern Mississippi. Redtenbacher has also recorded it
from Tennessee, Missouri, Texas and "Rocky Mountains, Colo-
rado," the last certainly in error and the others possibly so.
Ashmead has recorded glaherrimum from Utica, Mississippi and
Allard credits it to Thompsons Mills, Georgia, but in the former
case there may be some confusion with long-winged vulgare, and
in the latter we find from the material this to be the case, so it
seems most advisable to base our summary of the geographic
REHN AND HEBARD 37
range of the species solely on the specimens examined b}^ us.
For comments on other records of glaberrimum see under the
distribution of vulgare.
Specimens Examined: 247, 191 cf, 48 9,4 juv. cf , 4 juv. 9 .
Ocean County, New Jersey, VIII, 25, 1 9 , [Davis Cln.].
Lakehm-st, New Jersey, VII, 16 to 30, VIII, 15 to 22, IX, 4 to 24, X, 18,
(W. T. Davis), 40 cf , 4 9, [Davis Cln.]. Paratypes of Orchelimum eryUiro-
cephalum Davis.
Jamesbiirg, New Jersey, VIII, 11, IX, 19 to 20, (W. T. Davis), 10 d', [Davis
Cln.].
Old Bridge, New Jersey, X, 8, 1909, (W. T. Davis), 1 o", [Davis Cln.].
Cassville, New Jersey, VIII, 1910,, (W. T. Davis), 2 cf , [Davis Cln.].
South of Cassville, New Jersey, VIII, 12, 1911, (\V. T. Davis). 1 c?, [Davis
Cln.].
WhitesviUe, New Jersey, VIII, 22, 1912, (W. T. Davis), 3 cf , [Davis Cln.].
Chatsworth, New Jersey, VIII, 14 to 21, 1912, (W. T. Davis), 12 cf, 2 9,
[Davis Cln.].
High Bridge, Ocean County, New Jersey, VIII, 12, 1911, (W. T. Davis),
1 &, [Davis Cln.].
Toms River, New Jersey, VIII, 15, 1S85, (W. T. Davis), 2 d", [Davis Cln.,
and Hebard Cln.].
Brown's Mills Junction, New Jersey, VIII, 4, 1905, (E. Daecke), 1 cf , [Hebard
Cln.].
Atsion, New Jersey, VII, 3, 1911, X, 8, 1903, (R. & H.), 1 cf , 1 9 , [Hebard
Cln.]; VIII, 14, 1911, (W. T. Davis), 1 c^, [Davis Cln.].
Parkdale, New Jensey, VII, 30, 1911, (R. & H.), 2 c?, 1 9 •
May's Landing, New Jersey, VIII, 26 and 29, 1914, (H.; moderately com-
mon in marshy area, singing loudly in afternoon, scarcely at all after dark),
15 &.
Reega, New Jersey, VIII, 20 and 29, 1914, (H.; in high grass in open glade
in pine woods, immature individuals found on first date), 4 d^, 1 9,1 juv. 9 •
Between Woodbine and Belleplain, New Jersey, VIII, 21, 1912, (H. Fo.x),
1 d^, [A. N. S. P.].
Belleplain, New Jersey, VIII, 21, 1912, IX, 2, 1909, (H. Fox; gi-assy area
in pine woods), 3 c?, [A. N. S. P.].
Great Cedar Swamp near Sea Isle Junction, New Jersey, VII, 29, 1911, VIII,
27, 1910, X, 15, 1910, (H. Fox), 15 cf , [A. N. S. P.].
Cedar Swamp Bog, two miles east of North Dennisville, New Jersey, \'III,
18, 1908, (H. Fox), 1 o^, [A. N. S. P.].
Virginia Beach, Virginia, IX, 7, 1903, (Morse), 1 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Cape Henry, Virginia, IX, 7, 1903, (Morse), 1 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Raleigh, North Carolina, X, 3 d", 7 9 , [Davis Cln.].
Goldsboro, North Carohna, VII, 25, 1913, (R. & II.), 1 juv. 9 .
FayetteviUe, North Carolina, IX, 9, 1911, (R. & H.; common in grasses and
weeds), 1 d^, 4 9.
Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina, IX, 8, 1911, (R. & H.), 2 d".
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
38 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Wilmington, North Carolina, IX, 8, 1911, (R. & H.; in boggy area where
Venus-fly-trap (Dionca) grew), 1 cf , 1 9 ; VIII, 1, (G. P. Engelhardt) , 1 cf ,
[Davis Cln.].
Wrightsville, North Carolina, IX, 7, 1911, (R. & H.; in oak scrub), 1 cf .
Smithville, North CaroHna, XI, 22, 2 d", [M. C. Z.J.
Florence, South Carolina, IX, 6, 1911, (R. & H.; in open space with high
grass), 5 cf , 3 9 .
Ashley Junction, South CaroUna, VIII, 15, 1913, (R.; in wet spots in pine
woods), 1 juv. 9 .
Yemassee, South CaroUna, IX, 4, 1911, (R. & H.; in green grasses along
railroad), 3 cf .
Denmark, South Carohna, VIII, 15, 1903, (Morse), 1 d', 1 ?, [Morse Cln.].
Macon, Georgia, VII, 30 to 31, 1913, (R. &. H), 3 juv. cf , 1 juv. 9 ■
Tybee Island, Georgia, IX, 2, 1911, (H. ; in high grasses along edge of tidal
marsh), 2 d^.
Savannah, Georgia, VIII, 14, 1903, (Morse), 4 d', 2 9, [Morse Cln.].
Groveland, Cannoche River, Georgia, VIII, 28, 1913, (J. C. Bradley), 1 cf ,
[Ga. State Cln.].
Jesup, Georgia, IX, 1, 1911, (H.; in swamp in pine woods), 2 cf , 1 9 .
BiUy's Island, Georgia, IX, 1 to 5, 1913, (J. C. Bradley), 10 cf , 1 9 •
HomerviUe, Georgia, VIII, 27, 1911, (R. & H.), 1 d.
Albany, Georgia, VIII, 1, 1913, (R. & H.; in tangles), 1 cf .
Atlantic Beach, Florida, VIII, 24, 1911, (R. & H.; in marshy land on edge
of hammocks), 1 cf .
Pablo Beach, Florida, IX, 5, 1913, (W. T. Davis), 1 cf , [Davis Cln.].
South Jacksonville, Florida, IX, 7 and 28, 1913, (W. T. Davis), 11 cf, 2 9,
[Davis Cln.].
Hastings, Florida, VIII, 7 to X, 15, (A. J. Brown), 16 cf , 11 9 , [Morse Chi.].
La Grange, Florida, IX, 9 & X, 1913, (W. T. Davis), 2 cf , 1 9 , [Davis Cln.].
Alabama, 1 cf , 1 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Flomaton, Alabama, VIII, 2, 1903, (Morse), 1 cf , [Morse Chi.].
Nugent, Mississippi, VII, 20, 1905, (Morse), 19,1 juv. 9, [Morse Chi.].
Biloxi, Mississippi, VII, 19, 1905, (Morse), 1 cf , [Morse Cln.].
Gulfport, Mississippi, VII, 18, 1905, (Morse)^ 1 cf , [Morse Cln.].
In addition to these records Smith has reported the species from Tuckerton,
New Lisbon and Lahaway, New Jersey; while the present authors have re-
corded specimens from Bayville, Virginia; Newbern and Winter Park, North
CaroUna; Thomasville and Waynesville, Georgia, and San Pablo, Jacksonville.
Gainesville, Cedar Keys and Everglade, Florida. The present authors' record
from Edenton, North CaroUna, refers to vulgare, under which species it is cor-
rected. Fox has erroneously recorded this species from Rockville, Pennsyl-
vania, the material being vulgare, and from between Winslow and Folsom,
New Jersey, the latter specimens belonging to our new superhutn.
Orchelimum vulgare Harris (Figs. 8, 20, 39, 40 and 71.)
1841. Orchelimu7n vulgare Harris, Ins. Inj. Veget., p. 130. [Massachusetts.]
Tliis species is very closely related to 0. glaherrimiim (Burmeis-
ter), but wliile the present form ranges over the Carolinian,
REHN AND HEBARD 39
Transition and portions of the Canadian life zones, glaberrimum
is chiefly restricted to the Austroriparian zone. The ranges
of the two touch and possibly to a slight degree overlap, but
there is no definite intergradation of the material, typical indi-
viduals of each occurring side by side at certain localities on the
meeting ground of the two species.
The great difficulty in the past with these two names {i. e.,
glaberrimum and vulgare) has been due to the failure of authors
to comprehend the real characters separating them. Large
specimens of vulgare and individuals of the same with caudate
tegmina and wings were called glaberrimum regardless of the
good structural characters which separate the two. All the
glaberrimum records from the normal range of vulgare are pro-
bably these long-winged vulgare, but those records from the line
where the species meet cannot be assigned without examination
of the original material.
The general characters separating the two species are; the
generally larger, frequently much larger, size of glaberrimum, the
relatively broader and shallower fastigium of the same form, the
broader lateral lobes of the pronotum of vulgare, the generallj^more
elongate speculum of the stridulating field of the male tegmina
of glaberrimum, the preapical node on the dorsal surface of the
male cercus in vulgare, this being absent in glaberriuium, and the
straighter and less falcate ovipositor of the female of glaberrimum.
In general size vulgare holds rather small northward, material
from the more southern localities averaging larger, this being
quite noticeable in specimens from North Carolina, Missouri,
south-central Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas localities. However,
like the other forms of this genus, individual variation at any
one place is very considerable, and in series averaging large we
will find small or medium sized individuals and vice versa. In
no case, however, does this species reach the great size frequently
attained by glaberrimum.
Individuals with elongate tegmina and wings, i. e., these very
considerably exceeding the tips of the caudal femora, occur in
the material before us from all over the range of the species. The
localities represented by this phase in the series before us are:
North Saugus and Seekonk, Massachusetts; Port Allegany and
Rockville, Pennsylvania; Delaware; Chestertown, Maryland;
PEANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
40 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
Washington, District of Columbia; Virginia; Grant County, West
Virginia; Linville, North Carolina; Thompsons Mills, Georgia;
Indiana; Illinois; Clarksville, Tennessee; St. Louis, Missouri; Iowa
City and Dallas County, Iowa; West Point, Kearney, Lincoln
and Neligh, Nebraska; Topeka, Barber County, Hiawatha and
Belpre, Kansas, and Dallas, Texas.
An examination of the series before us shows that normally the
ventro-external margins of the caudal femora are unspined in
this species, only occasional specimens having one or two spines.
Forty-eight specimens from five representative localities show
counts as follows:
Saunderatown,
Rhode Island
Tinicum,
Pennsylvania
Sulphur Springs,
North Carolina
St. Louis,
Missouri
West Point,
Nebraska
0-0 0-0
0-0
0-0
2-2
0-0
0-0
0-0
0-0 0-0
0-0 0-0
0-0
0-0
0-0
0-0
0-0
0-1
0-0 0-0
0-0 0-0
0-0
0-0
0-0
0-0
0-0
0-1
1-1 0-0
0-0 0-0
0-0
0-0
0-0
0-0
0-0
0-0
0-0 0-0
0-0
0-0
0-0
0-0
0-0
0-0
0-0 0-0
Distribution^^. — Extending from southern Maine (Norway;
Smith), southern Quebec (Montreal; Caulfield), the Muskoka
region of Ontario (Walker) , north shore of Lake Superior (Caul-
field) and Minnesota (Lugger), south in the east as far as north-
ern Georgia (Thompsons Mills; Allard), north of the Carolinas
extending eastward to the coast, in the Carolinas east as far as
Raleigh (Brimley) and Edenton, in the interior south to at least
Tennessee, northwest Arkansas (Fayette ville) and northeast
Texas (Dallas), west to the foot of the Rocky Mountains in Colo-
rado (Manitou) and eastern Wyoming (Thomas). Certainly the
majority of the glaherrimum records from this region refer to
long-winged vulgare, except in the Pine Barrens of New Jersey
where glaherrimum reaches its northern limit, while it is possible
some of the interior records refer to gladiator and calcaratum.
The record of this species from Chokoloskee, Florida, by the pres-
ent authors is erroneous, the material having been from else-
where.
Specimens Examined: 467; 248 cf; 195 9; 10 juv. cT; 14 juv. 9.
Montreal, Quebec, Canada, (Lyman), 1 9 , [M. C. Z.j.
Windsor, Ontario, Canada, IX, 1894, 3 cT, [Cornell Univ.].
1* Owing to the great confusion previously existing between the present
species and 0. glaherrimum, we are here considering as trustworthy only such
records as our material gives reason to believe are correct.
REHN AND HEBARD 41
Brunswick, Maine, IX, 2, 1913, (Morse), 1 cf, [Morse Cln.].
Norway, Maine, (S. I. Smith), 4 c?, 2 9, [M. C. Z.].
Vermont, 2 cf , 1 9 , [M. C. Z.].
Jaffrey, New Hampshire, IX, 5 to 18, 1896, (S. Henshaw), 4 9, [M. C. Z.].
Seabrook, New Hampshire, (A. A. Eaton), 1 d", [U. S. N. M.].
Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 1 c^, 1 9 , [M. C. Z.].
Provincetown, Massachusetts, 1 9, [M. C. Z.].
Chatham, Massachusetts, VIII, 1904, (Morse), 2 9, [Morse On.].
Seekonk, Massachusetts, (Mrs. Brigham), 1 cT, [M. C. Z.].
North Saugus, Massachusetts, IX, 6, 1906, (C. C. Gowday), 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.J.
Truro, Massachusetts, IX, 4, 1904, (Morse), 1 c?, [Morse Cln.].
Vicinity of Boston, Massachusetts, (Scudder), 1 9, [M. C. Z.].
WoUaston, Massachusetts, VII, 1896, VIII, 1895, (F. H. Sprague), 2 d^, 4 9 ,
[M. C. Z.].
Wellesley, Massachusetts, VII, 18, 1892, (Mor.se), 1 cf , [Hebard Cln.].
Sharon, Massachusetts, VIII, 1, 1897, (F. H. Sprague), 1 c?, [M. C. Z.].
Marion, Massachusetts, VIII, 1905, (H.), 3 c?, 1 9.
Nantucket, Massachusetts, (Scudder), 5 cf , 3 9, [M. C. Z.|.
Saunderstomi, Rhode Ishmd, IX, 3 to 9, 1913, (H.), 5 d', 4 9 .
Wesquage Beach, Rhode IsLand, IX, 8 and 10, 1913, (H.), 2 9 .
Cattaraugus, New York, IX, 1894, 1 o^, 3 9 , [M. C. Z. and Cornell Univ.].
Chfton Springs, New York, 1 d', 3 9, [M. C. Z. and Cornell Univ.].
Ithaca, New York, VII, 27 to 30, 1885, VIII, 4 to 26, 1885, (O. E. Pearce),
19cf , 14 9 , [M. C. Z. and Cornell Univ.]; VIII, 15 and 22, 1890 and 1891, 2 d^,
1 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Berkshire, New York, 1 d', [M. C. Z.].
Mosholu, New York, X, 18, 1 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Port Allegany, Pennsylvania, VIII, 1 to 8, 1904^ (H. W. Fowler), 1 9 , [A. N.
S. P.].
Tobyhanna, Pennsylvania, IX, 2, 1903 (H.), 2 d", [Hebard Chi.].
Blairsville, Pennsylvania, VIII, 27, 3 d', 4 9, [Penna. State Dept. Zool.].
Diamond Valley, Huntington Co., Pennsylvania, IX, 10, 1905, (R.), 1 9,
[A. N. S. P.].
Rockville, Pennsylvania, VIII, 5 to 29, 4 d', 4 9, 1 juv. 9, [Penna. State
Dept. Zool.].
Camphill, Pennsylvania, IX, 22, 1 9 , [Penna. State Dept. Zool.].
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, VII, 9, VIII, 2 to 18, 4 d", 4 9,1 juv. 9 , [Penna.
State Dept. Zool.].
Dauphin, Pennsylvania, IX, 15, 1 d", 1 9 , [Penna. State Dept. Zool.].
Middletown, Pennsylvania, X, 19, 1 d", [Penna. State Dept. Zool.].
Highspire, Pennsylvania, VII, 28, 1 juv. 9 , [Penna. State Dept. Zool.].
Perkasie, Pennsylvania, VIII, 4, 1911, (H. Fox), 2 d^, [A. N. S. P.].
Cornwells, Pennsylvania, IX, 7, 1914, (H.; scarce in marsh vegetation, com-
mon in clumps of weeds in fields), 4 d^, 1 9 •
Devon, Pennsylvania, IX, 14, 1905, 1 cf , [A. N. S. P.].
Fern Hill, Pennsylvania, VII, 15, 1911, IX, 19, 1908, (R. & H.), 2 d^, 1 9 •
Castle Rock, Pennsylvania, IX, 19, 1908, (R. & H.), 1 d', 4 9 .
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
42 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania, IX, 2, 1904, IX, 13 to 18, 1903, (H.), 4 d',
[Hebard Cln.].
Mount Airy, Pennsylvania, VII, 15, VIII, 4, 1911, (H. Fox), 3 c?, [A. N. S. P.].
Addingham, Pennsylvania, VIII, 8, 1914, (D. E. Culver), 2 cf , 1 9, [A.
N. S. P.]
Gibson's Point, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, VII, 20, 1911, VIII, 1, 1912,
VIII, 9, 1911, (H. Fox), 11 c^, 4 9, [A. N. S. P.].
Tinicum, Pennsylvania, VIII, 13, 1911, IX, 9, 1904, IX, 19, 1908, IX, 29,
1903 and 1913, (R. & H.), 9 c^, 21 9 .
Essington, Pennsylvania, VII, 27, 1911, (H. Fox), 1 c?, 3 9, [A. N. S. P.].
Riverton, New Jersey, X, 8, 1911, (H. Viereck), 1 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Washington Park, New Jersey, VIII, 11, 1911, (H. Fox), 2 c^, 2 9 , [A. N.
S. P.].
Clementon, New Jersey, VII, 25, 1911, (H. Fox; in humid field), 1 9 , [A. N.
S. P.].
Canton, New Jersey, IX, 7, 1910, (H. Fox), 1 9, [A. N. S. P.].
May's Landing, New Jersey, VIII, 29, 1914, (H.), 2 d".
Reega, New Jersey, VII, 31, VIII, 10, 16 and 29, 1914, (H.; in undergrowth
in pine woods), 8 cT, 2 9, 1 juv. cf, 2 juv. 9, (immature individuals on the
two earhest dates).
Pleasantville, New Jersey, VIII, 17, 1914, (H.), 1 cT.
Ventnor, New Jersey, VIII, 6 and 11, 1914, (H.; in low bushes and heavy
weeds and grasses), 6 cT, 3 9,2 juv. cf, 2 juv. 9, (two instars represented,
taken on the first date) .
Margate, New Jersey, VII, 24, 1914, (H.; in barrier dune vegetation), 2
juv. cf , 1 juv. 9 , (former in different instars).
Tuckahoe, New Jersey, VIII, 26, 1914, (H.; in glade\ 1 c?.
Cedar Springs, New Jersey, VIII, 14 and 26, 1914, (H.; occasional in fresh-
marsh with agile and concinnum) , 3 c? , 5 9 .
Ocean View, New Jersey, IX, 7, 1908, (H. Fox), 1 d", [A. N. S. P.]; VII, 27,
1914, (H.; common in high grasses and in field), 3 cT, 1 juv. cf, 5 juv. 9, (two
instars) .
Swainton, New Jersey, VIII, 8, 1914, (H.; occasional, in late afternoon with
a low continuous buzzing with but few cHcks, a quite different song from that
of midday), '2 d", 1 juv. 9.
Cape May Court House, New Jersey, VIII, 21, 1914, (H.; in high cattails
and rushes, after dark), 1 d'.
Wildwood Junction, New Jersey, VII, 27, VIII, 8 and 21, 1914, (H.; in
open field), 3 c?, 2 juv. d', 1 juv. 9 , (first adult on second date).
Mount Pleasant, New Jersey, IX, 5, 1904, (H. Fox), 2 9, [A. N. S. P.].
Sea Isle Junction, New. Jersey, X, 2, 1909, X, 15, 1910, (H. Fox; in swamp),
2 d, [A. N. S. P.].
Chestertown, Maryland, VII, 31, 1904, VIII, 22, 1899, (E. G. Vanatta), 2
d, [A. N. S. P.].
Washington, District of Columbia, IX, (W. T. Davis, part), 3 cf , 1 9 , [Davis
and Hebard Clns.]; VIII, 25 to X, 31, (A. N. Caudell), 5cf , 4 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Virginia, VIII, 14, X, 1, 1883, 1 d^, 2 9, [Hebard Cln.].
REHN AND HEBARD 43
FaUs Church, Virginia, IX, 4, 1906, (A. X. Caudell), 1 9 , [U. S. X. M.].
Dryden, Virginia, IX, 3, 1899, 1 cf , [Morse Chi.].
Xorfolk, Virginia, IX, 8, 1903, (Morse), 1 d", [Morse Chi.].
Wytheville, Virginia, IX, 5, 1903, (Morse), 1 cf , [Mor.se Cln.].
Grant County, West Virginia, (Shaler), 1 cf, [M. C. Z.].
Kanawha Station, West Virginia, VIII, 23, 1905, (A. D. Hopkins), 1 cT,
[U. S. N. M.].
, Blowing Rock, Xorth Carohna, VIII, 1906, (R. S. Wogluni), 1 cf , [North
Carohna Dept. Agr. Cln.].
Blantyre, North Carolina, IX, 1906, (R. S. Woglum), 1 9 , [North Carolina
Dept. Agr. Cln.].
Linville, North Carolina, VIII, 30, 1903, (Morse), 1 c?, 1 9, [Morse Chi.].
Raleigh, North Carolina, X, 10 and 29, 1900, (Sherman), 1 c?, 1 9, [North
Carolina Dept. Agr. Chi.].
. Edenton, North Carohna, VIII, 20, 1908, (R.), 2 cf , [A. N. S. P.]'^
Thompson's MiUs, Georgia, X, 1909 and 1910, (H. A. Allard), 8 cf , 2 9,
[U. S. N. M.].
Gun Lake, Michigan, VII, 13 to 26, 1912, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 3 cT, 1 9,
[Hebard Chi.].
Tuscarawas City, Ohio, IX, 26, 1891, 19, [M. C. Z.].
Salineville, Ohio, IX, 4 to 10, 1892, 3 9 , [Cornell Univ.].
Indiana, (Blatchley), 2 c?, 2 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Sedan, Indiana, VIII, 29, 1905, (W. PhiUips), 2 c?, [U. S. N. M.].
Illinois, (McNeill), 2 cf', 2 9, [Hebard Cln.].
West Northfield, Illinois, (Kennicott), 1 9 , [M. C. Z.].
Urbana, Illinois, IX, 10, X, 17 and 19, 1904, (F. Knab), 1 cf, 2 9 , [U. S.
N. M.].
Ogle County, Illinois, (Allen), 1 9, (M- C. Z.].
Peoria, lUinois, VII, 15, 1 d", [Cornell Univ.].
Roan Mountain Station, Tennessee, IX, 3, 1903, (Morse), 2 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Chattanooga, Tennessee, VIII, 24, 1903, (Morse), 1 9, [Morse Cln.].
Clarksville, Tennessee, VIII, 15, 1912, (S. E. Crumb), 1 c?, [U. S. N. M.].
Ramsey County, Minne.sota, 1 9, [Hebard Cln.].
St. Peters, Minnesota, 1880, 1 c^, [U. S. N. M.].
DaUas County, Iowa, VIII, 8 to 23, IX, 1 to 3, (AUen), 17c?, 12 9 , [M. C. Z.].
Denison, Iowa, VII, 20, (Allen), 1 cf , [M. C. Z.].
Jefferson, Iowa, VII, 20 to 24, (Allen), 2 c^, 2 9 , [M. C. Z.].
Iowa City, Iowa, (M. P. Somes), 1 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
St. Louis, Missouri, IX, 25, 1876, X, 17, 1875, 4 c?, 1 9, [U. S. N. M.].
Bushberg, Misisouri, VIII, 1870, 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Kirkwood, Missouri, X, 1877, 1 d", [U. S. N. M.].
Fayetteville, Arkansas, IX, 5, 1905, (Morse), 1 c?, 1 9, [Morse Chi.]; X,
1891, 1 d', 1 9 , [Cornell Univ.].
Neligh, Nebraska, VIII, (Gary), 1 cf , [Hebard Cln.].
1^ Previously recorded by us as 0. glnberrimum: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1910, p. 639, (1911).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
44 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
West Point, Nebraska, VIII, 17 and 19, IX, 1 and 5, (Bruner), 3 c?, 13 9,
[Hebard Cln.j.
Albion, Nebraska, IX, U, 1904, (Bruner), 2 9, [Hebard Cln.j.
Kearney, Nebraska, VII, 27, 1910, (R. & H.), 5 d^, 1 9 .
Lincoln, Nebraska, VIII, IX, 3, 1909, X, 1, 1909, (L. Bruner and C. H.
Gable), 5 cf , 4 9, [Hebard Cln.].
South Bend, Nebraska, X, 15, 1910, 1 6^,2 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Weeping Water, Nebraska, IX, 24, 1909, (Bruner), 2 9, [Hebard Cln.].
Topeka, Kansas, (F. W. Cragin), 2 9, [Hebard Cln.].
Belpre, Kansas, IX, 13, 1909, (H.; stridulating high on tassel of corn), 2 cf.
Zenith, Kansas, IX, 11, 1907, (H.), 1 9.
Hiawatha, Kansas, VIII, (F. B. Isely), 1 &, [U. S. N. M.].
Wichita, Kansas, IX, 7, 1904, (F. B. Isely), 1 c^, 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Shawnee County, Kansas, (Cragin), 1 d', [Hebard Cln.].
Barbe County, Kansas, (Cragin), 1 cf , [Hebard Cln.].
Wilburton, Oklahoma, VIII, 27, 1905, (Morse), 1 d^, [Morse Cln.].
Ardmore, Oklahoma, VIII, 18, (F. C. Bishopp), 1 cf , [U. S. N. M.].
Caddo, Oklahoma, VIII, 8, 1905, (Morse), 1 cf , [Morse Cln.].
Denison, Texas, VIII, 11, 1905, (Morse), 19,1 juv. 9, [Morse Cln.j.
Dallas, Texas, (BoU), 3 cf , 1 c?, [M. C. Z.j.
Manitou, Colorado, VIII, 1887, 1 d^, [Hebard Cln.j.
The present authors or the senior author alone have previously recorded
this species from West Creek and Atsion, New Jersey, and St. Louis, Missouri,
as vulgare, and from Sulphur Springs and Raleigh, North CaroUna, and Mont-
gomery County, Virginia, as agile. Rehn has by error reported vulgare from
Brownsville, Texas (probably buUaium but specimen not available), and Rehn
and Hebard have credited it to Chokoloskee. Florida. The locality of the
latter is unquestionably erroneous.
Orchelimum gladiator Bruner (Figs. 9, 21, 41, 42 and 72.)
1891. Orchelimum gladiator Bruner, Canad. Entom., xxiii, p. 71. [West Point,
Nebraska.]
1910. Orchelimum m,anitobense E. M. Walker, Canad. Entom., xlii, p. 351,
figs. 17 and 18. [Ashdown, Manitoba.]
On comparison of the female type of gladiator, now before us,
with the available series and the description of manitobe?ise , which
was based on two males, the above synonymy is clearly evident.
The failure of Bruner to mention the form of the lateral lobes of
the pronotum, one of the few diagnostic characters shared by
both sexes, probably was responsible for Walker's re-description
of the species.
The present form has been mistaken by numerous students
for vulgare, particularly in the male sex, aiul in consequence there
are doubtless in the literature of vulgare, many erroneous deter-
minations of material from the region in which both gladiator
REHN AND HEBARD 45
and vulgare occur, Avhich really refer to the present species. Un-
less the material on which the record is based is in existence there
is, however, little probability of these errors being detected and
corrected.
In the female sex the very robust ovipositor with a straight
dorsal outline will readily separate this form from all the other
species of the genus except volantum, which, however, has a less
robust and less expanded form of the same, although the two
species superficially resemble one another in this respect. The
form of the cercus in the male sex is very distinctive. The shape
of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, and to a lesser degree the
shape of the fastigium, will aid in separating both sexes of the
present species from vulgare.
As a rule this species has the ventro-external margin of the
caudal femora unarmed, l)ut in the series before us there are
three specimens having a single spine on this margin and a single
individual having two spines on the same.
There is an appreciable amount of variation in size in both
sexes, but the diagnostic characters are quite constant.
Distribution. — Covering the grassland areas and liottom lands
of the northern United States and southern Canada, extending
from at least the vicinity of Montreal, southwestern Maine and
eastern Massachusetts, west to the eastern slopes of the Cascades
in west-central Washington (Ellensburg) and to northern Cali-
fornia (Sisson), south as far as southwestern Connecticut (Stam-
ford), southern New Jersey (Winslow Junction), Tennessee,
northeastern Kansas (Douglas County), south-central Nebraska
(North Platte) and south-central Montana (Billings).
Specimens Examined: 87; 5.3 cf, 34 9.
Montreal, Quebec, Canada, VII, 15, (Caulfield), 1 o", [M. C. Z.j.
Norway, Maine, (Smith), 1 cf, IM. C. Z.].
Montgomery, Vermont, VII, 18, 1891, (Morse), 1 d", [Morse Cln.].
Stowe, Vermont, VII, 22, 1891, (Morse), 1 9, [Morse Cln.].
White Mountains, alpine and valleys, New Hampshire, (Scudder), 8 cf , 3 9 ,
[M. C. Z.]; IX, 8, 1889, (F. H. Sprague), 1 9, [M. C. Z.j.
Faneuil Station, Massachusetts, VII, 22, 1892, (Morse), 1 cf , [Morse Cln.].
Readville, Massachusetts, VII, 21, 1892, (Morse), 1 cf, 2 9, [Morse Cln.].
Stamford, Connecticut, VIII, 22, 1894, (Mor.se), 1 cf , [Morse Cln.].
Ithaca, New York, VII, 19, 1904, VIII, 16, 1890, 1 cf , 1 9, [Morse Cln.];
VIII, 4, 1885, 3 cf , [Cornell Univ.].
Winslow Junction, New Jersey, VII, 8, 1911, (H. Fox; in hog along tracks
of Cape May division R. R.), I cf , [A. N. S. P.j.
TR.\NS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
46 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
Steuben County, Indiana, VIII, 6 and 8, 1902, (W. S. Blatchley), 2 9 , [Hebard
Cln. and A. N. s". P.],
Marshall County, Indiana, VII, 27 and 29, VIII, 15, 1902, (W. S. Blatchley),
1 cf , 4 9 , [Hebard Cln. A. N. S. P. and U. S. N. M.l.
Gary, Indiana, VII, 26, 1906, 1 d', [Penna. State Dept. Zool.].
Southern IlUnois, (Thomas), 1 d', [M. C. Z.].
Tennessee, 1 9 , [M. C. Z.].
Cranmoor, Wisconsin, VIII, 16, 1909, (C. W. Hooker), 1 d, [U. S. N. M.].
Dallas County, Iowa, VIII, (Allen) 5 d, {M. C. Z.].
Staples, Minnesota, VII, 21, 1909, (H.; in ditch of high weeds), 6 cf , 14 9 .
Bismarck, North Dakota, VIII, 9, 1885, 1 d, [Hebard Cln.].
Mandan, North Dakota, VII, 25, 1909, (H.; from thistle), 1 d.
Glendive, Montana, VII, 2o, 1909, (H.; from sage on river plain — extremely
shy), 4 d', 1 9.
BilHngs, Montana, VII, 28, 1909, (R. & H.; in sedgy area in Yellowstone
flood plain), 1 cf ■
North Platte, Nebraska, elev. 2,800 feet, VII, 28, 1910, (R. & H.; in swampy
tracts in Platte flood plain), 3 cf .
West Point, Nebraska, VIII, 1887, IX, 1 (L. Bruner), 1 cf , 2 9, type and
paratype, [Hebard Cln.]. ,
Montana, 1 d, [U. S. N. M.].
Olmstead's, near EUensburg, Washington, VII, 14 to 15, 1882, 1 d, [M. C. Z.].
Sisson, Cahfornia, VII, (Dyar and Caudell), 1 d, [U. S. N. M.]; VIII, 29,
1897. (Morse), 1 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Morse (Canad. Entom., XXXIII, p. 201) and Caudell (Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., XXXIV, p. 78) have erroneously recorded this species as O. agile from
Sisson, California, and Scudder (in Hitchcock, Geol. of New Hampsh., 1, p.
368) reported it as 0. vulgare from the White Mountains, New Hampshire,
and in similar fashion from the same locahty and also from Mt. Greylock,
Massachusetts, 3500 feet (Appalachia, VIII, p. 317). The original material
for these references has been examined bv us.
Orchelimum calcaratum new species (Figs. 1, 22, 43, 44 and 73.)
1891. Xiphidium {Orchelimum) cuticulare Redtonbacher (not of Serville,
1839), Verh. k.-k. zool.-bot. GeseU., Wien, xh, pp. 495, 503. [Texas.]
A member of the same group as glaherrimum, vulgare and glad-
iator, but differing from all in the greatly elongate tooth of the
male cercus, this being distinctly longer than the distal portion
of the cereal shaft and aciculate in character, while in the female
sex the species can be separated from vulgare by the less robust
fastigium, by the very slight indication of a humeral sinus and
by the always armed ventro-external margin of the caudal femora.
The female is readily separable from glaherrimum and gladiator
by the distinctly arcuate ovipositor, as well as by a number of
other characters.
REHN AND HEBARD 47
TTjpe. — cf ; San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas. August 15 to
16, 1912. (Rehn and Hebard.) [Hebard Collection Type Xo.
164.]
Desa-iption of Type. — Size medium (for the genus); form robust; surface
moderately polished. Head with the fastigium gently ascending from the level
of the occiput, the width of fastigium faintly greater than width of proximal
antennal joint, the margins when seen from the cephalic aspect regularly but not
strongW converging ventrad; eyes moderately prominent, faintly ovate in basal
outhne; antennaewhen in perfect condition nearly four times as long as the body.
Pronotum very faintly sellate, this being due to the gently ascending character
of the metazona, the line of the prozona nearly straight when seen from the side;
greatest caudal width of the metazona contained one and one-third times in
the entire pronotal length; cephaUc margin subtruncate, caudal margin gently
arcuate, metazona about two-thirds the length of the prozona, well separated
from the latter by an appreciable transverse sulcus; lateral lobes of pronotum
with their greatest dorsal length surpassing their depth, cephaUc margin
oblique subtruncate, ventro-cephalic angle very broadly rounded, ventral
margin strongly oblique truncate, ventro-caudal angle rectangulate, caudal
margin gently arcuate, humeral sinus hardly indicated, convex callosity subo-
vate, with pomted extremities and moderately broad. Tegmina not reaching
the tips of the caudal femora, in general form resembUng those of vulgare;
stridulating area subequal in extent to the dorsum of the pronotum, stridulat-
ing vein transverse, robust. Wings very slightly surpassing the tegmina.
Disto-dorsat abdominal segment wath the median emargination U-shaped,
relatively broad and deep, the flanking processes considerably produced and
recurved ventrad; cerci rather heavy, proximal half straight, rounded in form,
subcolumnar, median tooth aciculate, placed immediately distad of the middle,
elongate, but Httle shorter than the length of the entire shaft of the cercus,
directed inwards and gently falcate distad, subdepressed proximad, distal
portion of the shaft of the cercus tapering to a blunt point, depressed; sub-
genital plate with distal margin subrectangularly emarginate, styles short,
subrobust, lateral margins regularly converging to the bases of the styles,
venter of plate with distinct paired ridge-Kke carinae extending cephalad from
the base of the styles, a much fainter median carina also present. Caudal
femora robust, distal portion rather slender, ven tro-external margin armed
distad with three to four spines, ventro-internal margin unarmed, genicular
lobes bispinose.
Allotype. — 9 ; Same data as type.
Description of Allotype. — Differing from the description of the type in the
following respects. Dorsal line of pronotum nearly straight when seen from
the side, not ascending on the metazona; greatest caudal width of metazona
contained one and one-half times in entire pronotal length. Ovipositor slightly
less than half the length of the caudal femora, regularly falcate, rather broad,
ventral margin very faintly serrulate distad, subgenital plate of the form usual
m the genus.
TRANS. .\M. ENT. SOC, XLI.
48 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Paratypic Series. — We have selected as paratypic a series of
twelve males and ten females having the same data as the type
and allotype.
Measurements {in millimelers)
d" <f d" 9 9 9
Type Paratype Paratype Allotype Paralype Paralype
Length of body (in 9
exclusive of oviposi-
tor) 19. G 20 23.2 18.3 17.1 20
Length of pronotum 6 5.2 6.2 5.8 5.6 6
Length of tegmeu. . . 17 15.7 18.9 17 16.5 18
Length of caudal fe-
mur ..18.2 17 20.8 19.8 19.1 20
Length of ovipositor .... 9.1 9 9.6
Color Notes. — General color light turtle green to olivine, prac-
tically pure on the face, sides of the head, lateral lobes of the
pronotum, pleura and sides of the abdomen, clearer turtle green
on the limbs. Median line on the head, expanding caudad, weak
vinaceous-rufous to ochraceous buff, continued over the dorsum
of the pronotum and there more or less strongly Ijordered laterad
on the prozona by lines of mahogany red to bay. These stripes
gently diverge caudad and occasionally are entirely absent. Teg-
mina very faint glaucous, more or less weakly tinged with snuff
brown on the dorsal aspect, particularly in the female. Stridu-
lating field of male tegmina with three spots of blackish brown on
each tegmen, placed in the same position as those found in vulgare,
i. e., one at base of anal vein, one at apex of arc of the same and
the third on the sutural margin near the disto-sutural angle of the
speculum. Abdomen of male generally with a broad median
area of ferruginous on the dorsum of the apex, this frequently
absent. Ovipositor chestnut brown. Eyes walnut brown.
Distribution. ^R&nging from the Central Texan region, north
to northeastern Kansas (Topeka and Hiawatha) and southeast-
ern Illinois (Olney), extending south to Flatonia and San iVnto-
nio, Texas, east to Doucette, Texas, western Arkansas (Fayette-
ville and Magazine Mountain) and southeastern Illinois, and
west to Colorado and west-central Texas (Kerrville).
Biological Note.^. — This species is clumsy in its actions and
comparatively easy to capture after being located. It was found
in a great variety of situations, ranging from high grass to twelve
feet above the ground in }K)st oak. It was taken in grass among
REHX AND HEBARD 49
cotton, in green weeds, in low l)ushes and in tall nettles, as well
as in bushes in pine woods. The stridulation is not loud.
Morphological Notes. — An analysis of a portion of the series
of the present species for constancy of spines on the ventro-
external margin of the caudal femora gives the following results:
1-1, 2 specimens; 1-2, 3 specimens; 2-2, 3 specimens; 2-3, 7
specimens; 2-4, 2 specimens; 2-5, 1 specimen; 3-3, 3 specimens;
3-4, 4 specimens; 3-5, 2 specimens; 4-4, 3 specimens; 4-5, 1
specimen; 5-5, 1 specimen. Individuals lacking one caudal limb
have not been considered. No specimens have been examined
with these margins unspined. In all of the specimens before us
the tegmina and wings do not surpass, and in but two instances
reach, the tips of the caudal femora.
Synonymy. — Serville's cuticulare is clearly not this species but
is a synonym of 0. glaherrimum, the name having been used in
error by Redtenbacher, who has been followed by sul)sequent
authors.
Specimens Examined: 85; 42 cf , 41 9, 2 juv. 9.
Olncy, Illinois, (R. Ridgway), 1 9 , [U. S. X. M.].
Central Missom-i, 1 cf , [U. S. N. M.].
Hiawatha, Kansas, VIII, 1904, (F. B. Isely), 1 d", [U. S. N. M.].
Topeka, Kansas (F. W. Cragin), 1 cf , [Hebard Cln.].
Zenith, Stafford County, Kansas, IX, 11, 1907, (H.), 1 d.
Wichita, Kansas, VII, 18, 1904, (F. B. Isely), 1 cf , 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Fayetteville, .\rkansas, IX, 5, 1905, (Morse), 1 d', [Morse Cln.].
Magazine Mountain, Arkansas, 2000 feet elev., VIII, 29, 1905, (Morse), 1 cf ,
[Morse Cln.l.
South McAlester, Oklahoma, VIII, 7, 1905, (Morse), 1 cf , [Morse Cln.j.
Shawnee, Oklahoma, VIII, 26, 1905, (Morse), 5 cf , 3 9, [Morse Chi.].
Waurika, Oklahoma, X, 12, 1909, (F. C. Bishopp), 1 9, [U. S. N. M.].
Colorado, VIII, 1873, 2 9 , [Morse Cln.l.
Denison, Texas, VIII, 11, 1905, (Morse), 1 cf , 1 9, [Morse Cln.].
Dallas, Te.xas, IX, 25 and 26, 1912, (R. & H.), 1 d", 1 9 , [U. S. X. M.]; IX.
10, 1908, [F. C. Bishopp), 1 9, [U. S. X. M.]; (Boll), 4 cf , 7 9,1 juv. 9,
[M. C. Z.].
Piano, Texas, X, 1907, (E. S. Tucker), 1 9, [U. S. X. M.].
Weatherford, Texas, IX, 23, 1912, (R. k H.), 2 d .
Wichita FaUs, Texas, VIII, 15, 1905, (Morse), 2 a", 2 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Temple, Texas, IX, 24, 1912, (R. & H.), 3 a^.
Terrell, Texas, VIII, 27, 1904, (on cotton), 1 9 , [U. S. X. M.].
Doucette, Texas, VII, 24, 1912, (H.), 1 cf .
Flatonia, Texas, VIII, 19 and 20, 1912, (R. <fe H.), 1 d", 5 9.
Victoria, Texas, VII, 2() and 27, 1912, (H.), 1 9 .
TRANS. AM. KNT. SOC, XLI.
50 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
San Antonio, Texas, VIII, 15 and 16, 1912, (R. & H.), Ud", 12 9,1 juv. 9 ,
type, allotype and paratypes; X, 29, 1905, (F. C. Pratt), 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Kerrville, Texas, VIII, 17 and 18, 1912, (R. & H.), 1 d".
Orchelimum buliatum new species (Figs. 2, 23, 45, 45, 46 and 74.)
1903. Orchelimum lotigipenne Caudell (not Orchelimum longipennis Scudder,
1862), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxvi, p. 806. ["Southern Texas."] (Part.)
A member of the same group as laticauda and riigripes, but
separable from the former by the relatively broader fastigium,
by the more extensive metazona of the dorsum of the pronotum
and the shorter and marginally more acute lateral lobes- of the
same, while from nigripes the male is readily separated by the
less strongly adpressed cereal tooth and the appreciably indi-
cated humeral sinus of the lateral lobes of the pronotum. The
female is separated from that of nigripes by the less angulate
ventro-cephalic angle of the lateral lobes and the generally un-
spined caudal femora, while from laticauda the same sex differs
in the sinuate ventral section of the caudal margin of the lateral
lobes.
Type. — c^ ; Galveston, Galveston County, Texas. July 21,1912.
(Hebard.) [Hebard Collection Type No. 165.]
Description of Type. — Size very large (for the genus); form robust. Head
with the dorsum of the occiput plane, hardly ascending to the fastigium, the
latter subcompressed, not as thick as the proximal antennal joint and when seen
from the facial aspect with its margins gently converging ventrad, with the
extremity at the interfastigial suture distinctly truncate; eyes moderately
prominent, subcircular in basal outhne; antennae very elongate, when in perfect
condition at least thi-ee times as long as the body. Pronotmii subsellate, when
seen from the lateral aspect the metazona is distinctly and in a subbullate
fashion ascending dorso-caudad, when seen from the dorsal aspect the meta-
zona is seen to be somewhat inflated laterad, its gi'eatest width about five-sixths
the length of the entire pronotum; length of the metazona about two-fifths
the length of the entire pronotum, transverse sulcus deeply and broadly im-
pressed on the dorsum; cephalic margin of disk weakly arcuato-emarginate
mesad, caudal margin of disk strongly and regularly arcuate, no indications
of lateral shoulders present on prozona, but on the metazona these are well
indicated and slightly projecting though well rounded; lateral lobes of the
pronotum with the greatest dorsal length subequal to the greatest depth,
cephahc margin oblique, straight, ventro-cephalic angle rounded obtuse,
ventral margin moderately oblique, ventro-caudal angle sharper than a right
angle with the angle proper strongly rounded, caudal margin oblique sinuate,
humeral sinus but faintly indicated, convex callosity well indicated but elongate
and narrow. Tegmina surpassing the apices of the caudal femora by about the
length of the pronotum, moderately broad, apex moderately rounded; stridu-
REHN AND HEBARD 51
lating field quite ample, rather bullate, in area surpassing that of the dorsum
of the head and pronotum, stridulating vein straight, transverse, crassate,
speculum broader than usual in the genus. Wings surpassing the tegmina by
nearly the pronotal length. Cerci robust, rather short, median tooth directed
proximo-mesad and subdepressed, shaft of cercus with a sinuate medio-longi-
tudinal carination on the dorsal surface, the distal section subacuminate when
seen from the dorsum, tapering regularly when seen from the side ; subgenital
plate moderately produced, distal margin obtuse-angulate emarginate, styles
brief, articulate, a moderately distinct and complete medio-longitudinal and
distinct lateral carinae indicated. Caudal femora about four-fifths the length
of the body, moderately inflateii proximad, ventral margins unspined, genicular
lobes bispinose.
Allotype. — 9 ; Rosenberg, Fort Bend County, Texas. July 25
and 26, 1912. (Hebard.) [Hebard Collection.]
Description of Allotijpe. — The features here given are those of difference from
the male sex. Size smaller than in the male sex; form more slender. Prono-
tum not at all sellate, when seen from the lateral aspect the dorsal outline is
straight, greatest width of raetazona about two-thirds the length of the whole
pronotum; length of the metazona almost one-half the entire pronotal length,
transverse sulcus well indicated on the dorsum but by no means so impressed
as in the male; lateral shoulders not appreciably indicated anywhere. Teg-
mina slightly surpassing the apices of the caudal femora. Wings surpassing
the tips of the tegmina by several millimeters. Ovipositor sUghtly more than
half the length of the caudal femora, rather strongly falcate, comparatively
bi'oad, apex acute, ventral margin of ovipositor appreciably but very finely
serrulate on distal half; subgenital plate of female shallowly and narrowly
emarginate disto-mesad.
Paratypic Series. — We have selected as paratypes two males
from Galveston, Texas, bearing the same data as the type, one
male from Rosenberg, Texas, bearing the same data as the allo-
type and six males from Gregory, San Patricio County, Texas,
July 30, 1912 (Hebard).
Measurements {in miUiynelers)
d' cf c^ c?
Galveston Galveston Rosenberg Gregory
{Type) [Paratype) iParatype) (Paratype)
Length of body 22 2:-! . 5 20 22 .8
Length of pronotum 5.5 5.8 53 5.3
Greatest caudal width of pronotum 4.5 4.5 4.1 4.3
Length of tegmen 29 27 23.5 28.6
Greatest width of stridulating field of
tegmen 4.7 4.9 4.5 4.G
Length of caudal femur 18.9 20 16.8 19
Length of ovipositor .... ... ■ ■ • •
TIi.\XS. .\M. ENT. SOC, XLI.
52 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Mission Brownsville Rosenberg
(Allotype)
Length of body 17.5 20.2 19.5
Length of pronotum 4.9 4.9 4.8
Greatest caudal width of pronot um 3.9 4 3.6
Length of tegmen 24 . 2 23 . 5 21.7
Greatest width of stridulating field of
tegmen 4.2 4.2 ....
Length of caudal femur 15 16. S 17.3
Length of ovipositor 8.3
Color Notes. — General color ranging from light chalcedony
yellow to clear dull green-yellow (Ridgway), occasionally em-
browned by desiccation until it is nearly old gold, the greater
portion of the tegmina more brilliant, varying from light oriental
green to nearly dull citrine; dorsum of the head, pronotum and
stridulating field of the male tegmina washed with cinnamon-buff
to clay color. Occiput generallj^ with indications of a pair of
hessian brown lines diverging caudad; eyes ranging from rood's
brown to seal brown; antennae ochraceous-buff to ochraceous-
tawny, rather weakly annulate with darker. Pronotum with the
dorsum bearing abbreviate diverging lines similar to but less
frequently indicated than those on the occiput. Tegmina with
three spots of seal brown always indicated in the male sex, one
proximad, another at the apex of the arcuate portion of the anal
vein at its junction with the speculum and the third near the
other (toward the free margin) angle of the speculum. Limbs
quite greenish, rarely quite brownish (sudaii brown) on the caudal
tibiae, a blackish mark between the slits of the tympana of the
cephalic tibiae; all spines black, at least at the tips, on the caudal
tibiae largely brownish black. Apex of the abdomen more or less
yellow-ocher, the cerci ochraceous-orange to mars yellow. Ovi-
positor prout's brown.
Distribution. — This species is found from the coastal prairie
region of Texas, south as far as the Brownsville region, north to
northern Texas (Wichita Falls and Dallas) . west as far as Co-
manche and Mission (Hidalgo County) in the same state, while
to the eastward the species ranges as far as eastern Louisiana
(Milneburg). It doubtless occurs in northeastern Mexico.
Biological Notes. — This species was found fre(|uenting high
grasses along streams or in depressions (Rosenberg), in areas of
REHN AND HEBARD 53
marsh vegetation (Gregory) or in dense clumps of coffee bean
{Sesban macrocarpa) growing from six to ten feet high on sandy
soil back from the gulf beach (Galveston). Its note was a long
buzzing zeeeeeee, somewhat resembling that of some cicadas, with
but few interspersed clicking sounds. At Gregory the song was
noticed to be especially loud during the morning, again increasing
in volume at night, but in a more subdued tone and different key.
Morphological Notes. — -Theventro-external margin of the caudal
femora is usually unarmed, but in two specimens we find a single
spine on one or the other margin, another has two spines on one
margin and a third specimen has a single spine on one limb and
three on the other.
The two Galveston paratypes and the Rosenberg pair have the
tegmina and wings shorter than the remainder of the material,
which have proportions about as in the type.
Specimens Examined: 25; 18 cf , 7 9 •
Milneburg, Louisiana, VII, 22, 1905, (Morse), 2 9, [Morse Cln.|.
Dallas, Texas, (Boll), 1 9 , [M. C. Z.].
Wichita Falls, Texas, VIII, 15, 1905, (Morse), 1 d', [Morse Cln.].
Comanche, Texas, VII, 22, 1909, (C. R. Jones; on cotton), Icf , [U. 8. X. M.].
Galveston, Texas, VII, 21, 1912, (H.), 3 cf, tijpe and paratypes.
Rosenberg, Texas, VII, 25 and 26, 1912, (H.), 1 cf, 1 9, allotijpe and
paratype.
Victoria, Texas, VI, (Caudell), 1 c?, 1 9 ; VII, 22, (W. E. Hinds), 1 9 ; VI,
19, 190S, (E. S. Tucker on corn), 1 d^, [U. S. N. M.].
Gregory, Texas, VII, 30, 1912, (H.), 6 (f, paratypes.
Mission, Texas, VIII, 5 and 6, 1912, (H.), 1 d'.
Brownsville, Texas, VII, 31 to VIII, 5, 1912, (H.), 2 d.
Coast of Texas (Aaron), Icf, 1 9, [M. C. Z.].
This is in part the Orchelimum longipenne recorded by Caudell from "south
ern Texas, " as mater'al before us so labelled shows.
Orchelimum laticauda Redtenbachcri" (Figs. 10, 24, 47, 48 and 75.)
1891. X[iphidium] {Orchelimum) laticauda Redtenbacher, Verh. k.-k. zool.-
bot. Gesell. Wien, xh, pp. 495, 504. [New Orleans, Louisiana.]
1909. Orchelimum pulchellum. Davis, Canad. Entom., xli, p. 33. [Dcnnisville,
Helmetta and Trenton, New .Jersey.!
A careful study of Redtenbacher's description has resulted in
our placing pulchellum as a synonym of laticaudu. Mr. Davis
""' The present authors or the senior author alone have erroneously recorded
this species as O. nigripes (Entoni. News, xiii, p. 315; Proc .\('ad. Nat. Sei.
Phila., 1904, p. 79() and Hep- X- J- '"^tate Mus., 190!), p. 1S9) antl as (). nitidnm
TR.WS. AM. ENT. SOC, .XLI.
54 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
has gone over the ground with us and agrees that the description
fits hirge Florida specimens, which are specifically identical with
his New Jersey material. Through the kindness ot the same
gentleman we have before us eight of his typical New Jersey
specimens of pulcheUum for comparison.
Redtenbacher has given as one of the main characters of this
species the presence of spines on the ventro-internal margin of
the caudal femora. This we find occurs in but few specimens,
the vast majority having the internal margin unarmed. The
number of spines on the ventro-external margin varies from two
to eight.
Davis was correct in giving nigripes as the closest relative of
this species, the present authors' comment on this point^'' being
due to a misconception of nigripes.
The average size of specimens from the northern portion of the
range of the species is distinctly under that of individuals from
the southern states, but this is by no means an absolute rule, as
series show very considerable individual variation, which almost
or quite equals the geographic averages. Female specimens from
Tinicum, Pennsylvania, and Florence, South Carohna, show the
following extremes in size (measurements in millimeters).
Tinicum, Florence,
Pennsylvania South Carolina
Length of body (exclusive of ovipositor) 18.3 22.8 .20 20
Length of pronotum 4.2 5.3 5 5.7
Length of tegmen 18.7 28.3 21.9 26.3
Length of caudal femiu- 15.3 19.2 18.3 19.2
Length of ovipositor 9 10.7 10.3 11.2
The intensity of the coloration and the brilliancy of certain
shades varies considerably in the series before us.
Distribution. — Covering the Atlantic Coastal Plain region
from north central New Jersey (Helmetta, Spotswood and James-
burg) south to southern Florida, westward to New Orleans,
Louisiana; in the eastern states occurring at suitable valley
(Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1904, p. 796 (Part); Ibid., 1905, p. 48 and Ibid.,
1907, p. 306). The first misidentification was due to the fact that true nigripes
was not at hand for examination, and the second was due fu-st to the confusion
of two species and later, when this was found to be the case, error was made
in restricting nitidum to the wrong component. The present species has also
been erroneously recorded as nigripes by Smith, Brimlcy and AUard.
" Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1910, p. 642, (1911).
REHN AND HEBARD 55
localities in the Piedmont region above the fall-line (Chestnut
Hill, Pennsylvania, Montgomery County, Maryland, and Thomp-
son's Mills, Georgia).
Specimens Examined: 219, 1200", 97 9 , 1 juv. d^, 1 juv. 9 •
Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, IX, 18, 190o, (H.; in cattails),
2 c^,3 9.
Cornwells, Pennsylvania, X, 1906, (R. & H.; in cattails), 2 cf , 1 9 , IX, 7,
191-1, (H.; in great numbers in tall plants along river and in marsh vegetation),
18 cT, 26 9.
Tinicum, Pennsylvania, VIII, 13, 1911, IX, 9 to 29, 1903 to 1913, (R. &
H.; in numbers in cattails and high reeds), 46 cT, 28 9,1 juv. c?-
Riverton, New Jersey, IX, 11, 1904, (G. M. Greene), 1 d', 1 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Spotswood, New Jersey, IX, 22, 1909, (W. T. Davis), 1 d^, [Davis Cln.].
Helmetta, New Jersey, IX, 21, 1909, (W. T. Davis), 4 o^, [Davis Chi.].
Paralyses of Orchelinmm pulchellum Davis.
Jamesburg, New Jersey, IX, 23, 1909, (W. T. Davis), 1 c^, [Da via Chi.];
1 c^, 1 9, [U. S. N. M.].
Maple Shade, New Jersey, X, 10, 1914, (B.Long), 1 d^, 2 9, [A. N. S. P.].
Dennisville, New Jersey, IX, 5, 1909 (W. T. Davis), 1 d^, [U. S. N. M.].
Paratype of Orrhelimum, pulchellum Davis.
Near Town Bank, Cape May County, New Jersey, VIII, 15, 1912, 1 <f,
[Davis Chi.].
Anglesea, New Jersey, IX, 6, 1 d^, 1 9 , [Hebard Clu.].
Tolehester, Maryland, VIII, 30, 1 a^, [U. S. N. M.].
Plummer's Island, Maryland, IX, 2, (A. N. Caudell), 1 cf, [U. S. N. M.].
Montgomery County, Maryland, IX, 25, 1911, (W. T. Davis), 1 d", [Davis
Chi.].
Hyattsville, Maryland, IX, 17, 1911, (W. T. Davis), 1 d', [Davis Cln.].
Washington, D. C, VIII, 1883, 1 d^, 2 9, [Hebard Cln.]; VIII, 23, 1878,
IX, 27, 1896, X, 21, 1902, 1 d', 2 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Anolostan Island, Virginia, IX, 6, 1912, (A. N. Caudell), 3 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Rosslyn, Virginia, IX, (A. N. Caudell), 1 cf , 3 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Fredericksburg, Vu-ginia, VII, 20, 1913, (R. & H.; in tall weeds along
river), 1 d'.
Weldon, North Carolina, VII, 24, 1913, (R. & H.), 1 juv. d.
Newbern, North Carolina (Ardway), 2 9, [M. C. Z.].
Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina, IX, 8, 1911, (R. & H.; among low swamp
plants in timbered swamp), 2 d^, 5 9 .
Florence, South Carohna, IX, 6, 1911, (R. & H; in swamp grasses along
branch in open spot in deciduous woods), 4 d', 8 9 .
Thompson's Mills, Georgia, X, 1909, (H. A. AUard), 26", 1 9, [U. S. N. M.].
Jesup, Georgia, IX, 1, 1911, (H.; among buUrushes in pond in pine forest),
1 d.
BiUy's Island, Georgia, VI and VII, 1912, (J. C. Bradley), 2 cf , 1 9 .
Atlantic Beach, Florida, VIII 24, 1911, (R. & H.; in hammock land and
saw-grass and reed marsh), 1 d^, 5 9 .
TRANS. .\M. ENT. SOC, XLI.
56 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Jacksonville, Florida, (Priddey), 2 cT, 1 9, [Hebard Cln.].
South Jacksonville, Florida, IX, 7 and 28, 1913, (W. T. Davis), ScT, [Davis
Cln.].
Ortega, Florida, IX, 6 and 27, 1913, (W. T. Davis), 3 cT, [Davis Cln.].
Sanford, Florida, (G. B. Frazer), 2 c^, [M. C. Z.].
In addition to these localities we have already recorded the species as nigripes,
nitiduniand as the synonymous pulchcllum from Belleplain, Riverton, Lucaston,
Gloucester, Clemen ton. West Creek and Sea Isle City, New Jersey; Edenton
aijd Raleigh, North Carolina; Thomasville, Georgia, and Jacksonville, Palatka,
Detroit, Lakeland and Chokoloskee, Florida.
Orchelimum nigripes Scudder (Figs. 11, 25, 49, 50 and 76.)
?1869. Xvphidiuvi validum Walker, Catal. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., ii, p. 277.
[No locahty.]
1875. Orchelimum nigripes Scudder, Proc. Boston. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvii, p.
459. [Dallas, Texas.]
1891. X[iphidium] {Orchelimum) robustum Redtenbacher, Verh. k.-k. zool.-
bot. Gesell. Wien, xh, pp. 494, 499. [New Orleans, Louisiana.]
We have examined the type of the present species in the col-
lection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. It is a male
from Dallas, Texas, bearing labels reading, "8cudder's Type
1875, Orchelimum nigripes Scudd.," also, "Boll's no. 21." The
measurements of the type are as follows: length of body, 17 mm.;
length of pronotum, 5; greatest caudal width of pronotum, 3.5;
length of tegmen, 21 ; length of caudal femur, 16.6.
Through the kindness of Mr. A. N. Caudell we have before us
notes which he made from the type of Walker's validum. Taken
with the characters given in the original description of the same
the combination appears to fit the present form better than any
other in the genus, this being the position assigned validum by
Kirby. However, there is nothing really conclusive in the agree-
ment of these features and Mr. Caudell's comment is, that, while
he had time to make but a hurried examination of the specimen,
he is "very sure it is not the same as our nigripes. " Taken alto-
gether it seems best to give the name validum a queried position
under this species, leaving for the future the exact determination
of its status.
The above synonymy is evident after carefully studying the
literature. Redtenbacher's rohustum is certainly 'nigripes with
the exception of the caudal limbs, these in all probability not be-
longing to the specimen. Their size, i. e., length of the femora,
is distinctly less than that normal for specimens of the genus of
REHN AND HEBARD 57
similar body bulk to the single female of robustum, while their
spineless character shows they in all probability belong to a
smaller individual of a different species of the genus. The color
of the cephalic and median tibiae and all of the other color fea-
tures of robust um are those of nigripes, while the peculiar features
of the lateral lobes of the pronotum of this species are well
described.
This species is closely related to 0. laticauda, which it replaces
throughout the central valley and prairie region of the United
States. The eastern species, laticauda, has on numerous occa-
sions been mistaken for nigripes and so recorded, but there need
be no confusion of the two forms after they have once been
compared. The shape of the lateral lobes of the pronotum alone
serves as a ready means for separating the species. We have seen
two specimens of this species from Lafayette, Indiana, which
show practically no black on the tibiae.
In size this species shows much the same features as laticauda,
averaging smaller in the northern portion of its range and larger
in the southern, but individual variation is everywhere evident.
The caudate winged type is typically represented by two females,
one from Lincoln, Nebraska, and the other from Victoria, Texas.
In addition a number of both sexes have the tegmina and wings
more elongate than in the majority of the series. Two specimens
in the present series have the caudal femora spined on the ventro-
internal margin.
Distribution. — The central valleys and prairies of the United
States, from as far north as the shores of the Mississippi in
Minnesota (Lugger), south to New Orleans (Redtenbacher) and
Victoria, Texas, east to Point Pelee, southern Ontario (E. ^L
Walker), Columbus, Ohio, and Clarksville, Tennessee, west as
far as Gering, on the Platte River, in western Nebraska and
Denver and "Rocky Mountains" (Redtenbacher), Colorado.
Specimens Examined: 68; 23 cf, 43 9,2 juv. 9 .
Columbus, Ohio (C. M. Mead), 1 9, [Hel)ard Cln.].
Indiana, (W. S. Blatchjey), 3 d", 4 9, [Hebard Cln. and Morse Cln.].
Lafayette, Indiana, X, 14, 1913, (H. Fox), 18, 1 9, [A. N. S. P.].
Vigo County, Indiana, (\V. S. Blatehley), 1 cr\ 1 9, [Morse Cln. and U. S.
X. M.).
Goose Pond, Indiana, IX, tj, 1892, (Blatchley), 1 9, [f. S. X. M.].
Illinois, 1 o^,[M.C. Z.|.
THA.NS. .\.M. HN'T. SOC, XLl.
58 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
Clarksville, Tennessee, X, 1, 1913, (S. E. Crumb; feeding on tobacco), 1 cf,
2 9, [U.S. N. M.].
Lone Rock, Wisconsin, VIII, 23, 1906, 1 9, [Penna. State Dept. Zool.].
Ames, Iowa, VIII, 28, 1897, 1 9 , [M. C. Z.].
Iowa City, Iowa, (Shimek), 1 d", 10 9, [Hebard Cln.].
Omaha, Nebraska, 1 d', [Hebard Cln.].
Lincoln, Nebraska, IX, 3, 1909, IX, 15, IX, 1888, 2 o^, 7 9 , [Hebard Cln.];
IX, (Bruner), 1 9, [Cornell Univ.].
Weeping Water, Nebraska, IX, 24, 1909, (Bruner), 1 9 , [Hebard Cbi.].
Gering, Nebraska, 1 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Shawnee County, Kansas, 1882, 1 cT, 1 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Topeka, Kansas, (Cragin), 1 cf , [Hebard Cln.].
Wichita, Kansas, X, 3, 1909, (F. B. Isely), 1 cf , 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Fayetteville, Arkansas, IX, 5, 1905, (Morse), 1 cf , 2 9, [Morse Cln.].
De Queen, Arkansas, VII, 29, 1905, (Morse), 1 c?, [Morse Cln.].
Arkadelphia, Arkansas, IX, 13, 1914, (C. B. Jones), 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Denver, Colorado, 2 9 , [M. C. Z.].
Denison, Texas, VIII, 11, 1905, (Morse), 1 cT, [Morse Cln.].
Dallas, Texas, (Boll), 1 d^, [M. C. Z.], type; IX, 10, 1909, (E. S. Tucker;
on Polygonum blossoms), 1 c?, [U. S. N. M.].
Wichita Falls, Texas, VIII, 16, 1905, (Morse), 1 cf , [Morse Cln.].
Beaumont, Texas, VII, 23, 1912, (H.; swampy land), 3 c?, 2 9,2 juv. 9-
Victoria, Texas, VII, 26 to 27, 1912, (H.; high weeds in "Branch"), 2 cf , 1 9 .
Orchelimum minoi Bruner (Figs. 3, 26, 51, 52 and 77.)
1891. Orchelimum minor Bnuier, Canad. Entom., xxiii, p. 72. [District of
Columbia.]
1905. Orchelimum cuticulare? Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1904, p. 796. [Thomasville, Georgia.)
An examination of the present series of specimens of both sexes
of this rare species shows that the number of spines on the ventro-
external margin of the caiichxl femora varies from two to seven,
one individual possessing two on one limb and six on the other.
In general size there is some variation which may be geo-
graphic, as the largest individual is from the most southern
point from which the species has been recorded, although the
series in hand is not sufficient to more than call attention to this "
feature.
The male cerci show some variation in the length of the distal
portion of the shaft, this being most apparent in the large Thomas-
ville specimen. This, like the size extreme of the same individual,
may possibly be explained on geographic grounds.
The speculum of the stridulating field of the male tegmina
varies to an appreciable degree in the exact ratio of length and
REHN AND HEBARD 59
breadth, in fact more so than in any other form except 0. con-
cinnum, but an exact expression of this variation is hardly possi-
ble, as, while tangible and apparent to the eye after study of the
genus, it is relatively so slight that a satisfactory and convincing
measurement of it is hard to secure.
The type of the species, a female, is now before us and meas-
urements of it have never been published. We here give these
and the proportions of several representative males as well as
the large Thomasville individual of the same sex.
Measurements {in millimeters)
Length of Length of Length of Length of Length of
body pronotum tegmen caudal femur ovipositor
Atsior, New Jersey 16 4.4 15 1.3.2
Sulphur Springs, North
CaroHiui 15.9 4.2 Itj 1.3.2
Thomasville, Georgia ... . 20.8 4.8 15.6 15.6
9
District of Columbia
Type 15.4 4.2 16.2 14.5 11
Synonymy. — ^In the prefatory remarks (p. 18) we have already
commented upon our queried determination of this species as
0. cuticulare. The specimen so named had lost all of its original
coloration, was of larger size than the average of the species and
had the cerci rather longer than usual. The true cuticulare of
Serville, as we have shown elsewhere in this paper, equals the
earlier glaherrimum and the form called cuticulare by Redten-
bacher is the very different calcaratum.
Distribution.- — ^The Coastal Plain of the eastern United States
from central New Jersey (Helmetta and I.akehurst), south to
southern Georgia (Thomasville), west as far as the mountain
valleys of North Carolina (Sulphur Springs) at an elevation of
2500 feet and the vicinity of Washington. To the localities
from which the species has been recorded we may add Florence,
South Carolina, where its note was heard coming from about
twelve feet up in a short-leaf pine.
Specimens Examined: 47; 33 cf , 8 9,1 juv. cf , 5 juv. 9 ■
Almost all of the material before us has been previously recorded, but we
are hstiug it here to show the som'ces of information for the present study.
Brown's Mills Junction, New Jersey, X, 6, 1907, (E. Daecke), 1 9, [Hebard
Cln.l.
Lakehurst, New Jersey, IX, 6, X, 19, (W. T. Davis), 1 cf , 1 9, [Davis Cln.].
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
60 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Stafford's Forge, New Jersey, IX, 16, 1905, (H.), 1 ^, [Hebard Cln.].
Atsion, New Jersey, X, 8, 1903, (H.), 2 d', [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.|.
Reega, New Jersey, VIII, 10, 1914, (H., undergrowth in pine barrens), 1
juv. cf, 4 juv. 9 ; VIII, 29, 1914, (H.; common in pines, males continuing to
sing after dark), 1 cf , 1 9,1 juv. 9 .
Maryland opposite Plummer's Island, IX, 6, 1909, (H. A. AUard; on pine),
3 cf , l' 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
D'strict of Columbia, IX, 15, 1884, 1 9, type, [Hebard Cln.].
Sulphur Springs, North Carolina, IX, 2 and X, 6, 1905, (H.), 3cf, [Hebard
Cln. and A. N. S. P.l.
Raleigh, North Carolina, IX, 20, 1904, (Brimley), 1 9 , [Hebard Chi.].
Thompson's Mills, Georgia, 1908, X, 1909 and 1910, (H. A. AUard), 20 cf ,
2 9 , [Hebard, Cln., A. N. S. P., and U. S. N. M.].
Hoschton, Georgia, X, 5, 1908, (H. A. AUard), 1 d", [U. S. N. M.].
Thomasville, Georgia, VIII, 28, 1903, 1 d, [Hebard Cln.].
Orchelimum concinnum Scudder (Figs. 12, 27, 53, 54, 78 and 79.)
1862. ()[rchclit)ium] concinnum Scudder, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vii, p.
452. [Cape Cod, Massachusetts.]
1862. 0[rch€limum] longi-pennis Scudder, Ibid., p. 453. [Texas.]
1891. Orchelimum gracile Bruner (not Orchelimum gracilis Harris), Canad.
Entom., xxiii, p. 70. [West Point and Lincoln, and Wheeler, Garfield and
Holt Counties, Nebraska.]
1891. X[iphirlium] {Orchelimum) inerme Redtenbacher, Verh. k.-k. zool.-
bot. Gesell. Wien, xli, pp. 495, 501 [Texas; Kansas.].
1892. Orchelimum delicatum Bruner, Entom. News, iii, p. 265. [New name
for 0. gracile Bruner, not of Harris.].
1893. Orchelimum indianense Blatchley, Canad. Entom., xxv, p. 90.
[Kewanna, Fulton County, Indiana.].
1893. Orchelimum. canipcsire Blatchley, Ibid., p. 91. [Vigo and Fulton
Counties, Indiana.].
1899. Xiphidium gracilinum Griffini, Miscell. Entom., vii, p. 96. [New
name for Orchelimum gracile Bruner, not of Harris.]
The present species is probably the most variable, as it is the
most widely distributed, form in the genus and the above synon-
ymy illustrates the difficulty previous authors have encountered
in endeavoring to determine material belonging to it. The
present authors have given more time and consideration to it
than to any other member of the genus, and after the most critical
examination of the specimens in hand and a careful testing of the
evidence on which the numerous synonyms were erected, we are
thoroughly convinced that concinnum is a very variable form,
showing decided geographic size variation, probable environ-
mental adaptations in ovipositor characters in the female and
REHN AND HEBARD 61
certainly great individual variation in certain structural and
several color features.
We have examined eleven specimens of the original Cape Cod
series on which Scudder based concinnum. Ten of these are now
in the Museum of Comparative Zoology and one, a male, is in
the United States National Museum. Of the former lot we select
as lectotype a male labelled: "0. concinnum, Cape Cod," with an
additional round red paper label. The single type of 0. longipen-
nis, a female, is in the Museum of Comparative Zoology labelled:
"Texas. A. Agassiz. 0. longipennis Scudd.," with an addi-
tional red type label.
The type and paratypes of Orchelimum gracile Bruner (Orcheli-
mum delicatum Bruner) are now before us and the only tangible
character to separate them from pale faced eastern specimens of
concinnum is the longer, straighter ovipositor, which is discussed
beyond. Redtenbacher's inerme was proposed merely to replace
longipennis, which name was preoccupied in the genus Xiphidium
in which he placed it. The description of inerme, when exam-
ined, is also seen to be based on the same condition of this species
as that to which Scudder gave the name longipeniiis. Blatchley's
indianense is absolutely inseparable from dark faced concinnum,
while campestre is the pale faced condition of this species, para-
types of both forms, now before us, demonstrating this very
clearly.
Taking up the features of variation in this species, we find they
can readily be classified under three headings, i. e., geographic
and individual size variation, ovipositor variation and general
color and structure variation.
Individual size variation at any one locality is less pronounced
in this species than in most of the other forms of the genus, but
the geographic size variation is very great. Material from New
England is minimum in size, southward along the east coast the
bulk increasing until individuals from the southeastern states are
very decidedly larger than those from New Hampshire. Speci-
mens from Indiana and Iowa are larger than New England indi-
viduals but not greatly so, while in eastern Nebraska and eastern
Kansas the size is in general as great as in representatives from
the coast of Georgia; southward in Texas and northern New Mex-
ico the bulk regularly increases, until on the central Gulf coast of
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
62 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTBRA)
Texas we find maximum sized individuals nearly twice as large
as New England specimens and at first glance apparently very
different. From west central Nebraska northward to south
central Montana we find the species holds a fairly uniform size.
The most puzzling variation feature is in the length and curve
of the ovipositor. Over almost the entire range of the species
there is little variation in the relative size and curve of the ovi-
positor, which shows only very minor variations in depth, etc.
In the central area, however, and to a lesser degree in Montana,
we find a part or all of the females from certain localities possess-
ing ovipositors far longer, more robust and straighter than the
average type. This is the form called delicaium (gracile) by
Bruner and it and the more normal concinnum type were both
taken by him at West Point and Lincoln, Nebraska, while nu-
merous female specimens from Nehgh, Kearney, North Platte and
Haigler, Nebraska, and Billings, Montana, are nearer this type
than average concinnum, or intermediate between the two. No
other structural character stands the tests for correlation with
this ovipositor feature and it is impossible to sort the males before
us into two species, those, fourteen in number, for instance, from
Billings, a locality having no typical concinnum ovipositor among
its sixteen females, being quite inseparable from more eastern
specimens, while the males from West Point and Lincoln are
certainly one species, the male type of delicaium being the same
as dozens of others which are undoubted concinnum. The
explanation of this ovipositor development should, we think, be
looked for in the immediate environment in which the long ovi-
positor individuals occur, the fact that both have been taken at
one locality strongly suggesting this.
Among the general structural variations we find the width of
the fastigium and the degree of divergence of the margins of the
same, when seen from the cephaHc aspect, to be quite variable,
while the degree of straightness or arcuation of the ventro-
caudal margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum and the degree
of angulation of the caudal margin of the same are inconstant,
varying in nearly every series from a single locality. The form
of the stridulating field of the male tegmina is rather plastic, while
the male cerci show certain variational features in length, degree
of slenderness of the distal extremity and the strength of the
REHN AND HEBARD 63
dorsal carination. In the present species the majority of the
specimens are decidedly' long-winged, i. e., having the tegmina
and wings strongly surpassing the apices of the caudal femora,
while in a number of specimens, these outnumbering the more
usual type in the eastern Nebraska representation, the teg-
mina and wings are extremely elongate, surpassing the caudal
femora by from one-half to two-thirds their length. The long-
winged type is that to which Scudder gave his name longipen-
nis. The tegmina and wings average shorter in the specimens
from Kearney, Neligh, North Platte and Haigler, Nebraska, and
Billings, Montana, than in those from any other locality. Every
one of seven specimens collected at electric lights at Lincoln,
Nebraska, by Prof. Bruner is of the very long-winged type, while
of thirty specimens from Billings, all taken in a sedgy area, but
two are of the verj^ long-winged form.
The color variation is chiefly in that of the dorsum of the
pronotum and of the face. The former area may be uniform
with the general body color or ma}^ be supplied with a pair of
brownish diverging lines, the area between these may or maj- not
be infuscate or washed with ferruginous, while the extent and
depth of these lines and the embrownment of the enclosed area
on the occiput is variable in the same proportion as on the prono-
tum. The face may be concolorous with the remainder of the
head or supplied with a more or less distinct median vertical bar,
which in the more intensely colored specimens is almost blackish
and generally considerably expanding ventrad, although it ma}'
be nearly subequal in width. Interior specimens do not show
this dark l^ar, as far as our material goes, except in the case of the
Indiana material called indianense by Blatchley and of a single
female labelled "Colorado," but from the coastal sections this
form generally outnumbers the pale faced type which occurs in
exactly the same situations. In the coastal area of Texas the
pale faced type is proportionately more numerous tlian in the
eastern coastal section. The occasional presence of a similar
facial bar has also been noted bj' us in 0. luilitare.
From observations made in New Jersey by the junior author
during the summer of 1914, it is evident that the young of the
present species found in the eastern coastal region exhil)it two
color forms, one with a striped face, the other with a uniformly
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
64 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
green face. The striped face form retains that condition through
the ecdyses to the adult condition, the other reaches the adult
condition without acquiring the barred face, but within a few
days after becoming adult, as the chitin thoroughly hardens the
stripe develops and becomes as prominent as in the other type.
This was ascertained by keeping specimens under observation
from the immature stages to that of thoroughly hardened adults.
It is very probable that green face adult specimens from New
Jersey were taken before they had fully acquired their permanent
adult coloration.
Measurements (in millimeters) of a number of average pairs
from representative localities .are here presented.
Rye Beach, Chestnut Neck,
Wrightsville,
Tybee Island,
New Hampshire
New Jersey
North Carolina
Georgia
c? 9
cf 9
cf 9
& 9
Length of pronotum . .
,3.7 4.2
4.1 4.
1
4.1 4.1
4.4 4.8
Length of tegmen ....
19 16.7
21 . 1 20
21.5 21.2
22.4 23
Length of caudal femur
13.2 13.5
14.8 15
16.5 15.7
16.6 17.5
Length of ovipositor . .
7.5
.... 7.
,8
.... 8.2
8.1
Homestead,
Vigo Co.
West Point,
West Point,
Florida
Indiana
Nebraska
Nebraska
(Paratypes (
Df
(0. delicatum)
0. campestre)
[type) (para-
type)
d^ 9
o^ 9
& 9
o^ 9
Length of pronotum . .
4.1 4.5
4.2 4
2
3.9 3.8
4.2 4.7
Length of tegmen ....
21.4 22.5
22 . 8 20
.8
18 18.2
22.7 23.2
Length of caudal femur
14.5 17
16 15
.6
14 14.5
16.5 18.5
Length of ovipositor . .
8.1
.... 7
.5
.... 10.5
.... 7.5
Lincoln, North Platte,
Billings,
Texas
Nebraska Nebraska
Montana
{TypeoiO.
tongipennis)
9 c? 9
& 9
&
Length of pronotum . . .
4.5 4
.5 4.3
4.6 4.6
5
Length of tegmen
26.2 19
.8 20.2
22 21.3
29 . 6
Length of caudal femur .
17.1 14
.5 14.7
15.7 16.2
19
Length of ovipositor . . .
13
9
9
8.5
Virginia Point,
Giegory,
Del Rio,
Beulah,
Texas
Texas
Texas New Mexico
d' 9
cf
cf
9
d 9
Length of pronotum . . .
4.9 5
5,2
5
.5 4.9 4.6 5
Length of tegmen ....
. 25 25.5
30.7
23
.9 20 24.7 26.8
Length of caudal femur
. 17. S 18.6
18.9
18
.5 16 17 17.5
Length of ovipositor .
9
. . 8.4
. .. 11.2
Normally this species has the ventro-external margin of the
caudal femora unspined, an occasional specimen, however, having
REHN AND HEBARD 65
a single adventitious spine on one limb and much more rarely
two spines on but a single limb. We have examined no specimen
with spines on both caudal femora. Curiously all individuals
noticed to have any spines at all are from localities west of the
Mississippi (Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska and Texas).
Distribution. — In the eastern United States apparenth' re-
stricted to the general vicinity of the coast, generally in or near
salt marsh, and distributed from New Hampshire (Rye Beach)
south to southern Florida (Homestead); in the interior ranging
from extreme southern Ontario (five localities reported by
Walker), northern peninsula of Michigan (Menominee), south-
eastern Minnesota (see Lugger) and south-central Montana
(Billings) south to the Gulf Coast of Florida and Mississippi, to
at least south-central Texas (Gregory and Del Rio), west to at
least Billings, Montana, eastern Colorado (La Junta and Jules-
burg) and Albuquerque, New Mexico. The vertical range of
the species is easily the greatest in the genus, extending from
sea-level to approximately 8000 feet (Beulah, New Mexico).
From the eastern states we know of no correct record of the
occurrence of the species at a locality away from the general
vicinity of the coast. Allard has reported longipenne from
Thompson's Mills, Georgia, but the material, which we have seen
collected by him an 1 so labelled, is referable to 0. agile.
Specimens Examined: 472; 235 d', 212 9, 13 juv. cf, 12 juv. 9.
Rye Beach, New Hampshire, IX, 1 and 2, 1913, (H.; in salt marsh grass),
3 d^, 4 9.
Vicinity of Boston, Massachusetts, (Scudder), 2 cT, [M. C. Z.].
Cape Cod, Massachusetts, (Scudder), 9 c?', 2 9, type and paratypes, [M. C.
Z.; U. S. N. M.].
Scituate, Massachusetts, VIII, 29, 1897, (F. H. Sprague), 2 9, [M. C. Z.].
Wesquage Beach, Rhode Island, IX, S to 10, 1913, (H ; in salt marsh grass),
1 d".
Stony Creek, Connecticut, IX, 2, 1904, (H. L. Viereck), 1 9, [A. N. S. P.].
Saybrook, Connecticut, VII, 27, 1904, (H. L. Viereck), 1 d", [A. N. S. P.].
Lighthouse Point, New Haven, Connecticut, IX, 27, 1904, (B. H. Walden),
1 9, [Hebard Chi.].
Spray Beach, New Jersey, IX, 6, 1906, (Bayard Long), 2 c?", [A. N. S. P.).
Mullica River meadows near New Gretna, New Jersey, VIII, 24, 1914, (H.;
in short grass far out on flats and in bordering rush swamp), 19 c?', 20 9, 1
juv. cT, 1 juv. 9 .
Chestnut Neck, New Jersey, VII, 16, 1911, (R. & H.; in salt marsh grass),
2 c^,6 9.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
66 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
Canton, New Jersey, IX, 7, 1910, (H. Fox); 1 cf', [A. N. S. P.].
Ventnor, New Jersey, VIII, 5 to VIII, 26, 1914, (H.; abundant in marshy
depression in sand), 40 c?, 28 9.6 juv. c?, 7 juv. 9 •
Margate City, New Jersey, VIII, 24, VIII, 17, 1914, (H.; scarce in salt marsh
chiefly of Panicularia fluitans), 2 cf, 2 9 .
Pleasantville, New Jersey, VIII, 17, 1914, (H. ; sliore margin of salt meadow),
1 d".
Ocean City, New Jersey, VIII, 14, 1914, (H.; middle of salt marsh), 1 d'.
Tiickahoe, New Jersey, VIII, 26, 1914, (H.; in freshwater marsh), 1 (f.
Cedar Springs, New Jersey, VIII, 14 and 26, 1914, (H.; in fresh marsh gi-asses
and rushes), 13 cf, 7 9 •
Between Woodbine and Belleplain, New Jersey, VIII, 21, 1912, (H. Fox;
in wet bog of J uncus canadensis), 2 cf, 3 9, [A. N. S. P.].
Ocean View, New Jersey, VII, 30, 1908, VII, 16, 1911, IX, 8, 1911, (H. Fox),
7 c?', 9 9 , [A. N. S. P.]; VII, 27, 1914, (H.; in upland field and on edge of salt
marsh). Id',! 9,1 juv. 9-
Sea Isle City, New Jersey, X, 9, 1910, (H. Fox), 1 c?, [A. N. S. P.].
Piermont, New Jersey, VIII, 26, 1909, (H. Fox; salt marsh), 2 cf, 1 9,
[A. N. S. P.].
Avalon, New Jersey, VIII, 12, 1911, (H. Fox), 3 c?, 4 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Swainton, New Jersey, VIII, 8, 1914, (H.; in swampy field), 1 9 .
Cape May Court House, New Jersey, VII, 20, VIII, 14 and 21, 1914, (H.;
common in salt marsh of Spartina patens and Distichlis spicala) ,2 cf , 5 9,6
juv. o^, 2 juv. 9 , (immature individuals on the earliest date).
Anglesea, New Jersey, IX, 5, 3 cf , 5 9, [A. N. S. P.].
Cold Spring, New Jersey, IX, 4, 1907, (Bayard Long), 2 9 , [A. N. S. P.];
VIII, 28, 1912, (H. Fox), 2 9, [A. N. S. P.].
Cape May, New Jersey, VII, 22, 1910, (H.; in salt marsh), 1 &■
Chestertown, Maryland, VIII, 4, 1912, VIII, 24, 1900, (E. G. Vanattaj, 1
c?,2 9, [A. N. S. P.].
Virginia, VIII, 14, 1 9 , [Hebard Chi.].
Ocean View, Virginia, VIII, 9, 1904, (A. N. Caudell), 1 c?, 2 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Vii-ginia Beach, Virginia, VIII, 31, 1903, (E. S. G. Titus), 1 d^, 1 9, [U. S.
N. M.].
Wrightsville, North Carohna, IX, 7, 1911, (R. & H.; fairly abundant in
high grasses growuig on edge of dry land) ,6 cf , 6 9 •
Smith Island, North Carolina; X, 1906, (F. Sherman), 1 9, [U. S. N. M.].
Tybee Island, Georgia, IX, 2, 1911, (R. & H.; very common in salt marsh),
24 cf , 14 9 ; VIII, 12, 1903, (Morse), 5 cf , 3 9, [Morse Cln.].
Warrington, Florida, VIII, 4, 1903, (Morse), 2 cf , 1 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Fort Barrancas, Florida, VIII, 3, 1903, (Morse), 4 cf , 3 9, [Morse Chi.].
Biloxi, Mississippi, VII, 19, 1905, (Morse), 1 cf, 1 9, [Morse Cln.].
Buras, Louisiana, VII, 23, 190.5, (Morse), 1 9 , [Morse Chi.].
Crowley, Louisiana, IX, 23, 1911, (E. S. Tucker; in rice field), 2 cf, 2 9,
[U. S. N. M.].
Cleveland, Ohio, VIII, 19, 1 cf , [M. C. Z.].
Cedar Point, Ohio, VIII, 1912, (W. J. Kostir), 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
REHN AND HEBARD 67
Gypsum, Ohio, VIII, 20, (J. L. King), 1 ^, [U. S. N. M.].
Menominee, Michigan, IX, 5, 1904, (E. S. G. Titus), 1 cf , [U. S. X. M.].
Vigo County, Indiana, VIII, 27 and IX, 8, 1893, (Blatchley), 2 d', 2 9..
[Hebard Chi., and U. S. N. M.]. Paraiijpes of 0. cainpestre.
Kewannee, Indiana, IX, 24, 1892, X, 7, 1893, (Blatchley) 3 d^, 1 9 , [Hebard
Chi. M. C. Z. and U. S. N. M.]. Paralypes of 0. indianense.
Starke County, Indiana, VIII, 11, 1904, VIII, 15, 20 and21, 1902, (Blatchley),
2 cf, 4 9 . [Hebard Chi., A. N. S. P., and U. S. N. M.].
Marshall County, Indiana, VII, 29, 1902, X, 5 and 15, 1904, (Blatchley),
2 d^, 4 9 , [Hebard Chi., A. N. S. P., and U. S. N. M.].
Lake Maxinkuckee, Indiana, VIII, 17, 1893, (Blatchley), Icf, [Morse Chi.].
Steuben Coimty, Indiana, VIII, 6 and 8, 1902, IX, 8, 1902, (Blatchley) od^,
1 9 , [Hebard Cln., A. N. S. P., and U. S. N. M.].
Kosciusko County, Indiana, VIII, 8 and 27, 1902, (Blatchley), 1 o^ 1 9 ,
[A. N. S. P. and U. S. N. M.].
Fulton County, Indiana, IX, 24, 1892, (Blatchley), 1 cf, 1 9, [U. S. N. M.].
Lake County, Indiana, IX, 1, 1902, (Blatchley), 2 9 , [A. X. S. P., and U. S.
N. M.].
Moline, lUinois, VIII, 4, (McNeill), 1 9, [M. C. Z.].
La^ai Ridge, Illinois, (A. Agassiz), 1 9, [M. C. Z.].
Arkansas, 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Fort Dodge, Iowa, VIII, 27, 1910, (M. P. Somes), 1 9 , [Hebard Chi.].
Dallas County, Iowa, VIII, 20 to 23, (Allen), 1 9 , [M. C. Z.].
Hollister, Missouri, VIII, 12, 1912, (H. H. Knight), 2o^, 1 9 , [Cornell Univ.].
West Pomt, Nebraska, VII, 1884, VIII, 17, IX, 4 and 5, (L. Bruner), 8 cT,
7 9 [Hebard Chi.]; VIII, 17, (L. Bruner), 1 d^, 1 9, [Cornell Univ.]. Type
and five paratypes of gracile Bruner.
Lincok, Nebraska, VII, VIII, (L. Bruner), 7 d', 6 9, [Hebard Cln., and
U. S. N. M.].
Burnham, Nebraska, VIII, 30, 1911, (L. Bruner), 1 d", [Hebard Chi.].
Cedar Bluffs, Nebraska, 2 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Neligh, Nebraska, VIII, (M. Gary), 2 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Kearney, Nebraska, VII, 27, 1910, (R. & H.; in gra.ssy patch), 1 9 .
North Platte, Nebraska, VII, 28, 1910, (R. & H.; in marshy tract), G o', 8 9 .
Haigler, Nebraska, VIII, 10, 1901, (L. Bruner), 1 9, [Hebard Cln.].
Clearwater, Kansas, VIII, 30, 1904, (F. B. Isely), 1 d^, [U. S. N. M.].
Billings, Montana, VII, 28, 1909, (R. & H.; in marshy area of sedges),
14 d', 16 9,1 juv. 9.
Julesburg, Colorado, VII, 29, 1910, (R. & H.; in grasses in river bottom),
1 d^, 1 9.
Near La Jimta, Colorado, IX, 11, 1909, (R. &H.; in Arkansas River bottom
land), 1 d'.
Barber County, Kansas, (F. W. Cragin), 2 d^, [Hebard Cln.].
DaUas, Texas, (Boll), 1 9, [M. C. Z.].
Vii-ginia Point, Texas, VII, 21, 1912, (H.; in lu.xuriant salt marsh vegetation),
5 d^,7 9.
Victoria, Texas, VI, (A. N. Caudell), 1 9 . [U. S. N. M.].
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
68 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Gregory, Texas, VII, 30, 1912, (H.; in fresh marsh vegetation), 1 cf.
Del Rio, Texas, VIII, 22 and 23, 1912, (R. & H.; in heavy grasses in Rio
Grande bottom), 2 cf, 1 9 •
Albuquerque, New Mexico, VII, 13 and 16, (Oslar), 2 cf , 1 9 , [A. N. S. P.];
IX, 14, 1907, (H.; in cultivated ground), 1 c^, [Hebard Cln.].
Beulah, New Mexico, VIII, 17, (H. Skinner), 1 o", 2 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
The present authors or the senior author alone have already recorded this
species from Atlantic City, New Jersey and Punta Gorda, Fort Myers, South
Bay of Lake Okeechobee, Chokoloskee and Homestead, Florida, and as longi-
penne from Hannibal, Missouri.
Orchelimum fidicinium Rehn and Hebard (Figs. 13, 28, 55, 56 and 80.)
?1839. Orchelimum herbaceu-m Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins. Orth., p. 524. [North
America.]
1907. Orchelimum, fidicinium Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1907, p. 309, figs. 7 to 9. [Cedar Keys and Gainesville, Florida.]
1908. Orchelimum crusculum Davis, Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc, xvi, p. 223.
[Tucker ton. New Jersey; Staten Island and Rockaway, New York.]
As we liave a]ready stated in tlie preliminary remarks on the
genus, Serville's herhaceum, which has generally been associated
with Scudder's concinnum, seems to resemble this species more
closely in the length and form of the ovipositor than any other
of which we know the female, except the long ovipositor type of
concinnum. The latter condition, however, as far as known, occurs
only in a region which at that time was almost unexplored and
there is little possibility of it having been in Serville's possession,
particularly as he says the specimen came from Latreille, who
died in 1833. The character of the facial marking described by
Serville is not normally found in any form known to us, that is
no form has an "almost transverse" black spot on the face. A
similar condition is found below the eyes in specimens of a num-
ber of species which have discolored in drying. However, we
have no definite proof that herhaceum is the same as fidicinium,
and, until we have some positive information of this sort, we do
not care to replace a well understood name by another of doubt-
ful status. We have endeavored to locate Serville's type and
have the same examined, but unfortunately without success.
The synonymy of crusculum is evident on comparison of typi-
cal material of the same, kindly loaned to us by Mr. Davis, with
the typical series of fidicinium.
As in other species of the genus there is a general increase in
size southward, but in the Cumberland Island series we find a
1-2
1-2
2-1
1-2
3-3
1-0
3-31 s
1-0
4-1
1-2
1-1
5-3
3-2
3-2
2-1
3-2
1-1
1-1
2-4
1-1
REHN AND HEBARD 69
very considerable amount of individual variation in this respect
in both sexes. The smaller New Jersey individuals, however,
are very appreciably smaller than the smallest Cumberland Island
specimens.
The ovipositor curve varies somewhat, in one extreme this
appendage being straighter than in others, with its dorsal margin
but little arcuate, while the more usual condition has the whole
ovipositor with its margins more regularly but not strongly arcu-
ate. The distal section of the ventro-external margin of the caudal
femora is either unarmed or supplied with from one to five spines.
An examination of thirty specimens, taken at random, for the
number of these spines shows the following:
Cape May, New Jersey Wrightsville, North Carolina Cumberland Island, Georgia
1-0 4-1
1-0 o-o
0-0 0-1
0-0 1-1
2-1 3-2
There is a great amount of variation in the depth of the gen-
eral coloration, but in the vast majority the dark dorsal band is
indicated. The Cumberland Island and numerous New Jersey
specimens average dark in general tone, with generally strongly
contrasted pattern. When fresh many specimens from these
localities were distinctly thalassine in tone.
Distribution. — Salt marsh and maritime region from western
Long Island, New York (Rockaway) to southern Georgia (Cum-
berland Island) and western Florida (Cedar Keys). It has l)een
recorded inland in but a single instance, that from Gainesville,
Florida, although two females labelled "Swansea, South Caro-
lina," a locality approximately one hundred miles inland, are now
in hand. We feel very doubtful, with our personal knowledge of
the habits of this species, as to the correctness of these two records.
The Gainesville one was reported by us when our knowledge of
the insect was l)y no means as full as at present, and in all proba-
bility the specimen reported was secured the jjrevious day at
Cedar Keys and accidentally confused in labelling.
1* The ventro-internal margins of the caudal femora liavo a singk' .spine
instead of being unarmed as usual.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
70 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Specimens Examined: 248; 112 c/', 117 9 , 6 juv. cf , 13 juv. 9.
Tuckerton, New Jersey, IX, 1, (W. T. Davis), 1 d', 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.]. Para-
types of 0. crusculum Davis.
Ventnor, New Jersey, VIII, 24, 1914, (H.; common in and about tall fringing
borders of Spartina strida far out on tidal flats), 15 cf , 17 9 , 4 juv. cf, 2 juv. 9 .
Ocean City, New Jersey, VIII, 14, 1914, (H.; middle of salt marsh), 5 cf,
5 9.
Townsend's Inlet, New Jersey, VIII, 10, 1908, (H. Fox; in grassy marsh
and grassy meadow), 2 9, [A. N. S. P.].
Avalon, New Jersey, VIII, 14, 1908, (H. Fox; in Scir pus iftar beach), 1 9,
[A. N. S. P.]; VIII, 20, 1910, VIII, 12, 1911, VIII, 26, 1912, (H. Fox; in Spar-
tina in salt marsh), 5 d", 16 9,1 juv. 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Ocean View, New Jersey, VIII, 12, 1908, VIII, 29, 1910, (H. Fox; grassy
places in salt marsh), 1 d', 5 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Sea Isle City Turnpike, New Jersey, VIII, 12, 1911, VIII, 15, 1910, (H. Fox;
in Spartina in salt marsh), 10 cf , H 9,1 juv. cf, 9 juv. 9, [A. N. S. P.].
Goshen, New Jersey, VIII, 22, 1910, (H. Fox), 1 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
South Dennisville, New Jersey, VIII, 27, 1912, (H. Fox; in Spartina glabra),
3 c?, 1 9, [A. N. S. P.].
Cape May Court House, New Jersey, VIII, 14, 1914, (H.; in salt marsh in
Spartina striata), 1 cf, 1 9 •
Anglesea, New Jersey, IX, 8, 1 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Cape May, New Jersey, VII, 22, 1910, (H.; in salt marsh), 4 d', 3 9 ; VIII,
8, 1914, (H.; out on salt marsh in Spartina striata), 3 d^, 2 9 .
Ocean View, Virginia, VIII. 9, (Caudell), 7 d', 1 9,1 juv. d", 1 juv. 9, [U.
S. N. M. and A. N. S. P.].
Wrightsville, North Carolina, IX, 7, 1911, (R. & H.; scarce in marsh grass),
5 d^, 10 9.
Swansea, South Carolina, VIII, 7, 1911, (F. Knab), 2 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Coast of South Carolina, 1 d', [A. N. S. P.].
Savannah, Georgia, VIII, 20, 1895, (A. Oemler), 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.J.
Tybee Island, Georgia, VII, 26, 1913, (J. C. Bradley), 2 c?, 1 9 , [Ga. State
Cln.]; VIII, 13, 1903, (Morse), 8 o^, 3 9, [Morse Chi.].
Cumberland Island, Georgia, VIII, 31, 1911, (H.; in high salt marsh grass
growing between high and low tide beach lines on boggy gi'ound), 41 d^, 32 9 •
The species has been recorded previously from Cedar Keys (and Gainesville,
incorrectly) Florida; Rockaway and Staten Island, New York, and Tuckerton,
Ocean View, Townsend's Inlet and Anglesea, New Jersey.
Orchelimum tailitare Rehu and Hcbard (Figs. 14, 29, 57, 58 and 81.)
1907. Orchelimum militare Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1907, p. 311, figs. 10 and 11. [Gainesville, Florida.]
Tliis very distinct species has some relationship to 0. fidicin-
ium, but the sum total of its characters give it an isolated posi-
tion.
In size it answers to the general rule of the genus, in that the
smaller individuals are more frequent at the more northern local-
REHN AND HEBARD 71
ities and the average size southward is greater, but the Florence
series is sufficient to show that the individual size variation is
very great.
As with glaberrimum this species occasionally develops a red-
dish coloration of the head, as rich and decided as in the most
extreme individual of the larger species, while other specimens of
militare have a vertical facial bar ranging in color from pale red-
dish to walnut brown, which condition is quite similar to that
frequently found in 0. concinnum. This facial marking occa-
sionally spreads out laterad over the ventral portion of the genae
and again in some few specimens the infra-ocular and infra-
antennal regions are quite blackish.
The number of spines on the distal portion of the ventro-ex-
ternal margin of the caudal femora either varies from one to two
or the margin is unarmed. A count of twentj^ specimens shows
the following results:
Florence, South Carolina Winter Park, North CaroUna
0-0 0-0 0-0 0-2
2-2 1-1 0-0 1-0
2-1 2-1 1-0 0-0
0-0 1-1 0-0 0-0
0-0 0-1 0-0 1-1
Distribution. — -Coastal Plain region. Gulf coast and Florida,
ranging from south-central New Jersey (Speedwell) south to
southern Florida (Detroit), west at least as far as southern Mis-
sissippi (Nugent) and southeastern Louisiana (Buras). The
known limits of its range inland toward the Piedmont region are
Florence, South Carolina, and Tifton, Georgia.
Specimens Examined: 74; 45 cf, 28 9 , 1 juv. 9.
Speedwell, New Jersey, VIII, 31, 1905, (Witmer Stone), IcT^, [A. N. S. P.]'».
Winter Park, North Carolina, IX, 7, 1911, (R. & H.; in gi-een grasses on edge
of field), 12 d^, 2 9.
Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina, IX, 8, 1911, (R. & H.; in high weeds near
lake shore), 1 cf, 2 9 .
Florence, South Carolina, IX, 6, 1911, (R. & H.; in open phices in short-
leaf pine or oak woods, in grasses several feet high), 15 c?, 10 9 .
Jesup, Georgia, IX, 1, 1911, (H.; in bulrushes in swamp in pine woods)-", 2 9 .
^8 This specimen was recorded l)y Smith (1909 List of New Jersey Insects)
under 0. herbaceum.
-" This specimen was seen to dive off of tlic rushes into the water and swim
swiftly to a leaf under which it chnig, being perfectly concealed an inch or
more under water.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
72 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
Waycross, Georgia, VIII, 11, 1903, (Morse), 2 c^, 2 9, [Morse Cln.].
Jordan's. Billy's Island, Georgia, VIII, 31, 1913, (J. C. Bradley), 1 cf , 1 9-
Homerville, Georgia, VIII, 27, 1911, (R. & H.), 1 Juv. 9 •
Tifton, Georgia, IX, 8, 1910, (J. C. Bradley), 1 d", [Ga. State Cln.].
Bainbridge, Georgia, IX, 17 to X, 19, 1910, (J. C. Bradley), 1 9 , [Ga. State
Cln.].
Jacksonville, Florida, (Priddey), Id'; VIII, 1885, (Ashmead), IcT, [Hebard
Cln.].
Atlantic Beach, Florida, VIII, 24, 1911, (R. & H.; swampy area on edge of
hammock), 1 9 .
Hastings, Florida, V, 22 to X, 15, (A. G. Brown), 8 c?^, 4 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Nugent, Mississippi, VII, 20, 1905, (Morse), 1 d', 3 9, [Morse Chi.].
Buras, Louisiana, VII, 23, 1905, (Morse), 1 cf, [Morse Cln.].
We have previously recorded this species from Gainesville and Detroit,
Florida; Okeefenokee Swamp, Georgia, and Winter Park, North Carolina.
Orchelimum volantum McNeill (Figs. 15, 30, 59, 60 and 82.)
1891. Orchelimum volantum McNeill, Psyche, vi, p. 26. [Rock River near
Cleveland, Henry County, Illinois.]
1893. Orchelimum bruneri Blatchley, Canad. Entom. xxv, p. 92. [Vigo
County, Indiana.]
The above synonymy has l^een estalihshed by Blatchley after
the examination of typical material on which the two names were
based.-^ The paired dark lines on the dorsum of the head and
pronotum are indicated in the majority of the specimens, occa-
sionally, however, entirely absent.
The ventro-external margin of the caudal femora shows from
one to four spines present distad, eight specimens, which possess
one or both caudal limbs, showing the following formulae; 3-4,
2-4, 2-4, 2-1, 2-3, 2-3, 3-?, 3-?.
Distribution. — North-central Mis.sissippi and lower Missouri
valleys, southern Great Lake region; from south-central Ontario
(Niagara Kiver) and northern Ohio (Cedar Point), west to east-
ern Nebraska (Cedar Bluffs) and Kansas (Douglas County), the
latter and Vigo County, Indiana, being the most southern locali-
ties, while Sarnia, Ontario is the most northern point from which
it is known.
Specimens Examined: 15; 4 cf, 11 9.
Point Pelee, Ontario, VIII, 8, 1901, (E. M. Walker), 1 d', 1 9 , [A. N. S. P.],
Lake Maxinkuckee, Indiana, VIII, 17, 1893, (W. S. Blatchley), 1 d', 2 9,
[Morse Cln., U. S. N. M. and M. C. Z.]. Paratypcs of 0. bruneri Blatchley.
21 Orthoi)t. of Indiana, ]). 391, (1903).
REHN AND HEBARD 73
Vigo County, Indiana, VIII, 17 and 18, IX, 28 and X, 1, 1893, (W. S. Blatch-
ley), 1 cf, 5 9, [Hebard Cln. and U. S. N. M.]. Parntypes of 0. bruneri.
Iowa City, Iowa, (Shimek), 3 9, [Hebard Cln.].
Cedar Bluffs, Iowa, 1 d', [Hebard Cln.].
Orchelimum bradleyi new specie.s (Figs. 4, 31, 61, 62 and 83.)
1911. Orchelimum volantum Rehn and Hebard (not Orchelimum volnnlum
McNeill, 1891), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1910, p. 595. [Okefenokee
Swamp, Georgia.]
1911. Orchelimum volantum Sherman and Brimley (not McNeiU, 1891),
Entom. News, xxii, p. 391. [Wilmington, North Carolina.]
The acquisition of male individuals of this striking species, and
the ability to judge the constancy of the ovipositor characters
previously pointed out (vide supra), enal)le us to differentiate the
present form from its nearest ally, the interior volantum. While
the general form is very similar the new species is distinctly the
larger, the cephalic and median femora are more distinctly taper-
ing and the caudal femora are slightly more inflated proximad.
In the male sex the differential characters are cereal, the new
form having the cercus more attenuate distad, mesad more
inflated on the dorsal surface and with the median tooth de-
cidedly proximal in position and directed more ventro-proximad.
Another cereal feature in the new form is the decided depression
at the base of the tooth. In the female sex the ovipositor of
bradleyi is similar in general character and dorsal curve to that
of volantum, but it is narrow disto-mesad w^ith the ventral margin
regularly and gently arcuate.
Type. — cf ; Chase Prairie, OkeefT3nokee Swamp, Georgia. Sep-
tember 5, 1913. (J. Chester Bradley.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
Type no. 5242.]
DescripHon of Type. — Size medium; form elongate, slender. Head with the
fastigium roundly and appreciably elevated dorsad of the occiput, as in volantum
regularly rounding, when seen from the lateral aspect, to the interfastigial
suture, narrow, ventral portion with the adjacent facial fastigium strongly
compressed; eyes subovate in basal outline, moderately prominent when seen
from the dorsum ; antennae at least two and one-half times as long as the body.
Pronotum with the dorsal outline of the metanotum moderately ascending
caudad; cephalic margin of the pronotum emarginato-truncate, caudal margin
moderately arcuate; prozona slightly more than one and one-half times the
length of the metazona, greatest dorsal width of metazona four-fifths the dorsal
length of the entire pronotum; lateral loties of the pronotum with the greatest
dorsal length of the lobes subequal to their greatest depth, ventro-ccphalic
angle obtusely-rounded, ventral margin oblique, straight, ventro-cephaUc
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
74 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
angle rotundato-obtuse-angulate, caudal margin arcuate but slightly flattened
ventrad, humeral sinus distinct, broad, convex callosity of lateral lobes broad,
elliptical. Tegmina nearly one and one-half times as long as the caudal femora,
elongate lanceolate, moderately acute; structure of the stridulating field as in
volanlum. Wings surpassing the tegmina by about half the ])ronotal length.
Cerci elongate, robust, distal portion tapering, internal tooth place distinctly
proximad of the middle, the tooth depressed, directed ventro-proximad and
moderately acute, the distal portion of the tooth alone tapering, the proximal
portion subequal in width, dorsal surface of cereal shaft inflated dorso-mesad,
this developed proximad into a carinate ridge which curves around the base of
the tooth, distal portion of shaft depressed, tapering and with the apex gently
incurved; subgenital plate fuU, lateral margins arcuate, distal margin very
shallowly obtuse-angulate emarginate, styles articulate, slender. Cephalic
and median femora very appreciable tapering distad; caudal femora consid-
erably inflated proximad, very slender distad, distal portion of ventro-external
margins armed with two to three spines.
Allotype. — 9 ; Same data as the type.
Description of Allotype. — Differing from the description of the male in the
following features. Ovipositor very slightly longer than half the caudal
femoral length, rather heavy, dorsal margin nearly straight, ventral margin
straight proximad, gently arcuate distad, apex very acute, width subequal in
proximal five-eighths. Subgenital plate simple, narrowly emarginate disto-
mesad.
Paratypic Series. — ^We have in addition to the type and allo-
type a paratypic series of four males from the tj'pe locality.
Measurements {in inillimeters)
&
Length of body
Length of pronotum . .
Length of tegmen
Length of wing distad of
tegmen
Length of caudal femur.
Length of body
Length of pronotum . .
Length of tegmen ....
Length of wing distad of
tegmen
Length of caudal femur
Length of ovipositor . .
-2 Greatly shrivelled.
(Type)
23.2
Chase Prairie, Georgia
(Paralype) (Paratype)
24 25
(Paratype)
23.2
4.9
4.8
4.8
5
26.8
25.7
26
27.7
2.7
3
2.8
2.6
20
19.5
19
19.2
9
Wilmington,
forth Carolina
1822
Chase Prairie,
Georgia
(Allotype)
23.2
Okeefenokee
Swamp, Georgia
21.5
Jacksonville,
Florida
23.6
5.2
5
4.9
5
28.9
26
26.1
28.6
1.6
broken
2.5
2.7
21.2
18.9
20.2
19.2
11.3
10.4
10.7
11.5
REHN AND HEBARD 75
Color Notes. — General color (in well preserved specimens) light
paris green to light oriental green, becoming more biscay green
on the caudal limbs. Dorsmn of head occasionally, and of pro-
notum and stridulating field of tegmina always, more or less
ochraceous-buff; as far as the present material goes always
bearing on the prozona a pair of brownish (russet to bone-brown)
lines, which become w^eakened on the metazona and there diverge;
these lines are rarely present on the occiput. Eyes chocolate.
Antennae ochraceous-orange, each joint uni-annulate with bone
brown. Abdominal appendages of male washed with honey
yellow. Ovipositor weakly washed with kaiser brown or uni-
colorous with the body. Tibial spines black tipped.
Morphological Notes. — The number of spines on the ventro-
external margins of the caudal femora varies from one to four.
Biological Notes. — Dr. J. Chester Bradley, in whose honor we
have named the species and who collected the typical material,
has supplied us with the following notes on the habits of these
insects. "In the eastern half of the Okeefenokee Swamp are
extensive so-called prairies. These are really inundated plains
grown up with sawgrass, maiden-cane, or in places open shallow
lakes covered with a multitude of water plants. The natives of
the Okeefenokee told us of diving grasshoppers which lived on
these prairies, and in making a trip to the Chase Prairies in
September 1913, I found these grasshoppers in great abundance
in the grasslike plants growing out of the water or growing
along the banks of the old canal. As the boat approached them
they jumped from the grass into the water, completely disap-
pearing, and so quick were they to do this when alarmed that
it was only after some difficulty that we succeeded in catching
a series of specimens."
Distribution. — Extending from southeastern North Carolina
(Wilmington) south to northern Florida (Jacksonville and Tal-
lahassee), inland as far as the Okeefenokee Swamp, southern
Georgia.
Specimens Examined: 10; 6 cf, 4 9 .
Wilmington, North Carolina, VIII, 1, 1 9 , [Davis Cln.].
Okeefenokee Swamp, Georgia, IX, 10, (J. C. Bradley), 1 9, [A. N. S. P.].
Chase Prairie, Okeefenokee Swamp, Georgia, IX, .5, 1913, (J. C. Bradley), 5
cf, 1 9 , [A. N. S. P., Hebard Cln. and Cornell University]. Type, allotype and
paratypes.
TRA.NS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
76 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Jacksonville, Florida, (Priddey) 1 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Tallahassee, Florida, (T. Glover), 1 d", [M. C. Z.].
Orchelimum superbum new species (Figs. 5, 32, 63 and 64.)
1914. Orchelimum glaberrimum Fox, (not of Burmeister, 1838), Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 1914, p. 526. (Part.) [Between Winslow and Folsom, New
Jersey.]
A very distinct species belonging to the same subgenus as
fraternum and unispina, but also showing tendencies toward
bradleyi. In the unispinose genicular lobes of the caudal femora
it shows affinity to fraternum and unispina, but the much greater
size, form of the stridulating field of the male tegmina and other
features remove it from their immediate vicinity. Of the two
it is nearer unispina, which, however, also differs from superbum
in having acuminate cerci in the male. It resembles bradleyi
somewhat in general plan of the stridulating field but the de-
tails are quite different and the cerci and lateral lobes of the
pronotum as well as the caudal genicular spines are different
from those found in bradleyi. The female sex is not known.
Type. — d^; Winslow Junction, Camden County, New Jersey.
July 8, 1911. (Henry Fox; in bog toward Folsom along Cape
May Division of Atl. City R. R.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type
no. 5266.]
Description oj Type. — Size moderately large; foi'm subcompressed, elongate.
Head with the plane of the occiput and fastigium horizontal, the latter well
rounded into the outline of the moderately retreating face when viewed from the
lateral aspect; fastigium moderately broad, arcuate dorsad in transverse sec-
tion, cephalic outhne blunt arcuate, the lateral margins, when seen from the
cephalic aspect, moderately concavo-arcuate convergent ventrad, the ventral
point truncate and closely in contact with the fastigium of the face; eyes nearly
circular in basal outline, which is fairly flattened cephalad, the depth of the eye
but faintly more than half that of the infra-ocular portion of the genae, when
viewed from the dorsum the eyes are not prominent and are appreciably
flattened; antennae at least twice as long as the body, proximal joint with a
very distinct distal rounded lobe on the internal face. Pronotum faintly
sellate, the dorsal line, when seen from the lateral aspect, horizontal on the
prozona and faintly ascending on the metazona, the greatest dorsal width of
disk of pronotum contained one and one-half times in the length of same;
cephalic margin of pronotal disk very faintly arcuato-emarginate, caudal mar-
gin of pronotal disk regularly arcuate; prozona constituting slightly less than
two-thirds the length of the pronotal disk, separated from the metazona by a
weakly impressed transverse depression, a weak medio-longitudinal sulcus
faintly indicated on the caudal section of the prozona and somewhat more
strongly on the metazona; lateral lobes of the pronotum broadly rounding into
REHN AND HEBARD 77
the prozonal disk and separated from the dorsal surface by a distmct but
rounded shoulder on the metazona, in outline the lobes areas deep as the greatest
dorsal length of the same, cephahc margin broadly rounding into the straight
and very oblique ventral margin, ventro-oaudal angle narrowly rounded acute-
angulate, caudal margin extending slightly ventro-cephalad in du-ection but
nearly vertical, straight with a very faint sinuosity, no distinct humeral sinus
present, convex callosity elongate, narrow. Tegmina elongate, sublanceolate,
surpassing the apex of the abdomen by the combined length of the head and
pronotum, distal half of the tegmina appreciably narrower than the proximal
portion, apex narrowly rounded; stridulating area shorter than the dorsum of
the pronotum, no wider than the same, stridulating vein nearly transverse,
strongly thickened toward the humeral trunk, the greatest width of the specu-
lum, i. e., along the stridulating vein, contained nearly one and one-half
times in the greatest length of the same. Wings very briefly surpassing the
tips of the tegmina. Cerci with the portion proximad of the tooth short and
relatively slender, the median portion very robust and inflated, the distal
extremity subdepressed, an indication of a carina is present on the dorsal
surface proximad of the tooth, the latter internal in position and ventro-
cephahc in trend, in length subequal to the section of the cereal shaft proximad
of the tooth, tapering, the immediate apex sharply acuminate and uncinate,
median inflation of shaft bulbous, apex of shaft very bluntly narrowing,
slightly directed inwards, internal margui of that portion faintly arcuato-
concave, the plane of depression tilted ventro-laterad; subgenital plate obtuse-
angulate emarginate, styles rather short, shghtly tapering, ventral surface of
plate moderately tricarinate, the median one much stronger than those ex-
tending from the style bases. Cephalic and median tibiae each with six pairs
of spines. Caudal femora equal to about three-fourths of the tegminal length,
considerably inflated proximad but passing evenly and gradually into the
slender distal portion, genicular lobes unispinose, ventral margins unarmed;
caudal tibiae with margins well spined.
Paratypic Series. — We have selected the type from a series of
four males bearing the same data and one male from Sewell,
Gloucester County, New Jersey, taken July 10, 1910, by Dr.
Henry Fox. The four specimens other than the type we indicate
as paratypes.
Measurements {in millimeters)
■71 Length of Length of Length of Length of
'^ body pronotum tegmen caudal femur
Winslow Junction, New Jer-
sey.... T^/pe 24.6 6 24.4 18
Winslow Junction, New Jer-
sey.... Parafype 24.5 6.1 25.4 18.2
Winslow Junction, New
Jersey .... Paratype 23 6 25 17. &
Sewell, New Jersey ... .Par-
atype 19.6 5 22 15. ft
TR.\NS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
78 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Color Notes. — General color ranging from lime green to light
cress green, the discoidal and stridulating fields of the tegmina
weakly washed with wood brown, the usual longitudinal expand-
ing bar on the dorsum of the head and pronotum hazel to russet
on the pronotum, becoming obsolete on the metazona and inten-
sified on the head, the paired bordering lines on the pronotum
bone brown, sharply pencilled, moderately broad and slightly
converging caudad on the metazona, contrasted laterad by a
yellowish wash, the dark lines subobsolete on the head. Tegmina
with the veins of the costal section of the marginal field sulphate
green, the distal section of the same field toward the humeral
trunk, including the mediastine vein, lined in similar fashion with
acajou red, area of the humeral trunk weakly lined with buff-
yellow. Abdomen with a broad subequal medio-longitudinal bar
of claret brown of variable intensity, this bordered laterad by
distinct but narrow lines of buff-yellow, these varying in inten-
sity and continuity. Eyes auburn to chestnut. Antennae with
the proximal joint of the general color, the remainder washed
with auburn to bay, becoming stronger distad. Cerci pale ochra-
ceous-orange, more or less washed distad and mesad with fer-
ruginous. Caudal tibiae washed with russet, the spines black
with pale bases.
Distribution. — The species is only known from two localities in
or along the western edge of the Pine Barren area of southern
New Jersey.
Biological Notes. — All the material known of this species was
taken in bogs or reedy swamps. At Sewell, according to infor-
mation with the specimen taken at that locality, several individ-
uals were heard singing.
Morphological Notes. — The specimens examined are quite uni-
form in structure, the only variation being in size and this is
probably geographic, as those individuals from the type locality
are of very similar size, while that from Sewell is distinctly
smaller.
Specimens Examined: 5 cf .
Sewell, New Jersey, VII, 10, 1910, (H. Fox; in reedy swamp), Icf, paraiype,
[A. N. S. P.].
Winslow Junction, New Jersey, VII, 8, 1911, (H. Fox; in bog), 4 o"', type
and paralypes, [A. N. S. P.].
KEHN AND HEBARD 79
Orchelimum fraternum new ispt'fios (Figs. 16, 33, 65 and 66.)
As shown in the key this is a species related to 0. unispina,
differing in the possession of a distinct though shallow humeral
sinus to the lateral lobes of the pronotum, in the relatively
greater width of the same lateral lobes, in the relatively broader
convex callosity of the lobes and in the relatively blunter and
less attenuate cerci of the male.
Type. — cf ; Guadalajara, State of Jalisco, Mexico. (D. L.
Crawford.) [Acad, of Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5269.]
Description of Type. — Size medium; form moderately robust, subcompressed.
Head with the line of the occiput and fastigium on a plane with that of the
dorsum of the pronotum when seen from the side, the fastigial outline well
rounding into the subarcuate and but moderately retreating facial outline;
fastigium heavy, when viewed from the dorsum apprecialjly thicker than the
width of the proximal antennal joint, when seen from the facial aspect the
lateral margins of the fastigium are strongly arcuato-concave convergent
ventrad, rather narrowly in contact with the facial fastigium, the interfastigial
suture arcuate, the fastigium of the face narrow; eyes subcircular in basal
outline, this flattened cephalad, in depth the eyes are equal to about one and
one-half times that of the infra-ocular portion of the genae, when viewed from
the dorsum the eyes are but little prominent and somewhat flattened; antennae
at least twice as long as the body, proximal joint with a distinct rounded pro-
jection distad on the internal margin. Pronotum when seen from the side
with the dorsal line nearly straight, very faintly ascending caudad on the
metazona, greatest dorsal width (caudad) of pronotal disk contained about one
and two-fifths time in the dorsal length, on the prozona the disk rounds laterad
into the lateral lobes but is separated on the metazona l)y distmct though
rounded shoulders ; cephalic margin of pronotal disk faintly emarginate, caudal
margin of pronotal disk arcuate, slightly flattened mesad, prozona nearly twice
the length of the metazona, separated by a distinct but not very deep trans-
verse impression, faint indications of a medio-longitudinai sulcus present on
the prozona, this being continuous though slight on the metazona; lateral
lobes of the pronotum with their greatest dorsal length slightly surpassing the
greatest depth of the lobes, cephalic margin of lol^es moderately oblique,
truncate, passing into the sinuato-truncate ventral margin by a well roimded
obtuse angle, ventro-caudal angle narrowly rounded, rectangulate, caudal
margin oblique truncate, with a distinct and broad though shallow humeral
sinus, convex callosity distinct, elongate elliptical, with its greatest width con-
tained about three times in its length. Tegmina decidedly surpassing the
apex of the abdomen and falling short of the apices of the caudal femora by
about the same distance, elongate lanceolate, the margins regularly converging
in their distal two-thirds, apex acuminate with the extremity very narrowly
rounded; stridulating field relatively small, distinctly shorter than tlie pro-
notal disk and not quite as wide as the greatest width of the same, stridulating
vein nearly straight, slender, subecjual in width. Wings slightly surpassing
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
80 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
the tegminal apices. Pros'ternum bispinose. Cerci acuminate, straight, the
section of the shaft proximad of the tooth more slender than the median portion,
which is subinflated, tooth pkced at about the proximal third on the internal
face and directed cephalo-laterad, the tooth being subequal in length to the
proximal portion of the shaft, greatly thickened at the base and with a very
slender and subspiniform apex, median portion of shaft subequal in width, the
distal third tapering with the immediate apex blunt; subgenital plate with the
distal margin subtruncate, styles small, slender and tapering, ventral surface
of plate with a weak median and much thicker paired lateral carinae. Caudal
femora sUghtly shorter than the body length, slightly surpassing the tips of the
wings, strongly inflated in the proximal half and regularly tapering to the
slender distal portion, ventral margins unarmed, genicular lobes very briefly
and rather bluntly unispinose.
The type specimen is unique.
Measurements of Type (in millimeters) . — Length of body, 18.2;
length of pronotum, 4.9; length of tegmen, 16.6; length of caudal
femur, 16.1.
Color Notes. — General color on the lateral lobes of the prono-
tum and on the abdomen kildare green, passing into mignonette
green on the limbs and chrysolite green on the face and genae,
the apex of the abdomen passing into chamois. Dorsum of the
fastigium, occiput and dorsum of pronotum snuff brown, becom-
ing tawny-olive on the middle of the pronotal disk, a fine median
dividing line of the general color present on the head, while on
the pronotum the distinct dark bordering margins of the area
and a continuation of the dividing line of the head are seal brown,
the lateral bordering sections regularly arcuato-convex and thus
converging caudad as well as cephalad. Cerci weakly washed
distad with Indian red. Dorsal tibial spines black for the greater
portion of their length, ventral tibial spines with black less exten-
sive. Eyes vinaceous-tawny. Antennae, except the two proximal
joints, ferruginous, sparsely annulate with seal brown.
Distribution. — This species is only known from the type locality
in western Mexico-Guadalajara, state of Jalisco.
Remarks. — This species is quite close to 0. miispina and addi-
tional material may show them to be inseparable specifically, but
at the present writing we have found no indications elsewhere in
the genus, of variation sufficiently decided to cover the differences
in the character of the humeral sinus and of the cerci seen in
these two forms. There is no alternative to our present course
but to arbitrarily consider them to be the same form, which would
not be warranted by our knowledge of the general fixity within
REHN AND HEBARD 81
the genus, of the features here given as diagnostic of this form.
The species is, however, from a locality at which unispina also
occurs.
Specimens Examined: 1 d'.
Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, (D. L. Cra^v'ford), 1 cf , type, [A. X. S. P.].
Orchelimum unispina (Saussure and Pictet) (Figs. 17, 34, 67 and 68.)
1898. Xiphidium unispina Saussure and Pictet, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., i,
p. 398. [Jalisco and Orizaba, Mexico.]
This species was originally described as a species of Xiphidium
( = Conocephalus as at present restricted), but it is clearly a mem-
ber of the genus Orchelimum, although belonging to a subgenus
which approaches Conocephalus. Saussure and Pictet described
only the male sex, but by a lapsus calami they give the sex of the
measured material as female.
It is evident that this species shows considerable variability
in tegminal and wing length, the original material having had
the tegmina surpassing the caudal femora and the wings surpass-
ing the tegmina, while the only adult seen by us has the tegmina
decidedly failing to reach the tips of the caudal femora and the
wings subequal to the tegmina distad.
Measurements {in millimeters)
d"
Jalisco or Orizaba, Mexico.
Length of
body
Length of
pronotum
Length of
tegmen
Length of
caudal femur
(Ex Saussure and Pictet)
Types
Guadalajara, Mexico
17
18.2
4
4.5
20
14
15
13.7
We have before us a male in the second instar preceding ma-
turity, and this shows that the cerci do not develop their character-
istic structure until the last or next to the last ecdysis.
This species is known only from central and south central
Mexico, the records being from Orizaba, state of Vera Cruz, and
the state of JaUsco, and specifically Guadalajara and Ocotlan in
the latter state.
Specimens Examined: 2; 1 o^, 1 juv. cf.
Guadalajara, Jal'sco, Mexico, (D. L. Crawiord), 1 d^, [A. N. S. P.].
Ocotlan, Jalisco, Mexico, 5000 feet elevation, VIII, 29 to IX, 1, 1906, (P. P.
Calvert), 1 juv. d, [A. N. S. P.].
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
82 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (ORTHOPTERA)
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
Plate I
Fig. 1. — Orchelimum calcaratum. Lateral outline of type. San Antonio.
Texas. ( X 2)
Fig. 2. — Orchelimum huUatum. Lateral outline of type. Galveston, Texas.
(X2)
Fig. 3. — Orchelimum minor. Lateral outline of male. Stafford's Forge, New
Jersey. (X 2)
Fig. 4. — Orchelimum bradleyi. Lateral outline of type. Chase Prairie.,
Georgia. (X 2)
Fig. 5. — Orchelmmm superbum. Lateral outline of tyj)e. Winslow Junction,
New Jersey. ( X 2)
Outlines of lateral lobe of pronotum of male. ( X 3)
Fig. 6. — Orchelimum agile. Tinicum, Pennsylvania.
Fig. 7. — Orchelimum gldberrimum. Florence, South CaroUna.
Fig. 8. — Orchelimum vulgare. Marion, Massachusetts.
Fig. 9. — Orchelimum gladiator. West Point, Nebraska. ^
Fig. 10. — Orchelimum laticauda. Washington, D. C.
Fig. IL — Orchelimum nigripes. Victoria, Texas.
Fig. 12. — Orchelimum concinnum. Rye Beach, New Hampshire.
Plate II
Outlines of lateral lobe of pronotum of male. (X 3)
Fig. 13. — Orchelimum fidicinium. Type. Cedar Keys, Florida.
Fig. 14. — Orchelimum militare. Type. Gainesville, Florida.
Fig. 15. — Orchelimum volantum. Cedar Bluffs, Nebraska.
Fig. 16. — Orchelimum fraternum. Type. Guadalajara, Mexico.
Fig. Vl .—Orchelimum unispina. Lateral outline of male. Guadalajara, Mex-
ico. (X2)
Outlines of stridulating field of male. ( X 3)
Fig. 18. — Orchelimum agile. Tinicum, Pennsylvania.
Fig. \% .—Orchelimuvi glaberrimum. Florence, South Carolina.
Fig. 20. — Orchelimum vulgare. Marion, Massachusetts.
Fig. 21. — Orchelimum gladiator. West Point, Nebraska.
Fig. 22. — Orchelimum calcaratum. Type. San Antonio, Texas.
Fig. 23. — Orchelimum bullatum. Type. Galveston, Texas.
Fig. 24. — Orchelimum laticauda. Washington, D. C.
Fig. 25. — Orchelim,um nigripes. Victoria, Texas.
Fig. 26. — Orchelimum minor. Stafford's Forge, New Jersey.
Fig. 27. — Orchelimum concinnum. Rye Beach, New Hampshire.
Fig. 28. — Orchelimum fidicinium. Type. Cedar Keys, Florida.
Fig. 29. — Orchelimum militare. Type. Gainesville, Florida.
Fig. 30. — Orchelimum volantum. Cedar Bluffs, Nebraska.
Fig. 31. — Orchelimum bradleyi. Type. Chase Prairie, Georgia.
Fig. 32. — Orchelimum superbum. Type. Winslow Junction, New Jersey.
Fig. 33. — Orchelimum fraternum. Type. Guadalajara, Mexico.
Fig. 34. — Orchelimum unispina. Guadalajara, Mexico.
REHN AND HEBARD 83
Plate III
Dorsal (first) and lateral (second) outlines of left cercus of male. ( X 10)
Figs. 35 and 36. — Orchelimum agile. Tinicum, Pennsylvania.
Figs. 37 and 38. — Orchelimum glaberrimum. Florence, South Carolina.
Figs. 39 and 40. — Orchelimum vulgare. Marion, Massachusetts.
Figs. 41 and 42. — Orchelimum gladiator. West Point, Nebraska.
Figs. 43 and 44. — Orchelimum calcaralum. Type. San Antonio, Texas.
Figs. 45 and 46. — Orchelimum bullatum. Type. Galveston, Texas.
Figs. 47 and 48. — Orchelimum laticauda. Washington, D. C.
Figs. 49 and 50. — Orchelimum nigripes. Victoria, Texas.
Figs. 51 and 52. — Orchelimum minor. Stafford's Forge, New Jersey.
Figs. 53 and 54. — Orchelimum concinnum. Rye Beach, New Hampshire.
Figs. 55 and 56. — Orchelimum fidicinium. Type. Cedar Keys, Florida.
Figs. 57 and 58. Orchelimum militare. Type. Gainesville, Florida.
Plate IV
Dorsal (first) and lateral (second) outlines of left cercus of male. ( X 10)
Figs. 59 and 60. — Orchelimum volantum. Cedar Bluffs, Nebraska.
Figs. 61 and 62. — Orchelimum bradleyi. Type. Chase Prairie, Georgia.
Figs. 63 and 64. — ■Orchelimum superbum. Type. Winslow Junction, New
Jersey.
Figs. 65 and 66. — OrcJiclimum Jraternum. Type. Guadalajara, Mexico.
Figs. 67 and 68. — Orchelimum unispina. Guadalajara, Mexico.
Outlines of ovipositor of female. ( X 2)
Fig. 69. — Orchelimum agile. Tinicum, Pennsylvania.
Fig. 70. — Orchelimum glaberrimum. Florence, South Carolina.
Fig. 71. — Orchelimum vulgare. Marion, Massachusetts.
Fig. 72. — Orchelimum gladiator. Type. West Point, Nebraska.
Fig. 73. — Orchelimum calcaralum. Allotype. San Antonio, Texas.
Fig. 74. — Orchelimum bullatum. Allotype. Rosenberg, Texas.
Pig. 75. — Orchelimum laticauda. Tinicum, Pennsylvania.
Fig. 76. — Orchelimum nigripes. Lincoln, Nebraska.
Fig. 77. — Orchelimum minor. Type. District of Columbia.
Fig. 78. — Orchelimum concinnum. Rye Beach, New Hampshire.
Fig. 79. — Orchelimum concinnum. Lincoln, Nebraska.
Fig. 80. — Orchelimum fidicijiium. Allotype. Cedar Keys, Florida.
Fig. 81. — Orchelimum militare. Allotype. Gainesville, Florida.
Fig. 82. — Orchelimum volantum. Vigo County, Indiana.
Fig. 83. — Orchelimum bradleyi. Allotype. Chase Prairie, Georgia.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XLI.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLI.
PI. i.
REHN AND HEBARD-AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLI.
PI. II.
22
/„ /
23
25
26
'27
28
29
30
33 34
31 32
REHN AND HEBARD-AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLI.
PI. III.
REHN AND HEBARD—AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE
Trans. Am. Eiit. Soc, Vol. XLI.
PI. IV
66
v:.
74
v:^-
80 82 8 3
REHN AND HEBARD AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE
CONTENTS
New Species of Heterocera from Tropical America. By
W. Schaus . . .1
(Issued February 20, 1915)
Studies in American Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera). IV. A
Synopsis of the Species of the Genus Orchelimum. By
James A. G. Rehn and Morgan Hebard . . . .11
(Issued April 12, 1915)
.VOLUME XLI
NUMBER 2
JUNE 1915
TRANSACTION?
OF THE
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
./
PUnUSIIED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY \T THE
ACADEMY' OF NATURAL SCIENCES
PHILADELPHIA
SUBSCRIPTION PRICE FOUR DOLLARS PER VOLUME
H. F. WILSON 85
MISCELLANEOUS APHID NOTES, CHIEFLY FROM
OREGON
BY H. F. WILSON
Unless otherwise stated, the types of the new species described
in these Notes are in the private collection of the author.
I. LIFE HISTORY NOTES ON PROCIPHILUS FRAXINI-
DIPETALAE Essig^
That the Pemphiginids in the genus Prociphilus and feeding
on ash have the conifers for their alternate food plants, was
demonstrated in Europe a number of years ago. In the fall of
1909, the writer, in an attempt to trace a winged aphid which
was flying through the air in great numbers at Washington, D. C,
located them on the roots of the white pine, Pinus strobus, and
as this species was later found to develop on Fraxinus sp.,^ the
writer was able to work out the relationship of the present species
on Fraxinus oregona Nuttall and Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Poir)
Brit., in Oregon.
Each spring there appears on the leaves of the ash a purphsh
globose aphid which causes the leaves to curl and assume a gall-like
formation. Inside the curled leaves these early spring forms, the
stem mothers, produce alive a number of young greenish aphids
which become mature pupae about the last of May, and attain-
ing wings, usually disappear about the first week in June. These
winged forms supposedly^ go to the roots of Douglas fir and
1 In Europe there are two similar Pemphiginids on ash; owing to a lack of
sufficient material, the author is unable at this time to compare the American
species with European forms; but as there seems to be practically no distin-
guishing characters between them, the American species may prove to be the
same as those in Europe.
2 This species was later described as P. venafuscus by Dr. Edith M. Patch,
Entomologist of the Maine Experiment Station.
3 The writer has tried for three years to colonize the alate form from the ash
on Douglas fir for seedlings, but without success. The migi-atory forms from
this latter plant have been transferred to ash seedlings with the successful
production of eggs and the stem mothers the following sjjring.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XH. ^y^^m'': ' 1*
yZ^
86 APHID NOTES
produce alive a number of pale whitish young, which develop
into apterous viviparous females and are the first of a series of
summer generations.
In the fall, part of the aphids then present on the roots migrate
to the ash and produce alive the sexual forms. Those remaining
do not acquire wings but continue feeding, and one can find these
apterous viviparous forms present on the roots in all stages
throughout the year. The sexual forms are minute, brownish,
and have no mouth parts. After copulation, each female pro-
duces a single elongate egg. In this stage the insect is carried
over the winter on the ash.
A second species which has been imported into this state (Oregon)
on red and white ash, the writer is calling Prociphilus humeliae
Schrank. This species seems to be entirely distinct from the
first species, in that it feeds on the tips of the shoots and does not
ordinarily get on to the leaves. The stem mothers of the two
are quite similar, but the migratory forms show a decided differ-
ence in several ways. A description of the various stages of
Prociphilus fraxini-dipetaliae Essig follows :
Stem mother: Globose, body nearly as wide as long. General color choco-
late brown and mottled with green above. Sutures between body segments
dark green. Head and legs black, antennae black at the base, light brown
toward the tip. Each eye is composed of three smaller eyes. The wax plates
on the head are very variable in that the two larger ones at the base of each
section of the occiput oftentimes merge into one long plate, the smaller ones
varying in number from five to six, and apparently without regular size or
position. Those on the body are in series of six to each segment and are more
or less regular in position.
Measurements: Length of body, 4 mm.; width, 2.75 mm. Length of anten-
nal segments, I, 0.09 mm.; II, 0.11 mm.; Ill, 0.176 mm.; IV, 0.11 mm.; V,
0.09 mm.; VI, 0.135 mm.; spur, 0.05 mm.; total length, 0.75 mm.
Pupa: General color lemon yellow, except the v/ing pads which are dusky.
The entire body above is covered with long waxy white threads which have a
blue tinge. When they are about ready to change to alate forms, they become
a Httler darker in color with occasional pinkish and bluish variations. Each
abdominal segment with a row of six oblong wax plates. Cauda, short and
broad, rounded at the tip. Color black to dusky. Length of body, 3 to 4
mm.; width, 2 mm.
Spring migrant (Plate V, fig. l): General color blui.sh green with the entire
body pulverulent. The legs, antennae and thorax are bluish l)lack ; the abdomen
is dark greenish blue. On account of the fact that the waxy threads on the
body of the insect are easily rubbed off, it is hard to tell just how nmch of this
H. F. WILSON 87
material should be present, but in all specimens examined, only long threads
were found along the sides and at the tip of the abdomen. The wax plates
are apparently limited to two on the head at the base of the occiput, four on
the prothorax, two at the top and center and one on each side, and two large
plates on the mesathorax, one on each side of the median line, and at the
base of the segment. The wings are hyaline with the stigma dusky at the
thinner portion to black at the thicker
Measurements: Length of body, 3.8 mm.; width, 1.8 mm. Length of anten-
nal segments: I, 0.0G6 mm.; II, 0.09 mm.; Ill, 0.49 mm.; IV, 0.242 mm.; V,
0.3 mm.; VI, 0.3 mm.; spur, 0.066 mm.; wing expanse, 11 mm.
Apterous viviparous female: On roots of Douglas fir. General color white
with a dusky tinge; head, antennae and cauda dusky to nearly black. Where-
ever they have been feeding, the bark and earth have a bluish tinge. Head
with four pairs of wax plates, sometimes the center plate is absent and the two
basal plates are merged into one long plate. Antennae and legs set with
numerous short hairs. Fifth segment with one small sensoria at the distal
end.
Measurements: Length of body, 2 mm. ; width, 1.5 mm. Length of antennae
by segments: I, 0.066 mm.; II, 0.11 mm.; Ill, 0.12 mm.; IV, 0.135 mm.; V,
0.2 mm.; VI and spur, 0.176 mm.
Fall migrant (Plate V, fig. 2): General appearance, wings smoky; head and
thorax l^luish black; abdomen bluish green, covered with a heavy coating
of white waxy threads. Antennae and legs dusky. Antennae with six
segments, the spur being but a thumb-like projection. The third segment
with 21 to 24 transverse sensoria; foui-th with 8 to 12; fifth with 6 to 11; sixth
with 3 to 6. Abdomen spindle shaped and with a row of 7 or 8 nipple-like
protuberances along each side. Cauda short and bluntly angled at the tip.
Anal plate broad and slightly rounded.
Measurements: Length of body, 2.25 mm.; width, 0.9 mm.; wing expanse,
8.5 mm. Length of antennae by segments: I, 0.066 mm.; II, 0.09 mm.; Ill,
0.38 mm.; IV, 0.22 mm.; V, 0.242 mim.; VI, 0.176 mm.; spur, 0.045 mm.; total
length, 1.219 mm.
Sexual forms: The sexual forms are minute, light brown and the only devel-
opment which takes place after birth may be a single molt, as reported from
other related species. Both sexes are without mouth parts and each female
develops but a single egg. Copulation apparently takes place shortly after
birth and both males and females live but a short time. The males are broader
and shorter than the females and the body segments are more distinct. The
antennae have fine hairs in both cases.
Measurements: Males— Length of body, 0.56 mm.; width, 0.31 mm.;
antennae, 0.22 mm. Females— Length of body, 0.71 mm.; width, 0.242 mm.;
antennae, 0.242 mm.
The eggs are light brown when first deposited and later turn brownish black.
TRANS. .\M. ENT. SOC, XLI.
88 APHID NOTES
II. THE APHIDIDAE INFESTING SAGE BRUSH
(ARTEMESIA SPP.) IN OREGON
Nine species of aphids have heretofore been described as new
from the various species of Artemesia in America. Of these at
least seven are found in Oregon. Six additional species are here
recorded and it is possible that two of these, Microsiphum ore-
gonensis and Aphis hermistonii, may prove to be Western forms
of M. canadensis Williams and Aphis canae Williams. A key
to the Oregon species is included below:
I. Nectaries less than four times as long as wide. II.
Nectaries more than four times as long as wide. V.
II. Body with speciaHzed setae. III.
Body without specialized setae. IV.
III. SpeciaHzed setae broadly fan-like at tip. Nectaries shorter than
width.
Chaitophorus tridentatae new species
Specialized setae narrowly fan-hke at tip. Nectaries twice as long
as broad.
Microsiphum oregonensis new species
IV. Setae pointed at tip. Nectaries as broad as long.
Color green. Microsiphum canadensis (Williams)
Color red or brown. Microsiphum artemesiae (Gillette)
V. Antennae shorter than the body. VI.
Antennae longer than the body. IX.
VI. Body with specialized setae (fan-hke at tip). VII.
Body without speciahzed setae (pointed at the tip) . VIII .
VII. Nectaries cylindrical and straight, mouth enlarged.
Aphis frigidae Oestlund
Nectaries curved and slightly clavate, held close to the body.
Aphis tridentatae new species
VIII. Color of body dark green.
Aphis hermistonii new species
Color of body shining wine red.
Aphis artemesicola Wilhams
Color of body brown.
Third antennal segment with numerous small sensoria.
Aphis reticulata new species
Third antennal segment with less than ten large sensoria.
Aphis oregonensis new species
H. F. WILSON 89
IX. Body covered with specialized setae. (Fan-like at tip.)
Macrosiphum artemesicola Williams
Body covered with capitate setae.
Macrosiphum frigidae Oestlund
Body covered with pointed setae.
Macrosiphum ludovicianae Oestlund
Chaitophorus tridentatae new species (Plate VI, figs. 22 to 25.)
Found throughout eastern Oregon on Artemesia tridentata.
This species is not always easy to locate on account of the simi-
lai'ity in color of the l)ody to that of the plant. The entire body
is covered with specialized setae which are fan shaped at the tip.
These give the appearance of fine white hairs or powder. Most
of the individuals are found in rows, one behind the other on the
leaves. A good many are found in around the base of the leaf
and flower stems.
Apterozis viviparous female: General color, light green with more or less of
a powdery appearance. Abdomen with a darker green line along the center.
Antennae dusky at the tip and shading to light green at the base. Legs with
tarsi black; remaining parts and the cauda dusky. Body covered with spe-
cialized setae which are broadly fan shaped at the apex. Nectaries not much
more than pores and hardly distinguishable among the speciaUzed setae.
Antennae shorter than the body and without distinct tubercles. First anten-
nal segment strongly gibbous and with two or three specialized setae, one of
which is found at the apex of the segment. Second segment with one, third
with four, fourth with two and fifth and sixth without setae. Legs have no
specialized setae. Cauda slightly ensrform and not visible from above.
Nectaries so short that shape and size cannot be definitely settled with material
at hand.
Measurements: Length of body L38 mm.; width 0.67 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.154 mm.; IV, 0.11 mm.; V. 0.135 mm.; VI, 0.11 mm.;
spur, 0.154 mm.; length of cauda, 0.11 mm.
Alate viviparous female: Light green in color as in apterous form. Head and
thorax light brown. Antennae Ijlack at the tip and shading to light green at
the ba.se. Legs light green with tips of the tibiae and the tarsi black. Cauda
light green, nectaries invisible. Entire body covered with specialized setae
as in the apterous form. Third antennal segment with 4 or 5 large sensoria,
wings long and slender, venation normal. Cauda rounded and tapering at
the tip.
Measurements: Length of body, 0.88 mm.; width, 0.30 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.22 mm.; IV, 0.135 mm.; V, 0.176 mm.; VI, 0.135
mm.; spur, 22 mm. Length of cauda, 0.09 mm.; length of wing, 1.84 mm.;
width, 0.71 mm.
TIi.\NS. AM. ENT. .SOC, XLI.
90 APHID NOTES
Microsiphum canadensis (Williams) (Plate "\'I, figs. 1 to 7.)
Cryptosiphum canadensis ( Williams). ■*
Except for a difference in color there is practically no difference
between this species and M. (Chaitophorus) arteinesiae Gillette.
M. oregonensis differs from the latter in the specialized setae, so
that there is a possibility that these species may be only different
forms of the same species.
Apterous viviparous female: General color pale green. Antennae deep
black at the tip and through segments 4 to 6; third segment dusky at the
distal end and shading to light gi-een at the base. Legs with the tarsi and
tips of the tibiae and femora black, the other parts dusky. Body globular
and broadly ovate from above; sparsely set with heavy blunt setae. Antennae
as long as the body and on semi-distinct tubercles. Third segment with one
large sensoria near the base (notes from type slide in U. S. Nat. Museum).
Davis ^ has figured this segment with 5 small sensoria; nectaries about as broad
as long and tapering. Cauda very short and broad.
Measurements: Length of body, 1.9 mm.; width, 1.22 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.4 mm.; IV, 0.4 mm.; V, 0.2 mm.; VI, 0.11 mm.;
spur, 0.55 mm. Length of nectaries, 0.45 mm.; length of cauda, 0.45 mm.
Alate viviparous female: General color, head and thorax dusky or black,
abdomen dark green ?, nectaries and cauda dusky to black. Abdomen wide
and rounded; tip widely rounded, and not pointed as in other species. Anten-
nae as long as the body, black at the tips and lighter at the base. Antennal
tubercles distinct but not extensive. Third antennal segment with from 2 to
4 large sensoria. Wings with normal venation but with veins slightly dusky.
Nectaries short, slightly tapering and about as broad as long. Cauda trian-
gular and acute at the tip.
Measurements: Length of body, 1.45 mm.; width, 0.9 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.33 mm.; IV, 0.27 mm.; V, 0.27 mm.; VI, 0.135 mm.;
spur, 0.622 mm. Length of nectaries; length of cauda 0.066 mm.; length of
wing, 2.1 mm.; width, 0.84 mm.
Microsiphum artemesiae (Gillette) (Plate VI, figs. 8 to 16.)
Chaitophorus artemesiae Gillette. ^
Collected on Artemesia tridentata at Salisbury, Oregon, July
26, 1914.
Apterous viviparous female: General color wine red and shining. In this
case not brownish lilack as in the original description. Antennae black at the
^ "The Aphididae of Nebraska," University of Nebraska Studies, X, no. 2,
p. 89.
^ WiUiams, "The Aphididae of Nebraska," a critical review, ibid, XI,
no. 3, July 1911, plate I.
BEnt. News, XXII, p. 443, 1911.
H. F. WILSON 91
tips, shading to opaque yellow at the base. Legs black except the basal por-
tions of the tibiae and tarsi which are yellow. Nectaries and Cauda concolorous
with the body. Antennae as long or slightly longer than the body. Antenna!
tubercles semi-distinct. Third antennal segment with 1 or 2 large sensoria.
