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TRANSACTIO^JS 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    SOCIETY 


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TRANSACTIONS 

ENTOMOLOGICAL    SOCIETY 

LONDON 

1917. 


LONDON: 
SOLD  AT  THE  SOCIETY'S  ROOMS,    11,  CHANDOS  STREET 

CAVXHDIBH   SQO&RE,   W., 

AND    BY    LONGMANS,    GREEN,    AND    CO.. 

PATBRHOSTBR   BOW,   K.C.  ;   AND   KBW   lOHK. 

1917-1918. 


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DATES  OF   FUBLICATION  IN    PARTS. 


Part  I.  (TnASe ,  p.  1-287,  Proc.  i-xxiii)  wns  published  24  Nov.,  1917 

„II,III1V.  (     „        269-426,     „     xxxiii-xovi)        „         16  May,  1918 


264401 


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ENTOMOLOGICAL   SOCIETY  OF  LONDON 

POUKDBD,  1633. 

Inoobporatu)  bt  Rotal  OoAnut,  1S86. 


PATRON:   niS  MAJESTY  THE  KINO. 


OFFICERS  and  COUNCIL  for  the  SESSION  W7-19J8. 
preelDent. 

C.  J.  QAHAN,  M.A.,  D.Sr. 

T.  A.  CHAPMAN,  M.D..  F.Z.S. 

G.  B.  LONOSTAFF,  M.A.,  M.D. 

The  Hon.  N.  C.  ROTHSCHILD,  M.A.,  F.L.S.,  F.Z.S. 

Qieasuier. 
ALBERT  HUGH  JONES. 

Secietarfee 

CoHHANDXR  JAMES  J.  WALKOi,^  M.A.,  R.N.,  F.L.a 

Trb  Rbt.  OEOROE  wheeler,  M.A.,  F.Z.S. 

Ifbrnrun. 

GEORGE  CHARLES  CHAMPION,  F.2.S.,  A.L.S 

9tbet  AemlKM  of  Oouncll. 

A.  W.  BACOT. 
-       E.  C.  BEDWELL, 

E.  A.  COCKAYNE,  M.A.,  M.D. 

W.  C.  CRAWLEY,  B.A. 

H.  WILLOUGHBY  ELLIS,  F.Z.S. 

J.  C.  F.  FRYER,  M.A. 

S.  A.  NEAVE,  M.A.,  B.Sc.,  F.Z.S. 

R.  M.  PRIDEAUX. 

A.  E.  TONQE. 


Retident  Librarian. 
GEORGE  BETHELL,  F.R.HiST.S. 


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(      vi      ) 

Xaelneea  aii&  VubUcations  Commfnee. 
ROBERT  ADttlN. 
0.  T.  BETHUNE-BAKER. 
JOHN  HABTLET  DURRANT. 
REV.  F.  D.  MORICE. 
.  And  the  Executive  Officers  of  the  Council. 

ecftleb  ttatlonal  aommlttce  of  jentomologlcal  DomeiiclatuK. 
Q.  T.  BETHUNE-BAKER. 
DR.  C.  J.  OAHAN. 
DR.  K.  JORDAN. 
L.  B.  PROUT. 
REV.  GEORGE  WHEELER 
JOHN  HARTLEY  DURRANT,  S«r«ton/- 


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CONTENTS. 


B7  B. 

I  Id  the  Britiah  Huaeam.     Bj 
BowLAND  E.  Tdbnib,^.Z.S.,P.EB. 

III.  New  or  littt^tenmi  Hettroctra  from  Hadacaaou.    B7  Sir 

Obobob  H.  Kmucit,  F.E.8.      

IV.  Additjons  to  tha  koowladge  of  the  Citoniidat  of  Britiah  India. 

Bj  Olitu  B.  JiHSON,  F.B.8 


Collece,  Cambridge  (Lieut.  B.A.H.O.) 

■  in  BritUh  Qaiasa.    B7 

VIL  The  oondition  of  the  sealea  in  Uw  leaden  malea  of  Agriaia 
Aitii,  Bott.,  and  in  other  Lycaenida.    Bjp  B.  A.  Coctxtsm, 

D.lI.,P.R.C.P.,TemporarT  Surgeon,  R.N 

VHI.  On  Mv  uid  little-known  Lai/riidat  froni  Tropical  America. 
Br  Obobob  CUBLEa  Chupion,  F.Z.S 

IX.  A  Reriaion  of  tbo  genua  Tarucui.    Bv  O.  T.  BcrHDHi-BiiiB, 

F.Lil.,  F.Z.8 : 

X.  Kotea  on  mnw  BritUb  Quluu  Himetoptera  (eicluaife  of  the 
FarmieiAu).  By  ti.  B.  Bodb(M,  B.A..  Dip.  Agric.  (Cantab.), 
F.Z.8,,  F.B.S-.Ooi'eronient  Economic  Biologiat,  Department 
of  Science  and  AgTiciittore,  Britiah  Guiana • 

XL  On  a  Collection  ol  Butterfliea  taken  Id  Eaat  Africa  bj  Mr. 
W.  A.  Lambom.  Bj  H.  Kltbihoh*!!,  M.A.,  D.Sc.  With 
notea  on  the  Fitrinat.  by  Dr.  F.  A.  Diibt,  F.R.S  .  and 
deacription  of  a  new  form  of  F.  dardaiuu  1 ,  by  Prof.  E.  B. 
PoDLTuH,  F.HS ; 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


XIII.  A  PrelimiDBry  Catalogue  of  Britiah  Cieidomgidae  (Diptrra), 
with  Kpecial  reterrore  to  the  ti&ll-midgf*  of  Ibe  North  of 
GogLuid.  By  RicKiBD  8.  BlaI•AL^  F.L.S^  and  J.  W. 
HisLOP  Habrison.  D.Sv. _ 


ProcMdtDg*  tor  laiT 
Aonual  Meeting    ... 
Balance  Sheet 
Preaident'a  Aildreai 
Gsneral  Index 


EXPLANATION   OF   PLATES,   TRANSACTIONS. 


PUtel. 

8eepa««     e5    Plate  XL 

PUte  II. 

86    Plate  XII. 

Plate  III 

92    PUte  XIII. 

Plate  IV 

83    Plate.  XIV-XX. 

Plate  V. 

S9    Plates  XXI-XXIII 

PUleVI 

100    Sketch  Map 

Plate*  VII-X. 

.          1S2 

PROCEEDINGS. 

Plate  A. 

See  page  «ii. 

PlaU*  B.  C 

.,  page  >Ll»ii. 

Plato  D 

E 

F 

„  pigea  Ixim-UxT. 

Plates  a 

H 

J 

„  page*  «,  iri. 

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ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  LONDON. 


HONORARY    FELLOWS. 

Marked  *  hare  died  during  the  year. 
Klectlon. 

I9O0     AUBIVIU.IUS,  Professor  Cliristoplier,  StvcMtiim. 
1915     Beblrsk,  Professor  Antonio,  Wa  Boiaana,  19,  Fireate,  Italy. 
1905     BoLiTAR,  Ignaoio,  itfiuai  lUKional  de  Biatoriu  naltiral,  Hipodrinno, 
17,  Madrid. 

1911  CouBTOCK,  Prof,  J.  H.,  OiTwli  Vniver>itij,  Itha/M,  New  York,  U.S.A. 
1894     FoRETi,  Profeseor  Aitgnete,  M.D.,  Ckigay,  p}-u  ilorgef,  Swilierland. 

1912  •  FREV-QcnsNEIt,  Dr.  Eniilu,  La  Bageruit,  Gtnive,  SwitztrUind. 
1898     Orabsi,  Profeaaor  BdUista,  The  Universitg,  Home. 

1915  Howard,  Dr.  L.  O.,  Nutiontd  M^aeum,  WaiJtinglon,  U,S.A. 

1914  Lambere,  ProfesHorA.,  Brvxellet. 

1908  Oberthur,  Charles,  Rennet,  lUe-el-VHaiiie,  France. 

1913  Tian-ShaK8KI,  a.  P.  SemeuolT,  VaitUi  Oitrot,  8  tin.,  39,  PtliiHjrad, 

Ruaaia, 
1911     Wasmann,  Fr.  Erich,  S.J.,Vuil:enhiirg{L.)  Iifimlht>Kolhg,Hollattd. 


SPKCIAL   LIFE   FELLOWS. 

1916    (1894)  MiALL,  Louis   Oompton,    F.R.S.,  (Cuuscil,   1903, 

Norttm  Way  N.,  Lelduvorth. 
1916    (18B8)  Yehburt.  Colonel  John  W.,  late  R.A.,  F.Z.S.,  (Cot 

1896,  1903-5),  2,  Byder-dreel,  tSl.  Jamet'i.  S.W. 


Marked  *  have  died  during  the  year. 

Marked  f  hare  coiiipouiuUd  for  their  Anuual  Siihscripti-ni. 
D*U  "f _ . 

1914     A114IB,  E.  W,,  B.A.,  Tvr/aiib,  Cairo,  Egypt. 
1913     Ahamb,  B.  G.,  16,  Fernahaiv-road,  CheUea,  S.W. 
1877     Adams,  Frederick  C\<M]HtTOtii,T.Z.S.,  50,  Athleij-ga,-de»ii,  Vidoria 
ttrtet,  S.W.  1. 


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(  -  ) 

1902    Adkih,  B«naiah  Wlutley,  TiKnototth,  Hopt-park,  Bromiey,  Kent. 

1885  Adkin,  Robert,  (CoDNCT^    1901-^2.    1911-13),    Hodedm,  Meadt, 

1904    AOAii,  E.  A.,  La  Haul,  Dominica,  B.  W.  Indies. 

1915  AlTAR,  K.  S.  Padmanabha,  Trivandrain,  Travancore,  India. 

1914    AtiAR,  T.  V.  Ramakriahna,  B.A.,  F.Z.S.,  I7t«  AgrieuJtHral  OoOege, 
Coimbatore,  8.  India. 

1912  Allen.  J.  W,.  M.A.,  266,  Waie»dtn-laHe,  London,  N.W.  2. 

1911     Ahdersom,    T.    J.,    SnUnnotogical    Laioralory,    Kabeti,    Brit.    E. 

AJrica. 
1910t  Andreifbs,  H.  E.,  8,  Nmih  Grove,  Uighgale,  N. 
1899    Andrews,  Henry  W..  Sttiley,  WtUing  S.O.,  Kmt. 
1901     Ansino,  Williom,  39,  Lime  Street.  E.C.  3. 
1908 1  Antram,  Charlea  B.,  Somerdait  EUale,  Ootacamund,  Nilgiri  EiiU, 

S.  India. 

1913  Abmytaob,  Edward  0.,  Petiroae,  Uiiivek,  Potindj^tock,  Bade. 

1907    Arnold,  0.,  U.Sc.,  A.B.C.S.,  Curator,  Bhodetia  JUtiwum,  Bviawayo 

S.  Africa.     ' 
1899 1  Arrow,  Qillrert  J.,  (Codncil,   1905-7),   9,  BoBsdoie-roiMf,  Futaes, 

S.W.  15  ;  and  BrUidt  If.weum  (Nalnral  Sistonj),  (VOTftweU-rood, 

S.W.  7. 
1911     Ashbv,  Edward  Bernard,  36,  B^thlrode-nxid,  Houtulow,  MiddUtex. 
1907  t  AsHBY,  Sidney  R.,  39,  Park-lnne.  Wembley,  Middlttex. 

1886  Athorb,  E.  a.,  48,  Hightlreel,  King's  Lijnii. 

1913  AviNOFF,  Audrii,  Liteyny,  12,  Petrograd,  Svma. 

1914  AwiT[,  P.  R.,  Medical  Entomologist,  c/o  Qrindlay  &  Co.,  Bonkera, 

26,  WestmoiiaTid-itreet,  0(Jc«((a. 

1901  Bacot,  Arthur  W.,  (COONCII,   1916-     ),   York  Cottage,   York-hm, 

Loti^htor^  Sttei. 
1904 1  Baonall,  Ricijard  S.,  Penthaw  Lodge,  Penshaw,  Ihirkam. 
1909     Baowell-Purefoy,  CapL  Edward,  Bail  Farleigk,  Matditmie. 

1916  Balfoor,  Miss  Alice,  4,  Carllon-gardeiu,  S.W.,  and  Whittingehame, 

PretlorAirk.  Scotlaiid. 
1913    Ballaxd,  Edward,  Qovt.  Entomologist,  Agricidlmxd  College  and 

BeKurch  Institute,  Cminbatore,  Madras,  S.  India. 
1886    Bankea,  Eustace  R.,  M.A. 

1890     Barclat,  Francis  H.,  F.G.S.,  The    Warreti,  Ci-omer. 
1886     Baroaqli,  Marcliese  Piero,  Fiona  S.  Maria,  Palazzo  Tempi  No.  1, 

Florence,  Ikily. 
1895     Barker,  Cecil    W.,  244,   Esstmcood-road,   Durban,   Natal,   SoMh 

Africa. 

1902  Barraod,  Philip  J.,  Cheater  Coltaije.  Benhillroad,  Svtton,  Sitrrey. 

1907  Bartlett,  n.  Frederick  D.,  1,  Myrtle-road,  BoMrnenunith. 

1894  t  Bateson,  Prof.  Williimi,  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  Fellow  of  St,  John's  College, 
Cambridge,  The  JUiinw  House,  Meiiou,  Surrry 

1908  Bayfohd,  E.  O.,  2,  Bockiiigham-street,  Banidey. 


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(     "i     ) 

1901    Batnb,  Antinr  P.,  c  o  Mevrs.  FTeeninn,  Oul/c-afrMt,  Pramtingkmt, 

Snffalk. 
1912    Batnes,  Edw&rd  Stout  Augustus   IM,  fTonndt-ifml,  Bettaion- 

a^Hare,  &W.  t. 
I896tBUKE,     Pn>r.    T.     Hndson,   B.Sc.,   •F.aS.G..    (V.-Prb.,    1910; 

COUKCIL,   1909-11),  10,  lU^eiU  Terraef,  Ediubrtr^. 
1908     Bkk,  Bicbaid,  ITecfcVU,  r;^  Park.  Teoril. 
laOo     Bbdford,  The  Dnke  of,  E.G.,  Pr«a.  Z.a,  etc.,  ira6i(r»  AbUy,  BttU. 

1912  Bedpobd,   Oenld,   Entomologist   to   tbe    L'nion   of  South  Afric*, 

Veterinary  Bacteriological  Lkboratonr,    Oiulttlepvort,    Prtloria, 
TVaiunxiJ. 

1913  Bediwbd,  Capt.  Hugh  Wonen,  Churrh  FrtU^  HorUy. 

1899     Bkdwsll,  Ernest  C,  (Cor\ciL,  1917-     ),  Bnuj-irn,   firigA (on- nxuf, 
Cowltdon,  iSurrrif. 

1914  Benderitteb,  Eugene,  11,  Rtit  SI.  Jiirqtin.  Le  Main.  France. 
I901     Bbsotsso.n-,  Simon,  Ph.D.,  Lecturer,  Unir*railii  of  Land,  Sinden  ; 

Curator,  Entomological  Collection  of  the  University. 

1915  Bbsham,  Prof.  William  BlaiUud,  M.A.,  D.Sc.,  F.B.S.;  I7iiiPfr«(y 

of  Otago,  Dunedin,  Xew  Ztalaitd. 
1906     BBNT»L^  E.  E,  The  TotMn,  Beybrid/ff:,  S»K:t. 
19)3     Bb8T-Gakdhbr,  Charlea  C,  Rooktcvod,  ^'rt^lh,  Glamorgtw. 
1885    Beibune-Baker.    Geoige   T..   F.L.S..    F.Z.S.,    (Pres..   1913-14; 

V.-Pres..  1910-11,1915;  CoDNcit,  1895, 1910-I5:.,  IS.C/arcnrfoH- 

mad,  EdgbatloK,  B'lrtaiitgham, 
1891     Blaber,  W.  H.,  F.L.S.,  34.  Crommtirood.  Hot*,  Brijk(on. 

1901  Black.  Jamen  E.,  F.L.S.,  Nelhtrcroft,  FttUe.-. 
1904     Blair,  Kenneth  G.,  S3,  n>)(  IIUI,  Hl<^te,  N.  6. 

1885     BuTHVAIT,    Lt.-Col.   Linley,   F.L.S.,   Emjlc    Houit,    Balheailon, 
Balh. 

1904  Bliss,    Maurice    Fredericlc,    M.H.C.S.,    L.R.C.P.,    26     WoodrilU- 

gardeiu.  Eating,  W.  5. 

1916  Bococc,  Charlea  Uanslope.  The  Elms,  Ashley,  XriDiunkel. 

1912  Bodkin,  G.  C,  Govt  Entonjologiat.  Gtonitlotrn,  Britiuli  Gniaita. 
1903     BoGDB,  W.  A.,  Tht  Uaiik  Hoiite,  Watchel. 

1911      BolLEAU,   H.,  99,  B'ltde  la  C>Ue  St..  ThiboiiU,   Boit  de  Cofomtw, 

iSeiiM,  Frantf. 
1891     BooTB,  George  A.,   P.Z.S.,  M.B.O.U.,   The  Ho-mihi;-.   Kirkham, 

LaiKt. 

1902  BOSTOCK,  E.  D.,  OuJton  Cross,.  Stone,  S(<i/a. 

1913  BOWATER,  Captain  WiUiaiii,  20,  Ru*Mllroa<J,  Moide;i,  Birmingham. 
1888     BOWBR,  Benjamin  A.,  Langlrji,  Willow  Grote,  Cliistehuisl. 

1894 1  Bowles,  K  Aiigustiw,  M.A.,  M'lihMloit  Hmisr,  WiiUham  Cros/. 

1912 1  BowRINO,  C.  Talbot,  Hoihov;  Hainan,  S.  CT.iiici. 

1916     Bos,  Leonard  Charies,  F.B.H.9.,  Dominion  Expt  rim  fatal  St.itioH, 

Fredericlon,  Nea  Bruntioictc. 
1910     BOTD,  A.  Whitworth,  The  Attun,  Allrincham,  Chesliiie. 

1905  Bracken,  Charles  W.,  B.A.,  5,  Carfrae  Ten-ace,  Upson,  Flyno\>l''. 


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(  xii   ) 

1917    BRBiJeit,  Dr.  H.  O.,  Ph.D.,  Director  of  the  Transvaal  Musei^.ti, 

PrctoTui,  Transnuil,  3.  Afrim. 
1904    BBiDdKMAN,  Commander  Tlie  Hon.  Ricljard  O.  B.,  R.N.,  44,  Lownda- 

upiare,  S.  W.  1  ;  and  c/o  Commander-in-Chief,  Capt  of  Oood  Hope 

Station,  c/o  G.P.O. 
IBTO     Briqgs, Thomaa  Henry,  M.A., Roek Ilonie,  Lyamoiilh  8.0.,N.IkvoH. 
1894     Briqht,  Percy  M.,  Clierilon,  26,  Portcheater-roail,  Bovnirmoutli. 

1909  Bbittbn,  Harry,  Myrtle  View,  Windmill-road,  Beadington,  Ox(m. 
1902     Brouobton,  Major  T.  Delves,  R.K,  Mhoie,  India. 

1878    Bbodn,  Major  Thomaa,  Chev.  Legion  of  Honour,  Sfoutit  Albert, 

Aitcl-liiiiil,  N(vy  Zealanil. 
1904     Brown,  Henry  H.,  Toioer  Einue,  8,  BntnUJUJd-terraet,  Edinburgh. 

1910  Brownc,  Horftce  B.,  M.A.,  Park  Htirsl,  Morley,  Yorka. 

1911  Brutzkr,  Rev.  Henry  W.,GceatBotnIen  Viairagf,  Mai^t  Harboro'. 
1909     Bryant,  Gilbert  E.,  Fir  Grore,  Edut,  Surrey. 
ISftSfBuCHAN-HsPDORN,   Sir    Arcliibnld,   Burt,   J.P.,    D.L.,    SmeaUm- 

Ilepburn,  Prtitoukirk. 
1917     BuLKLny,  Dr.  George  Oranville,  M.D.,  F.S.A.,  Ryt  Croft  SouiK, 
Maiu:he»ttr-rnad,  Bury,  Lane*. 

1916  BruNlON,  Prof.  E,,  La  Lticiolc,  Aix-en-Provaice,  Vranee. 

1907     Bdueid,  Arthur,  F.S. A.,  Wimboro,  Midtomer  Norton,  SotnerKtAire. 
1896 1  Burr,  Malcolm,  D..Sc.,  F.L.S.,  F.Z.S.,  F.G.S.,  A.R.S.M.,  (V.-Prm., 
1912  ;  Council,  1903,  4,  1910-13),  The  DuUh  Cuttage,  Woking. 

1909  BDERUwa,  The  Rev.  C.  R.  N.,  The  Vicarage^  Mwhitig,  Stanfont-le- 

Hope,  fissar. 
lB68tBCTLBR,  Artiuir  G.,  Ph.D.,  F.L.S.,  F.Z.a,  (Sbc,  1875;   CoOMCIL 

1876),   Tbe  Liliei,  Beekenhamroml,  Becktnham. 
1683    BuTLKR,  Eilward  Albert,  B.A.,    B.Sc,    (CouNcn,    1914-16),  14, 

Drt^jtds-road,  Uurnsey,  N.  8. 
1902     BuTLKR,  William  E.,  ifu^ing  Emar,  Oxfmd-road,  Beading. 
190&     BUTTBRFIELD,  Jos.  A.,  B.Sc.,  Oi-mesby,  21,  DorvUleroad,  Lee,  S.E. 
1914  t  BuTTERFiBLU,  Roase,  Curator,  Corporation  MvKam,  KeighUjf,  Yorkt. 
I912tBnxToiJ,  Patrick  Alfred,  M.B.O.U.,  Fairhilt,  Tot^ridge;  and  40, 

Gidogtm  Plfice,  Londtm,  S.W. 
1904     Byatt,  Horace  A-,  B.A.,  The  Palace,  Malta. 

1917  Cambron,  Dr.  Alfred  E.,  M.A.,  D.Sc,  The  Sntoinotogical  Branch, 

VtjHiHm^nt  of  Agrieidlurt,  0»ch(v(,  tVixurf-t. 
1902     Caueron,  Malculin,  M.B.,  li.N.,  7,  Blei«ngltm-road,  Lee,  S.E. 
1885    CAypBELi^    FraiiciB    Mniile,    F.L.S.,  F.Z.S.,  etc.,  BrynUwyd«yn, 

MachytiUeth,  Mniitgomerydi'ire. 
1898     C'ANDiiZB,  L^on,  Mont  St.  Martin  7S,  Liige. 
1680     Cansoalb,  W.  D.,  S«h«.v  Hani;  Simlh  Norieooti,  S.E.  25. 
1889     Cant,  A.,  33,  Feftingroad,  Pu/iwi/,  S.W.j  and  c/u  Fredk.  Du  Can* 

Godniaii,  Esq.,  F.H.S.,  45,  PonZ-rfrerf,  S.W.  1. 

1910  Carmer,   E.  Wace,   M.D.,  F.R.S.E.,  Momiimside,   GranvilU-road, 

Dorridge,  and  The  University,  Birmingham. 


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(     "ii     ) 

1692     Cabpinter,  The  Hunble.  Mrs.  Beatrice,  28,  (frmrenor-road,  S.W.  1. 

1910  Carpenter,  Geoffrey  D.  H.,  D.M.,  B.Ch.,  Vgnnda  Medical  Sereice, 

Uganda  ProtectoiaU. 
1895     Cahpentkr,  Prof.  Oeorge  H.,  B.A.,  B.Su.,  Royni  CoUfge  of  Science, 

Dublin. 
1898     Carpbntbb,  J.  H.,  Bedcot,  Belmont-iwid,  Leiitherhead. 
191fi     Carb,  Professor  John  Wesley,  M.A..  F.L.S.,  F.G.S.,  Professor  of 

Biolt^y,  Vniverritij  CtiUfgt,  Nottingham. 
19ia     Carr,  William,  B.Sc,  Station-road,  Bentham,  Lanctiater. 

1911  Uabson,  Oeoige  Moffatt,  Ei)tomolo>;itit  to  the  GoveiDtnent  of  New 

Guinea,  Pm't  Mortshy,  Papuii,  rid  Avatralia. 
1895     Cabtbr,  Sir  Gilbert,  K.C.H.O.,   GreyHiffe.    toirer   IVarbeny-road, 
Tanfuay. 

1912  Carter,  Henry  Frani'is,  AMiHtant  Letlurer  and  Deinonstnitor  in 

Uedical  and  Economic  Enlonioliigy,  LIrerpool  Srhool  of  Tropical 

Mtdieitie,   Vmrersily  of  Liverpool. 
190fl     Carter,    H.   J.,    B.A.,    Ganmrillah,    Kintore-slreH,    Wnkroongn, 

Syditey,  N.S.  W. 
1900     Cakteb,  J.  W..  15,  WeUfidd-road,  Heaion,  Bradford. 
1889 1  Cave,  Charles  J.  P.,  DiUham  Park,  Ptterffieid. 
1900    Chamberlain,  Neville,  WedboMrne,  Edgbastoii,  Biiiiiingham. 
1871     CHAMP10N,GeorgeC.,F.Z.S.,  A.L.S.,  Librarian,  1891-    (COUNCIL, 

1875-7);  liuilhereule,  llondl,  Wokii>g;&nA  45,  f.m(-ir(cee(,S.W.  1. 
1914    Champion,  Harry  Geoiye,  B.A.,  As»islnnt  Conservator  of  Forests, 

W.  Almora,  U.P.,  India. 
I89t     Chafhan,    Thoinas    A]){eriion,    M.D..    F,Z.S.,    Vice -Prrsi dent, 

(V.-Pbeh.,    1900,    1904-5,    1908,    IDlti ;    Ciiuncil,    1898-1900, 

1903-5,  1907-9,  191fr-     ),  BHida,  ReigaU. 
1897     CUAn-NBR,  Misa  EUiel  F.,  Forett  Bank,  L>jndhurat  S.O.,  Hantt. 

1913  Cheavin,  Harold  S.,  F.R.M.S.,  F.N.P.S.,  The  (ilenroy  Hotel,  S2, 

Wobam  Place,  Ku^M-nquuTe,  W,C. 
1902    Chbbbhan,  E.  M. 
1889     Cheibtt,  William  M.,  M.A.,  F.L.S.,  Waltrijalf,  Bingiixirth. 

1914  CBR¥HT4^  R.  Neil,  B.Sc.,  377,  Fimt-arenae,  Oltatm,  Canada. 
1909     Clark,  Major  C.  Turner,  F.Z.S.,  UiUtred,  tit.  A^guatitt^t-avenuf, 

8.   Croydim. 
1908     Clark,    Edgar   L.,    Laureslim,    llidije    Koad,    Overpmi,    Vurhan, 

Natal. 
1914    Clbare,  Ii.  D,,  Dcpt.  of  Scienoe  and  Agriculture,   Qeorgetoim, 

BritiA  Guiana. 
1914    Cleouorn,    Miss    Maude    Lina    West,    F.L.S.,    5,   Alipore-road, 

CaleulUi,  India. 
1908    Clditebbdck,  Charles  Q,,  HeaOi^ide,  23,  BeathviUe-road,  Glonctaltr, 
1908     Clotterbock,  P.  H.,  Indian  Forest  Deparliaent,  Naini  2'al,  United 

Provinces,  Inditi. 
1904    CoCEATNE,  Edward  A.,  M.A.,  M.D.,  (Couscil,  1915-  ),  16,  Cam- 

bridge'tquare,  London,  W.  2. 


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1917     CocKBRELii,  Prof.  T.  D.  A.,  Uiiirtraity  of  Colorado,  Colorado,  U.S.A. 

1917  C0CK8,  Frederick,  26,  Crotim-street,  Reading. 

1914     CoLEHAN,  Leslie  C,  Dept,  of  Agriculture,  Bangalore,  Mgaore,  India. 

1899  CoLUN,  Jauiea    K,  F.Z.S.,   (V.-Pres.,    1913;   Council,   1904-6, 

1913-1.^),  Silfsfx  Liidge,  Neicmarket 

1906  COLLINGB,  Walter  E.,  D.Sc.   (St.   And,),    M.Sc.  (Birm.),  F.I--S., 

Research  Fellow  of  the  University  of  Si.  Aadrewfi,  The  Galty 
Marine  Litboraiory,  St.  Andreu»,  Scotlatid. 
1813     COHEY,  MisB  Blanohe  A.,  The  Poplam,  Pwklechiirch,  OloucesUrAire. 

1916  CoRNFORD,  The  Rev.  Bruce,  13,  Bavelock-road,  Porttmoath. 
1911     Cotton,  Sidney  Howard,  1a,  Oieslerfield-atreet,  Maiifair,  W.  1. 
1913    Coward,  Thomax  Alfred,  F.Z.S.,  36,  George- street,  Manditster. 
1895     Crabtreb,  Benjamin  Hill,  Crinyte  Lodge,  Leventliulnic,  Maiichetltr. 
1913    Craog,  Cajjt.  F.  W.,  M.U.,  I.M.S.,  i/o  MeBsrs.  Cos  &  Co.,  ffomfey- 

road,  Madras,  India. 

1909  Crawlby,  W.  C,  B.A.,  (Codncil,  1917-  ),  29,  Holland  Parkroad, 

W.4. 
1890     Cbewe.  Sir  Vauncey  Harpnr,  Bart.,  Calke  Abbey,  Derby fhtre. 
1880 1  Crisp,  Sir  Frank,  LL.B..  B.A.,  J.P. 

1907  Ckopt,  Eilward  Oetaviua,  M.D.,  28,  Clurtndon-rixid,  Leeds. 

1908  COLPIN,  Millais,  M.B,,  F.R.C.S.,  The  Pak,ce  Hold,  Shanghai. 
1908     Cdrtis,  W.  Parkinson,  Aysgnrth,  P,«Je,  Dorse*. 

1901     Dadd,  Eiiivard  Mftrtia(ftu/tfel/e)i  Internment  Gamj/). 

1900  Dalglish,  Andrew  Adie,  7,  Keir-tfrfet,  PnUnkshidds,  Glasgow. 
1907     Uambs,  Felii  L.,  10,  LorlzingslTaate,  BeHin-Lichterfelde. 

1886  Danmatt,  Walter,  6V,  LaMrenee,  Gaitxd-road,  Lee,  8.E. 

1911  Davet,  H.  W.,  Inspector  of  Department  of  Agriculture,  Mdboume, 

Victoria,  Awtlralia. 
1913     Davidson,  Jamea,  M.St.,   Imperial    Cdlrge  11/  Science   and   Teeh- 

nolojfy.  South  E'ensinjrfoii,  S.W. 
1906     Davidson,  James  D.,  32,  Druinsheiigh  Gardens,  Edinburgh. 

1918  Davis,  Frederick  Lionel,  J.P.,  SLB.C.S.,  L.lt.C.P.,  Belize,  British 

EonduToa. 

1910  DAW80.V,  William  Qeon{e,  Manor  Hviise,   Upper   Wi-k,   Woi-ctiter. 
1903     Day,  F.  H.,  26,  Cnrroekderrace,  Carlide. 

1898     Day,  G.  O.,  Sahiahlon,  Ditneau')  Stalion,  Vanconvei-  Inland,  Britith 
Colundiia. 

1912  Dkwitz,  Dr.  John,  Devunt-let- Fonts,  Mttz,  Loi-raine. 

1913  Dickinson,  Barnard  Oimiston,  B.A.,  Beech  Bill,  Xewport,  Salop. 

1917  DiCKSEE,  Arthur,  24,  Lij/ord-road,  Wandsirvrfh  Coiumon,  W.  18. 
1675    Distant,   William    Lucas,  (V.-Prb8.,    18B1,    1900 ;    Sec,    1878- 

80;    Council,    1900-2),    Glenni-Ie,    170,    Birc)Mw,er-rv'id,   South 
Norwood,  S.E.  25. 

1887  DiiEY,  Frederick  Aii^^UBlus,  M.A.,  M.D.,  F.E.S,,  Fellow  and  Bursar 

of  Wadhani  College,  (Pre«.,  1909-10;   V.-Pres.,  1904-S,  1911  j 
CODNCIL,  1895,  1904-6),   Wailham  College,   Oxford. 


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{  "  ) 

1909  t  DOBBOS',  Thomas,  399,  Ploddrrlanr,  Famtmrih,  nr.  Bolton. 

1905  DoDD,  Frederick  P.,  Kuranda,  via  Oairtu,  Qutendand. 

1912  DoiG,  Capt.  Kenneth  Alan  Crawford,  R.A.M.C,  M.aC.S.,  LR.C.P., 

c/o  Messrs.  Holt  &  Co.,  3,  W hiUtuUl-plact,  London,  S.W.  I. 

1906  DoLLiiAN,  Hereward, Hort  Hmttt,  Nemton-grote,  Btdford-park,  W.  i. 
1903     DoLLHAH,  J.  C,  Bore  Souat,  NtiBton-grore,  Btd/ordparl;  W.  4. 
1906     DONCABTBR,  Leonard,   M.A-,  Tht  Unitertity  Mfueum  of  Zoology, 

Cambridge. 
1B91     DoHiBTBOBPK,    Horace    Si.    John    R.,    F.Z.S.,  (V.-Pres.,    1911  ; 
CoraciL,   1899-1901,  1910-12),  DurandtMiorpe,   19,  nailetcrtt- 
road,  Putruy,S.W.  15. 

1913  Dow,  Waller  James,  5,  Grtat  GAttgestretl,  Wtstminster,  S.W.  1. 

1910  DowhE8-Shiw,  Rev.  Archibald,  Scollon  Rictory,  Gaiiuborough. 

1884  Drocb,  Hamilton  H.    C.  J.,  F.Z.S.,  (Council,  1903-6),  TrtfuiU 

Lodge,  3,  Nor/M-road,  N.W.  8. 
1900     Drdkt,  W.  D.,  Olamufon,  Laton-ivad,  Boating*. 
1894    Dddokom,  O.  C,  Director  General  of  the  Dept.  of  Agriculture, 

iltadi,  Cairo. 
1913     DrFFiKLD.  Charles  Albaa  William,  Stowting  Beiiory,  Hyttie,  and 

Wyt  College,  Kent. 
1906     DoKinriBLD  Jombb,  E.,  Gattro,  BeigaU- 

1883  DuRRANT,  John  Hartley,  (V.-Prb8.,  1912-13;   CollKCl^  1911-13), 

Jfe./™,  17.  Buritock'toad,  Putney,  S.W.  15;  and  BritiA MitM^m 
(Ifalurat  Biatory),  Cromnxllroad,  South  Kenainglon,  S.W,  7. 

1910  Eales-Wbiib,  J.  Ciishnj,  47,  Chetter-lerrare,  Butonaqimre,  S.W.  t. 

1912  Earl,  Herbert  L.,  M.A.,  1 2,  AnondaU-road  NuHh,  Soiilhport,  Lana. 

1885  Eatoh,  Tlie  Bev.  Alfred  Edwin,  M.A.,  (Council,  1877-9),  Rich- 

mond Villa,  Norlhaia  S.O.,  N.  Dtron. 

1902  Edelstrn,  Hdbert  M.,  The  Elnu,  Forty  Bill,  E'\/ietd,  Middlesex. 

1911  Edwards,  F.  W.,  KiTtgamar,  Comwall-road.  Barrow. 

1886  Edwards,  James,  Coleabnme,  CheUenham. 

1884  Edwards,  Stanley,   F.L.S.,  F.Z.S.,    (Council,   1912-14),  15,  St. 

aermant-plaee.  BUckhmtk,  S.E.  3. 

1913  Edwards,    William    H.,  Nattirtd    UvA<ny    Xkpt.,   The    Mu»r><m, 

Birmingham. 
1916     ErPALATOUN,  Hiaean,  Chftuhrah-arentis,    Cairo,    Eyifjit,   aiul   8.E. 

AgrictMural  CoQege,  Wye,  Kent. 
1900     EmOTT,  E.  A..  16,  Bdaist  Orere,  UompsUad,  N.W. 
1900    Ellis,  H.  Willoiighby,   F.Z-S.  (CovKCI^  19ie-    ),  3.  Lauuisler- 

}iaee,  BeUin  Park,  N.W.  3. 

1903  Eltrihoham,    Harry,    M.A.,    D.Sc,    F.Z.S.,    (V.-Pbes.,    19U; 

CoUKCIL,  19)3-15),  IToorf/ioiwe,  Slroxid,  Gtimceslfrshire ;  and  Bope 
DepartmeiU,  Cnirtraity  Mvatum,  Oxford. 
1878    Elwes,  Henry  John,  J.P.,  P.R.S.,  F.L.S.,  F.Z.S.,  (Pres,,  1893-4 ; 
T.-Pbim.,  1889-90,  1892,  1895;  Council,  1888-90),  Coltabome, 
Ch^tKham. 


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1914     Ehhftt,  Capt.  Charles  P.,  1,  High  Gliff  Villa,  Felii»lowv. 

1903     Etheridob,  Robert,  Citrator,  A'tttralian  Mntenm,  Sydniy,  N.H.  W. 

1908  Eustace,  EiiBtace  Maltabone,  M.A.,  Wi-liingUm  CMege,  Berk*. 

1909  EvANB,  Frank  J.,  Superintendent  of  Agriculture,  Calabar,  EaMem 

Fiwintt,  S.  Nigtria. 

1917    Farquhaksoh,  Charles  C^ilvie,  M.A.,  B.Sr.,  Government  Agri- 
cultural Department,  hfoor  Plantation,  Ibadtin,  Nigeria,. 

1907  Fbather,  Walter,  Kihivtzi,  Brilith  Enat  Africa, 

1900    Fblthah,     H.    L.    L.,     MtrriinfUe    Buildings,    S'lmmands-istrett, 

JofianHtibitrg,  Traiuroal. 
1861     Fbnn,  Chflrieo,  Evenden  Houte,  Burnt  Anli  Hill,  I.tt,  S.E.  12. 

1910  FKslEe,  A.,   M.D.,   170,    ffoHh    Grange    Gron-Arenut,   Paiadeua, 

Califoraia,   U.S.A. 
1889     Fernald,  Prof.C.  H.,  c/o  H.T.  Fern  aid,  Esq..  A  mherst,  Masx.,  U.S.A. 
1900     FiHTB,  J.  Digby,  F.L  S.,  Boi/,'  Modei-n  Schod,  Letdt. 
1900     Flbmvhg,  The  Rev.  Canon  W.  Westropp,  M.A.,  Oxi/fin,  FmOaiii,  en. 

WaUrfoiiI. 
1898     Flbtchbr,  T,  Bainbrigge,   R.N.,  Agricultitml   Kesearch   IiutiMt, 

FiUKi,  Bihar,  India. 
1683 1  Flbtcher,  William  HuDatid  B.,  M.A.,  Aldwkk  Mamir,  Bngnur. 
1905     Flokrsheiii,  Cecil,  1(1,  KetiMngton  dturl  JtfutMtuiu,  8.W. 
1885     FoKKER,  A.  J.  F.,  ZierXhxee,  Zeeland,  NelhrniaiuU. 
1914    FoHDHAM,  William  John,  M.B.C.S.,  L.R.C.P..  The  TiUa,  Bnhrilh, 

Selbii,  Yorbi. 
1913    FoBTKR,  Arthur  H.,   M.B.CS.,  L.R.C.P.(Eng.),  M.K.O.U,,  Sutiex 

Hmue,  Hitchiu,  HrrU. 
1900     FOULKBS,  p.  Hedworth,  B.Sc,  Ha^'per- Adunui  Agri-mltuini  CalUgt, 

Neioport,  Salop. 
1893     FoUHTAINB,    Miss    Marfjaret,    1727,    Wilcnx-ntenue,    Lot    AngeUt, 

Cali/.irniti,  U.S.A. 
1880    Fowler,  Tlie  Rev.  Canon,  D.Sc,  M.A.,  F.L.S,  (Pbes.,  1901-3; 

V.-Frbs.,  1903  ;  Skc.,  18«(i-96),  Eiiiiev  Virar.ige,  near  Reading. 