Abdomen globose; nectaries as broad as wide and slightly tapering. Cauda
short and triangular. Body covered with thick, pointed setae.
Measurements: Length of body, 1.75 mm.; width, 1 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.51 mm.; IV, 0.38 mm.; V, 0.34 mm.; VI, 0.066 mm.;
spur, 0.69 mm. Length of cauda and nectaries cannot be determined in speci-
mens at hand.
Alate viid parous female: General color, head and thorax black with a reddish
tinge. Abdomen shining browiiish red. Antennae black at the tip, yellowish
at the base. Legs, except base of tibiae and femora, black. Nectaries and
Cauda concolorous with the body. Wings with stigma and veins dusky;
antennae reaching to the tip of the abdomen and the third segment with as
many as 10 large sensoria, although Gillette only gives 4. The number appar-
ently varies considerably, since I have found some specimens sent me by Mr.
L. C. Bragg with six sensoria.
Measurements: Length of body, 1.44 mm.; width, 0.84 mm. Length of
antennal segments; III, 0.51 mm.; IV, 0.38 mm.; V, 0.35 mm.; VI, 0.135 mm.;
spur, 0.67 mm. Length of nectaries ?; length of cauda 0.066 mm.; length of
wings, 2.58 mm.; width, 1 mm.
Microsiphum oregonensis new species? (Plate VI, figs. 17 to 21.)
Found on Artemesia tridentata at Salisbury, Oregon, July 26,
1914. That two species of such similar and unusual characters
should exist on the same host in the same locality is more or less
open to question, but the present species is questionably described
as new on the fact that the setae of the individuals here included
are entirely different from those of the preceding species, and
while the nectaries are more or less similar there is still a distinct
difference. The alate form has not been taken.
Apterous viviparous female: General color light wine red, with a more
or less shining or metalhc appearance. Antennae and legs dusky red except
the basal half of the former and the tibiae of the latter. Body globose,
oval from above, and sparsely set with long curved specialized setae each of
which bears a fiat fan-shaped tip. Antennae as long as the body. Antennal
tubercles semi-distinct. Thu-d segment with a single large sensoria near the
base. First, second and thu-d segments with spines similar to those on the
body. On the third segment these are all on one side. Nectaries twice as
long as broad and slightly tapering. Cauda short, broad and blunt.
Measurements: Length of body, 1.66 mm.; width, 0.88 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.31 mm.; IV, 0.3 mm.; V, 0.27 mm.; VI, 0.11 mm.;
spur, 0.49 nun. Length of nectaries, 0.066 mm. ; length of cauda, 0.066 mm.
TR.VNS. AM. F:NT. SOC. XLI.
92 APHID NOTES
Aphis reticulata new species (Plate VII, figs. 1 to 7.)
On Arte7nesia tridenfata, Klamath Falls, Oregon, July 9, 1914,
and in company with M. frigidae Oestlund.
Apterous viviparous female: General color brown. Antennae black at the
tip and shading to dusky at the base of the third segment. Segments one and
two brownish opaque. Legs dark brown except at the base of the femora;
nectaries and Cauda dark bro\«i to black. The important character of this
species is the reticulation found over the entire body. The structure of the
outer sheath of the antennae is unusually different in that it seems to be made
up of numerous small ridges which gives an additional opaqueness and after
clearing they can hardly be seen through. Antennae not quite as long as the
body and on slight tubercles. The nectaries slightly tapering and slightly
curved inward, no reticulations are found at the tip. Thorax bears a single
finger-hke tubercle on each side and the abdomen with others, a large pair
just back of the thorax. Cauda shghtly more than half as long as the nectaries
and tapering to a blunt rounded point.
Measurements: Length of body, 1.72 mm.; width, 0.88 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.49 mm.; IV, 0.24 mm.; V, 0.2 mm.; VI, 0.11 mm.;
spur, 0.33 mm. Length of nectaries, 0.49 mm.; length of cauda, 0.18 mm.
Alate viviparous female: General color of head, thorax, antennae and legs,
black. Abdomen dark brown. Antennae reaching to the base of the nec-
taries, third segment with about 40 irregular, raised sensoria. Ocular tubercles
unusually prominent. Prothorax with a single finger-hke tubercle on each
side. Abdomen with tubercle above base of hind pair of legs. Nectaries
reaching beyond the tip of the cauda, cyhndi'ical and tips slightly bent out-
ward and downward. Cauda tapering, curved upward and blunt at the tip.
Measurements: Length of body, 1.5 mm.; width, 0.58 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.4 mm.; IV, 0.2 mm.; V, 0.22 mm.; VI, 0.11 mm;
spur, 0.35 mm. Length of nectaries, 0.31 mm.; length of cauda, 0.154 mm.;
length of wings, 3.1 mm.; width, 1.04 mm.
Aphis oregonensis new species (Plate VII, figs. 8 to 17.)
Collected at Klamath Falls, Oregon, July 8, 1913, on Artemesia
tridentata.
A peculiar condition of the plant Avas found in connection with
each colony of this species. In every instance the stem of the
plant had been broken and bent over. There were indications
present that some insect had almost eaten away the stem at
that point.
Apterous viviparous female: General color, greyish brown tinged with wine
red. Nectaries with the first four and the basal half of the fifth segments
yellow, remaining parts black. Legs, except the tip of the til)iae and the tarsi,
yellowish; rest black. Nectaries and cauda black. Antennae about one-half
the length of the body. Prothorax with a single blunt tubercle. Abdomen
H. F. WILSON 93
broadly oval, pointed at the tip and with a row of 4 or more blunt tubercles
along the side of the abdomen. Nectaries slightly tapering and curved; cauda
short, broad at the base and tapering to a rounded tip.
Measurements : Length of body, 1.71 mm. ; width of body, 1.11 mm. Length
of antennal segments; III, 0.242 m.m.; IV, 0.22 mm.; V, 0.176 mm.; VI, 0.135
mm. ; spur, 0.242 mm. Length of nectaries, 0.42 mm. ; length of cauda, 0.09 mm.
Alate viviparous female: General color of head and thorax black; abdomen
greyish brown tinged with wine red. Antennae dusky yellow at base, black
at the tip. Legs with middle of tibiae and femora dusky yellow; remaining
parts black. Nectaries dusky red; cauda yellowish at the base, black at the
tip. Antennae reaching to the base of the nectaries, third segment with 4 or
5 large sensoria. Prothorax with a single finger-like tubercle at the base of
each side. Just back of that and apparently between the prothorax and the
mesathorax on each side is a larger and broader tubercle or hump. Abdomen
with a number of large tubercles along the side, two of which are finger-hke
projections one on each side midway between the nectaries and the cauda.
Wing venation normal, nectaries tapering, smaller at the base than at the
tip and reaching to the base of the Cauda. Cauda short and tapering, tip
bluntly rounded. Caudal plate broad and shghtly rounded.
Measurements: Length of body, 1.34 mm.; width, 0.67 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.242 mm.; IV, 0.154 mm.; V, 0.154 mm.; VI,
0.11 mm.; spur, 0.176 mm. Length of nectaries, 0.198 mm.; length of cauda,
0.11 mm. Length of wing, 2.22 mm.; width, 0.33 mm.
Aphis hermistonii new species (Plate VII, figs. 18 to 25.)
First taken at Hermiston, Oregon, 1912; later taken at Klamath
Falls and other points in eastern Oregon. Found on Artemesia
tridentata.
Apterous viviparous female: General color dark green, body flecked with
patches of whitish powder. Antennae dusky yellow at the base, black toward
the tip. Legs, nectaries and cauda dusky to black. Antennae not quite
reaching to the base of the nectaries. Third segment with one sensorium
and this is lacking in a great many individuals. Prothorax with a single well
developed finger-like tubercle on each side. Abdomen with four large tuber-
cles, two on each side. The first two are found one on each side of the abdomen
near the thorax. The other two are found half way between the nectaries
and the base of the cauda. Nectaries cyHndrical with the tip much broader
than the nectary proper. Cauda short and tapering.
Measurements: Length of body, 1.35 mm.; width, 0.777 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.176mm.; IV, 0.154 mm.; V, 0.156mm.; VI, 0.11 mm.;
spur, 0.18 mm.; length of nectaries, 0.35 mm.; length of cauda, 0.66 mm.
Alale viviparous female: General color head and thorax black; abdomen
dark green with scattered spots of white powder; antennae, legs, nectaries
and cauda dusky or black with a greenish tinge. Antennae not quite reaching
to the base of nectaries. Third segment with 4 or 5 large sensoria. Pro-
thorax with tubercles as in the apterous form and aljdomen with a single large
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
94 APHID NOTES
tubercle on each side just behind the metathorax. Nectaries thicker at the
base and at the tip than in the middle. Flange at the tip broadest part of
nectaries. Cauda short, tapering and turned upward.
Measurements: Length of body, 1.2 mm.; width, 0.5 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.198 mm.; IV, 0.11 mm.; V, 0.135 mm.; VI, 0.01 mm.;
spur, 0.176 mm. Length of nectaries, 1.54 mm.; length of cauda, 0.05 mm.;
length of wing, 1.62 mm.; width, 0.67 mm.
Aphis tridentatae new species (Plate VII, figs. 26 to 30.)
Found in company with M. artemesiae Boyer and Ch. triden-
tatae during May and June.
This species resembles Ch. tridentatae on the plants and the
only distinction is the wider body and pinkish color of some
individuals. iTnder the microscope the spines are found to be
different and the presence of well developed nectaries readily
separates this species from the other. There is no present genus
into which this species can be placed so it is deemed best to desig-
nate it as an Aphis for the time being.
Apterous viviparous female: General color light pink or white, covered with
numerous white fan-like specialized setae. Antennae black at the tip shading
to dusky at the base; legs dusky at the tip of the femora and tibiae and the
tarsi black. Head shghtly convex, abdomen obovate, caudal end broadly
rounded, cauda not apparent from above, very short and rounded. Antennae
slightly longer than one-half the body and antennal tubercles present as ridges.
Antennae without specialized setae. Legs sparsely set with setae like those
on the body but not quite so heavy. Eyes hardly tuberculate. Nectaries
curved and clavate with the tip cut obliquely. In many individuals the
nectaries cling so closely to the body that they cannot be seen.
Measin-ements: Length of body, 1.54 mm.; width, 0.8 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.14 mm.; IV, 0.135 mm.; V, 0.135 mm.; VI, 0.11 mm.;
spm", 0.22 mm. Length of nectaries, 0.22 mm.; length of cauda, 0.45 mm.;
length of speciaUzed setae, 0.045 mm.
Alate viviparous female: General color pink or light green with hght Ijrown
head and thorax. Antennae black at the tip and shading to hght or dusky
green at the base. Legs with femora light, tibiae dusky and tarsi black.
Cauda hght gi-een. The spines are not nearly as numerous as in the apterous
forms but they are sparsely found over the entire body and on the legs. Those
on the legs are much finer than those on the body. Antennae normally
nearly as long as the body and rather slender. Third segment with 4 round
sensoria placed as in drawing. Wings long and slender, venation normal.
Nectaries as in the apterous form. Cauda almost cylindrical and extending
slightly beyond the tip of the abdomen.
Measurements: Length of body, 1 mm.; width, 0.35 mm. Length of anten-
nal segments: III, 0.2 mm.; IV, 0.176 mm.; V, 0.154 nun.; VI, 0.09 mm.; spur.
H. F. WILSON 95
0.27 mm. Length of nectaries, 0.22 mm.; length of cauda, 0.066 mm.; length
of wing, 2.22 mm.; width, 0.67 mm.
Aphis frigidae Oestlund ^ (Plate VIII, figs. 20 to 24.)
Found in company with M. frigidae Oestlund on Artemesia
tridentata throughout the eastern part of Oregon.
General color dark brown with a greenish tinge which is not at first evident
on account of a general light colored appearance produced by a coating of fine
white powder. In the original description of this species Oestlund speaks of
"a rather thick pubescence of fine and short hairs" which I have been unable
to discover. The entire body is, however, covered with long curved hairs
having flared tips. Antennae black except at the base of the third and the
first and second segments. Legs, nectaries and cauda dusky to black. The
antennae are as long as the body and are not mounted on antennal tubercles.
Head nearly straight in front, eyes black and with ocellus weak or entirely
wanting. Abdomen oval and round and curved with numerous light spots
which are the tubercles from which the hairs originate. The nectaries form
one of the most important specific characters of this species. They are cylin-
drical throughout and the tip is widened out to twice the width of the main
part. Cauda short and rounded at the tip.
Measurements: Length of body, 1.6 mm.; width, 0.78 mm.; length of anten-
nal segments: III, 0.25 mm.; IV, 0.23 mm.; V, 0.22 mm.; VI, 0.11 mm.; spur,
0.42 mm. Length of nectaries, 0.42 mm.; length of cauda, 0.12 mm.
Aphis artemesicola Williams* (Plate VIII, figs. 16 to 19.)
What is beheved to be this species was taken on Artemesia
tridentata in company with M. canadensis Williams at Salisbury,
Oregon, July 26, 1914, Only the apterous forms were taken
but the specimens agree fairly well with Williams' description.
The number of sensoria on the third antennal segment do not,
however, correspond with those shown by Davis in his critical
review of Williams' species.^
General color shining wine red; antennae about two-thu'ds the length of the
body. Antennal segments one, two and the greater part of three dusky yeUow;
remaining parts deep black. Legs black except at base of femora and the basal
half of the tibiae. Nectaries black; cauda black at tip, dusky red toward base.
Antennae with from 2 to 8 sensoria on the third segments, mostly 2 to 4. Nec-
taries slightly tapering and each one with about four haii's; tip flanged. Cauda
short and broad at the base, and pointed at the end. Body with pointed
hairs.
^ Fourteenth Annual Kept. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Minn., 1886, p. 46.
^ "The Aphididae of Nebraska," University of Nebraska Studies, X, no. 2,
p. 37.
' Loc. cit.
TR.\NS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
96 APHID NOTES
Measurements: Length of body, 1.21 mm.; width, 1.154 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.44 mm.; IV, 0.33 mm.; V, 0.27 mm.; VI, 0.135 mm.;
spur, 0.49 mm. Length of nectaries, 0.15 mm.; length of cauda, 0.11 mm.
Macrosiphum artemesicola Williams i" (Plate VIII, figs. 11 to 15.)
On Artemesia vulgaris at Corvallis, Oregon, July 2, 1911.
General color pale green and appearing as if covered with minute particles
of fine white powder. This appearance is in reality due to numerous capitate
hairs which cover the entire body but are not found on the appendages. This
species is a very active one and may be found in company with M. ludovi-
cianae on the above host on the stems and leaves, mostly on the former.
Apterous viviparous female: General color light gi-een and almost identical
with that of the food plant. Antennae black except the first and second and
basal parts of the thu-d segments. Legs dusky to black except the basal part
of the tibiae and femora. Nectaries black. Cauda dusky. Antennae long
and slender and reaching beyond the nectaries and cauda. Each antennal
tubercle with a single capitate hair at its apex. First antennal segment
strongly gibbous on the inner side. Thu-d segment with two visible sensoria
near the base, fifth with one near the distal end and sixth with the usual number
at the base of the spur. The entire body is thickly set with toadstool-like
setae of which there appears to be two forms. They are in reality about the
same size and shape except that those on the head and at the base of the cauda
have a longer stem than those on the rest of the body. The antennae are very
sparsely set with fine short hairs. The same is true of the femora and while
there are a greater number on the tibiae they are not as numerous as in the
previous species. The hairs on the cauda and caudal plate are rather sparse
and are longer than those on the legs and antennae. Nectaries slender and
slightly tapering. Cauda ensiform and rounded at the tip. The outer sur-
face of the latter seems to be made up of fine short pointed scales.
Measurements: Length of body, 1.73 mm.; width, 0.88 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.58 mm.; IV, 0.49 mm.; V, 0.49 mm.; VI, 0.11 mm.;
spur, 0.75 mm. Length of nectaries, 0.44 mm.; length of cauda, 0.154 mm.
Alate viviparous female: General color of head and thorax dusky brown or
black; abdomen similar in appearance to that of apterous form. Antennae
black at the tip shading to light green at the base. Legs dusky green at distal
end of tibiae and femora, lighter at base; tarsi black. Nectaries and cauda
dusky to black. Antennae longer than the body. Antennal tubercles strong
and each with three capitate hairs, center of forehead with two. Fu'st antennal
segment strongly gibbous and without hairs or bristles. Third segment with
about 14 round sensoria on the outer side of the segment, fourth apparently
with none, the fifth with one and the sixth normal. Wings hyaline but with
dark veins. Nectaries more slender than in the apterous form and thicker at
the base and tip than in the middle. Cauda tapering and with a broadly
rounded tip.
^^ "The Aphididae of Nebraska," University of Nebraska Studies, X, no. 2,
p. 73.
H. F. WILSOX 97
Measurements: Length of body, 2.11 mm.; width, 0.95 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.86 mm.; IV, 0.75 mm.; V, 0.73 mm.; VI, 0.15-i mm.;
spur, .122 mm. Length of nectaries, 0.644 mm.; length of Cauda, 0.154 mm.;
length of wing, 3.11 mm.; width, 1.11 mm.
Macrosiphum artemesiae Boyer ^^ (Plate VIII, figs. 6 to 10.)
Siphonaphora frigidae Oestlund.^''
Nectarophora artemesiae Cowen. ^^
Nectarophora coiceni Hunter. "
This species is found in all sections of Oregon where Artemesia
tridentata grows. It has been collected in a very isolated patch
of this plant on top of Grays Peak, Grant County, Oregon, eleva-
tion about 7000 feet. It apparently does not occur in the Wil-
lamette valley. Two forms of this species are generally found,
one a dark shining green and the other a light moss green. Both
forms are found together on the same plant, and in late July
colonies of the lighter form may be found separate from the
others. The following description is made from the dark form:
Apterous viviparous female: General color dark metallic green; legs and
antennal black except the basal parts of the femora, and the first, second and
a part of the third antennal segments. Eyes, nectaries and cauda black.
Antennae longer than the body, third segment with from six to nine irregular
round sensoria. Nectaries long, stout, tapering, and reaching bej^ond the tip
of the Cauda. Each nectary with about four capitate setae. Cauda long,
heavy, broadly pointed and ensiform. Nectaries reticulated for a very short
distance back of the tip. The chief character of this species is the capitate
hairs which are found sparsely over the body.
Measurements: Length of body, 2 mm.; width, at widest part of abdomen,
1.25 mm. Length of antennal segments: III, 0.74 mm.; IV, 0.6 mm.; V, 0.5
mm.; VI, 0.154 mm.; spur, 0.8 mm. Length of nectaries, 0.73 mm.; length of
Cauda, 0.30 mm.
Alate viviparous female: General color, head and thorax shining black.
Abdomen shining dark green. Antennae except base of third segment and
legs except base of femora black; eyes, nectaries and cauda also black. Anten-
nae longer than the body and on strong gibbous tubercles. Third segment
with 11 to 15 visible round irregular sized sensoria, fourth with about seven
and fifth and sixth with usual number. It is impossible to make out all of the
sensoria on the third and fourth segments without clearing. Wing venation
"Ann. Soc. Ent. France, X, p. 162, 1841.
^ Fourteenth Ann. Rcpt. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Minn., 18S6, p. 20.
" Colo. Agl. Exp. Sta. Bull. 31, Tec. Ser. 1, p. 123, 1895 (Mr. L. C. Bragg
wTites me that Cowen's species is the same as that of Oestlund.)
1^ Iowa Ex. Sta. Bull. 60, 1901, p. 114, A new name for N. artemesiae
Cowen, which is preoccupied.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
98 APHID NOTES
normal. Nectaries thick, long and almost cylindrical but with a slight taper.
They reach to about the tip of the cauda, which is similar in shape to that of
the apterous form.
Measurements: Length of body, 2 mm.; width, 0.9 mm. Length of anten-
nal segments: III, 0.75 mm.; IV, 0.51 mm.; V, 0.47 mm.; VI, 0.154 mm.; spur,
0.75 mm. Length of nectaries, 0.52 mm.; length of cauda, 0.27 mm.; length of
wing, 4 mm.; width, 1.34 mm.
Macrosiphum ludovicianiae Oestlund (Plate VIII, figs. 1 to 5.)
Collected at Corvallis, Oregon, July 2, 1911. On Artemesia
vulgaris and on the same plant at Salisbury, Oregon, July 26,
1914. A very large greyish green species feeding mostly on the
stems.
Apterous viviparous female: General color pale green, entire body covered
with a fine white powder, eyes reddish. Antennae longer than the body and
black except the first and second segments and the basal half of the third which
are dusky. Legs black except the basal part of the femora. Nectaries black
and cauda yellow. Third segment of antennae with 9 to 12 visible irregular
sensoria, which are more or less roundish in shape. Nectaries and cauda as
in the alate form.
Measurements: Length of body, 2.5 mm.; width, 1.1 mm. Length of anten-
nal segments: III, 1.11 mm.; IV, 1.07 mm.; V, 0.86 mm.; VI, 0.3 mm.; spur,
1.25 mm. Length of nectaries, 0.86 mm.; length of cauda, 0.53 mm.
Alate viviparous female: General color light green; abdomen and legs
covered with a white powder which gives them about the color of the plants
upon which they are found. Eyes red. Antennae deep black except the two
basal segments and a part of the third. Legs dusky to black except the basal
one-third of the femora which is fighter. Nectaries black, cauda yellowish
green. Antennae longer than the body and on strong tubercles. Third
segment with about 55 visible sensoria, variable in size and oval to round in
shape; the fourth segment apparently has none and the fifth bears one large
one near the distal end. Sixth with the usual sensoria at the base of the spur.
Nectaries somewhat slender and tapering; thickest at the base and flanged at
the tip ; the distal half distinctly different in appearance from the basal half
on account of the reticulated surface. Cauda nearly as long as the nectaries
and shaped like a spear head with the broadest part in the middle.
Measurements: Length of body, 3 mm.; width, 1 mm. Length of antennal
segments: III, 1.22 mm.; IV, 1.08 mm.; V, 0.9 mm.; VI, 0.3 mm.; spur, 1.24
mm. Length of wing, 4 mm.; width at widest part, 1.31 mm. Length of necta-
ries, 0.71 mm.; length of cauda, 0.51 mm.
H. F. WILSON 99
III. NEW SPECIES OF APHIDS
Amphorophora subterrans new species (Plate IX, figs. 1 to 4.)
Collected on roots of Dactylis glomerata Linn, at Corvallis,
Oregon, April 6, 1912. Very abundant 6 to 8 inches below the
surface of the ground in loose soil. Apterous, alate and pupae
forms found.
Apterous iriviparmis female: General color dark green with a bro^sTiish tinge-
Antennae black, eyes dark red. Legs j^ellow except at the tips of femora and
tibiae and tarsi, which parts are black. Nectaries and cauda black. Body
sparsely set with short haii-s. Antennae reaching beyond the tip of the cauda,
third segment with two circular sensoria near the Ijase. Nectaries reaching
to the base of the cauda and swollen in the middle. Cauda tapering and
blunt at the tip.
Measurements: Length of body, 1.95 mm.; width, 1 mm. Length of
antennal segments; III, 0.56 mm.; IV, 0.42 mm.; V, 0.3 mm.; VI, 0.135 mm.;
spur, 0.67 mm. Length of nectaries, 0.46 mm.; length of cauda, 0.154 mm.
Alate mviparous female: General color head and thorax dark green or black;
abdomen moss gi-een with a dorsal dark green spot which is slightly narrower
behind. Antennae black; legs dusky or black except femora, which have the
basal part dusky yellow. Nectaries black; cauda black at the tip. Antennae
longer than the body and on distinct antennal tubercles, third segment with
8 to 11 large circular sensoria. In some species an occasional small sensorium
may be found adjacent to one of the larger ones. Body, antennae and femora
sparsely set with short hau-s. A distinguishing characteristic of this species
is found in the ocular tubercles which themselves bear two or three smaller
tubercles. Wing venation normal. Nectaries as in the apterous forms and
semi-annulated just back of the tip which is strongly flanged. Cauda ensi-
form and tapering to a blunt tip.
Measurements: Length of body, 1.9 mm.; width, 0.9 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.53 mm.; IV, 0.42 mm.; V, 0.38 mm.; VI, 0.176 mm.;
spur, 0.73 mm. Length of nectaries, 0.4 mm.; length of cauda, 0.16 mm.;
length of wing, 3 mm.; width at widest part, 1.22 mm.
Macrosiphum mentzeliae new species (Plate IX, figs. 5 to 9.)
Collected on Mentzelia at Monclova, Mexico, Nov. 23, 1909.
This aphid was sent to me by Mr. F. C. Bishopp of the U. S.
Bureau of Entomology. The specimens obtained are in alcohol
but from the general light color they must have been of a pale
green color. The color markings are not necessary for the easy
determination of this species, however, as the entire body, legs
and antennae bear short curved, capitate hairs.
Apterous viviparous female: Antennae longer than the luxly, dark at the
tips and rather slender. Third segment with two small sensoria. Abdomen
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
100 APHID NOTES
long and slender. Nectaries reaching beyond the tip of the abdomen and
long and slender. Cauda long and unusually broad.
Measurements: Length of body, not including cauda, 1.8 mm.; width, 0.67
mm. Length of antennal segments: III, 0.5 mm.; IV, 0.48 mm.; V, 0.4 mm.;
VI, 0.135 mm.; spur, 0.75 mm. Length of nectaries, 0.55 mm.; length of
Cauda, 0.31 mm.
Alate viviparous female: Antennae reaching beyond the tips of the nec-
taries, dark at the tips and the third segment with about 10 to 12 round sen-
soria. Nectaries long and slender and reaching beyond the tip of the cauda.
Cauda as in the apterous form.
Measurements: Length of body, 2 mm.; width, 0.75 mm. Length of anten-
nal segments: III, 0.6 mm.; IV, 0.48 mm.; V, 0.4 mm.; VI, 0.135 mm.; spur,
0.8 mm. Length of nectaries, 0.6 mm.; length of cauda, 0.3 mm.; length of
wing, 3 mm.; width, 0.9 mm.
Aphis lithospermii new species (Plate IX, figs. 10 to 14.)
A very common species on Lithospermum pilosiim Nuttall in
the southeastern part of Oregon during June and July.
Apterous viviparous female: General color dark green with 4 or 5 black
transverse bars on the forepart of the abdomen and one at the base of the
nectaries; head black and thorax dusky. Antennae black except at the base,
tibia black at the ends and light in the middle. Nectaries and cauda black.
Body robust and broadly oval. Nectaries reaching to about one-third the
length of the body. Pro thorax with one large finger-like tubercle. Abdomen
with two tubercles on each side. One pair is found not quite half way from
the thorax to the nectaries and the other pair is foimd between the base of the
cauda and the nectaries. Nectaries short, about the same length as the cauda
and tapering. Cauda short and tapering to a bluntly rounded tip. Entire
body with a sparse pruinose covering.
Measurements: Length of body, 2.1 mm.; width, 1.38 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.3 mm.; IV, 0.134 mm.; V, 0.154 mm.; VI, 0.11 mm.;
spur, 0.198 mm. Length of nectaries, 0.176 mm.; length of cauda, 0.176 mm,
Alale viviparous female: General color head and thorax black; abdomen
green with three transverse black bands just in front of the base of the cauda.
Antennae black except at the base, and legs black except the middle part of
the tibiae. Body stout, antennae about half as long as the body; third seg-
ment with about 9 to 12 irregular sensoria, and the fourth with two on the
distal half of the segment. Thorax apparently without tubercles. Abdomen
with two pairs of tubercles as in the apterous form but it is necessary to have
the specimen turned slightly sidewise in order to make them out. Nectaries
short and tapering and about as long as the cauda, which is short, tapering
and with a blunt, rounded tip.
Measurements: Length of body, 1.67 mm.; width, 0.84 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.31 mm.; IV, 0.156 mm.; V, 0.135 nun.; VI, 0.135 nun.;
spur, 0.242 mm. Length of nectaries, 0.154 mm.; length of cauda, 0.15 mm.;
length of wing, 2.62 mm.; width, 0.95 mm.
H. F. WILSON 101
Aphis chrysothamni new species (Plate IX, figs. 15 to IS.)
Collected at Salisbury, Oregon, during July, 1912 and 1914,
on Chrysothamnns lanceoJatvs Gr. This aphis is very abundant
on side hills along the canyons. General color green to red.
The young lice are green and the mature forms are red.
Apterous viviparous female: General color: head dark wine red, pro-
thorax a lighter red and segment corresponding to metathorax greyish green;
abdomen light green, mottled with darker green and with a large dark green
spot in the center of the dorsum; last two segments covered with a greyish
powder. . In other stages the entire body assumes a pinkish tinge. Other
mature forms are wine red mottled with dark green. Antennae light
colored at the base, darker toward the tip; nectaries and cauda black. Body
broadly ovate. Antennae less than half as long as the body and apparently
without tubercles; thoracic segments with two pairs of lateral tubercles, the
front pair broad and rounded, the second pair more slender tind thumb-like
in shape. Abdomen with only one pair of apparent tubercles, which are
rather .short and are situated between the nectaries and the cauda. Nectaries
short and slightly tapering. In some cases they appear very slightly con-
stricted just back of the tip. Cauda very short and broadly pointed.
Measurements: Length of body, 2.35 mm.; width, 1.62 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.33 mm.; 0.242 mm.; IV, 0.198 mm.; V, 0.198 mm.;
VI, 0.11 mm.; spur, 0.154 mm. Length of nectaries, 0.242 mm.; length of
cauda, 0.1 mm.
Alate viviparous female: General color: antennae, head and thorax black;
abdomen green mottled with darker green ; legs black with tibiae dusky. Body
elongate and broad for its length. Antennae about two-thu-ds as long as the
body, the third segment with 4 to 6 large sensoria in more or less of a straight
line with each other; fourth with 4 to 7 sensoria. Wings with veins hairy and
dusky. Veins m^ and m^ form a fork rather shorter and smaller than usual.
Nectaries short and cylindrical. Cauda short, and ahnost triangular, tip
rather sharp.
Measurements: Length of body, 1.55 mm.; width, 0.8 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.33 mm.; IV, 0.242 mm.; V, 0.22 mm.; VI, 0.135 mm.;
spur 0.198 mm. Length of nectary, 0.242 mm.; length of cauda, 0.11 mm.;
length of wing, 2.22 mm.; width, 0.8 mm.
Macros! phum pteridis new species (Plate IX, figs. 19a to 19c.)
Found throughout western Oregon on the fronds of Pteris
aquilina Linn. Very common but disappears almost entirely
from open places during heat of summer. Can be found in
shaded spots along hillsides at all times.
Apterous viviparous female: General color yellowish white; legs dusky white
and antennae white except sixth segment and spur. Body long and medium
slender; antennae exceedingly long and slender; nectaries long, slender and
TR.\NS. AM. ENT. SOC. XLI.
102 APHID NOTES
tip curved outward as in Myzus. Cauda short and ensiform. Entire body
with medium length capitate hairs.
Measurements: Length of body, 2.77 mm.; width, 1.22 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 1.2 mm.; IV, 0.88 mm.; V, 0.73 mm.; VI, 0.154 mm.;
spur, 1.2 mm. Length of nectaries, 1.2 mm.; length of cauda, 0.3 mm.
Alale viviparous female: General color green with the head and thorax
orange brown. Antennae black except the first two segments, which are
dusky green or browTi. Legs with base of femora yellowish, nectaries dusky
orange at the tip, green at the base. Cauda green. Antennae long and
slender and thu-d segment with from 20 to 26 regular round sensoria in straight
ahgnment. Wing venation normal. Antennae long, slender and with the
distal half strongly curved outward. Cauda short and ensiform. Entire
body except cauda and nectaries set with short capitate hairs. Cauda and
caudal plate with pointed hairs.
Measurements: Length of body, 2.5 mm.; width, 0.9 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 1 mm.; IV, 0.84 mm.; V, 0.777 mm.; VI, 0.242 mm.;
spur, 1.33 mm. Length of nectaries, 0.67 mm.; length of cauda, 0.27 mm.;
length of wing, 4.4 mm.; width, 1.66 mm.
Lachnus laricifoliae new species (Plate X, figs. 9 to 14.)
Collected on Larix occidentalis in Baker and Grant Counties,
Oregon. The apterous forms are rather easy to find but not
exceedingly numerous, while the alate forms are scarcer and harder
to find. They are for the most part found about the base of the
needle clusters.
Apterous viviparous female: General color black with a covering of white
powder and with a hght streak down the center of the dorsum. The antennae
are dusky yellow at the base and black toward the tip. The legs are black
except the basal portions of the femora and the center of the tibiae, which are
dusky yeUow. Cauda black. Body broadly oval and elongate. Antennae
rea(!hing to the base of the middle pair of legs and beak reaching to base of
hind pair. Nectaries of medium diameter at the base and narrowly tapering
to a wide funnel-shaped mouth. Cauda short and broadly rounded at the
tip. Entire body, legs, nectaries and antennae covered with hairs.
Measurements: Length of body, 4.23 mm.; width, 2.22 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.73 mm.; IV, 0.27 mm.; V, 0.31 mm.; VI, 0.154 mm.;
length of cauda, 0.154 mm.; width at base, 0.42 mm. Length of hind tibiae,
2.22 mm.; length of hind tarsus, 0.35 mm.; length of hind metatarsus, 0.13 mm.
Alate viviparous female: General color black covered with a white powder
and with a light streak down the center of the abdomen. Antennae and legs
the same as in the apterous form. Head and thorax shining black. Nectaries
black, with a large white spot at the base of the nectaries and which does not
become conspicuous until the specimens have been put in alcohol. Cauda as
in the apterous form. Antennae reaching to the base of the wings and the
third segment with from 8 to 11 regular small sensoria; fourth segment with
H. F. WILSON 103
one or two near the distal end and fifth with two large ones near the distal
end. Spur of sixth short and ending in a thick short spine. Wings normal
and with the median vein distinct and with two branches. Abdomen with a
row of six blunt tubercles on each side. Nectaries and cauda as in the apterous
form. Entire body, antennae, legs and nectaries covered with hairs.
Measurements: Length of body, 4.78 ram.; width, 2.1 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.69 mm.; IV, 0.27 mm.; V, 0.35 mm.; VI, 0.135 mm.
Length of hind tibia, 3.22 mm.; hind tarsi, first segment, 0.135 mm.; second
segment, 0.35 mm.; length of beak, 1.9 mm.; length of wing, 5.33 mm.; width,
2.55 mm.
Lachnus oregonensis new species (Plate X, figs. 1 to 8.)
Collected on Pmus sp., Fort Klamath, Oregon, July G, 1914.
Found only on the cones. Mate and apterous forms. Possibly
this species extends its feeding to the shoots later in the season.
Apterous viviparous female: General color shining brown, with the dorsum
dusky to black. (In balsam immediately after mounting, there appears to
be a slight streak down the center of the back with a dark black band extending
from the base of the al^domen to the cauda.) Antennae yellowish at the base
and black toward the tip. Legs dusky yeUow at the base and black toward
the tips; cauda black, nectaries black. Body obovate, robust and set with
numerous fine hairs. Antennae slender and reaching to the middle of the
mesothoracic segment; fifth segment with one or two large sensoria. Legs
and antennae set with fine hairs, rather more plentiful on tibiae than on the
femora. Nectaries broad and sHghtly tapering toward the central tube which
is flanged at the tip. Cauda broadly rounded. The beak reaches beyond the
tip of the abdomen.
Measurements: Length of body, 3 mm.; width, 1.5 mm. Length of antennal
segments: III, 0.35 mm.; IV, 0.135 mm.; V, 0.135 mm.; VI, and spur, 0.135
mm. Length of hind tibia, 1.84 mm.; length of hind tarsus, 0.35 mm.; length
of hind metatarsus, 0.09 mm.
Alale viviparous female: General color dark brown to black; abdomen with
the dorsum of each segment black. Antennae light at the base, shading to
black at the tip. Legs dusky yellow at the base of the femora and tibia and
black at the tips; tarsi black. Antennae reaching to the base of the wings,
the third segment with about 3 to 6 irregular sized round sensoria of medium
size; fourth with one or two large sensoria; fifth with two and the sixth with the
usual large and small sensoria. Abdomen with a row of fine tubercles along
each side and on a line below the nectaries. Nectaries broadly cone-shaped.
The beak reaches to the tip of the abdomen or slightly beyond. \Mng vena-
tion complete. Median vein entire but appearing as an outline.
Measurements: Length of body, 2.4 mm. ; width, 1 mm. Length of antennal
segments: III, 0.38 mm.; IV, 0.154 mm.; V, 0.2 mm.; VI and spur, 0.154 mm.
Length of wing, 3.8 mm.; width, 1.22 mm.; length of hind tibia, 1.86 mm.;
length of hind tarsus, 0.4 mm.; length of hind metatarsus, 0.09 mm.; length
of beak, 2.58 mm.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
104 APHID NOTES
Lachnus rubicundus new species (Plate XI, figs. 8 to 14.)
Found on Juniperus occidentalis along the dry ridges of eastern
Oregon. Specimens not very abundant and would probably
escape being seen if it were not for the ants running about over
the infested twigs. Only two alate forms taken in a half day's
search.
Apterous viviparous female: General color, when young, light brown or pink;
later they become covered with powder except a thin streak do\ra the center
of the back. Along each side of the abdomen and dorsally placed may be
found a row of black dots, one to each segment. The first and largest are
found on the prothoracic segment, the others growing smaller toward the end
of the body. Below these and on the side may be found still another row of
dots. As the aphids grow larger the spots become hidden under a fine white
or pinkish pruinose covering. This powder with the browai body of the insect
gives a decided pinkish appearance. Other stages or forms are dark brown
mottled with black.
The body is exceedingly robust and globose. The antennae reach to about
the second pair of legs and both legs and antennae are set with fine short
hairs. The third and foiu-th antennal segments appear to be without sensoria;
the fifth and sixth segments bear one each. The nectaries are broad and
rounded without much depth. The cauda is broadly rounded.
Measm-ements : Length of body 3.55 mm. ; width, 2 mm. Length of anten-
nal segments: III, 0.44 mm.; IV, 0.135 mm.; V, 0.22 mm.; VI, and spur, 0.135
mm. Length of hind tibia, 1.51 mm.; length of huad tarsus, 0.27 mm.; hind
metatarsus, 0.09 mm.; length of beak, 1.74 mm.
Alate viviparous female: General color: head nearly black, thorax dark
brown, abdomen light brown mottled with dark brown to black splotches,
body more or less pruinose. Antennae and legs hght at the base and dark
toward the ends. The former are somewhat stout and reach to the base of
the metathorax; the third segment bears 5 to 7 large sensoria (sometimes less) ;
the fourth, one or two; and the fifth, one large one at the distal end. The
wings are long and wide with the median vein three branched. The stigma is
long and narrow. Beak slender and sharp, reaching to within a short distance
of the base of the cauda. Nectaries broad, cone-shaped and of medium thick-
ness. Cauda broadly rounded.
Measurements: Length of abdomen, 2.9 mm.; width, 1.45 mm. Length
of antennal segments: III, 0.4 mm.; IV, 0.176 mm.; V, 0.23 mm.; VI and spur,
0.154 mm. Length of wing, 3.8mm.; width, 1.3 mm.; length of hind tibia,
1.9 mm.; length of hind tarsus, 0.242 mm.; length of hind metatarsus, 0.09
mm.; length of beak, 1.9 mm.
Lachnus parvus new species (Plate XI, figs, l.to 7.)
Collected at Washington, D. C, July 4, September 15 and
October 21, 1909. This species is quite distinct from all others
collected l)y myself in the vicinity of Washington in that it is
H. F. WILSON 105
covered with very fine waxy threads, and was found in rows
along the needles of Pinus virginiana and Pinus rigida. This
species was taken while collecting with Prof. C. P. Gillette, who
has already indicated the species in the Journal of Economic
Entomology, II, p. 385, 1909. This is the smallest species of this
group known to me.
General color beneath the waxy threads, browTiish tinged with green. These
waxy threads are also spread about over the needles causing them to appear
as if covered with a bluish powder. No other color notes were taken.
Apterous viviparous female: Body more robust than that of the alate form,
antennae reaching to the third pair of coxae and the beak reaching to the
second pair. Beak broad and blunt at the tip. Legs and antennae with
numerous long and slender hairs. Third and fourth antennal segments ap-
parently without sensoria, fifth and sixth segments with one each. Nectaries
small and cone-shaped with a sUght inchnation to bell-shaped. The opening
rather large for the base. Cauda bluntly angled.
Measurements: Length of body, 1.7 mm.; width, 0.84 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.32 mm.; IV, 0.135 mm.; V, 0.14 mm.; VI and spur,
0.12 mm. Length of hind tibia, 0.94 mm.; length of hind tarsus, 0.33 mm.;
length of hind metatarsus, 0.066 mm. Length of beak, 0.44 mm.
Alate males and ovoviparous females taken the last of October.
Alate viviparous female: Body elongate and slender, antennae and legs
medium slender and thickly covered with long slender hairs. Antennae rea(5h-
ing to the third pair of coxae and the beak reaching to the second pair; beak
broad and blunt at the tip. The third antennal segment bears about eight
small sensoria; the fourth two and the fifth a single large one near the distal
end; sixth with the usual large one near the base of the antennal spur. Wings
hyaline and the median vein but a very indistinct single piece as indicated in
the accompanying figure. Nectaries small and more or less bell-shaped. The
opening rather large for the base. Cauda bluntly angled.
Measurements: Length of body, 1.48 mm.; width, 0.6 mm. Length of
antennal segments: III, 0.32 mm.; IV, 0.154 mm.; V, 0.176 mm.; VI and spur
0.154 mm. Length of wing, 2.5 mm.; length of hind tibia, 0.92 mm.; length of
hind tarsus, 0.3 mm.; length of hind metatarsus, 0.066 mm.; length of beak,
0.49 mm.
The writer is making an attempt to prepare a contri})ution
toward a monograph of the Lachninae, and would appreciate
receiving material from all sections of the world. Specimens
may be mounted on slides but specimens in 70% alcohol are
preferred. In either case, include such color notes as are obtain-
able. If specimens are sent in alcohol, put a small amount of
cotton in the vial and push down until the material is held firmly
TR.\NS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI,
106 APHID NOTES
against the bottom; otherwise the specimens may lose their
appendages. Credit will be given in all cases.
Note. — In the June, 1914, number of the Entomological News,
an aphis from sugar cane was described as new by myself. Mr.
T. E. HoUoway, of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology, should have
received credit for collecting the specimens.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
Plate V
Fig. 1. — Prociphilus fraxini-dipelalae Essig. Antenna and wings of spring
migrant from ash.
Fig. 2.— Prociphilus fraxini-dipelalae Essig. Antenna and wings of fall
migrant from Douglas fir.
Plate VI
Microsiphum canadensis Williams, alate viviparous female: fig. 1, an-
tenna; fig. 2, third antennal segment (much enlarged) ; fig. 4, nectary (enlarged) ;
fig. 5, Cauda. Apterous viviparous female: fig. 3, third antennal segment
(much enlarged) ; fig. 6, specialized setae on frons; figs. 7, setae on body.
Microsiphum artemesiae Gillette, alate viviparous female: fig. 8, antenna;
fig. 9, third antennal segment (much enlarged), Colo, specimens; fig. 13, do.,
Oregon specimens; fig. 11, nectary; fig. 12, setae; fig. 15, frons; fig. 16, cauda.
Apterous viviparous female: fig. 10, third antennal segment, Colorado speci-
mens; fig. 14, do., Oregon specimens.
Microsiphum oregonensis new species ?, apterous viviparous female: fig.
17, antenna; fig. 18, third segment (much enlarged) ; fig. 19, two views of body
setae; fig. 20, frons; fig. 21, portion of abdomen showing nectaries and cau a.
Chaitophorus tridentatae new species, alate viviparous female : fig. 22, head
with antenna and a diagrammatic sketch of the arrangement of the special-
ized setae; fig. 23, nectary; fig. 24, speciahzed seta (much enlarged); fig. 25,
Cauda.
Plate VII
Aphis reticulata new species, alate viviparous female: fig. 1, antenna; fig.
2, third antennal segment (much enlarged) ; fig. 5, nectary; fig. 6, cauda. Apte-
rous viviparous female: fig. 3, prothoracic tubercle; fig. 4, nectary; fig. 7,
reticulations on body.
Aphis oregonensis new species, alate viviparous female: fig. 8, antenna;
fig. 9, third antennal segment (much enlarged) ; fig. 10, tubercles on abdomen
between cauda and nectaries; fig. 12, cauda; fig. 14, prothoracic tubercle; fig.
16, nectary. Apterous viviparous female: fig. 11, abdominal tubercles be-
tween cauda and nectaries; fig. 13, cauda; fig. 15, prothoracic tubercle; fig.
17, nectary.
H. F. WILSON 107
Aphis hermistonii new species, alate viviparous female: fig. 18, antenna;
fig. 19, third antennal segment (much enlarged) ; fig. 20, prothoracic tubercles;
fig. 21, nectary; fig. 23, cauda. Apterous viviparous female: fig. 22, nectary;
fig. 24, Cauda; fig. 25, tubercles along the side of the abdomen.
Aphis tridentatae new species, alate viviparous female: fig. 26, antenna;
fig. 27, speciahzed seta; fig. 28, frons; fig. 29, cauda; fig. 30, nectary,
Plate VIII
Macrosiphum ludovidanae Oestlund, alate viviparous female: fig. 1,
antenna; fig. 2, third antennal segment (much enlarged) ; fig. 4, nectary; fig. 5,
cauda. Apterous viviparous female: fig. 3, third antennal segment (much
enlarged) .
Macrosiphum artemesiae Boyer, alate viviparous female: fig. 6, antenna;
fig. 7, third antennal segment much enlarged and showing specialized setae;
fig. 8, nectary; fig. 10, cauda. Apterous viviparous female: fig. 9, third anten-
nal segment (much enlarged).
Macrosiphum artemesicola Williams, alate viviparous female: fig. 11,
antenna; fig. 12, nectary; fig. 13, frons; fig. 14, speciahzed setae; fig. 15, cauda.
Aphis artemesicola Williams, apterous viviparous female: fig. 16, antenna;
fig 17, third antennal segment (much enlarged) ; fig. 18, nectary; fig. 19, cauda.
Aphis frigidae Oestlund, apterous viviparous female: fig. 20, antenna;
fig. 21, nectary; fig. 22, frons; fig. 23, specialized seta; fig. 24, cauda.
Plate IX
Amphorophora subterrans new species, alate viviparous female: fig. 1,
antenna; fig. 2, nectary; fig. 4, cauda. Apterous viviparous female: fig. 3,
third antennal segment.
Macrosiphum menlzeliae new species, alate viviparous female: fig. 5,
antenna; fig. 6, nectary; fig. 8, cauda; fig. 9, capitate hair. Apterous vivi-
parous female : fig. 7, third antennal segment.
Aphis lithospermi new species, alate viviparous female: fig. 10, antenna;
fig. 11, nectary; fig. 12, cauda; fig. 14, abdominal tubercles. Apterous vivi-
parous female: fig. 13, nectary.
Aphis chrysothamnii new species, alate viviparous female: fig. 15, antenna;
fig. 16, nectary; fig. 17, cauda. Apterous viviparous female: fig. 18, nectary.
Macrosiphum pteridis new species, alate viviparous female: fig, 19a,
antennae; fig. 19b, cauda; fig. 19c, nectary.
Plate X
Lachnus oregonensis new species, alate viviparous female: fig. 1, wing;
fig. 2, beak; fig. 3, hind leg; fig. 4, nectary ; fig. 5, antenna; fig. 7, tip of abdomen;
fig. 8, prothoracic segment. Apterous viviparous female: fig. 6, antenna.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
108 APHID NOTES
Lachnus laricifoliae new species, alate viviparous female: fig. 9, wing;
fig. 10, beak; fig. 11, hind leg; fig. 12, nectary; fig. 14, antenna. Apterous
viviparous female: fig. 13, antenna.
Plate XI
Lachnus parvus new species, alate viviparous female: fig. 1, wing; fig. 2,
hind leg; fig. 3, antenna; fig. 5, nectary; fig. 6, cauda; fig. 7, beak. Apterous
viviparous female: fig. 4, antenna.
Lachnus ruhicundus new species, alate viviparous female: fig. 8, wing;
fig. 9, hind leg; fig. 10, antenna; fig. 12, nectary; fig. 13, cauda; fig. 14, beak.
Apterous viviparous female: fig. 11, antenna.
Trans. Am. Ent. Hoc, Vol. XLI.
PI. V
WILSON APHIDIDAE
Trans. Am Ent. Soc, Vol. XLI.
PI. Vl.
/AM.
WILSON APHIDIDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLI.
PI. Vll
~S3 17 C7
WILSON APHIDIDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Sor., Vol. XLI.
PI. VIII.
:] /ex J p
WILSON APHIDIDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLI.
PL IX.
c
WILSON— APHIDIDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Sue, \'ol. XLl.
PI. X.
WILSON' APHIDIDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLI.
PI. XI
WILSON — APH I DI DAE
J. H. MERRILL 109
ON SOME GENERA OF THE PIMPLINE
ICHNEUMONIDAE
by j. h. merrill, ph.d. ^
Introduction
This paper is the result of three years' work done at the Massa-
chusetts Agricultural College as a partial requirement for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
I wish to acknowledge my obligations to Dr. H. T. Fernald,
under whose direction this work was carried on, to C. H. Fernald
for his kindly suggestions, to Dr. G. C. Crampton for valuable
advice and criticism, to W. S. Regan for the valuable assistance
rendered me l)y securing specimens for study from the museums
at Philadelphia, Washington, and New York, and making notes
on the comparisons of these insects with their types, and to Dr.
C. Gordon Hewitt for the loan of a large number of specimens.
Mr. F. A. Johnston began work on this group and had brought
together copies of the descriptions of nearly all the insects treated
here, when he accepted a position with the Bureau of Entomology,
and the subject was given to me to continue.
Fourteen species and four genera are treated here. Of these,
one genus and one species are described for the first time. Most
of the other North American species are redescribed, wherever it
was possible to obtain specimens from which to make the descrip-
tions. The genus Epirhyssa has been abandoned, as it did not
seem to have enough distinctive generic characteristics to sepa-
rate it from Rhyssa. A new genus Pseudorhyssa has been estab-
lished. Its transversely wrinkled mesonotum places it within
the scope of the genera treated here; the entire sternal plates
of its abdomen, however, separate it from the other genera.
The type of this genus, Pseurhrhyssa sternata is here described.
The description of Thalessa histrio, an unlocated species, is also
included.
Probably the largest and most valuable collection in this
country of the insects treated here is at the Academy of Natural
' Contribution from the Entomological Laboratorj' of the Massachusetts
Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
110 PIMPLINE ICHNEUMONIDAE
Sciences in Philadelphia. Other collections from which material
used in the preparation of this paper was borrowed, were those
at the National Museum in Washington, the American Museum
in New York, the Museum of the Boston Society of Natural
History in Boston, the Children's Museum in Brooklyn and the
collection of the Dominion Entomologist of Canada. The
collections at the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia and the National Museum in Washington are
especially valuable, in that a number of type specimens are
located there.
Historical
Linnaeus was the first to describe insects in this group. From
his time down to the present, there have been numerous workers,
but beyond synoptic tables to the genera, they have done
nothing except to describe some of the species.
Holmgren- called the genus Megarhyssa, Thalessa, in 1859,
but Adams had used this name in 1858 for a genus of mollusks.
Ashmead^ proposed the name Megarhyssa on account of the
name Thalessa being preoccupied in another branch of zoology.
Dalla Torre ^ places "non Adams 1858" after the reference to
Ashmead; this should have been placed after the reference to
Holmgren.
The chief workers in this group have been Linnaeus, Fabricius,
Kriechbaumer, Cameron, Cresson and Viereck. Both Cresson
and Kriechbaumer not only described and named several new
species but each established a new genus.
In the Proceedings of the United States National Museum
for 1901, vol. xxiii, Ashmead divides the sub-family Pimplinae
into tribes and establishes among others the tribe Pimplini.
Up to this point his synoptic tables may be made use of, but
when it is desired to determine the genera treated here it will
be necessary to use a new key, because other generic values
have been given to some characters, while the value of others
has been lessened. The 62nd fascicle of the Genera Insectorum
uses a key similar to the one used by Ashmead and the same
criticism applies to it. In Cresson's Synopsis of the Ilymen-
= 5fver.s. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Forh., xvi, 18.59, p. 122.
' Canadian Entomologist, xxxii, 1900, p. 3G8.
■• Catalof^us Hymenoptororuni, viii, j). 479.
J. H. MERRILL 111
optera, no division of the sub-family is attempted but the key
is similar to the two preceding ones in the generic characters used.
The genus Alegarhyssa is fairly constant in both color and
structural characteristics, while the genus Rhyssa exhibits con-
siderable variation in both. For that reason it would seem unsafe
to describe a new species from a single specimen in Rhyssa.
External Anatomy
The following description is taken mainly from Megarhyssa
lunator. Certain modifications have been made to describe
such differences as may occur in different species of the group
treated here.
Head
The head is hypognathous, broader than long. Its general
shape when viewed from in front is rounded-triangular. The
compound eyes are large, extending from the top of the head to
the clypeus. They are broad, together constituting one-half
the width of the head when viewed from in front and when viewed
from the side, at their widest part, forming a little more than
half the width of the head. The inner margins of the compound
eyes are slightly emarginated on its upper third, but nearly
form two parallel lines with each other. The posterior margins
are entire. The eyes are naked.
The clypeus occupies the lower portion of the front of the head
and extends up to the lower borders of the compound eyes.
The clypeus is narrow and elongated transversely. Laterally
below the eyes it has fused with the cheeks. There is an impres-
sion reaching from the eyes to about the middle of the mandibles
which suggests that it was a suture marking the division between
the clypeus and the cheeks. If this is true, then the clypeus
and cheeks together form the basal support of the mandibles.
The lower border of the clypeus between the mandibles varies
in outline, in different genera, from concave to convex. This
fact is made use of in the determination of genera.
The frons, vertex, occiput and upper ends of the genae are
fused, but the occiput and genae are fused dorsally, while later-
ally they are separated by a suture, and ventrally by a ridge.
The occiput may be considered as that portion of the back of
the head which is nearly vertical. It is concave from side to
side, and the prothorax attaches at about its center.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
112 PIMPLINE ICHNEUMONIDAE
The lack of definite sutures separating the plates of the head,
necessitates the establishment of artificial boundaries. The
vertex will be considered as extending from a line drawn through
the posterior ocelli, back to a line from the ends of the sutures
separating the genae from the occiput. The lateral limits of
the vertex can be definitely fixed, but will be considered as
extending to the compound eyes.
The portion of the head behind the compound eyes, extending
from the vertex to the clypeus and back to the occiput, will
be considered as the genae. The greatest width of the genae
is at the lower border of the compound eyes. They gradually
become narrower towards the top of the head.
The labrum is attached to the clypeus between the front
borders of the mandibles. Being attached to the lower and
inner side of the clypeus, it leaves the anterior borders of the
latter clearly defined. The labrum bears a thick row of long
spines on its outer edge.
The mandibles are situated on either side of the labrum.
They are broad at the base, taper gradually toward the apex
and the tip is slightly incurved. They have two teeth, the
anterior one being blunt, while the posterior one is produced
to a point. The maxillae lie behind the mandibles and each
has a five-segmented palpus. The labium is so well concealed
by the maxillae that it was impossible to separate it for careful
study in the time at my disposal.
The antennae are filiform, long, slender and composed of about
forty segments. They are covered by a large number of minute
spines. The main portion of the scape is bluntly spindle-shaped
when viewed from the mid line of the body, or from somewhat
below the point of attachment. From this angle, the fact that
the upper, outer side of this spindle has quite a deep, oval exca-
vation from which the pedicel arises, is not perceptible. At
its widest part, the scape is about twice as wide as the other
segments. The bulb below the constriction enlarges so that
its outline is triangular. The first segment of the antenna is
globular and very much differentiated from the others. It is
broader than long and about one-fifth the length of the second
segment. The remaining segments are cylindrical and a gradual
decrease in size appears on the outer half of the antenna. The
J. H. MERRILL 113
last segment is nearly twice as long as the preceding segment
and narrows rather suddenly towards the tip.
Thorax
The prothorax consists of four visible plates; the notum, two
episterna, and a sternum. Each episternum (Eps.i) at its an-
terior end, articulates with the head by a hooked process which
is the remains of the cervical sclerite. The episterna are sepa-
rated ventrally by a median longitudinal suture. At the point
of articulation with the head, each is quite slender, Imt posteriorly
it enlarges and flattens out into a lobe which passes downward
and backward below the pronotum and articulates at its posterior
end with the procoxa (Cx.i) of an anterior leg. As in most
Hymenoptera, the episternum constitutes the greater part of
the pleural portion of the prothorax, the epimeron being reduced
to a strip so narrow that it is almost negligible, on the posterior
border of the episternum and is hidden under the pronotum.
The pronotum (N.i) is very broad laterally, its anterior face,
being narrowed, forms a connection between the lateral plates.
The sides are highly polished. The pronotum reaches the base
of the tegulae (Tg.) and is produced downward to the episternum,
coxae and sternum ventrally. The pronotal lobe (Pnl.) is dis-
tinct, though small, forming a peritremal sclerite overlapping
the first thoracic spiracle (Tsp.). The sternum is overlapped
and largely concealed by the approximated lobes of the episterna.
In the mesonotum, the prescutum, scutum and scutellum are
plainly distinguishable. The postscutellum is small and for
the most part is a phragma or internal process.
Near the upper, posterior corner of the pronotum, on each
side and just below the anterior end of the attachment of the
fore wing to the body is the first thoracic spiracle (Tsp.).
The prescutum (Psc.2) is a triangular shaped plate, above the
pronotum and separated from the scutum by two sutures which
posteriorly converge and become transformed into flattened
grooves. The front portion of the prescutum is nearty vertical
and forms almost a right angle with its hinder portion, when
viewed from the side.
Medially, the scutum (Set. 2) extends to the raised median
portion of the scutellum. Posteriorly the scutum is sunken
TKANS. AM. ENl, SOC, XLI.
114 PIMPLINE ICHNEUMONIDAE
between the lateral plates of the scutellum (Scl.2), so that its
lateral margins are concealed. Both the prescutum and scutum
are transversely rugose. The lateral margin of the prescutum
is deflexed. The anterior portion of this deflexed margin is
overlapped by the dorsal border of the pronotum. From the
top of the pronotal lobe, just above the first thoracic spiracle,
is a ridge extending to the anterior corner of the lateral lobe
of the scutellum, behind which point, the margin of the scutum
is concealed by this lobe, as already stated. Below and behind
this ridge, the scutum bends abruptly and is somewhat hollowed,
the lower margin of this portion of the plate extending backward
until opposite the front end of the lateral lobe of the scutellum.
The margin now turns upward and forms a suture with the front
margin of the lateral lobe of the scutellum.
The scutellum (Scl.2) consists of a median raised portion and
two deflexed regions. From the front of the median portion of
the scutellum a ridge runs downward on the side of the body
toward the lower, hinder angle of the plate, and may be considered
as marking the line between the median portion and the lateral
lobe. The lateral lobe, as thus indicated, is approximately
rectangular, its lower, hinder angle being somewhat drawn out
and its lower border somewhat emarginated. The hinder margin
of the median portion of the scutellum is practically a straight
line, running obliquely backward on either side.
The fore wing has a much elongated attachment to the body,
its humeral angle appearing just behind the pronotal lobe, and
its internal margin near the lower, posterior corner of the lateral
lobe of the scutellum. Beneath this wing attachment lies the
upper margin of the mesoepisternum (Eps.2).
The tegula (Tg.) which lies over the anterior portion of the
base of the wing is a small chitinous plate, which appears to be
attached medially to the front end of the hollowed portion of the
scutum, just below the front edge of the ridge already described.
Its real attachment and relation to the wing are considered under
a separate heading elsewhere in this paper. Two tiny basal wing
sclerites lie beneath the costal and anal regions of the wing.
As in the prothorax, the episternum (Eps.2) constitutes the
greater part of the pleural region. It is fused with the sternum
(S.) which has a narrow, deep, mid-ventral groove extending
J. H. MERRILL 115
longitudinally throughout its whole length. On the cpisternuni,
a short distance behind its front margin, is a nearly vertical
suture extending about half way up to the dorsal margin of the
plate, crossing it beneath and continuous with the corresponding
suture of the other side, separating the lower, anterior portion of
each episternum from the remainder. This portion is called the
prepectus (Ppct.o). The epimeron (Epm.2) is a narrow band
separated from the episternum by a suture extending in a straight
line from the hinder base of the fore wing downward and back-
ward to the mesocoxa (Cx.2). The sternal area is flat beneath,
punctured and sometimes striated.
The distinguishable plates of the metanotum are the scutum,
scutellum and postscutellum. The region here called metanotum
is the one which has been usually termed the postscutellum of
the mesothorax by the systematists. The metascutum (Sct.2)
lies immediately behind the scutellum of the mesothorax. Its
narrow dorsal surface is sunken below the surfaces of both the
mesoscutellum and the metascutellum. Laterally it consists of
two deflexed regions. The hind wings are dorsally attached
by a membrane, to the scutum, and behind and below are simi-
larly attached by a forward projecting process of the metapleuron.
In the anal and humeral angles are borne the small, sub-alar
basal wing sclerites. The scutellum (Scl.3) consists of a raised
median portion. Immediately posterior to the scutellum lies
the postscutellum (Pscl.3) which is a sunken, narrow, transverse
bank-like region fusing laterally with the metaepimeron.
The pleurum consists of an episternal and epimeral region,
of which the former is much the larger. That portion of the
pleurum which is fused with the metapostscutellum is epimeral
(Epm.3). The suture which separates the epimeron from the
first abdominal segment becomes lost for most of the distance
along the ventral margin of the latter segment, reappearing
again for a short distance at its hinder, ventral portion. The
main part of the episternum (Eps.3) lies beneath the metae-
pimeron and its hinder margin articulates with the metacoxa
(Cx.3). The upper, anterior corner is prolonged into a narrow
bank-like region lying betwecni the mesoepimeron and the fused
metapostscutellum, and metaepimei-on. It is separated from
each by sutures. The pleura are fused with the sternum which
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
116 PIMPLINE ICHNEUMONIDAE
is marked by a longitudinal mid-ventral groove, as in the meso-
thorax, and is continuous with it.
Wings
The wings are long and narrow, quite large, usually hyaline*
marked more or less with dark spots. In some species the wings
are entirely cloudy. The fore and hind wings are connected
when in flight, by a row of frenal hooks on the hind wing hooking
into the frenal fold of the front wing.
In describing the veins and cells, the terminology used by
Cresson in his "Synopsis of the Hymenoptera of North America,"
will be followed here.
In the fore wing, the costal and subcostal veins are blended,
therefore the costal cell is absent. They extend to a point a
little beyond the middle of the wing, where there is a slight
notch in the costa. From this notch, to a point about half
way from it to the apex, is a thickened, darker strip which may
be regarded as the stigma. Behind the blended costa and sub-
costa, lie the externo-medial and anal nervures. The externo-
medial nervure at its outer end, meets the basal nerve obliquely;
this basal nervure joins the subcosta at a point a little before the
stigma. The cell outlined by these nervures is called the sub-
median or interno-medial cell. The anal nervure lies behind
the externo-medial nervure and extends outward until it joins
the anal margin at a point nearly two-thirds the length of the
wing from the base. At the junction of the basal nervure with
the externo-medial nervure, the transverse-medial nervure
extends at nearly a right angle with the latter, to the anal nerv-
ure; thus outlining the sub-median or interno-medial cell.
Behind the anal vein and in front of the anal margin lies the
long, narrow, anal cell. The marginal or radial nervure appar-
ently arises from the hinder edge of the stigma and extends
toward the apex, but before reaching it, turns forward to the
front margin, thus enclosing the marginal or radial cell. The
cliscoidal nervure extends from the junction of the externo-
medial, basal, and transverse-medial nervures, outward until
it joins the cubital nervure, where it bends abruptly backward
and joins the anal nervure just before the latter reaches the anal
margin. The cell outlined by the transverse-medial nervure
J. H. MERRILL 117
on its inner margin, the discoidal nervure on its front and outer
margins, and the anal nervure on its hinder margin, is the second
discoidal cell. The cubital nervure extends outward from the
point where the discoidal nervure bends abruptly backward, and
becomes lost a short distance before the outer margin. About
the middle of the marginal nervure arises a cross nervure which
passes backward and joins the cubital at about its middle. This
nervure has been termed the first transverse cubital, and forms
the outer margin of the very large, somewhat triangular cell
lying behind the base of the stigma, called the cubito-discoidal
cell. A short stump of a nervure projecting from the cubital
into the cubito-discoidal cell is called by Cresson an ''abbreviated
cubital nervure." The real significance of this nervure will be
discussed later. A short distance external to the first transverse
cubital is another cross nervure, the second transverse cubital.
The relation of these two nervures differs greatly, their anterior
ends may be close together on the marginal nervure, while their
posterior ends are some distance apart. These nervures enclose
the areolet or second submarginal cell. In some cases, the anterior
ends of the two transverse-cubital nervures are united for about
half their length. In this case, the areolet is said to be petio-
lated. Occasionally, the second transverse cubital is lost or
reduced to an abbreviated stub, in which case, the areolet is
absent. The presence or absence of an areolet which has here-
tofore been used as a generic character, is not even a specific
one, as both conditions have been found to occur in the same
species.
The second transverse cubital nervure forms the inner margin
of the third submarginal cell which extends outward to the outer
margin of the wing. Its front border is formed by the outer
half of the marginal or radial nervure, and its hinder border
by the outer portion of the cubital nervures. Between the
cubital nervure and the internal margin of the wing, extending
nearly to the outer margin from about the middle of the back-
wardly turned portion of the discoidal nervure, is the subdiscoidal
nervure. That portion of the discoidal nervure between the
cubital and subdiscoidal nervures is the first recurrent nervure,
according to Cresson, though here described as part of the dis-
coidal. The second recurrent is a somewhat curved nervure
TRANS. AM, ENT. SOC, XLI.
lis PIMPLINE ICHNEUMONIDAE
extending backward from the middle of the areolet to near
the outer end of the subdiscoidal. The recurrent nervures
form the inner and outer margin of the third discoidal cell, with
the cubital forming its front and the subdiscoidal joining
its hinder borders. The subdiscoidal nervure forms the front
margin of the first apical cell, while its inner margin is formed
by the outer part of the discoidal nervure and behind it is bounded
by a small portion of the anal nervure, the outer part of the
internal margin, the anal angle and the hinder portion of the
outer margin of the wing. Between the cubital and subdiscoidal
nervures and extending from the second recurrent nervure to
the outer margin, lies the second apical cell. The frenal fold
is near the outer end of the anal cell.
The writer is inclined to agree with Snodgrass^ in his inter-
pretation of the venation of an Ichneumonid wing, as indicated
by his Figure 76, rather than with that used by Cresson.^
The two systems agree in the main, the points of disagreement
being the discoidal and first recurrent nervures. According to
the system used by Cresson, the first recurrent nervure (1.) sep-
arates the two parts of the discoidal nervure (j.).
In the fore wing of Mellinus which Cresson ^ uses as a typical
Hymenopteron wing, the two recurrent nervures are very distinct
and there can be no question raised as to their identity. Here,
the first recurrent nervure extends from the discoidal nervure
(j.) to the cubital nervure (k.). In the fore wing of Megarhyssa
lunator, the cubital nervure at its anterior end is but an abbre-
viated stump. According to Snodgrass, the vein from (j.) to
(k.) forms the first recurrent nervure (No. 16, fig. 76). This agrees
with the condition found in Mellinus and seems to be a more
plausible explanation than calling it part of the discoidal nervure
(1.) with parts of the latter on either side of it (j.). If Snod-
grass's interpretation is accepted, then the discoidal nervure
remains as such from beginning to end.
In Mellinus the first transverse cubital nervure extends for-
ward from the point where the first recurrent nervure joins the
cubital, to the marginal or radial nervure, but in the fore wing
5 'Thorax of Hymenoptera,' 1910, pi. G, fig. 76.
^ Synopsis of the Hymenoptera of North America, p. 38, fig. 9.
^ Synopsis of the Hymenoptera of North America, p. 5, fig. 4.
J. H. MERRILL 119
of Megarhyssa lunator, the transverse cubital nervure is lost.
As a result of this, the so-called cubito-discoidal cell includes
not only the first, but the second cubital cell, and the cells spoken
of by Cresson as the second and third cubital cells are in reality
the third and fourth cubital cells. The nervures (f.) and (g.)
though called the first and second transverse cubitals are actually
the second and third.
In the hind wing the nervures and cells are fewer in number
than in the fore wing. The subcostal nervure runs outward
from the base of the wing for nearly two-thirds the length of
the latter, joining the costa at a small notch in the costal margin.
From this point the radial or marginal nervure passes obliquely
outward and backward to the outer margin some little distance
behind the apex. Behind the subcostal lies the externo-medial
nervure, which passes outward, gradually diverging from the
former till intersected by two cross nervures. Bej'ond the inter-
section it continues to the hinder margin, this portion being
termed the discoidal nervure. Behind the externo-medial
nervure is a third longitudinal nervure w^hich extends from the
base of the wing to its hinder margin, which it reaches a short
distance before the middle of the margin. The externo-medial
nervure is intersected in front by the cubital nervure, the two
uniting at nearly right angles. The latter abruptly turns out-
ward, however, and gradually backward and reaches the hinder
margin of the wing about half w^ay between the ends of the dis-
coidal and marginal nervures. At about its middle, it is joined
by the hinder end of the transverse cubital nervure which passes
forward, then outward, then forward and unites with the mar-
ginal nervure near its middle. From the point of intersection
of the externo-medial and cubital nervures the transverse medial
originates, extending backward and inward and joins the anal
nervure a short distance before the latter reaches the wing
margin.
The cell lying between the costa and the subcostal nervure is
known as the costal cell: that in front of the marginal or radial
nervure, as the marginal or radial cell : that bounded in front by
the costal and part of the radial nervures, behind by the externo-
medial and the inner part of the cubital nervures, and externally
by the transverse cubital nervure — the largest cell of the wing —
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
120 PIMPLINE ICHNEUMONIDAE
is the median ceU. Between the outer parts of the marginal and
cubital nervures, external to the transverse cubital nervure is
the submarginal or cubital cell. Behind this, between the
cubital and discoidal nervures lies the first discoidal cell. Be-
tween the externo-medial and anal nervures and extending from
the base of the wing to the transverse medial nervure, lies the
submedian cell, external to which and separated from it by the
transverse medial nervure lies the second discoidal cell. The
area behind the anal nervure is known as the anal cell.
Legs
The legs are long and slender, the coxa being the stoutest
part of each leg. The coxae, trochanters, femora and tibiae,
which are clothed with minute hairs or spines, are sometimes
almost pubescent. At the outer end of each tibia are two long
spines of unequal length, on the sides towards the body. The
tarsi are covered with short spines becoming longer at the end
of each segment.
On the fore legs, the coxae are large, but are the shortest ones
of the three sets. Each is sub-conical in form, with the tro-
chanter articulating at its apex. The trochanter is well devel-
oped and composed of two segments, the first being the larger.
Its base is cylindrical, but at the tip of the second section where
it articulates with the femur it is flattened.
The fore femur is the shortest of any. At its articulation with
the trochanter, it is flattened and for a short distance it decreases
in width. It then begins to widen and thicken, becoming sub-
cylindrical just before articulating with the tibia.
The fore tibia is the only one which is shorter than its femur.
It is narrow and cylindrical at its base of articulation, but
gradually increases in size to its outer end. Its outer side is
clothed with short spines.
The tarsus is composed of five segments, all of which are
cylindrical and slightly enlarged at their outer ends. They
decrease in length from the tibia outward to the fifth segment
which is slightly longer than the fourth. On that portion of
the tarsus overlapped by the tibial spurs is a raised area, which
together with the latter, forms a cleaning apparatus. The
longest spines of the tarsus are found at the tip of the fourth
J. H. MERRILL 121
segment. At the tip of the fifth is a pair of strong, well-developed,
incurved claws, between which is a large pulvillus.
The middle coxa is larger than the fore coxa and is more cylin-
drical than conical. The middle femur is straighter and longer
than the foi'e femur. At its base it is narrow, but soon broadens
out and remains the same width for the rest of its length. The
middle tibia is longer than the fore tibia and also longer than
the middle femur. In all other respects the middle leg is like
the fore leg.
The hind legs are the longest and in all respects they resemble
the middle legs rather than the fore legs.
.4 bdomen
The abdomen consists of nine visible segments. It is depressed
behind the propodeum but towards the end is mostly compressed.
It has lateral impressed lines on segments three to six, which
converge toward the middle of the base. The abdomen is some-
times finely, transversely- aciculated. The dorsal portion is
coriaceous.
The first segment of the abdomen is the median segment or
propodeum, and has often been considered to be part of the
metathorax. Anteriorly it articulates with the metapostscu-
tellum and the metaepimeron. The latter extends along its
lower border. The sternum of this segment is either lost or
has fused with the metasternum. The pleural elements have
fused with the notum forming a single continuous plate. It is
usually smooth, but in some cases has a channeled groove along
its mid-dorsal line and may even be areolated. The presence
or absence of these areolations is used for generic distinction.
On either side it bears a large spiracle, these forming the largest
spiracles found in the abdomen.
The actual second segment, usually rated as the first by sys-
tematists, is constricted at its base, joining the true first segment
or propodeum as by a stem. Its attachment is such that it is
enabled to articulate freely. Here as in all the rest of the seg-
ments, the pleura are fused with the notum. It is straight, with
its spiracles placed before the middle and closer to each other
than to the apical margin. These facts are made use of in
classifying to the tribe. At the base of this segment, the fused
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
122 PIMPLINE ICHNEUMONIDAE
notum and pleura become fused with the sternum for a greater
or lesser distance. The amount of this fusion is used in classi-
fication to species, and the presence or absence of it is made use
of for generic distinction. The sternum is divided into an anterior
and a posterior portion by a transverse groove. The latter
portion is again divided into two parts by a longitudinal mid-
ventral groove.
Considerable variation from the typical form in regard to the
construction of the sternal plate has been found. A large part,
often as much as half of the posterior portions of this plate may
be membranous in place of being mainly composed of chitin,
as is the case in some species. It is impossible to determine
whether this characteristic is the primitive condition or is a
degeneration, though the weight of evidence would point towards
the latter, as the few species possessing this modification are in
other respects the most highly developed of this group.
The third segment, like the second, is truncate at its apex,
while the fourth, fifth and sixth segments are prolonged laterally
at the apex. There is a gradual increase in size in these segments,
otherwise their structures closely resemble each other. In each,
the notum and pleura are fused, but the sternum is a separate
plate. On the pleura are laterally impressed lines converging
toward the base. The sternal plates of these segments are
separated by a mid-ventral longitudinal groove. On eithej* side
of this groove is a small projection, the tips of which point toward
each other. The size and position of these projections vary in
different genera. This character is used for generic classification.
In the female the last three segments of the abdomen are
highly specialized. Ventrally they are plow-share shaped.
The seventh is the deepest segment of the abdomen. Its ventral
plate, however, is very small. Between the dorsal portions of
the seventh and eighth segments is the membrane used by the
female for coiling up the ovipositor, before thrusting it into the
tree in which she desires to oviposit. The ovipositor becomes
external on the ventral side between the seventh and eighth
segments. It is long and slender, varying in length; in some
species attaining a length of five or six inches and is always
longer than the body of the insect. It is composed of three
lateral sections which interlock. The ventral plates of the eighth
J. H. MERRILL 123
and ninth segments are for the most part membranous. The
base of the sheaths of the ovipositor arises in these ventral
plates and extends thus nearly to the apex of the abdomen.
Near the apex comes a decided break where the sheaths proper
are articulated. These are long and slender, equalling the ovi-
positor in length. They are concaved inwardly and convex
with ridged rings outwardly. The nota of the eighth and ninth
segments are small, but their pleura extend backward and are
overlapped and partially concealed by those of the seventh
segment. On the apex of the ninth segment is a small, blunt,
rod-like projection, and beneath on either side of the groove
which receives the sheaths is a small cercus. Both of these
parts are probably tactile in their nature.
Sex Distinction
The presence or absence of the ovipositor anil its sheaths is
the most readily noticed sex distinction, but there are others
not so easily noticed. The sternal plates of the female are longi-
tudinally divided and the small projections described above
are usually present, while in the males, the sternal plates are
entire and the projections are absent. The abdomen of the
female increases in size towards its apex while that of the male
is long, slender, and approximately of the same width throughout.
The small rod-like projections on the ninth segment of the female
are, of course, lacking in the male, their positions being occupied
by the male external genital organ. The ventral cerci of the
female are absent in the male but the male has a pair of small
cerci on the dorsal apex of the eighth segment which are not
found in the female.
Classification
Tribe Pimplini
Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., iii, p. 278, (1895).
Schmiedeknecht, Genera Insectorum, 62nd fascicle, p. 18, (1907).
On May 3, 1895, Ashmead read a paper before the Entomolog-
ical Society of Washington, which was later published in the
Proceedings of that society, in which he proposed the breaking
up of the sub-family Pitnplinae into a number of tribes, one of
which was to be called Pimplini.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
124 PIMPLINE ICHNEUMONIDAE
The following synoptic table leading to the tribe Pimplini is
taken from the ()2nd fascicle of the Genera Insectorum.
1. Head more or less cubical, more rarely globular. Mandibles extended,
and with the clypeus downwardly bent at the tip, as a rule, forming the
mouth opening. Antennae and legs mostly long and thin, Tribe Xoridini
Head transverse, rarely somewhat elevated. Mandibles with the clypeus
fonning no apparent mouth opening 2
2. Abdomen depressed, rarely somewhat compressed at the tip. The last
abdominal segment not large. Hind legs, particularly, not the hind coxae,
neither strikingly long nor stout. Antennae almost entirely long and
slender 3
Abdomen behind more or less laterally compressed. The last ventral
segment, generally plow-share shaped and standing out, sometimes very
large, lancet-shaped, very rarely small and transverse. Hind legs or
at least hind coxae strongly lengthened and generally strongly thickened.
Antennae more or less short and stout,
(Tribes not included in this paper)
3. Abdomen with more or less distinct impressions, mostly also strongly
punctured. When smoother and without elevations, then segments
2 to 5 have deep impressed, obhque lines on both sides which converge
toward the middle of the base Tribe Pimplini
Abdomen without, or with entirely indistinct impressions, and without
coarse sculpturing, more or less smooth or finely punctured or leather-
like Tribe Lissonotini
The characters of the tribe Pimplini are: Head transverse,
rarely somewhat elevated. Abdomen depressed, only toward
the end mostly compressed, with more or less distinct impressions
or elevations, usually punctured, rarely smooth, if smooth
alutaceous or coriaceous, always with lateral impressed lines
on segments 2 to 5 which converge toward the middle of the
base. Mandibles with front border of clypeus not forming a
mouth-opening. Hind legs not conspicuously lengthened and
thickened.
Synoptic Table to Genera Here Treated
Females
1; Mesonotum transversely rugose 2
Mesonotum not transversely rugose (Genera not tnnited.)
2. Head with carina between the antennae Apechoneura
Head with a carina between the antennae 3
3. Sternal plates of abdomen entire Pseudorhyssa
Sternal plates of abdomen divided by a median-longitudinal groove 4
J. H. MERRILL 125
4. Projections along groove of the sternal plate nearer the base of each seg-
ment than its apex Megarhyssa
Projections on sternal plate situated about mid-way between base and
apex of each segment Rhyssa
Males
1. Propodeum areolated: head without a carina between the antennae
Pseudorhyssa
Propodeum not areolated 2
2. Pleura and sternum of second abdominal segment fused for a short dis-
tance Megarhyssa
Pleura and sternum of second abdominal segment not fused Rhyssa
Genus MEGARHYSSA Ashmead
Thalessa Holmgren, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Forh., xvi, 1859, p. 132.
Megarhyssa Ashmead, Can. Ent., xxxii, 1900, p. 369.
Megarhyssa Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., iii, 1901-2, p. 479.
Thalessa Schmiedeknecht, Gen. Ins. Fasc. 62, 1907, p. 63.
Genotype: {Ichneumon clavator Fahricms) . [Sic]= (Ichneumon) Megarhyssa
clavatus (Fabricius) = (7c/mewmori) Megarhyssa Superbus (Schrank). (Vide
Viereck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. S3, p. 144, (1914).)
In Megarhyssa the clypeus is usually anteriorly truncate, the
abdominal segments in the male are smooth, with segments
3 to 7 at the apex emarginate or deeplj^ excavated. The sternal
plate of the second abdominal segment is for a greater or lesser
distance fused with the pleura at its anterior end. The amount
of fusion varies with the species. The sternal plate of this
segment is largely membranous, the chitin being apparently
degenerated. Between the seventh and eighth segments, issues
the membrane used by the female in ovipositing, as already
described. The projections of the sternal plates of segments
3 to 6, on either side of the mid-ventral groove are longer than
in Rhyssa, and are situated nearer the base than the apex of
each segment.
Table to Females
1. Insects black or fnostly black 2
Insects yellow or yellowish red 4
2. Black with white spots on the abdomen humida (Sa}-) (p. 126)
Black without white spots on the abdomen 3
3. Ovipositor at least twice as long as the body atrata (Fabr.) (p. 128)
Ovipositor not twice as long as the body canadensis (Cress.) (p. 129)
4. Areolet in fore-wings absent mesdcana (Cress.) (p. 131)
Areolet in fore-wings present 5
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
126 PIMPLINE ICHNEUMONIDAE
5. Rounded spots on the sides of the abdomen. . .nortonii (Cress.) (p. 131)
No rounded spots on the sides of the abdomen 6
6. Yellow band behind the eyes bordered posteriorly with a black band.
In second abdominal segment, pleura and sternum fused as far as or
but shghtly l^eyond the spiracles, wings clouded at their tips
lunator (Fabr.) (p. 133)
Yellow band behind the eyes not bordered posteriorly with a black band.
Fusion of pleura and sternimi extending twice the distance from base
of segment to spiracles, wings not clouded at tips . greenei (Vier.) (p. 136)
Table to Males
1. Black or mostly black 2
Xot black 3
2. Abdomen with white spots on its sides nitida (Cress.) (p. 137)
Abdomen without white spots on its sides canadensis (Cress.) (p. 129)
3. Recurrent nervure interstitial with outer transverse cubital
nortonii (Cress.) (p. 131)
Recurrent nervure not interstitial 4
4. Wings fuscous atrata (Fabr.) (p. 128)
Wings not fuscous 5
5. Yellow behind the eyes bordered by a black band extending around the
head nearly to the mandibles, wings clouded at tips
lunator (Fabr.) (p. 133)
Yellow behind the eyes merging into a hght brown band, wings not clouded
at tips greenei (Vier.) (p. 136)
Megarhyssa humida (Say)
Pimpla humida Say, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., i, pt. 3, 1836, p. 224, n. 1, $ .
Pivipla humida LeConte, Writings of Thos. Say, ii, 1859, p. 683.
Rhyssa humida DaUa Torre, Cat. Hym., iii, 1901-2, p. 483.
Type. As this species was named by Say, the type cannot be
located.
The female of this species is about half an inch long with an ovipositor
slightly longer than the body. The head is yellowish-white with the vertex
and a broad central band extending to the base of the insertion of the antennae
dark, as is also the clypeus. There is a large dark spot in the middle of the
lower margin of the frons from which a dark band extends to the antennae.
The mandibles are black but the palpi are white. The antennae are brownish-
black.
A broad yeUowish-white band extends forward along the upper bordcn- of the
prothorax from the tegula nearly to the middle line in front and downward
at its posterior end, making the spot somewhat L-shaped. Beneath this band
is a broad dark band running parallel to it, which occupies almost all of the
remaining portion of the prothorax. Just below this dark band and above
the procoxa is a pale rufous streak. The prosternum is pale rufous. The
mcsonotum is darlc as is the prescutum. This dark color from the prcscutum
J. H. MERRILL 127
extends backward between two parallel, longitudinal, yellowish-white bands
on the mesonotum to the mesoscutellum. The center of the rnesoscutellum
has a square yellowish-white spot on it, and is interrupted at its front margin
by a dark one. The posterior margin of the entire plate has a narrow white
line, the remainder of the plate is black. On the metascutellum (generally
called postscutellum) is an oblong yellowish-white spot. Both front and
rear margins of this plate have a yellowish-white Une, each side is black and
a black line crosses from one side to the other just in front of the oblong spot.
The mesosternum and metasternum as well as their pleura are pale rufous.
The tegula, a raised spot beneath the fore wing and another spot below this
are yellowish-white. The uotum of the propodeum is dark with a yellowish-
whitre spot separating it from the rufous pleura at its posterior end. The legs
are pale rufous, with the knees, tibiae and tarsi whitish. The exterior surface
of the middle tibiae and tarsi as well as the tarsal tips and sutures are darker.
In the posterior tibiae the outer extremitj' is darkened and the tarsal segments
become darker toward the tarsal claws, which are brownish-black. The wings
are hyaline with dark brown nervures. The stigma is pale fuscous at its
base but becomes darker towards its apex. The areolet is petiolated and the
recurrent nerv'ure enters it in the middle.
The abdomen is dark brown, pohshed and transversely aciculated above,
and obhquely aciculated at the sides. On the notum of the second segment
is a broad, dorsal depression extending from the base nearly to its tip. On
the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth segments are roundish,
3'ello wish-white spots, which on the last two segments become elongated,
with their axis at right angles to that of the bod3^ The venter is yellowish-
white with brown bands. The ovipositor is of a reddish-brown with darker
colored sheaths.
]Male unknown.
Megarhyssa humida is more apt to be confused with Rhyssa
persuasoria than with any other species, yet an examination of
the sternal plates will show a marked difference. The fact
that the pleura and sternum of the second abdominal segment
are fused for a short distance will serve to distinguish it from
Rhyssa persuasoria. The fact that the mesosternum and meta-
sternum of M. humida are rufous and not l^lack is another dis-
tinguishing character. It can be distinguished from M. atrata
by the absence of the yellowish-white markings found on the
latter. It can be distinguished from Megarhyssa norionii,
canadensis, lunator, greenei, and mexicana by the presence of its
yellowish-white orbits.
This species was described by Saj- as Pimpla humida and was
later put into the genus Rhyssa by Walsh, but the structural
characters of the sternal plates, the fusion of the pleura and
sternum of the second abdominal segment, the ends of the
TRANS. .VM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
128 PIMPLINE ICHNEUMONIDAE
abdominal segments being acute instead of truncate, would seem
to place it in Megarhyssa. It would also seem that this might
be the female of M. nitida on account of the similarity of color-
markings, size, and its petiolated areolet. If this should prove
true the name M. nitida would fall into synonj-my.
Megarhyssa atrata (Fabricius)
Ichneumon nirula Fabricius, Spec. Insect., i, 1781, p. 436.
The following references are in addition to those given by Dalla Torre:
Lintner, Country Gentleman, July, 1883, p. 561.
Harrington, Can. Ent., xix, 1887, p. 206.
Riley, Insect Life, i, 1888-89, p. 168 et seq.
Smith, Insects of New Jersey, 1909, p. 627.
This species varies from about an inch to an inch and three-quarters in
length, with a very long, dark-browni ovipositor, which in some cases attains a
length of five or six inches. The head and antennae are yeUow. The ocelli
are embedded in a transverse dark band extending between the compound
eyes. There is another transverse dark band at the point of insertion of the an-
tennae, not quite reaching the compound eyes, and a black spot on the face just
above the clypeus. The ground color of the thorax is a glossy black with a
yellow spot in the prothorax just in front of the fore wing, one beneath the fore
wing, and one on each side of the propodeum near where it articulates with the
second abdominal segment. On each side of the mesoscutellum is a short, longi-
tudinal dash, while in the center of the metascutellum (generally called post-
scutellum) is a transverse yellow dash. The legs are yellow with the coxae,
middle and hind trochanters, black and the fore-trochanters partly yellow.
The procoxae each bear a more or less indistinguishable yellow spot. The
middle and posterior femora are black with yellow tips. The tibiae are yellow,
but the tarsal segments are darker at their outer extremities and the tips of
the tarsal claws are black. The wings are fusco-hyaline and show an irides-
cence in some lights. The stigma is pale ferruginous at its base becoming
darker toward its apex. The abdomen is brownish-black, some parts being
slightly hghter than others.
M. atrata may be distinguished from M. lunator, greenei,
and mexicana by its very dark abdomen. Its yellow antennae
will distinguish it from nitida, canadensis, and humida. Its
larger size would also serve to distinguish it as well as the length
of the ovipositor, which is several times the length of the body.
Its life history is similar to that of M. lunator and M. greenei
with which it is commonly found associated. The dates of cap-
ture of specimens seen range from June 2 to September 15.
The male of M. atrata differs from the female very markedly
in its color markings. The structural sex differences are the
same in M. atrata as in M. lunator. In general the male has
J. H. MERRILL 129
more yellow upon it than the female. The dark spot on the
face just above the clypeus may or may not be present. The
antennae are dark-brown but lighter beneath toward their tips.
The upper margin of the prothorax is marked by yellow and
this color may in some instances form a border around it, leaving
a polished black spot in the center. Beneath the fore-wing is
a raised yellow spot. Just below it and extending backward
to the mesoepimeron and nearly down to the sternum is a yellow
area. This area maj^ be partly divided into two by a darker
stain running through it. The prescutum is yelloAvish-brown
and from it two bands of yellow or light brown pass backward
over the mesonotum throughout its whole length, and it may be
also more or less completely margined by the same color. A large
yellow spot starts on each side of the metathorax at its upper
margin and extends dorsally, covering the pleura of the propo-
deum and nearly meeting the other on the notum. Jast before
the hinder margin of the notum of the second and sometimes
of the third abdominal segment is a narrow transverse yellow
band. The rest of the abdomen is brownish-black, lighter in
spots. M. atrata may be distinguished from lunator by the
absence of clouded areas in the fore-wings, from M. greenei by
its fusco-hyaline wings, and from nortonii by receiving the recur-
rent nervure in the middle of the areolet.
Megarhyssa canadensis (Cresson)
(Rhyssa canadensis Cresson, Can. Ent., i, 1885, p. 35, 9 .
Location of type.— In the collection of the American Entomo-
logical Society of Philadelphia.
The female of this species is about half an inch long with an ovipositor
slightly longer than the body. The head is dark bro^\-n to black. The facial
orbits are marked with a yellowish-white band interrupted at the point of
insertion of the antennae and ending at the vertex. The posterior orbits
in the hghter colored specimens are marked by a lighter broNvTi. The palpi
are whitish. The dark portion below the antennae is slightly raised medially
and the whole is irregularly, transversely, striated. The antennae are dark
brown becoming lighter and somewhat larger toward their tips.
The thorax is dark brown to black and its sides are clothed with numerous
short, erect, whitish hairs. The tegulae are yellowish -white. The meso-
scutellum and metascuteUum (or postscutellum) are transversely striated.
The sides of the t*horax are highly poUshed and in the mesothorax are densely
punctured. In the hghter specimens the prothorax is marked with a hghter
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
130 PIMPLINE ICHNEUMONIDAE
brown similar to that of the posterior orbits. In the hghter specimens the
rear margin of the mesoscutellum, an oblong spot in the centre of the meta-
Bcutellum and a line on its rear margin are rufous. In the darker specimens
these plates show no color markings. The propodeum is transversely striated
above, punctured below, with a median longitudinal depression extending '
nearly to its posterior margin. The wings are fusco-hyaUne tinged with yellow,
and shghtly more fuscous nervures and stigma except at their base where
they are lighter. The areolet is small, petiolated, with the recurrent nervure
entering at its middle. The legs are pale rufous. The fifth segment of the
anterior and middle tarsi, and the claws are dark. The posterior femur
bears a dark spot at its extremity as does the tibia near its base. The tibia is
darker along its external surface completely enveloping its outer half. The
posterior tarsal segments are darker on their external surface, this dark color
increasing towards the claws, which are all dark.
The abdomen is dark brown to black, transversely aciculated above, these
aciculations bending forward at the sides. The ovipositor is dark brown
with darker sheaths.
The male of this species, from the collection of the U. S. National Museum
(here described for the first time), is shghtly less than half an inch long. The
head is black. The antennae are black at their base but become lighter and
somewhat larger toward their tips. From the base of the antennae down
to the clypeus the face is yellowish-white. This spot is prolonged to the ver-
tex in the form of bands margining the compound eyes.
The thorax is black and poUshed. The sides of the mesothorax and meta-
thorax are densely punctured. The mesoscutellum and metascutellum are
transversely striated. The propodeum is transversely striated except along
the median, longitudinal depression, which extends nearly to its posterior
margin. Its sides are punctured. Nimierous short, erect, whitish hairs clothe
the thorax.
The wings, legs and abdomen are as in the female.
In size and general appearance M. canadensis resembles humida
more closely than the other Megarhyssae but the absence of white
spots on the side of the abdomen would serve to distinguish
it from humida as well as from atrata. Its dark brown to black
color with whitish color markings would distinguish it from
lunator, greenei, nortonii and mexicana.
This species was originally described by Cresson as Rhyssa
canadensis, but the structure of its sternal plates, the fusion of
the pleura and sternum of the second abdominal segment, and the
acutely angled tip of the abdominal segments would seem to
place it in Megarhyssa.
J. H. MERRILL 131
Megarhyssa mexicana (Cresson)
Epirhyssa mexicaiia Cresson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893, p. 394, 9 .
No statement about the types accompanies the description,
but a range in length measurement impHes that more than one
specimen was examined and there are two specimens labeled,
"Type No. 599," from Mexico, in the collection of the American
Entomological Society of Philadelphia.
9 , This species is about an inch long, with an ovipositor a httle longer
than the body. The head is yellow but the mandibles are black. The region
in which the ocelh are imbedded and extending between the compound eyes
is slightly darker than the ground color of the head. Parallel and posterior
to this darkened area is a dark band which nearly encircles the head. The
sutm-e from the compound eyes to the mandibles and extending across the
upper part of the clypeus is also dark. The antemiae are dark brown, except
the under side of the scape which is Ughter colored than the flageUum.
The gromid color of the thorax is pale yellow. The sutures separating the
mesonotum from the prescutum, prothorax and mesoscutellum are dark.
A dark band runs along the center of the prescutum and another on each side
of the mesonotum runs from the prescutum back to the mesoscutellum. The
suture separating the mesothorax from the metathorax and the propodeum
is also dark. The legs are yellow and the tarsi become darker toward the
tarsal claws which are dark brown or black. The suture dividing the posterior
femur from its trochanter is dark. The wings are faintly yellow-hyaline,
clouded at theii- tips and without an areolet in the specimens examined.
The abdomen is yellow, smooth, and ghstening. The tips of the second,
third, fourth, fifth and sLxth segments are each bordered with a black band.
In the remaining segments these bands are nearly obsolete. The ovipositor
is dark brown.
Male unknown.
Distinguishing characters. — Mexicana may be distinguished
from the other species of Megarhyssa by its yellow abdomen
without spots and probably by the absence of the areolet in its
fore wings.
This species was placed in Epirhyssa by Cresson, but the struc-
ture of its sternal plates agrees with those of Megarhyssa and the
presence of the areolet seems to be a variable character in thip
group.
Megarhyssa nortonii (Cresson)
Rhyssa nortonii Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., iii, p. 317, 9 .
Thalessa quebecensis Provancher, Natural Canad., v, 1873, p. 317, 9 cT.
Thalessa nortonii Provancher, Faun. Ent. Canad.; H\'men., 1SS3, p. 445.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
132 PIMPLINE ICHNEUMONIDAE
Type. — In the collection of the American Entomological
Society of Philadelphia.
The female of this species varies from about an inch to an inch and a haK in
length, with an ovipositor about twice the length of the body. The head is
yellow, marked with dark-brown or black. There is a dark band extending
across the upper part of the head between the front margins of the compound
eyes, in which the ocelli are embedded. From this dark band back to the
occiput extends a dark brown to black area, slightly lighter in color than the
transverse band. From the latter, a dark band extends down to the labrum,
where it broadens out, extending to the lower margins of the compound eyes,
and thence downward covering all of the lower part of the head in front.
The antennae are dark brown to black with the scape and pedicel more glis-
tening than the flagellum . The ground color of the thorax varies from brown
to black. There is a yellow spot on the side of the prothorax, another beneath
the wing, on the side of the metathorax, and on the propodeum just above.
In the lighter specimens these propodeal spots may be confluent over the
dorsum. The mesonotmn may be brown with black markings, black with
ferruginous markings, or entirely black. The mesoscutellum has a square
yellow spot in its center and the metascutelliun (generally called postscutellum)
has an oblong yellow spot. The wings are hyaUne, tinged with yellow, giving
a faint violet reflection in some hghts. The stigma is pale-ferruginous. The
legs arg yellow varying with darker shades of the same color. The coxae
vary from dark brown to black. The middle and posterior femora are dark
with their tips yellow, as are also the tibiae. The tips of the tarsal claws are
black. The abdomen is slightly hghter in color than the thorax. Just before
the hinder margin of the notum of the second and also of the third abdominal
segments is a small transverse yellow band. In the darker colored specimens,
reddish-yellow spots are found on the sides of the segments. The spots on the
anterior portion of the abdomen are about in the middle of each segment,
but they gradually move forward, so that in the posterior segments they are
found on the anterior margins. In the lighter colored specimens they are
not distinct and form spots only a little Hghter than their surroundings. On
each side of the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth segments is a yellow
spot, more or less oval in form. The long axis of the spot on the last two
segments is nearly at right angles to the body axis.
In M. nortonii the yellow spots on the sides of the abdomen
are rounded-oval, while in the closely related M. lunator and
M. greenei they form angled bands. In M. nortonii there is a
dark stripe extending from the vertex to and including the man-
dibles, in M. lunator there are two dark lines running from the
antennae to the mandibles, and in M. greenei these lines are
absent. M. nortonii can be distinguished from M. mexicana
in that the latter has a pale-yellow ground color, with black
markings on the abdomen. The wings of the latter are clouded
J. H. MERRILL 133
at the tips, and possess no areolet, neither are there any dark
markings on the face. M. nortonii may be distinguished from
M. atrata, humida, canadensis and nitida by the fact that in these
latter forms the greater part of the surface of the bod}' is black,
with white, yellow, or fuscous body markings.
Megarhyssa nortonii is widely distributed throughout the
United States, Canada, and Alaska. Specimens taken from the
Pacific coast ranging from Alaska down through California,
exhiljit in general much darker color markings than those taken
east of the Rocky Mountains.
Provancher described M. nortonii as Thalessa quehecensis in
1873, but as he applied the identical description to Thalessa
nortonii in 1883, it shows that he recognized that the two were
identical. The dates of capture of specimens seen range from
May 20 to Aug. 7.
Male. Not having seen what he would consider a bona-fide
specimen of a male nortonii, the writer will use a translation of
Provancher's description of a male.^
Male. Length one and one-tenth inches. Differ little from the female.
The poUshed plaque of the two sides of the prothorax is without yeUow spots.
The metathorax is clearer towards its extremity, without spots on the sides
and flanks are of a uniform, shiny red. Segments one and two have a yeUow
band towards the summit. The second segment is the same as that of the
female, bordered with black at both ends and on the sides. The recurrent
nervure is interstitial with the outer transverse cubital.
Megarhyssa lunator (Fabricius)
Idineumon lunator Fabricius, Spec. Insect., i, 1781, p. 4.30, n. 64.
The following references are additions to the Hst given by Dalla Torre:
Lintner, Country Gentleman, July 1883, p. 561.
Harrington, Canadian Entomologist, xix, 1887, p. 206.
Riley, Insect Life, i, 1888-89, p. 168 et seq.
Smith, Insects of New Jersey, 1909, p. 627.
There seems to be no record of the present location of the type
of this species.
9 . The individuals of this sex vary in length from three-quarters of an
inch to an inch and a half, and the ovipositor from an inch and a half to three
and three-quarters inches. The head is yellow with a transverse dark band
on its vertex, in which are inserted the three ocelli. Another dark band behind
the former and running parallel to it, ahiiost encircles the head. A dark line
runs from the base of each antenna to the labrum. The mandibles are dark
brown, stout and bidentate. The antennae are dark brown and slender,
*Le Naturaliste Canadien, v, 1873, p. 445.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
134 PIMPLINE ICHNEUMOXIDAE
The ground color of the thorax and propodeum is j^ellow, varying somewhat
in shade but generally rather Ught. The markings range from yellowish-
brown to black and seem in some places to be situated on the margin of the
scleritcs to quite an extent. The ground color of the legs is yellow, like the
thorax, becoming darker toward the tips. Spots and streaks of brown occur
here and there.
The prescutum which is practically circular in outline is margined with
brown or black, and from its hinder margin a band of this color extends to
the hinder end of the mesoscutum and a broader band narrowing posteriorly,
extends backward on either side. The ground color of the mesoscutum
appears as a pair of longitudinal bands and a narrow margin above the
tegula at each side.
In the fore wing there is a brown, sometimes almost blackish, area covering
the stigma and extending backward across the radial cell, the tip of the cubito-
discoidal cell and frequently more or less involving the areolet. The tip of the
third submarginal cell is also covered by a spot of this kind, less pronounced,
however, than the other.
The abdomen is browTi, varying considerably in shade, with bands and Unes
of yellow. Just in front of the hinder margin of the notum of the second and
also of the third segments is a transverse yeUow band, shghtly bent forward
• at its ends. These yellow bands in the hghter forms are margined with bro\\Ti
distinctly darker than that of the segments as a whole. In the darker form
these margins are not in evidence On the fourth, fifth and sixth segments,
these bands are extended forward almost to the spiracles, then toward the hinder
end and upward, following the general outline of the end of the segments,
the two parts of the band forming an acute angle. These bands are not con-
tinuous across the dorsum, nor are the dark bands which margin them, but
in the eighth segment the yellow band is continuous.
The fusion of the pleura with the sternum of the second abdominal segment
extends from the base of that segment out to, or but shghtly beyond the spira-
cles.
The male lunator differs from the female only in the following respects:
the abdomen of the male is sub-cylindrical throughout and not plow-share
shaped as, in the female. The pleura are extended downward completely
enveloping the sterna of aU but the second, third and a small portion of the
fourth segments. The sterna are not longitudinally divided by a groove and
therefore cannot show the median-sternal projections which may be seen in
the female. There is more variation in the color markings of the male, some
specimens showing a dark spot on the face above the clypeus: just before the
apex of the second and also of the third abdominal segments is a short trans-
verse yellow band, slightly notched at the center of its inner margin. These
bands are the only color markings on the abdomen. This sex may be distin-
guished from the male atrata by the spotted wings, and from nortonii by the
recurrent nervure entering at the middle of the areolet.
Distinguishing Characters. — Lunator may be distinguished from
greenei by the following differences. It has dark lines from the
base of the antennae to the labrum, a dark band parallel to the
J. H. MERRILL 135
one in which the ocelli are imbedded, dark patches on the tips
of its wings, which characters are absent in greeyiei. In lunator
the fusion of the pleura with the sternum of the second abdominal
segment extends to or but slightly beyond the spiracle, while
in greenei it extends as far beyond the spiracle as the distance
between the spiracle and base of the segment. In lunator the
dark bands on the abdominal segments are not continuous
over the dorsum, while they are in greenei. On the eighth seg-
ment of lunator the yellow band is continuous but this condition
does not occur in greenei. In lunator the ovipositors are relatively
longer than in greenei, being from two to two and a half times
the length of the body, and in greenei from one to one and a
half times.
Lunator may be distinguished from nortonii by the shape of
the markings on the 4th, 5th and 6th abdominal segments.
In lunator they are acutely angulated bands, while in nortonii
they are roundish spots. The wings of lunator are hyaline, with
dark spots, while in nortonii they are transparent, fuscous and
with no dark patches. It can be distinguished from mexicana
in that the latter is bright yellow marked with black. The
apical margins of the abdominal segments of mexicana are bor-
dered with black bands continuous over the dorsum. The
areolet of the fore wings of mexicana is absent. It also has a
dark patch on the tip of the fore wing but none in the region of
the stigma. Mexicana has no dark lines from the base of the
antennae to the labrum.
Lunator may be distinguished from atrata, humida, canadensis
and nitida by the fact that in these forms the greater part of
the surface of the body is black with white, yellow or fuscous
body markings.
This species is widely distributed throughout the United
States and Canada. It is found in abundance on trees and logs
which are infested with Tremex, working in company with M.
atrata and M. greenei. They appear earlj'- in the summer and
throughout the whole season may be seen crawling about, seeking
a favorable spot for ovipositions. After laying its egg the insect
is often unable to extricate its ovipositor and is held a prisoner
by it until death. Mr. C. W. Johnson, Curator of the Boston
Society of Natural History, observed a large number of males
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
136 PIMPLTXE ICHXEUMONIDAE
massed together on a log in Maine. He attempted to cap-
ture them with his net, but they all flew away. Returning
to the same spot later, he found the males again assembled there.
This time he reached out and caught a number with his hand.
Upon being examined they were found to be males of both
M. lunator and M. greenei. The female, which later emerged,
proved to be a specimen of M. lunator. Whether there was a
female of M. greenei about to emerge near where the M. lunator
came out, or whether the males are unable to know in advance,
the species to which the emerging insect belongs, is a question.
The dates of capture of the specimens of this species which
have come under my observation range from May 13 to Sep-
tember 30, although these are very probably not the outside
limits.
Megarhyssa greenei Viereck
Megarhyssa greenei Viereck, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., xl, p. 191, 9 cf .
Smith, Insects of New Jersey, 1909, p. 627.
Viereck, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xiii, no. 2, p. 96.
Type.— Cat. No. 13,499, U. S. N. M.
Type locality: Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; female, June 25,
male, August 22, 1908.
Megarhyssa greenei agrees with M. lunator except in the
following details. It has no dark lines extending from the
base of the antennae to the labrum. The band parallel to
the one in which the ocelli are imbedded, which in M. lunator
is dark brown or black, in M. greenei is but slightly darker
than the yellow ground color of the head. There is no
dark patch on the tip of the wings. The fusion of the sternum
and pleura extends about twice as far from the base of the second
abdominal segment as it does in M. lunator, reaching as far
beyond the spiracles as the distance from the base of the segment
to the spiracles. On the abdomen, the black bands which border
the yellow markings are continuous over the dorsum, but the
yellow band on the eighth segment is not continuous. The ovi-
positors are relatively shorter, being only from one to one and
a half times the length of the body.
The description of M. lunator applies to the male of M. greenei
in all respects except those named above.
For characters distinguishing this species from others in the
same genus, see list of distinguishing characters given after
the description of M. lunator.
J. H. MERRILL 137
The dates of capture of specimens seen, range from June 2
to September 25.
The male of M. greenei differs from the female (jreenei in the
same respects as found in lunator, although the color markings
more closely resemble each other in the two sexes than in lunator.
It may be distinguished from the male of lunator by the absence
of the clouded spots in the wing.
Megarhyssa nitida (Cresson)
Rhyssa nitida Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., iii, p. 319, d^ .
Type. — There is one type specimen from Virginia, in the
collection of the American Entomological Society of Philadelphia.
The male of this species is about half an inch long. The head is black.
The antennae are dark, the scape is yellowish-white beneath, and the flagellum
becomes lighter towards its tip. The mandibles are black but the palpi are
yellowish-white. The clypeus is yellowish-white and this color extends
upwards over the face, spreading to the compound eyes; to the base of the in-
sertion of the antennae where it is interrupted, and sometimes to the vertex,
as two yellowish-white bands margining the compound eyes. Behind the
compound eyes are yellowish white bands, stopping just short of the mandibles
and the vertex. The thorax is black. Beginning at the tegula a triangular
shaped white band, which later becomes reduced to a line, passes forward
along the upper border of the prothorax nearly to its middle line. A white
streak appears just above the procoxa. The prescutum and mesonotum are
black, the latter with a pair of fine longitudinal A-ellowish-white lines near
its center. The center of the mesoscutellum has a large yellowish-white
spot on it, nearly divided at its front margin by a dark one. The posterior
margin of the entire plate has a narrow white line. On the metascutellum
(postscutellum) is an oblong white spot. The rear margin of the plate bears
a yellowish-white line. The tegulae and a raised spot beneath the fore wing
are yellowish-white. The metapleurae are pale rufous. The wings are hyaline,
iridescent, with fuscous nervures which are pale at their base. The stigma
is fuscous except its base, which is pale. The areolet is small and petiolated.
The anterior legs are yellowish-white, on the outer side of the tibiae are slightly
darker markings. The extremities of the tarsal segments are darker than
their bases and the claws are dark. The middle coxae are pale rufous, the
trochanters, femora, tibiae, and tarsi are yellowish-white. The tip and a
spot at the base of the femora are dark. The extremities of the tarsal claws
are much darker than in the anterior legs, the last four segments being almost
completely dark, as are the tarsal claws. The posterior coxae aie i^ale rufous,
the trochanters are yellowish-white, with their extremities dark. The femora
are rufous with a dark spot on their outer extremities. The tibiae are lighter
but each has a dark spot on its extremity, and another fainter one near its
base. The first two tarsal segments are yellowish-white, their tips dark, the
third, fourth, and fifth are dark, the claws are rufous. The abdomen is black
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
138 PIMPLINE ICHNEUMONIDAE
and polished. On each side of the third segment is a small yellowish-white
spot: similar spots are found on the remaining segments, increasing in size
up to the fifth, after which they decrease.
$ Unknown.
M. nitida may be distinguished from the rest of the Megar-
hyssae by means of its dark abdomen with the yellowish-white
markings.
In all probability M. nitida is the male form of M. humida as
previously stated.
Habits of Megarhyssa
The following extracts are taken from an article by C. V,
Riley,'' because he gives the best description of the habits of
Megarhyssa.
" . . . In preparing for the act (oviposition) the position
is generally longitudinal or in a line with the axis of the trunk or
branch, the head either up or down. With the abdomen raised
in the air the ovipositor is taken and managed with the hind legs,
and the tip guided by the front tarsi. The two outer sheaths
are used as props and do not enter the wood with the ovipositor
proper. They are generally crossed — a position which gives
additional strength and securit}^ to them. Now, by a movement
from side to side, and by arching the abdomen and bearing upon
the ovipositor she gradually forces this back through the tip
of the abdomen into a membrane which issues from between
the sixth and seventh joints dorsally. There is a wonderful
muscular power in the anal joints, and the ovipositor is forced
back until it forms a perfect coil, so that when the abdomen is
stretched in a straight line to its utmost the ovipositor within
the membrane makes a circle almost as large as a quarter of a
dollar, the anal joint having made a three-fourths turn within
the membrane. In this manner the ovipositor under the venter
has been sufficiently shortened to bring its tip against the bark.
During this operation, however, the outer sheaths, which have
not followed the ovipositor within the menibrane, have been
obliged to make a more or less irregular coil opposite to and in
front of the membrane on the ventral side. Now commences
the operation of boring, and with the wonderful muscular power
in the anal joint and the elasticity of the membrane, the insertion
of the ovipositor goes on quite steadily if the wood be in the
» Insect Life, i, 1888-89, p. 168.
J. H. MERRILL 139
least soft. As the borer enters, the sheaths make a larger and
larger loop on one side of the body, or even a valve on each side.
. . . In withdrawing the ovipositor the reverse action takes
place and the loops of the outer sheaths gradually become
smaller and smaller; the ovipositor is again forced back into the
tough bladder-like membrane between the sixth and seventh
joints dorsally and we have a repetition of the appearance."
The old idea was that the Megarhyssa probed a burrow with
her ovipositor until she came in contact with the larva of a
Tremex, which she pierced and deposited an egg therein. The
observation has also been made that the insect is lignivorous and
not parasitic. Both of these conclusions have been shown to
be false. Riley quotes J. A. Lintner,^'' as follows:
". . . In all instances wdiere I have found the female
depositing, it has been in trees infested with Tremex columha,
and I have found her more numerous on badly affected or injured
trees, or even on stumps or broken trunks already partly decayed.
The instinct to reach the egg or larva of Tremex, so dwelt upon
in popular accounts, is imaginary. She bores directly through
the outer parts of the tree, and doubtless probes for a burrow;
but her egg is consigned anywhere in the burrow; the young larva
seeks its prey, and lives and develops without penetrating the
body of its victim, but fastened to the exterior. This habit
among parasites is much more common than is generally sup-
posed. A great many Rhyssa (i. e. Megarhyssa) larvae doubtless
perish without finding food, and a great many females die in
probing for a burrow, especially when they burrow through wood
that is sound and hard. "
In this same paper, Riley in speaking of some personal observa-
tions, says, ''. . . We examined the burrows very carefully
and found Thalessa (i. e. Megarhyssa) in all stages at that time —
larvae, pupae of both sexes, and imagines of both sexes within
the tree — the larvae being of various sizes and invariably external
to the Tremex: i. e. not within, but holding on to its victim and
sucking the latter's life away, without in any case entering the
body."
The insect remains within the tree until it becomes adult, then
it gnaws its way to the surface and escapes. The males usually
" Country Gentleman, xlix, 1S84, p. 331.
«
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
140 PIMPLINE ICHNEUMONIDAE
appear first. W. H. Harrington" has given a series of obser-
vations made in June, 1887, in which he showed that the males
having issued first, awaited the females, and were able to locate
the spot at which a given female would emerge, some time before
she made her appearance. In one instance which he records,
a particular spot was crowded with males for two days before
the female emerged, and even then, she was assisted by the
removal of the bark by the observer. The males, in waiting,
make every effort to reach the female, inserting the tips of their
abdomen into crevices in the bark. On emerging the female
is instantly seized, the legs of the male clasping the yet unused
wings and abdomen, thus preventing her from flying.
Genus RHYSSA Gravenhorst
Rhyssa Gravenhorst, Ichneum. Europ., iii, 1829, p. 260.
Epirhyssa Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., iv, 1865, p. 39.
Pararhyssa Walsh, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, v, 1873, p. 109.
Rhyssa Riley, Ins. Life, i, 1888-9, p. 169 (habits).
Rhyssa Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., iii, 1901-2, p. 482.
Epirhyssa Schmiedeknecht, Gen. Ins., fasc. 62, 1907, p. 59.
Rhyssa Schmiedeknecht, Gen. Ins., fasc. 62, 1907, p. 62.
Rhyssa Ramsey, The Entom., xlvii, 1914, ]■>. 20 (habits).
Genotype: Ichneumon persuasorms Linn.
Rhyssa, a primitive and widespread genus, occurs both in
America and Europe. In North America it is found from
Alaska to Mexico and from the Pacific to the Atlantic coast,
and is also found on the island of Cuba. There are two records
of fossil Rhyssae being found, one in the Lower Miocene and the
other in the Oligocene.^^ It occurs under such a variety of
climates and conditions that considerable variation both in
color and structural characters is found. It would seem as though
it were trying to break up into a number of races and thence
to species, but its variations have not become fixed to such an
extent that they may be considered as permanent. Rhyssa
persuasoria, the oldest described species of this genus, was de-
scribed by Linnaeus; since there have been several new species
described, in some instances from a single specimen, but the
amount of variation is so great that it does not seem safe to
accept as a new species, one described from a single specimen.
" Can. Ent. xix, 1887, p. 206.
'2 Scudder, Tert. Insect, t. 10, 1890, p. 19.
J. H. MERRILL 141
In 1864, Cresson described Rhyssa alhomaculata. He separated
this species from R. persuasoria on the grounds that the former
had a white band on its antennae, a slight difference in color
markings and a small petiolated areolet, but as specimens occur
with white banded antennae and areolets similar to those with
black antennae and vice versa, and as there is a great range in
both thoracic and abdominal markings which do not adhere
always to the antennal or areolet differences, it would seem that
R. alhomaculata is really R. persuasoria. R. skinneri Viereck
is described from one specimen, mainly upon structural characters,
with some difference in color markings, but in R. persuasoria
there is a marked variability in structural as well as in color
markings. The clypeus may range from pointed to truncate,
the face may be medially elevated and smooth or striated or
the whole face may be elevated. There is considerable variation
' in the puncturing and rugulose characters of the thorax. The
notum of the propodeum may or may not have a medial-longi-
tudinal depression. As for the differences in color it would
seem that no dependence could be placed upon them, and that
Rhyssa skinneri will probably prove to be a synonym. Rhyssa
ala&kensis was described by Ashmead from one specimen. The
description of this species will apply equally well to Rhyssa
persuasoria and it will probably prove to belong to the latter
species.
Table to Species of Rhyssa
1 . Face elevation longitudinally rugulose skinneri Viereck
2. Face elevation not longitudinally rugulose persuasoria Linnaeus
Rhyssa skinneri Viereck
Rhyssa skinneri Viereck, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxix, 1903, p. 87, 9.
Type. — In collection of Acad, of Nat. Sci. Phila., from Beulah,
New Mexico, Aug. 17, 1901, (H. Skinner).
"Face rugulose; mesonotum almost uniformly transversely striate, the
striae not apparently gibbose. Raised line separating metanotum and pleura
poorly defined, being obsolete below the spiracles. Length, 23 mm., face
somewhat elevated medially, the elevation rather longitudinally rugulose,
sides and anterior margins of the face, polished and moderately sparsely jjunc-
tured. Clypeus highly pohshed, distinctly produced to a point medially, and
with a row of deep punctures. Cheeks polished, almost impunctate. Dor-
sulum transversely striate, the striae delicate but well defined posteriorly.
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
142 PIMPLINE ICHNEUMONIDAE
Carina on anterior haK of mesopleura becoming indistinct half way upon the
pleura, strongly striato-punctate, the superior half, highly polished. Scutellum
flattened, transversely striate. ^Sletanotum with a sUght median longitudinal
impression, deUcately, transversely sculptured, laterally shining, rugulose; me-
tapleura pohshed, sparsely punctured, rugulose on the superior margin. Wings
hyaline, with a brown cast, nervures and stigma dark brown, second recurrent
nervure interstitial with the second transverse cubitus. Dorsal abdominal
segments finely transversely sculptured, having a satiny luster. Ovipositor
about 29 mm. in length. Black, a line from malar space to apex of the eye,
a band on the superior border of the propleurae, a spot below on the tubercle,
a spot on the anterior coxae, greater part of the tegulae, a large spot beneath,
a small spot on the mesopleurae, a spot on the medial coxae, a short line to
the sides and apex of first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth, and a lateral
line on the seventh dorsal segments, white. Greater part of four anterior
legs (excluding coxae) ochraceous. Apex of first, all of second trochanters and
the femora of posterior legs ferruginous; the tibiae and tarsi dark brown.
Described from one female specimen "closely related to R. persuasoria but
distinguished by the difference in sculpture, very distinct in coloration."
As the writer has never seen the type of this species, the original
description by Viereck is here given.
Rhyssa persuasoria (Linnaeus)
Ichneumon persuasoria Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 1758, p. 256, n. 67.
Cryptocentrum lineolatum Kirby, Fauna Bor. Amer., iv, 1837, p. 260.
Rhyssa albomaculata Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., iii, 1864, p. 318.
Rhyssa (Pararhyssa) albimaculata Walsh, Trans. Acad. St. Louis, iii, 1873,
p. 109.
Cryptocentrum lineolatum Kirby, Can. Ent., ix, 1877, p. 150.
Epirhyssa crevieri Provancher, Nat. Canad., xii, 1880, p. 17.
Rhyssa persuasoria Riley, Insect Life, i, 1888-89, p. 169.
Rhyssa albomaculata Hopkins, Bull. 32, West Va. Exp. Sta., 1893, p. 217.
Rhyssa persuasoria Morley, The Entomologist, xhi, 1909, p. 133, note.
Rhyssa persuasoria Morley, The Entomologist, xliii, 1910, p. 243.
.^ Rhyssa alaskensis Ashmead, Harr. Alaska Exp., ix, 1910, p. 205.
Type. — Location unknown. Type of Cryptocentrum lineo-
latum in British Museum.
The female of this species is from about half an inch to nearly an inch in
length. Its color markings are also very variable. The head is dark brown
to black. In most instances the orbits of the compound eyes are white,
rarely interrupted at the vertex, and extending downward as far as the clypeus
on each side of the eye. In some specimens there is a white band just above
the clypeus connecting the lower ends of the bands of the facial orbits, in
others the lower part of the face below the antennae and above the clypeus
is white. The clypeus may be pointed or vary toward truncate. Below the
antennae the face may be raised centrally or entirely, and its surface may be
J. H. MERRILL 143
smooth or striated. The antennae are dark brown to black. Some are all
black, some have a suggestion of white, some one or two segments that are
white, while in others there may be a number of distinct, white segments
forming a band on the antennae. The individuals having this last-named
characteristic have been regarded by some as forming a separate species,
Rhyssa albomamdata.
The thorax is dark brown to black. There is a variable amount of thoracic
punctures and striations. The prothorax is bordered above and below with
a varying amount of white. In some the sides of the prothorax have such an
amount of white that the dark ground color only shows as a spot in the center.
The mesonotum is immaculate. On the center of the mesoscutellum is a
square white spot, and usually there is a white Une on the rear margin of the
entire plate. There is an oblong white spot on the center of the metascutellum
(postscutellmn) and this plate may or may not have its rear margin marked
by a white line. The tegulae and a raised spot beneath the fore wings are
always white. On the mesopleuron just below the attachment of hind wing
is a white spot and another just above and in front of the middle coxae. The
size of these spots is variable and they may even coalesce, margming the post-
erior border of the mesopleuron. There is a variable white spot on the side
of the metathorax and another just above it on the propodeum. In some
specimens there is a median longitudinal depression on the notum of the pro-
podeum; in others it is suggested, while in some it is absent. The wings are
hyaUne sometimes tinged with yellow. The nervures and stigma are fuscous
except at their base, where they are paler. The shape, size, and even the pres-
ence of the areolet are variable. The recurrent nervure is usually interstitial
with the outer transverse cubital nervure. In some the latter nervure is
present and assists in forming the areolet, in others but a stub of it remains
while in some cases it is absent. In some cases the areolet is petiolated,
receiving the recurrent nervure in its middle. The legs vary from light yellow
to rufous, the coxae from white to black with white spots. In general the
posterior legs are darker than the others. The color is even more variable
in the legs than in the thorax. The abdomen is dark brown to black, lustrous,
and finely, transversely aciculated above. The lower borders of the pleura
of the second segment are each margined with a white band, which bends
upward at its posterior margin and usually meets its fellow of the opposite
side, above. The third segment is sunilarly marked except that the bands do
not quite meet above. Usually on the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh seg-
ments these bands are interrupted so that a spot is formed on the upper
side of the pleuron, while its lower border remains marked with a white band.
In some, the spot and band are connected on the seventh segment. On the
last segment the white marking is continuous along the posterior margin but
does not meet its fellow above. This line is not always continuous. The
ovipositor is shghtly longer than the body, dark brown to black, with darker
colored sheaths.
The male differs from the female in that the face below the antennae is
whiter and the anterior coxae and femora are lighter colored.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
144 PIMPLINE ICHNEUMONIDAE
I have not seen the type of Rhyssa skinneri Viereck, as already-
stated, but from the description, it does not seem impossible
that it may be a form of this species.
Habits of Rhyssa
The Rhyssae by means of their ovipositors bore into trees
infested with borers and there deposit their eggs. They are
primary parasites on Sirex, Monohammus and Urocerus cyaneus.
As their life from hatching to adult is spent within the trunks
of trees, it has made a study of their history practically impossible.
It has been generally assumed that they were external parasites,
but H. J. Erne ^^ gives an account of raising Rhyssa from Sirex.
According to him the eggs were laid within the larvae. It has
been clearly shown that in the closely related genus Megarhyssa,
the eggs are external to the larvae. The tip of the ovipositor
is constructed for sawing into wood and not for piercing other
insects. It does not seem probable that the members of one
genus live as external while those of so similar a genus should live
as internal parasites. Yet the only published evidence that has
been found asserts that Rhyssa live as internal parasites. Erne's
observations will be given here though their accuracy is doubted.
"In studying Serropalpiis I had an opportunity to observe
Pimpla persuasoria. The eggs of Pimpla were usually laid in
the larva of a species of Sirex, which were very inactive on that
account, and did not put up any resistance. After they hatched
the little larva remained in the Sirex larva until the latter died.
The larva of Pimpla had by this time attained a size of two or
three lines.
"They left the Sirex larva after it was dead, and from time
to time fed on the remains. If the Sirex larva is large the Pimpla
larva has food enough, but if it is small, the food supply is not
sufficient, and since the Pimpla does not try any other nourish-
ment it dies in the wood. Frequently the Sirex larva with the
parasite larva in its body, penetrates deeply into the wood, so
that the developed Pimpla has to bite its way out of the wood
from a depth of two lines in order to get free. For a space of
three days it thus works itself forward; if it does not get free
in three days its strength' becomes weakened and it dies in the
" Mittheil. Schweiz. Entom. Gesell., iv, 1876, p. 9, p. 518.
J. H. MERRILL 145
wood. If one would rear the larva of a Pwipla persuasoria, one
must give it the remains of the same larva for nourishment in
which it was hatched."
Riley says ^•^ that Ratzeburg states that both Nordlinger and
himself raised Rhyssa persuasoria from Sirex spectrum, but does
not give any details of his observations nor does he state that
the parasite in ovipositing pierces the wood-boring grub.
The subject of the habits of Rhyssa is by no means a clear
one, and it awaits some worker who will be fortunate enough
to observe its complete life history.
The genus Rhyssa Gravenhorst, has its clypeus medially
lengthened or unidentate and its abdominal segments rounded
at the apices. The sternal plate of the second abdominal
segment is not fused with the pleura. The projections of the
sternal plates on either side of the mid-ventral groove are placed
about mid-way between the base and apex of each segment.
The sternal plate of the second abdominal segment is composed
almost wholly of chitin. The ovipositors of Rhyssa are but
little longer than the body, consequently they do not need the
membrane which is used by Megarhyssa in forcing its long ovi-
positor into the wood.
Since the above was written an article has appeared on the
habits of oviposition by Rhyssa by L. N. G. Ramsay,^-'' as follows:
"The remarkable insects of the genus Rhyssa have for long
been known to prey on the wood-boring larvae of Siricidae,
introducing their eggs into the tunnels of the latter by means of
their enormously elongated ovipositor. The ovipositor is some-
times even found sticking in a »S/re.r-infested log (as, for example,
the specimens exhibited in the insect gallery at South Kensing-
ton), but, I understand, the manner in which the insect contrives
to insert this unwieldy appliance into the tree-trunk has not
hitherto been fully described. I hope, therefore, that the follow-
ing account may be of interest to entomologists.
"The event described was witnessed in the summer of 1909,
while I was staying in the southern part of the Black Forest,
to the west of the Wehratal. On the afternoon of August 29th,
" Insect Life, i, 1888-89, p. 1G9.
15 The Entomologist, xlvii, p. 20, f. U, (1914).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
146 PIMPLINE ICHNEUMONIDAE
while skirting a wood — the very finest conifers of the Black
Forest flourish in this locality — I happened to pause beside a pile
of small pine logs, and as I stood there one of these extraordinary
insects appeared and settled on one of the logs. I will quote
verbatim from my notes written the same day: — 'It sat still for
some time, and then began to walk about, feeling every hole
and (p. 21) corner in the rough bark with its long antennae.
After a minute or two of this it stopped, and drew up its long
body, doubling the long black ovipositor underneath itself;
it had to hitch itself up several times before it got the long needle
into position underneath, with the tip in a crevice. Then it
gripped the bark with its claws and gradually thrust the ovipositor
about half an inch into the bark, then suddenly flew away, per-
haps because it had completed laying the eggs, perhaps because
I had gone too close. . . .
"Immediately after, I made the rough sketches of the beast
which accompany this note. These are probably a little larger
than life, although the insect was a very large one. I noted that
the abdomen was black and white, the legs pale, and the antennae
black.
"At the time I was unaware of the insect's identity, but on
seeing the specimens of Rhyssa exhibited at the Natural History
Museum this year, I at once recognized my old acquaintance,
and comparison of the other species of the genus in the cabinet
collections there leaves little, if any doubt, that this was R.
persuasoria.
"The figures will help to indicate the manner in which the
insect succeeded in bringing its unwieldy ovipositor to bear on
the log. As mentioned above, these were drawn before I left
the spot (with the exception of the second, which I have added
now to make the action clearer), and they are reproduced without
any change from my original rough drawings. As the insect
had already taken its departure, they are necessarily crude, as
it was the only example of its kind on which I had ever set eyes.
For this and for their obvious artistic defects I shall make no
further apology, as they are merely intended to convey the
manner in which the insect accomplished its object."
Sharp ^^ figures (after Riley) the allied genus Thalessa (now
'^ Cambridge Natural History, Insects, pt. i, p. 554, 1895.
J. H. MERRILL 147
Megarhijssa) in the act of oviposition, and states that in both
these genera the ovipositor is ''brought into use by being bent
on itself over the back of the insect, so as to bring the tip ver-
tically clown onto the wood, through which it is then forced by
a series of efforts; the sheaths do not enter the wood."
It is evident that this description does not tally with the
foregoing observations on Rhyssa. The insect figured by Sharp
follow^s his statements in having its long ovipositor bent on itself,
out of its normal and approximately straight form, into an almost
complete circle. From purely physical considerations, is it not
a little difficult to understand how a non-muscular structure
could be curved at will in this way? The possibility suggests
itself to the present writer that the insect there figured, after
having inserted its ovipositor in the manner described in this
note for Rhyssa, may have pivoted its body through an angle
of 180° around the flexible fixed ovipositor, in its efforts to thrust
the latter into an unusually resistant piece of wood. This might
easily happen through the insect's shifting its feet again and
again to obtain a better purchase, and would explain the whole
matter very simply, as the ovipositor in such a case would natu-
rally assume the position figured.
There can be no doubt at all that Mr. Ramsay's notes refer
to R. persuasoria (Linnaeus), which has an extremely wide dis-
tribution through Europe to Canada and the United States in
the West, and the Himalayas in the East, since it is to the best
of my knowledge the only species attacking phytophagous larvae.
R, approximator (Fabricius), is said by Holmgren to attack
Xyphydria prolongata, which feeds in oaks; and there are several
interesting accounts of the American species' economy ^^ and Har-
rington has^^ put on record "The Nuptials of Thalessa." jMr.
Ramsay appears to take it for granted that these insects bore
for themselves an egg-passage through the solid wood; but it is
by no means proved that they do not oftener introduce them
along the tunnel of the host larva. ^^
" Canad. Entom., xi, 1879, p. 15 etc.
18 L. c. xLx, p. 206.
19 Cf. Morley, Ichn. Brit., iii, p. 25, and Revision Ichn. Brit. Mus. ii, p. 10
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
148 PIMPLINE ICHNEUMONIDAE
Genus APECHONEURA Kreichbaumer
Apechoneura Kreichbaumer, Ann. Naturli. Mus. Wien, v, 1890, p. 485.
Apechoneura Schmiedeknecht, Genera Insectorum, Fasc. 62, 1907, p. 60.
Apechoneura Morley, Rev. Ichneumon Brit. Mus., ii, 1913, pp. 3, 22, 23.
Genotype: Rhyssa terminalis BruUe.
The head is square with a distinct carina between the antennae.
The antennae are long and filiform. The mesonotum is trans-
versely rugose. The propodeum is distinctly areolated anteriorly,
but posteriorly is less distinctly so. The transverse median
nervure is straight, not broken. The sub-discoidal nervure origi-
nates from the median vein far beyond the apex of the sub-median
cell. The areolet in the fore-wing is trapezoidal or three cor-
nered, sessile, or shortly petiolated. The abdomen is long and
cylindrical, with an ovipositor as long or longer than the body.
The largest species usually have a dark spot in the tip of the
wing.
Table to Species
This table is taken from Morley's Revision of Ichneumonidae,
Part II. The types of these two species are in the British Mu-
seum, and therefore Mr. Morley has had an opportunity to ex-
amine them. Not having seen Mocsary's paper -" I am unable
to include his species.
Abdomen with only a discal line black nigritarsis Cameron
Abdomen black and flavous, not at all red carinifrons Cameron
Apechoneura nigritarsis (Cameron)
Rhyssa nigritarsis Cameron, Biol. Cent.-Am., Hymen., i, 1886, p. 260, 9 .
Rhyssa nigritarsis Schmiedeknecht, Gen. Ins., Fasc. 62, 1907, p. 63.
Apechoneura nigritarsis Morley, Rev. Ichneumon., ii, 1913, p. 23.
Type. — In the British Museum.
"Fulvo testacea; antennis, mesonoto (medio-excepto), linea metanoti,
abdomine, supra tarsisque, nigris; alls hyaUne, apice fumata. Habitat,
Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui at 2000-4000 ft.
"Length 22 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, stout, gradually
thickened towards the apex; the base testaceous on the lower side. Head,
if anything, broader than the mesothorax, the face strongly punctured, the
clypeus obscurely, transversely, striated, with two deep shining black depres-
sions above the antennae, separated by a thin, rather sharp partition, vertex
punctured in front, laterally behind the ocelli aciculated; mandibles black
20 Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungar., iii, 1905.
J. H. MERRILL 149
at the apex. Pronotum reaching to near the top of the head, rising rather
perpendicularly in front; the mesonotum projects a little over it, and rises
from the scutellum to the apex, which has a distinct margin; the margin pro-
jects upward in the center and is depressed in the middle. Mesonotum
transversely striated as usual and with a longitudinal furrow on each side of
the apical three-fourths, scutellum shining, obscurely punctured, broader
than long, shghtly narrower towards the apex. Pleurae shining, obscurely
punctured, a longish longitudinal hoUow in the middle. The mesonotum is
black except laterally in front and down the center. Scutellum testaceous,
the sutures black. There is a longish black mark under the fore-wings;
the base and apex of the metanotum, and a broad line down its center are
black. The longish curved spiracles are bordered with black. Metanotum
shining, impunctate, a curved transverse keel runs across its center and an
obhque one from the spiracles to the apex. Abdomen shining, somewhat com-
pressed, black above, the apex pilose, in the center of the penultimate segment
is a somewhat triangular depression, covered with a white membrane; the
last segment above forms a projecting thickly pilose lobe; on the lower side
it projects more and ends in two horny processes which clasp the ovipositor
Ovipositor nearly three times longer than the body, white at the apex. Legs
shining, the hind coxae black at the base on the lower side. Areolet large,
triangular, receiving the recurrent nervure in the middle." Original descrip-
tion from Cameron.
Apechoneura carinifrons (Cameron)
Rhyssn carinifrons Cameron, Biol. Cent.-Am., Hymen., i, 1886, p. 261, 9 d^ .
Apechoneura carinifrons Schmiedeknecht, Gen. Ins., Fasc. 62, 1907, p. 60.
Apechoneura carinifrons Morley, Rev. Ichneumon., ii, 1913, p. 24.
Type. — In the British Museum.
"Testacea, nigro varia, antennis nigris, medio apicique subtus testaceis;
pedibus rufo-testaceis; basis et apice coxarum posticarum, apice femorum,
dimidio apicali tibiarum posticarum tarsisque, nigris; ahs hyahne, apice
fumato. Habitat, Nicaragua.
"Antennae as long as the body, the base, the middle narrowly and the apex
(except the extreme point), testaceous on the lower side. Face transversely
punctured, the vertex impunctate, a distinct keel (separating the antennal
depression) runs down from the ocelli to a little below the base of the antennae ;
eyes margined, especially on the inner side and above; testaceous, the mandi-
bles, the antennal depressions, a broad transverse band on the vertex enclosing
the ocelli and the hind region, black. Thorax formed as in nigritarsis,
testaceous; the mesonotum (except a broad mark on the center), the sutures,
the base of the metanotum broadly, the sides of the prothorax in front, a
large mark on the mesopleura, and the metaplcura close to the sternum, black.
In the center of the metanotum two short keels run from the transverse keel,
forming a somewhat square area. Abdomen black; the ventral surface, a
longish mark at the base of the first segment in the center, its apex and the
apices of the other segments broadly testaceous. The middle coxae are black
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
150 PIMPLINE ICHNEUMONIDAE
beneath, the hind coxae are black on the lower side at the base and bear a
longer black mark on the apex above, on the inner side they are entirely
black except a small testaceous spot; the hind femora are infuscate toward
the apex, and more than the apical half of the hind tibiae is black, tarsi black,
testaceous in the middle. What appears to be the male from Panama differs
from the specimens from Nicaragua in having a broad white band on the
antennae close to the apex and the yellow on the head and legs brighter in
tint; there is no black on the coxae nor are the hind femora infuscate toward
the apex; the black on the hind is only on the outer side; and the abdomen
is broadly dilated laterally at the apex."
This species was originally described by Cameron as Rhyssa
carinifrons but in the Genera Insectorum it is placed in Apecho-
neura, probably on account of the carina between the antennae
and its areolated propodeum.
Genus PSEUDORHYSSA new genus
Genotpye: Pseudorhyssa siernaia new species.
This genus is characterized by its abdominal sterna being
entire instead of being separated by a median longitudinal groove.
It has an areolated propodeum consisting of three areas. The
nota of the second and third abdominal segments are laterally
bordered with a ridge forming a depression, which is not found in
the other Pimplini genera which have the transversely rugose
mesonotum. There is no carina between the antennae.
Pseudorhyssa sternata new species
Tijpe: 9 ; Toronto, Ontario, Canada. August 20, 1892. Col-
lection of the American Entomological Society, Type No. 4007.
Six paratypes in same collection.
The females of this species range from three-quarters of an inch up to an
inch and a quarter in length. The head is black, polished, and slightly punc-
tured. The clypeus varies in outline from unidentate to bidentate. Below
the antennae the face is brown marked by two parallel longitudinal yellow
bands, which extend from the base of the antennae to the clypeus. On the
base of each mandible is a yellow spot. The clypeus is rufous at its base and
darker at its tip. The palpi are yellowish-white marked with black. The
antennae are dark brown to black, and the scape has a yellow spot beneath.
The thorax is black and bears a number of short, erect, whitish hairs. The
pronotum is deeply excavated on both sides, highly polishetl and ahnost
impunctate. The first thoracic spiracle is bordered with yellow and this
color may extend forward for a short distance on the upper border of the
pronotum. The tegulae are yellow. The mesonotum is flat on top and is
separated from the prescutum, only by two short parallel longitudinal grooves
along its anterior portion. Posteriorly the prescutum is continuous with the
J. H. MERRILL 151
mesonotum, the transverse rugulae of the latter passing over the former in a
continuous hne. The anterior portion of the prescutum is punctured.
The mesopleura are smooth, poUshed on their superior portions, punctured
and clothed with short white hairs on theii* inferior portions. A short groove
extends forward on the mesopleura from the mesoepimeron, starting at a
point about two-thirds of the distance from its base to its apex. The meso-
scutellum and metascutellum are smooth on their sides, with obhque to longi-
tudinal striations, their centers are punctured and clothed with hairs. The
metathorax is smooth, slightly punctm'ed and clothed with short, white hairs.
The propodeum is coarsely punctured, except for a dorsal area enclosed by
ridges, which is pohshed and but sUghtly punctured. These ridges start at,
or near the base of the segment, pass posteriorly, as two gradually diverging
straight lines for about two-thirds its length, where they become circularly
dilated to such an extent, that at their posterior extremities they reach to
the lateral margins of the notum, thus forming three areolated areas on the
propodeum. The wings are hyaline, tinged with yellow, the nervures and
stigma are dark brown except at their base, where they are lighter. The
recurrent nervure is interstitial with the outer transverse cubitus. The legs
are rufous, paler beneath. The tarsal segments are sometimes darker towards
the tarsal claws, which are also dark. The postexior femora each have a
dark spot on its extremity. The posterior tarsi are darker than the others.
The abdomen is coarsely punctured and irregularly wrinkled. The notum of
the second abdominal segment is laterally bordered with a strong ridge. From
each anterior extremity of the notum extends a ridge to its apex. These
ridges gradually converge and enclose a median longitudinal channel, which
at its base is polished and impunctate but becomes coarsely punctured
and irregularly wrinkled. From this depression a number of transverse
wrinkles extend to the lateral margins of the notum. The pleura of this
segment are coarsely punctured and do not fuse with the notum. There is a
small obtusely rounded projection on the outer margin of the segment at the
point where the ridges end. This projection is bordered by a rufous streak.
The notum of the third segment has transversely wrinkled, oblique depressions
ext.ending from either side of the projecting lobe of the second segment out-
ward to the lateral margin of the notum. The rest of the notum is coarsely
punctured and irregularly wrinkled, except a raised portion at the truncate,
outer margin which is finely punctured. The sternal plates are not divided
by a median longitudinal groove, consequently there are no mid-ventral
projections. This segment, as are also the fourth, fifth, and sixth, is bordered
with a rufous band. The remaining segments are coarsely punctured and
irregularly wrinkled on their nota. The fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth
segments have truncate outer margins laterally, with slight emarginations
on their nota. The ovipositor is longer than the body, dark brown but
lighter at its tip, with darker colored sheaths.
This specie.s is described from seven specimens, one each from
"Maine," "Colorado" and "Toronto, Canada," and four from
"Washington Territorj-. " It may be distinguished from Megar-
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
152 PIMPLINE ICHNEUMONIDAE
hyssa, Rhyssa, and Epirhyssa by its entire abdominal sterna,
areolated propodeum, and by the excavations on the nota of the
second and third abdominal segments, and may be distinguished
from Apechoneura by the absence of a carina between its antennae.
Unlocated Species
Thalessa ? histrio Kreichljaumer
Thalessa? histrio Kriechbaumer, Ann. Naturh. Hof-Mus., Wien., v, p.
487, cf.
"Head, thorax, and feet black, varied with rufo-flavous, abdomen rufous,
base black segments 1 and 2 banded, 3 on both sides, apical spots flavous.
Wings hyaline, stigma flavous, this sunken triangular spot and apex of the
wings fuscous, areola wanting. Length, 13 mm. Because of the absence of
the areola perhaps forming a proper genus, which I have omitted to establish
since the female as yet unknown might fail to show the very imperfect charac-
teristic marks. Head flavous, apex of mandibles, eyes, occipital bands be-
neath on both sides reddish, ocellar region, the line on the vertex joined with
it, and antennae black, of this the first two segments beneath, the upper line
and two facial sutures rufous. Thorax black, nearly the whole margin of
the anterior pleura, pronotum, two longitudinal striae and two punctures
before the mesonotum, striae below the wings, tegulae, scutellvma, postscutel-
lum, three lateral metathoracic spots, tip of dorsum near place of junction,
slightly golden-yellow. Nearly the whole of the anterior coxae, the posterior
above and on the sides flavous, summit angulated and below fuscous, anterior
trochanter flavous, dark punctured, posterior ones fuscous, top flavous or
rufous, hind part more or less fulvous, in front flavous, above rufous, bended,
on both sides, posteriorly below fuscous lined, posterior rufous, top flavous,
anterior tibiae and tarsi flavous, posterior rufous, base of exlerior radial nervure
of wing irregularly bent. Forceps on the last anal segment short on top,
simimit triangularly greatly impressed, segments straight. Ends of segments
abruptly truncated.
Habitat: White Mountains."
J. H. MERRILL 153
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
Plate XII
Fig. 1. — Antenna of Megarhyssa lunator.
Fig. 2. — Maxilla of Megarhyssa lunalor.
C — cardo. Gr— galea. L — lacinia. P — palpus. S — stipes.
Fig. 3. — Head of Megarhyssa lunator.
CE — compound e3'e. CL — clypeus. GE — gena. L — labrum. MD —
mandible.
Fig. 4. — Mandible of Megarhyssa lunator.
Fig. 5. — Dorsal view of thorax of Megarhyssa lunator.
Fig. 6. — Lateral view of thorax of Megarhyssa lunator.
a2 — second abdominal segment, cxl — procoxa. cx2 — mesocoxa. cx.3 —
metacoxa. epm2 — mesoepimeron. epmS — metaepimeron. epsl — proepi-
sternum. eps2 — mesoepisternum. eps3 — metaepisternum. nl — pronotum.
ppct2 — prepectus. psc2 — prescutum. sp — spiracle. scl2 — mesoscutellum.
sclS — metascutellum. sct2 — mesoscutum. sct3 — metascutum. tg — tegula.
tsp — thoracic spiracle.
Plate XIII
Fig. 1. — Abdomen of Megarhyssa lunator.
Fig. 2. — Sternal plate of abdomen of Megarhyssa.
Fig. 3. — Sternal plate of abdomen of Rhyssa.
Fig. 4. — Second abdominal segment of Rhyssa.
Fig. 5. — Second abdominal segment of Megarhyssa.
Fig. 6. — Hind leg of Megarhyssa hmator.
Fig. 7. — Fore leg of Megarhyssa lunator.
Plate XIV
Fig. 1. — Fore wing of Megarhyssa lunator according to Snodgrass.
1 — costal vein. 2 — sub-costal vein. 3 — radial vein. 4 — median or ex-
terno-median vein. 5 — anal, sub-median or interno-median vein. 7 — basal
vein. 9 — cubital vein. 11 — transverse cubital vein. 12 — transverse cubital
vein. 13 — transverse medial vein. 14 — discoidal vein. 15 — subdiscoidal
vein. 16 — first recurrent vein. 17 — second recurrent vein. 19 — stigma.
Fig. 2 — Fore wing of Megarhyssa lunator according to Cresson.
a — costal and sub-costal nervures blended, b — externo-mcd'al nervure.
c — anal nerviire. d — basal nervure. e — marginal or radial nervure. f—
first transverse cubital nervure. g — second transverse cubital nervure.
h — transverse medial nervure. i — abbreviated cubital or stump of ner\-ure.
j — discoidal nervure. k — cubital nervure. 1 — recurrent nervure. m — sub-
discoidal nervure. n — stigma.
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
154 PIMPLINE ICHNEUMONIDAE
Fig. 3. — Hind wing of Megarhyssa lunator.
a — costal nervure. b — sub-costal nervure. c — externo-medial nervure.
d — anal nervure. e — marginal or radial nervure. g — discoidal nervure.
h — transverse medial nervure. i — transverse cubital nervure.
Fig. 4 — Fore wing of Megarhyssa lunator.
Fig. 5 — Hind wing of Megarhyssa limator.
a — anal, c — costa. d — cu. cubitus, r — radius. sc — sub-costa. m —
medius.
Trans. Am. Eut. Soc, \o\. XL].
ri. XH.
PSC2 SCT2
3
SCI2 SCtj SClj
epni2 psci,
5 ^
P^^^ tspt. ,,,^ ,,^^ ^^^^ p^^,^
MERRILL- PIMPLINE ICHNEUMONIDAE
Trans. Am. Eiit. Soc, Vol. X]J.
PI. XIII.
MERRILL — PIMPLINE ICHNEUMONIDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, \o\. XLI.