1908  Fraber,   Frederick  C,  Caiit.,  H,U,  I.M.S.,  i/o  The  Ent.  See  of 

IB96     Frbke,  Percy  Evans,  Soulhpi/iiit,  Lima-road.  Fotkesloiie. 

1888    Fremun,  H.  Stitart,  M.R.C.8.,  L.R.C.P.,  3tarhmth,  Nelhtratreet, 

North  Fiurhley. 
1910     Fribbt,  G,  E.,  31,  Daniley-road,  Oraveaemf. 
1908    Frooqatt,  Waller  W.,F.Ii,S.,  Government  Entomologist,  138,  (?«(ti'ge- 

itreet,  Sydney,  New  Soiilh  Wales. 
1891     Frohawk,  F,  W.,  Stanley  Ilimx,  Fark-road,  WaUington,  Suirey. 
1906 1  Frt,   Harold  Armstrong,  F.O.   Bux  46,   Johanneaburg,    Transvaal 

Coloiiy. 
1900     Frier,  H.  Forteacne,  The  Prtoiij,  OiatUris,  Cambs. 
1907    Frter,  John  Claud  Fortescue,  M.A.,  (Codncil,  1916-    ),  Board 

of  Agriculture  and  Fitherttt,  NorthfUiAertand'avenue,  W.C,  2. 


ih,Cooi^lc 


J87«  Poller,  Tlie  Eev.  Alfred,  M.A.,  3V  Lodgt,  7,  SyitfAam-kiU, 
S^detAam,  S.E.  36. 

1898  FuLLEB,  Claude,  Government  Entoniolt^lst,  PielermarilzbiiTg,  NataL 
1687     Uahan,  Charlea  Joflepb,  M.A.,  D.Sc.,  Prbsidkkt,  (7.~Prbb.,  1918; 

Sue.,  1899-1900;  Council,  1893-5,  1901.  1914-  ),  B,  LontdaU- 
road,  Bt4ford  Park,  W.  4  ;  and  Brilith  J/nmuhi  {Natui-al 
Hutory),  (7rOTlWPeH-r.Hu/,  S.W.  7. 

1890     Qabdnib,  John,  Laarei  Lodgty  Hart,  Weti  Harllepool. 

1901 1  Oakdkir,  WiUoughby,  F.L.S.,  F.S.A.,  Dtgantoy,  N.  Waltt. 

1913     DB  Gavk,  J.  A.,  Kin^a  College,  Lagos,  S.  Nigeria, 

1899  Geldaht,  William  HortiD,  &[.A.,  10,  Chadiington-Toad,  Oxford. 

1913  Gibb,  Uchlan,  3d,  BlactJitalh  Park,  Btackheath,  S.E.  3. 
1906»tGiBBa,  Arthur  Ernest,  F.L.S.,  F.Z.S.,  (CouNCl^  1912-14,  1917X 

Houndtpath,  Upptr  Marthormt^-road,  St.  Albant. 
1915     Gibbon,   ArtJior,   Bntomologieat    Branrh,    Dept.    of   AgncuUvrt, 
OUaioa,  Canada. 

1908  GlrFARD,  Walter  M.,  P.O.  Box  308,  Honolvlu,  Baunii. 

1907    GiLU,  U«nT7  Marray,  Mead  Keeper  uf  Zoologiral  Gardens,  Sovih 

Perth,  W.  Aiatralia. 
1904    QiLUAT,    FnDcis,    B.A.,    Windham    dxtb,    St.    Jama'i-tquart, 

PtemdiUy,  S.W.  1. 

1914  GoDrBET,  B.  J.,  Education  Dept.,  Batigkok,  Siam. 

1866 1  GoDHAS,  Frederick  Du  Cane,  D.CL.,  F.It.S.,  F.L.S.,  F.Z.S.,{PbM., 
1891-2  ;  V.-Pbeb.,  1882-3, 1886,  1889-90, 1903;  CodkCTL,  1880- 
1,  1900),  South  Lodge,  Lower  Betdiiig,  HoriAam;  and  45,  Pont- 
itreet,  S.W. 

1886*tO<x>DRiCH,  Capt.  A.  Mainwaring,  Bridington  Hmite,  nr.  BritM. 

1904  Goodwin,  Edward,  Canon  Court,  Watei-ingbitrt/,  Kent. 

1898     Gordon,  J.  G.  McU.,  Coiaemahie,  Whauphilt  S.O.,  Wtgloaiisliiri:. 
1898    Gordon,  R.  S.  G.  McH.,  Drumblair,  Invemen. 
18S5    GoRiiAM,  The  Bev.  Heniy  Stephen,  F.Z.S.,  (Codncil,  1882-3),  High- 
croft,  Great  Malvern. 

1913  GoDOH,  Lewis,  Ph.D.,  Entomologist  to  the  Govt,  of  Egypt,  Depl.  of 

AgriniUure,  Cairo. 

1909  GOWDKV,   Carlton   C.,'  B.Sc.,    Bioiogmd  Laboratory,  P.O.  Box.  5, 

Kampalu,  Uganda,  E.  Africa. 

1914  Gravslbt,  F.  H.,  The  Indian  Mtuenm,  Cak'Uta. 
1911     Grates,  Capt  P.  P.,  Tnr/auh,  Cairo,  Bgijpt. 

189ltGRE>N,  E.  Emeat,  F.Z.S.,  (V.-Preb.,  1915;  Council,  1914-16), 
Wai/i  End,  BewA  uwtnw,  CanAerieg. 

1910  Green,  Herbert  A.,  The  Cerdral  fire  Station,  Durban,  Natal. 
1894     Obebn,  J.  F.,  F.Z.S.,  49,  Fictoria-road,  Eeneington,  W.  8. 

1893 1  Grbenwood,  Henry  Powy^  F.L.S.,  WhiUsbury  Hovae,  Sati^Hry. 
1886  Griffiths,  G.  C,  F.Z.S.,  PerAurit,  3,  Lagh-r-xtd,  Ciiftou,  BriMtol. 
1894    QRiuaBAW,  Percy  H.,  Royal  Seottiih  Mueeuui,  Edinburgh. 

1905  Grist,  Charlea  J.,  Tht  Crofi,  Carol  Gretn,  SerkitciU,  Coventry. 

1906  Gurnet,  Gerard  H.,  Ketwiek  Haii,  Nonvich. 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


19)0    Gdbnbt,   WiUiam  B.,   Aut.  Gov't.  Entomologist,  Departfiunt  of 
AffrieuUim,  Sydnty,  Australia. 

191S    Hackkr,  Henry,  BatttTfieidartet,  Botoen  Bridge-road,  Britbant, 

Quetmlandi 
1906     Hall,  Arthur,  7,  Fark-lane-mantion*,  Croydon. 
1890tHiL^  Albert  Eraent,  e/a  City  Librarian,  Surrey-Ortet,  Sheffield. 
1885     Hau^  Thomas  William.  Slaahope,  The  Crtieent,  Croydon. 
1912    Hallttt,     Howard     Mountjoj,    64,     lVe»a>ourn*-Toad,     Penartlt, 

Qtamorgantkire. 
1898    Hamltn-Harkib,  R.,  D.Sc.,  P.L.S.,  F.Z.S.,  FB.M.S.,  Director  of  the 

QueenaUnd  Mnsenm,  SL  Bonatu,  Wilston,  Britbone,  Aiutralia. 

1915  Hanm,  Albert  Harry,  22,  Southfietdroad,  Oxford. 

1891     HamFSOW,  Sir  George  Fiancie,  Bart,  B,A.,  F.Z.S.,  (V.-Pbbs.,  1698  ; 

CocxciL,  1890-8X  62,  Slanhopt-gardent,  S.W.  7- 
1891     Hanbdby,  Frederick  J.,  F.L.S.,  BroekhurtI,  E.  GrintUad. 
1905 1  Hancock,  JoMph  L.,  5454,  Unieerrity-arvniK,  Chicago.  U.S.A. 

1916  HANirmoTON,  Frank,  c/o  Ueaars.  Parry  &  Co.,  Madra*,  India. 

1917  Habding,  WiUiam  G.,  A*cham,  St.  Finrmfs  Mead^  BatOionmt. 

1903  Hakk,  E.  J.,  4,  New-i^uare,  LtfKoin's  Inn,  W.C.  S. 

1904  Harrib,  Edward,  50,  WiUon.tlmt,  FinAury,  E.G. 

1910     Hahwood,  Philip  Bernard,  2,  Fern  miat,  M^ford-road,  Sudbury. 

1910    Hawkshaw,  J.  C. 

1913 1  Hawkbhaw,  Oliver,  3,  HilUtreet,  Maufair,  W.  1. 

1910    HBDais,  Alfred  van  der,  Stvke  Botat,  Stoke  Mandttaie,  Buela. 

1910    Hbndkrsos,  J.,  e/o    Messrs.   Osborne   &  Cbappel,  Ipoh,  PerA, 

Ftderattd  Malay  Stattt. 
1896     Hekon,  Francia  A.,  B.A.,  9,  Park  Hmitt,  Highbury  Pari;  N.  5. 
1003     Hirkod-Hkmpball,   Williaui,    W.B.C.    Apiary,  Old  Bed/ord-road, 

Z.ut«n,  Btdt. 
1908    HBwm,    C.    Gordon,    D.Sc.,   Dominion    Entomologist,  Ztept.   •/ 

AfricMltuTt,  OttavM,  Canada. 
1913     Hnrnr,  John,   B.A.,   Director,   Albany   Muieum,   GrahamtUwn, 

S.  Africa. 

1913  Hill,   Geiald    F.,   OotL    Entomologist,   Port    Ztaricin,    VorUent 

Territori/,  Smith  Afittralia. 
1876  t  HlLLUAli,  Thomas  Stanton,  Ba»(gate-»trttt,  Ltttt*. 
1907     Hoar,  Thomas  Frank  Partridge,  Mercio,    Albar\y-road,  LetgUoa 

B'osard, 
1917     UocKIN,  John  W.,  CuMetlrtet,  Launce^on. 

1914  HoDaB,Tbe  itev.  Prebendary  Edward  Grose.  The  Vicaragt,  Pad- 

dington,  W.  2. 
1912     HoDOE,  Harold,  St.  Jamc,  Maruioni.  54,  Piecndaiy,  W. 
1883     HoDSOS,  The  Rev.  J.  H.,  B.A^  B.D.,  Jlh[iddi,tgto.i,  aiflon  DrtW, 

Lytham. 
1903    HoLB,  R.  S.,  c'o  aieesrs.  King  and  Co.,  Boinkiy. 
1910     HoLTORD,  H.  C,  Slttead  Lodge,  Godulminy,  Sxtney. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


<  ™  ) 

1B87     Holland,  The    Rev.  W.  ).,  D.D.,    Ph.D.,    Camt^t    JITiiMum, 

PitUbargh,  Ptmi.,  U.S.A. 

1898    Holiia!.'-Hd!(t,  C.  B.,  Asst  Entoniologist,  Department  of  Agri- 
caltDK,  Knala  Lumpur,  Federalnl  Afnlay  Slattt. 

1910  HoLVES,  Edwud  Morrell,  itiifAmi,  Semtoakt. 

1901     HopsoN, Montagu  F.,L.D.S.,R.C.S.EnK,,F.L.S.,7.ffor(*y-»(rte(,W.  1. 

1897     HORKB,  Arthur,  Bonn- mi -(ml*,  Mnrllr,  AberdeaiihiTt. 

1903    HocoHTON,  J.  T..  1,  Purtlond-pdur*,  WoThop. 

1907  t  Howard,  C.  W.,  Cbnton  CArutinn  OoUegt,  Canton,  Otiaa. 

1900     UowEB,  W.  Geor)(e.  432,  George-atntt,  Dunidin,  .V«((r  Zwtand. 

1907     HoWLBTT,  Frank  H.,  M.A.,  Ws>notidkam,  So}iolk. 

1865  t  HODD,  A.  E.,  106,  Ptmbn>ke~road,  Cliftou,  Briitol. 

1888    HoDSOH,  George  Vernon,  BUI  View,  Karori,   Wellinglon,  Nam 

Zealand. 
1907     HuoBSS,  C.  N.,  178,  Oarenre  OaU-gankBi,  Regent'a  Parlf.  N.W.  1. 

1912  UuiE,  Miss  Lily,  HMyKOod,  Cotinion-road,  Edinburgh. 
1917     Udnter,  David,  M.A.,  M.B.,  The  Coppice^  Nottingham. 

1897  Ihaqe,  Prof.  Selw)-n,U.A.,  (Council.  1909-11), 78,  ParUunt-roo^J, 

Oamden-road,  N.  7. 

1913  t  Imub,  a.  D.,  D.Sc,   B.A.,  F.L.S.,  Bntomdogiml  Dept.,  THt   {7m- 

vertUy,  Manchtrler. 

1906  Ibbv,  Col.  Leonard  Paul,  Bvinglon-plact,  Aihford,  Kent. 

1907  Jaci£,   Rupert  Wellstood,  Government  Entomologist,  Department 

of  Agriculture,  Satitbury,  Bhodttia. 
1917    Jackbon,  MiBB  Dorothy  J.,  Stcordalt,  Evantoa,  Bou-Airt. 
1907     JiCtSON,  P.  H.,  112,  BaUutm-park-Toad,  S.W.  12. 
1907     Jacobi,   ProtesBor   A,,   I'h.D.,   Director   of   the   B.   Zoological   and 

Anihrop.- Ethnographical  Uuseum,  Drttden,  Saxony. 

1911  Jacx^bs,  Capt.  J.  J.,  R.E.,  15,  Paget-tlrert,  OiUingham,  Kent. 

1910    Jacobs,  Lionel  L.,  c/o  Algoma  Steel  Corporation,  Sault  Ste,  Maiie, 
Ontario,  Giruirfa. 

1914  •  Jannings,  Bev.  Frederic  S.  F.,  fFarmtreorth  Rectory,  DotwuUr. 
1914    Janbe,  a.  J.  T.,  \>l-are4!t,  Ge:iiw,  Pretoria,  S.  Africa. 

ISea     Janson,  Oliver  E.,  44,  Great  Ranell-ttreet,  Bloomebury,  W.C.  1.  ; 
and  Cetlria,  Claremont-road,  HighgaU,  N.  6. 

1898  Janbom,  Oliver  J.,  Ce»tria,  Claremont-road,  Higkgate,  N.  8. 

1912  Jabdinb,  Nigel  K.,  SuntnwrAiK  Ho^tte,  WiBwioroiijA,  nr.  Aihford, 

Kent. 
1912     JKMHKrr,  C,  Withertdaw  Hmise,  Wye,  Kent. 
I8S6    Jbnker,  James  Herbert  Augiistue,  Eait  Oate  Houm,  Lewei. 

1899  Jknninqb,  F.  B.,  152,  SUver-iUreel,  Vpptr  Edmonton,  N.  18. 
1909    Jepsos,  Frank  P.,  Department  of  Agrictdt^ire,  Suva,  Fiji  Idaad*. 
1917    Jermts,  Col.  Tnrenne,  Highcliffe,  We»ion-mper-MaTt. 

1886     John,  Evan,  Llantritant  S.O.,  Glamorganthire. 

1D07     JoBRBOK,   Charles   Fielding,   West    Bank,  Didaburyroad.    Heaton 


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1917    Johnson,  Jaxe,  16  and  !7,  Mnnton-road,  Stafford. 

1889    JoBNBON,   The   Rev.    W.   F.,   M.A.,   Acton   UecUiry,  PoynU  Pan, 

CO.  A  nuagk. 
1908     JoiCBT,  James  J„  Tht  HUl,  WilUy,  Sun-ty. 

1888  Josis,  Albert  H.,  Trkabuhbr,  1904-  ,   (V,-Pres,,  1912,  CoONCiI, 

1898-1900),  Shrttbtamh,  Eilhani,  S.E.     ' 
I894tJoRDAK,    Dr.     K.,    (V.-Prbb.,    1909;    CoiiNCii,;    1909-11).     The 

ifmeum,  Tring. 
1910    Joseph,  E,  G.,  83,  OanricanU-ganleni,  W,  2. 

1910  Jot,  Emeat  Cooper,  Etxr»lty,  Dale-road,  Furiey. 
1902    Joi,  Norman  H.,  M.R.C.S.,  L.RC.P.,  Theide,  Berkt. 
1913    JoNK,  WUhelm,  68,  Sach*i»che-*tra>»e,  Berlin,  W.  15. 

1876 1  Kat,  Jolm  Dunning,  Leede. 

1896 1  Kayk,  William  James,  (CocBCl^  1906-8),  Cai-acas,  Ditloii  BUI, 

Surtitai. 
1907     Kbllt,  Albert  Ernest  McClure,  Division  of  Entomology,  Department 

o(  Agricultare,  Fntoria,  S.  A/riea. 
1690    Kbukice,  Sir  George    H.,    Whetttone,  Somertel-road,  BtigbaHon, 

Birmingham. 

1904  Kershaw,  O.  Bertram,  IngUside,  West  Wk/clutm,  Kent. 

1905  KlINES,  John  Neville,  M.A.,  D.So.,  6,  Harvey-road,  Cambridge. 
1900     Kbts,  James  H.,  7,  Whimple-itrwi,  Ftyntoulh. 

1911  Khdnan,  Kunui,  M.A.,  Asst.  Entomologist  to  the  Govt,  ot  Mysore, 

BanyeUore,  South  India. 

1912  Kino,  Haroltl  H.,  Govt.  Entomologisl,  Gordon  College,  Kharioma, 

Stutan. 

1889  Kino,  Prof.  Jaraea  J.  F.-X.,  1,  AthUe  Gnrdent-tenace,  Kdvituide, 

GlaMgow. 

1913  KiRBT,  W.  Egmont,  M.D.,  MUden,  48,  Sutton  Court-road,  Gkiemrk, 

W.  4. 
1917     KiRKPATRICK,  Thos.  W.,  The  De<inriij,  Ely,  and  Room  270,  iVnr 

Office,  WhiMiaU,  S.W, 
1889     Klapaler,  Professor  Franz,  Karlin  263,  Prague,  Buhemia. 
1887tSLSiN,    Sydney    T.,    F.L.S.,    F.ll.A.S.,   Ilalheilow,    RaglaH-rottd, 

1917     KuBBEZov,    Nicholas    J.,    The    Imperial    Aeademy    of    Srienrei, 
Petrograd. 

1916  Laiko,  Frederick,  Natwai  Hiilnry  Mmenm,  Oromtcdl-road,  S,W.  7. 
1910     Lakin,     C.   Ernest,    M.D.,   F.R.CS.,   2,    Park-cretcent,    Portland. 

place,  W.  1. 
1911 1  Lamborn,  W,  a.,  M.R.C.3.,  LR.C.P.,  Zomba,  Nyas<d<ind,  R  Africi. 

1917  LAHaHAH,  Rir  Charles,  Bart,,  Tempo  Mniuir,  Co.  Fermanagh. 
191C     Latta,  Prof.  Robert,  D.Phil.,  Univerntij  of  Glatgow. 