I'l. XIV
CU, >lj CI + A ^ ,M,
C ^ SC R ^ Al
RS - M
MERRILL PIMPL I NE ICHNEUMONIDAE
REHN AND HEBARD 155
STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE
(ORTHOPTERA)
V
BY JAMES A. G. REHN AND MORGAN HEBARD
A SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS
CONOCEPHALUS (XIPHIDIUM OF AUTHORS)
FOUND IN NORTH AMERICA NORTH OF
MEXICO^
CONOCEPHALUS Thunberg
1815. Conocephalus Thunberg, ]\lem. Acad. Imp. .Sci. St. Petersbourg, v,
p. 271.
1829. Anisoptera LatreiUe, Regne Anim., Ed. 2, v. p. 184.
1831. Xiphidion Sen-ille, Ann. Sci. Xat., xvii, p. 159.
1838. Xiphidium Burmeister, Handb. Entom., ii, abth. ii, pt. i, p. 707.
1869. PaloUa F. Walker, Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus., ii, p. 249.
1912. Conocephalus Karny, Gen. Ins., Orth., Subf. Conocephalinae, p. 8.
Genotype (by tautonymy). — Conocejjhalus heniiptenis Thun-
berg =Conocephah(s conocephalus [Locnsta conocephalus] (Fabri-
cius) .
This genus is a member of the Tettigoniidae and of the sub-
family Conocephalinae, and has been placed by Karny at the
end of his restricted subfamily Conocephalinae, after the very
closely allied genus Orchelinmm. It is evident, however, that
the North American genus Odontoxiphidium should be placed
at the end of this group, following the present genus.
It is extremely important to note that the many subgenera of
Conocephalus are readily separable one from the other by one
or more striking characters in every instance, while the genus
Orchelinmm, though forming a distinct unit which is readily
recognizable in the vast majority of specimens examined, affords
no single constant character for its ready separation from the
present genus.
1 Published with the aid of the Orthoptera Fund.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
156 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Differential Generic Characters. — The genus Conocephalus is
separated with great difficulty from the genus OrcheUmum. The
present genus includes diminutive forms; but the smallest indi-
viduals of several species of OrcheUmum, the majority of these
found onlj^ in the extreme northern part of the range of the re-
spective species, are not as large as the largest specimens of Con-
ocephalus before us. In the present genus the stridulating field of
the male tegmen is normally smaller, narrower and less extensive
than in OrcheUmum, the vicinity of the arcuate vein not strongly
produced or overhanging ^ and, when looking from the dorsum,
the humeral trunk is never hidden.^ The male cerci, though
showing many different types, do not in any of the North
American species exhibit the type found in the majority of the
species of OrcheUmwn, in which the tooth is placed in a more or
less decided socket-like depression; all of the American species
of the genus have the cerci unispinose. Further usual differen-
ces are found in the male subgenital plate which is truncate
distad in the great majority of American species. ■* The females of
all the North American species do not have the ovipositor de-
cidedly arcuate, though distinctly arcuate in C. nemoraUs,
occasionally of this type in C. nigropleur aides, and such a
condition even more weakly indicated in other species.^ Mate-
rial of the two genera is easily separated by a decidedly
different general appearance, but when the characters of the
two are compared, the variation in each of the genera leaves us
unable to state a single absolute difference.
History. — In 1815, Thunberg erected the genus Conocephalus,
including in it twenty-four species; under one of these, C. hemip-
terus (p. 272), he placed as a synonym Locusfa conocephalus of
Fabricius, which citation forms, under the International Nomen-
clature rules, t^q^e designation by tautonjany, and in consequence
2 The opposite of this is true for the majority of, but not all, the species of
OrcheUmum.
^ This is the normal condition in the species of OrcheUmum, excepting in
0. volanlum and 0. hradleiji, and to a less degree in 0. gladiator.
''This is not true of C. allardi, which has a distinctive and remarkal)le male
subgenital plate.
'' In Orchelimuhi, mililare is the only species having a straight ovipositor;
several other species have the ovipositor with dorsal margin straight but with
ventral margin curved.
REHN AND HEBARD 157
the species becomes type of the genus Conocephalus. This
unfortunate condition has been remarked by certain authors in
recent years, and requires the abandonment of the name Cono-
cephalus for the large cone-headed katydids to -which it has
generally been applied, and its use for the present genus, which
appears in most literature under Xiphidion or Xiphidium.
The name Anisoptera of Latreille, 1829, was based on two
species, dorsalis and brachypterus; the former has been selected
as the type of Anisoptera ])y Kirby,*^ the latter is a member of
the Decticinae. Karny "^ takes exception to the use of Anisoptera
for the present genus by Kirby; the latter 's non-use of Cono-
cephalus is apparently incomprehensible to him, but is probably
due to Kirby's personal objection to the use of tautonymic names,
which objection has been shared by numerous workers.
Walker's genus Palotta, 1869, includes the single species
inornata, which has been synonymized by Kirby under Xiphi-
dium iris of Stal.
Classification. — Karny has recently divided the present genus
into five subgenera.^ His new Xeoxipkidion includes thirtj-'-two
species and in the absence of a designated genotype we select
C. {X .) fasciatus (DeGeer). The subgenus XtpAid^'on Serville has
the type fixed by Kirby ^ as fuscum (Fabricius). Karny 's new
Thecoxiphidion includes six species and, in the absence of a desig-
nated genotype, we select C. (T.) strictus (Scudder). The subgenus
Palotta F. Walker has inornata {iris Serville) type by monotypy,
while the tj'pe of the subgenus Conocephalus is C. (C.) conocephalus
by tautonymy, as discussed above. Of these subgenera we find
Xiphidion, Palotta and Conocephalus possessing sufficient and
distinguishable characters, but under Xiphidion we must place
Xeoxiphidion and Thecoxiphidion. The first of these is separated
by Karny by the male cerci being heavy, depressed and short
distad, the majority of species American, in contrast to Xiphidion
having the male cerci slender, acuminate, not or but little de-
pressed distad, the majority of species from the Eastern Hemi-
sphere. Study of the genotypes and the numerous species of the
« Syn. Cat. Orth., ii, p. 274, (1906).
' Verb. k.-k. zool.-botan. Gesell. Wien, lix, p. 27, (1909).
* Gen. Ins., Orth., Subf. Conoccphalinae, p. 8, (1912).
'Syn. Cat. Orth., ii, p. 274, (190()).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
158 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
genus before us convinces us that the above characters are in-
sufficient. Moreover we are certain that the type species of
these subgenera, fasciatus and fuscus, possess no other differential
characters of sufficient importance to warrant the erection of
subgenera. The North American species which we place under
the subgenus Xiphidion are naturally separated into three groups,
but it would be necessary to erect countless subgenera for the
genus were these considered subgenerically distinct. The Old
World species having no teeth, or two, instead of the usual one on
each male cercus, are certainly more distinctive than these and
may constitute valid subgenera, while the variation, within the
genus, of the male subgenital plate affords even more decided
genital characters, being acutely produced distad without styles
in some, acutely produced distad with styles in others and not
produced but bearing styles in the majority of species.
The very long ovipositor and very brief tegmina are used to
separate Thecoxiphidion from Xiphidion. The variation in the
ovipositor, not only in the type of this subgenus but in the majority
of the species which we havestudied, convinces us that this charac-
ter is insufficient for subgeneric use, and the tegminal length is
not to be considered of even specific value, as the genotype
itself, normally decidedly brachypterous, develops a macrop-
terous form.
Key to the Subgenera of the Genus Conocephalus
A. Prosternum bispinose. (Caudal tibiae armed at distal extremity with
three pairs of spurs.)
B. Ventral margins of cephalic and median tibiae armed with five to seven i"
well spaced spines.
C. Male subgenital plate very strongly produced meso-distad in two
sharp straight spikes, styles absent.
Dicellura new subgenus
CC. Male subgenital plate with distal margin more or less decidedly
truncate, with no decided emargination or production; small, slender,
filiform styles present laterad. Xiphidion Serville
BB. Ventral margins of cephalic and median tibiae armed with nine to ten
closely set spines. Palotta F. \\'alker
AA. Prosternum unarmed. (Ventral margins of cephalic and median tibiae
armed with five to seven '" well spaced spines.)
'" In all of the North American species of the genus, the cephalic and median
tibiae have both ventro-cephahc and ventro-caudal margins armed uniformly
with six well spaced spines.
REHN AND HEBARD
159
B. Caudal tibiae amied at distal extremity with three pairs of sj)urs.
Conocephalus Thunberg
BB. Caudal tibiae armed at distal extremity with a single pair of spurs
(dorsal and ventral pairs absent. IVIale subgenital plate as in Xiphidion.)
Anarthropus new subgenus
The following diagram illustrates the relationship of the forms
here considered.
-nllanli
^fascial us fasciatus
"^ — fa scia tus v icin us
s'pinosus
'jrdcillim us
hrevipen n is
rcsacensis
iicniorolii
-occidental is
-sirictui
njgrnphilus
stictotncrus
-aigicdus
nigroplcurum
aUcn uatus
niffrDphuroides
-spartinae
-saltans
The numbers given above designate the three subgenera known
from North America; the letters indicate the natural groups of
the very large subgenus Xiphidion, each of which includes species
showing a greater or less degree of affinity, as given in the above
diagram. Of the species of group A, resacensis shows much the
greatest affinity to the species of group C. Group B is distinctive
and forms a decided unit, not a transition, between groups A and
C. Group C divides into two portions, the species forming the
first of these showing somewhat greater affinity to those of Group
A.
In certain respects otherwise very different species show decided
similarity, thus allardi and nemorcdis both have unusually broad
tegmina with apices very broadly rounded and tympana of
males in proportion decidedly wider tlian is usual; brevipennis
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
160 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
and spartinae are so similar in general appearance that they long
remained unrecognized in collections as very distinct species.
Distribution (over the region under consideration). — The
present genus is found everywhere in Canada as far north as ade-
quate collecting has been done and probably extends in distribu-
tion northward at least as far as the spruce belt. It is also found
everj^where in the United States; l^ut in the semi-desert and desert
regions of the west it is confined to mountains, rivers, streams,
lakes and irrigated tracts where a more constant water supply
is to be found. The genus is found in the greatest numbers in
the Mississippi Valley region and in the central Atlantic states.
Material Examined. — In addition to a series of over 1000 speci-
mens already correctly recorded, we have examined and recorded
in the present paper 2907 specimens, of which 1924 are in the
Hebard Collection and that of the Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia. For the privilege of studying the additional
material we wish to express our deep appreciation to Mr. A. N.
Caudell, of the United States National Museum and to Dr.
Samuel Henshaw, of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, who
have enabled us to study all of the material in the collections of
those institutions, to Prof. A. P. Morse who has generously
requested us to study and record the interesting series in his col-
lection taken by him outside of New England, and to Mr. Wm.
T. Davis and Dr. J. Chester Bradley whose careful w^ork in the
field and kind cooperation has greatly assisted us in this and other
studies. The privilege of studying and recording the material
belonging to the Pennsylvania State Department of Zoology
has also aided us in the present work.
In the preparation of the present paper the following types have
been before us:
Conocephalus allardi (Caudell)
Conocephalus fasciatus vicinus (Morse)
{Xiphidium vicinum var. productum Morse, synonym of Cono-
cephalus fasciatus vicinus (Morse).)
Conocephalus spinosus (Morse)
Conocephalus gracillinius (Morse)
Conocephalus brevipennis (Scudder)
{Xiphidium ensifer Scudder, synonym of Conocephalus brevi-
pennis (Scudder).)
REHN AND HEBARD IGl
{Xiphidium gossypii Scudder, synonym of Conocephalus brevi-
pennis (Scudder).)
Conocephalus resacensis new species
Conocephalus nemoralis (Scudder)
Conocephalus occidentalis (Morse)
{Xiphidium occidentale var. camurum. Moi'se, synonym of
Conocephalus occidentalis (Morse).)
(Xiphidium occidentale var. caudatum iNIorse, synonym of
Conocephalus occidentalis (Morse).)
Conocephalus strictus (Scudder)
Conocephalus hygrophilus new species
Conocephalus stictomerus new species
Conocephalus aigialus new species
Conocephalus nigropleurum (Bruner)
Conocephalus attenuatus (Scudder)
Conocephalus nigropleuroides (H. Fox)
Conocephalus spartinae (H. Fox)
Conocephalus saltans (Scudder)
{Xiphidium modestum Bruner, synonym of Conocephalus sal-
tans (Scudder).)
Key to Males of the North American Species of the Genus
Conocephalus found north of Mexico
A. Prosfernum bispinose. Caudal tibiae armed at distal extremity with
three pairs of spurs.
B. Subgenital plate very strongly produced meso-distad in two sharp
straight spikes which are weakly divergent, styles absent, distal margin
of plate between productions obtuse-angulate emarginate.
(Subgenus Dicellura)
(Size medium, form robust, ^\'rtox very weakly ascending, sides moder-
ately divergent, greatest width two-thirds that of proximal antennal joint.
Eyes normal. Convex callosity of lateral lobes very broad. Tegmina
broad at apex, tympanum of same unusually large. Dorsvun of abdomen,
including cerei, dark brown. Cerci heavy, with mcsal portion not contrast-
ingly swollen, armed with a heavy mesal (vertical) tooth which is flat and
broad at the base, situated interno-mesad. Ventral margins of caudal
femora unarmed.) allardi (Caudell)
BB. Subgenital i)late not produced distad, disto-lateral styk>s small and
filiform, distal margin of plate nearlj' or quite transverse.
(Subgenus Xiphidion)
C. Cerci armed with a heavy mesal (vertical) tooth, so that its base is
visible from above, this tooth situated interno-mesad.
TR.\NS. .\M. ENT. SOC, XLI.
162 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
D. Cerci with niesal portion not contrastingly swollen.
E. Cerci with distal portion weakly to very decidedly depressed
and with apex broad and rounded. (Size small to medium.)
F. Tympanum of tegmina not unusually elongate. Convex callos-
ity of lateral lobes not very broad. Vertex moderately produced,
(weakly to very weakly ascending).
G. Cerci with distal portion moderately produced, the depres-
sion of the same being general and not more decided on the in-
ternal side.
H. Vertex with sides moderately divergent, greatest width
about two-thirds that of proximal antennal point. Eyes
decidedly small. Convex callosity of lateral lobes moderately
but not decidedly broad. Dorsum of abdomen trifasciate,
with median line broad. Cerci not decidedly hea\'y or elon-
gate, with distal portion weakly depressed. Ventral margins
of caudal femora normally unarmed.
I. Form slender. Abdominal fasciae moderately distinct,
colors not brilliant. fasciatus fascia tus (DeOeer)
II. Form moderately slender. Abdominal fasciae very
distinct, colors brilliant (particularly so in life).
fasciatus vicinus (Morse)
HH. Vertex with sides decidedly divergent, greatest width
equaUing that of proximal antennal joint. Eyes normal.
Convex callosity of lateral lobes very narrow. Abdomen
immaculate, with distal portion, including cerci, pale yellow.
Cerci heavy, elongate, with distal portion very decidedly
depressed. Ventro-external margins of caudal femora bear-
ing normally four to five spines. (Form moderately rolsust.)
spinosus (Morse)
GG. Cerci with distal portion more decidedly produced and very
sti'ongly depressed, particularly on the internal side. (Fonn
moderately slender. Vertex with sides moderately divergent,
greatest width two-thirds that of proximal antennal joint.
Eyes normal. Convex callosity of lateral lobes modei'ately
but not decidedly broad. Dorsum of abdomen dark brown,
in pale examples yellowish. Ventral margins of caudal femora
normally unarmed.) brevipennis (Scudder)
FF. Tympanum of tegmina unusually elongate. Convex callosity
of lateral lobes very broad. Vertex distinctly produced. (Form
very slender. Vertex weakly ascending, sides moderately diver-
gent, greatest width about two-thu-ds that of proximal antennal
joint. Eyes normal. Dorsum of abdomen narrowly but usually
strikingly trifasciate. Cerci of similar type to those of Jasciatus
but distinctly more elongate and attenuate, with distal portion
very strongly depressed. Ventral margins of caudal femora
unarmed.) gracillimus (Morse)
REHN AND HEBARD 163
EE. Cerci with cUstal portion not at all or very weakly depressed,
with apex narrow, acuminate. (Eyes normal. \'entral margins of
caudal femora unarmed.)
F. Vertex broad and blunt, very weakly ascending, sides strongly
divergent. 8ize mediimi to slightly smaller.
G. Form distinctly robust. Vertex with greatest width slightly
greater than that of proximal antennal joint. '^ Convex callosity
of lateral lobes moderately broad. General color dark brown,
occasionally washed with green, veins and veinlets of tegmina
pale and conspicuous. Tegmina broad at apex, tympanum of
same luiusuallj' large. Cerci shoii, distal portion short, conical,
with blunt apex not at all depressed. nemoralis (Scudder)
GG. Form moderately robust. Vertex with greatest width
averaging about one and three-fourths times that of proximal
antennal joint which is unusually small. Convex callosity of
lateral lobes very broad. General color dark bro-^vn or bright
green, abdomen uniformly dark or very dark meso-dorsad with
a dark line on each side, veins of tegmina not conspicuous.
Tegmina not broad at apex, tympammi of same unusually small.
Cerci similar to those of ne?noral(S but with distal portion more
produced, elongate, attenuate, almost imperceptibly or not at
all depressed, with apex more acuminate.
occidentalis (Morse)
FF. Vertex very broad and exceedingly blunt, not at all ascending,
sides very strongly divergent, (greatest width about one and one-
half times that of proximal antennal joint). Size large to very
large. (Form robust. Convex callosity of lateral lobes very
broad. Dorsum of abdomen infuscated except in very pale
examples. Tegmina broad at apex. Cerci of same general type
as those of nemoralis but with distal portion very greatly pro-
duced, very elongate and attenuate, very weakly depressed distad,
with apex strongly acuminate.) strictus (Scudder)
' DD. Cerci with mesal portion very contrastingly swollen, (this portion
elongate ovate, distal portion moderately produced and very weakly
depressed, apex sharply rounded. Size rather large, form distinctly
attenuate. Vertex not ascending, sides strongly divergent, greatest
width slightly greater than that of proximal antennal joint. Eyes
normal. Lateral lobes of pronotum very broad, convex callosity of
same very broad. Abdomen immaculate, with distal portion, including
cerci, pale yeUow. Ventral margins of caudal femora unarmed.)
resacensis new species
^^ One male of C. nemoralis is before us having the vertex unusually narrow,
not as wide as the basal antennal joint. Though this character is of decided
importance in the species of the present genus, the above instance shows that,
no matter how constant a single character may appear to be. occasional speci-
mens are sui-e to be found in which the variation from the normal is decided.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
164 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOFTERA)
CC. Cerci armed with a more delicate (ventral) tooth, so that but Uttle
of this tooth is visible from above, (mesal portion of cercus very contrast-
ingly swollen), tooth situated at proximal base of this swelling, (distal
portion of cercus greatly depressed. Vertex distinctly ascending).
D. Cerci with swollen mesal portion not attenuate elongate. (Eyes
unusually protuberant. Abdomen immaculate, with distal portion,
including cerci, a bright and striking yellow in life.)
E. Swollen mesal portion of cerci with that portion above tooth
produced in an overhanging knob-like protuberance, distal portion
strongly produced with sides very weakly converging to broadly
rounded apex.
F. Vertex with sides strongly divergent, greatest width equalling
that of proximal antennal joint. Convex callosity of lateral lobes
of pronotum broad. Cerci with swollen mesal portion bulbous,
ovate. Coloration not unusual. Size large, form robust and
rather elongate. Eyes large. Ventro-external margins of caudal
femora bearing t-wo to four spines. hygrophilus new species
FF. Vertex with sides very weakly divergent, greatest width little
more than half that of proximal antennal joint. Convex callosity
of lateral lobes of pronotuni very narrow. Cerci with swollen
mesal portion brief, so that entire distal half of cercus is flattened.
Coloration unusual. 12 Size rather large, form rather slender,
Eyes normal. Ventro-external margins of caudal femora bearing
normally three and three spines. stictomerus new species
EE. Cerci with swollen mesal portion not i)rodu('ed above tooth,
(this portion nearly circular), distal portion less strongly produced
with margins strongly converging to sharply rounded apex. (Vertex
with sides moderately divergent, greatest width about two-thirds
that of proximal antennal joint. Convex callosity of lateral lobes
broad. Size medium, form robust and rather truncate. Eyes large.
Ventro-exlernal margins of caudal femora bearing normally four and
five spines.) aigialus new species
DD. Cerci with swoUen mesal portion attenuate, elongate ovate,
(distal portion with margins subparallel to broadly rounded apex.)
E. Vertex with greatest width very little over one-half that of prox-
imal antennal joint. Eyes of normal size but unusually protuberant.
F. Coloration solid, distinctive and vivid, abdomen solid shining
black, with meso-dorsal portion occasionally \-er}- dark brown.
(Cerci heavy, with swollen mesal portion broadly elongate ovate.
Size medium, form moderately robust. Convex callosity of lateral
lobes very narrow but distinct. Ventro-external margins of
caudal femora liearing normally three and three spines.)
nigropleurum (Bruner)
FF. Coloration of head and pronotum trifasciate, abdomen not solid
shining l)lack. (Size .small to medium, form distinctly slender.)
^^ The caudal femora are in life strikingly marked witli sj^ots and dots of
coral red.
REHN AND HEBARD ICo
G. Coloration not as brilliant. Convex callosity of lateral lobes
very narrow and subobsolete. Cerci of similar type to those
of nigropleurum but longer though but little more slender, with
distal portion curved outward. Ventro-external margins of
caudal femora bearing nornialh' two and two spines.
attenuatus (Scudder)
GG. Coloration very brilliant. Convex caUo.sity of lateral
lobes moderately but not decidedly broad. Cerci of similar
type to those of nigropleurum but much more slender, with en-
larged portion and distal portion both more attenuate, slightly
irregular in outUne. Ventro-external margins of caudal femora
in much more than half of the examples unarmed, when
spines are present these range from one to two.
nigropleuroides (H. Fox)
EE. Vertex with greatest width two-thirds that of proximal antennal
joint. Eyes normal. (Coloration not striking, resembling that of
aigialus but with the j-ellow less extensive and decidedly paler.
Convex callosity of lateral lobes moderately but not decidedly broad.
Size small, form moderately slender. Male cerci similar to those of
nigropleuroides but not irregular in outline. Ventro-external margins
of caudal femora bearing normalh* one and two spines.)
spartinae (H. Fox)
AA. Prosternum unarmed. Caudal tibiae armed at distal extremity with
one pair of spurs. (Subgenus Anarthropus)
(Size medium to verj' small, form rather slender. \'ertex moderately ascend-
ing, sides decidedly divergent, greatest width nearh' one and one-half times that
of proximal antennal joint. E3-es normal. Convex callosity of lateral lobes
very broad. Abdomen with dorsum dark, bordered laterad with a narrow
pale line, sides infuscated. Cerci very slender, with a long, slender, median
(vertical) tooth situated interno-mesad, the diameter of which at its base is
nearly that of diameter there of shaft of cercus. Ventral margins of caudal
femora unarmed.) saltans (Scudder)
It must be remembered in using the above key that single
characters are seldom if ever absolutely constant and that varia-
tion exists in all species, the characters given above, when taken
singly, being only correct for the great majority and not for
every example of the species considered.
In every group we have carefully studied, the absolute necessity
of determining material not from one or two apparently striking
differences but from the sum total of characters, has convinced
us that, for correct conceptions and accurate determinations, the
latter method is the only safe one to follow. In conseciuence a
brief key for the species treated here would in our opinion only
lead to confusion, and in the use of the present key we feel that
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
166 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
success depends upon following each species out in each character
and basing conclusions upon the net result. Should single characters
be taken as all important, confusion is an almost certain result.
We give below in tabular form the extremes, found in the species
in tegminal and ovipositor length (in millimeters), and have also
included the general form of the ovipositor and the results ob-
tained from counting the spines of the ventro-external margins
of the caudal femora. The ventro-internal margins of the caudal
femora are furnished with one to two spines in but five specimens,
two of C. fasciatus fasciatus and three of C. attenuatus, in the
very large series examined.
Tegmina Ovipositor Spines of ventro-
Brachyp- external margins
terous of caudal femora
allardi*
f. fasciatus
f. vicinus
spinosus*
gracillimus
brevipennis
resacensis*
neni oralis
occidcntalis
slriclus
hygroyhilus
Macropterous
cf 6.7-6.S straight.
9 5.3-5.4 15.3-16.8
o" 11.7-19.3 straight.
9 10-21.1 7-9.9
d" 16.4-18.7 9.9-13.1 straight.
9 15.6-18.5 10.6-13.9 7.5-13
cf 14.3-15. 1 very weakly
9 16.2
c^ 14.4-19.1
9 15.3-20.7
cf 13.9-16.3
9 14.9-18.1
&
6-10.3
5.4-9.3
7.1-8.8
normally 0.
23% 1 to 5.
none.
normally 0.
12.5% 1 to 3.
normally 0.
4% 1 to 2.
normally 4 and 5.
curved, broader, extremes 4 to 6.
7-8.8
straight. none.
7.8-10.9
straight or
nearly straight.
8.9-14.7
straight.
15.2-15.6
7.2-9.2 distinctly
curved.
4.3-7.7 7.8-9.8
7-9.4 very weakly
curved to nearly
straight.
4.3-6.9 8-15.7
5 . 1-7 . 3 nearly straight.
2.8-5.8 17.7-32.3
10.3 weakly sigmoid,
broader.
9 18.6 10.4
'^ A single female from Appomattox, Virginia, exhibits an intermediate con-
dition between the brachypterous and macropterous forms of the present
species; tegminal length 10.5 mm.
9 5.6-6
9
15.7-16.7
9 16.4
& 15.7-17.8
9 15.4-2213
&
normally 2 and 3.
extremes 2 to 4.
REHX AXD HEBARD
IG-
sHctomerus
aigialus
nigropleurum
attenuatus
Tegmina
Brachyp-
Macropterous terous
cf 18.3-18.4 8-11.6
Ovipositor
Spines of ventro-
external margins
of caudal femora
9 18.3-18.8
cf 16-17.7
9 18.1-19.7
c^
9 16-18.6
cf 18.1
9 19.4-20.9
very weakly sig- normally 3 and 4.
moid, broader, extremes 0 to 7.
6.9-9.8 13.7-19.8
6 . 8-9 . 6 straight to normally 4 and 5.
weakly sigmoid,
extremes 1 to 7.
broader.
7.1-10.6 10.6-13.7
5.7-9.4 straight,
broader.
6.6-9.3 13.4-18.7 '
10.1-10.6 very weakly
curved.
8.7-10.6 19.9-27.8
normally 3 and 3.
extremes 0 to 6.
normalh^2 and 2.
extremes 0 to 5.
nigropleuroides cf 5 . 7-8 . 7
weakly sigmoid considerabty
or distinctlv over half 0.
spartinae
saltans
9 15.5-17.8
d' 15.3-18.2
9 16.2-18.9
cf 14.3-17.1
9 16.2-20.3
5.3-8.2 cm-ved.
5 . 9-9 . 3 verj- weakly
curved.
5.2-9.3 7.1-9.9
3 . 1-6 . 3 very weakly
curved to nearly
straight.
1.6-3.8 9.7-16.4
extremes 0 to 2.
normally 1 and 2.
extremes 0 to 5.
In the species marked with an asterisk greater extremes doubt-
less exist, as adequate material for such determination is not as
yet contained in collections. The macropterous forms have
the wings decidedly surpassing the tegmina, the brachj^pterous
forms have the tegmina as long as, or longer, than the wings.
Such macropterism and brachypterism is found in twelve of
the seventeen species here considered. No such brachyptorous
form is developed in fasciatus vicinus; a semi-brachypterous
form ])cing the normal condition in this race, and macropterism
appearing in the southernmost portions of its distribution. Three
species — not including the above mentioned geographic race of
one of these — show only a macropterous condition, while two
species are known from only l)rachyptcrous material. So little
material is known of one of the only macropterous and both of
the only brachypterous species, that both conditions will very
probably be found in one or possibly all of these species when
larger series have been gathered. Of the twelve species showing
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
168 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
both conditions, the normal type is brachypterous in all of which
we have sufficient material to reach any conclusion; two of these,.
stictomerus and spartinae, alone show a macropterous type ap-
parently in preponderance in portions of their southernmost dis-
tribution.
The ovipositor length is taken from the base of the basal plica
to the apex of the ovipositor, it has been a general practice to
take this length from the juncture of the subgenital plate to the
apex of the ovipositor, but due to the mobility of the subgenital
plate this method can not be as accurate. In consequence our
measurements average about .4 mm. less than they would if
taken the other way.
The spines of the ventro-external margins of the caudal femora,
when present in fasciatus fasciatus, fasciatus vicinus and hrevi-
pennis, are almost invariably decidedly smaller than in the species
in which such spines are normally present.
The genicular lobes of the caudal femora are always unispinose
in occidentalis, stridus and saltans, normally so in nemoralis and
apparently so in allardi and resacensis; in all of the other species
they are normally bispinose. A single abnormal specimen of
spartinae has one of these genicular lobes trispinose. The varia-
bility of this character in the majority of species causes it to be
of little diagnostic importance.
The abdominal coloration is important, particularly in the
males of the species of this genus. Some forms are distinctive
in coloration and these factors are discussed in the specific treat-
ment. Man}- species are similar in having head, pronotum,
thorax and limbs green, with a dark medio-dorsal stripe on head
and pronotum usually narrowly bordered by buff. In the specific
treatment of such species, it has not been considered necessary
to discuss these features unless specific variations occur.
As the present work is considered by no means monographic,
we have thought it best to omit detailed descriptions under the
treatment of all but the new species. The most important char-
acters are given in the keys and tables of the introduction. In
the following treatment of the known species, we have more
fully discussed these characters where further details of interest
exist, and have also considered other less important characters
which have been omitted from the kevs and tal)les of the intro-
REHN AND HEBARD 169
duction. As a result, in determining material with the present
paper, we would advise the use primarily of the keys, tables and
figures; the specific treatment of known species being here
employed mainh'^ to set forth the variation in each species and
its distribution.
Subgenus Dicellura '■* new subgenus
The subgenus includes a single species, from the Appalachian
region of the southeastern United States.
Type of Subgenus. — Conocephalus allardi [Xiphidion allardi]
(Caudell).
Suhgeneric Description. — Prosternum bispinosc. Subgenital
plate of male very strongly produced meso-distad in two sharp
straight spikes which are weakly divergent, styles absent; be-
tween the productions the distal margin of the plate is obtuse-
angulate emarginate at an angle of slightly over ninetj^ degrees.
Ventral margins of cephalic and median femora armed with six
well spaced spines. Caudal tibiae armed at distal extremities
with three pairs of spurs. Size medium for the genus, form ro-
bust.
Conocephalus allardi (Caudell) (Pis. XV-XVII, fifj. 1: XVIII. 1 and 2;
XIX, 9; XX, 1.1
1910. Xiphidion allardi Caudell, ^^ Ent. News, xxi, p. 58. [Tray and Blue
^Mountains, Towns County, Georgia.]
The present insect is widely separated from any other known
species of the genus by the characters given in the subgeneric
description. The species bears a slight superficial resemblance
to C. brevipennis but differs greatly in the characters mentioned
above, in the very broad tegmina of which the male tympanum
is unusually large for the species of the genus, and in the ovipositor
which is rigidly straight and exceeds in length the maxinmm
found in brevipennis. The anomalous male subgenital plate l^i'ings
to mind that of the South American species, C. vitticoUis and C.
longipes, but this plate is found upon examination to be an en-
tirely different development in the present insect.
"From 6keXXa = fork and oiipd=tail, in allusion to the exceptional form of
the male subgenital i)late.
15 Single type designated by Caudell and Heliard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1912, p. 164, (1912).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
170 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
Lateral lobes of pronotum decidedly broad, cephalic margin
moderately oblique and nearly straight to the broadly obtuse-an-
gulate ventro-cephalic angle, thence nearly straight and decidedly
more horizontal than is usual to the rather sharply rounded ven-
tro-caudal angle which is rectangulate, caudal margin weakly sin-
uate but nearly straight, humeral sinus obsolete, convex callosity
very broad. Tegmina broadly rounded at apex. Genicular
lobes of caudal femora normally unispinose, sometimes supplied
with a small supplementary spine; genicular areas of same dark-
ened; ventral margins of caudal femora unarmed.
In addition to the type series (the type and allotype in the
United States National Museum and a paratypic pair in the
Hebard Collection), we have examined but two unrecorded speci-
mens. The species is further known only from specimens taken
by Allard at Indian Grave Gap, Towns County, Georgia.
Wytheville, Virginia, IX, 5, 1903, (Morse), 1 (f, [Morse Cln.].
Rabun County, Georgia, VII, 1910, (W. T. Davis), 1 juv. 9 , [Davis Cln.].
Subgenus Xiphidion Serville ^^
1912. Xvphidioyi Karny, Gen. Ins., Fasc. 135, Subf. Conocephalinae, p. S.
1912. Neoxiphidion Karny, ibid.
1912. Thecoxiphidion Karny, ibid.
Conocephalus fasciatus fasciatus (DeGeer)i^ (PL XV, figs. 2, 3 and 5;
XVI and XVII, 2; XVIII, 3 and 4; XIX, 10; XX, 2.)
1773. Locusla fasciata DeGeer, Mem. Hist. Ins., iii, p. 458, pi. 40, fig. 4.
[Pen(ii).sylvania.]
1841. Orchelimum gracile Harris, Ins. Inj. Veget., p. 131. [Ma.ssachusetts.]
Harris' description of his gracile, giving a nearly straight ovi-
positor and other characters, shows unquestionably the present
synonymy; the figure of a female accompanying the same
description in the Flint edition ^* belongs, however, to an Orcheli-
vium, probably concinnum Scudder, the curved ovipositor show-
ing at once that the specimen selected for the figure by Dr.
Agassiz was not the species described by Harris.
The present species is not, as has been generally supposed,
found far south of the borders of the United States, and the only
exotic material of the species now before us is from Bermuda.
^^ See page 157 for the type of this subgenus and tlie s^'nonj-niy.
" For a more descriptive discussion of the present species see following study
by Rehn and Hebard, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xli, (1915).
18 Harris, Ins. Inj. Veget., Flint Ed., p. 163, fig. 78, (1862).
REHN AND HEBARD 171
The Antillean records and those from Panama apply to a closely
allied but distinct species C. cinereus, while those from Mexico
may be in part correct, as the present species certainly inhabits
the northern portion of that country; the South American rec-
ords, however, belong either to the above mentioned or still
another species.
The tegmina normally surpass the tips of the caudal femora
when in repose; no brachypterous condition exists in this insect
and only very occasional specimens have the tegmina barely
reaching the extremities of the caudal femora. This latter con-
dition is found only in rare specimens from northern localities
and in western series approaching C. f. vicinus.
The male cerci in the present species are usually bright green;
in drying some specimens, as in the other species of the genus,
lose all of their normal green general coloration, becoming a
uniform straw color. The genicular areas of the caudal femora
are not darkened; the genicular lobes of the same are normally
bispinose; the ventro-external margins of the caudal femora are
normally unarmed, verj' small (usually microscopic) spines are
present in two hundred and eight perfect specimens examined as
follows :
Number of spines, 0-0 0-1 1-1 1-2 2-2
Number of specimens, 182 19 5 1 1
This shows 12.5 %of the material to have these margins armed,
geographic distribution apparently having no effect on this con-
dition in the present species. In the specimen having the ventro-
external margins of the caudal femora armed with 2 and 2 sjoines,
one of the ventro-internal margins is also furnished with a single
minute spine, this is also found in a single specimen having the
ventro-external margins unarmed.
The ovipositor length is as follows: Bothwell, Prince Edward
Island, 8-9.2; Northeast Harbor, Maine, 7-7.8; Fredericksburg,
Virginia, 8-9.3; Jacksonville, Florida, 7.3-8.3; West Point, Ne-
braska, 9.2-9.6; Pinebluft", Wyoming, 8.3-9.9; Carrizo Springs.
Texas, 8.6-9.7; Jemez Hot Springs, New Mexico, ^'^ 8.6-9.4 mm.
The present species is found in the United States from the
Atlantic to the Pacific, the typical form being supplanted by a
1' These specimens are intermediate between the eastern and western races
of this species.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
172 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
geographic race in the region of Pacific drainage. The insect
will probably be found to occur in Canada far north of its pres-
ent known range (Prince Edward Island to North Bay and White-
mouth, Ontario, to Aweme, Manitoba) as it is a hardy species
even more abundant in the meadows of northern Maine and
Michigan than in the south and E. M. Walker states that it is
"one of the few common locustids in northern Ontario." South-
ward it is found to the extremity of southern Florida and along
the gulf coast to Mexico.
Specimens Examined: Previously recorded, over 300. Here recorded, 698;
339 males, 355 females and 4 immature females. Intermediates, 20; 7 males,
11 females and 2 immature females.
Bothwell, Prince Edward Island, VIII, 24, 1912, (B. Long), 4 c?, 7 9,
[A. N. S. P.].
St. Andrews, Prince Edward Island, VIII, 26, 1912, (B. Long), 1 d', 2 9,
[A. N. S. P.].
Dundee, Prince Edward Island, VIII, 26, 1912, (B. Long; in black spruce
swamp), 1 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, IX, 1912, (B. Long), 1 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Bunbury, Prince Edward Island, VIII, 28, 1912, (B. Long; in marsh), 5 9 ,
[A. N. S. P.].
Cape Aylesbur}', Prince Edward Island, VIII, 27, 1912, (B. Long; among
sand dunes), 2 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Great Cranberry Island, Maine, VIII, 24, 1913, (H.; occasional in short
grasses), 1 9 •
Northeast Harbor, Maine, VIII, 16 and 21, 1913, (H.; common in short
grasses), 5 9 .
Baileys Island, Casco Bay, Maine, VIII,25, 1907, (B. Long), 3 9 ,[A.N.S.P.].
Rye Beach, New Hampshire, IX, 1 and 2, 1913, (H.), 1 c^.
Marion, Massachusetts, VIII, 1905, (H.), 1 d" ■
Amherst, Massachusetts, X, 1907, (J. A. Hyslop), 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Wesquage Beach, Rhode Island, IX, 8 and 10, 1913, (H.; grasses near salt
marsh), 4 cT, 2 9.
Chateaugay Lake, New York, VIII, 20 to IX, 11, 1878, (Scudder), 1 d", 3
9, [M. C. Z.].
Clifton Springs, New York, 5 d", 7 9, [Cornell Univ.].
Ithaca, New York, VIII, I to X, 4, 1885 to 1894, 13 c^, 5 9 , [Cornell Univ.].
Cattaraugus, New York, IX, 11, 1894, 1 9 , [Cornell Univ.].
Tol)yhanna, Pennsylvania, IX, 1903, (H.), 2 d .
Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, IX, 1903, (H.), 1 d".
Cornwclls, Pennsylvania, IX, 11, 1906, (R. & H.), 1 9 .
Tinicum Island, Pennsylvania, IX, 9 and 29, 1903 and 1904, (R. & II.),
1 c^, 1 9.
Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, X, 13, 1906, (E. T. Cresson Jr.),2 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
REHN AND HEBARD 173
Pink Hill, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, VII, 9, 1908, (R. & H.; grasses
on serpentine outcrop), 1 cf.
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, VII, 20 to VIII, 30, 5 d', 3 9, [Pa. St. Dept.
Zool.].
Rockville, Pennsylvania, VII, 4 to 29, 8 cf, 11 9 , [Pa. St. Dept. Zool.].
CamphiU, Cumberland Countj^, Pennsylvania, VII, 31, 1 cf , [Pa. St. Dept.
Zool.].
Beatty, PeuBsylvania, (C. Brugger), 2 d^, 2 9 , [A. X. S. P.].
Mullica River flats, Bui-lington County, New Jersey, VIII, 24, 1914, (H.;
border of marsh), 1 c?, 1 9 ■
Chestnut Xeck, Atlantic County, New Jersey, VII, 16, 1911, (R. & H.;
grasses near salt marsh), 1 d^.
Ventnor, Xew Jersey, VIII, 5, 1914, (H.; among weeds in marshy spots on
barrier beach), 2 c?, 2 9,1 juv. 9 .
Margate City, Xew Jersey, VII, 24, 1914, (H.), 1 juv. 9 ; VIII, 17, 1914,
(H.; salt marsh border), 1 9 .
Ocean City, X'ew Jersey, VIII, 14, 1914, (H.; grasses beside road, in middle
of salt marsh), 1 c?.
Cedar Springs, Xew Jersey, VIII, 14, 1914, (H.; common in grasses near
fresh marsh), 1 cf .
Cape May, Xew Jersey, VII. 22, 1910, (H.), 1 cf , 2 9 .
Chestertown, Maryland, VIII, 10 to 30, 1899 to 1904, (E. G. Vanatta), 3 cT,
3 9 , [A. X. S. P.]. '
Island Creek, Maryland, VII, 20, 1912, (C.R.Shoemaker), 1 cf , [U. S. X. M.].
Washington, District of Columbia, 1 9, [U. S. X. M.]
Fredericksburg, Virginia, VII, 20, 1913, (R. & H.; common in meadowland),
9 cf, 7 9.
Vu-ginia Beach, Virginia, VII, 4, 1903, (Morse), 1 cf , [Morse Chi.].
Xorfolk, Virginia, IX, 8, 1903, (Morse), 2 cf , 5 9 , [Morse Chi.].
Hickory, Virginia, VII, 3, 1903, (Morse), 9 c?, 10 9 , [Morse Chi.].
Appomattox, Virginia, IX, 6, 1903, (Morse), 1 d', 3 9 , [Morse Chi.].
Wytheville, Virginia, IX, 5, 1903, (Morse), 1 d", [Morse Cln.].
Eure, Xorth Carohna, VII, 5, 1903, (:\Iorse), 2 cT, 2 9 , [Morse Chi.].
Selma, Xorth Carohna, VII, 7, 1903, (Morse), 1 cf , 1 9 , [Morse Chi.].
Winter Park, Xorth Carolina, IX, 7, 1911, (R. & H.; occasional in weeds
and undergrowth), 1 9 .
Lake Waccamaw, Xorth Carolina, IX, 8, 1911, (R. & H.; occasional in
high weeds), 2 cf .
Greensboro, Xorth Carolina, VII, 10, 1903, (INIorse), 3 d", 1 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Sahsbury, Xorth Carohna, VII, 11, 1903, (Morse), 7 c?, 4 9, [Morse Cln.].
Roan Mountain. Xorth Carolina. VIII, 31, 1903, (Morse), 3 d", 3 9 , [Morse
Cln.].
Linville, Xorth Carolina, VIII, 30, 1903, (Morse), 8 d', 12 9, [Morse Cln.].
IMorganton, Xorth Carolina, VII, 12, 1903, (Morse), 3 d", 3 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Balsam, Xorth Carolina, VIII, 20, 1903, (Morse), 1 d", [Morse Cln.].
Governors Island, Xorth Carolina, VIII, 20, 1903, (Morse), 1 c", [Morse
Cln.].
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
174 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (ORTHOPTERA)
Topton, North Carolina, VIII, 21, 1903, (Morse), 1 c?, [Morse Cln.].
Denmark, South Carohna, VIII, 14, 1903, (Morse), 1 c?, [Morse Cln.].
Yemassee, South Carohna, IX, 4, 1911, (R. & H.), 2 cf.
Trenton, Georgia, VII, 10, 1905, (Morse), 4 d", [Morse Chi.].
Marietta, Georgia, VII, 27, 1903, (Morse), 8 d', 2 9 , [Morse Chi.].
Atlanta, Georgia, VII, 26, 1910, 1 9 , [Ga. State Cln.]; VIII, 2, 1913, (R. &
H.), 1 cf", 2 9.
Augusta, Georgia, VII, 29, 1913, (R. & H.), 1 9 .
Savannah, Georgia, VIII, 13, 1903, (Morse), 1 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Tybee Island, Georgia, VIII, 12, 1903, (Morse), 3 c?, [Morse Cln.].
Isle of Hope, Georgia, IX, 3, 1911, (R. & H.), 1 cT.
Jesup, Georgia, IX, 1, 1911, (R. & H.), 1 c^.
St. Simon's Island, Georgia, VIII, 30, 1911, (R. & H.), 1 9 .
Brunswick, Georgia, VIII, 30, 1911, (H.), 1 9.
Cumberland Island, Georgia, VIII, 31, 1911, (R. & H.), 3 c?.
Waycross, Georgia, VIII, 11, 1903, (Morse), 2 a", 1 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Billy's Island, Okeefenokee Swamp, Georgia, VI and VII, 1912, (J. C.
Bradley), 2 cf, 6 9 , [Cornell Univ.].
Macon, Georgia, VII, 30 and 31, 1913, (R. & H.; in high grasses on edge of
forest), 1 &,2, 9 ; IX, 18, 1878, (in pasture), 2 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Westpoint, Georgia, VII, 30, 1903, (Morse), 1 9 , [Morse Chi.].
Columbus, Georgia, VII, 16, 1913, (J. C. Bradley), 1 d^, 3 9 ,[Ga. State Chi.].
Albany, Georgia, VIII, 1, 1913, (R. & H.; very few in wet grass), 1 cf.
Bambridge, Georgia, IX and X, 1910, (J. C. Bradley), 1 cf , 2 9 , [Ga. State
Chi.].
JacksonviUe, Florida, XI, 3, 1911, (W. T. Davis), 2 d', 3 9 , [Davis Chi.].
South JacksonviUe, Florida, IX. 27 and 28, 1911, (W. T. Davis), 1 d', 2 9 ,
[Davis Chi.].
Atlantic Beach, Florida, VIII, 24, 1911, (R. & H.; in sandy field of low
grass.), 2 9 .
Pablo Beach, Florida, IX, 27, 1913, XI, 4, 1911, (W. T. Davis), 1 c?, 1 9,
[Davis Cln.].
Live Oak, Florida, VIII, 10, 1903, (Morse), 1 d', [Morse Cln.]; VIII, 26, 1911,
(R. &H.), 1 cf.
Tallahassee, Florida, VIII, 8, 1903, (Morse), 9 d", 2 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Marianna, Florida, VIII, 7, 1903, (Morse), 1 d^, 2 9, [Morse Cln.].
Cedar Keys, Florida, VI, 3, 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Tampa, Florida, XI, 23, 1911, (G. P. Englehardt), 1 9 , [BkljTi. Inst. A.
& S.].
Little River, Florida, XI, 25, 1912, (F. Knab), 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Lemon City, Florida, (E. J. BrowTi), 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Miami, Florida, XI, 26, 1912, (F. Knab), 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
North Bay, Ontario, IX, 1 to 8, 1906, (G. S. Miller Jr.), 3 d', 6 9 , [M. C. Z.].
Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, VIII, 14, 1904, (W. V. Werner), 1 d^, [U, S. N. M.j.
SahneviUe, Ohio, IX, 10, 1892, 1 d', [Cornell Univ.].
Brul6, Wisconsin, VIII, 16 and 17, 1912, (Witmer Stone), 1 d^, 2 9, [A. N.
S. P.].
KEHN AND HEBARD 175
Cranmoor, Wisconsin, X, 17, 1910, (C. W. Hooker), 2 9 , [U. S. X. M.].
Chicago, Illinois, IX, 9, 1903, (H.; in waste field), I d",! 9 .
Waldo, Minnesota, VIII, 1906, (Witmer Stone), 1 9, [A. X. S. P.].
Duluth, Minnesota, VIII, 1906 and 1912, (Witmer Stone), 3 d', 7 9, [A. X.
S. P.].
Staples, Minnesota, VII, 21, 1909, (H.), 3 d', 1 9,1 juv. 9.
St. Peter, Minnesota, 1880, 1 9, [U. S. X. M.].
Johnson City, Tennessee, VIII, 27, 1903, (Morse), 1 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Chattanooga, Tennessee, X, 19, 1888, (F. G. Martin), 1 d', 1 9 , [U.S. X. M.];
2 cf, [HebardChi.].
Columbia, Tennessee, 1 cf , [Hebard Cln.].
Anniston, Alabama, VII, 12, 1905, (Morse), 3 cf , 2 9 , [Morse Cbi.].
Tuscaloosa, Alabama, VII, 15, 1905, (Morse), 3 d", 1 9, [Morse Cln.].
Greenville, Alabama, VII, 31, 1903, (Morse), 6 cf , 3 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Flomaton, Alabama, VIII, 2, 1903, (Morse), 2 cf , 3 9, [Morse Cln.].
Agricultural College, Mississippi, 1 c?, [Hebard Cln.].
IVIeridian, Mississippi, VII, 16, 1905, (Morse), 1 9 , [Morse Chi.].
Hattiesburg, Mississippi, VII, 17, 1905, (Morse), 1 cf, [Morse Chi.].
Gulfport, Mississippi, VII, 21, 1905, (Morse), 3 cf , [Morse Cln.].
Xatchez, Mississippi, V, 14, 1909, (E. S. Tucker), 1 cf , [U. S. X. M.].
Fort Dodge, Iowa, VIII, 27, 1910, (M. P. Somes), 1 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Iowa City, Iowa, VIII, 5, 1910, (M. P. Somes), 1 9 , [Hebard Chi.].
St. Louis, Missouri, VII, 24, 1877, 1 cf , [U. S. X. M.].
Ivirl'.wood, Missouri, X, 1877, 1 cf , 3 9 , [U. S. X. M.].
Fayetteville, Arkansas, IX, 5, 1905, (Morse), 3 cf , 1 9, [Morse Cln.].
Van Buren, Arkansas, IX, 1, 1905, (Morse), 5 cf , 6 9, [Morse Chi.].
Dardanelle, Arkansas, VIII, 31, 1905, (Morse), 1 cf , [Morse Chi.].
Magazine Mountain, Arkansas, VIII, 29, 1905, (Morse), 1 cf , [Morse'Cln.].
Mena, Arkansas, VIII, 31, 1905, (Morse), Icf, [Morse Chi.].
De Queen, Arkansas, VII, 29, 1905, (Morse), 1 9 , [Morse Chi.].
AshdowTi, Arkansas, VII, 27, 1905, (Morse), 3 cf , 1 9 , [Morse Chi.].
Bayou Sara, Louisiana, I, 20, 1879, 1 cf , [U. S. X. M.].
Milneburg, Louisiana, VII, 22, 1905, (Morse), 3 cf , 4 9, [Morse Cln.].
Xew Orleans, Louisiana, VI, 1883, (Shufeld), 3 cf , 1 9 ; VI, 7, 1902, (at
light), 2 9 ; X to XI, 15, 1882, 1 cf , 1 9 , [aU U. S. X. M.].
Crowley, Louisiana, IX, 28 and 30, 1911, (E. S. Tucker; in rice field), 14 cf ,
11 9, [U.S. X. M.].
Winnipeg, Manitoba, VIII, 22, 1877, 1 cf , [U. S. X. M.].
Harney's Peak, Black Hills, South Dakota, 7000 to 8000 ft. (Bruner), 1 9 ,
[U. S. X. M.].
West Point, Xebraska, VIII to IX, 6 cf , 5 9, [Hebard Cln.].
Lincoln, Xebraska, VII to IX, 3 cf , 3 9,1 juv. 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Xorth Platte, Xebraska, VII, 28, 1910, (R. & H.; swampy areas on river
plain), 2 (f , 3 9.
Fort Robinson, Xebraska, VII, 1888, 1 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Glen, Xebraska, VIII, 1903, (L. Bruner), 4 cf, 5 9, [Hebard Cln.].
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
176 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Sidney, Nebraska, VII, 30, 1910, (R. & H.), 1 c?; VIII, 25, 1893, 1 9,
[Hebard Cln.].
Belpre, Kansas, IX, 13, 1909, (H.; in field of short grass), 1 9 .
Independence, Kansas, (A. Birckfield), 1 d", [U. S. N. M.].
Howe, Oklahoma, VIII, 4, 1905, (Morse), 5 cf , [Morse Cln.].
Wilburton, Oklahoma, VIII, 27, 1905, (Morse), 2 cT, 4 9, [Morse Cln.].
Haileyville, Oklahoma, VIII, 6, 1905, (Morse), 1 c^, [Morse Cln.].
Okmulgee, Oklahoma, VI, 24, (J. D. Mitchell; at light), 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Shawnee, Oklahoma, VIII, 26, 1905; (Morse), 1 cT, [Morse Cln.].
Bonita, Texas, VIII, 14, 1905, (Morse), 1 c?, 1 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Pittsburg, Texas, IX, 9, 1904, (F. C. Bishopp), 2 cf , [U. S. N. M.].
Terrell, Texas, VI, 9, 1904, (F. C. Bishopp), 1 cT, [U. S. N. M.].
Dallas, Texas, IX, 25 and 26, 1912, (R. & H.; common in field of high gi-ass),
5 c^, 8 9.
Sagamore Hill, Tarrant County, Texas, IX, 27, 1912, (R. & H.; areas of
low grass in open), 2 cf .
Doucette, Texas, VII, 24, 1912, (H.), 1 &.
Beaumont, Texas, VII, 23, 1912, (H.;not common on grassy swampy gi-ound),
3 cf, 5 9.
Calvert, Texas, VIII, 1903, (A. W. Morrill), 1 d, [U. S. N. M.].
Shovel Mount, Texas, VI, 30, 1901, (F. G. Schaupp), 1 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Paige, Texas, VIII, 3, 1904, (C. R. Jones; on cotton), 1 c?, [U. S. N. M.].
Kerrville, Texas, VIII, 17 and 18, 1912, (R. & H.), 1 d".
San Antonio, Texas, VIII, 15 and 16, 1912, (R. & H.; common in high
grass), 3 9 .
Galveston, Texas, VII, 19 to 21, 1912, (H.), 8 c?, 1 9 .
La Marque, Texas, VII, 22, 1912, (H.), 1 9 .
Webster, Texas, VII, 19, 1912, (H.; common on grass prairie), 1 c?, 3 9 •
Virginia Point, Texas, VII, 21, 1912, (H.), 1 cf , 3 9 .
Rosenberg, Texas, VII, 25 and 26, 1912, (H.), 2 d.
Wharton, Texas, VII, 12, 1904, (C. R. Jones; on cotton), 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Victoria, Texas, VII, 26 and 27, 1912, (H.; common in stream bottom), 2 cf,
1 9.
Corpus Christi, Texas, VII, 29, 1912, (H.), 1 d.
Gregory, Texas, VII, 30, 1912, (H.), 1 d', 1 9 .
Lyford, Texas, VIII, 6 and 7, 1912, (R. & H.), 1 d,l 9 .
Mission, Texas, VIII, 5 and 6, 1912, (H.), 1 d', 1 9 .
BrownsviUe, Texas, VII, 31 to VIII, 5, 1912, (H.), 1 d,2 9 .
Piper Plantation, near Brownsville, Texas, VIII, 3, 1912, (R. & H.; grassy
spots in heavy river bottom tangle), 3 cf , 2 9 .
Uvalde, Texas, VIII, 21 and 22, 1912, (R. & H.), 1 &.
Del Rio, Texas, VIII, 22 and 23, 1912, (R. & H.; common in grasses of river
bottom), 2 cf, 1 9.
Carrizo Springs, Texas, X, 1884, (A. Wadgymar), 4 o", 9 9, [Hebard Cln.].
Benavides, Texas, VIII, 9 and 10, 1912, (R. & H.), 1 d.
Glendive, Montana, VII, 26, 1909, (H.; on river l)ottoms), 3 cf, 3 9 ■
Forsyth, Montana, VII, 27, 1909, (H.), 1 d.
REHN AND HEBARD 177
Billings, Montana, VII, 28, 1909,(R. & H.; on grassy river plain), IG a, 'J 9 .
\\'orland, Wyoming, VIII, 1911, 1 9, [Hebard Cln.].
Pinebluff, Wyoming, 9 d', 27 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Julesburg, Colorado, VII, 29, 1910, (R. & H.), 1 cf , 1 9 .
Livermore, Colorado, X, 4, 1898, 2 d^, [U. S. N. M.].
Boulder, Colorado, 1 9, [U. S. N. M.].
Pueblo, Colorado, VIII, 30 and 31, 1877, (Scudder), 1 9 , [M. C. Z.].
Garland, Colorado, VIII, 28 and 29, 1877, (Scudder), 1 cf , 3 9 , [M. C. Z.].
Springer, New Mexico, IX, 15, (C. N. Ainslie), 1 a", [U. S. N. M.].
Rociada, New Mexico, VIII, 8, (Cockerell), 2 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Intermediate material between typical C. fasciatus and C. fasciatus vicinus.
Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, VIII, 1909, 1 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Jemez Hot Springs, New Mexico, VIII,1 to 29, 1912 and 1913, (J. Woodgate),
7 cf, 11 9,2 juv. 9, [Hebard Cln.].
Conocephalus fasciatus vicinus (Morse) (Pis. XVI, XVII and XX, fig. 3;
XVII, figs. 5 and 6.)
1881. Xiphidium ensiferum Scudder (not of 1862), Second Rept. U. S. Ent.
Comm., 1880, App. ii, p. 23. [Glenbrook and Reno, Nevada.]
1881. Xiphidium brevipenne Scudder (not of 1862), Second Rept. U. S. Ent.
Comm., 1880, App. ii, p. 23. [Sisson and Strawberry Valley, California.]
1881. Xiphidium fasdatum Scudder, Second Rei)t. U. S. Ent. Comm., 1880,
App. ii, p. 23. [Portland, Oregon.]
1901. Xiphidium vicinum Morse,^'' Can. Ent., xxxiii, p. 203. [Palm Springs,
San Bernardino, Colton, Los Angeles, Kern City, Lathrop, \^'est Berkeley,
Mill Valley, Sisson and Gazelle, California; Ashland, Glendale, Drain and
Divide, Oregon; Tenino, Washington.]
1901. Xiphidium vicitiu?n variety productum Morse,^! Can. Ent., xxxiii, p.
204. (Macropterous material in above series.)
This insect has been adequately described bj' INIorse; the dis-
tinctive characters given, when compared with typical fasciatus,
being, in the female, a normally longer ovipositor both actually
and in proportion to the caudal femora, and in the male, cerci
which are slightly broader just distad of the tooth with the exter-
nal margins less sinuous. The present series shows further that in
this race the form is normally somewhat more robust and the lat-
eral lobes of the pronotum are broader, with cephalic margin
more broadly convex and ventro-caudal angle even more l>roa(lly
-"Single type designated: cf; Palm Springs, California, VII, 10, 1897,
(Morse), [Morse Chi.]. (Morse and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1915,
p. 1C6, (1915).)
^'Single type designated: 9; San Bernardino, California, Vll, 15, 1897,
(Morse), [Morse Cln.]. (Morse and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1915, p. 106, (1915).)
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
178 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
rounded. The great majority of individuals of this race differ
from the average of fasciatus fasciatus in having the tegmina just
reaching the tips of the caudal femora or falling short of these as
much as 3 mm. Examples occur, however, having as long teg-
mina as are found in fasciatus s.s., which condition is more fre-
quently met with in the southern portion of the range of the insect
and has been given the name productumhy Morse. As further dif-
ferences are wanting to distinguish such material, we are obliged
to place this name in the synonymy of the present form. The
phase having very long tegmina and wings is represented by the
following material before us: 2 d", Mountain Home, Idaho; 1
d^, 2 9 , Shoshone, Idaho; 1 d', Milford, Utah; 1 d', Reno, Ne-
vada; 2 d^,Alamitos Bay, California, and 1 d^, Los Angeles,
California. An almost intermediate condition is shown in a num-
ber of individuals from Council Crest and Divide, Oregon, and in
two d" from Milford, Utah.
In life the present race is normally quite as green in general
coloration with abdominal markings brighter than in typical fas-
ciatus; the following field note taken from fresh material at Sho-
shone and Mountain Home, Idaho, demonstrates this very clearly
— "Abdomen with a medio-dorsal band of vandyke brown, wider
cephalad, narrowing gradually caudad, bordered by lemon yellow
bands about half as wide. In the males the rest of the abdomen is
grass green, in the females these lemon yellow bands are in turn
bordered on each side by very narrow bands of vandyke brown."
The large series before us, though otherwise in excellent condi-
tion, is almost without exception much discolored and faded, the
cerci of the males retaining a green coloration in only a few cases.
The genicular areas of the caudal femora are not darkened ; the
genicular lobes of the same are normally bispinose; the ventro-
external margins of the caudal femora are normally unarmed,
very small (usually microscopic) spines are present in one hun-
dred and fifty-two specimens examined as follows:
Number of spines, 0-0 0-1 0-2
Number of specimens, 146 5 1
This shows 3.9% of the material to have these margins armed
with such adventitious spines.
The ovipositor length is as follows: Mountain Home, Idaho,
11.2-12.6; Soda Springs, Idaho, 9.2-10.7; Council Crest, Oregon,
REHN AND HEBARD 179
9-10.7; Sisson, California, 9.8-11.2; Los Angeles, California,
12; Reno, Nevada, 10.3-11.7; Milford, t'tah, 10.7-11.7 mm.
Morse, in his excellent series of measurements given with the
original description, shows the extremes of ovipositor length to
be 7.5 to 13 mm. in the present insect.
The present geographic race is distributed over the region of
Pacific drainage in the United States, having been found from
Soda Springs, Idaho, and Milford, Utah, as far north as Tenino,
Washington, and Agassiz, British Columbia,-- and south to Alami-
tos Bay and Palm Springs, California. In the desert regions of
this area, the species is to be found often very numerous in green
vegetation in irrigated areas or where other constant sources of
water supply exist.
Speciniens Examined: Previously recorded, 122. Here recorded, 201; 104
males, 92 females and 5 immature females.
Soda Springs, Idaho, 7 cf , 7 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Shoshone, Idaho, VIII, 8, 1910, (R. & H.; occasional in an irrigated area),
4 c^, 4 9.
Mountain Home, Idaho, VIII. 9, 1910, (R. & H.; scarce in an irrigated area),
1 6^,29.
Nampa, Idaho, VIII, 9, 1910, (R. & H.; in a marshy meadow), 5 c?, 1 9 -
Reno, Nevada, IX, 2, 1910, (R. & Hi; in gi-assy irrigated tract), 14 d^,Q 9 ■
Wabuska, Nevada, IX, 5, 1910, (H.; common in grasses about water tank),
1 cT, 3 9.
Salt Lake VaUey, Utah, VIII, 1 to 4, 1877, (Scudder), 18 d", 11 9,
[M. C. Z.].
Provo, Utah, VIII, 23 and 24, 1877, (Scudder), 2 d^, 4 9 , [M. C. Z.].
Milford, Utah, IX, 5, 1909, (R. & H.; very common in grasses along river),
28 d", 39 9.
Longmire's Springs, Mount Rainier, Washington, 2700 ft., VIII, 23, 1910,
III.; grasses about springs], 1 cf .
PuUman, Washington, VIII, 19, 1909, (J. A. Hyslop), 1 cf , [U. S. N. M.].
Newaukum, Washington, VIII, 8, 1909, (H; in buh-ushes and l)racken),
1 juv. 9 .
Mount Tabor, Oregon, VIII, 9, 1909, (R. ; high grasses in open) ,19.
Council Crest, Oregon, VIII, 9, 1909, (H.; not common in fiekl of high dry
grass), 8 cf , 8 9,2 juv. 9 .
Clackamas, Oregon, VIII, 9, 1909, (H.; in high grasses), 1 9-
West Albany, Oregon, VIII, 10, 1909, (R. & H.), 1 cf , 1 9 .
Divide, Oregon, VIII, 11, 1909, (R. & H.; occasional in dry meadow grasses)
5 cf, 1 9.
-- This record of F. Walker as fasciatus we have been unable to verifj-, but
there is httle doubt that the material will })e found to belong to the present race.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
180 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
Sacramento, California, VIII, 18, 1907, (E. S. G. Titus), 1 cT, 1 9, [U. S. N. M.].
Bakersfield, California, IX, 14, 1910, (R. & H.; grasses along irrigating
ditch), 3 o", 1 9.
Los Angeles, California, 1889, (Coquillett), 4 cf , 1 9 , 2 juv. 9 , [Heljard Cln.].
Conocephalus spinosus (Morse) ^3 (Pis. XVI, XVII and XX, fig. 4; XVIII,
figs. 7 and 8.)
1901. Xiplddium spinosum Morse, ^'' Can. Ent., xxxiii, p. 201. [Coronado,
California.)
As the author of this species has given a really excellent descrip-
tion, it is rather irritating to find it synonymized by Karnj^^*
under C. saUator, where, without material for comparison, that
author briefly states that it is a smaller variation.
The species is known only from the salt marshes about San Diego
Bay, California; the type series of three males, two females and
one immature female in the Morse Collection and Museum of
Comparative Zoology, and in addition three males and one fe-
male in Philadelphia, have been examined.
Conocephalus gracillimus (Morse) (PI. XV, fig. 8; XVI, XVII and XX, 5;
XVIII, 9 and 10; XIX, 11.)
1877. Xiphidium ensiferum Scudder, (not ensifer of Scudder, 1862), Proc.
Best., Soc. Nat. Hist., xix, p. 83. [Fort Reed, Florida.]
1901. Xiphidium gracillimum Morse, ^^ Can. Ent., xxxiii, p. 236. [Capron
[Viking] and Bisca3Tie Bay [Miami], Florida.]
The present species belongs to a small group, the other species
of which are Antillean and tropical American, which is in the
main distinguished from the forms more nearly related to C.
fasciatus by the majority of the characters given in the key for
the present insect. When compared with fasciatus, the more
produced vertex and broader convex callosities of the lateral lobes
of gracillimus are found to be characters which are somewhat less
conspicuous than might be expected; the present species is more
^3 For a full discussion of the present species see following study by Rehn
and Hebard, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xU, (1915).
2* Single type designated: cf ; Coronado, California, VII, 24, 1897, (Morse;
on salt marsh), [Morse Cln.]. (Morse and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1915, p. 105, (1915).)
" Abh. k.-k. zool.-botan. Gesell. Wien, iv, p. 94, (1907).
-"Single type here designated: cf; [Miami] Biscayne Bay, Florida, (Mrs.
A. T. SloKson), [M. C. Z.]. (Morse and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.,
1915, p. 105, (1915).)
REHX AND HEBARD 181
readily distinguished by the decidedly more slender form, differ-
ently shaped lateral lobes of the pronotum, narrower tegmina
with male tympanum decidedly more elongate, different colora-
tion, and different male cerci.
Lateral lobes of pronotum broad, cephalic margin moderately
oblique and nearly straight to the very broadly obtuse-angulate
ventro-cephalic angle, thence very weakly concave and slightly
more horizontal than usual to the sharply rounded ventro-caudal
angle which is slighth' less than 90°, caudal margin convex to the
broad and distinct humeral sinus, convex callosit}^ very broad.
These lobes are often more or less distinctly marked mesad with
a diffused dark postocular stripe. The abdomen is marked in
dark individuals with three narrow dark bands, one meso-dorsal,
the others lateral, the two intervening spaces forming usually
bright yellow bands. The pronotal markings, combined with the
narrowness of the abdominal bands, give individuals showing the
intensive color pattern a much more striped appearance than
is ever found in fasciatus. The cerci are bright green or dark
brown; -" the greater production, especialh' of the distal portion,
eausing the internal tooth to be situated in relative position just
proximad of the point which it occupies in fasciatus. Though
the genicular lobes of the caudal femora are normally bispinose,
fifteen of the series of sixty-six specimens examined for this
character have one of these lobes unispinose, two have two of the
same showing this condition, while two have three of the genicular
lobes unispinose. In this species the genicular areas of the caudal
femora are not darkened; the ventral margins of the caudal
femora are unarmed. Immature examples of gracilUmus are
very slender and very strongly tristriate. -"^
The present species is confined in distribution to the Florida
Keys and the mainland of southern Florida as far north as Fort
^^ In life tfie male cerci are probably always green or gi-eenish, this color is
one of the most likely to disappear in dried material.
^^ Of the immature specimens recorded as this species by the present authors,
Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila., 1912, p. 268, (1912), those from Miarni and Home-
stead, Florida, are immature examples of Ordtelivmm concinnum, while the
two immature individuals from Key \'aca and Kej' West, Florida, are speci-
mens of Odonloxiphidium apterum. These errors were due to our then very
limited knowledge of the early stages of these species, which exhibit indeed a
general (though not detailed) similarity to gradllimus.
TR.\XS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
182 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Reed and Tampa, in which region the authors have taken a
series of eighty-three specimens.
Specimens Examined: Previously correctly recorded, 95. Here recorded,
1 male, 1 female and 1 immature female.
Fort Reed, Florida, IV, 21, 1876, (J. H. Comstock), 1 juv. 9, [Cornell Univ.].
Lemon City, Florida, (E. J. Brown), 1 &, [U. S. N. M.].
Biscayne, Florida, V, 2,3. 1 ? , [U. S. N. M.].
Conocephalus brevipennis (Scudder) (Pis. XVI and XVII, fig. 6; XVIII,
11 and 12; XX, 6 and 7.
1862. Xiphidium brevipennis Scudder,'-^ Can. Nat. and Geo!., vii, p. 285.3"
[New England.]
1862. X[iphidium] ensifer Scudder, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., vii, p. 451.
[Lawn Ridge, Illinois.] (In part.)
1869. Xiphidium ensiferum F. Walker, Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Br. Mus., ii, p.
270. [United States.]
1875. Xiphidium gossijpii Scudder,'! Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvii, p. 462.
[Texas; Mississippi.]
Scudder's ensifer, emended ensiferum by F. Walker, is ])ased
upon two females from Lawn Ridge, Illinois, now in the IVIuseum
of Comparative Zoology; one of these, which we here select as
single type, is a brachypterous example of Conocephalus brevi-
pennis; in this specimen the caudal femur is 13.1, the ovipositor
13.7 mm. in length. The other specimen is a brachypterous
example of C. stridus. At that time the latter species w^as un-
described, but the confusion of two so very distinct species is
almost incredible.
Scudder's gossypii is also a synonym of the present species,
based upon material from Texas and INIississippi, which agrees
throughout with typical brevipennis from New England, except
in the somewhat greater size.
The present species and C. spartinae, though distantly re-
lated, are very similar in general appearance and have been fully
23 Single type here designated: 9 ; Massachusetts, [M. C. Z.]. Measurements;
length of body 13.2, of tegmen 9, of caudal femm- 11, of ovipositor 9.4 mm.
'<• Scnidder's description of X [iphidium] brevipennis, in the Bost. Journ. Nat.
Hist., vii, p. 451, was published in November 1862, while this, the original
description, appeared in August and September of the same year; to it was
added a record from the Red River Settlements, Manitoba, properly assigned
to C. saltans here.
31 Single type here designated: 9 ; Texas, (Belfrage), [M. C. Z.]. Measure-
ments; length of body 14.1, of tegmen 8.4, of caudal femur 16.8, of ovi-
positor 13.1 mm.
REHN AND HEBARD 183
compared under the latter species. Females of the two species
are difficult to separate, but, in addition to a somewhat different
facies, this sex of brevipennis is found to have the ovipositor aver-
aging distinctly longer and straighter.
Lateral lobes of pronotum moderately broad, cephalic margin
straight to the broadly obtuse-angulate ventro-cephalic angle,
thence straight to the rather broadh rounded ventro-caudal
angle which is slightly less than 90°, caudal margin weakly con-
vex to the distinct humeral sinus, convex callosity moderately
broad.
Though the distinctive male cerci of this species usually show
little or no variation, a single specimen in the series from Corn-
wells, Pennsylvania, has the apex of these organs acute and very
nai-rowly rounded, an abnormality found in no other male of the
species before us.
The tegmina in the males usually just reach the bases of the
brown cerci, in the females they are shorter, covering usually
about two-thirds of the dorsum of the abdomen; somewhat
greater tegminal abbreviation sometimes occurs, however, and
macrQpterism very rarely takes place, this condition being rep-
resented in 3.2% of the examples in the series here recorded,
7 males and 11 females.
The genicular areas of the caudal femora are usually weakly
infuscated in the present species; the genicular lobes of the same
are normally bispinose but frequent examples are met with which
have one, two or three of these lobes unispinose, examples are
very rare in which all of the genicular lobes of the caudal femora
are unispinose. The ventro-external margins of the caudal
femora are normally unarmed, small spines are present in three
hundred and forty-one perfect specimens examined as follows:
Number of spines, 0-0 0-1 0-2 0-3 1-1 1-2 1-3 2-2 2-3 2-5
Number of specimens, 267 43 6 1 116 1 4 1 1
This shows 21.7% of the material to have these margins
armed; as in fasciatus, geographic distribution apparently does
not influence this condition, but in the present species the spines
when present are usually heavier than in that insect.
The ovipositor length is as follows: Saunderstown, Khode
Island, 9.1-10.8; Diamond Valley, Pennsylvania, 11.6-12.7;
Cornwells, Pennsylvania, 10.3-13.4; Chestnut IIi!l, Pennsylvania,
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
184 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
11.4-14.7; Tinicum, Pennsylvania, 8.9-11.8; Castle Rock, Penn-
sylvania, 11.4-13.6; Cedar Springs, New Jersey, 9.3-10.8; Fay-
etteville. North Carolina, 9.7-10.8; Wilmington, North Carolina,
9.2-9.6; Florence, South Carolina, 10.6-11.9; Yemassee, South
Carohna, 9.3-9.6; Atlantic Beach, Florida, 9.4; Moline, Illinois,
11.4-13.7; West Point, Nebraska, 10.5-14.7 mm. The oviposi-
tor varies slightly from the normal perfectly straight type to one
in which an extremely weak upward curvature is appreciable,
suggesting the type found in spartinae, and one in which an open
sigmoid curvature is barely indicated, to the weakest appreciable
degree. The specimens from West Point, Nebraska, have the
ovipositor slightly heavier and averaging longer than in any
eastern series. Of the eastern material, that from drier upland
situations (Diamond Valley, Corn wells (back from the river),
Chestnut Hill, Castle Hock, Pennsylvania; Fayetteville, North
Carolina; Florence, South Carolina, and a number of other
localities) has the ovipositor frequently showing a suggestion of
an open-sigmoid curvature and averaging longer than in material
from marsh or swamp lands (Tinicum, Pennsylvania; Wilming-
ton, North Carolina; Yemassee, South Carolina; Atlantic Beach,
Florida, and other localities), and we believe the differences dis-
cussed above probably to be due wholly to environmental con-
ditions,^^ particularly those governing oviposition, which in
situations of different character would indicate that different
plants are selected as the receptacles for the eggs.
The present species is known from Eastport, Maine; Montreal,
Quebec, and Algonciuin Park, Ontario to Atlantic Beach, Flor-
ida,^^ and the Gulf coast as far as Beaumont, Texas. The
'2 Different variations are found in occasional species, primarily due it would
seem to immediate environmental conditions and not sufficient to warrant
trinomial recognition. See under C. rngropleuroides in the present paper and
under C. cinereus and saltator in the next paper of the present series. Also
under Or chelimum concinnum, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xU, pp. 15 and 62, (1915),
and under Nemohius fasciatus fascinlus and its geographic race socius, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1913, pp. 410 and 424, (1913).
'^ Further south in Florida this species has not been found. Scudder's 1S77
record, with a query, of an immature individual from Fort Reed as his ensiferum,
ai)i)lies to ConocepJialus gradUimus; while the present authors' record from
Chokoloskee we now know to be based upon material incorrectly labelled and
probably taken in the vicinity of New York, New York.
REHX AND HEBARD 185
westernmost records are ^Nlinncsota'^'*; North Platte, Nebraska,
and Texas (probably Dallas), the species apparently not reaching
far beyond the limits of the naturally well watered regions. ^^
The insect is numerous and widely distributed over the Upper
Austral Zone of the central Atlantic and upper Mississippi
Valley regions of the United States, but is found local and usually
quite scarce in the lowlands of the southeastern states.
Specimens Examined: Previously recorded, over 100. Here recorded, 555;
257 males, 286 females, 2 immatm-e males and 10 immatm-e females.
Montreal, Quebec, VIII, 30, 1902, (C. Stevenson), 1 9, [U. S. X. :\I.].
Seabrook, New Hampshire, (A. A. Eaton), 1 9, [U. S. N. M.].
Jaffrey, New Hampshire, IX, 23, 1896, (S. Henshaw), 6 cf, 16 9. [M.
C. Z.j.
Marion, Massachusetts, VIII, 1905, (H.; grasses in woods), 4 cf, 5 9 .
Saunderstowii, Rhode Island, IX, 3 to 7, 1913, (H.; common in upland
grasses and vines near woods), 7 cf , 11 9 .
Wesquage Beach, Rhode Island, IX, 8 and 10, 1913, (H.; in grasses and vines
near woods and on edge of salt marsh), 2 cf, 6 9 .
Niverville, New York, VIII, 24, 1904, (Morse), 3 a", [Morse Cln.].
Chatham, New York, VIII, 9, 1904, (Morse), 4 <i^, 2 9, [Morse Chi.].
Chfton Springs, X'ew York, 1 d^, 1 9, [Cornell Univ.], (macropterous).
Ithaca, New York, VIII, 4 to X, 12, 1885 to 1894, 22 cf , 24 9, [Cornell
Univ.], (1 cf macropterous).
Tobyhanna, Penn.sylvania, IX, 1903, (H.), I cf, 5 9 .
Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, IX, 1903, (H.; in high grasses), 2 d^, 1 9.
Dauphin, Penn.sylvania, IX, 15, 1 cf , [Pa. State Dept. Zool.].
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, VIII, 16, 1 9, [Pa. State Dept. Zool.].
Progress, Pennsylvania, X, 10, 1 9, [Pa. State Dept. Zool.]. »
Marysville, Pennsylvania, X, 6 and 7, 4 d", 1 9 , [Pa. State Dept. Zool.].
Bristol, Pennsylvania, IX, 1912, (H. W. Fowler), 1 9, [A. N. S. P.].
Woodlands Cemeteiy, Philadelphia, Permsylvania, X, 7, 1906, (B. Long),
1 cf, 1 9, [A. N. S. PJ.
Cornwells, Pennsylvania, IX, 7, 1914, (H.; everywhere in low shrul)bery
and grasses along river and on edge of woods), 10 cf , 3 9,2 juv. 9 ; IX, 11,
1906, (R. & H.), 1 cf , 6 9.
Ashbourne, Peimsvlvania, X, 27, 1906, (B. Long), 2 cf, 5 9, [A. N.
S. P.].
^ Though not so stated by Lugger, it is vii'tually certain that the species is
common in Minnesota only as far north as the border of the Canadian Zone.
Scudder's record of this species from the Red River Settlements, Manitoba,
applies to C. saltans.
^^ Scudder's records of hrevipennis from California and ensifer from Nevada
Sipply to C . fasciaius vicinus, to which insect the present species shows decided
similarity in manj' respects, but rriay be readily separated by the differences
of coloration and genitaUa.
TRANS. .\M. EXT. SOC, XLI.
186 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
Chestnut HiU, Pennsylvania, VIII, 5, to X, 4, 1903 to 1911, (H.; in grasses
near woods), 3 cf , 7 9-
Wissahickon Creek, Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania, IX, 9, 1914, (H.; grasses
in openings of forest), 2 c?, 1 9 .
Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, X, 13, 1906, (E. T. Cresson Jr.), 1 9 , [A. N.
S.P.].
Castle Rock, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, IX, 19, 1909, (R. & H.;
common in luxuriant undergrowth of heavy deciduous forest), 5 cT, 14 9,
(2 9 macropterous) .
Devon, Pennsylvania, IX, 14, 1905, 1 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Tinicum Island, Pennsylvania, VIII, 13 to IX, 29, 1903 to 1911, (R. & H.;
very abundant near marsh in rank grass), 38 c?', 42 9 •
Fern Hill, Chester County, Pennsylvania, IX, 19, 1909, (R. & H.; grasses
on serpentine outcrop), 3 cf, 7 9 •
Shady Nook, SuUivan County, Pennsylvania, VIII, 6 and 7, 1908, (Witmer
Stone), 1 cf , [A. N. S. P.].
Diamond Valley, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, IX, 10, 1905, (R.),
3 o', 4 9.
Emporium, Pennsylvania, X, 1905, (H. W. Fowler), 2 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Beatty, Pennsylvania, (O. Brugger), 2 cf , 2 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Lindenwold, New Jersey, X, 31, 1914, (B. Long), 2 o^, [A. N. S. P.].
Woodbury, New Jersey, X, 2, 1907, (C. B. Hardenberg), 1 cf , 1 9 , [A. N.
S. P.].
Stafford's Forge, New Jersey, VIII, 12 to IX, 16, 1905 to 1908, (R. & H.),
6 c?, 5 9.
Mays Landing, New Jersey, VIII, 29, 1914, (H.; in boggy pine barrens),
1 9.
Reega, New Jersey, VIII, 29, 1914, (H.; scarce in undergrowth of pine
barrens), 1 cf , 1 9 .
Margate City, New Jersey, VIII, 17, 1914, (H.; grasses on dry ground on
edge of salt marsh), 1 c?, 2 9 .
Cedar Springs, New Jersey, VIII, 14 and 26, 1914, (H.; tall grasses on border
of fresh marsh), 38 cf , 9 9,2 juv. 9 , (Ic? macropterous).
Plummers Island, Maryland, VIII, 6 and 29, 1901 and 1904, (Currie, Bar-
ber), 1 cf , 1 9, [U. S. N. M.].
Cabin John, Maryland, IX, 23, 1911, 1 d^, 2 9, [U. S. N. M.].
Washington, District of Columbia, IX, 1883, 1 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Anolostan Island, District of Columbia, IX, 6, 1912, (Caudell), 1 9 , [U. S.
N. M.).
Marshall Hall, Maryland, VIII, 9, 1883, 1 juv. 9, [Hebard Cln.].
Rosslyn, Virginia, IX, (Caudell), 1 d", [U. S. N. M.].
Falls Church, Virginia, IX, 4 and 28, 1906, 3 c?, 2 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Appomattox, Virginia, IX, 6, 1903, (Morse), 2 d", 3 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Wytheville, Virginia, IX, 4, 1903, (Morse), 1 9, [Morse Cln.].
Cape Henry, Virginia, IX, 7, 1903, (Morse), 1 9, [Morse Cln.].
Norfolk, Virginia, IX, 8, 1903, (Morse), 2 9,1 juv. 9, [Morse Cln.].
REHN AND HEBARD 187
Virginia Beach, Virginia, IX, 7, 1908, (Morse), 1 cf, 2 9, [Morse Cln.];
X, 6, (F. Knab), 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Fayetteville, North Carohna, IX, 9, 1911, (R. & H.), 4 cf, 4 9 .
Roan Mountain, North Carolina, VIII, 31, 1903, (Morse), 3 d", 2 9,
[Morse Chi.].
Linville, North Carohna, VIII, 30, 1903, (Morse), 7 cf, 3 9,2 juv. 9,
[Morse Chi.].
Sahida, North Carohna, VIII, 17, 1903, (Morse), 2 o^, [Morse Chi.].
Governors Island, North Carolina, VIII, 20, 1903, (Morse), 1 cT, 3 juv.
9 , [Morse Cln.].
Wilmington, North Carolina, IX, 8, 1911, (R. & H.), 4 d^, 3 9.
Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina, IX, 8, 1911, (R. & H.: in high weeds on
lake shore), 3 d", 3 9 •
Spartanburg, South Carolina, VIII, G, 1913, (H.), 1 juv. cf.
Florence, South Carolina, IX, G, 1911, (R. & H.; in green undergrowth of
deep forest and in grasses on its edge), 7 d^, 5 9 .
Yemassee, South Carolina, IX, 4, 1911, (R. & H.; grasses on edge of forest),
3 c", 2 9,1 jviv. 9.
Atlanta, Georgia, VIII, 2, 1913, (R. & H.), 1 juv. o^.
Savannah, Georgia, VIII, 14, 1903, (Morse), 1 cT, [Morse Cln.].
Sandfly, Georgia, IX, 3, 1911, (R. & H.), 1 cT, 1 9 .
Homerville, Georgia, VIII, 27, 1911, (R. & H.), 1 c?.
Billy's Island, Okeefenokee Swamp, Georgia, IX, 1 to 5, 1913, (J. C. Brad-
ley), 1 9 , [Cornell Univ.].
Atlantic Beach, Florida, VIII, 24, 1911, (R. & H.), 2 cf , 1 9 .
South Jacksonville, Florida, IX, 7, 1913, (W. T. Davis), 1 9, [Davis Cln.].
Windsor, Ontario, IX, 1894, 2 d", [Cornell Univ.].
Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, VIII, 14, 1904, (W. V. Warner), 1 c^, [U. S. N. M.j.
Salineville, Ohio, IX, 10, 1892, 1 9, [Cornell Univ.], (macropterous).
Roan Mountain Station, Tennessee, IX, 3, 1903, (Morse), 3 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Johnson City, Tennessee, VIII, 27, 1903, (Morse), 1 cf , 1 9, [Morse Cln.].
Chattanooga, Tennessee, VIII, 24, 1903, (Morse), 4 cf , 5 9, [Morse Cln.].
Flomaton, Alabama, VIII, 2, 1903, (Morse), 1 d", [Morse Cln.].
Chicago, Ilhnois, IX, 9, 1904, (H.; in waste field), 1 9 .
Moline, Illinois, IX, (McNeill), 1 a', 2 9, [Hebard Cln.].
West Point, Nebraska, IX and X, 1884 and 1885, (L. Bruner), 19 d, 33 9 ,
[Hebard Cln.], (4 cf, G 9 macropterous).
Weeping Water, Nebraska, IX, 24, 1909, (L. Bruner), 1 9. [Hebard
Chi.].
Lincoln, Nebraska, VIII (taken at light), 1 9, [Hebard Cln.], (macropter-
ous).
Table Rock, Nebraska, VIII, 25, 1904, (H.; in high grass), 1 9 .
North Platte, Nebraska, VIII, 28, 1910, (R. & H.; swamjjy areas on river
plain), 1 cf.
Hopkins, Arkansas, IX, 12, 1904, (C. R. .Jones), 1 d, [U. S. N. M.].
Beaumont, Texas, VIII, 23, 1912, (IL; grasses on swampy ground), 1 cf .
TR.\NS. AM. ENT. SOC, XI. I.
188 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oETHOPTERa)
Conocephalus resacensis ^^ new species (PL XV, fig. 6; XVI, 7; XVII, 7;
XVIII, 13 and 14; XX, 8.)
The present species somewhat resembles C. allardi and C.
hrevipennis but differs from both in the attenuate form, wider
vertex, smoother pronotum with lateral lobes even more elongate
than in allardi, different and paler coloration, much more elongate
caudal femora with genicular areas not darkened, (genicular lobes
normally unispinose as in allardi), and very different male geni-
talia, though with subgenital plate of the normal type of the
subgenus Xiphidion, as found in hrevipennis.
Type. — cf ; Piper Plantation near Brownsville, Texas. August
3, 1912. (Rehn and Hebard.) [Hebard Collection, Type No. 171 .]
Description of Type. — Size rather large for the genus, form slender and
surface very smooth. Head with dorsum of vertex, when seen from the lateral
aspect, scarcely at all depressed proximad, in same plane as the occiput;
fastigium of vertex nearly as wide as basal antennal joint, narrowing with a
decided concavity to facial suture; eyes normal. Pronotum elongate, round-
mg smoothly into the lateral lobes which are considerably longer than deep
with surface very smooth, cephalic margin of lateral lobes broadly and evenly
arcuate to the ventro-caudal angle which is moderately rounded and rectangu-
late, caudal margin of same very weakly convex to the very shallow and
scarcely appreciable humeral sinus, convex callosity very broad, somewhat
broader than in allardi and decidedly broader than in hrevipennis. Tegmina
slightly more than half the length of the caudal femora, structure very deh-
cate with veins weaker than in hrevipennis; stridulating area similar but smaller
in proportion with stridulating vein and veins of the speculum decidedly
heavier than in that species, in this latter respect more as in allardi; wings
shghtly shorter than tegmina. Abdomen and cerci unicolorous. Cerci elong-
ate; the median half quite evenly and decidedly swollen and bearing on the
internal margin at the point of gi-eatest diameter a rather long tooth, which
is broad at its base and is situated slightly lower than mesad (in vertical sense)
but entirely visible from above, this tooth directed meso-ventrad with apex
sharp and decurved; external margin of cercus very weakly concave, nearly
straight; distad the cercus narrows evenly from the swollen portion to the nai--
row blunted apex, which portion of the cercus is very weakly depressed. Sub-
genital plate bearing disto-laterad styles .7 mm. in length, the sockets of which
are produced beyond the transverse distal margin of the plate. Cephalic and
median femora much as in hrevipennis, caudal femora very long and more
attenuate than in hrevipennis, with enlarged proximal portion tapering much
more gently and with ventral margins unarmed, genicular lol^cs unispinose.'^
2'^ In reference to the "resacas" or ancient and now cut off and dried out
curves of the Rio Grande, in the gi-asses of which, surrounded by the low heavy
jungle of the river plain, the present species makes its home.
^~ The immature male before us shows this character to be varial)l(\ as this
specimen has the genicular loljes Ijispinose.
EEHN AND HEBARD 189
Allotype. — 9 ; data same as the tj'pe.
Description of Allotype. — Similar to type, very slightly larger. Lateral
lobes of pronotiim longer with caudal margin straight and humeral sinus
obsolete. Tegmina lanceolate with rather sharply rounded apex, half as long
as abdomen; wings very shghtly longer. Ovipositor longer than caudal femur,
straight. The subgenital plate embraces the base of the ovipositor and has
the distal margin broadly arcuate.
Measurements {in miUimeters)
Length of Length of Length of Length of Length of Length of
body pronotum tegmen caudal femur cercus ovipositor
Type, d". 17.2 3.7 7.1 13.4 2.1
Paratype, d'. 16.7 3.9 8.8 14.2 2.1
Allotype, 9. 16.7 4.1 6 14.4 15.2
Paratype, 9. 16.8 4.1 5.6 14,9 15.6
In the paratypic female before us the ovipositor shows a very
shght curvature.
Coloration. — Dorsum of head and pronotum with a very broad
median band of cinnamon brown, margined laterad with Ught
buff. Eyes tawny. Tegmina and wings transparent and pale
buff. Abdomen (of male) uniform ochraceous tawny including
cerci, (of female) dorso-proximal and entire distal portion
including ovipositor cinnamon brown tinged with tawny. The
remaining portions of head, body and limbs, including the gen-
icular areas of the caudal femora, Vanderpoel's green (Ridgeway).
The allotype has alone retained in large measure the original
coloration.
The present material was taken among luxuriant grasses
growing in the openings of the almost impenetrable jungles of
palm, huisache, ebony and many other trees, which occupy the
low country along the Rio Grande below Brownsville.
Specimens Examined: 6; 2 males, 2 females, 1 immature male and 1 inmiaturc
female.
Piper Plantation near Brownsville, Texas, VIII, 3, 1912, (R. & H.), 2 cT,
2 9 , type, allotype and parntypes, 1 juv. cT, 1 juv. 9 .
Conocephalus nemoralis (Scudder) (PI. XVI, figs. 8 and 9; XMI, 8;
XVIII, 15 and 16; XIX, 12; XX, 9.)
1875. Xiphidium nemorale Scudder,^^ Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvii, p. 462.
[Dallas County, Iowa.]
1891. Xiphidium curlipenne Redtenl)acher, Verb. Zool.-botan. Gesell. Wien,
xli, pp. 498, 522. [Missouri.]
'^ Single type here designated: c? ; Dallas County, Iowa, IX, 3, (J. A. Allen),
[M. C. Z.]. Measurements; length of body 10.8, of tegmen 8, of caudal femur
12.2 mm.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
190 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Scudder has properlj' synonyniized Eedtenbacher's curtipenne
with the present species. ^^
The present insect is veiy striking in form, coloration and
ovipositor, which latter, though not strongly, is more decid-
edly curved than in any other North American species of the
genus. The species is dark brown in general coloration, often
stronglj^ tinged with burnt lake and sometimes with green; the
dorsum of the pronotum, particularly in paler individuals, is
bordered bj^ very narrow lateral lines of the same pale color which
make the tegminal veins and veinlets so conspicuous in the pres-
ent species, these lateral hues are continued on the head, con-
verging to the vertex which they border.
Lateral lobes of pronotum with cephalic margin moderatel}^
convex to the ventro-caudal angle with the ventro-cephalic angle
weakly indicated, ventro-caudal angle rather broadly rounded,
rectangulate, caudal margin exceedingly weakly convex to the
subobsolete humeral sinus, convex callosity moderately broad.
Macropterism is very rare, we have but two examples of this
condition before us, females from Plummer's Island, Maryland,
and Asheville, North Carolina.
The genicular areas of the caudal femora are alwaj^s iiifuscated;
the genicular lobes of the same are each furnished with a single
rather heavy spine or very occasional^ bispinose; the ventral
margins of the caudal femora are unarmed.
The ovipositor length is as follows: Beatt^-, Pennsylvania,
9.2; Asheville, North Carolina, 8.6-9.5; Marion County, Indiana,
8.8-9; Mohne, IlHnois, 8.6; West Point, Nebraska,^" 7.8-8.7
mm. Though normally distinctly but not very strongly curved,
the ovipositor is found to vary occasionally in the degree of this
curvature as well as in length and heaviness.
The present species is widely distributed over the upper Miss-
issippi valley region as far north as West Spring Green, Wiscon-
sin, and is known eastward as far as the Hudson Palisades in
New Jerscj^; Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Washington, D. C, and
Asheville, North Carolina, and westward as far as West Point
and Lincoln, Nebraska, and Wichita, Kansas.
"Can. Ent., xxx, p. 184, (1898).
*" One female from West Point, Nel)raska, lias the ovipositor only 6.7 mm.
in length, but the whole organ appears to be somewhat abnormal and we have
consequently omitted reference to this individual elsewhere.
REHX AND HEBARD 191
Specimens Examined: Previously recorded, over 70. Here recorded 77;
23 males, 44 females, 4 immature males and 6 immature females.
Dauphin, Pemisylvania, IX, 15, 1 9, [Pa. State Dept. Zool.].
Harrisbm-g, Pennsylvania, VIII, IS, 1 d^, 2 9, 2 juv. 9, [Pa. State Dept. Zool.].
Highspire, Pennsylvania, IX, 20, 1 9, [Pa. State Dept. Zool.].
Middleto^ni, Pennsylvania, IX, 5, 2 9 , [Pa. State Dept. Zool.].
Beatty, Pennsylvania, (O. Brugger), 1 o", 1 9, [A. N. S. P.].
Sharpsbm-g, Maryland, IX, IS, 1903, (CaudeU), 1 c?, [U. S. X. .M.].
Plummer's Island, Maryland, VIII, 2.5 to X, 25, (Caudell, Barber, Fisher,
McAtee, Clemons), 9 cf , 7 9, [U. S. X. M.], (1 9 macropterous).
Washington, District of Columbia, VIII, 1883, (A.Koebele), 1 9 , [HebardChi.]
Luray, Virginia, IX, 2, 1906, (F. Ivnab), 1 9 , [U. S. X. M.].
Roan Mountain Station, Tennessee, IX, 3, 1903, (Mor.se), 4 cf, 4 9,4
juv. cf, 3 juv. 9, [Morse Cln.].
ClarksviUe, Tennessee, IX, 24 and 25, 1913, (S. E. Crumlj; on tobacco),
2 d", [U. S. X. M.].
Springvale, Tennessee, VIII, 30, 1900, 1 9, [Morse Cln.].
West Spring Green, Wisconsin, VIII, 26, 1906, (J. D. Hood), 1 9 , [Pa. State
Dept. Zool.].
West Point, Xebraska, IX, 1, (Bruner), 4 9 , [Hebard Chi.].
Omaha, Xebraska, 1 a", 1 9, [A. X. S. P.].
Ashland, Xebraska, 1 9 , [A. X. S. P.].
Weepmg Water, Xebraska, IX, 24, 1909, (Bruner), 2 cr", 8 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Lincoln, Xebraska, IX, 15, (Bruner), 1 cf , 1 9, [Hebard Cln.].
Des Momes, Iowa, VIII, 26, 1903, (CaudeU), 1 9 , (U. S. X. M.].
St. Louis, Missouri, IX, 25 to X, 27, 1875 and 1876, 1 cf , 4 9 , [U. S. X. M.].
Kh-kwood, Mis.souri, IX, 6, 1873 and X, 7, 1877, 2 9, [U. S. X. M.j.
Dardanelle, Arkansas, VIII, 31, 1905, (Morse), 1 juv. 9, [Morse Cln.].
Conocephalus occidentalis (Morse) (PI. XVI, fig. 10; XVII, 9; XVIII,
17 and IS; XIX, 13; XX, 10.)
1901. Xiphidium occidentale Morse," Can. Ent., xxxiii, p. 202. [Tehachapij
Ahwa(h)nee, Wawona, Yosemite Valley, Berkeley, Sisson[s] and Gazelle,
California; Ashland, Grant's Pass, Roseburg and Corvallis, Oregon.]
1901. X[iphidium] occidentale variety camurum Morse, Can. Ent., x.v\iii,
p. 202. [Ashland, Oregon.]
1901. X[iphidium] occidentale variety caudatum Morse,^ Can. Ent., xxxiii,
p. 203. [Mt. Shasta district, California.]
The use of such varietal names as given above appears wholly
inadvisable. The one, camurum, is based solely upon a macrop-
*i Single type designated: cf; Tehachapi, California, VIII, 3, 1897, (Morse),
[Morse Chi.]. (Morse and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila., 1915, p. 105,
(1915).)
" Single t3T)e designated : 9; Mount Shasta district, California, VII, (H.
Edwards), [M. C. Z.]. (Morse and Hebard, Proc. Xat. Sci. Phila., 1915, p.
105, (1915).
TRAXS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLl.
192 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
terous specimen of the present insect; tlie otlier, caiidatum, on
three specimens exhibiting a maximum of ovipositor length.
When we consider the prevalence of macropterism and brachyp-
terism in the species of this and many other genera, and know
that such forms are often if not always the offspring of the same
parent, we feel satisfied that such names are absolute synonyms,
the use of which can only lead to confusion and misconception
of the importance of trinomials designating valid and constant
geographic races. Morse's very large series and our own speci-
mens show considerable variation in length of ovipositor and
caudal femur; the material showing the caudal femora rather
short and the ovipositor rather long, named coudafum by Morse,
is not worthy of name designation as there is no geographic
correlation and such variations are frequent in the species of the
genus.
The present species, although differing ver}^ decidedly in many
important characters, shows much the nearest affinity to C.
nenioralis, to which insect it also l^ears a closer general resem-
blance than to any other American species.
The great majority of specimens before us have the limbs
and sides of head, pronotum and abdomen, brown; a very few
examples have these portions green. The females have the
a])domen usually rather distinctly marked dorso-mesad with a
double row of dark markings, while on each side is situated a
narrow band, usually of even darker coloration.
The lateral lobes of the pronotum are rather similar to those
of nemoraUs, but are somewhat broader, with angles more broadly
rounded and humeral sinus slightly more appreciable.
Macropterism is very rare, we have examined the unique
female in the Morse collection which exhibits this condition.
The genicular areas of the caudal femora are weakly or not
at all infuscated; the genicular lobes of the same are unispinose
in all of the specimens we have examined; the ventral margins
of the caudal femora are unarmed.
The ovipositor length is as follows: Sisson, Cafifornia, 14.2-
15.7; Shasta County, California, 11.1; Sentinel, California,
10.3-12.6; Mariposa Grove, California, 10.1-11; Mill Valley,
Cafifornia, 8.7 mm. The ovipositor is usually very weakly
curved but in some specimens it is almost absolutely' straight.
REHN AND HEBARD 193
The present species is peculiar to the Pacific coast and has l)ecn
found there from Corvalhs, Oregon, southward through the moun-
tains as far as Tehachapi, Cahfornia, and on the coast in the
vicinity of San Francisco.
SpecimeHs Examined: Previously recorded 156. Here recorded, 19; 7 male.s,
10 females and 2 immature females.
Mount Shasta, California, IX, 1885, (J. Behrens), 1 d", [Hebard Cln.].
Shasta County, California, VII, 1885, (J. Behrens), 1 juv. 9 ; VIII to IX,
1885, (J. Behrens), 1 cf , 1 9, [all Hebard Cln.].
Sisson, California, VIII, 15, 1909, (R. & H.; in grasses of marsliy meadow),
4 cf , 9 9,1 juv. 9.
Sacramento, California, VIII, 20, 1904, {M. Xawa), 1 cf , [U. S. N. M.].
Conocephalus strictus (Scudder) (PI. XVI, fig. 11; XVII, 10; XVIII, 19
and 20; XX, 11.)
1862. X[iphidium] ensifer Scudder, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., vii, p. 451. [Lawn
Ridge, Illinois.] (In part.)
1875. XipJddium siridum Scudder,''^ Proc. Bost. Soc. Xat. Hist., xvii, p. 400.
[Dallas, Texas.]
This species averages larger and has the ovipositor averaging
longer than in an}'' other species found in the United States.
Though differing very decidedly from C. nemoralis and occiden-
talis, the present insect shows unquestionably an extreme devel-
opment from a common ancestor with these species.
In coloration the dorsum of the abdomen, the cerci and the
ovipositor are dark brown, the remaining portions of the insect
are green excepting the usual medio-dorsal dark stripe on the head
and pronotum which is narrowly bordered with buff, in the females
these narrow dorso-lateral buff lines are continued on the abdo-
men to the base of the ovipositor. Material from the arid south-
west usually shows a decidedly paler type of coloration in which
the dorsum of the abdomen is often very weakly infuscated or
greenish yellow; frequently in pale females from this region the
color pattern described alcove is strongly defined, the abdomen
showing a very broad medio-dorsal fuscous band bordered by a
narrow buffy band on each side, the sides of the abdomen below
this infuscated, this coloration heaviest dorsad along the bor-
ders of the pale dorso-lateral bands, thus making them very pro-
nounced.
^3 Single type here designated: 9 ; Dallas, Texas, (Boll), [M. C. Z.j. Meas-
urements; length of body 16.6, of tegmen 4.2, of caudal femur 16.4, of ovi-
positor 24.7 mm.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
194 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
Lateral lobes of pronotum large, cephalic margins straight to the
distinct but broadly obtuse-angulate ventro-cephaHc angle, thence
straight to the broadly rounded ventro-caudal angle which is ap-
proximately rectangulate, caudal margin distinctly convex to the
distinct humeral sinus, convex callosity very broad.
jMacropterism is very rare in the present species, 11 of over
5C0 adult specimens at present before us represent this condition.
The genicular areas of the caudal femora are not infuscated;
the genicular lobes of the same are unispinose; the ventral mar-
gins of the caudal femora are unarmed.
The ovipositor length is as follows: Mount Airy, Pennsylvania,
17.7-23.1; Fern Hill, Pennsylvania, 19.4-28.1; Marshall County,
Indiana, 20.1-21.8; St. Louis, Missouri, 20.9-21.3; West Point,
Nebraska, 17.7-22.8;"Dodge City, Kansas, 17.9-22.6; Dickinson,
Texas, 21.2-25; Beeville, Texas, 25.2-32.3; Sycamore Canon,
Baboquivari Mts., Arizona, 19.7-24.4 mm. The ovipositor usu-
ally shows a very weak curvature but in occasional specimens it
is almost absolutely straight. Nowhere in the series of the pres-
ent genus before us is the variability in ovipositor length more
strikingly illustrated, for the range in length is from 17.7 to 32.3,
showing a variation of 14.6 mm. The material before us shows
that in some localities the species develops an ovipositor averag-
ing longer or shorter than in others, but the fact is also proven
by this material that nowhere in the wide distribution of the
species does a recognizable geographic race occur, or even a form
which might usually be distinguishable, in spite of the wide range
of ovipositor length.
On the Atlantic coast the species is known from Staten Island,
New York, south to Newbern, North CaroUna; westward it
has been taken as far north as southwestern Minnesota, other
westernmost records being Hot Springs, South Dakota; Kearney,
Nebraska ; Syracuse, Kansas, and Cisco, Texas, while on the Rio
Grande it has been taken at Brownsville and Del Rio, Texas.
In the mountain regions of the arid southwest the species is
again found (Marathon, Texas; Mesilla, New Mexico, and the
Baboquivari Mountains, Arizona), and it will almost certainly
be found to have a wide range over the highest portions of north-
ern Mexico and for some distance along the Gulf coast of that
country.
REHN AND HEBARD 195
Specimens Examined: Previously recorded, over 50. Here recordcnl, oOo;
217 males, 249 females, 4 immature males and 35 immatvu'o females.
Cornwells, Pennsylvania, IX, 7, 1914 (H.; j)asture, in area of Andropoqon),
3 c^, 1 9 ; IX, 11, 1906, (R. & H.), 19.
Ashbourne, Pennsylvania, X, 27, 1900, (B. Long), 1 c?, 4 9, [A. X. S. P.],
(1 9 maci-opterous).
Mount Airy, Pennsylvania, IX, 12, 1903, (H.), 1 cf ; IX, 24, 1914, II.: up-
land pasture, very abundant in Andropogon virginicus), 6 cf , 10 9 .
Tinicum Island, Pennsylvania, IX, 9, 1904, (R. & H.), 1 o^, 1 9, 1 juv. 9.
Addingham, Peiuisvlvania, VIII, 13. 1914, (D. Culver), 1 cf , 2 juv. 9, [A.
N. S. P.].
Castle Rock, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, IX, 19, 1909, (R. & II.: luxu-
riant vegetation in deciduous forest), 4 cf , 7 9 , (1 9 macropterous).
Fern Hill, Chester County, Pennsylvania, IX, 19, 1908, (R. & H.; gras.scs
on serpentine outcrop), 11 cf , 13 9, (1 cf and 1 9 macropterous).
Marcus Hook, Pennsvlvania, VIII, 11, 1905, (P. Lorrilliere), 1 juv. 9 , [A. \.
S. P.].
Harrisbm-g, Pennsylvania, Wetzel's swamp, IX, 30, 1 9 , [Pa. State Dept.
Zool.], (macropterous).
Rockville, Pennsylvania, VII, 29, 1 juv. 9, [Pa. State Dept. Zool.[.
Ocean View, Xew Jersey, VII, 27, 1914, (H; upland field), 1 juv. a , 3 juv.
9 ; IX, 8 to X, 9, 1909 to 1911, (H. Fox), 2 cT, 3 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Wiklwood Junction, Xew Jersey, VIII, 27 to VIII, 8, 1914, (H.; hi waste field
particularly about baybcrry l)ushes), 3 juv. cf, 5 juv. 9.
Washington, District of Columbia, VIII and IX, 1883, 2 cf, 2 9, [Hebard
Cln.], (1 9 macropterous; VIII, IS to XI, 14, (Caudell, Allard), 3 o", 7 9,
[U. S. X. M.], 3 9 (macropterous).
Arlington, Virginia, X, 10, 1912, (Allard), 1 cf , 2 9, [U. S. X. M.].
Falls Church, Virginia, IX, 4, 1906, (Caudell), 1 juv. 9 , [U. S. X. M.].
Xorfolk, Virginia, IX. 8, 1903, (Mor.se), 2 cf , 2 9, [Morse Cln.].
Virginia Beach, Virginia, IX, 7, 1903, (Morse), 1 9, [Morse Cln.].
Appomattox, Virginia, IX, 6, 1903, (Morse), 15 cf, 15 9, 2 juv. 9, [Mor.se
Cln.].
Utica, Mississippi, VIII, 1 juv. 9, [U. S. X. M.].
Lawn Ridge, Illinois, 1 9, one of the types of X iphidium ensifer Scudder,
[M. C. Z.].
Urbana, Ilhnois, X, 15, 1905, (C. A. Hart), 1 o^, 1 9, [Hel)ard Cln.].
Iowa City, Iowa, VIII, 1889, (B. Shimek), 1 cf , 1 juv. 9 , [IIel)ard Cln.].
Des Moines, Iowa, VIII, 26, 1903, (Caudell), 1 cf , 1 9, [U. S. X. M.].
St. Louis, Missouri, IX, 25 to X, 27, 1875 and 1876, 1 cf . 7 9 , [U. S. X. M.j;
X, 9, 1904, (C. L. Heink), 4 9, [Hebard Cln.j.
Kirkwood, Missouri, X, 1877, 1 cf, 3 9, [U. S. X. M.].
Fayetteville, Arkansas, IX, 5, 1905, (Morse), 9 cf , 6 9, [Morse Cln.].
Hot Springs, South Dakota, X, 1888, 1 9 , [Hebard, Cln.].
West Point, Xebraska, VIII to X, 1884, (L. Bruner), 3 cf , 9 9, [Hebard
Cln.j.
South Bend, Xebraska, X, 15, 1910, (L. Bruner), 1 9, [Hebard Cln.].
TRAXS. AM. F.XT. SOC, XI.I.
196 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Weeping Water, Nebraska, IX, 29, 1909, (L. Bruner), 3 9, [Hebard CIn.].
Lincoln, Nebraska, IX, 3 and 15, 1909, (L. Bruner), 3 c?, 6 9, [Hebard
Cln.], (1 9 macropterous).
Kearney, Nebraska, VII, 27, 1910, (R. & H.; in patches of higher grasses on
river bottoms), 9 c?, 9 9,2 juv. 9 .
Howe, Oklahoma, VIII, 4, 1905, (Morse), 3 c^, 2 juv. 9, [Morse Cln.].
Wilburton, Oklahoma, VIII, 27, 1905, (Morse), 7 c?, 4 9, [Morse Cln.].
South McAlester, Oklahoma, VIII, 7, 1905, (Morse), 11 cf , 6 juv. 9 , [Morse
Cln.].
Caddo, Oklahoma, VIII, 8, 1905, (Morse), 1 o", 1 9,1 juv. 9 , [Morse Chi.].
ShawTiee, Oklahoma, VIII, 26, 1905, (Morse), A 6^,2 9, [Morse Cln.].
Base of Mount Sheridan, Oklahoma, VIII, 24, 1905, (Morse), 2 9 , [Morse
Cln.].
Cache, Oklahoma, VIII, 23, 1905, (Morse), 5 c?, 6 9, [Morse Cln.].
Mountain Park, Oklahoma, VIII, 22, 1905, (Morse), 2 c^, 3 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Denison, Texas, VIII, 12, 1905, (Morse), 4 cf , 3 9, [Morse Chi.].
Wichita FaUs, Texas, VIII, 15, 1905, (Morse), 4 d^, 11 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Dodge City, Kansas, IX, 13, 1909, (H.; higher grasses in prairie depressions),
14 cf', 15 9, (1 cf macropterous).
Syracuse, Kansas, IX, 12, 1909, (R. &H.; higher grasses in prairie depres-
sions), 1 c?', 9 9.
Piano, Texas, VIII, 1907, (E. S. Tucker), 1 d", [U. S. N. M.].
Sagamore Hill, Tarrant County, Texas, IX, 27, 1912, (R. & H.), 1 juv. 9 .
Cisco, Texas, IX, 21 and 22, 1912 (R. & H.; scarce in high meadow grasses),
2 cf, 2 9.
Flatonia, Texas, VIII, 19 and 20, 1912, (R. & H.; in bunch grass, immature
specimens occasional), 1 9 .
Galveston, Texas, VII, 19 to 21, 1912, (H.), 3 c?, 3 9 .
Virginia Point, Texas, VII, 21, 1912, (H.; in moderate numbers in weeds
and tall grass growing at a level slightly higher than tidal marsh) ,3 cf , 3 9 .
La Marque, Texas, VIII, 22, 1912, (H.), 10 cf , 3 9 .
Dickinson, Texas, VII, 20, 1912, (H.; nowhere common but widely distrib-
uted in low green plants in pine woods), 3 d^, 8 9 .
Webster, Texas, VII, 19, 1912, (H. ; occasional in plant clumps on prairie), 1 d' .
Rosenberg, Texas, VII, 25 and 2G, 1912, (H.; common and widely distributed
in weeds and gra.sses), 4 c?, 3 9 •
Victoria, Texas, VII, 26 and 27, 1912, (H.; occasional in weeds), 2 d", 3 9.
Beeville, Texas, VII, 28, 1912, (H.), 3 d,3 9.
Gregory, Texas, VII, 30, 1912, (H.), 2 cf , 2 9.
RobstowTi, Texas, VIII, 9, 1912, (IL), 1 cf , 2 9 .
Lyford, Texas, VIII, 6 and 7, 1912, (R. & H.), 2 cf, 2 9,1 juv. 9 .
BrownsviUe, Texas, VII, 30 to VIII, 5, 1912, (H.), 2 d', 2 9 ■
Clarendon, Texas, VIII, 18, 1905, (Morse), 9 d', 6 9, [Morse Cln.], (1 9
macropterous) .
Amarillo, Texas, VIII, 19, 1905, (Morse), 1 cT, [Morse Cln.].
Del Rio, Texas, VIII, 22 and 23, 1912, (H.; area of hea\y grass with clumps
of cat-tails in river bottoms), 1 d.
REHN AND HEBARD 197
Marathon, Texas, VIII, 26 and IX, 13, 1912, (R. & H.; scarce in hifih jirecn
grass in wet spots), 5 d^, 3 9 .
Boulder, Colorado, VIII, 9, 190.5, (T. A. D. Cockerel!), i d,l 9,4 juv. 9 ,
[U. S. X. M.].
Sycamore Caiion, Baboquivari Mountains, Ai-izona, X, 8, 1910, c. 4700 ft.,
(H.; common in dry grasses on canon slopes at upper forks), 21 d^, 23 9 .
Oonocephalus hygrophilus " new species (PI. XV, fig. 9, XVI, 12; XVII,
11; XVIII, 21 and 22; XX, 12.)
This insect shows nearest relationship to C. stictomerus, and
some affinity to C aigialus, differing from the latter species in
the larger size, much broader but otherwise similar vertex, deeper
lateral lobes of the pronotum with the ventro-caudal angle more
acute, not strikingly truncate distal extremity of the male abdo-
men, different male cerci and longer caudal femora. The male
cerci are distinctive, the nearest development in this respect
being found in C. stictomerus.
The species probably will be found in numerous localities in
the heavier vegetation along the margins of salt marshes and
about brackish and fresh water swamps on the Gulf coast, Httle
work has as yet been done there in such environment.
Type. — 9 ; Virginia Point, Galveston County, Texas. July 21,
1912. (Hebard.) [Hebard Collection, Type No. 172.]
Description of Type. — Size large for the genus, form robust and rather elon-
gate. Head with dorsum of vertex when seen from the lateral aspect not
strongly but distinctly ascending above the plane of the occiput (shghtly more
so than in C. aigialus and much as in C. stictomerus), fastigium of vertex ahnost
as wide as basal antennal joint, narrowing with a distinct concavity to the facial
suture, when seen from front about half again as deep as wide. Eyes large for
the genus and unusually protruding. When seen from above the lateral lobes
of pronotum diverge rather strongly ventro-laterad; cephalic margin of lateral
lobes with the ventro-cephalic angle very weakly indicated, broadh^ arcuate
to the ventro-caudal angle which is very sharply rounded and weakly acute-
angulate, caudal margin very weakly convex to the very shallow humeral sinus,
convex callosity broad. Tegmina delicate in structure, elongate, reaching a
little beyond tips of caudal femora; wings decidedly longer, extending beyond
apex of ovipositor. Ovipositor decidedly shorter than caudal femur, broad,
approximately straight in direction but showing a very evident open-sigmoid
curve. Subgenital plate flat, with lateral margins convex and tiirned upward
sharply, thus embracing the base of the ovipositor, meso-caudal portion of
margin transverse. Cephalic and median limbs much as in aigialus, caudal
limbs decidedly longer, caudal femora with ventro-external margins armed with
a few small stout spines (2 and 2), genicular lobes strongly bi-spinose.
*• From hypo, and <^tXos, a lover of the watery ways.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
198 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Allotype. — cf" ; Milneburg, Orleans Parish, Louisiana. Juty 22,
1905. (A. P. Morse.) [Morse Collection.]
Descripiion of Allolype. — Very similar to type, size slightly smaller. Tegmina
very similar to those of aigialus, delicate in structure, abbreviate, reaching to
base of penultimate dorsal abdominal segment, tympanum short and broad,
veins and veinlets very delicate; wings slightly shorter than tegmina. Distal
portion of abdomen, including cerci, raw sienna. Cerci elongate, mesal por-
tion ovate, bulbous and swollen with that portion above ventro-proximal tooth
produced in an overhanging knob-like protuberance, at the proximal base of
this swelling is situated interno-ventrad a slender decurved tooth, directed mesad
and nearly perpendicular to the shaft of the cercus, the external margin of which
is weakly concave, beyond the mesal sweUing the cercus is greatly depressed
and flattened, this distal portion strongly produced with sides very weakly
converging to the broadly rounded aiyex. Subgenital plate bearing disto-
laterad short styles, the distal margin of the plate is weakly convex.
Measuronents (in millinietcrs)
Length of
Length of Length of Length of caudal Length Length of
body pronotuni tegmen femur of cercus ovipositor
Milnehnrcr, La., Allotype. IG.S 3.7 10.. 3 13.8 2
9
Virginia Point, Tex., T.vpf. 17.2 3.8 18.6 13.9 10.4
Coloration. — General color pale green (bright green in life).
Eyes cinnamon brown. Dorsum of head and pronotum with a
weakly indicated band of pale brown. Tegmina and wings trans-
parent, warm buff. Distal half of male abdomen, including cerci,
raw sienna; in life prol^ably much more brilliant and approaching
orange more closely in shade. In the female the abdomen at the
base of the ovipositor is washed weakly with this color. Genic-
ular areas of caudal femora yellowish.
The unique female of the present species before us is macro p-
terous, while the unique male is brachypterous.
The ventro-external margins of the caudal femora are armed
with small but heavy spines; in the female 2-2, and in the male
3-4.
The present species is only known from the localities given
below.
Specimens Examined: 2; 1 male and 1 female.
Mikieburg, Louisiana, VII, 22, 190.5, (Morse), 1 cf , allotype, [Morse Chi.],
(brachypterous) .
Virginia Point, Texas, VII, 21, 1912, (H.; in heavy grasses on edge of salt
marsh), 1 9, type, (macropterous).
REHN AND HEBARD 199
Conocephalus stictomerus ^^ new species (PL XV, fig. 10; XVI, 13; XVII,
12; XVIIl, 23 and 24; XX, 13.)
1911. Conocephalus ensiferus Rehn and Hebard (not Xiphidiinn ensifer
Scudder, 1862), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1910, p. 643. (In part.)
[Macropterous pair; Ptaleigh, North Carolina.]
The above error was a result of the specimens being in a very-
bad state of preservation, combined with the fact that at the time
many of the characters of the greatest importance in distinguish-
ing the North American species of the genus remained unstudied.
This species shows a development almost intermediate be-
tween C. hygrophilus and C. nigiahis, but differs from both of
these species in the very nnich narrower vertex, in the male cerci
which are similar to those of hygrophilus but distinctly less special-
ized, and in the ovipositor which is very decidedly longer than
the maximum found in either of the above mentioned forms.
The coloration is very distinctive, no approach to it being found
in an}^ of the known species of the genus.
The present insect inhabits the middle Atlantic coastal plain,
where it is to be found in the luxuriant grasses growing al^out the
borders of marshes near fresh and Ijrackish water.
Type. — cf ; Cedar Springs, Cape Alay County, New Jersey-.
August 26, 1914. (Hebard.) [Hebard Collection, Type No. 173J.
Description of Type. — Size rather large for the genus, form rather slender.
Head with dorsum of vertex when seen from the lateral aspect distinctly ascend-
ing above the plane of the occiput (much as in C. fiygrophilus and more so than
in C. aigialus), fastigium of vertex narrow, very little more than half as wide as
the basal antennal joint, narrowing with a scarcely appreciable concavity to the
facial suture, when seen from front over twice as deep as the greatest width.
Eyes normal in size but unusually protruding. Pronotum moderately con-
stricted, with lateral lobes narrower than in C. hygrophilus and C. aigialus,
similar in this respect to C. hrevipennis, cephalic margin nearly straight, ventro-
cephalic angle very broadly rounded obtuse-angulate, ventral margin very
weakly concave to the broadly rounded but acute-angulate ventro-caudal angle,
caudal margin weakly convex to the very shallow humeral sinus, coiivex ('allos-
ity very narrow. Tegmina delicate in structure, abbreviate, reaching to mid-
dle of penultimate dorsal aljdominal segment, tympanum much as in hrevipen-
nis; wings slightly shorter than tegmina. Cerci elongate, mesal portion
with proximal section enlarged and produced above ventro-proximal tooth in
an overlianging heavy knob-like protuberance, at the l)ase of this swelling is
■'^ From srtKr OS = spotted and ;U77p6s= thigh, in allusion to the remarkal)le
spots and dots of coral red found on the thighs of individuals of this species
during life.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
200 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
situated a slender decurved tooth which is, however, broad at its base, this tooth
directed mesad and nearly perpendicular to the shaft of the cercus, the external
margin of which is weakly angulato-concave, beyond the proximo-mesal
swelling the cercus is greatly depressed and flattened particularly on the inner
side, this distal half strongly produced with sides very weakly converging to
the broadly rounded apex. Subgenital plate bearing disto-laterad very short
styles, distal margin of the plate very weakly convex, nearly transverse.
Cephalic and median limbs much as in brevipennis, caudal limbs decidedly
longer, caudal femora with ventro-external margins armed with a number of
small stout teeth (3 and 3), genicular lobes strongly bispinose. Coloration of
insect distinctive and striking.
Allotype. — 9 ; data same as the type.
Description of Allotype. — Similar to type, very shghtly larger. Tegmina
lanceolate with rather sharply rounded apex, half as long as abdomen; wings
sHghtly shorter. Ovipositor distinctly but not decidedly longer than caudal
femur, broad, approximately straight in du-ection but showing a very evident
open-sigmoid curve. Subgenital plate similar to that of hygrophilus. Colora-
tion distinctive and striking as in type.
Measurements {in millimeters)
-71 Length of Length of Length of Length of Lensjth of
O body pronotum legmen caudal femur cercus
Cedar Springs, N. J.,
Type 14.4 3,2 8.7 12.4 2
Cedar Springs, N. J.,
Paratypes 13.4-14.4 3-3.3 8-9.2 12.3-13.7 1.9-2.1
Chestertown, Md 12.4-13.6 2.9-3 8.7-11.6 13-13.8 2-2.2
Raleigh, N. C 14.9-15 3.4-3.5 18.3-18.4 14-15.1 2.1-2.2
Q Length of
V ovipositor
Cedar Springs, N. J.,
Allotype 15,3 3.3 9.8 14.7 15
Cedar Springs, N. J.,
Paratypes 11.1-lG 2.9-3.4 6.9-9.8 12.6-14.7 13.7-15.1
Chestertown, Md 13.4 3.7 7.8 15.3 IS.l
Churchland, Va 14.5 3.7 9.2 15.6 19.8
Raleigh, N. C 14.3-15.5 3.4-3.6 18.3-18.8 14.3-15.2 16.1-16.7
Color ation.^^ — ^Lower portions of lateral lobes of pronotum, all
of thorax, proximal two-fifths of male abdomen and all femora
lettuce green. In life the swollen portions of the caudal femora
■""' The material upon which these color notes are based was, when fresh,
kept in a 3% solution of formaldehyde for about ten hours. This treatment
has preserved the gi-een coloration almost in its entirety, but the other delicate
colors are not as brilliant as in life and the coral red spots of the caudal femora
have wholly disappeared. Still weaker solutions of formaldehyde, applied for
a longer time, may l)e found to hold these evanescent colors. At present our
exj)criinents are preliminary but have shown a definite im])rovement over sim-
ply drying the material.
REHN AND HEBARD 201
are strikingly marked with irregularly placed spots and dots of
coral red; these in the immature condition are much darker,
reddish brown in color, and are still evident in dried mate-
rial. Tibiae green, much suffused with brown. Face capucine
orange with a median vertical stripe of mahogany red extending
from the vertex to the base of the clypeus, genae clouded with
mahogany red. Dorsum of head and pronotum with a broad me-
dian band of mahogany red, the remaining lateral portions of the
occiput and pronotum including the upper portions of the lateral
lobes capucine buff, the area between this and the green portion
of the lateral lobes clouded with mahogany red. Eyes very deep
mahogany red. Tegmina and wings transparent, salmon buff.
Distal three-fifths of male abdomen, including cerci, orange
rufous. Abdomen and ovipositor of female sudan brown, shaft
of latter washed with green. Genicular areas of caudal femora
suffused with reddish brown.
The material before us shows httle local size variabilitj^; in
southward distribution there is a slight increase in size.
All of the specimens before us from New Jersey and Maryland
are brachypterous, while those from North Carolina are all
macropterous.
The ventro-external margins of the caudal femora are armed
with small but heavj^ spines, (approximate average, three and
four) ; these are found in the thirty-two perfect specimens before
us as follows:
Number of spines, 0-0 0-1 1-2 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-.5 3-3
Number of specimens, 1113 1127
Number of spines, 3-4 3-.5 3-6 3-7 4-4 4-5 5-5 6-6
Number of specimens, 3 2 113 3 1 1
The series from which the present species is described was
taken in a heavy growth of panic grass (Panicum virgatum), one
to one and one-half feet high, interspersed with various marsh
plants in a limited marshy area on the border of a brackish stream.
Two hours strenuous and continuous beating was nocessaiy to
secure the series, as the species was very scarce. Though not un-
usually active in their movements, the insects proved to possess
extreme facility in concealing themselves. The species is known to
range from Cedar Springs, New Jersey, to Raleigh. North Carolina.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
202 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oETHOPTERA)
Specimens Examined: 42; \1 males, 23 females and 2 immature females.
Cedar Springs, New Jersey, VIII, 14, 1914, (H.; in high marsh grass), 1 juv.
9 ; VIII, 26, 1914, (H.; in high marsh gi-ass), 12 cf, 13 9,1 juv. 9 , ty-pe, allo-
type and paratypes, [Hebard Cln.].
Chestertown, Maryland, VIII, 19 and 23, 1899, (E. G. Vanatta), 2 o^, 1 9 ,
[A. N. S. P.].
Churchland, Vii'ginia, VIII, 8 and IX, 15, 1914, (H. Fox; in brackish marsh,
one in Sparlina glabra), 2 9, [Fox Chi.].
Raleigh, North Carolina, VIII, 6 and 16, 1904, (C. S. Brimley; hght at night),
1 cf , 1 9 , [Hebard Cln.]; IX, 9 and 16, 1905, (C. S. Brimley), 2 c?, 6 9 , [U. S.
N. M.], (aU macropterous) .
Conocephalus aigialus^' new species (PI. XV, fig. 7; XVI, 14; XVII, 13;
XVIIl, 25 and 26; XX, 14.)
1907. Xiphidion nigropleurum (?) Rehn and Hebard (not Xiphidium nigro-
pleurum Bruner, 1891), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1907, p. 313. (In part.)
[1 9 ; Pablo Beach, Florida.]
1911. Conocephalus brevipennis Rehn and Hebard (not Xiphidium brevipennis
Scudder, 1862), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1910, p. 643. (In part.) [1
d" ; Cape Henry, Virginia.]
As noted above the present authors have twice failed to recog-
nize single specimens of the present species as distinct from the
then known species. This was chiefly due to the fact that
scarcely any material from the salt marshes of the Atlantic
coast was then availalile, and, in a genus showing such great
variability as the present, no definite knowledge of the forms
already described and the number of species really present could
be gleaned from the inadequate series at that time in hand.
The present species bears a shght superficial resemblance^ to
C. brevipennis and C. spartinae, but may at once be separated
from these by the decidedly more rol)ust and compact structui'c,
unusually prominent eyes, heavy truncate distal portion of the
male abdomen, which in life is a bright and striking yellow and
bears concolorous cerci which are distinctive (but plainly a de-
velopment of the type found in C. stidomerus and C. hygrophilus),
broad and weakly sigmoid ovipositor, and short, heavy limbs
with the vcntro-cxternal margins of the caudal femora l)earing
normally a number of heavy spines.
Along the coast of Georgia and Florida, where spartinae is
also found in the salt marshes, the present insect averages decid-
edly larger in size than that sjjccies.
■•^ From al7taX6s=the sea shore.
REHN AND HEBARD 203
As its name implies the present insect inhabits salt marsh
vegetation, on the beaches and along the tidal rivers of the Atlan-
tic coast, where its habits are very similar to those of spartinae;
in the present case, however, the insect is found not out on the
marshes but in the halophytic vegetation along their borders and
in similar vegetation on the beaches.
Tijpe. — cf; Wrightsville, New Hanover County, North Caro-
lina. September 7, 1911. (Rehn and Hebard.) [Hel)ard Col-
lection, Type No. 17-4.].
Description of Type. — Size medium, form robust and compart. Head with
dorsum of vertex when seen from the lateral aspect distinctly though sUghtly
ascending above the plane of the occiput, fastigium of vertex narrow, little
more than half as wide as the basal antennal joint, narrowing with a scarcely
appreciable concavity to the facial sutm-e, when seen from front over twice a.s
deep as the greatest width. Eyes large for the genus and unusually protruding.
Pronotum short with lateral lobes diverging rather strongly ventro-laterad,
lateral lobes with cephalic margin broadly and evenly arcuate to (h> veutro-
caudal angle which is rather sharply rounded and nearly rectangulate, caudal
margin very weakly convex to the very shallow humeral siniLs, convex callosity
broad. Tegmina delicate in structure, al)breviate, reaching to base of penulti-
mate dorsal abdominal segment; tympanum small, short and broad; veins and
veinlets very delicate, more so than in brevipennis . Wings slightly shorter than
tegmina. Abdomen with distal extremity enlarged and truncate, distal half
including cerci bright and striking yellow in life. Cerci short, Inilbous and
swollen mesad in a large and nearly circular area at the proximal base of which
is situated a slender ventro-internal tooth directed mesad and nearly perpen-
dicular to the shaft of the cercus, the external margin of which is very weakly
concave, beyond the mesal swelling the cercus is gi-eatly depressed, this distal
portion with sides rapidly and evenly converging to the rather shari)ly rounded
apex. Subgenital plate bearing disto-laterad very short styles, the distal
margin of the plate is very weakly convex, nearly transverse. Limbs shorter
and heavier than in spartinae or brevipennis, caudal femora with ventro-external
margins armed with a number of small stout teeth (.5 and 5), genicular lobes
strongly bispinose.
Allotype. — ■ 9 ; data same as the type.
Description of Allotype. — Very similar to type, size somewhat larger. Teg-
mina lanceolate, ta[)ering to the very sharply rounded apex, reaching to distal
third of abdomen. Ovipositor distinctly but not decidedly shorter than caudal
femur, broad, approximately straight in direction but showing a very evident
open-sigmoid curve. Sul)genital plate flat, with lateral margins turnetl ujjward
sharply and embracing the base of the ovipositor, distal margin of flat surface
transverse.
TRANS. .\M. EXT. SOC, XLI..
204 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Measurements {in millimeters)
Length of Length of Length of Length of Length of
body pronotum tegmen caudal femur cercus
Cape Henry, Va. .. . 12.6 3.1 8.6 11.9 1.8
Wright svilie, N. C,
Type 12.9 3.1 7.3 10.9 1.8
Wrightsville, N. C,
Parntypes . . . . 11.9-13.7 3.1-3.4 6.8-8.3 10.7-12.3 1.6-1.9
Tybee Island, Ga. 14.2-15.2 3.3-3.8 8.2-9.6 12.2-13.3 1.8-2
South Jacksonville,
Fla 13.6-14.9 3.7-3.8 16-17.7 12.6-13 1.9-2
Q Length of
^ ovipositor
Wrightsville, N.C.,
Allotype 13.7 3.4 7.8 12.2 10.7
Wrightsville, N.C.,
Paratypes . . . . 11.6-15.8 3.2-3.8 7.1-7.4 12.1-13.2 10.6-10.8
Tybee Island, Ga. 14-15.9 3.7-4.3 7.2-9.3 12.7-15 10.7-11.7
South Jacksonville,
Fla 15.3-17.2 3.8-4.3 18.1-19.7 14-14.4 11.9-13.7
South Jacksonville,
Fla 16.3 4.1 9.7 15 12.8
Pablo Beach, Fla. 15.2 4.1 10.6 15.3 13.4
Coloration. — General color pale green (bright green in life).
Dorsum of head and pronotum with a broad median band of
cinnamon brown. Eyes natal brown to ecru drab (in life some-
times orange buff). Tegmina and wings transparent, light buff.
Distal half of male abdomen, including cerci, orange buff (brighter
and very striking in life), in living females the abdomen at the
base of the russet ovipositor is usually washed with this color.
Genicular areas of caudal femora frequently very weakly suffused
with brown.
A distinct increase in size in the southward distribution of the
species is noted, but each large series shows a decided amount of
local size variability as well.
Macropterism is found in two males and three females from
the vicinity of Jacksonville, Florida, out of the thirty-four speci-
mens before us.
The degree of production of the distal portion of the male
cerci is found to be occasionally variable.
The ventro-external margins of the caudal femora are armed
with small but heavy spines, in number averaging four and five;
2-2
3-4
3-5
3-6
4-4
1
2
2
2
2
4-5
4-G
5-5
5-6
5-7
9
1
5
3
1
EEHN AND HEBARD 205
these are present in the twenty-nine perfect specimens before us
as follows :
Number of spines, 1-4
Number of specimens, 1
Number of spines,
Number of specimens,
The present species is found in salt marsh vegetation on the
beaches and along the tidal rivers of the Atlantic coast from Cape
Henry, Virginia, to Pablo Beach, Florida.
Specimens Examined: 34; 14 males and 20 females.
Cape Henry, Virginia, VIII, 18, 1908, (R.; in dune vegetation on beach), 1 cf .
Oceanview, Virginia, VIII, 9, 1904, (Caudellj, 1 9, [U. S. N. M.].
Wrightsville, North Carolina, IX, 7, 1911, (R. & H.; in undergrowth near
beach and under live oaks in grass on edge of marsh), 5 cf , 8 9 , type, allotype
and paralypes.
Tybee Island, Georgia, VIII, 12 and 13, 1903, (Morse), 3 o^, 6 9 ; IX, 2,
1911, (H.; occasional along edge and in borders of salt marsh in high grasses),
6 cf, 6 9.
Jacksonville, Florida, (T. J. Priddey), 1 9, [Hebard Cln.], (macro])terous).
South Jacksonville, Florida, IX, 6 and 7, 1913, (W. T. Davis), 2 d , S 9,
[Davis Cln.], (2 cf , 2 9 macropterous).
Pablo Beach, Florida. VIII, 11, 190.5, (R. & H.), 1 9.
Conocephalus nigropleurum (Bruner) (PI. XVI, fig. 1.5; XVII, 14: XVIII,
27 and 2S; XIX, 14; XX. 1.5.)
1891. Xiphidium nigropleurum Bruner,^'* Can. Ent., xxiii, p. 58. [Eastern
Nebraska to Antelope County.]
1898. Xiphidium nigropleura Scudder, Can. Ent., xxx, p. 184. (Emendation,
in key to species.)
The coloration of the present insect makes it the most l)eauti-
ful, and one of the most distinctive in appearance, of the North
American forms. The margins of the lateral lobes and of the
dorsum of the pronotum, the limbs, tegmina and cerci are a rich
and vivid green; the face and genae, sides of boch' just below
proximal portion of the tegmina and median areas of the lateral
lobes and the dorsum of the pronotum, are dark brown; the
dorsal surface of the head is marked with a median black line,
the portions between this and the eyes are yellowish brown. Tlie
abdomen is shining black, the dorsum of the same sometimes
dark brown, particularly in females.
••^ Single type selected by Rehn and Hebard, Proc. .\cad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1912, p. 124, (1912).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
206 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Lateral lobes of pronotum ample (larger than in C. attenuatus) ,
cephalic margin straight to the distinct but broadly obtuse-angu-
late ventro-cephalic angle, thence straight to the rather narrowly
rounded ventro-caudal angle which is less than 90° (not as nar-
row as in attenuatus), caudal margin nearly straight, almost im-
perceptibly convex to the very weakly defined humeral sinus, con-
vex callosity narrow but distinct.
Three females are macropterous in the series of ninety-two
specimens of the present species which we have examined.
When compared with those of attenuatus, the male cerci are
found to be of similar general type but decidedly straighter and
less attenuate; the swollen portion is shorter and larger and the
distal portion is shorter, moderately but distinctly depressed and
not directed outward, the tooth is in the same position but has
its base broader and more flattened.
The caudal femora are rather long but with the proximal
portion well developed; the genicular areas of the same are occa-
sionally infuscated, while the genicular lobes are bispinose.
The ventro-external margins of the caudal femora are armed
as follows in forty-seven perfect specimens examined:
Number of spines,
0-3
1-2
1-3
1-4
2-2
2-3
2-4
Number of specimens,
1
3
4
1
5
8
2
Number of spines,
3-3
3-4
4-4
4-5
4-6
5-5
Number of specimens,
8
10
1
2
1
1
The present species is found in the upper Mississippi valley
region and northward to Ithaca, New York; extreme south-
western Ontario; Gun Lake, Michigan, and Lone Rock, Wiscon-
sin: in western distribution it will probably not be found to occur
far west of the well watered portions of eastern Nebraska (Halsey
being the westernmost record) and in eastward distribution it is
probably limited by the Appalachians.
Specimens Examined: Previously definitely recorded, 16. Here recorded,
76; 34 males, 29 females, 6 immature males and 7 immatiu-e females.
Ithaca, New York, VIII, 22 and 25, 1<S91, (Morse), 15 o^ 12 9 , 2 juv. 9 ,
[Morse Cln.]; VIII, 4 to X, 12, 1885 to 1912, 13 cf, H 9, [Cornell Univ.],
(1 9 macropterous); VI, 28 to VIII, 4, 1885 and 1887, 6 juv. d", 3 juv. 9,
[Cornell Univ.].
Gun Lake, Michigan, VIII, Hi to 20, 1912, (M. X. Carriker, Jr.), 1 cT, 1 9 ,
Hebard Cln.].
REHN AND HEBARD 207
Lone Rock, Wisconsin, VIII, 12, 1906, (J. D. Hood), 1 9, [Pa. State Dept.
Zool.].
Denison, Iowa, VII, 20, (J. A. Allen), 1 9, [M. C. Z.].
West Point, Nebraska, VIII and IX, 1884 and 1887, (Bruner), 5 cT, type
and paratypes, [Heljard CIn. and A. N. S. P.].
Lincoln, Nebraska, VIII and IX, 1888, (Bruner), 2 9 , allotype and paralype,
[Hebard Cln.], (1 macropterous).
Halsey, Nebraska, VII, 12, 1909, (R.; in grasses on river plain), 2 juv. 9 .
Watertown, Illinois, VIII, 9, (McNeill), 1 9, [M. C. Z.].
Conocephalus attenuatus (Scudder) (PI. XVI, fig. IG; XVII, 15; XVIII,
29 antl 30; XX, 16.)
1869. Xiphidiian allcnuatum Scudder," Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, ii, p. :305.
[Illinois.]
1891. Xiphidium sp.? McNeill, Psyche, vi, p. 24. [Illinois. |
1891. [Xiphidium] hinccolatnm Bruner, Can. Ent., xxiii, p. 59. (Nomen
nudum.)
1892. Xiphidium .scudderi Blatchley, Can. Ent., xxiv, p. 26. [Vigo Count\-,
Indiana.]
1892. [Xiphidium] lanceolatum Bnmer, Ent. News, iii, p. 265. (Explanation
of nomen nudum.)
Blatchley states, in 1903, that h\s scudderi was based upon the
brachypterous condition of the present species.^" This is true,
and the name is consequently placed in the synonymy here
without reservation.
The position of the present species is in group C of the sub-
genus Xiphidion, between C. nigropleurum and C. nigroplenroides.
The form and length of the ovipositor in the female, and cereal
characters in the male, afford features by which the species can
be readily distinguished. The coloration and color pattern is
also distinctive; the color pattern, however, showing a closer
similarity to that of nigropleuroides than to any other form.
The face is warm buff with median portion mahogan}- red,
radiating below to form a dark suffusion on the genae and ex-
tending upward on the sides, thus enveloping the postocular
region; the lateral lobes of the pronotum, excepting the dorsal
margin, are of the same color, while the medio-dorsal stripe of
head and pronotinn is somewhat darker. The remaining por-
tions of the head, broad margins of the medio-dorsal strij)e of
head and pronotum, and the limbs, are warm buff, the femora
very finely speckled with mahogany red. In the male, the abdo-
^^ The type of this species has been destroyed.
*» Orth. of Indiana, p. S79.
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
208 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (ORTHOPTERA)
men is amber brown with cerci slightly paler and more buffy; in
the female, the abdon:ien is mahogany red with narrow and much
interrupted dorso-lateral paler bands weakly suggested while the
ovioositor is cinnamon brown.
Lateral lobes of pronotum moderately large with ventral
margin and particularly ventro-caudal angle distinctly curved
outward; cephalic margin broadly convex, with ventro-cephahc
angle subobsolete, to the very sharply rounded ventro-caudal
angle which is distinctly less than 90°, caudal margin nearly
straight, almost imperceptibly convex, to the very weakly defined
humeral sinus, convex callosity very narrow, subobsolete.
But seven of the series of sixty-five specimens here recorded
are macropterous.
The male cerci are of a type almost intermediate betw^een those
of C. nigropleurum and C. spartinae; when compared with those
of the latter species they are seen to be decidedly more ample and
somewhat heavier, with tooth slightly heavier and directed proxi-
mad at a sharper angle; the externo-lateral margin is more con-
cave than in either of the above species. An abnormality, which
we have never before seen, is found in a single male from Corn-
wells, Pennsylvania; this specimen is adult, but the cerci have
remained as in the instar preceding maturity.
The ovipositor is very gently curved upward, tapering very
gently distad to the sharp apex, with greater portion of dorsal
margin and distal portion of ventral margin supplied with widely
spaced microscopic serrulations, a condition not found in any
other species of the present genus here considered, but the normal
condition in the genus Orchelimum. The ovipositor length is as
follows: Cornwells, Pennsylvania, 24.6-27.5; Vigo County, In-
diana, 23.4-26.2; West Point, Nebraska, 19.9-26.3; Lincoln,
Nebraska, 25.4-27.8 mm.
The genicular areas of the caudal femora are not darkened and
the genicular lobes of the same are normally strongly bispinose,
occasionally unispinose. The caudal femora are long and slender
and have the ventro-external margins armed as follows in 54
perfect specimens examined:
Number of spines, 0-0 0-1 0 2 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 2-2
Number of specimens, 3 2 2 4 10 4 1 5
REHX AND HEBARD 209
Number of spines, 2-3 2-4 3-3 3-4 3-5 4-4 4-5
Number of specimens, 9 14 5 1 12
Two examples have the ventro-internal margins of these femora
armed with 0-1 and one with 1-2 spines, this is a very unusual
condition found elsewhere in the North American species even
more rarely in C. fasciatus alone.
On a special excursion to Cornwells, Pennsylvania, under-
taken to secure a series of this species, it was found very scarce
in high grasses, {Panicum virgatum), and plants along the shore of
the Delaware river, and in moderate numbers in a small marshy
area, particularly in a restricted growth of low marsh grass,
{Panicularia septentrionalis) . The males were usually found in
the grass or perched on nearby plant leaves, whence the}^ sprang
away with alacrity. The females were never as conspicuous and
sprang away with great swift leaps, then, hiding on the opposite
sides of grass stems and leaves in the deepest tangles of vegeta-
tion, the}' proved very difficult to locate. The species may be
said to be easily the most alert and active of the genus found
about Philadelphia. Over its wide distribution it is doubtless re-
stricted to damp spots and marsh areas.
The present species is known from Ithaca, New York, and the
vicinity of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, westward to eastern
Nebraska and Kansas; it apparently enjoys the most general
distribution in the region south of the Great Lakes, and is prob-
ably very local and usually scarce everywhere east of the Appa-
lachians. The most northern records are extreme southwestern
Ontario (Rondeau and Point Pelee) and Minnesota.
Specimens Examined: Previously recorded, 15. Here recorded, 65; 28
males, 34 females, 1 immature male and 2 immature females.
The Cove, Ithaca, New York, X, 27, 1912, 2 cf , 3 9 , [CorneU Univ.].
Cornwells, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, IX, 7, 1914, (H.), 25 a", 14 9,
1 juv. d", 1 juv. 9 ; X, 11, 1906, (R. & H.), 1 9 •
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1897, (C. W. Johnson), 1 9, [Morse Cln.],
(macropterous).
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, VIII, 19, 1 juv. 9, [Pa. State Dept. Zool.].
Watertown, Illinois, VIII, 23, (McNeill), 1 9, [M. C. Z.].
West Point, Nebraska, IX, 1885, (Bruner), 11 9, [Hebard Chi.], (4 macrop-
terous).
Lincoln, Nebraska, VIII, (1 9 macropterous collected at light), 1 cf , 3 9,
[Hebard Cln.], (1 cf , 1 9 macropterous).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI. ,
210 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
Conocephalus nigropleuroides (H. Fox) (PI. XVI, fig. 17; XVII, 16;
XIX, 1 and 2; XX, 17.)
1907. Xiphidion nigropleurum (?) Rehn and Hebard (not Xiphidium nigro-
pleurum Bruner, 1891), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1907, p. 313. (In
part.) [Cedar Keys, Florida.^']
1912. Xiphidium nigropleuroides H. Fox,*^ Ent. News, xxiii, p. 116, PI. IX,
figs. 1 to 5. [Cape May County, New Jersey.]
Tlie present insect resembles C. spartinae more closely than
any other species in the form of the male cerci. The color
pattern, though distinctive, shows the nearest similarity to that
of C. attenuatus. The shades of color in this insect, particularly
striking and brilliant in life, are not found in any other North
American species. The species, though decidedly smaller and
more slender than spartinae in New Jersey, increases southward
in size and robustness to a very decided degree, as does spartinae
in size to a considerably less extent; so that in material of the
two species from Florida, the present insect is distinctly the larger
and more robust of the two. The variation in shape of the
ovipositor is far greater in nigropleuroides than in any other
American species of the genus.
The medio-dorsal stripe of head and pronotum is blackish-
brown; the face, postocular portion of genae and lateral lobes
of pronotum very dark brown, these markings giving the insect
a trifasciate appearance. This is greatly intensified by the pale
coloration of the intervening portions of head and pronotum,
which are cream color. In fresh material the tegmina, limbs
and male cerci are ver}^ bi-ight sea green, or grass green in
some series, while the distal portion of the male abdomen is bril-
liantly marked with orange. In the female this latter color is
weaker and occupies a decidedly lesser area. The brightest colors
in this insect are unusually hard to preserve, only traces of the
same remaining in the majority of dried specimens before us.
Lateral lobes of pronotum with cephalic margin broadly con-
vex to the ventro-caudal angle, with ventro-cephalic angle weakly
defined and ventral margin often irregular and slightly concave
before the ventro-caudal angle which is broadly rounded, angu-
'•''^ The authors' record of a single specimen of this species from Gainesville,
Florida, is here corrected as it is due to a mistake in labelling, the specimen
having been taken at Cedar Keys, Florida, the day previous.
•'■-Single type selected by H. P'ox, Ent. News, xxiii, p. 232, (1912).