1912     Latoor,  Cyril  Engeihart,  Port  of  Spniii,  Trinidad,  BrUith   Wttt 

IndU$. 
1895    Lattbb,  Oswald  H.,  M.A^  Oharterhovte,  Godalming. 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


(     "i     ) 

1899  Lea,   Arthur  H.,   GoTemmeut   Entomologist,  Uwtmm,  Addaidt, 

S.  Aa^ralia. 
1914    LXBOHMAK,  Alleyne,  M.A.,  F.L.S.,  F.C.3.,  Cbrpui  ChriUi  CoUegt, 
Oxford;    and    SI.    Uiibcrt't,    Mai»-ilrtel,    Georgetoini,    Britiih 

1910     Leioh,  R.  S.,  The  Univerniy,  Maneheder. 

1900  Leiqh-Phiujps,  Rer.  W.  J.,  Bvrtie  yicarage,  Bridi/wattr. 
1003t  Lrvett,  Tito.  B«T.  Thomu  Prinsep,  Frtnehgale,  Riehmond,  Yoikt. 
1876    Lawis,  Geoige,  P.L.S.,  (CouNcI^  1878, 1884).  30.  Shvmcliffe-Toad, 

PUktttone. 
190St  Lewis,  John Spedaii,  ChoM  Fami,GruHfiyTdOntn,Sovlh  Barrow; 
and  277,  Oxford^treet,  W. 

1892  LiOHTFOOT,  R.  M.,  Sooth  Afriean  M>ueam,  Cape  Tom*,  Capt  of 

QoodHopt. 
1914     LiSTKR,  J.  J.,  8t.  John'*  OuUege,  Cambridge;  anil  Mttion  Houm, 

Oranichetter,  CatahM. 
1903     LlTTLBB,  Frank  M.,  Box  114,  P.O.,  LaMKt*Uyn,  Tamiania. 
1865 1  Llewelyn,    Sir    John    Talbot    Dillwyn,    Bart.,    M.A.,    F.L.S., 

PeulUrgare,  Saatuea. 
1881  fLt^lD.  Alfred,  F.C.S.,  7'lie  Dome,  Bognor. 
1885tLLoyp,  Robert  Wylie,    ^CoDNCl^  1900-1),  I,  5  and  6,  Albany, 

Pieeadia^,  W.  1. 
1903     LOTTHonsB,  Thoroa!)  Ashton,  The  Ornfi,  Linlhorpe,  MiitdUibroagh. 

1908  LoNGHDOS,  D.,  The  Flower  Hmae,  Southend,  Catford,  S.E.  6. 
1904t  LososTAir?,    George    Bluudell,     U.A.,    M.D.,    Vic-if-pRRaiDBNT, 

(V.-Pre§.,  1909,  1915  ;   Council,    1907-9,   1915-  ),  HigUandt, 

Putney  Neath,  S.W.  15. 
1999    LouNflBDav,  Cliarlee  P.,  B.Sc.,  Government  Entoniologiit,  Box  513, 

Pretoria,  8.  Africa. 
1694    Lowe,  The  Rev.  Frank  E.,  M.A,,  Si.  SUphen't  Vieamge,  Otienitey. 

1893  TjOwkr,  Oflwuld  B.,  Piiutrro,  So>Uh  Auttnilia. 

1901  Lower,  Rupert  S.,  DaBonporl-Urraee,  WatfviUe,  So^Uh  Avdraiia. 
1909*  Lucas,  Dr.  T.   P.,   WakeJUld-buildinga,   Addaide-Hred,,  Bi-iabant, 

Av^Tidia. 
1898    LuCAB,  Williaui  John,  B.A.,  (Council,  1904-6),  86,  KnigM*  Park, 

Ki  aj/glou-on-  Tha  ma. 
1903     Ltbll,  G.,  Gvbome,  Fictoi-wi,  A\^Hndia. 
1912     LiLE,  Oeorga  Trevor,  MayfUld,  Limfi^d-iixtd,  Cambridge. 

1909  Lton,  Francis  Hamilton,  89,  Clarence  Oategardene,   Upper  Baker- 

Ureet,  N.W.  1. 

18S7     M'DouOALL,  James  ThoniBi,  Si.  Lawrence,  Itle  of  Wight. 

1910  Macdodoall,  R.  Stewart,  M.A,  D.Sc.,  F.R.S.K,  EditAurgh  Uni- 

1900     Mackwood,  The  Hon.  F.  M.,  M.L.C.,  Colombo,  Ceylon. 
1899 1  Main,  Hugh,  B.Sc,  (Coo kcil,  1908-10),  Almondaie,  Buckingham- 
road,  South  Woodford,  N.E. 


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1914    Mallock,  J.  Rtusel),  Sute  Entomologiat's  Office,  Grbana,  lUiioi*,- 

U.S.A. 
1905    Mallt,  Charles  Wm.,  H.Sc.,  Dtpt.  of  A^ricvltare,  Cape  Toien, 

5.  Africa. 

1892    MtDBDRtDQE,  WillUm,  4,  Niavnch-tXKid,  Wavertree,  Lirtrpoal. 

1894  t  Marbball,  Alick. 

1895  Marbhall,  Guy  Anstruther  Knoi,  D.Sc.,  F.Z.S^  (Codkcil,  1907-8), 

6,  Che*ter-plact.  Eydt  Park-tquart,  W.  2. 

1806     Mabsball,  p.,  M.A.,  B.Sc,   F.Q.S.,    Vnirertity  School  of  Minet, 

Dtiiwiin,  New  Zealand. 
1856«t Marbhall,  WilliBin,  V.M.H.,  F.RH.S^  Auehim-ailh,  Berley  S.O., 

Kent. 
1897    Mabtihkad,  Alfred  H.,  16,  AmmmorcToad,  W.  14, 
1910'tMABON,  C.  W.,  at.  Dmi>,  Shafit^ury,  Dontt. 
1895    Mabbet,  Herbert,  Ivy-Lea,  Bumage,  Didtbury,  Manchttltr. 
1B6B    Mathkw,  OervoM  V.,  F.L.S.,  Pay raaater-in -chief,  R.N.,  (Council, 

IBSTX  /■«  HauM,  Doverooarl,  Harieicb. 
1887     Uatthbws,  Corfndon,  SUi\iu«>ay,  Ptynuiock,  S.  Dtwn. 

1912  Madlik,  SftmArenda,  211,  Pu^cadiUy,  W. 

1900     Maxwsll-Lbpkot,  H.,  Imperud  College  of  Science  and  Technology, 

SmUh  KensingUm,  S.W. 
1916     Mat,  Harry  Haden,  BiackfTiari  Houte,  Plymo^Oh. 

1913  Meadsn.  Louis,  Melbourne,  Dyke-i-oad,  Preiton,  Brightem. 

16BS     Mbltill,  James  Coanio,  M.A.,  F.L.B.,  Meole  Brace  Hall,  Shrmr*- 

1007     Melville,  Mrs.  Cathariue  Maria,  Bedrers,  Eaa-road,  Saltath. 

1914  Menon,  J.  a,  B.A.,  Trichur,  Cochin  StaU,  S.  India. 

1867     Merrifield  Frederic,  (Pkes.,  190Li-6  ;  V.-Pres.,  1893,  1907  ;  Sbc., 
1897-il  ;  Council,  1894,  1899),  14,  aiftoa-tei-race,  Brighton. 

1912  Metcalfe,  Bev.  J.  W.,  The  Vicarage,  Ottery  St.  Mury,  Devon. 
1880     Mbtrick,  Edward,  B.A.,  F.R.S.,  F.Z.S.,  ThonJianger,  Marlborough. 
1883     Miles,  W.  H.,  c/o  E,  Step,  Esq.,  158,  Dora-road,  WiaibUdon  Park, 

S.W.  19. 

1913  Miller,  F.  V.  Bruce,  Liiingston,  N.  Rho-iesia,  Africa. 
1906     MiTFORP,  Robert  Sidney,  C.B.,  Tlwridea,  Weybridge. 

1914  MlCAK^,  Dr.  Tsunekata,   The  Agricidttiral  College,  Tokyo  Imperial 

Univereity,  Komaba,  Tokyo,  Japan. 
1879    MoNTBiRO,  Dr.  Antonio  AiiguslodeCarvallin,  70,  Rita  do  Aleeiinar, 

I90S     Montgomery,  Arthur  Meadowa,  34,  Shaliniar  Gardens,  Pemhridge- 

road.  North  Actmv,Vf.  11. 
1899     Moore,  Harry,  12,  Loieer-road,  Rollierkttbe. 
1916     Moore,  Ralph  Headley,  B.A.,  Heathfield,  Plynulock,  Devon. 
1886     MoroaS,  a.  C.  F.,  F.L.S.,  135,  Oahvood-cmirt,  Ken»i,ujton,  W.  14. 
1889  t  MoBlCE,  The  Bev.  F.  D.,  M.A.,  Fellow  ot  Queen's  College,  Oxford 

(pREfl.,  1911,1912,  V.-Pbes.,  1902,1904, 1913;  Council,  1902-4), 

Brmuieick,  Mount  Hermon,  Wok'mg. 


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(    xxiii    ) 

ISSft  t  UOBLIT,  Claade,  F.Z.S.,  Monk  Soham  Hoiue,  Suffolk. 
1907  MoBTUmB,  Charlea  H.,  Boytm  Cha^  Bufleti,  Stttrty. 
ISaS  UoBTON,  Kenneth  J.,  13,  Blaek/ord-road,  EdinlmrgK 
I&IO     MoeSLT,  U«rtin  E.,  21,  Altxaitdra-eowt,  Qtutt/t-gaU,  aW.  T 

1900  Hosu,  JolioB,  69,  BtUow^tratte,  BeHin. 

1883     MoSLBT,  S.  L.,  The  Muteum  and  TechnietU  OolUge,  Htiddtrsfitld 

1911     MOBB,  Rev.  A.  Uiles,  i/rim,  Wxnderrture. 

1907  t  MoDtTOs,  Capt  John  C,  M.A.,  F.Z.a,  4lh  Wiltohire  B^,  Port 

Canning,  Singapore,  and  The  Bail,  Bradfottl-on-Amn. 
1911  MocNSRr,  J.  Jaduon,  S4,  Olmcaint-creicent,  fdtnfruf^A. 
1901 1  UotR.  Frederick,  H.S.P.A.  BxptrimtHt  Siatio»,  HoHoltdu,  Oohu, 

1912 1  MULLAS,  Jal  Phiroishah,  M.A.,  F.L.S.,  F.Z.S.,  Professor  of  Biology, 
St.  Xatrier't  CMege,  Lamington-twid,  Orant  Bowl  Poit,  Bombay, 

IsesfHuLLiB,  Albert,F.R.G.S.,  (Council,  1872-3),  c/o  Hen  A.  Hiiller- 

Hechel,  GTtnsaeherdra$»e  60,  A««fe,  Swit:triand. 
1914    Udrbat,  George  H.,  Oovernntmt  Station,  Kikori,  DtUa  Divvion 

1917     McscHAJiP,  Percy  A.  H.,  QmrUrhouae  SdtooL,  Qodalmittg. 
IDOg     HcBHAM,  John  F.,  48,  Brook-dnet,  Sdby,  Torki. 

1903    NuvK,  S.  A.,  M.A.,  B.So.,  F.ZA,  (Codncil,  1916-  ),  24,  de  Vere- 
gardent,  Kensington,  W.  8, 

1901  NEVtNaON,  E.  B.,  ilmiand,  Cubham,  Surrey. 
1907    Nkwhak,  Leonard  Woods,  Bexleg,  Kent. 

1913  Newhan,     Leslie    J«hn     William,    Bemard'tireel,     Clarentont, 

If.  Jurfralia. 
1909    Newstkad,  Alfred,  The  Oronenor  ATdantm,  Oieder. 
1890    Newbtead,  Eobert,  M.Sc.,  A.L.S.,  Hon.  F.It.H.S.,  Dutton  Memorial 

ProfeasoT  of  Entomology,  I^  School  o/'  Tropieat  Medicine,  Univer- 

»ity  of  Liverpool. 

1914  Nicholson,  Charles,  35,  The  Avenne,  Haie-end,  Chittgford,  B.  4. 

1909  Nicholson,  Gilbert  W.,  M.A.,  M.a,  (Codnco,  1913-15),  Oxford 

and  Cambridge  Club,  Pfdl  Mall,  S.W.  1. 
1906     Nil,  John  Ashbnmer,  Tiigale,  CratcUff,  Sunex. 
1916     NoBIRA,  Akio,  Tehijoji,  Otagigua,  Kyoto,  Japan. 
1914     NoBRia,  Frederic  de  U  Mare,  The  Agricultural  Department,  Kuola 

^umptir,  Federated  Malag  Slate*. 
I&1&     NoBTHOOTE,  Dr.  A.  B.,  Blenimim  Souse,  Monigate,  Tort. 
1878    NornDGE,  Thomas,  Ashford,  Kent 
1895     NCBBB,  Lt-Colonel  C.  G.,  Timuiorlh  BaU,  Bury  St  Edmund*. 

1877     ObbbthOb,  Een^,  Retme*  {JUe^et-Vilaim),  France. 
1893-f-OoLE,  Bertrams.,  SteepU  AiUm,  Oxfordshire. 

1910  Oldakek,  Francis  A.,  M.A.,  The  Btd  Bouse,  HasUnure. 
1913     OBinsroit,  Walter,  KiUupahani,  HaldummvlU,  Cej^an. 


u,y,l,7rJM,G00glc 


(     xxiv    ) 

1B9&     Paob,   Herbert  E.,  Berb-ote,    OeUaay-road,  SU   Calherme't   Park, 

8.E.  16. 
1916     Palkbr,  Arthur  Raj'inond,   Jn^hoInM,  Norton  Way,  LetektaoHh, 

Etrl*. 

1915  Paterbon,  Edward  J.,  Fairholme,  Oroiobormigh. 
1911     Fbarbon,  Donglas,  ChUvidl  Htnue,  Chitindi,  Notts. 

1916  Peebles,  Howanl  M.,  13,  Chesham-ttrttt,  S.W.  1. 

1915    PsiLR,  Major  Harrj  Diamond,  I.M.S.,  c/o  Alliance  Bank  </  SimI, 

Ftthaiear,  Tndia. 
1914    Pendlbburi,  Major  Wm.  J.  tor  Houti,  Broadlattds,  iShmcabun/, 

and  StibU  OoUegt,  Oxjiird, 
1883    P^RtNarBi,  Louis,  D.Sc.,  F.Z.S.,  Director,  South  African  Muteutii, 

Cope  Town,  South  Affica. 
1903 1  Pkreins,  B.  C.  L.,  M.  a.,  D.Sc.,  F.Z.S.,  Park  Hill  Bouse,  Paignton, 

Devon ;   and  Board  of    Agriculture,   Division  of   Entomology, 

HoBoltiin,  HauMii. 
1879     Perkins,  Vincent  Bobert,  Wotto«-«nder-Eilife. 
1907 1  Perkins,  J.  A.  D.,  3rd  Seaforth  Highlanders,  Datienham,  Malvern. 
139T     Phillips,  Capt.  Hubert  C,  M.RC.S.,  L.S.A.,  37,  Prineet-nquare, 

Bayswater,  W.  2. 
1903 1  PHILLirs,  Montagu  A.,  F.R.G.S.,  F.Z.S.,  Devon$liire  Hmttt  Prepara- 
tory School,  Beigate. 

1917  PickardCambbiikie,  Arthur  D.,  M.A.,  Balliol  C'uUege,  Oxford. 
1891     Pierce,  Frank  Nelson,  1,  The  Elms,  Diiiglr,  Limrpool. 

1903  PiLCBBR,  Colonel  Jesse  Oeoi^,  I.M.S.,  F.H.C.S.,  133,  Gltnustgter- 

road,  Kensingloti,  S.W.  7. 

1913     PLATT,  Ernest  Edward,  403,  Eistnicmd-Toad,  Dmian,  Niital. 

1885     Poll,  J.  B.  H.  Neerworl  van  der,  Drieliergtn,  Neiheiianda. 

1870 1  PoRRiTT,  Geo.  T.,  F.L.S.,  (Council,  1887),  Elm  Lea,  Ifalton, 
Hudtteig/ielti. 

1884 1  PODLTON,  Professor  Eilward  B.,  D.Sc,  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  F.L.S.,  F.O.S., 
F.Z.S.,  Hope  Professor  of  Zoology  in  the  University  of  Oxford, 
(PRBa.,  1003-4  ;  V.-Pbes.,  1894-5,  1902,  1905  ;  Council,  1886-8, 
1892,  I89S,  1905-7),  Wykefmm  Home.  Banbury-road,  Oxfoj-d. 

1905     Powell,  Harold,  7,  Rue  MireiUe,  Hyirei  ( Var),  Franee. 

1908     Pratt,  William  fi.,  10,  Lion  Gate  Gaidens,  Richmund,  Siirrty. 

1878     Price,  David,  48,  Wetl-etreet,  Hor.ham. 

1908  Prideadi.  Robert  M.,  (Council,  1917-  ),  Woodlands,  Brasled 
Chart,  Strenoaks. 

1904  Prisrb,  Richard  A.  R.,  9,  MeWovnie  Jtfnfie,  Wed  Ealing. 

1893     Prodt,    Louia    Beethoven,   (Col'HClL,    1905-7),   84,    AlbtH-road, 

VaUtott,  E.  8. 
1910     PoNNETT,    Professor     BegiRsld     Crundall,    M.A.,    Caius     GMege, 

Cambriilge. 
19O0     Bainbow,  William  J.,  The  Auntralian  M^ienm,  Sydney,  N.S.  W. 

1918  Bait-Smith,   W.,   Hollybrook,    Rose    Eeyitortkroad,    AUrtUUry, 

Monmouththire. 


ih,Cooi^lc 


(  "'  > 

1913    Rao,   B.   Anuitbasiraiikj,   Oundor  0/  Ihe    Gonmtnent   Mmtntm, 

BangaioTt,  India. 
I»16    Rao,    Telaali    R«m«r.handim,    M.A.,    Asat.   Govt    EntomologiEt, 

Agnctilhiral  OoU^ye,  Coiminlore,  India. 

1907  Ratwakd,  Atthor  Italic,  91  and  93,  SoiUkvati-Mrttl,  S.E.  1. 
1898     Hbutkr,  PnifeBaor  Enilo,  Helniu^on,  Fintaint. 

1910    DB  Rai-PHIUPK,  G.  W.  v..  Chief  Eiaminer  of  Accounts,  North- 

Westeni  Ry.,  Abholt-road,  Lakare,  l¥tdia. 
1912     Riley,   Kurman    Deab^h,    94,    Bratf/UU-mnd,     l'pi>tr    Touting, 

&.V.  17. ;  and  BriliA  Mturnm  [Xalural  Hiaurif},  S.  KettnHfftw, 

&W.  7. 

1906  RiPFON,  Cland«,  M.A.,  28.  WiOtonilrrtt,  Ox/otd. 

1917     ROBBRTS,  A.  W.  Rjnier,  M.A.,  Bolhantdttt  Ii/pfriment.U  Stiilum, 

Harpemdtn, 
19(A     Robinson,  Herbert  C,  Oiraior  of  Stale  AfiiKHm,  Kiutln  Liimfnir, 

1901    Ronrssos,  I«dy,  n'ork*v  Manor,  NoU*. 

1869 1  ROBissos.DocoLAS,  WillUm  Douglas,    M.A.,    F.L.S.,    F.aO.S., 
(hnJtarrllon,  CatlU  Doitglat. 

1908  RoGBBS,  The  Rev.  K.  SL  Aubjm,  H.A.,  Cfaorch  Mistiooar;  Society, 

Mombaia,  Briti»h  Had  Afrita. 

1912  RoHBir,  Kurt,  Baron,  ZoiAo^\t,  iStoatniHimjMnif,  MnnitK. 

1907  RosENBERo.  W.  F.  H.,  57,  IhiTttaoA-tm,  N.W.  3. 

1868     RoTRHKt,  Geor^  Alexander  Jiiiues,  PnnJxiry,  IWor-nxxt,   Vp^tr 

Noraond,  S.E. 
1888  t  RoTHacliILD,  The  Rigbl  Honble.  Lonl,  U.Sc,  F.R.S.,  F.L.S.,  F.Z.S., 

(Council,  1900),  Zoulogieal  Miueum,  Tritig. 
1894  t  RoTUs<;alLI>,  The  Honble.  Nathaniel  Charles,  H.A.,  F.L.S.,  F.Z.S., 

Vicb-Prkbidbnt,  (Pkek.,   I91&-16  ;  V.-Pres.,  1914  ;  Coiscir, 

1901,  1013-  ),  Arnnd^-honse,  Keitiinglon  P<tlart  Oardms,  W.8. 
1890     RouTLKiKiB,  G.  B.,  Turn  Lodge,  H^^adi Xook,  CailiiU. 