REHN AND HEBARD 211
lation of same a little less than 90°, caudal margin rather irregu-
larly convex to the rather weak humeral sinus, convex callosity
moderately but not decidedly broad. As in attenuatus, the
ventral margin and particularly the ventro-caudal angle is
sharply but narrowly curved outward.
Macropterism is found in but four females, all from Cumberland
Island, Georgia, in the series of over one hundred and sixty-
eight specimens before us.
When compared with spartinae, the male cerci are found to
be very similar but more attenuate and slightly irregular in out-
line, this irregularity giving the organs the appearance of being
a little malformed.
The ovipositor is normally rather broad and approximately
straight in direction with a weak open-sigmoid curvature. In
the series of eight specimens from Cedar Keys, Florida, we
find this type in three, and a distinctly thought not strongly
upward curved type in five, the ovipositor in these being broader
and showing an even greater curvature than is normal in spar-
tinae. The development of two distinct types of ovipositor in
the same species at one locality is a problem which we have also
encountered in Orchelimum concinnum. The females here con-
sidered belong without the slightest doubt to the same species
and the cause of this varied development is yet highly prob-
lematical. Elsewhere in the species of the genus some individual
variation naturally occurs in degree of curvature and heaviness
of the ovipositor, but the appearance here of two distinct tj^pes,
elsew^here of decided importance and value as specific characters,
is very surprising. Differentiation in method of oviposition
and selection of certain different plants for this purpose has
probably been a major factor in the development of the different
types of ovipositor now to be found in various species of the
genus, but when two distinct types are found in the same species
it would lead one to suppose them to be the result of these same
factors. The difficulty is that with such development the
different forms have as a rule developed into distinct species,
which in the present instance is not the case. The ovipositor
length is as follows: Ventnor, New Jersey, 10.7-12; Ocean
View, New Jersey, 11.1-12.8; Ocean View, Virginia, 12.7-13.8;
Wrightsville, North Carolina, 11.4-12; Cumberland Island,
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
"212 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
Georgia, 13.9-15.9; Cedar Keys, Florida, open-sigmoid, 13.2-
14.1, arcuate, 12.4-14.6 mm.
The genicular areas of the caudal femora are not darkened,
the genicular lobes are normally bispinose but occasionally uni-
spinose; the caudal femora are elongate but with the proximal
portion more swollen than in spartinae, the ventro-external margins
are unarmed in all but two of the ninety specimens from New
Jersey before us, in the more southern material these margins are
armed as follows in forty-one perfect specimens examined:
Number of spines, 0-0 0-1 0-2 1-1 1-2 2-2
Number of specimens, 24 6 5 3 1 2
The present insect appears to be absolutely limited in distribu-
tion to the salt-marsh tidal flats. It is known from Ventnor,
New Jersey, to Cumberland Island, Georgia, on the Atlantic
Coast, and from Cedar Keys, Florida, on the Gulf coast.
Specimens Examined: Previously recorded, over 30. Here recorded, 1.38;
67 males, 54 females, 5 immatm-e males and 12 immature females.
Ventnor, New Jersey, VIII, 5, 1914, (H.; very abundant in high Spartina
slricla and in nearby Spartina patens, many immature individuals but few
adults), 40 d", 22 9,5 juv. cT, 12 juv. 9 •
Ocean City, New Jersey, VIII, 14, 1914, (H.; occasional in Spartina stricta
far out on tidal marsh), 5 cf, 4 9 .
Cape May Court House, New Jersey, VIII, 14, 1914, (H.; scarce in Spartina
stricta far out on tidal marsh), 2 cT.
Oceanview, Virginia, VIII, 9, 1904, (Caudell), 2 9 , [U. S. N. IM.].
Wrightsville, North Carolina, IX, 7, 1911, (H.; along tidal channels on salt
marsh), 1 cf, 4 9.
Cumberland Island, Georgia, VIII, 31, 1911, (H.; in fringing tidal salt
marsh), 12 cT, 14 9 , (4 9 macropterous).
Cedar Keys, Florida, VIII, 15, 1905, (H.; in tidal salt marsh), 7 cj^, 8 9 .
Conocephalus spartinae (H. Fox) (PI. XVI, fig. 19; XVII, 17; XIX, 3 and
4; XX, 18.)
1862. X[iphidium] brevipennis Scudder (not Xiphidiurn hrevipennis Scudder,
August and September, 1862), Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., vii, p. 451. Novem-
ber, 1862. (In part.) [Cape Cod, Massachusetts.]
1902. Xiphidion nemorale Rehn (not Xiphidiurn nemorale Scudder, 1875),
Ent. News, xiii, p. 315. [Atlantic City, New Jersey.]
1904. Xiphidion brevipenne Rehn (not Xiphidiurn brevipennis Scudder, 1862),
Ent. News, xv, p. 330. (In part.) [Atlantic City and Cape May, New Jersey.]
1912. Xiphidium spartinae H. Fox," Ent. News, xxiii, p. Ill, p\. VIII, figs. 1
to 6. [Wood's Hole, Massachusetts; salt marshes of southern New Jersey.]
"Single type .selected by H. Fox, Ent. News, xxiii, p. 232, (1912).
REHN AND HEBARD 213
The descriptions by Fox of this species and C. nigropleuroides
are complete, thorough and very different from the usual care-
less and insufficient descriptions of the species of the present
genus.
The present species bears a very decided general resemblance
to C. brevipennis, so close that, until studied by Fox, virtually
all of the material in collections had been confused with that
species. When compared with brevipennis, we find that spar-
tinae differs signally in the male cerci, while females may usually
be separated by the ovipositor which normally shows a very
weak but appreciable curvature, this appendage in brevipennis
being normally straight. In addition, material of the present
■species from the North Atlantic coast is small and more slender
than brevipennis, but in southward distribution it attains a size
quite as great as the largest examples of that species. The pro-
notum is much as in brevipennis but has the lateral lobes not
quite as deep with the ventro-caudal angle rather sharply rounded,
the tegmina are more delicate (not quite as delicate as in C
aigialus), with the male tympanum having the stridulating
vein distinctly longer, this area being slightly more transverse
in proportion to the length than in brevipennis — -this is true of
aigialus which, however, has the tympanal area appreciably
smaller. The distinctive male cerci show at once that the
position of the species is in group C, while brevipennis belongs to
group A. These cerci are slender and symmetrical, an elongate
bulbous swelling occupies the mesal half, at the base of which is
■situated interno-ventrada small slender tooth directed mesad with
a very weak inclination proximad, the extei-nal margin of the
cercus is moderately concave, beyond the bulbous area the cercus
is weakly depressed, this distal portion with sides subparallel
to the broadly rounded apex. These cerci differ from those of
brevipennis not only in shape ])ut in coloration as well, being
bright green except in the darkest individuals in which they are
pale olive.
In coloration, material from New Jersey often shows an inten-
sive condition, in this the medio-dorsal stripe of the head and
particularly the pronotum is very broadly margined by pale
buff, and below this the lateral lobes of the pronotum are marked
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
214 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
with a postocular reddish brown suffusion; no examples of such
coloration are found in southern material. In hrevipennis, when
the lateral lobes of the pronotum are suffused with a darker
color, this color usually extends upward nearly to the medio-
dorsal stripe of the dorsum, as the pale margins of this stripe are
normally very narrow in that species, and as a result the intensive
types of coloration in the two species are normally distinctly
different in appearance. In general coloration, with the excep-
tion of the differences mentioned above and the green male cerci,
this species agrees Avith brevipennis.
The genicular areas of the caudal femora are normally not
darkened, in occasional specimens they are weakly infuscated;
the genicular lobes of the same are normally bispinose, rarely
they are found to be unispinose, while a single female (Wesquage
Beach, Rhode Island) has one genicular lobe trispinose;the ventro-
externai margins of the caudal femora are armed in one hundred
and eighty-one perfect specimens examined as follows:
Number of spines, 0-0
Number of specimens, 15
Number of spines,
Number of specimens,
Macropterism is very rare in material from the Atlantic coastr
but appears to be of frequent occurrence on the Gulf coast-
As there is a gradual but not decided increase in size southward
in the distribution of the species, we find such macropterous
examples from the Gulf coast to be, in general appearance only,
very similar to C. fasciatus.
The ovipositor is very weakly curved upward but varies to an
almost straight condition; specimens showing the extreme of
this variation are often frequently difficult to separate from fe-
males of brevipennis, which have the ovipositor approaching the
minimum length found in that species. The ovipositor length^*
is as follows: Wesquage Beach, Rhode Island, 9; Chestnut
'■''^ Our ovipositor length measurements are, as elsewhere in the present series
of papers, taken from the base of the basal plica to the apex of the ovipositor;
this explains the measurements of other authors exceeding ours by about .4
mm. where the length has been taken from the juncture of ovipositor and sub-
genital plate to apex of ovipositor. We have not used this dimension as it is not
sufficiently accurate, the position of the movable subgenital plate affecting it.
0-1
0-2
0-3
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
32
12
2
20
40
10
2
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
3-3
3-4
4-4
20
16
4
1
3
3
1
REHN AND HEBARD 215
Neck, New Jersey, 7.2-8.3; Atlantic City, New Jersey, 7.1-8.8;
Ventnor, New Jersey, 7.6-8.7; Ocean City, New Jersey, 8-9.7;
Oceanview, Virginia, 9; Wrightsville, North Carolina, 9.1;
Tybee Island, Georgia, 8.1-9.8; Virginia Point, Texas, 8.2-9.9 mm.
This species has almost without exception been found in salt
marshes, usually in Spariina patens, covering the tidal flats. The
chiefl}' maeropterous series taken at Virginia Point, Texas, was,
however, in high and heavy grasses, where the following field note
was made, "A difficult species to capture as individuals are very
restless and immediately seek shelter by jumping down low in
the bunches of grass where they are very hard to follow." On
the coast of New Jersey the species is frequentl}' to be found in
great numl)ers on the salt marshes, both in Spariina patent
and Panicularia fluitans, where large series could be taken with
ease. The present insect is now known from Cape Cod, Mas-
sachusetts, to Miami, Florida on the Atlantic coast, and on
the Gulf coast from Mrginia Point, Texas, to Everglade, Florida.
Specimens Examined: Previously correctly recorded, over 30. Here re-
corded, 2.53; 123 males, 106 females, 8 immature males and 16 immature
females.
Cape Cod, :Massachusetts, (Scudder), 8 cT, 15 9, [M. C. Z.].
Saunderstown, Rhode Island, IX, 9, 1913, (H.; in marsh grasses), 1 cf .
Wesquage Beach, Rhode Island, IX, 10, 1913, (H.; salt marsh), 1 9 .
New Haven, Connecticut, VIII, 27, 1904, (B. H. Walden), la", [Hebard Chi.].
Mullica River flats, Burhngton County, New Jersey, VIII, 24, 1914, (H.;
occasional in short grasses, Panicularia fluitans, on salt marsh), 2 o", 1 9.
Chestnut Neck, Atlantic County, New Jersey, VIII, 16, 1911, (R. & H.;
very common on tidal flats in Spartina patens), 15 cf , 6 9 .
Atlantic City, New Jersey, IX, 11, 1902, (R.; tidal flats), 3 9 .
Ventnor, New Jersey, VIII, 5, 1914, (H.; 1 9 in marshy depression on harrier
beach, and moderately numerous but adults few on tidal flats in Spartina
patens), 10 cf , 5 9,9 juv. 9 .
Margate City, New Jersey, VII, 24, 1914, (H.; in gi-eat numbers but adults
occasional in salt marsh particularly in areas of Panicularia fluitans) , 9 cf, 11
9, 5 juv. 6", 4 juv. 9.
Ocean City, New Jersey, VIII, 14, 1914, (H.; adults in moderate numbers
on tidal flats in Spartina patens), 4 cT, 7 9 , 1 juv. cf , (1 cf maeropterous).
Cedar Springs, New Jersey, VIII, 26, 1914, (H.; very scarce in fresh marsh),
1 cf.
Cape May Court House, New Jersey, VII, 20, 1914, (H.; exceedingly abun-
dant but adults very scarce on tidal flats in Spartina patens), 2 cf , 1 juv. cf,
2 juv. 9; VIII, 14, 1914, (H.; adults only, moderately numerous in same
locality), 13 c?, 12 9, (1 cf maeropterous).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
216 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
Cold Spring, New Jersey, IX, 4, 1907, (B. Long), 1 ? , [A. N. S. P.].
Cape May, New Jersey, VIII, 7, 1903, (H. L. Viereck), 2c^, 1 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Oceanview, Virginia, VIII, 8, 1904, (Caudell), 1 d^, 1 9, [U. S. N. M.].
Virginia Beach, Virginia, VII, 2, 1903, (Morse), 1 d", 1 9, [Morse Cln.],
(macropterous).
Wrightsville, North Carolina, IX, 7, 1911, (H.; very scarce in grasses fring-
ing barrier beach tidal lagoon), 1 cf, 1 9-
Tybee Island, Georgia, VIII, 12 and 13, 1903, (Morse), 7 cf , 5 9, [Morse
Cln.]; IX, 2, 1911, (H.; common and found far out on tidal flats in low grass),
25 d", 18 9,1 juv. d", 1 juv. 9, (1 9 macropterous).
Miami, Florida, (Mrs. A. T. Slosson), 1 d", [Morse Cln.].
Buras, Louisiana, VII, 25, 1905, (Morse), 8 d^, 5 9, [Morse Cln.], (1 d"
macropterous).
Virginia Point, Texas, VII, 21, 1912, (H.; common in heavy grasses in salt
marsh), 11 d", 12 9, (9 d", 12 9 macropterous).
Subgenus Anarthropus ^^ new subgenus
The subgenus is known to include two species; of these one,
C. (A.) saltans (Scudder), is North American and the other,
C. (A.) javanicus (Redtenbacher),^^ is Javan.
Type of subgenus. — Conocephalus saltans [Xiphidium saltans]
(Scudder).
Subgeneric Description.- — Prosternum unarmed. Subgenital
plate of male of the normal type found in the genus; distal margin
transverse, bearing minute styles laterad. Ventral margins of
cephalic and median femora armed with six well spaced spines.
Caudal tibiae with dorsal and ventral pairs of distal spurs absent,
armed at the distal extremities with a single pair of well-de-
veloped median spurs. Size small to very small for the genus,
form rather slender.
Conocephalus saltans (Scudder) (PI. XVI, fig. 19; XVII, 18; XIX, 7, 8
and 15; XX, 19.)
1862. Xiphidium hrevipenne Scudder, Can. Nat. and Geol., vii, p. 285. (In
part.) [Red River Settlements, Manitoba.]
1872. Xiphidium saltans Scudder," Fin. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv. Nebr., [).
249. [Banks of the Platte River, Nebraska.]
^^ From a.papdpos=weak and 7roi)s=foot, in allusion to the missing dorsal and
ventral pairs of spurs of the caudal tibiae.
^s Abh. k.-k. zool.-botan. Gesell. Wien, xh, p. 526, (1891). The male of this
species has the cercus similar to that of saltans, but with tooth exceedingly long,
evenly and decidedly curved downward.
"Single type here designated: 9; Platte [River, Nebraska], (Ilayden),
[M. C. Z.]. Measurements; length of body 12.8, of tcgmen 2.7, (caudal
femora missing), of ovipositor 13.7 mm.
REHN AND HEBARD 217
1891. Xiphidium modestum Bruner, Can. Ent., xxiii, p. 56. [Eastern and
middle Nebraska.]
1891. Xiphidium taeniatum Redtenbacher, Verb. Zoob-botan. (losclb Wien
xli, pp. 498, 520. [Texas.]
Scudder has properly placed modestum and taeniatum. in the
S3'nonymy under the present species. ^"^
Typical saltans is normally small to very small, and both slender
and delicate in structure. A brown phase of coloration is fre-
quently met with, particularly in the southeastern states, but
a green color form is also not unusual elsewhere, and in this
phase the insect verj^ closely resembles a small example of C.
stricius.
Pronotum with cephalic margin convex and ventro-cephalic
angle weakly indicated to the broadly rounded ventro-caudal
angle which is almost 90°, caudal margin weakly convex to the
verj' broad and distinct humeral sinus, convex callosity very
broad.
An extremely brachypterous type is normal, and it is con-
sequently rather surprising to find twelve of the two hundred and
six specimens recorded strongly macropterous, all of these being
from the western portions of the insect's distribution.
The caudal femora have the ventral margins unarmed, the
genicular areas not darkened and the genicular lobes uni-
spinose.
The male cerci are of a wholly different type from that of any
other North American species, being very slender with a very
long slender tooth situated interno-mesad and slightly beyond the
middle of the shaft; the distal portion of the cercus tapers evenly
to the narrowly rounded apex and is very weakly indented above.
The ovipositor is normally weakly curved and in length meas-
ures as follows: Atsion, New Jersey, 10.5-10.7; Fern Hill,
Pennsylvania, 12.6-12.9; Asheville, North Carohna, 10.9 13;
Thomasville, Georgia, 13.8-15.8; West Point, Nebraska, 9.7-
13.8; Sidney, Nebraska, 10.8-13.2; southwestern Nebraska,
15; Dodge City, Kansas, 15.2; Colorado Springs. Colorado,.
14.1-15.3; Dallas, Texas, 15.9.
The present insect is one of the latest species to appc^ar in the
southeastern United States, the great majority wei-e found on
*8Can. Ent., xxx, p. 184, (1898).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
218 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
the coast of the Carohnas to be immature as late as early Septem-
ber. Among the nearly adult females taken there, the ovipos-
itor ranges from 13.7 to 14.9 mm., which, with our adult series
from Thomasville, Georgia, shows that over the lowlands of
the southeastern United States the ovipositor averages very
long. Males from this region also show the cerci averaging
slightly longer and more slender than elsewhere in the distribu-
tion of the insect, but, when the variation in almost every large
series is noted, the above results, though showing very possibly
an incipient geographic differentiation, are by no means sufficient
to warrant the recognition of a geographic race. Individuals
from Texas and Okhihoma average much the largest of any
specimens before us.
The species is widely and generally distributed over the prairies
of the middle west, east of this its distribution appears to be more
or less discontinuous, the insect preferring sandy or other areas
of poor soil such as the serpentine outcrops in Pennsylvania.
The present species is known on the Atlantic coast from the
East Plains and Brown's Mills, New Jersey, southward to Yemas-
see. South Carolina and Thomasville, Georgia, and is probably
distributed, except in the northern portion of this region, west-
ward to the base of the Appalachians. The northernmost points
of distribution are Toronto, Ontario; the Red River, Aweme and
the Souris River, Manitoba, and Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan. In
western distribution it has been found along the Yellowstone
River as far as Livingston, Montana, and has been taken in
Colorado at Fort Collins and Manitou. The most southwestern
records are Springer, New Mexico, and Amarillo and Dallas,
Texas.
Specimenti Exatniitcd: Previously recorded, over 30. Here recorded. 208;
73 males, 87 females, 17 in mature males and 31 im.mature females.
Fern Hill, Chester County, Pcnr.sylvania, IX, 19, 1808, (R. & H.; in grasses
on serpentine outcrop), 6 cf , 6 9 •
Whitinf^s, New Jersey, IX, 28, 190(), (B. Long), 1 cf , [A. N. S. P.].
East Plains, Ocean County, New .Jersey, VIII, 24, 1914, (H.; in glade of tall
grass and also among dwarf pine and oak), 1 d^, 3 juv. 9 .
Reega, New Jersey, VIII, 2.) an J 31, 1914, (H.; vuidergrowtli of pine barren)
1 juv. o', 2 juv. 9 .
Petersburg, New Jersey, X, 1, 1910, (II. Fo.\; dry poor land among red
cedars), 1 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
REHN AND HEBARD 219
Somerset Heights, Maryland, V, 24, 1905, (E S. G. Titus), Icf, [U. S. N. M.].
Cabin John Run, Maryland, X, 1907, (W. Palmer), 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Washington, District of Cohnnbia, VIII, 22 and IX, 6, 1878 1 c?" 1 9
[U. S. N. M.].
Fayetteville, North Carolina, IX, 9, 1911, (R. & H.; immature specimens
abundant), 7 juv. cf .
Wilmington, North CaroKna, IX, 9, 1911, (R. & H.; immature individuals
common tlu'ough undergrowth of pine woods, particularly in clumps of scrub
oak shoots), 4 c?', 2 juv. cf, 3 juv. 9 •
Winter Park, North CaroHna, IX, 7, 1911, (R. & H.; as at Wilmington), 3 cf ,
4 juv. 9 .
Wrightsville, North Carohna, IX, 7, 1911, (R. & H.; in sandy pine woods),
1 juv. 9 .
Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina, IX, 8, 1911, (R. & H.), 1 juv. d".
Florence, South Carolina, IX, 6, 1911, (R. & H.; immature specimens common
in open grassy glade and in undergrowth of pine woods), 5 juv. cf , 3 juv. 9 .
Yemassee, South Carolina, IX, 4, 1911, (R. & H.; in clumps of scrub oak
shoots in pine woods), 4 juv. c?, 2 juv. 9 .
Atlanta, Georgia, VIII, 2, 1913, (R. & H.), 1 juv. d".
Stone Mountain, Georgia, VIII, 3, 1913, (R. & H.; immature specimens
moderately numerous in bunch grass areas in pine woods on mountain), 1
juv. o".
Spring Creek, Decatur County, Georgia, VII, 16 to 29, 1912, (J. C. Bradley),
1 very small juv., [Ga. State Cln.].
Pine, Indiana, IX, 3, 1906, (J. D. Hood), 1 9 , [Pa. State Dept. Zool.].
Chicago, Illinois, IX, 9, 1903, (H.; in waste field), 1 9 .
Staples, Minnesota, VII, 21, 1909, (H.; in sandy spot among wild strawberry
and other low plants), 7 cf , 4 9,1 juv. 9 .
Jefferson County, Iowa, VII, 20 to 24, (J. A. Allen), 3 juv. 9 , [M. C. Z.J.
DaUas County, Iowa, VIII, 20 to 23, (J. A. AUen), 4 9 , [M. C. Z.].
Hillsboro, North Dakota, VII, 24, 1891, 1 o^, [Hebard Chi.].
Bismarck, North Dakota, VIII, 9, 1889, (Bruner), 2 cf , 2 9, [Hebard Chi.].
Mandan, North Dakota, VII, 25, 1909, (H.; along streamlet on prairie in
grasses), 1 o"', 1 juv. 9 .
Dickinson, North Dakota, VII, 25, 1909, (H.), 1 juv. 9 .
West Point, Nebraska, IX to X, 1882 to 1885, (Bruner), 4 cf , 21 9 , [Hebard
Cln.], (1 cf, 2 9 macropterous).
Badger, Nebraska, 1 d^, [Hebard Chi.].
Valentine, Nebraska, VIII, 10, 1888, 2 o", 1 9, [Hebard Cln.]; 1 o^, 3 9,
[U. S. N. M.], (1 9 macropterous).
Gordon, Nebraska, (Bruner), 1 9, [U. S. N. M.].
Fort Robinson, Nebraska, VIII, 21, 1888, (Bruner), 2 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Glen, Nebraska, VIII, 6 to 20, 1903, 1 cf , 3 9 , [Hebard Cln.], (1 9 macrop-
terous).
Kearney, Nebraska, VII, 27, 1910, (R. & H.; river bottom grassland), 2 c?,
2 9.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
220 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
North Platte, Nebraska, VII, 28, 1910, (R. & H.; river bottom grassland),
5 cf , 5 9 , ( 1 cf macropterous).
Sidney, Nebraska, VII, 30, 1910, (R. & H.; river bottom grassland), 15 cf ,
13 9, (1 cf, 1 9 macropterous).
Wichita, Kansas, IX, 7, 1904, (F. B. Isely), 2 9, [U. S. N. M.], (1 macrop-
terous).
Dodge City, Kansas, IX, 13, 1909, (H.; in depressions of prairie), 2 0?,! 9 .
Waurika, Oklahoma, X, 14, 1909, (F. C. Bishopp), 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Summit of Mount Sheridan, Oklahoma, VIII, 24, 1905, (Morse), 1 9,
[Morse Cln.].
Dallas, Texas, 1 d^, 3 9, [M. C. Z.], (1 cf , 2 9 macropterous).
Clarendon, Texas, VIII, 18, 1905, (Morse), 1 d', [Morse Cln.].
Amarillo, Texas, VIII, 19, 1905, (Morse), 3 cf , [Morse Cln.].
Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, VIII, 24, 1903, (Caudell), 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Glendive, Montana, VII, 26, 1909, (H.; river bottom area of grass and sage-
brush), 1 juv. 9 .
Forsythe, Montana, VII, 27, 1909, (H.; in caiion and in grassy depressions
above bluffs), 2 cf,4 9-
Billings, Montana, VII, 28, 1909, (R. & H.), 2 c^.
Livingston, Montana, VII, 29, 1909, (R. & H.; in field of dry grass), 1 d".
Julesburg, Colorado, VII, 29, 1910, (R. & H.; river bottom grassland), 2 cf,
1 9.
Manitou, Colorado, VIII, 1889, 1 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Springer, New Mexico, IX, 15, 1909, (C. N. Ainslie), 1 d", [U. S. N. AI.].
REHN AND HEBARD 221
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
Plate XV
-Conocephalus allardi (Caudell). Tray Mountain, Georgia. Sub-
genital plate of male (paratype). (X Sf)
-Conocephalus fa^cialua fasciatus (DeGeer). Aweme, JManitoba. Sub-
genital plate of male. (X5|)
-Conocephalus fasciatus fasciatus (DeGeer). Aweme, Manitoba. Male.
Distal extremity of caudal tibia. (X 20)
-Conocephalus saltans (Scudder). Fem Hill, Pennsylvania. Male.
Distal extremity of caudal tibia. (X 20)
-Conocephalus fasciatus fasciatus (DeGeer). Aweme, Manitoba. Male.
Lateral outline of head. ( X 10)
-Conocephalus resacensis new species. Piper Plantation, Brownsville,
Texas. Male {type). Lateral outline. (X 3§)
-Conocephalus aigialus new species. Wrightsville, North Carolina.
Male {type). Lateral outline. (X 3f) [Figure number omitted
on plate.]
-Conocephalus gracillimus (Morse). Homestead, Florida. Male.
Lateral outline of head. (X 10)
-Conocephalus hygrophilus new species. Milneburg, Louisiana. Male
{allotype). Lateral outline. (X 4)
-Conocephalus stictomerus new species. Cedar Springs, New Jersey..
Male (type). Lateral outline. (X 4)
Plate XVI
Outline of cephalic view of fastigium. (X 25)
Fig. 1.— Conocephalus allardi (Caudell). Tray Mountain, Georgia. Male
(paratype).
Fig. 2.— Conocephalus fasciatus fasciatus CDeGeer). Aweme, Manitoba. Male.
Fig. 3. — Conocephalus fasciatus vicinus (Morse). Sisson, California. Male.
Fig. 4. — Conocephalus spinosus (Morse). Coronado Beach, California.
Female.
Fig. 5. — Conocephalus gracillimus (Morse). Homestead, Florida. Male.
Fig. 6. — Conocephalus breripennis (Scudder). Tinicum, Pennsylvania. Male,
Fig. 7. — Conocephalus resacensis new species. Piper Plantation, Browns-
ville, Texas. Male (type).
Fig. 8. — Conocephalus nemoralis (Scudder). Asheville, Norfh Carolina.
Male.
Fig. 9. — Conocephalus nemoralis (Scudder). Asheville, North Carolina,
Male. Unusually narrow condition.
Fig. 10. — Conocephalus occidentalis (Morse). Sentinel, California. Male.
Fig. n. — Conocephalus sirictuA (^enddex). Mt. Airj^ Pennsylvania. Male.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
Fig.
\.
Fig.
2_
Fig.
3.
Fig.
4.
Fig.
5.
Fig.
6.
Fig.
7.
Fig.
8.-
Fig.
9.
Fig.
10.
222 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Fig. 12. — Conocephalus hygrophilus new species. Milnebiirg, Louisiana.
Male {allotype).
Fig. 13. — Conocephalus sliciomerus new species. Cedar Springs, New Jersey.
Male {type).
Fig. 14. — Conocephalus aiyiahis new species. Wrightsville, North Carolina.
Male {type).
Fig. 15. — Conocephalus nigropleurum (Bruner). West Point, Nebraska. Male
{type).
Fig. 16. — Conocephalus allenualns (Scudder). Vigo County, Indiana. Male.
Fig. 17. — Conocephalus nigra pleuroides (Fox). Wrightsville, North Carolina.
Male.
Fig. 18. — Conocephalus spartinae {Fox). Chestnut Neck, New Jersey. Male.
Fig. 19. — Conocephalus saltans {Scudder) . Fern Hill, Pennsylvania. Male.
Plate XVII
Outline of lateral lolie of pronotum. (X 6)
Fig. 1. — Conocephalus allardi (Caudell). Tray Mountain, Georgia. Male
{paralype) .
Fig. 2. — Conocephalus fasciatus fa.sciatus (DeGeer). Aweme,'Manitoba. Male.
Fig. 3. — Conocephalus fasciatus vicinus {Morse) . Sisson, California. Male.
Fig. 4. — Conocephalus spinosus {Morse). Coronado Beach, California. Male.
Fig. 5. — Conocephaln^ gracillimus {Morse). Homestead, Florida. Male.
Fig. 6. — Conocephalus brevipennis {Scudder) . Tinicum, Pennsylvania. Male.
Fig. 7. — Conocephalus resacensis new species. Piper Plantation, Browns-
ville, Texas. Male {type).
Fig. S. — Conocephalus nemoralis (Scudder). Asheville, North Carolina.
Male.
Fig. 9. — Conocephalus occidentalis (Morse). Sentinel, California. Male.
Fig. 10. — Conocephalus strictus (Scudder). Mt. Airy, Pennsylvania. Male.
Fig. 11. — Conocephalus hygrophilus new species. Milneburg, Louisiana.
Male {allotype).
Fig. 12. — Conocephalus stictomeriis new species. Cedar Springs, New Jersey.
Male {type).
Fig. 13. — Conocephalus aigialus new species, Wrightsville, North Carolina.
Male {type).
Fig. 14. — Conocephalus nigropleurum {Bruner). West Point, Nebraska. Male
(type).
Fig. 15. — Conocephalus altenuatus (Scudder). Vigo County, Indiana. Male.
Fig. 16. — Conocephalus nigro pleuroides (Fox). Wrightsville, North Carolina.
Male.
Fig. 17. — Conocephalus spartinae {Fox). Chestnut Neck, New Jersey. Male.
Fig. 18. — Conocephalus saltans (Scudder). Fern Hill, Pennsylvania. Male.
REHN AND HEBARD 223
Plate XVIII
Dorsal (shaded) and lateral outlines of male cercus. (X 10)
Figs. 1 and 2. — Conocephalus allardi (Caudell). Tray Mountain, Georgia.
{Paratype.)
Figs. 3 and 4. — Conocephalus fasciatus fascialus (DeGeer). Aweme,
Manitoba.
Figs. 5 and 6. — Conocephalus fascialus vicinus (Morse). Sisson, California.
Figs. 7 and 8. — Conocephalus spinosus (Morse). Coronado Beach, California.
Figs. 9 and 10. — Conocephalus gracillimus (Morse). Homestead, Florida.
Figs. 11 and 12. — Conocephalus brevipennis (Scudder). Tinicum Island, Penn-
sylvania.
Figs. 13 and 14. — Conocephalus resacensis new species. Piper Plantation,
Bro\\TisviUe, Texas. (Type.)
Figs. 15 and 16. — Conocephalus nemoralis (Scudder). Asheville, North Caro-
lina.
Figs. 17 and IS. — Conocephalus occidenlalis (Morse). Sentinel, California.
Figs. 19 and 20. — Conocephalus striclus (Scudder). Mt. Ah-y, Pennsylvania.
Figs. 21 and 22. — Conocephalus hygrophilus new species. Milney)urg, Louis-
iana. (Allotype.)
Figs. 23 and 24. — Conocephalus stictomerus new species. Cedar Springs, New
Jersey. (Type.)
Figs. 25 and 26. — Conocephalus aigialus new species. Wrightsville, North
Carolina. (Type.)
Figs. 27 and 28. — Conocephalus nigropleurum (Bruner). West Point, Ne-
braska. (Type.)
Figs. 29 and 30. — Conocephalus altenuatus (Scudder). Vigo County, Indiana.
Plate XIX
Dorsal (shaded) and lateral outlines of male cercus. (X 10)
Figs. 1 and 2. — Conocephalus nigropleuroides (Fox). Wrightsville, North
Carolina.
Figs. 3 and 4. — Conocephalus sparlinae (Fox). Chestnut Neck, New Jersey.
Figs. 5 and 6. — Conocephalus saltans (Scudder). Fern Hill, Pennsylvania,
Figs. 7 and 8. — Conocephalus saltans (Scudder). Wilmington, North Caro-
Una.
Stridulating field of male tegmen. (X 71)
Fig. 9. — Conocephalus allardi (Caudell). Tray Mountain, Georgia. (Para-
type.)
Fig. 10. — Conocephalus fasciatus jasciatus (DeGeer). Aweme, Manitoba.
Fig. 11. — Conocephalus gracillimus (Morse). Homestead, Florida.
Fig. 12. — Conocephalus nemoralis (Scudder). Asheville, North Carolina.
Fig. 13. — Conocephalus occidenlalis (INIorse). Sentinel, California.
Fig. 14. — Conocephalus nigropleurum (Bruner). West Point, Nebraska.
(Type.)
Fig. 15. — Conocephalus saltans (Scudder). Fern Hill, Pennsylvania.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
224 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Plate XX
Outline of ovipositor. ( X 2)
Fig. 1. — Conocephalus allardi (Caudell). Tray Mountain, Georgia. {Para-
type.)
-Conocephalus fasciatus fasciatus (DeGeer). Aweme, Manitoba,
-Conocephalus fasciatus tncinus (Morse). Sisson, California.
-Conocephalus spinosus (Morse). Coronado Beach, California.
-Conocephalus gracillimus (Morse). Homestead, Florida.
-Conocephalus brevipennis (Scudder). Tinicum, Pennsylvania.
-Conocephalus brevipennis (Scudder). Asheville, North Carolina.
-Conocephalus resacensis new species. Piper Plantation, Brownsville,
Texas. (Allotype.)
-Conocephalus nemoralis (Scudder). Asheville, North Carolina.
-Conocephalus occidentalis (Morse). Sisson, CaUfornia.
-Conocephalus sirictus (Scudder). Raleigh, North CaroUna.
-Conocephalus hygrophilus new species. Virginia Point, Texas.
(Type.)
Fig. 13. — Conocephalus strictomerus new species. Cedar Springs, New Jersey.
{Allotype.)
Fig. 14. — Conocephalus aigialus new species. Wrightsville, North Carolina.
(Allotype.)
Fig. 15. — Conocephalus nigropleurum (Bruner). Lincoln, Nebraska. (Para-
type.)
Fig. 16. — Conocephalus attenuatus (Scudder). West Point, Nebraska.
Fig. 17. — Conocephalus nigropleur aides (Fox). Wrightsville, North Carolina.
Fig. 18. — Conocephalus spartinae (Fox). Chestnut Neck, New Jersey.
Fig. 19. — Conocephalus saltans (Scudder). Fern Hill, Pennsylvania.
Fig.
2.
Fig.
3.
Fig.
4.
Fig.
5.
Fig.
6.
Fig.
7,
Fig.
8,
Fig.
9.
Fig.
10.
Fig.
11.
Fig.
12.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLI.
PI. XV
REHN AND HEBARD AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, A'ol. XLI.
PI. XVI.
1 2
17
18
REHN AND HEBARD -AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLI.
PI XVU.
REHN AND HEBARD- AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLI.
PI. XVIII.
1 1
12
16
20
21
23
25
27
29
22
r-r
30
REHN AND HEBARD — AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLI.
PI. XIX.
13
REHN AND HEBARD — AMERICAN TETTIGONliDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLI.
PI. XX.
12
13
15
<^
18
19
REHN AND HEBARD AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE
REHX AND HEBARD 225
STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE
(ORTHOPTERA)
VI.
BY JAMES A. G. REHX AND MORGAX HEBARD
A SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS
CONOCEPHALUS FOUND IN AMERICA SOUTH OF
THE SOUTHERN BORDER OF THE UNITED
STATES 1
In a recent paper,- the authors have studied the species of the
genus Conocephalus found in North America north of Mexico;
in that paper the generic references, genotype, description and
discussion of the history of the genus and its then recognized
subgenera have been fully treated. We were obliged at that
time to examine our series of the genus from the other portions
of America, and, finding that we had material of the great major-
it}^ of the species before us and the opportunity to correct many
misconceptions, to give man}" important but hitherto wholly
neglected or hurriedly considered characters, as well as to establish
a number of very confusing names as synon^ans, we determined
to study all of the American forms of the genus. The present
paper is bj^ no means as complete as the first portion of the study,
for in much of the territory considered there has been little or no
collecting accomplished and the series before us, though far
larger than any others previously studied, contain few specimens
of some species and none of several of which the types are inac-
cessable to us and the original descriptions of the same vague
and uncertain. Our efforts are here concentrated in defining the
species known to us as accurately as we are able, with the hope
that by so doing many of the difficulties and misconceptions of
the past may be eradicated from future study of the American
forms of the genus.
1 Published with the aid of the Orthoptera Fund.
2 Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xH, pp. 155 to 224, (1915).
• TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
1.5
226 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
The following key includes, in addition to the subgenera recog-
nized by us in the first paper, others here erected. Unquestion-
ably numerous other subgenera exist and will be described when
careful study of the species of the w^orld is made.
Key to the Subgenera of the Genus Conocephalus
A. Prosternum bispinose.
B. Caudal tibiae armed at distal extremity with three pairs of spurs.
C. Ventral margins of cephalic and median tibiae armed with five to
seven (normally six) well spaced spines.
D. Male subgenital plate produced in long sharp spikes.
E. Productions situated meso-distad, intervening space strongly
obtuse-angulate emarginate; styles absent.
Dicellura Rehn and Hebard
EE. Productions situated disto-laterad, intervening space roundly
emarginate; awl-like styles present, situated on ventral surfaces of
lateral productions. Opeastylus new subgenus
DD. Male subgenital plate with distal margin more or less decidedly
truncate with no decided emargination or production; small, slender,
fihform styles present disto-laterad. Xiphidion Serville
CC. Ventral margins of cephalic and median tibiae armed with nine to
ten closely set spines. . Palotta F. Walker
BB. Caudal tibiae armed at distal extremity with five spurs (interno-dorsal
spur missing). Ventral margins of cephalic and median tibiae armed with
six well spaced spines. Male subgenital phite as in Xiphidion.
Perissacanthus new subgenus
BBB. Caudal tibiae armed at distal extremity with a single pair of spurs
(dorsal and ventral pairs absent)'. Ventral margins of cephalic and median
tibiae armed with seven to eight well spaced spines.
Aphauropus new subgenus
AA. Prosternum unarmed. (Ventral margins of cephalic and median tibiae
armed with five to seven well spaced spines.)
B. Caudal tibiae armed at distal extremity with three pairs of spurs.
Conocephalus Thunberg
BB. Caudal tibiae armed at distal extremity with a single pair of spurs
(dorsal and ventral pairs absent). (Male subgenital plate as in Xiphidion.)
Anarthropus Rehn and Hebard
As yet, Dicellura is known only from the southern Appalach-
ian region of the eastern United States, Opeastylus is widely dis-
tributed in temperate and subtropical South America and the
only subgenus found in the former region, Xiphidion is the
dominant subgenus from subtropical South America northward
REHN AND HEBARD 227
and is circiimorbital in distribution, Palotta and Conocephalus
are known from the Old World only, Perissacanthus has been
found only in Paraguay, Aphauroyus is known only from Tepic,
Mexico, while Anarthropus is known from a species widely dis-
tributed in the United States and southern Canada, and from
another species from Java.
The genus is probably found everywhere over the region under
consideration south as far as the extremity of the mainland of
South America. Lack of material from northern Mexico is
much to be regretted. The following forms, treated fully in the
authors' first paper on the genus, are unquestionably present in
that region, Conocephalus fasciatus fasciatus, fasciatus vicinus,
spinosiis, resacensis and strictus; for all of these have been taken
in the United States on the Mexican border, and the first and
third of these forms are here recorded from farther southward.
In addition Co7iocephalus hygrophilns and spartinae will very
possibly be found to occur in the salt marsh vegetation along
the Gulf Coast, south of the Rio Grande, in Mexico. In
desert regions the genus is, as in the United States, doubtless
confined to mountains, rivers, streams, lakes and irrigated tracts
where a constant supply of water is to be found. The low water-
sheds of the Orinoco, Amazon and La Plata systems do not act
as controls in the distribution of the species, but the main chain
of the Andes appears to afford an absolute barrier. A single
species, widely distributed in North America, alone is known
from Bermuda. The Greater Antilles have, apparently, but two
species, the least abundant, C. insvlaris, peculiar to these islands,
the other, C. cinereus, in addition widely distributed from central
Mexico to the headwaters of the Amazon. The Lesser Antilles,
on the other hand, appear to have but one species, C. saltafor,
which is the most widely distributed and, apparently, the
most abundant species from Costa Rica southward throughout
South America to Paraguay and Eastern Peru.
The following table illustrates the relationship of the American
forms of the genus known to us; showing, in addition to the forms
here studied, the position of the forms restricted to North America
which have been treated in the previous paper.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
228 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
-longipes
vitt icoH is
cinereus
fasciatus fasciatus
fasciatus vicinus
— ictus
spinosus
nsularis
iodes
r—ins
graci n imus
angust if rons
brevipennis
- resacensis
— unicoloK
occidental is
. hygrophilus
■ at ictomerus
-aigialus
I — equatorialis
-1- saltator
Lborelli
, truncatus . ,
I r versicolor
I ochrotelus
■ nigropleurum
attenuatus
nigropleuroides
spartinae
-strictoides
leptopterus
The numbers given above designate the six subgenera known
from America, the letters indicate the American groups of the
very large subgenus Xiphidion. Of these, A, B, C and D form
more or less of a unit, while E contains two species which are
nearly intermediate in position between this and the unit formed
by the groups, G, H and I, all three of which latter groups are,
however, somewhat more widely separated one from the other
than are the first four groups. Group F is distinctive. Com-
paring the male cerci of the American species of the other sub-
genera with those of the species constituting groups of the
subgenus Xiphidion, we find that C. (Dicellura) allardi agrees best
with group A; the two species C. (Opeastylus) longipes and ritti-
collis are distinctive; C. {Perissacanthiis) strictoides agrees best
with group I; C. (Aphauropus) leptopterus, being known only
from the female sex, can not in this respect be definitely asso-
ciated, though the general structure of the insect suggests that
the male cerci may agree best with group F; while C. (Anar-
thropus) saltans is distinctive.
Material Exaynincd. — We have studied the material of the
genus from North America north of Mexico, nearly 3800 speci-
mens, and, in addition to a series of nearly 100 specimens prc^
REHN AND HEBARD 229
vioiisly correctly recorded, we have examined and recorded in
the present paper 804 specimens, of which 571 are in the Hebard
Collection and that of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-
delphia. The combined figures form a total of about 4700
American specimens of Conocephalus.
We desire to express our deep obligation to Mr. A. X. CaudcU
of the United States National Museum, Dr. Samuel Henshaw of
the Museum of Comparative Zoology and Dr. F. E. Lutz of the
American Museum of Natural History, for the great privilege of
examining and studying all of the material of the genus contained
in the collections of those institutions. With the exception of
McNeill's exitiosum. and Bruners's two recently described species
we have had before us all of the types of the valid forms of the
genus located in America.
Key to Males of the Species of the Genus Conocephalus found in
America north to the southern border of the United States.^
(No species of the genus with prosternum unarmed is known
from the region under consideration.)
A. Caudal tibiae armed distad with three pairs of spurs.
B. Subgenital plate very strongly and sharply produced latero-distad in
sharp straight spikes which are weakly divergent, on the ventral surfaces of
which productions are situated awl-like styles, distal margin of plate roundly
emarginate mesad. (Subgenus Opeastylus)
C. Form moderately slender. Fastigium of vertex little over one-half
width of proximal antennal joint. Convex callosity of lateral lobes very
broad. Swollen shelf above cereal tooth less extensive. Caudal femora
with ventro-external margins armed normally with two and three spines.
longipes (Redtenbacher)
CC. Fonii moderately robust. Fastigium of vertex somewhat more
than two-thirds width of proximal antennal joint. Convex callosity of
lateral lobes exceedingly broad. Swollen shelf above cereal tooth more
extensive. Caudal femora with ventral margins imarmed.
vitticollis (Blanchard)
BB. Subgenital plate not produced disto-laterad, disto-lateral styles small
and filiform, distal margin of jjlate nearly or exactly transverse.
(Subgenus Xiphidion)
C. Cerci armed with a heavy mesal (vertical) tooth so that its base is
entirely visible from above, this tooth situateil mesad.
D. Cerci with mesal jjortion not contrastingly swollen.
' See p. 235 for a discussion of the species not represented in om- material.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
230 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
E. Cerci with distal portion not greatly produced, weakly to very
decidedly depressed, and with apex broad and rounded.
F. Tympanum of tegmina not unusually elongate. Convex
callosity of lateral lobes not very broad. Vertex moderately pro-
duced.
G. Cerci with distal portion moderately produced, the depres-
sion of the same being general and not more decided on the
inner side.
H. Fastigium of vertex about two-thirds^ width of basal an-
tennal joint. Ventral margins of caudal femora normally
unarmed (spines when present never more than one to three).
I. Eyes moderately large. Convex callosity of lateral
lobes very narrow. Abdomen immaculate, with distal half,
including cerci, uniform and striking yellow. Distal por-
tion of cerci decidedly depressed and narrowing more sharply
to the more narrowly (but still rather broadly) rounded
apex. (Form moderately slender.) cinereus (Thunberg)
II. Eyes decidedly small. Convex callosity of lateral
lobes moderately but not decidedly broad. Dorsum of
abdomen trifasciate, with median line broad. Distal por-
tion of cerci weakly depressed, scarcely narrowing to the very
broadly rounded apex.
J. Form slender. Abdominal fasciae moderately dis-
tinct, colors not brilliant, fasciatus fasciatus (DeGeer)
JJ. Form moderately slender. Abdominal fasciae very
distinct, colors brilliant (particularly so in life).
fasciatus vicinus (Morse)
HH. Fastigium of vertex as wide as proximal antennal joint.*
Ventro-e.xternal margins of caudal femora normally armed.
I. Form moderately robust. Convex callosity of lateral
lobes very narrow. Abdomen immaculate, with distal por-
tion, including cerci, clear pale yellow. Cerci heavy,
elongate, with distal portion decidedly depressed, scarcely
narrowing to the very broadly rounded apex. \'entro-
extemal margins of caudal femora bearing normally three
and four spines. spinosus (Morse)
^ Though the above is the normal condition in C. cinereus, this usually very
constant character varies occasionally in that species from slightly less than
two-thirds of to fully the width of the proximal antennal joint, as discussed in
the specific treatment.
^ This usually very constant character shows a decided variability in C.
ictus; one series from the state of Vera Cruz, Mexico, including specimens in
which the fastigium of the vertex is but two-thirds as wide as the proximal
antennal joint. In consequence this variation is important in determining
material from thai region and must not be overk)oked.
KEHN AND HEBARD 231
II. Form very robust and truncate. Convex callosity of
lateral lobes moderately broad. Distal portion of abdomen,
including cerei, tawny. Cerci similar to those of cinereus.
Ventro-external margins of caudal femora bearing normally
two and three spines.'^ ictus (Scudder)
GG. Cerci with distal portion more strongly produced and
distinctly curved outward, the depression of the same being more
decided on the inner side. (Form very robust. Fastigium of
vertex strongly ascending, greatest width slightly less than one-
half that of proximal antennal joint. Eyes large and protruding.
Convex callosity of lateral lobes exceedingly narrow. Abdomen,
including cerci, mahogany red. Ventro-external margins of
caudal femora bearing normally three and four spines.'
angustifrons (Redtenbacher)
FF. Tympanum of tegmina unusually elongate. Convex callosity
of lateral lobes very broad. Vertex distinctly produced.*
G. Coloration not unusually brilliant; dorsum of abdomen
narrowly, but usually strikingly, trifasciate. Cerci normally
green, of similar type to those of fasciatus but distinctly more
elongate and attenuate, with distal portion very strongly de-
pressed (as in C. gracillimus). Ventro-external margins of
caudal femora sometimes unarmed, sometimes supplied with
one to three spines. insularis (Morse)
GG. Coloration unusually brilliant; wings iridescent; dorsum
of abdomen broadly, but not strikingly, trifasciate. Cerci
burnt lake, slightly longer than in fasciatus, distal portion weakly
but distinctly curved outward, with broadly rounded apex
briefly but strongly depressed. Ventral margins of caudal
femora unarmed. iriodes new species
EE. Cerci with distal portion very greatly produced, very elongate
and attenuate, very weakly depressed distad, with apex strongly
acuminate. (Fastigium of vertex about one and one-half times
width of proximal antennal joint. Convex callositj^ of lateral lobes
very broad. Dorsum of abdomen normally infuscated, cerci dark.
Ventral margins of caudal femora unarmed.) strictus (Hcudder)
^ A number of specimens from the state of \'era Cruz, Mexico, have the
ventral margins of the caudal femora unarmed, but are otherwise typical of
smaller individuals of the species, as are the spechnens showing the variation
remarked in the preceding foot-note.
' In this species the armament of the ventral margins of the cephalic and
median tibiae is decidedly unusual, in every specimen before us at least one of
these margins bears seven, instead of six, spines.
8 As in C. gracillimus, which has the vertex even more distinctly produced,
the occiput ascends evenly toward the vertex, the vertex ascending slightly
more decidedly but very nearly in the same plane.
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
232 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
DD. Cerci with mesal portion contrastingly swollen.
E. Form moderately slender. Vertex not strongly but distinctly
ascending, fastigium of vertex two-thirds width of proximal antennal
joint. Eyes moderately large. Convex callosity of lateral lobes
moderately broad. Abdomen immaculate, with distal portion, in-
cluding cerci, pale yellow brown. Ventro-external margins of caudal
femora armed with four to six spines. unicolor Bruner
EE. Form very slender, distinctly attenuate. Vertex not ascending,
fastigium of vertex slightly wider than proximal antennal joint.
Eyes normal. Convex callosity of lateral lobes very broad. Abdo-
men immaculate with distal portion, including cerci, pale yellowish.
Ventral margins of caudal femora unarmed.
resacensis Ilehn and Hebard
CC. Cerci armed with a more delicate ventral (vertical) tooth so that its
base and often the greater portion is concealed from above, mesal portion
of cercus very contrastingly swollen, tooth situated at proximal base of
this swelling, (distal portion of cercus greatly depressed).
D. Coloration not unusually brilliant or distinctive.
E. Fastigium of vertex slightly less to slightly more than one-half
width of proximal antennal joint. Convex callosity of lateral lobes
moderately broad. Ventro-internal margins of caudal femora armed.
Discoidal and anal fields of tegmina, and adjacent portion of wings
when at rest, distinctly darkened. (Swollen mesal portion of cercus
with section above tooth produced overhanging and rather sharply
rounded, distal portion elongate, very strongly depressed, particularly
on inner side. Form moderately slender. Eyes moderately large.
Ventro-external margins of caudal femora armed normally with
four and four spines. Wings iridescent.) equatorialis (Giglio-Tos)
EE. Fastigium of vertex broader. Convex callosity of lateral lobes
very narrow. Ventro-internal margins of caudal femora unarmed.
Discoidal and anal fields of tegmina, and adjacent portion of wings,
when at rest, not darkened.
F. Cerci of same type as in equatorialis but decidedly elongate,
varying in production and outward curvature of distal portion to
very elongate. Form moderately slender to moderately robust.
Eyes moderately large. Fastigium of vertex slightly less than, to
fully two-thirds as broad as proximal antennal joint. Ventro-
external margins of caudal femora armed normally with two and
three spines.^ (Wings somewhat iridescent.) saltator (Saussurc)
^ In five specimens from the large series from Trinidad and Venezuela, these
margins are unarmed ; in four specimens from considerable series from Domin-
ica and Trinidad, the cephalic and meilian tibiae have the ventro-cei)halic
margins armed with seven, instead of the normal six, spines. The jiresent
species is the most abundant and the most variable over the greater portion
of South America, and material nmst be studied from every aspect if accurate
results are to be obtained.
REHN AND HEBARD 233
FF. Cerci?i° Form decidedly robust. Eyes distinctly larger.
Fastigium of vertex slightly less than two-thirds as broad as prox-
imal antennal joint.'' Ventro -external margins of caudal femora
armed with four to five spines. borelli (Giglio-Tos)
DD. Coloration unusually brilliant and distinctive. (Form moderately
robust. Convex callosity of lateral lobes very narrow. Cereal tooth
dii'ected strongly meso-proximad.
E. Caudal femora with ventral margins unarmed. Abdomen not
unusually colored. (Fastigium of vertex one-half width of proximal
antennal joint. Apex of tegmina broadly rounded, truncate.
Distal portion of cercus shorter than in versicolor, lateral margins
converging to the acute apex.) truncatus (Redtenbacher)
EE. Caudal femora with ventro-external margins armed. Abdomen
conspicuously and remarkably colored.
F. Fastigium of vertex one-half width of proximal antennal joint.
Apex of tegmina (in brachypterous condition as well) sharjjly
rounded. Distal portion of cercus elongate with lateral margins
weakly irregular but converging very gently and evenly to the
rather sharply rounded apex. Caudal femora with ventro-external
margins armed with three to five spines.
versicolor (Redtenbacher)
FF. Fastigium of vertex narrow but about two-thirds width of
proximal antennal joint. Apex of tegmina broadly rounded, trun-
cate. Mesal swollen portion of cercus more ample and decidedly
more elongate than in versicolor, distal portion broad and elongate,
with lateral margins arcuato-convergent distad to the very sharply
rounded apex, thus forming a very narrow got hie arch.
Ventro-external margins of caudal femora armed with five to eight
spines. ochrotelus new species
AA. Caudal tibiae armed at distal extremity with five spurs, the interno-
dorsal spur being absent. (Cephalic and median tibiae armed with six well
spaced spines. Male subgenital plate as in Xiphidiott.)
(Subgenus Perissacanthus)
(Form very slender. Vertex strongly produced, not ascending, fastigium of
vertex slightly more than one-half width of proximal antennal joint. Eyes
rather small for South American species. Convex callosity of lateral lobes
rather narrow. Apex of tegmina broadly rounded, truncate. Cerci suggesting
type found in group I of Xiphidion, but distinctive in the characters given in
the specific discussion. Ventral margins of caudal femora unarmed.)
strictoides (Caudell)
'" Though we have no males of this species before us, we arc convinced,
from the original description and the evident close relationship shown by the
females, that males of the species have cerci agreeing at least in general form
with those of C. saltalor.
'1 Distinctly narrower than in material of C. salkdor where the ranges of the
two coincide.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
234 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
AAA. Caudal tibiae armed at distal extremity with one pair of spurs, the
dorsal and ventral pairs of spurs being absent. (Agreeing with Anarthropus
in this respect, but differing in the armed prosternum and annament of the
cephalic and median tibiae, the ventral margins of which are armed with seven
to eight well spaced spines.) (Subgenus Aphauropus)
(Form robust. Vertex not decidedly produced, not ascending, fastigium of
vertex two-thirds width of proximal antennal joint. Convex callosity of
lateral lobes exceedingly broad. Tegmina greatly aborted and whollj- con-
cealed by pronotum, wings absent. Ventral margins of caudal femora
unarmed.) leptopterus new species
In the above key it must be noted that only the usually most
useful and also the most distinctive characters are given; in
numerous cases material can only be determined properly through
careful consideration of all the specific details which are given,
as far as we are able, in the specific treatment. The figures are
of great importance in showing frequently complicated differences
very difficult to describe clearly, and also degrees of difference,
while for females only characters common to both sexes will be
found in the above key, the characters peculiar to that sex being
discussed in the specific treatment, shown by figures, and tabu-
lated in part on pages 237 to 239.
Many species have individual characters of decided value,
which in a key would be cumbersome and confusing. Some of
these are: the depth of the fastigium of the vertex and the form
of its lateral margins, the shape of the lateral lobes of the pro-
notum and the humeral sinus, the minor specific differences of the
male tegminal tympanum, the spination of the genicular lobes
of the caudal femora and the coloration of the genicular areas of
the same, the general though obscure pattern of coloration in
species not strikingly marked and the length of the styles of the
subgenital plate.
Extremely slight variations are found which cannot be wholly
overlooked, but which can hardly be considered in the treat-
ment of each species without giving them undue emphasis.
Such is the fact, only determinable after examination of large
series, that in species having both macropterous and brachyp-
terous forms, the latter type is almost always accompanied bj^ a
slight pronotal change, the dorsum of the pronotum being usually
slightly less produced caudad, with a proportionate reduction
in the depth of the humeral sinus and the caudal margin of the
lateral lobes becoming slightly less sinuous than in the macrop-
terous condition.
REHN AND HEBARD 235
We have observed that the antennal length is decidedly greater
in some species than in others, but accurate measurements of
the same are very difficult and these delicate organs are found to
be incomplete in so many cases that we have deemed it best to
omit discussions of the same.
Efforts to include all the known species in the keys of Redten-
bacher/- Saussure and Pictet/^ Karny" and Bruner'-^ without
having material of many of the species for examination, com-
bined with the employment of such usually worthless characters
xis tegminal and ovipositor length — given with scarcely any re-
gard to the extremes of variation and in complete disregard of
the probabilit}' of macropterism and brachypterism appearing in
the same species — has made these keys virtually worthless and in
many cases misleading in the extreme.
The following described species do not appear to he included in
the material before us. In future studies with the present paper
they must be carefully considered, but at present we feel only
justified in giving the following brief remarks resulting from study
of the various original descriptions and in tabulating these species
from the same source as far as possible on pages 238 and 239.
caizanum
1897. [Xiphidium] caizanum Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. Univ-
Torino, xii, no. 302, p. 42. [1 cf : Caiza, Ecuador.]
The form of the cerci and subgenital plate is apparentl}^ differ-
ent from any other known American species. The species very
possibly belongs to an undescribed subgenus, apparently between
the subgenera DiceUura and Xiphidion.
exitiosum
1901. Xiphidium exitiosum McNeill, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., iii, p. 501,
fig. 42. [2 cf , 3 9 , 3 juv.: Indefatigable Island, Galapagos Islands.)
This species is so poorly described and the rough sketchy out-
line figure of the female so unsatisfactory, that we can Init state
that the species may be related to C. cincrcus.
•2 Verb. k.-k. zool.-bot. Gesell, W'ieii, .\li, pp. 49.')-499, (1891).
" Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth. i, pi). 396-397, (1S9S).
" Abh. k.-k. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, xli, pp. 85-94, (1907).
'5 Ann. Carneg. Mus., i.x, pp. 372-374, (June 1815).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
236 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
resinum
1898. Xiphidium resinum Saussure and Pictet, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., ir
p. 398, pi. xi.v, fig.s. 26, 27. [1 c? : Orizaba, Mexico.]
The brief and very unsatisfactory description, accompanied
by good figures of the vertex, affords insufficient evidence for the
proper placing of the species. It ma}' be very near C. angusti-
frons, or instead aUied to C. gracillimus. The characters given
agree with avgustifrons excepting that the vertex is more pro-
duced, the specimen is strongly macropterous and the caudal
femora have, we are led to suppose, the ventral margins unarmed.
The vertex is decidedly too narrow for graciUimus. The species
with which it is compared, unispina, is a member of the genus
Orchelimum.
doryphorum
1907. Xiphidion doryphorum Karny, Abh. k.-k. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, iv,
p. 96. [1 9 : Uruguay.]
This diminutive species may be very closely allied to C. stric-
toides. The strongly oblique caudal margin of the lateral lobes
of the pronotum and different measurements indicate that it is
distinct. Length: body 9, pronotum 3.3, tegmen 0.3, caudal
femur 9.7, ovipositor 11 mm.
aberrans
1901. Xiphidium aberrans Redtenbacher, Verh. k.-k. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien,
xli, p. 516. [More than one 9 : Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.]
The nine to ten spines of the ventral margins of the cephalic
tibiae would apparently place this species in a different subgenus
from any of those known from America. The fastigium of the
vertex is narrow; the caudal margin of the lateral lobes is dis-
tinctly sinuate, the convex callosity oval and distinct.
Of the species previously referred to this genus or its synonyms
from North America, Xiphidium imispina is known to be a
member of the genus Orchelimum}^ We must also bear in
mind that the genus Conocephalus of authors has applied until
recently, not to the present forms, but to those American species
which n>ust now be placed in the genera Neoconocephalus and
Homocoryphus.
"^ Viile Rehn and Mcbard, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, xli, p. 81, (191.5).
REHN AND HEBARD 237
We give below in tabular form the extremes found in species
in tegminal and ovipositor length (in millimeters), and have also
stated the general form of the ovipositor and the results obtained
from counting the spines of the ventro-external margins of the
caudal femora. The normal counts for these spines give the
number for each limb individually, the extremes are based on
single limbs.
Tegmina ^ • •, Spines of ventro-
Macropterous Brachypterous "^''Po^'to'' external margins
ot raudal femora
lorigipes d' 15.. 3-20. 9 straight. normally 2 and 3.
9 16.9-23.3 7.4-9.8" extremes 1 to 5.
vitlicoUis o" 12.8-19.8 straight. none.
? 14.6-20.7 7.6-10.2
cinereus cf 20.9 ranging to 8'^ straight. normally 0.
9 19.8 ranging to 9 7-11.2 U% 1 to 2
f. fasciatus o^ 11.7-19,3 straight. normally 0.
9 10-21 .1 7-9.9 13% 1 tO 3.
/. idcin us d" 16.4-18.7 9 . 9-1 3 . 1 ^ ^ st raight . normally 0 .
9 15.6-18.5 10.6-13.9 7.5-13 4%ltj2.
ictus d 15.2-19.9 6-9.3-0 straight. normally 2 and 3.
9 19.1 4.8-10.1 9.3-13.9 14% 0.
extremes 0 to 7.
spinosus cf 14.3-21 .1 very weakly normally 3 and 4.
9 16.2-22.8 curved, extremes 2 to 6.
broader.
7-10.1
insularis cf 18.6 ranging to -^ 9. 1 straight. normally 0 and 1.
9 19.3 ranging to 11.3 8.9-10.1 417o 0.
extremes 0 to 3.
"^ Our measurements are taken from the base of the basal i)lica to the ai)ex
of the ovipositor. Redtenbacher gives 10.2 mm. for the maximum ovipositor
length of this species, measuring probably from the juncture of the subgenital
plate and ovipositor; this measurement is not constant, due to the mobility
of the subgenital plate, and would frequently exceed the dimension given by
us by about .4 mm.
'5 In this species the intergradation between the extremes of the macrop-
terous and semi-macropterous condition is gradual, and mnnerons intermed-
iate specimens are before us.
'^ No truly brachypterous form occurs in this geographic race, the material
treated in this column being more accuratelj' termed senii-maciopterous.
-"Tegminal length of one intermediate male 11.4 mm., and of one inter-
mediate female 13.9 mm. This is the only American species known to us in
which intermediates are found, though rarely, between a strongly macrop-
terous and a strongly brachypterous condition.
^' As in cinereus, the intergradation between the extremes of the macrop-
terous and semi-macropterous condition is gradual.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
238 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Macropterous Brachypterous Ovipositor
iriodes cf 15.2-16.4 nearly straight.
9 16.2-19.3 7.3-7.9
angusLifrons d" 8.2-9.4 nearly straight.
9 15.9 6.5-8.7 8-10
resacensis* cP 7.1-8.8 straight.
9 5.6-6 15.2-15.6
unicolor* cf 17 nearly straight.
9 18.4-18.9 14.7-16.4
stridus d" 15.7-17.8 5.1-7.3 nearly straight.
9 15.4-22 2.8-5.8 17.7-32.3
equatorialis o" 17.3-19.6 12.2-14.6 nearly straight .
9 18.1-19.5 1P2-1522 7.2-9.9«
saltator & 15-20.4 5.8-8.8 weakly curved
9 16.7-21.3 3.3-6.1 to nearly
straight.
8.4-14.9
horelli* & 4^2 distinctly
9 2.5"-3,9 curved.
7.82'-10.1
truncatus cf 5 . 2-5 . 8 weakly but dis-
9 2.6-2.9 tinctly curved.
8-8,9
versicolor* cf 19" 5.5-^-7.6 nearly straight.
9 20.3-22=^ 626-726 925_i3
ochrotelus** d" 4.9 and 5.2^6
9 ?
strictoides* & 7.6-7.9 nearly straight.
9 322-3.522 21.1-2422
leptopterus** cf nearly straight.
9 concealed. 30. 1
INCERTAE SEDIS2":
caizanum** cT "4" ?
9
exitiosum a' "6" "very slightly
curved."
9 "8" "12"
Spines of ventro-
external margins
of caudal femora
none.
normally 3 and 4.
extremes 1 to 7.
none.
normally 4 and 5.
extremes 4 to 6.
none.
normally 4 and 4.
extremes 1 to 6.
normally 2 and 3.
-2% 0.
extremes 0 to 6.
normally 4 and 5.
extremes 4 to 5.
normally 4 and 4.
extremes 3 to 5.
extremes 5 to 8.
"none."
"none."
22 This measurement is taken from the original description.
23 Though the extremes of the series before us are as given here, we find that
a length of over 8. mm. is very exceptional in the present species.
2'' Giglio-Tos gives this measurement in his description of the female of this
species.
26 Giglio-Tos gives this measurement m his original description of the
synonymous fcsUic.
2''' In this unique tyi)e the tegmina are not of ecjual length.
27 The following data is ((uoted from the various original descriptions.
REHN AND HEBARD 239
Tegmina ^. . -^ Spines of ventro-
Macropterous Brachypterous Ovipositor external margins
of caudal femora
resinum** cf "19" ? none (by infer-
9 ence).
aberrans* _ cf "subrectus." "none."
9 "17-20.5" "8.5-9"
doryphorum** (^ "rectus." "none."
Q ... "0.3" "11"
In the species marked with an asterisk not sufficient material
is known to give the probable extremes of the above diinensions,
those marked with two asterisks are known from the unique
types.
In the known females of the species here considered, the ovi-
positors of all range from scarcely arcuate to straight excepting
in C. borelli and C. truncatus, and in C. spinosus the arcuation is
nearly as pronounced as in those species, accompanied by a dis-
tinctive shape.
Comparison with an analogous chart -^ in the authors' first
paper on the present genus shows, that in tropical America fewer
species are known to develop both macropterous and brachypter-
ous conditions than in the United States. This is doubtless
partially due to the fact that our knowledge of the tropical species
is in almost every case more limited. In future time, experi-
mentation and study will doubtless bring to light many interest-
ing factors governing the development and relative abundance
of the macropterous and brachypterous condition in the species
of this genus.
Subgenus Opeastylus^^ new subgenus
The subgenus includes two species, both from temperate and
subtropical South America.
Type of Subgenus — Conocephalus I'itticoUis [Locusta vitticoUis]
(Blanchard).
Subgeneric Description. — Prosternum bispinose. Subgcnital
plate of male very strongly and sharply produced disto-laterad
in sharp straight spikes which are weakly divergent, on the ven-
tral surfaces of these productions are situated awl-like styles,
28 Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xli, p. 167, (1915).
25 From 67r£as=awl and (rTOXoj=a pillar (the stj'les), in allusion to the
awl-like styles of the male subgenital plate in the species of the subgenus.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
240 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
above which the produced portions are bent suddenly upAvard
thence again horizontal, their apices reaching as far as the
extremity of the enlarged proximal portion of the styles; between
these productions the distal margin of the plate is roundly emar-
ginate at an angle of a little less than ninety degrees. Ventral
margins of cephalic and median femora armed with six well
spaced spines. Caudal tibiae armed at distal extremities with
three pairs of spurs. Size medium for the genus.
Conocephalus longipes (Redtenbacher) (PI. XXII, fig. 1; XX,; 1, 2, 32
and 33; XXIV, 1.)
1891. Xiphidium longipes Redtenbacher, Verh. k.-k. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien,
xli, p. 505, pi. iv, figs. 81 a and b. [Buenos Aires [Argentina]; Montevideo
[Uruguay]; Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catharina [Brazil].]
The present insect is closely related to C. vitticolUs, but may
be readily separated by the narrow fastigium of the vertex,
more slender form, less extensive enlarged portion of male cerci
overhanging the cereal tooth, somewhat narrower ovipositor in
the female and armed ventro-external margins of the caudal
femora.
Redtenbacher has given a portion of the major differences,
but has misrepresented others in his brief and unsatisfactory
original description.
Vertex rather decidedly produced for the genus.^" Fastigium
of vertex but little over one-half as wide as proximal antennal
joint, narrowing with a distinct but weak concavity to the facial
suture, when seen from front distinctly twice as deep as great-
est width. Eyes small. Lateral lobes of pronotum of moderate
width, cephalic margin weakly arcuate, with scarcely a trace of
the ventro-cephalic angle, to the broadly rounded ventro-caudal
angle which is a little less than ninety degrees, caudal margin
weakly arcuate to the broad and distinct humeral sinus, convex
callosity very l)road. Tegmina long and slender, ^^ particularly
toward the sharply rounded apex; tympanal field of males rather
'" This species and C gracillimus have the vertex more distinctly produced
than in any other American forms known to us, and agree in having the occiput
ascending evenly toward the vertex and the vertex ascending slightly more
decidedly but very nearly in the same plane. In other respects the two si)ecies
are greatly dissimilar.
31 The extremes of tegminal length for this and the o^^her species here treated
are given in tubular form on pages 237 to 239.
REHN AND HEBARD 241
large for the genus, nearly quadrate. Male cercus moderately
stout and rather short; with a long slender weakly incurved
ventral tooth, which is directed weakly proximo-ventrad, situated
just distad of the median point; above this tooth the shaft of the
cercus is produced in an overhanging shelf, which extends nearly
two-thirds the distance to the base of the cercus and is narrow
but evenly rounded in outline; beyond the tooth the shaft of the
cercus narrows regularly and rapidly to the sharply rounded
apex and is somewhat flattened vertically on inner side, not
depressed. No approach toward brachypterism is apparent, the
decided amount of variation in tegminal length in the twenty-
three specimens before us being due to a general greater or lesser
size development, which in this series we believe to be the result
of local environmental conditions. The caudal femora vary
similarly in length, cf 11-12.8, 9 11.8-14.8 mm.; the genicular
lobes are normally bispinose; the genicular areas are not darkened;
the ventro-external margins are armed in the eighteen perfect
individuals before us as follows:
Number of spines, 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 2-2 2-3 2-4
Number of specimens, 2 13 12 11
Number of spines, 3-3 3-4 3-5 4-5 5-5
Number of specimens, 2 4 2 1 1
The dorsum of the abdomen bears on each side an indistinct
pale yellowish line.
The localities represented in the typical series and the material
before us cover the entire known range of the species. The
localities represented by our series of twenty-four recorded speci-
mens are: Rio Grande do Sul, BraziP^- Sapucay, Paraguay; Mis-
iones, Buenos Aires, Chacras de Coria and San Ignacio, Province
of Mendoza, Argentina. We have but three unrecorded speci-
mens of the insect.
Puerto Camera, Alto Parand. Paraguay, XII. 9, 19i:3. (C. Schrottkv), 1 9,
[A. N. S. P.].
Carcarana, Santa Fe, Argentina, 1 cf , 1 9 , [.\. N. 8. P.].
^- Two females before us from this locality are paratypes, sent to the .-\cad-
emy of Natural Sciences by Saussure.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
16
242 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Conocephalus vitticoUis (Blanchard) (PI. XXII, fig. 2; XXIII, 3 and 4;
XXIV, 2.)
1851. Locusta vitticoUis Blanchard, in Gay, Hist, fisica polit. Chile, ZooL, vi, p.
46, Orth. pi. II, figs. 5, a and b. [Coquimbo Province, Chile.]
This species, which replaces C. longipes in Chile, is a closely
related form, but readily separable by the characters given under
that species.
Vertex not as much produced as in longi/pes and accordingly
slightly less ascending. Fastigium of vertex over two-thirds
width of proximal antennal joint, narrowing with a distinct
concavity to facial suture, when seen from front about one and two-
thirds times as deep as greatest width. Eyes moderately large.
Lateral lobes of pronotum similar to those of longipes excepting
that they are distinctly broader and the ventro-cephalic angle is
noticeable as a very broadly rounded obtuse-angulation, convex
callosity exceedingly broad. Tegmina proportionately shorter
than in longipes, becoming extremely slender distad toward the
sharply rounded apex; tympanal field of males as in longipes.
Male cerci much as in longipes but proportionately shorter and
more compact, with portion overhanging tooth thicker and ex-
tending a full two-thirds of the distance to the base of the cercus.
No approach toward brachypterism is apparent though the
measurements^^ show decided variability due to a general greater
or lesser size development^^; the proportionate tegminal length
when compared with that of longipes is distinctly less than in that
species. The caudal femora vary similarly in length, cT 10.7-
14.3, 9 12.9-15.6 mm.; the genicular lobes are normally bi-
spinose; the genicular areas are not darkened ^^; the ventral mar-
gins are unarmed. The dorsum of the abdomen is frequently
infuscated in the present species and in such material the narrow
lateral yellowish lines, found weakly indicated in longipes, are
very striking.
33 Vide page 237.
3* The large series from El Olivar, Chile, averages very decidedly larger than
any of the other specimens before us. A warmer and more humid environ-
ment accompanied by more; luxuriant vegc^tation ap])arently ])rodu('('s a de-
cided size increase in many s])('cies of Orthoptera.
35 In some, more richly colored specimens of this and other species, the tissue
in drying is found to settle to a certain extent in th(>se areas, and careful exam-
ination is sometimes necessary to detect the fact that such (iarkeuing is due
to discoloration.
EEHN AND HEBARD 243
The species is known only from Chile, from the province of
Coquimbo southward to Valdivia. The Andes undoubtedly
separate its distril:)ution from that of longipes.
Specimens Examiticd: (5(); 22 males, 12 females, 10 immature males and 22
immature females.
El Olivar, Colchagua, Chile, 1, 1»H)5, (C. 8. Reed), 19 d",! 9, 10 juv. cf,
22 juv. 9, [A. N. 8. P.].
Penco, Concepcion, Chile, II, 1904, (C. S. Reed), 1 9 , [A. X. S. P.].
Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile, II, 10, 1904, (C. 8. Reed), 1 a", [A. X. 8. P.].
Hualqui, Concepcion, Chile, II, 25, 1904, (C. 8. Reed), 2 9 , [A. X. 8. P.].
Coronel, Concepcion, Chile, I, 1904, (C. S. Reed), 1 d", 1 9 , [A. X. 8. P.].
Lota, Concepcion, Chile, I, 1904, (C. S. Reed), 1 9, [A. X. 8. PJ.
8ubgenus Xiphidion 8erville
1S31. Xiphidiim 8erville, Ann. 8ci. X"at., xxii, p. 159.
1912. XipltvlioH Karny, Cen. Ins., fasc. 135, Subfam. Conocephalinae, {). 8.
Conocephalus cinereus Thunberg (PI. XXII, fig. 12; XXIII, 5 and 6.)
1.S15. C[oiu)C(jjli.(tlu.s] cinereus Thunberg, Mem. Acad. Imp. 8ci. 8t. Pet.ers-
bourg, V, ]). 273. [Jamaica.]
1S74. Orchelimnm ortnni 8cud(ler, Proc. Bost. 8oc. X'^at. Hist., wii, p. 265.
[Peruvian IMaran )n.]
Thunberg's description is very brief and unsatisfactory, but
recent collections made in Jamaica have enabled us to place this
species beyond question.
Constant misconception of C/a.sc/a<;/.s' has, however, resulted
in the present insect being recorded as that species many times,
by Burmeister, Gundlach, Redtenbacher, Griffini, Saussure and
Pictet, Karn}', Morse and Rehn, while semi-brachypterous indi-
viduals from Cuba have been recorded as hrevipennis by Bolivar
and Gundlach, and from Cuba, Jamaica and the Bahamas by
Rehn. To these mistakes have been added misidentifications
as snltator by Redtenbacher, Brunner and Saussure and Pictet
and as fasciatum variety saltator by Griffini. All of these difficul-
ties were due to the then universally supposed importance of teg-
minal length and complete disregard of the not as readily observed
male genitalic characters, the form of the lateral lobes of the
pronotum and the color pattern in both sexes.
Examination of the type of Scudder's Orchelimum ortoni proves
that it is an absolute synonym of the present species, based upon
a unique dried-alcoholic female in the macropterous condition.
The present insect is related to C. fasciatus, differing from that
TR.'VNS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
244 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
species mainly in the somewhat more robust form; larger and
more prominent eyes; broader and differently shaped lateral
iobes of the pronotum; immaculate abdomen, the distal half of
which in males of cinereus is uniform and striking yellow in life
(in various specimens varying in shade from cadmium to capu-
cine yellow), and in the male cerci being more elongate with the
distal portion decidedly depressed and lateral margins of same
distinctly converging (this more noticeable as the distal portion
is decidedly more elongate than in fasciatus) , and with the apex
more narrowly but still broadly rounded. The male cerci are con-
colorous with the distal portion of the abdomen in this species;
in fasciatus they are green unless discolored in drying.
Vertex not strongly but distinctly ascending. Fastigium of
vertex normally about two-thirds, varying occasionally from less
than two-thirds to fully the width of the proximal antennal joint,
narrowing with a distinct but very weak concavity to facial
suture, when seen from front about one and one-half times as
deep as greatest width. Eyes moderately large and prominent.
Lateral lobes of pronotum broader than in fasciatus, cephalic mar-
gin moderately oblique and nearly straight to the broadly rounded
obtuse-angulate ventro-cephalic angle, thence nearly straight to
the sharply rounded ventro-caudal angle which is distinctly less
than ninety degrees, caudal margin weakly sinuous, nearly
straight to the shallow humeral sinus, convex callosity very nar-
row. Tegmina macropterous, varying to a semi-brachypterous
condition in all large series from various portions of the range of
the species, apex of tegmina always sharply rounded. Male cerci
as described above. The genicular lobes of the caudal femora are
normally bispinose^'^; the genicular areas are not darkened; but
sixteen of a series of over one hundred perfect specimens before us
have the ventro-external margins of the caudal femora armed as
follows:
Number of spines, 0-1 0-2 1-1 1-2 2-2 2-3
Number of specimens," 6 16 111
3^ As in almost all of the species showing this condition, rare individuals are
found having one, two or three of these lobes unispinose, and very rarely this
is tnie for all four of the genicular lobes of the caudal femoru. In species
having these lobes normally unispinose, a bispinose condition of even one or
two of the lobes is very rarely found.
''From the Bahamas, one" .Jamaica, five; Costa Rica, one; Panama, one;
Venezuela, one; FlViich (!uian;i, two; Peru, five (of six before us.)-
REHN AND HEBARD 245
In females the yellow area of the distal portion of the abdo-
men is reduced in size and decidedly less brilliant than in males.
The specimens from Puntarenas, and Rio Grande, Costa Rica,
have the vertex unusually narrow, appreciably less than two-
thirds the width of the proximal antennal joint; a number of
specimens have the vertex decidedly wider than usual, and the
specimens from St. Thomas, West Indies, and Medellin, Mexico,
have this width fully equal to that of the proximal antennal joint.
In spite of such variation in this and a few other species, the
character may be said to be on the whole of considerable diag-
nostic value, particularly when considered in conjunction with
other important characters. No single characters may be relied
upon for specific determinations in the present genus without
disastrous results.
Measiiretncnts {in. iiiilliiudcrs) of extremes
Length of tecmen Length of raudal femur Length of
ovipositor
o"^ 9.0' 9
Havana. Cuba 10.9-17.3 11.1-19.7 10.1-12.9 10.9-14.3 S-10.7
Montego Bay,
Jamaica... 9.4-17.1 9-17.1 9.2-12.1 9.9-12.3 7-9.2
Costa Rica. ... 13 . 9-19 . 2 12 . 3-lS .6 12 . 2-13 . 2 12 . 7-13 .2 9.1-9.7
Ancon, Panama 14.9-18.7 15.7-19.8 13-13.4 13.6-14.4 10.1-11.2
La Pedrita, Ven-
ezuela 13- U). 9 1.1. 7-16.9 12-12 2 12.7-13.1 8.S-8.9
Cayeime, French
Cuiana ... 17.2 19.4 13.2 14.0 10.1
Ea.'^tern Peru . 19-20.9 19.1 13. 3-1."). 4 14.7 9 4
At Montego Bay, Jamaica, a series was taken in sliort grass
along the Montego River — these specimens are distinctly depaup-
erate; specimens taken in areas of heavier grass near the jungle
at the same locality' are of normal size. Observation of the
species elsewhere in the field in Jamaica and Panama, convinces
us that the considerable variation in size and tegminal length is
due chiefly to immediate environment; local luxuriance of vc^ge-
tation appears to be usually accompanied by local aggrandize-
ment of individuals of the species of this and many oiher genera
of Orthoptera.
The present insect is known from the Bahamas, Cuba, Haj'ti,
Porto Rico and adjacent smaller islands, Jamaica, continental
America from A'era Cruz, Mexico, southward through Costa Rica
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
246 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
and Panama to northern South America, where it is known south-
eastward as far as Cayenne, French Guiana, and southwestward
as far as Contamano, Peru. It is the dominant species of the
genus only in the Bahamas, Greater Antilles and northernmost
Lesser Antilles.
In the present instance, we have included below material
previously misidentified and now before us, to assist in future
distributional and other studies.
Specimens Examined: 200; 104 males, 77 females, 6 immature males and 13
immature females.
Nassau, New Providence Island, Bahamas, I, 31, 190-4, (Hebard; in short
grass), 2 cf , 2 9 ,^« [Hebard Cln.]; VI, 28, 1904, (G. M. Allen), 1 cf, 1 9,"
[M. C. Z.], (aU semi-macr.).4o
Guane, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, IX, 24 to 26, 1913, (F. E. Lutz), 6 d^, 5 9,1
juv. 9 , [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.], (3 cf , 3 9 semi-macr.).
North of Vinales, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, IX, 16 to 22, 1913, (F. E. Lutz), 1
cT, [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.].
Pinar del Rio, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, IX, 9 to 24, 1913, (F. E. Lutz), 4:d', 5
9, [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.].
Cabanas, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, IX, 5 to 8, 1913, (F. E. Lutz), 4 d", [Am.
Mus. Nat. Hist.], (3 semi-macr.).
Havana, Cuba,", I, 23, 1904, (Hebard), 6 cf, 1 9,1 juv. 9 , [Hebard Cln.];
(C. F. Baker), 1 cf , 2 9 , [A. N. S. P.], (2 c^, 1 9 semi-macr.).
Cayamas, Oriente, Cuba, XII, 21 to II, 28, (E. A. Schwarz), 2 d', 2 9,
[LT. S. N. M.], (1 9 semi-macr.).
Cristo, Oriente, Cuba, X, 3, 1913, (F. E. Lutz), 2 juv. 9, [Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist.].
Guantanamo, Oriente, Cuba, X, 4 to 8, 1913, (F. E. Lutz), 5 cT, 3 9,2 juv.
9, [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.], (3 cd', 4 9 semi-macr.).
Baracoa, Oriente, Cuba, IX, 15 to X, 4, 1901, (A. Busck), 2 c/", 3 9, [U. S.
N. M.], (3 9 semi-macr.).
San Francisco Mountains, San Domingo, IX, 1905, (A. Busck), 5 cf , 3 9,
[U. S. N. M.].
Mona Island, Porto Rico, II, 21 to 26, 1914, 1 d^, 3 juv. cf , 2 juv. 9 , [Am.
Mus. Nat. Hist.], {(f semi-macr.).
38 Recorded by Rehn as A', hrevipenne, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxii,
p. 116, (1906).
33 Recorded by Morse as X. Jaaciatum, Psyche, xii, p. 20, (1905).
^0 The less usual conditions of tegminal development are given in ])arcn-
theses at the end of each record in the i)resent paper except where, in certain
species, it has been thought best to give the condition for each specimen.
Macr. = macroi)terous and brach. = brachyi)terous. Dried alcoholic material
is also indicated by "dr. alch."
^1 The semi-ma cropterous material of this series has been recorded as X.
hrevipenne (in part), the macropterous as A', fasciahun (in part) by Rehn,
Cent. Exp. Sta. Rept. Cuba, p. 216, (1909).
REHN AND HEBARD 247
Mayaguez, Mayaguez, Porto Rico, XII, 18, 1911, II, 23, 1912, (C. W.
Hooker), 1 d", 1 9," [U. S. N. M.], (semi-macr.); I, 1899, (A. Busck), 1 9,
[U. S. N. M.].
Arecibo, Arecibo, Porto Rico, VII, 30 to VIII, 1, 19U, 2 juv. a , [Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist.].
San Juan, Porto Rico, VIII, 2 and 3, 1914, 1 juv. a", 1 juv. 9 , [Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist.].^2
Bayamon, San Juan, Porto Rico, I, 1899, (A. Busck), 2 o", [U. S. X. M.],
(1 semi-macr.).
Rio Piedras, Humacao, Porto Rico, VI, 1902, (O. W. Barrett), 2 cf, 1 9,"
[A. X. S. P.]; IX, 24, 1912, (T. H. Jones), 1 cf , [U. S. X. 'SI.].
Arroyo, Guayama, Porto Rico, II, 1899, (A. Busck), 1 d", 2 9« [U. S. X. M.],
(1 9 semi-macr.).
Culebra Iskmd, Porto Rico, II, 1899, (A. Busck), 2 9 ,'- [U. S. X. M.], (semi-
macr., dr. alch.).
Vieques Islaji.l, Porto Rico, III, 27, 1900, (C. W. Richmond), 1 9," [I'. S.
N. M.].
St. Thomas, West Indies, VIII, 2, (A. Busck), 1 cf , 1 9 , [V. S. X. M.].
Lapknd, Catadupa, Jamaica, III. 9, 1911, 1 9, [Am. Mus. Xat. Hist.],
(semi-macr.).
Montego Bay, Jamaica, III, 6, 1911, [Am. Mus. Xat. Hist.], 1 9 ; XI, 3 and
4, 1913, (Hebard), 6 d", 5 9, [Hebard CIn.], (5 cf , 3 9 semi-macr.).
Mandeville, Jamaica, XI, 6, 1913, (Hebard; grassy pasture), 1 cf , [Hebard
Chi.].
Rio Cobre near Bogwalk, Jamaica, X, 25, 1913, (Hebard; open gi'assy areas),
2 cf , 1 9, [Hebard Chi.], (1 cf, semi-macr.).
Grange Lane, Jamaica, X, 25, 1913, (Hebard; heavy grass near forest), 1 cf,
1 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Kingston, Jamaica, X, 23, 1913, (Hebard; grassy pasture), 8 c?', 7 9 , [Hebard
CIn.], (7 c?, 5 9 semi-macr.).
Stony Hill, Jamaica, X, 25, 1913, (Hebard), 2 c?, [Hebard Chi.], (semi-macr.).
Hope Gardens, Jamaica, II, 22, 1911, 1 cf, [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.], (semi-
macr.).
MedeUin, Vera Cruz, Mexico, IX, 1895, (L. Bruner), 1 9, [Hebard Cln.],
(semi-macr.).
Old Vera Cruz, Vera Cruz, Mexico, XII, 8, 1909, (F. C Bishopp), 1 cf ,
[U. S. X. M.], (semi-macr.).
San Rafael, Vera Cruz, Mexico, (C. H. T. Tovvnsend), 1 c^, 1 9, [Hebard
CIn.], (semi-macr.).
^-Recorded by Rehn as X- fa.^ciatum, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxix, p. 134,
1903.
« Recorded by Rehn as X. fasciatum, Bull. .\m. Mus. Xat . Hist ., xxviii,
p. 76, (1910).
TR.\XS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
248 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, III, 1902, (P. Biolley), 2 d^, 2 ?, [A. N. S. P.],
(semi-macr.).
Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica, 1 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Puntarenas, Costa Rica, II, 1907, (P. Biolley; strand, leaves of Ipomaca),^
1 9, [A. N. S. P.], (semi-macr.).
San Jose, Costa Rica, III and VI, 1904 to 1906, 1160 meters elevation, (P.
Biolley), 3 9,^* [A. N. S. P.], (1 semi-macr.).
Rio Grande, Costa Rica, III, 6, 1902, (M. Gary), 1 d", [Hebard Cln.], (semi-
macr.).
Carillo, Costa Rica, III, 1902, (P. Biolley), 1 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Guatel, Costa Rica, (C. F. Underwood), 1 o^,« [A. N. S. P.].
Paraiso, Costa Rica, IV, 20. 1910, (P. P. Calvert), 1 9 , [A. N. S. P.], (semi-
macr.).
Juan Vinas, Costa Rica, VII, 31, 1909, (P. P. Calvert), 1 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Siquires, Costa Rica, VIII, 3, 1903, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 2 a", [Hebard Cln.].
Ancon, Canal Zone, Panama, XI, 12, 1913, (Hebard; open marshy grass-
land), 6 cf, 6 9, (1 cf, 2 9 nearly semi-macr.).
La Piedrita, Venezuela, II, 16, 1911, (S. Brown), 14 c?, 2 9,4 juv. 9,
[A. N. S. P.], (8 cT semi-macr.).
Cali, Cauca Valley, Colombia, V, 26, 1914, (H. S. Parish), 3 o^, [A. N. 8. P.],
(2 semi-macr.).
Cayenne, French Guiana, 1 cT, (W. Schaus), [U. S. N. M.]; 1 9, (Ex Saus-
sure, labelled /a .scia^ MS), [A. N. S. P.], (dr. alch.).
Rio Maranon, Peru, 1 9 , [M. C. Z.], type oi Orchelimum ortoni Scudder, (dr.
alch.).
Rio Pacaya, Peru, VII, 1912, 1 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Contamano, Rio Ucayali, Peru, X-XII, 1912, 3 c^, 2 9, [A. N. S. P.], (dr.
alch.).
Conocephalus fasciatus fasciatus (DeGeer)**^
1773. Locudn Jascwtn De Gecr, Mem. I'Hist. Ins., iii, p. 458, pi. 40, fig. 4.
[Pennsylvania.]
This species has been widely confused in studjdng tropical
American material with the allied but distinctive C. cinereus, and
with the very diiferent C. saltator. Careful study of the very
*^ The finding of a specimen on strand vegetation, from which spot we have
an example of C- spinosus, is not surprising. C. spinosus has been taken in
salt marsh at Coronado Beach, California, a few feet from grasses and strand
plants where C. fasciatus vicinus is to be found. The present species supplants
C. f. fasciatus and its race and is found imder similar local environmon^^al con-
ditions.
■"^ Recorded by Rehn as A', fasciatuin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 190.5,
p. 826, (1906).
^^ For a more detailed discussion of the present species, vide Rehn and
Hebard, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xU, p. 170, (1915).
REHN AND HEBARD 249
large series of these species before us shows conckisively, that the
present insect is found only in North America southward
through northern Mexico on the Gulf coast as far as ^'era Cruz,
and also on the island of Bermuda. With no material of the
genus from northern Mexico, we are unable to state how far south-
ward the ranges of fasciatus fasciatus and fasciatus vicinus
extend, though both races occur along the Mexican bound-
ary. The single small specimen from Vera Cruz, in the fairly
large series of the genus from that region before us, would sug-
gest that the species is not found farther south. Study of the
Bermudan fauna shows /asc/oius s.s. to be the sole representative
of the genus on that island, one male and three females before us
not differing at all from typical material of the species.
Under cinereus and saUator the "frequent misconceptions of the
present species are discussed. Normally the form of the lateral
lobes of the pronotum in fasciatus s.s. and fasciatus vicinus is
particularly distinctive when compared with that of the other
American species of the genus.
Vertex not strongly but distinctly ascending. Fastigium of
vertex fully to very slightly more than two-thirds the width of
the proximal antennal joint, narrowing with a distinct but very
weak concavity to facial suture, when seen from front about one
and one-half times as deep as greatest width. Eyes decidedly
small. Lateral lobes of pronotum rather narrow, cephalic margin
evenly and distinctly convex to the rather broadly rounded
ventro-caudal angle,**^ thence weakly but distinctly convex to the
distinct humeral sinus; convex callosity moderately broad. Teg-
mina always macropterous in typical fasciatus, varying to semi-
brachypterous in the western race fasciatus vicinus, in which race
this condition is the normal. Male cerci rather short and stout,
mesal portion very slightly larger than proximal portion, with a
very broad and heavy mesal (vertical) internal tooth which is ])er-
pendicular to the shaft of the cercus and directed inter no-mesad
with sharp thorn-like apex weakly decurved. In both races of
"Variation occnirs in which this margin becomes weakly concave before
reaching the ventro-caudal angle and, in such si)ecimens, the ventro-cephalic
angle is in consequence weakly indicated and the form of the lateral lobes
more similar to the general type found in the species of the present subgenus.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
250 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
fasciatus the abdomen, particularly in males, is distinctly tris-
triate, which contrasts strongly in that sex with the green cerci/^
In addition to nearly one thousand recorded specimens which
have been recently examined by us, we here record a single
female.
Vera Cruz, Vera Cruz, Mexico, XII, 1SS7, (L. Bruner), 1 9 , (Hebard Cln.].
Conocephalus ictus (Scudder) (PI. XXII, figs. 3, 13 and 20; XXIII, 7, 8
and 9; XXIV, 3.)
1859. X[iphidium] me.ricanum Saussure, Rev. et Mag. de Zuol., 2<^ ser., xi, p.
208. [Mexico].
1875. Xiphidimn ictum Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvii, j). 461.
[Mexico; Guatemala].
Saussure's name, Xiphidium mexicanum, based uponniacrop-
terous examples of this species,'*^ is unfortunately not available
at the present day; the present use of the name Conocephalus
for the genus then called Xiphidium prevents the use of his
■specific name, as on the same page of the work in which the
present species is described, and having line priority, we find
Conocephalus mexicanus described, which species is now placed
in the genus Neoconocephalus. Scudder described brachypterous
examples of the same species as Xiphidium ictum, which specific
name must be used as the first available for the species.
The position of the present insect is between C. cinereus and
C. spinosus, from both of which species it differs decidedly in
general appearance; the males suggesting very heavy and deeply
colored males of C. stricius, while the females suggest, to some
degree, large and very heavy examples of that sex of C. brevi-
pennis. From cinereus this species differs in the much more
robust structure, more truncate form, normally broader vertex,
decidedly more quadrate lateral lobes of the pronotum and
decidedly larger tympanum of the male tegmina with much
longer stridulating vein. The male cerci of the two species are
^8 In life, certain species of the genus have the cerci green; this excellent
character can not be used for dried material as the green coloration often fades
or even completely disappears in drying.
^9 We have before us a brachypterous male specimen taken by Sumi(?hrast
in Mexico, received from Saussure and identified by him as his A', mexicanum,
probably originally from the same series on which Scudder's name is in part
based.
REHN AND HEBARD 251
quite similar, the ovipositor of idus is of the normal type but
averages decidedly longer and distinctly broader than in cincreus.
When compared with spinosus the present species is found to
differ in the more robust structure, much more truncate form,
very much more quadrate lateral lobes of the pronotuni, longer
stridulating vein of male tegminal tympanum, different colora-
tion and very different genitalic characters of l)oth sexes. The
species is decidedly variable in several usually very constant
characters for the species of the genus.
Size medium to large, form very robust. Vertex not strongly
but distinctly ascending. Fastigium of vextex broad, greatest
width fully that of proximal antennal joint .^^ one and one-half
times as deep as wide, narrowing with a distinct concavity to
facial suture. Eyes of medium size, moderately protruding.
Lateral lobes of pronotum rather broad, cephaUc margin straight
to the broadly rounded ventro-cephalic angle, then straight and
more nearly horizontal than usual to the sharply rounded nearly
rectangulate ventro-caudal angle, caudal margin distinctly but
weakly convex to the shallow humeral sinus, convex callosity mod-
erately broad and distinct. Tegmina normally semi-brachyp-
terous, reaching distal extremity of male abdomen and covering
about two-thirds of female abdomen, broad, \^dth distal portion
narrowing rather sharply and immediate apex sharply rounded.
We have before us several specimens in which the tegmina are
unusually truncate and in these the immediate apex is very
broadly rounded. Rarely specimens are macropterous. i\Iale
tegminal tympanum very large, not elongate, stridulating vein
50 A series of four cf , one 9 and one juv. 9 from Texolo, Vera Cruz, Moxico»
have the vertex unusually narrow, two-thirds the width of the i)n)xunai
antennal joint in the males and about four-fifths the width of the same m
the females, with sides, as would be expected, less concave, 'fhe specimens
are otherwise inseparable from other smaller indivi(hials of the species.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
0-0
0-1
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
2-2
12
6
2
5
7
1
1
2-3
2-4
2-6
3-3
3-4
3-5
4-4
16
3
1
7
6
3
6
4-5
4-6
4-7
5-5
5-6
5-7
4
2
1
2
3
1
252 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
unusually long with veins prominent. Male cerci^' as in cinereus
{vide key). Subgenital plate with distal margin truncate be-
tween the rather long disto-lateral styles (these .7 mm. in length).
The caudal femora are heavy, with genicular areas usually very
dark in color; the genicular lobes are normally bispinose; the
ventro-external margins of the caudal femora are armed in the
eighty-nine perfect specimens before us as follows:
Number of spines,
Number of specimens,
Number of spines,
Number of specimens.
Number of spines,
Number of specimens.
The series of 12 specimens with these margins unarmed *are
from the State of Vera Cruz; the great majority having more
than eight spines in all are from Lower California.
The large series before us shows variability in size, vertex, lat-
eral lobes of pronotum, tegmina and particularly apex of the same,
male cerci, ovipositor length, coloration of genicular areas of the
caudal femora and armament of the ventro-external margins
of the same; which is convincing evidence that the present insect
is one of the most plastic of the American species of the genus.
Measurements {in millimeters) of extremes
y. Length of
O" body
San Jof^edelCabo,
Lower California 13-14.5
Tepic, Mexico ... 14 . 3
Orizaba, Mexico . 12 . 4-15 . 4
Medellin, Mexico 13 . 7
51 The entire series of males before us from Lower California and Tepic,
Mexico, have the distal portion of the cercus somewhat wider than normal with
apex more broadly rounded (though not nearly as broadly rounded as in C.
spinosus). No other note^vorthy variation occiu-s in the series and, as we
have found that in eastern Mexico there is occasionally a marked contrast in
the degree of production and narrowness of the distal portion of the cercus, we
do not consider that sufficient differentiation has taken place to waiTant the
recognition of a western geograjjhic race.
A male before us from Santa Rosa, Mexico, has the distal portion of the
cercus unusually produced for the species ajid narrowing decidedly to the very
sharply rounded apex. In a single specimen of the very large series of C.
hrcvipennis before us, a similarly unusual development has occurred.
Length of
pronotum
Length of
tegmcn
Length of
caudal femur
Length of
cercus
3.6-4.2
8.3-11.4
11.6-14.2
1.7-1.9
3.8
16.8*
13.2
1.7
3.6-4.1
8.2-9.3
11.6-14.6
1.6-1.8
3.7
7.9
13
1.7
REHX AND HEBARD
253
&
Length of
body
Length of
pronotum
Length of
tegnien
Length of
caudal femur
Length of
cercua
Santa Rosa,
Mexico
15.5
4.2
19.9*
15 7
1.9
La Zaouulpa,
Mexico
15.5
3.7
15.2*
13.9
19
Tonala, Mexico .
14.5
3.8
17.8*
13.8
1.8
Cacao Trece
Aguas, Guate-
mala
ll.S-15
3.3-3.8
6-S . 3
12.2-13.6
1 ()-1.8
San Marcos. Nic-
aragua
13-14.3
3 . 3-3 . 7
7 . 3-8 . t)
12-12 6
1 7-1. 8
9
Length of
ovipositor
San Jose del Cabo,
Lower California
12-15.3
3.7-4.3
8.8-19.1*
14-15.3
12 5-13.9
Orizaba, ^Mexico .
13-13.3
3.3-3.7
t) . 3-(5 . 5
12.9-13.2
10.6-12
Jalapa, Mexico. .
12.7
3.7
5.9
12 8
9.3
Medellin, Mexico
13-18
3.7-3.9
5 . 8-6 . 3
13-14 7
10 1-12.8
Secanquin, Guate-
mala
13.7
3.8
4.8
12.5
10 3
San Marcos,
Nicaragua ....
14-16
3 .7-3.8
6.8-8
13.7-13.9
12-12.3
Of the four males and one female which are macropteroiis and
are marked with an asterisk above, the length to the apex of the
wing is 20.6, 24.8, 19.9, 23.3 and 24.3 mm. respectively.
In coloration the present species has the medio-longitudinal
stripe of head and pronotum very striking; shining and very dark
blackish brown, usually ver}' narrowly margined with yellowish.
The general coloration is pale green. The male sex has the
ventro-proximal portion of the abdomen green, the concealed
portion argus brown bilineate dorso-laterad with buff, the entire
distal portion including the cerci uniform tawny, varying in
different examples to ochraceous tawny. In females the abdomen
is suffused with brown dorsad, bilineate with a paler shade dorso-
laterad.
The species is not known from without the range defined i)y
the localities given below.
In addition to a number of specimens j)reviously recorded as
this species or as the synonymous A', mexicanum, we Ikm'c record
the following series of 103 specimens; 43 males, 46 females, 4
immature males and 10 inunature females.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
254 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico, 19 cT, IS 9,3 juv. d^,
[Hebard Cln.], (1 9 macr., 1 9 semi-macr., all dr. alch.)-
Tepic, Tepic, Mexico, 2 d", 1 9 , [Hebard Cln.], (1 d", macr., all dr. alcli.).
Venis Mecas, Mexico, I, 6, 1878, (E. Palmer), 1 9 , [M. C. Z.].
Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico, VI, 1894, 1 cf , 1 9 , [Hebard Cln.], (dr. alch.).
Cordoba, Vera Cruz, Mexico, VI, 11 and 12, (F. Knab), 1 o", 1 9,2 juv. 9 ,
[U. S. N. M.].
Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico, I, 1892, 2 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Medellin, Vera Cruz, Mexico, IX to XI, 1895, (L. Bruner), 1 d', 5 9,
[Hebard Cln.].
Otoj'ac, Vera Cruz, Mexico, XI to XII, 1887, (L. Bruner), 2 cf , 2 9, [He-
bard Cln.].
Santa Rosa, Vera Cruz, Mexico, VIII, (Wm. Schaus), 1 cf , [Hebard Cln.],
(macr.).
La Buena Ventura Plantation, near Santa Rosa, Vera Cruz, Mexico, VII,
13, 1909, (A. Petrunkivitch; swept from grasses), 1 9 , [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.].
Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico, VII, 7, 1900, 5000 ft., (C. C. Deam), 1 9,
[U.S. N. M.], (dr. alch.).
Cuautla, Morelos, Mexico, VII 1o VIII, 3, 1903, (W. L. Tower), 4 (f', 5 9,
5 juv. 9 , [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.].
Jojutla, Morelos, Mexico, VIII, 6, 1903, (W. L. Tower), 2 o^ 2 9 , [Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist.].
Matamoros, Morelos, Mexico, VIII, 12, 1903, (W. L. Tower), 1 d', [Am.
Mus. Nat. Hist.].
Tonala, Chiapas, Mexico, VIII, 1, 1909, (A. Petrunkivitch), 1 d", [Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist.], (macr.).
La Zacualpa, Chiapas, Mexico, VIII, 11, 1909, (A. Petrunkivitch), 1 d",
[Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.], (macr.).
Secanquin, Guatemala, IV, 14, 1905, (A. McLachlan), 1 d", 1 9,2 juv. 9,
[U. S. N. M.], (dr. alch.).
San Felipe, Retalhuleu, Guatemala, II, 23, 1905, 1 9, [U. S. N. M.], (dr.
alch.).
Cacao Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, III, 24 and IV, 25, (Schwarz
and Barber), 4 d", 1 juv. d', 1 juv. 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Quirigua, Izabal, Guatemala, II, 1912, (W. P. Cockerell), 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.],
(dr. alch.).
San Marcos, Nicaragua, (C. F. Baker), 2 d', 2 9 " [A. N. S. P. and Morse
Cln.l.
Conocephalus spinosus ( Morse) *^
UiOl. Xijihi'liiiiH sj/ino.suni Morse, Can. Ent., xxxiii, p. 201. [Coronado,
California.]
^' Recorded by Rehn in Baker as X. propinquum and there also queried by
Morse as X. gossi/pii, Invertebr. Pacifica, i, p. 78, (1905).
S3 For further data on this species see Rehn and Ilel)ar(l, Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc, xh, p. 180, (1915).
REHN AND HEBARD 255
When compared with its nearest relative, C. fasdatus, the pres-
ent species is found to differ in the more robust form, wider
vertex, larger (normal) eyes, differently shaped lateral lobes of
the pronotum and very narrow convex callosity of the same,
immaculate abdomen with distal portion pale yellow (in males
this coloration including the cerci and showing in this respect a
greater similarity to C. cinereus), heavier and decidedly longer
cerci with straight distal portion broader and very tlecidedly
depressed for a much greater distance, ventro-external margins
of the caudal femora bearing normally a number of heavier
spines and ovipositor which is heavier and differs in outline from
all other American species in being noticeably widest meso-distad.
Vertex weakly ascending. Fastigium of vertex as wide as
l)roximal antennal joint, narrowing with a decided concavity to
facial suture, when seen from front about one and one-third
times as deep as wide. Lateral lobes of pronotum deep, cephalic
margin straight, ventro-cephalic angle l)roadly rounded, ventral
margin straight and oblique to the sharply rounded ventro-caudal
angle, caudal margin sinuous and nearly perpendicular to the dis-
tinct hum(M-al sinus. Cereal tooth much as in fasciatus Init sit-
uated relatively proximad, this due to the elongation of the mesal
and distal portions of the cercus in the present species. The
genicular lobes of the caudal femora are normally bispinose; the
genicular areas are not darkened; the ventro-external margins of
the caudal femora are armed in the eight perfect specimens from
lower California before us as follows:
Numl)er of spines, 2 2 2-3 2-4 3 3 3-4 4-4 4-G
Number of specimens, 1 1 1 1 2'^' 1 1
The above material agrees fully with the types except that the
specimens average in all proportions somewhat larger. The
single specinuMi, recorded below from Costa Rica, is perfectly
typical except that the ventro-external margins of the caudal
femora are unarmed.
'^ One of these specimens bears a single si)ine on one of the venlro-inteinal
niartrins of the caudal femora.
TH.^NS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
256 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
Measurements (in millimeters) of extremes
San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico
O o3 0|3 O'^ O
-*j>i *3s -i^c -w-s *^r
MT3 Mo Mt;, Ms acf;
flo cti si' Cc; Co
(uja ojo, tui:- ojc ojo
M I-) 1-^ hJ hJ
<j^ 14.9-16.6 3.4-3.8 16.8-21.1 13.6-13.9 2.2-2.3
9 13-16.7 3.2-4 18.3-22.8 13.6-15.3 9.5-10.1
Puntarenas, Costa Rica
cT 14.9 3.3 14.3 13.2 2
The present species is now known on the Pacific coast from
Coronado Bay, California, to Puntarenas, Costa Rica. It is a
halophytic insect, the only species of the genus known as yet
from the salt marshes of the Pacific coast.
In addition to 10 recorded specimens which have been recently examined
by us, we here record the following series of 11 specimens; 6 males and 5
females.
San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico, 5 cf, 5 9, [Hebard Cln.],
(dr. alch.).
Puntarenas, Costa Rica, II, 1907, (P. BioUey; strand, on leaves of I pomaen),
1 cf , [A. N. S. P.].
Conocephalus insularis (Morse) (PI. XXII, fig. 14; XXIII, 10 and 11;
XXIV, 4.)
1905. Xiphi'lium insularis Morse, Psyche, xii, p. 20. [Stranger Cay, Bahama
Islands].
The present insect is, as stated by Morse, closely allied to C.
gracillimus, but differs from that species in the wider and less
produced vertex (width of same two-thirds that of proximal
antennal joint), broader and decidedly shallower lateral lobes of
the pronotum which causes the ventro-cephalic angle to become
more prominent, ""^ slightly less attenuate form and proportion-
ately shorter limbs. As in the other species of group C, gracil-
limus and iriodes, the convex callosity of the lateral lobes of the
pronotum is very broad. A semi-macropterous form is present
in this species, which is found to grade without a break into a very
55 "Distinctly polygonal in outline instead of triangular," Morse, (in com-
parison with C. gracillinius). This is rather too brief, for, although the lateral
lobes of the pronotum in gracillimus show a nearer approach to a triangular
form, the ventro-cephalic angle is distinct in that species also, though very
broadly rounded.
0-1
0-2
1-1
1-2
2-2
2-3
10
2
2
3
1
2
REHN AND HEBARD 257
strongly macropterous condition. Only a strongly macropterous
phase has been found in graciUimus. In darker specimens the
abdomen is strikingly marked as in graciUimiis with three narrow
dark bands, one mesal and the others lateral, the two intervening
spaces forming iisualty bright 3'ellow bands. In such specimens
the lateral lobes of the pronotum are usually marked mesad with
a diffused dark postocular stripe. The cerci are of the same form
as in gracillimus and bright green in coloration during life. The
genicular lobes of the caudal femora are normally bispinose; the
genicular areas are not darkened; unlike graciUimus the ventro-
external margins are often armed with one to three very small
spines, in the series of thirty-four perfect specimens before us 20
being armed as follows:
Number of spines,
Number of specimens.
Of twenty-four Cuban specimens before us sixteen are macrop-
terous to varying degrees, while the entire series of thirteen
examples from Jamaica are semi-macropterous.
Of the two species of the genus found in both Cuba and Jamaica,
this insect is much the less numerous, being found rarely and then
in small numbers in open areas of short grass. The species is now
known from Nassau, New Providence Island, Mangrove Cay
and Stranger Cay, Bahamas; Cuba; Hayti and Jamaica.
In addition to the tj'pe, a macropterous male, we have examined the follow-
ing series of 43 specimens; 28 males, 10 females, 2 immature males and 6 im-
mature females.
Guane, Pinar del Rio. Cuba, IX, 24 to 2(1, 1913, (F. E. Lutz), 2 d" , [Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist.], (macr.)
North of Viiiales, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, IX, IG to 22, 1913, (F. E. Lutz). 4 o",
19,2 juv. ? , [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.], (2 cf , 1 9 , macr.).
Pinar del Rio, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, IX, 9 to 24, 1913, (F. E. Ltitz), 7 d", 1
9 , [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.], (4 cj", 1 9 macr.).
Cabanas, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, IX, r> to 8, 1913, (F. E. Lutz), 2 d, [Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist.], ( 1 cf macr.).
Havana, Cuba,^^ (C. F. Baker), 2 o^ [A. X. S. P.j; I. 23, 1904. (Hebard),
1 o^, [Hebard Cln.], (1 macr.).
Jesus del Monte, Havana, Cuba, I, 23, 1904, ( Hebard >, 1 juv. o", 1 juv.
9, [Hebard Cln.].
5^ The macropterous six'cimeii was recorded as A'./rt.sa«/».s- (in part) and the
semi-macropterous specimens as A', brevipenni.s (in part) by Rehn, Cent.
Exp. Sta. Rept. Cuba, p. 21G. (1909).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
17
258 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Cayamas,Oriente, Cuba, III, 7 to VI, 10, (E. A. Schwarz), 3 9 , [U. S. N. M.],
(macr.).
Cristo, Oriente, Cuba, X, 3, 1913, (F. E. Lutz), 1 juv. 9, [Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist.].
Baracoa, Oriente, Cuba, (A. Busck), 1 9 , [V- S. N. M.], (macr.).
San Domingo, (M. A. Frazer), 1 9 , [M. C. Z.].
Montego Bay, Jamaica, HI, 6, 1911, 1 cf , [A. M. N. H.]; X, 29, to XI, 3,
1913, (Hebard; scant grasses on hillside near forest), 5 d', 1 juv. cf, [Hebard
Cln.].
Kingston, Jamaica, X, 23, 1913, (Hebard; grassy pasture), 1 d", 1 9,
[Hebard Cln.].
Stony Hill, Jamaica, X, 25, 1913, (Hebard; grasses in oi)ening of forested
hills), 19,2 juv. 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Hope Gardens, Jamaica, X, 23, 1913, (Hebard; grassy pasture), 3 d", 1 9,
[Hebard Cln.].
Conocephalus Modes ^" new species (PI. XXI, tig. 6; XXII, 5 and 23;
XXIII, 12 and 13; XXIV, 5.)
This insect with C. graciUinms and C. insularis forms a group
(E) of the subgenus Xiphidion agreeing in the slender form,
broad convex callosity of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, elon-
gate male tegminal tympanum and distinctive color pattern. The
present species resembles insularis somewhat the more nearly,
agreeing with that species in the form of the vertex, but having
the ventro-cephalic angle of the lateral lobes of the pronotum
less pronounced (as in graciUimus). The coloration of iriodes is
normally much more intense than in either of the above species,
the tympanum of the male tegmina even more elongate, while the
male cerci are very different, showing a distinct resemblance to
the similar but more decidedly specialized type found in the
otherwise different and distinctive C. angusiijrons.
Tijpe: &; Kaiteur, British Guiana. July 31, 1911. (F. E.
Lutz.) [American Museum of Natural History.]
Description of Type. — Size medium, form slender, coloration distinctive.
Head with dorsum of vertex, when seen from lateral aspect, weakly but distinctly
ascending above the plane of the occiput (much as in insularis). Fastigium
of vertex approximately two-thirds the width of basal antennal joint, narrow-
ing with a distinct concavity to facial suture, when seen from front api)rox-
imately twice as deep as wide. Eyes moderately large, not imusually pro-
truding. Lat(>ral lobes of jjronolum vertical, cephalic margin broadly convex
to the ventro-caudal angle which is very sharjjly rounded, caudal margin weakly
convex to the broad and shallow hunicral sinus, convex callositj^ very broad.
Tegmina elongate and slender, narrowing dcH-idedly to sharply nninded ai)ex,
6' From ipico577s = like the rainbow, in allusion to the strikingly beautiful
iridescence of the wings and transparent ])ortions of the male teguiin.al lympa-
num.
REHN AND HEBARD
259
t>Tnpanum very elongate (deoidcdly more longitudinal than in (jracillvnus or
insularis), veins and veiiilets of tegmina decided; wings more than usually
narrow. Cerci heavy and not very elongate (decidedly shorter than in insu-
laris, a little longer than in C.fasciatus), w'ith mesal portion not contrastingly
swollen, armed with a heavy mesal (vertical) tooth, which is flat and broad at
the base, situated intern:)-mesad and directed slightly cephalad of peri)eudicular
to shaft, distal third of ccrcus showing a distinct but weak outward cm-vature
with broadly rounded apex briefly but decidedly depressed. Subgenital plate
with distal margin weakly but distinctly convex between the short disto-lateral
.styles. Cephalic and median limbs as in insularis, caudal limbs similar to
those of that species (swollen proximal portion narrowing more abrui)tly and
decidedly than in gracillimus), with genicular lobes bispinose but with ventral
margins unarmed. Caudal tibiae with the three pairs of distal sjnirs small, the
dorsal pairs and interno-ventral sj^urs being only slightly heavier than the
larger tibial spines.
Allotype: 9 ; data same as type but taken August 7, 1911.
Description of Allotype. — Very similar to lype with little difference in size.
Tegmina similar with exception of sexual ditTerences. Ovipositor very similar
to that of insularis, short, very slender, virtually straight but with distal
third ha\-ing a very weak upward curvature. Subgenital plate flat, with
lateral margins turned upward roundly but sharph' and embracing the base
of the ovipositor, brief distal margin of flat surface transverse.
Mrasurtntcnts (in niillinu'ters)
Kaiteur, British Guiana.
Type 1.5.2 3 l().l
Kaiteur, British ( Juiana,
Paratypes 14-1 L 7 3 . 1-3 .3 1.5 . 2-l() . 4 12
Rockstone, British
Guiana 13.7 3.2 Iti
9
Ciudad Bolivar, \'ene-
zuela 14. .5 3.3 19.3
Maripa, Rio Caura,
Venezuela 14 3.2 17.2
Kaiteur. Brit ish Guiana,
Allotype 13 3.3 1C..3
Ireng River near lioi-
aima, Brazil 13.2 3 1(1.2
Bonito, Pernambuco,
Brazil 14. (S 3 IS. 7
TK.\XS. .^M. ENT. SOC, XLI.
M 3
tc j;
12 . 1
1.8
.4-13.2
1 (i-1 . 7
12. i)
1.7
Length of
ovipositor
14
7.9
13.2
7.()
12.7
7.4
12. S
7 3
13.4
7.S
260 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Coloration. — cf. Head and pronotum burnt lake, with the
exception of the occiput and dorsum of the pronotum, which
have the medio-longitudinal stripe very deep burnt lake and the
remaining portions buff yellow. Eyes prussian brown varying
to cinnamon in different individuals. Tegmina infuscated, with
veins shamrock green, hyaline areas of tympanum iridescent;
wings with hyaline portion iridescent and with costal margin and
brief distal exposed (when at rest) portion rather strongly infus-
cated. Abdomen buff yellow considerably infuscated, with
broad median and lateral stripes of burnt lake, ccrci burnt lake.
Limbs tawny, washed with burnt lake.
o . Head, lateral lobes of pronotum (below a very narrow
postocular stripe of burnt lake) and femora shamrock green
somewhat infuscated. The buff yellow lateral margins of the
burnt lake medio-longitudinal stripe of the occiput and dorsum
of the pronotum are decidedly broader than in the male, on the
pronotum extending over the dorsal portions of the lateral lobes.
Tegmina, including veins, infuscated; wings as in the male.
Abdomen colored much as in that sex. Ti])iae and ovipositor
hazel, weakly suffused with greenish.
The Venezuelan females are the palest examples before us and
lack dark markings on the lateral lobes of the pronotum,
while the dark abdominal stripes are greath^ reduced in breadth.
Specimens Examined: 9; 4 males and 5 females.
Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela, IX, 1909, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 9 , [A. X.S.P.l.
Maripa, Rio Caura, Venezurla, X, 1909, (M. A. Carriker Jr.), 1 cf, [A. X.
S. P.].
Ireng River near Roraima, Brazil, VIII, 9, 1911, (Crampton), 1 9 . pnralype,
[Hebard Cln.l.
Kaitem-, British Guiana, VII, ol to Vlll. 7. 1911 (F. E. Lutz), 3 d", 1 9,
type, allotype, paratypes, [A. !\I. X. H.l.
Rockstone, British Guiana, \'il, S, 1911, (Cramjitoii and Lutz). 1 o"', para-
type, [A. M. X. H.].
Bonito, Province of Pernait.bueo, Brazil, MI, 1S,S3. (A. Koebele), 1 9,
[U. S. X. M.], (dr. alch.).
Conocephalus angustifrons (Redtenbacher) (PI. XXII, figs. 6 and 15;
XXIII, 14 and If); XXI\', (i.)
1S91. Xiphidium angustifrons Redtenbacher, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien,
xli, p. 524. [Santa Fe de Bogota and Tolima, Colombia.] .
The present insect bears a close general rc^scMublance to the
brachypterous condition of ('. sdlhilor, but may l)e readily scp-
REHN AND HEBARD 261
arated by the very different fastigiuin of Iho vertex, coloration
(which in hfe is probably very distinctive and in dried specimens
before us is still striking in the male sex and in a few of the fe-
males), larger and more bulging eyes and male cerci which are
very different from any other South American species, being of
the type found in C. brevipennis, but differing from that species
in proportions, contour of apical portion and external instead of
mesal position of apex.
The ventro-cephalic margins of the cephalic and median tibiae
are also distinctive in having, in ever}'' specimen before us, from
one to the four of these margins armed with seven instead of the
normal six spines ^^- this is never found in saltator in the regions
where the distribution of the two species is coextensive,''^ in
which regions the ovipositor of the present species also averages
distinctly shorter.
The species agrees in width of vertex with C. versicolor but is
otherwise very different. Giglio-Tos considered his A", fcstae^'^
( = versicolor) more nearly related to the present species than we
find is the case after study of all the American species.
Size medium, form veiy robust, coloration unusual. Fastigium
of vertex narrow and strongly ascending above plane of occiput
but not unusually produced, greatest width slightly less than
one-half that of proximal antennal joint, two and one-half times
as deep as wide, narrowing very slightly to facial suture. Eyes
large and protruding. Lateral loljes of pronotum of moderate
width, cephalic margin straight to the broadly rounded ventro-
cephalic angle, then straight to the narrowly rounded ventro-cau-
dal angle, caudal margin weakly concave and often subsinuate,
humeral sinus exceedingly weak or wholly absent, convex cal-
losity exceedingly narrow but distinct. Tegmina normally
^^ The careful work of Gip;lio-ToH is shown by his remarks on tliis less not ice-
able differentiation, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. eoinp. I'niv. Torino, xi, no. 2'A'2,
p. 29, (1896); a character which had been wholly overlooked by Redtenbacher.
" Fou'r depauperate brachypterons individuals of C- mltalor from Dominica
and Trinidad a^ree in this respect, and represent the only specimens of the
subgeiuis Xiphidion which possess a supplementary seventh spine, excei)tins
material of C. aiujusiijrons; moreover such depauperate females from those
islaruls have the o\-ipositor length quite as short as in the present siiecies.
«o Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. Univ. Torino, xiii, no. 311, p. 93, (1S98).
TR.WS. .\M. EXT. SOC, XLI.
262 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
abbreviate, lanceolate, with apex sharply rounded. ^^ Male teg-
minal tympanum unusually small, short and broad, with veins
prominent. Cerci short, proximal two-thirds heavy with mesal
(vertical and longitudinal) internal tooth heavy at base, directed
mesad and perpendicular to the shaft of the cercus, distal
third of cercus directed strongly outward with broadly rounded
apex external instead of mesal in position, this third decidedly
flattened and slanting toward the internal margin with the
flattened portion merging with the proximal swollen portion
gradually, much more evenly than in brevipennis. Subgenital
plate with distal margin truncate between the very short disto-
lateral styles, which are set in slightly but appreciably raised
sockets. Cephalic and median tibiae with from one to all of the
ventral margins bearing seven, instead of the normal six, spines.
Caudal femora heavy and elongate, bearing on their ventro-
external margins spines which are heavier than is usual. Ovi-
positor short, very weakly curved and virtually straight.
Measurements {in millimeters)
3
C O 3 O jj O]^ O
.c. J30 J3JJ jajs jz%
MT3 Mo MS, Ms Mfc
ao au aj? sS coJ
_7i 0.J2 oa dS <Uc aj"
cr iJ ^ >j\ hj^
Juan Vinas, Costa
Rica 13-14 3.3-3.6 8.2-9.4 12.7-12.8 1.6-1.7
Rio Grande, Costa
Rica 13-14 3.3-3.6 8.2-8.6 12.3-12.4 1.7-1.8
San Jose, Costa Rica . 12.7 3.4 8.8 13 1.8
9
Length of
ovipositor
Juan Vinas,Costa Rica 12 3.3 7.1 13.3 S.9
Rio Grande, Costa
Rica 15 3.7 8.6 13.7 9.3
Carillo, Costa Rica. . 16 3.9 8.7 14.6 10
Carillo, Costa Rica . . 1.5 3.6 15.9 14.8 9.6
San Jose, Costa Rica . 11.5 3.3 7 12.4 8.6
Cincinnati, Colombia 12.8-14.2 3.3-3.4 6.5-6.9 12-13.1 8-9.6
La Combre, Colombia 15 3.4 7.6 13.7 8.6
«' The single macropterous specimen of the species known, has the tcgmina
moderately broad, as in the nuu-ropterous condition of C. saltator, with apex
not quite as narrowly roundeil as in the bracliypterous condition.
REHN AND HEBARD 263
Color Notes. — Males. Head, pronotuiii, thorax, togmina and
base of abdomen forest green; the niedio-dorsal stripe of head
and pronotum brownish oUve and weakly defined with no trace
of pale lateral coloration. Eyes dark brown. All femora tawny,
genicular areas of caudal femora deep bay, tibiae tawny strongly
washed with green. All of abdomen excepting basal portion
mahogany red, cerci of the same color. In the females the
coloration is less intense, the abdomen Ijeing decidedly less vivid.^-
The perfect material before us shows the following armament
of the ventro-cephalic margins of the cephalic and median tibiae:
Number of spines, 6-6 6-7 7-7 7-8
Specimens with cephalic tibiae so armed, 0 4 12 1
Specimens with median tibiae so armed, 6 8 3 0
Two specimens of this series have one of the ventro-caudal
margins of the cephalic tibiae armed with but five spines, while
one individual has the ventro-caudal margin of one of the median
tibiae armed with seven spines.
The genicular lobes of the caudal femora are normally bispinose,
a single specimen in the series before us has one of these lobes
unispinose. The ventro-external margins of the caudal femora
are armed in the seventeen perfect specimens before us as follows:
Number of spines, 1-2 2-3 2-4 3-3 3-4 3-5
Number of specimens, 12 15 4 1
Number of spines, 4-4 4-5 4-7
Number of specimens. 111
The present species is known from Punta di Sabana and Colon,
Panama, in addition to the original localities and those given
below. It appears to be generally distributed at somewhat
higher elevations than salfafor. The coloration suggests to us
the possibility of the insect being an inhabitant of the luxuriant
vegetation in and about the forests rather than the grasslands.
Specimens Examined: 19; 6 males, 11 females and 2 immature males.
San Jose, Costa Rica, 1160 meters elevation. (P. BioUey), 1 9 ; 1 cf, [all
Hebard Cln.].
Carillo, Costa Rica, VIII, to IX, 19(«, (C. F. X'nderwood), 2 9, [Hebard
Cln.], (1 macr.).
"The females before us from South America are much discolored; such
poorly preserved material is foimd to lose almost all traces of distinctive color-
ation.
TRAXS AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
264 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
Rio Grande, Costa Rica, III, 6, 1902, (M. Gary), 2 o^, 1 9,1 juv. d",
[Hebard Gin.].
Juan Vinas, Gosta Rica, III, 12, 1902, (L. Bruner), 3 d', 1 9 , [Hebard Gin.];
VI, 28, 1909, (P. P. Calvert), 1 9 , [A N. S. P.].
Zent, Gosta Rica, IX, 26, (F. Knab), 19,1 juv. d', [U. S. N. AI.].
Cincinnati near Santa Marta, Colombia, VII, 9 to 10, 1913, 4000 to 5000 ft.,
(M. A. Carriker Jr.), 3 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
La Gombre, Cordillera Occidentale near Call, Colombia, V, 19, 1914, (H. S.
Parish), 1 9, [A. X. 8. P.].
Conocephalus unicolor (Bruner) (PI. XXI, fig. 3.)
1915. Conocephalus imicolar Bruner, Ann. Garneg. Mas., ix, p. 374. (June.)
[Gorumbd, Brazil.] [Macropterou.s.]
1915. Co7iocephalus recticaudus Bruner, Ann. Garneg. Mus., ix, p. 374.
(June.) (In part?) [Gorumba, Brazil.] [Brachypterous.]
This species, with C. resacensis,^^ forms group E of the sub-
genus Xiphidion, these species showing a distinct tendency toward
the general form of the male cerci found in groups G, H and I.
The present insect has this tendency somewhat the more pro-
nounced, as may be observed by reference to the descriptions.
In general appearance the specimens before us resemble large
macropterous individuals of C. cinereus, but the somewhat nar-
rower vertex, longer limbs, larger male tegminal tympanum,
more ample lateral lobes of the pronotum, heavily armed ventro-
external margins of caudal femora, distinctive male cerci and
different ovipositor show how chstinct the two species really are.
Description of d^. — Size large, form graceful but with limbs and wings
large and decidedly elongate. Head with dorsum of vertex, when seen from
lateral aspect, not strongly but distinctly ascending above the plane of the
occiput (much as in cinereus), fastigium of vertex slightly less than two-thirds
the width of proximal antennal joint, nearly two and one-half times as deep as
wide and narrowing with a very weak concavity to facial suture. Eyes mod-
erately large and not unusually protruding. Lateral lobes of pronotum with
cephalic margin straight to the very broadly rounded ventro-cephalic angle,
then straight to the sharply rounded ventro-caudal angle (which is distinctly less
than a right angle), caudal margin weakly convex to the broad and very shallow
humeral sinus, convex callosity distinct and moderately broad. Tegmina
elongate, slender, narrowing gradually to sharply rounded apex, veins and
veinlets very delicate, tympanum large and distinctly longitudinal with veins
pronounced, stridulating vein short with only proximal half decidedly swollen.
Cerci elongate with i)roximal i)ortion stout, mesal port ion elongate anil decid-
edly but evenly enlarged, at base (vertical and longitudinal) of mesal tiiird is
situated a large flattened internal horizontal looth directed a little ccijlialad
fi3 Described in, Trans. Am. Knt. Soc., xli, p. 188, (1915).
REHN AND HEBARD 265
with immediate apex sharp and decurved, distal portion of cercus elongate,
horizontally strongly depressed, lateral margins converging evenly and decid-
edly to sharply rounded apex. Subgenital plate with distal margin weakly
convex between the short disto-lateral styles. Cephalic and median limbs
well developed but with spination not unusually heavy. Caudal femora
elongate with proximal portion decidedly swollen, ventro-external margins
armed with a number of very small stout spines, genicular lobes strongly
bispinose, genicular areas very weakly infuscated.
Descripiion of 9 . — Very similar to type, size slightly larger. Tegmina
similar to d' except for sex differences. Ovipositor ''^ elongate, nearly straight
but with a perceptible downward curvature. ''= Subgenital plate flat with
lateral margins turned upward roundly and embracing the base of the ovi-
positor, very brief distal margin of flat surface transverse.
Measurements {in inilliineters)
u
3
"3 0= c- o]^ o :rt
Corumba, Brazil -3"" -5" -" -2' -: -^''
cj^ 10.1 :i.<,) 17 15.7 2.:>
9 17.4 3.'t IS. 9 17.1 .... 16.4
9 17.1 :^7 IS. 4 15.3 14.7
The other female before us has the lateral lobes of the pro-
notuni distinctly shallower with the ventral margin distinctly
less obliciue, the specimen is however unciuestionably conspecific.
The coloration of the species is not unusual, the general color
being pale green (much faded in these specimens) with the medio-
longitudinal stripe of head and pronotum subobsolete.'^'' In the
male sex the distal portion of the abdomen, including the cerci,
is pale yellow brown; this is weakly indicated in the females.
The genicular areas of the caudal femora are very briefly and
weakly infuscated.
" In both females before us the dorsal valves of the ovipositor surpass the
ventral valves by .7 mm. This is unusual in the genus but is probably of little
value as a specific character.
^^ In the other topotypic female before us, the downward curvature of the
ovipositor, though still suggested, is even less pronounced.
•"^ In but one of the three decidedly faded specimens before us this stripe is
indicated on the dorsum of the vertex, with margins alone defined by weak
l)arallel lines on th(> pronotum.
TRAXS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
266 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
In the three specimens before us the armament of the ventro-
external margins of the caudal femora is 4-4, 4-5 and 5-6 spines.
The species is an inhabitant of the lowlands (probably marshes)
of the upper Paraguay.
Specimens Examined: 3; 1 male and 2 females.
Corumba, Brazil, III, (H. H. Smith), 1 d^, 2 9 , topotypes, [U. S. N. M. and
A. N. S. P.].
Conocephalus equatorialis (Giglio-Tos) (PI. XXIII, figs. 16 and 17.)
1898. X[iphidium] equaloriale Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp.
Univ. Torino, xiii, no. 311, p. 92. [Gualaqiiiza and San Jose, Ecuador.]
The present species finds nearest relationship in C. saltator,
differing from macropterous examples of that species in the
narrower vertex, darker coloration of the discoidal and anal fields
of the tegmina and adjacent portions of the wings when at rest,
more iridescent hyaline area of the wings, green or greenish cerci
of similar general form but distinctly less specialized, and ovi-
positor which is normally shorter than in typical saltator. Fur-
thermore the present insect is the only American species known
to us which always has the ventro-internal margins of the caudal
femora armed. In the examination of several thousand examples
of other American species of the genus, but seven specimens, two
C. fasciatus fasciatus, one C. spinosus, one C. saltator and three
C. attenuatus, have been found by us bearing a single spine on
one of the ventro-internal margins of the caudal femora.
Size medium to small," form moderately slender. Fastigium
of vertex narrow, greatest width slightly less than to slightly more
than one-half^ that of proximal antennal joint, two and one-half
to two and three-fourths times as deep as broad, narrowing with
scarcely any concavity to facial suture. Eyes moderately large,
but slightly protruding. Cephalic margin of lateral lobes broadly
convex to the ventro-caudal angle, with the ventro-cephalic angle
very weakly indicated, ventro-caudal angle sharply rounded (dis-
tinctly less than a right angle), caudal margin nearly straight (very
weakly convex) to the distinct but shallow humeral sinus, convex
^7 The typical series from Ecuador, of which a pair are in tlie Academy,
averages decidedly smaller than the material here recorded and the tegmina
of many specimens of that series are semi-macro pterous.
"8 Material having this greatest width of vertex is from British Guiana, this
does not appear to be the normal condition for the species.
REHX AND HEBARD 267
callosity moderately broad.'''-* Tegmina elongate, slender, nar-
rowing evenly to the rather sharply- rounded apex, male tympa-
num much as in saltcttor. The species is apparently normally
macropterous, only occasional specimens being semi-macropterous
over the greater portion of its range, but the type series demon-
strates that in Ecuador a semi-macropterous condition is often
found. Male cerci similar to those of saltator but not as elon-
gate, the enlarged portion very slightly overhangs the base of
the tooth and the margins of the distal portion are slightly con-
vergent, thus making the apex rather sharply roun(l(>d. Sub-
genital plate with distal margin weakly convex between the rather
long disto-lateral styles. Caudal femora much as in saltator,
but with both ventro-external and ventro-internal margins
armed; genicular lobes normally bispinose; genicular areas
apically darkened; the ventro-external margins are armed in the
thirty-one perfect specimens before us as follows:
Number of spines, 12 2-3 2-4 3-3 3-4 4-4
Number of specimens, 1 12 19 7
Number of spines, 4-5 4-6 5-3 5-5 5-6
Number of specimens, 6 1111
The ventro-internal margins of the caudal femora are also
armed, as follows:
Number of spines, 0-1 0-2 1-1 1-2 1-3 2-2
Number of specimens, 9 1 7 111 2
The ovipositor is short, slender and usually almost straight.
Meatiwremetttti {in niilUnieters)
■£>. -52 5| -54 -3
M— Mj Mjj M- aft;
^ Ji J^ Si c-2 p
Rio Mato, Vene-
zuela 1:3. 2-14 3.3-3.5 13.9-19.6 13 3-U 1 S-1 9
Bartica, British Ciui-
ana 12.6-15.5 3-3.4 13.9-17.1 12.8-13 9 lS-1.9
"3 In the original description, Giglio-Tos states that the convex callosity is
narrow; it is narrow, but when (-ompared ^"ith the other American species we
can but describe it as we have done above. The shades of meaning for such
characters are very difficult to express and uniformity is difficult to maintain
even in one and the same paper.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
268 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
° °l '°s °^ J,^
:S>. :== SB 5-3 5 3
g"© -i- Ctu C<S CO
O" ^ _; -J -^ -
Contamano, Peru . . 13.5 3.4 19.2 13.9 1.9
Gualaquiza, Ecuador,
imrahji>e 11 2.9 12.2 .... 1.7
Length of
$ ovipositor
Rio Mato, Vene-
zuela U 3.3 18.7 14 7.4
Bartica,British Gui-
ana 13-14.5 3.3-3.7 18.7-19 13.4-14.2 7.2-8'°
Contamano, Peru. . 13.8-14.2 3.3-3.4 19-19.5 13.9-14.7 7.7-7.9
Gualaquiza, Ecuador,
pamiupe. 12 3 13.3 12.4 7.2 'i
A female before us from Perene, Peru, has the ovipositor length
8.3 mm.
We have thought it best to give the measurements of the two
paratypes before us from Ecuador, for although inseparable
from the other specimens here recorded, they, and as is shown by
Giglio-Tos in his description, the entire series from Ecuador, are
decidedly smaller with shorter tegmina. This variation may,
however, be due rather to local environmental conditions than
to purely geographic influences.
The type series is dried alcoholic, fresh material before us shows
the following coloration. Male: Head and pronotum (except-
ing the very dark medio-dorsal brownish black stripe), thorax,
exposed portions of the five proximal dorsal alxlominal segments,
entire ventral surface of abdomen, cerci, sul:)genital plate, cephalic
and median limbs and bases of caudal femora, lettuce green.
Proximal (concealed) portion of dorsum of abdomen dark brown
mesad, bordered laterad with yellowish, distal four dorsal seg-
ments of abdomen and adjacent portions of caudal femora ochra-
ceous orange fading gradually into the green portions. Tegmina
'° A single female in this series has the ovipositor unusually long, 9.9 mm. in
length.
"Giglio-Tos gives 7.5-8 nun. as tlie extremes of ovipositor length in the
type series. Our measurement is taken, as elsewhere in the ]:)resen1 jjaper,
from the base of the basal plica to the ai)e\ of the ovipositor; his, doubtless
from the juncture of subgenital plate and ovipositor to apex of the latter,
thus adding on an average about .4 mm. to the ovipositor length when com-
pared with our methoil of measuring the same.
REHN AND HEBARD 269
and adjacent portions of wings when at rest very dark and sug-
gesting a suffused continuation of the medio-dorsal stripe, hya-
line portion of wings iridescent and wing veins burnt hike (in
this respect suggesting the otherwise distinctive ('. iriodes).
Genicular areas of caudal femora apically darkened. A darker
phase of the species also occurs in which the green color is sup-
planted by yellowish brown. The female resembles the male in
coloration excepting that the abdominal colors are much paler
and more indistinct.
The localities given below and those of the type series define
the known distribution of the species.
In addition to a paratypic pair from Gualaquiza, Ecuador, \vc havo had \h'-
fore us the following series of 38 specimens; 15 males and 23 females.
Rio Mato, Venezuela, X to XI, 1909, (M. A. Carriker Jr.), 3 o", 1 9,
lA. S. N. P.], (1 d" semi-macr.).
Bartica, British Guiana, XI, 30, 1912 to III, 6, 1913, (H. S. Parish), 10 d",
16 9, [A. N. S. P.], (2 d" semi-macr.).
Rockstone, British Guiana, VII, 9, 1911, (Crampton and Lutz), 1 9 , [A. M.
N.H.].
Paramaribo. Dutch Guiana, (K. Mayo), 1 o', 2 9, [A. X.S. P.], (1 o^ 1 9
semi-macr.).
Perene, Peru, 1 9 , [A. X. S. P.].
Contamano, Rio Ucayali, Peru, X to XII, 1912, 1 c^, 2 9, [A. X. S. P.],
{dr. alch.).
Conocephaius saltator (Saussure) (PI. XXII, fig. 16; XXIIl, 18, 19, 20'
21, 22 and 23. i
1859. Xiiphi'lium] saltator Saussure, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 2e ser. xi, p. 208.
[Guiana.] [Macropterous 9 •]
1875. Xiphulium meridionale Scudder, Proc. B<;)st. Soc. Xat. Hist., xvii,
p. 460. [Brazil.] [Brachypterous 9 .]
1901. Xiphi'lvnn propinquum Redtenbacher, Vorh. k.-k. zool.-bot. Gesell.
Wien, xli, p. 522. [Guatemala; Merida, Venezuela; St. Vincent, Lesser
Antilles.] [Brachypterous series.]
1901. Xiphrliiim hrachypterum Redtenbacher, \'crh. k.-k. yahA. -hoi. Gesell.
Wien, xli, p. 523. [Venezuela; Colombia; Brazil; Peru.] [Brachypterous
series.]
The description of saltator is very brief, but, although we iiave
been unable to examine the type, \\c are convinced that it con-
stitutes the basis of the present species. The present insect is
the dominant species in the Guianas, tlie only other form found
there to which could apply Saussure's very bric^f description being
macropterous C. cinereus, which speci(>s we have from ("ayeime,
TR.\NS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
270 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
French Guiana, labelled fasciatus bj^ Saussure. Scudder's type
of meridionalis, now before us, is a female showing the extreme
of the braehypterous condition and having a decidedly longer
and weakly (though more noticeably) curved ovipositor than
normal; this specimen he quite naturally believed to be an unde-
scribed species. It remained for Redtenbacher, however, to
throw the nomenclature surrounding this, the dominant and most
plastic species in tropical America, into hopeless confusion. In
1891 that author, in his "Monographic der Conocephaliden,"
sorted out all macropterous examples of the present species,
recording them as X. Jasciatum and probably as A', saltator in
company with other macropterous examples of fasciatus, cinereus
and probably other species; he then, having divided the braehyp-
terous material into two series, erected the synonyms propincpium
and hrachypterum, suggesting the affinity of iiemorale (for which
he erected the synonym X. curtipenne on the previous page) and
gossijpii (Scudder's synonym of C. hrevipennis) to propin-
qman, and Scudder's meridionale to hrachypterum — the value of
the resultant key may be imagined. Without long study of the
series which Redtenbacher had before him it will be impossible
to say to what species each individual record belongs, but the
data given above will need but little modification. Karny, in his
"Revisio Conocephalidarum," has made few changes from Red-
tenbacher's work which paper has succeeded only in bringing con-
fusion to the study of this and doubtless the other American
groups of the subfamily. The species is to be found in the lit-
erature frequently quoted as the above synonyms and also as
fasciatus J ~
This insect, whose position in the genus is between C. equato-
rialis and C. borelli in group G of the subgenus Xiphidion, is the
most abundant and widely distributed of the tropical American
species. As is often the case with such species very great varia-
tion is found, and in the present case material from various por-
tions or often from the same portion of its range exhibits diversity
in width of vertex, form of lateral lobes of the pronotum, length
and form of tegmina, production of male c(>rci (which, however,
never differentiate from the typical general contour, thus fixing
"Recorded by Giglio-'I'os, lioU. Mus. Zool. Anat. com]). I'liiv. Torino, ix,
no. ISI, ]). 40, (1894), as A'. Jaaciahuit fr,)in Sai\ I'cdro Province, Farafiuay,
and as A', hrnchiiplcritm from Asuncion and San I'chIto Province, Paraguay,
(macropterous and l)rachyi)1('rous examples prot)ably).
REHN AXD HEBARD 271
with certainty males of the species), length and degree of weak
curvature or straightness of the ovipositor, coloration of the
genicular areas of the caudal femora and armament of the ventro-
external margins of the same. Even in the armament of the
ventro-cephalic margins of the cephalic and median tibiae, three
specimens from Dominica and Trinidad have seven instead of the
normal six spines, a condition elsewhere found in the American
species only in C. angustifrons, in which form it apparently
always occurs. It would seem that several species or at least
geographic races must exist, but this is certainly not the case.
Certain variations, it is true, are found to be the usual condition
over certain regions, but these are not fixed, and the same varia-
tion can almost invariably be found in other more t^'pical series;
often two series of the most distinctive appearing variations are
from the same locality and we are inclined to believe that immedi-
ate environment has as much or more to do with the majority of
such differences as geographic influences.
The species has been compared with its nearest ally, ('. equa-
torialis, under that species.
As the species is nowhere fully described we here give the char-
acters for a typical male and female as a basis for further discus-
sion of the characters and variations of the species.
Bartica, British Guiana, I, 10, 1913, (H. S. Parish), [A. X. S. P.]. Size
medium, form moderately slender. Vertex not strongly but distinctly ascend-
ing. Fastigium of vertex moderately broad, greatest width two-thirds that of
proximal antennal joint, when seen from front about twice as deep as broad,
narrowing with a weak concavity to facial suture. Exes moderately hirge
and but shghtly protruding. Lateral lobes of pronotum with cephalic margin
broadly arcuate to the ventro-caudal angle with the ventro-cejihalic angle very
weakly indicated, ventro-caudal angle sharply rounded (distinctly less than a
right angle), caudal margin almost straight (nearly imperceptibly subsinuate),
humeral sinus subobsolete, convex callosity very narrow (often sulxibsolete).
Tegmina elongate, moderately broad, narrowing evenly to the rather sharjjly
rounded apex; male tegminal tympanum not large, weakly longitudinal,
stridulating vein not unusually elongate. Male cerci decidedly elongate,
proximal portion stout, widening strongly and briefly swollen so as to over-
hang a small ventro-internal tooth, which is situated at the proximal base of
the mesal portion and directed meso-proximad with the sharp apex strongly
decurved, from near the base of this tooth to the apex of the cercus the entire
cercus (excepting the proximo-external portion) is very greatly ilepresseil,
slanting strongly toward the internal margin, this elongate portion is not in a
line with the base of the cercus but is directed moderately ovitward so that the
TR.\N-S. .\.M. ENT. SOC, XLI.
272 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
external margin of the cercus is broadly concave, the distal produced portion
has the margins subparallel with the apex rather broadly rounded. Subgenital
plate with distal margin weakly convex between the rather short disto-lateral
styles (which are very slightly shorter than in equatorialis) . Caudal femora not
elongate for the genus, proximal portion decidedly swollen, ventro-external
margins bearing a few small spines. Ovipositor moderately long, very slender
and very weakly curved (almost straight).
Two brachypterous examples from the same locality agree in every respect
excepting in the humeral sinus, which is wholly obsolete, '» and in tegminal
and wing length.
Series from Venezuela and Panama agree almost perfectly
with those from Guiana. The brachypterous specimens demon-
strate that the degree of sharpness of the rounded apex of the
tegmina varies somewhat, as does also the degree of reduction of
the tegmina. ^^
Large series from Trinidad show numerous specimens with the
vertex very slightly narrower than normal, while the majority of
the large macropterous males and two large brachypterous males
■ have the cerci abnormally elongate, the flattened distal portion
being greatly produced and curved outward with the immediate
apex sharply rounded. This condition is due to elongation and is
decidedly variable in degree ; the extremes would suggest distinct
specific status, but in general contour no differences exist and all
intermediate conditions are present.
The smallest brachypterous individuals from Trinidad agree
well with a depauperate condition found predominant in the
Lesser Antilles. These specimens are distinctly smaller than
typical brachypterous material, the male cerci are slightly
more attenuate while the ovipositor is shorter, some individuals
showing as well the extreme condition of tegminal al)l)reviation
for the species.
A series of large macropterous and brachypterous specimens
from Philadelphia, Costa Rica, have the cerci decidedly produced
'3 Macropterism is often, if not always, accompanit d by an api)r( ciable jiro-
duction of the caudal margin of the dorsum of tlu- i)r()notinn and a rosultai.t
increase in the depth of the humeral sinus.
'* This variation, the weakly or not suffused genicular areas of the caudal
femora and th(> very weakly arcuate or almost straight ovipositor, appears to
constitute the means by which Rcnltenbacher sei)arated his series into what
he called brachyplermn and prnpittquum. Careful consideration would have
shown these characters to be mere variations and ea<'h found to various degrees
in various specimens.
REHN AND HEBARD 273
but not to the degree of the maximum from Trinidad. Other
specimens from Guatel, Costa Rica, are normal in this and other
characters.
Southward from Guiana through Brazil the insect appears
to become slightly more robust. In a series from Contanamo,
Peru, this is appreciable, while in these the brachypterous speci-
mens have the humeral sinus very weakly indicated and the
macropterous specimens have it slightly more decided. The
male cerci of these specimens are also slightly more robust.
A series from Santa Ana, Peru, taken at an elevation of three
thousand feet, are all verj' depauperate, averaging the smallest
of any series l^efore us, but otherwise normal.
The consideral)le series from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Sapu-
cay, Paraguay, shows the features found in the series from Con-
tanamo, Peru, still more pronounced, though with some individual
variation, in the Sapucay females the ovipositor shows the great-
est length found in the species excepting in the females from the
Alto Parana (Puerto Cantera), Paraguay.
The only geographic differences appear to be the slight increase
in general robustness in the southward (listril)ution in South
America and various ranges in ovipositor length, which, when we
consider the plasticity of the species, certainly do not warrant
the erection of a geographic race.
Mcdsurcmettts {in nnl'imeters) of extreiytes
O o3 O- C~ O
_r._ ^'q _;;0 ^~ _~ ">
M-j' Mc 5fii_ ^- ifii
■71 t^ ta. Si Ci; £u
Long Dittoii,
Dominica ... 11.7-14 2.9-3.3 5.8-0.3 11-11 7 2-2.2
Philadelphia,
Costa Rica... 13.5 3.2 18 9 13.6 2.3
Philadelphia,
Costa Rica... 13.2-14.8 3. 3-3.(5 0.0-7.(1 13.4-14.2 2.3-2.4
Rio Mato, Ven-
ezuela 1.5 . .5-16 .5 3.2-3.3 10.9-19.7 129 2 . 3-2 . 4
La Piedrita, Ven-
ezuela 12.5 3.4 0.3 13.7 2.3
Caparo,Trini(la<l 14.3-10.4 3-3.4 15-18 9 12-14.3 2.1-2.0
TRANS. AM. EXT. .SQC, XLI.
18
274 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
o c 3 2 a 03^ O
ja JO ;=§ jafl j;2
S-o "m§ Mg) "!'§ Mg
flo ct- re fls Co
QJ^ CC- "^fJ G>o wO
Caparo, Trinidad 14.2-15.2 3.1-3.3 6.4-6.5 11.7-13.8 2-2.6
Bartica, British
Guiana 13.3-15. 3 3 . 2-3 .7 17 . 3-18 .8 12 . 6-14 2-2 . 2
Bartica, British
Guiana 14 3.7 7.4 13.3 2.2
Para, Brazil ... . 13.3 3.1 17.3 12.7 2
Tijuca, Brazil . . 11.5-13.4 2.7-3.3 7.1-7.2 11-13.3 1.8-2.2
Chanchamayo,
Peru 15.4 3.4 20.4 13.9 2.3
Contamano, Peru 13.4-13.6 3-3.3 17.4-18.9 12.8-13.4 2-2.1
Contamano, Peru 11.8-13.4 3.1-3.6 7.3-7.9 12.7-12.8 1.9-2.2
Santa Ana, Peru,
3000 ft 10 . 8-12 . 7 3-3 .4 6 . 3-8 .6 10 . 3-12 1 . 9-2
Sapucay,Paraguay 15-165 3.6-3.7 20 13.4-14.4 2.1-2.2
Sapucay,Paraguay 12.9-15.4 3.3-3.6 7.3-8.8 12.1-13.7 2.1-2.3
Extreme range of
variation .... 10.8-16.5 2.9-3.7 5.8-8.8 10.3-14.4 2-2.6
15-20.4
-t3 . JO —'a Aj^ J d
&•§ ^e =?! S'i gf
9 ^^ ^°- ^" ^^ -2 =
Laudet, Dominica 12.8 3.2 3.3 8.4
Long Ditton,
Dominica.... 12.2-14.3 3.7-3.8 3.3-4.2 12.9 9-9.9
Philadelphia,
Costa Rica .. . 14.5-18 3.6-3.7 19.2-20.1 14.8-15.2 12.9-13
Philadelphia,
Costa Rica... 14.5 3.8 6.1 15.8 12.8
Rio Mato, Ven-
ezuela 14-16 . 5 3 . 3-3 .7 17 . 3-19 . 2 13 . 8-15 10 . 6-11 . 8
La Piedrita, Ven-
ezuela 12 . 5-13 .8 3 . 4-3 . 6 4-5 .2 13 . 1-15 10 . 4-1 1
Caparo, Trinidad 15.5-18 3.6-3.7 16.7-19 14.9-15.9 9.9-12.1
Caparo, Trinidad 15.5-16 3.7-3.8 5.1-5.2 14,2-15.3 11-11.1
Trinidad 12.7 3.4 3.7 12.8 9.7
Bartica, British
Guiana" 14.6-15.3 3.4-3.6 17.7-19.4 13.8-14 9.7-10.6
'5 This series is topotypic and, agreeing in every respect with t he brief orig-
inal description, may be considered typical.
REHN AND HEBARD
_ o
5 3
St. Jean, French
Guiana 14 3.3 18.2 14.3 12.7
Brazil. {Type of
meridionalc.) . . 13.2 3.7 5.1 13.1 12.7'«
Tijuca, Brazil .. 13.3-15 3.6-3.8 4.4-5.0 13.4-15 11.7-13.4
Perene, Peru 14 3.3 20.8 13.4 11.7
Contamano, Peru 14.8 3.5 19 13.6 11.6
Contamano, Peru 13-14 .7 3 . 6-3 .8 4 . 9-5 .2 13.7-14. 3 10 . 3-1 1 . 7
Santa Ana, Peru,
3000 ft 12.3 3.3 5.6 V2 10.6
Alto Parana, Par-
aguay 14 1 3.7 21 14.6 14.1
Puerto Canteni,
Paraguay 17.4-19.2 3.4-4 20.2-21.7 14.1-14.6 12.7-14.9
Puerto Cant era,
Paraguay 15.2 3.8 7.1 14.6 13.4
Sapucay,Paraguay 15.7-16,4 3.4-3.8 18.8-21.3 13.4-14.2 13. 3-13. S
Sapucay,Paraguay 14-16.6 3.3-3.8 4.8-5.7 13-13 8 12-13.3
Extreme range of
variation 12 . 2-19 . 2 3 2-4 3 . 3-6 .1 12-15.9 8 . 4-14 . 9
16.7-21.7
In this species the head and pronotum (excepting for a well
defined, but not very dark, brown medio-longitudinal stripe),
limbs (excepting that the genicular areas of the caudal femora are
often somewhat, but not heavih% suffused with l^rown), thorax
and proximal exposed portion of abdomen, green; dorsum, and
in males all of distal portion of al)domen including cerci (which
are in some series uniform in color, but in others nuich suffused
with green) tawny with paler lateral stripes weakly indicated in
concealed proximal portion. Females have the dorsum of the
abdomen usually uniform tawny or ])rownish, but in some exam-
ples the paler lateral stripes appear and are occasionally con-
tinued to the base of the ovipositor.
The ventro-cephalic margins of the cephalic femora ar(> armed
with 6 and 7 spines in three spcM'imens l)efore us, and with 7 and
7 in one. Three of these are from Long Ditton, Dominica, the
"' Scudder gives the ovipositor length as 13 mm. Our measurement of this
dimension are all taken from the base of the basal plica to the ajiex of the ovi-
positor, hence the slight differvnce.
TR.\XS. .\M. EXT. SOC, XLI.
0-0
0-1
0-2
0-3
0-4
1-1
1-2
5
11
9
1
1
15
20
1-3
1-4
1-5
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
10
6
1
19
23
12
1
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
4-4
4-5
5-5
13
26
5
1
7
6
2
276 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
other from Port of Spain, Trinidad, which specimen has the ven-
tro-cephahc margins of the median femora armed with 7 and 7
spines. In these specimens the extra (proximal) seventh spine
is decidedly smaller than any of the others and abnormal in ap.
pearance; in C. a7igustifrons this spine is much more like the
other six.
The ventro-external margins of the caudal femora are armed
in the one hundred and ninetj'-four perfect specimens before us
as follows:
Number of spines,
Number of specimens.
Number of spines,
Number of specimens,
Number of spines.
Number of specimens,
Of the five specimens with these margins unarmed, four are
.from Trinidad and one from Venezuela. The Paraguayan series
average nearer the maximum number than do the others and one
specimen bears a single spine on one of the ventro-internal mar-
gins as well; otherwise every series exhibits about the same
amount of variability.
The genicular lo])es of the caudal femora are normally bispinose,
in the series before us one of these lobes is unispinose in thirteen
specimens, two are so in one specimen, while all are in this con-
dition in one.
Specimens Examined: 276; 114 males, 1.51 females, 4 immature males and 7
immature females.
Montserrat, West Indies, III, 1, 1S94, (H. G. Hubbard), 1 o^ [U. S. N. M.],
(brach.).
Pointe a Pitre, Guadeloupe, West Indies. VI. 6, 1911, (Crampton and Lutz),
2 d^, 1 9. [A. M.N. H.], (brach.).
Roseau, Dominica, West Indies, VI, S, 1911, (Crampton and Lutz), 1 d',
[A. M. N. H.], (brach.).
Laudet, Dominica, West Indies, VI, 12, 1911. (Crampton and Lutz), 1 cf ,
1 9, [A. M. N. H.], (brach.).
Long Ditton, Dominica, West Indies, VI, 20. 1911, (Crampton and Lutz),
7 cf,4 9. [A. M. N. H.], (brach.).
Martinique, West Indies, VII, 26, 190.5, (A. Ikisck), 1 9, [V. S. X. M.],
(brach.).
Saint Lucia, West Indies, XI, 25, 1912, (H. 8. Parish), 1 9, [A. X. 8. P.],
Macr.).
San Mateo, Costa Rica, I, 1903, 250 meters elevation, (P. BioUey), 1 9,
Hcbard Chi.], (macr.).
REHN AND HEBARD 277
Rio Grande, Costa Rica, III, G, 1912, (M. Gary), 1 Q, [Hebard Gin.],
(brach.).
Pozo Azul, Gosta Rica, 1 9 , [Hcbard Gin.], (macr.)
Juan Viiias, Gosta Rica, XI, 1906, (Wni. .Schaus), 1 9, [r. S. X. M.j,
(brach.).
Siquirres, Gosta Rica, VII, 3, 1903, (M. A. Garrikcr Jr.), 2 9, [Hcbard Gin.],
(1 brach.).
Guatel, Gosta Rica, IV, 20 to 22, 1902, (G. F. Underwood), 1 cf , 2 9, [He-
bard Gin.], (brach.).
Philadelphia Banana Ranch, Gosta Rica, (F. Knab), 5 d", 4 9 , [U. S. X. M.],
(3 cf, 1 9 brach.).
Ancon, Ganal Zone, Panama, XI, 12 and l(i, 1913, (Hebard; lush grasses on
hillside). 3 cf , 3 9, [Hebard Gin.], (brach.).
Old Panama, Panama, XI, 13. 1913, (Hebard; grasses near jungle), 3 d', 3
9, [Hebard Ghi.], (brach.).
Zone limit three miles west of Empire, Panama, XI, 14, 1913, (Hebard;
grasses near jungle), 2 c?, [Hebard Gin.], (brach.).
Gulebra, Ganal Zone, Panama, (H. H. Rousseau), 1 9 , [U. S. X. M.], (macr.;
dr. alch.).
Buenaventura, Golombia, V, 7 and S, 1914, (H. S. Parish), 2 9 , [A. X. S. P.],
(brach.).
Gali, Golombia, V, 2(5, 1914, (H. S. Parish), 1 9, [A. X. S. P.], (brach.).
San Esteban, Venezuela, X to XI, 1910, (M. A. Garriker .Jr.), 2 d", 2 9,1
juv. o^, [A. X. S. P.].
La Guira, Venezuela, (Robinson), 1 9, [M. G. Z.], (macr.).
Rio Mato, Venezuela, X and XI, 1909, (M. A. Garriker .Jr.), 3 d", 0 9,
[A. X. S. P.], (macr.).
Las Quiguas, Venezuela, IX, 1910, (M. A. Garriker Jr.), 2 d", 2 9,2 juv.
9, [A. X. S. P.], (adults brach.).
Gariaquito, Venezuela, I, 18 to 22, 1911, (8. Brown), 1 d^, 4 9,1 juv. cd,
[A. X. S. P.], (adults brach.).
La Piedrita, Venezuela, II, 16, 1911, (.S. Brown), 2 o^, 5 9, [A. X. .S. P.],
(brach.).
Buelta Tri.ste, Venezuela, II, 20, 1911, (S. Brown), 1 9, [A. X. S. P.],
(brach.).
Port of Spain, Trinidad, VI, 19 to 20, 190.3, (A. Busck), 5 d', 2 9,
[U.S.X. M.], (2 d" macr.).
Gaparo, Trinidad, VIII, 1913, (S. M. Klages). 15 o^ 28 9, [Hel)anl Gin.],
(2 d^, .5 9 brach.).
Heights of Aripo, Trinidad, VIII, 20 to IX. 21, 1909, (M. A. Garriker Jr.),
4 d', 7 9,2 juv. d, 1 juv. 9 , [A. X. S. P.], (1 o", 2 9 macr.).
Garenage, Trinidad, VIII, 1909, (M. A. Garriker Jr.), 2 d", 1 9 , [A. X. S. P.],
(9 macr.).
Bartica, British Guiana, XII, 3, 1912, to III, 28. 1913, (H. S. Parish), 11 d,
21 9 ]A. X. S. P.], (1 d, brach.); V, 8, 1901, (R. J. Grew, 1 9, [A. X. S. P.],
(macr.).
TRAX.S. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
278 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Georgetown, British Guiana, VII, 2, 1911, (Crampton and Lutz), 1 cf,
[A. M. N. H.], (macr.).
Rockstone, British Guiana, VII, S and 9, 1911, (Crampton and Lutz), 1 d",
1 9, [A. M. N. H.], (9 macr.).
Tumatumari, British Guiana, VII, 11, 1911, (Crampton and Lutz), 2 d",
[A. M.N.H.], (Imacr.).
Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana, (K. Mayo), 4 d', 5 9, [A. N. S. P.], (2 d^, 4 9
macr.).
St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana, VI, (Wm. Schaus), 1 9 , [U. S. X. M.],
(macr.).
Pard, Brazil, (C. F. Baker), 1 d^, [A. X. S. P.], (macr.).
Igarape-Assu, Para, Brazil, I, 17, 1912, (H. 8. Parish), 1 d", [A. S. X. P.],
(macr.).
Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, IV, 9 to 11, 1913, (M. Burr), 8 d', 5 9,1
juv. 9 , [A. N. S. P. and Oxford Univ. Mus.].
Perene, Peru, III, 1900, 1 9, [A. X. S. P.], (macr.).
Chanchamayo, Peru, 1 d", [A. X. S. P.], (macr.).
Santa Ana, Eastern Peru, 3000 ft., (Yale Peruvian Exp. 1911), 5 d', 1 9,
1 juv. 9 , [U. S. N. M.], (adults brach., dr. alch.).
Contamano, Rio Ucayali, Peru, X to XII, 1912, 10 d', 3 9,1 juv. 9,
[A. N. S. P.], (3 d^, 1 9 macr., dr. alch.).
Alto Parand, Paraguay, III, 1914, 1 9 , [A. X. S. P.], (macr.).
Puerto Cantera, Alto Parana, Paraguay, XII, 9, 1913, (C. Schrottky), 3 9 ,
[A. X. S. P.], (2 macr.)."
Sapucay, Paraguay, I, 5-III, 21, 1900 to 1905, (W. T. Foster), 7 c?, 19 9,
1 juv. 9 , [U. S. X. M. and Hebard Cln.], (3 d', 9 9 macr.).
Conocephalus borelli (Giglio-Tos) (PI. XXII, figs. 21 and 24.)
1897. X[iphi(liu)»] borellii Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. LTniv.
Torino, xii, no. 302, p. 41. [San Lorenzo and Caiza, Bolivia.]
The present insect is represented in the material before us by
but two females, which agree with the original description but
are slightly larger than the maximum measurements.
These specimens show, as Giglio-Tos states, that the species is
very near C. saltator (that author, however, using the synonymous
name X. hrachypterum). When compared with brachypterous
but otherwise typical females of saltator, we find our specimens,
as Giglio-Tos has observed, to be differentiated by the decidedly
" This series has been recorded in part by Caudell, the macropterous indi-
viduals correctly, the brachypterous examples as the synonymous merulionale,
Proc. U. S. Xat. Mus., xxx, p. 242, (1906), and macropterous specimens
correctly by Rehn, Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila., 1907, p. 393, (1907). In
following Redtenbacher's Monograph, subsequent authors have ahnost with-
out exception been led into the error of considering the macropterous and
brachypterous conditions of llie present insect separate specific units.
REHN AND HEBARD 279
broader tegmina with apices truncate and very broadly rounded
(very much more so than in any examples of saltator), with veins
decidedly less cUstinct and by the much more decidedly curved
ovipositor. The males are said to have the distinguishing char-
acters of the tegmina equally pronounced. We find the wings
of the females to be distinctly aborted, but not reduced to a
filiform condition. We do not consider the incision of tiie female
subgenital plate given by Giglio-Tos to be of any value.
In addition to the characters given above, we would say that
in the specimens before us the form is distinctly heavier than
even the extreme of this tendency found in saltator in Paraguay'.
The eyes are distinctly larger and more protruding, while the
vertex is narrower than is normal in saltator, being slightly less
than two-thirds the width of the proximal antennal joint, and
decidedly deeper, being two and three-fourths times as deep as
greatest width, with sides distinctly but weakly convergent,
almost straight. The lateral lobes of the pronotum have the
cephalic margin broadly rounded to the ventro-caudal angle with
the ventro-cephalic angle weakly indicated, the ventro-caudal
angle is sharply rounded, the caudal margin straight with the
humeral sinus absent, the convex callosity is very narrow. The
latero-dorsal pale bands of the abdomen are slightly more dis-
tinct than in any specimens of saltator before us, while the gen-
icular areas are contrastingly darkened. The ovipositor is not
only more decidedly curved than in that species but differs also
in shape, narrowing appreciabh' from the median point to the
acute apex, which narrowing begins in saltator near the apex as
is normal for the great majority of the American species. The
specimens before us have the ventro-external margins of the
caudal femora armed with 4 and 5 and 5 and 5 spines, which are
heavier than normal in the allied species. Their measurenumts
are: length of body 15.5-16.3, pronotum 3.7-4, tegmen 3 3.9,
caudal femur 15.4-16, ovipositor 9.7-10.1 and width of tc^gmen
2.6-2.7 mm.
Specimeiis Examined: 2; 2 females.
Sapucay, Paraguay, I, 24, to 25 ami II, 1901, (\V. T. Fo^^ter), 2 9 [V . S. X.
M. and Hcbard Cln.]. (t^rach.).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
280 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
Conocephaius truncatus (Redtenbacher) (PI. XXII, figs. 7, 17 and 22;
XXIII, 24 and 25; XXIV, 7).
1901. Xiphidium truncatum Redtenbacher, Verb. k.-k. zool.-bot. Gesell.
Wien, xli, p. 522. [Brazil]
In general form, tegminal structure, vertex and male cerci
the present insect shows its close affinity to C. versicolor and C.
ochrotelus. In the last two characters it more closely agrees with
the former species; the cerci are, however, less elongate with
swollen portion overhanging the tooth more decided and distal
portion narrowing to a sharper apex. In the tegminal structure
close affinity is shown to ochrotelus. In coloration and unarmed
ventral margins of the caudal femora, it agrees with neither of
the above species.
Size medium, form moderately robust. Vertex not strongly
but distinctly ascending, narrow, greatest width one-half that of
proximal antennal joint, about two and three-fourths times as
deep as wide, sides straight and very weakly convergent. Eyes
moderately large and decidedly protruding. Antennae greenish
with each joint weakly annulate with brown at the suture, not
of the extreme length found in versicolor. Lateral lobes of pro-
notum with cephalic margin convex to the sharply rounded ven-
tro-caudal angle, ventro-cephalic angle weakly defined, caudal
margin subsinuous, almost straight, humeral sinus absent, convex
callosity very narrow. Tegmina of male similar to those of
ochrotelus but with veinlets distinct and large tympanum con-
siderably more elongate, distinctly longitudinal; wings small and
aborted, about half as long as tegmina. Tegmina of female small
rounded pads, usually overlapping dorsad; wings small aborted
pads of nearly equal length. Male cerci with liasal third mod-
erately stout, mesal third distinctly swollen and decidedly pro-
duced above a rather long and slender ventral tooth, which is
straight to the sharp and decurved apex, the tooth situated
proximad of the middle and directed meso-proximad, distal
portion of cercus directed weakly outward, distinctly and evenly
flattened, with margins converging evenly to the acute apex.
Subgenital plate of male truncate between the rather short disto-
lateral styles. Ovipositor short and weakly but distinctly arcuate
dorsad. Subgenital plate of female flat with lateral margins
strongly and rather broadly curved upward, embracing the base
of the ovipositor. Caudal femora with proximal portion
REHN AND HEBARD 281
decidedly swollen, genicular lobes bispinose, ventral margins
unarmed.
Coloration. — Male: Head excepting eyes and dorsal surface,
lateral lobes of pronotum, body and exposed proximal portion
of abdomen, cephalic and median limbs and greater part of
swollen portion of caudal femora light oriental green, caudal
margin of pronotum, tegmina, abdomen and cerci uniform cinna-
mon. Remaining portions of caudal limbs greenish washed with
cinnamon, excepting the genicular lobes which are briefly suf-
fused with chestnut. Medio-dorsal stripe of head and pronotum
very broad, shining blackish brown, with pale margins buffy
and wider than is usual. Eyes chestnut l)rown. In the female
the coloration is similar, excepting that the abdomen shows
traces of darker longitudinal stripes on the dorsum and sides, in
one specimen before us these stripes being pronounced, those on
the sides darkest, chestnut brown. The coloration of part of the
series is apparently well preserved.
Mcasuretneuts {in miUinietcrs) of extreines
a o
Pctropolis, Brazil. ^"^
cT 10.. 5-13
9 12 -U
Specimens Exaniiiic'l: 17; 6 males and 11 females.
Petropolis, Rio de .Janeiro, Brazil, IV, 12 to 14, 1913, (M. Burr), C. o^ 10 9 ,
[A. N. S. P. and Oxford Univ. Cln.].
Tijuca, Rio de .Janeiro, Brazil, IV, 9 to 11, 1913, (M. liurr), 1 9 , l.\. X. S. P.].
Conocephalus versicolor (Redtenbaeher) (PI. XXII, Hgs. 8 and IS; XXIII>
2(3 and 27; XXIV, 8.)
1S91. Xiphidiiim versicolor Redtenbaeher, Verli. i<.-k. zool.-bot. Ciescll, \\ ien,
xli, [). .507. [Fonteboa, Brazil.] [Macropterous d^.\.
1898. X[iplii<linm] feslae Gi^lio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. .\nat . eoini). Univ.
Torino, xiii, no. 311, p. 92. [San .lose, Guala(iuiza and Valleys of Santiago
and Zamora, Ecuador.] [Bracliypterous series.].
With the present knowledge of the genus it is perfectly evident
th{itfestae is an absolute synonym of the present species, based on
bracliypterous material; from three of the four localities given
TR.\N.S. .A.M. ENT. SOC, XLI.
s: o
■^ a
—, 6
a >
3 , 1-3 .
3
r>
.2-.5.8
10
.8-12
3.2-3
3
2
. (5-2 . (J
11
.7-12
3
8-8 , 9
282 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
for festac, Giglio-Tos records versicolor as well and suggests the
possibility of festae being but a variety of that species.
The present species is a member of the distii\ctive South
American group H of the subgenus Xiphidion, remarkable for
the brilliant and very distinctive coloration of the species.
The male sex of the species is very striking, the green cephalic
and median limbs, wings and cerci contrasting brilliantly with
the yellow head, lateral lobes of the pronotum, caudal femora
(excepting the dark genicular areas) and abdomen, which latter
furthermore has the dorsal abdominal segments strikingly marked
as follows: the proximal five are shining black dorsad and laterad,
the sixth and seventh maculate with black meso-dorsad, while
the greater part of the eighth and all of the ninth and tenth are
shining black. The female has the abdomen similarly but much
less strongly darkened.
Size rather large, form graceful with limbs decidedly elongate.
Vertex not strongly but distinctly ascending, narrow, greatest
width one-half that of proximal antennal joint, slightly over two
and three-fourths times as deep as wide, sides straight and very
weakly convergent. Eyes moderately large and decidedly pro-
truding. Antennae greenish with each joint annulate at the
suture with brown, in material before us 62 mm. in length.
Lateral lobes with cephalic margin convex to the sharply rounded
ventro-caudal angle, ventro-cephalic angle broadly rounded
but evident, caudal margin subsinuous, almost straight, humeral
sinus absent, convex callosity very narrow. Tegmina, in macrop-
terous and brachypterous material, with apex sharply rounded;
male tympanum very small and distinctly though not strongly
longitudinal. Male cerci moderately elongate (2 to 2.2 mm. in
material before us), very slightly but noticeably irregular in
outline, basal third moderately stout, mesal third distinctly and
evenly swollen, this swelling more decided, however, above a
rather long and rather slender ventral tooth which is straight to
the sharp decurved apex, the tooth situated proximad of the
middle and directed strongly meso-proximad, distal portion curved
weakly outward, distinctly but regularly flattened, particularly
on the inner side, with margins very weakly irregular but con-
verging evenly to the rather shar])ly rounded ai)ex. The ccm-cus
has the same appearance found in the North American (\ ni'iiro-
pleuroides, suggesting minor irregularities more strongly than do
REHN AND HEBARD 283
the normal hard and rigid appearing cerci of the other species of
the genus. Subgenital plate truncate l:)et\veen the short (Usto-
lateral styles. Ovipositor elongate (in the specimen l)efore us
13 mm.), nearly straight. The caudal femora are elongate
(cT', 13.7-15.7; 9 , 16.2 in the material Ijefore us) and armed with
(cf, 3 ami 4 and 4 and "); 9,4 and o, in our material) long,
heavy spines.
Specimens Examined: 3; 2 males ancl 1 female.
Caparo, Trinidad, VIII, 1913, (S. AI. Klages), 2 d^, [Hehard Cln.], (brach.).
Contamano, Rio I'cayali, Peru, X to XII, 1012, 1 9, [A. X. S. P.], (macr.,
dr. alch.).
Conocephalus ochrotelus^^ new species (PI. XXI, fig. 7; XXII, 9; XXIII,
28 and 29; XXIV, 9.)
Apparently nearest in relationship to C. truncatii.s'''' and allied
to C versicolor, but distinctive in coloration and several other
important characters given below.
Type: cf, Itatiba, ?ao Paulo, Brazil. April 10. (J. Lima.)
[Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, Type No. 5268.]
Description of Type. — Size medium, form moderatelj' robust. Coloration
verj' distinctive. Head with dorsum of vertex when seen from lateral aspect
scarcely ascending (not as much as in versicolor), fastigium of vertex narrow, but
about two-thirds as wide as basal antennal joint, two and one-fourth times as
long as broad, sides straight and not decidedly convergent. Eyes moderately
large, moderately protruding (not as much so as in versicolor). Lateral lobes
of pronotum with cei)halic margin convex to the ventro-caudal angle, ventro-
cephalic angle very broadly rounded but distinct, ventro-caudal angle sharply
rounded and rectangulate, humeral sinus absent, convex callosity very narrow.
Tegmina broad and truncate with very broadly rounded apex, covering half
the distance from the pronotum to the apices of the cerci, veins distinct, vein-
lets subobsolete, tympanum large and distinctly though not strongly longi-
tudinal (somewhat more nearly transvei'se than in versicolor); wings small
aborted pads broadly rounded at apex, extending half the distance from the
tegminal speculum to the apices of the tegmina. Cerci heavy and elongate,
proximal portion stout and very brief, mesal portion very ekmgate and much
swollen, protluced weakly interno-proximad in a rounded narrow shelf, in the
mesal portion of which is situated ventrad a rather heavy tooth directed
strongly meso-i)roximad with its sharp apex weakly decurved, distal portion
of shaft broad and rather elongate, decidedly dei)resscd, sides subi):irallel to
apical portion, where they become (>venly convc^xo-convergent to the \ery
^^ From d!Xpos=pale antl T€Xos=end, in alhision to the pale and strongly
contrasting coloration of the two distal dorsal abdominal segments.
"^ See page 280 for comparison with this species.
TR.\NS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
284 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
sharply rounded apex, giving the contour of a very narrow Gothic arch.
Subgenital plate short, truncate distad between the short disto-lateral styles.
Cephalic and median limbs very slightly shorter and heavier than in versicolor y
with ventral margins of tibiae each likewise armed with six heavy spines
(slightly heavier than in versicolor). Caudal femora proportionately shorter
than in versicolor with proximal decidedly swollen portion similar, ventro-
external margins bearing 5 and 8 spines, genicular lobes of caudal femora
heavily bispinose, genicular areas weakly darkened.
The measurements of the type are: length of body 13.5,
pronotum 3.6, tegmhia 4.9 and 5.2, caudal femur 13.4, cercus 2.3
and approximate width of tegmen if flattened out 3.3 mm.
The coloration is distinctive. Head, lateral lol)es of pronotum,
thorax, limbs, exposed lateral portions of dorsal abdominal seg-
ments and cerci pale bice green. Medio-dorsal stripe of head
and pronotum warm sepia shading mesad on pronotum to verona
brown, rather l)roadly margined laterad with cinnamon buff.
Eyes and tegmina cinnamon, humeral trunk of tegmina cinnamon
bufT. Concealed proximal portion of dorsum of alxlomen tawny
olive paler mesad (cinnamon buff) and showing rather Inroad
lines of the same color meso-laterad. Exposed portion of dorsum
of abdomen with sixth segment weakly, and seventh and eighth
heavily and broadly suffused with sepia, the marg;ins of these
segments marked with a greenish suffusion, ninth and tenth
segments, subgenital plate and ventral abdominal segments
pinkish cinnamon contrasting strongly with the proximal dorsal
abdominal segments and cerci, tenth abdominal segment with
distal margin strongly suffused with warm sepia. Genicular
areas of caudal femora suffused (but not strikingly so) with
bistre.
The present species is known from the imiciue type.
Subgenus Perissacanthus *" new subgenus
The subgenus includes a single species from Paraguay.
Type of Subgenus. — Conocephalus strictoides [Xiphidinm
stridoides] (( 'audell) .
Subgeneric Description. — Prostermun bispinose. Alale sub-
genital plate as in th(^ subgenus Xiphidion. \rn\vii\ margins of
cephalic; and median tibiae armed with six well spaced spines.
Interno-dorsal of distal spurs of caudal tibiae absent so that their
8" From 7r6pt(To-6s = ()dd (nunibci) and clk ai>9 a =\\\orn, in allusJDn to tli(> five
instead of six distal si)urs of the caudal tibiae.
REHX AND HEBARD 285
number is five, instead of six as found in the ^reat majority of
the species of the genus. Size medium for the genus, form very
attenuate.
Conocephalus strictoides (Caudell) (PI. XXI. figs. 2 and ."); XXII. 10 and
19; XXIII, 30 and 31. J
1906. Xiphidium meridionale Caudell (not of Scudder, 187.5), Proc. U. S.
Xat. Mus., XXX, p. 242. (In part.) [Sapucay, Paraguay.] [2 c^.]
1906. Xiphidium slrictoideg Caudell, Proc. U. 8. Xat. Mus. .xxx, p. 242.
[Sapucay. Paraguay.] [3 9,1 juv. ? .]
This distinctive species shows a slight amount of simihirity to
the North American C. spartinae in the general form of the male
cercus; the ovipositor is decidedly longer than in any other
American species excepting C. stn'ctus and C. leptopterus, all of
which species differing greatly in most important respects.
Caudell unfortunatel}' included males before him with a series
of brachypterous C. saUato7-, recording them as meridionale, a
synonym of saltator. We consequently here select and describe
the allotype.
Allotype: cf ; Sapucay, Paraguay. January 29. 1901. (W. T.
Foster.) [United States National Museum.]
Description nj Allotype. — Very siiniiar to type excepting in sex characters.
Size medium, form very slender. Head with vertex strongly produced, when
seen from lateral aspect not ascending above plane of occiput; fastigium of
vertex narrow, greatest width verj- slightly more than one-half that of pro.xi-
mal antennal joint, narrowing strongly to point two-thirds of the ilistance
from apex to facial suture, thence subparallel to latter, two and one-half times
as long as broad. Eyes rather small for the South American species of the
genus (about as in C. brevipennis and C. spartinae) and also not strongly pro-
truding. Lateral lobes of pronotum with cephalic margin very broadly and
evenly convex and unusually oblique to the rather sharply rounded ventro-
caudal angle which is rectangulate, caudal margin ahiiost straight but with a
subobsolete convexity at convex callositj^ humeral sinus absent, convex callosity
moderately broad. Tegmina rather narrow, reaching two-thirds of the dis-
tance to the apex of abdomen with apices truncate and broadly rounded, veins
distinct but very delicate, veinlets exceedingly delicate, tympanum very small
and distinctly longitudinal (slightly more so than in C. versicolor), with stridu-
lating vein decidedly swollen for two-thirds of its length; wings about four-
fifths as long as tegmina with broadly rounded apices showing a tendency
toward an aborted condition. Cerci rather slender and elongate, brief prox-
imal portion rather stout, very elongate mesal portion decidedly and evenl\-
swollen except above the proximo-ventral rather slender tooth, which it over-
hangs in a squared projection with immediate angle rounded, the tooth
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XLL
286 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
directed strongly meso-proximad with sharp apex weakly decurved, internal
margin of swollen portion straight, external margin of cercus concave, distal
portion strongly depressed and directed outward with margins converging to
the rather broadly rounded apex. Subgenital plate with distal margin very
w-eakly concave between the comparatively long disto-lateral styles. Ventral
margins of the caudal femora unarmed, genicular areas not darkened, genicular
lobes normally bispinose; tarsi, comparatively, rather short.
Females rather similar excepting for sex characters but slightly more slender,
with caudal margins of lateral lobes of pronotum straight. Tegniina not as
long as pronotum, much shorter than in male, rather broadly rounded at apex;
wings reaching to tips of tegmina, rather broadly rounded at apices and dis-
tinctly aborted. Ovipositor very long and slender and very weakly curved,
approximately straight. Subgenital plate shield-shaped, mainly flat, briefly
curving upward laterad and embracing base of ovipositor, brief distal margin
of flat surface transverse.
MeasurcmctUs (in millimeters)
O 0_g Or; 'o'^ °— • ° ° °''^
Sapucay, ?■= |§ fa 2| |g ^t f-^ ^•S'
Paraguay. ^^ r-i ^^ > ^^ j-^h-)
Alloiyve,&.. 16 3.2 7.9 2.S 12.6 2.2 .6
cf 16 3.1 7.6 2.8 12.9 2.2 .7
9 1.5.5 3.3 3.2 ... 13.3 21.1
The type series and males in the United States National Mu-
seum examined by us, and an additional female taken by the
same collector at the same locality and in the Hebard Collection,
these specimens taken from December to April 1900-1902, two
males, four females and one immature female, are the only speci-
mens known of this interestinp; species.
Subgenus Aphauropus*'^ new subgenus
The subgenus includes a single species from Tepic, IMexico.
Tyye of Subgenus. — Conocephalus leptoptenis new species.
Subgencric Description. — Prosternum bispinose. Subgenital
plate of male unknowni. Ventral margins of cephalic and median
tibiae armed with seven or eight well spaced spines. Caudal
tibiae with dorsal and ventral pairs of distal spurs absent, armed
at the distal extremities with a single (well-developed) pair of
median spurs as in the sul)g(Mms Anarthro])i(s. Tegmina of fe-
male greatly aV)()rted, wings missing. Size nuMlium for the genus,
form robust.
8' Approximately, if ilattciicd out.
*2 From ot^aupos = weak and 7ro0s = foot, in allusion to absence of the nor-
mal dorsal and ventral pairs of distal spurs of the caudal tibiae.
REHN AND HEBARD 287
Conocephalus leptopterus^ new species (PI. XXI, figs. 1 and -1; XXII, 11.)
This distinctive species would suggest C. sirictus in the robust
form, unarmed ventral margins of the caudal femora, unispinose
genicular lobes and very long ovipositor, l)ut when examined is
found to be widely separated from any known form of the geims.
The insect agrees with C. snltai^s in having the caudal tibiae
armed distad with but a single pair of spurs, but in the present
insect the prosternum is bispinose and the cephalic and median
tibiae have their margins armed with seven or eight instead of
six spines. In a number of characters the insect is unique.
Type: 9 ; Tepic, Tepic, Mexico. [Hebard Collection, Tvi)e
No. 385.]
Description of Type. — .Size medium, form robust. Dark medio-dorsal band
of head and pronotum continued solid and uninterrupted on abdomen to base
of ovipositor. Head with vertex, when seen from lateral aspect, in same hori-
zontal plane as occiput, fastigium of vertex narrow but about two-thirds as
wide as proximal antennal joint, nearly two ami one-half times as deep as
broad, narrowing evenly three-fourths of the distance from apex to facial
suture, then subparallel, this whole outline almost imperceptibly concave.
Eyes medium for the genus (small for so robust an insect), not strongly pro-
truding. Pronotum unusually long anrl of exceptional shape, lateral lobes
broadly rounded to the ventro-caudal angle which is distinctly obtuse-angulate,
caudal margin straight, very weakly subsinuate, humeral sinus absent, convex
callosity exceedingly broad, swollen and conspicuous; the cephahc and caudal
margins are strongly oblique to the ventro-caudal angle, which is abnost mesal
in position. Tegmina greatly aborted, small rounded i)ads wholly concealed
by pronotum; wings absent. Ovipositor very long and slender showing a very
weak upward curvature, approximately straight. Subgenital plate broadly
shield-shaped, mainly flat, briefly curved upward laterad and embracing the
base of the ovipositor, distal rather broad margin of flat surface transverse.
The measurements of the type are: length of i)ody 13.5, pro-
notum 4.2, caudal femur 13.9, ovipositor 30.1 mm.
The type is unique, a dried alcoholic individual.
^3 From Xe7rT6s = minute and 7r7€pw=wing, in allusion to the minute, abor-
ted and wholly concealed tegmina found in tlie fcinale sex of this extraordi-
nary species.
TR.\NS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
288 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (ORTHOPTERA)
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
Plate XXI
Fig. 1. — Conocephalus leptopterus new species. Tepic, Mexico. Female
(type). Lateral outline. (X3)
Fig. 2. — Conocephalus strictoides (Caudell). Sapucay, Paraguay. Male {allo-
type). Lateral outline of vertex. (X25)
Fig. 3. — Conocephalus unicolor (Bruner). Corumba, Brazil. Female (/o;jo/;/pe).
Lateral outline. ( X 3)
Fig. 4. — Conocephalus leptopterus new species. Tepic, Mexico. Female
{type). Distal extremity of caudal tibia, internal aspect. (X 20)
Fig. 5. — Conocephalus strictoides (Caudell). Sapucay, Paraguay. Male {allo-
type). Distal extremity of caudal tibia, internal aspect. ( X 20)
Fig. 6. — Conocephalus iriodes new species. Kaiteur, British Guiana. Male
{type). Lateral outline. (X 3)
Fig. 7. — Conocephalus ochrotelus new species. Itatiba, Brazil. Male {type).
Lateral outline ( X 3)
Plate XXII
Outline of cephalic view of fastigium. (X 25)
Fig. 1. — Conocephalus Imujipes (Redtenbacher). Carcarafia, Argentina.
Male.
Fig. 2. — Conocephalus vUticollis (Blanchard). El Olivar, Colchagua, Chile.
Male.
Fig. 3. — Conocephalus ictus (Scudder). Otoyac, Mexico. Male.
Fig. 4. — Conocephalus insularis (Morse). Pinar del Rio, Cuba. Male.
Fig. 5. — Conocephalus iriodes new species. Kaiteur, British Guiana. Male
{type).
Fig. 6. — Conocephalus angnstifrons (Redtenbacher). Juan Vinas, Costa
Rica. Male.
Fig. 7." — Conocephalus truncalus (Redtenbacher). Petropolis, Brazil. Male.
Fig. 8. — Conocephalus versicolor (Redtenbacher). Caparo, Trinidad. Male.
Fig. 9. — Conocephalus ochrotelus new species. Itatiba, Brazil. Male {type).
Fig. 10. — Conocephalus strictoides (Caudell). Sapucay, Paraguay. Male
{allotype) .
Fig. IL — Conocephalus lcptnpter)is new species. Tepic, Mexico. Female
{type).
Outline of lateral lobe of pronotum. (X <3)
Fig. 12. — Conocephalus cinereus (Thunberg). Kingston, .Jamaica. Male
(topotype).
Fig. 13. — Co7wcephalus ictus {Hcudder). Santa Rosa, Mexico. Atypical male.
Fig. 14. — Conocephalus insularis (Morse). Pinar del Rio, Cuba. Male.
Fig. 15. — Conocephalus angnstifrons (Redtenl)acher). Juan Vinas, Costa Rica.
Male.
Fig. 16. — Conocephalus saltator (Saussure). Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana.
Male (topotype).
REHN AND HEBARD 289
Fig. 17. — Conocephalus Iruncalus (Redtenbacher). Petropolis, Brazil. Male.
Fig. 18. — Conocephalus versicolor (Redtenbacher). C'aparo, Trinidad. Male.
Fig. 19. — Conocephalus slrictoides (Caudell). Sapucay, Paraguay. Male
(allotype) .
Fig. 20. — Conocephalus ictus (Scudder). Otoyac, Mexico. Male.
Outline of female tegmen. (X 3)
Fig. 21. — Conocephalus borelli (Giglio-Tos). Sapucay, Paraguay.
Fig. 22. — Conocephalus truncatus (Redtenbacher). Petropolis, Brazil.
Outline of ovipositor. ( X 2)
Fig. 23. — Conocephalus iriodes new species. Kaiteur, British Guiana. (/l/^>-
typc.)
Fig. 24. — Conocephalus borelli (C5iglio-Tos). Sapiicay, Paraguay.
Plate XXIII
Dorsal (first numl)er) and lateral (second number) outlines of male
cercus. (X 10)
Figs. 1 and 2. — Conocephalus longipes (Redtenbacher). Carcarana, Argentina.
.Figs. 8 and 4. — Conocephalus vitticollis (Blanchard). El Olivar, Golchagua,
Chile.
Figs. 5 and (i. — Conocephalus cinereus (Thunberg). Kingston, Jamaica.
(Topotype.)
Fig. 7. — Conocephalus ictxis (Scudder). Santa Rosa, Mexico. Atypical.
Figs. 8 and 9. — Conocephalus ictus (Scudder). Otoyac, Mexico.
Figs. 10 and 11. — Conocephalus insularis (Morse). Pinar del Rio, Cuba.
Figs. 12 and 13. — Conocephalus iriodes new species. Kaiteur, British Guiana.
(Type.)
Figs. 14 and 15. — Conocephalus angustifrons (Redtenbacher). Juan Vinas,
Costa Rica.
Figs. 16 and 17. — Conocephalus cquatorialis (Giglio-Tos). Bartica, British
Guiana.
Figs. 18 and 19. — r'oNocep/ia/w« .sa/ta/or (Sau.ssure). Caparo, Trinidad. More
elongate condition.
Figs. 20 and 21. — Couocephalus saltator (Saussure). Paramaribo, Dutch
Guiana. (Topotype.) Normal condition.
Figs. 22 and 23. — Conocephalus saltator (Saussure). Tijuca, Brazil. More
robust condition.
Figs. 24 and 25. — Conocephalus truncatus (Redtenbacher). Petropolis, Brazil.
Figs. 26 and 27. — Conocephalus versicolor (Redtenbacher). Caparo, Trinidad.
Figs. 28 and 29. — Conocephalus ochrotelus new species. Itatiba, Brazil.
(Type.)
Figs. 30 and 31. — (Conocephalus slrictoides (C'audell). Sapucay, Paraguay.
{Type.)
Outline of male subgenital plate. (X 5h)
Figs. 32 and 33. — Conocephalus longipes (Redtenbacher). Carcarana, Argen-
tina.
TRANS. .\M. ENT. SOC, XLI.
10
290 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Plate XXIV
Stridulating field of male tegmen. (X 10)
Fig. l.—Conoccphabis longipes (Redtenbaoher). Carcarana, Argentina.
Fig. 2.—Conocepfmlus vitticollis (Blanchard). El Olivar, Colchagua, Chile.
Fig. 3. — Conocephaliis ictus (Scudder). Otoyac, Mexico.
Fig. 4. — Conocephaliis insularis (Morse). Pinar del Rio, Cuba.
Fig. 5. — Conocephalus iriodes new species. Kaiteur, British Guiana. (Type.)
Fig. 6. — Conocephahis angustifrons (Redtenbacher). Juan Vinas, Costa Rica.
Fig. 7. — Conocephalus truncatus (Redtenbacher). Petropolis, Brazil.
Fig. 8. — Conocephalus versicolor (Redtenbacher). Caparo, Trinidad.
Fig. 9. — Conocephalus ochrotelus new species. Itatiba, Brazil. (Type.)
Trans. Am. Eiit. 8oc., \'ol. XLI.
PI. XXI.
REHN AND HEBARD- AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIJ.
PI. XXII
10
20
21
23
24
REHN AND HEBARD— AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLI.
PI. X.XIII
13
12 M/ 14
20
11
22
32
25
27
29
31 33
RF.HN AND HEB.^RD AMERICAN TF.TTIGONIIDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLI.
I'l. XXIV
^^^ )A
REHN AND HEBARD AMERICAN TETTIGONllDAE
CONTENTS
Miscellaneous Aphid Notes chiefly from Oregon. By H. F.
Wilson 85
(Issued May 3, 1915)
On Some Genera of the Pimpline Ichneumonidae. By J. H.
Merrill, Ph.D 109
(Issued May 24, 1915)
Studies in American Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera). V. A
Synopsis of the Species of the Genus Conocephalus
found in North America north of Mexico. By James
A. G. Rehn and Morgan Hebard 155
(Issued June 19, 1915)
Studies in American Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera). VI. A
Sj'-nopsis of the Species of the Genus Conocephalus
found in America, south of the Southern Border of the
United States. By James A. G. Rehn and Morgan
Hebard 225
(Issued July 14, 1915)
VOLUME XLI NUMBER 3
SEPTEMBER, 1915
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
1
\
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AT THE
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
PHILADELPHIA
SUBSCRIPTION PRICE FOUR DOLLARS PER VOLUME
H. C. FALL 291
A REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF
PACHYBRACHYS
BY H. C. FALL
For reasons, which to the initiated are obvious and sufficient,
no realh^ serious attempt at a comprehensive treatment of our
species of Pachyhrachys has been made since the appearance of
Suffrian's paper on the North American CryptocephaUni. In
1880, Dr. LeConte essayed to give a table for the separation of
the more easily defined species, but in addition to the twenty-
nine thus treated, he was compelled to append a list of at least
twenty forms which were too indefinite or too little known to
permit of tabulation.
Briefly stated, the natural conditions which have discouraged
any attempt at a systematic treatment of our species of this
genus are, — the great number of species involved; their indefinite-
ness, due to the lack of salient diagnostic characters, and the
great individual variability, more especially in the superficial
characters of sculpture and markings, upon which specific dis-
tinctions have been largely based. In addition to these inherent
difficulties, a further serious obstacle to progress has been the
impossibility of recognizing — in the absence of types — a consider-
able number of the Suffrian species, the descriptions of which,
though lengthy, are of little use for purposes of identification.
This last obstacle has been in part overcome by the opportunity
of examining a number of the Suffrian types kindly sent to Mr.
Bowditch and to the writer by Dr. Taschenberg of Halle, through
the intercession of Dr. Walt her Horn of Berlin. The natural
difficulties are of course still with us, and their complete solution
is purely a question of time and experience — and will certainly
require a large measure of both. The writer realizes — probaljly
more fully than any one else — the shortcomings and incomplete-
ness of the present revision, but to wait the solution of all ques-
tions of relationship and synonymy would simply mean that the
results of an already protracted study wouM never be published.
It is, moreover, undoubtedly true that the interest of students and
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, Xl.I.
292 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
collectors will be stimulated and the ends aimed at be more
speedily attained by placing before them the results so far as
reached.
The present investigation has been spread over some six or
eight years and has been prosecuted more or less continually
during the last three or four. There have been, however, during
this time many longer or shorter interruptions of active work,
and because of this, a certain irregularity, or lack of uniformity of
treatment may be noticeable to the critical reader, but it is
hoped that the usefulness of the work has not suffered in conse-
quence.
Owing to the great difficulty experienced in identifying many
of the species of Suffrian and Jacoby from the descriptions, and
inability to obtain authentic examples for study, it is not un-
Hkely that a few of the forms here described as new may prove
to be identical with, or merely variations of, certain Mexican
species; it is, however, thought best to risk this small amount of
synonymy in the interest of completeness of treatment of the
material at hand. After making all possible assignments, there
remains of course the inevitable residue of unplaceable speci-
mens. There are some fifty or sixty of these — less than one per
cent of the total number studied — nearly all of them females, and
many unique. Among them are unquestionably a number of
undescribed species, but we must await further examples, espe-
cially males, before they can be properly characterized.
According to Bowditch, eburifer Suffr. occurs at Brownsville,
Texas, and he has doubtfully recognized rubronotatus Jac. from
Iowa and Illinois. The doubt in the latter case I believe to be
well founded, and as ehurifer was described from South America
there is more than a chance that there is some mistake in the
identification; at all events, I have not sufficient information to
permit my including either of these doubtful things in my tables.
.4 cknoivledgments
As usual I have found my entomological friends and corre-
spondents generous in contri))uting material for study, and it is a
pleasure to here acknowledge this assistance. No less than
seven thousand specimens have been examined, among them
almost the entire material of the National Museum Collection,
H. C. FALL 293
for which I am indebted to the unfailing courtesy of Dr. Howard
and Messrs. Schwarz and Barber; that of the American Entomo-
logical Society of Philadelphia, including the Horn Collection,
through the kindness of Dr. Skinner; and also that of the Snow
Collection in the University of Kansas. From private collec-
tions I have received substantial aid — in most cases their
entire material — from Messrs. Leng and Beyer of New York,
Mr. Schaeffer of Brooklyn, INIessrs. Liebeck and the Wenzels
of Philadelphia, Professor Wickham of Iowa City, ]\Ir. Warren
Knaus of McPherson, Kansas, Mr. Chas. Dury of Cincinnati,
Mr. C. A. Frost of South Framingham, Mass., Mr. Loding
of Mobile, Mr. A. B. Wolcott of Chicago, Dr. Blaisdell and
Dr. Van Dyke of San Francisco, and Dr. Fenyes of Pasadena,
Cal. I have also gone over carefully the collection of the
late Frederick Blanchard of Tyngsboro, ^Nlass.; have several
times — thanks to IMr. Henshaw's courtesy — examined the Le-
Conte types at Cambridge, Mass., and am indel^ted to Mr.
Bowditch not only for the privilege of studying many of the
tjpes of his lately described species, but also for the opportunity
of taking a look at a number of the Suffrian types sent to him by
Dr. Taschenberg of Halle. Since then I have myself received
from Dr. Taschenberg, through the kind offices of Dr. Walther
Horn of Berlin, several Suffrian types, which have enabled me
to fix the identity of a number of species not hitherto known or
properly interpreted by American students. Quite recently, in
response to a request to the British Museum, kindly seconded by
Mr. Champion, Mr. C. J. Gahan has sent me for study represen-
tatives of about a dozen Mexican species, including several of
Jaeoby's and a number of Suft'rian's as determined by Jacoby.
The consideration so kindly^ shown by ]\Ir. Gahan and the ^lu-
soum authorities is especially appreciated, coming as it does at a
time when the working force of the Museum is much reduced, and
the hazards of transportation considerably enhanced by the
existing European war. Finally I am under especial obligation
to Mr. Schwarz of the National [Museum and my neighbor. Dr.
Fenyes, for bibliographical notes or the loan of some of the older
papers not in my own librarj-.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
294 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
Origin of the genus Pachybrachys
A glance at the literature of the subject shows that there
exists a considerable difference of opinion as to whom the genus
Pachybrachys should be accredited. American students, follow-
ing without question the lead of Dr. LeConte, seem to have been
unanimous in writing Pachybrachys Chevrolat. Jacoby, in the
Biologia, gives Suffrian as authority but adds Chevrolat's name
in brackets. In the next to the last edition of the European
Catalog by Heyden, Reitter and Weise, it is written Pachybrachys
Suffrian, while the last edition puts it Pachybrachis Redten-
bacher. The facts seem to be as follows:
1834. The name Pachybrachis Chevr. first appears in Dejean's
Catalog. No description of the genus is given, but the
species included leave no doubt as to its significance.
1836. In the reprint of the third edition of the Dejean Catalog,
numerous species of Pachybrachis Chevr. are listed, including
a number of North American species described by the
older authors (Fabricius, Olivier, etc.).
1837. In the fourth edition of Dejean's Catalog, the species of
Pachybrachis Chevr. are given verbatim as in the preceding
edition without additions.
1847. Dr. E. Suffrian, in a Revision of the European species
of the genus Cryptocephalus (Linnaea Entom., Vol. II),
contends that Chevrolat's division of the genus into five
so-called genera, are mere names, but incidentally changes
the spelling of Pachybrachis to Pachybrachys for philological
reasons.
1848. Dr. E. Suffrian, in concluding the Revision of the Euro-
pean species of Cryptocephalus (Linn. Ent. Vol. Ill), gives
on pp. 111-113 a lengthy description of "Pachybrachys
Chevrolat, " without any reference to Dejean's Catalog.
1849. L. Redtenbacher (Fauna Austriaca, 1st Edition, p. 563)
describes the genus "Pachybrachys Chevrolat."
In the 2d edition of Fauna Austriaca, Redtenbacher uses
Pachybrachys in the text, and Pachybrachis in the index.
In the 3d Edition, with fine impartiality, the genus a]ipears
as Pachybrachys in the table of species, but Pachybrachis
in the table of genera.
H. C. FALL 295
As there is obviously no doubt as to what Chevrolat's name was
intended to cover, I shall cite him as authority for the genus, and
I shall spell the name correctly.^ This seems to me the common
sense of the matter, and the conclusion is to me all the more
satisfactory since it coincides with the views of Dr. LeConte,
and recjuires no deviation from American custom.
Chronology
Chronologically our species have been described as follows:
1798. Fabricius — Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 109. Here appears
luridus, the first of our species to receive a name. A com-
mon species, known to all collectors.
1801. Fabricius — Syst. Eleuth., II, p. 49 — makes known
viduatus from "Carolina" in a very brief description of ten
words. The species is confined to the Southeastern states
and is not overly common in collections. Until recently
the name viduatus has been commonly and erroneously
applied to the hivittatus of Say.
1808. Olivier — Entomologie, VI, p. 810, 820 — describes femora-
tus and puhescens. The former is one of the numerous
mottled species, and the description is insufficient for posi-
tive identification. I have followed LeConte's interpreta-
tion, which I believe to be correct. Puhescens is a well
known species which has been more often alluded to under
Haldeman's name morosa.
1824. Say— Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., III. pp. 436-440—
describes abdominalis, hivittatus, nigricornis and Jemoratus.
The last named is a synonym of luridus Fab. Hivittatus
is a well known species which has passed as viduatus Fab.
LeConte seems to have properly identified ahdominalis,
but both this and nigricornis have remained unknown to
most American entomologists.
1824. LeConte (Major)— Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., I, p. 173—
describes subfasciatus. A well known species.
1824. Germar— Ins. Sp., p. 560— describes picturatus. Our
interpretation of this species is not entirely certain; it is of
rare occurrence.
i[It is the author's wish that the cmend(><l form of the '^merk name be
used, but it is done contrary to the judgment and practice of the Publication
Committee of the Society. Ed.]
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
J
296 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
1825. Say — Amer, Ent., II, PI. 28 — othonus; common, and
familiar to all collectors.
1838. Randall — Boston Jour. Nat. Hist., II, p. 46 — describes
marginaticollis. A synonym of othonus Say.
1840. Newman — Mag. Nat. Hist., IV, p. 250 — describes limba-
tus. This name is preoccupied by Menetries (1836) for a
species from Asia Minor; discoideus Bowditch (1909) replaces
it.
1841. Newman — Entomologist, p. 78 — describes sparsiis which
has been declared to be the same as femoratus Oliv.
1843. Mannerheim — Bull. Mosc, II, p. 311 — describes sig-
iiatijrons. The first species from the Pacific coast to receive
a name.
1847. Melsheimer— Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ill, pp. 170-
172 — describes in the following order — m-nigrum, atomarius,
trinotatus, aesculi, pectoralis, hepaticus, tridens, flavicornis.
Of these, aesculi and flavicornis are slight varieties of luridus
and tridens respectively. The others are all more or less
common in the North Atlantic Coast region, though atoma-
rius and pectoralis are usually wrongly identified in collec-
tions.
1849. Haldeman — Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2d Series, I, pp.
257-263 — describes punctatus (^hepaticus Melsh.), morosus
( = pubescens Oliv.), carhonarius, infaustus ( = atomarius
Melsh.), sohrinus and mollis { = tridens Melsh.).
1853. Suffrian — Linn. Ent., VII — describes a large number of
species from the United States, Mexico and the West Indies.
Many of these have remained unknown to American stu-
dents, but the recent loan to Mr. Bowditch and myself of
certain types from the Suffrian collection has enabled us to
clear up much of this uncertainty. I give below in the order
of their description the species occurring (so far as known)
in our fauna, with some notes as to our present knowledge
of them.
haematodes. Described from Mexico, but known to us from
the states along the Mexican border.
pulvinatus. Identified with certainty from a type sent by
Dr. Taschenberg of Halle.
varicolor. Determined by comparison with specimens sent
H. C. FALL 297
me from the British Museum Collection, identified by
Jacoby who had seen Suffrian's type. Renidens Lee.
and laevicollis Bowd. are not distinct from these Jacobyan
specimens.
dilatatus. Confused with siibfasciatiis in all American col-
lections. A type recently sent me by Dr. Taschenberg
enables me to fix the species with certainty; it is thus
far very rare in collections.
bajulus. Identified from specimens sent me by Mr. Cahan
from the British Museum Collection and determined by
Jacoby from Suffrian's type.
charaderisticus. Recently identified from Suffrian type.
oculatus. A type sent to Bowditch seems not to be separable
from sobjinus Hald.
spumarius. A male type from the Suffrian Collection was
sent to Bowditch, and lately a female type to me. An
interval of six years has dulled my remembrance of the
former and I do not feel sure that the two are identical.
I am Inising the species on the female type but I feel that
there is still some uncertainty here.
wipurus. Identity established from type.
melanostictus. Identity established from type.
peccans. Identity established from type.
xanthias. Identity established from type.
obsoletus. Of this we have seen no type, and my interpre-
tation is open to doubt. As I have identified it, this is
the species which Haldeman erroneously took for the
tridens of Melsheimer.
conformis. Identity not established with certainty. I
have accepted as this species an example so labeled in the
LeConte Collection.
umhraculatus. Specimens from our Mexican Ijorder states
are identical with Mexican examples in the National
Museum Collection so labeled ))y Schwarz. Others from
the British Museum identified as umbracidatus by Jacoby
appear to be a nearly immaculate form of the same thing.
litigiosus. Well known for many years, though the name
has been somewhat promiscuously applied in collections.
1858. Suffrian— Linn. Ent. XU, pp. 401, 404, 406— describes
the following:
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
298 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
luctuosus. Identity established with reasonable certainty
from type.
albescens. A type from the Suffrian Collection shows this
to be the same as hivittatus Say.
pallidipennis. Identity established from type.
1858. LeConte — Proc. Acad. Nat. Soc. Phila., p. 84 — describes
livens and caelatus.
1861. LeConte — Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 357 — describes
analis.
1873. Crotch— Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 32— describes
xanti.
1874. Crotch— Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, V, pp. 78-79— describes
donneri and circumcinctus. Crotch's types are in the Le-
Conte Collection.
1880. LeConte— Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, VIII, p. 205-209—
makes the first attempt at a tabulation of our species.
Only 29 are thus treated, the remaining 20 or more being
listed at the end as too indefinite for tabulation. The fol-
lowing new species are made known:
striatus { = pallidipemiis Suffr.), virgatus, dubiosus, cruentus,
lustrans, renidens { = umbraculatus Suffr.), subvittatus,
iurhidus and hrevicollis.
1880. Jacoby — Biologia Centr.-Amer., Coleoptera, VI, Part I,
p. 72 — describes laticolUs from Mexico. Of this species, first
recognized by Bowditch from Brownsville, Tex., I have seen
typical examples, sent me by Mr. Gahan.
1889. Jacoby — Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleop., Part VI, Suppl.,
pp. 136 to 151 — describes from Mexico — thoracicus, marmo-
ratus, immaculatus, and sonorensis. Thoracicus is at once
recognizable from Jacoby 's figure; the other identifications
are due to Bowditch.
1909. Bowditch— Canadian Entomologist, XLI, pp. 237-244,
285-292, 312-324— describes a large number of North
American and a few Mexican species. The following are
those from our territory, listed in order of description:
brunneus jacohyi minor
wickhami mellitus lodingi
discoideus coloradensis marginipennis
marginatus densus punctatus
H. C. FALL
arizonensis
nuhilus
texanus
signatus
longus
pusilliis
sanrita
proximus
rotundicollis
snowi
truncatus
atomus
crassus
nero
C07lfuSUS
cylindricus
sevier
varians
tumidus
laevis
croftus
laevicoUis
299
Of these I have seen types, cotypes or topotypes of all
except discoideus, which is represented solely l)y tho unique
type in the Snow Collection. From the description I am
quite positive it is only a slight variant of what we have
long known as Uruhatus Newm., but as Xewman's name is
preoccupied by Menetries (1836), discoideus becomes the
name of the species. Sevier also seems to be not distinct
from curolinensis; atottuis is in my opinion a form of atoma-
rius; rotundicollis I believe to be the true abdominalis of
Say; and laevicoUis is nearly typical renidens Lee. which in
turn is not separable from the older varicolor of Suffrian.
1910. Bowditch— Can. Ent., XLII, pp. 53-56— describes notatus,
carolinensis and shasta. Of these the unique type of notatus
is in the Snow Collection and the species is unknown to me.
Shasta is a maculate form of punctatus Bowd.
1910. Blatchley— Coleoptera of Indiana pp. 1127. 1130— de-
scribes elegans and sticticus. The former name is preoccu-
pied by Graells— Mem. Acad. Madrid, 1851, p. 153— and the
species has been renamed praeclarus by Weise ( Wien. Ent.
Zeit., 1913, p. 219). Sticticus, I am convinced, is the same
as sobrinus Hald.
Generic Affinities
The only genera of the Cryptocephalini with which Pachybra-
chys might by any possibility be confused are Crypiocephalus and
Griburius.^ Of these, Cryptocephalus is separable with certainty
by a number of structural differences; Pachybrachys and Gribu-
riiis are, however, very closely allied, and while the latter, by
its comparatively large size, very robust body and regular series
2 The use of the name Scolochrus Suffr. in place of the older Grihurius Hald.
by European author-s is entirely unwarranted.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
300 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
of elytral punctures possesses quite a distinct facies, there are
really scarcely any constant taxonomic characters by which they
maj^ be separated. The prosternal character given in the Le-
Conte & Horn Classification is not constant, and that given by
Suffrian — ''prosternum sulcate" in Pachybrachys and "feebly
longitudinally tumid at middle in Grihurius" is open to the same
criticism. In the rather slender material in Grihnrius in my own
collection, including five native species, I note that the tibiae are
completelj'- unarmed at tip in the males of all species, and in
both sexes of some. Whether or not this holds true in the numer-
ous Mexican species I know not, but the character may be useful
in our own fauna at least. The following table presents the
characters observed for separating the three genera in question.
Prothorax not margined at base, the edge finely crenulate; anterior margin of
prosternum prominent at middle, the intercoxal process impresso-emarginate
at tip with more or less sharply prominent angles; front thighs not incrassate,
tibiae without terminal spurs. Cryptocephalus
Prothorax margined at base, the edge not crenulate ; anterior margin of proster-
num sinuate at middle, intercoxal process not emarginate at tip ; front thighs
incrassate (except hepaticus group).
Prosternum often flat or feebly tumid along the median line, intercoxal
process longer, cordate pointed, the angle narrowly rounded; all tibiae
unarmed in the c?- Griburius
Prosternum sulcate, intercoxal process less produced, the apex more ob-
tusely but more sharply angulate; middle tibiae with terminal spur in both
sexes (except hepaticus group). Pachybrachys
Review of Structural Characters Useful in Taxonomy
In order to avoid a considerable amount of circumlocution and
useless repetition in the systematic part of the work, it will be
profitable before proceeding to the tables and specific descrip-
tions to pass in review the various parts of the body, pointing out
those characters which are of value in the separation of species,
as well as those which from their universality or individual
variability are of little use in this respect, and may therefore in
great part be omitted from the descriptions.
General form. — The form of body throughout the genus does
not vary greatly and may be dcs('ril)ed as short, compact, sub-
cylindrical. The ratio of length to width averages about 100 to
56, varying, according to measurements made, from 100 to 48
in a particularly slender male of sobrinus, to 100 to 63 in an
H. C. FALL 301
especially robust xanti. Unless the form is either exceptionallj'
elongate or robust, no mention will be made of it in the descrip-
tions.
Head. — The head is relatively larger and less deeply inserted
in the prothorax than in Cryptocephalus, always visible from
above, varying in width from slightly more than half that of the
prothorax to very nearly that of the latter, the extremes being
represented in but very few species. In a large majority of
species the eyes are not appreciably more prominent than the
anterior thoracic angles, or in other words, a line continuing
the side margins of the prothorax at the front angles would pass
tangent to the eyes or very nearly so. In a small number of
species the eyes are distinctly more prominent and would be in-
tersected by the produced side margins of the prothorax. These
differences are covered in the descriptions by such expressions as
"head not wider than the thoracic apex," or "eyes more promi-
nent than the thoracic angles." The front is nearly flat or broadly
feebly convex in all species, the median line more or less impressed,
especially toward the vertex. The punctuation is uniform
throughout in a few species, but as a rule is denser on the vertex,
in and adjacent to the median line, and about the base of the
antennae. As the punctures are nearly always of some shade of
brown or blackish, it follows naturally that the more densely punc-
tate areas are darker in color, and in fact determine the position
of what are called in the descriptions the standard markings.
As a corollary of this proposition it follows that the uniformly
punctate head is unicolorous, but it should be remarked that the
converse of this is not necessarily true.
Ocular lines. — In all species there is a more or less distinct
impressed line around and contiguous to the upper margin of the
eye. This impressed line, in the majority of species, continues
strictly marginal around the upper lobe of the eye and ])ccomes
gradually evanescent in the emargination; but in many species
the groove around the upper margin diverges more or less from
the eye and is continued on the front between the upper lobes as
an impressed line of punctures gradually disappearing inferiorly.
These two conditions are indicated in the descriptions l)y the
expressions "front with (or without) ocular lines," or more
briefly "ocular lines present" — "or wanting." This character,
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
302 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
though seemingly trivial, is unusually constant, seldom difficult
to interpret, and of great value in the tabulation of the species.
Eyes. — The eyes vary greatly specificallj^ in size and degree of
approximation and are therefore of very great aid in classification.
In order to make full use of them, however, it is necessary to
express their distance asunder more exactly than by the terms
"near" or "remote" as hitherto, and I have for this purpose
chosen as a standard of comparison either the length of the basal
joint of the antennae, or the vertical width of the upper lobe of
the eye. In the greater number of species the eyes in the male
are separated by a distance from one to two times the length of
the basal antennal joint. If the distance be less than the length
of the basal joint the eyes may properly be called near, and if
greater than twice the length of this joint they may be called
remote; these terms, however, are not much used in the following
descriptions. It should be remembered that since the width of
the front between the eyes is measured in terms of the length of
the basal antennal joint of the insect itself, and since the length
of this joint is often somewhat greater in the male than in the
female, the results cannot be directly compared.
Antennae. — These organs are remarkably uniform in structure,
and aside from some variation in length and thickness offer very
little in the way of specific differences. In the aberrant mic-
rops the antennae are sensibly thickened externally, but in all
other species they are virtually filiform. The first joint is
always stouter, more or less broadly oval; the second somewhat
similar in form but much smaller; third more slender and longer
than the second, gradually wider apically; the next two or three
similar but increasing in length, the outer five or six subequal in
length, the tenth usually visibly shorter; the eleventh appendicu-
late. In hepaticus and microps these organs are scarcely half
as long as the body in the male, while in males of Ivridus, trinota-
tus, nuhilus and several others they are nearly or quite as long
as the body. In the great majority of species the antennae are
about three-fourths the length of the body in the male, the
length — with very few exceptions — being somewhat shorter in
the female. In the descriptions following, the length in terms of
the body is usually given, and frequently the length of the tenth
joint in terms of the width, this ratio being a fair index of the
H. C. FALL 303
degree of slenderness of the organ. Other details would be of
little use and largely a matter of repetition.
Prothorax. — The form of the prothorax varies somewhat but
is not of much use in the separation of species. It is more or
less wider than long in all species, and is nearly always distinctly
widened posteriorly, but in a few species, e. g., quadratus, the
base is scarcely wider than the apex. There is a definite basic
color scheme which will be alluded to below, and it may be said
here as of the head, that the darker areas arc more closely punc-
tate. The density and coarseness of punctuation naturally
varies consideraljly in so large a genus, but in only one respect
have I found it signally useful in tabulating the species. In a
large majority of species the punctuation becomes distinctly
sparser or almost disappears along the side margins, ))ut in quite
a number of forms the surface is nearly equally densely punctured
to the extreme margins.
Elytra. — The only important characters drawn from tlie elytra
aside from the markings are those of punctuation. In the most
completely striate forms, of which pdUidipennis is the best
example, there are a sutural, marginal and eight discal striae on
each elytron. The sutural stria diverges oljliquely from the
suture anteriorly and within it in the scutellar region arc one or
two short lines of punctures which are, however, in most species
quite irregular or completely confused. In the following descrip-
tions the discal striae only are nundDcred, that next to the sutural
being called the first, and the one next within the marginal the
eighth or submarginal stria. From the completely striate paUidi-
pennis to the entirely confusedly punctate microps there is every
intermediate stage of regularity or irregularity of strial develop-
ment. In the vast majority of species the striae are, in part at
least, more or less obvious, the eighth being most persistent, while
fragments at least of some of the others are visible on the decliv-
ity. The first discal stiia diverges from the suture anteriorly
as does the sutural one, and both arc often lost in the confused
punctuation of what I have called the baso-sutural region or
triangle. In very many species the first stria suffers either a
gradual or an abrupt displacement toward the suture, at or al)Out
the middle of the elytra, enclosing between it and th(> second
stria at this point a small area which Mr. Bowditch has called the
TKAXS. AM. KN'T. SOC, XLI.
304 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
shield. This area is usually a little elevated, often quite small,
and in many species suboljsolete or completely wanting. In
the great bulk of more or less obviously striate species, striae
three, four, seven and eight are most likely to be well developed
or entire, while five and six are very often broken or confused at
and in front of the middle, remaining distinct in their posterior
half. In most species there is a sinuation, displacement or
confusion of the punctures of the eighth stria just behind the
humerus, which I have spoken of in the descriptions as the sub-
basal interruption of the eighth stria. A character of some value
exists in the punctuation of the marginal interspace, this being
virtually free from punctures in numerous species, while in many
others it is variablj^ punctate.
Body beneath. — No characters of any moment have been drawn
from the under body, the structure, sculpture and vestiture being
sensibly uniform throughout.
Legs. — The front thighs are distinctly incrassate in all species
except the aberrant hepaticus and niicrops, in which, moreover,
the tibiae are entirely without apical spurs. In all our other
species the middle tibiae are armed with a slender apical spur.
The front tibiae are armed with a somewhat thicker and shorter
spur except in a very few species — m-nigrum, trinotatus and
pidvinatus — in which it appears to be wanting. The hind tibiae
are unarmed except in three of the pubescent species — viz.,
pubescens, haematodes and integratus. The front claws are in
many species obviously larger than those of the middle and hind
feet. This is especially noticeable in the males, but is in these
species also detectable in the females. In many others there is
scarcely any difference in the size of the claws, though careful
comparison will almost always show the front ones to be a trifle
larger.
Vestiture.- — Some fourteen species have the upper as well as the
under surface distinctly pubescent, and these are naturally
tabulated together as a group. Of the remaining species, one
only — fortis — shows any appreciable signs of pubescence above.
Color and Markings. — The typical Pachybrachys is of some shade
of yellow, with markings of black or brown, which — following
Bowditch — I have called the standard spots. These are as
follows: On the head, a vertex spot — usually transverse — an
H. C. FALL 305
elongate frontal spot, often connected with the one on the vertex
and usually forked inferiorly, a branch extending on either side
to the antennal fovea, the branches not infrequently interrupted,
leaving an isolated antennal spot. In a reduction of the markings
the antennal spots first disappear, then the frontal one, and finally
the vertex spot, which is rarely entirely lacking. On the other
hand all spots may become larger and by suffusion the entire
surface becomes dark, the entire obliteration of the pale color
from the head being, however, of rare occurrence. On the pro-
thorax there are three standard spots extending forward from
the base a variable distance, the middle one divided anteriorly and
joining the lateral ones, forming an M-shaped mark, which in
descriptions is briefly called the M. Here bj' reduction the spots
become smaller and disconnected, finally disappearing at the
base; or on the other hand they may become nuicli heavier,
leaving only two basal spots, a narrow median anterior line, the
outer margin — wider at the front angles — and the anterior mar-
gin, pale; or they may be irregularly developed and suffused, and
finally the whole surface becomes black. On the elytra the stand-
ard spots are six in number; an outer marginal or submarginal
series of three, and a corresponding discal series of like number.
Not rarely the spots are all more or less completely isolated or
individually distinct; in a few species the spots of each series are
longitudinally confluent into more or less regular vittae, but in a
far greater number they are more or less unequally developed
and irregularly confluent both longitudinally and transversely,
giving rise to a mottled appearance difficult to describe, and often
so variable within specific limits that it can only be characterized
as one of the broadly typical varieties of the standard markings.
Pygidium. — Blackish with a small marginal pale spot each
side and two obliquely oval apical spots of variable size, often
confluent with each other and with the small lateral spots. By
a reduction of the pale spots the surface may become entirely
black, or by their extension the black area is reduced to a basal
band produced backward a little at its extremities and having
a median cusp-like prominence, and in a few species the surface
becomes entirely pale.
Body heloiv. — Blackish or brownish, usually with the epimera,
sides of the abdomen and last ventral segment paler.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
306 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
Appendages. — The antennae are rarely entirely yellow or
entirely black; typically they are pale basally with the first two
joints more or less blackish on the upper side, and the outer four
to six joints more or less dusky or blackish. Legs yellow with the
tarsi dusky, tibiae with a dark apical or subapical cloud, the
femora with a median dark spot or ring. By reduction the legs
may become entirely pale, while by an extension of the dark
marks they become black with the extremities of the femora and
bases of the tibiae narrowl}^ pale — and more rarely entirely
black.
Sexual characters. — In common with most Coleoptera the males
are, on the average, smaller and less robust than the females.
The abdomen in the male is flat or more or less concave in pro-
file, the last ventral fiat or broadly feebly impressed; in the
female the abdomen is convex beneath, the last segment with a
deep rounded fovea. With few exceptions the antennae are
obviously longer in the male; the basal joint is also often some-
what larger in this sex, but these organs are not otherwise modi-
fied sexually in our species.^ The terminal joint of the maxillary
palpi is in many species more widely truncate at apex in the male;
the front tibiae are modified at apex in two species, the front
tarsi are sometimes visibly broader, while the front claws are
slightly to c^uite strongly enlarged in numerous species in this
sex. In the female the terminal joint of the maxillary palpi is
pointed with the tip narrowly truncate as a rule, and the front
claws are usually just visibly larger than those of the four posterior
feet. The hind thighs are in general more elongate in the males
according to Jacob^y, but I am inclined to believe this is more
apparent than real, the thighs seeming to be shorter in the female
because of the greater length of the ventral surface in this sex.
As a result, they attain the last segment in the female, while they
reach the abdominal apex in the male. There is obvious a
general tendency to a broader, more suffused maculation in the
female, as well as a denser more confused punctuation.
The tabulation of the grcuit number of species involved in this
revision, even in the imperfect way in which it has been accom-
plished, has proven a very difficult task. Just as was found to l)e
'The tcniiinal joint is somewliat dilated in the male of laticolUs.
H. C. FALL 307
the case in a recent review of our species of Diplotaxis, so in
Pachyhrachys there seem to be ahnost no characters which afford
the means of divichng the genus into natural groups. As in
Diplotaxis, so here, a small number of species — less than one-
tenth of the whole number — are separable with certainty by-
reason of the pubescent upper surface. Two other species —
hepaficus and microps — are differentiated by good characters,
but the great mass of species seems incapable of further reduction
in this manner. In this great complex of species I have been
forced to adopt color as a basis for primary grouping, and this
notwithstanding the fact that color — in its smaller details —
is the most variable of all the characters used. In the l)roader
sense, however, it is quite serviceable, and it is usuall}- possible
for even the inexperienced student to decide whether his speci-
men should be looked for among the black, the yellow, the vitiate
or the maculate species. The great difficulty comes of course in
the last named group, for here the variation may be so great that
individuals of the same species may be referred to either the
black, variegated or yellow groups. This difficulty has been in
large measure overcome by tabulating in more than one group
those species known to be except ionably variable. It has
manifestly not been possible to provide for all contingencies of
this sort, and it would therefore be well if the student doss not
find his species in the group in which it would appear to belong
to try the next most probable group before giving up the search.
In the reading of the specific descriptions which follow, it
must be remembered that there are no fixed characters; every-
thing wdthout exception is subject to individual variation. The
study is really a most difficult one and the student nuist not
expect to be able at all times to identify uniques, expecially if
they be females. Even with a good series and considerable ex-
perience the problem will often be difficult enough.
It is hoped that the short diagnosis before the more detailed
descriptions will prove of service by enabling the student to
very quickly decide upon the possibility, or at least probability,
of that particular species being the one in hantl. The average
length given in the short diagnosis is in general that of either a
large male or a small female, and of course will serve only as a
general guide, the actual known limits of size being given at the
TRAXS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
308 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
end of the detailed description. Unless otherwise stated, all types
are in the author's collection.
Table of Groups
Front thighs not at all stouter; tibiae completely unarmed; eyes
very small and remote Group F
Front thighs always thickened; middle tibiae always, and front
tibiae except very rarely, with terminal spur; eyes large and
less remote.
Upper surface distinctly pubescent Group A
Upper surface glabrous or virtually so.
Species wholly or in great part yellow or testaceous, the
legs never entirely black; thoracic M not sharply defined
(except palUdipennis) though often faintly or vaguely
indicated by diffuse brownish clouds; punctures usually
of some shade of brown; elytra with rare exceptions with-
out dorsal cloud or traces of standard spots. . . .Group B
Species yellow or testaceous with black or brown markings
representing the standard spots, the markings varying
greatly in development, both by reduction and extension,
and often irregularly confluent or confusedly mottled.
Group C
Species having the elytra more or less distinctly vittate.
Group D
Species wholly or in great part black, the pale areas gener-
ally few and small, but in a few species more extensive
and definitely arranged Group E
Table of Species
Group A
Pubescent species
The group character possessed by all the species here included,
is so definite as to need no elucidation. In only one species
(fortis) of the following groups have I observed any appreciable
pubescence on the upper surface, and there it is so sparse and
inconspicuous as to easily escape notice.
1. Hind tibiae without terminal spin- 2
Hind tibiae with slender terminal .spur.
Elytral punctuation completely confused, ej^es widely distant.
H. C. FALL 309
Sides of prothorax less rounded, pubescence shorter and less con-
spicuous, color entirely black 1. pubescens
Sides of prothorax more rounded posteriorly, pubescence longer and
more conspicuous, color black, frequently with diffuse rufous mark-
ings 2. haematodes
Elyt.ral punctuation in part serially arranged; color yellowish with broad
diffuse brown or fuscous markings; eyes ahnost in contact in the a^.
o. integratus
2. Eyes contiguous in cf •"). vigilans
Eyes not in contact.
Pubescence unusually dense, obscuring or nearly concealing t he sculpture
of the head or prothorax or both.
Head not much narrower than the prothorax; black, cl\H:i with
fulvous markings ti. wickhami
Head much narrower than the prothorax; black, ])r()thorax red in
posterior thiixl or fourth 7. thoracicus
Pubescence much sparser, not conceahng the scidjjture 3
3. Prothorax without trace of median smooth line 4
Prothorax with narrow- entire or subentire smooth median line.
Prothorax with sides more rounded, not or scarcely wider at base than
at basal third.
Black, side margins of prothorax and humeral and apical margins
of elytra yellow, the disk also frequently with pale markings; more
rarely in great part pale S. analis
Rufo-testaceous with faint rufous or livid clouds, which are rarely
more pronounced; eyes as a rule less widely separated . .9. desertus
Prothorax conical, widest at base, sides less rounded.
Rufo-testaceous, the prothoracic M faintly indicated by brownish
shades, interstitial punctures of the elj-tra coarser and n.ore muiier-
ous; form stouter as a rule 10. xanti
Fulvo-testaceous, prothoracic M black and sharply outlined, rarely
fainter; elytra either entirely yellow or with blackish markings
which vary much in extent and intensity, interstitial punctures finer
and less numerous; form a little less robust as a rule.
11. marmoratus
4. Surface pohshed throughout; rufo-testaceous, elytra with subsutural and
marginal black stripes, which are connected narrowly along the base and
more broadlj- along the declivity ■!• connesrus
Surface alutaceous and more or less strongly opaque.
Testaceous, with faint diffuse darker shades, the latter sometimes more
pronounced and occasionally involving the entire disk of both thorax
and elji^ra except a narrow pale external margin; eyes in the d^ sepa-
rated by about I5 times the length of the basal antennal joint.
14. brunneus
Black, side margin of jirothorax and occasionally of the elytra, csix'cially
at the humeri, pale, disk rarely feebly and obscvu-ely varied with i)ale;
eyes in the cf separated by much more than twice the lengtii of the
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
310 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
basal antennal joint, their distance asunder nearly equalling the verti-
cal length of the eye 12. donneri
Color similar to donneri, except that the discal pale markings are more
conspicuous; eyes in the cf separated by twice the length of the basal
antennal joint, the distance obviously less than the vertical length of the
eye; prothoracic punctuation finer 13. uteanus
Group B
(Starred species (*) are tabulated in more than one group.)
This group includes those species which are — so far as our
experience goes — normally almost entirely yellow or testaceous,
at least so far as the elytra are concerned. In diversus and
petronius the elytra are sometimes more or less suffused with
brown along the suture, but seemingly always without lateral
spots. In tacitus the brown color of the punctures may also
become suffused along the striae posteriorly, forming incipient
markings, while in pundatus * (especially in the female), con-
victus* suhlimatus* nuhilus* conspirator* caelatus * and tnitis,
specimens have been seen with some of the elytral markings
more or less developed, though these are usually quite small and
inconspicuous.
1. Prothorax with broad heavily marked black M; size rather large (3.5 to 4..5
mm.); elytral striae all regular and entire 138. pallidipennis
Prothoracic M never black and sharply defined; elytral striation les.s perfect,
often very imperfect or wanting 2
2. Prothorax as wide at base as the base of the elytra (at least in the 9),
strongly narrowed in front; punctuation very much finer than that of the
elytra 15. purus
Prothorax often very nearly but never with the basal width absolutely equal
to that of the elytra 3
3. Prothorax and elytra with a more or less evident secondary system of fine
rather sparse interstitial punctures 16. mellitus
Prothorax and elytra without obvious interstitial punctuation (a few very
minute punctures are detectable — especially on the prothorax — of certain
species) 4
4. Marginal interspace of the elytra more or less conspicuously punctate, the
submarginal (8th) stria often ill defined or even completely confused with
the punctures of the interspace 5
Marginal interspace of elytra either impunctatc or at most with a few punc-
tures at or near the post-humeral interruption of the 8th stria 11
5. Front with ocular lines 6
Front without ocular lines 9
6. Front claws of cf not appreciably larger than those of the middle and hind
feet "
Front claws of tf obviously enlarged 8
H. C. FALL 311
7. Submarginal stria of elytra fairly regular, the marginal interspace nearly
or quite devoid of punctures in apical half; prothorax more narrowed in
front and more rounded on the sides; eyes not more prominent than the
anterior angles of the prothorax; elytral shield well develojied; ocular lines
quite near the eyes 20. immaculatus
Submarginal stria of elytra less regular, often completely undefined or con-
fused with the punctures of the marginal interspace, which is punctured
from base to apex; sides of prothorax straighter and less convergent in front •
eyes more prominent; ocular hues more distant from the eyes; elytral shield
feebly indicated or entirely w'anting.
Eyes in c? separated by more than twice the length of the basal anteniial
joint; color pale whitish yellow, size larger (3 to 4 mm.) . . IS. jacobyi
Eyes in c? separated by about twice the length of the basal antennal
joint, color darker, more dingy yellow, size smaller (IJ to 2J mm.).
19. densus
8. Sutural edge, and usually the posterior two-thirds of the outer marginal
edge of the elytra very narrowly blackish; front claws of d" rath.er si roiigly
enlarged 22. marginipennis
Sutural edge blackish, margin not at all so.
Front claws of d^ not very strongly enlarged though ob\-iously so, elytral
shield nearly or quite absent 23. punctatus
Elytra maculate with black var. shasta*
Front claws of cf quite strongly enlarged; punctuation somewhat coarser,
the elytral striae better defined and more impressed; elytral shield
evident 24. convietus
Sutural edge not darker; front claws of cf obviously but not stronglj- en-
larged; elytral lobe nearly or quite devoid of the usual marginal series of
punctures 2.o. arizonensis
9. Integuments poKshed 29. mercurialis \ ar.
Integuments alutaceous and not shining 10
10. Eyes much more distant in both sexes than the vertical width of their
upper lobes.
Submarginal stria of elytra impressed, regular 2(). lodingi
Submarginal stria of elytra not distinctly impressed, the punctures con-
fused 129. sublimatus^
Eyes less distant in the cf , but not in the 9 , than the vertical width of their
upper lobes Gl. impurus var. xanthus
Eyes less distant in both sexes than the vertical width of their ujiper lobes.
27. placidus
11. Submarginal interspace of elytra more or less prominent or subcostifonn;
size rather large (3^ to 4 mm.) 127. liebecki
Submarginal interspace of elytra not i)rominently convex 12
12. Eyes of ? separated by fully twice the length of the basal antennal joint 13
Eyes of 9 separated by barely twice the length of the basal antennal
joint 21
Ej^es of 9 separated by about l-J times the length of the basal antennal
joint; front without ocular hues 41. crassus
TR.\NS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
312 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
Eyes of 9 separated by the length of the basal antennal joint or scarcely
more; front with feeble ocular lines 42. longus
13. Front claws of cf not appreciably larger than those of the middle and hind
feet 14
Front claws of cf evidently larger than the others 20
14. Front without ocular lines 15
Front with more or less distinct ocular lines 18
15. Integuments poUshed; front as a rule more sparsely punctate 16
Integuments finely alutaceous, scarcely shining; front more closely
punctate 17
16. Labrum rather deeply emarginate; form more robust; elytra more con-
spicuously wider at base than the prothorax; color deeper yellow, size
larger 17. xantholucens
Labrum broadly feebly sinuato-truncate; form less robust, humeri less
broadly exposed, size smaller.
Eyes in cf separated by fully twice the length of the basal antennal joint ;
antennae (cT) not quite so long, the 10th joint scarcely 3 times as long
as wide; elytral striae more regular 29. mercurialis
Eyes in (f separated by about If times the length of the basal an-
tennal joint; antennae (d^) nearly as long as the entire body, the 10th
joint 4 times as long as wide 124. nubilus*
Eyes in <^ separated by about If times the length of the basal an-
tennal joint; antennae as in nubilus; elytral striae more broken and
confused 125. conspirator*
17. Prothoracic M diffuse but nearly complete, punctuation of elytra coarser
and less confused, size smaller 31. mitis
Prothoracic M represented by three small basal spots, of which the lateral
ones are often faint; punctures of elytra finer, more numerous and more
confused 30. parvinotatus
18. Eyes separated by fully 3 times the length of the basal antennal joint in
the cf; front polished, ocular lines fine; color pale whitish yellow.
32. coloradensis
Eyes separated by from 2 to 2f times the length of the basal antennal
joint in the cf ; ocular lines very distinct.
Prothorax with a usually nearly parallel and entire rufo-testaceous stripe
occupying the middle third 28. livens
Prothorax without median darker stripe 33. minor
Eyes separated by about If times the length of the basal antennal joint
in the cT 19
19. Elytral striae nearly regular throughout, confused only in a small scutellar
area; prothorax small, sides nearly straight 34. nero
Elytral striae badly broken or contorted at the middle of the disk.
Prothorax a little shorter and more transverse, median spot narrowly
divided apically; striae finer, elytra with seemingly no tendency to lat-
eral maculation but with the suture often darker 35. petronius
Prothorax slightly less transverse, sides a trifle more rounded, median
spot less narrowly divid(Hl; lateral spots of elytra sometimes imlicated;
striae less fine, more imjiressed 36. tacitus
H. C. FALL 313
20. Front with ocular lines.
Prothorax a little larf^(>r and more rounded on the .sides; eyes very
slightly more distant; sutural edge blackish 37. abdominalis
Prothorax smaller, sides less rounded; eyes slightly less distant : elytral
suture not or scarcely darker SH. di versus
Front without ocular lines 7G. caelatus*
21. Front wit-h fine ocular lines; front claws of cf not apprecial)ly larger.
•'!•'. pusillus
Front witliout ocular lines; front claws of o" very large . 4U. macronychus
Group C
(Starred species (*) are tabulated in more than one group.)
In this, the central and largest group of the genus, there is
great variation in the extent of maculation, and consequently
in the relative proportions of the dark and pale areas. In vittati-
coUis, fractus, varicolor* fortis, alacris, caelatus * nubilus * and
conspirator* the elytra are — at least in some individuals — almost
entirely yellow; while in ivenzeU* signatifrons* mdanostictus,
vestigialis* colifornicus* pinguescens* varicolor * and luciuosus,
the elytra may become almost entirely black. Tabulation has
proved especially difficult in some parts of this series, and the
student may fairly expect to find it hard at times to decide which
line to follow. In such cases, both alternatives may have to be
tested, and final judgment based upon the detailed descriptions.
A'otatus Bowd. is for the present placed near pinguescens in
the table. I have not seen the unique type, and a letter of in-
quiry concerning it to Prof. S. J. Hunter, in charge of the Snow
Collection, l)rings the information that both front tarsi arc miss-
ing, hence the impossibility of placing it with certainty in the
scheme here adopted.
1. Eyes in the cf separated by a flistance less than th(> length of the basal
antennal joint {alacris tentativel}' placed, cf not 3^et known) 2
Eyes in the cf separated bj' a distance equal to or greater than the length
of the basal antennal joint, but not greater (usually distinct Ij' less) than
the length of the first two joiiats 6
Eyes in the cf separated by a distance greater than the length of the basal
two joints of the antennae (not at all greater in one example of roboris,
scarcely so in californicus and onlj- slightly greater in precaritts) 18
2. Front claws of d' very small, not at all larger than those of the middle and
hind feet. (Arizona.) 43. buUatus
Front claws of d' more or less enlarged 3
TR.\NS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
314 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
3. Front tibiae of c? sinuate on the inner margin at the apex and with a long
hook-like spur or process at the inner angle.
Eyes separated in the d" by about f , and in the 9 by barely the length
of the basal antennal joint ; size smaller (2.4 to 2.8 mm.). (Brownsville,
Texas.) 44. texanus
Eyes separated in the d" by about f , and in the 9 by just visibly more
than the length of the basal antennal joint; size larger (2.9 to 3.5 mm.).
(Arizona.) 45. uncinatus
Front tibiae sinuate on the inner margin beyond the middle in both sexes.
(New England to Illinois.) 46. pectoraUs
Front tibiae umnodified 4
4. Front with ocular hues; form narrower. (Eastern United States.)
47. sobrinus
Front without ocular lines; form generally stouter 5
5. Antennae less slender, the 10th joint (c?) not more than three times as long
as wide.
Intermediate elytral striae broken and irregular. (Arizona.)
48. contractifrons
Elytral striae nearly regular. (Arizona.) 49. alacris
Antennae more slender, the 10th joint (o") five times as long as wide; front
claws of cf very large.
Punctuation throughout sparse except in the small darker pronotal
markings; elytral punctuation very irregularly disposed, the submargi-
nal and some short fragments of striae on the declivity alone evident.
(Arizona.) 50. chaoticus
Punctuation of pronotiun dense throughout the broad suffused darker
areas; elytra moderately nmnerously punctate, the striae better defined.
(Lower California.) 52. peninsularis*
6. Front claws of cf very distinctly enlarged 7
Front claws of cf not or but little enlarged 10
7. Sides of prothorax widely impunctate along the margin 51. peitatus
Sides of prothorax narrowly impunctate along the margin S
Sides of prothorax not or scarcely smoother, the punctuation extending
nearly or quite to the extreme margin 9
8. Eyes in the cf separated by a distance subequal to the length of the basal
antennal joint.
Size large (about 4 mm.); prothorax strongly rounded and inflated at
sides posteriorly. (Texas.) 53. turgidicoUis
Size much smaller (2f mm.); prothorax normally rounded at sides.
Florida.) 54. illectus
Eyes in the cf separated by I3 to 1| times the length of the basal antennal
joint (a little more widely in some punctaius).
Front without ocular lines.
Pale yellow, markings faint, those of the elytra represented by faint
lateral spots only; head a little wider than the thoracic apex. (Utah.)
55. proximus
Markings larger and darker, the standard spots all present, head not
wider than the thoracic apex. (Arizona.) 56. nunenmacheri
H. C. FALL 315
Front with fine ocular lines which are rather near the ej-es; males nor-
mally entirely yellow, rarely with traces of spots, females more often
spotted (see table B). (California.)
23. punctatus*, especially var. shasta
24. convictus*
9. Antennae more slender and elongate, the 10th joint four to five times as
long as wide.
Eyes in cf separated by scarcely or but little more than the length of the
basal antennal joint; prothorax pale yellow with faint brown markings;
size large (4 to 5 mm.). (Arizona.) 57. fortis
Eyes in cf separated by about the length of the basal two joints of the
antennae; prothorax in great part black as in typical luridus; size
smaller (3 to 4 mm.). (Minnesota to Arizona.)
150. luridus* var. festivus
Antennae less elongate, the 10th joint two to three times as long as wide,
size medium (less than 31 mm.); eyes in the cf separated by \\ to rather
more than \\ times the length of the basal antennal joint.
Dull whitish yellow or dingy testaceous, thicklj' punctate, and more or
less suffused with brown to fuscous, the standard spots sometimes fairly
distinct but usually vaguely defined.
Marginal interspace of el>i;ra not wider posteriorly than the adjacent
one; punctures and shading fuscous or blackish, this color usually
predominating. (Atlantic and Gulf States.)
Legs bicolored 58. femoratus
Legs entirely dark var. aquilonis
Marginal interspace of elytra wider than the adjacent one (except
rarely), the punctures and shading brown, the pale yellowish white
or testaceous ground color predominant. (Florida.)
59. characteristicus
Rufo-testaceous, punctures and suffused areas reddish brown in the 9 ,
darker brown to fuscous in the cf (rarely so in the 9). (Mississippi
Valley.) 61. impurus
10. Front with ocular lines 11
Front without ocular lines 12
11. Eyes in c?' separated by about ^ the vertical width of their upper Iol)es;
size larger (2.8 to 3.4 mm.). (Texas; Arizona.) 62. calidus
Eyes in cf separated by a distance subequal to the vertical width of their
upper lobes; size smaller (2.3 to 3 mm.). (California; Arizona.)
64. prosopis
12. Marginal interspace of elytra numerously pimctate, size large (3.4 to 4.3
mm.) (Texas to Arizona.) 65. wenzeli*
Marginal interspace of elytra impunctate or nearly so 13
13. Front claws of d^ obviously though not conspicuously enlargetl; size large
(3.7 to 4.7 mm.) 14
Front claws of cf not appreciably enlarged; size small or moderate (2.3
to 3.3 mm.) 15
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
316 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
14. Lustre dull, prothorax very densely punctate, terminal joint of antennae
dilated in the c?; elytral striae deeply impressed. (Texas and Arizona.)
68. laticoUis
Lustre moderately shining, prothorax not very densely punctate, terminal
joint of antennae not dilated.
Elytral punctuation much confused, striae feebly impressed. (Arizona.)
66. snowi
Elytral punctuation more regular, striae rather deeply impressed.
(Kansas; Texas.) 67. turbidus
15. Eyes more narrowly separated in both sexes than the vertical width of
their upper lobes; elytra with a small but conspicuous blackish sutural
spot on the convexity. (Brownsville, Texas.) 69. duryi
Eyes in the 9 as widely separated at least as the vertical width of their
upper lobes ; elytra without conspicuous sutural spot on the convexity . . 16
16. Integuments polished 124. nubilus*
Integvnnents with more or less distinct alutaceous sculpture 17
17. Side margins of prothorax smooth, markings throughout black or nearly
so, and more sharply contrasting. (Texas.) 70. gracilipes
Side margins of prothorax punctate more or less completely; markings
brown to fuscous and less sharply defined.
Eyes in cf separated by fully 1| times the length of the basal anten-
nal joint; prothorax less densely punctured along the side margins.
(Atlantic States.) 71. confederatus
Eyes in the cf separated by scarcely more than the length of the basal
antennal joint; prothorax more densely punctured along the side mar-
gins. (Georgia.) 72. tybeensis
IS. Front tibiae of cf emarginate inwardly at apex and with a long si)iu--like
process at the inner angle 73. calcaratus
Front tibiae of cf unmodified 19
19. Front claws of cf strongly enlarged 20
Front claws of c? perceptibly larger than the others but in variable degree
(quite conspicuously so in badius and nubigenus, only very sUghtly so in
bajulus and delumbis) 22
Front claws of cf not appreciably enlarged (perceptibly larger in sribvittatus ,
presumably so in spumarius and quite distinctly so iu some examples of
roboris) 29
20. Prothoracic punctuation equally close to the extreme side margin (a little
smoother in those examples of caiifornicus having the side margins yellow) ;
predominant color black.
Elytral punctuation confused throughout; lustre dull. (Southern
States.) 149. confusus*
Elytra distinctly striate toward the sides and rear; lustre .strongly
shining 118. caiifornicus*
Prothoracic punctuation sparser or absent along the side margins 21
21. Prothorax fiiK^ly sparsely punctate, elytral striae mucli broken, color pre-
dominantly pale yellow, size rather large (3.3 to 4.3 mm.). (Arizona.)
74. cylindricus
H. C. FALL 317
Prothorax less finely and more densely punctate.
Size rather large (3.5 to 4 mm.); black markings heavy and more or
less broadly suffused.
Antennae with 10th joint (cf ) less than 3§ times as long as wide.
(Arizona.) [Species doubtfully placed.] 75. notatus
Antennae with 10th joint (cf ) four times as long as wide. (Arizona;
CaUfornia.) 119. pinguescens*
Size moderate (2.5 to 3.2 mm.); color i)redominantly yellow (except
rarely in caelatus).
Eyes separated by fully twice the length of the basal antennal joint
in the cf , and by nearly the entire length of the eye in the $ ; striae
nearly regular. (Texas to Cahfornia.) Tti. caelatus*
Eyes separated by much less than twice the length of the basal anten-
nal joint in the o"^, and much less than the length of the eye in
the 9 . (Texas.) 77. brevicollis
22. Front with ocular lines 23
Front with ocular lines faintly indicated and quite near the eyes; markings
black, variable; elytral striae generally ill-defined and feebly impressed;
front claws rather strongly enlarged. (California to Colorado.)
85. vacillatus
Front without ocular lines 26
23. Elytral punctuation largely confused, striae at sides and rear very irregular
or fragmentary; markings brown and diffuse, a posterior fascia some-
times conspicuous; ocular lines often feeble or subobsolete. (Texas to
Arizona.) 84. postfasciatus
El^^tra more or less distinctly striate at sides and rear 24
24. Punctures and markings of upper surface brown or rust colored, sometimes
becoming blackish on the elytral disk in the cf ; eyes in the cf separated
by a httle less than twice the length of the basal antennal joint.
Elytral striae much confused, only one or two outer striae and the api-
cal portions of the discal ones well defined; ocular lines quite near the
eyes; marginal interspace of elytra numerously punctate, size larger
(3.2 to 3.5 mm.). (California.) 78. nubigenus
Elj'tral striae fairly regular from base to apex in more than outer half;
ocular lines distant from the eyes; marginal interspace of elytra with
very few punctures; size smaller (2.5 mm.). (California.) . 79. punicus
Punctures and markings of upper surface entirely black or fuscous in
mature specimens (except possibly in some examples of signatus) 25
25. Front claws of c^ distinctly enlarged, perceptibly so in the 9 ; eyes in the
cf separated by barely twice the length of the basal antennal joint.
(Maine to British Columbia.) 81. peccans
Front claws of cf only shghtly larger, scarcely so in the 9 ; eyes of c'' sepa-
rated by fully twice the length of the basal antennal joint.
Markings very variable in development; front claws of cf a little more
obviously enlarged. (Pacific States.) SO. melanostictus
Black, yellow markings few and small; front claws of o' \ery little en-
larg(>d. (California.) 82. signatifrons*
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
318 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
Yellow, with median thoracic stripe and posterior elytral fascia black-
ish; front claws of cf but little enlarged. (Arizona to Texas.)
8.3. signatus
26. Prothoracic markings always more or less diffuse, reddish or pale brown to
fuscous, elytral spots more or less pronounced 27
Prothoracic markings in the form of three somewhat irregular heavily
marked black vittae, which are not or only narrowly connected in front,
and are sharply defined; elytral spots nearly or quite wanting. (Arizona.)
91. bajulus
27. Pronotum almost completely suffused with reddish brown, the punctua-
tion of the disk dense and nearly uniform; front claws of cf rather
strongly enlarged. (California.) 8G. badius
Pronotum lightly to heavily variegated with pale brown to fuscous, the
punctuation less dense and more uneven, the front claws of the (f less
conspicuously enlarged 28
28. Front claws of cT quite noticeably though not strongly enlarged.
Prothorax only just perceptibly wider than the head, scarcely at all nar-
rowed in front, the base and apex subequal. (California.)
87. quadra tus
Prothorax obviously wider than the head though not greatly so, sides a
little convergent in front, the apex never as wide as the base.
Punctuation less dense, front claws of cf slightly more enlarged.
(Cahfornia to Texas.) 88. mobilis
Punctuation more dense, front claws of cf rather less enlarged.
(California.) 90. pluripunctatus
Front claws of cf only very slightly larger than the others, eyes a little less
distant. (Texas.) 89. delumbis
29. Head and prothorax and usually the elytra distinctly alutaceous, dull or
at most moderately shining 30
Head and upper surface strongly shining, polished or with but the faintest
trace of alutaceous sculpture 47
30. Size large (4 to 6 mm.) ; elytral punctuation almost completely confused . 31
Size somewhat smaller (3.7 to 4.25 mm.); elytral striae very imperfect and
fragmentary but present at least toward and on the posterior convexity;
prothoracic markings reddish brown, broadly suffused, the elytra) spots
black, heavy. (Arizona.) 94. sanrita
Size moderate or small, always less than 4 mm., rarely over 3.5 mm 32
31. Antennae extremely slender and filiform, 10th joint four to five times as
long as wide; pygidium of 9 widely margined. (Arizona.). .92. nobilis
Antennae less slender, 10th joint about three times as long as wide; pygi-
dium of 9 normally margined.
Legs fuscous. (New Mexico.) 93. fuscipes
Legs rufo-testaceous. (Arizona.) . .var. purgatus
32. Prothoracic punctuation dense to side margins 33
Prothoracic punctuation sparser or absent along the side margins, the
latter narrowh' smooth, at least in part 35
33. Punctures antl markings black or fuscous 34
H. C. FALL 319
Punctures and markings rust colored or brown in the 9 , sometimes fuscous
in the c?- (Eastern United States.) 101. roboris
34. Head not wider than the thoracic apex.
Pygidium entirely blackish.
Eyes less distant; basal antennal joint bicolored, at least in the cf .
(Eastern United States.) 03. atomarius*
Eyes more distant, basal antennal joint black, or with at most tlie tip
nubilously paler. (Kansas to Te.xas.) 96. vestigialis*
Pygidium with pale spots, front claws of cf a little larger, eyes closer.
(New York to North Carohna.) 97. obfuscatus
Head a little wider than the thoracic apex. (Gulf and Atlantic Coast
States.) 100. cephalicus
var. dixianus
var. parvus
35. Front without ocular lines 3G
Front with ocular lines 46
36. Species of the Atlantic, Mississippi and Gulf Region 37
Species of New Mexico and Arizona 44
37. Anterior tibiae without terminal spur, eyes subequally distant in the
sexes; 10th antennal joint more than four times as long as wide. (Eastern
United States.) 146. m-nigrum
Anterior tibiae with terminal spur, eyes evidently more distant in the 9 . . 38
38. Antennae nearly as long as the body in the cf, the 10th joint "nearly or quite
four times as long as wide. (Eastern United States.) 103. relictus
Antennae evidently shorter, the 10th joint from two to thi'ee times as long
as wide 39
39. Striae of elytra unusually even and continuous from base to apex 40
Striae of eljiira more or less broken and irregular except toward the decliv-
ity; color as a rule predominantly yellow (except spianarius) 41
40. Black, and pale yellow, the colors rather strongly contrasting.
104. carolinensis
Black or fuscous, yellow spots few and inconspicuous. (Georgia to North
CaroUna.) 105. luctuosus
41. Marginal interspace of elytra conspicuously punctate nearly throughout
its length. (Georgia; Carolina.) 102. spumarius
Marginal interspace of elytra impunctate or virtually so (sparsely punctate
in fracl us) 42
42. Markings brown, head very unevenly punctate. (Florida.) . . lOS. osceola
Markings black, head more evenly punctate 43
43. Standard elytral spots generally all present and sharply defined.
Prothoracic M normal, the median vitta widely forked or Y shaped an-
teriorly and connected with the lateral spots; elytra without conspicu-
ous sutural black stripe. (Gulf States.) 106. varians
Prothorax trivittate, the median vitta usually entire, a little dilated but
not or scarcely divided in front and not connected with the lateral vit-
tae (or spots) ; elytra with a somewhat conspicuous black sut ural stripe
for I of its length. (Florida.) 107. conf ormls
TR.\XS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
320 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
Standard elj^tral spots wanting except the basal and apical ones of the outer
series. (Georgia.) 109. quadri-oculatus
Standard elytral spots — except the one on the humeral umbo — wanting or
but faintly indicated. (Texas.) 110. fractus
44. Front claws of cf more perceptibly enlarged; eyes in cf separated b>- about
If times the length of the basal antennal joint; 10th joint of antennae less
than three times as long as wide; legs almost entirely j-ellow. (Arizona.)
111. truncatus
Front claws of c^ scarcely perceptibly enlarged 45
45. Elytral punctuation confused in baso-sutural region, elsewhere more or
less distinctly striate.
Baso-sutural region of confused punctuation rather small, pygidial yel-
low spots moderate to large.
Eyes of d^ separated by about 1| times the length of the basal an-
tennal joint or slightly more, or by a distance scarcely or barely as
great as the vertical width of their upper lobes; antennae more
slender, the 10th joint more than three times as long as wide.
(Arizona to Texas.) 112. precarius
Eyes of c? separated by twice the length of the basal antennal joint,
a distance distinctly greater than the width of their upper lobes;
antennae a Httle less slender, the 10th joint (cf) not more than
three times as long as wide. (Arizona.) 113. nogalicus
Baso-sutural region of confused punctuation much more extended, the
punctures more densely placed; prothorax and pygidium predomi-
nantly black, apical spots of the latter small or wanting. (New
Mexico to Arizona.) 114. croftus
Elytral punctuation confused as far as the submarginal stria, no well de-
fined striae postero-laterally; size larger. (Arizona to Texas.)
115. sonorensis
46. Elytra without impressed striae, the punctures confusedly dispersed
almost throughout. (Arizona.) 21. insidiosus
Elytra with distinct striae at rear and sides; punctures confused in baso-
sutural region.
More robust, prothorax widest at basal ^ or |, sides strongly rounded.
(Texas.) 6.3. brevicornis
Less robust, prothorax widest very near the base, sides slight h- to mod-
erately rounded.
Lateral thoracic spot quadrate, solid or entire, not connected with
the median stripe (rarely slightly so) ; elytral spots usually fused
into two sharply outlined transverse fasciae connected along the
suture, the humeral spots, however, often isolated. (Eastern
United States.) 120. tridens
Lateral thoracic spot more or less irregular or disintegrated exteri-
orly, often connected with the median stripe; elytral maculation
more irregular, the standard sjjots all more or less distinct, though
frecjuently confluent in part. (Eastern United States.)
121. obsoletus
H. C. FALL 321
47. Front with ocular lines.
Prothorax moderately narrowed in front. (New Mexico to Colorado.)
122. alticola
Prothorax transversely quadrate, scarceh' narrowed in front; eyes
slightly closer; elj-tral striae a little less impressed. (Arizona.)
111. truncatus*
Front without ocular lines.
Eyes separated in the cf by twice the length of the basal antennal joint;
size rather large (.3.5 mm. or more).
Form less robust, prothorax feebly narrowed in front, side margins
rather broadly impunctate, color predominantly black. (Cali-
fornia.) 117. lustrans*
Form very robust, prothorax moderately (suhnllaluf;) to st rough-
(inistabilis) narrowed in front, the side margin very narrowh- or
partially smooth.
Yellow, prothorax shorter, trivittate with black, the median vitta
divided in front, legs pale. (Texas.) 120. subvittatus
Red or reddish yellow and black, thorax not trivittate, legs black.
(Texas to Kansas.) 1.52. instabilis"^
Eyes separated in the cf by less than twice the length of the basal
antennal joint.
Size large (3.5 to 5 mm.); elytral punctuation almost completely
confused. (Colorado to Arizona.) 116. varicolor*
Size much smaller (2.25 to 3.1 mm.); eh-tral striae evident.
Antennae less elongate, the 10th joint less than three times as
long as wide in the cT; eljiral striae more regular. (Texas to
CaUfornia.) 123. laevis
Antennae more elongate, 10th joint four times as long as wide;
elytral striae much broken; size generally larger. (Arizona.)
125. conspirator*
Group D
(Specie.s starred (*) are tabulated in more than one group.)
The species of this group are not very numerous, and are
generally easily recognized. In the typically marked forms the
elytra are yellow or testaceous with the suttire and two vittae
on each, black. The outer vitta is more subject to reduction or
disintegration than the inner, and in hivittatus and allies is com-
monly interrupted to form three spots, one or more of which
may be lacking (as in hivittatus), or the two vittae may 1)C fused
into a single broad stripe- — as in circumcindus and consimihs.
In sublimatus the inner vitta also may be entirely lacking, in
consequence of which it has been necessary to also tabulate the
species in Group C. In autolycus varieties difficilis and wahsat-
TRAXS. AM. EXT. SOC, XM.
322 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
clieyisis the elytra are mostly black, and to lessen the chances of
error these have been tabulated also in Group E.
1. Punctuation of elytra in great part confused 2
Punctuation of elytra arranged in tolerably regular series (less conspicu-
ously so in piduratus) 4
2. Terminal spur of front tibia wanting or very rudimentary; last joint of
maxillary palpi scarcely differing in the sexes; punctuation coarser and
denser 145. viduatus
Terminal spur of front tibia normally developed; last joint of maxillary
palpi more widely truncate in the cf ; punctuation finer and less dense. . . .3
3. Eyes in cf separated by a distance evidently less than twice the length of
the basal antennal joint; elytra bivittate, the outer stripe rarely if ever
continuous, and usually interrupted to form three sjjots, one or more of
which may be lacking 128. bivittatus
Eyes in cf separated by at least twice the length of the basal antennal joint.
Elj^ra occasionally with a single narrow vitta, with or without faint
traces of lateral spots, but usually entirely destitute of markings; sub-
marginal stria much confused; eyes in cf separated by twice the length
of the basal antennal joint, or a little more 129. sublimatus*
Elytra each with a single broad discal vitta; eyes separated by from 2 J
to 3 times the length of the basal antennal joint.
Eyes in 9 less widely separated than their own vertical length ; the
submarginal stria nearly regular 130. circumcinctus
Eyes in 9 more widely separated than their own vertical length;
submarginal stria more confused 131. consimilis
4. Prothorax densely strigate punctate, a smooth median yellow line which
does not reach the base 139. othonus
Prothorax less densely, usually rather sparsely punctate, not strigose (rarely
somewhat so towards the sides in some examples oijanus) 5
5. Elytra yellow, with suture or sutural bead and two discal vittae on each
black or brownish.
Front claws of cf distinctly enlarged; lustre dull, outer eK-lral vitta con-
fined to the 7th and 8th interspaces 135. pawnee
Front claws of cf not enlarged.
Head and prothorax with more or less evident alutaceous sculi)ture
(very fine and visible only on the head and toward the sides of the
prothorax in some examples of aulolycus).
Prothorax strongly trans-^verse, more closely punctate. (Plains
west of Mississippi River to the Rocky Mts.) . . 141. autolycus
Prothorax moderately transverse, more sparsely pimctate, and
always distinctly alutaceous. (Atlantic Coast.).. 132. litigiosus
Integuments pohshed, alutaceous sculpture not present except occa-
sionally very faintly on the head.
Outer elytral vitta confined to the 7th and 8th interspaces; me-
dian pronotal stripe conspicuous^ V-shaped.
Vittae black 136. vau
H. C. FALL 323
Vittae more or less imperfect and usually brow-nish.
^■ar. imperfectus
Outer el>iral vitta beginning on the 7th and Sth interspaces, and
ending on the 6th and 7th.
Median pronotal stripe narrowly V-shaped; size smaller (2.7 to
3.8 mm.) 134. dubiosus
Median pronotal stripe not V-shaped but merely dilated a little
anteriorly, the dilated portion usually showing a very narrow
more or less obscure paler median line; size larger (3.7 to
4.4 mm.) 133. virgatus
Elytra yellow with a single narrow, often imperfect or subobsolete median
vitta; the shoulder knob and a posterior spot (representing an outer vitta)
black 137. umbraculatus
Elytra yellow with a single straight sharply defined but narrow vitta and
the shoulder knob black 144. picturatus
Eljira black, with a narrow subsutural vitta, an intrahumeral basal spot,
and the lateral and apical margin atIIow; legs rufo-testaceous.
141. autolycus var. difficilis*
El>i;ra black, with narrow subsutural vitta and external margin yellow; legs
browniish black in great part 141. autolycus var. wahsatchensis*
Group E
(Starred species (*) are tabulated in more than one group)
Species wholly or in great part black, or if the pale areas are
more extensive they are definitely arranged (discoideus, margina-
tus, cruentus, dilatatus, subfasciatus), not irregular and fragmen-
tary as is typically the case in Group C. Occasionally in stygicus,
and more often in luridus, lustrans and confusus, the pale spots
are larger or more numerous, for which reason the three last
named species have been tabulated also in Group C.
1. Anterior tibiae without terminal spur; last joint of maxillary palpi nearl}^
similar in the sexes; antennae nearly as long as the entire body in the cf .
Black, prothorax with side margins, apical edge and three discal spots
reddish yellow, legs entirely black 147. trinotatus
Similar, but with prothorax narrower, sides straight er; elytra usually
with small scattered fulvous spots, even more densely but less coarsely
punctate; legs with small yellow spots 14S. pulvinatus
Anterior tibiae with terminal spur, last joint of maxillary palpi more or less
obviously more widely truncate at apex in the cf ; antennae les< elongate . . 2
2. Pale areas or markings generally broader and definite in arrangement or
design 3
Pale markings as a rule irregularly disposed, generally small and inconsjjic-
uous (much more extensive in some examples of lustrmis and luri'lus); pro-
thoracic markings, when present, consisting typically of a narrow median
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
324 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
anterior, and two oblicjue basal spots, the lateral margin and a verj' nar-
row anterior margin, yellow 9
3. Elytra with a narrow subsutural vitta — often interrupted — and the lateral
and apical margins, yellow; prothorax with two basal spots and a median
anterior spot or line, yellow.
Legs almost entirely rufo-testaceous. (Maine; Michigan.)
141. autolycus var. difficilis*
Legs dark in great part. (Utah; Montana.)
141. autolycus var. wahsatchensis*
Elytra similarly marked, but with the sutural vitta and external margins
obscure rufous and often almost completely obsolete; prothorax with at
most only faint traces of markings 142. nigricornis
Elytra without sutural vitta 4
4. Front claws of cf very strongly enlarged; black, prothorax red varying to
black with red side margins 153. hybridus
Front claws of c? not or scarcely enlarged (except subfasciatus, in which
they are moderately so) 5
5. Punctures of prothorax elongate laterally, with a distinct tendency toward
strigosity; black with external margins of thorax and elytra pale yellow or
yellowish white 140. praeclarus
Prothorax normally punctured, pale areas of eh'tra red or reddish 6
6. Side margins of prothorax yellowish white (rarely entirely black), head and
legs often spotted with yellowish white; elytra orange red with a broad
black sutural stripe not attaining the apex 154. discoideus
Side margins of ])rothorax never yellowish white, legs and usually the head
entirely black, or virtually so 7
7. Prothorax with distinct entire smooth median line; prothorax and elytra
with wide red border, which may become partially or completely inter-
rupted at the elytral convexity 155. marginatus
Upper surface dull red, the prothorax with three small basal black sjjots;
elytral disk sometimes clouded var. sanguineus
Prothorax without distinct median smooth line 8
8. Prothorax entirely black, elytra with a broad red margin interrupted ut the
convexity 156. cruentus
Prothorax margined with red or reddish yellow.
Elytra with a large subquadrate spot extending from the margin § to
suture, and apical spot, red 157. dilatatus
Elytra with a broad irregular or indented median fascia, often inter-
rupted at the suture, and apical spot, red 60. subfasciatus
9. Prothorax more or less strongly shining, either polished or finely alutaceous. 10
Prothorax alutaceous, lustre dull or but slightly shining 15
10. Elytral punctuation confused, without trace of serial arrangement except
in the imperfect submarginal stria 116. varicolor*
Elytral punctures more or less obviously arranged in impressed lines later-
ally and posteriorly 11
11. Size larger, more robust, pale markings red or reddish yellow.
Prothoracic punctuation dense. (Texas.) 152. instabilis
Prothoracic punctuation sparse. (Arizona.) 151. vulnerosus
H. C. FALL 325
Size smaller and less robust, pale markings \-ellow. (Pacific Coast
species.) 12
12. Front claws of cf very little or scarcely larger than the others 13
Front claws of cf quite conspicuously enlarged 14
13. Sides of prothorax narrowly smooth, yellow markings fretjuently con-
spicuous 117. lustrans
Sides of prothorax closely jjunctured to the extreme margin, yelldw niaik-
ings almost wanting S2. signatifrons*
14. Sides of prothorax distinctly' smooth or subimpimctate along the margin,
strongly rounded in both sexes; last ventral segment with yellow marks.
110. pinguescens*
Sides of prothorax closely punctate to the extreme margin, or with the
punctuation only very narrowly sparser when the margin is j-ellow; sides
moderately to strong]}^ rounded in the cf , much less so in the 9 ; last ven-
tral segment always entirely black.
Yellow markings few to many 118. californicus *
Yellow markings entirely lacking var. gagatinus
15. Front claws of cf small 16
Front claws of cf obviously but not strongly enlarged 17
Front claws of cf conspicuously enlarged 18
16. Entirely black or very nearly so.
Punctures of prothorax nearly or quite as coarse, as those of the elytra;
eyes of cf separated by barely twice the length of the basal antennal
joint.
Prothorax of cf without narrow smooth margin; form shorter; elyt-
ral striae better defined. (Florida.) 9S. stygicus
Prothorax of cf with narrow smooth margin; form a littl(> mor(> elon-
gate; elytral striae ill-defined. (Arizona.) 99. lachrymosus
Punctures of prothoi'ax distinctty finer than those of the eljtra and
more evenly distributed; eyes of cf separated bj- nearh' three times
the length'of the basal anteimal joint 113. carbonarius
Black or fuscous, sometimes with few, but usually with numerous small
yellow spots, at least on the eMra; eyes of cf separated by twice the length
of the basal antennal joint or a little more 95. atomarius*
17. Size much smaller (not over 3 mm. in length); eyes of cf separated by
fullv twice the length of the basal antennal joint, the basal joint black or
fuscous throughout. (Lower Mississippi Vallej'.) 96. vestigialis*
Size larger (3.4 to 4.3 mm.); eyes in cf separated by distinctly less than
twice the length of the basal antennal joint. (Western Texas to Arizona.)
(')'). wenzeli
IS. Ej^es of cf separated by fully twice the length of the basal nntennal joint.
149. confusus*
Eyes of cf separated by H times the length of the basal antennal joint, or
less.
Size smaller (about 3 mm.), front claws of cf It'ss strongly enlarged.
61. ixnpurus \ar. umbrosus
Size larger, front claws of cf more strongly enlarged . . .l.JO. luridus
THANS. ^UI. ExNT. SOC, XLI.
326 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
Group F
The two species here segregated constitute the most natural of
the groups into which I have separated our species. The group
characters are as stated in the table and are easily appreciable.
The species separate readily by their color.
Grayish or yellowish brown with a more or less distinct dark svibapical
siitural spot 158. hepaticus
Black, with scarcely a trace of paler marks 159. microps
1. Pachybrachys pubescens Olivier
Robust, black throughout, with sparse short grayish pubes-
cence. Eyes small and distant. Ave. length 4.1 mm. Atlantic
Coast Region.
Head closely to densely punctate throughout; eyes small, their distance
apart obviously greater than their vertical length in the male, and fully one-
half greater than their length in the female.
Prothorax about three-fifths wider than long, widest near the base, sides
strongly convergent and nearly straight or feebly arcuate; punctuation rather
coarse, close throughout, denser laterally, less dense toward the middle of the
disk; a narrow more or less incomplete or imperfect smooth median line often
present.
Elytra slightly longer than wide, punctuation usually distinctly coarser than
that of the prothorax, close, evenly distributed, without trace of serial arrange-
ment.
Length 3.4 to 4.8 mm.; width 2 to 2.8 mm.
Distribution. — Occurs from New York to South Carolina,
usually at no great distance from the coast. The following
localities are known to me or are authoritatively reported.
New York: Watkins, June 12 (Nat. Mus. Coll.). Pennsylvania: Water
Gap. (Van Dyke Coll.). New Jersey: Ocean Co. (Leng); Cape May Co., V-
28 (Wenzel); Atco, May 29; (Liebeck); Newtonville, June (Boerner); Clemen-
ton, May; Da Costa. NorthCarolina: Wilmington (Wenzel Coll.). South
Carolina: In Hubbard and Schwarz and Liebeck Colls, without definite local-
ity. Ohio: Cincinnati (Dury).
It may be remarked that this is the jnorosus Hald. of the Hen-
shaw List. In the Henshaw Supplement the viduatus of Fab.
has unaccountably been recorded as the equivalent of pubescens
Oliv., two species which are totally unlike in general appearance.
2. Pachybrachys haematodes SulTrian
Very similar to pubescens and differing as follows:
H. C. FALL 327
Average size somewhat smaller, and scarce!}' as robust ; pubescence longer
and more conspicuous; prothorax slightly less transverse, less strongh- narrowed
in front, the sides more arcuately prominent behind the middle; punctuation
of the elytra scarcely or but little coarser than that of the prothorax; upper
surface, more often of the ehira, more or less variegated with diffuse rufous
spots or markings.
Distribution. — Occurs in Texas, Colorado, New ^Mexico and
Arizona. Described from Mexico. The following localities
are represented before me.
Texas: Texas (Belfrage). Colorado: "Col" (Baker); Colorado Springs,
along the creeks (^\'ickham). A'ew Mexico: San Ignacio, June 27 (Cockorell);
Cloudcroft, June 14 (Knaus), May 22 (Viereck); Silver City (Dury); near Las
Vegas Hot Springs, July (Snow). Arizona: Huachuca Mts., May 16 (Clem-
ence); Palmerlee, July 27 (Wenzel); Chiricahua Mts., May 16 (Clemence).
"While the characters given above would seem to be sufficient
to separate haematodes from pube.scens, they are I find all subject
to variation and manj- examples are fairly intermediate between
the typical forms; I am therefore not at all sure of their specific
distinctness.
3. Pachybrachys integratus new species
Yellowish, thinly pubescent above, with broad suffused pale
brown to fuscous markings; surface shining, without alutaceous
sculpture; eyes narrowly separated. Ave. length 3.7 mm. Cali-
fornia and Arizona.
Head closely and evenly punctate, an impressed line between the ej-es;
entirely pale, or with the impressed line and a small spot at base of antenna
darker. Eyes large, separated in the male by a distance not greater than the
length of the second antemial joint; in the female by rather less than the
length of the first two joints. Antennae very slender throughout, subequal in
length to half the body in the male, somewhat shorter in the female, entirely
rufo-testaceous or with the outer joints darker.
Prothorax widest at or a little behind the middle, sides strongly arcuate, base
a little wider than the apex; punctuation rather close, fairly regular, with
scattered minute interstitial punctures, more obvious in the female; margins
not smoother; markings diffuse.
Elytra j)arallel or slightly narrowed behind, siiles moderately sinuate behind
the humeri; punctures rather fine and confused in a small triangular scutellar
region, the next two discal striae and the two outer ones well defined, the inter-
mediate region confusedly punctured; the strial punctures moderate in size
basally but finer toward the apex. The pubescence arises from a system of
interstitial punctures which are barely visible basally but are gradually larger
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
328 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
toward the rear and outer margins, becoming ajjically slightly asperate and
subequal in size to the strial punctures.
PygvHum, body beneath and legs nearly uniformly rufo-testaceous except in
one male, in which the body beneath is black except the apical half of the last
abdominal segment. Front tibiae distinctly nearly evenly arcuate, and feebly
widened apically ; terminal spur very small; hind tibiae with very slender spur;
claws of front tarsi not appreciably larger.
Length 3 to 4.4 mm.; width 1..55 to 2.4 mm.
Distribution. — California : Colorado River, 1 9 ; Raymond, 1 cf (Fenyes) ;
Kaweah, 1 9 (Hopping). Arizona: Hot Springs, 1 cf, 2 9 's (Barber and
Schwarz).
The type is the female from the Colorado River. The Ray-
mond male differs in having the markings quite black, the body
beneath also black; it is, however, undoubtedly identical with the
Arizona male. The tabular characters easily differentiate this
species from any other now known, but it should be borne in
mind that the spur of the hind tibia is very slender and easily
broken off — as indeed it seems to be in one of the specimens at
hand. The eyes are more closely approximate than in any other
of our pubescent species except vigilans, in which, however, they
are in actual contact in the male.
4. Pachybrachys connexus new species
Not very robust, rufo-testaceous, elytra with subsutural and
marginal black stripes, which are connected narrowly along the
base and more broadly on the declivity; metasternum and abdo-
men in great part black; pubescence sparse and short, recurved
on the prothorax, suberect on the elytra; integuments shining,
without trace of alutaceous sculpture. Length 3.25 mm. Arizona.
Head clear rufo-testaceous without marks, rather coarsely closely punctate,
front not impressed. Eyes in female separated by about two and one-half times
the length of the rather small basal antennal joint. Antennae lacking except
the two basal joints, which are entirely pale.
Prothorax rufo-testaceous, a little paler along the side margins, without
spots, moderately transverse, widest at or a little before the basal third, sides
rather strongly rounded, surface a little uneven, closely subevenly punctate
throughout.
Elytra one-fourth wider than the prothorax, two-sevenths longer than wide,
sides somewhat sinuate behind the humeri; punctures confused in a narrow
sutural region to behind the middle, elsewhere arranged in nearly regular
feebly impressed series; interstitial punctures moderately numerous and
distinct though rather fine, forming more or less even single series on the nar-
rower intervals. The color of the elytra may be described as flavate, the broad
H. C. FALL 329
discal black stripe confluent with the suture posteriorly, and so connected
with the narrower marginal stripe as to leave an irregular antero-lateral spot
and a smaller apical spot, pale.
Legs entirely rufotestaceous.
Length 3.25 mm.; width 2.25 mm.
Distribution. — The unique type is a female collected at Hot
Springs, Arizona, June 27, by Barber and Schwarz and is in the
National ]\Iuseum Collection.
This species strikingly resembles in general form and sculpture
integratus, but differs in coloration and in its much more widely
separated eyes, and apparently in lacking the terminal spur of
the hind tibiae; this spur, however, is very slender in integratus
and may be easily broken off, so that it is not impossible that
future specimens may show it to be present in conjiexus.
5. Pachybrachys vigilans new species
Pale yellowish testaceous with fuscous markings, surface mod-
erately shining without alutaceous sculpture, thinly pubescent.
Eyes contiguous in the male. Length, 3.5 mm. Lower Cal-
ifornia.
Head. — Front yellow without markings, closely evenly punctate. Antennae
slender, attaining the middle of the elytra (male).
Prothorax moderately transverse, widest at about the basal two-fifths, sides
strongly arcuate, apex three-fourths as wide as the base, rather densely i)unc-
tate to the extreme margins, the punctures moderate in size, nearly evenly
distributed but leaving a few scattered very small slightly elevated smooth
areas; disk broadly transversely depressed basally and less obviously so across
the apex, leaving the median portions rather strongly convex when viewed in
profile. Thoracic M imperfect, consisting of a narrow median anteriorly
divided stripe and an irregular lateral spot inclosing a pale area, none of the
marks extending much in advance of the middle.
Elytra slightly narrowed posteriorly, sides sinuate behind the humeri, closely
fairly evenly punctate throughout, the punctures forming one or two imper-
fect series at the middle of the disk, and again towartl the side margins; a
secondary system of very small sparse and inconspicuous or barely detectable
interstitial punctures: color pale testaceous with fuscous markings as follows:
— a postscutellar and a subapical sutural spot, the hum(>ral knob and median
and subapical marginal spots, all quite irregular.
Beneath, body and legs entirely pale; front tibiae distinctly arcuate, rather
feebly w-idened apicallj-; claws small, subequal.
Length 3.5 mm.; width l.S mm.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
330 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
Distribution. — Lower California (San Felipe) — a single male
given me by Mr. Beyer.
In most respects this species is much like integratus, and it is
not impossible that further specimens may prove the hind tibiae
to be similarly armed with a slender terminal spur. It is the
only species in our fauna, thus far known, with absolutely con-
tiguous eyes.
6. Pachybrachys wickhami Bowditch
Form rather short and stout; black, not shining; pubescence
dense, white, recumbent, nearly or quite concealing the sculpture
of the head and prothorax, and obscuring that of the elytra;
elytra luteous with black markings. Ave. length 3.1 mm.
Arizona to Lower California.
Head very densely punctate, eyes more prominent than the anterior angles
of the prothorax, separated in the male by barely twice the length of the basal
antennal joint, slightly more distant in the female. Antennae (male) fully
attaining the middle of the elytra, much shorter in the female, pale at base,
outer joints more or less infuscate.
Prothorax quite strongly transverse, sides feebly arcuate, base not much
wider than the apex as a rule, surface throughout rather finely, excessively
densely punctured and opaque.
Elytra dull luteous with the typical spots black, the inner ones more or less
irregular and usually produced backward and inward to join the suture; all
the spots variable in extent and sometimes much reduced or in part wanting;
punctures moderately strong, irregular in the scutellar region, but forming
some more or less regular but scarcely impressed series on the disk and laterally,
the submarginal stria best defined and feebly impressed; secondary system of
finer interstitial punctures bearing the pubescence quite dense and conspicuous
over the entire surface.
Beneath, body black, pubescence rather dense; legs rarely almost entirely
pale, the thighs usually more or less distinctly annulate with black — except
the front ones, the tibiae blackish in apical half; front claws not appreciably
enlarged in the male.
Length 2.8 to 3.5 mm.; width 1.5 to 2 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Tucson (Wickham), type; Hot Springs (Barber &
Schwarz). California: Palm Springs (Fenyes). Lower California: Santa
Rosa (Beyer).
7. Pachybrachys thoracicus Jacoby
Robust, black, prothorax at base and the raised basal margin
of the elytra red; rather densely silvery white pubescent, espec-
ially the head, pygidium and under surface. Ave. length 4.3
mm. Arizona.
H. C. FALL 331
Head finely moderately closely punctate and dull, the sculpture nearly or
quite concealed by the dense pubescence; eyes separated in the male by twice
the length of the basal joint of the antennae; in the female by about two and a
half times the length of the basal joint : antennae slender anrj rather more than
half as long as the body in the male, shorter in the female, blackish, scarcely
paler at base.
Prothorax subconical with sides broadly rounded, not ciuite one-half wider
than long, widest immediately before the base, the latter one-half wider than
the apex; surface somewhat shining, very minutely alutaceous, closely rather
finely punctate, with still finer interstitial punctures; red basal margin wider
laterally, involving fully one-haK of the side margins.
Elytra not at all or scarcely wider at base than the prothorax, very slight Ij'
longer than wide, a little narrowed behind; surface alutaceous, dull; coarser
punctures serially or subserially arranged in great part except in the scutcUar
region; interstitial punctures moderately numerous but very small and incon-
spicuous.
Beneath very densely pubescent; legs rather stout, middle and hind thighs
pale at extreme base; front claws not appreciably enlarged in the male.
Length 3.7 to 5 mm.; width 2 to 2.7 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Bill Williams' Fork (Snow); Hot Springs, June
24-27 (Barber and Schwarz); Williams, June (Wenzel). Described from
Chihuahua (Pinos Altos), Mexico.
The large size, dense recumbent pubescence and color, render
this species instantly recognizable.
8. Pachybrachys analis LeConte
]Moderateh' robust, with sparse semi-erect pubescence. Pro-
thorax shining, \vith narrow smooth median line. Elytra more
or less densely subrugose punctate, less shining. Black, sides of
prothorax, lateral margins of elytra at base, and apex of elytra
testaceous; disk of prothorax and elytra either entirely black, or
more often variegated with testaceous. Ave. length 3.75 nmi.
Utah to Lower California.
Head black or variegated with testaceous, front more or less longitudinally
impressed, punctuation rather dense and evenly distributed. Eyes remote,
separated in the male by a distance subequal to the length of the basal four
joints of the antennae or rather less than their own vertical length; in the
female by more than the vertical length. Antennae (male) moderately slender,
reaching the basal third of the elytra, the outer joints fully twice as long as
wide; in female not passing the humeri, outer joints scarcely twice as long as
wide.
Prothorax rather long, one-fourth to two-fifths wider than long, more trans-
verse in the female as usual, apex seven-tenths as wide as the base, sides
moderately rounded, subparallel in basal half or less, especially in the male;
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
332 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
surface polished, densely rather finely punctate, the median line narrowly
smooth or sparsely punctate; disk sometimes entirely black, more commonly
with two basal spots and a narrow apical median vitta yellow.
Elytra slightly longer than wide, sides parallel, punctuation dense and more
or less rugose, coarser punctures in part serially arranged, one or two lateral
and two discal intervals usually feebly costiform; finer interstitial punctures
numerous, most evident toward the elylral apex.
Beneath black, apical part of last ventral segment pale; legs bicolored; front
claws of cf scarcely larger.
Length 3 to 4.5 mm., width 1.7 to 2.4 mm.
Distrihuiion. — California: San Diego, May; Arrowhead Springs, May 31;
Mokelumne Hill (Blaisdell); Sobre Vista, Sonoma Co., July, Shasta Co., and
Marin Co. (Van Dyke); Mt. Breckenridge, Kern Co., June 6, (F. Grinnell).
Man}^ specimens, including the LeConte type, are labeled simply "Cal."
Nevada: Reno (Wickham); Las Vegas (Spaulding). Utah: American Fork,
June 24, (Hubbard & Schwarz). Arizona: Catalina Springs (Hubbard &
Schwarz); not quite typical and doubtfully referred. Lower California:
Ensenada (Beyer).
A rather widely dispersed species in the Southwest, and showing
a good deal of variability in the extent of the pale markings.
The prevailing color is nearly always black, but a few specimens
have the elytra in great part testaceous and less densely and
roughly punctured; these bear a strong resemblance to viarmora-
tus Jac, in which, however, the prothorax is more conical in form.
In what I take to be the typical form the prothorax is almost
devoid of fine interstitial pimctuation, but in other examples
these are quite evident, and intermediates are not wanting.
There is also noticeable some variation in the width of the front
between the eyes.
9. Pachybrachys desertus new species
Very similar in size, form, sculpture and pubescence to analis;
color entirely rufo-testaceous, the body beneath blackish in some
males.
Head with the standard spots brown or fuscous, upper surface with faint
rufous or livid clouds representing the prothoracic M, and occasionally with
faint diffuse traces of one or more of the standard elytral spots.
Prothorax not very strongly narrowed toward the front, the sides as a rule
more evenly rounded than in analis, the punctuation always intermixed, the
finer punctures less fine than in those specimens of analis in which they occm*;
legs rufo-testaceous.
Length 3 to 4.5 mm.
Distribution. — California: Mojave (Wickham), June 1 (Fenyes), type cf ;
Old Beach, Colorado Desert, April; San Tiernardino Co., San Diego Co. (Co-
H. C. FALL 333
•quillett); Inyo Mts., 7,000-9,000 feet (Wickham). Arizona: two pxamjjles
without definite locality referred here with some doubt.
In color desertus resembles xanti quite closely, but the latter
is more robust, thorax more conical in form, elytral intervals
wider with more numerous interstitial punctures. Its affinity
with analis is, however, more marked as indicated aljove, and, as
in analis, there exists an unusual instability in the degree of
separation of the eyes, which as a rule are rather closer in the
present species.
10. Pachybrachys xanti Crotrh
Very robust, rufo-testaceous, prothorax unusually long, sub-
conical with smooth median line, with or without faint darker
shades; metasternum more or less infuscate; pubescence short,
sparse, inclined. Average length 4.3 mm. Texas to Utah and
Southern California.
Head rather closely evenl}- punctate, frontal spots vague to fairly distinct,
.surface shining, scarcely visibly alutaceous. Eyes separated in the male by
twice the length of the basal antennal joint or slightly more, in the female by
three times the length of the basal joint, or by about the length of the basal
four joints. Antennae extending a little beyond the humeri in the male,
scarcely attaining the hind angles of the thoi-ax in the female, pale throughout,
or with the outer joints dusk}'.
Prothorax unusually long, subconical, widest at base, sides nearly straight
or but slightly curved, usually perceptibly sinuate before the hind angles;
surface polished, denselj- nearly evenly punctate with very narrow entire or
subentire smooth median line; punctures not very coarse, of nearly equal size,
less dense along the side margins, minute interstitial punctures nearly wanting.
Elytra a little wider than the prothorax, very little longer than wide, obviously
narrowed from the humeri to the apex; surface finely alutaceous, dull, coarser
punctures forming fairly regular but not or but feebly impressed series; inter-
vals wide, rather densely confusedly punctate, these latter punctures nearly
as coarse on the disk as those of the strial series.
Beneath body punctured and pubescent as usual; legs rather stout; front
claws of male not enlarged.
Length 3.5 to 4.8 mm.; width 2.2 to 2.8 mm.
Distribution. — Lower California: type, collected by Xantus. California:
Jacumba, San Diego Co., July 1 (Field). Arizona: Bill Williams Fork and
"Cactus Plain" (Snow); Phoenix, feeding on Atriplex, June 8, (H. B. Shaw);
Hot Springs, June 27 (Barber & Schwarz) ; "Ari" numerous collections. Utah:
St. George, July (Wickham). Texas: El Paso (Wickham; Barber and Schwarz) .
11. Pachybrachys marmoratus Jacoby
Very similar to xanti in nearly all respects, the differences being as follows:
Size a trifle smaller on the average, with the form rather less robust; color pale
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
334 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
fiavo-testaceoiis, frontal and thoracic markings black and heavy as a rule, the
latter varying to pale brown; antennae with basal two joints blackish above,
three to five mostly pale, following joints blackish; body beneath frequently
blackish in great part, but variable: elytra varying from entirely pale to
strongly marked with fuscous or black, the markings tending to form diffuse
vittae following the lines of serial punctures; interstitial punctuation of ehi:ra
somewhat finer and less dense than in xanti.
Length 2.9 to 4.2 mm.; width 1.6 to 2.5 mm.
Distribution. — Texas: El Paso, June 7 (Knaus); Davis Mts., Julj- 7 to 10
(Wenzel). Colorado: one example without definite locality (C. F. Baker).
A'etr Mexico: Alamogordo, Apr. 23, May 10, (Viereck). Arizona: Riverside
(Wickham); Globe (Wickham); Ncgales, Aug. 10 to 13 (Wickham); Phoenix,
May 16; Hot Springs, June 2S (Barber & Schwarz).
12. Paehybrachys donneri Crotch
Black, opaque, side margins of prothorax, basal raised margin
of elytra also side margins for a variable distance from the base,
yellow; lustre throughout alutaceous; pubescence gray, decum-
bent, rather plentiful; disk of elytra and prothorax sometimes
feebly and indefinitely irrorate with dull j^ellow. Ave. length
4.5 mm. California and Washington.
Head black, often with small yellow markings, thickh- punctate, feebly
impressed. Eyes in male separated by a little less than three times the length
of the basal antennal joint, or by a little less than their own vertical length;
in the female by about three and one-half times the length of the basal joint,
or rather more than their own vertical length. Antennae attaining the humeri
in the female, considerably longer in the male, more or less pale basally, black
beyond the middle.
Prothorax moderate^ transverse, widest at base, sides arcuate, very slightly
sinuate before the hind angles; rather densely moderately coarsely punctate
with intermixed finer punctures; no trace of smooth median line; yellow side
margin more sparsely punctate.
Elytra abruptly a little wider than the prothorax, one-fourth longer than
wide, sides feeblj' sinuate, punctures for the most part irregularh' dispersed
but with some nearly regular series especially at sides; interstitial punctures
very fine but moderately numerous.
Pygidimn black, the sides sometimes narrowly yellow. Legs entirely black
or with the tips of the thighs pale.
Length 3.75 to 4.9 mm.; width 2 to 2.6 mm.
Distribution. — California: East end of Donner Lake on willows (type,
Crotch); Yreka; Santa Rosa (Ricksecker) ; Blair's Ranch, Redwood Creek,
Humboldt Co., June 9 (H. S. Barber); Sonoma Co. (Van Dyke). Washing-
ion: Olympia, May 20 (Liebeck Coll.).
H. C. FALL 335
13. Pachybrachys uteanus new species
Very closely allied to donneri and perhaps merely a geographical race of that
species; the eyes, however, are in all specimens seen less widely separated and
the thoracic punctuation uniformly finer; the upper surface also more often
variegated with yellow. These latter specimens look greatly like the darker
examples oihrunneus and really form a good connecting link between donneri
and typical brimneus; they are, however, quite surely distinct from the latter.
DislribuHon : — Utah: American Fork, June 24 (Hubbard & .Schwarz); type
cT. New Mexico: Pecos (Cockerell).
14. Pachybrachys brunneus Bowditch
Form narrower than ustial in this section, testaceous with pale
brown punctures, the thoracic M indicated by faint brownish
clouds, which occasionally become fuscous or black and involve
the whole disk except narrow side margins; elytra frequently
with diffuse shades which, as on the thorax, tend to become
darker and spread broadly over the disk; surface finely aluta-
ceous, lustre dull, pubescence rather plentiful, short, decumbent.
Ave. length 3.6 mm. Texas to Southern California.
Heail not very thickly punctate, vertex impressed, markings faint to distinct.
Eyes (in the male) separated by one and one-half times the length of the basal
joint of the antennae or by rather less than the vertical width of their upper
lobes; in the female by a little more than twice the length of the basal joint.
Antennae thin, attaining the humeri in the female and fully the basal third
of the elytra in the male, the outer joints more than twice as long as wide.
Prothorax subconical, not very strongly transverse, sides convergent from
the base, nearly straight in the male, broadly curved in the female, punctua-
tion moderately close, not very coarse, with finer punctures intermixed; no
trace of smooth median line.
Elytra a little %vider at base than the prothorax, one-fourth longer than wide,
.slightly sinuate behind the humeri and feebly narrowed posteriorly; punctua-
tion rather fine and irregular but with the submarginal and usually some discal
series more or less well marked, not or scarcely impressed. In some specimens
— more often females — two or three narrow discal smooth lines extend from the
base backward becoming gradually lost posteriorly. Interstitial punctures
fine, moderately numerous, most evident in the darker specimens.
Body beneath variable from entirely pale to almost completely infuscate.
Legs in the darker specimens' broadly dark ringed; front tibiae straight, claws
subequal on all feet.
Length. 3 to 4.25 mm.; width 1.5 to 2.3 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Phoenix and Prescott — type series (Bowditch);
Phoenix, June 4 (Wickham Coll.); Bill Williams' Fork, August (Snow); Tucson
(Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.); Tucson, Tempo and Verde River (Liebeck Coll.); "Ari"
many collections. California: S. E. Desert Region (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.).
New Mexico: N. Mex. (Snow) bearing label xanti. Colorado: (Baker).
Texas: Davis Mts. (Wenzel).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
336 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
15. Pachybrachys purus new species
Subcylindric, rather strongly convex, pale yellowish testaceous,
feebly shining, integuments very minutely alutaceous, virtually
immaculate, the thoracic markings pale brownish, diffuse and
barely detectable; elytral punctures pale brown, those of the
prothorax much finer and scarcely or but little darker than the
surrounding surface. Ave. length 4 mm. Colorado River.
Head moderately punctate, more closely on the vertex and in a triangular
frontal area, spots faint. Eyes separated in the male by a distance subequal
to the vertical width of their upper lobes, or by about one and three-fourths
times the length of the basal joint of the antennae; in the female by two and
one-half times the length of the basal antennal joint; ocular lines distinct and
at rather less than one-fourth the distance from the eye to the median line.
Antennae attaining the hind coxae in the male, or the humeri in the female,
terminal joint and apices of several of the outer joints dusky.