1913  RowDBN,  Alfred  Oliver,  3,  Ardiibaid-road,  Exeter. 

1887     Rowland-Brown,    Henrj-,    M.A.,  (V.-Prbs.,    1908,   1010;    Sbc., 
1900-10  ;  Council,  1914-16),  Oxhey-gr^re,  Harrow  Wtatd. 

1910  RtiDaK,  Chaclea  Henry. 

1892     KussELL,  S.  O.  C,  M<mk;  Wood,  Henthrrnidt,  Park-rond,  Wi,kin<j. 

1905  St.  QuiNTIN,  W.  H.,   S<ampUm  Hall,  Jmiugtoa,  York. 

1906  Sampson,  Cobnel  F.  Winn,  Cotuinandant  Prisoners  of  Wnr  (Officera) 

C^nip,    Di0'ryn   AM,    lAantantuin,   Abergdf,    X.    WiiUs,   and 

115,  TanntJUld-road,  SydenJuiin. 
1010    Saunders,  H.  A.,  Druokfitld'himM,  Simiuuje. 

1901     ScaAva,Vi.,V.ZS.,U.S.NaliotudM'wum,WaAiiiylon,D.C..  U.S.A. 
1007     SCHMAHSHANN,  W.,  Betttah  Lodge,  London-nad,  Biijield,  N. 
1912     ScHDNCK,  Charles  A.,  Eu.'dme,  fyallinfiford. 
1881  *  ScoLLiCK,  A.  J.,  Eimsimod,  B,  M<ddenn>ad,  Xew  Matden. 

191 1  ScOEBR,  Alfred  George,  UOi  Crtd,  ChUvyoHh,  Q»Mford. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


I     xxvi     ) 

190»    Scott,  Hugh,  M.A^  F.Ua,   Curator  in  Entomology,  Vnitemty 

JIfiueum  of  Zoologij,  Camiyridge. 
1911     Scorr,  Percj  William  Affleck,  Chinese  Imperial  Ciutoms  Service, 

Hatufluno,  China. 
11)12     Seitz,  t)r.  Adalbert,  59,  Bttmarekdraue,  DarmOadi,  Gtrmany. 
1911    Sblocs,  Cothbert  F.,  M.D.,  M.R.C.S..  L.R.C.P.,  SUa/ord,  Pain 

Bin,  Parktloie,  Dortet. 
1911  t  BBN!trrr,  Noel  StaotOD,  24,  d«  Vere-ynniett*,  Ktnsinglon,  W.  8. 
1882    Sharp,  David,  U.A.,  M.B.,  F.R.S.,  F.L.S.,  F.Z.S.,  (Pbks.,  1887-*; 

V.-Pbku.,   1889,  1891-2,   1896.   1902-3;  See.,  1867;  CouMcn,, 

1893-5,  1902-4),  Laumtidd,  Broekaihtinl,  HnnU. 
1902     Sharp,   W.   E.,   (Codscil,   1912-13X  THe   JSiinjjaioir,  Crowthwiu, 

Berk$. 

1915  Sbaw,  Dr.  A.  ElanJ,  to   R.   Kelly,  Esq.,  Solicitor,   59,  Siaintton- 

ttnel,  MHboume,  Vklima,  AiutmlUi. 
1886     Srait,  George  T.  (Librarian  of  the  Liverpo'))  Free  Public  Library), 
WiUiaifi  Broien-Mtrat,  Liverpool. 

1905  Shbldos,  W.  Ueorge,  youlgreave,  SofdK  Croydon. 

1900 1  Shbpbeard-Walwtk,  H.  W.,  M.A.,  Dediehinnie,  Kadry,  Surrey. 
1887 1  SlCH,  Alfred,  (Oouncil,  1910-12),  Cornqf  Hovm,  Chiguiietr,  W.  4. 
191 1     BlMEB,  James  A.,  Mon  Rejio,  MoiMuim't-lant,  Woodford-grttn,Sutx. 

1901  SlUlloSDs,   Hul^rt  W.,    12,  are-/i   ChamUrt,   Court    HouteAaite, 

AucUiiJtd,  New  Ztnlaiid. 
1913     SiTWELI,,  Capt.  F.,  Woottrr,  Norlhimbtrlaad. 

1902  Sladeh,  Frederick  William  I^mbart,  Depl.  of  Agricultvrt,  Centrai 

ExpeTimtnlal  Farm,  Oltt.ty,,  Canada. 
1902     Slopkr.  Gerard  Orl.y,  F.Z.S.,  J.P.,  Badminton  CTufc.  Piixaditty,  W.  1. 

1907  Sly,  Han.lil  Baker,  Oxford  Hook,  Eail-drire,  Brighton. 

1906  SlIALLUAN,  Raleigli   8.,  Eliot   Lodge,  Albemaiie-road,  Beckenham, 

Ktnt. 

1916  Smart,  Capt.  H.  Douj^la!',  H.A.M.C^  Shttlry,  Hnddenjidd. 

1915  Smith,  Adam  Charlea,  Norton,  Momington-road,  Woodford  Orten. 
1901     Smith,  Arthur,  Count ir  Miueam.  lAneoln. 

1911  Smith,  B.  H.,  B.A..  Edgekill,  Warlingham,  Stirre-j. 

1912  Smith,  Roland  T.,  131,  Q.ieei.'s-rw.rf,  Wimbledon,  S.W.  19. 

1898     SoPP,  Erasmus  John  Burtjew,  F.R.Met.S.,  34,  FemdaJeroad,  Hort. 
1B85     South,  Richard,  (CofNCII,  1890-1),  4,  Mtii>fab,inj-eourt,  Shoot-up 
Hat,  Bnmde^wy,  N.W.  2, 

1916  Sowerbv,  Lieut.  F.  \Y.,  R.N.I).,  Ctedhorp-.',  Lincdnshirt. 

1908  Sfever,  Edward  R.,  Ridgehnrd,  Shenley,  Htrtt. 
I889»STANr)EN,  Richard  S.,  F.L.S.,  (Council,  1906),  JVeiriyn,  Bomrey, 

H-i,d,. 
1910    Stanley,  The  ReT.  Hubert  George,  Marshfitld  Vicarage,  Cardiff. 
1898     Stareh,  C.  L.  B.,  M.H.C.S.,  L.R.O.P.,  TTie  Lh,>et,S,caidty  Junetiim, 

Kent. 
1898     Stbbdino,  Htiiry,  Chasfieood,  Ktmtxd  Oak-road,  Wei/bii'lgr. 
1910     Stestos,  Rupert,  St.  Eduyird'i,  SI.  Mary  Church,  Torqtioy. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


{     sxvii     ) 

1910  SiONEH&u,  Hngh    Freilerick,    Capt   Ut  Batt.   K  Surrey  Begt, 

StoneUigK,  Beigate. 

1913  Storki,  Gilbert,  Dept.  of  AgncydtHre,  Caii-o,  Eg^fpt. 

1915  Stott,  Charles  Ernest,  Eaton,  Beigate. 

1896  Stbicku-ND,  T.  a.  Geralii,  SotUhcotl,  Fovlton,  Fairford. 

1900  Stcdd,  E.  a.  C,  P.O.  Box  906,  Vancourer,  BritiA  Columbia. 
1895     Stodd,  E.  F.,  M.A.,  B.C.L.,  Oxion,  Extltr. 

1906  SwiZRSTBA,  Corn.  J.,  Ist  AssiHtant,  Transvmd  Mtueum,  Pretoria. 
18e4     SwiSHOK,  Colonel  Charles,  M.A,,  F.L.S.,  F.Z.8.,  (V.-Pbim.,  1884; 

Council,  1891-3  ;   1902-4),  4,  aunUritont-roail,  iVtit  Kensing- 
(o»,  W.  14. 

1894  SwiNHOB,  Ernest,  4,  QuuUivtone-road,  Went  Ketiaingion,  W.  14. 
1876     SwiNTON,  A.  H.,  Oak  Villa,  BraiAJietd,  Romsey,  Banti. 

1911  SwiN>-£RTOK,  C.  F.  M.,  Oitngjotgana,  Mel*etUr,  S.-E.  Ehodtiia. 

1910  Tait,  Rnlit,  jiinr.,  Boaentalh,  Harboroti^road,  AAton-on-Merity. 
1908     Talbot,  G.,  MonplaUir,  Womiletf,  Surrey. 

1916  Tatcbell,  Leonard  Spencer,  43,  Hiyrall  Hall-road,  WaruUad,  N.E, 

1911  Tadtz,  p.  H.,  Craidtigh,  Pimitr,  Hiddltiex. 

1911     Tayi^r,  Frank  H.,  Aunlralian  Institute  of   Tropical  Medicine 

P.O.  Box  207,  ToivmvilU,  Qjitendand. 
1903    Taylor,  Thomas  Hnrold,  Si.A.,  Ywt>hire  CoiUge,  Ltsdi. 

1914  Tempkrlby,    Reginald,  c/o  Dr.  W.  Qrlffitb,  43,  Park-iquan,  Lttds, 

snd  L'AuroTt,  Vm>ey-la-Tmir,  Vaiid,  Sailierland. 

1910  Thkobald,  Prof.  F.  V.,  M.A.,  Wye  Ourt,  Wye,  Kent. 

1901  Thoupsoh,  Matthew  LawHon,  40,  Goifonl-tlreet,  Middleibrough. 

1892  Thornlef,  Tlie  Rev.  A.,  M.A.,  F.L.S,, "  Ewglunden,"  Coppict-,-oad, 

NoUmghtim. 

1907  TiLiTARD,  B.  J.,  M.A.,  B.Sc.,  F.L.S.,  Liniiean  Macleay  Fellow  in 

Zoology,  Knraiida,  Mnvnt  Errington,  Hornitty,  Neto  South  Walea. 

1911  Todd,  R.  Q.,  54,  Horntey-lane,  Highgute,  N. 

1897  TOMLIN,  J.  R.  le  B.,  MJi.,  (CoUNCIi.  1911-3),  Lakefoot,  Hamilton- 

road,  Beading. 
1907     TONGE,  Alfred  Ernest,  (Cocncil,  1915-  ),  Aincrofi,  Beigate,  Surrey. 
1914    DE  LA  Torre  Bdeno,  J.  R.,  25,  Broad-itreet,  New  y<irk,  U.S.A. 
1907     Traoardi},  Dr.  Ivar,  The  Univernty,  Upiala,  Sweden. 
1900     Tclloch,  Col.  B.,  TIte  King's  Otm   Yorkiliire  Light  Infantry,  o/o 

Messrs.  Cox  &  Co..  16.  Charing  Cro>»,  S.W. 

1895  1'uHALBY,  Henry,  CattlelvH,  Searle-road,  Famham. 

1910     TuRATi,  Conte  Emilio.  4,  Piazia  S.  Alemindro,  Milan,  Italy. 

1898  Torher,  A.   J.,    M.D.,    The   Manor    War   Hoapilal,   Epiom,  and 

Wiekhant  Terraee,  Briebane,  Aiietralia. 

1893  Tcrner,  Henry  Jerome,  (Council,  1910-12),  98,  Bral-efell-road, 

New  Orou,  S.E.  14. 
1906    Turner,  Rowland  E.,{Council,  1909-10). 
1916    Tytlkr,  CoL  H.  C,  c/o  Mrs.  Tytler,  Messrs.   Griiidliiy  &  Co., 

Parliament-etreet,  S.W.  1. 


ihyCOOt^lC 


1893    Uiticir,   Frederick    William,  C.M.Z.S.,  Port  of  fi^in,    Trinidad, 
BrilM   Wtat  Itidia. 

1904  t  Vaughan,  W.,  The  Oid  Sectary,  BwkingUtn,  Bath. 

1914    Veitch,  itoberi,  Entomologist,  Natom,  Nadi,  Fiji  Idanil*. 

1909  ViDLER,  Leopold  A.,  The  Oimwiitt  Stone  Hotue,  Ryt. 
1911     VlTALIS  DE  Salvaza,  R,,  Vientiane,  Loot,  Indo-Chttui. 

1895  Wachbr,  Sidney,  F.R.C.S.,  Dane  John,  Canterlury. 

1897     WitHWRioHT,  Colbmn  J.,  (Council,  1901, 1912-14),  45,  Handtteorih 

Wood-roatl,  JiamUwiirOi,  Birmiaghiuu. 
1878     Walker,    James    J.,    M.A.,    ILN.,   F.L.S.,    Secbbtary,    1905- 

(V.-Pees.,  1916;  Cocncil,  1894  ;  Sac.  1899),  Aorangi,  Lannlale- 

road.  ISuiiimerloicn,  Oxftn^i. 
1012     Wallace,  Henry  S.,  6,  Kayllroad  ViOai,  Sunderland. 
1914     Walsh,  Mrs.  Maria  EmeaiTi&,  Soekaioemi,  Java,  Dutch  EaH  India. 
1866  t  Walbihhhah,  The  Rifbt  Honble.  Lord,  (Pres.,  1889-90 ;  V.-Prks., 

1882,  1888,  1891-2,  1894-5;  Co^)NCl^  1896),  Briiiah  Miueum 

iNatural  Uistvry),  CromictU-road,  S.W.  7. 

1910  Ward,  John  J.,  Rnginiirbe  Home,  Somtrtet-road,  Coventry. 

1908    Warren,  Brisbane  C  S.,  Hotel  Moy,  Oberlwfen,  Lac  de  TImine, 

Sioitierlunrf. 
1901  t  Watkrbocsb,   Giistaviia  A.,  B.Sc,  F.C.S.,  AUonrie,  Stanhtipt-road, 

KiUara,  JV<io  South  H'nle*,  Aiistialin. 
1914     WATERhTON,  Itev.  James,  B.D.,  B.Sc.,  32,  Itlaudfmd-road,  Beil/ord 

Park,  W.  4. 
IflU     Watt,  Morris  N.,  St.  John')  BiU,  Wangtmui,  Neto  Zetilatid. 
1893     Wkdd,  John  Unoper,  89,  Dulwkk  filta,  DuUick,  S.E.  22. 
lH76t  Wkhtkbn,     E.     Young,     '27,     Pemhrid^  - aqiiarf,     Nolt'mg     HUl 

Uaie,  W.  3. 
190G    Whkeleb,  The  Rev.  GeoiBe,  M.A.,  F.Z.S.,  Skckkiari,  1911-   ; 

(V..PREfl.,  1914),  37,  aioiK'ealer-pUice,  W.  1. 

1910  IVhitb,  Edward  Dnrlon,  M.R.C.S.,  Canlif  City  Mental  Ho^pilal. 

Cavdig. 
1913  f  Whitley,    Purcival    N.,   Bi-anlvxiod,   H'di/x^;    and   Nem   CoUrge, 

Oj-furd. 
1913 1  Whittakbh,  Oscar,  Oi-mulale,  Atlilatuh,  Aslilon-nimn-Mersey. 

191 1  Whittinohah,  Rev.  Canon  W.  O.,  Gtiist'/n  Eextory,  Uppingham. 
1917     Wkkhaii,   Rev.  Prebendary   A.   1'.,  Eatt   Brent    Viairage,  High- 

bridyr,  Sonieraet. 
1906     WiCKWAR,  Oswin  S.,  fhiirlemmil,  Gregory-road,  Calumho,  Cei/on. 
1903     Wiggins.  Clare  A.,  M.K.C.S.,  Eiitrbbe,  Uganda. 

1896  WiLKMAN,  A.  E.,  Thatehed  Howe  Club,  at.  Jameif- street,  S.W.  1, 

1910  WiLLcocKS,  Frank  C,  Entomoli^ist  to  the  Kliedivinl  Agrictiltural 

Society,  Cairo,  Egijpt. 

1911  WiLLUM8,C.  B.,  M.A.,  JW((./5pat«,  rriiiido./,  and  20,  Saiey-rood, 

Birkenhead. 


ih,Cooi^lc 


(     xxix     ) 

1015     WiLLlAMB,  Harold  Beck,  131,  ^wnVnxid,  IF"imW«(oti,  S.W.  19. 
1915     WiSK,    Albert    F.,   Lihmnj   :/    MrGiU     UitirrrsUij,    WtMmouiU, 

MoatrtiA,  Cnnadn. 
1894     WOLLKI-DOD,  F.  H.,  JtfiH«»nVU  P.  0.,  Aifftla,  X.W.T.,  Oiiio'la. 
1905    WooDBRiDCK,  Francis    Charles,    Briar    Clax,    Latchmort-imtiiw, 

Gtrrar<P»  Oojw  S.O.,  BwU. 
1914     WooDFOBDE,  FrsDcis  Oanlew,  B.A.,  2,  Jus  alrefl,  O.rford. 
1912     Woodruffe-Peacock,    Bev.    E.    Adrian,    F.LS.,   F.(5.S.,    Cmlney 

Vifarngt,  Brigg,  Linenliuhire. 

less     VocDALB,  William  Henry,  F.R.M.S.,31,  BtUe  lAtalreet,  \Voi1ii«glon. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


ADDITIONS  TO  THE  LIBRARY 
DuBiNO  THE  Year  1917. 


AiNSLLB  (G.  G.)-    fSeo  Luqikbili  (P.).]- 

Atein  (E.  E.)  and  BicoT  (A  ).     The/clstion  between  the  batching  of  the 
egga  Bud  the  developmeiit  of  the  larvae  of  Sltgomyia  fasriala 
(Jed/s  ealopai),  aod  the  prcMDce  of  bacteria  and  yeiala. 
[Pataiitologf.  Vol.  IX,  1917.]  The  Jvtkors. 

Back  (E.  A.)  aad  Pehberton  (C.  E.).    The  Meloa  Flj'  in  Hawaii  [Bacfro- 
etra  euatrtilat,  Coq.). 
[n.  S.  Dept.  Agric,  Ball.  No.  491,  June  1917.1 

U.  S,  Dtpt.  Agric, 
BlCOT  (A,).      The  Use  of  loieclicideB  ugalnet  Liee. 
[Brit.  Med.  Journ.,  Sept.  30,  1916.] 

A  simple  means  of  BKertaiDing  if  a  sterilising  hut  is  hot  enough  lo 

destroy  lies  and  uiti  in  clothing  and  in  blankets. 
[Brit.  Hed.  Jouru.,  Aug.  4.  191T.] 

A  contributioa  t«  the  BioDomics  of  Ftdicului  hiimanvi  (ttilimeyili) 

and  Pedinilti  eapitiM. 
[Parasilologj,  Vol.  XS,  IBH.] 
The  LoUM  Problem. 


. [See  Amin  (E.  E.).] 

Baub(A.  C.)  and  Davidson  (W.  H,).     A  further  contribution  to  the  study 
of  £r(o»ina  pyricol/i.  the  woolly  pear  Aphis. 
[Jonm.  Agrlc.  Besearch,  Vol.  X,  July  1911.] 

['.  S.  Dift.  Agric. 

[See  QuAiNTiucE  (A.  L.).] 

BiVHELEN  (J.  F.  ran).     The  colour  pattern  on  Diptera  wings, 

[Koninkl.  Akad.  Wet.  Ameterdam,  Vol.  XIX.  Nos.  9, 10, 1917.1 
The  Avlhcr. 
BoLTOH  (H.>.     The  "Hark  Stirrup"  collection  of  Fossil  Insects  from  the 
Coal  Ueaiures  of  Comroentry  (Allierj.  Central  France. 
[Reprinted  from  the  Memoirs  Manchester    Museum,  Vol.   LXI, 
No.  2, 1917.]  O.  C.  Champim. 