Prothorax moderately transverse, sides convergent from base to apex,
more feebly so in basal fifth, feebly arcuate; surface finely not very closely
nearly evenly punctate, with a few minute interstitial punctures; side margins
narrowly smooth, the median hne sometimes imperfectly so.
Elytra not ( 9 ) or just perceptibly (cT) wider at base than the prothorax,
slightly narrowed posteriorly; punctures not very coarse, striae not impressed,
apical portion of the first and second, and the seventh and eighth throughout
regular, otherwise striae much confused, though variably so; scutellar area
rather closely confusedly punctured; marginal interspace wide, impunctate;
submarginal interspace narrower but nearly even throughout.
Body beneath entirely pale; legs pale, femoral clouds very faint.
Length 3.5 to 4.5 mm; width 1.75 to 2.5 mm.
Distribution. — Occurs along the Lower Colorado River in
California and Arizona. Three examples only are before me,
the type a female collected by myself at Yuma, Cal., July 3;
a male collected by Dr. Fenyes at Yuma, Apr. 22, and a female
taken by Professor Wickham at East Bridge, Ariz., Aug. 21
(Leng. Coll.).
This is a very neat and pretty species, easily separable from
all others by the tabular characters. The front claws in the
male are noticeably a little larger than, the others but not con-
spicuously so.
IG. Pachybrachys mellitus Bowditch
Robust, dark honey yellow, immaculate, integuments very
minutely alutaceous but rather strongly shining, punctures not
or scarcely darker; eyes rather distant, ocular lines fine and quite
H. C. FALL 337
near the eyes; front claws of male not evidently enlarged. Ave.
length 3.7 mm. Western Texas to California.
Head thickh' punctate in the frontal marks, which are broad, faint and ill
defined. Eyes prominent, separated by twice (cf) or three times (9) the
length of the basal antennal joint. Antennae short , barely n>aching the humeri
in the female and not passing the middle of the metastenium in the male;
outer joints blackish.
Prothorax moderately transverse, not much narrowed in front, sides slightly
mcurved at base, surface coarsely somewhat unevenly i)unctate, with scattered
minute interstitial punctures, a narrow incomplete .smooth median line some-
times present.
Elytra nearh' parallel, i>imctuation broadly confused on the disk, the two
outer striae entire and distinctly impressed, the interior ones distinct only
posteriorly, gradually shorter and less impressed toward the suture, interstices
minutely punctulate, elj-tral shield wanting or very small; submarginal stria
with a strong sigmoid flexure behind the humerus; marginal interspace more
or less punctate.
Body beneath yellow with the metasternum and abdomen, except the margins,
more or less rufo-testaceous or pale brown. Legs yellow with diffuse darker
shades at middle of femora.
Length 3.2 to 4.2 mm; width 1.65 to 2.3 mm.
Distribution. — Texas: without definite localit}' (Beyer Coll.); El Paso.
Arizona: Tucson, Dec. 14 (Hubbard), July 13-15 (Wickham); Phoenix;
Florence, Aug. 10 (Biederman); Bill ^^'illiams Fork, Aug. (Eugene Smyth).
Utah: St. George, July (Wickham). California: Palm Springs, Feb. 14 (Hub-
bard); Olancha, Jime (Fenyes); Needles (Wickham). Bowditch also gives
IMojave, Inyo Mts. and Darwin — all collected by Wickham.
17. Pachybrachys xantholucens new species
Very similar in form, size and color to mellitus, differing as follows: Color
a slightly deeper yellow as a rule, with, in most specimens, faint traces of the
basal portions of the thoracic M; upper surface poUshed throughout, without
trace of minute alutaceous sculpture; front without ocular lines, the supra-
orbital groove being strictly marginal throughout ; eyes more distant, separated
by about two and one-half times (cf ) or 4 times ( 9 ) the length of the basal
antennal joint, the distance in the latter sex being as great or slightly greater
than the vertical length of the eye. Elytral striae more regular than in
mellitus, punctures much sparser and more nearly serial in the scutellar area;
second elj-tral interspace wide in posterior half; marginal intersi)ace nearh-
or quite impunctate.
Length 2.6 to 4 mm; width 1.4 to 2.35 mm.
Distribution. —Texas: El Paso (type c?); "Texas" (Horn Coll.), (Wickliam);
Chisos jVlts., July 16 (Wenzel). New Mexico: Alamogordo, Apr. 29 (Viereck.).
18. Pachybrachys jacobyi Bowditch
^Moderately robust, pale whitish or grayish yellow, thickly,
finely and for the most part diffusedly punctate, the punctures
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
338 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
often pale brown but sometimes without color, integuments
shining, not at all or scarcely alutaceous; eyes distant in both
sexes; ocular lines present; front claws of male not enlarged.
Ave. length 3.5 mm. Texas to Colorado and California.
Head rather closely punctate except in front and near the eyes, frontal
marks wanting or with only the impressed line darker and faint traces of a
vertical spot; ocular lines distinct, one-third to one-fourth the distance from
the eye to the median line, blackish above, becoming colorless and fine between
the eyes, evanescent inferiorly. Eyes small but somewhat prominent, in
the male separated by the vertical length of the eye or about three times the
length of the basal antennal joint; in the female by about three and one-half
times the length of the basal joint. Antennae blackish apically, attaining the
hind coxae in the male and the middle of the metasternum in the female.
Prothorax not strongly transverse, about one-third wider than long, sides
broadly arcuate, feebly narrowed in front, surface rather closely, subevenly,
not coarsely punctate, side margins smoother.
Elytra one-sixth to one-fifth wider than the prothorax, sides parallel, punc-
tuation confused, sometimes arranged toward the rear and sides in unimpressed
lines of greater or less length; the elytral shield sometimes indicated but usually
not.
Body beneath entirely pale or with the metasternum and abdomen more or
less blackish. Legs pale.
Length 3 to 4 mm; width 1.5 to 2 mm.
Distribution. — California: Amadee, July 21; Bridgeport; Indio, Aug. 19
(all collected by Wickham); San Diego Co. (Coquil'ett); Brawley, May 2.
Arizona: Phoenix (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.); Cottonia, Apr. 18; Bright Angel,
July 5; "Ariz" (Morrison); Winslow (Wickham); Seligman, July 30 (Wick-
ham). Utah: St. George, July (Wickham); South Creek, Beaver Co., June 22
(Schafer Coll). New Mexico: Coolidge (Hubbard & Schwarz Coll.); Bernalillo
Co. (Leng Coll.). Colorado: Grand Junction (H. Osborn); "Col" (Am. Ent.
Soc. Coll.); La Junta (var. fide Bowditch). Texas: without specific locality.
There is in this species very little sexual difference in the form
of the terminal joint of the maxillary palpus, this being nearlj^ as
pointed in the male as in the female. A considerable amount of
variation in elytral punctuation is observable in the series at hand.
According to Bowditch the La Junta, Colorado, specimens (which
I have not seen) are much more coarsely punctate, almost scab-
rous in some females; these he considered to have no more than
varietal standing. In a Bridgeport, California, female there is
a very indefinite M on the thorax and the standard outside
elytral spots are faintly indicated (fide Bowditch),
Specimens of this species from N. Sonora, Mexico, collected
by Morrison and bearing the label "P. livens Lee, Jacobj' det."
have recently been sent to me from the British Museum. These
H. C. FALL 339
are doul^tless some of the ^Mexican specimens recorded as livens
in the Biologia.
19. Paehybrachys densus Piowditch
Small, above pale testaceous or dirty yellow, ver}- thickly
finely diffusely punctate, scarcely shining; eyes moderatel)^ dis-
tant, ocular lines distinct, front claws of male not enlarged.
Ave. length 2.1 mm. Arizona and southeastern California.
Head closely punctate as a rule, but varying considerably, frontal niark.s
vague or nearly wanting. Eyes a little more prominent than the front angles
of the prothorax, separated in the male by twice, and in the female by two
and one-half times the length of the basal antennal joint. Antennae attain-
ing the middle of the elytra in the male, about the middle of the humeral lobe
in the female, dusky toward the tip.
Prothorax moderately transverse, very little narrowed in front, sides feebly
arcuate to nearly straight, disk without or with at most faint traces of basal
marks; punctuation dense, but a little uneven, extending nearly or cjuite to the
side margins.
Elytra more or less densely, diffusely punctate throughout, sometimes with
one or two lines of punctures defined at sides, while two or three narrower inter-
vals may be traceable on the disk in some examples — usually females.
Body beneath black except for the side and apical margins. Legs pale,
usually with darker clouds at the middle of the femora and tibiae — more often
the four posterior ones.
Length 1.8 to 2. .5 mm; width 1.1 to 1.4.5 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Tucson (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.), (Liebeck Coll.);
Bill Williams Fork (Snow Coll.); also many specimens from "Ariz" in Xat.
IMus. Coll. (Morrison), Horn Coll., Leng Coll. etc. A variety (?) in the Xat.
jNIus. Coll. (Hubbard & Schwarz) was taken at Catalina Springs, May 7.
California: Needles (Wickham).
An easily recognized species by its small size, dull dingy yellow
color and dense diffuse punctuation.
20. Paehybrachys immaculatus .Jacoby
Rather robust, pale dull yellow above with brown iMuictures,
finely alutaceous, scarcely shining; prothoracic markings pale,
diffuse and nearly obsolete; elytra immaculate, rarely with faint
traces of standard spots; ocular hnes fine and near the eyes; the
latter moderately distant; front claws of male not enlarged.
Ave. length 2.8 mm. Texas to Arizona.
i/c«(/ rather small, moderately closely jmnctato, frontal spots nearly wanting.
Eyes not prominent, separated by about two {d') to two and one-half (9)
times the length of the basal antennal joint. Antennae pale basally. dusky
toward the apex, reaching about the middle of the elytra in the male, some-
what shorter in the female.
TR.\NS. AM. ENT. .SOC, XLI.
340 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
Prothorax not strongly transverse, sides broadly arcuately convergent from
near the base, punctuation close and nearly uniformly dispersed, side margins
narrowly smooth.
Elytra a Uttle less than twice as long as the prothorax, rather finely confusedly
punctate or with subregular close set short lines of punctures between the base
and the conspicuous elytral shield; externally with a variable nimiber of un-
impressed striae, marginal interspace usually with a few punctures near the
base, more rarely extending to or behind the middle. Pygidiimi yellow,
scarcely maculate basally.
Body beneath browai or fuscous except the side and apical abdominal mar-
gins. Legs pale, femora with diffuse brown median spot, tibiae feebly brown-
ish apically.
Length 2.3 to 3.3 mm.; width 1.35 to 1.8 mm.
Distribution. — Texas: Lee Co. (Leng Coll.); Dimmit Co. (Hubbard &
Schwarz); "Tex" (Horn Coll.); San Diego, May 6 and June 13; Corpus Christi;
Brownsville, May and June (Nat. Mus. Coll.); Brownsville, July (Beyer),
July 28 (Schaeffer). New Mexico: Colorado, July 10 (Cockerell). Arizona:
Santa Rita Mts., 5C00-S000 ft., July (Snow); San Bernardino Ranch, Cochise
Co., 3750 ft. (Snow and E. G. Smyth); Nogales, 4000 ft., Aug. 19 (Xunen-
macher); Chiricahua Mts., June 1 (Nat. Mus. Coll.); Florence (Horn Coll.),
May 8, and Aug. 10 (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.); Tucson (Liebeck Coll.).
This appears to be a common species along om- southern border.
It has been identified a,s inuuacidatus by Bowditch, doubtless
from comparison with authentic examples, and the description
seems to fit well enough. It was described from near the City
of Mexico (H. H. Smith) and from La Paroda (Salle).
21. Pachybrachys insidiosus new species.
Pale grayish yellow, feebly and obscurely maculate with brown ;
thickly rather finely almost entirely confusedly brown punctate,
integuments very finely alutaceous; eyes widely separated; front
with ocular lines; front claws of male not appreciably enlarged.
Length 2.9 mm. Arizona.
Head thickly nearly uniformly punctate, markings obsolete. Eyes separated
in the male by a distance almost as great as their vertical length, or by about
three times the length of the basal antennal joint; in the female by a distance
somewhat greater than their vertical length or by about three and one-half
times the length of the basal antennal joint. Antennae dusky, paler basally,
scarcely haK the length of the body in either sex, tenth joint but little more
than twice as long as wide.
Prothorax moderately transverse, sides broadly arcuate and moderately
convergent from near the base; puncluatiou close, nearly evenly distributed,
narrowly sparser along the side margins, the latter smooth for a short distance
basally, the M vaguely represented by brownish clouds.
Elytral punctuation diffuse, with only a few short fragments of unimi)ressed
H. C. FALL 341
striae on the convexity, and with the submarginal striae in part defined; a
lateral series of three small faint darker spots, and vague traces of small discal
clouds; shield small but distinct.
Pygidium entirely pale; body beneath brown, the abdomen with pale mar-
gins. Legs testaceous, middle and hind thighs with diffuse dark rings.
Length 2.9 mm.; width 1.75 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Tempe, Mar. 28. The type is a female example
sent by Professor Cockerell, and reported as having occurred on date palm.
A male from "Ari" is quite surely identical.
This species is very similar to immaculatus in most respects but
the latter rarely shows any traces of elytral spots, the basal
antennal joint is larger and there are several well defined unim-
pressed lateral striae. In general aspect intsidiosu.s is also not
unlike some examples of hepaticus but the resemblance is purely
superficial, insidiosus being a perfectly normal Pachybrachys
in all essential respects.
22. Pachybrachys marginipennis Bowditch
Yellow, surface finely alutaceous and scarcely or at most only
moderately shining; head and prothorax with the standard marks
represented by diffuse pale reddish brown clouds, elytra immac-
ulate with sutural and lateral edge very narrowly black; ocular
lines present, rather close to the eyes; front claws of male rather
strongly enlarged. Ave. length 2.75 mm. Southern California.
Head closely browai punctate, more densely so in the darker areas as usual.
Eyes as a rule separated by about one and one-half times the length of the basal
antennal joint, and by twice the length of the basal joint in the female. An-
tennae long, fully reaching the hind coxae in the. female, and the middle of the
abdomen in the male, outer joints dusky or blackish, basal three joints more
or less blackish above, pale below.
Prothorax moderately transverse, sides broadly but somewhat angularly
rounded at basal fourth, whence they are slightly arcuate and convergent
to the apex, less obviously so to base, with a small sinuation before the sharplj^
defined basal angles; punctuation moderately close, a little uneven in distribu-
tion, sparse or narrowly wanting along the side margins.
Elytra about twice as long as the prothorax, one-third longer th;in wide,
parallel sides barely perceptibly sinuate, punctures very nearly equal in size
and density to those of the prothorax, largely diffuse but often arranged in
lines toward the sides and on the convexity, the marginal inter.space punctate
throughout. Pygidium black and yellow.
Body beneath sometimes entirely yellow, but usually with the metasternum
and abdomen in part black. Legs pale throughout or tlie femora and tibiae
with diffuse median clouds.
TRAXS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
342 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
Length 2.5 to 3 mm.; width 1.35 to 1.65 mm.
Distribution. — California: San Diego, May 1 to June 1; Los Angeles Co.
(Coquillett in Nat. Mas. Coll.); Pasadena. Type from San Diego (Bowditch
Coll.).
There is very little variation in color of upper surface in this
species, but a considerable amount in punctuation of the elytra.
In some specimens the diffusion is almost complete, but in most
examples the submarginal (eighth) stria is fairly regular, as are
often the seventh and the terminal portions of others, no two
specimens, however, being quite alike. The punctures of the
marginal interspace are variable in number, but extend through-
out its length and are scarcely different in size from those of the
submarginal stria, with which they are often confused.
23. Pachybrachys punctatus Bowditch.
Flavo- to rufo-testaceous, finely alutaceous and moderatel}^
or feebly shining; frontal marks small, prothorax with faint
diffuse livid or pale brown clouds, elytra either immaculate or
with some or all of the standard spots indicated, punctures brown,
largely diffuse, sutural edge blackish; ocular lines fine, usually
quite close to the eyes; front claws of male distinctly enlarged.
Ave. length 3.2 mm. California.
Head moderately, but unevenly punctate; eyes not prominent, separated by
from rather less than one and one-half to about one and three-fourths times
the length of the basal antennal joint in the male and by a little more than
twice the basal joint in the female. Antennae very slender, attaining or
slightly passing the middle of the ejj^ra in the male, shorter in the female,
yellow basally, dusky beyond the middle.
Prothorax not very strongly transverse in the male, moderately so in the
female, sides narrowed in front, broadly subangulate posteriorly and a little
convergent before the basal angles; not very thickly, somewhat unevenly
punctate, side margins narrowly smoother.
Elytra broadly diffusely punctate on the disk, one or two of the lateral striae
more or less distinct — especially in the male — but scarcely at all impressed, the
punctures also becoming subserial on the declivity; marginal interspace
punctured throughout its length as a rule (rarely with but few punctures),
and in the female the punctures are usually confused with those of the sub-
marginal stria; elytral shield wanting or but faintly indicated.
Pygidium pale, the base, from which projects a median spur, and a small
spot each side blackish.
Body beneath varying from entirely pale to almost entirely blackish. Legs
pale, the hind femora often with small median spot.
Length 2.8 to 3.G mm.; width 1.1 to 1.9 mm.
H. C. FALL 343
Distribulion . — Widely diffused in California. The 1yi)e locality is San
Bernardino Mts. Bowditeh also gives Independence. The following locali-
ties are represented before me: San Bernardino Mts., 5000 ft., July 12;
Los Gatos (Hubbard & Schwarz); Santa Cruz Mts. (Xut. Mus. Coll.); Santa
Cruz, June (Nunenmacher) ; Vine Hill, Contra Costa Co., June 7 (Blaisdell);
Burlingame, San Mateo Co., July 10; Fairfax, Marin Co., July 2, and Sabre
Vista, Sonoma Co., July 11 (Van Dyke); Bartlett Springs, June (Fenyes);
Yreka (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.); Santa Catalina Island, July 30 :iiid Aug. 21.
Yav. shasta Bowditeh
The type of thi.s supposed species repr(>seiUs only an extreme
form of pundatus, in which the elytral spots are well developed.
I have precisely similar specimens from northern CaHfornia and
these are connected gradually with typical piinctatu.'s in my own
collection, and seemingly in Bowditch's collection judging from
his description, although he did not recognize the relationship.
He mentions only females in his description, and in my experi-
ence it is only in this sex that the spots are completely developed.
In the most conspicuously marked examples the rear spots
coalesce into an irregular transverse band, and also unite with
the middle interior spot.
Specimens are known to me from Castle Crag (type locality —
coll. by Fen^'es) ; McCloud, June (Fenyes); Marin Co. (Van
Dyke's and my own collection).
Aside from the rather extreme variation in markings from
immaculate in some pinidatus to completely maculate in t3-pical
shasta, this species is also more variable than usual in some other
respects, more especially in the width of the front between the
eyes, and in the punctuation at the sides of the elytra. Bow-
ditch describes this from one male and seven females. I have seen
the single male, which is marked "type," but have seen none of
the females of the type series; I have, however, before me a female
from the type region — San Bernardino Mts. — labeled }))indati(s
in Bowditch's handwriting and upon it I am depending largely
for ni}^ conception of the species. P)(ndatu-s is very closely
allied to both arizonensis and inarginijjennis; indeed I have seen
an example of the latter labeled pundatus by Bowditeh; as yet,
however, I have seen no indication whatever of elytral markings
in either arizonensis or marginipennis and the tabular characters
may perhaps prove to be quite reliable.
TRAN.S. AM. ENT. SOC, XIJ.
344 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
24. Pachybrachys convictus new species
Rufo-testaceous, finely alutaceous, lustre dull; prothorax with
small pale brown spots representing the basal parts of the stand-
ard M; elytra immaculate, more rarely with the standard spots
more or less developed; ocular lines present but not very con-
spicuous and quite close to the eyes; front claws of male much
enlarged. Ave. length 3.25 mm. California.
Head moderately punctate; eyes not prominent, separated in the male by
one and one-half times the length of the basal antennal joint, or by a distance a
trifle greater than the length of the first two joints; in the female by barely
twice the length of the basal joint. Antennae passing the middle of the elytra
in the male and attaining the basal third in the female.
Prothorax moderately transverse, sides quite strongly rounded behind the
middle, punctuation moderately strong and close, leaving scattered small
smooth areas which are a little more elevated.
Ehjtral striae more or less impressed in the male, irregular but fairly contin-
uous except in the baso-sutural triangle, the fifth and sixth striae much broken
or confused at middle. In the female the punctuation is more confused, with
three more or less clearly defined intervals, the marginal interval more numer-
ously punctate and the submarginal stria more confused than in the inale, as
is frequently the case in other species; shield small but evident.
Body beneath blackish in great part; legs pale, the femora scarcely or feebly
clouded at middle.
Length 3.1 to 3.4 mm.; width 1.6 to 1.75 mm.
Distribution.— California: Folsom, Aug. 7 (Nat. Mus. Coll.) type; Sacra-
mento Co., July. Several specimens collected by Coquillett in Los Angeles
Co. are a little smaller (2.8 to 3 mm.) with darker punctures; these look a
little different from the typical form, but a search for characters fails to reveal
a sufficient basis for a distinctive name.
25. Pachybrachys arizonensis Bowditch
Cylindrical, light yellow or pale rufo-testaceous, pale brown
punctate, minutely alutaceous and feebly or not shining, pro-
thorax with faint diffuse rufous clouds; ocular lines distinct,
finely impressed; front claws of male obviously enlarged. Ave.
length 3.4 mm. Kansas and Texas to California.
Head moderal(>ly thickly punctate, except within the ocular emarginations,
with the usual rufous or brownish markings. Eyes scarcely prominent, sepa-
rated by the length of the basal two joints of the antennae or slightly more in
the male, and by about two and one-half times the length of the basal joint in
the female. Antennae very slender, attaining the posterior third of the elytra
in the male and the hind coxae in the female, pale yellow, dusky at tip.
Prothorax moderately transverse, rather small in the female, sides arcuately
subparallel basally and narrowed in front in the male, slightly convergent
H. C. FALL 345
from the base in the female, and either nearly straight or with a slight post-
median angulation; punctuation moderately close, not coarse, side margins
smooth.
Elytra with the striae broadly discally more or less irregular or confused, more
distinct on the declivity, the seventh and eighth fairly regular as a rule in the
male (the seventh less so in the female), a little imi)ressed and with close set
roimd punctures; marginal interspace with numerous punctures in basal half
or two-thirds; shield small or nearly wanting; marginal j^unctures of the
humeral lobe wanting or nearly so.
Pygidium, under surface and legs entirely pale.
Length 2.8 to 4 mm.; width 1.4 to 2.1 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Prescott (type); Grand Canon, July 4; "Ari."
(Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.). New Mexico: Jemez Springs (Casey). California:
Bishop, June (Fenyes); '-Cal." (Horn Coll.). Utah: Utah Lake, June 20
(Hubbard & Schwarz). Colorado: (Beyer Coll.). Kanma: Douglas Co.
(Snow); Salina (Knaus). Texas: Davis Mts., July 11 (Weii/.el).
The Kansas specimens are all females. There seem to be no
differences of any moment Ijetween them and the typical Ari-
zona form, but in the absence of males the reference here is
tentative.
26. Pachybrachys lodingi Bo wd itch
Robust, convex, suboval, dull pale yellow with blackish lirown
punctures, elytra with subregular impressed striae; prothoracic
M much broken and usually feebly marked, elytra without spots,
rarely with the standard spots faintly indicated; front without
ocular lines, these being strictly contiguous to the eyes; front
claws of male not enlarged. Ave. length 2.7 mm. North Caro-
lina to Florida.
Head rather sparsely punctate, frontal marks small, eyes distant in both
sexes, separated in the male by nearly three times the length of the basal
antennal joint or by nearly or quite the vertical length of the eye; usually a
little more di.stant in the female. Antennae rather short, scarcely more than
half the length of the body in the male, still shorter in the female.
Prothorax rather long, arcuately narrowed in front, i)unctuation rather
coarse, not dense, somewhat irregular, lateral margin smooth.
Elytra usually distinctly less than twice as long as the i)rothorax, widest at
base, pimctures mostly in fairly regular series, somewhat confused in a small
scutellar area, also with striae four to six more or less confused at middle;
marginal interspace with a row of coarse punctures, rather remote basally, but
as a rule more numerous toward the apex; point of humeral vunbo, and suture
very narrowly blackish; shield fairly distinct.
Pygidium and legs almost entirely pale; body beneath in great part l)lackish.
Length 2. 'S to 3 mm.; width 1.35 to 1.05 mm.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
346 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
Distribution.- — Alabama: Mobile cand vicinity, May and June (Loding);
Oak Grove, June 17 (Soltau). Florida: Crescent City (Hubbard & Schwarz,
Van Duzee); Enterprise, May, and Key West (Leng Coll.); Hillsboro,
Tampa and Crescent City (Nat. Mus. Coll.); Jacksonville (Ashmead Coll.);
Kissimmee (Van Dyke Coll.). Georgia: without definite locality, various
collections. North Carolina: Southern Pines, June (Manee). Ohio: A
single specimen sent by Diiry bears label Cincinnati.
This species is quite easil}^ recognized by its stout suboval
form, pale color and subregular striae. There is considerable
variation in several respects; the ocular lines are usually ap-
parently absent, but occasionally are detectable a little removed
from the eyes. The sexes differ less than usual in cephalic
characters, the eyes in some males being fully as distant as in
some females, and the terminal joint of the maxillary palpi is usu-
ally— or at least often — nearly as pointed as in the female.
27. Pachybrachys placidus new species
Dull yellow, prothorax reddish yellow, head reddish brown,
lustre dull, upper surface without spots, venter dusky except
the margins; ocular lines wanting. Ave. length 3 mm. Ari-
zona.
Head thickly punctate, uniformly dark reddish brown. Eyes lai'ge but
scarcely prominent, separated in the female by a distance equal to the length
of the first two antennal joints, and much less than the vertical width of their
upper lobes. Antennae short, not ciuite half as long as the body ( 9 ), joints
nine and ten twice as long as wide, outer joints dusky.
Prothorax moderately transverse, widest at about basal fourth, sides a little
retracted and slightly sinuate before the basal angles, moderately convergent
and broadly arcuate toward the front, closely punctate almost to side margins,
the latter very narrowly smooth.
Elytra parallel, about twice as long as the prothorax, quite regularly striate
in posterior half, the punctures more or less confused anteriorly, more especially
in a narrow baso-sutural triangle; striae everywhere finely impressed, a little
more noticeably at sides, the punctures fine and scarcely at all brownish; sub-
marginal stria nearly regular, the mai'ginal interspace punctured subserially
in basal half; shield small but distinct.
Legs pale throughout; front claws (9) barely appreciably larger than the
others.
Length 2.75 to 3.15 mm.; width 1.4 to 1.7 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Huachuca Mts., July 14-20 (Wenzcl).
Only two examples of this species — both females — have l)een
submitted to me. It is easih' recognizable among the yellow
species by the narrowly separated eyes and absence of ocular
H. C. FALL 347
lines. Judging from analogy the eyes must ])e quite closely
approximate in the male. As frequently occurs, two or three of
the discal elytral intervals are more regular and entire, and these
attract the eye; this may not be true in the male, it being espe-
cially characteristic of the females in numerous species.
28. Pachybrachys livens LeConte
Pale yellow, fineh' alutaceous, scarcely or foc^bly shining,
punctures not or but little darker, prothorax with a median,
rufo-testaceous or pale brownish stripe; ocular lines distinct and
distant from the eyes; front claws of male not apprccialjly en-
larged. Ave. length 2.7 mm. California.
Head rather sparsely punctate, spots small and pale excei)t that on the
vertex, which is usually well developed and pale brown, the others often nearly
or quite obsolete. Eyes separated by twice (cf ) or about three ( 9 ) times the
length of the basal antennal joint. Antennae long in the male, attaining the
middle of the abdomen, in the female reaching about to the hind coxae, almost
entirely pale, the apices of the outer joints dusky.
Prothorax moderately transverse, sides moderately convergent from the
hind angles, feebly very obtusely subangulate at about the basal third, punctu-
ation not very close, side margins smooth, a rufo-testaceous or i)ale brown
entire nearly parallel sided median stripe occupying a little less than the middle
third; lateral spots wanting.
Elytra entirely yellow, punctures rather dense and confused in a moderate-
sized baso-sutural triangle, the striae elsewhere fairly regular, lightly impressed
laterally and posteriorly; submarginal stria nearly straight; marginal inter-
space with one or two punctures near the base; shield small and inconspicuous.
Pygidium entirely yellow; body beneath more or less reddish brown with the
usual pale margins; legs entirely pale.
Length 2..3 to 3 mm.; width 1.2.5 to 1.65 mm.
Distribution. — California: Colorado River on Salix (type); Yuma, July 3;
Pomona, June 11; Los Angeles, Aug. 16 (Wickham); Tulare Co. (Leng Coll.);
Kaweah (Hopping); Los Angeles Co. (Coquillett in Nat. :\Ius. Coll.); Bishop,
June (Wickham).
Jacoby records this species from Mexico, but some of the speci-
mens which he so identifies recently sent me, prove to be jacobiji
Bowd.
29. Pachybrachys mercurialis new species
Light yellow, pale brown punctate, integuments polished,
elytra immaculate, prothorax with small diffuse pale l)rownish
clouds, the three representing the basal extremities of the M
most evident; front claws of male not enlarged. Ave. length
2.75 mm. California and Utah.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
348 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
Head sparsely finely punctate, front broadly feebly convex, spots small or
nearly wanting; ocular lines wanting or feebly indicated and close to the eyes;
eyes separated by from rather more than twice to nearly three times the
length of the basal antennal joint in the male, and by from three to three and
one-half times the length of the basal joint in the female; antennae slender,
blackish in outer half, fuUy two-thirds the length of the body in the male, the
tenth joint more than twice as long as wide.
Prothomx moderately transverse, sides nearly straight and moderately
convergent from the base, feebly roundly dilated at about the basal third,
especially in the male, punctuation rather fine and not very close, side margins
smooth.
Elytra twice as long as the prothorax, striae lightly impressed and for the
most part distinct, the intermediate ones (3 to 6) often sinuous or somewhat
confused, seventh and eighth regular, marginal interspace rarely completely
impunctate, typically with a few punctures at and behind the subbasal dis-
location of the eighth stria; baso-sutural triangle of confused punctures rather
small; shield large, elongate, occupying about two-thirds the post-median
part of the interval.
Pygidiimi black at base, a median spur and two small subdetached spots of
same color. Legs pale, median femoral clouds barely visible.
Length 2.5 to 3.2 mm.; width 1.2 to 1.7 mm.
Distribution. — California: Isabella, Kern Co., June 1 (Pilate), type cT)
Olancha, Kern Co., June 4 (Fenyes); Siskiyou Co., July (Nat. Mas. Coll.);
"Cal" (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.). Utah : Salt Lake, June 13 (Hubbard & Schwarz).
In the type series there is more or less evidence of faint ocular
lines very near the eyes. These are not noticeable in the Siski-
you specimens nor in the series from "Cal" (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.).
These last — all females — differ further in having the front more
coarsely and closely punctate. These differences do not seem
of much moment, more especially since there is a tendency
toward a somewhat coarser punctuation of the front in the females
of the typical form, and moreover in this sex the faint ocular
lines are least discernable. A small male from Monterey, Cali-
fornia (collected by Fenyes), is placed here provisionally. It has
the elytral punctures darker and seemingly coarser, and the point
of the shoulder knol) dark; it may possibly be a variety of laevis.
30. Pachybrachys parvinotatus new species
Yellow, lustre dull, head and prothorax finely alutaceous, the
former with the standard marks dark l^rown or l)lackish, the
latter usually with three small basal fuscous spots, the middle one
usually darkest, the lateral ones often faint; elytra with the
point of the shoulder knot), and the sutural edge blackish; front
H. C. FALL 349
without ocular lines; front claws of male not enlarged. Ave.
length 2.9 mm. Colorado and Kansas.
Head finely and rather closely punctate; eyes separatccl in the male by a
distance subequal to the length of the basal two joints of the antennae or to
the vertical width of the upper lobe of the eye; in the female by fully twice
the length of the basal joint. Antennae moderate, half as long as the body in
the female, basal two joints with more or less distinct black spots above, outer
joints blackish.
Prothorax densely punctate, the side margins smooth as a rule, though usually
very narrowly so; the M i-epresented by the three basal spots.
Elytra excessively minutely wrinkled, lustre dull, punctures more or less
completely confused in a rather large baso-sutural triangle, the striae fairly
distinct and moderately impressed posterioi'ly and at sides.
Pygidium narrowly blackish at base, the median spur of the blackish border
small, the lateral spots faint or obsolete; body beneath blackish, the abdomen
more or less yellow; legs j-ellow with faint pale brown femoral clouds.
Length 2.7 to 3.1. mm.; width 1.4 to 1.65 mm.
Distribution. — Colorado: (type 9) withovit definite locality. (Horn and
Nat. Mus. Colls.). Kansas: Hamilton Co. (Snow); Meade, June 12 (Knaus).
One specimen (Horn Coll.) is labeled "Cal," possibly in error for Col.
31. Pachybrachys mitis new species
Dull yellow, minutely alutaceous, not shining, brown punctate,
cephalic spots well developed, darker brown; prothoracic spots
rather small but diffuse, paler brown; ocular lines wanting; front
claws of male not enlarged. Ave. length 2.6 mm. Texas.
Head moderately punctate, closer as usual in the darker areas. Ej-es
separated in the male by slighth^ less than twice the length of the basal anten-
nal joint, or by a distance slightly greater than the vertical width of the upper
lobe of the eye; m the female by a little more than twice the length of the basal
joint of the antennae. .Antennae three-fourths as long as the body in the
male, tenth joint more than twice as long as wide, basal joints i)ale, the first
two with dark spots on the upper side, outer joints blackish.
Prothorax moderately large in the male, ahnost as wide as the elytra, widest
at basal fourth or fifth, distinctly and somewhat arcuately narrowed anteri-
orly; smaller in the female with the sides less rounded behind; jiunct nation
close and fairly even, side margins more or less narrowly smooth.
Elytra cylindrical, sides parallel, scarcely sinuate behind the humeri, with-
out spots, sutural edge darker, and sometimes also the humeral innbo; punc-
tures arranged in lines throughout except in a small scut ellar i\roii, the striae
obviously impressed, brown from the color of the close set punctures, the
middle ones — especially five and six — more or less broken and irr>'gular at and
in front of the middle; submarginal stria with a strong sigmoiil dislocation at
base; marginal intersjjace impunctate; shield distinct.
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
350 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
Pijgidium black and yellow; body beneath blackish, apical ventral margin
pale. Legs pale with median blackish or brown shades on the femora, and
traces of such on the tibiae.
Length 2.4 to 2.75 mm.; width 1.3 to 1.45 mm.
Distribution.— Texas: Flatonia, July 30 (H. A. Wenzel), d' t^pe; Seabrook,
Aug. 6 (Wenzel); San Diego, May 3 (Schwarz); Lavaca Co. (Hubbard &
Schwarz); "Tex." (Nat. Mus. Coll.). Several females from Columbus (Hub-
bard & Schwarz) have the marginal interspace of the el>^ra punctate; they are
placed here provisionally.
In a general way this species is rather close to the preceding,
but is smaller, the thoracic M more completely represented, the
elytral punctures coarser, less numerous and less confused. The
frontal spots are unusually heavy for a yellow species. In two
examples small faint standard spots are evident on the elytra.
32. Pachybrachys coloradensis Bowditch
Small, pale whitish or grayish yellow, brown punctate, elytra
fairly regularly punctate striate, head and prothorax polished,
elytra a little less shining but not visibly alutaceous; eyes widely
distant; ocular lines distinct but fine; front claws of male not
enlarged. Ave. length 2.3 mm. Hocky ]\Iountains, Montana to
Arizona.
Head rather large, front feebly convex, the standard markings nearly
obsolete, or at most represented by a narrow median line and an ill-defined
spot on the vertex; punctuation not close; ocular lines fine, not or scarcely
impressed inferiorly. Eyes small, distant by more than their own length in
both sexes, a little more widely in the female as usual. Antennae moderate,
blackish in outer half, attaining the hind coxae in the male.
Prothorax with moderately close nearly evenly diffused rather coarse punc-
tures, side margins narrowly smoother, spots entirely wanting or small and
faint.
Elytra with finely imi)ressed striae, which are fairly distinct throughout
except in a moderate sized baso-sutural triangle, where they are confused;
shield wanting; marginal interspace with a few punctiu'es at base.
Pygidium entirely yellow or with the base very narrowly black, bod^- be-
neath blackish with the usual ptde margins. Legs pale, with small brownish
spots on the thighs.
Length 2 to 2.65 mm.; width 1 to 1.35.
Distribution. — Colorado: Cok)ra(lo Springs, .Tune 15 to 30, type (Coll. by
Wickham). A'ew Mexico: Coolidge (VVickhamJ. Arizona: Winslow, July
31 (Barber & Schwarz). Utah: Salt Lake, July 4 (Hubbard & Schwarz);
Clear Lake (Wickham); Sevier Lake (type sevier Bowd. — Bowditch Coll.).
Montana: Without definite locality (Leng Coll.). Wyoming: Green River
(Bowditch Coll. as sevier).
H. C. FALL 351
This species is easily recognized by the small size, pale color,
subequal elytral striae, very distant eyes,- fine ocular lines and
small front claws in the male. It is cjuite widely dispersed in the
Rocky Mountain region. After a careful examination of the
type of sevier Bowd. I am unable to separate it from coloradcnsis.
It differs from a cotype of the latter, kindly given me by ^Ir.
Bowditch, only in being a grain stouter, and more yellow; the
marginal interval of the elytra is a bit more numerously punctate
basally and there are three punctures behind the middle; this,
however, is everywhere a somewhat variable character.
33. Pachybraehys minor Bowditch
^'crv similar to coloradensis, and distinguishable as follows: The size is
slightly larger, color more distinctly yellow, surface less shining, minutely
alutaceous, prothoracic markings more evident though small, and diffuse as
a rule, and occasionally entirely wanting; side margins of prothorax more
widely smooth. Eyes less distant, separated in both sexes by less than their
own length, though but slightly so in the female; in the male by about two and
one-half times the length of the basal antennal joint. Ocular lines very con-
spicuous and widely distant from the eyes, about two-fifths the distance to
the median line in the male. EMral striae nearly as in coloradensis, the
fifth and sixth more commonly confused at the middle; marginal interspace
without punctures; shield fairly disticnt; abdomen often entirely yellow.
Length 2.3 to 2.9 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Walnut — type (coll. by Wickham); Riverside
(\Mckham). A'ew Mexico: (Leng Coll.). California: Pomona; Pasadena;
Azusa, June and July; Los Angeles Co. (Coquillett in Xat. i\Ius. Coll.); Inde-
pendence, July 7. (Wickham) not quite t^^)ical. Texas: a single specimen
without specific locality seems to be identical.
\av. a
Two examples from San Felipe, Lower California, sent me by
Mr. Beyer, are of a more grayish yellow and show a line of punc-
tures on the marginal interspace extending behind the middle;
the form also seems a trifle stouter.
Although comparison is here made with coloradensis to which
it is closely allied and near which it stands in the table, the resem-
blance of minor to some specimens of viercurialis is even more
striking, but the latter is at once separable by the absence of
ocular lines.
TR.\N.S. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
352 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
34. Fachybrachys nero Bowditch
Dull pale 3'ellow, finely alutaceous, brown punctate, elytral
striae nearly regular, very lightly impressed; prothoracic M
usually pale and poorly defined, more rarely darker and quite
distinct; front with ocular lines; front claws of male not dis-
tinctly enlarged. Ave. length 3 mm. Arizona to western Texas.
Head moderately ])imctate, spots small or moderate, that on the vertex
best developed ; ocular lines distinct, rather near the eyes as a rule but sometimes
a little more distant, notably in the type. Eyes separated by one and three-
fifths to one and four-fifths ( cf ) or by about two and three-fourths ( 9 )
times the length of the basal antennal joint. Antennae long and thin, at-
taining the middle of the abdomen in the male, and the hind coxae in the female.
Prof orax short, strongly transverse, sides nearly straight and moderately
convergent from base to apex; punctuation a little uneven, rather sparse
except in the darker areas, these varying from quite distinct to almost entirely
wanting; side margins rather broadly smooth.
Elytra more than twice as long as the prothorax, sides parallel; punctures
confused in a small scutellar area, elsewhere forming nearly regular browoi
lines, submarginal stria nearly straight at base, marginal interspace without
punctures or with but one or two in the position of the subhumeral dislocation
of the eighth stria; discal intervals — more especially the second and third — wide
posteriorly, the second dilated in the usual position to form the moderate shield,
which is not at all more convex.
Pi/gi'lium yellow, with sometimes a narrow basal blackish margin. Body
beneath brownish or fuscous with the usual paler margins. Legs pale.
LenCfth 2.6 to 3.4 mm.; width 1.3 to 1.8 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Type from Prescott. Several examples from this
locality are before me; also a number of specimens labeled simply "Ari."
New Mexico: Albuquerque (Wickham). Texas: Davis Mountains and Mac-
dona, July (Wenzel).
All the Texas examples are females; they have a slightly dif-
ferent appearance, due perhaps more than anything else to a
little brighter color; I have little doubt, however, that they belong
here.
35. Fachybrachys petronius new species
Rather close to 7iero, the color a brighter yellow, surface finely
alutaceous but somewhat shining, prothoracic markings rather
broad and clearly defined, reddish brown, the median stripe
narrowly divided anteriorly by a pale line; elytral striae less
regular than in nero; often more or less suffused with brown along
the suture. Ave. length 3.1 nun. New Mexico and Arizona.
Head moderately punctate, vertex spot conspicuous, others small; ocular
lines distinct, moderately distant from the eyes. Eyes separated by about
H. C. FALL 353
one and three-fifths (6^) or three ( $ ) tunes the length of the basal antcnnal
joint.
Proihorax strongly transverse, in the female almost twice as wide as long,
not much narrowed in front in the male, the sides very broadly subangulate
behind the middle; in the female straighter and a little more convergent; sur-
face unevenly punctured, the paler areas smooth or much more sparsely punc-
tured, side margins rather broadly smooth.
Elytra fully two and one-half times as long as the prothorax, striae lightly
impressed, four to six more or less contorted or broken at middle, the others
fairh' regular; punctures confused in a narrow baso-sutural region; submarginal
stria with sigmoid dislocation near base, marginal interspace without punctures;
shield distinct.
Body beneath brown with usual pale margins; legs pale, thighs sometimes
with faint median clouds. Front claws of male not apj^rcciably enlarged.
Length 2.75 to 3. .5 mm.; width 1.5 to 1.85 mm.
Distribution. — New Mexico: Jemez Springs (type d^); Las Vegas Hot
Springs, Aug. 2 to 10 (Barber & Schwarz); near Las Vegas Hot Springs, 7000
ft., July (Snow). Arizona: (Morrison — in Xat. Mus. Coll.); -'Ari" (Liebeck
Coll).
36. Pachybrachys tacitus new species
Very closety related to petroni us, the description of which applies
except as follows. The prothorax is a little less transverse, the
sides a trifle more rounded, the markings less complete and less
sharply dejfined, the elytral striae a little coarser and more im-
pressed, the sutiiral region not darker, but with a tendency in
some specimens toward the development of lateral spots.
Distribution. — Arizona: Miller Caiion, Huachuca Mts., (Wenzel) tj'pe
cf , also taken in these mountains bj' Beyer and Schaeffer; Santa Rita
Mts., 5,000 to 8,000 ft. (Snow); Chiricahua Mts., June 1. (Hubbard &
Schwarz); Nogales, Sept. 6. (Nunenmacher); "Ari " (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.).
37. Pachybrachys abdominalis Say
Cylindrical, convex, pale yellow, minutely alutaceous, not or
feebly shining, punctures pale brown to blackish, arranged in
fairly regular feebly or scarcely impressed striae on the elytra
except in the scutellar region; cephalic and prothoracic spots
small or subobsolete; ocular lines distinct, well removed from the
eye on the front; front claws of male distinctly larger than the
others. Ave. length 3.5 mm. Manitoba to Texas.
Head unevenly, sparsely to moderately closely punctate; frontal spots small,
vertex spot small, faint, often nearly or quite wanting. Eyes separated by
slightly less than twice the length of the basal antennal joint in the male, and
by about two and three-fourths times the length of this joint in the female.
TRANS. AM, ENT. SOC, XLI.
354 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
Antennae long, attaining the middle of the abdomen in the male, yellow, outer
joints blackish.
Prothorax rather large, distinctly narrowed in front, sides rather strongly
arcuate posteriorly, rounded in somewhat at base, more noticeably so in the
male, punctuation moderately coarse, not dense, side margins smooth.
Elytra twice as long as the prothorax and shghtly wider, punctures confused
in the scutellar region, striae two to eight more or less regular, the eighth with
or without a subhumeral dislocation; marginal interspace with very few punc-
tures, usually near the base, but occasionally one or two may be at or behind
the middle; shield usually ill-defined but occasionally quite distinct.
Pygidium yellow with small black spots, which are occasionally wanting.
Body beneath black with the usual pale abdominal margins more or less
developed. Legs pale, femora with median brownish spots.
Length 3.2.5 to 3.75 mm.; width 1.8 to 2 mm.
Distribution. — The locality given by Say is Missouri, which as
is well known means the Plains of Western Kansas or Nebraska
or possibly Eastern Colorado. The specimens before me bear
the following locality labels:
Manitoba: Winnipeg (Wickham Coll.). South Dakota: Erwin, June (Van
Dyke Coll.). Nebraska: McCook (Wickham). Kansas: Hamilton, Morton
and Clark Cos. (Snow); McPherson and Sahna, June (Knaus). Colorado:
"Col" (Van Dyke Coll.); Greeley and La Junta (Bowditch Coll. as roiundi-
collis). Texas: Bowditch Coll. as rotundicollis.
It cannot be positively asserted that this is the true abdominalis
of Say but I have little doubt of it. It fits the short description
sufficiently well, and rather better than any other; it is from the
same region, and is the species so identified by LeConte. Bow-
ditch describes the present species under the name rotundicollis
and identifies abdominalis differently. A specimen in the Snow
Coll. of what I consider to be the western form of peccans, and
one of diversus n. sp. in the Blanchard Coll. bear the name
abdominalis in Bowditch's handwriting. This confusion — if it
be such — is not strange, for the species peccans is very variable
in its wide range, and in some of its western forms approaches
both abdominalis and diversus so closely as to make the placing
of some examples purely a matter of individual judgment, and
to suggest specific identity of the three. The extremes, however,
look very different, and it is probable that there are really three
distinct species — perhaps more — although I am not now able to
definitely draw the lines of separation.
H. C. FALL 600
Ahdominalis is as a rule slightly larger and more robust, of a
pale grayish yellow color, the head and thorax with at least traces
of the standard spots, Init the elytra without markings — at least
none are mentioned either in the short diagnosis of Say or in the
longer description by Suffrian, who had seen an authentic example
from Say in the Germar Collection.
Peccans averages a trifle smaller, the yellow color somewhat
variable, frequently a little brighter in tint than in ahdominalis
but often not so, the black markings of the head and prothorax
distinct, often large, the elytra nearly always with at least traces
of spots, and not infrequently more black than yellow.
Diversus is somewhat smaller, typically, and indeed almost
always of a brighter yellow than ahdominalis. Many specimens
are as free from markings as ahdominalis, but in others the upper
surface throughout is more or less varied with rust red to fuscous
shades, and some of the more distinctly marked forms are so
like lightly marked western specimens of peccans as to be scarcely
distinguishable.
38. Pachybrachys diversus new species
Yellow, minutely alutaceous, scarcely or slightly shining,
Ih'owu punctured, markings usually pale rust colored and feeble
or nearly wanting, but sometimes darker and more distinct;
ocular lines distinct, moderately distant from the eyes; front
claws evidently enlarged in the male. Ave. length 2.9 mm.
Illinois to Nebraska and south to Texas.
Head unevenly punctured, spots feeble and due chiefly to the grouping of
the brown punctures. Eyes separated in the male by a little more than twice
the length of the basal antennal joint, or by a distance subequal to or slightly
greater than the vertical width of the upper lobe of the eye; in the female by
about three times the length of the basal joint of the antennae. Antennae
thin, outer joints more or less dusky, attaining the apical third of the elytra in
the male and the hind coxae in the female.
Prothorax moderately transverse, widest and moderately strongly arcuate
sHghtly before the base, the sides a little retracted behind, distinctly conver-
gent and broadly rounded or nearly straight anteriorly; disk rather coarsch',
unevenly and not very closely punctate, side margins smooth; standard spots
obsolete or represented by feebly developed and diffuse reddish brown shades.
Elytral striae a little impressed, more or less sinuous — the fifth and sixth
generally the most irregular — but fairly well defined except in a rather small
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
356 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
baso-sutural triangle; submarginal stria with the usual subhumeral interrup-
tion; markings often entirely wanting, and when present usually feeble, con-
sisting of traces of some of the standard spots in pale brown. Rarely the pro-
thoracic markings become heavy and the disk of the elytra is suffused with
darker brown along the suture.
Pygidium pale, the darker basal margin and spots usually feebly defined.
Body beneath variable in color, the abdomen sometimes nearly uniformly
yellow, but more commonly with the median portions darker; sterna usually
of some shade of brown. Legs pale with diffuse light brown shades on the
thighs.
Length 2.5 to 3.3. mm.; width 1.3 to 1.75 mm.
Distribution. — Illinois: Quincy, June 14 (Knaus); "S. 111." (Nat. Mus.
Coll.-Soltau). Iowa: Eastport (Wickham Coll.). Missouri: St. Louis (Nat.
Mus. Coll.-Soltau). Kansas: Clark Co., 1962 ft.. May, and Douglas Co.
(Snow); Salina (Knaus); Rago, August; Medora (Leng Coll.); others from
"Ks" without definite locality. Nebraska: Nebraska City (Wickham Coll. —
Elliott). Dakota: (Wcnzel Coll.). Texas: Dallas (Wickham); Columbus,
June 21, July 28 (Hubbard & Schwarz); Austin (Casey); Camp San Saba,
May 27 (Knaus); Brownsville, May 1 (H. S. Barber); Galveston, May (Snow);
Texas (Leng Coll.); Scabrook, Aug. 5 to 7, identity doubtful (Wenzel). El
Paso, var.? (Fenyes).
The type is a male from Douglas Co., Kansas.
In common with Mr. Bowditch, I had supposed this species to
be the xanthias of Siiffrian until a type of the latter sent nie ])y
Prof. Taschenberg showed it to be an entirely different species.
In its typical form the present species is readily separated
from all others, but in certain of the diverse variations which I
have felt compelled to include under the name there is a very
definite approach to both ahdominalis and peccaiis, so that the
disposition of sundry individuals is purely a matter of opinion.
The tabular characters and remarks under abdominalis will gen-
erally suffice for the separation of the latter from diversus. As
peccans is tabulated in a different part of the genus, a somewhat
detailed comparison may fittingly be given here. Diversus is in
general a rather smaller species than peccans, of a brighter yellow
color, the markings typically nearly wanting and rarely having
anything more than faint rust colored traces of the standard
spots; the pygidium is nearly always in great part yellow; the
upper surface is always finely alutaceous and scarcely or l)ut
feebly shining; the eyes are less distant, being separated in the
male by evidently less than twice the length of the basal an-
tennal joint. In peccans the color is typically and generally of
H. C. FALL 357
a paler grayish yellow, the markings black or fuscous and more
or less conspicuously developed, the pygidium in great part black,
rarely as much yellow as black; the upper surface often distinctly
shining and sometimes even polished, with faint traces of aluta-
ceous sculpture; eyes more distant, as a rule separated in the
male by twice the length of the basal antennal joint. These
characters — or in fact almost any one of them — will suffice in the
vast majority of cases to distinguish the two species, but it must
be said that occasionally one or another fails and in rare in-
stances about all of them do, and then — especially when dealing
with single specimens — the experience and judgment of the stu-
dent can alone decide.
39. Pachybrachys pusillus Bowditch
Cylindrical, convex, dull yellow, surface minutely alutaceous
and feebly shining, punctures pale brown, spots almost wanting,
el^'tra subregularly striate, ocular lines fine but traceable, front
claws of male scarcely perceptibly enlarged. Ave. length 2.6
mm. Texas and Arizona.
Head rather sparsely irregularlj- punctate; eyes separated in the male by a
distance subequal to the length of the first two antennal joints or by distinctly
less than the vertical width of the upper lobe of the eye; in the female by nearly
twice the length of the basal joint or by a distance equal to or slightly greater
than the vertical width of the upper lobe. Antennae short, barely reaching
the hind coxae in the male, outer joints dusky at their tips.
Prothorax rather large, moderately transverse, sides arcuate and moderately
convergent toward the front; punctuation somewhat uneven, moderately
close, side margins smooth, the M faintly or scarcely indicated in slightly
darker tint.
Elytra without markings; striae a little impressed, subregular except in the
scutellar region, the fifth and sixth often broken at middle, the eighth some-
times interrupted, sometimes merelj' sinuate behind the humerus; marginal
interspace devoid of punctures; shield distinct.
Pygidium pale yellow, the spots small and faint, or subobsolete. Body
beneath a little darker in color, the metasternum reddish brown.
Length 2.2 to 3 mm.; width 1.2 to 1.6 mm.
Distribution. — Texas: Brownsville (type) and San Antonio (in Bowditch
Collection); Brownsville, May 24 (H. S. Barber in Nat. IMus. Coll.), July 23
(Wolcott), June (Snow), Aug. (Beyer), Apr. and May (Dury), June and July
(Schaeffer); San Antonio (Wickham); Macdona, July 28 (Wenzel); New
Braunfels, Aug. 9 (Schwarz); Uvalde, 930 ft., June 18 to 20 (Wickham);
S. W. Tex. (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.); Tex. (Leng Coll.). Arizona: San Bernardino
Ranch, Cochise Co., 3,750 ft. (Snow).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
358 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
The species most likely to be confused with the present one
are diversus, ahdominalis and longus, but all are quite easily
separated by the tabular characters. In addition to the more
remote eyes, both diversus and ahdo7ninalis have the front claws
distinctly enlarged in the male and the ocular lines are more
conspicuous.
40. Pachybrachys macronychus new species
Rather large, yellow, brown punctate, minutely alutaceous,
moderately shining; cephalic spots small, pale brown, thoracic
M represented by pale diffuse rust colored shades, elytra without
spots; ocular lines wanting, front claws of male very large. Ave.
length 3.8 mm. Texas.
Head densely punctate in the darker areas, elsewhere sparsely so or nearly
smooth. Eyes separated in the male by about one and one-half times the
length of the basal antennal joint, the distance nearly the same as the vertical
width of the upper lobe of the eye. Antennae (d^) long and thin, not much
shorter than the body, tenth joint four times as long as wide.
Prothorax two-fifths wider than long, sides distinctly convergent in front,
strongly rounded posteriorly, incui'ved at base, surface moderately closely
punctate, quite thickly so in the shaded areas, median line narrowly and im-
perfectly or incompletely smooth, side margins smooth.
Elytra less than twice as long as the prothorax, coarsely punctate, the second,
third and eighth striae fairly regular in one example, the second and eighth in a
second specimen, the other striae much broken or confused; eighth stria
moderately impressed and with a subhumeral dislocation, other striae less
evidently impressed; shield indicated but not very well defined.
Pygidium blackish in basal half, marked as usual. Body beneath blackish
brown, the propleura lighter browm, margin of last ventral segment broadly
yellow. Legs rufo-testaceous, ends of middle and hind tibiae. pale.
Length 3.7 to 3.85 mm.; width 1.9 mm.
Distribution. — Texas: Green Valley, Chisos Mts., Brewster Co., July 15
(type c?), and Davis Mts., July 8 (H. A. Wenzel).
Three males of this fine species are before me, submitted by
Mr. Henry Wenzel.
41. Pachybrachys erassus Bowditch
Robust, pale yellow, brown punctate, finely alutaceous, not
shining, markings small on the head and prothorax, usually
wanting on the elytra, the lateral spots sometimes indicated;
eyes more narrowly separated than the width of tlicir upper
lobes in the female, ocular lines wanting. Ave. length (9)
4.2 mm. Utah and Arizona.
H. C. FALL 359
Head slightly convex, the darker areas, especially the median line, thickly
punctate, elsewhere sparsely so. Eyes ( 9 ) separated by a distance equal to
the length of the basal two joints of the antennae, or by about three-fourths
the vertical width of the upper lobe of the eye. Antennae ( 9 ) about half the
length of the body, pale yellow, outer joints dusky, tenth joint three times as
long as wide.
Prothorax fully one-half wider than long, moderately narrowed in front, sides
arcuate posteriorly, feebly incurved at base; surface thickly punctate in
numerous small semi-detached brown spots which combined make up the
standard M; elsewhere sparsely punctate, the side margins rather widely
smooth.
Elytra coarsely brown punctured, the punctm-es arranged in moderately
impressed more or less regular lines posteriorly, but much broken anteriorly
except the eighth and perhaps the second and third striae, which are entire;
completely confused in the scutellar region; eighth stria with sigmoid disloca-
tion behind the humerus; marginal interspace without or with a few coarse
punctures near the interruption; shield moderate.
Pygidiimi yellow, basal margin with large median spur and a small spot on
each side, fuscous; body beneath more or less brown, the margins paler. Legs
yellow, femoral spots small, pale brown; front claws sUghtly larger than the
others in the female and presumably very distinctly so in the male.
Length 4 to 4.3 mm.; width 2.15 to 2.3.5 mm.
Distribution . — Utah: St. George (Wickliam), type 9 in Bowditch Coll.
Arizona: Bill Williams Fork (Snow); Yuma, Apr. 22 (Fenyes).
Three examples are before me, all females. In the Bill Wil-
liams Fork example, there are small but quite distinct lateral
elytral spots, the middle spot faintly indicated. The eyes are
quite narrowly separated in the female and in the male will
without doubt be found still more approximate. There are in
the material before me two males, one from Arizona, the other
without any locality but unquestionably of the same species,
which agree so well in all essentials with the above females that
I am provisionally placing them together. At first glance they
differ so notably by their more elongate form, that the name
longus would seem to apply much better than crassus; however,
sexual differences in the robustness of body are often quite marked
and need occasion no surprise. The punctures are a little denser
in the dark areas of the pronotum and seem slightly coarser on
the elytra and of deeper tint generally — fuscous in one of the two
examples. The eyes are separated by about three-fourths the
length of the basal antennal joint; the front claws are moderately
strongly enlarged; the terminal joint of the maxillary palpus is
broadly truncate, in fact not at all narrowed apically.
TRAXS. .\M. EXT. .SOC, XLI.
360 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
This is one of our largest species, and in point of size is not
closely approached by any other of this group. It most nearly
resembles fortis, which because of the feeble markings of the
elj^tra has been placed among the mottled species. As stated
above, however, one example of crassus shows small lateral spots
on the elytra, and it is not unlikely that specimens of fortis may
occur without elytral spots, in which case the tSvo species might
easily be confused. The eyes \n fortis are less approximate than
in crassus, and in the female are more widely distant than the
vertical width of their upper lobes; the marginal interspace of
the elytra is also more numerously punctate in fortis.
42. Pachybrachys longus Bowditch
Pale yellow, scarcely shining, brown punctate, head and pro-
thorax lightly marked with pale brown or rust colored spots or
clouds; elytra typically without spots, but occasionally with the
spots faintly indicated; eyes narrowly separated, ocular lines fine
and near the eyes, elytral striae subregular; front claws of male
perceptibly but not conspicuously larger than the others. Ave.
length 2.7 mm. Arizona.
Head moderately punctate, more closely on the vertex and in the median
impressed line. Eyes separated by rather less than ( cT), or by about the length
( 9 ), of the basal antennal joint or a trifle more. Antennae pale, outer joints
dusky, in the male about three-fourths and in the female about one-half the
length of the body.
Prothorax moderately transverse, sides moderately rounded, incurved a
little at base, not greatly narrowed anteriorly, somewhat irregularly punctate,
more closely in the dark areas, rather sparsely elsewhere, side margins smooth.
Elytra confusedly punctate in a rather small baso-sutural area, elsewhere
with subregular striae, the fifth and sixth, however, often more or less broken
or irregular; striae a little impressed, more noticeably so toward the sides;
marginal interspace with at most a few punctures near the subbasal inter-
ruption or sinuation of the eighth stria; shield usually well developed.
Pygidium and lower surface brownish or fuscous and yellow, the colors dis-
tributed as usual; legs pale yellow with light brownish shades at middle of
thighs.
Length 2.4 to 3 mm.; width 1.25 to 1.6 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Tucson (Wickham), July 21 (Hul)l)ard & Schwarz).
The type in the Bowditch Collection is a femal(% also from
Tucson.
This species is notable in its narrowly separated eyes, which
character will distinguish it from others of lik(> api)earance.
H. C. FALL 361
43. Pachybrachys bullatus new species
Form rather narrow, yellow, variegated with pale to dark
brown, surface polished, eyes very approximate in the male,
no ocular lines, elytra -with a transverse row of more or less con-
spicuous convex pale spots behind the middle: front claws of male
not at all larger than the others. Ave. length 2.7 mm. Arizona;
Texas.
Head rather closely brown punctate, median line fine, front mostly yellow
in the male, more brown than j-ellow in the female. Eyes separated in the
male by from less than one-half to about four-fifths the length of the basal
antennal joint, in the female by shghtly less than twice the length of the basal
joint. Antennae about two-thirds the length of the body in the male, a little
shorter in the female, color either entireh' pale or with the outer joints duskj-,
tenth joint less than three times as long as wide.
Prothorax moderately transverse, distinctly narrowed in front, sides strongly
rounded behind the middle, incurved and sinuate before the basal angles,
nearh- straight or sometimes feebly sinuate anteriorly; surface densely, some-
what unevenly, rather coarsely punctate, with small raised Loipunctate spots;
M represented bj- three basal and two median spots in transverse rows, the
spots varying from fairly distinct to quite diffuse and occasionally involving
the greater part of the surface.
Elytra one-fifth wider than the prothorax and about twice as long, sides dis-
tinctly sinuate behind the humeri: punctuation quite dense and usuall}-
broadly confused on the disk, the marginal interspace and some portions of
the others more or less evident and convex, especially toward the rear; a trans-
verse row of smaU raised pale yellow spots beginning just behind and outside
the sliield and e.\t ending to the side margin; shield small, sometimes indistinct;
marginal stria well impressed, more or less irregular near the base: marginal
interspace with coarse punctures in basal half. The color is somewhat vari-
able. In two females and one male the base, apex and transverse row of
spots are alone yellow, and contrast strongly with the general brown color of
the disk; in the remaining specimens — all males — the brown color is less ex-
tensive and paler, and though diffuse, roughly indicates the standard spots.
Pyffidiutn j-ellow, slightly darker basally but without any evident maculation.
Body beneath brown, apical margin of last ventral yellow. Legs j'eUow with-
out spots.
Length 2.4 to .3 mm.; width 1.3 to 1.7 mm.
Diiitribution. — Arizoiia: male t\T3e taken by the writer July 3, 1904. at
Williams. Also taken by Barber «t Schwarz at the same place during June and
July. Xogales, Aug. 26 (Xunenmacherj ; Rincon Mts., 5,000 ft., July (Beyer);
Huachuca Mts., July 14 (Wenzelj; "Ari" (Morrison, in Xat'l. Mus. Coll.).
Texas: Davis Mts., July 8 (Wenzel).
This species is one of the most distinct in our faima. It is
notable for the very narrowly separated eyes in the male, their
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
362 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
distance apart, however, showing a rather unusual degree of
variation. In the Rincon Mountains specimen they are ahnost
in contact, and in the Nogales one are more approximate than
in any of the Williams examples. In these two the thoracic
punctuation is also denser than in the others.
44. Pachybrachys texanus Bowditch
Dull yellow with brown markings which vary much in shade
and distinctness; eyes narrowly separated; elytra distinctly
striate at sides and rear; front tibiae of the male sinuate on the
inner side near the apex, the inner angle produced in a long stout
curved spur; front claws of male obviously larger than the others.
Ave. length 2.4 mm. Texas.
Head moderately closely punctate, front flat with fine impressed median line,
markings varying from distinct to almost wanting, no ocular lines. Eyes
separated in the male by about two-thirds the length of the basal antennal
joint, in the female by the length of the basal joint or a little less. Antennae
pale basally, outer joints dusky, half the length of the body in the female, about
two-thirds the length of the body in the male.
Prothorax moderately transverse, sides broadly rounded, widest behind the
middle, very slight^ convergent behind, more obviously so in front; surface
densely but a little unevenly punctate, side margins smooth; markings diffuse,
pale rust colored to dark brown.
Elytra closely confusedly punctate in the scutellar region, elsewhere with
impressed striae which are more or less irregular or broken at the middle of
each elytron; two outer striae regular, the eighth feebly or scarcely interrupted
behind the humerus; marginal interspace with a few punctures toward the
base; shield distinct; markings variable in distinctness, the standard spots
usually indicated, but occasionally wanting.
Pygidium brown and yellow; body beneath brown and yellow, the colors
distributed as usual; legs yellow with brown spots on the thighs.
Length 1.9 to 2.8 mm.; width 1 to 1.45 mm.
Dislribulion. — Texas: The type and great majority of specimens seen by
me are from Brownsville, taken from April to August by Wickham, Barber,
Dury, Wolcott, Schaeffer and others; Arroyo, Dec. 10 (Townsend); Columbus,
June (Hubbard & Schwarz); Victoria, Mar. 3 to Apr. 2 (Schwarz).
The narrowly separated eyes combined with the greatly
developed terminal spur of the front tibiae distinguish this species
from all others known to me except the following, which see for
a statement of differences. In calcaratus there is a similar devel-
opment of the tibial spur, but in this species the eyes are nuich
less approximate.
H. C. FALL 363
45. Pachybrachys uncinatus new species
Very similar in essential characters to texanus, from which it differs as fol-
lows. The size is distinctly larger, the yellow ground color a little paler, the
punctures and markings darker, being uniformly blackish fuscous in all males
of the series before me, but somewhat less dark in the single female. Eyes
slightly less approximate than in texanus, being separated by about three-
fourths the length of the basal antennal joint in the male, and by just visibly
more than the length of this joint in the female. The male sexual develop-
ment of the front tibiae is nearly identical with that in texanus but the tibiae
seem a trifle more widened apically, while the spur at the inner angle is not
quite as long. The posthumeral sinuation or interruption of the submarginal
elj'tral stria is here the rule, while in texanus it is the exception. The front
claws of the male are evidently a little larger than the others but the difference
is not quite as marked as in texamis. The pronotal standard markings are well
developed, but as a rule the elytral spots are small, the posterior ones con-
sisting generally of broader fuscous streaks along the striae. The punctua-
tion of the elytra is rather dense and confused in a broad baso-sutural tri-
angle, the striae defined at sides and rear; shield well developed.
Length 2.9 to 3.5 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Four males, one female sent by Mr. Schaeffer.
The type is a male. A female from Tucson, Apr. 21 (Hubbard & Schwarz),
appears to belong here.
46. Pachybrachys pectoralis Melslieimer
Form — especially of the male — narrower than usual; dull
yellow, maculate with brown or black, not or scarcely shining;
eyes narrowly separated, ocular lines present; front tibiae sinuate
on the inner margin beyond the middle, front claws of male
obviously though not greatly enlarged. Ave. length 2.5 mm.
Northeastern States, extending to Georgia and westward to
Iowa.
Head small, unevenly punctured, yellow, a brown central line connected
with a small vertex spot; ocular lines usually rather fine, but somewhat variable.
Eyes separated in the male by about three-fourths the length of the basal
antennal joint, and by very little more than the length of this joint in the
female. Antennae moderate, about two-thirds ( cf ) or one-half ( ? ) the length
of the body, outer joints blackish.
Prothorax moderately narrowed in front, widest behind the middle, sides
slightly convergent and a little sinuate before the hind angles, surface rather
thickly but somewhat unevenly punctate, side margins smooth ; standard spots
fairly distinct, the general impression given being a transverse basal row of
three spots, and anterior to these a spot each side of the middle, often reaching
nearly to the apical margin. Elytra rather conspicuously wider than the
prothorax, rather deeply striate externally and on the posterior convexity,
punctures confused in a scutellar area of variable size, the striae much broken
TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
364 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
medially on each elytron; eighth stria more or less interrupted behind the
humerus, marginal interspace with a few coarse punctures (rarely lacking)
subbasally; shield small, usually indistinct; standard spots not large, usually
distinct except the basal one of the inner series which is rarely if ever present.
Pygidium mostly yellow, basal margin brown. Body beneath brown or
blackish with dull yellow abdominal margins more or less developed. Legs
yellow with small dark femoral spots.
Length 2.25 to 2.7 mm.; width 1.15 to 1.45 mm.
Distribution. — New Ham-psJiire: (BlanchardColl.). Massachusetts: Lowell;
Tyngsboro; Wakefield; Wellfleet (Colls. Blanchard, Wickham, and my own).
Rhode Island: Berkeley, Aug. 27. New York: Staten Island, July (Leng).
New Jersey: Anglesea, July 23 (Hubbard & Schwarz) ; Greenwood Lake (Leng) ;
"N. J." (Liebeck). Pennsylvania: (Liebeck). Maryland: Plummer's Island,
June and July (Schwarz & Barber). Virginia: without definite locality.
Georgia: Clayton (Leng). Alabama: Pineapple (Hubbard ct Schwarz).
Michigan: Detroit (Hubbard & Schwarz). Illinois: Algonquin (Nason).
Iowa: Elma, June 30 (Snow Coll.).
This is a well characterized species and not confusable with
any other except sobrinus, which it greatly reseml^les. The
sinuation of the anterior tibia is unique and apparently inde-
pendent of sex, and though rather small and shallow is sufficiently
obvious when the tibia is in a proper position for observation.
My interpretation of this species is based on undou]:)tedly
authentic specimens in the old Melsheimer and Ziegier Collec-
tions.
47. Pachybrachys sobrinus Haldeman
Almost precisely like pectoralis in general appearance and differing only as
follows. Ej^es not quite so approximate, distant in the male by the length of
the basal antennal joint and in the female by about the length of the first two
joints of the antennae; front tibiae not sinuate on the inner margin. Taking
the material at hand as a whole, the elytral striae are apt to be less deep in
sobrinus, the maculation more variable both in extent and depth of color, the
two posterior spots more often confluent. The size is also distinctly greater
on the average in sobrinus.
Length 2.6 to 3.25 mm.; width 1.25 to 1.65 mm.
Distribution. — Equally as widely dispersed as pectorolis and
over nearly the same area, but pectoralis is the more common of
the two in the northern or at least in the northeastern part of its
range, while sobrinus is more abundant toward the south. It
was described from the "Southern States."
I have seen specimens from the following localities:
H. C. FALL 365
Vermont: Bennington (Leng Coll.). New York: Staten Island (Leng);
"N. Y." (Van Dyke Coll.). Pennsylvania: Enola, June 26; Allegheny (Snow
& Leng Coil's.). Maryland: Plummer's Island, May and June (H. S. Barber;
W. V. \\'arner); Baltimore, June 26 (Blaisdell). Virginia: Newport News
(Horn Coll.); Va. (Leng CoU.). West Virginia: White Sulphur Springs
(Fenyes). Norlh Carolina: Black Mts., June (Van Dyke). Ohio: Cincin-
nati (Dury). Indiana: Floyd Co., June 28 (Type of slicticus — Blatchley
Coll.). Illinois: Algonquin, Aug. 28 (Nason); Quincy, June 14; "111."
(Horn Coll.). Iowa: Eastport (Wickham Coll.). Missouri: "C. Mo.,"
June, on locust (Riley — in Nat. Mus. Coll.). Nebraska: Crete (Schacffer Coll.).
Kansas: Wallace Co., (Snow); Medora (Leng Coll.); Salina (Knaus); Ks.
(Horn and Liebeck Colls.). Arkansas: Fayette, Aug. 5 (Knaus Coll.).
Texas: Fort Worth, May 25; Tex. (Horn Coll.).
I have followed LeConte in his interpretation of sobrinus.
Suffrian makes this name a synonym of pedoralis Melsh.; a very
natural error, and one ahnost sure to be made by anyone over-
looking the ocular and tibial characters.
I have seen the specimen which Bowditch mentions as pur-
porting to be the type of oculatus Suffr. and which he referred to
jyedoralis. My own observation satisfied me that the specimen
in question was identical with sobrinus rather than pectoralis,
and if the specimen sent to Bowditch by Prof. Taschenberg was
the true oculatus, the name must fall into synonymy.
Mr. Blatchley has very kindly sent me his type of sticticus for
examination, and there can be no question of its identity with
sobrinus.
48. Pachybrachys contractifrons new species
Small, pale whitish yellow, not shining, pale brown punctate
with brown markings, distinct on the prothorax, faint on the
elytra. Eyes narrowly separated, no ocular lines. Front claws
of male distinctly enlarged. Length 2.25 mm. Arizona.
Head flat, unevenly punctate, a dark central line, wider below, and con-
nected above with a small vertex spot. Eyes (cf) separated b}^ three-fourths
the length of the basal antennal joint. Antennae (o^) two-thirds as long as
the body, outer joints dusky.
Prothorax moderately transverse, widest at basal fourth, gradually feebly
arcuately naiTOwed in front, a little retracted behind but without distinct sinu-
ation before the hind angles; surface unevenl}' punctate, densely so in the dark
areas, sparsely elsewhere, the basal portions of the M well defined, tiie apical
parts disintegrated; side margins smoother.
Elytra short, distinctly less than twice as long as the prothorax, striae in
great jmrt sinuous or broken, intervals moderately convex at the sides and rear;
TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
366 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
shield distinct; eighth stria sinuous, dislocated behind the humei-us, marginal
interspace impunctate; standard spots incompletely and vaguely indicated,
the median lateral spots wanting, the posterior spots coalescent.
Pygidium brown and whitish yellow. Body beneath brown, abdominal
apex pale. Legs pale with hght brown femoral spots or shades.
Length 2.25 mm.; width 1.2 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Hot Springs, June 27 (Barber & Schwarz). The
unique male type is in the National Museum Collection. A female from
Tucson, Ariz., April 21 (Hubbard & Schwarz Coll.), is doubtfully associated.
In it the eyes are separated by the length of the basal antennal joint; the
lateral interspace of the el>^ra is sparsely punctate, the yellow color is brighter
and the form seems a bit more elongate; length 3 mm.
49. Pachybrachys alacris new species
Rufo- to flavo-testaceous, finely alutaceoiis, the thorax scarcely,
the elytra feebly shining; standard spots brown, small and feebly
indicated; elytra distinctly striate; eyes (9) separated by not
more than three-fourths the vertical width of their upper lobes;
front claws of male probably not appreciably larger. Ave. length
3.15 mm. Arizona.
Head evenly not very densely punctate, markings obsolete; ocular hnes
feebly indicated, very fine and close to the eyes. Eyes ( 9 ) separated by a
little more than the length of the rather small basal antennal joint. Antennae
(cf ) scarcely passing the humeral mnbo, the tenth joint twice as long as wide,
outer joints dusky.
Prothorax moderately transverse, widest at basal fourth or third, sides
broadly arcuate, moderately convergent in front; punctures not dense, uneven,
rather sparse except in the small and rather indistinct darker markings;
smoother along the side margins.
Elijtra confusedly punctate in the baso-sutural triangle, elsewhere with
fairly regular impressed striae, the fifth and sixth broken or confused at middle;
eighth stria dislocated near the base; marginal interspace impunctate; shield
elongate, distinct; standard spots feebly indicated.
Pygidium predominantly pale. Body beneath blackish brown, the sides
of the abdomen and the last ventral segment in great part pale. Legs rufo-
testaceous, with feeble or obsolete femoral clouds.
Length ( 9 ) 3 to 3.25 mm.; width 1.5 to 1.6 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: type ( 9 ) without definite locality; a second female
from San Bernardino Ranch, Cochise Co., 3,750 ft. (E. G. Smyth in Knaus
Coll.).
This species bears a general resemblance to calidus, but is more
obscurely marked and with more approximate eyes, the latter
being as close in the female of alacris as in the male of calidu.s.
The ocular lines are more distinct in calicbis, ])arely detectable
in alacris.
H. C. FALL 367
50. Pachybrachys chaoticus new species
Robust, yellow, brown punctate and with ratiier sharph- de-
fined brown markings; eyes narrowl}- separated, front without
ocuhir lines; punctuation throughout sparse and irregular; front
claws of male strongly enlarged. Ave. length 3.8 nnn. Arizona.
Head with few punctures except in the dark median Hne and vertex spot.
Eyes separated in the male by barely the length of the basal antcnnal joint,
and by about one and one-half times the length of the basal joint in the female.
Antennae verj' slender, nearly the length of the body in the male, the tenth
joint four times as long as wide.
Prothorax rather large, sides arcuately convergent from near the base to
the front angles, rounded in a little at base, without evident sinuation before
the angles; markings sharply defined and consisting entirely (in the type) of
aggregations of brown punctures roughly forming the thoracic M, the remain-
ing portions of the disk with sparse scattered punctures, the side margins
broadly subimpunctate.
Elytra very irregularlj'- and sparsely punctate, with broad impunctate spaces,
the eighth stria entire but strongly sinuate, the others scarcely evident except
for their short apical portions on the posterior convexity; shield large, rounded;
marginal interspace impunctate; standard spots distinct, rather small, the
two posterior ones of the inner series confluent.
Pygidium brown and yellow, body beneath brown, abdominal apex pale.
Legs yellow, with median brown shades on the femora and tibiae.
Length 3.4 to 4.2 mm.; width 2.1 to 2.35 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: The male type was given me years ago by a non-
entomological friend who took it if I am not mistaken near the Colorado
River. The above description is drawn from the type, but I have since seen
a female from the Rincon Mts. (5,000 ft., July) in Mr. Beyer's Collection and
a pair from Oracle (July 6 to 15) in the Hubbard & Schwarz Collection. These
do not necessitate any change in the original description except as to measure-
ments of length and width, the original male being smaller than any of the
specimens subsequently seen.
51. Pachybrachys peltatus new species
Yellow, wdth sharply defined but not very heavy black mark-
ings, surface minuteh' alutaceous but somewhat shining. Pro-
thoracic M entire; elytra with the inner row of standard spots
irregularly confluent and surrounding the large orbicular yellow
shield, which is very conspicuous. Front without ocular lines;
claws of front tarsi obviously though not strongly enlarged. Ave.
length 3.25 mm. Lower California; Mexico.
Head not wider than the thoracic apex, front feebly convex, rather sparsely
and finely subevcnly punctate; color largely yellow, a short median line and
small vertex spot fuscous. Eyes separated in the male by a distance subequal
to the length of the first two antennal joints, or by a little less than the
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLl.
368 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
vertical width of their upper lobes; in the female by slightly more than the
width of their upper lobes. Antennae thin, nearly as long as the entire body
in the male, but little longer than half the body in the female, the tenth joint
(c^) fully four times as long as wide, color yellow, the outer joints dusky.
Prothorax widest shghtly in front of the base, sides distinctly convergent
from this point to the apex, surface sparsely irregularly punctured, the pale
areas with very few punctures, the M rather narrow, a little irregular, but
sharply defined and nearly attaining the front margin; side margins broadly
smooth.
Elytra twice as long as the prothorax, striae irregular, first strongly deflected
about the shield, and in front of the latter geminate with a short scutellar
stria; second and third geminate and entire, fourth irregular but entire, fifth
and sixth represented by a few confused basal punctures, three or four others
at the middle and a short impressed fragment at the declivity; seventh and
eighth entire, the latter with a pronounced subhumeral dislocation; marginal
interspace impunctate. The black markings represent the standard spots,
of which the humeral spot is isolated, the middle and posterior ones of the
outer series are connected along the margin, and each is connected to the
corresponding one of the inner series; the spots of the inner series are longi-
tudinally confluent so as to leave an impunctate juxta-scutellar spot, the large
shield and the apex yellow.
Pygidiuni almost entirelj^ yellow; body beneath blackish, sides and tip of
abdomen pale.
Legs yellow, the middle and posterior femora and tibiae with faint median
fuscous spots or shades, the tips of the thighs whitish yeUow.
Length 3.2 to 3.5 mm.; width 1.6 to 1.95 mm.
Distribution. — The type is a female from "Lower California,"
sent by Mr. Liebeck. There is a single male from Tepic, Mex-
ico, in the National Miis. Coll. This latter bears the name P.
inclusus Jac, but is quite distinct from a specimen of the latter
sent me from the British Museum Collection, and bearing the
name inclusus in Jacoby's handwriting. This species, by the
peculiar elytral striae and large shield, looks quite unlike any-
thing else in our fauna, and though it is not impossible that it
has been described from Mexico, I am unable to locate it and
venture to give it a name.
52. Pachybrachys peninsularis new species
Rather large, dark brown and yellow mottled, the darker
color predominant on the thorax, the elytra either with the brown
predominating or with the colors about c(iual in extent. Eyes
separated by a distance less than the length of the basal anlennal
joint. Antennae very slendcT, the terminal joint in the male
H. C. FALL 369
slightly inflated at apical third. Front claws of male much
enlarged. Ave. length 3.4 mm. Lower California.
Head rather small, eyes not at all prominent, punctures sparse except in the
dark median line; eyes separated in the male by scarcely half the vertical width
of their upper lobes or by a little less than the length of the basal antennal
joint. Antennae slender, fully four-fifths as long as the body in the male,
tenth joint four times as long as wide.
Prothorax large, strongly narrowed in front, scarcely narrower than the
elytra, sides subparallel or at least not distinctly incurved in ])asal third, the
lateral edge slightly wider and narrowly sub-explanate toward the hind angles,
distinctly visible from a vertical view point; basal lobe narrower and more
prominent than usual; surface dull and densely punctate, sparser in two dis-
integrated yellow basal spots and along the yellow median anterior line; side
margins smooth, yellow.
Elytra minutely alutaceous but distinctly shining, punctuation confused
baso-suturaJly, striae impressed, the two lateral ones continuous, the others
for the most part broken or irregular except on the rear convexity; shield
irregularl}' rounded, convex, yellow; marginal interspace without punctures,
the eighth stria with sul^basal interruption; standard spots indefinite, the
surface more or less predominantly brown, with numerous small raised yellow
spots, either isolated, or forming parts of the convex interspaces.
Pygidium brown with two large confluent apical yellow spots. Body be-
neath brown, last ventral largely yellow. Legs yellow with brown or fuscous
femoral and tibial rings or .shades.
Length 3 to 3.75 mm.; width 1.65 to 2.1 mm.
Distribution. — Lower California: San Felipe (type cf), and El Taste (Beyer).
In size, color and sculpture, this species is nearly- identical
with turgidicoUis, but the latter may be distinguished by the less
approximate eyes and posteriorly inflated prothorax with sides
strongly incurved basally, the reflexed side margin normally
narrow.
53. Pachybrachys turgidicoUis new species
Black or fuscous and yellow maculate, the darker color pre-
dominating. Eyes separated by a distance distinctly less than,
in the male, or, in the female, subequal to the vertical width of
their upper lobes; front without ocular lines. Prothorax strongly
inflated behind the middle especiall.y in the male; elytral shield
large and conspicuous; front claws of male much enlarged. Ave.
length 3.75 mm. Western Texas.
Head barely as wide as the thoracic apex, darker areas closely punctate,
yellow areas sparsely punctate or impunctate; eyes separated by only slightly
more than the length of the basal antennal joint in the male, and in the female
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
370 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
by about three-fourths times the length of this joint or by a distance subequal
to the vertical width of their upper lobes. Antennae very slender, more than
three-fourths the length of the body in the male, the tenth joint four times as
long as wide; in the female somewhat shorter, tenth joint fully three times as
long as wide.
Proihorax distinctly narrowed in front, widest not far behind the middle in
the male, at about the basal third in the female; sides strongly rounded at
point of greatest width; dark areas densely punctate, pale areas smooth or
sparsely punctate, interspaces sparsely minutely punctulate; side margins
impunctate, more broadly so posteriorly; M broad and entire leaving three
rather small elongate discal pale spots and the side margin yellow, the latter
wider at front angles and extending narrowly along the anterior margin.
Elytra a little wider than the prothorax in the female, scarcely at all so in
the male, punctuation moderately dense and broadly confused on the disk,
the third and fourth striae not impressed but traceable nearly throughout in
the male, less distinct in the female, fifth and sixth intricately confused,
seventh irregular or interrupted, eighth entire and impressed; marginal inter-
space impunctate (9), a single puncture at middle in the male type; shield
large broadly subtriangular; maculation irregular, the lateral standard spots
separated by irregular pale areas, the discal spots diffuse and confluent, the
shield yellow^ and conspicuous.
Pygidium black and 3-ellow; body beneath blackish, last ventral segment
yellow in apical half. Front femora yellow, middle and hind femora with
median dark spots; tibiae dusky, sometimes in part pale.
Length 3.7 to 3.8 mm.; width 2 to 2.15 mm.
Distribution. — Texas: Green Valley, Chisos Mts., Brewster Co., July 15
(type c?); Chisos Mts., July 23 ( 9). A single pair collected by Mr. H. A.
Wenzel.
54. Pachybrachys illectus new species
Brown and yellow mottled, finelj^ aliitaceous; e3'es separated
in the male by barely the length of the basal antennal joint,
and by about one and three-fourths times the length of the basal
joint in the female; front without ocular lines; front claws of
male very large. Ave. length 2.75 mm. Florida.
Head not very closely somewhat unevenly punctate, front predominantly
yellow, the median line and a rather large vertex spot brown; eyes not promi-
nent; antennae about two-thirds (d^) or one-half ( 9 ) the length of the body,
yellow, the apices of the outer joints dusky, tenth joint barely three times as
long as wide (d^) or slightly shorter ( 9 ).
ProUiorax of moderate length (cf ), or rather short ( 9 ), widest and broadly
very obtusely sul)angulate near the basal fourth, sides nearly straight and not
strongly convergent in front; ])unctuation uneven, closer in the dark areas,
side margins narrowly smooth; M brown, consisting of broad nearly entire but
somewhat irregular lateral areas, imperfectly connected at apex with an entire
median stripe which is wider in its anterior half and divided in front by a fine
yellow line.
H. C. FALL 371
Elytra confusedly punctured in a not very large l)a.so-sutural triangle, else-
where with distinctly impressed rather coarsely punctate undulating striae, of
which the fourth and fifth are most irregular; intervals convex, rather narrow,
the marginal one with a single puncture behind the su})t)asal interruption;
shield small; markings brown and yellow mottled, the colors about eciually
divided, the outer standard spots definable, the inner ones much broken u j).
Pygidium l)rown and j-ellow, the colors not sharj^ly limited. Body beneath
brown with last ventral in great ])urt yellow. Legs rufo-testaceous, the femora
with paler tips.
Length 2.7 to 2.8 mm.; width 1.-4 to 1.(3 mm.
Distribution. — Florida: Enterprise, May 20; one pair in the Hubbard &
Schwarz Collection (type cf), now a part of the National Museum Collection.
55. Pachybrachys proximus Bowditch
Pale yellow, with typical marginal elytral spots indicated,
but small. Head wider than the elytral apex; front flat, finely
alutaceous, without ocular lines; eyes (cf ) separated by about one
and one-third times the length of the basal antennal joint. Pro-
thorax finely alutaceous, moderately thickly but unevenly punc-
tate, sides rather narrowly smooth; elytra minutely wrinkled,
moderately shining. Front claws of male distinctly enlarged.
Length 2.5 mm. Utah.
The above notes — for the most part supplementary to the
original description — were drawn from the unique type several
years ago, and I have seen nothing since which seemed identical.
Following is Bowditch's description.
" Medium sized, cylindrical, pale yellow, with livid clouds and ]iunctures.
Length 2\ mm.
"Head with pubescent and nearly flat front, jiunctured, with heavj' frontal
and vertex marks, the former divided so as to include the roots of the antennae,
which are quite dark throughout, but have the basal joints somewhat brown-
red, and reach a little beyond the middle of the body; eyes distant (cf ), thorax
yellow, wider than long, narrowed at front and also a little at rear, in its greatest
length not quite half as long as the elytra, thickly but unevenly, finely, livid-
brown punctured, M diffusely indicated by the thickening of the punctures,
which leave the edges more or less free, especially the sides and anterior angles,
lateral edge subangulate and well forward of the middle, transverse impres-
sion not well defined; elytra parallel, pale yellow, with moderate livid-brown
punctures, which are diffused on the anterior half up to about the eighth inter-
val, except that the third and fifth intervals are narrowly complete^ to the
base and show a well marked triangular shield, the rear and side is regularly
striate punctate, the color from the pvmctures more or less suffusing the inter-
vals, the exterior standard spots also show faintly in livid, marginal stria
lightly curved and barely sinuate, lobe well developed, with a strong row of
TRANS. A.M. EXT. 80C., XLI.
372 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
marginal punctures, body below very dark brown, with the usual parts picked
out in dark red, legs light reddish yellow, with light ends to femurs and shanks.
"One (f, Leeds, Utah. Type coll. Bowditch.
"As compared with longus the thorax is more transverse and not as long;
the eyes in proximus are much more distant and the antennae and body below
darker. The punctuation of the elytra is very similar."
56. Pachybrachys nunenmacheri new species
Yellow, with red-brown to dark brown standard markings
and brown elytral striae; eyes separated by a distance which is a
little less in the male, and a little greater in the female than the
vertical width of their upper lobes; front without ocular lines;
front claws of male moderately enlarged. Ave. length 2.9 mm.
Extreme southern portions of Arizona and California.
Head not wider than the thoracic apex, markings rather broad, punctuation
uneven, close in the darker areas. Eyes separated by the length of the first
two antennal joints in the male, and by about two and one-half times the
length of the basal joint in the female. Antennae moderate, outer joints
darker, tenth joint three times as long as wide in the male, a little less elongate
in the female.
Proihorax widest at basal two-fifths, obviously though not strongly narrowed
in front, sides rather strongly rounded posteriorly, incurved at base, not dis-
tinctly sinuate before the angles; the M moderate to heavy, more or less diffuse;
punctuation dense in the dark areas, elsewhere sparser, with small scattered
smooth spots of lighter color; side margins smooth.
Elytra not very much wider than the prothorax, punctuation confused in the
baso-sutural region, striae two to four variable, one or more of these nearly
entire, five and six much confused except on the convexity, seven and eight
entire, the latter with the usual subbasal interruption; marginal interspace
impunctate or with but two or three punctures near the subbasal interruption
in the male, more numerously punctate in basal half in the female; shield
small, sometimes entirely undefined; spots rather small, those of the outer
series distinct, the middle and posterior inner spots usually more or less con-
fluent, the basal one sometimes wanting.
Pygidium blackish brown with the usual confluent apical pale spots. Body
beneath brown with the last ventral segment and sometimes the sides of the
abdomen pale. Legs yellow, with median parts of femora and tibiae dark;
front thighs mostly dark with a small pale spot at middle.
Length 2.7 to 3.1 mm.; width L4 to 1.75 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Nogales (type cf ), Aug. IS to Sept. 22 (Nunen-
macher); Santa Rita INIts., 5,000 to 8,000 ft. (Snow).
With the above I have associated two examples — male and
female — taken at or near San Diego, California, by Professor
Wickham. They have the elytral spots somewhat less dis-
tinctly marked, especially in the female, and in the male the eyes
are a little more prominent than the thoracic apex.
H. C. FALL 373
57. Pachybrachys fortis new species
Large, robust, yellow, with standard markings, in pale brown,
rather lightly indicated on the elytra; lustre dull, surface with
very fine, short and sparse pubescence; no ocular lines; front
claws of male rather large. Ave. length 4.7 nun. Southern
Arizona.
Head flat, impressed along the median line, densely punctate in the large
dark areas, with smaller yellow subimpunctate spots. Eyes separated by from
one-fifth to about one-third more than the length of the basal antennal joint in
the male, and b}' rather more than twice the length of this joint in the female.
Antennae very slender, fully three-fourths the length of the body in the male,
and passing the middle in the female; outer joints blackish, the tenth more
than four times as long as wide.
Prothorax widest at about basal two-fifths, sides nearly straight and moder-
ately convergent in front, a little convergent behind and with a slight sinuation
before the hind angles; punctuation fine, dense in the more heavily shaded
areas, sparse in the unshaded portions but extending to the side margins;
basal portions of the M broadly distinct, the apical portions lighter and evanes-
cent anteriorly.
Elytra fully twice as long as the prothorax and more coarsely punctured;
punctures confused in the baso-sutural region, elsewhere generally serially
arranged, the striae in part entire, in part interrupted, notably striae four to
six in front of the middle; eighth stria sinuate behind the humerus; marginal
interspace with numerous punctures in basal half; shield small or nearly want-
ing.
Pycjidiuni Ijrown and yellow; body beneath brown, with abdominal apex
pale. Legs pale, with median darker shades on both femora and tibiae.
Length 4.5 to 5 mm.; width 2.3 to 2.75 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Xogales, 4,000 ft., Aug. 15 (Xunenmacher). Type
(male).
Two males and one female of this fine species are before me,
for which I am indebted to Mr. Nunenmacher, in whose collec-
tion are further specimens. It is most likely to be confused with
crassus and has been referred to under that species. The ej'es
are more approximate in crassus, nor have I seen any indication
in that species of the short pubescence which is noticeable in all
of the specimens oi fortis. In crassus the serial punctures along
the side margin of the prothorax are imcolored or nearly so and
from sixteen to nineteen in number, while in fortis these punc-
tures are brown and al)Oiit twenty-three in number. I have for
the present associated two smaller females takcMi also at Xogales
by Mr. Nunenmacher. These are three and three and one-half
TR.\NS. .■VM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
374 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
mm. long, very similar in nearly every respect, but the eyes seem
slightly more distant and there is no trace of the short sparse
pubescence seen in typical fortis, though this I suspect may easily
be lost by abrasion.
58. Pachybrachys femoratus Olivier
Small to medium in size, females quite robust, blackish and
dull yellow, mottled, the darker color usually in excess on the
prothorax, and often on the elytra; punctuation rather dense,
broadly confused on the elytral disk; no ocular lines; front claws of
male distinctly enlarged. Ave. length 2.75 mm. Atlantic Coast
and Gulf States.
Head not wider than the thoracic apex, blackish markings more or less
broad and closely punctate, yellow areas sparsely so. Eyes separated by the
length of the basal two joints of the antennae in the male and by twice the
length of the basal joint in the female. Antennae one-half ( 9 ) or two-thirds
(cT) the length of the body, dull yellow basally, tenth joint scarcely more than
twice as long as wide.
Prothorax distinctly narrowed in front, widest and rather strongly rounded
before the base, especially in the male, sides a little incurved before the hind
angles; markings broad and diffuse, pale areas usually small and a little con-
vex, the punctuation dense in the dark spaces; side margins not smooth or only
partially and very narrowly so.
Elytra broadly confusedly punctate baso-medially, elsewhere with irregular
unimpressed series of punctures, becoming lightly impressed striae only at the
sides and on the rear convexity; shield small and in some examples scarcely
defined; marginal interspace narrowed apically, not wider than the adjacent
one, more or less punctate (rarely almost impunctate) in the male, in the
female punctate almost or quite tliroughout, the punctures of the interval
frequently confused with those of the stria basally; maculation variable, the
standard spots — especially the inner ones — poorly defined.
Pygidium black with two oblique apical spots, often confluent at their tijis,
and a small spot at the middle of each side margin, yellow; this latter con-
tiguous to a yellow spot at the side of the last abdominal segment, the abdomi-
nal spot sometimes produced along the apical margin of the segment. Legs
yellow, femora and tibiae with black or brown more or less diffuse median
spots.
Length 2.6 to 3 mm.; width 1.45 to 1.75 mm.
Distribution. — New York: West Hebron, June 20, and Staten Island
(Leng); Coney Island, June 29 (Nat. Mus. Coll.). New Jersey: Ocean Co.
(Leng Coll.). North Carolina: (Leng Coll.). South Carolina: (Liebeck
Coll.). Georgia: (Nat. Mus. Coll.). Florida: (Nat. Mus. Coll.); Key West
(Leng Coll.); Enterprise (Laurent). Alabama: Mobile and vicinity, April and
May, "on oak" (Loding). Texas: Dallas (Blanchard Coll.).
H. C. FALL 375
The locality named by Olivier in his original description is
"Carolina." Haldeman says "Middle and Southern States,"
and adds, "In Pennsylvania it appears in June and July on trees
of the genus Carya." It is by no means certain, however, that
Haldeman's femoratus is the species here described, his charac-
terization being short and about equally applicable to several
other Atlantic Coast species. For the same reason Olivier's
description is of little value and I have thought it the best course
to accept as femoratus the species so labeled in the LeConte Col-
lection. This agrees well enough with the original description
as well as with those of Haldeman and Suffrian, and is a common
species in the region from which Olivier's type is reported to have '
come.
In the northeastern States the following variety to a large
extent replaces the more typical form of the southern States.
Var. aquilonis new variety
Legs darker, sometimes almost entirely black, the hind tibiae quite con-
stantly dark brown or blackish throughout, while in true Jemoratus they are
always yellow in about the basal half and more or less so at apex. The black
color is more strongly predominant as a rule (though with numerous excep-
tions) than in typical femoratus, the pale spots of the pygidium smaller and
often absent, and that at the side of the last abdominal segment is here rarely
present (constantly present in ivxie Jemoratus).
Distribution. — Massachusetts: Framingham, June 2 (type c^), also May
23, beating oak (Frost); Tyngsboro, July 17; Melrose Highlands, June 17
(D. H. demons in Nat. Mus. CoU.); Marion, on oak (Bowditch); Winchester,
June 15 (Blanchard). Rhode Island: Berkeley, June 17, on oak. New York:
(Nat. Mus. Coll.). New Jersey: Anglesea, May 30 (Wenzel). Peyinsylvania:
Carlisle Junction, June 27 (Fisher?). Virginia: A d' in my own collection
without definite locality.
59. Pachybrachys characteristicus Suffrian
Dull grayi.sh or whitish yellow, thickly speckled with brown or
fuscous diffused punctures, and with brown or fuscous markings
which are very variable in extent and distinctness, elytral striae
indistinct and unimpressed except on the convexity; lateral inter-
space as a rule wider posteriorly than the next inner one; other
characters as in femoratus. Ave. length 3 mm. Florida.
This species is very closely related to femoratus and there is little to add in
the way of distinction to the above diagnosis. The color when not obscured
by the markings is distinctive; the standard M is sometimes nearly fuscous
in color and is then quite sharply outlined; more often, however, it is of some
TRANS. AU. ENT. SOC, XLI.
376 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
shade of brown and quite diffuse, in some specimens suffusing the entire disk.
The standard spots are sometimes moderately distinct along the elytral mar-
gin, the inner ones, however, rarely if ever so, the two anterior ones frequently
absent, and broadly suffused if present; the posterior one apparently always
present and more or less confluent with the marginal spot to form a more or
less defined transverse fascia on the convexity. The punctuation is even
more diffuse than in jemoratus, but varies much. In some females the punc-
tures are broadly confused over the greater portion of the surface, there being
but faint evidences of striae and these only at the rear; in other examples the
lines of punctures are more evident, but they — including even the submar-
ginal stria — are not appreciably impressed, or at most only lightly so behind.
The lateral interspace is almost always wider than the adjacent one, and this
though a somewhat trifling character is perhaps one of the most reliable.
Length 2.8 to 3.2 mm.; width 1.5 to 1.8 mm.
Distribution. — Florida: Lake Mary; Haulover, Mar. 10 (Schwarz); Enter-
prise (Liebeck Coll.); Key West and "P. Orange," Mar. 17 (Leng Coll.);
Jacksonville (Ashmead — in Nat. Mus. Coll.).
My conception of this species is based on a Suffrian tj-pe sent
to Bowditch, and all similar examples thus far seen by me are
from Florida. This Suffrian type looks quite different from the
darker northern form of femoratus, but toward the south the
two approach each other so closely that it is next to impossible
to draw any definite line between them, and it may yet be
necessary to reduce character isticus to varietal standing.
60. Pachybrachys subfasciatus LeConte
Black, prothorax with sides, and elytra with a more or less
broad irregular or indented transverse median fascia often inter-
rupted at suture, and apical spot, red or yellow; disk of prothorax
often, and head more rarely variegated with reddish yellow.
Eyes distant by but little more than the length of the basal anten-
nal joint in the male, and by about twice the length of the basal
joint in the female; front without ocular lines; front claws of
male distinctly enlarged. Ave. length 3 mm. Massachusetts to
Missouri and Louisiana.
Head not at all wider than the thoracic apex, moderately closely punctatC)
usually entirely l:)lack, rarely — especially in the male — with pale markings.
Eyes much less widely separated than the vertical width of their upper lolics
in the male, a little more widely distant than the width of the upper lobes
in the female. Antennae three-fourths (c?) or one-half ( 9 ) the length of the
body, tenth joint three times as long as wide or a little less in the male, basal
and outer joints blacki.sh.
H. C. FALL 377
Prothorax distinctly narrowed in front, sides rounded posteriorly, rather
coarsely somewhat unevenly punctate, the sides at most very narrowly or
indistinctly smoother, the pale margin narrowed behind, and sometimes al-
most lacking.
Elytra more minutely alutaceous and somewhat less o})afiue than the pro-
thorax, coarsely rather densely punctate, with more or less impressed striae
at sides and rear; one or two narrow slightly elevated discal costae usually
visible in the female; shield inconspicuous; marginal interspace wide, i)unc-
tate, more numerously so basally.
Pygidium, body beneath and legs black, the latter oftcni with the tibiae
piceo-testaceous, especially of the anterior legs; base of femora sometimes
gradually paler. Front claws of male quite noticeably enlarged though less
strongly so than in limbatus.
Length 2.75 to 3.25 mm.; width 1.4 to l.S mm.
Distribuf'ion. — Ma-'isachusetts: Melrose Highlands, May 23 (D. H. demons
in Nat. Mus. Coll.); Marion, June 17 (Bowditch); "Mass." (many collections).
Connecticut: (no definite locality). Nexv York: New York City and vicinity
(Leng); Staten Island (Soltauin Nat. Mus. Coll.); Peekskill, May (Sherman).
New Jersey: Orange (Soltau); Spotswood (Leng); So. Orange, June 22 (Leng);
Atco, June 2 (Boerner) ; Da Costa, June 12 (Wenzel) ; "N. J." (Liebeck) ; Wood-
bury (Wenzel). Pennsylvania: Allegheny, May and June (Hamilton); Jean-
nette (H. G. Klages); Pa. (Liebeck). Maryland: Plummer's Island, May
(Schwarz and Barber). District of Columbia: Washington, May IG (Hubbard
& Schwarz). Virginia: (Beyer). Ontario: (Nat. Mus. Coll.). Michigan:
Detroit, June and July (Hubbard & Schwarz). Ohio: Cincinnati (Durj-);
"Ohio" (Liebeck Coll.). Kentucky: near Cincinnati,*June 21 (Dury); Frank-
fort, June G (Soltau in Nat. Mus. Coll.). Indiana: (Liebeck Coll.); Blatchley
gives "Marshall, Vermillion and Lawrence Cos.; scarce May 11-June 14."
Illinois: So. 111. (Nat. Mus. Coll.). Missouri: C. Mo. (Nat. Mus. Coll.);
St. Louis (Nat. Mus. Coll.); Mo. (Liebeck Coll.). Louisiana: ()pelou.sas,
Aju. 7 (Wenzel).
A common species in the eastern United States and one that
is easily recognizable — at least in the Atlantic region. It seems
rather more variable in the Mississippi Valley, and the various
forms of impurus which do not seem to differ from it structurally
may really be only still more diverse color phases of this species.
Gl. Pachybrachys impurus Suffrian
Of medium size, markings broad and diffuse, dark brown to
fuscous in the male, ferruginous in the female, front between the
eyes but little wider than the length of the basal antennal joint
in the male, ocular lines wanting; elytral striae much confused,
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
378 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
front claws of male distinctly enlarged. Ave. length 3 mm.
Illinois to Nebraska and Texas.
Head not wider than the thoracic apex, front closely punctate in the broad
confluent markings, eyes separated by one and one-fourth to one and one-third
times the length of the basal joint of the antennae in the male, and by twice
the length of the basal joint or slightly more in the female. Antennae mod-
erate, fully attaining the hind coxae in the male, outer joints dusky.
Prothorax distinctly narrowed in front, rather strongly rounded posteriorly,
especially in the male, sides sUghtly briefly sinuate immediately before the
hind angles, punctuation rather dense in the heavily marked shades represent-
ing the M, the smaller pale areas, including the side margins, sparsely punctate.
Elytra broadly confusedly punctate baso-medially, the striae elsewhere in
great part more or less irregular or fragmentary, eighth stria sinuous but well
defined in the male, sometimes a little confused in the female; marginal inter-
space punctate, more numei'ously and completely so in the female; shield
small and inconspicuous as a rule, sometimes obsolete.
Pygidium marked as usual. Body beneath (c?) blackish, except the ab-
dominal apex; ( 9 ) ferruginous with the abdominal margins or even the whole
abdomen paler. Legs rufo-testaceous to yellow with darker or blackish median
femoral and tibial spots.
Length 2.75 to 3.2 mm.; wider 1.4 to 1.7 mm.
Distribution. — Texas: (type 9). Kansas: Onaga (Crevecoeur). Iowa:
Iowa City, May and June (Wickham); Ebna, June 30 (Snow Coll.). Illinois:
Algonquin, June 10 (Nason); So. 111. (Soltau — Nat. Mus. Coll.), abnost pre-
cisely like the Suffrian type sent me bj^ Pi-ofessor Taschenberg.
Var. xanthias Suffrian
Yellowish, with slightly darker vague and diffuse rufo-testaceous or rust
colored shades. This is nothing more than a paler nearly uniformly colored
impurus, and all specimens seen by mo are females.
Distribution. — The type localities are Pennsylvania and Mis-
souri. I have never seen a specimen of the true impurus or the
form xanthias from the Atlantic Slope and it is not unlikely that
Suffrian has mixed two species under this name. An example
from Nebraska in my collection is almost exactly like the Suf-
frian specimen sent me by Taschenberg, and others from Iowa
City, Algonquin, 111., and West Point, Neb., differ but slightly.
Before receiving this type from the Suffrian Collection for study,
I had — ^in common with Bowditch — provisionally identified as
xanthias the diversus new species of the present ])ai)c'r. This
latter, however, is abundantly distinct from the true xanthias
by its more shining surface, better marked elytral striae, distinct
ocular lines, and less enlarged front claws of the male.
H. C. FALL 379
Var. umbrosus new variety
Upper surface black with a few very small scattered yellowish spots; head
and legs obscurely variegated with dull yellow. An extreme rnelanic variety
or race which superficially may very easily be confused with a nunil)er of other
species unless careful attention be given to the characters.
Distribution. — The type is one of two males from 8alina, Kan-
sas, sent me by Mr. Knaus.
This species is allied very closely indeed to subfasciatus, in
fact there is in the females a complete gradation in color from
subfasciatus through impurus to xanthias with apparently abso-
lutely no structural differences in either sex. It must, however,
be stated that all males that I have seen are either of the typical
subfasciatus form (including of course variations in the devel-
opment of the pale elytral fascia and spots), or they are of the
fusco-variegated form of the male of the true impurus including
the melanic extreme — umbrosus. Imjiuriis, xanthias and umbro-
sus are almost surely forms of one variable species, but until the
males are more perfectly connected I do not feel quite safe in
uniting them with subfasciatus.
62. Pachybrachys calidus new species
Dull yellow with rather broad fuscous markings, surface finely
alutaceous but frequently somewhat shining; eyes separated in
the male by about one-half the vertical width of their upper lobes,
and in the female by somewhat less than the width of their upper
lobes; ocular lines fine, cjuite near the eyes; marginal interspace
of the elytra nearly or quite impunctate; front claws of male
only slightly larger than the others. Ave. length 3.1 mm. West-
ern Texas to Arizona.
Head not wider than the thoracic apex, moderately punctate, median line
feebly or scarcely impressed, markings variable. Eyes separated in the male
by the length of the basal antennal joint, in the female by the length of the
first two joints or a Uttle more. Antennae (d^) attaining the hind coxae, a
little shorter in the female, the tenth joint scarcely more than two and one-half
times as long as wide in either sex; outer joints infuscate as usual.
Prothorax rather strongly transverse in the female, distinctly n'\rrowed in
front, widest behind the middle; sides moderately arcuate, more strongly so
in the male; punctuation close in the dark areas, side margins smoother; M
broad, extending from base to apex leaving two basal spots, a median line in
front, and the side margins pale.
Elytral striae somewhat impressed and distinct outside of the baso-sutvu'al
triangle; striae five to six often more or less broken at middle; shield distinct,
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
380 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
triangular; marginal interspace impunctate in the male, often with one or two
punctures at middle in the female; spots moderate in size to rather large,
usually quite distinct, but with some tendency to diffusion.
Pygidium almost entirely dark or with varyingly developed apical pale
spots. Body beneath fuscous, the abdominal apex pale. Legs pale with small
median darker spots or shades on femora and tibiae, these sometimes almost
obsolete.
Length 2.8 to 3.4 mm; width 1.45 to 1.85 mm.
Distribution. — Texas: El Paso, April (Fenyes), type $. N'eiv Mexico:
(Nat. Mus. Coll.). Arizona: Santa Rita Mountains, Apr. 17 (Clemence);
Catalina Springs, Apr. 12 to May 7 (Hubbard & Schwarz); "Ari" (Morrison —
Nat. Mus. Coll.), (Leng Coll.), (Schaeffer Coll.).
63. Pachybrachys brevicornis new species
Robust, yellow, with more or less heavy fuscous standard
markings; eyes moderately distant, front with ocular lines;
antennae unusually short (9); elytra strongly striate; front
claws of male not ap])reciably enlarged. Ave. length 2.9 mm.
Texas.
Head moderate in size but with the eyes rather prominent, standard sjiots
usually small or wanting except the one on the vertex, which is well developed.
Eyes ( 9 ) separated by rather more than twice the length of the basal antennal
joint. Antemiae ( 9 ) short, scarcely passing the shoulder knob, the tenth
joint scarcely twice as long as wide; outer joints infuscate.
Prothorax strongly transverse, widest at basal third, or two-fifths, sides
rather strongly rounded and strongly narrowed in front; punctuation close,
dense in the dark areas, the latter usually broad leaving the side margins and
three discal spots pale; punctuation less dense along the margin, which is
narrowly smooth posteriorly.
Elytra diffusely pimctate in a not very large basal-sutural triangle, elsewhere
with distinct striae which are rather strongly impressed laterally, the fifth and
sixth more or less broken or irregular at middle, the eighth with a subljasal
dislocation; marginal interspace impunctate; shield conspicuous, elongate
triangular. The color may be described as yellow with more or less heavy
confluent standard spots which vary from brown to nearly black; or as brown
or blackish with the basal margin, some short spurs e.xtending backward from
it, two short interrupted lateral transverse fasciae, the shield, and the apex,
yellow.
Pygidium brown or fuscous with or without the usual yellow spots. Body
beneath brown to fuscous with the last ventral in part yellow. Legs brownish
yellow, with darker femoral rings or clouds var3-ing in intensity.
Length 2.75 to 3.1 mm. width 1.5 to 1.8 mm.
Distribution. — Texas: Goliad, Apr. 18 (Schwarz); Cypress Mills, May 26
(Leng Coll.). The type is labeled simply "Tex," as ar(> other examph^s in the
Ijeng and Liebeck Collections.
H. C. FALL 381
The type and all other specimens but one are females; this one
being a male from Brownsville which is doubtfully referred. In
it the eyes are separated bj' a distance just visibly greater than
the length of the first two antennal joints, and on this character
the species is given the place it occupies in the table. In appear-
ance it is more like califiiis, in which, however, the eyes are very
distinctly more approximate. The front claws of the Browns-
ville male are not appreciabh' enlarged nor is any such modifica-
tion indicated for the male by the size of the front claws in the
female.
64. Pachybrachys prosopis new .species
Dull fiavous to rufo-testaceous, varialjly maculate with brown
or fuscous; eyes in male separated by the vertical width of their
up]ier lobes; ocular lines fine but evident; elytral striae fairly
regular; front claws of male onh- slightly larger than the others.
Ave. length 2.6 mm. Desert region of California and Arizona.
Head coar.sely somewhat irregularly punctate, ocular lines rather fine, more
distant from the eyes than in calidus. Eyes separated in the male by the
length of the first two antennal joints, and in the female by two and one-half
to nearly three times the length of the basal joint. Antennae short, in the
male not passing the hind coxae, in the female scarcely half as long as the body,
tenth joint not or scarcely more than twice as long as wide, at least in the
female.
Proihorax a little narrowed in front, more coarsely punctate than in calidus,
the M very variable in development, sometimes almost obsolete, sometimes by
difi'usion involving ahnost the entire disk, usually rather broad and not as
sharply defined as in calidus. Eh-tral markings similarly variable, the spots
typically well developed nearly as in calidus, but in some males much reduced;
surface striate except in the baso-sutural triangle, the striae more or less sin-
uous but entire, some or all of striae four to six, however, more or less inter-
rupted or broken at middle; shield rather large and conspicuous, subtriangular;
marginal interspace nearly or quite impunctate.
Pygidium, under surface and legs as in calidus.
Length 2.3 to 3 mm.: width 1.2 to 1.65 mm.
Distrihuiioyi. — Calljornia: Palm Springs, April (type 9 ) on inesquite;
Yuma, April (Fenyes); Inyo Co. (Ricksecker); Death Vallej', April (Koebele
in Nat. Mus. Coll.); S. E. Cal. (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.). Arizona: Laguna Dam,
Mar. 10 (Clemence); "Ari." (Morrison— Nat. Mus. Coll.).
This species, as indicated in the flescri])ti()n, is similar in many
ways to calidus. It is on the average a distinctly smaller insect,
relatively more coarsely punctured, apparently more variable in
color, with more widely separated eyes and larger elytral shield.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
382 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
65. Pachybrachys wenzeli new species
Robust, varying from almost entirely black to yellow, more or
less heavily maculate and irrorate with l^lack; prothoracic punc-
tuation nearly equally dense to the extreme margins, elytral
punctuation largely confused; eyes in the male less distant than
the vertical width of their upper lobes; front without ocular lines;
front claws of male a little larger than the others. Ave. length
3.8 mm. Arizona to El Paso, Texas.
Head not wider than the thoracic apex, markings heavy, sometimes so
broadly diffused as to leave only a few small yellow spots, the dark areas
densely punctate. Eyes in the male separated by about four-fifths the width
of their upper lobes, or by the length of the basal two joints of the antennae or
slightly more, in the female by a distance greater than the width of their upper
lobes or rather more than twice the length of the basal joint of the antennae.
Antennae fully three-fourths as long as the body in the male, the tenth joint
about three times as long as wide, shorter as usual in the female, pale at base,
outer joints dusky.
Prothorax moderately transverse, relatively a little longer and more dilated
posteriorly in the male, distinctly narrowed in front, sides strongly rounded
behind the middle, especially in the male, widest at about basal third, punctua-
tion dense throughout, side margins not smoother; AI heavily marked, leaving
three discal spots and side margin yellow, the discal spots sometimes reduced
to mere dots, or the surface may become entirely black.
Elytra but slightty wider than the prothorax, densely more coarsely punctate
than the latter, striae scarcely evident except along the side margin and some
short remnants on the rear convexity; shield wanting; eighth and sometimes
the seventh stria distinct and more or less impressed; marginal interspace
punctate; markings heavy, the lateral spots usually separable, the inner ones
less distinct and more or less diffuse and comiected with each other or with the
lateral spots; entire surface sometimes black irrorate with numerous small yel-
low spots, or occasionally entirely black.
Pygidium black, with or without apical yellow spots; body beneath black,
the last ventral segment sometimes margined with yellow. Legs variable,
thighs yellow with blackish spots, the tibiae pale at base, in the lighter colored
examples; in the darker ones the legs may be black with the femora at base
alone paler.
Length 3.4 to 4.3 mm.; width 1.9 to 2.6 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: This is appai*ently an abundant species in the
Huachuca, Chiricahua and Santa Rita Mountains of Southern Arizona, where
it has been taken by H. A. Wenzel, Skinner, Beyer, Schaeffer, Snow, Hubbard
and Schwarz and perhaps others — May to August. The type (cf ) was taken
by Wenzel in the Huachuca Mountains. The following localities are also rep-
resented: Williams, May and June (Nat. Mus. Coll.), also collected by myself .
July 3; Prescott (Snow Coll.); Pinal Mountains (Wickham). New Mexico:
Silver City (Dury). Texas: EI Paso (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.).
II. C. FALL 383
In this species the head and especially the prothorax are dis-
tinctly alutaceous, and the latter shows scattered minute punc-
tures between the larger punctures. The elytra are moderately
shining and barely detectably alutaceo-rugulose.
66. Pachybrachys snowi Bowrlitch
Large, robust, yellow with red-brown to piceous markings;
eyes in male separated lyy one-half the vertical width, and in the
female by scarcely the width of their upper lol)es; front without
ocular lines; lateral intersj)ace of elytra impunctate behind the
subbasal interruption; front claws of mak^ a little enlarged. Ave.
length 4.4 mm. Arizona.
Head with the usual marks, broader and more diffuse in the female with
correspondingly more diffuse punctuation. Eyes (cT) separated by the length
of the basal joint of the antennae, in the female by one and three-fourths times
the length of the basal joint or a little more. Antennae short, scarcely passing
the humeral umbo in the female; about two-thirds the length of the body in the
male; tenth joint three times as long as wide.
Prothorax moderately (cf) or more strongly (9) transverse, narrowed in
front, rather strongly rounded at sides behind the middle, esperialb' in the
male; surface verj' minutely alutaceous and moderately shining, punctuation
rather fine, not dense, though somewhat closer in the darker areas, a narrow
smooth median line in anterior half; the side margins smooth, more broadly
so behind; M rather broad, somewhat broken but with distinct outlines.
Elytra very little wider than the prothorax, punctuation coarser than in the
latter, broadly confused on the disk, serially arranged on the convexity and
with the two outer striae distinct, only lightly impressed; shield undeveloped
or small and inconspicuous. Standard spots evident, the lateral ones well
marked; the front one of the inner series diffuse and indistinct, the other two
elongate, the middle one extending back and joining the posterior one on its
outer side, the effect being to form a broken posterior fascia on the convexity.
Pygidium brown with yellow apical spots. Body beneath red-brown, the
last ventral segment more or less yellow. Femora yellow with dark rings;
tibiae brownish yellow, paler at base.
Length 4 to 4.75 mm.; width 2.2 to 2.7 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Bowditch reports it from Baboquivari Mountains,
Santa Rita Mountains, Douglas and Prescott. Specimens are l)efore me from
the first two named localities from the Snow and National Museum Collections
respectively, also from the Huachuca Mountains (Beyer), and a specimen
from ^^'ickham labeled "Riverside to Tucson."
67. Pachybrachys turbidus LeConte
Medium to large, yellow with red-brown markings which ma^-
become nearly black on the elytra; elytral striae deep with convex
intervals; surface shining though minutely alutaceous; front
TR.\NS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
384 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
without ocular lines; eyes separated by the length of the basal
joint of the antennae in the male; front claws of male slightly
larger. Ave. length 4 mm. Kansas to Texas.
Head moderate, punctuation close, a little uneven in distribution, markings
variable, usually more distinctly defined in the male, broader and diffuse in
the female, sometimes almost uniformly rufous (cf 9). Eyes in the male
separated by the length of the first antennal joint, in the female by one and
three-fourths to nearly twice the length of the basal joint. Antennae very
slender, fully three-fourths the length of the body in the male, tenth joint more
than three times as long as wide.
Prothorox widest at basal one-third or two-fifths, much narrowed in front,
strongly rounded at sides behind the middle, punctuation rather coarse, fairly
close in the darker areas, elsewhere sparser, side margins narrowly smooth
anteriorly, more widely so behind; markings as a rule very broad and cjuite
diffuse; sometimes involving the whole disk, leaving only the side margins
pale, the anterior angles more broadly so.
Elytra very coarsely punctate, closely diffusely so in the scutellar region,
striae rather deeply impressed throughout, the first terminating anteriorly at
the shield, two and three entire, four variable, five and six distinct in posterior
half, seven and eight entire; marginal interspace impunctate, all the intervals
convex, strongly so at sides and posteriorly; shield subtriangular, more or less
distinct; standard spots more or less defined, the anterior two and Ukewise the
posterior ones usually subcoalescent to form two more or less irregular trans-
verse fasciae.
Pygidium red-brown and yellow, the latter predominating. Body beneath
reddish brown, last ventral segment pale at apex. Legs rufo-testaceous
throughout, or yellowish with the middle and hind thighs faintly clouded with
rufous.
Length 3.7 to 4.3 mm.; width 2 to 2.45 mm.
Distribution.— Texas: (Type— LeConte Coll.); (Belf rage— Nat. Mus. Coll.);
"P. Saddle" (Leng Coll.); Round Mountain, and Seabrook, Aug. 9 (Wenzel).
Kansas: Douglas Co.; 900 ft. (Snow); Onaga (Wickham Coll.); Sahna (Knaus);
"Kans." (various collections).
68. Pachybrachys laticollis Jacoby
Size large, reddish brown variegated with numerous small
yellow spots, lustre dull; eyes separated in the female by a dis-
tance subequal to the vertical width of their upjoer lobes, front
without ocular lines; elytra deeply striate at sides and behind;
front claws of male prol)ably distinctly enlarged (not yet seen).
Ave. length 4 mm. Texas and Arizona.
Head moderately punctate, yellow with broad reddish brown markings; eyes
( 9 ) separated by barely twice the length of the basal antennal joint; antennae
( 9 ) about three-fifths the length of the body, paler toward the base, tenth joint
scarcely two and oiic-liiilf times as long as wide.
Prothorax rather long, nearly as wide as the elj-tra, sides, subi)arallel or
H. C. FALL 385
slightly convergent posteriorly from the basal third, quite strongly so in front,
standard markings broadly suffusing the disk, punctuation rather fine and
very dense, disk with small scattered sUghtly more convex smooth yellow
flecks; narrowly smooth or sparsely punctured along the side margins.
Elytral punctuation coarser than that of the prothorax, densely confused
in a broad baso-sutural triangle, sides and rear striate, the striae deep and
nearly regular on the convexity; marginal interspace punctate in basal half;
shield small, sometimes indistinct.
Pygidium yellow with basal margin and median spur brown; bodj' beneath
brown, last ventral segment in part yellow. Front thighs brown, paler basally,
middle and hind thighs rufo-testaceous with broad black rings; tibiae brownish,
paler toward the base.
Length 4 to 4.25 mm.; width 2.3 to 2.3.5 mm.
Distribution. — Texas: Brownsville, June (Schaeffer), April and May (Dury).
Arizona: San Bernardino Ranch, Cochise Co. (Snow).
In the Arizona .specimen the broad suffused markings are
l)kickish fuscous instead of reddish brown but otherwise it seems
identical. This species resembles turhidus in size and general
facies but is more densely and less coarsely punctate, the baso-
sutural area of confused punctures much larger, the lustre dull —
moderately to distinctly shining in turhidus. The width of
front between the eyes is a trifle less in turhidus in the female,
and I suspect that males of the two species will not prove to be
very different in this respect; on this assumption the present
species is tabulated near turhidus.
G9. Pachybrachys duryi new species
Yellow, l)rown punctate, thoracic M moderate, elytra with a
common sutural spot on the convexity and some small marginal
markings; front rather narrow, the eyes separated by a distance
less than the vertical width of their upper lobes, even in the
female; no ocular lines; front claws of male not appreciably
enlarged. Ave. length 2.3 mm. Brownsville, Texas.
Head not appreciably wider than the thoracic apex, front sparsely punctate
except in the median impressed line, markings small. Eyes separated by the
length of the basal antennal joint in the male, and by the length of the first two
joints in the female. Antennae moderate, outer joints dusky.
Protfwra.v distinctly narrowed in front, widest and moderatelj' rounded at
basal third, punctuation close in the dark areas, elsewhere sparse, side margins
smooth. Elytra confusedly jjunctate in moderate baso-sutm-al area, striae
two to three and seven to eight entire, the intermediate ones broken and veiy
irregular; shield small, inconspicuous, marginal interspace without i)unctures,
the eighth stria with a strong sigmoid dislocation: standard s])ots very obvious,
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
386 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
those of the marginal series small and rather sharply defined, dark brown, the
two posterior connected; inner spots represented by vague diffuse brown
shades, a darker sutural spot at the beginning of the declivity.
Pygidium brown and yellow. Body beneath dark brown with abdominal
sides and apex pale. Legs pale with small diffuse slightly darker median
clouds on the femora and tibiae.
Length 2.25 to 2.4 mm.; width 1.25 to 1.3 mm.
Distribution. — Texas: Brownsville, Apr. 12 to May 20 (Dury), type cf ; St.
Tomas, Brownsville, April (>Schaeffer).
This species may easily be confused with texamis, which occurs
abundantly in the same region, but the latter has more approxi-
mate eyes, strongly modified male front tibiae, and the standard
elytral spots are disposed as usual. The sutural s])ot on the
convexity in duryi is not large, but is quite conspicuous, and will
probably prove characteristic.
70. Pachybrachys gracilipes new species
Of medium size, rather brightly black and yellow mottled;
eyes in the male separated by a distance which is less, and in the
female more, than the vertical width of their upper lobes; no
ocular lines; front tibiae scarcely widened apically; front claws
of male small. Ave. length 2.85 mm. Western Texas.
Head not wider than the thoracic apex, markings light to heavy, punctuation
close in the dark areas, elsewhere sparse. Eyes separated by one and one-third
(cT) or one and three-fourths ( 9 ) times the length of the basal antennal joint.
Antennae thin, fully three-fourths the length of the body in the male, the
tenth joint three times as long as wide; in the female scarcely more than half
the length of the body; color yellow, outer joints blackish as usual.
Prothorax moderately narrowed in front, widest at basal third, sides broadly
arcuate, slightly incurved basally; punctuation rather coarse and close in the
dai"k areas, which vary much in development but are quite sharply defined
and usually rather broad; side margins smooth.
Elytra with striae two to three and seven to eight entire and evidently im-
pressed, the outer ones rather strongly so; striae four to six much broken or
confused anteriorly, but distinct on the posterior convexity; shield distinct, con-
vex, sub-triangular; marginal interspace without punctures, the submarginal
stria deflexed to the margin behind the shoulder.
Pygidium black with the usual oblique converging yellow spots. Body
beneath black, a yellow spot usually present at side of last ventral segment,
and the sides of the abdomen sometimes narrowly yellow. Legs yellow with
sharply defined black rings on the femora and tibiae.
Length 2.7 to 3 mm.; width 1.4 to 1.G5 mm.
Distribution.— Texas: Alpine, 4,400 to 6,000 ft., June 28 to 30 (\>'ickham)
type cf ; Davis Mountains, Chisos Mountains and Green ^'alley, Chisos Moun-
tains, July 9 to 10 (Wenzel).
H. C. FALL 387
The front tibiae are not distinctly widened apically in this
S])ecies, as they usually are, and the apical spur projects inward
nearly at right angles to the axis of the tibia.
71. Pachybrachys confederatus new species
Yellow, with dark brown or fuscous standard markings, variable
in development; eyes of male somewhat less distant than the
vertical width of their upper lobes, in the female separated by a
distance subequal to the width of their u])])er lobes; front with-
out ocular lines; elytral striae impressed, more or less broken;
front claws not appreciably enlarged in the male. Ave. length
2.9 mm. New York to North Carolina.
Head not appreciably wider than the thoracic apex, markings moderate to
broad. Eyes separated by one and one-third to one and two-fifths times the
length of the basal antennal joint in the male, and by the length of the first
two joints or slightly more in the female. Antennae fully four-fifths as long
as the body in the male, the tenth joint not much less than four times as long
as wide, yellow with basal and outer joints more or less infuscate.
Prolhorax moderately transverse, sides moderately arcuately narrowed from
a little before the base; punctuation moderately coarse and close; M more or
less broken and diffuse but usually rather broadly marked, and consisting of
dark brown or fuscous spots overlaid upon stiU more vague and diffuse shades
of paler brown; side margins not smooth or only partially and imperfectly so.
Elytral disk confusedly punctate in the baso-sutural region, striae distinctly
impressed, especially at sides and rear, where they are well defined, becoming
broken or confused at the middle of the disk; submarginal stria with strong
subhumeral dislocation; marginal intersj^ace impunctate or nearly so; shield
small, yellow, and moderately convex; standard spots varj-ing from rather
small and well isolated to broad and more or less confluent.
Pygidium fuscous with the usual yellow spots. Body beneath blackish with
sides of ventral segments — especially the terminal one — yellow. Legs yellow
with broad median femoral and tibial fuscous rings or shades.
Length 2.8 to 3.1 mm.; width 1.5 to l.G mm.
Distrihuiion. — New York: cf type, without definite locality, but j^robabh-
from the vicinity of New York City. Connecticut: exact locality not indicated.
Virginia: Pennington Gap, June 26 (Hubbard & Schwarz). A'orth Carolina:
Black Mountains, June (Van Dyke). Missouri: Kansas City, June (Alacken-
zie in Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.), 1 9 , identity doul)tful.
This species is very closely alli(Ml to and almost exactly identical
in appearance to 7-elictus, differing, however, in its distinctly less
distant eyes, which fact of course accounts for its remoteness from
the latter species in the tabular arrangement. The side margins
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XLI.
388 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
of the prothorax are more completely ]iunc'tured here than in
relictus, which has a fairly well defined smooth margin, and the
front claws of the male are possibly a trifle larger, though small
in both. The relation of confederatus to tyheensis is about equally
close and the tabular characters seem to offer the only means of
separation.
72. Pachybrachys tybeensis new species
Yellow, with reddish brown to dark brown punctures and
indistinct markings; front between the eyes rather narrow, ocular
lines wanting; front claws of male not enlarged. Ave. length 3
mm. Tybee Island, Georgia.
Head not wider than the thoracic apex (slightly so in one female), front
moderately closely punctate, markings somewhat diffuse. Eyes separated in
the male by a distance which is much less than the vertical width of their upper
lobes, and exceeds but slightly the length of the basal antennal joint; in the
female by a distance subecjual to the width of their upper lobes and about one
and two-thirds times the length of the basal antennal joint. Antennae very
slender, outer joints more or less dusky, in the male fully three-fourths as long
as the body, in the female but little more than half the length of the body, the
tenth joint more than three times as long as wide in the male, a little shorter
in the female.
Prothorax distinctly arcuately narrowed in front, widest just before the base,
punctuation dense, rather coarse, with scattered small, smooth, more convex
spots; side margins only very narrowly and incompletely smoother; markings
red-brown, broad, very diffuse.
Elytra confusedly punctured in a rather narrow baso-sutural ai'ea, elsewhere
with the punctures in broken or irregular series, of which the second and third
are sometimes fairly regular, and the seventh and eighth and apical portions
of the others are moderately impressed and distinct, marginal interspace with
a few coarse punctures behind the subhumeral interruption; shield small but
convex and distinct; markings rather light and diffuse, the standard spots
rather indistinct, especiall}^ the inner series, which may be in part or entirely
lacking.
Pygidium rufo-testaceous, darker at base, apical parts paler, the spots some-
times evident, but usually vaguely diffuse. Body beneath brown or fuscous,
sides and apex of abdomen more or less evidently paler. Legs yellow with
median darker femoral and tibial bands.
Length 2.8 to 3.25 mm.; width 1.5-1.75 mm.
Distribution. — Georgia: Tybee Island, July 2 to 6 (Wenzel), type cT.
This species bears a certain resemblance to some examples of
characteristicus and JentoraUit^. It differs from the former in its
less broadly diffuse ])unctuation and better defined elytral striae,
and from both by the more approximate eyes and small front
H. C. FALL 389
claws of the male. Its close relationship to confederatns is alluded
to under that species.
73. Pachybrachys calcaratus new species
Sordid yellow with tliti'use fuscous niarkings which may be so
extensive as to constitute the prevailing color; clytral striae evi-
dent at sides and rear, front without ocular lines; front tibiae of
male with subapical rectangular tooth on the inner margin due to
the abrupt narrowing of the tibia, and a long stout curved termi-
nal spur; front claws of male not appreciably enlarged. Ave.
length 2.9 mm. Michigan to Louisiana.
Head not wider than the thoracic apex, front coarsely moderately closely
punctate, markings variable. Eyes separated in the male by one and one-half
times the length of the basal antennal joint, or by a distance equal to or very
slightly greater than the vertical width of their upper lobes; in the female by
approximately two and one-half times the length of the basal joint of the
antennae. Antennae moderate, attaining the hind coxae in the female, longer
in the male, tenth joint about three times as long as wide, outer joints fuscous.
Prothorax distinctly arcuately narrowed from near the base, a very short
slight sinuation at the hind angles; punctuation coarse, rather close, side mar-
gins narrowly smooth, at least in part; markings variable but usually broad,
leaving two basal and a median apical s])ot and the front angles irregularly pale.
Elytra coarsely punctate, the two outer striae distinct and moderately im-
pressed, the discal ones much confused or broken, sometimes with one or two
subentire; shield not large but usually well defined and convex; marginal inter-
space with coarse punctures, usually more numerous in the female, but some-
times nearly wanting; markings variable, the standard spots sometimes small
and isolated but more frequently broad and confluent, the general color fuscous
with numerous small scattered yellow areas.
Pi/gidium blackish with two oblique yellow spots. Body beneath blackish,
the last ventral and side margins of the abdomen sometimes marked with
yellow. Legs brownish fuscous, base and apex of middle and hind thighs
yellow; front thighs with large yellow spot or stripe on the anterior face.
Length 2.6 to 3.2 mm.; width 1.4 to l.S mm.
Distribution. — Illinois: Hinsdale, June 21 (Bebb), type d'; 111. (Stromberg
in Blanchard Coll.); (Liebeck Coll.). Michigan: Detroit (Hubbard and
Schwarz). Iowa: One cf without specific locaUty. Kansas: Salina (Knaus).
Louisiana: Vernon Parish (Leng Coll.); Vowell's Mills (Leng).
The Louisiana specimens are less heavily marked than the
Illinois and Iowa ones, but they agree with each other, and one of
them is a male with the remarkable front tibial character pre-
cisely as in type. This species in general facies resembles pretty
closely some examples of atomarins and other similar species, but
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
390 AMEBICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
the sexual tibial character of the male at once identifies it. In
this particular it is almost unique, texanus and uncinatus only
possessing a similar structure. In these two, however, there is no
subapical tooth and the eyes are much more approximate. Cal-
caratus is apparently rather rare or else quite local as it is repre-
sented in but few collections that I have seen.
*
74. Pachybrachys cylindrieus Bowdit ch
Light yellow, prothorax and elytra strongly shining, the alu-
taceous sculpture either lacking or so fine as to be scarcely'' detect-
able; standard markings present, the spots as a rule quite sharply
defined and rather small, the prothoracic M extending from base
to apical two-fifths or one-third, rarely beyond. Eyes more
distant in the male than the width of their upper lobes, front
without ocular lines; elytral striae scarcely impressed and much
confused; front claws of male strongly enlarged. Ave. length
3.75 mm. Utah to southeastern California.
Head as wide as the prothoracic apex, front mostly yellow, finely and sparsely
punctate, supra-antennal spots nearly wanting, triangular frontal spots rather
small and narrowly connected with the broad black vertex spot, the latter
closely punctate. Eyes separated by twice the length of the basal antenna!
joint in the male, and by fully three times the length of this joint in the female,
or in the latter sex by a distance as great as the entire length of the eye. An-
tennae very long and slender in the male, nearly or quite attaining the elytral
apex, the tenth joint four to five times as long as wide; in the female not more
than two-thirds as long as the body, the tenth joint about three times as long
as wide.
Prothorax less transverse than usual, apex a little narrower than the base,
sides moderately arcuate behind the middle, a little incurved basally, surface
sparsely finely punctate except in the darker areas, the latter variable in devel-
opment, sometimes nearly wanting, again black and sharply defined, never very
broad, and rarely extending in front of the apical third; the central stripe dis-
tinctly forked in front and usually joining the lateral arms so as to enclose two
basal pale spots.
Elytra rather sparsely and finely punctured, the striae much broken, two and
three usually entire, seven more or less regular, eight well defined and some-
what impressed; shield small or moderate, marginal interspace impunctate or
with one or two punctures near the middle; outer standard spots distinct, not
large; posterior inner spot joining the outer to form a distinct transverse fascia;
the middle inner spot forming an oblique projecting si)ur from this fascia;
anterior inner spot often more or less vague or diffuse.
Pygidium black and yellow. Body beneath black, with the fianks of the
prothorax, metasternum in part, and sides and apex of abdomen more or less
pale. Legs almost entirely pale yellow.
H. C. FALL 391
Length 3.3 to 4.25 mm.; width 1.75 to 2.3 mm.
Distribulion. — Arizona: Prescott (type); Ash Fork, Juni- 18 (Barber &
Schwarz); Williams, July 18 (Barber & Schwarz). Utah: American Fork
Caiion, June 23 (Hubbard & Schwarz); Chad's Ranch (var? in Bowditch Coll.).
Nevada: Esmerakla, June 27 (Xunenmacher). Calif ornia: Los Angeles Co.,
May (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.).
75. Pachybrachus notatus Bowditch
Original description. "Large .sized, stout, dull black and bright yellow,
thorax with three prominent yellow spots on top, elytra ftiirly regularly striate
punctate. Length 3^ mm."
"Head j'ellow, flat, with black vertex, connected with center line, wliich
runs into a crescent mark which ends at the antennae on either side, black
marks thickly punctate, clypeal edge also black, sparingly whitish pubescent,
especially in the angles of the eyes, which are distant; antennae dark, lighter
toward the base, reaching the hmd coxa in cT ; thorax constricted in front and
narrowed behind, yellow, with very narrow beading on front margin black, the
surface covered bj^ a broad black j\I, which occupies nearly the whole rear
margin and leaves a lateral and anterior border of yellow, the former being
the widest; there is also a pear shaped 3'ellow spot placed obhquelj' and pointing
to the scutel on either side of the disk at the rear, dilated end to the front and
an anterior median spot, which joins the yellow^ margin, also a small yellow
dot on each side; surface with sparse punctures, closer toward the anterior
corners, the yellow margins, except as aforesaid, are about free from punctures,
lateral edge very slightly subangulate in d' ; elytra parallel, slightly compressed
behind the shoulders, yellow, with suture and margin narrowly black; the inside
standard spots suffused longitudinally into an irregular black mark joining a
transverse band on the convexity formed by the suffusion of the four rear
spots, the external middle spot is not suffused, the humeral spot is also distinct,
the punctuation is a little coarser than the thorax, largety confused, but the
intervals from the third outwards on the the rear half of the elytra are more or
less distinctly indicated, though the costae are everywhere flat, the third and
fourth and the marginal and next to it are the most marked intervals, there is
also a prominent smooth yellow sutural shield and another patch occupying
three or four intervals and forming a transverse spot on the side just before the
convexity; marginal stria barely sinuate behind the lobe, w^hich is wide and
smooth, with a fine row of marginal punctures; under side black, with silveiy
pubescence, prosternum semisulcate; legs yellow, with spots on thighs, and
tibiae and tarsi darker; hind thighs with a white spot on end, and front thighs
with light spot on front."
"One d^ Santa Rita Mts., Arizona. Collected by the late Professor Snow.
In form, size and general appearance very similar to inclusus Jac. Type in
Snow collections."
I have not seen the unique type of this species, and as the above
description does not touch upon the characters most needful for
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
392 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
assigning the species a place in the classification here adopted,
I addressed a letter of inquiry to Prof. S. J. Hunter of the Uni-
versity of Kansas, who very kindl,y examined the type and
answered my questions so far as possible. Unfortunately the
claws are lacking on both front tarsi of the type, which makes
it impossible to place the species with any certainty. The sur-
face is somewhat shining though with distinct alutaceous sculp-
ture; the eyes are separated by twice the length of the basal
antennal joint, tenth joint "3 to 3J" times as long as wide;
ocular lines wanting. The marginal interspace of the elj^tra is
said by Professor Hunter to l)e punctate but from a sketch of the
elytra sent by him I should judge that it was not; a doubtful
point. I have assumed that the front claws are enlarged, but as
this is scarcel}^ more than a guess, the species must be regarded
as tentatively placed.
70. Pachybrachys caelatus LeConte
Dull pale yellow, markings varying from rather heavy and al-
most black, to entirely wanting on the elytra and with only
faint pale brownish shades on the prothorax. Eyes very widely
separated, front sparsely punctate except in the median impres-
sion, without ocular lines. Elj^tral striae for the most part
fairly regular and entire; front claws of male very large. Average
length 2.8 mm. Kansas and Texas to southern California.
Head subequal in width to the thoracic apex, front unevenly punctate,
sparsely so in the pale areas. Eyes separated in the male by fully twice the
length of the basal joint of the antennae and in the female by more than three
times the length of this joint, or by nearly the entire length of the eye. Mark-
ings variable in extent, the pale color commonly predominating. Antennae
moderate, scarcely more than two-thirds the length of the body in the male,
outer joints blackish, the tenth about three times as long as wide.
Prothorax moderately transverse, evidently but not strongly narrowed in
front, widest near the base, sides feebly arcuate, punctuation somewhat sparse,
closer as usual in the darker areas, side margins smooth; markings variable,
the M sometimes very broad, leaving only three elongate pale discal spots, but
usually much narrower and more or less disintegrated, the pale areas fully as
ex-tensive as the dark.
Elytra with confused punctuation in a rather small scutellar area, otherwise
with more or less regular lightly impressed striae, the eighth usually neai'ly
straight throughout, fifth and sixth sometimes a little confused and the inner
ones also somewhat variable in degree of regularity; marginal interspace with
H. C. FALL 393
a few punctures representing the usual break in the eighth stria, and occasion-
ally with one or two further back; shield elongate, usual!}- well developed;
standard spots generally small or sul)obsolete, usually more or less linear in
form, the outer series not encroaching upon the marginal interspace.
Pijgidium yellow with black markings, or black marked with yellow. Body
beneath black, the last ventral often more or less [)al(\ J>egs pale with faint
median femoral and tibial clouds which become more i)ronounced in the darker
specimens.
Length 2.5 to 3.2 mm.; width 1.3.5 to 1.7 mm.
Distribution. — California: Described from San Diego and Fort Yuma.
Arizona: Bright Angel. July 5; Winslow (Wickham); Nogales, Aug. 30 (Xunen-
macher); Santa Rita Mountains, 5,000 toS.OOO ft., July (Snow). "Ari." (Am.
Ent. Soc. Coll.). Utah: A 9 specimen in my own collection without specific
locaUty. N'eiv Mexico: Los Vegas Hot Springs, Aug. 3 to 12 (Barber and
Schwarz); Socorro, Aug. (Snow); Cloudcroft, June 16 (Viereck); Magdalena
Mountains, Aug. (Snow). Colorado: (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.). Kanms: Greeley
Co., 3,550 ft. (F. X. Williams); "Ks" (Beyer Coll.). Texas: (Belfrage in Nat.
Mus. CoU.); Camp San Saba, ]May 27 (Knaus); Green Valley, Chisos Moun-
tains, July 14 (Wenzel).
The most important cluiracters of this species are the widely
distant eyes combined with the very large front claws of the
male. The integuments are Cjuite distinctly though finely aluta-
ceous in some specimens, while in others barel}' visibly so and
quite strongly shining.
77. Paehybrachys brevicollis LeConte
Dull pale yellow, with ferruginous to fuscous punctures and
standard spots, the latter inclined to be diffuse and ill-defined
though not very l)road; eyes more distant in the male than the
vertical width of their upper lobes; front witiiout ocular lines;
front claws of male strongly enlarged.
Average length 3 mm. Texas to Montana.
Head not at all wider than the thoracic apex, frontal markings moderate,
jmnctuation uneven. Eyes separated by one and one-half to one and three-
fourths times the length of the basal antennal joint in the male, and by twice
the length of this joint or shghtly more in the female. Antennae moderate,
yellow, with the outer joints and a spot on the basal joint blackish, tenth joint
(cf ) a little less than three times as long as wide.
Prothorax strongly transverse, broadly arcuately narrowing toward the
front; punctuation dense in the dark areas, the M fairly distinct but somewhat
broken, variable in extent, not attaining the front margin; side margins smooth.
Elytra confusedly closely punctate in a scutellar triangle of variable size, striae
distinct laterally and posteriorly, four to six more or less broken except toward
the rear, submarginal stria with a slight post-hmneral sinuation, beneath
which there are a few pun('tures, more numerous in the female, the marginal
TRANS. AM. ENT. .SOC, XLI.
394 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
interspace otherwise impunctate or virtually so; shield small, generally indis-
tinct.
Pygidium blackish and yellow, t\'])ically marked. Body beneath blackish,
last segment of abdomen apically i)ale. Legs yellow, with small femoral and
tibial spots or shades brownish.
Length 2.75 to 3.4 mm.; width 1.5 to 1.8 mm.
Distribution. — Texas: (Belfrage) type; in addition to the type I have seen
some seven or eight examples labeled simply "Tex." in the LeConte, Horn,
Nat. Museum and Leng Collections, most if not all of which were probably
from the same source. Colorado: (Leng Coll.). Montana: (Leng Coll.).
The general appearance of this species is altogether like that of
numerous other medium sized dull yellow and brownish mottled
forms, but LeConte removed it from the indefinite species and
included it in his table,'* from a fancied difference in the proster-
num. In the short description the prothorax is said to be nearly
three times as wide as long. This is the most extreme instance
known to me of this previously alluded to tendency of LeConte
to overestimate the greater dimension in terms of the smaller.
By careful measurement of the type I found the prothorax to be
L45 mm. wide and .85 mm. long, the width being nearly L7 times
the length. In the type the dark markings are ill-defined, the
scutellar region largely suffused with brownish, the middle mar-
ginal spot is only feebly indicated; the thoracic markings are
dark brown and rather broad in the labeled example, less dark
in the second specimen, in which also the elytral marks are smaller.
The front claws of the male are strongly enlarged, though not
ciuite to such an extreme as in caelatus.
78. Pachybrachys nubigenus new species
Yellow, prothoracic markings broad, elytra with sutural region
more or less broadly suffused with pale reddish brown to almost
black, the color darker in tlie male; eyes in male separated by a
distance barely as great to evidently greater than the vertical
width of their upjier lobes; front with ocular lines; elytral punc-
tuation largely confused, marginal interspace numerously ])unc-
tate; front claws of male distinctly enlarged. Ave. length 3.3
mm, i^'outhern California.
Head coarsely subevenly and mod(n-atcly closely punctate, i)redominantly
yellow; the antennal spots subobsolete, median spot rather small, rufo-testa-
ceous or brownish, vertex sj)ot usually darker. Eyes separated in the male by
slightly more than the length of the first two antennal joints, in the female by
" Trans. Am. Ent. Soe. viii, p. 2()S, .July, 1880.
H. C. FALL 395
rather more than twice the length of the basal joint. Antennae attaining the
hind coxae in the female, a little longer in the male, tenth joint about three
times as long as wide.
Prothorax widest at about the basal fourth, a Uttle contracted basally with a
shght sinuation before the angles, moderately convergent and broadly arcuate
or nearly straight in front; punctuation rather coarse and close, somewhat
uneven, side margin smoother; M broad, diffuse, pale brown.
Elytra densely, coarsely and in great part confusedly punctured, the second
or third stria or both usually fairly regular and entire, as are the seventh and
eighth, the apical portions of some of the others more or less distinct; striae
feebly impressed; shield small and indistinct or wanting; marginal interspace
broad and numerously punctate in at least the basal haKortwo-thii'ds;standard
spots usually not defined. In the type the shoulder knob is dark and the
apical outer spot is distinct, the inner spots suffused into a broad blackish
sutural cloud which is somewhat disintegrated or encroached upon by yellow
spots at the middle externally. In other examples the outer spots are entirely
wanting and the median cloud is paler brown.
Pygidium yellow with the usual bisinuate blackish border at base. Body
beneath brown to blackish with the tip of the abdomen pale. Legs pale with
light brown spots or rings on the femora and tibiae, sometimes indistinct.
Length 3.1 to 3.5 mm.; width 1.7 to 1.85 mm.
Distribution. — California: Pasadena, May, type cf; Laguna Beach (Baker);
Los Angeles Co. (Coquillett in Nat. Mus. Coll.); (Van Dyke); San Bernanlino
Co. (\'an Dyke).
After a good deal of comparison and deliberation I still feel
considerable uncertainty as to the standing of this species. The
problem, however, may be considered a jiart of that involved in
the relationship of arizonensis and punctatus and their varieties
or allied forms, for nubigenus is surely closely related to these
though removed from them for convenience in tabulation. Super-
ficially nubigenus is at once distinguishable from either of these
species by the dorsal cloud on the elytra. In punctatus the
elytral spots are occasionally well developed, more especially in
the var. shasta, but in my experience the spots are always more or
less clearty defined, never broadly suffused into a single cloud as
in nubigenus; and moreover it is in the female of punctatus that
the maculation is most developed, the male only rarely showing
traces of spots, while in nubigenus the dorsal cloud N l)r()adest or
at least darkest in the male. In arizonensis the elytra appear to
be invariably completely devoid of maculation, the discal punc-
tuation is rather less dense, the elytral series of punctures a little
better defined, and the front claws of the male a trifle smaller
relativeh" than in nubigenus. In both punctatus and arizonensis
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
396 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
the punctures along the side margin of the jironotum are smaller
and paler than in nuhigenus. The width of the front between
the eyes shows quite a little variation and the ocular lines are in
some examples so close to the eyes as to appear to be wanting.
Just such variations have been observed in punctatus. Nubi-
genus is somewhat similar in the dorsal elytral cloud to the fol-
lowing species — punicus — which see for a statement of differences.
79. Pachybrachys punicus new species
Yellow, prothoracic markings rust colored and more or less
■disintegrated and diffuse, elytra with fuscous dorsal clouds made
up of the more or less connected and suffused inner series of spots;
the outer spots feeble or wanting, except the posterior one, which
is often connected with the inner cloud; eyes (d^) much more
distant than the width of their upper lobe; front with ocular
lines, distant from the eyes; outer four or five elytral striae entire
or nearly so and fairly regular; front claws of male a little en-
larged.
Ave. length 2.75 mm. Southern California.
Head rather sparsely punctate, front almost entirely yellow, the median
impressed hne sometimes faintly rust colored, vertex spot present; ocular lines
distinct and at about two-fifths the distance from the eyes to the median line
of the front. Eyes separated fully twice the length of the rather large basal
joint of the antennae in the male, and by three times the length of the basal
joint in the female. Antennae pale basally, outer joints blackish, fully three-
fourths the length of the body in the male, not much more than half the length
of the body in the female, tenth joint about three times as long as wide.
Prothorax widest at basal fourth, evidentlj' but not strongly narrowed in
front, sides feebly arcuate or nearly straight anteriorly, roimded in a little
basally, with a slight sinuation before the angles; punctuation somewhat
uneven, fairly close in the diffuse rust colored markings, elsewhere sparse,
the side margins smooth.
Elytra densely irregularly punctate in a moderate sized baso-sutural triangle,
elsewhere subregularly striate, striae finely impressed, eighth nearly straight
without subbasal dislocation; marginal interspace with a series of coarse punc-
tures which is usually more or less interrupted medially; shield large and con-
spicuous, yellow, contrasting with the dark markings.
Pygidium, body beneath and legs as in the preceding species.
Length 2.45 to 3.05 nmi.; width 1.25 to 1.7 mm.
Distribution.— California: Pomona, foothills, June 11, o^ ^ypc, C'larcmont
(Baker); Los Angeles Co. (Coquillett in Nat. Mus. Coll.). Lower California:
San Felipe (Beyer).
H. C. FALL 397
Tins species ioolvs a good deal iilce a small nubigcnus bceausc
of the similar dorsal elytral cloud; here, however, the suffusion is
generally less complete. In addition to the smaller size, this
species differs distinctly from nubigenu.s in its less dense ])unc-
tuation, more widely separated e3^es, more conspicuous ocular
lines, which are more distant from the eyes, nmch more regularly
striate el\'tra, with the marginal interspace less numerously
punctate, front claws of male a little less noticeably enlarged.
Punicus is more nearly related to and very like those extreme
forms of diversus with the discal elytral cloud, but the latter have
the eyes distinctly less remote.
SO. Pachybrachys melanostictus Suffrian
Black and dull yellow, mottled, sometimes the ]mle, sometimes
the dark areas, in excess, prothoracic M usually heavy; eyes
widely separated, front with distinct ocular lines; elytral striae
well defined at sides and rear, outer interspace with few punctures;
front claws of male a little enlarged. Ave. length 2.9 mm.
Pacific Coast States and those immediately adjoining.
Head unevenly rather coarsely punctured, markings variable in (;le\-eloi)ment,
the front often predominantly yellow in the male, but more heavily marked
with black in the female, the parts most persistently yellow being a spot on
either side of the middle opposite the upper margin of the eyes within the
ocular lines, and a median spot between the antennae. Eyes separated by
fully twice the length of the basal anteimal joint in the male, and by about
tliree times the length of the joint in the female. Antennae dull yellow basally,
outer joints blackish, fullj- three-fourths as long as the body in the male, basal
joint rather large, tenth about three times as long as wide; in the female about
two-thirds as long as the body, basal joint smaller, tenth about two and one-
half times as long as wide.
Prot/iorax moderately transverse in the male, more strongly so in the female,
widest at basal third (cf), or about basal fourth (9), moderately nan-owed
anteriorly, a little constricted at base, with or without slight sinuation before
the angles; punctuation rather coarse and fairly close, a little imeven, si)arse
along the side margins; M broad as a rule, often involving the entire surface
except a longitudinal sj^ot each side of the middle extending forward from the
base a variable distance, a narrow median apical line, and tlie side margins
widening at the anterior angles.
Elytra diffusely punctate in a baso-sutural triangle, exterior and jjosterior to
which the punctures are arranged serially, the striae finely imi)ressed at sides
and rear, the fifth and sixth more or less confused before the middle as a rule;
marginal interval with a few jjunctures in basal half; shield variable, usually
rather small and incons])icuous, often obsolete. Stanchird sjjots may all be
present and are then usually more or less sutfusedly connccled. In the paler
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
398 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
examples the middle exterior spot is often absent, and the corresponding inner
spot nearly so; the latter is almost invariably connected with the one behind
it, which very often joins the outer posterior spot.
Pygidium sometimes entirely black but usually with the typical yellow
apical spots. Body beneath black, the apex and sometimes side margins of
venter pale. Legs yellow with dark femoral and tibial spots of variable extent.
Length 2.4 to 3.3 mm.; width 1.3 to 1.7 mm.
Distribution.— California: "Northern Cahfornia," type; San Diego, May 1;
San Bernardino Mountains, July 12; Pasadena, June 12; Pomona, April 4 to 30;
"So. Cal. Smith's Springs, 3,300 ft., Apr. 19" (Snow CoU.); Fredalba, July 29
(Pilate); Kaweah and vicinity, April and May (Hopping in various Colls.);
Bishop, June, and Mill Valley, June (Fenyes) ; LakeTahoe, July 17 to21 ; Sonoma
Co. (Van Dyke) ; San Jose,"on willows" (Mrs. A. S. Bush in Nat. Mus. Coll.) ; Los
Angeles Co., San Joaquin Co., and Tehama Co. (Coquillett in Nat. ]\Ius. Coll.);
Placer Co. and Siskiyou Co. (Koebele in Nat. Mus. Coll.); Yreka (Leng Coll.);
Marin Co. and Lake Co. (Leng Coll.); Blair's Ranch, Humboldt Co. (H. S.
Barber) ; Sisson (Hubbard & Schwarz) ; Shasta Springs, July (Fenyes) ; Cole,
July (Fenyes); Dunsmuir (Wickham). Oregon: Portland (Wickham); Hunt-
ington (Leng Coll.); "Or" (Koebele). Washington: Easton (Koebele — Nat.
Mus. Coll.) ; Olympia (Liebeck Coll.) ; Snokomish (Nat. Mus.) . British Colum-
bia: Emerald Lake, June (Fenyes); Vernon (Wickham Coll.); Kaslo, June to
Aug. (Caudell and Currie— Nat. Mus. Coll.). Idaho: Pocatello (Wickham).
Nevada: Elko; Reno (Wickham). Utah: City Canon, June 28; Stockton, June
11 (Knaus); Provo (Wickham); American Fork Canon, June; Wahsatch, June
27 (Hubbard & Schwarz). Arizona: Oak Creek Canon, 6,000 ft., Aug. (Snow.) .
Colorado: Garland, June 29, and Alamosa, July 3 (Hubbard & Schwarz.).
A widely dispersed and very common species in the Pacific
Region, and variable in a greater or less degree in almost all its
characters. For that reason it can not be described very satis-
factorily, nor can hard and fast lines be drawn between it and its
nearer allies signatifrons, peccans and signatus, all of which may be
reached with little or no break along one or another line of varia-
tion. I do not now venture to assert that these supposed species
constitute a single one; it may be so, but in any case it will be
well for the present to use these names for certain typical forms,
whether they be specific or varietal. The relations of these other
forms to melanostictus is made sufficiently clear by the tabular
characters combined with the short comparative descriptions
which follow.
81. Pachybrachys peccans Suffrian
Diagnostic characters nearly as in mdanostictus. As indicated in the table,
the eyes are slightly less distant in this species, being separated in (he male
from one and three-fourths to twi(;e the length of the basal joint of the anten-
nae, while the front claws of the male are as a rule more distinctly enlarged.
H. C. FALL 399
The maculation is here similarly variable but the jMX'vailing tendency is
toward a reduction of the black markings, until in extreme forms all traces of
the elj'tral spots have disai)peared leaving only the rows of blackish brown
punctures. The thoracic shades in these pale exami)les may remain well
marked or may become much reduced in extent and in dei)th of tint, but seem
never to entirely disappear. At the other extreme we find specimens in which
the dark areas are more or less evidently in excess, but these are compara-
tively infrequent and very rarely does the degree of suffusion approach that
seen in the darkest forms of melanostidus. I am imable to discover any dif-
ferences in sculpture which may be depended on to separate these two species.
As is generally true in mottled forms the darker specimens are the moi'e close-
ly punctate ones, so in general it may be said that the punctuation in pecca7is
is sparser than in rnelanostidus, the difference being most noticeable on the
front, and in the baso-sutural triangle of the el>-tra; but precisely the same
differences exist between pale and dark individuals of either species. The
elytral striae are typically a little more impressed in peccans. ^^'hile peccans
varies toward melanostictus in its darker individuals, it approaches so closely
to diversus and abdominalis in some of its paler forms as to make distinction
purely discretional. Diversus in its typical form is a somewhat smaller species,
of a rather brighter yellow color, without markings or with onh- faint rust
colored shades, and east of the one hundredth meridian or thereabouts there
appears to be no difficulty in distinguishing the two species; specimens occur,
however, on the plains from Dakota to Texas which may be assigned to either
with equal propriety.
Only those specimens of peccans with immaculate elytra may be confused
with abdominalis. The latter is as a rule a larger and more robust species with
relatively somewhat finer punctuation and more feebly impressed elytral striae;
for further comparison see remarks under abdominalis.
This species stands as atomarius Melsh. in the LeConte col-
lection, which interpretation has been followed by Bowditch —
at least there are specimens in the material before me so labeled
in Bowditch 's handwriting. That the present species is the true
'peccans of Suffrian is, however, established with certainty by
examination of a type sent me by Professor Taschenberg, whicii
agrees in every way with Suffrian's description.
Peccans is a common and widely diffused species, especially in
the northern part of our territory from the Atlantic to the Rocky
]\Iountains extending south in the western part of its range to
Texas and New Mexico. The following localities are known to
me.
Distribution. — Delaware: type, in Suffrian Coll. New Brunswick : July S
(Mcintosh). Maine: East Machias, July (Fenyes). Massachusetts: Mid-
dle.sex Co. (Blanchard); Chatham, July 14 (Frost), also in Snow Coll.; Ashland,
June 4, sweeping grass, and Framingham, May 23, on Rumex flowers (Frost);
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
400 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
Concord (Wenzel Coll.). New York: Buffalo (Leng and Nat. Mus. Colls.);
"N. Y." and vicinity N. Y. City (Van Dyke Coll.). New Jersey: Anglesea
(Wenzel); July 3 (Liebeck); "Atl H," June 18 (Leng). Florida: Duval Co.
(Leng Coll.). Ontario: Sudbury (Evans); Toronto (Crew?); Scotia Junction
(Wenzel); "Can" (Van Dyke Coll.). Michigan: Isle Royal, July 11; Bache-
wanung Bay, Aug.; Detroit; Marquette, July 3 (all Hubbard & Schwarz);
"iNIich" (Liebeck Coll.) (Dury Coll.). Wisconsin: Bayfield (Wickham); "Wis"
(Linell in N. Mus. Coll.). Minnesota: Duluth (Casey). Indiana: (Liebeck
Coll.) (Van Dyke Coll.). louxi: Iowa City, May 23 and Des Moines, July 4
(Wickham); Council Bluffs, July 23 (Shoemaker — in Wickham Coll.). Mis-
souri: (Nat. Mus. Coll.). Kansas: Medora, May (Knaus); Mt. Hope, June.
Nebraska: McCook (Wickham); West Point (Nat. Mus.); "Neb." (Nat. Mus.)
(Snow Coll.). South Dakota: Volga (Truman). North Dakota: Fargo (H.
Osborn in Nat. Mus. Coll.); Bi,smarck; Devil's Lake, June 6 to 7, and Williston,
June 9 to 10 (Wickham). Manitoba: (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.); Aweme, July 27
(Leng Coll.); Winnipeg (Wickham Coll.). Montana: Helena, July 7 (Mann);
Kalispell, June (Wickham); Assiniboine, Aug. 21 (Hubbard <t Schwarz);
"Mont"' (Nat. Mus.). Wyoming: Laramie, June 2 (Knaus); Big Horn,
July 9 (Soltau in Nat. Mus. Coll.); "Wyo." (Snow Coll.). Colorado: Greeley
(Wickham); Denver, July 7 (Nat. Mus.), May 9 (Sohau in Nat. Mus. Coll.).
Colorado Springs, Aug. 27, (Soltau), June (Wickham) ; Pueblo, May 20 (Soltau) ;
Ft. Collins (Liebeck); Pikes Peak, 9-10,000 ft. (HornColl.); Buena Vista (Wick-
ham— -in Horn Coll.). Texas: El Paso (Fenyes). New Mexico: Santa Fe,
Aug. (Fenyes); Pecos, July 1 (Cockerell); Jemez Springs (Nat. Mus.); Albu-
querque, June 29 (Wickham); Las Vegas Hot Springs, Aug. 2 (Barber &
Schwarz). Utah: Utah Lake, June 20; Wahsatch Mountains, June 29; Ogden,
July 3 (all Hubbard & Schwarz). Oregon: Huntington (Hubbard & Schwarz).
82. Pachybrachys signatifrons jVIannerheim
Diagnostic characters same as in )nelanost ictus, verj' dark examples of which
are not with certainty separable and probably are not distinct from the present
species. According to the original description of Mannerheim, signatifrons
is black, with frontal spots, side margins of thorax, basal and humeral margins
of elytra, and the femora at base flavo-ferruginous. From this typical colora-
tion, variation occurs in both directions; the small yellow marks may become
still further reduced or in part entirely lost, though I have never seen an en-
tirely black specimen. The spots on the head, though variable in extent are
quite persistent, and traces at least of yellow are almost invariably present on
the raised basal edge of the elytra. The prothorax is usually punctured to the
extreme side margin, and when most closely so the yellow margin entirely
disappears. From this condition there is every possible gradation to the
smooth entirely pale side mai-giii in tyi)ical melanostictus. The front claws of
the male are only feebly enlarged in signatifrons, a little more obviously so in
t,yi)ical melanostictus, but the difference is very slight and also gradational,
some specnnens or races of nwhinosticttis differing scarcely at all in this respect
from signatifrons. There ap|)car to l)e no other marks of distinct ion.
H. C. FALL 401
Didribidiou. — Cdlifuruiu: Huniholdt Co., May ami .luiip (Xunenmacher);
Blair's Ranch (H. S. Barber); Dunsinuir (Wickhainj; Sylvania and Los Gatos
(Hubbard & Schwarz); Santa Cruz Mountains (Xat. Mus.); Santa Clara Co.
(Koebelc — Nat. Mus. Coll.); Sonoma Co., Lake Co., Vine Hill, Contra Costa
Co. (Blaisdcll); San Bernardino Mountains, G,400 ft., Aug. (G. R. Pilate); So.
Cal. (Hopping). Mannerheim's tyi)e is recorded from "California" simj)ly.
83. Pachybrachys signatus Bowditcli
Yellow, with l)hi('k or brown markings somewhat variable,
typically with a broad median thoracic stripe, narrowly divided
in front, and with the side arms of the IVI more faint 1\' indicated;
el,ytra with a discal U shaped mark with the arms resting on the
middle of the base and crossing the suture just before the shield;
posterior standard spots fused into a transverse fascia; eyes
separated by fully twice the length of the basal antennal joint in
the male, and by three times the length of this joint in the female,
ocular lines distinct; front claws of male a little enlarged. Ave.
length 2.8 mm. Arizona to western Texas.
The essential characters are, as will be seen, \ii-tually those of melanosticlus;
the maculation, however, is more speciahzcd and the posterior elytral fascia
together with the median thoracic stripe constitute its most peisistent and
typical features. The middle and anterior standard sjjot.s of the elytra arc
frequently faint or wanting, the frontal spots are small and i)ale, that on the
vertex usually well marked. The eyes are a little more ])rominent than in
melanostictus, the front is rather closely jjunctate, the elytral striae are as a
rule a bit more regular, the fifth and sixth less liable to be confused; legs y(>llow
with small and often faint femoral spots; th(> antennae more conii)let(>ly yellow
than in melanosticlus.
Disiribulion. — Arizona: Prescott, tyi)e; Tucson, May 6 (Hubbard &
Schwarz); Phoenix (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.); "Ari" (Nat. Mus. Coll.). Ulah:
Mill Creek, June 16 and Am. Fork, June 24 (Hubbard & Schwarz). Xcw
Mexico: (Snow Coll.). Texas: Davis Mountains, July 8 (Wenzel).
Signatus is closely related to nielanosdctus and most of the
distinguishing characters mentioned above are really of little
weight. It is exactly intermediate between melanostictus and
livens, antl a])])ears to be (piite as close to tlie latter, with which
it nearly agrees in the slightly prominent eyes and general form
and sculpture. In livens the middle thoracic stripe is rarely
divided in fr(_)iit by a ])ale line, the lateral thoracic shades are
almost or quite wanting, the elytra are immaculate and the front
claws of the male are only just ])erceptil)ly larger than the others.
Specimens of /nelanostictus with the rear elytral spots suffused
TUAXS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI,
402 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
into a transverse fascia and with the other elytral spots faint or
obsolete, resemble signatus quite strongly, and, in the material
before me, a Stockton, Utah, example bears the name signatus
in Bowditch's handwriting. Most of the examples of this form
are from the arid regions of the Great Basin, and there is little
doubt that the Provo, Utah, specimens provisionally referred
to signatus by Bowditch belong here. These are separable from
the true signatus by their paler whitish yellow color, and in pos-
sessing the somewhat less prominent eyes and a little larger
anterior male claws, as in other 7nelanostictus. Bowditch de-
scribes signatus as shining; some specimens are somewhat so,
but all show a very distinct alutaceous sculpture throughout.
84. Pachybrachys postfasciatus new species
Dull yellow, scarcely at all shining, thickly and for the most
part confusedly l^rown punctate, the elytra with some more or
less fragmentary striae, not or feebly impressed towards the
rear and sides; standard spots very diffuse, the posterior ones
coalescing to form a more or less distinct fascia on the elytra)
declivity; eyes distant, ocular lines present but sometimes verj^
faint or subobsolete; front claws of male evidently enlarged.
Ave. length 2.7 mm. Texas, Kansas, Arizona.
Head closely punctate above the antennal insertion, sparsely so in front,
markings very vague and diffuse; eyes separated in the male by two to two and
one-fourth times the length of the basal antennal joint, and in the female by
about three times the length of the basal joint. Antennae moderate, dull
yellow, basal joint in part, and outer joints more or less brownish; tenth about
two and one-fourth times as long as wide in the male; in the female the an-
tennae do not pass the middle of the body, the tenth joint relatively slightly
shorter.
Proihorax moderately transverse, not much narrowed in front, especially. in
the male, sides broadly arcuate, slightly rounded in at the base; pimctuation
rather close but somewhat uneven, sparse along the side margins, markings
very diffuse.
Elytra confusedly and thickly jninctate in a broad baso-sutural triangle,
exterior to this the punctures are less close and show a tendency to form short
and imperfect or irregular striae; submarginal stria usually much confused in
the female, but better defined in the male; marginal interspace punctured;
shield small, often scarcely detectable.
Pi/f/idiuni. brown with small yellow sjiots. Body beneath brown, last ven-
tral segment with or without a lateral pale spot. Femora yellow with broad
brown rings, tibiae brown.
Length 2.5 to 2.9 mm.; widtli 1.35 to 1.7 mm.
H. C. FALL 403
Distribution. — Texas: Two males and five fcinalfs arc before me from the
Leng, National ]\Iuseum and Am. Ent. Soe. Collections. KfiK.'^as: Douglas
Co. (Snow). Arizona: Ash Fork (Barber & Schwarz).
The Texas examples, including the type ( 9 ), are without
indication of specific localit}'. The Kansas specimens are more
elongate than in the typical form, the eyes in the male a little
more distant and the elytral fascia obsolete or faint. In the
single Arizona male the form and obsolete elytral fascia are almost
exactly as in the Kansas one, but the e,yes are not more distant
than in the type form; these variations are probably not specific,
at least the}^ need to be supported by more specimens before they
can be so considered.
85. Pachybrachys vacillatus new species
Dull yellow, maculate with black, punctuation rather dense
and in great part confused on the elytra; front without distinct
ocular lines, these detectable but very close to the eyes; front claws
of male distinctly enlarged. Ave. length 3.2 mm. California
to Colorado.
Head not wider than the thoracic apex, spots small, sui'face, except in the
spots, sparsely punctate; eyes separated in the male by a distance which is
t3'pically equal to the width of their upper lobes or about one and one-half
times the length of the basal antennal joint, in the female by fully twice the
length of the basal joint; antennae slender, blackish in outer half, three-fourths
the length of the body in the male, tenth joint three times as long as wide.
Prothorax moderate in size, widest at about the basal third, distinctly nar-
rowed in front, sides strongly rounded at point of maximum width, and
broadly arcuate, nearlj- straight or feebly sinuate (in type) anteriorly, rounded
in at base; punctuation uneven, moderately close in the IM, which varies from
moderate to broad, elsewhere sparse, lateral margins more or less smooth.
Elytra distinctly wider and rather more than twice as long as the prothorax,
punctuation broadly diffused on the disk, striae feebly or scarcelj' impressed
and as a rule more or less completely confused excejJt the seventh and eighth
and short apical remnants of some of the others, the third and fourth sometimes
more or less defined; marginal interspace punctate at least in basal half in
male, and throughout its length in the female, in which sex the two outer series
of punctures are less distinct than in the male; shield wanting or at most
feebly indicated. Maculation variable; the standard spots may l)e all i)resent
and distinct or they maj' be broadly diffused and confluent; quite as often the
anterior one of the inner series is lacking and the midtlle one is small and joined
to the posterior one; the middle outer spot is sometimes obsolete.
Pligidiinn black with th<> usual pal(> spots confluent at ajiex. Hotly beneath
TR.\NS. .\M. KXT. SOC. XLI.
404 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
black, last ventral segment more or less pale. Legs pale with the usual dark
spots or rings on the thighs and dark shades on the tibiae.
Length 2.85 to 3.6 mm.; width 1.65 to 1.9 mm.
Distribution.— California: Giant Forest, July 7, type cf , collected and given
me by F.S.Daggett; SouthForkof Kings River, Fresno Co. 5,000 ft., July4 (Van
Dyke); Lake Tahoc, July 11 (Hubbard & Schwarz) ; Eldorado Co. (Van Dyke.).
Utah: (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.). Colorado: Buena Vista (Wickham); Garland,
June 25 (Hubbard & Schwarz).
This species seems to be more than usually variable; scarcely
any detail is constant, and an accurate description of any indi-
vidual will almost surely fail in some respect when applied to
another. This is especially notable in the series from Lake Tahoe,
yet there can be scarcely a doubt that they are specifically
identical. The width of the front between the eyes is exception-
ally inconstant, varying from about one and one-third to fully
one and three-fourths times the length of the basal antennal
joint, this latter variable in size also. The punctuation of the
elytra is as a rule quite diffuse or irregular but in one or two speci-
mens the serial arrangement of punctures is much more evident.
On the whole the species is strikingly suggestive of meJanostictus,
but this latter has distinct ocular lines, small front claws in the
male, and as a rule the eyes are more distant and the elytral
punctuation less diffuse.
86. Pachybrachys badius new species
Head and prothorax reddish brown, the elytra darker; pro-
thorax with side margin, narrow median anterior line and two
basal spots yellow, these discal marks sometimes indistinct;
elytra with more or less of the raised basal margin, some small
anterior spots, the shield and a larger post median lateral spot
bright yellow. Eyes (cf ) a little more distant than the vertical
width of their upper lobes; front without ocular lines; front
claws of male distinctly enlarged. Ave. length 3.2 mm. South-
ern California.
Head not wider than the thoracic apex, front rather densely and coarsely
nearly evenly punctate, median line somewhat strongly impressed toward the
vertex, markings broadly suffusfnl. Eyes separated in the male by about
one and three-fourths, and in ihv female by about two and three-fourths times
the length of the basal antennal joint. Antennae very thin, about four-fiftlis
as long as the body in the male, the tenth joint nearly four times as long as
wide; in the female scarcely two-thirds the length of the botly, the tenth joint
barelv three times ns long as wide.
H. C. FALL 405
Prothorax widest and with sides rather strongly rounded at basal fourth in
the male, less rounded in the female, moderately narrowed in front, pimetua-
tion coarse, dense, sparser on the median hne anteriorly, yellow side margins
nearly smooth; the markings diffused nearly uniforndy over the entire disk
leaving only the side margins and the frequently indistinct anterior median line
and basal spots yellow.
Elytra quite densely pimctate, confusedly so in liaso-sutural region, striae
one and two not very distinct, three and four distinct and with the interval
between them a little prominent throughout; five and six completely confused
except posteriorly, seven and eight more impressefl, the latter, at least, entire;
shield prominent, bright yellow; marginal interspace more or less punctate in
basal half or two-thirds; standard spots largely suffused, the two posterior
marginal ones, however, separated by u conspicuous yellow spot.
Pygidium brown with oblique ai)ical yellow spots.
Body beneath brownish fuscous, ventral apex sometimes paler.
Legs reddish yellow, tips of thighs paler.
Length 3 to 3.4 mm.; width 1.6 to L95 mm.
DiHtrihniion. — California: Los Angeles Co., cf type (Xixn Dyke); Pasadena,
May 29: Mountains near Claremont (Baker); ^It. Pinos, Ventura Co., Jime 12
(Grinnell); Los Angeles Co. (Coquillett in Xat. Mus. Coll.); "Cal" (Am. Ent.
Soc. Coll.).
S7. Pachybrachys quadratus new species
Whitisli yellow mottled with black; prothorax rather ."^mall,
scarcely narrower at apex than base, .sides broadly arcuate,
widest behind the niidtUe, ])ut not or very little wider than the
head, which is obviously wider than the thorax at apex; front
without ocular lines; front claws of male distinctly enlarged.
Ave. length 2.75 mm. Southern California.
Head hea\ily maculate with black or brownish black, the pale areas si)arsely
punctate; ej'es separated by about one and two-thirds times the length of the
basal antennal joint in the male and by nearly three times the length of the
basal joint in the female. Antennae fully reaching the hind coxae in the male,
about half as long as the body in the female, outer joints more or less dusky or
blackish .
Prothorax moderately transverse, blackish markings variable but generally
broad, densely punctate, the light areas sparsely i)unctate, side margins smooth
or nearly so.
Elytral striae moderately impres.s(>d. distinct laterally and i)<)steriorly, more
or less broken medially in front of the middle, th(> pimctm-es much confused
in the scutellar region; shield small; marginal intei-spaee with a very few punc-
tures anteriorly in the male, the punctures more numerous and extending
through the greater ptut of the lengtli in the female; outer standard spots dis-
tinct, the inner ones smaller and more diffuse.
Pygidium bicolored, the dark area predominating.
Legs pale with blackish spots at middle of femora and tibiae.
TRAN.S. .VM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
406 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
Length 2.25 to 3.2 mm.; width 1.2 to 1.7.
Distribution. — California: The male tj-pe ^'as collected by Mr. Geo. H.
Field at Alpine (foothills back of San Diego) in July; the female type is from
San Diego, May. Other examples before me from San Dimas, Jan. 6; Poway
(Blaisdell) and Catalina Island, July 11, differ in having the yellow of a brighter
tint but are ahnost certainly identical.
88. Pachybrachys mobilis new species
Pale yellow with standard spots variably developed, brown to
fuscous; eyes more distant in the male than the vertical width
of their upper lobes; front without ocular lines; punctuation
rather dense, the elytral striae more or less distinct behind and at
sides, marginal interspace punctate; front claws of male evi-
dently though not strongly enlarged. Ave. length 3.3 mm.
Southern California to Colorado and western Texas.
Head moderately closely punctate, less closely in the paler portions, the
vertex spot large, frontal spot moderate, not very sharply defined. Eyes
separated by nearly twice ( c? ) or nearly three times ( 9 ) the length of the basal
antennal joint. Antennae pale at base, fuscous apically, three-fourths (cf )
or two-thirds ( 9 ) the length of the body, the tenth joint in the male barely
three times as long as wide.
Prothorax widest at basal third or fourth, sides broadly arcuate, nearly
straight and slightly convergent anteriorly, moderately closely somewhat
irregularly punctate, sides smoother; M diffuse and not well defined, reddish
brown and rather lightly marked, the color becoming somewhat more intense
posteriorly, forming three darker ill-defined spots along the basal margin.
Elytra irregularly closely punctured in a rather large baso-sutural triangle,
the striae elsewhere more or less distinct, the fifth and sixth completely con-
fused before the middle, punctures generally denser and the striae less regular
in the female; shield distinct; marginal interspace more or less punctate; outer
standard spots usually distinct but as a rule rather small and a little diffuse;
anterior inner spot diffuse and indistinct, middle one small and ill-defined,
posterior spot better defined, often coalescent with the corres]5onding outer one.
Pygidium t>-pically marked. Body beneath blackish, last ventral more or
less pale. Legs pale, femora and tibiae with dark rings.
Length 2.75 to 3.8 mm.; width 1.4 to 2 mm.
Distribution. — California: San Bernardino Mountains, Aug. 10 (o" type);
Siskiyou Co. (Koebele in Nat. Mus. Coll.). Anzona: Williams, July 3 to 5;
Wahiut, July 22 (Wickham) ; Hot Springs, June 24 to 26, and Oracle, July 5 to 6
(Barber and Schwarz); Nogales, Aug. 12 to Sept. 13 (Nunenmacher) ; Santa
Rita Mountains, May 26 to June 2 (Hubbard & Schwarz). Colorado: Colo-
rado Springs, Aug. 27 (Soltau— Nat. Mus. Coll.). Texas: Chisos Mountains,
July 16 (H. A. Wenzel), one female seems to be identical with the Nogales
form
The somewhat numerous specimens here included exhil)it a
H. C. FALL 407
puzzling amount of variation, but of!"er no constant salient cliar-
acters by which I can separate them specifically, although it is not
unlikely that a nunil)er of distinct though v(n-y closely allied
species are involved. In the t^'^pe the eyes are a little more dis-
tant than the vertical width of their upper lobes, while in a male
from Oracle, Arizona, the distance apart is obviously somewhat
less than the width of the upper lobes, but this distance does not
hold constant in any group of specimens from one locality', the
variation Ijeing sufficient to baffle any attempt at separation on
this basis. The Nogales specimens look somewhat unlike the
San Bernardino ^Mountains type series, the markings are darker,
the sides of the prothorax a bit more strongly rounded, but these
characters are, I think, of little or no consecjuence, nor can I find
any others that are constant. The Williams males are like the
Nogales ones and the sole female is not distinguishable in any
way from the San Bernardino Mountains females. The Santa
Rita Mountains specimens are rather more densely punctate —
as a group — than any other series of specimens before me, but
other examples from one locality or another approach them in
this respect. Mohilis is, on the whole, quite close to quadratus,
but the two species are, I believe, capable of separation by the
tabular characters.
89. Pachybrachys delumbis new species
\'ery closely allied to mobilis; sculpture virtually the same, size a little smaller,
ej'es a little closer, more noticeably so in the female, in which they are sepa-
rated by two and one-fourth to two and one-half times the length of the basal
antennal joint; front claws of male only shghtly larger than the others, and
scarcely more noticeably so than in the female. In the male type the vertex
spot is large, but the frontal spot is narrow and the front is mostly yellow; the
thoracic M is cjuite distinct, attaining the apical third, the thorax predomi-
nantly yellow. Elytral spots rather small, the outer series and the posterior
inner one distinct, two anterior spots of the inner series not defined; marginal
interspace with two punctures just back of the strong sigmoidal dislocation of
the eighth stria, and three more at the anal curve. In a second male the entire
head and upi)er siu'face are yellow with all spots very small and faint, pale
bro^vn in color; legs as in mobilw. In the female the markings are fuscous
throughout , those of the head, prothorax, and inner row of elytral spots broadly
suffused, the head antl thorax ))redominantly fuscous, the elytra with the dark
areas a little in excess; tibiae blackish excci)t at base, femoral rings broad,
leaving the base and apex pale.
Length 2.4 to 3.4 mm.; width l.o.") to 1.7.") mm.
Distribution. — Texas: Davis ^Mountains, July 6 (II. -V. ^\'(■nzel).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
408 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
90. Pachybrachys pluripunctatus new species
Dull dirty yellow, densely punctate, with obscure nebulous
dark brown or fuscous standard spots; eyes separated by the
vertical width of their upper lobes in the male, front without
ocular lines; front claws of male obviously but not very strongly
enlarged. Ave. length 3.5 mm. California.
Head thickly punctate, dirty yellow, with broad vague darker standard
markings; eyes separated in the male by one and three-fourths times the
length of the basal antennal joint or rather more, and by nearly three times
the length of the basal joint in the female. Antennae attaining the hind coxae
in the male, a little shorter in the female, blackish, more or less paler toward
the base, tenth joint scarcely two and one-half times as long as wide.
Proihomx moderately transverse, widest a little in advance of the base,
sides obviously but not strongly convergent in front; punctuation dense,
narrowly sparser along the side margins; M varying from broad and diffuse to
obsolete.
Elytra broadly densely diffusely punctate on the disk, more or less striate
at sides and rear, especially in the male, the female with three feebly prominent
narrow and subentire interspaces included between striae one to two, three to
four and seven to eight, these being also detectable in the male; marginal inter-
space wide, closely punctate throughout; shield distinct but small.
Pygidium blackish with rather small subapical yellow spots. Body be-
neath blackish, last ventral with lateral pale spot. Legs variable from rufo-
testaceous with black spots or bands to almost entirely fuscous.
Length 3.1 to 3.8 mm.; width 1.6 to 1.9 mm.
Distribution.— California: Carmel, Monterey Co., Oct. 29, type 9 (Van
Dyke); San Mateo Co., Aug. (Nat. Mus. Coll.); Santa Cruz Mountains (Nat.
Mus.); Pasadena, Dec. 22, 1 female not quite typical.
91. Pachybrachys bajulus Suffrian
Luteous, alutaceous, not or feebly shining, prothorax trivittate
with black, the vittae not or scarcely connected in front; elytra
narrowly black along the suture and with the lateral bead black,
the standard spots nearly or quite wanting except that on the
shoulder knob ; eyes ( d" ) slightly more widely separated than the
vertical width of their upper lobes; front without ocular lines;
elytral striae fairly regular; front claws a little larger than the
others in the male. Ave. length 2.4 mm. Arizona.
Head not wider than the thorac-ic apex, front sparsely punctate in the pale
areas, more closely but not densely in the dark markings, which are rather
broad. Eyes separated in the male by fully one and three-fourths, and in the
female by rather more than twice the length of the basal antennal joint;
antennae moderate in length, the outer joints liiackish, the tenth scarcely three
times as long as wide.
H. C. FALL 409
Prothorax moderately narrowed in front, sides broadly rounded, slightly
incurved basally, with a short faint sinuation before the hind angles; punctua-
tion uneven, sparse except in the black areas, side margins smooth; M broadly
marked, the middle strijje entire, broader in front and sometimes divided by a
narrow pale line, or enclosing a small elongate i)ale s])t)t, but not as a rule
connected with the lateral stripes.
Elytra irregularly punctate Iniso-suturally. striae lightly inipn ssed and all
more or less distinct, the fifth and sixth confused in front of the middle, the
eighth nearly straight; shield rather small, elongate triangular; narginal
intersj^ace with two or three pvmcturcs sub-basally and sen (tin (s die er two
further back.
Pygidiinii black with the usual yellow spots. liofly beneath black, abdcmen
with the tij) and narrow side margin more or less jiale. Legs pale with
rather broad black femoral rings, the tibiae more or less l)lackish or dusky in
apical half.
LcngtJi 2.2 to 2.6 nun.; width 1.2 to 1.4 mm.
Distribulion. — Arizona: Williams, July 3; also taken here July 20, and a
Flagstaff, Jul}' 5, by Barber A: Schwarz; "Ari" (Horn Coll.).
I have leased my identification of this species on a specimen
from (Jrizaba, Mexico, so identified b}^ Jacoby and kindly sent
me for study by Mr. C. J. Gahan of the British iVIuseum. This
specimen has the thoracic markings less conspicuotisly vitti-
form than in most of our representatives l)ut the difference is
probably of no consequence and I find nothing else to support it.
92. Pachybrachys nobilis new species
\'er3' large, yellow, prothorax rather finely and closely reddisli
l)ro\vn punctate, with small but diffuse rust colored basal spots,
the markings becoming in some examples — notably females —
darker and more extended. Elytra with black standard spots,
those of the inner series often more or less longitudinally con-
fluent; punctuation in great part confused. Antennae very
slender, filiform. Eyes distant; a faint trace of ocular lines very
near the eyes. Pygidium broadly margined in the female: front
claws of male small. Ave. length 5.8 mm. Arizona.
//ead scarcely as wide as i\\v thoracic apex, front moderately pimctate, more
closely in the female, supra-orbital groove rather deep and extending faintly
along the innei- margin; markings variable in development, t!ie front predom-
inantly yellow. ICves separated in the male by twice the length of the basal
antennal joint. :in<i by two and one-fourth times the length of tiie basal joint,
or a little more, in the femak>. Antennae nearly as long as the body in the
male, three-fourths the length of the body in the female, very slender, the joints
nearly filiform, the tenth four or five tunes as long as wide, outer joints dusky,
basal joint dai'ker above.
TR.\NS. AM. E.NT. SOC, XLI.
410 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
Prothorax rather long, sides strongly rounded at basal fourth, incun'ed at
base, straight or nearly so and strongly con\^ergent in front, punctuation close,
narrowly sparse along the side margins, markings usually small and diffuse,
representing the basal portions of the standard 'SI.
Elytra less than two and one-half times as long as the prothorax, punctures
somewhat coarser than on the prothorax, variable in density, for the most
part confused, but with some traces of serial arrangement here and there,
especially toward the sides, these quite unimpressed on the disk, and only
feebly so at sides; one or two more or less complete lateral striae are usually
evident in the male, these being often more or less irregular or double in the
female; marginal interspace punctured toward the base only; shield wanting;
standard spots black, the outer series rather sharply defined, the inner ones
sometimes so, but frecjuently more or less confluent lengthwise and irregularly
disintegrated.
Pygidium blackish with two large rounded narrowly separated subapical
pale spots. In the female the pygidium is flatter than in the male and there
is an entire broad and thin reflexed margin, which is wanting in the latter sex.
Body beneath variable in color, from almost entirety rufo-testaceous to blackish
with the greater part of the last ventral, and the sides and apical half of the
preceding segments, yellow.
Legs yellow, the femora with faint median rufo-testaceous clouds.
Length 5.2 to 6.5 mm.; width 2.5 to 3.2 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Williams, June 30 to July 20 (Barber & Schwarz);
Huachuca Mountains, 9,000 ft., July 5 (Beyer); Palmerlee, July 11 (Wenzel);
Santa Rita Mountains, 5,000 to 8,000 ft., July (Snow).
The type series was taken at Williams. The specimens from
the Huachuca and Santa Rita Mountains average a little larger,
and those from the Huachucas- — females only — have the protho-
racic markings blackish and more complete. This is the largest
species in our fauna. A specimen from the Santa Rita Moun-
tains (Snow Coll.) bears a label "longulus Suffr.?" in'Bowditch's
handwriting. Our species does not fit Suffrian's description in a
number of particulars and I hardly think it possible that the two
are the same. According to the description of longulus the thorax
is short and broad, the elytra more than three times as long as the
latter, and the markings are entirely rust colored. Smaller
specimens of this species resemble somewhat closely some exam-
ples of fuscipes var. purgatvs: for a statement of differences see
remarks under the latter.
93. Pachybrachys fuscipes new species
Dull dirty yellow, pronotum more or less completely suffused
with reddish brown, with the M imperfectly and obscurely repre-
sented by darker brown or fuscous shades; elytra similarly suf-
H. C. FALL 411
fused with reddish brown in some specimens, not appreciabl}'
so in others, the standard spots present, blackish, punctuation
almost entirely diffused; eyes distant, front without ocular lines;
front claws of male not appreciably enlarged. Ave. length 4.5
mm. New Mexico; var. purgatus Arizona.
Head not at all wider than the thoracic apex, front flat, thickU- nearly uni-
formly punctured, the spots diffuse and often ill-defined or subobsolete. Eyes
{&) separated by two and one-half times, or (9) by about three times the
length of the basal antennal joint, which is rather small. Antennae about two-
thirds as long as the body in the female, the tenth joint fully three times as
long as wide.
Prothorax widest and rather stronglj- rounded at about the basal fourth, the
sides nearly straight and rather strongly convergent toward the front, incurved
posteriorly and with a small but distinct sinuation before the hind angles, which
are right or a little acute; disk densely punctate throughout, the side margins
less densely so but not smooth; markings obscure and generallj- evanescent
anteriorly, the basal ends of the AI being best defined.
Elytra thickly diffusely punctured throughout, the submargina! stria alone
evident, and this more or less double or confused; disk with one or two slightly
costiform lines in some females; marginal interspace with numerous punctures
anteriorly and a few behind the middle; shield wanting. The median and
posterior pairs of spots are often subcontiguous, forming two transverse fasciae,
of which the median one is shorter and extends only about half way to the
suture.
Pygidium black, with apical and smaller median marginal dull yellow spots.
Body beneath blackish, the last ventral segment often varied with yellow.
Legs in great part infuscate, the thighs more or less pale at base.
Length 4 to 4.9 mm.; width 2 to 2.6 mm.
Distribution. — N'ew Mexico: Cloudcroft, Jime 11, cf type (Knaus); Beulah
(Beyer); Las Vegas Hot Springs, Aug. 9 (Barber <fe Schwarz).
\'ar. purgatus new variety
Similar in all essentials to the type form but of a generally brighter more
rufo-testaceous color, with the legs concolorous. In some examples the entire
upper surface is rufo-testaceous with only the shoulder knob darker.
This varietal form is based on a series taken b.y Barber and Schwarz at Wil-
laims, Arizona, June 30 to July 20. Two examples from the Huachuca Moim-
tains (Schaeffer) vary in the color of the legs toward the typical fuscipes, but
the legs are still predominant I j' pale.
There is a rather striking resemblance between tliis form and
some specimens of nobilis, which illusion is hcightenetl by the
fact that both species were taken at the same place and on the
same dates by Messrs. Earlier and Schwarz. The ])rcscnt species
is, however, easih^ distinguished from nobilis by its more distant
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
412 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
eyes, less slender antennae, still more confused elytral punctua-
tion, broader front tarsi, normal pygidium and smaller size.
94. Pachybrachys sanrita Bowditch
Of more than average size, prothorax broadly suffused with
reddish brown, elytral markings black or dark brown, predomi-
nant, and usually confluent in such fashion as to leave the apex,
two lateral transverse fasciae (often more or less broken), the
shield, some short basal lines, and scattered small spots near the
suture, yellow. Ej^es (cf) evidently though not greatly more
distant than the vertical width of their upper lobes; ocular lines
wanting; front claws of male not apprecialjly enlarged. Ave.
length 4 mm. Arizona.
//e«rf barely as wide as the thoracic apex, unevenly rather finely punctured,
the darker areas diffuse, reddish brown, sometimes almost obsolete. Eyes
separated in the male by al^out twice and in the female by about three times
the length of the basal antcnnal joint. Antennae yellow, outer joints blackish,
fully three-fourths as long as the body in the male, the tenth joint fully three
times as long as wide; scarcely more than half as long as the body in the female,
the tenth joint less than three times as long as wide.
Prothorax widest at about basal fourth, sides nearly straight and distinctly
convergent anteriorly, rounded in a little at base, with a slight sinuation before
the angles; punctuation somewhat uneven, not very close, side margins nar-
rowly smooth; M broadly suffused, leaving the side margins and front angles
and two more or less obvious basal spots and a narrow median anterior line,
yellow.
Elytral striae cjuite irregular, the second, third and eighth best defined, the
discal ones slightly, the eighth distinctly impressed; second and third inter-
spaces wide behind the middle; the shield distinct, yellow; discal series of
punctures often showing a tendency to become irregularly double; submarginal
stria strongly sinuous, marginal interspace without punctures; outer spots con-
nected with the corresponding inner ones, the latter completely confluent
longitudinally, leaving only the suture and some small adjacent spots, the
basal margin, two or three narrow basal spots, the shield, two larger transverse
lateral spots, and the apex, yellow.
Pygidium brown with apical yellow sjjots. Body bcncnlh lirown, last
ventral partly yellow. Legs rufo-testaceous, the tips of the middle and hind
femora pale yellow.
Length 3.7 to 4.2.5 mm.; width 2 to 2.2.5 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Santa Rita Mountains (Snow); Huachuca Moun-
tains (Schaeffer), (Leng), (Beyer); Palmerlee, Cochise Co., July (Schaeffer),
(Wenzel).
H. C. FALL 413
95. Pachybrachys atomarius Mtlsheimer
Fuscous, speckled with few to many small yellow spots, lustre
dull, punctuation dense, elytral striae defined only toward the
rear and sides, pyoidium entirely l)lack; eyes rather distant,
ocular lines wanting, front claws of male not appreciably enlarged.
Ave. length 2.6 mm. Eastern United States.
Head not wider than the pi'othoracic apex, in llie tyjjical form predominant I}'
yellow and spansely punctured in the male; th<> fuscous s])ots more extended,
the dark areas usually predominating, the punctuation closer in the female.
Eyes (cf ) separated bj^ twice the length of the basal antemial joint or slightly
less, and by about two and three-fourths times the length of the basal joint in
the female. Antennae not esjiecially slender, about three-fourths as long as
the body in the male, yellow, becoming blackish toward the tip, the basal
two or three joints more or less blackish above as usual, tenth joint about two
and one-half or two and three-fourths times as long as wide.
Prothornx moderately narrowed in front, sides broadly arcuate, a little more
strongl}' so behind the middle, surface densely punctate to the extreme margins.
Elytra densely confusedlj' punctate over a large part of the disk, with frag-
ments of striae on the convexity and toward the sides, especially posteriorly;
eighth stria and sometimes the seventh fairly well defined throughout ; mar-
ginal interspace punctate throughout; shield small, con^-ex, yellow, and usually
fairly conspicuous.
Pygidiuin and bodj' beneath entirelj' black. Legs black and yellow, the
colors variable in extent, hind tibiae entirely black, or at most suffusedly yel-
lowish for a short distance at base.
Length 2.2 to 3 mm.; width 1.15 to 1.7 nun.
Distribution. ~Xew York: Staten Island (Leng); ^^■est Hebron, .June 20
(Leng); ]\It. Vernon (Sherman); X. Y. (Xat. Mus. Coll.). Xeir Jersey:
Snake Hill (Liebeck). Pennsylvania: Pocono Lake, July 28 (Wenzelj; "Pa."
(Melsheimer Coll.). West Virginia: White Sulphur Sjirings, July (Fenyes).
N'ortb Carolina: (Leng Coll.). Alabama: Mol)il(> and vicinity, April and May
(Lodiiig); Wadley (Sohau— Xat. Mus. Coll.). Florida: Key West (Leng).
Kentucky: (Soltau — X'at. Mus. Coll.). Ohio: Cincinnati (Dury); Ohio (Hub-
bard & Schwarz). Michigan: Detroit (Hubbard A: Schwarz). Indiana:
Indianapolis, July 14. Illinois: "X'. 111."; Bloomington, Jime S (Wickham).
Iowa: Iowa City, May 19 to 23, Tiffin, June 5; Chariton (all in Wickham Coll.).
Arkansas: Little Rock (^^'ickham). Missouri: St. Louis (Knaus); Sahna
(Knaus); "Mo" (Xat. Mus.). Kansas: McPherson (Knaus); Douglas Co.
(Snow); "Kan" (X'at. Mus.). Xehraska: Lincoln (\\'ickham); "Xeb." (Snow).
Manitoba: Winnipeg (Wickham Coll.).
As indicated in the diagnosis, this s])ecies varies greatly in its
mottling. At one extreme the black or fuscous surface is only
relieved by a few small scattered yellow flecks, which may rarely
be entirel>' lacking on the head and i)rothorax; at the other
TRANS. A.M. i;.\T. SOC, XLI.
414 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
extreme the yellow is strongly predominant, the darker mottling
being mainly due to the very numerous and irregularly disposed
dark punctures, which on the prothorax are then usually aggre-
gated so as to show vague traces of standard spots. In general
the females are darker than the males. The front legs are often
in great part yellow, the thighs with a long black spot above;
the middle and hind thighs may be described as yellow broadly
banded with black, or black with base and tip yellow. The front
and middle tibiae are usually in part yellow, the hind tibiae are
typically dark throughout, but are slightly yellow at base in some
examples. Occasionally in very dark examples the legs are almost
entirely black; there appears always, however, to be a small yellow
spot at tip of middle and hind thighs, and usually on the front
face of the anterior thighs. In the large series before me, which
I have assigned to this species, I note a little variation in the width
of the front between the eyes, these being slightly but distinctly
less distant in a series from Mobile, Ala., this, however, is not
correlated with any other characters that I can discover. The
front claws of the male are not appreciably enlarged, that is to
say — they are on careful comparison only very slightly larger
than those of the middle and hind feet. Some trifling variation
in the size of the front claws is discernible in the series at hand
but it does not appear to me to be significant.
Great uncertainty has prevailed up to this time as to the iden-
tity of the true atomarius of Melsheimer, and about all the small
mottled species of the Atlantic Coast region appear under this
name in the various collections which I have examined. Halde-
man, who wrote but a few years after Melsheimer, assumed the
species to be the same as femoratus Oliv. and so placed it, with a
query; he then proceeds to describe the real atomarius as his own
infaustus. Suffrian probably had authentic specimens of both
atomarius and infaustus, for while he gives descriptions of both,
he expresses doubts as to the distinctess of the latter. LeConte,
strangely enough, was entirely off in his interpretation, using
the name atomarius for the peccans of Suffrian. Recently, Bow-
ditch has followed LeConte, and redescribcs some of the paler
western specimens of atomarius as his atomus.
A critical study of material from the Melsheimer collection,
now contained in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cam-
bridge, enables me to fix with almost absolute certainty the
H. C. FALL 415
identity of this species, and shows that the infaustus of Halde-
man is completely sj'nonymous.
Several species in the vicinity of ato/narius are easily confused
with it, and the following additional tabular statement is offered
as a further guide to the student. Although .stygicus is tabulated
with the black species it is really closeh' allied to atomarius, and
is therefore included here.
Eyes not at all prominent, prothorax rather shorter and less narrowed in front,
the sides if produced passing tangent to the eyes or scarcely intersecting them;
basal joint of antennae more or less pale beneath, at least in the cf : pyKidiiim
without pale spots atomarius
Eyes a little prominent — most noticeably so in cephalicus, the j^rothorax
slightly longer and more narrowed in front, the sides if produced intersecting
the ej-es; basal antennal joint black or piceous with at most the tip only nubi-
lously paler.
Antennae more slender, the tenth joint in the cf three to four times as long
as wide; pygidium with subapical yellow spots more or less developed.
Tenth antennal joint of cf about three times as long as wide, eyes less
prominent, sides and apex of elytra more distinctly striate . . . obfuscatus
Tenth antennal joint of cf nearly or quite four times as long as wide,
eyes more prominent, elji^ral punctuation more broadly confused, hind
tibiae pale in apical half (more or less) cephalicus
Antennae less slender, the tenth joint in the cf about two and one-half
times as long as wide, and in the 9 but little more than twice as long as
wide; hind tibiae entirely black or piceous, pygidium without spots (rarely
obscurely indicated in vestigialis) .
Elytral punctuation very dense and confused almost throughout, even
the lateral striae in great part broken up; cokjr varying from entirely
black to thickly speckled with yellow vestigialis
Elj1:ral punctures less dense, several striae — usually three, four, seven and
eight — well defined and entire or subentire; color entirely black or with a
few very small scattered 3'ellow flecks on the elytra^ stygicus
9G. Pachybrachys vestigialis new species
\'er\- close to, and possibly not distinct from atomarius. It varies in color
from ahnost entirely black (typical) to the usual confusedly mottled form so
frecjuent in atomarius. In the type the head has two small obscure yellow
spots on the vertex, two or three others very small and barely discernible on
the prothorax, and on the elytra a few small brighter yellow spots along the
base and in an irregular transverse line behind the middle, of which the bright
yellow dot-like shield is the most conspicuous; middle and hind thighs with a
small yellow apical si)Ot. In another example the shield is dimly visible, the
other pale spots nearly or quite obliterated, the head, ])rothorax and legs en-
tirely black. The basal joint of the antennae is entirely black, second joint
= Rarely with the yellow sjiots more numerous.
TR.\XS. .\M. EXT. SOC, XLI.
41(3 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
bi-dwnish, following joints yellow, the outer three or four infuscate. Eyes a
little more distant than in atomnrius, being separated in the male by a httle
more than twice the length of the basal antennal joint. Punctuation of upper
surface very dense throughout, and even more broadly confused than in
atomariiis, with few indications of strial arrangement, chiefly along the sides,
antl these scarcely at all impressed.
The slightly more distant eyes, which are a trifle more promi-
nent, entirely black basal joint of the antennae, and rather dense
more completely confused elytral punctuation will, I think, enable
the student to separate this from atomarius.
Distribution.— Kansas: Medora, June 10, type c^ (Knaus); Clearwater.
Nebraska: Sand Hills (Nat. Mus. Coll.). Oklahoma: So. McAlester, June 11
(Wickham). Texas: Columbus, May 16 and July 8 (Hubbard & Schwarz);
San Diego, May 24 to 26 (Hubbard & Schwarz) ; Dallas (Wickham) ; Macdona,
July 29; Flatonia, July 30 and Seabrook, Aug. 9 (Wenzel). Mississippi:
Vicksburg, May 27 (Soltau— Nat. Mus. Coll.).
97. Pachybrachys obfuscatus new species
Again very nearly identical with atomarius, distinguishable only as follows.
The front, which in the male of atomarius is yellow with a linear or narrowly
triangular median dark spot, is here predominantly fuscous and more closely
punctate; the eyes are a little less distant than in atomarius being separated
by about one and three-fourths times the length of the basal antennal joint,
or slightly more; the front claws of the male are a little larger than in atomarius,
and the pygidium is maculate with dull yellow — entirely l)lack in atouiarius
so far as I have observed.
Distribution. — North Carolma: Black ?klountains, June (^'an Dyke), type
cf . Georgia : Clayton, 2,000 to 3,700 ft. (Leng) . New York : Several examples
without definite locality are associated provisionally. They agree remarkably
well except that in one example the eyes are as widely separated as in atomarius.
It may be very difficult to separate specimens of this species
from dark colored examples of roboris, but the latter nearly always
has brown or rust colored markings — especially in the females —
and if a series of this latter species is present there is likely to be
no difficulty in separating them; the two species are, however, very
closely allied.
98. Pachybrachys stygicus new species
Robust, black, with or without a few very small yellow flecks
on the elytra, rarely with numerous small \ellow spots on both
thorax and elytra; lustre dull, punctuation rather dense; eyes
distant, front without ocular lines; froUt claws of male not appre-
ciably enlarged. Ave. length 2.85 nun. Georgia; Florida;
Alabama.
H. C. FALL 417
Head scarceh' ^yidcr than the thoracic apex, but with the sides of the thorax
if produced forward, intersecting the e3'es; front nioderatelj- punctate; ej-es
separated in the male by twice the length of the basal antennal joint or slightly
more, and by about two and three-fourths times the length of the basal joint
in the female. Antennae rather short, black, brownish yellow toward the
l>ase, the basal joint black, second joint rufo-piceous, tenth about two and one-
half times as long as wide in the male, and but little more than twice as long
as wide in the female.
Prothorax moderately transverse*, rather strongly arcuately narrowed in
front, surface closely, moderately coarsely, somewhat unevenly punctate, with
scattered small shghtly elevated smooth areas; lateral margins not smoother.
Elijtm rather densely punctate, punctures but little larger than those of the
jirothorax, broadly confused on the disk, serially or subscrially arranged at the
rear and sides, striae three, four, seven and eight usually traceable more or less
completely, lateral interspace punctate; shield small but distinctly elevated,
black or j-ellow.
Pygidium, body beneath, and legs black.
Length 2.75 to 3 mm.; width 1.6 to 1.8 mm.
Distribution. — Florida: Enterprise, type d", Jacksonxille (Xat. Mus. Coll.)
(\'an Duzee — Wickham Coll.); Sanfordville (\Mckham Coll.); Ormond and
Atlantic Beach CNlrs. Slosson — Liebeck Coll.); Key West (Leng Coll.).
Georgia: (Leng Coll.) (Morrison — in Snow Coll.). Alabama: Langdale, Cham-
bers Co. (H. H. Smith— Xat. Mus. Coll.j; '"Ala" (Leng Coll.).
This species has been confused with carbonarius in a number of
collections, but may be easily distinguished by the coarser, less
even prothoracic punctuation, \vhich is but little finer than that
of the elytra. It is really more closely allied to ato))2an'us and
vestigialis, black examples of the latter being strikingly similar
and separable only by their denser more comi^letely confused
elytral punctuation. \'ery dark feebly maculate specimens of
atoDxiriii.s are much like those examples of stijgicus that are not
totally l)lack. but they may be separated by careful attention to
the characters as tabulated in the remarks under (itoniartus.
99. Paehybrachys lachrymosus new species
Black, strongly alutaccous and dull, front willi faint obscure
rufo-testaceous marks between the eyes in the male, in which sex
the apical margin of the prothorax, and basal margin of the elytra
in part, are very narrowly of the same color; eyes separated in the
male Ijy twice, and in the female by three times the length of the
basal antennal joint; front without ocular lines, elytra with only
the submarginal stria entire, front claws of male not aii]irecial)ly
larger than the others. Ave. length 2.9 mm. Arizona.
TK.\NS. AM. EXT. SOC, .XLI.
418 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
Head not appreciably wider than the thoracic apex, but the eyes are some-
what prominent and intersected by the sides of the prothorax if produced.
The front may be regarded as dull rufo-testaceous with heavy black standard
markings, but the paler areas are small and very obscure. Antennae moder-
ate, attaining the hind coxae in the male, black, brownish rufous toward the
base, tenth joint scarcely three times as long as wide.
Prothorax moderately transverse, widest at about the basal fourth, sides
moderately arcuately convergent in front, surface densely, a little unevenly,
punctate, with small scattered more convex smooth areas; sides in the male
with a narrow, smooth, dull, rufo-testaceous or rufo-piceous margin; in the sin-
gle female associated, without smooth margin, the punctures dense to the ex-
treme edge.
Elytral punctuation scarcely coarser on the average than that of the pro-
thorax, in great part irregular, the eighth stria entire and distinctly impressed,
the seventh traceable, the others feebly impressed, represented only in a frag-
mentary way and most noticeable on the convexity; shield indistinct or want-
ing; marginal interspace with a few punctures at base only in the male, punc-
tured throughout in the female. In the male the raised basal margin is in
part rufous and there is a very obscure apical spot in one example.
Body beneath and legs black or piceous, the ends of the femora gradually
more or less rufo-piceous.
Length 2.8 to 3 mm.; width 1.6 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.), 2 males, 1 female.
The female is the smallest of the three examples and is entirely
black. This species is in most respects very like stygicus, but is
a little shorter and stouter in form, with the elytral striae more
evident and the sides of the thorax scarcely at all smoother in the
male. The form and color is greatly like that in certain specimens
of signatifrons; the latter, however, is distinctly shining, the elyt-
ral striae much better defined and the front claws of the male a
little larger.
100. Pachybrachys cephalicus new species
Robust, fuscous and dull yellow mottled, the former color
predominant on head and prothorax, the latter (typically) on the
elytra; lustre dull; punctuation dense and largely confused; ej^es
more prominent than the front angles of the prothorax, moder-
ately widely separated, ocular lines wanting; front claws of male
not appreciably enlarged. Ave. length 3.1 nini. (uilf ami Atlan-
tic Coast States.
ffc/iil closely punctate, maculation heavy, eyes separated by about twice the
length i)f the basal antennal joint in th(^ mak', and by about two and three-
fourtlis times the length of lh(^ bas;il joint in tlic female. Antennae thin,
H. C. FALL 419
about four-fifths as long as the bodj^ in the male, the tenth joint fully four
times as long as wide, basal joint entirely blackish, outer joints infuscate.
Prolhorax only moderately transverse, sides broadly arcuately convergent
from the base or very near it, punctuation dense, sides not smoother; surface
predominantly fuscous, mottled with dull yellow, the usual two basal and
anterior median spots most conspicuous.
Elytra only about one-eighth longer than wide, dull yellow with l)lackish
brown punctures for the most part, confusedly tlisjwsed on the disk but tend-
ing to form irregular or sinuous lines toward the sides and apex, the two outer
striae fairly continuous and entire; strial lines feebly impressed, marginal
interspace punctate, shield small but convex and distinct ; marginal series of
standard spots feebly indicated, discal ones scarcely so, l)ut witli a tendency
to some fuscous suffusion along the suture.
Pygidimn black with two oval yellow spots and between these and the side
margin and contiguous to the latter a small yellow tlot. Body beneath black-
ish, last ventral with a lateral yellow spot. Front thighs yellow with base
and upper surface blackish, front tibiae largely yellow; middle thighs yellow
in outer half, the tibiae pale in basal half.
Length 2.9 to 3.25 mm.; width 1.6 to 1.8 mm.
Distribution. — Alabama: Mobile, June (Loding), tyi)e o". Georgia: (Lie-
beck Coll.). Mississippi: Agricultural College, July (Weed). Louisiana:
Opelousas (Wenzel); Cameron, Aug. 19 (Dury).
The specimens aggregated under the name cephalicus are seen
on closer inspection to involve several more or less distinct types,
two of which, for the piu'poses of a more discriminating cabinet
arrangement, may with advantage be given varietal names. It
is possible that one or lioth of these may be distinct from the
larger typical form, but until a more extensive material shall have
become available for study I prefer to give them only varietal
standing.
\'ar. dixianus new varietj^
Smaller than the typical form — 2.5 to 2.8 mm. — the e\-es slightly less prom-
inent, the elytral maculation relatively a little coarser, the pale yellow and
blackish spots prettily contrasting, the shield relatively larger, the marginal
interspace more sparsely punctate or even subimpunctate in posterior half.
Distribution. — The types (cf and 9) were taken at Tumbling Ciap in
Northern Alabama by Mr. Loding. A si)ecimen from Meridian, Miss. (8ol-
tau in Nat. Mus. Coll.), and another from "Barlow" (Miss.?) are closely
similar.
V'ar. parvus new variety
Still smaller than dixianus — 2.2 to 2.6 mm. — Eyes — as in dixianus — a
trifle k'ss prominent than in typical cephalicus, the elytral shield smaller rela-
tively than in typical cephalicus, and \ery distinctly smaller than in di.rianus;
cjuite similar to the typical form in the broadly confused punctuation, the
TRANS. .\M. ENT. SOC, XLI.
420 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
marginal interspace numerously punctate and the striae irregular or frag-
mental and lightly impressed; prothoracic markings less broadly suffused, the
general color lighter in tone, eyes a little closer, especially noticeable in the
female, in which they are separated by only twice the length of the basal
antennal joint or slightly more.
Distribution. — New York: The type is a male from Mr. Leng's Collection
and was taken in the vicinity of New York City. Other examples from Mr.
Leng bear the label "L. I." (Long Island). Massachusetts: Framingham, Aug.
4, 1907 (Frost). New Jersey: (Leng Coll.); Anglesea (Van Dyke Coll.).
Maryland: Plummer's Island, Aug. 2, a female collected by Schwarz. Georgia:
Tybee Island, July 2 (Wenzel). Alahayna: Wadley (H. H. Smith— Nat. Mus.
Coll.).
10 L Pachybrachys roboris new species
Yellow, with close set reddish brown or rust colored punctures
and standard spots, the latter diffuse and variable in develop-
ment, and in some examples — more especially males — becoming
dark brown or fuscous in shade; eyes moderately distant, front
without ocular lines; front claws of male slightly larger than the
others. Ave. length 2.8 mm. Eastern half of United States.
Head closely punctate, spots rather broad, eyes slightly prominent, separated
by from one and three-fifths to one and seven-eighths times the length of the
basal antennal joint in the male, and from two and two-thirds to three times the
length of the basal joint in the female. Antennae about three-fourths as long
as the body in the male, barely half the length of the body in the female, the
basal joint dark above, the outer joints infuscate, tenth in the male scarcely
three times as long as wide.
Prothorax widest well in advance of the base, the sides at this point rather
strongly rounded or subinflated in the male, less strongly so in the female; the
M broadly diffuse, leaving the usual pale areas more or less nebulously defined,
the punctuation in the latter a little less dense and somewhat uneven, leaving
small scattered slightly convex yellow spots; side margins not smoother, or
only narrowly and incompletely so.
Elytra densely confusedly punctate with fragments of striae toward the sides
and rear, the lateral striae more or less distinct, and often — especially in the
female — with one or two slightly prominent discal costae defined by punctures;
marginal interspace punctate, more closely and confusedly so in the female;
shield small, irregularly rotundate, yellow; standard spots vaguely indicated
on the disk, the three marginal ones fairly distinct.
Pygidium brown with two oval yellow subapical, and a smaller lateral spot ,
the latter sometimes obscure or lacking. Body beneath brown, last ventral
segment in great part yellow. Front legs brown and yellow, typically marketl,
but variable in proportion of colors; middle and hind thighs brown with extrem-
ities pale, the corresponding tibiae brown and usually only feebly and indefi-
nitely paler at base, but occasionally with the basal third distinctly yellow.
Length 2.4 to 3.2 mm.; width 1.3 to 1.8 mm.
II. C. FALL 421
Dislrihulion. — Massachusetts: Maiden, July 15 (Frost) type d'; Lowell
(Blanchard). New For^-; Buffalo; "N.Y." (various collections). New Jersey:
(Leng), (\'an Dyke Coll.). District of Columbia: Washington (Hubbard &
Schwarz); D. C. (Leng Coll.). Maryland :'PhxmmQv's Island (Nat. Mus. Coll.);
Jackson's Island, June 22 (Barber— Nat. Mus. Coll.); "Md" (Liebeck). Vir-
ginia: Pennington Gap, July 8, and Afton (Hubbard & Schvvarz). North
Carolina: Black Mountains; June (Van Dyke); Raleigh, early ,]\i\y (Sherman).
Alabama: Mobile, May 25 to June 1 (Loding); Tumbling Gap, June 3 to 8
(Loding); Oak Grove (Soltau — Nat. Mus.). Florida: Jacksonville (.\shmead —
Nat. Mus. Coll.). Ohio: Cincinnati (Dury). Illinois: Quincy, Juno 14;
Algonquin (Nason); So. HI. (Soltau). Missouri: "C. Mo" (Nat. Mus. Coll.).
Arkansas: Little Rock (Wickham). Mississsippi: "S. ]VIiss" (Soltau); Meri-
dian, July 12 (Soltau). Kansas: Salina (Knaus); Douglas Co. (Dyche — Snow
Coll.) Kans. (Snow). Nebraska: Plattsmouth (Shimek). Oklahoma: Atoka,
June 13 to 15 (Wickham). Texas: Columbus, June to Aug. (Hubbard &
Schwarz); San Diego, May 30 (Schwarz); Flatonia, July 30 (Wenzel); Green
Valley, Chisos Mountains, Brewster County, July 14 (Wenzel); Cypress Mills,
April to July (Leng); Brownsville, Aug. (Beyer); "Tex" (various collections).
This, as indicated by the localities, is a widespread and com-
mon species and exhibits a good deal of variation. The general
aspect is ferruginous in the female owing to the dense diffuse
punctuation and lack of definite markings. In the male the
colors are more contrasting, the punctuation a little less dense,
with more obvious striae. The width of the front between the
eyes is less constant than usual, and in a male example from Jack-
sonville, Florida, the eyes are distinctly closer than the vertical
width of their upper lobes, but in a .second male from the same
place the eyes are nearly normally distant. It should be noted
that in these two males the front claws are a little larger than
is usual in the species, but I do not think this of much weight in
view of the obvious tendency in the long series at hand to vary
in these respects.
That so common a species as this, and one so generally dis-
persed throughout the Atlantic Region should as yet have received
no name is almost incredible, and I have persistently refrained
from giving it one until there seems to be no other course to ])ursue.
There is, to be sure, no lack of names applied to the species in
various collections, and in the National Museum Collection alone
it appears under no less than five — viz. itjfauslKs, aiotnariuK,femo-
ralus, pectoralis and covforniis. In 1h(^ Horn Collection it goes as
sobrinus, while more recently Bowditch has identified it as spu-
tnarius. This last name has seemed to be the most likely one,
TR.\NS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
422 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
and it should be stated that Bowditch based his opinion on a
Suffrian type {&) sent him for study. Through the courtesy of
Mr. Bowditch I was permitted to examine this type, but it did not
seem to me to be identical with the present species, which con-
clusion is confirmed by a recent study of a female type of spu-
marius sent me by Dr. Taschenberg. Further remarks on this
matter will l^e found under spumarius.
102. Pachybrachys spumarius Suffrian
From a female specimen — supposedly a type or cotype — from
the Suffrian collection, I have drawn up the following description.
Form very robust, similar in general facies to roboris but stouter than any
example in a rather long series of the latter species now before me; general
color dull yellow with dark brown punctures and rather diffuse markings.
Head thickly punctate, front flat, markings heavy; eyes separated by twice
the length of the basal antennal joint. Antennae fuscous, paler toward the
base, half the length of the body, the tenth joint very slightly more than twice
as long as wide.
Prothorax short, strongly transverse, sides somewhat strongly rounded
posteriorly, widest at about basal third, punctuation rather fine and dense,
with small scattered smoother spaces, the side margins distinctly smoother,
standard markings broad, brownish fuscous in color.
Elijira densely confusedly punctate as far back as the shield and nearly to
the sides, the declivity deeply striate, the seventh stria scarcely impressed
basally and not very well marked, the eighth stria distinctly impressed through-
out and with a strong basal sigmoid sinuation; marginal interspace punctate,
the punetures becoming more widely spaced and in a single series posteriorly;
shield distinct, small, subtriangular, yellow; standard spots not well defined,
the outer basal spot on the shoulder knob distinct, the middle outer spot nearly
wanting, posterior spots confluent into a rather narrow, not very conspicuous,
transverse fascia at the beginning of the declivity; inner basal spots suffused
into a broad indefinite discal cloud.
Pygidium in great part yellow. Body beneath brownish, abdominal apex
yellow. Legs yellow with brownish clouds on the femora and tibiae. Front
claws slightly larger than those of the four posterior feet.
Length 3.25 mm.; width 1.95 mm.
This specimen bears the number "30490" l)ut no locality
label. Suffrian however gives the locality "Carolina" for certain
of his specimens, while others from (or in) the Chevrolat Collec-
tion are without other locality than North America.
I am unable among the thousands of specimens at hand to
match this Suffrian female, nor can I find a male that is a reason-
ably sure mate for it. I am however placing provisionally as
spumarius a male from Tumbling Gap, Ala., .sent me by Air.
H. C. FALL 423
Loding, that I had set aside as seemingly different from rohoris
though closely allied. In it the eyes are a little closer than in
typical rohoris, the prothoracic punctures do not cjuite reach the
side margins, leaving a narrow smooth marginal line, and the
elytral striae are more deeply impressed posteriorly than in
rohoris. These differences all characterize the Suffrian speci-
men, the smoother side margin of the prothorax being however
considerably wider than in the Tumbling Gap male. In the fe-
male of rohoris the prothorax is densely punctate to the extreme
margin, and the lateral marginal interspace of the elytra is wider
and more denseh' punctate throughout, and the eyes are sepa-
rated by from two and three-fourths to three times the length
of the basal antennal joint; a combination of characters which
readily separates it from the Suffrian spumarius.
At this point it is necessary to state a fact which may perhaps
complicate the situation considerably. Six years ago, among
other Suffrian types sent to Mr. Bowditch for examination, was a
male of spumarius, concerning which, after a brief inspection, I
made the following comparative notes. "Seems nearly inter-
mediate between rarians and rohoris. The prothorax is less
strongly rounded at sides than in rohoris, but is nearly as in
varians: the thoracic markings are as in varians, the spots a little
larger however, but not so diffuse as in rohoris; the elytra are also
intermediate in sculpture, the marginal interspace well defined
and with punctures nearly throughout, but so narrow that there
is room only for a single series of punctures; elytral spots small
and rather more diffuse than in varians, but less diffuse than in
rohoris, except the anterior discal one, which is diffuse and shades
into the suture nearly as in rohoris: posterior spot of discal series
lacking. Eyes separated by one and one-half or one and three-
fifths times the length of the basal antennal joint; front claws
missing."
This sketch — in which of course the name rohoris is now sup-
plied, the species being then known by a number ("82") — is
not entirely in harmony with the Suffrian female above described,
and while the differences may be individual, there is a distinct
possibility that the}' represent different species.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
424 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (COLEOPTERA)
103. Pachybrachys relictus new species
Yellow, with moderate to broad, often more or less confluent
fuscous standard markings; eyes moderately distant; antennae
nearly as long as the body in the male; front without ocular lines;
front claws not enlarged in the male. Ave. length 2.9 mm. New
York to Tennessee.
Head not appreciably wider than the thoracic apex, rather closely punctate
and broadly maculate, the dark areas predominating. Eyes separated by
about one and three-fifths (cf ) or two ( 9 ) times the length of the basal anten-
nal joint, their distance apart evidently greater than the vertical width of their
upper lobes. Antennae (cf ) nearly attaining the elytral apex, the tenth joint
nearly four times as long as wide, yellow, with the outer joints and the upper
surface of the basal two joints fuscous.
Prothorax moderately transverse, sides moderately arcuately narrowed from
just before the base, M usually heavily marked leaving two basal spots, an
anterior median one, the side margins and front angles, pale; punctuation
moderately coarse and close, a little uneven as usual.
Elytral disk with confused punctures in the baso-sutural region, striae dis-
tinctly impressed, especially at sides and rear, where they are well defined,
becoming more or less irregular or broken at middle of disk; submarginal stria
with strong subhumeral dislocation; marginal interval not punctured; shield
small, yellow; standard spots usually broad, sometimes isolated, but often
with the discal series tending to suffusion in the sutural region, and often
confluent with the corresponding marginal spots so as to leave the apex and
two broken transverse fasciae yellow.
Pygidium fuscous, with the usual apical yellow spots, which vary much in
size and may or may not be confluent with each other and with the two small
spots at the middle of the outer margins; entirely dark in one female. Body
beneath blackish, a yellow spot at side of last ventral segment. Legs black and
yellow, the base and apex of middle and hind thighs, and the base of the tibiae
pale yellow.
Length 2.75 to 3 mm.; width 1.5 to 1.6 mm.
Distribution. — Massachusetts: Framingham, Aug. 4 (Frost) type cf ; Lowell
(Blanchard); Concord (Wenzel Coll.). New York: (Leng). New Jersey:
(Liebeck). Pennsylvania: (Liebeck); Lime Rock (Wickham Coll.); Lehigh
Gap, July 12 (Van Dyke Coll.). Maryland: Plummer's Island, Aug. 11 (Mc-
Atee). Ontario: Toronto (Blaisdell Coll.); Scotia Junction, July 27 (Wenzel).
Ohio: (Hubbard & Schwarz). Illinois: (Horn Coll.). Kentucky: Louisville
(Soltau). Tennessee: Nashville (Soltau). Colorado: One female — Am. Ent.
Hoc. Coll. — possibly goes here.
This species is rather widely dispersed in the northeastern
United States and by good rights should possess a name given
by one of the older authors, but after careful investigation I am
forced to believe it as yet undescribed. Notwithstanding its
wide dispersion it seems to be rather scarce, or at least only
H. C. FALL 425
locally common. The late Mr. Blanchartl took it in numbers
near Lowell, Massachusetts, as has Mr. Frost at South Framing-
ham, but the Leng and Liebeck Collections contain only two
examples each, while in the Horn Collection there is only a single
specimen, and other large collections are not much better off.
In the Blanchard Collection it passed nsfemoratus, and one exam-
ple at least in the National Museum Collection is included under
atomariiis.
104. Pachybrachys caroiinensis Bowditch
Size and general facies of varians but with elytra almost regu-
larly striate; yellow, scarcely shining, with black standard mark-
ings throughout, variable in extent but clearly outlined; eyes dis-
tant in both sexes, frontal lines wanting, front claws of males not
enlarged. Ave. length 2.7 mm. North Carolina; Maryland?
Head not wider than the thoracic apex, frontal and V'ertex spots rather heavy
and closely punctate, the pale areas sparsely punctured. Eyes separated by
nearly twice (cf) or by three or shghtly less times ( 9 ) the length of the basal
antennal joint. Antennae reaching the middle of the abdomen in the male,
the tenth joint not much more than twice as long as wide.
Prothorax moderately transverse, sides nearly straight and convergent from
the basal fourth, feebly sinuate behind; punctuation uneven, thick in the dark
areas, elsewhere sparse, M moderate to broad, more or less irregular but sharply
outlined .
Elytra nearly regularly striate except in a small scutellar area, the striae well
impressed; shield distinct, marginal interspace impunctate, striae black; stand-
ard spots well defined, usually not large, but sometimes more or less confluent.
Pygidium black and yellow. Body beneath black, with the abdominal apex
yellow. Legs yellow with black rings on the thighs, and blackish shades on
the apical half of the tibiae.
Length 2.5 to 2.8 mm.; width 1.3 to 1.5 mm.
Distributions. — A'orlh Carolina: Southern Pines, June (Manee).
Two females from Maryland in the Nat. Mus. Coll. arc placed
here provisionally. They agree well in general appearance and
in their nearly regular elytral striae, but the eyes are less distant
than in the typical form.
105. Pachybrachys luctuosus Suffrian
Small, black or piceous, prothorax with side margins and some
small discal spots in the usual positions and elytra with a few
small lateral spots, yellow; elytral striae deep and quite regular,
punctuation confused only in the scutellar region, marginal inter-
space impunctate; eyes separated by one and one-half times the
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
426 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
length of the basal antennal joint in the male; ocular lines want-
ing; legs spotted, front claws of male not appreciably larger.
Length 2 mm. Georgia.
The above short sketch is from a male example loaned to Mr.
Bowditch by the Halle Museum and is doubtless a genuine type
or cotype. The specimen is very small, not over 2 mm. long,
although Suffrian's measurements show that other examples of
the type series are larger. I have never seen an exact counter-
part of the type, but a small series of specimens in the National
Museum Collection agrees in all essentials and in general appear-
ance with the above diagnosis, except that in the single male the
' small yellow spots are larger on the prothorax, and are more
numerous and not confined to the sides on the elytra; the eyes
also are more distant than my original sketch indicates, but it is
possible that I underestimated their distance apart in the
Suffrian type. In the females before me the pale spots are fewer
or nearly absent on the disk, nearly as in the type. The pale
sides of the prothorax are sparsely punctured or nearly smooth,
the pale pygidial spots are small or wanting.
This species is closely related to carolinensis, and I would not
be surprised if the latter were only a paler form of Suffrian's
species. For the present it may perhaps be separated l\y the
color and the possibly slightly closer eyes.
Distribution. — Georgia: type. North Carolina .■ Asheville. A nearly typical
example sent me by Colonel Casey. Virginia: Pennington Gap, July 21 (Hub-
bard & Schwarz). Maryland: Plummer's Island, June 28 to Aug. 15, "On
Pinus" (E. A. Schwarz). District of Columbia: (Hubbard & Schwarz).
106. Pachybrachys varians Bowditch
Robust, of medium size, predominantly yellow as a rule, the
standard spots black, variably developed, lustre dull; eyes rather
distant, more widely separated in the male than the vertical
width of their upper lobes; front without ocular lines; elytral
striae impressed, shield conspicuous; front claws of male small.
Ave. length 2.75 mm. Gulf States.
Head a Httle wider than the thoracic apex, moderately strongly and closely
punctate in the dark areas, which are generally heavily marked. Eyes (cf )
separated by about one and three-fourths times the length of the basal antennal
joint, and in the female by two to two and one-half times the length of the
H. C. FALL 427
basal joint. Antennae attaining the middle of the abdomen (cf), outer
joints blackish, the tenth rather less than three times as long as wide.
Prothorax widest at about basal fourth or fifth, sides convergent and nenrly
straight anteriorly, subparallel and lightly sinuate before the hind angles;
punctuation rather coarse and close but somewhat uneven, the M sharply
outlined though somewhat irregular and variable in development, side margins
smoother.
Eli/tra irregularly but not densely punctate baso-sutui-ally, striae moderately
to cjuite strongly impressed, two to four often entire, seven to eight always so,
five to six much broken before the middle, eight with a strong sigmoidal dis-
location behind the humerus, marginal interspace without, or with but one or
two punctures; standard spots all present, usually rather small and distinctly
separated.
Pygidium with larger obhque confluent yellow apical spots, or yellow with
base darker; abdomen black with sides spotted with j'ellow. Legs j-ellow,
femora and tibiae with blackish spots or rings, varying from broad to nearly
wanting.
Length 2.3 to 3.2 mm.; width 1.2i5 to 1.75 mm.
Dislrihulion. — Louisiana: Opelousas, May, type (Bowditch Coll.), (G. R.
Pilate in Nat. Mus. Coll.). Alabama: Spring Hill, near Mobile, Sept. 12 (Lod-
ing). Mississippi: Agricultural College, July (H. E. Weed — Am. Ent. Soc.
Coll.). Georgia: (J.B.Smith— Nat. Mus. Coll.). Florida: (Linell) ; Tampa, Mar.
31 to April 4; Crescent City, Sumter Co., May (all Hubbard & Schwarz Coll.);
Jacksonville (Ashmead); "Fla, Jan. 30" (Lugger— Nat. Mus. Coll.); Key
West (Leng Coll.); St. Petersburg, April 28 (Van Duzee— Wickham Coll.).
Texas: Seabrook, Aug. 6 (Wenzel).
107. Pachybrachys conformis Suffrian
Yellow, not .'^hining, markings of head and thorax broad and
sharply defined, fuscous or black, elytra with the suture and
small standard spots black; eyes in the male separated by just
perceptibly more than the vertical width of their upper lobes,
ocular lines wanting, front claws of male not appreciably larger.
Ave. length 2.4 mm. Florida.
//(Y/r/slightljMvider than the thoracic apex, stronglj' bvit unevenly punctate,
markings heavy; eyes separated in the male by one and two-thirds to one and
three-fourths times the length of the basal antennal joint, in the female by
about two and one-fourth times the length of the basal joint. Antennae
three-fourths as long as the body in the male, dull yellow basally, black in
more than outer half, tenth joint nearly three times as long as wide.
Prothorax widest at about basal fourth, sides moderately con\'ergent and
nearlj' straight in front, a slight sinuation before the hind angles, surface
sti'ongly, rather densely punctate, side margins smooth; markings in the form
of three vittae, the middle one widest, dilated or fusiform anteriorly, not
dividetl or abbreviated in front; the lateral vittae usually not entire and more
or less disintegrated anteriorly.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
428 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
Elytra confusedly punctate along the suture and in a narrow basal triangle,
stria generally traceable and somewhat impressed, four to six more or less
confused anteriorly; marginal interspace rather narrow, impunctate, except
about the subbasal dislocation of the eighth stria; shield distinct but not large;
spots small, sharply limited, those of the outer series marginal, the posterior
spot transverse but not confluent with the corresponding inner one; anterior
and middle spots of the inner series often elongate, the posterior one confluent
with the dark sutural stripe.
Pygidium yellow, with base and median cuspiform stripe fuscous. Body
beneath brown or fuscous, sides and apex of venter more or less pale. Legs
yellow, the middle and hind thighs whitish yellow in outer two-thirds, brownish
at base; tibiae with brownish rings or shades in apical third.
Length 2.1 to 2.7 mm.; width 1.1 to 1.4 mm.
Distribution.— Florida: Tampa, March and April (Hubbard and Schwarz);
Enterprise (Griffith), (Schacffer).
Suffrian gives no more definite locality than the "Eastern Region."
I have used for this species the name borne by a specimen in
the LeConte Collection. Judging from description it seems
likely to be the real thing, but of this I am not sure. It is very
closely allied to varians, which is perhaps no more than a varietal
form of the present species.
108. Pachybrachys osceola new species
Yellow with brown punctures and standard spots, head very
unevenly punctate, eyes separated in the males by a distance only
slightly greater than the vertical width of their upper lobes;
front without ocular lines; elytra! striae deep, front claws of
male not enlarged. Ave. length 2.5 mm. Florida.
Head closely rather coarsely punctate in the brown vertex spot and impressed
median line, otherwise sparsely so. Eyes separated in the male by very
slightly less, and in the female by a little more, than twice the length of the
basal antennal joint. Antennae yellow, outer joints in part brown, three-
fourths as long as the body in the male, tenth joint barely three times as long
as wide.
Frothorax widest a little in front of the base, sides moderately rounded at
this point, moderately convergent and feebly arcuate or nearly straight an-
teriorly; punctures sparse in the pale areas, dense in the RI, which in the male
type is rather small and broken, in the female sonKnvhat l)roadly suffused;
side margins nearly free from punctures.
Elytra irregularly punctate in a small baso-sutural triangle, the striae quite
deeply impressed and entire, except five and six, which are confused before the
middle, eight strongly sinuous and with a subbasal interruption; marginal
interspace impunctate, shield rather large, subtriangular; standard spots
fairly distinct.
H. C. FALL 429
Pygidiuni brown with yellow apical spots. Body beneath brown, last ven-
tral yellow except at middle. Legs yellow with small rather faint brown
femoral and tibial spots or clouds.
Length 2.3 to 2.7 mm.; width 1.2 to 1.4 mm.
Distribution. — Florida: Enterprise, June 11 (Hubbard ct Schwarz). A
single pair (type cf ) in the National Museum Collection.
Near varians, but distinct by the rather less robust form, brown
instead of black markings, rather more coarsely and much more
unevenly punctate head, and deeper elytral striae.
109. Pachybrachys quadri-oculatus new species
vSmall, stout, head and ])rothorax rufo-testaceous, elytra pale
yellow, each with a small humeral and subapical spot black;
eyes in the male separated by a distance subequal to the vertical
width of their upper lobes, front without ocular lines; front claws
(cf ) not enlarged. Length 2.4 mm. Georgia.
Hmd moderately closely, coarsely, subevenly punctate, uniformly dark
rufo-testaceous. Eyes slightly prominent, separated by one and one-half
times the length of the basal antennal joint. Antennae moderate.
Prothorax rather long, sides broadly arcuately convergent in front from a
point shghtly in advance of the base; punctuation coarse and close, not con-
sjiicuously uneven in distribution, side margins narrowly smoother, standard
marks feebly vaguely indicated by small slighth' darker shades.
Elytra scarcely one-tenth longer than wide, about three-fourths longer than
the prothorax, punctuation sinuously confused in a rather small baso-sutural
triangle, striae more or less sinuous but continuous and entire except five and
six, which are confused at middle, eight with a strong sigmoid dislocation near
the base; marginal interspace impunctate; shield large and conspicuous, shghtly
more convex; standard markings represented by only the basal and apical
spots of the outer series, these small and black.
Pygidiuni in great part yellow. Body beneath brownish, last ventral in
great part pale. Legs rufo-testaceous, the apical parts of the middle and hind
thighs and the basal parts of the corresponding tibiae pale.
Length 2.4 mm.; width 1.35 mm.
Distribution. — Georgia. The unique tj'pe is a male sent by
Mr. Liebeck, who kindly allows me to retain it. It is of course
quite impossible to say whether the peculiar limited maculation
will hold constant in a series, hence there is some risk that the
name given may not prove characteristic of the species as a whole.
It seems most nearly related to varians, but cannot, I think, be a
form of that variable species, in which the e3'es are a little more
distant and the form notably less stout in the same se.x (cf ), the
elytra being here about one-fourth longer than wide. I have
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XI.I.
430 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
never seen an example of varians in which the standard marks
were not completely represented, though very inconstant in
extent, the general tendency in variation being toward an ampli-
fication and fusing of the markings rather than a reduction.
The general aspect is also very much like that of a small lodingi,
but if this latter should ever occur with the spots of quadri-
oculatus it may at once be distinguished by the much more dis-
tant eyes.
110. Pachybrachys fractus new species
Yellow, black punctate, and with the standard markings more
or less developed on the prothorax, very small or wanting on the
elytra, except the humeral spot; eyes separated by twice the
length of the basal antennal joint in the male, front without
ocular lines, front claws of male not enlarged. Ave. length 2.7
mm. Texas.
Head sparsely punctate in the yellow areas, densely so in the rather broad
and sharply defined black markings; antennae moderate, barely attaining the
hind coxae in the male, outer joints blackish, tenth three times as long as
wide (cf).
Prothorax widest at or near the basal third, sides moderately rounded pos-
teriorly, a little convergent in front; unevenly punctate; standard marks vari-
ably developed, the M quite distinct in the type, attaining only the apical third,
the lateral vittae not closely connected with the furcate median one.
Elytra confusedly punctate baso-suturally, the striae as a rule irregular or
fragmentary, not or but slightly impressed, eighth stria fairly distinct and
one or two of the discal ones more or less so; marginal interspace sparsely
punctate; shield small, not conspicuous.
Pygidium black with rather large apical yellow spots. Body beneath black,
last ventral yellow at sides. Legs mostly yellow, the front thighs with a large
black spot on the upper side, middle and hind thighs and all the tibiae with very
small black spot.
Length 2.7 mm.; width 1.4 mm.
Distribution. — Texas. The type is a male from the Liebeck
Collection which I am kindly permitted to retain. A second
male in the Nat. Mus. Coll. seems identical, whik^ a female in
the same collection is doubtfully referred. All bear the label
"Tex." simply.
111. Pachybrachys truncatus Bowditch
Rolnist, i)ale yellow, mottled with dark brown; i)rothorax
scarcely narrowed in front, ocular lines wanting, front claws of
male only slightly enlarged. Ave. length 2.9 mm. Arizona.
H. C. FALL 431
Head a trifle wider than the thoracic apex, front rather sparsely punctured
the vertex spot large, median spot moderate, sharply defined, triangular.
Eyes separated by about one and three-fourths times the length of the basal
antennal joint or by a distance subequal to the width of their upper lobes in
the male; in the female by two and one-half times the length of the basal joint
of the antennae. Antennae passing the hind coxae in the male, shorter in the
female, outer joints darker as usual.
Prolhorax transversely quadrate, scarcely or but just visibly narrowed in
front, punctuation uneven, M moderately well defined, consisting of three
basal and two median spots narrowly connected, side margins smooth.
Elytra short, less than twice as long as the prothorax in the male, striae two
three and sometimes four entire, five and six much broken except posteriorly,
seven and eight well defined, the latter strongly sinuous and with the usual
subbasal dislocation; shield moderate, triangular; marginal interspace with at
most two or three punctures at the middle; standard spots more or less distinct,
generally rather small and irregular.
Pygidium blackish at base, the yellow spots broadly confluent. Body be-
neath fuscous, sides and apex of abdomen pale. Legs pale with faint median
clouds on the femora and tibiae.
Length 2.65 to 3.15 mm.; width 1.4 to 1.65 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Prescott and Santa Rita Mountains (Bowditch)"
Carr Canon, Huachuca Mountains, Aug. (Skinner — Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.).
Specimens from the Santa Rita Mountains, collected by Snow, one bearing
the name truncatus in Bowditch's handwi'iting are before me. These are a
httle less shining than the Prescott type (which I have seen) but seem other-
wise identical. In the type the head is barely visibly minutely alutaceous, the
prothorax and elytra polished. In the Santa Rita examples the entire surface
is very minutely alutaceous, but somewhat shining.
112. Pachybraehys precarius now sp( cirs
Pale yellow with sli:ir])ly defined fuscous inarkiugs, the elytral
spots small; front without ocular lines; lateral interspace of
elytra inipunctate; front claws of male not appreciably enlarged.
Ave. length 2..5 nnn. Arizona; New Mexico?; Texas.
Head not wider than the thoracic apex, front moderately punctate, .spots
sharply defined, of medium size. Eyes separated in the male by a distance
which is subequal to the length of the first two antennal joints, and barely as
great as the vertical width of their upper lobes. Antennae j)ale Ijasally, outer
joints blackish, rather more than three-fourths the length of the body in the
male.
Prothorax moderately ti'ansversc, widest at about basal third, a little con-
tracted at base, the sides moderatc^lj^ arcuately convergent in front; punctua-
tion close in the darker areas, elsewhere somewhat sparse; side margins smooth,
M moderate in extent, (juite sharply defined.
Elytra slightly shining but not polished, confusedly but not densely i)unc-
tured ia the scutel'ar region; striae two to three and seven to eight entire, four
TR.\.\S. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
432 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
to six more or less broken or confused at middle; shield small; standard spots
small.
Pygidium^ dark brown and yellow, the latter color predominating. Body
beneath fuscous with tip of abdomen pale. Legs pale, with small median
brownish femoral and tibial spots or shades.
Length 2.5 to 2.6 mm.; width 1.35 to 1.4 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Santa Rita Mountains, type, male (Snow); Chiri-
cahua Mountains, July 1 (Hubbard & Schwarz); Williams, July 1 (Barber &
Schwarz); "Ari" (Morrison— Nat. Mus. Coll.), (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.); Miller
Cafion, Huachuca Mountains, July 10 to 21 (Wenzel); Oak Creek Canon, one
male. Snow Coll., doubtfully referred. New Mexico: Socorro, Aug. 1894
(Snow), one male doubtfully referred; Near Las Vegas Hot Springs (Snow), one
male doubtfully referred. Texas: Chisos Mountains, July 16 (Wenzel).
In a second male from the type locality and evidently specifi-
cally identical with the type, the eyes are perceptibly more dis-
tant, being separated by slightly more than the vertical width of
their upper lobes. It is because of this variation that I have
placed here the doubtfully referred specimens above mentioned.
In all of these the eyes are nearly as in the second Santa Rita
male. In the Socorro and Oak Creek examples the elytral
markings are more heavy than in the type, while in the Las
Vegas Hot Springs one they are almost wanting. These doubtful
specimens vary from the type in the direction of nogalicus, of
which I have a very homogeneous series collected at Nogales,
Arizona, by Mr. Nunenmacher. These latter differ by the eyes
being still a little more widely separated, the markings heavier
than in typical precarius, the sides of the prothorax a httle more
strongly rounded, and the point of maximum width seems in
most specimens to be farther from the base. The two species are
certainly closely allied and further collecting may fill the gap
between them.
11.3. Pachybrachys nogalicus new species
Pale yellow with rather sharply defined black markings; pro-
thoracic M broad, elytral spots small to moderate; eyes rather
distant, front without ocular lines, front claws of male not en-
larged. Ave. length 2.7 mm. Arizona.
Head as wide as the thoracic ape.x, front closely punctate, markings broad.
Eyes {&) separated by twice the length of the basal antermal joint or slightly
more, in the female by about three times the length of the basal joint, .\nton-
nae about three-fourths as long as the body in the male, outer joints blackish.
H. C. FALL 433
Prothorax moderately transverse, not much narrowed in front, sides rather
strongly rounded, widest but Uttle behind the middle, M heavily marked,
extending from base to apex, punctuation close in the darker areas, elsewhere
sparse, sides smoother.
Elytral punctuation confused in scutellar region, striate at sides and rear,
striae five to six more or less confused medially, shield small and inconsi)icuous,
marginal interspace without punctures, standard spots all evident as a rule,
the anterior one of the inner series sometimes obsolete.
Pygidium black with the typical yellow spots. Body beneath, except ab-
dominal apex, blackish. Femora blackish brown in basal two-thirds, a little
paler at extreme base, yellow in apical one-third; tibiae pale, with more or less
evident median darker shade.
Length 2.35 to 3 mm.; width 1.3 to 1.6 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Xogales, Aug. and Sept. (Xunenmacher), type,
male; Williams, June 30 to July 28 (Barber & Schwarz); July 19 (Wickham).
This species is closely allied to precarms, which see for a state-
ment of differences.
114. Paehybrachys croftus Bowditch
Black and 3'ellow, variegated, the black prone to predominate;
integuments usually minutel}^ alutaceous but with the elytra at
least somewhat shining, sometimes strongly so; frontal marks
heavy, thoracic M broad, leaving two elongate basal spots, a
narrow side margin, sometimes broader in front, and usually a
narrow median anterior line, yellow; elytral spots sometimes fairly
distinct, but usually — especially the inner series — much suf-
fused, those at the rear transversely confluent. Eyes rather
widely separated, front without ocular lines, front claws of male
scarcely larger than the others. Ave. length 3 mm. Colorado
to Arizona.
Head densely punctate except in the usually small pale areas. Ej-es sepa-
rated by one and two-thu'ds to one and three-fourths times the length of the
basal joint of the antennae in the male, and by twice the length of the basal
joint or slightly more in the female. Antennae fully three-fourths the length
of the body in the male, the tenth joint three times as long as wide, outer joints
blackish as usual.
ProtJiorax widest and broadly subangulate at about the basal two-fifths,
moderately narrowed in front, feebly sinuate before the basal angles, densely
pimctate, side margins narrowly smooth, black markings always heavy.
Elytra broadly confusedly punctate in baso-sutural triangle, striae variable,
moderately impressed, the two outer ones entire, the others evident on the
rear convexity and often with one or two at the middle of the disk fairly well
defined throughout; marginal interspace impunctate behind the middle; shield
wanting.
TRAXS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
434 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
Pygidium entirely black or with two small elongate apical yellow spots.
Body beneath black, the last ventral sometimes in part yeUow. Legs yellow
with broad black femoral rings and with the tibiae more or less blackish beyond
the middle.
Length 2.75 to 3.4 mm.; width 1.45 to 1.85 mm.
Distribution. — New Mexico: Cloudcroft (type), specimens before me from
type locality collected by Wickham, Knaus and Viereck — June and July;
Beulah, Aug. 17 (Skinner in Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.); Las Vegas Hot Springs,
Aug. 2 (Barber & Schwarz), (Snow). Colorado: (Liebeck Coll.); Colorado
Springs (Wickham); "Col" (J. B. Smith— Nat. Mus. Coll.), (Snow); Pike's
Peak, 7,000-10,000 feet (Wickham), two female examples doubtfully referred.
Arizona: Bright Angel, July 10 (Barber & Schwarz).
This species is very similar to and cannot be separated super-
ficially from melanostictus, but attention to the ocular lines, and
front claws of the male, will enable the student to distinguish
them without difficulty.
115. Paehybrachys sonorensis Jacoby
Dull yellow, prothorax suffused with a darker rufous tint,
alutaceous and opaque, thickly brown to blackish punctate, the
standard spots as a rule more or less evident throughout, rather
small and not much confluent on the elytra, rarely completely
suffused and almost entirely black. Eyes separated by nearly
twice the length of the basal antenna! joint in the male, and by
fully three times the length of this joint in the female; front
without ocular lines; elytra confusedly punctured almost through-
out; front claws of male only very slighth' larger than the others.
Ave. length 3.6 mm. Arizona to western Texas.
Head rather finely unevenly punctate, frontal and vertex spots moderate to
heavy. Antennae two-thirds as long as the body in the male, with the tenth
joint about three times as long as wide; scarcely more than one-half the length
of the body in the female, the tenth joint not much more than twice as long as
wide, the basal joint unusually small in both sexes.
Prothorax rather strongly transverse, widest at about basal two-fifths in the
male or basal one-fourth in the female, sides nearly straight and moderately
convergent in front, sinuate before the hind angles, the punctuation rather
fine, close in the dark areas, side margins smooth, thoracic M moderate to
heavy, more commonly not attaining the front margin.
Elytra confusedly punctured, the eighth stria alone entire, the seventh some-
times traceable in part, punctures of the eighth stria often moi-e or less double
or irregvdar, the lateral interspace with some punctures basally ; shield wanting.
Pygidium black, with two obliciue apical yellow spots. Body beneath
black, last ventral with or without yellow sj)ots. Legs rufo-testaceous, fc^mora
with black rings, tibiae with blackish diffuse shades.
Length 3.2 to 4 mm.; width 1.(55 to 2.2 mm.
H. C. FALL 435
Distribution. — Arizona: Santa Rita Mountains, 5,000-8,000 feet, Jul}-
(Snow); June 18 (Hubbard & Schwarz); Huachuca Mountains, July 1 to 17
(Wenzel), July (Beyer); Chiricahua Mountains, May 10, June 8 (Hubbard &
Schwarz); Ft. Grant, July 19 (Hubbard & Schwarz); WilUams, Flagstaff and
Bright Angel, July 1 to 20 (Barber & Schwarz) ; Oak Creek Canon, 6,000 feet
(Snow); Pinal Mountains (Wickham). New Mexico: Cloudcroft, two
females, one with broadly suffused markings, the other almost entirel}- black.
Texas: Green Valley, Chisos Mountains, Brewster County, July 1.5 (\\"enzel).
This species is larger than its immediate relatives, and rather
easily separable by its almost completely confused punctuation
without trace of impressed striae except the lateral one. There
are in most examples short, slightly raised elytral costae extending
back from the basal margin.
110. Pachybrachys varicolor Suffrian
Size large, integuments polished; yellow, thickly irrorate with
pale brown to black, punctures confusedly distributed almost
throughout, maculation varying from almost wanting, through
well defined standard spots, to black variegated with small yel-
low .spots and with the margins narrowly yellow; legs yellow;
front without ocular lines; front claws of male not appreciably
larger. Ave. length 4.25 mm. Colorado to Arizona.
Head not at all wider than the thoracic apex, yellow with moderate to heavy
brown to black standard marks. Eyes separated by one and three-fifths to
one and three-fourths times the length of the basal antennal joint in the male,
and by about twice the length of the basal joint in the female. Antennae rather
long and thin in both se.xes, blackish at base and tip, tenth joint three and one-
haff times as long as wide in the male, the joints more nearly filiform in the
female, the tenth in consequence nearly four times as long as wide.
Prothorax moderately narrowed in front, sides more strongly rounded pos-
teriorly, slightly incurved at base, punctuation uneven, rather fine, not close,
sparser along side margins; M rather diffuse, variable from light to heavy.
Elytra confusedly punctured, with short fragments of unimpressed striae
mainly on the convexity, the submarginal stria more or less irregular but
entire, the marginal interspace wide and more or less jmnctate; submarginal
interspace narrower and often a Uttle more convex; shield wanting; markings
varying from obsolete to heavy, the standard spots sometimes distinct, but
more often ill defined or intricately confluent.
Pygidium black, maculate with yellow, more rarely the great part yellow.
Body beneath varying from almost completely yellow to black with the
terminal ventral segment yellow at apex. In intermediate forms all the ventral
segments are yellow in apical half. Legs j^ellow, terminal joints of tarsi dusky.
Length 3.5 to 5 mm.; width 1.9 to 2.75 mm.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
436 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
Distribution. — Colorado: Veta Pass; Glenwood Springs, July (Fenyes);
Leadville 10,000-11,000 feet, July 7 to 14; Salida, July 6 (Wickham); Grand
Lake (type of laevicollis Bowditch in Bowditch Coll.); "Col" (Leng Coll.).
New Mexico: Cloudcroft, 9,000 feet, Aug. (Knaus); Las Vegas Range, 11,000
feet (Cockerell); Las Vegas Hot Springs, July and Aug. (Snow Coll.), Aug. 2
(Nat. Mus. Coll.); Beulah (Beyer Coll.), (Van Dyke CoU.). Arizona: Wil-
liams, July (Barber & Schwarz); Huachuca Mountains, 9,000 feet, July 20
(Schaeffer).
The large size, polished surface, generally confused punctuation
and yellow legs make this species easily recognizable, although an
unusually variable one as regards maculation. This species is
undoubtedly the renidens of LeConte, but a specimen from
Mexico (Ciudad Durango) which is quite surely identical with
my most heavily marked example of renidens (Las Vegas Range,
N. Mex.) is labeled varicolor Suffr. by Bowditch, doubtless on
the authority of Jacoby, who had seen a Suffrian type. More
recently, similar specimens, determined by Jacoby, have been
sent me directly from the British Museum by Mr. Gahan.
In our specimens the legs are pretty uniformly j^ellow but in
some Mexican specimens the femora are ringed with blackish —
as is stated in Suffrian's description of the species.
Laevicollis Bowd. is nearly typical renidens Lee. and therefore
varicolor Suffr.
117. Pachybrachys lustrans LeConte
Black, variegated with bright yellow, the black color usually
predominant, integuments polished; eyes separated by fully
twice the length of the basal antennal joint in the male; ocular
lines wanting, front with more or less evident transverse impres-
sion near the upper limit of the eyes; front claws of male not
enlarged. Ave. length 4 mm. California.
Head black with small yellow marks, moderately punctate; eyes separated in
the male by slightly more than twice the length of the basal antennal joint as
a rule, in the female by about three times the length of the basal joint. An-
tennae thin, in the male fully three-fourths and in the female about two-
thirds the length of the body, black, more or less rufous toward the base,
especially beneath; tenth joint two and one-half times as long as wide.
Prolhorux strongly transverse, especially in the female, feebly to moderately
narrowed in front, slightly contracted at base; pimctuation rather fine, not
very close, side margins nearly smooth. The color may be described as yellow
with heavily marked M, or black with the front margin very narrowly, side
margin more widely, median line anteriorly and two small basal spots, yellow.
H. C. FALL 437
Elylrn broadly ponfusedh- punctured in a large baso-.sutural triangle, the
punctures arranged posteriorly in short more or less irn^gular scarcely impressed
lines, the submarginal stria impressed, leaving the two lateral interspaces more
convex; marginal interspace not punctured except about the subhumeral
interruption of the eighth stria; shield wanting or small and inconspicuous.
The color may be described as yellow with the black standard spots broad,
those of the inner series more or less broadly and completeh^ confluent longi-
tudinally, the basal margin, tiji, two more or less disintegrated lateral spots
and numerous small discal spots, yellow.
Pygidium and body beneath entirely black. Femora black and y(>llow,
tibiae and tarsi black, front tibiae often paler internally.
Length 3.5 to 4.5 mm.; width 1.9 to 2.5 mm.
Distribution. — California: San Diego, May; Pasadena, June; Mt. Wilson,
July; Placerville, May (Essig); Mokelumne Hill, May (Blaisdell); Dunsmuir
(Wickham); Blair's Ranch, Humboldt Co., June 19 (H.S. Barber), Los Angeles
Co. (Coquillett), and Santa Clara Co.( Koebele), all in the National Museum
Coll. Sobre Vista, Sonoma Co., July, Tuolumne Co., July, Mt. Tamalpais,
Marin Co., May 20, Shasta Co., Alameda Co., and Mt. Wilson, Los Angeles
Co. (Van Dyke Coll.). Lower California : Ensenada (Beyer).
This species varies to almost entirely black, but I have not as
yet seen a specimen in which the yellow spots on the head were
entirely absent, or the legs entirely black. These black speci-
mens may be distinguished from the black form of californicus
(var. gagates) by the small front claws of the male and the more
distant ej^es, and generally also by the larger size.
lis. Pachybrachys californicus new species
Black, mottled with bright yellow, the yellow markings gen-
erally small and varying from many to few, or even (var. gagates)
none at all. Surface strongly shining, polished, without aluta-
ceous sculpture or rarely with tlic faintest trace of it. Ej-es (cf )
separated by scarcely or barely the vertical width of their upper
lobes; front without ocular lines; front claws of male rather
strongly enlarged. Ave. length 3.2 mm. California and Arizona,
Head moderately closely punctate, median line iinpressed between the eyes,
yellow with moderate to heavy black markings (or black with yellow markings).
Eyes separated in the male by about the length of the basal two joints of the
antennae, in the female by about two and one-half times the length of the
basal joint. Antennae slender, more than three-fourths the length of the body
in the male, the tenth joint three times as long as witle, black with several
of the basal joints yellowish, at least on the under side.
Prothorax widest and rather strongly rounded at about the basal third
(variable), sides modei'ately convergent in front and distinctly rounded in
jjosteriorly, with a small but more or less evident sinuation before the hind
TR.\NS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
438 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
angles; punctuation close, only a little uneven, punctures somewhat less close
along the side margins when the latter are yellow, scarcely at aU so when the
margins are black; yellow markings small, variable in number from many to
none.
Elytra confusedly punctured in a broad baso-sutural triangle, punctures at
sides and rear arranged in more or less impressed sinuous hues, the submarginal
stria interrupted behind the humerus; marginal interspace (cf) punctured near
the base, narrow posteriorly; in the female with more numerous punctures
which may be confused with those of the stria; shield varying from rather
large, yeUow, and distinct, to small and inconspicuous; yellow markings small,
many to few, and occupying the usual spaces between the standard black spots,
which are here broadly suffused or confluent.
Pygidium and body beneath black, the former rarely with two small apical
yellow spots. Femora black and yellow, tibiae blackish.
Length 2.5 to 3.9 mm.; width 1.35 to 2.15 mm.
Distribution. — California: Mokelumne Hill (Blaisdell), male type; Siskiyou
Co., June 2; Alameda Co., May 30, and Eldorado Co. (Nunenmacher); Lake
Tahoe, July 12 to 17 (Hubbard & Schwarz and my own colls.); Tahoe City,
Aug. (Van Dyke); Bartlett Springs, one female, identity doubtful (Fenyes);
Santa Cruz Mountains (Horn Coll.); San Diego, May 27 (var. gagatcs).
Arizona: Pinal Mountains (Wickham); Ash Fork, June 18 (Barber & Schwarz).
Var. gagates new variety
This name is proposed for a series from San Diego, Cahfornia, seemingly
specifically identical with the type form, but so far as seen, invariably entirely
black. One female of the Alameda Co. examples above recorded is entirely
black and others are very nearly so; these connect the San Diego specimens
perfectly with the more sparsely mottled ones of the typical form, and the
present varietal name is therefore only a convenience for tabulating and dis-
tinguishing from the other black or nearly black forms of lustraris, melanostic-
lus and signatifrons occurring on the Pacific coast.
Californicus may be distinguished from lustrans, which in some
forms it most closely resembles, by the more approximate eyes,
front not transversely impressed between the eyes, and by the
very distinctly enlarged front claws of the male. Certain speci-
mens of californicus, especially those from the Pinal Mountains
of Arizona, are closely similar to the darker forms of alticola, but
the latter has more widely separated eyes and may with certainty
be distinguished by the small front claws of the male.
119. Pachybrachys pinguescens new species
Closely alhed to californicus, differing only as follows: Size larger, a little
stouter, prothorax similarly strongly rounded in the male, and distinctly more
inflated in the female than in californicus, widest nearly at the middle in the
female type; front less evidently impressed along the median line; antennae a
little more slender, the tenth joint about four times as long as wide in the
H. C. FALL 439
male; prothorax iiioiv fint4y and less closely puneTate; front claws of male
even more strongly enlarged.
Lr/;(///j 3.5 to 4 mm.; width 1.8to2.1 mm.
Dhtributioji. — Calif ornui: Independence, June (Fenyes), type female.
Arizortf!: Ash Fork, June 18 (Barber ct Schwarz), one male.
The type is in great part black, the black frontal marks heavy,
the prothorax with a very narrow apical margin, broader nearly
smooth side margins, a short thin anterior median line and two
small basal spots, yellow; elj'tra with basal margin, subhumeral
lobes, lateral spots and a few discal flecks, yellow. In the Ari-
zona male the yellow markings are larger and the upper surface
might best be described as yellow, with the pronotal M heavy,
the elytra with standard spots, those of the inner series irregular
and subconfluent, legs more yellow than black. In both sexes
the pygidium has two confluent apical yellow spots, and the last
ventral is largely yellow. In caliform'cus the last ventral
is entirely black and the p3'gidium only rareh' shows two small
widely isolated ^^ellow spots. In the female type the elytral
shield is represented by a small yellow dot ; in the Arizona male it
is nmch larger and quite conspicuous.
120. Pachybrachys tridens Melsheimer
Pale yellow with broad sharply limited black markings; anten-
nae usually, and legs entirely yellow, size small, lustre dull. Eyes
separated by about twice the length of the basal antennal joint
in the male, and by two and one-half to three times the length
of this joint in the female; ocular lines fine; front claws of male
not enlarged. Ave. length 2.7 mm. Eastern half of United
States.
Head nearly uniformly, not densely punctured, frontal spots usually very
much reduced or almost entirely wanting in the male, better developed or even
broadly suffused in the female.
Prothorax strongly transverse, slightly narrowed in front with the sides
feebly arched in the male, more obviously narrowed and with the sides more
rounded in the female; yellow with a subquadrate black spot each side nearer
the base than the apex, and a median stripe dilated in front and usually divided
anteriorly by a yellow line, the median and lateral marks very rarely con-
nected in front; punctuation rather sparse and somewhat irregular.
Elytral striae lightly impressed laterally, scarcelj' so on the disk, fairlj^ regu-
lar; shield moderate, feebly or scarcely elevated, yellow. The elytra may be
described as yellow with a transverse black basal fascia wider at the sutin-e,
along which it narrowly joins a still wider posterior fascia. The anterior
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
440 AMERICAN PACHYBBACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
fascia may be interrupted within the humeral knob and the posterior band is
often more or less deeply emarginate anteriorly. In the more heavily marked
specimens the elytra may be defined as black, with the apex and a some-
what oblique ante-median fascia interrupted at suture, yellow; marginal in-
terspace nearly or quite impunctate.
Pygidium black with the usual yellow apical spots. Body beneath black,
sides of abdomen and last segment more or less yellow. Legs yellow, the fem-
ora sometimes with small faint median clouds.
Length 2.2 to 3.2 mm.; width 1.2 to 1.75 mm.
Distribution. — Connecticut: (Leng). New York: Staten Island, June and
July (Leng); Long Island (Nat. Mus. Coll.); Ft. Lee, June 18 (Van Dyke Coll.);
"N. Y." (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.). New Jersey: (Nat. Mus. Coll.); So. Orange,
June 8 (Leng); Cairo, July 23 (Leng); West Hebron, June 20 (Leng); Anglesea
(Wenzel). Pennsylvania: (Horn Coll.), (Liebeck); Frankford (Wenzel);
Eberly's Mill (vsly. flavicornis) (Kirk and Champlain). District of Columbia:
Washington, May 20 to June 25 (Hubbard & Schwarz). Virginia: without
specific locahty. Michigan: Detroit, June (Hubbard & Schwarz). Indiana:
(Liebeck CoU.). Illinois: (LeConte Coll.); "S. 111." May 27 (Soltau in Nat.
Mus. Coll.). Iowa: Iowa City, May 30 (Wickham). Missouri: (LeConte
Coll.). Kentucky: (Soltau — Nat. Mus. Coll.). Kansas: Douglas Co. (Snow).
Texas: (Nat. Mus. Coll.).
This prettily marked species is rather widely dispersed and
quite familiar to most collectors. The ground color in some
examples is very pale whitish yellow, contrasting strongly with the
black markings ; the ocular lines are a httle variable in depth but
as a rule are quite fine and feebly impressed; the antennae are
entirely yellow, a very unusual character.
Var. flavicornis Melshcimer
This is tridens with the thoracic markings broad and connected
so as to leave two basal spots, the side margins and front angles
j^ellow; the elytral fasciae are also heavier than usual, leaving the
apex and an obliquely transverse rather narrow yellow fascia not
attaining the suture. The interval between this form and the
typical tridens is not great and is completely occupied by inter-
mediates.
121. Pachybrachys obsoletus Suffrian
Very similar to tridens m form, size and at! other characters
except as follows. The thoracic spots are as a rule not (piite so
regular and sharply outlined, the broad elytral markings of tri-
dens are here broken up so as to show the standard s])ots, which
are, however, often more or less connected posteriorly, the sutural
inters])ace almost invariably wholly or in great inirt ])al(\ The
H. C. FALL 441
antennae are sometimes entirely pale as in tridens, hut more often
some of the outer joints are in part dusky, the darker femoral
spots or clouds more often present, the elytral striae as a rule
slightly more impressed, the punctures a little coarser.
These differences are all rather trifling and I have been strongly
inclined to place the present form as a variety of tridem; there,
however, does not seem to be any definite evidence of this connec-
tion, and as the vast majority of specimens are sharply se})arable
by color characters, and are held to be distinct in nearly all col-
lections I have examined, it is perhaps wisest to so consider them
for the present. It is very easy to imagine the broad fasciae of
tridens the result of the enlargement and confluence of the usual
elytral spots, and indeed the humeral spot is frequently isolated
by the interruption of the basal fascia, and the middle marginal
spot is also often fairly well defined by a narrowing or an emar-
gination of the posterior fascia, but never seems to lose its
connection with the adjacent spots. In one or two of the many
specimens of obsoletus before me the elytral spots are so far con-
nected as to approach very closely the adjacent extremes of the
tridens form, but even in these there is lacking something of that
sharpness of outline so characteristic of the latter. Normally,
and indeed almost without exception in obsoletus the sutural
interspace of the elytra — so far as it is clearly defined — is wholly
or largely yellow, thus interrupting the posterior fascia. In
tridens this fascia is not interrupted and the suture is entirely
black from the base to the apical yellow blotch. Here as in
tridens the width of the front between the eyes and the distinct-
ness of the ocular lines is somewhat variable. In a considerable
number of specimens, for the most part females from west of the
Mississippi, the maculation is not black but varies from fuscous
to pale brown.
This species has been identified by Bowditch as peccans Suffr.,
but incorrectly so. The two species are very easily separable if
males are at hand, the front claws being very distinctly enlarged
in peccans, while in the present species they are scarcely at all
larger than those of the middle and hind feet; some females,
however, are not so easy to distinguish.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
442 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
Neither Mr. Bowditch nor myself has been able to obtain a
type of ohsoletus for examination, and it is by no means certain
that my own interpretation of the species is correct; there is, how-
ever, a fair probability of it, and pending definite information it
seems better to use this name than to coin a new one. The
range of the species is wider than that of tridens as is shown by
the following.
Distribution. — New Hampshire: Farmington, Aug. 3; Webster (Fiske);
Franconia (Mrs. A. T. Slosson). Massachusetts: Tyngsboro, Aug. 10, and
Tewksbury, July 24 (Blanchard); Marion, Aug. 9 to 12. New York: Vicinity
of New York City (Leng); Cokl Spring, July (Sherman); Buffalo (Am. Ent.
Soc. CoU.); Bluff Point (Casey). New Jersey: Clementon, Aug. 10, and Angle-
sea, May 30 (Wenzel). Pennsylvania: Pocono Lake, July and Aug. (Wenzel).
Virginia: (Leng); Pennington Gap (Hubbard & Schwarz). South Carolina:
(Wenzel Coll.). Georgia : Tyhee Island, June 24 (Wenzel). Florida: (Liebeck),
identity a little doubtful, male lacking. Michigan: Sault Ste. Marie, July 14
(Nat. Mus. Coll.); Detroit (Hubbard & Schwarz). Ohio: Cincinnati (Dury).
Indiana: (Liebeck CoU.). Wisconsin: Bayfield (Wickham). Iowa: (Wenzel
Coll.); Riverton; Elmira, June 25; Nebraska City (Elliott), and Eddyville
(Wickham Coll.). Missouri: "Mo," and "C. Mo.," June, on locust (Riley—
Nat. Mus. Coll.). Nebraska: Sand Hills, July (Nat. Mus. Coll.); West Point
(Nat. Mus. Coll.). Kansas: Salina (Knaus); Rawlins Co. 2,850 feet (F. X.
Williams); Douglas Co. (Snow); Imperial (Blaisdell Coll.). Dakota: Bismarck
(Wickham). New Mexico: Magdalena Mountains (Snow), identity not quite
certain. British Columbia: Selkirk Mountains (J. Chester Bradley) one 9,
identity not certain.
122. Pachybrachys alticola new species
Very similar to laevis, size a little larger, integuments polished,
or more rarely less shining but without any clearly defined aluta-
ceous sculpture; yellow with black standard spots variably devel-
oped, often broadly suffused and involving the greater portion
of the pronotal and elytral disks; eyes slightly more widely dis-
tant than in laevis, front with rather feebly impressed ocular
lines; front claws of male not appreciably enlarged. Ave. length
3 mm. Colorado and New Mexico.
Head nearly as in laevis, front mostly yellow with broad vertex spot, median
spot linear; spots may be larger in female. Eyes separated by a distance
which in the cf varies from slightly less to slightly more than twice the length
of the basal antennal joint, and in the female is about two and one-half or two
and three-fourths times the length of the basal joint.
Protliorax rather finely and not closely ])unctured, M variable, black, .shari)ly
defined, more or less broken in the paler forms in which the color may be best
described as black with three discal spots or lines and the side margins yellow.
H. C. FALL 443
Elytra with confused punctures baso-suturally, striae elsewhere more or less
clearly marked, feebly impressed, four and five confused in front of the middle,
eight a little more impressed, marginal interspace not punctate; shield small.
The maculation is variable, the standard spots defined in the typical form,
except that the middle inner spot is confluent with the posterior one and more
or less so with the corresponding outer one. In the darker forms the spots are
broadly suffused, leaving the elytra black, with basal edge, post-humeral lateral
spot, apex and some smaller dots in the sutural region, yellow; in these darker
individuals the shield is not defined. All else nearly as in laevis.
Length 2.75 to 3.35 mm; width 1.4 to 1.8 mm.
Distribution. — N'ew Mexico: Beulah, Julj^ (type cf ); Cloudcroft 9,000 feet
June 9-14, also August (Knaus) ; S. Fork Eagle Creek, 8,000 feet, WTiite Moun-
tains,Aug. 18 (Townsend); Socorro Co., Aug.; Magdalena Mountains, Aug.; near
Las Vegas Hot Springs, 7,000 feet, Aug. (all from Snow Coll.) ; Beulah (Beyer),
July 24 (Cockerell). Colorado: Colorado Springs, 6,000 to 7,000 feet, June
(Wickham); Garland, June 18 to 25 (Hubbard & Schwarz); Caiion City, May
14 (Soltau— Nat. Mus. Coll.).
123. Pachybrachys laevis Bowditch
Small, yellow, standard spots variable from black or nearly' so
through pale brown, diffuse and indistinct to entirely wanting;
integuments polished, shield large, elongate, nearly or quite one-
third the length of the elj^tra; eyes (cf) separated bj'' scarcely
twice, and in the female by somewhat more than twice the length
of the basal joint of the antennae; front without ocular lines;
front claws of male not appreciably enlarged. Ave. length 2.5
mm. Texas, Colorado and New Mexico to California (?).
Head slightly wider than the thoracic apex, rather sparsely punctured, vertex
spot broad, black, median spot linear to narrowly triangular, front predomi-
nantly yellow as a rule. Eyes in male distinctly more widely separated than
the vertical width of their upper lobes. Antennae blackish except basally,
fully three-fourths as long as the body in the male, not much more than half
as long as the body in the female, the tenth joint about two and one-half times
as long as wide in both sexes.
Prothorax moderately strongly transverse, sides slightly convergent and
nearly straight from the base or very near it, punctuation moderately coarse,
not close, a little uneven in distribution, side margins smooth, M variable from
rather broad and complete to faint and fragmentary, often with the three basal
spots only well defined.
Elytral striae fairly regular, a littk> impressed, four and five often somewhat
broken and confused at middl(\ eighth only feebly sinuous, marginal interspace
impunctate; standard spots fairly distinct, the middle one of the inner series
often confluent more or less with the correspontling outer spot and with the
posterior inner one; shield large, elongate, feebly convex, yellow.
TR.\NS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
444 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
Pygidium with typical marks, yellow predominating. Body beneath black-
ish, apex and sometimes the sides of the venter more or less yellow. Legs
entirely yellow, the tips of the four posterior femora paler, or all the femora
may have dark spots or rings, and the tibiae corresponding dark shades beyond
the middle.
Length 2.25 to 2.8 mm.; width 1.2 to 1.45 mm.
Distribution. — Colorado: Colorado Springs, 6,000 to 7,000 feet, July 20 to 26
(Wickham), cotype from Bowditch; Golden, Mount Lookout, 7,700 feet, June
26 (Frost); Buena Vista, July 4 (Hubbard & Schwarz). Texas: Chisos
Mountains, July 23 (Wenzel). New Mexico: Coolidge (Wickham); Las
Cruces, May 15 (Townsend); La Luz Canon, April 18 (A. N. S. P.); Bernalillo
Co. (LengCoU.). Arizona: Winslow (Leng. Coll.); Williams, June 30 (Bar-
ber & Schwarz); "Ariz" (Wickham). Utah: Milford, July 7 (Wickham).
Nevada: Reno (Wickham). California: Los Angeles Co. (Coquillett — Nat.
Mus. Coll.), identity doubtful.
This small species, at least in its typical form, is rather easily
recognized by the tabular and diagnostic characters, although in
a general way very similar to a number of others — notably
alticola, obsoletus, nubiius and mercurialis. The Nevada and
Utah specimens look somewhat different, but as all the specimens
before me are females and show no definite distinctive characters
they would best remain here for the present. The Los Angeles
County, California, specimens — two males — look almost exactly
like typical laevis, but in one of them the eyes are much too distant
and the front is less shining. It may represent a distinct species,
and may possil)ly be a variety of mercurialis, which species closely
resembles the immaculate forms of laevis, but differs by its more
Avidely separated eyes. The resemblance of my Colorado cotype
of laevis to St. George, Utah, specimens of 7iubiius is very close,
the latter apparently differing only by the appreciably less distant
eyes.
124. Pachybrachys nubiius Bowditch
Pale yellow, standard spots small, pale brown, sometimes
darker and better defined, sometimes nearly or quite wanting;
antennae very slender, nearly as long as the body in the male,
tenth joint about four times as long as wide; eyes separated in
the male by a distance scarcely or barely as great as the vertical
width of their upper lobes; front without ocular lines; front claws
of male not enlarged. Ave. length 2.9 mm. Arizona; Utah.
H. C. FALL 445
Head rather sparsely punctate, spots almost wanting, median line finely-
impressed; eyes separated in the male by about one and two-fifths times the
length of the basal antennal joint or by about the length of the first two joints.
Prothorax moderately transverse, sides nearly straight and a little converg-
ent from near the base to apex; punctuation uneven, side margins smooth,
spots smaU and vague.
Elytra with confused punctuation in a moderate baso-sutural triangle; striae
feebly or scarcely impressed, three, four, seven and eight fairly regular and
entire, five and six much confused; shield triangular, di.stinct, of moderate size;
marginal interspace impunctate; eighth stria with a strong sigmoid dislocation
near the base.
Pygidium typically marked with black and yellow. Body beneath black,
last ventral in part yellow. Legs pale yellow with small menlian femoral and
tibial darker spots or clouds.
Length 2.7 to 3.1 mm.; width 1.35 to 1.5 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Bill Williams Fork (Snow), type. Utah: St. George,
July (Wickham).
The above description is drtiAvn from a male from the type
locality. In it the eyes are slightly more approximate than they
are in the actual type, which I have examined, but the difference
is probably purely an individual one. In the single St. George,
Utah, specimen before me — a male — the spots are blacker and
more distinctly defined than in the typical form, rather strongly
resembling some specimens of laevis. A single female example
in my own collection taken by Snow in Arizona (exact locality
not indicated) is almost certainly identical with the Utah male,
differing only in its fainter maculation, and as might be expected
in its more robust form. As compared with laevis the present
species is rather larger, with less distant eyes, longer antennae, the
tenth joint four times as long as wide (less than three times as
long as wide in laevis), the elytral shield less prolonged.
125. Pachybrachys conspirator new species
I have separated under this name four examples sent me by ^Ir.
Chas. Schaeffer which agree so closely in almost all respects with
the nearly immaculate forms of nubilus as to require no separate
description. The males have the same narrow cylindrical form
and very slender antennae nearly as long as the entire body; the
standard spots are small and faint on tlie pronotum, entirely
absent or in part very faintly indicated on the elytra; the elytral
striae are more broken and irregular than in nubilus, the marginal
interspace with a few punctures^more numerous in the female —
and the eyes are separated by fully one and three-fourths times
TRANS. A.M. ENT. SOC, XLI.
446 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
the length of the basal antennal joint in the male, and by but little
less than three times the length of the basal joint in the female.
Distribution. — Arizona: Without more definite locality —
(Schaeffer), type cf. Also an example in the Nat. Mus. Coll.
(Linell).
It is not absolutely certain that the single female is properly
associated with the three males sent; the latter are therefore to
be considered typical. It is not at all unlikely that this is only
an extreme form of nubilus.
126. Pachybrachys subvittatus LeConto
Robust, shining, yellow, prothorax with a median anteriorly
divided black vitta, and a broader more diffuse brown or brown
and black sublateral vitta each side; elytra with the sutural and
lateral edge and small standard spots black, the outer series sub-
marginal and distinct, the inner spots narrow or linear and form-
ing a dislocated interrupted disco-sutural vitta. Eyes moderately
distant; front without ocular lines; front claws of male only
slightly enlarged. Length 3.6 mm. Texas.
Head with the tyi^ical black markings well developed, pale areas nearly
smooth, dark areas closely punctured; eyes separated in the male by twice the
length of the basal antennal joint. Antennae moderate, scarcely three-fourths
the length of the body in the male, the tenth joint three times as long as wide
or slightly less.
Prothorax strongly transverse, widest at or a little in front of the basal third,
where the sides are rather strongly rounded; moderately narrowed in front and
rounded in at base; punctuation fairly close in the dark areas, rather sparse
elsewhere, smooth between the forks of the median vitta; side margins narrowly
smooth.
Elytral punctures black, confused in a small sutural triangle, striae elsewhere
more or less sinuous but subentire, hghtly impressed on the disk, more evidently
so laterally, eighth stria with subbasal dislocation, marginal interspace impunc-
tate, shield not evident.
Pygidiwn black, with or without apical yellow spots. Body beneath black.
Legs rufo-testaceous, the tarsi and apical parts of the tibiae dusky.
Lemjfh 3.6 mm.; width 2 mm.
Distribution. — Texas. The type series in the LeConte Collection consists of
four males, probably collected by Belfrage. The species is also rei)resented
in the Nat. Mus. (Belfrage), Horn, Am. Ent. Soc. and Leng Collections, but
by very few examples, and all labeled simply "Tex" except one specimen in the
Leng Coll. which is marked "Blowout."
H. C. FALL 447
127. Pachybrachys liebecki new species
Pale yellowish testaceous, elytra with slight greenish tint;
prothorax with very diffuse reddish brown clouds, frontal mark-
ings not large, reddish brown; surface finely alutaceous, scarcely
shining. Ave. length 3.75 mm. Kansas.
Head moderately punctate, ocular lines distinct; eyes rather small, not
prominent, separated in the male by a little less, and in the female by a little
more than their own vertical lengths, or by about two and one-half or two and
three-fourths times the length of the basal antcnnal joint in the male and about
four times the length of the basal joint in the female. Antennae short, scarcely
exceeding half the length of the body in the male, and distinctly shorter in the
female, the subapical joints twice as long as wide, color rufous, basal joints
darker above, beyond the middle entirely blackish.
Prothorax transverse trapezoidal, the sides nearly straight, verj^ broadly
obtusely subangulate just before the base; punctuation not very dense, nearly
evenly distributed, side mai'gins smoother but not abruptly so.
Elytra much wider than the prothorax, punctuation fine, striae seven and
eight and usually one and two or two and three fairly regular but unimpressed,
the [junctures of the intermediate area and in the scutellar region confused;
submarginal interspace convex and prominent, marginal interspace flat and
impunctate except near the base; elytral shield wanting, lobe without marginal
row of punctures.
Pygidium entirely pale. Body beneath pale, the metasternum black at
middle. Legs flavo- or rufo-testaceous, thighs with or without sKghtly darker
diffuse median clouds. Front claws of male not enlarged.
Length 3.5 to 4 mm.; width 1.8 to 2.15 mm.
Distribution. — Kansas. The type is a male from "Ks" given me by Mr.
Liebeck, to whom it is a pleasure to dedicate the species. Other examples
before me are from Hamilton Co. and Clark Co. (Snow) ; Medora, May (Knaus).
The size, color, and convex submarginal (eighth) interspace
make this species easily recognizable. The general facies strongly
suggests the paler forms of the bivittatus group, with which it
seems best to associate it, but it should be remarked that in all
the other species of this group the ocular lines are indistinct or
wanting, the elytra as a rule vittate, and the elytral lobe shows the
usual marginal series of punctures.
12S. Pachybrachys bivittatus Say
Yellow, prothoracic disk usually broadly suffused with rufous,
elytra each with a median black or broAvn vitta and three lateral
spots one or more of which may be lacking. Eyes in the male
separated by less than twice the length of the basal joint of the
antennae, ocular lines subcontiguous to the eyes, front claAvs of
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
448 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
male not appreciably enlarged. Ave. length 4.5 mm. Inhabits
the greater part of the United States.
Head barely as wide as the thoracic apex, densely or closely punctate in the
frontal impression and dark areas, elsewhere more sparsely so; markings very
variable in extent and depth of color; eyes separated by one and three-fourths
(more or less) times the length of the basal antennal joint in the male, and by
about two and one-half times the length of the basal point in the female, the
distance in the latter sex being always somewhat less than the vertical length
of the eye. Antennae reaching the middle of the elytra in the male, shorter in
the female, black beyond the middle, tenth joint barely or scarcely three times
as long as wide.
Prolhorax subconical in the male, the sides feebly arcuate, a little more
rounded behind in the female; punctuation fine and not very close, side mar-
gins narrowly smooth or nearly so; M rarely defined, the entire disk usually
suffused with rufous or brownish, leaving the side margins and not infrequently
a narrow anterior median line pale.
Elytra confusedly punctate in baso-sutural region, striae not or scarcely im-
pressed, submarginal distinct, the others less so; marginal interspace wide, and
impunctate except near the base; shield wanting. The elytra may be
described as bivittate with the outer vitta rarely if ever entire, usually inter-
rupted to form three spots, of which the median one is often small or wanting
and that on the humeral knob less often absent; the sutural bead and the
greater part of the lateral edge back of the lobe are black in fully colored exam-
ples.
Pygidium yellow with base blackish. Body beneath brown to black, with
apex and sometimes sides of abdomen pale. Legs rufo-testaceous, the tarsi
becoming darker.
Length 3.9 to 5 mm.; width 1.8 to 2.7 mm.
Dislribution. — New Hampshire: (Fenyes); Hudson (Blanchard); Franconia
(Mrs.A.T.Slosson). New York: (Nat. Mus. Coll.). Pennsylvania: (Wonzel).
Maryland: Glymont, May 25; Pope Creek, May 22 (both collected by Griffith
— Liebeck Coll.). Virginia: (Nat. Mus. Coll.), (Beyer Coll.). Ohio: Cincin-
nati, June 29 (Dury). Indiana: (Soltau— in Nat. Mus. Coll.); Wells Co.,
July 14 (Liebeck Coll.). Ulinois: Algonquin, June 19, July 7 (Nason); Bloom-
ington, June 8 (Wickham Coll.); "C. 111." (Nat. Mus. Coll.). Wisconsin:
(Leng Coll.). North Dakota: Fargo (Soltau— Nat. Mus. Coll.); Wilhston
(Wickham). South Dakota: Volga (Truman — Wickham Coll.). Nebraska:
Sand Hills (Bruner — Nat. Mus. Coll.). Kansas: Douglas Co. and Hamilton
Co. (Snow); McPherson, Benedict and "So. Kans" (Knaus). Texas: (Nat.
Mus. Coll.); Austin, June 28 (Soltau— Nat. Mus. Coll.); New Braunfels (Lie-
beck Coll.); Round Mountain, and Davis Mountains, July 7 (Wenzel). Mo7i-
tana: (Leng Coll.). Colorado: Colorado Springs, June 15 to 30 (Wickham);
Canon City (Wickham) ; Denver, July 7 (Hubbard & Schwarz); "Col" (various
collections). New Mexico: Silver City (Dury); Pecos, June 17 (Cockerell).
Arizona: Grand Canon of Colorado, July 13 (Barber & Schwarz); Cosnino
Canon (Horn Coll.); Winslow (Leng Coll.); San Bernardino Ranch, Cochise
Co. (Snow); Chiricahua Mountains, May 30 to June 8 (Clemence); Prescott
H. C. FALL 449
(Van Dyke) ; "Ari." (Nat. Mus. Coll.). Utah : Ogden, June 21, and Am. Fork,
June 24 (Hubbard & Schwarz); "Ut." (Liebeck Coll.). Oregon: Huntington
(Hubbard & Schwarz, and Leng Colls.). California: Pomona, April 23 to 30;
San Diego (Blaisdell); Havilah, May 30 (Pilate); Los Angeles (Leng Coll.);
Los Angeles Co. (Coquillett— Nat. Mus. Coll.). Lower California: San Felipe
(Beyer).
One of our commonest and most widespread species. Bow-
ditch"^ has called attention to the fact that the name viduatus
has long been wrongly used for this species.
129. Pachybrachys sublimatus new species
In size, form, .sculpture and structure closely related to hiviitatus and allies;
the foi-m is almost exactly that of bivitlalus, the lustre somewhat dull, cephalic
markings black, the frontal triangle often very narrowly attaining the vertex
spot and frequently failing to reach the antennal foveae.
Prothorax rather more densely punctate than in bivittatus, the side margins
less distinctly smooth, disk with very vague and diffuse reddish brown shades
representing the M, the lateral branches usually more pronounced.
Elytra sometimes with a single narrow black vitta, with or without traces of
lateral spots, but usually without markings, the sutural bead and portion of
lateral edge black, precisely as in bivittatus; submarginal stria much confused,
the marginal series of punctures more or less irregular, in which respect the
jjresent species is more nearly in agreement with consimilis. The eyes are
separated in the male by two to two and one-half, and in the female by about
three times the length of the basal antennal joint. Legs — except last one or
two tarsal joints — entirely pale.
Length 3.8 to 4.35 mm.; width 1.8 to 2.3 mm.
Distribution. — California: San Bernardino Mountains, July 12, types d^
and 9 ; Pasadena, July 19; Claremont (Baker).
130. Pachybrachys circumcinctus Crotch
Closely allied and gciiorally similar to birittatus, differing as follows. The
size is on the average a little smaller, surface more shining, the alutaceous sculp-
ture often nearly lacking (normally quite distinct in bivittatus), elytra each with
a single broad black vitta, the lateral edge and epipleuron black around the
lobe nearly to base; prothorax rufous or rufo-testaceous with side margins paler
and often with three small more or less distinct darker to blackish basal spots;
eyes separated in the male by about two and one-half and in the female by
rather more than three times the length of the basal joint of the antennae, the
distance in the female, however, not quite as great as the vertical length of the
eye; the two outer series of elytral punctures less regular than in birittatus;
body beneath black, the apex of the last ventral, on each side of the middle,
pale, the sid(>s of the body usually not pale; tibiae sometimes in part blackish,
the tarsi more evidently so than in bivittatus.
Length 3.7 to 1.2 mm.; width 2.1 to 2.4 mm.
«Ent. News, 1908, p. 217.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, .XLI.
450 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
Distribution. — California: Dunsmuir (Wickham); Shasta Co. (Nat. Mus.
Coll.), (Van Dyke Coll.); Siskiyou Co. (Van Dyke); Cole, July, and Castle
Crag, July (Fenyes); Del Norte Co., June 1, and Siskiyou Co., July 2 (Nunen-
macher); Tuolumne Co., July (Van Dyke); San Jose (Hubbard & Schwarz);
Santa Clara Co. (Coquillett in Nat. Mus. Coll.); Yreka (Leng Coll.); (Snow
Coll.). Oregon: Hood River, May 19 (Hubbard & Schwarz); Josephine Co.,
June 8 (Nunenmacher).
131. Pachybrachys consimilis new species
Extremely close to circumcmctus, and possibly a geographical race of that
species. It differs chiefly in its very distant eyes, which in the male are sepa-
rated by about three times, and in the female by four times the length of
the basal antennal joint, the distance in the latter se.x being actuaUy greater
than the vertical length of the eye. The elytral vitta is even broader than in
most examples of circwncinctus, the lateral edge is black around the apex to
the suture and the two outer elytral series of punctures are more irregular or
confused. Size slightly larger and form more robust than in circumcinctus.
Distribution.— The type is a female collected by Dr. Fenyes at Sugar Pine,
near the entrance to Yosemite Valley, California. Other examples are from
Tuolumne Co., July (Van Dyke); Eldorado Co., June 9 (Nunenmacher), and
Mokelumne Hill, May 19 (Blaisdell)— all in California.
132. Pachybrachys litigiosus Suffrian
Above yellow, cephalic markings and pronotal M moderate to
heavy, black and sharply outlined, elytra with suture, two discal
vittae and extreme lateral edge black. Eyes very distant, front
without ocular lines; front claws of male not enlarged.
Head finely sparsely punctate, more coarsely and closely so in the triangular
black frontal spot; eyes distant from somewhat less to rather more than three
times the length of the basal antennal joint. Antennae not very slender, about
two-thirds as long as the body in the male, blackish in great part, tenth joint
less than three times as long as wide.
Prothorax less strongly transverse than usual, not or but slightly dilated
posteriorly, sides feebly arcuate and moderately convergent from base to apex;
punctuation sparse, the punctures separated by two to three times their owti
diameters, not much closer laterally; side margins smooth; markings broad,
the black color predominating, leaving two elongate oval oblique basal spots,
an anterior median line, the front margin narrowly, and side margins more
widely, yellow.
Elytral striae nearly regular throughout, feebly impressed discally, a little
deeper at sides, a few irregular punctures along the suture near the base; shield
wanting; sutural vitta subequal in width to the discal ones, the latter as a rule
slightly wider than the intervening yellow stripes; lateral stria without sub-
basal dislocation, lateral interspace impunctate.
Pygidium at base, and body beneath black, the last ventral segment in part
yellow. Legs rufo-testaceous, the apical portions of the femora and base of
tibiae whitish yeUow.
H. C. FALL 451
Length 2.9 to 4 mm.; width 1.6 to 2.4 mm.
Dislributio7i. — New Jerseij: (Licbcck); Da Ccsta, July 1, and Anglesea
(Wenzel). District of Columbia: (Wenzel). North Carolina: Wilmington
(Wenzel). Georgia: (Horn Coll.). Florida: Haulovor, March; Capron, April
3; Crescent City (all in Hub})ard and Schwarz Coll.); Jack.sonville (Liebeck
Coll.); Key West (Leng Coll.); Tampa (Van Duzee in Wickham Coll.).
The head and pronotum are typically very finely alutaceous
and feebly shining, the elytra more or less distinctly minutely
transversely wrinkled, but in one female example from Alpine,
Texas, doubtfully referred, the upper surface is quite strongly
shining, with traces, however, of the fine sculpture.
133. Pachybrachys virgatus I.cConte
Rather large, yellow, prothorax with three entire black, or
more often black and brown, stripes, the middle one dilated
anteriorly; elytra with the suture, tAvo discal strii)es and the mar-
ginal bead black; integuments polished. Eyes widely distant,
separated even in the male by rather more than their own ver-
tical length; front without ocular lines; front claws of male not
enlarged. Ave. length 4 mm. Nebraska to Texas and Colorado.
Head rather coarsely, nearly uniformly punctate, a broad vertical plaga and
a small but broad inter-ocular spot , feebly or scarcely connected with the former,
black. Eyes in the male separated by fully two and one-half times the length
of the basal antennal joint, in the female by more than three times the length
of the basal joint. Antennae not very slender, in great part black, tenth joint
(cf ) three times as long as wide.
Prothorax rather long, broadly arcuately narrowed from near the base,
scarcely dilated posteriorly, rather coarsely punctate, the punctures separated
by their own diameters medially, somewhat closer toward the sides, the side
margin narrowly smooth; lateral vittae of nearly uniform width, usually brown,
more or less overlaid with black, median vitta a little dilated in anterior half
and usually with a trace of a paler median line in the dilated portion.