BttTINO  (A.).     A  Generic  *;nopsia  of  the  Cociinellid  larvae  in  the  United 
»Ut«  National  HaBcuni,  itith  a  description  of  the  larva  of 
Hgptraipii  biikotata.  Say. 
[Proc.  11.  S.Nat,  Mui,,  Vol,  LI,  Jan.  1917,] 

The  SmHkioeian  lnstilulim. 
BsofH  (T,).       Descriptions   of  new  genera  and  species   of   Coleopten. 
PartV. 
[New  Zealand  Institute,  Bull,  No.  1,  June  1917.] 

Tit  A«thor, 
BuBOBSS  {A.  F.)  and  ColItns  (O,   W,).     The  genua    Cilesoma,  including 
studies  of  seasonal  bistories,  hshita,  and  economic  importance 
of  American  species  north  of  Mexico  and  of  several  introduced 
■peciei 


ih,  Google 


Bdru(H.  B.)-    PUt-head<dboren(Bui>r«stidlarTie}BffeclipgfoTe(ttr 
'd  the  UnitFil  8'  ■ 


[U.  8.  Dept.  Agric,  Ball.  No.  437,  J«d.  1817.1 


.  lit  pi.  Ai/ric. 


CkRPEKTKB  (0.   H,)*    iDJDTioui  InKrU  iDil  othrr  AoimtU  obwrvtd  id 

I 

Tht  Anthar. 

CstKpiOH  (O.  0.)-    ColeoptftB,  Heteremer*  (eicluciing  TeDebrionidae)  fiom 
..     ~...  ,  .....  .  .      -undAldBb™. 

,.,  Ser.  e,  Vol.  SIX,  Feb.  1917.) 
n  NfUaUud. 


A  new  Barid  from  s  Coata  Rican  bromeliad. 

[EoL  HoDtUr  Ha«..  Vol.  LIU,  1911.] 

Notes  OQ  Tropicftl  Ameiicau  Lasriidae,  with  descriptions  of  new 

[Est.  MoDthly  Mag.,  Vol.  UIl,  1917.] 

New  Xylophilii)*  fiDDi  Aaitrelii,  India  aud  Borneo. 

[Eot.  HoDtbly  Hag.,  Vol.  LIU,  1S)7.] 

Notes  OD  the  Coleoptera  recorded  from  "  Retin  Animd"  bj  tlie 

Rer.F.  W.  Hope,  (11,(21. 
[Eot.  Honthl;  Htg.,  Vol.  LIU,  191T.] 

On  new  and  little-known  lagriidat  from  tropical  America. 

[Trana.  Ent.  &oc  Load.,  1917.]  Tkt  Anlktir. 

CHrmKDBH  (F,  H.).     The  bone-ndiah  Fle»-beetle  {Fhyllolrtla  amioraciai, 
Koch) ;  ita  lite-hiatoi;  and  distribution. 
[0.  8.  Dept.  Agric,  Bull.  No.  53a,  June  1917.] 

(f.S.  Dipt.  Agric. 
CntTnaL  (R.  N.).     The  Wertem  Cedar-borer  {Trachvkth  Bp,), 
[Afrit.  Qaiette  o(  Canada.  Vol.  V,  Nov.  1917]  • 

fanad.  Dtpt.  Agric. 
ClkhmmT  (O.  B.)  and  Heinro  (W).  Control  of  the  Gipsy  Math  by  forrst 
management.  Part  I  :  The  Cip*;  Moth  in  ^yuads.  lij  G.  B. 
Clement.  Part  II :  Management  of  typical  wocxl  lots  iafeitnl 
with  the  Oipay  Moth  in  the  Wbile-pine  region.  By  Wiliia 
Munro. 
[C.  S.  Dept.  Agric,  BoU.  No.  IM,  April  1917] 

U.  S.  Dipl.  Ayric. 
CoaD  (B.  R.).  and  HcQiheb  (T.  P.).     Collection  oF  WecTiis  and  infenled 

Suareg  aa  a  mean*  of  control  of  the  Cotton  Boll-WecTil  in  the 
iwiiHippi. 
[XJ.  8.  Dept.  Agric,  Boll.  No.  594,  Oct,  1917.] 

V.  S.  Dtpi.  Agric. 
CoCEBSCLt  (F.  D.  A.).     Some  Beei  from  Aaatraiia,  Tasmania,  and  the  New 
Hebcidea. 
[Proo.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philad.,  1918.] 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


(     xxxii     ) 

CoatBRBLt  (F.  D.  A).      TbB  Centinid  Bee*  oF  (he  Philippine  IsIsikIb. 
[Philippine  Journ,  Sci„  Vol.  XI,  IfllO,] 

A  collection  of  Bees  from  QueeDsUoil. 

[H«moin  Queenilaad  Mua.,  Vol.  V,  July  1916.] 

Tbe  Fbuiu  or  Boulder  County,  Colorado,  InsecU.  Ill,  IT. 

[ViiiT.  Colorado  Studies,  Vol.  Xlt,  No.  I,  Jan.  1911.} 
— — ^—  New  Tertinry  Insecti. 

[Proc.  U.  S.  NBt.Miu.,Vol.  LIl,  Fob.  1817.1 

The  Dawn  of  Uintory :  k  dramH  in  three  acti. 

[Amer.  Mmeum  .louro..  May  IPIT.] 

DescriptioiK  ot  Foaii)  Inseda. 

[Proc.  Biol.  Sac.  WMbiogtou,  Vol.  XXX,  Maf  1911.} 

Some  Foiwil  TmectB  from  FloiiBhaat.  Colorado. 

[Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mua.,  Vol.  LIII,  June  1917] 

Some  Beea  of  tbe  ^ous  Pmtnythin  ;Hyin.). 

[Ent.  Newa,  Vol.  XXVIIl,  July  19i:.] 

. — —  Arthropodbin  Burmeae  Amber. 

[Psyche,  Vol.  XXfV,  No,  2, 1817.]  Tlu  A«lk<.T. 

CoLB  (A.  C.)  and  iHHg  (A.  D,).     Report  on  m  infestation  of  larvae  of  the 
Antler  Moth  (Chiiracai  gramims,  L.)  in  the  Peak  District. 
[Journ.  Boant  Agric,  Vol.  XXIV,  Aug.  1817] 

Dfpt.  Agric.  fntom..  ManeknttT. 
COLIIHS  (C.  W.).     [See  BrnoMS  (A.  F.).]. 

C01IB3  (A.  F).     Notes  on  a  collection  of  Odonata  from  Schoolcraft  County, 
Michigan. 
[OccBS.  Papers  Mua.  Zool.  ITniv.  Micbigan,  No.  41,  May  1917} 
fBi'f,  of  Michigan. 
CtJMHINOg  (B.  F.).     The  Louse  and  its  rdation  to  disease,  its  iife-bistorj 
[British  Muaeum  (Natural  History),  Economic  Series,  No.  2,  1815.] 
>— — —  The  Bed-bug,  its  habits  ami  life-bistory,  and  how  to  deal  with  it 

(Britiah  Museum  (Natural  History).  Economic  Series,  No.  6, 1911.1 
■JhiT,T.Hfa£Fit.3l«i. 
CuBBiE  (B.   P.).     Oomphut  parrid/iu,  a  new   speciea  of  Dragon-fly  from 
Maryland. 
[Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mui.,  Vol.  LIII,  June  1917] 

Thi  SiiiithfORiaH  InMution. 
CDaaHAN  (R.  A.).     Eight  new  spncica  of  reared  Ichneumon- Bias,  with  notes 
#  on  some  other  speciea. 
[Proc.  U,  S.  Nat.  Mus..  Vol.  LIII,  Aug.  1817.] 

A  revision   ot   Hymenopteroui  insects  of  the  tribe  Crrmaatiiii  o! 

America  north  of  Mexico. 
[Proc.  U.  S.  Nat,  Mua,,  Vol.  LIII,  Aug,  19IJ,] 

Thi  Siititksoiiian  loaliltlioa. 
DaTioauN  (W,  M,),     [See  BiKKn  (A.  C,),] 
D'Ehicebbz   i>b   Chahkoy   (D.).      Uotli-horers    affecting   sugar-cane    in 

[Dept.  Agric.  Mauritius,  Scient.  Series,  Bull.  No.  S,  1817.] 

Tht  Author. 
DiSTiNT  (W.  L.).      Rbyiiohota,      Part  II  :   Sub-order  Homnptora.     Percy 
Slulen  Trust  Expeilition  to  Indian  Ocean  in  lUOS. 
[Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  Loud.,  Zool.  2nd  Ser.,  Vol.  XVII,  1017.] 

Jly  Exehaugt. 
DOOMIH  (P.).     H^tcrocArfs  de  I'ArotTiqUB  du  Sud. 

[Faac.  XUI.  1817,]  Tkt  Author. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


DONHTHOBPK  <H.)l     {Delie/ioderiii)  (Hvfwelinea)  micfryt,  d,  sp.,  »  species 
a[  Ant  new  to  Scirnt-e  :  niib  s  lew  noUs  on  the  geuua. 
[Botom.  Becord,  Vul   XXIX,  191T.]  Thr  Juthor. 

BDwum  (F.    W.).     HiMqnitues  and  their  retation  to  diiesBe,  tbeir  life- 
biston.  babita  and  control. 
[British  Huseum  (Nstural  History),  Economic  Series.  No.  4, 1914.] 
Till  TnaUti  £Hl.  Mvl. 
Faqan(H.  H.).    [SeeRuHwiB  (8.  A.).]. 

FouoM  (J.  W.).      North  AmeriFaa  CoUemboloua  iuaecta  ot  the  subtamily 
OnycbiuriDse. 
[Proc   U.  S.  Nat.  Mu«  ,  Vol.  LIII,  Aug.  IBIT.] 

The  Umithioitias  Iitilit^tioH. 

FitBD  (G.    H.J.     Obaeriatioiis  on  the   larval  anil  pupal  stages  ot  Jifriolii 
oiinrvi.  LiDDKua. 
[Add.  Applied  Biolog},  Vol.  Ill,  Jan.  1911.1 

J>epl.  Ayric,  t'lllom.,  MaKchetlrr. 

Fox(H.).     Field  Dote*  on  VirgioisD  Orthoptera. 

[Proc.  U.  8.  Nat.  Mus.,  VoL  LII,  Haruh  1917.) 

Ibt  SMitkioAiaa  iHUilulion. 

FbuOOATT   (J.     L.).      [SteFHOOQiTTOV.W,).]. 


FBOOflAiT  (W.  W.  and  J.  L,).  Pb^f  p-mnggot  Flies,  No.  3.  Beport  of  work 
carried  out  iu  the  Itivirius  Uistnct,  during  1915-16,  at  the 
Oovernment  SheefBy   Eiperimeiit   Station  at  Woolooodool, 


GiHAN  (A,  B,).     Deierlptions  of  some  new  parasitic  Hymenoptera. 
[Proc.  U.  6.  Nat.  Hiu.,  Vol.  I.Ut,  Hay  I91T.] 

Thi  Saittluoaia'i  Imtitiitha. 
Oeteb(E.  W.).    [8eeQDAiNT*NCK(A.  I,.).]. 

Gibson  (A.).      A  new  species  of  Torlrii  of  economic  importance  from  New- 
foundland (Lepidoptera  :  Tortricidae) . 
[Canad.  Hntomologiat,  Vol.  XLVIII,  IS16.] 

Tlu  Jtithar. 

The  Bntomological  Record  for  1918. 

[RepriDtcd  irom  4Tth  Anu.  Rept.  Ent.  iSoc,  Ontario,  1916.] 

tanarf.  Dtpt.  Aj/ric. 

nlilla,  Zell.). 

*,  I>rpt.  Agric. 

K  <E.  B.).     Notea  on  Coccidse  accurriog  in  the  Seychelles  IsUnds,  with 
deacriptions  of  new  jipccies. 
[Bull.  Ent.  Keseatch,  Vol.  VII,  Oct.  1918.] 


—  Obserrations  on  Brilish  Coccidse,  with  i 

No.  m. 
[Eot.  Monthly  Mag.,  Vol.  LllI,  lOlT.] 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


(     zxxiv     ) 

Obekn  (El  B.)-     ObwrTktkiM  od  Britiab  Coccidw,  with  dc* 
tpraet.    Ho.  IV. 
[Bot.  H<nithl7  H<g.,  Vol.  LIQ,  10171 


iiBiw<l'.  HO-    AGuidetatheLilnmtureof  BrituhDipton. 

[Proe.  Rojril  Boc  Edinburgh,  Snsiau  I9I<I-17,  Vol.  XX,  Put  3. 
The  .IXAor. 
IK  to  (be  Kpecimeof  and  mUned  inadclK  of  inxectaaiid  ticks  exhjbitn)  in 
tbc  Ceotral  HkII,  Bntiab  Humudi  (Natural  Hiitorj),  illnitrat- 
<Dg  tbeir  importaiKe  in  Ibe  wfrad  of  diwaae. 
[Sped*]  Guide  No.  T.  1916.]  T%t  Trutlrri  Brit.  Mts. 


Vol.  XUX,  iei6,l  Tki  Author, 

Hahfson   (Kir  George).     The  DrtenninatioD    of    Generic    Type*    in    tbe 
Lepidopten. 
[Bolom.  N«w«,  Vol.  XXVJIJ,  Dec.  IBIT.]  Tkt  Autkor. 

Hawirr  (C.  G,).    Reguiatiooa  under  tbe  Dettnictive  Insect  and  Pett  Act, 
with  iantructious  to  importen  and  eiportin  of  trem,  pbntc 
and  otber  nuraery  atock. 
[Canid.  Dept.  Agric,  Entom.  Bnncb,  Circular  No.  10,  1917.] 

Report  of  the  DominioD  EDtomoloaiat  for  tbe  year  ending  March 

31,1917. 

RegulatiouB  under  the  destructive  Inaett  and  Peat  Act,  1917. 

[Canad.  Dept.  Agric,  Eutom.  Branch,  Circular  No.  lil.lBlT.] 
Vamii.  itepl.  Ayric. 

. —  [See  Report  of  (be  Dominion  Entomologiat,  OtUwa,  1917.] 

HiBsT  {%.).    Species  of  Ararhntila  and  Hyriopoda  (scorpiona.  epiders,  mitea, 
tick*  and  centipede*)  injurious  to  man. 
[Britiab  Husetim  (Natural  History),  Rconomjc  Series,  No.  6,  1917.1 
The  TTttiteri  Brit.  -Vbi. 
UoDoiiss  (H.  B.).    [See  Pakrott  (P.  J.).] 

Ihhs  (A.  D.).      Tarred  felt  "disci"  for  protecting  cabhagea  and   rela(«d 
vegetables  from  attacks  of  the  root  fly  {Ch-rleMte  /irauicat). 
[Joum.  Board  Agric,  Vol.  XXIII.  March  1917.] 

Ilfpl.  Auric.  KatBm..  Manehtilir. 

[See  C<>LK  (A.  C.),] 

Islti  (Dwight).     Control  of  tbe  grape-berry  moth  in  the  Erie-Chalauqua 
Grape  Beit  (/•o/ycAra.    -     -  '■'  -    • 


[U.  8.  Dept.  Agric.,"Kid1.  No,  5.W,  Aug,  1917.] 

U.  S,  litft.  At/rie. 

R1K>  iJ.  Joauuia)      Invesligsciones  sobre  el  pHludjomo  en  Pnebla. 

[Piib'tshed  by  the  (^olegiu  del  K-Uilo  di-  Puebla  [Mexico],  1916.1 

Thf  .Si«U  Calftgt  of  FutMa. 

<an  (H.  8.).     I'ure  lines  in  the  study  of  genetics  in  lower  orgaoiima. 

[Amer.  Kal.,  Vol.  XI.V,  Feb.  101 1.] 

—  The  Numerical  reanlta  of  iliireriu  sy(ti;nis  of  breeding. 

[Geuetic*.  Vol.  I.Jan.  IHlti] 

—  Hereflity,   Variation   atid    tbe    Results  uf    Selection  in   the   UBi- 

parental  reproduction  of  DiMnyiii  conma. 
[Genetic*,  Vol.  1,  Sept.  1916.] 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


XXXV      ) 

jDniiN09(H.  S.).     The  numerical  mulUofJicerwijatomiiof  breeding,  sith 
respect  to  two  pair*  of  cbsnctmt,  linkeil  or  indepeDdent,  with 
■pecial  relation  to  tlie  effect!  of  linkace. 
[Oenetics,  Vol.  11,  Hareh  ]&1T.] 

Hodirjing  ftetorii  and  multiple  allelomorph!  in  relation  to  the 

reMilts  or  nelectioD.     [Baaed  on  the  fruit  At  I>naimhila.'\ 
[Amer.  Nat.,  Vol.  LI,  Ha;  ISIT.j 

Obeervi  d  change*  in  Hereditary  characters  in  Relation  lo  Brolatimi 

[Jouro.  Washington  Acad.  Sci.,  Vol.  VII,  Hay  ISITJ 

The  Author. 

Jo)iM(D,  W.I.    TbeEnroHan  Barwig<fDn!ci>/n  iiiiri<-ii(Dri*<i)and  itacontrol. 
[U.S.  ft'iH.Agrlc.,  Bull.  No.  566,  June  1917  1 

IJ.  S.  Dtft.  Agric. 
Jones  {T.  H.).     The  8ireet-pot»to  leaf-folder  (PiVktki*  trimnelala.  Fab.), 
[f.  S.  E>ept.  Agtic,  Bull.  No.  «»,  Nov.  1917.1 

('.  S.  Dcpt.  AgrU. 
KiBiPtTnicK  <R  ).    The  Biology  of  Watcroorks. 

[British  Museum  (Natural  Uirtor;),  Bconomic  Striea,  No.  7.  1917. 
Thi  TTi-stit>  Brit.  M«,. 

KRjiiTiiO.)    [8«eKl'sTen(H.  C,)] 

Edsteb  (H.  C.)     Die  Kafrr  Eiiropa's.     Kach  der  Natur  bescbrieber.    Heft 


Li  RcB  (Q.  R.)       Two  new  larial    Trrmalodts  from  Thamnophit  utareiajta 
and  Tkemnopha  tauei. 
[Occa*.  Pnpers  Hua,  Zoo!.  UdIy.  Michigan,  No.  35,  Jan.  1917.] 
Unix,  of  Afiekigaii. 
LiTBM>p  (F.  H.).    [Pee  Pajiiiott  (1'.  J, ).] 
Lecas  (T.  p.).     Memoir  Ipubltnbcd  in  Brisbane  1917). 

tVr«r- »--.(-..-.  fo.,  flriiion*. 
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Th,  Author. 
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[Joum.  Aigric.  Research,  Vol.  X,  July  1917. 

('.  S.  Dipt.  Agric. 
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C..S.  Iltyl.  Agric. 
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HcObigok  (B.  A.>,     Descriplions  of  seven  new  species  of  Red  Spidera. 
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HoJrwoh  (E.  a.)  and  HcDonoi^oh  (F.  L).  .The  Red  Spide 
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[U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.  Bull.  No.  4ia,  Jan.  1917.] 


iM,Googlc 


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[Jouro.  Agric.  Kesearcli,  Vol,  X.  Sept.  1917.J 


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Mi-KBO  (W.).     [See  CUOiKNT  (G.  K.)-] 

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('.  .V.  Dipt.  Afrie. 


ih,Cooi^lc 


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[Caoad.  Dept.  Agric,  Entom.  Branch,  Bull.  No.  14, 191T.1 
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Canad.  Oept.  Ayric. 


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The  Author. 
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}>tpt.  Ayric.  Enimn.,  Sfanchtiler. 
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Tht  TnuUti  Brit.  Mm. 
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('.  S.  Dipt.  Aj/ric. 
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[[:.  S.  Dept.  Agrtc.,  Bull.  No.  460,  June  1917. 1 

V.S.  Dipt.  Agrie. 


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ITALY. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


TRANSACTIONS 

ENTOMOLOGICAL   SOCIETY 

LONDON 

Fob   the   Year    1917. 


I.  Descriptions  of  Soulk  American  Micro-Lepidoptera. 
By  E.  Meymck,  B.A.,  F.R.S. 

[Read  December  flth,  1916.] 

The  following  descriptioos  are  from  specimens  in  my  -own 
collection.  They  include  some  further  interesting  material 
from  high  levels  in  the  Andes  (9000-12,000  feet  elevation), 
amongst  which  are'  examples  of  the  genera  Pkalonia, 
C'roddosema,  Arislotelia,  and  Phtkorimaea.  Altogether  six 
genera  and  102  species  are  described  as  new. 

PHALONIADAE. 
Amallectis,  n.  g. 

Palpi  rather  long,  porrected,  triangulsrly  rough-scaled.  An- 
tenaae  in  S  strongly  ciliated.  Forewinga  with  2  from  towards 
angle,  3  absent,  8  absent,  II  from  middle.  Hindwings  with  2  fiom 
towards  angle,  3  and  4  stalked,  6  somewhat  approximated,  6  and  7 
long-stalked. 

Probably  a  development  of  Phalonta. 
Amallectis  devlncta,  n.  sp. 

$■  13  mm.  Head  ochreous-whitish,  sides  more  ochreous.  Palpi 
oehieons-whitish,  laterally  more  ochreoos,  with  a  few  dark  fuscoua 
speoka.    Thorai.  oohreons -whitish,  shouldera   marked   with  dark 

TEANS.  ENT.  SOC.  LOKD.  1917. — PART  I.      (NOV.)  B 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


■_$    •.      '"■     Mr.  E.  Meyrick's  Desenpttmu  of 

fuMXHU.  Abdamen  pale  greyish,  anal  toft  whitiah.  Forewinp 
elongate,  posteriorlj  dilated,  coata  gently  anihed,  apex  obtnae, 
t«rmeii  obliquely  rounded ;  ochreous-whitiah ;  a  dark  fnscoua  ipot 
mixed  with  brownish -ochreonB  on  baae  of  coeta,  and  another  near 
bejond  it ;  a  transvene  fascia  from  middle  of  costa,  costal  portion 
lather  narrow,  dark  fuscous,  mixed  with  ochreous-brownish,  lower 
half  formed  of  grej  irroration,  dilating  to  dorsum,  where  it  extends 
over  more  than  median  third,  and  is  marked  with  dark  fuscous;  a 
clondy  grey  spot  on  coeta  towards  } :  cilia  ochreous-whitisb. 
Hindwin^  whitish,  with  some  cloudy  grey  stiigulae  in  diao  and 
posteriorly;  cilia  whitish. 
Peru,  Lima,  in  August  {Parish) ;  one  Bpecimen. 

nuJonU  subUmls,  n.  sp. 

$.  16  mm.  Head  whitish.  Palpi  2},  pale  oobieoos  mixed  with 
ferruginous.  Thorax  whitisb-ocbreouB  tinged  with  ferruginous. 
Abdomen  greyish.  Forewinga  elongate,  rather  nairow,  posterioily 
■lightly  dilated,  coeta  slightly  arched,  apex  obtuse,  tfimen  hardly 
rounded,  oblique;  whitish-ochreous,  almost  wholly  suffused  with 
femiginous  except  towards  costa  beyond  middle;  some  minute 
blackisb  strigulae  scattered  along  oosta;  a  tnodetate  suffused  deep 
ferruginous  fascia  slightly  before  middle  pardlel  to  termen,  this 
fascia  and  dorsal  half  of  wing  beyond  it  minutely  speckled  with 
black;  several  deep  femiginous  spots  and  mariu  on  apical  fourth 
of  wing  forming  a  coarse  reticulation :  cilia  whitish-ochreous,  su(- 
fnsedly  barred  with  grey.  Hindwings  whitish-grey,  IndisliiMtly 
strigulated  with  grey ;  cilia  grey-whitish. 

Peru,  Huancayo,  10,650  feet,  in  July  {ParUh);  one 
specimen. 

Phalonla  galbanea,  n.  sp. 
S  9'  11-13  mm.  Head  and  thorax  pale  brownish -ochreous,  face 
whitish-ochreous.  Palpi  2],  oobreous-whitish  tinged  with  brownish. 
Antennal  cUiations  of  S  1-  Abdomen  rather  dark  grey.  Forewings 
elongate,  posteriorly  slightly  dilated,  costa  slightly  arohed,  apex 
obtuse,  termen  rounded,  rather  oblique;  light  brownish -ochreous; 
basal  patch  slightly  darker,  undefined,  on  costal  edge  often  snfiFosed 
with  dark  fuscous;  a  rather  narrow  ochreous- brown  postmedian 
fascia,  obtusely  sngulaled  and  interrupted  above  middle,  its  costal 
edge  sometimes  marked  with  dark  fuscous;  a  more  or  less  indicated 
ochreous- brown  mark,  sometimes  with  dark  fusoous  scales,  on  dorsum 
before  torous;    a  rather  narrow  ochreous-brown  fascia  from  j  of 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


South  American  Mvcro-Le'piiopteTa.  3 

coat*  to  middle  of  tormeo,  and  three  or  four  imall  indistioot  A»A 
fnflcooa  costal  atrigol&e  oa  or  near  tbie  :  cilia  pale  ochreoua,  tsiuMj 
spotted  with  dark  fuscous  or  blBckiah  irroration.  Hindwings 
blackish-grey ;  cUia  pole  grey,  vith  darker  grey  subbasal  shade. 

British  Guiana,  Bartica  and  Mallali,  frum  December 
to  March  {Parish);  Peru,  Pacaya,  in  August  (Mounsey); 
eight  specimens. 

Phalonla  swrifluti,  n.  sp. 
S  $.  8-1 1  nuD.  Head,  palpi,  and  thorax  pale  ochreons.  Antennal 
oiliationB  of  (J  1.  AbdomeD  grey.  Forewii^  elongate,  poet«riorij 
BODMwhat  dilated,  oosta  gently  arched,  apex  obtuse,  tennen  obliquely 
nnmded;  7  to  oosta;  oohreoue,  more  or  less  silvery-irideeoent ; 
some  minate  scattered  strigulae  of  black  irroration  along  coeta;  a 
qiiadnrte  deeper  spot  on  costa  beyond  middle,  edged  laterally  with 
■trignlae  of  black  irroration ;  some  indistinct  darker  suffusion,  with 
inegoUr  mariu  of  black  irroration,  in  disc  beneath  this ;  a  more  or 
leas  developed  biangnlar  blotch  of  black  irroration  on  dorsum  before 
middle,  and  a  small  spot  towards  tonus;  an  indistinct  spot  of 
deeper  snSnsion  above  tomus ;  an  indistinct  deeper  faaciat«  streak 
from  ^  of  costa  to  middle  of  termen,  its  lower  portion  covered  by  an 
irregular  patch  of  scattered  black  irroration  ;  cilia  pale  oohreouB. 
Hindwings  with  3  and  4  closely  approximated  or  connate;  grey, 
thinly  scaled  in  cell,  veins  darker ;  ciiia  pale  grey. 

British  Guiana,  Bartica  and  Mallali,  from  December  to 
March  {Pariah);  Dutch  Guiana,  Paramaribo;  Brazil, 
Parana;  twenty-six  specimeoB. 

Phalonla  enellUea,  n.  sp. 
S-  13-16  mm.  Head  whitish.  Palpi  2),  oohreouB- whitish, 
tinged  or  sprinkled  with  brownish.  Antennal  ciliations  nearly  2. 
Thorax  whitish,  sometimes  tinged  with  ochreous.  Abdomen  grey,  anal 
tuft  whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  posteriorly  slightly  dilated,  costa 
gently  aiohed,  apex  obtuse,  t«rmen  nearly  straight,  oblique;  pale 
brownish-OChreoQB,  sometimes  more  or  less  whitish-tinged;  a  faint 
brownish  basal  patch,  edge  angulated,  its  lower  portion  marked  by  a 
more  or  less  indicated  darker  streak;  a  moderate  brownish  post- 
median  fascia  angulated  and  more  or  less  interrupted  in  disc,  par- 
tially sprinkled  and  marked  with  dark  fuscous  on  edges,  lower  portion 
forming  a  semioval  spot ;  a  roundish  brown  spot  on  costa  at  ;),  and 
one  or  two  dark  brown  strigulae  before  and  beyond  it ;  cilia  pale 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


4  Mr.  £.  Ueyrick's  Descripliont  <^ 

oohreooB.     Hindwinga  grey;    oUift  whitiBh-grey,  irith  grey  mibbMal 
shade. 

Ecuador,  Alsusi,  9450  feet,  in  June  (Pamh);  five 
specimens. 

Phklonla  mordax,  n.  sp. 

[}.  1&-I7  mm.  Head,  pali»,  and  thorax  whitish,  more  or  leas 
sprinkled  with  fuscoDs  and  dark  fuMoua,  palpi  3.  Ant«iiiial  oilia- 
tloDB  2.  Abdomen  whitish -fosoons.  Forewings  elongate,  posteriorly 
■lightly  dilated,  coata  gently  arched,  apes  obtuse,  termen  ronnded, 
obliqne ;  whitish,  strewn  with  pale  ochreous  strigolae  more  or  less 
iiTonted  with  fusoous  and  dark  fuscous;  maikiogs  brownish 
sprinkled  with  dark  fuscous;  thiee  somewhat  oblique  spots  from 
costa  at  i,  middle,  and  };  three  rather  iiregnlar  oblique  fasoiate 
streaks  from  donrum,  first  at  }-,  reaching  halt  aoross  wing,  second 
from  beyond  middle,  similar  but  more  or  less  interrupted  beneath  its 
apex,  third  from  lomus,  more  or  less  obsolete  at  tower  extremity, 
reaching  f  across  wing  near  termen;  some  small  msrginal  spots  round 
apex  and  termen  :  cilia  whitish,  mixed  of  indistinctly  barred  with 
fuscous.  Hindwings  pale  grey,  strigulated  with  grey ;  cilia  whitish- 
grey,  with  darker  subbasal  shade. 

Aegentina,  R.  Parana;   four  specimens. 

Lasiothybis,  n.  g. 

Antennae  in  ^  ciliated.  Forewings  with  2  from  J,  3  and  4 
approximated,  7  to  costs,  11  from  middle.  Hindwings  with  3 
and  4  connate,  6  hardly  approximated,  6  and  7  nearly  parallel. 

Apparently  allied  to  Pharmacia. 

Lasiothyris  linutula,  n.  sp. 

S-  9  mm.  Head  and  thorax  light  ochreous,  face  whittsh-ochreous. 
(Palpi  broken.)  Anteimal  ciliations  1.  Abdomen  grey,  anal  tuft 
grey-whitisL  Forewings  elongate,  costa  slightly  arched,  apex 
obtuse,  termen  rounded,  oblique;  light  ochreous;  costa  marked 
with  some  minute  indistinct  dark  fuscous  strigulae,  and  with  narrow 
elongate  spots  of  ferruginous -fuscous  suffusion  at  \  and  middle : 
dorsal  half  suffuspd  with  ferruginous,  more  strongly  posteriorly, 
with  a  few  dark  fuscous  specks,  crossed  by  some  silvery-whitish 
iridescence  beyond  middle ;  an  oblique  ferruginous -ochreous  fascia 
from  }  of  costa  to  middle  of  termen,  preceded  and  followed  by 
silvery -whitish  iridescence  :  cilia  ochreous,  towards  tips  whitish- 
tinged.    Hindwbigs  hyaline  with  thinly  strewn  dark  groy  hoirscales. 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


South  American  Micro-Lepiioptera.  6 

tomrda  tennen  raSused  vitb  giey,  veins  uid  t«rmin&I  edge  d&rk 
grey;  oiliA  whitish-grey. 

EcuAiK>R,  Huigra,  1500  feet,  in  June  [Pariah);  one 
specimen. 

Ptitbuehnis  praepositi,  n.  sp. 

^.  26-30  mm.  Head  and  palpi  fuscous.  Anteonal  ciliationa 
1|.  Thorax  white.  Abdomen  light  grey.  Forewingi  elongate, 
posteriorly  considerably  dilated,  costa  anterioriy  hardly,  poBt«rioriy 
moderately  arched,  apex  obtuse,  termen  slightly  rounded,  rather 
oblique;  silvery- white ;  a  rather  broad  somewhat  oblique  fusoous 
median  fascia,  tending  to  be  partially  interrupted  above  middle, 
extended  along  coeta  as  a  suffnsed  diminishing  band  t«  base,  on 
oosta  marked  with  small  darker  spots  or  strignlae,  in  disc  with  some 
silvery  iridescence  and  transverse  markings  of  rained  silvery  acalee ; 
about  seven  dark  fuscous  dota  on  dorsal  edge;  a.  rather  curved 
traoBverae  fuscous  streak  mixed  with  dark  fuscous  above  tomua, 
and  a  small  spot  above  upper  extremity  of  this ;  a  triangular  fuscous 
apical  pateh,  partially  sprinkled  with  dark  fuscous,  extending  over 
neariy  \  of  coeta  and  to  below  middle  of  termen  :  cilia  grey  (imper- 
fect). Hindwings  pale  grey,  coarsely  strigulated  or  marbled  with 
grey;  cilia  whitish -grey. 

Colombia,  San  Antonio,  5800  feet,  in  November;  two 
specimens. 

TORTRICIDAE. 
CApnk  amett,  n.  sp. 

i^.  17  mm.  Head  and  thorax  brown,  suSusedly  irrorated  with 
dark  grey.  (Palpi  broken.)  Abdomen  grey.  Porewings  sub- 
oblong,  costa  anteriorly  moderately,  posteriorly  slightly  arched,  with 
costal  fold  reaching  nearly  to  J,  apex  obtuse,  termen  straight, 
somewhat  oblique;  ferruginous -brown,  irrorated  with  dark  grey 
costal  fold  and  about  Hvc  costal  spots  suffused  with  blackish-grey 
central  fascia  and  large  triangular  costal  blotch  represented  by  a 
broad  indelinite  general  blackish-grey  suffusion ;  a  tuft  of  raised 
scaJee  on  fold  beneath  middle  of  wing,  and  numerous  scattered 
raised  scales  on  surface  of  wing  :  cilia  brownish,  basal  half  spotted 
or  mixed  with  dark  grey.  Hindwings  grey,  towards  apex  and  upper 
part  of  termen  paler  and  strigulated  with  darker ;  cilia  grey -whitish, 
with  snbbasal  line. 

Peru,  Lima,  in  August  {Parish);   two  specimens. 

iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


6  Mr.  E.  Mej'iick's  Descriptunu  <^ 

Ctpna  lllsqusts,  n.  sp. 

$.  14  mm.  Head  and  thor&x  whitish-jellow,  ant«rioi  mugin 
of  th<n«j(  marked  with  brown.  Palpi  yellow-whitiBh,  with  two 
tranarerae  fuscous  ban  on  second  joint,  and  one  on  base  of  tennuutl. 
Abdomen  giey.  Forewings  elongate,  posteriori^  dilated,  oosla 
gently  arched,  apex  obtuse,  termen  rounded,  rather  oblique;  light 
brassy-yellow  sprinkled  with  ferruginous,  partially  euffosed  with 
eilveiy-white  on  margins  of  markings;  markings  lilac-brown,  edged 
with  some  dark  brown  scales;  a  fermginous- brown  spot  along  base 
of  costs,  enclosing  two  pale  yellow  atrigulac  on  costs ;  a  small 
ferruginous  spot  on  base  of  dorsomi  an  irregular  oblique  fascia 
from  \  of  costa  to  below  middle  of  wing,  its  extremity  dibted  and 
truncate ;  a  triangular  blotch  on  dorsum  about  i ;  a  large  spot  on 
middle  of  costa  and  a  smaller  one  beyond  it,  connected  by  a  thick  bar 
beneath ;  a  small  costal  spot  beyond  this ;  an  irregular  fascia  from 
costa  before  apex  to  tomua,  including  a  pale  yellow  strigula  on  oosta, 
its  anterior  edge  triangularly  prominent  above  middle  so  as  joat  to 
touch  angle  of  the  subcoBtal  bar  and  suSused  here  with  fermginous, 
its  posterior  edge  connected  with  termen  below  middle  by  a  narrow 
bar ;  some  small  silvery- white  spots  along  termen  and  tomus  :  cilia 
pale  yellow  barred  with  ferruginous.  Hindwings  dark  grey;  cilia 
greyish  with  darker  subbaaal  shade. 

French  Guiana,  R.  Maroni;  one  specimen.  Allied  to 
alumiiiias. 

Pseudatteria  forniMU,  n.  ap. 

9.  30-38  mm.  Head  white  spotted  with  black.  Palpi  nearly  6, 
slender,  black,  bssal  joint  white,  second  joint  internally  white. 
Thorax  black,  posterior  margin  of  collar,  a  mark  on  each  side  of 
back,  a  dot  in  middle,  and  two  posterior  white.  Abdomen  black, 
segmental  margins  white.  Forewings  suboblong,  moderately 
broad,  costa  strongly  arched,  apex  rounded -obtuse,  termen  rounded, 
somewhat  oblique;  orange ;  dorsal  edge  ochreoue- whitish ;  a 
moderate  evenly  broad  ochreous -white  border  running  all  round 
costa  and  termen,  with  purple-black  markings  as  follows,  viz.  a 
basal  bar,  eight  thick  transverse  spots  crossing  it  between  this  and 
I  of  costa,  four  marginal  spots  round  apex  connected  anteriorly 
by  an  irregular  marking  but  first  or  second  of  these  sometimes  dis- 
cormected,  and  five  semicircular  marginal  spots  on  termen,  second 
conQuent  with  an  anterior  spot  bo  as  t«  form  a  bar  crossing  border; 
in  one  specimen  a  dot  beneath  this  bar  anterioriy,  in  the  other  a 
small  spot  above  tomal  spot :  cilia  white,  barred  with  purple-black 
on  markings.    Hindwings  coppery -orange,  dorsum  nsnowly  suf- 


l„y,|,AJh,COOl^lC 


South  Ammean  Micro-Lepidoptem.  7 

fnaed  iritb  darii  grey ;  oine  snuU  nmioiroiUAr  puiple-black  moigiiiaJ 
■potB  round  «pex  utd  tennen;    oilia  whitiah,  beooming  oiwige 
tomrds  tomtu  and  duk  grey  on  domun,  barred  with  ptir[Je- 
Uackioh  on  »pat«. 
Colombia,  San  Antonio,  6800  feet,  in  November;   two 


CMoeda  eheli^rapto,  n.  sp. 

(f.  13  mm.  Head  whitiah,  aides  of  ototd  mixed  vith  orinuon- 
foBcoOB.  Palpi  vhitiab,  eli^tiy  aprinkled  with  crimaon.  Ant«uu1 
ciUatkniB  }-  Thor&x  pale  ochreoua,  anterior  margin  aaffused 
with  pnrjdiah-bniwTi.  Abdomen  ochreoua-orange.  ForewingB  tmb- 
obtong,  moderately  broad,  rather  dilated  posteriorly,  coata  anteriorly 
gently,  posteriorly  hardly  arched,  without  fold,  apex  obtiue,  t«rmen 
•lightly  rounded,  neariy  vertical ;  pale  glosay  yellow-ochreous;  an 
obliqne  dark  rcddiah-brown  streak  from  middle  of  costa  reaching 
half  across  wing,  snSnsed  with  dork  grey  except  on  costa;  a  small 
dark  brown  spot  on  oosta  at  | :  cilia  whitish-ochieoua,  on  upper 
haU  of  termen  aufinsed  with  reddish -blown.  Hindwinga  oohreotu- 
orange ;  eilia  light  ochreoua. 

Fbbnch  Guiana,  R.  Maroni ;  one  specimen. 