Elytra strongly shining, nearly regularly striate, the outer striae quite dis-
tinctly, the inner ones lightly impressed, punctures of the short scutellar striae
more or less confused, eighth stria without post-humeral interruption, inter-
spaces not or but very feebly and finely transversely wrinkled; shield wanting;
sutural vitta a little narrower than the discal ones, the latter subequal in width
to each other and to the intervening yellow stripes, outer vitta occupying the
seventh and eighth interspaces basallj', gradually changing posteriorly to the
sixth and seventh.
Pygidium black in basal half, apex yellow. Body beneath black, last ventral
with pale apical margin. Legs cnitirely rufo-testaceous.
Length 3.7 to 4.4 mm.; width 1.9 to 2.4 mm.
TRAXS. AM. ENT. .SOC, XLI.
452 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
Distribution. — Nebraska: (type); Lincoln, June (Nat. Mus. Coll.)- Ka7isas:
(Le Conte Coll.); Douglas Co., 900 feet (Snow); Salina (Knaus). Hamilton
Co. (Snow). Texas: (Blanchard Coll.), (Liebeck Coll.). Colorado: Colorado
Springs, June (Wickham).
This is a somewhat scarce species of which I have seen alto-
gether but ten examples. It is easily separable from all others
in our fauna except the next (dubiosus), which see for comparative
notes.
134. Pachybrachys dubiosus LeConte
Very closely allied to vir gains. The type is a female from Texas 3.1 mm. long,
as compared with 4.1 mm. for the type of virgatus. The median thoracic
stripe is here rather widely bifurcate in front, but does not joint the lateral
stripes. In virgatus the median stripe is more abruptly but not greatty dilated
at middle, the anterior part not evidently bifurcate, but with subparallel sides,
the median line of the dilated portion often narrowly and obscurely paler. The
surface is nearly as perfectly smooth and shining as in virgatus, there being at
most but the faintest evidence of alutaceous sculpture; the sides of the pro-
thorax are a little dilated behind (scarcely so in virgatus) and this is quite con-
spicuous in a second example — a male from Texas — subsequently associated
with the female type. This male specimen is closely similar to the type in
lustre and sculpture and is probably identical but this cannot be asserted with
certainty. In it the eyes are separated by scarcely if any more than twice the
length of the basal antennal joint, a distance rather less than in a number of
females before me which I am placing as dubiosus. In the type the lateral mar-
ginal bead is scarcely visibly darkened and the outer elytra! vitta occupies the
eighth interspace for a shorter distance than in any other specimen seen by me.
In one example (San Antonio, Tex.), the elytral vittae are faint.
Le7igth 2.7 to 3.S mm.; width 1.45 to 2.2 mm.
Distribution. — Texas: The type was probably collected by Belfrage, as were
certainly some examples before me from the National Museum Coll. Most of
the specimens at hand carry simply the state label, but the following specific
localities are represented. San Antonio, June 22 (Hubbard & Schwarz);
Marfa, July 5 (Wenzel); Alpine, July 20 to 22, 4,400 to 6,000 feet (Wickham).
Kansas: Clark Co., 1,962 feet. May; Morton Co., and Marion Co., all collected
by Snow.
13.5. Pachybrachys pawnee new species
Yellow, lustre dull, i)rothorax with three black stripes not
attaining the apical margin, the middle one furcate in front but
not joining the lateral stripes; elytra with sutural bead and two
discoidal stripes black, the outer one confined to the eighth inter-
space; front Avithout ocular lines; front claws of male distinctly
enlarged. Ave. length 3.25 mm. Kansas; Dakota.
H. C. FALL 453
Head yellow with occipital spot and median line extending from it to middle
of front, black; punctuation coarse, uneven; eyes separated bj- about twice (d')
or three times ( 9) the length of the basal antennal joint. Antennae three-
fourths (cf) or one-half (9) the length of the body, outer joints narrowly
triangular, the tenth about two and one-half times as long as wide in the
male, outer joints more or less blackish.
Prothorox rather small and strongly transverse, moderately arcuately nar-
rowed in front, punctuation rather coarse and close, a little sparser along the
side margins.
Elytra confusedly punctured in basal half between the inner black vittae and
the suture, otherwise quite regularlj' striate; striae moderate^ impressed, the
submarginal one only shghtly sinuate behind the humerus, marginal interval
impunctate, shield wanting.
Pygidium yellow with black base. Body beneath black, with last ventral
margined with yeUow. Legs yellow.
Length 3 to 3.5 mm.; width l.o to 1.9 mm.
Distribution. — Kansas: Onaga, tj-pe cf , (collected by Crevecour ?); Medora,
June 10; Sahna (Knaus); Ft. Scott, May 23 (Soltau— Xat. Mus. Coll.);
Douglas Co. and Wallace Co. (Snow). Dakota: (Wenzel Coll.).
136. Pachybrachys vau new species
Pale yello\v or testaceous, integuments polished, prothorax
^vith a median V shaped mark and a vitta each side, the elytra
^vith the suture and two discal stripes, black; the outer stripe
occupying the seventh and eighth interspaces. Front without
ocular lines, front claws of male not at all enlarged. Ave. length
3.25 mm. Texas and Colorado to Arizona.
Head barely as wide as the thoracic ape.x, front verj- sparsely punctate, the
black marks small and sharply outlined. Eyes in the male separated by twice
the length of the basal antennal joint or slightly more, onlj' very little more
distant in the female. Antennae short, blackish in outer half, attaining only
the hind coxae in the male and still shorter in the female, tenth joint a httle
more than twice as long as wide.
Prothorax moderately transverse, sides moderately arcuate and convergent,
punctuation sparse, closer in the black markings, side margins smooth; scutel-
lum black, except rarely.
Elytra with a few confused punctures along the suture near tlu; base, other-
wise regularly striate, the striae rather lightly impressed, eighth scarcel}^ sin-
uate behind the humerus; 'marginal interspace impunctate, shield wanting,
vittae subequal in width, the outer one confined to the seventh and eighth
interspaces.
Pygidium black with two yellow apical spots. Bodj' beneath black, last
ventral segment broadly jtIIow at sides, the preceding segments sometimes
narrowly so. Legs entirely pale yellow.
Length 2.7.5 to 3.75 mm.; width 1.35 to 2 mm.
TRAXS. .\M. ENT. SOC, XLI.
454 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (COLEOPTERa)
Distribution. — Arizona: Bright Angel, July 5 (type cf ); July 14 (Barber and
Schwarz); Santa Rita Mountains, June and July (Snow); "Ari" (Horn Coll.);
{Morrison — Nat. Mus. Coll.). Utah: American Fork, June 24 (Hubbard &
Schwarz); Salt Lake, June 13 (Hubbard & Schwarz). Colorado: (Leng Coll.);
Ft. Collins, June 8 (Wickham Coll.) (also in Liebeck Coll.); Platte Canon,
June (Dyar and Caudell — Nat. Mus. Coll.). Texas: Fedor; Tex. (Belfrage —
Nat. Mus. Coll.); Chisos Mountains July 16, and Round Mountain (Wenzel).
Var. imperfectus new variety
In this variety or race the markings are precisely of the same
type but in nearly all specimens seen are of some shade of brown
rather than black, and are narrower and more or less imperfect,
or even in great part obliterated. The eyes appear to be slightly
•closer in both sexes, their distance apart in the male being not
greater than the vertical width of their upper lobes, or barely
twice the length of the basal antennal joint, while in typical van
they are a little more widely separated than the width of their
upper lobes and by fully or rather more than twice the length of
the basal joint of the antennae. The elytra are also finely trans-
versely wrinkled and less shining than in van, in which the sur-
face is more highly polished. The antennae seem even a trifle
shorter than in van but this may be illusory. The scutellum is
largely yellow. Size as in vau.
Distribution. — Texas: (Belfrage in Nat. Mus. Coll.); Flatonia, July .30 (Wen-
zel), type cf ; Macdona, July 28 (Wenzel) ; Lee Co., July 2 (Birkrnann) ; Cj'press
Mills, Sept. 1, and New Braunfels (Leng Coll.).
137. Pachybrachys umbraculatus Suffrian
Pale dull yellow, minutely alutaceous but somewhat shining;
prothorax with a blackish Y shaped median vitta and a lateral
vitta each side inclosing (as usual) somewhat imperfectly an
external pale spot; elytra each with a rather narrow blackish
median vitta often imperfect or even nearly obsolete, also with
the extremities of a second vitta represented by a blackish spot
on the shoulder knob and another on the sixth interval exterior
to the apex of the median vitta. Front without ocular lines;
front claws of male not enlarged. Ave. length 3.7 mm. Arizona
to western Texas.
Head not very closely, subevcnly punctate, black markings small; eyes in
the male separated by about one and three-fourths times tlie length of the
basal antennal joint or by a little more than the vertical width of their upper
lobes, in the female by twice the length of the basal joint. Antennae {(f)
H. C. FALL 455
scarcely three-fourths the length of the boily, outer joints blackish, tenth not
quite three times as long as wide.
Prothomx moderate, punctuation sparse except in the dark markings, smooth
along the side margins. Scutellum largely j^ellow.
Elytra with a few irregularly placed punctures along the sutin-e at base,
otherwise completely striate, the striae feebly impressed, fifth and sixth often
a httle disturbed or irregular at middle; second interspace broad in the position
of the shield, gradually narrowing posteriorly and more rapidly so toward the
front; marginal interspace impunctate, eighth stria without post-humeral
interruption. The metiian vitta occupies imperfectly the third and fourth
interspaces; the external spot representing the end of an ex-terior vitta is on the
sixth interspace.
Pygidium yellow with a broad basal margin and a fine apical margii^al line
terminating in a small dot each side, blackish. Legs yellow, hind thighs with a
fuscous median spot.
Length 3.5 to 3.9 mm.; width 1.8 to 2 mm.
Distribution. — New Mexico: Lone Mountain, Juty 7 (Cockerell); Albu-
querque, June 28 (Wickham). Arizona: (Soltau — Xat. Mus. Coll.), (Schaeflfcr
Coll.); Santa Rita Mountains, July (Snow); Prescott, July (Wsiw Dyke).
Texas: (Schaeffer Coll.); Chisos Mountains, July 10 to 26 (Wenzel).
That this species is Suffrian's umbracidatus is probable but not
altogether certain. A specimen among some Mexican material
from the Nat. Mus. Coll. is so labeled by ]\Ir. Schwarz and seems
to fit the description sufficiently well. Others so named received
lately from the British Museum are less typical — judging from
the description — but apparently conspecific. Among this latter
material, howcn-er, are t\vo examples bearing name lahyrinthicus,
which are unquestiona1)ly identical with the Nat. Mus. umhrac-
idatus; evidently a mistake somewhere. And right here let me
say — as an example of the difficulty of obtaining reliably deter-
mined material, that I have received three examples from the
British Museum and two from the National jMuseum, purporting
to be lahyrinthicus. Of the former, two are apparently umhracu-
kitus as indicated above, the other is certainly different, while the
Nat. Mus. specimens (also from the Biologia Material) are quite
distinct from the other two. Some one of the three species may
be labyriuthicu.s l)ut only exj^ert comparison with the ty])e will
settle the c^uestion.
L38. Pachybrachys pallidipennis Suffrian
Robust, above yellow, head with standard black markings,
prothorax with heavy complete black M, elytra with the sutural
edge and tip of the shoulder knob black; elytra reguha-ly striate;
TRANS. .\.M. EXT. SOC, XLI.
456 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
eyes widely distant, ocular lines wanting; front claws of male not
appreciably enlarged. Ave. length 4 mm. Kansas and Texas.
Anie7inae moderate, dusky toward the tip.
Prothorax strongly arcuately narrowed toward the front, punctuation rather
dense and moderately coarse, more or less substrigose in the lateral branches
of the M, narrowly sparser along the side margins.
Elytra with eight regular and entire subimpressed punctured striae, a short
scutellar stria, and within the latter a few irregularly disposed punctures along
the suture; eighth stria not interrupted basally, the marginal interspace im-
punctate, shield wanting.
Pygidium black at base, broadly apically yellow; body beneath black, the
last ventral segment in great part yellow; legs yellow.
Length 3.5 to 4. .5 mm. ; width 2.2 to 2.8 mm.
Distribution. — Texas: (type); Lavaca Co., May 27 (Hubbard & Schwarz);
Macdona, July 28 (Wenzel); "Tex.," many examples without indication of
exact locaHty — various collections. Kansas: (various collections); Douglas
Co. (Snow).
The above rather short description is quite sufficient for the
recognition of this very distinct species, which is scarcely ap-
proached by any other in the regularity and completeness of the
elytral striation. In the male the elytra are slightly but obviously
gradually narrowed from the humeri, much as in certain pubes-
cent species, e. g. xanti. This species is exactly the striatus of
LeConte. The black variety referred to by LeConte is from
Garland, Col., and is not identical; it is quite surely Saj^'s nigri-
cornis.
139. Pachybrachys othonus Say
Robust, black, prothorax with the entire margin and a narrow
median anterior stripe yellow, elytra each with rather narrow sub-
sutural, discal and marginal vittae yellow, legs yellow; eyes widely
separated in both sexes, front without ocular lines; front claws
of male not enlarged. Ave. length 3.4 mm. United States and
Canada from the Atlantic Coast to the Rocky Mountains.
Head closely punctate in the dark areas, which vary much in extent; eyes
separated in the male by about two and three-fourths and in the female by
fully three times the length of the basal antennal joint or by fully the vertical
length of the eye. Antennae moderate, black, more or less pale toward the
base.
Prothorax strongly transverse, sides distinctly convergent in front, more or
less rounded in behind, surface very densely substrigoscly punctate and dull,
the median anterior yellow line and yellow margins, smooth.
H. C. FALL 457
Elytra nearly regularly striate, the outer striae moderately impressed, the
eighth without subbasal interruption, punctures irregularly disposed in a nar-
row baso-sutural region, marginal interspace impunctate, shield wanting.
Pygidium black with apical yellow spots of variable size. Body beneath
black, apical margin of last ventral segment in part yellow. Legs yellow, the
hind thighs often with fuscous spot, the exterior margin of tibiae dusky toward
the apex.
Length 3 to 3.75 mm.; width 1.75 to 2.3 mm.
Distribution. — New Hampshire: Durham (Wickham Coll.). Massachu-
setts: Tyngsboro, July 20; Framingham, June 10 (Frost); Cambridge (Hubbard
& Schwarz). Rhode Island: Berkeley. Connecticut: (Leng). New York:
Elmira (Van Duzee— Nat. Mus. Coll.); "Vicinity of New York City"; West
Hebron, June 20, and Peekskill (Leng); "N. Y." (various collections). N'ew
Jersey: (Leng, Liebeck, and Nat. Mus. Colls.). Pennsylvania: Delaware Water
Gap, June 15 (Liebeck); Glenolden, July 14 (Wenzel); "Penn." (various col-
lections). District of Columbia: Washington, May 29 (Hubbard & Schwarz).
Maryland: Oakland, July 10 (Hubbard & Schwarz). North Carolina: (Horn
Coll.); Cranberry, June 9 to 19 (Wenzel); Black Mountains, June (Van Dyke).
Georgia: Clayton (Leng). Florida: Kej^ West (Leng). Alabama: Wadley
(Soltau— Nat. Mus. Coll.). Ontario: Toronto (Crew— Wickham Coll.).
Ohio: Cincinnati, Jime 6 (Dury). Michigan: Big Rapids (Nat. Mus. Coll.).
Iowa: Iowa City, May 19 to June 25 (Wickham); Chariton (Shimek- Wickham
Coll.). Missouri: (Nat. Mus. CoU.). ArA;onsas.- (Wenzel Coll.). Oklahoma:
So. McAlester, June 11 (Wickham). Kansas: Medora (Knaus); Douglas Co.
(Snow); Riley Co. (Popenoe — Nat. Mus. Coll.); "Ks." (various collections).
Manitoba: Winnipeg (Wickham Coll.). Colorado: Colorado Springs, June
(Hubbard & Schwarz); "Col." (Horn, Wickham and Wenzel Colls.).
This widespread and common species is so well known that
little comment is necessary. The fact that the yellow stripes of
the elytra are narrower than the black would lead one naturally
to describe the elytra as black with yellow vittae; they may,
however, with equal or perhaps greater propriety be described as
yellow with a sutural and two moderately wide discal vittae and
the lateral edge, in part, black.
140. Pachybraehys praeclarus Wcise
Rol)ust, l)laek, moderateh' shining, external margins of i)ro-
thorax and elytra pale yellow; eyes widely distant, front witliout
ocular lines; elytra regularly striate, except basally near the
suture; front claws of male not enlarged. Ave. length 3.75 mm.
Indiana to South Dakota.
Head closely punctate, dull; eyes small, separated by distinctly more than
their own vertical length, even in the male. Antennae moderate, not verj'
slender, black, dull rufous beneath toward the base, tenth joint scarcely three
times as long as wide ( d^).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
458 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
Prothomx broad, strongly rounded or subinflated behind (cf), strongly
narrowed in front; punctures close, rather coarse, elongate, with a tendency
toward strigosity laterally; pale lateral margin narrow, sparsely punctured.
Elytral punctures arranged in moderately impressed regular striae except in
a narrow baso-sutural region, interspaces minutely wrinkled, moderately
shining; eighth stria not interrupted near the base, marginal interspace impunc-
tate.
Pygidium, body beneath, and legs black.
Length 3.5 to 3.8 mm.; width 2 to 2. 2. mm.
Distribution. — Indiana: Marshall Co., June 24 (type — elegans Blatchley).
Illinois: (LeConte Coll.); N. lU., June 14 (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.). South
Dakota: Black Hills, June 24 (Nat. Mus. Coll.). Manitoba: Wiimipeg, June
24 (Wallis). California: One example so labeled in the LeConte Coll., perhaps
in error.
The pale elytral margin involves the upper part of the epipleural
lobe, the marginal (ninth) interspace, and sometimes the posterior
part of the eighth interspace; in some examples in the LeConte
Collection it is entirely lacking.
This species is most nearly allied to certain forms of autolycus,
having a somewhat similar prothoracic punctuation. It is thus
far extremely rare.
141. Pachybrachys autolycus new species
Yellow, moderately to rather strongly shining; prothorax with
moderate to broad sharply defined black M, the lateral vittae
rarely disconnected from the median one; elytra each with two
discal vittae and the suture black, varying to black with sub-
sutural vitta and margin yellow (vars difficilis and wahsatchensis) .
Eyes very distant, front without ocular lines; front claws of male
not enlarged. Ave. length 3.2 mm. Maine to Washington
State and Arizona.
Head not at all wider than the thoracic apex, front rather closely punctate
medially, more sparsely so toward the vertex, surface finely alutaceousbut
moderately shining, black markings usually broad and sharply defined. Eyes
separated by nearly three times the length of the basal antennal joint or by
fully their own vertical length in the male, a little more distant in the female.
Antennae black, more or less yellow basally, of moderate length, tenth joint
two and one-half to two and three-fourths times as long as wide.
Prothorax moderately (cf ) to strongly transverse, sides variably rounded,
evidently convergent in front, surface either moderately shining and finely
alutaceous throughout, or more strongly shining with very fine alutaceous
sculpture only detectable toward tlie sides; punctuation moderately close
medially, closer toward the sides, where the punctures are often more elongate
with a tendency toward strigosity; lateral margins narrowly smooth.
H. C. FALL 459
Elytra with the punctures in nearly regular rows, striae distinctly impressed
laterally, more finely so toward the suture, intervals finely transversely
wrinkled, shield wanting; eighth stria not interrupted near the base, marginal
interspace inipunctate or nearly so; black vittae typically rather narrow but
frequently wide, the outer one beginning on the seventh and eighth interspaces
and ending on the sixth and seventh.
Pygidium black with large yellow apical spots. Body beneath black, last
ventral apically yellow. Legs yellow.
Length 2.5 to 3.9 mm.; width 1.35 to 2 mm.
Distribution. — Kansas: Meade, June 12 (Knaus), type c? ; Medora, May;
McPherson; Onaga, June 16; "So. Kan" (all in Knaus Coll.); Clark Co., Jime;
Hamilton Co. ; Wallace Co. ; Douglas Co. ; Sedgwick Co., June (all in Snow Coll.) ;
W. Kan (Popenoe — Nat. Mus. Coll.); Ks. (\Mlliston in Horn Coll.). Texas:
(Hubbard & Schwarz). Colorado: (Snow), (Leng Coll.), (Nat. Mus. Coll.);
Pagosa Springs, July (Baker — Nat. Mus. Coll.). Montana: (Leng Coll.),
(Schaeffer Coll.); Glasgow, June 27. New Mexico: Beulah, June 29 (Am. Ent.
Soc. Coll.);N.Mex. (Dury).
Var. difficilis new variety.
Front more black than yellow; prothorax heavily marked, the
sides, two basal spots and the median line anteriorly yellow;
elytra black with a narrow suljsutural vitta, — sometimes im-
perfect— a small basal intrahumeral spot and the side and apical
margins, yellow. The prothorax is nearly similar in form and
sculpture to the type form, and is — so far as my experience goes
— never so strongly transverse as in some Montana and Colorado
examples of true autolycus, nor does the punctuation show any ten-
dency toward strigositj' laterally as in some of these latter. Cer-
tain examples of true autolycus approach the present form in their
wider and more approximate discal vittae, and I am unable to
consider this as anything more than a varietal form in which the
vittae become fused, leaving only the intrahumeral spot and
occasionally some slight discal traces to represent the intermediate
yellow vitta.
Distribution. — Massachusetts: Tyngsboro, July 5, cf type. Maine: \\"ales,
June 19 (Frost). Michigan: Detroit (Hubbard & Schwarz). Colorado:
Rabbit Ears Pass, 10,000 feet, July 21 (Liebeck Coll.). Arizona: Ash Fork,
June 18 (Barber & Schwarz); apparently not at all different from the eastern
specimens.
Var. wahsatchensis new variety
This name is assigned to a local race which is closel}^ similar to
difficilis, but differing constantly in the numerous specimens
TRAXS A.M. ENT. SOC, XLI.
460 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
seen, in lacking entirely the intrahumeral yellow spot, and in
having the legs brownish piceous with the front tibiae and parts
of the front femora paler. The median line is more distinctly
impressed toward the vertex of the head than in difficilis, as a rule.
Distribution.— Utah: Wahsatch Mountains, June 27 (Hubbard & Schwarz),
taken abundantly; type d^. Montana: Kalispell (Wickham). W{ashington)
T{erritory): (Hubbard & Schwarz).
The typical form autolycus goes generally as litigiosus in col-
lections, but the latter is an Atlantic Coast species, distinctly
different by its generally longer, more sparsely punctured and
more conspicuously alutaceous prothorax. The darker forms,
including difficilis, have also generally gone as litigiosus var. and
were so held by LeConte, who by the way attached his litigiosus
label to a western specimen of autolycus rather than to the true
litigiosus.
Through those examples of autolycus with strongly transverse
prothorax with substrigose lateral punctuation this species ap-
proaches othonus, and through ivahsatchensis it approaches nigri-
cornis; indeed it is far from unlikely that both ivahsatchensis and
difficilis are the more usual forms of the rare nigricornis; in which
case autolycus would have to follow unless some one shall prove
more successful than I have been in finding a dividing line.
142. Pachybrachys nigricornis Say
Black, prothorax and elytra obscurely margined with rufous,
the latter also with a more or less obscure and imperfect subsu-
tural Hne of same color; integuments strongly shining, the head
only, very minutely alutaceous, the elytral interspaces finely
transversely wrinkled; eyes rather small and very widely sepa-
rated, no ocular lines; elytra regularly striate; front claws of
male small. Ave. length 3.2 mm. Kansas, Colorado.
Head sparsely finely punctured on the vertex, the front more coarsely and
closely so, especially in the median impression; eyes separated by slightly {&)
or distinctly ( 9 ) more than their own vertical length. Antennae black, rufous
toward the base, not very slender, only about half as long as the body in the
female, tenth joint two and one-half times as long as wide or a little more in
the male, twice as long as wide in the female.
Prothorax only moderately transverse, sides distinctly convergent in front,
rather strongly rounded posteriorly in the male, less dilated and feebly arcuate
in the female, rather coarsely moderately closely punctured, the side margins
narrowly smooth.
Elytra regularly striate, the striae moderately impressed, more distinctly so
H. C. FALL 461
laterally as usual, the short scutcllar striae alone confused, eighth stria not in-
terrupted near the base, shield undeveloped, marginal interspace impunctate.
Pygidium entu-ely black, or with two small and obscure apical rufous spots.
Body beneath black, a small rufous spot at sides of last ventral segment in
some examples. Legs black, the tibiae brownish piceous.
Length 3 to 3.4 mm.; width 1.7 to 1.8 mm.
Distribulion. — Say's locality is ''Missouri," which as is genei'ally known
means the plains of Western Kansas and Nebraska extending perhaps to the
Rocky Mountains. Nearly all the examples before me are from Colorado viz.
Colorado Springs, June 15 to 30, 6,000 to 7,000 feet (Wickham); Garland, June
29 (Hubbard & Schwarz), (Nat. :\Ius. Coll.), (LeConte Coll.), July 25 (W. J.
Gerhard); "Col" (several collections). Kansas: one d' (Horn Coll. j.
This species seems to be rare, or at least this is true of the
typical form. There is very little in the original description or
in the specimens before me to separate it from the suffused varie-
ties of autolijcus, and future collecting may establish their identity.
In the dark varieties of autolycus — icahsatchensis and difficUis —
the pale markings are always bright j^ellow; in nigricornis they
are described as "obscure rufous" and this is the case in the speci-
mens at hand. In addition to the rufous margin and subsutural
vitta mentioned in the description, the raised basal margin of the
elytra is dull rufous, and there are detectable in some examples
two very small and obscure basal thoracic spots of the same color.
Say did not mention these basal spots, but they may very easih'
have been overlooked. He does say that ''one or two of the
interstitial lines of the elytra are sometimes very obscurely
rufous, particularly in the larger females." This is not the case
in the specimens at hand. The lateral rufous margin tj'picall}'
extends around the apex of the elytra, but is sometimes evanescent
posteriorly and may entirely disappear, a fact noted by Say in his
description; the thoracic markings may also entirely disappear.
The Garland, Colorado, specimen in the LeConte Collection is
placed with driatus { = paUidipennis Suffr.) and is referred to by
LeConte as a black variety of the latter.
143. Pachybrachys carbonarius Hakleman
Black, prothorax strongly alutaceous and opaque, more finely
punctate than the elytra, the latter dull or feebly shining; eyes
very distant, front witiiout ocular lines; front claws of male not
enlarged. Ave. length 8 mm. New York and Florida to Kansas
and Louisiana. Var. janus — Nebraska to ]\Ianitol)a and the
Rocky Mountains.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
462 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
Head scarcely wider than the thoracic apex, but the eyes are usually a little
prominent as viewed from above ; front opaque, not very closely punctate. Eyes
separated in the male by fully three times the length of the basal antennal
joint or by a distance greater than their own vertical length, in the female by
nearly or quite one and one-half times their vertical length. Antennae moder-
ate, black, obscure brownish red toward the base, tenth joint scarcely two and
one-half times as long as wide in the male.
Prothorax moderately transverse {cf), or more strongly so ( 9 ), punctuation
rather dense, not coarse, nearly uniform in distribution.
Elytra conspicuously more coarsely jounctate than the thorax, punctures
confused medio-basally, elsewhere arranged in moderately impressed lines,
which may be either quite regular or considerably confused ; submarginal stria
straight or but slightly sinuate basally, marginal interspace with few to many
punctures; shield not distinct; color usually entirely black, very rarely with the
elytral margin at apex in part rufous.
Legs black in general aspect, but with the tips of the femora and the tibiae
obscurely brownish.
Length 2.5 to 3.75 mm.; width 1.35 to 1.85 mm.
Distribution. — New York: Peekskill (Sherman); Van Cortlandt, July 2,
(Zabriskie— Nat. Mus. Coll.); "vicinity of New York City" (Beyer); N. Y.
(leng Coll.). New Jersey: (Nat. Mus. Coll.); Da Costa; Westville, Aug. 14
(Wenzel). District of Columbia: Washington, May to June (Hubbard &
Schwarz). Georgia: Tybee Island, July 2 (Wenzel). Florida: Tampa, May
21, and New Smyrna, June (Hubbard & Schwarz). Alabama: Mobile, April
to July (Loding) ; Wadley (H. H. Smith — Nat. Mus. Coll.). Louisiana: Ver-
non Parish (Leng Coll.). Arkansas: Howard Co. (Wickham). Missouri:
(Nat. Mus. Coll.), (Liebeck Coll.); St. Louis (Nat. Mus. Coll.). Kentucky:
(Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.). Illinois: Algonquin (Nason) ; So. 111., May 26 (Soltau).
Michigan: Marquette, July 8 to Aug. 1. (Hubbard & Schwarz). Minnesota:
Jackson Co., June (W. S. Marshall — Nat. Mus. Coll.). Kansas: Baldwin
(Wickham Coll.); Onaga (Wickham Coll.); So. Kans. (Knaus); Douglas Co.
(Snow) identity doubtful. Nebraska: Fillmore (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.).
Var. janus new variety
Specimens from Nebraska (type 9 ), Dakota, Montana, Colo-
rado, and Manitoba (Brandon), differ more or less obviously from
typical carbonarius of the South and East by the more shining
surface — especially of the prothorax — of which the alutaceous
sculpture is less pronounced. This form Hes exactly between
typical carbonarius and nigricornis and merges into both so
gradually that I am as yet completely unable to draw the dividing
lines. The difficulty of separating nigricornis from the dark
varieties of autoiycus has already been alluded to, and as these
varieties connect gradationally with the typical form, there
results a gradual transition from the bright yellow, black vittate
H. C. FALL 463
autolycus, to the entirely dull black carbonari us. That the ex-
tremes are specifically distinct I do not for a moment doul)t, l)ut
just what the intermediate relationships are is a problem for the
future student. No examples oi janus show a trace of the sub-
sutural vitta of nigricornis, but several have the epipleural lobe
dark rufous or rufescent, and in one example this color continues
obscurely along the marginal interspace to the suture. It seems
quite probable that some of Say's specimens of nigricornis lacking
the rufous elytral margin were of the present form.
144. Pachybrachys picturatus Germar
Pale whitish yellow, lustre dull, prothorax with a narrow l)lack
M, elytra with sutural bead and a single narrow median vitta
attaining the convexity, and the tip of the shoulder knob, black;
front Avithout ocular lines; front claws of male not enlarged. Ave.
length 3.6 mm. North Carolina.
Head just perceptibly wider than the thoracic apex, finely, not closely punc-
tate, markings black and sharply defined, front predominantly pale. Eyes
separated in the male by fully twice the length of the basal antennal joint, the
distance slightly greater than the vertical length of the eye, in the female by
nearlj' three times the length of the basal antennal joint. Antennae of moder-
ate length, black, yellow toward the base, first two joints blackish above, tenth
joint nearly three times as long as wide {&).
Prothorax moderately transverse, sides distinctly convergent and almost
straight from near the base, punctuation fine and sparse, M narrow but com-
plete. Scutellum yellow with black tip.
Elytral punctures more or less confused in a rather large baso-sutural area,
the striae evident laterally and behind the middle, lightly or scarcely impresseil,
eighth stria scarcely disturbed behind the humems, marginal interspace wide
with a few punctures near the base; shield indistinct.
Pygidium pale yellow with the basal margin blackish; body beneath yellow
and black; legs entirely i)ale.
Length 3.4 to 3.8 mm.; width 1.9 to 2.15 mm.
Distribution. — North Carolina: (J. B. Smith — Nat. Mus. Coll.), (Am. Ent.
Soc. Coll.), (LengColl.); ^^'ilmington (Wenzel).
Whether this is the true picturatus of Germar or not I do not
know. The single .specimen in the Nat. Mus. Coll. bears this
name, and the one in the Leng Coll. appears to be doubtfully so
placed. The original description is short, but fits very well
except that there are said to be six black spots on the prothorax.
It might easily happen that the thoracic ]\I, which is entire in the
few specimens at hand, is broken up into six spots in the type,
and as the original description does not at all apply to any other
TR.\NS. AM. ENT. .SOC, XLI.
464 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
eastern species I have no great hesitation in using the name for
the present one. I do not know on whose authority the M-ni-
grum of Melsheimer is placed as a synonym of picturatus in the
Henshaw List, but there is absolutely nothing in the descriptions
to warrant such a course.
This is one of our rarest species, and thus far only five specimens
have been seen by me. It is probably ciuite restricted in range.
145. Pachybrachys viduatus Fabricius
Size large, yellow, with sharply defined and rather broad black
frontal marks and thoracic M, elytra with sutural bead, median
vitta and narrower lateral vitta black, punctuation dense — espe-
cially in the female — and usually with but slight traces of striae;
eyes widely separated; front without ocular lines; front claws of
male not appreciably larger. Ave. length 4 mm. Gulf States.
Head not at all wider than the thoracic apex, front quite densely subevenly
punctate; eyes separated by rather more than twice the length of the basal
antennal joint in the male, and by two and one-half or two and two-third
times the length of the basal joint in the female; terminal joint of maxillary
palpi nearly as pointed in the male as in the female. Antennae nearly as long
as the body in the male, yellow with the tip of the terminal joint dusky, more
rarely with basal and several of the outer joints blackish, tenth joint four times
as long as wide in the male, and nearly so in the female.
Prothorax not very stronglj'- transverse, sides moderately rounded and con-
vergent in front, surface densely subevenly punctate, more sparsely so along
a narrow lateral margin, apical margin pale throughout; M broad, entire,
sharply defined, leaving three discal yellow spots, two basal and one anterior
median one connected with the front margin.
Elytra rather variably but more or less densely confusedly punctate without
impressed striae, though with the punctures here and there showing serial
arrangement in longer or shorter lines; shield wanting; marginal interspace
punctured in the female, more sparsely so in the male; disk with two black
vittae attaining the declivity, the inner one wider, the outer one often inter-
rupted posteriorly leaving a detached spot.
Pijgidium black with two large, often confluent, o\-al apical yellow spots.
Body beneath black, sides of last ventral segment yellow. Legs yellow, the
bases of the thighs and apices of the tibiae often clouded with browTiish shades;
apical spur of front tibiae very small.
Length 3.5 to 4.5 mm.; width 1.85 to 2.35 mm.
Distribution. — Georgia: (Liebeck Coll.). Florida: (Leng Coll.); Key West
(Leng). Alabama: Mobile and vicinity, June (Loding), (Soltau). Louisiana:
Covington, June (Leng Coll.), (Wenzel Coll.), July 2 (Soltau). Texas: Tyler,
July 7 (Soltau— Nat. Mus. Coll.).
H. C. FALL 465
The abundant and widespread bivittatus of Say has long passed
as viduafus Fab., but the error has recently been pointed out by
Bowditch. Albescens Suffr. is then a synonym of bivittatus, as
an examination of the type shows. The true viduaius is not at
all closely allied to bivittatus, the only similarity being the vittate
elytra; it is, however, cjuite closely related in most of its charac-
ters to pulvinatus and trinotatus.
146. Pachybrachys m-nigrum Mclshcimer
Yellow with the standard markings black and so heavy or
broadly confluent that the prothorax may best be described as
black with two elongate basal spots, a narrowly oval median
anterior spot, the side margins — broader at front angles — and the
extreme apical edge, yellow; elytra black with the apex, two
lateral transverse or subquadrate spots, the basal margin, an
intrahumeral basal spot, a small basal spot near the suture, some-
times free, sometimes connected with the basal margin, and a
median spot involving the shield, yellow. Eyes distant, front
without distinct ocular lines; front claws scarcely at all enlarged.
Ave. length 3.6 mm. Eastern United States.
Head not wider than the thoracic apex, closely not coarsely punctate, mark-
ings heavy; eyes separated by an average of about two and three-fourths times
the length of the basal antennal joint, the disparity in the sexes in this respect
scarcely noticeable. Antennae slender, differing but slightly in the sexes, in
great part black, about four-fifths as long as the body, the tenth joint linear,
four and one-half or five times as long as wide.
Prothorax moderately closely, nearly evenly, not very coarsely punctate,
side margins smoother, the M heavily marked and fairly constant.
Elytral punctures coarser, confused in baso-sutural region, striae close, feebly
impressed, variable in distinctness, fairly well defined — though sinuous — on
the rear convexity and at the sides; marginal interspace subimpunctate to
moderately numerously punctate; shield rounded, distinct. The inner stand-
ard spots are more or less completely confluent with each other longitudinally
and across the suture and with the corresponding spots of the outer series
leaving yellow spots as described in the above diagnosis, and sometimes also
some scattered smaller ones along the suture.
Pygidium black with yellow apical spots. Bodj' beneath black, last ventral
with a small lateral yellow spot. Legs black and yellow, the femora black in
the basal, the tibiae in the distal half.
Length 3.2.5 to 3.9 mm.; width 1.7.5 to 2.25 mm.
Distribution. — Neiv Hampshire: Franconia (Mrs. A. T. Slosson); "N. H."
(Nat. Mus. Coll.). Massachusetts: Tyngsboro, July 3 to Aug. 31, Dracut and
Lowell (Blanchard); "Mass." (Mat. Mus. Coll.). New York: Peekskill
(Leng); N. Y. City (Soltau); White Lake, July (Zabriskie— Nat . Mus. Coll.);
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
466 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
Staten Island, Aug. 3 (Leng); Washington Co. (Leng). New Jersey: Green-
wood Lake (Leng) ; Da Costa (Boerner) ; Woodbury, June 24 (Wenzel) ; Mer-
chantville, June 15 (Wickham Coll.); "N. J." (various collections). Pennsyl-
vania: (Liebeck) ; Lehigh Gap, July 13. District of Columbia: Washington, June
28 (Hubbard &Schwarz); "D. C." (Leng). Maryland: (Liebeck); Pluminer's
Island, June 28 (Barber). Virginia: Fredericksburg, July 6 (Richardson);
Pennington Gap, Juh^ 8 (Hubbard & Schwarz). North Carolina: Hertford Co.,
June 9 (Liebeck Coll.); L. Toxaway (Liebeck Coll.); Graybeard Mountain,
(Van Dyke). Georgia: Clayton (Leng). Illinois: Galesburg, July 7 (Wick-
ham); So. 111., June 6 (Soltau), (Knaus); N. 111. (Blanchard). Iowa: Iowa
City, June 13 (Wickham); Burlington (Liebeck Coll.); Cedar Rapids (Brendel
— Leng Coll.). Kentucky: 'Louisville (Soltau in Nat. Mus. Coll.). Missouri:
St. Louis, June 13 (Wickham), (Leng Coll.), June 16 (Snow Coll.). Kansas:
June (Nat. Mus. Coll.).
This is a common and widely dispersed species in the Eastern
United States, and well known to all collectors. It varies some-
what in minor details of coloration, but on the whole is strikingly
constant in general appearance. The nearly equally distant eyes
in the sexes is unusual, and the apparent absence of the apical
spur on the front tibiae is notable.
The intricatus of Suffrian is undoubtedly identical, as shown
by a type sent by Dr. Taschenberg.
147. Pachybrachys trinotatus Melsheimer
Black, lustre dull, prothorax with the side margin — more
widely in front — apical edge and three discal spots, fulvous; eyes
separated by their own vertical length or more in both sexes;
antennae very elongate with linear joints, predominantly black;
front without ocular lines; front claws not at all enlarged in the
male.
Ave. length 4.25 mm. Eastern United States.
Head not at all wider than the thoracic apex, moderately thickly rather
finely punctate, black markings heavy, the front as a rule predominantly black
with two su])erior triangular spots and a small post-clypeal spot, j'ellow. Eyes
distant two and three-fourths — more or less — times the length of the liasal
antennal joint, and with very little sexual disparity. Antennae nearly as long
as the entire body in the male, a little shorter in the female, tenth joint fully
four times as long as wide.
Prothorax rather strongly rounded on the sides behind the middle, M heavy,
sharply defined, leaving two elongate basal spots, an anterior median spot con-
nected with the front margin, and the side margins y(>llow, j^unct nation dense
or close throughout.
Elytra densely distinctly mor(> coarsely punctate than th(> pi-othorax, the
subrnarginal stria usually more or less distinct, the others not defined although
H. C. FALL 467
often with the punctures more or less seriallj' arranged and with two slightly
elevated discal costae extending back from the base for a variable distance;
color almost entirely black, the basal edge often in part yellow, and sometimes
with one or two other miiiute j-ellow spots; shield minute or wanting.
Pijgidium, body beneath and legs entirely black; front tibiae without termi-
nal spur, that of the middle tibiae unusualh' small.
Length 3.9 to 4.6 mm.; width 2.2 to 2.6 mm.
Disiribution. — New York: Peekskill (Leng Coll.) ; Potsdam, July 7 (Liebeck);
Golden (Van Duzee — Nat. Mus. Coll.); "X. Y." various collections. New
Jersey: (Liebeck): Rahway, July 9 (Soltau — Xat. Mus. Coll.). Pennsylvania:
West Park, Philadelphia, July 15 (Wenzel); Carlisle Junction, July 1 (W. S.
Fisher). Maryland: Deer Park, July 1 (Hubbard A: Schwarz). Virginia:
Afton (Hubbard & Schwarz). Tennessee: Nashville, Aug. 4 to 15 (Wickham
Coll.). Michigan: Detroit, and Grand Ledge, July 21 (Hubbard & Schwarz).
Ontario: Ridgeway (Killman). Missouri: St. Louis (Schuster — in Leng Coll.);
"Mo." A7-kansas: Fayetteville, July 31 (Knaus). Kansas: (Nat. Mus.
Coll.) . Oklahoma : Wi.-^ter. July 3 (Sohau— Xat . Mus. Coll.) .
148. Pachybrachys pulvinatus Suffrian
So closely resembles trinoiatus that a statement of differences
only is necessary. The prothorax is a little narrower, less dilated
behind, the sides straighter, the apical pale margin interrupted
at middle by the black M in the great majority of specimens;
elytral punctures even denser than in trinoiatus but less coarse,
without trace of striae except a feeble submarginal one, the upper
margin of the stria forming a fine lateral costa, the discal costae
faint or entirely wanting; elytra often and typically with a very
few fulvous spots, a spot on the front thighs and the apices of the
middle and hind thighs pale yellow. The sexual disparity in the
width of the front between the eyes is a little more marked than
in trinotaius in which it is not very obvious. As in trinotatus
there is no visible terminal spur of the front tibia and the last
joint of the maxillary ])al])i does not differ appreciably in the
sexes. There is a good deal of variation in the markings, the
elytra in the series before me varying from entireh^ black to
entirely yellow except for a narrow sutural stripe, the tip of the
humeral umbo and the posterior half of the side margin, black.
The prothorax in a few examples is entirely black excei)t for a
small median subapical spot and a snialhn- i)ale dot on each side
near the front margin.
Distribution. — New Jersey : (Liebeck Coll.). Georgia: Liebeck, Snow, Horn
and Blanchard Colls.; probably all collected by Morrison. Florida: Capron,
April 14; Baldwin, June 10; Enterprise, June 7 and Tampa, April 16 (all in
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
468 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
Hubbard & Schwarz Coll.); Key West (Leng Coll.). Alabama: IMobile and
vicinity (Soltau in Nat. Mus. Coll.). Louisiana: Covington, June 2 (Soltau),
This species is unrecognized in almost all American collections,
the specimens when present being included with trinotafus.
Oddly enough all specimens under the latter name in the Horn
Coll. are pulvinatus, the true trinotatus not being represented at
least in the material sent me. The single example in the Blan-
chard Coll. is correctly labeled pulvinatus ("teste Austin") and
those from same source in the Snow Coll. are also correctly identi-
fied. I have seen the Suffrian type or cotype sent Bow'ditch for
examination.
149. Pachybrachys confusus Bowilitch
Black, head with three or four small yellow spots, prothorax
with the extreme anterior edge, a narrow median anterior line and
two small basal spots yellow; elytra with the basal raised margin,
some small spurs or spots adjacent thereto, the dot-like shield, a
lateral spot at the posterior third and the apex, yellow; surface
alutaceous, head and prothorax opaque, elytra dull or feebly shin-
ing. Eyes widely distant, front without ocular lines, elytral
punctures diffuse, front claws rather strongly enlarged in the
male. Ave. length 3.3 mm. District of Columbia to Louisiana.
Head not at all wider than the thoracic apex, rather finely not densely punc-
tate; eyes separated in the male by two and one-half times the length of the
basal antennal joint or by the vertical length of the eye, and in the female by
fully three times the length of the basal joint and by distinctly more than the
vertical length of the eye. Antennae rather slender, basal joint black, fol-
lowing joints brownish yellow, outer ones dusky, tenth joint three times as
long as wide.
Prothorax feebly to moderately narrowed in front, sides very broadly curved,
punctuation fine not close, nearly evenly distributed, side margins not smoother.
The yellow marks named in the above diagnosis may disappear except for the
anterior median line, and in one specimen this is reduced to a mere dot.
Elytra more coarsely punctate than the prothorax, the punctures confused
throughout, with at most some fragments of striae toward the sides; shiekl
small, rounded and somewhat raised.
Pycjidium and body beneath black. Front thighs with an oval yellow sub-
apical spot, middle and hind thighs black with the apical one-half or one-third
yellow, knees black, tibiae yellow in about basal half.
Length 2.9 to 3.5 mm.; width 1.5 to 1.9 mm.
Distribution. — Mississippi: Natchez (Bowditch Coll.), a^ type. Louisiana:
Covington, June 2 (Soltau— Nat. Mus. Coll.). Alabama: Mobile, May 10
H. C. FALL 469
(Lo(ling); Grand Bay (Loding in Bowditch Coll.). Virginia: Falls Church
(Bowditch Coll.). District of Columbia: Washington, June 27 (Hubbard &
Sehwarz ) .
Bowditch also refers to this species certain females from
Georgia, North Carolina a nil Pennsylvania, but there is possibly
some uncertainty about identifications here.
Tn the type the yellow marks on the elytra are broader than in
any example before me, so that Bowditch has described the
elytra as yellow with broad confluent standard spots.
This species is tabulated both among the black and the mottled
forms and in either case should be readily recognized by the
tabular characters.
150. Pachybrachys luridus Fabricius
Of more tlian average size, dull black, densely coarsely punc-
tured, elytra mottled with yellowy especially toward the sides,
prothorax with anterior median line and sides red or reddish
yellow, varying to elytra entirely yellow (var. festivus) or the
whole insect entirely black (var. nigrinus), or black with the
thorax almost entirely red. Eyes separated in the male by a
distance not much greater than the length of the basal antennal
joint; no ocular lines; front claws of male much enlarged. Ave.
length 3.5 mm. United States and Canada westward to the
Rocky ^Mountains.
Head not wider than the thoraeic apex, densely coarsely punctate, median
line impressed superiorly, entirely black or with two yellow spots between the
eyes. Eyes not at all prominent, separated in the male by about the length of
the first two antennal joints, or by a distance rather less than the vertical width
of their upper lobes; in the female by barely twice the length of the basal anten-
nal joint. Antennae thin, nearly as long as the body in the male, the tenth
joinf at least four times as long as wide in the male.
Prothorax strongly arcuately narrowed to the front, sides rounded in a little
behind, surface densely coarsely punctured to the margins, the punctures
sometimes showing a tendency to become longitudinally confiuent medio-
laterally.
Elytra with the disk broailly confusedly coarsely punctate, with more or
less distinct striae; at sides and rear, shield small, sometimes distinct, some-
times not; marginal interspace narrow, convex, with few to many punctures.
Pygidium and body beneath black. Legs black, front thighs often with an
oval yellow spot, middle and hind thighs pale at base and apex in the hghter
colored exami)les.
Length 2.75 to 4 mm.; width 1.5 to 2.35 mm.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
470 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
Distribution. — New HampsJiire: Franconia (Slosson). Massachusetts:
Tyiigsboro, July; Bourne, June 17; Holyoke, June 19 and Mt. Tom, Juty 1
(\Mckham Coll.); Cambridge, May (Hubbard & Schwarz). Rhode Island:
Berkeley, June. New York: (Xat. Mus. Coll.); Staten Island, June, on
Baptisia (Leng); West Hebron, June 30 (Leng). New Jersey: (Xat. Mus.
Coll.); Da Costa, June 5; Cape May C. H., May 28; Newark (all in Wenzel
Coll.). Pennsylvania: Castle Rock, June 23 (Am. Ent. Sec); Heckton IMills,
May 31 (Fisher); Highspire, July 4 (Fisher). Maryland: (Liebeck). District
of Columbia: Washington (Hubbard & Schwarz). Virginia: June 12 (Nat.
Mus. Coll.). North Carolina: (Xat. Mus. Coll.); Cranberry, June 9 to 19;
Wilmington (Wenzel); Black Mountains (Van Dyke). South Carolina: (Lie-
beck). Georgia: (Liebeck); Clayton, 2,000 to 3,700 feet (Leng). Florida:
Jacksonville (Ashmead — Nat. Mus. Coll.); Key West (Leng). Ontario:
Toronto (Wickham). Illinois: (Liebeck), (Leng), (Snow); Cook Co., July
(Wickham). Iowa: Iowa City, May 26 (Wickham) ; Hoffman (Nat. Mus. Coll.) ;
Spirit Lake (Liebeck). Montana: (Leng Coll.). Dakota: (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.).
N'ebraska: (Liebeck Coll.); West Point, June (Nat. Mus. Coll.). Kansas:
Douglas Co. (Snow); Sahna (Knaus). Missouri: St. Louis (Nat. Mus. Coll.);
Fern Glen, June 12 (Wickham Coll.). Kineswick, May 20 (Nat. Mus.). Arkan-
sas: Hot Springs, May 28 (Horn Coll.), (Snow Coll). Louisiana: Vowell's
Mill (Leng Coll.). Texas: June (Nat. Mus. Coll.); Corpus Christi, May 12
(Schwarz); Dallas (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.), (Blanchard Coll.).
Var. nigrinus Blatchley
This name has recently been given by Blatchley to the entirely
black form. It is not uncommon and is likely to occur any-
where with the maculate forms.
Var. festivus new variety
Elytra entirely yellow except the shoulder knob, or with traces
of some of the standard spots, prothorax with the median line
and margin reddish yellow. The prothorax is typically more
transverse and less narrowed in front than in the usual form, and
the elytra are less coarsely punctate and less deeply striate at
sides. These specimens look considerably different from ordinar}^
luridus and may possibly be distinct, but intermediates are not
lacking.
Distribution. — Kansas: (Knaus), type 9 ; "Ks." (Nat. Mus. Coll.), Salina
(Snow). Nebraska: (Nat. Mus. Coll.), (Liebeck Coll.); Lincoln (Nat. Mus.
Coll.). Minnesota: Jackson Co. (W. S. Marshall— Nat. Mus. Coll.). Colo-
rado: (Hubbard & Schwarz), (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.). fWen/el). Arizona: (Leng
Coll.).
H. C. FALL 471
151. Pachybrachys vulnerosus new species
"\'ery similar to innUibilii; in all respects except as follows. Front black with-
out pale markings, prothorax with red side margins but without basal or other
spots; punctuation of prothorax decidedly sparser and evidently coarser, the
median smooth line wider, the red side margins nearly smooth or with but few
punctures; elytral punctures coarser and less numerous. The maculation of
the elytra is nearly as in the type of instabilis and consists of two small post-
humeral red spots arranged transversely, a large subcjuadrate j30st median spot,
close to this externally a small spot on the eighth interspace, the tip, an elong-
gate spot on the shield, and the epipleiu'al margin at base, red. The second,
third and eighth striae are entire, the latter strongh^ impressed and the mar-
ginal interspace convex, nearly as in instabilis.
Length 4.25 to 4.35 mm. ; width 2.5 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Santa Rita Mountains (Snow). Two very robust
females; type in my own collection, paratype in Snow collection.
It is quite probable that a larger series will show considerable
variation in maculation; the color difference between this species
and instnbilis given above may therefore prove unreliable; the
differences in punctuation however should easily separate them.
152. Pachybrachys instabilis new species
Black, variably marked with red or reddish yellow, the latter
color occasionall}" predominant in the male; surface moderately
shining, the prothorax with scarcely visible trace of alutaceous
sculpture. Eyes moderately distant; front without ocular lines;
front claws of male not appreciably enlarged. Ave. length 4
mm. Texas; Kansas.
Head black variegated with yellow or rufous, varying to entirely black;
moderately punctate. Eyes separated by twice the length of the basal joint
of the antennae in the male, and by about three times the length of the basal
joint in the female. Antennae black, more or less rufous toward the base,
about two-thirds the length of the body in the male and half the length of the
body in the female; tenth joint (o^) about two and one-half times as long as
wide.
Prothora.r strongly narrowed in front, widest very near the base, sides a little
more prominently rounded before the base in some males in which examples
the point of greatest width is less basal; punctuation moderately coarse, dense,
the median line wholly or in part narrowly smooth, side margins at most nar-
rowly and incompletely so; color black with side margins and two basal spots
red, varying to red with a median black stripe more or less dilated in front.
Elytra coarsely densely confusedly punctate baso-suturally, striate at sides
and rear, striae moderately imi)ressed, eighth with subbasal interruj^tion, mar-
ginal interspace impimctate or with a few punctures toward the base (9);
shield undeveloped; color varj-ing from red or reddisli yellow with the outer
TRANS . AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
472 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
standard spots distinct, the inner ones more or less confluent, to entirely black;
often black with an apical red spot or vitta extending forward a variable dis-
tance.
Pygidium, body beneath and legs black.
Length 3.5 to 4.5 mm.; width 1.9 to 2.6 mm.
Distribution. — Texas: Sparingly represented in most of the larger collections;
with a single exception — "Round Mt." (Wenzel Coll.) — all examples, including
the type female, bear simply the label "Tex.," or "S. W. Tex." Kansas:
(Horn Coll.). Oklahoma: Stillwater (Nat. Mus. Coll.); a variety, almost
entirely pale, is somewhat doubtfully referred.
This species goes as subviUatus in some collections, and in others
as hybridus. It is in most of its color forms exactly intermediate
between the two. From hybridus it may be distinguished with
certainty by the small front claws of the male; it is also more
robust, the prothorax is as a rule more densely and a little more
coarsely punctate and the antennae are much less slender and
elongate. Some males of instabilis approach subviUatus in
color and markings, but the latter is truly yellow with a dis-
tinctly shorter prothorax which is trivittate, the median vitta
divided in front, and the legs are pale.
153. Pachybrachys hybridus Suffrian
Black; prothorax red, varying to black with red side margins,
moderately shining. Eyes separated in the male by one and one-
third (more or less) times the length of the basal antennal joint,
and by about twice the length of the basal joint in the female;
ocular lines wanting; front claws of male very large. Ave. length
3.75 mm. California and Texas.
Head moderately punctate; eyes not at all prominent, separated in the
male by a distance subequal to the vertical width of their upper lobes. Anten-
nae very long and thin, nearly as long as the entire body in the male, black,
more or less reddish brown toward the base, tenth joint four times as long as
wide in the male and three times as long as wide in the female.
Prothorax moderately long, rather strongly narrowed in front, widest before
.the base, sides rounded in basally; punctuation fairly close, median line nar-
rowly incompletely smooth, side margins narrowly subimpunctate, expecially
posteriorly.
Elytra coarsely confusedly punctured in a rather large baso-sut m-al triangle,
striate more or less irregularly at sides and rear, the striae moderately im-
pressed; shield small but evident, marginal interspace with a few punctures
near the subbasal interruption of the eighth stria.
Length 3.3 to 4.2 nun.; width l.S to 2.3 nun.
H. C. FALL 473
Distribution.— Calif or nin: San Diego, May 14; Pomona, May 13; Arrowhead,
Mar. 31; Los Gatos (Hubbard k Schwarz); Lo8 Angolos Co. (Coquillett), San
Bernardino Co., and Santa Clara Co. (Koebele); Alameda Co. (Horn Coll.);
Fairfax, Marin Co., June 10 (Van Dyke). Lower California: ETisenada (Beyer).
New Mexico: Near Las Vegas Hot Springs, 1 9 , identity doubtful (Snow Coll.).
Texas; Round Mountain (Wenzel Coll.); "Tex." Collected by Belfrage, Le-
Conte, Horn, Nat. Mus. and other collections, l)ut always without indication
of exact locality.
About the only notal)le variation cxhiljited by this species is
in the color of the prothorax. This varies from fairly l:)right to
dark blood red, and may l)e entirely without darker shades, quite
often, however, the anterior margin is blackish at the middle, this
color showing a tendency to spread Ixickward even to the base.
Rarely the entire surface except the side margins is black. The
surface of the prothorax is sometimes barely visibly alutaceous,
and at others quite evidently, though very finely so.
154. Pachybrachys discoideus Bowditch
Black, head and legs sometimes spotted with white or pale yel-
low; prothorax rarely entirely black, usually with side margins,
front margin in part, and short median anterior line yellowish
white; elytra orange red with wide lilack sutural stripe not at-
taining the apex; eyes in males separated by very little more than
the length of the basal antennal joint; front claws of male large.
Ave. length 3.4 mm. Florida; District of Columbia.
Head not wider than the thoracic apex, rather sparsely punctate, black with
small whitish spots which are larger in the male, in which the front may be
described as yellowish white with broad black tyi)ical markings. Eyes dis-
tinctly more approximate in the male than the vertical width of their upper
lobes, and in the female slightly more distant than the width of their upper
lobes, or by a little less than twice the length of the basal antennal joint. An-
tennae (d") about three-fourths, or ( 9 ) about one-half the length of the body,
the tenth joint in the male fully three times as long as wide, basal joint and
outer joints blackish, intermediate joints pale.
Prothorax strongly narrowed in front, sid(>s as seen from above nearly
straight or even faintly sinuate anteriorly, ])unct nation not close, rather fine,
side margins smooth, surface semi-shining. The color may be described as in
the above diagnosis, or as yellowish white with heavily suffused black M, leav-
ing the side margins, front margin in part and fre(]uently some smaller discal
spots pale; of the latter the short median line in front, and more rarely two
small basal sjiots are most noticeable.
Elytra with confused punctiu-es in the ba-n-sutiu-al region, elsewhere with
the punctures serially or sub-s(>rially arranged in unimi)ressed lines, the eighth
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLl.
474 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
stria slightly impressed and more regular, as usual. Shield not noticeable; mar-
ginal interspace wide and with a few punctures, especially near the base.
Pygidiuvi and body beneath entireh' black. Legs sometimes entirely black,
front thighs often with a whitish spot in front, hind thighs sometimes with
white base and tip, middle thighs more rarely so.
Length 3 to 3.7 mm. ; width 1.7 to 2.2 mm.
Distribution. — Florida: Enterprise, April and May (many collections);
Haulover, March and Tampa, April (Hubbard & Schwarz); Melbourne, March
(Liebeck Coll.); Key West and Green Cove Spring (Leng Coll.); Estero, May
6 to 12 (Van Duzee — Wickham Coll.); Jacksonville; Bellaire. District of
Columbia: Washington (Linell — Xat. Mus. Coll.).
Bowditch describes under the name discoideus a unique female
from "P. Orange," Florida, from the Snow Collection, in which
the type remains. I am unable to discover in the description any
good reason for separating this from limhatus Newm. to which its
author declares it is allied, but without giving any distinctive
characters; and inasmuch as Newman's name is preoccupied,
discoideus becomes the name of the species.
155. Pachybrachys marginatus Bowditch
Black, front sometimes with two or three small reddish spots; prothorax and
elytra with a wide red border which may be partially interrupted at the elytral
convexity, and in one male is completely so. The surface lustre though aluta-
ceous is — at least in some examples — less dull and opaque than in cruentus,
the eyes a trifle more distant (though this also is not constant), the prothorax
with evident smooth median line, the legs uniformly black throughout, form,
size and sculpture otherwise almost j^recisely as in cruentus.
Distribution. — Arizona: Prescott (Bowditch Coll.), type; \Mlliams May 29
to 31 (Barber & Schwarz); Ariz. (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.).
The following variety looks quite different from the typical
form and might easily be taken for a distinct species.
Var. sanguineus new variety
Upper surface entirely dull red except for three small basal spots on the
prothorax, the scutellum and sutural bead of the elytra, black; otherwise as in
the typical form. In one example there are two vague sutural dusky clouds
on the elytra.
Distribution. — Arizona: Chiricahua Mountains, June 4 to 6 (V. L. Clemence),
type female, same locahty, June 2 (Hubbard & Schwarz); Santa Rita Moun-
tains, May (Hubbard & Schwarz); Williams, June 16 (H. A. Wenzel): "Ari."
(Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.), (Liebeck Coll.).
In both forms of this species the elytral punctuation — espe-
cially in the female — seems a bit finer than in cruentus, with the
punctures slightly elongate. All specimens show the impunctate
median line on the prothorax, while in no example of cruentus
before me is it at all distinct, though LeConte mentions such a
H. C. FALL 475
variety. Marginatus is not especially related to limbatus Newm.
( = discoideus Bowd.), with which Bowditch affiliates it in his de-
scription.
156. Pachybrachys cruentus LeConte
Black, elytra with a broad red margin occupying the outer
half and interrupted at the convexity; elytral punctuation mostly
confused, one or two lateral striae only distinct and entire, the
interval between the seventh and eighth somewhat more convex;
front without ocular hnes; front claws of male not appreciably
enlarged. Ave. length 3.5 mm. Texas.
Head and thorax dull, opaque, front between the eyes broadly feebly im-
pressed along the median line, ])unctuation moderate; eyes separated by one
and one-half to one and three-fourths times the length of the basal antennal
joint in the male and by about twice the length of the basal joint in the female.
Antennae moderate, dull yellowish with the basal joint in part, and the outer
joints, blackish; tenth joint a little more than twice as long as wide in the male.
Prothorax quite strongly narrowed in front, sides broadly arcuate, punctua-
tion not very coarse and only moderately close, a little uneven, with at most
only a trace of a median impunctate line; side margins not distinctly smoother.
Elytra more coarsely pimctured than the prothorax, the punctures broadly
confused on the disk, the two lateral striae more or less distinct and a little
impressed, decUvity with the punctures usualty a little finer, in part subserially
arranged but not in impressed lines; shield wanting; marginal interspace im-
punctate or nearly so.
Pygidium, body beneath and legs black, the femora sometimes brownish at
base.
Length 3 to 4 mm.; width 1.6 to 2.1 mm.
Distribution. — Texas: The type, and most of the few specimens seen were
collected by Belfrage. "P. Saddle" (Leng Coll.).
This species is readily recognized by the color, which is appar-
ently quite constant. The elytra might with ecjual propriety be
described as red with a broad black sutural stripe which is con-
nected at the convexity with a marginal spot. It is very nearly
related to marginatus, which see for a statement of difTerenccs.
It seems to be somewhat scarce and is very sparingly represented
in collections.
157. Pachybrachys dilatatus SulTrian
Black, prothorax with sides and elytra with a large median
subquadrate spot extending from the side margin two-thirds to
suture, and an apical spot, red; prothorax finely rather sparsely
TRAXS. A.M. EXT. SOC, XLI.
476 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
punctate, lustre dull; elytra semi-shining, more coarsely punctate,
the punctures serially or subserially arranged except in a baso-
sutural triangle. Ave. length 3.5 mm. Georgia.
Head moderately punctate, ocular lines wanting, eyes separated in the female
by about twice the length of the basal antennal joint; antennae piceous to
brownish yellow, base and apex darker.
Prothorax moderately transverse, widest and rather strongly rounded a little
in advance of the base, punctuation rather fine and sparse, sides with red mar-
gin narrower behind.
Elytra robust, confusedly punctured baso-suturally, elsewhere with punc-
tures arranged in lightly to moderately impressed lines, which are more or less
sinuous or uneven medially; shield indistinct; marginal interspace punctured
in basal half.
Legs black or nearly so throughout.
Length 3.7 mm.; width 2.1 mm.
Distribution. — Georgia: St. Catherine's Island, April 19 (Hubbard & Schwarz).
Two females only have been seen in addition to the Suffrian type kindly loaned
me by Dr. Taschenberg. The true dilatatus has hitherto remained completely
unknown in American collections although the name has in numerous collec-
tions been applied to specimens of subfasciatiis.
158. Paehybrachys hepaticus Melsheimer
Gray bro^vn, yello^v broAvn or brownish yellow, more or less
obscurely maculate or clouded with darker brown or fuscous, a
subapical sutural spot usually more or less conspicuous; integu-
ments densely diffusely punctate but shining, elytra with a more
or less distinct submarginal stria. Eyes small and very remote,
front without ocular lines; antennae short; front thighs not
stouter, tibiae completely unarmed at tip, front claws of male not
at all larger than those of the middle and hind feet. Ave. length
2.5 mm. United States and southern Canada.
Head densely evenly punctate, eyes small, separated by one and one-half to
two times their own vertical length, nearly as widely distant in the male as m
the female. Antennae about half the length of the body in the male, scarcely
passing the hind angles of the thorax in the female, tenth joint scarcely twice
as long as wide.
Prothorax moderately transverse, sides moderately arcuately convergent
from the base in the typical form, often widest more or less in front of the base
in southern and western specimens; jnmctuation dense and evenly distributed,
usually slightly sparser along the lateral margins; darker shadings obscure and
indefinite.
Elytra more or less densely confusedly punctate, usually with a well defined
submarginal stria which is more or less impressed and occasionally with a sec-
ond fainter and incomplete stria interiorly adjacent; marginal interspace paler
yellow without shading, and varying from imjiunctate to numeroush' punc-
tured; shield wanting.
H. C. FALL 477
PijgiiHurn variable in color, the tip often paler; body beneath dark brown,
last ventral paler at sides; legs brownish yellow, the femora often with diffuse
darker rings, tibiae dusky apically.
Length 1.9-3.4 mm.; width 1.5-1.9 mm.
Distrihulion. — ^Melsheimer's type was from Pennsylvania. The following
localities are known to me or are reported on credible authority. New Hamp-
shire: Farmington. Massachusetts: Wakefield, July 18. Connecticut: (Leng
Coll.). Xew York: (Leng Coll.). Xew Jersey: Delaware Water Gap (Lie-
beck); Anglesea, July 5 (Wenzel). Georgia: (Liebeck), (Xat. Mus. Coll.);
Tybee Island, June 29 (Wenzel). Florida: (Liebeck Coll.); Cedar Keys, June
6 (Hubbard & Schwarz) ; Jacksonville (Van Dyke Coll.). Alabama: Oak Grove
July 21 (Loding). Louisiana: Xew Orleans, June 13 (Soltau Coll.). Ohio:
Cincinnati (Dury). Michigan: Detroit, Monroe, and Marquette, Aug. 1.
(Hubbard & Schwai'z). Wisconsin: Bayfield (Wickham). Canada: Mon-
treal, May 24 (Liebeck Coll.) ; Toronto (Crew) ; Scotia Junction, July 27 (Wen-
zel); Brandon, Manitoba (Wickham). Kansas: Salina (Knaus). Texas:
Luling; Columbus, 'Slay IS (Hubbard & Schwarz); Flatonia July 3C (Wenzel);
Brownsville, May 23 (H. S. Barber), (Schaeffer); "Tex" (Nat. Mus. & Snow
Colls.). Colorado: Gunnison (Baker) ; Ft. Collins, July 4 (Wickham) ; Colorado
Springs, June 15 (Wickham); Denver, Oct. 20 (Soltau); Lorimer Co. (Leng
Coll.); "Col" (Snow). Wyoming: Owl Creek, Aug. 29 (Currie— Nat. Mus.
Coll.). Utah: Salt Lake, June 13 (Hubbard & Schwarz). New Mexico:
Silver City (Dury); near Las Vegas Hot Springs (Snow); S. W. Truchas Peak
above timber line, Aug.- 4 (Cockerell). Arizona: Pearce, Maj^ 18 (Clemence);
Santa Rita Mountains, May 6 (Hubbard & Schwarz); Globe (Wickham);
Huachuca Mountains, July 4 (Wenzel); "Ari" (Morrison), (Liebeck). Cali-
Jornia: Santa Cruz, July 30; Monterey, July 12 (Schwarz); Tehachai^i (Wick-
ham); Los Angeles (Horn Coll.); Los Angeles Co. (Van Dyke), (Coquillett).
The most widely distributed species in our fauna. It occurs
in almost every part of the United States and extends — I know
not how far — into Alexico. Specimens in the Nat. Mus. Coll.
labeled pinguis Suffr. Ijy Mr. Schwarz and doubtless correctly so,
are not different from some of our own which there seems to be no
reason to hold as distinct from hepaticus. Practically every
detail of structure, sculpture and color is more or less variable but
the larger material one has to work with, the more difficult it be-
comes to draw any lines that will serve to separate varieties or
races, and in only a single instance have I thought it worth while
to do so. In its unincrassate anterior femora and entire absence
of tibial spurs hepaticus agrees with microps alone among our
species, and these two may be regarded on this account as deserv-
ing of subgeneric separation, but scarcely more than that I think,
for these structm'os are not entirely constant elsewhere in the
genus. The antennae are excei)tionally short, nearly as in
TRANS. A.M. E.NT. SOC, XLI.
478 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
microps though rather less incrassate apically. The maculation
of the head and prothorax is nearly always very vague, but on
the elytra varies from distinctly and rather sharply defined to
almost entirely wanting. It consists here of a series of spots or
clouds extending along and interiorly adjacent to the lateral stria
and within these a discal series or group usually more or less
indefinite in outline and often suffusedly confluent. The tip of
the humeral umbo is almost always dark and a common sub-
apical sutural spot is rarely lacking. The relative dimensions of
the tarsal joints show a considerable amount of variation, the
basal joint of the front tarsi — e. g. — l)eing distinctly longer than
wide, the terminal joint not or but slightly longer than the basal
one in eastern specimens, while in some examples (not all) from
California and Arizona the basal joint is as wide as or even wider
than long, and the terminal joint is as long as the first two joints
combined. This disparity, however, seems gradational and I
have not as yet been able to base a separation on it.
The following form or variety seems sufficiently well marked
to merit a name and may indeed be specifically distinct.
Var. heteroderus new variety
Larger than average hcpaticus, head and prothorax brown, elytra dull ochre-
ous, thickly brown punctate, with a dark brown stripe consisting of the fused
lateral spots along the submarginal stria, the submarginal interspace clear
ochreous and more convex; a common sutural spot. Prothorax inflated and
widest at or slightly in advance of the middle; very densely punctate to the
extreme margin, the punctures a little coarser than on the elytra. Basal joint
of front tarsi as wide as long, the claw joint subequal in length to the basal two
joints.
Length 2.7 to 3.7 mm.; width 1.4 to 2 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Peach Springs, Aug. 25, collected by Wickluim,
type female; Prescott (Van Dyke Coll.).
The form of the prothorax is quite remarkable and constitutes
the chief distinguishing character of this form. There is a certain
amount of instability in prothoracic outline in the series of
hepaticus at hand, but nothing that approaches very closel}^ to
the present extreme.
159. Pachybrachys microps n(>w species
Black, with a few very small barely detectable obscure rufous
spots or shades near the margins of the j^rothorax and elytra;
punctuation throughout extremely dense but not very coarse,
H. C. FALL 479
uniformly diffused without trace of serial arrangement at any
part; lustre dull; eyes small, very remote, front without ocular
lines; front thighs not stouter, all the tibiae without apical spurs,
front claws of male not enlarged. Ave. length 3.1 mm. Arizona.
Head evenly very densely punctate, one or two minute obscure rufous flecks.
Eyes very small, separated by rather more than twice their vertical length in
the male. Antennae short, subclavate, black, brownish rufous toward the
base, barely or scarcely half the length of the body (cf), tenth joint less than
twice as long as wide.
Prolhorux moderately transverse, somewhat narrowed in front, sides l)roadly
arcuate.
Elytra uniformly very denselj' punctate throughout, the narrow interspaces
between the punctures fineh^ wrinkled.
Femora black, tibiae and tarsi brownish.
Length 2.9 to 3.35 mm.; width 1.45 to 1.85 mm.
Distribution. — Arizona: Santa Rita Mountains, May 30 (Hubbard &
Schwarz), type male in Nat. Mus. Coll.; WiUiams (Wickham).
Two males only of this remarkable species have been seen. It
is most nearly related to hepaticus, with which it agrees in its
small very distant e^ves and crural structure, and which is not
unlike it in its short feebly incrassate antennae.
Biological Notes
Very little is known, or at least published, concerning the
food plants, habits, etc., of our species of Pachybrachys. An ap-
peal to Air. Schwarz for any data known to him or possessed by
the Bureau of Entomology at Washington, brought the following
reply. "The species of Pachybrachys are so troublesome because
most of our eastern species, and apparently also many of our
western ones, do not appear to have any definite food plant in the
imago state, and because their larvae (which unquestionably are
all sac-bearers) are so difficult to find, and do not feed upon the
foliage of plants. In fact Mr. Barber and myself have bred only
a single species, P. tridens, from larvae found crawling under old
leaves on the ground. The imago of P. tridens is also the only
eastern species which seems to have a definite food plant, viz. —
Rhus toxicodendron. Some of the larger species found by Barber
and Schwarz at Williams, Ariz., occurred exclusively on Pinus
engebnanni, and some of the smaller species from the desert region
of Arizona have also definite food plants, but I failed to obtain
the names of these plants from the poor specimens I gathered.
TR.\NS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
480 A3IERICAX PACHYBRACHTS (cOLEOPTERa'i
There are no biological notes on this genus at the Bureau of
Entomolog\- in Washington, none of the species ha^-ing ever
acquired an economic importance."
Among the thousands of specimens sent me for study, there
are occasional examples bearing the name of the plant on which
they were found. These may signify much, or little, as the case
may be : I give them, however, for what they are worth. To these
I add such published records of habits or occurrence as seem
fairly reliable, but it is probable that some of these are based on
erroneous identifications. For convenience of reference the
species are arranged in alphabetical order.
atomariu-s. On Ceanothm (Smith Ins. of Xew Jersey): [it is doubtful if the
species obsened was the true atomarius]. Occurs on the foUage of the
greater ragweed, wahoo and other plants. (Blatchley — writing of infaustus).
biritiatu-s. Willow (Van Dykej: on leaves of peppermint and grass in low
moist localities (Blatchley). I have many times beaten the species from
willows in southern California.
huUalus. On gooseberry at Williams. Arizona (barber «Sc Schwarz).
calidus. On Acacia greggii 'Hubbard & Schwarz).
carbonarius. Beating oak and sweeping herbage (;Blaichley).
confusus. Swept from vegetation near margin of cj-press swamp. 'Blatchley) .
jemomtm. On Carya (Baldeman), [identity doubtful]. On oak at Mobile,
Alabama (Lodingt.
Var. aquilonis. Beating oak at Framingham. Mass. (Frost).
fuscipes var. purgatus. On Pinus ponderosa at Williams. Arizona Barber and
Schwarz).
hybridus. On wild rose, Marin Co., California (\'an Dyke).
lirem. On Salve (LeConte;.
luridus. On Baptisia leucardha (Blatchley); on Ceanothus americanus, and on
Baptisia tindoria (Woodruff).
lu-strans. On Ceanothus (S'an Ih-ke).
melanostictus. On willows at San Jose, California (Mrs. A. C. Bush— Nat.
Mus. CoU.).
m-nigrum. "Sweeping herbage."
nobUi4. On Pinus ponderosa at Williams, Arizona, 'barber & Schwarz).
obsoletus. On black locust , Central Missouri. (C. V. Riley— Xat . Mus. Coll.) .
othonus. Sweeping herbage (Blatchleyj; on Carex sp. and on Fraxinus ameri-
canus at Litchfield, Connecticut (WoodruffK
peccan-s. On Prunus virginicus, Long Island, New York (Woodniff). On
flowers of Rumex acetosella—al'^o sweeping grass (Frost).
praedarus. Beaten from hazel 'Blatchley).
prosopis. On Prosopis juliflora, Death Valley. California (^Koebele;.
roboris. On Quercus hicolor near New York City (Woodruff;. On flowers of
wild hydrangea and Jersey Tea (Ceanothm) (Blatchley— .spMwan ?/-?;.
sobrinus'. On black locust, Central Missouri (C. V. Rfley— Xat. Mus. CoU.).
subfasciaius. Sweeping herbage in low places (Blatchley).
H. C. FALL 481
texanus. On ebony at BrownsA-ille, Texas 'A. B. Wolcotx .
trident. On Rhu.i toxicodendron 'Schwarzj. On sumac, poison vry when in
bloom and on Ceanothu-i 'J. B. Smithi. On hickon.*. elm and many herbs
along roadsides (Blatchlej-). On Rhus radicans; iBamilton.
trinotatus. OnBaptisia and Ce/mothoM (Smith — Ins. of X. J... On flower? of
Jeisey Tea. rBlatchley).
raricolor. On Abu-s concolor at Williams, Arizona ^Barber <k Schwarz .
Bibliography and Synonymy
Xo effort has been made to make the follow-ing bibliography
complete, but it will. I think, be :" ' ' M the
useful references. So many of " later
citations are based on erroneous determinations, or are open to
suspicion, that I hare even hesita" ' " .' giving ; " _ re
than original references.
The following three papers are all that have attempted to deal
with our Xorth American fauna in a systematic manner.
Haldeman. Jour. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila.. 2d series, i. 1S49,
pp. 257-263.
Su£frian. Linn. Ent.. vii. ISoS. pp. 138-23S.
LeConte. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Phila.. viii. l&SO. pp. 205-209.
PACHYBRACHYS Chevrolat
Dejean, Catalog. 3d Edit., 1S34.
1. P. pucescen.s Oliv. iCryptocephalus . Ent. vi. p. S20. n. 61, tab. vi. fig. 91:
Kirby in Richardson's Faima Boreali-Amer.. p. 20S. n. 277; SuSrian,
linn. Ent., \-ii, p. 14S.
morosus Hald.. Jour. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila.. 2d series, i. p. 260: LeConte
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Phila.. A-iii. p. 205: Blatchley, Coleoptera of
Indiana, p. 1127.
2. P. haematode-s Snffr., loc. cit.. p. 1-50: Jacoby. Biol. Cent.-Amer.. Coleop.,
A-i. Pan i, p. 64, plate iv. fig. 11.
3. P. integratus n. sp.
4. P. connexu-s n. sp.
5. P. riffilan^ n. sp.
6. P. irickhami Bowd.. Can. Ent.. xli. p. 2:38.
7. P. ihoracicus Jac. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Coleop.. -sn. Part i. Suppl., p. 136.
plate xxxA'iii. fig. 23.
S. P. analis Lee. Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila.. 1S61. p. 3-57.
9. P. desertus n. sp.
10. P. xanii Crotch. Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila.. 1S73. p. 32: LeConte. loc.
cit., p. 205.
11. P. marmoratus Jac. Biol. Cent.-Amer.. Coleop.. vi. Part i. Suppl.. p.
14S. plate xxxi.x. fig. 10.
TRAXS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
482 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
12. P. donneri Crotch, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, v, p. 78; LeConte, loc. cit., p,
205.
13. P. uteanus n. sp.
14. P. brunneus Bowd., Can. Ent., xli, p. 238.
15. P. purus n. sp.
16. P. mellitus Bowd., Can. Ent., xli, p. 241.
17. P. xantholucens n. sp.
18. P.jacobyi Bowd., Can. Ent., xli, p. 240.
19. P. densus Bowd., Ibid., p. 242.
20. P. immaculatus Jac, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Coleop., vi., Part i, SuppL, p. 148.
21. P. insidiosus n. sp.
22. P. marginipennis Bowd., Can. Ent., xli., p. 285.
23. P. punctatus Bowd., Ibid., p. 285.
var. shasta Bowd., Can. Ent., xlii, p. 56.
24. P. convictus n. sp.
25. P. arizonensis Bowd., Can. Ent., xli, p. 286.
26. P. lodingi Bowd., Ibid., p. 243.
27. P. placidus n. sp.
28. P. livens Lee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 84.
29. P. mercurialis n. sp.
30. P. parvinotatus n. sp.
31. P. 7niiis n. sp.
32. P. coloradensis Bowd., Can. Ent., xli, p. 242.
sevier Bowd., Ibid., p. 315.
33. P. minor Bowd., Ibid., p. 243.
34. P. nero Bowd., Ibid., p. 315.
35. P. pelronius n. sp.
36. P. tacitus n. sp.
37. P. abdominnlis Say {Cryptocephalus), Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii,
p. 437; Hald., loc. cit., p. 263; Suffr., loc. cit., p. 211; Blatchley, Coleop.
Indiana, p. 1129 (probably an error in identification).
38. P. diver sus n. sp.
39. P. pusillus Bowd., Can. Ent., xli, p. 317.
40. P. macronychus n. sp.
41. P. crassus Bowd., Can. Ent., xh, p. 290.
42. P. longus Bowd., Ibid., p. 313.
43. P. bidlatus n. sp.
44. P. texanus Bowd., Can. Ent., xli, p. 316.
45. P. uncinatus n. sp.
46. P. pecloralis Melsh {Cryptocephalus), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii,
p. 171; Hald., loc. cit., p. 263; Suffrian, loc. cit., p. 187.
47. P. sobrinus Hald., loc. cit., p. 262.
pedoralisX Suffr., loc. cit., p. 187.
oculatus Suffr.? loc. cit., p. 178.
sticticus Blatchley, Coleop. Indiana, p. 1130.
48. P. contradifrons n. sp.
49. P. alacris n. sp.
H. C. FALL 483
50. P. chaoticus ii. sp.
51. P. pelkitus n. sp.
52. P. peninsularis n. sp.
53. P. turgidicoUis n. sp.
54. P. illeclus n. sp.
55. P. proximus Bowd., Can. Ent., xli, p. 3L3.
56. P. nunenmacheri n. sp.
57. P. forlis n. sp.
58. P. fenioratus Oliv. {Cryploccphalus), Ent., vi, p. SIO, n. 44, tab. v,
fig. 78; Hald., loc. cit., p. 261; Suffr., loc. cit., p. 173; LeConte, loc.
cit., p. 208; Blatchley, Colcop. Indiana, p. 1131.
sparsus Newm. (Cryptocephalus) , Entomologist, 1841, p. 78.
var. aquilonis n. var.
59. P. characterisiicus Suffr., loc. cit., p. 176, Bowditch, Ent. News, xix,
p. 217.
60. P. siihfascialus Lee, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., i, p. 173, pi. xi, fig. 20;
Hald., loc. cit., p. 260; Suffr., loc. cit., p. 166; LeContc, loc. cit.,
p. 209; Blatchley, Coleop. Indiana, p. 1130.
61. P. impurus Suffr., loc. cit., p. 186; Bowditch, Ent. News., xix, p. 217.
var. xanthias Suffr., loc. cit., p. 199; Linn. Ent., xii, p. 404.
var. umbrosus n. var.
62. P. calidus n. sp.
63. P. hrevicornis n. sp.
64. P. prosopis n. sp.
65. P. wenzeli n. sp.
66. P. snoivi Bowd., Can Ent., xli, p. 290.
67. P. turbidus Lee, loc. cit., p. 208.
68. P. laiicollis, Jac, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Coleop., vi, Part i, p. 72, plate iv,
fig. 16; also SuppL, p. 149.
69. P. duryi n. sp.
70. P. gracilipes n. sp.
71. P. confederatus n. sp.
72. P. tybeensis n. sp.
73. P. calcaratus n. sp.
74. P. cylindricus Bowd., Can. Ent., xli, p. 291.
75. P. notatus Bowd., Can. Ent., xlii, p. 53.
76. P. caelaius Lee. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 84.
77. P. brevicollis Lee., loc. cit., p. 208.
78. P. nubigenus n. sp.
79. P. punicus n. sp.
80. P. melanostidus Suffr., loc. cit., p. 191; Linn. Ent., xii, p. 403.
81. P. peccans Suffr., loc. cit., p. 192; Bowditch, Ent. News, xix, p. 217;
Blatchley, Coleop. Indiana, p. 1131.
82. P. signatifrons Mann., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc, ii, p. 311; Suffr., loc. cit.,
p. 167; Linn. Ent., xii, p. 401.
83. P. signaius Bowd., Can. Ent., xli, p. 288.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
484 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERa)
84. P. jjostfascialus n. sp.
85. P. vacillatus n. sp.
86. P. badius n. sp.
87. P. quadratus n. sp.
88. P. mohilis n. sp.
89. P. delumbis n. sp.
90. P. pluripundatus n. sp.
91. P. bajulus Suffr., loc. cit., p. 175; Jac, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Coleop., vi,
Part i, p. 66; also Suppl., p. 137.
92. P. nobilis n. sp.
93. P.fuscipes n. sp.
var. purgatus n. var.
94. P. saririta Bowd., loc. cit., p. 289.
95. P. atomarius Melsh. (Crypiocephalus), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii,
p. 170; Suffr., loc. cit., p. 171; Blatchley, Coleop. Indiana, p. 1129.
infaustus Hald., loc. cit., p. 262; Blatchley, loc. cit., p. 1131.
atomus Bowd., Can. Ent., xli, p. 319.
96. P. vesiigialis n. sp.
97. P. obfuscatus n. sp.
98. P. stygicus n. sp.
99. P. lachrymosus n. sp.
100. P. cephalicus n. sp.
var. dixianus n. var.
var. parvus n. var.
101. P. roboris n. sp.
102. P. spumarius Suffr., loc. cit., p. 179; Bowditch, Ent. News, xix, p. 217;
Blatchley, Coleop. Indiana, p. 1132 (perhaps wrongly identified).
103. P. relidus n. sp.
104. P. carolinensis Bowd., Can. Ent., xlii, p. 55.
105. P. luduosus Suffr., Linn. Ent., xii, p. 401.
106. P. varians Bowd., Can. Ent., xli, p. 321.
107. P. conformis Suffr., loc. cit., p. 205.
108. P. osceola n. sp.
109. P. quadri-ocidatus n. sp.
110. P. fradus n. sp.
111. P. truncatus Bowd., Can. Ent., xH, p. 314.
112. P. precarius n. sp.
113. P. nogalicus n. sp.
114. P. croftus Bowd., Can. Ent., xU, p. 322.
115. P. sonorensis Jac, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Coleop., vi, Pt. i, Suppl., p. 151.
116. P. varicolor Suffr., loc. cit., p. 153; Jac, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Coleop., vi,
Pt. i, p. 65, also Suppl., p. 137.
renidens Lee, loc cit., p. 208.
laevicollis Bowd., Can. Ent., xli, p. 322.
117. P. lusirans Lee, loc. cit., p. 208.
118. P. calif ornicus n. sp.
var. gagates n. var.
H. C. FALL 485
119. P. pingv£scens n. sp.
120. P. tridens Melsh. (jCryplocephalus), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, p.
172; Hald., loc. cit., p. 257 (not tridens Melsh.); Suffr., loc. cit., p. 184;
LeConte, loc. cit., p. 207; Blatchley, Coleop. Indiana, p. 1129.
7nollis Hald., loc. cit., p. 263; Suffrian, loc. cit., p. 22G.
vav. flavicornis Melsh., loc. cit., p. 172; Hald., loc. cit., p. 261; Suffr.,
loc. cit., p. 226.
121. P. ohsoletus Suffr., loc. cit., p. 200.
122. P. alticola n. sp.
123. P. lacvis Bowd., Can. Ent., xli, p. 316.
124. P. nuhilus Bowd., Ibid., p. 312.
125. P. conspirator n. sp.
126. P. subvittatus Lee, loc. cit., p. 208.
127. P. liebecki n. sp.
128. P. bivittatus Say (Cnjptocephalus) , Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, p. 440;
Am. Ent., pi. 28.; Hald., loc. cit., p. 259.
vidualus var.J Suffr., loc. cit., p. 156; Le Conte, loc. cit., p. 206; Bow-
ditch, Can. Ent., xix, p. 217; Blatchley, Coleop. Indiana, p. 1128.
albescens Suffr., Linn. Ent., xii, p. 404.
129. P. sublimatus n. sp.
130. P. circumcinctus Crotch, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1874, p. 79.
131. P. consimilis n. sp.
132. P. litigiosus Suffr., loc. cit., p. 217; Linn. Ent., xii, p. 408 (probably not
the true litigiosus); LeConte, loc. cit., p. 205; Blatchley, Coleop.
Indiana, p. 1127 (probably in error).
133. P. virgatus Lee, loc. cit., p. 205.
134. P. dubiosus Lee, loc. cit., p. 206.
135. P. pawnee n. sp.
136. P. vau n. sp.
137. P. mnbraculatus Suffr., loc. cit., p. 213; Jac, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Coleop,,
pt. i, p. 69, plate iv, fig. 14; Suppl., p. 143.
138. P. pallidipennis Suffr., Linn. Ent., xii, p. 406; Bowditch, Can Ent., xi.x,
p. 217.
striatus Lee, loc. cit., p. 205.
139. P. othonus Say {Cryptocephalus) , Am. Ent., ii, pi. 2; Hald., loc. cit., p.
263; Suffr., loc. cit., p. 219; LeConte, loc. cit., p. 206; Blatchley,
Coleop. Indiana, p. 1128.
marginaticollis Rand., Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., ii., p. 46; Suffr., loc. cit.,
p. 228.
140. P. praeclarus Weisc, Wien. Ent. Zeit., 1913, p. 219.
elegans \\ Blatch., loc. cit., p. 1127.
141. P. autolycus n. sp.
var. difficilis n. var.
var. tcahsatchensis n. var.
142. P. nigricornis Say {Cryptocephalus), Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, p.
436; Suffr., loc. cit., p. 161.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
486 AMERICAN PACHYBRACHYS (cOLEOPTERA)
143. P. carbonarius Hald., loc. cit., p. 260; Suffr., loc. cit., p. 159; LeConte,
loc. cit., p. 207; Blatchley, Coleop. Indiana, p. 1127.
var. janus n. var.
144. P. piciuratus Germ. {Crijptocephalus), Ins. nov., p. 560; Suffr., loc. cit.,
p. 209.
145. P. viduatus Fab. {Cryptocephalun), Syst. Eleuth., ii, p. 49; Hald., loc. cit.,
p. 259 (doubtless in error); Suffrian, loc. cit., p. 154; LeConte, loc. cit.,
p. 20Q=bwMatus Say; Bowditch, Can Ent., xix, p. 217.
146. P. m-nignim Melsh. {Cnjpiocephalus), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii,
p. 170; Hald., loc. cit., p. 261; Blatchley, Coleop. Indiana, p. 1128.
intricatus Suffr., loc. cit., p. 180; LeConte, loc. cit., p. 207.
147. P. trinotatus Melsh. {Cryptocephalus), ibid., p. 170; Hald., loc. cit., p.
164; Suffr., loc. cit., p. 164; LeConte, loc. cit., p. 207; Blatchley, Coleop.
Indiana, p. 1128.
148. P. pulvinatus Suffr., loc. cit., p. 151.
149. P. confusvs Bowd., Can. Ent., xli, p. 365 {proximus \\ p. 320).
150. P. luridus Fab. {Cryptocephalus), Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 109; Syst. Eleuth.,
ii, p. 45; Hald., loc. cit., p. 261; LeConte, loc. cit., p. 208; Blatchley,
Coleop. Indiana, p. 1130.
femoratus Say {Cryplocephalus), Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, p. 440.
aesculi Melsh. {Cryptocephalus), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, p. 171.
moerens Stal. Oefv. Kongl. Vet. Ak. Foerh., xiv, 1857, p. 63.
var. nigrinus Blatch., loc. cit., p. 1130.
var. festivus n. var.
151. P. vulnerosus n. sp.
152. P. instabilis n. sp.
153. P. hybridus Suffr., loc. cit., p. 157; LeConte, loc. cit., p. 206.
154. P. discoideus Bowd., Can. Ent., xh, p. 239.
limbatus \\ {Cryptocephalus), Newm., Mag. Nat. Hist., iv, p. 250; Hald.,
loc. cit., p. 258; Suffr., loc. cit., p. 226; LeConte, loc. cit., p. 206.
155. P. marginaius Bowd., Can. Ent., xli., p. 239.
var. sanguineus n. var.
156. P. cruentus Lee, loc. cit., p. 206.
157. P. dilatatus Suffr., loc. cit., p. 162; LeConte, loc. cit., p. 209; Blatchley,
Coleop. Indiana, p. 1131 { = subfasciatus Lee).
158. P. hepaticus Melsh. {Cryptocephalus), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii,
p. 171; Hald., loc. cit., p. 257; Suffr., loc. cit., p. 223; LeConte, loc.
cit., p. 209; Blatchley, Coleop Indiana, p. 1130.
punctatus Hald., loc. cit., p. 257; Suffr., loc. cit., p. 226.
var. heteroderus n. var.
159. P. microps n. sp.
CONTENTS
A Revision of the North American Species of Pachybrachys.
By H. C. Fall 291
(Issued September 27, 1915)
VOLUME XLI NUMBER 4
DECEMBER 1915
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
J^MH
!^n»n(^
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AT THE
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
PHILADELPHIA
SUBSCRIPTION PRICE FOUR DOLLARS PER VOLUME
F. C. BOWDITCH 487
NOTES ON SOME SOUTH AMERICAN HALTICIDAE
BY F. C. BOWDITCH
The Monoplatid division of the "Oedipodes" originally mono-
graphed by Mr. Hamlet Clark in 1860 has received since then
comparatively scant attention. Von Harold and the late ]\Ir.
Jacoby have both described some forms and both commented on
Mr. Clark's paper and the difficulties of determining to which
section certain forms might belong. Other authors have added
a few scattered species. About half of Clark's and Harold's and
nearly all of Jacoby's species are represented in my collection.
Very many unnamed forms are present, the most striking of
which I have given names to in hopes of drawing attention to
this neglected tribe. Some of my species will later go into new
genera, but rather than increase the genera (where there is already
so much uncertainty) , I have considered it better to squeeze them
into existing groups until more specimens are at hand and further
study made.
Mr. Jacoby ^ puts Hoinotyphus and Oinototus together under
the former name. It seems probable that Clark found difficulty
in his separation because in his work, page 124, he refers to H.
tuherculatus, meaning apparently 0. tuhercidatus, page 211, and on
page 212 he refers to O.fulginosus meaning H.ftdginosus, page 174;
a possible explanation being that after writing the paper referring
to the forms as above he shifted fulginosus from Oniototus to
Homotyphus and tuherculatus from Homotyphus to Omototus and
forgot to alter the text. At all events this supposition seems
reasonable and makes his references easily understood.
Mr. Jacoby's three species of Omototus, i. e., quadri-plagiatus,
rubripennis and rufolimbatus differ in general facies entirely from
many of the species of Homotyphus and the same may be said of
my iridipennis and rosenhergii, especially the latter. Homoty-
phus (Omotyphus) carinatus Jacoby- should be changed to
jacobyi as the former name was previously used by Jaco])y for
a species from San Esteban.
'Biol. Cent.-Amer., Coloopt., vi, pt. I, p. 470.
2 Biol. Cent.-Amer., Colcopt, vi, Supp., p. 323.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
X
488 SOUTH AMERICAN HALTICIDAE (cOLEOPTERA)
The types of all the forms herein described are in my collection.
Rhinotmetus similis nov. sj).
Usual elongate form; head, thorax and feet more or less rufous,
elytra blue black, with fine punctures arranged as striae, flavous
pubescent, a basal and submedian spot on each elytron denuded
and shining.
Type. — Merida, Venezuela (No. 398 green label). Second Jac.
coll. Length 5.5 mm.
Head with a longitudinal carina extending from the middle of the clypeus
up between the antennae, ending just above their insertion in a fine cross
groove, above which is a pair of longitudinal frontal tubercles, and then a fine
carina extending as far as the rear margin of the head, the rear part of which
is granulate, strigose, suffused with black; antennae filiform, extending to the
middle of elytra, black, the first four joints and the apical one sufTused rufous,
thorax in the usual form of this genus, much narrowed, rounded and depressed
in front; also obsoletely, longitudinally channeled, very obsoletely punctulate
behind at the angles and sparsely flavous pubescent; rufous, suffused down
the middle with blackish; scutellum fuscous rufous, elytral punctures, well
defined at base, entirely obsolete behind, an antemedian depression which is
obsolete at the suture but well marked where it curls up by the shoulder, gives
the appearance of a raised callous to the scutellar area; in the specimen before
me the rear denuded spot attains the margin, but it is probable that in fresh,
])erfect examples the pubescence covers the lateral edge, feet rufous with
tibiae and tarsi more or less black, claws bifid.
This species belongs near leptocephalus Perty, but is much
smaller.
Rhinotmetus trifasciata nov. sp.
Usual elongate form, head, thorax and feet more or less bright
flavous yellow, elytra shining blue black with three transverse
bands of flavous pubescence, ante and post median and apical,
the former with a branch encircling the shoulder and all attain-
ing the margin, the suture also narrowly pubescent.
Type.— Cachabe, Ecuador; low c, I, 1897, (Rosenberg). Length
6 mm.
Head sparsely flavous pubescent, more thickly round the eyes, anteriorly
flavous, becoming dark rufous towards the rear, clypeus wide, shining, tricari-
nate, broadly foveate on either side, the median carina continuing between
the antennae, when it parts into a Y frontal fovea, forming two smooth oblique
tubercles, rear portion of the head rough, strigose with fine punctures and finely
carinate nearly to the base, antennae black, filiform, short, reaching only
slightly below the elytral base; thorax shaped as usual in this genus, rounded
F. C. BOWDITCH 489
in front, margined, slightly transversely depressed behind; bright yellow,
clothed with fulvous pubescence, scutellum fulvous; elytra punctate striate,
well marked near the shoulders, faint on the disk and obsolete at the rear, a
faint depression gives prominence to the scutellar region, in addition to the
yellowish pubescence, the surface is sparsely sprinkled with long upright hairs
in longitudinal lines; body beneath dark rufous, legs bright yellow with tibiae
and tarsi very dark rufous, claws bifid.
Belongs near leptocephalus Perty.
Rhinotmetus marginatus nov. sp.
Usual elongate form, head black, thorax yellow, elytra blue
black, shining, suture and apex narrowly margined with yellow
pubescence, legs yellowy tarsi and tibiae more or less rufous.
Type. — Rio Janeiro, Brazil. Length 5 mm.
Head produced in front, very sparsely pubescent, clypeus broadly foveate
on each side, with a median carina which ends between the antennae in a
frontal Y fovea, forming two smooth shghtly oblique tubercles which end
about the middle of the eye, back of that the surface is closely rugose striate
with a fine smooth median carina which nearly reaches the base, antennae
short, dark, rufous at base (missing after the seventh joint); thorax very
finely punctulate and sparsely flavous pubescent, anteriorly compressed and
depressed as usual in the genus, also transversely depressed behind, sides
margined, subparallel behind and (viewed from behind) showing a faint angu-
lation just below the middle; scutellum dark rufous; eh^ra, mth a faint
antemedian depression, which becomes well marked when it curves up to the
base by the shoulders, punctate striate, at base and sides, becoming obsolete
beliind, interspaces very minutely alutaceous, with long hairs sparsely arranged
in longitudinal lines, body beneath blue black, anterior tibiae and tarsi more
or less suffused with dark rufous, claws bifid.
By its color it should be placed near sidcicoUis Clark, but none
of his species have the suture pubescent.
Rhinotmetus jacobyi nov. sp.
Usual form, head blackish rufous, thorax yellow, finely pubes-
cent, elytra black, deeply punctate striate, with a faint stripe of
yellowish pubescence, from the humerus oblicjuely to the suture,
following that until it reaches the decUvity at the rear, thence
curving in a semicircle to the apex, having a common rounded
ante-apical bare spot, body below and feet yellow.
Type. — Sta. Catharina, Brazil. Length 4 mm.
Clypeus smooth, shiny, with a strong median carina, ending between the
eyes in a Y fovea which makes two smooth frontal tubercles, rear of the head
closely rugosely i)unctate, tricarinate, the median reaching the base and the
others parallel to the eyes; the clypeus and tubercles are noticeably rufous;
TRAXS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
490 SOUTH AMERICAN HALTICIDAE (cOLEOPTERa)
antennae reaching below the middle of the elytra, (eleventh joint missing)
black, three basal joints rufous, the rest much elongate and transversely
dilated, thorax the usual form for the genus, slightly depressed transversely
behind and longitudinally in front at the middle, the surface dull with fine
punctures and yellow pubescence; scutellum dark fuscous; elytra deeply
punctate striate, becoming obsolete at apex, very lightly depressed before the
middle, the depression being slightly deeper at the shoulders, thus bringing
out the scutellar area, the elytra seem to be lightly pubescent everywhere
except the spot at the apex and the linear effect above spoken of is somewhat
one of light and shade, and is shown best when the specimen is viewed squarely
from above; also, especiallj^ at the sides, are a few scattered hairs arranged
longitudinally; body below and legs yellow, claws bifid.
The differently shaped antennae might throw this form into
some other place, but the shape of the thorax, etc., impels me to
keep it here; parvtdus Jac. has very transversely broad antennal
joints.
Rhinotmetus bruchii nov. sp.
Oblong, rather depressed, head, thorax, body beneath and legs
dull yellow, elytra ferruginous, with narrow antemedian and
postmedian transverse bands of dark pubescence and scattered
longitudinal markings of gray pubescence.
Type. — Province of Buenos Aires, Argentine. (C. Bruch.)
Length 2.5 mm.
Head not produced anteriorly, front and rear closely and finely jumctured and
with two small smooth tubercles, just back of the antennae, which latter are
short and stout, joints six to eleven thickened and transverse, thorax semi-
shining, with very fine punctures and minute pubescence, not as much nar-
rowed and depressed anteriorly as in many of the Brazilian forms, still enough
to bring it within the province of the genus, on each side back of the middle
is an oblique shallow depression; scutellum flavous pubescent, elytra strongly
punctate striate rather square across the shoulders and parallel sided, a faint
antemedian depression bringing out the scutellar region; of the two dark bands
the first is oblique forward, the second oblique backward tending to make a ^^
spot, the paler pubescence is mostly within the dark area. Claws appendicu-
late.
Seems to me near minutits Jac. by its antennae and claws.
The species was in the second Jaco])y Coll. No. 28c and has
been sent to me by Dr. Bruch ; all the specimens I have seen have
originated with him.
Tetragonotes rosenbergii nov. sj).
Elongate, flattened, nai'rowed posteriorly, black, labrum
fulvous piceous, sides of thorax, femora, (except the apex) the
F. C. BOWDITCfT 491
hind tibiae and tarsi wholly, and the middle partly, yellow, elytra
obsoletely on each edge about the middle and joints nine to eleven
of the antennae fulvous, elytra dull with microscopic pubescence,
only visibly punctate striate obsoletely at the base.
Type. — Cachabe, Ecuador; low c; XII, 1896, (Rosenberg).
Length 6 mm.
Clypeus with acute meilian carina, braiu^hins between the antennae into
two shiny obHque knobs, vertt>x and neck finely strigose; thorax elongate,
constricted in front so that the anterior angles are sub-prominent, sides
margined, hardly subangulatc before the middle, surface with a longitudinal
median depression which is broad and well marked in front, obsolete behind,
also an oblic|ue depression on either side near the base, surface sparsely punc-
tulate; scutel and elytral dull black, in certain light, traces of punctures
arranged in striae can be seen at the base, but only with a strong glass can
anything approaching striae be made out on the rest of the elj'tra, and then
it takes a good imagination. The lateral edge is sharp and marked with a
line of punctures; a needle point will make marks on the surface similar to a
finger removing the bloom from a plum. Body beneath shining black, legs
including the coxae and hind trochanters yellow, the anterior pair having the
apex of the femora, tibia and tarsi black, the middle pair having the same parts
dark but more or less rufous, and the hind pair having the apex of femora
inky black; claws simple, hind tibia with a single excurved spine.
A very aberrant form; one of the characteristics of the group
is punctate striate eh^tra and it is only by courtesy that this can
be so called, otherwise it seems to fit fairly well; it has a general
resemblance to fasciaticoUis Jac. from Costa Rica.
One example.
Tetragonotes sericeus nov. sjx
Elongate, rufous; palpi, antennae except the last joint, the
back part of the head and the scutellum black, body beneath and
tarsi more or less dark rufous, the thorax and elytra clothed with
very short golden pubescence.
Type. — Chaco, Bolivia (square green label). Length G mm.
Head with broad smooth clypeus, well carinated in the middle, frontal
tubercles strong, smooth, rufous, the color extentling in a smooth band to the
eye, vertex and neck finely punctulate; antennae filiform reaching a little
below the middle of the elytra, the seventh joint obviously dilated (a sex sign
as in Allochroma?) last four joints shortened, the eleventh pale flavous; the
thorax with the side angulation and anterior angles of Tetragonotes and the
anterior compression of Rhinotmetus, a well marked median line, nearly the
whole length, disk flattened anteriorly and with the rather obsolete fovea on
either side just back of the middle, all the angles dist inct ; elyt ra with punctures
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
492 SOUTH AMERICAN HALTICIDAE (cOLEOPTERa)
and stria almost entirely obscured by the pubescence, hind tibiae strongly
curved — claws appendiculate.
As in rosenbergii it is difficult to distinguish the striae on the
elytra.
One example.
Tetragonotes apicalis nov. sp.
Slender, elongate, head and thorax black, antennae black,
joints ten to eleven flavous, elytra dull orange, a common elon-
gate triangular spot at base, including the scutellinn and coming
to a fine point in the suture just back of the middle, and a com-
mon round apical spot, black, body beneath black, legs black,
with the base of the femora and base of the hind tibia flavous.
Type. — Cochabamba, Bolivia. (Germ.) Length 5 mm.
Clypeus wide, with well developed medium carina, and two shining frontal
tubercles between the eyes, vertex and neck dull, finely punctulate; antennae
filiform, seventh joint somewhat broadened (sexual difference?); thorax much
narrowed anteriorly but with distinct angles, all the angles minutely tipped
with rufous, finely and distinctly margined at the base, distinctly depressed
behind and at the sides, and broadly longitudinally sulcate, the sides making
two rather prominent antemedian humps which are shiny, remainder of sur-
face dull; elytra dull with short pubescence, black and yellow on their re-
spective colors; body beneath shining black, all the femora yellow at base,
also the hind tibiae remainder black; claws appendiculate.
As in rosenbergii the elytral striae are very vague.
One example.
Tetragonotes haroldi nov. sp.
Usual elongate form, bright honey yellow, paler beneath, e3'es,
tips of the mandibles, and joints three to nine of antennae rufous
black, upper surface opaque with fine pubescence.
Type. — Cachabe, Ecuador; low c, XII, 1896, (Rosenberg).
Length 4.5 mm.
Similar to the pale variety of T. oculatus Har. mentioned by
Jacoby,^ and it will suffice to point out the differences. Oculatus
is not a clear color, always muddy, the antennal joints are longer
and extend well onto the hind thighs, whereas haroldi barely
attain the middle of the elj^tra and the tibiae are not as curved
as in oculatus, in this respect ioWowing militari s Har., haroldi also
has the lateral edge of the elytra flatter, sharper and more cari-
nate than octdatus.
*Biol. Cent.-Amer., Coleopt., vi, p. 457.
F. C. BOWDITCH 493
Tetragonotes carinipennis nov. sp.
Elongate, usual form, dull j-ellow, head and thorax sutlused
with rufous, antennae and tarsi dark rufous, elytra with a well
marked carina from the shoulder to apex, becoming obsolete at
tip, about ten long stiff upright hairs on each carina.
Type.- — Cochabamba, Bolivia. (Germ.) Length 5 mm.
Head with broad clypeus and moderate median carina, jirominent frontal
tubercles and equate vertex; antennae long, filiform, lower joints shining, last
four or five pubescent, reaching well towards the end of the el^ira; thorax
with the usual median depression and a rather well marked side depression
in line with the angulation; elytra square shouldered, parallel sided and having
on each side two obsolete sub-costae occupying the third and fifth interstices,
the punctuation very fine and giving an opaque appearance, all the tibiae are
strongly curved as in octdatus Har.; the carina on the eh-tra decorated with
its long hairs makes this form easily recognized.
One example.
Tetragonotes truncatipennis nov. sp.
Elongate, testaceous yellow, antennae rufous, darkened to-
wards the end, tibiae and tarsi clouded with rufous, the hind
tibiae strongly curved, the anterior less so, elytra truncate wdth
sharp sutural angles, hind femora obtusely, broadly toothed
beneath.
Type. — Merida, Venezuela. Length 7 mm.
Clypeus square, broad, with a well marked median and obsolete side carina,
frontal tubercles large, smooth, inverted pear shaped, vertex and neck some-
what uneven and punctulate; antennae filiform, reaching nearly to middle of
elytra, joints seven to twelve shortened, scape relatively long and stout; thorax
in the regular form for the genus, shining, sparsely punctulate, depressed
transversely behind, broadly and flatly down the middle, a distinct round
foveate depression each side of the middle; eljira finely j)imctate striate,
obsolete at apex, the interstices finely alutaceous.
The swollen last joint of the hind tarsi is only moderate and
in relation to most of the species is analogous to that of Homo-
phoeta as compared to OedionycMs.
One example.
Physimerus spinosus nov. sp.
Olivaceous green, elytra strongly punctate striate, sparsely
pubescent and with long erect hairs, body below 3'ellowish,
tinged with green, joints seven to eight of antennae black, femora
of the anterior and middle legs strongly curved, the former with
TUANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
494 SOUTH AMERICAN HALTICIDAE (cOLEOPTERa)
two small acute teeth, one being on the trochanter joint, the
other alongside on the base of the femora, middle of hind tibiae
below with a long acute backward curved, spinous process.
Type. — Cachabe, Ecuador; low c, XII, 1896, (Rosenberg).
Length 3.5 mm.
Head vertical, with well markod frontal tubercles and a wide fovea, the
vertex with an obsolete smooth longitudinal carina; antennae reach below the
middle of the elytra; thorax elongate, quadrate, slightly constricted at rear,
with transverse, and oblique, side basal depressions, the latter well marked,
also a medium longitudinal fovea in front which in connection with the oblique
depressions brings out two well marked median calli; scutellum fulvous; elj'tra
with striae obsolete at tip, the lateral margin sharp and well defined, no visible
basal depression though the scutellar callous is obsoletely raised; the curvature
of the anterior femora is very strong at the basal half, the hind tibial spur is
sharply pointed, broad and stout at base and abruptly curved backward.
The structure of the legs might easily put this species in a new
genus, but both sexes ought to be in hand before it is done.
One example.
Phylacticus ephippium nov. sp.
Elongate, fulvous yellow, thorax with sides broadly black,
elytra punctate striate, obsoletely so at apex, finely pubescent,
a sub-basal and sub-median band, black, connected together at
the suture and sides, leaving a fulvous crescent shaped spot on
each elytron at the middle.
Type. — Cachabe, Ecuador; low c, XII, 1896, (Rosenberg).
Length 6 mm.
Clypeus smooth, shining, front with T carina showing four broad flattened
tubercles and an obsolete ridge above, on either side parallel with the eye, rest
of surface thickly punctate; antennae filiform, fulvous, (eleventh joint missing)
thorax quadrate, sides margined, very shghtly sinuate, all angles prominent,
surface almost equate, punctate, sparsely pubescent, faintly depressed behind,
both transversely and longitudinally; elytra with shoulders not prominent,
declivous and narrowed behind, a faint anti-median depression a little more
marked where it curls up to the shoulder, the black subbasal band is drawn
back from the scutel, having a triangular shaped yellow area which includes
the scutellum and the black is pushed forward and almost attains the base,
where it meets the black edge of the thorax. The whole surface is finely
pubescent which gives it a dull look, body beneath and legs yellow, claws
appendiculate.
The markings of the elytra recall Physimerus ephippium Clk.
and its allies.
One example.
F. C. BOWDITCH 495
Homotyphus (Omototus) rosenbergii nov. sp.
Stout, rufous, pubescent, thorax strongly narroweil from base
to apex, sides nearly straight, angles all prominent, hind obtuse,
elytra deeply punctate striate, smooth at apex, a wide dense
subbasal band of ashy sericeous pubescence extends nearh' to the
apex, beginning at about the apical quarter; the elytra! apex is as
clean as if trimmed with a knife, each elytron in a curve having
the apex smooth, and shining, also the base, body beneath, and
legs are polished rufous.
Type. — Cachabe, Ecuador: k)w c, I, 1897, (Rosenberg).
Length 6 mm.
Head with broad smooth transverse, ch'pcal groove and frontal tubercles,
and a smooth longitudinal carina on the vertex, remainder ])unctate pubescent;
antennae fairly well separated, short, stout, gradually incrassate to middle,
reaching just below the shoulder, the second joint globose, first and third
about equal and the longest of all; thorax with almost equate surface, dull,
punctate, pubescent, the base broadly sinuate; scutellum broad triangular;
eljrtra broad and stout, base emarginate, sinuate (fitting the thorax) a faint
transverse basal depression giving prominence to the scutellar region; the
pubescence from the depression to the smooth apical area is very dense and
thick, under the smooth surface the large punctures are regularly continued,
as well marked cells in longitudinal rows; front legs rather long and slender,
the middle femora with a small tooth near the base, the last joint of the tarsi
(especially noticeable in the anterior leg) deeply bilobed, hind femora very
stout, obtusely toothed near the apex, the tibia strongly curved at the base
dilated at the middle and straight, ending in a single strong tooth, claws
appendiculate.
It is with doul)t I include this form in Omofotus but the genus
is very nondescript at best, and at present it seems better to
enumerate the forms rather than increase the genera.
Homotyphus (Omototus) iridipennis nov. sj).
Entirely castaneous thrown, anterior tibia and tarsi and an-
tennae nearly black, elytra punctate striate, thinly clothetl with
flavous pubescence and with an obvious faint metallic gloss.
Type. — Cochabamba, Bolivia. (Germ.) Length a mm.
Clypeus with a strong inverted V carina, ending just above the antennae,
in a deep, short longitudinal fovea, which in turn ends in a tr,insverse groove,
vertex thickly and rather coarsely punctate; antennae filiform, n^aching the
middle of the elytra, third joint the longest of all except the first ; thorax
transverse, sides margined, faintly sinuate at middle, angles all prominent,
faintly depressed antemedianly and obsoletely so on each side b(>hind, surface
thickly punctate, didl; elytra with scutellar and humeral calli obsoletely
TRAXS. AM. KNT. SOC., XLI.
496 SOUTH AMERICAN HALTICIDAE (cOLEOPTERA)
developed, not transversely depressed, punctures distinct to apex, pubescence
very short, fine and siUcy and somewhat thicker at apex; four anterior tibiae
and tarsi very dark rufous, claws bifid.
This form together with quadri-plogiatus Jap., 7'iibripenms Jac,
and rufolimhatus Jac. seem to be closely allied.
One example.
Homotyphus boiivianus nov. »p.
Entirely reddish fulvous, darker in the very deep elytral de-
pression, the siu'face sparsely clothed with sericeous pubescence,
which is most noticeable on the disk and apex of the elytra, an-
tennae incrassate, thorax with a deep longitudinal fovea begin-
ning at or just back of the anterior edge and ending just back
of the middle.
Type. — Cochabamba, Bolivia. (Germ.) Length 2.25 mm.
Clypeus with a transverse carina, having a short branch in the middle
extending between the antennae, front with two well developed round tubercles
between the eyes, with a fovea between, rear part of head closely punctate;
antennae reaching a little below base of elytra, stout, incrassate, middle joints
darkened; thorax elongate, sides sub-angulate at middle (like Tetragonotes)
and rounded and depressed in front (like Rkinotmetus), ui:)per surface with a
deep oblique fovea on each side behind, running from the middle of the base
towards the anterior angles, the effect being to make in connection with the
median fovea, two high ridges which join behind the middle at a point; elytra
with punctures arranged in form of striae, obsolete behind, antemedian de-
pression is very marked and forms a strong callous on each side of the scutel-
lum, the claws are bifid.
An aberrant species and by the form of thorax a kind of con-
necting link.
One example.
Homotyphus crassus nov. sp.
Stout and parallel sided, general color rich brown, almost
black, with the head, thorax and base of elytra and scutellum
livened with shining yellow pubescence, antennae rufous, the joints
five, six, nine and eleven paler, tarsi, especially the posterior,
rufous, elytra spinous at base, behind the middle and near apex.
Type. — ^Cochabamba, Bolivia. (Germ.) Length 7 mm.
Front of head with a well marked ridge between the eyes, bisected by a
median groove running to the base and having on either side a well marked
fovea at the upper margin of the eye, surface finely closely punctate; antennae
approximate, reaching the middle of the elytra, joint three is slightly longer
than two; thorax transverse, nearly quadrate, sides compressed at rear, making
F. C. BOWDITCH 497
a slight angulation before the middle, anterior angles {jroininent, excurved,
tuberculiform (analogous to lacunosus Clk.) the upi)er surface rough with
humps and points like a Chlamys. There is a well marked median groove,
the sides of which form humps and ridges of which the most prominent are,
a small one on each side near the anterior margin, then back of the middle a
sharp carina on each side, nearly reaching the hind edge, and on each side,
about the middle is a large hump. Eljiira with a very deep antemedian
curved depression which brings the scutellar region and shoulder knobs into
great prominence, capped by short spines, curved backward, each elytron has
scattered back of the middle about six knobs with similar spines, including two
ante-apical near the suture, the whole surface is coarsely punctate striate, with
deep foveate punctures, the striae being much broken and obsolete back of
the basal depression; body beneath smooth shining black, legs black, the four
anterior femora more or less rufous at base and all more or less sericeous with
fine pubescence, claws appendiculate.
Near lacunosus Clk. and like spinipenjiis simulates a small
longicorn.
Two examples.
Homotyphus spinipennis nov. sp.
Elongate, subparallel, general color dark grayish brown with
the labrum, clypeus, antennae, coxae and a large spot on the
apex of the posterior femora rufous, an indefinite transverse band
across the apex of the elytra rather sparsely fulvous pubescent,
a row of six or eight small spines arranged across the base of the
elytra and eight or ten more postmedian.
Type. — Peru [square green label] (Callanga?). Second Jac. coll.
(label n.i.m.) Length 6.5 mm.
Head not i)rolonged in front, clypeus transversely grooved truncate, an-
tennae approximate, a broad shallow depression across the vertex, back of the
eye, the surface closely punctate and with a faint line of yellow pubescence
between the eyes bringing out two transverse tubercles just above the an-
tennae, which latter are long and slender reaching nearly the apex of the hind
femora, with the third and fourth joints nearly equal, the seventh, eighth and
eleventh are dark rufous; thorax almost square, sides margined and .slightly
sinuate before the middle, the anterior angles strongly produced into an ex-
curved tubercle (like lacunosus Clk. only more so), a broad median channel
runs from the apex nearly to the base, making on either side a well defined
ridge, at the middle forming a fair-sized tubercle, the entire surface finely
punctulate and thickly covered with appressed yellow pubescence which
shows when the specimen is turned in various lights; scutellum fulvous pubes-
cent; elytra with gross punctures arranged in striate form, becoming obsolete
towards the apex, a broad antemedian transverse depression curving up in
the usual manner to the shoulders gives great prominence to the immediate
TRANS. .\M. EXT. -SOC, XLI.
498 SOUTH AMERICAN HALTICIDAE (cOLEOPTERA)
basal portion and on each elevated knob is placed a sharp, backward curved
spine. The transverse depression forms a broad flattened area on the disk
which is covered with fulvous pubescence and forms the bulk of the band
above described. At the rear of the band where the elytral declivity begins
is a group of four or five spines on each side. There is a secondary depression
just before the apex which is marked behind by two more spines. The entire
surface is dented with fine punctures and in the depressions is the short yellow
pubescence. Body beneath shining black, legs black with the coxae and tarsi
dark rufous, the rufous apex of the hind femora is clothed with fulvous pubes-
cence. Claws appendiculate. Should apparently be placed near braccatus
Clark.
Simulates in appearance some of the small longicorns.
One example.
Panchirestus (?) prasinus nov. sp.
Ovate, stout, above light olive green, labrum, body below and
legs yellow, joints six, seven and eight of antennae and the anterior
tibiae and tarsi more or less darkened.
Type.- — Cachabe, Ecuador; low c, I, 1897, (Rosenberg).
Length 4.5 mm.
Clypeus swollen, smooth shining, front longitudinally foveate and with
fairly plain, smooth frontal tubercles forming the upper edge of the swollen
clypeus, vertex and neck closely, strongly lounctate; antennae filiform, reach-
ing about one-third the length of the elytra, joints nine, ten and eleven lighter;
thorax transverse, margined, strongly angulate a little before the middle,
anterior angles also prominent surface thickly punctate, strongly obliquely
depressed on either side, a faint antemedian callous; elytra rather convex,
strongly punctate striate, covered with very fine pubescence and also with
rows of sparse long hair, no trace of any basal depression, hind tibia with two
spurs, claws cleft.
I place this form in Panchrestus on account of its palpi and
shape of the thorax which seems near that of rufescens Clk.
Unfortunately I have only one mutilated example of the genus
in my collection and that is one from the second Jac. collection
marked "n.i.m.," determined by me as rubicundus Clark.
One example.
Loxoprosopus jacobyi nov. sp.
Elongate, head, thorax and legs dirty yellow, labrinn dark,
antennae dark, joints eight to ten flavous, elytra dirty testaceous
brown with sutural edge and a faint sub-marginal line of ashy
pubescence, the ground color of the line being sometimes partly
flavous.
F. C. BOWDITCH 499
Type. — 9 ; Amazon \'alley near Santarem, Brazil. Length 4.5
mm.
Clypeus smooth, vertical, two side and a faint median carina, frontal tu-
bercle quite prominent, adjoining and on the vertex is a well marked trans-
verse fovea, the tubercle, fovea and a spot behind sometimes brown; thorax
transverse, depressed behind on either side and also at the anterior angles,
which are prominent, also an obsolete antemedian fovea, the surface sparsely
golden pubescent; elytra deeply punctate striate, somewhat obsolete at apex,
no visible basal depression, sparsely and inconspicuously pubescent, body
beneath and legs flavous, claws appendiculatc.
In addition to type two specimens from Demerara, British
Guiana, Alte Sammlung, second Jac. coll., one marked "n.i.m.,"
both in rather poor order.
Loxoprosopus bolivianus iiov. sp.
Elongate, black, upper i)art of clypeus, thorax and anterior
legs mostly yellow, elytra deeply punctate striate with a narrow
marginal fuscous border from shoulder to apex, antennae a little
longer than body, black, joints nine to eleven flavous.'
Type. — Bolivia. Square dark green label. Second Jac. coll.
Length 3.5 mm.
Clypeus with strong obliciue sitie ridges meeting at the top, they and the
space above yellow, below black, above the antennae a strong longitudinal
fovea, remainder of the head thickly punctulate ; antennal joints three, four and
five the longest, joints one and six about equal; thorax transverse, margined,
sides nearly straight, surface nearly equate, sparsely clothed with yellow pu-
bescence; el}i;ra with sUghtly indicated basal depression, the smiace sparsely
clothed with ashy pubescence, more noticeable on the light edge; body beneath
black, anterior legs with tip of femora and tibia and tarsi browned, hind legs
with flavous trochanters, femora black, slightly discolored near the trochanter,
tibia and tarsi brownish red, claws appendiculate.
Loxoprosopus (?) flaveola nov. sp.
Pale yellow, the antennae, anterior tibiae and tarsi, extreme
apex of femora and an ol)long spot on upper side of hind femora
near apex, black; swollen claw of hind tarsi, rufous black, elytra
with large punctures placed in striate form, nearly obsolete
behind.
Type.— Cachabe, Ecuador; low c; XI, 1896, (Rosenberg).
Clypeus with obsolete median and side carina, the latter being arched at
the top, a well marked median fovea between the eyes with frontal tubercles
flat and obsolete, vertex punctate; thorax transverse, depressed behind, and
obsoletely so, m(>dianly in front, sides margined, obsoletely subangulate in
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
500 SOUTH AMERICAN HALTICIDAE (cOLEOPTERa)
the middle, the surface thickly punctate and with sparse light pubescence;
elytra with basal depression barely indicated, surface with sparse light pubes-
cence and longer hairs; claws appendiculate.
Two examples.
Loxoprosopus cyanipennis nov. sp.
Head and elytra brilliant greenish cyaneoiis, thorax more
coppery, with the base fairly clothed with golden pubescence,
body below black, legs flavous, anterior tibiae and tarsi cloudy,
antennae dark fuscous, joints nine to eleven flavous.
Type. — 9 ; Cachabe, Ecuador; low c; XI, 1896, (Rosenberg).
Length 4.5 mm.
Clypeus smooth, divided by a median and two side carinae, frontal tubercles
well developed, vertex and neck smooth, shiny, nearly impunctate; antennae
reaching nearly to apex of elytra, joints one and three much the longest; thorax
transverse with straight sides, all the angles prominent, transversely depressed
at base, the depression clothed with golden hair; scutellum black, elytra deeply
punctate striate, becoming somewhat obsolete at tip, a fairly well marked
transverse basal depression, the surface very sparsely clothed with dark hair;
body beneath shining black, claws appendiculate.
Apparently allied to L. caeruleus Clk. (not in my collection),
especially in the pubescence of the thorax. Type unique.
Loxoprosopus clarkii nov. sp.
Head black, clypeus and face yellow, thorax yellow, elytra
dark bluish black, grossly punctate striate, a submarginal line of
ashy pubescence from the shoulder to the apex, joining a much
narrower sutural edging of the same pubescence, legs flavous,
anterior tarsi and tip of the tibiae darkened, joints nine to eleven
of antennae (except the extreme tip) flavous.
Type. — 9 ; Cachabe, Ecuador; low c; I, 1897, (Rosenberg).
Length 4.5 mm.
Front smooth, vertical, with a plain median carina and a deep transverse
frontal clypeal groove, a fairly well marked transverse depression between
the eyes, back of the head smooth ; antennae longer than the body with first
joint strongly swollen at about the upper two-thirds; joints three, four and five
elongate, the third the longest; thorax transverse, depressed, slightly con-
stricted behind, surface duU with fine yellow pubescence, scutellum black;
basal depression of the elji,ra indicated only by a slight raising of the scutellar
region, punctures of about the same style as humeralisCik., body beneath black,
claws appendiculate.
Type unique.
F. C. BOWDITCH 501
Zeteticus cyanipennis iiov. sp.
Elongate, slim; head, thorax, scutelluni, underside and legs
rufous, the anterior tibiae and tarsi brown, antennae brown,
elytra shining greenish eyaneous with light punctures arranged
as striae, the intervals finely punctulate, the surface sparsely
finely yellowish pubescent.
Type. — Venezuela. Square yellow label (Caracas?). Second
Jac. coll. "n.i.lNIus. " Length 4 mm.
Head witli well marked frontal tubercles and a trauverse fovea between the
eyes, vertex and neck coarsely punctate; antennae filiform, scarcely reaching
the middle of the eljira; thorax more thickly punctate than the head, with
scattered very fine yellow pubescence, very obsolete oblique depressions behind,
the sides finely angled like in ecuadoriensis Jac; eljiira with a distinct basal
depression, most marked where it tiu-ns to go up to the shoulder, the anterior
half of the suture has a tendency to show rufescent; claws bifitl.
MetaUicus Jac. is much larger. Type unique.
Zeteticus viridipennis nov. sji.
Elongate, head, thorax and scutellum rufous, elytra dull
metallic green, strongly punctate striate (except tip), the inter-
vals thickly punctulate, the entire surface covered with appressed
yellow pubescence and rows of sparse long hairs, body beneath
and legs dark blackish green.
Type. — Cochabamba, Bolivia. (Germ.) Length 7 mm.
Clypeus with a strong transverse impression, head thickly and closely
punctate with a transverse fovea between the eyes and obsolete frontal tuber-
eles; antennae filiform, black, reaching the middle of the elji;ra; thorax trans-
verse, punctured like the head with obsolete median and basal foveae, angu-
lated at the sides after the manner of ecuadoriensis Jac; elytra with a very
obsolete basal depression so that the scutellar region is slightly raised; legs
and under part of the body more or less yellow jKibescent; claws bifid.
Two examples.
Octogonotus piagiatus nov. sp.
Elongate, head black, thorax yellow, elytra yellow, golden
pubescent, an elongate spot at the shoulder, a connnon nearly
square spot at the base, a straight transverse submedian band
not reaching the sides, the apex, the sharp edge of the lateral
margin and the epiplcurae black, pubescent, body beneath
yellow, tibiae and tarsi of the four anterior legs black, posterior
3'ellow, all the femora somewhat black.
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
502 SOUTH AMERICAN HALTICIDAE (cOLEOPTERA)
Type. — Cochabamba, Bolivia. (Germ.) Length 7 mm.
Clypeus with a deep transverse groove, occupying the whole space, front
and vertex with a well marked broad longitudinal groove running between
the antennae, frontal tubercles small and obsolete, surface thickly punctured;
antennae filiform, rufous, reaching below the middle of the elytra; joints six,
seven and eight darker, nine, and ten, flavous, eleven dark at tip; thorax with
usual side angulation of the genus, obsoletely depressed on either side behind
and longitudinally depressed down the middle with a fairly prominent callous
on each side, surface dull with fine pubescence ; elytra, with sparse, erect hairs,
surface strongly punctate striate, but back of the black transverse band almost
entirely obscured by the thick golden pubescence, a faint longitudinal depres-
sion at the shoulders; posterior femora with brownish black apex, anterior
with dark streak on upper side, the swollen claw joint very dark rufous and
conspicuous at the end of the yellow tibia and tarsi, claws appendiculate.
Allied to limbata Baly. Type unique.
Octogonotus lateralis nov. sp.
Robust, elongate, black, head more or less yellowish, thorax
brownish red, in the middle, with a wide side stripe of golden
yellow hair, leaving the sharp lateral edge dark, elytra dark
brownish black, a sub-marginal yellow stripe covered with ashy
golden hair from the shoulder nearly to apex, wide at the shoulder
and narrowed at apex, the suture in the middle narrowly edged
with ashy golden hair, body beneath shining black, anterior legs
black, femora yellow beneath, posterior legs yellow with femora
black above and at apex.
Type. — Cochabamba, Bolivia. (Germ.) Length 7 mm.
Clypeus with a broad transverse depression, a longitudinal fovea on the
front and between the antennae, which are black, filiform; frontal tubercles
obsolete, the surface thickly punctate; the general color is brownish yellow
with the tubercles and between them and the eyes black, neck darkened;
thorax transverse, very strongly angulate, abruptly and strongly transversely
depressed behind, with a short smooth medium carina cut off by the depres-
sion; elytra finely punctate striate, everywhere covered with a ver}^ short ashy
pubescence and scattered long hairs in lines; the light stripe is co-extensive at
the base with the light side of the thorax and cuts across the striae; body
beneath black, swollen claw joint of the hind legs conspicuously dark rufous,
claws appendiculate.
Allied to limbata Baly. Type unique.
Octogonotus similis nov. sp.
Bright rufous, tips of mandibles, eyes, joints two to eleven of
antennae, four anterior tibiae and tarsi black, elytra rather
F. C. BOWDITCH 503
strongly depressed, the entire surface sparsely clothed witii short
yellow pubescence.
Type. — Para, Brazil. (Baker.) Length 5 nun.
Clypeus broadly transversely depressed, with fairly well defined sides, and
frontal ridge which forms a point between the antennae, front with longitudinal
fovea, tubercles obsolete, surface closely punctate; antennae filiform, but
rather stout reaching about the middle of the elytra, entirely black except the
scape and extreme base of tlie second joint; thorax strongly angulate, surface
nearly equate, thickly and strongly punctate, a short smooth medium carina,
the usual median callouses showing obsoletely, somewhat shinj'; elj-tra strongly
punctate striate, becoming obsolete at apex, strongly dejjressed at base so that
the scutellar region is prominent ; claws appendiculate.
Near apicicornis Jac, l)ut that species has differently colored
antennae and legs, and is stouter and more hirsute, and the
elytra are much more strongly punctured. T^'pe unique.
Hapolotrius plagiatus nov. sp.
Head black, thorax yello^v, thickly covered with golden pubes-
cence, elytra cyaneous blue, with punctures arranged in striate
form, the sides and apex clothed in dense golden pubescence,
leaving a common, oblong seemingly bare spot, stretching from
the base to a little below the middle, legs yellow, the four anterior
tibiae and tarsi and apex of posterior femora black.
Type. — Cachabe, Ecuador; low c; XII, 1896, (Rosenberg).
Length 5.5 mm.
Clypeus with a deep transverse groove, somewhat triangular in form, occupy-
ing the whole front, making an inverted frontal V fovea, vertex black, rather
coarsely punctate and sometimes showing a partial smooth median carina
(sexual?); antennae fihform, testaceous, clouded in the middle, thorax trans-
verse, sides almost straight like pubescens Clk., faintly obliquely foveate each
side behind, all the angles sharp but not prominent. The entire surface
yellow, pubescent, except a narrow dark edge adjoining the eh'tra, scutellum
black; elytra with strong basal depression, not, however, curved up to the
shoulder as strongly as in many but more like a deep sub-basal fovea; the seem-
ingly bare spot is sparsely covered with dark hairs which can best be seen from
the front (looking to a white background). The intervals occasionally seem
to be very finely punctulate, body beneath l)lack, claws appendiculate.
Six examples seen from the type locality, also three from
Paramba (near Cachabe), also one example from Santos Marcos,
Bolivia, 2000 m., second Jac. coll., "n.i.Mus. " (rubbed — in poor
condition).
TRAXS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
504 SOUTH AMERICAN HALTICIDAE (cOLEOPTERA)
Hapolotrius parvulus nov. sp.
Head rufous, vertex black, antennae rufous flavous, joints one
to two and seven, eight and nine darker, thorax rufous, elytra
black, deeply punctate striate, sparsely pubescent, mosth' notice-
able at apex, anterior legs blackish rufous, posterior legs rufous
with black femora.
Type. — Bolivia. Square green label (Songo?). Second Jac.
coll. Length 3.5 mm.
Clypeus with deep transverse groove, inverted V siiaped or excavation,
front finely longitudinally grooved, limited behind by a transverse smooth
line between the eyes, vertex and neck thickly finely pvnictate; thorax trans-
verse, transversely depressed behind and anteriorly on each side, antemedian
callouses fairly prominent and a fine smooth carina from middle nearly to
base, sides nearly straight; scutellum black, elytra with a fairly well marked
basal depression, the striae and punctures less well defined at apex; claws^
appendiculate.
Somewhat resembles fidvicollis Jac, but much smaller. In
addition to the type Ave have one example from Farinas, Bolivia
Hapolotrius rosenbergii nov. sp.
Elongate, head black, antennae black, joints nine to eleven
testaceous, thorax and scutellum fulvous, elytra deeply punctate
striate, dark indigo blue, sides and apex visibly ashy pubescent,
legs flavous, anterior tibiae and tarsi and apex of posterior
femora black.
Type.— Chimbo, Ecuador; 1000 feet; VIII, 1897, (Rosenberg).
Length 5 mm.
Head with deep clypeal excavation in form of inverted V, frontal tubercles
smooth, vertex and neck thickly punctate, dull; antennae filiform, approxi-
mate, reaching the middle of the elytra; thorax somewhat transverse, sides
nearly straight, a vague transverse fovea on each side about the middle, angles
all sharp but not prominent (shape oi flavofasciata Jac); elj^ra coarsely punc-
tate striate, faintly foveate sub-basally, the pubescence on the sides and apex
is visible without a glass, but scarely obscures the punctures except at extreme
apex; body beneath black, claws appendiculate.
Two examples seen.
Cerichrestis apicatus nov. sp.
Head black with clypeus and neck flavous, antennae black,
joints nine to eleven flavous, thorax yellow, thickly covered with
golden pubescence, elytra golden yellow, with the suture and
apical part (nearh^ half) black, both with pubescence according
F. C. BOWDITCII 505
to their colors, legs black, four anterior femora 3'ellow at base;
hincl legs yellow, femora with a black stripe on each side meeting
at apex, having the extreme upper edge yellow.
Type. — Cachabe, Ecuador; low c; I, 1897, (itosenberg).
Length 6 mm.
Head with usual frontal tubercles very obsolete, the surface back of the
eyes closely punctulate, the j-ellow color covers the neck and curves round
and touches the eyes; antennae approximate, joints one to two stout, three
to four elongate, flattened, equal, five to six equal, narrower and shorter,
seven to ten gradually shortened, filiform; thorax slightly constricted in front,
sides margined, sinuate, all the angles prominent, the usual depressions very
obsolete, so the surface is nearly equate, scutellum rufous; ehlra deeply punc-
tate, striate, finer at apex, body beneath with sides black, middle flavous, the
femora of the front leg is strongly curved and the tibiae are curved in and then
out, the middle legs are the same only the tibia less markedly curved, hind
femora beneath strongly excavate curved, with a well developed tubercle at
base (coxal?); claws appendieulate
Resembles in general appearance some of the forms of C.
darki Jac. The type is unique.
Cerichrestis jacobyi nov. sp.
Head black ^^^th clypeus and frontal tubercles jtIIow, thorax
black with a wide yellow margin covered with golden pubescence,
elytra black with suture narrowly and margin ^\ddely, yellow
bordered and both covered with golden pubescence, legs yellow,
anterior tibiae and tarsi black. Apex of posterior femora with a
black spot.
Type. — Peru. Square light green lal)cl. (Callanga?) Second
Jac. coll. "n.i.m." Length 5 mm.
The color of the frontal tubercles makes them prominent, back of them the
head is thickly punctate, the antemiae reaching the middle of the elj'tra, the
joints subdilated; thorax quadrate, sides straight, margined, all the angles
prominent, the ex-treme sharp edge of the sides is dark, narrowly bordering the
golden side, scutellum black; elj'tra strongly punctate striate, the yellow
border is co-extensive with the thoracic yellow edge, cuts across the striae
and is continued to the apex where it joins the sutural line which is very
narrow, body beneath rufous, claws appendieulate.
Type unique.
Cerichrestis curvilinea nov. sp.
Head black, with clypeus and front yellow, antennae black,
joints ten to eleven yellow, thorax black, sides broadly yellow,
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLI.
506 SOUTH AMERICAN HALTICIDAE (cOLEOPTERA)
elytra black with a broad yellow margin from base to apex and
on each a narrow curved line of yellow pubescence, starting below
the base on the third interspace, following that and gradually
broadening out to the fourth, body beneath and legs yellow.
Type. — Peru. Square light green label. (Callanga?) Second
Jac. coll. "n.i.m." Length 4 mm.
Head with the yellow color just covering the frontal tubercles, back finely
punctate; thorax slightly transverse, sides margined, sUghtly sinuate, obso-
letely transversely depressed behind so as to appear somewhat swollen at the
middle; the yellow parts of the thorax and elytra are covered with golden
pubescence, the curved elytral line is only obsoletely yellow and seems to de-
pend for its color almost wholly on the pubescence, but the three examples
vary somewhat among themselves in this regard.
Three examples seen.
Metriotes aeneipennis nov. sji.
Elongate parallel, head very dark rufous, thorax transverse,
rufous, elytra aeneous, striate punctate, with very sparse and
short yellow pubescence arranged in rows, scarcely noticeable,
except near the apex, where it is seen on the declivity, body
beneath black, legs rufous, hind tibiae finely serrate or dentate
on outside edge.
Type. — Cochabamba, Bolivia. (Germ.)
Clypeus smooth, carinate on either side, joining in a pair of longitudinal
tubercles or knobs which separate the antennae and end in a deep rather
transverse fovea which occupies the vertex, neck coarsely and closely punc-
tate, finely pubescent near the eyes; antennae filiform reaching the middle of
the elytra; thorax transverse, margined, sides straight, all the angles sharp,
the anterior slightly excurved, surface, coarsely and closely punctate, more
thickly at sides, an obsolete smooth callous on each side of the ante median
disk; obsoletely depressed on either side and behind, scutellum rufous; eljira
punctate striate, becoming obsolete at tip, interstices finely punctulate, broadly
but not deeply depressed before the middle, the depression curving upward
near the shoulder as usual and bringing out the scutellar region and humeral
knobs. Claws appendiculate.
Eight examples seen with type data, also one in second Jac.
coll., probably from the same place, marked "n.i.m."
Var. A, three examples from same locality with a decided tint
of castaneous red to elytra (immature?).
Var. B, three examples from same locality with elytra bluish
aeneous.
F. C. BOWDITCH 507
Metriotes lateralis nov. sp.
Elongate, black, the elytra with an even, yellow sublateral
stripe running entirely around the elytra, except the base: the
thorax, the stripe and the sutural edge covered with thick fine
golden pubescence, hind tibiae and tarsi rufous, antennae slightly
incrassate after the fifth joint, reaching the middle of the elytra,
black with joints ten to eleven rufotestaceous.
T3-pe. — Cochabamba, Bolivia. (Germ.) Length 6.5 mm.
Clypeus witli a strong carina or ridge on cither side, joining in a point at
the base of the antennae and running into a short deej) longitudinal fovea,
the sides of which make two short prominent obliciue ridges or frontal tubercles
(parallel with the eye), vertex and neck smooth, finely punctulate, the eyes are
nearly surrountled with golden pubescence which also forms a transverse band
between the eyes; thorax transverse, sides margined, very lightly sinuate
before the middle, all angles prominent, surface with an oblique depression
either side of the middle, behind, which gives prominence to the median part,
the surface clothed rather thickly with golden pubescence which also covers
the scutellum; elytra strongly punctate striate, thickly covered with short
black pubescence (except the sutural edge and sublateral margin which are
clothed with golden hair), the sublateral stripe is perfectly straight on its edges,
does not follow the punctured striae and nowhere touches the margin, though
ex-tremely close to it at the apex, the width of the j-ellow submarginal stripe
is about i mm. slightly thickened at the apex; body beneath and legs shining
black, with the posterior tibiae and tarsi rufous, claws appendiculate.
Tj^pe unique.
Metriotes chaeoensis nov. sp.
Elongate black, clypeus, parts of femora and tibiae, and a
sublateral elytral stripe yellow, and basal joints of antennae
annulate at tip with same color, the head, thorax and the stripe
as well as the sutural margins, clothed more or less thickly with
golden pubescence.
Type. — Chaco, Bolivia. Square green lal)el. Length 5.25
mm .
Head 3-ellow below, labrum piceous, clypeus yellow, two side carinae meet-
ing in a point between the antennae and ending there in a short fovea, rest
of surface finely i)unctulate, between the eyes a distinct band of golden pubes-
cence, which in certain lights is seen to extend over the whole h-ack of the head;
antennae filiform, the last five or six joints somewhat transverse, the last three
joints covered with ashy pubescence, so appearing paler; thorax transverse,
sides margined, straight, all the angles prominent, the hind ones verj- narrowly
flavous, transverse depression well marked at base and continued obliquely
upward, throwing up the middle prominently, scutellum clothed with golden
TRAXS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLI.
508 SOUTH AMERICAN HALTICIDAE (cOLEOPTERA)
hair, the yellow markings and pubescence are like lateralis; body beneath
shining black, the anterior legs are yellow with the upper side of the apical
half of the femora and apex of tibiae and tarsi black, hind legs yellow with
the apex of femora particularly on top and the tarsi black, claws appendiculate.
Near lateralis but much smaller with different colored legs.
Three examples bear the type data, also one probably from
same place in Second Jac. coll. marked "n.i.m."
Metriotes sericeus nov. sp.
Elongate black, elytra punctate striate black, with a narrow
sub-border stripe of yellow color, the entire surface thickly cov-
ered with very short appressed grayish yellow pubescence, so
thick as nearly to obscure all the markings.
Type. — Peru. Square green label. (Callanga?) Second Jac.
coll. "n.i.m." Length 5.5 mm.
Clypeus with usual side carinae which are blunt and form at their junction
a smooth knob or tubercle between the antennae and ending in a deep longitu-
dinal frontal fovea with high side walls making two frontal tubercles, vertex and
neck punctulate; antennae filiform, black, reaching the middle of the elji^ra;
thorax transverse, sides margined, straight, all the angles prominent, two
oblique side basal depressions giving prominence to the middle which is rather
shiny, the rest of the surface opaque with black pubescence; the scutellum and
elytra present an unbroken surface of sericeous pubescence, under which the
markings are but faintly made out; body beneath and legs shining black,
outside edge of hind tibiae serrate, claws appendiculate.
With the type I associate an example from (ochabamba^
Bolivia, (Germ.).
Metriotes marginatus iiov. sp.
Elongate, black, clypeus, thorax and small antehumeral spot
rufous, elytra strongly punctate striate, with very short ashy
pubescence, which is thickened so as to show a narrow distinct
sutural edge and a wide sublateral stripe to the apex.
Type. — Cochabamba, Bolivia. (Germ.) Length 4.5 mm.
Clypeus smooth with the usual carinae rather obsolete, the usual frontal
fovea makes two rather prominent knobs, limited behind by an obsolete trans-
verse depression, vertex and neck punctulate; antennae fihform, black, reach-
ing below the middle of the elytra; thorax transverse, sides margined, straight,
all the angles prominent, an obsolete transverse basal and side oblique depres-
sion brings the disk into prominence, the surface finely pubescent; elytra witli
a very obsolete basal depression, the small rufous spot adjoins the thorax and
just touches the humeral knob; body beneath and legs black, somewhat pu-
F. C. BOWDITCH 509
bescent, outside edge of hind tibiae sernite (rather obsoletely), claws appen-
diculate.
Two specimens seen.
Ptinomorpha ('?) foveolatus ii()\'. sp.
Almost uniform liii;ht brown, antennae incrassate, shoulders of
elytra rounded, the surface of the elytra shining, covered with
deep, elongate foveate punctures, striate only at the shoulders,
and laterally; the fovea closer, more drawn out, confluent at
sides, flatter and broader on disk, the surface sparsely hirsute,
hind tibiae serrate and dentate on outside edge.
Type. — Cachabe, Ecuador; low c; I, 1897, (Rosenberg).
Length 4.25 mm.
Head vertical, a strong transverse ridge between the eyes, bisected in the
middle by a short longitudinal fovea, vertex with coarse foveate punctures,
neck smooth and glabrous; antennae approximate, reaching just below the
base of the eh^ra, third joint slightly longer than second, fourth and follow-
ing about equal to the second, slowly incrassate from the second joint, reach-
ing the maximum width at about the seventh joint, then slowly tapering off;
thorax slightly transverse, nearly square, sides almost straight, margined and
with a plain straight marginal line near to and parallel to the rear edge, surface
coarsely reticulated with humps and foveae, the most noticeable of the former
being two anterior side and one median, placed triangularly '.' ; scutellum
smooth; ehi^ra with well marked antemedian scutellar depression (not cui'v-
ing upward to the shoulders), making a prominent scutellar callous, epipleurae
wide, smooth, longitudinally jnuictured; hind tibiae with three quite prominent
well separated denticulations, claws appendiculate.
Resembles daphrus and easily separated by its foveate punc-
tuation. The type is unique.
The structure of the antennae and the dentation of the hind
tibiae seem to warrant the placing of this form in Von Harold's
genus.
TRAXS. AM. KNT. SOC"., XI, I.
CONTENTS
Notes on Some South American Halticidae. By F. C.
Bowditch . . 487
(Issued October 16, 1915.)
i
\
^-^
'v.
^T' '
^r-
r
A
■
«v
5
V
cvi
^
1
^^^T^H
^^^^Bi