Caeoeoift  MrobktlM,  n.  sp. 

i.  30  mm.  Head  blackiih-fuaooue  on  crown,  face  and  palfn 
light  greyiah-ochreona.  Ant«nnal  ciliatioiiB  I.  Thorax  light  glossy 
lilao-foBOOUa.  anterior  margin  blackish-fuBcouB.  Abdomen  giey. 
Foiewings  elongate,  moderate,  posterioriy  dilated,  ooata  gently 
•rafaec^  without  fold,  apex  obtuse,  termen  hardly  obliqne,  obtusely 
bent  in  middle;  rather  light  purple-fuscous,  finely  strioUted  tiana- 
Tersely  with  dark  grey,  along  costa  suffused  with  grey;  an  irregular 
txansrerse  white  spot  in  dise  at  { ;  a  large  balloon-shaped  blaokiah 
Uotoh  before  tennen,  extending  from  near  costa  |  acrosa  wing, 
partially  edged  finely  with  white,  especially  on  upper  part  anteriorly : 
oiUa  purple-brownish  (imperfect).  Hindwings  grey,  with  some  faint 
da^er  striguloe  posteriorly ;  cilia  grey- 

CoLOMBiA,  San  Antonio,  5800  feet,  in  November;  one 
specimen. 

Tortrli  InfawnUiM,  Zell. 

I  think  I  have  correctly  identified  this  as  a  apecies  of 
which  I  have  eleven  examples  taken  at  Huigra,  Ecuador. 
4500  feet,  in  June.     If  so,  it  ia  a  true  Tortrix,  very  like 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


8  Hr.  E.  Heyiick's  DtacripUont  oj 

the  North  American  peritana,  bat  Zeller  ia  not  strictly 
correct  in  stating  that  the  male  has  no  costal  fold;  the 
costal  edge  is  slightly  rolled  over  on  basal  fonrth,  and  the 
posterior  part  of  this  is  furnished  with  rather  long  project- 
ing scales,  but  so  closely  appressed  to  surface  of  wing  as  to 
be  unnoticeable  unless  liftt^. 

Tortrix  homophyla,  n.  sp. 

^.  12  mm.  Head,  palpi,  and  iiioras  ochreoilB.  Antennal  oilia- 
tiouB  1.  Abdomen  pale  whitiBh-ochreooB.  Forewinga  elongate, 
posteriorly  somewhat  dilated,  costs  gently  aicbed,  without  fold, 
tffiex  obtuse-pointed,  t«nnen  elightly  Biniiat«,  rather  oblique; 
whitish-grey-ochreouB,  stiigulatod  with  light  giey,  with  several 
indistinct  grey-yellowish  striae ;  edge  of  basal  patch  angulated  in 
middle,  marked  with  blackish  in  disc  but  obsolete  towards  margins ; 
central  fascia  moderate,  oblique,  grey,  anterior  margin  straight, 
marked  with  blockish  scales,  posterior  irregular  and  indefinite; 
costal  patch  large,  semioval,  dork  grey,  sending  a  well-marked  dark 
grey  line  to  termen  below  middle,  continued  a  little  down  it;  a 
dark  grey  streak  along  apical  part  of  termen :  cilia  whitish-grey- 
ochreous.  Hindwings  ochreous-groy-whitieh,  towards  apex  with  a 
few  grey  strigulae ;   cilia  ochreous-grey- whitish. 

Colombia,  La  Cnimbre,  6600  feet,  in  May  (Parith); 
one  specimen.  Very  Bimilsr  to  preceding,  yet  easily  dis- 
tinguished by.  sinuate  termen  of  forewings  and  whitish 
hindwings.  besides  other  differences. 

Tortrlx  eapnostlehs,  n.  sp. 

1^$.  13-16  mm.  Head  and  thomx  pale  fuscous.  Palpi  oofareous- 
whitish  sprinkled  with  dark  fuscous.  Antennal  ciliations  of  3  '' 
Abdomen  fuscous.  Forewings  elongate-oblong,  costa  anteriorly 
moderately,  posteriorly  hardly  arched,  in  (J  with  edge  very  narrowly 
rolled  over  from  base  to  i  and  slightly  rough-scaled,  apex  obtuse, 
termen  straight,  rather  oblique;  pale  ocbreous  irrorated  with 
fuscous;  central  fascia  moderate,  oblique,  rather  dark  fuacous, 
somewhat  narrowed  upwards,  margins  nearly  straight,  sometimes 
irregulariy  interrupted  above  middle ;  costal  patch  rather  large, 
irregular- trapezoidal,  rather  dark  tuBcous,  with  an  indistinct  lino 
running  from  it  to  termen  below  middle  :  cilia  pale  ocbreous,  with 
line  of  fuscous  irroration.  Hindwings  whitish,  obscurely  strigulated 
with  groy  towards  apei  and  on  termen,  vein  2  and  lower  margin  of 
cell  beyond  it  suffused  with  grey ;  cilia  whitish. 

Peru,  Lima,  in  August  (Parish) ;  six  specimens. 


ih,  Google 


South  American  Miero-LepidopUra.  9 

Torlrlz  Ugnea,  n.  Bp. 
(J$.  16-18  mm.  Head,  palp,  and  thorax  brown.  AntemuJ 
aUatioiu  of  <^  |.  Abdomen  whitish-gKy.  Forewingi  sabobknig, 
coata  vitbont  fold,  anteriorly  strongly  arched,  posterioriy  slightly 
sinnato,  apex  obtnae,  termen  samewhat  bowed,  little  obtiqae ;  brown, 
■omewbat  tinged  with  fenuginona,  abecorely  fltaigalat«d  with  dark 
fuscous,  especially  on  margins;  basal  pateh  obeoorely  darker, 
p&rtially  aufinaed  with  dark  fuscous  irroration,  especisJIy  towards 
lower  half  pOBteriorly,  edge  angulated  in  middle;  oential  fascia 
daiker,  broad,  rather  irregular,  from  before  middle  of  oosta  to 
dorsum  before  toruD-,  narrower  and  irregularly  mixed  with  dark 
fnsooua  irroratioD  .owarda  oosta;  costal  pateh  darker,  flattened- 
triangalar,  whence  a  thick  streak  runs  to  termen  below  middle; 
a  short  darker  streak  along  upper  port  of  termen  ;  cilia  whitiah- 
oehreons,  with  dark  brown  Bubbaaal  shade-  Hindwings  grey- 
whitish,  strigulated  with  grey  posteriorly;  cilia  whitish  with  grey 
sabbasal  line. 

Ecuador.  Huigra  (4500  feet),  Alauai  {9450  feet),  in  June 
(Parish) ;   six  specimens. 

Tortrix  Ossionlata,  n.  Bp. 

S9-  lS-20  mm.  Head,  palpi,  and  thorax  light  brownish  closely 
irrorated  with  dark  fuscouB.  Antcniml  ciliationa  of  S  2-  Abdomen 
grey.  Forewings  elongate,  pOHteriorly  dilated,  costa  moderately 
arched,  withont  fold,  apex  obtuse-pointed,  termen  somewhat 
sinuate,  oblique ;  brown  suffusedly  irrorated  with  grey,  with  inegolar 
anastomosing  dark  fuscous  transverse  striae ;  the  confluenoe  of  these 
forma  a  narrow  somewhat  curved  fascia  about  |,  a  narrow  irregular 
somewhat  oblique  fascia  beyond  middle,  and  a  streak  from  ]  of 
costa  to  tomoH,  widest  on  coita  :  cilia  whitish-fuscous,  with  dark 
fuscous  subbaaal  line.  Hindwinga  grey-whitish,  more  or  less 
strigulated  with  grey ;  cilia  whitish,  with  grey  subboaal  line. 

Peru,  Aqualani,  in  June;  four  specimens. 

Ealla  atalodes,  ii.  sp. 
S-  14  mm.  Head  and  thorax  silvery-white,  face,  palpi,  and 
sbouldera  dark  fuscous.  Antenna!  ciliations  1.  Abdomen  whitish. 
Forewings  rather  elongate,  posteriorly  dilated,  costa  slightly  arched, 
straight  in  median  ai«a,  apex  obtuse,  termen  slightly  rounded, 
obUque;    silvery -white,  tinged  with  pale  greenish -yellow;    a  dark 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


10  Hr.  E.  Bfeyrick'B  DaenpUom  r^ 

fuBcooB  streak  along  basal  fifth  of  costa,  edged  beneath  b;  an  un- 
defined spot  of  pale  yellow  anffusion ;  a  laige  dark  fiuoous  triangular 
bloteb  extending  on  oosta  from  i  to  ^,  and  reaching  half  aorois 
wing;  a  emaU  dark  foBoous  spot  on  oosta  near  apex;  some  light 
giey  safhuion  along  median  portion  of  teimen :  oilia  light  gny, 
towards  apex  and  tomus  white.  Hindwinfp  pale  grej,  towards 
base  whitish-tinged ;  cilia  whitish,  with  two  pale  grey  linee- 

CoLOMBiA,  .San  Antonio,  5800  feet,  in  November;  one 
specimen. 

Eulia  melaneets,  n.  sp. 
$.  19  mm.  Head  and  palpi  whitish  tinged  with  fuscous.  Thorax 
iriiitisb,  anterior  margin  inftuoated.  Abdomen  pale  grey.  Fi»e- 
wingi  elongate,  posteriorly  slightly  dilated,  oosta  gently  arched, 
apex  obtuse,  termen  rounded,  oblique ;  whitish ;  costa  mariced  with 
a  aeries  of  small  dork  grey  spots,  and  in  middle  with  a  moderately 
large  irregular  spot;  a  dark  grey  patch  occupying  doraal  half  of 
wing  from  base  to  f,  towards  base  extended  to  04>sta,  posteriorly  with 
an  irregular  grey  lobe  above  nearly  reaching  median  costal  spot 
marked  with  a  subtriangulsj'  black  spot  anteriorly  and  a  black  dot 
beyond  this;  a  curved  sabterminal  grey  streak,  marked  with  some 
small  black  doU  in  disc ;  a  grey  niarginal  streak  round  apex  and 
termen,  marked  with  four  small  irregular  black  spots  on  Ha  upper 
portion :  cilia  dark  grey  irrorated  with  whitish.  Hindwings  grey- 
whitish  posteriorly  marbled  with  grey;  cilia  whitish,  with  grey 
sabbasal  line. 

Ecuador,  Alaiui,  9450   feet,  in  June  (Pariah);    one 
specimen. 

Cnephisla  utou,  n.  ep. 
^.  18  mm.  Head  and  thorax  whitish,  sides  of  crown  and  shoulders 
mixed  with  dark  fuscous.  Ant«nnal  ciliations  }.  Abdomen  grey- 
whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  obtuse, 
termen  straight,  rather  obUque;  ochroous-whitisb,  with  a  few 
scattered  dark  fuscous  scales  posteriorly,  and  some  dots  along  coeta; 
a  Bubtriangular  dark  fuscous  spot  on  base  of  costa,  and  a  smaller  one 
at  } ;  a  quadrate  dark  fuscous  spot  on  middle  of  coBtA,  an  oblique 
fascia  from  dorsum  before  middle  pointed  above  and  reaching  more 
than  half  across  wing,  and  a  curved  elongate  spot  in  disc  beyond 
middle,  these  three  all  connected  by  a  spot  of  grey  suffusion;  an 
irregular-trapezoidal  dark  fuscous  spot  on  dorsum  at  J,  and  an 
insular  bent  fascia  from  oosta  at  ^  directed  towards  this  but  only 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lc 


South  American  Micro-L^doptera.  II 

rnnrhmg  half  Miross  wing :  cilia  wfaitisb  (Impeifeot).  HimtwingB 
oohieoiu-whitiBh;  a  brush  of  very  long  spreading  black  haino«JsB 
wiUiin  odl;  cilia  vbitish. 

Colombia,  San  Antonio,  5800  feet,  in  November;  one 
specimen. 


Ow^uuia  pneelpna,  n.  ap. 
3.  18  mm.  Head  and  thorax  whitish.  Palpi  whitish,  basal 
half  sprinkled  with  dark  fuscous.  Anternial  ciliatious  J.  Abdomen 
grey-whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  posteriorly  rather  dilated,  costa 
gently  arched,  apex  obtuae,  t«nnen  nearly  straight,  rather  obliqne; 
ochreoaa-wbitlsh,  faintly  tinged  hei«  and  there  with  pale  reddish- 
ochreooB ;  markings  dark  f  usooux ;  several  dote  or  strigulae  on  costa, 
and  a  small  triangular  spot  at  J ;  a  quadrate  spot  on  middle  of  costa, 
an  oblique  fascia  from  dorsum  before  middle  reaching  haJf  across 
wing,  and  a  mark  in  disc  beyond  the  interval  between  them;  a 
large  acute-triangular  spot  on  doraum  beyond  middle ;  a  fascia  from 
}  of  costa  to  it  of  dorsum,  anterior  edge  with  an  irregular  prcuninence 
in  middle,  posterior  edge  nearly  straight :  oilia  ochreous- whitish 
(imperfect).  Hindwings  ochreous-whitisb,  irregularly  marbled  with 
grey;  cilia  ochreous-whitish. 

Colombia,  San  Antonio,  5800  feet,  in  November;  one 
specimen. 

Cntpbasia  dentati,  n,  sp. 

^  9-  13-14  mm.  Head  and  thorax  whitish,  shoulden  with  some 
dark  fusoons  scales.  Palpi  dark  fuscous,  terminal  joint  and  apex 
of  second  whitish.  Antennal  ciliations  of  g  I.  Abdomen  whitish- 
grey.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  moderately  arched,  apeK  obtuse, 
termen  slightly  rounded,  lather  oblique;  oohreous- whitish,  tinged 
here  and  there  with  light  brownish ;  some  blackish  dots  or  small 
atiigulae  on  costa ;  a  dark  fuscous  spot  on  base  of  costa,  and  a  smaller 
one  at  } ;  an  oehreous-grey  spot  on  middle  of  costa;  an  ochreous- 
grey  inwardly  oblique  fascia  from  costa  at  },  reaching  {  across  wing, 
contracted  above  middle,  becoming  pale  ochreous  in  disc;  a  dark 
foeoons  oblique  fasciate  blotch  from  dorsum  before  middle  reaching 
half  across  wing,  its  upper  extremity  denticulate  and  connected 
by  an  irregular  streak  with  a  dark  fuscous  spot  on  dorsum  at 
t ;  some  blackish  strigulae  on  upper  part  of  termen :  cilia  whitish, 
on  upper  part  of  termen  suffused  with  dark  grey,  on  costa  barred 
with  dark  fnscous.     Hindwings  grey-whitish,  irregulariy  Btrigulat«d 


u,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


12  Mr.  E.  Sbyrick'B  Daaiftiaiu  tf 

withgR?;  eaMwUtMh.    Fcaewn^ bcoMtb anfliMMl  with  reddiah- 

EcuADOB,  Hmgia,  4500  feet,  in  June  (Parish);  two 
Bpecimene. 

Cne^iuis  laaam,  u.  sp. 

1^.  12  mm.  HcMi  and  tbonx  wliiUsb-ocbreoua  tinged  with 
browniih.  Palpi  rotber  short,  whitish,  irrorated  with  blockish. 
Antennsl  cilistions  1(.  Abdomen  ochreons-gcej- whitish.  Fore- 
wings  elongate,  costs  slightly  siched,  apex  obtDse,  tecmen  elightlj 
rounded,  oblique ;  whitisb-ochreona ;  a  broad  datk  grey  tiansverse 
liand,  mixed  with  reddish' blown  and  blackish,  anterior  edge  nui- 
ning  from  ^  of  coeta  to  beyond  middle  of  doraiua.  rather  o 
potterioT  edge  from  g  of  costa  t«  J  of  doisiun,  slightly  c 
cilia  whitish^ochreons.  Hindwings  ocbreoiu-whitisb,  poeterioriy 
iiT^^nUrly  roSosed  with  grey ;  cilia  ochreous- whitish. 

Colombia,  I  a  Ouinbre,  6600  feet,  in  May  (Parisk); 
one  specimen. 

Amorbia  heliountha,  n ,  sp. 

9.  24-26  mm.  Head,  palpi,  and  thorax  deep  purple-femginoiis, 
palpi  2|.  Abdomen  orange.  Focewings  oblong,  coeta  towards 
base  very  strongly  arched  and  somewhat  roughened  with  eoales, 
then  almost  straight,  apex  obtuse -pointed,  termen  almost  Tertioal, 
sinuate  below  apex,  rounded  beneath;  ferruginous-brown,  strigu- 
lated  with  dark  grey ;  markings  formed  by  darker  ferraginous-brown 
suffusion,  with  purple  gloss,  very  undefined,  strewn  with  dark  gtey 
strigulao  and  some  small  groups  of  bluish-grey  scales;  basal  patch 
hardly  defined,  edge  veiy  oblique ;  central  fascia  moderate,  veiy 
oblique;  a  triangular  apical  patch,  its  edge  running  from  J  of  costa 
to  tomus,  somewhat  sinuate  :  cilia  ocbreous-brown,  with  torruginons- 
brown  basnl  line.  Hindwing  deep  orange;  an  apical  spot  of  deep 
ferruginous  suffusion,  strigulatcd  with  dork  grey;  cilia  orange,  tips 
pale,  round  apex  more  or  less  milfuBed  with  deep  ferruginous ;  costa 
somewhat  sinuate  before  prominent  origin  of  cilia. 

Kbemh  UriANA,  li.  Maroiii;  eleven  specimens.  A 
sinjrie  qj  fr«ni  the  same  locality  is  probably  the  other  sex 
iif  this  specie^ ;  tho  costa  of  {ore\viii<:s  is  much  less  strongly 
arched,  with  moderately  strong  fold  fn»m  base  to  f,  the 
hindwinfts  dull  light  fulvous-ochreous,  dee)>er  posteriorly, 
with  similar  dark  apical  spot. 


ih,Cooi^lc 


South  American  Micro-Lepittoptera.  13 

Spa^CinotUs  UlumiiutB,  n.  sp. 

$.  20  mm.  Head,  palpi,  and  thorax  fenogmoua' brownish,  palpi 
4.  Abdomen  onnge.  Forewingi  oblong,  costs  anterioriy  gtrongly 
arched,  posteriorly  nearly  gtnight,  apex  obtuse,  tennen  Htraigbt, 
vertical ;  feimginonB-hrawD  with  ailveiy-iridesceot-vialet  reflections, 
strewn  with  tiansverae  anastomosing  greyiah-ochreons  striolae  with 
Htrigolse  of  dark  fuscous  scales  adjoining  them ;  two  slightly  unnat« 
fine  greyish -ochreous  lines  edged  posteriorly  with  dark  fuscous  scalu, 
fintfromlotcostat«  I  of  dorsum,  second  from  g  of  oosta  to  tomns  : 
cilia  brownisb-ochreous,  en  termen  with  deep  Tiolet-ferruginous 
batal  line.  Hindwings  deep  ontnge,  towards  apex  and  upper  part 
of  l«niien  ccppery-tinged ;  cilia  coppery  tinged  with  fuscous. 

French  GmANA,  R.  Maroni;   one  apecimen. 

Spargsnothis  sabaelds,  n.  sp. 

S-  15  mm. ;  $.  22  mm.  ^ad,  palpi,  and  thorax  greyish- 
ochreoos,  slightly  sprinkled  with  dark  fuscous,  palpi  in  :?  3,  in  $  4. 
Antennal  ciliations  of  S  1-  Abdomen  pale  greyish-oohreous.  Fore- 
wings  elongate-oblong,  costa  anteriorly  in  3  strongly  arched,  ah^tly 
bent  oyer  and  roughened  with  scales  to  beyond  middle,  with  more 
maAed  subtriangular  projection  near  base,  in  9  veiy  strongly 
arched,  posteriorly  nearly  straight,  apex  obtuse,  t«rmen  slightly 
sinuate,  little  oblique ;  biownisb^KhreouB,  strewn  with  ferruginous- 
brown  strigulae ;  some  blackish  strignlae  on  costa ;  in  $  a  ferruginous- 
brown  spot  on  costa  at  i;  costal  pat«h  elongate-triangular,  ferm- 
ginous-hrown,  in  <J  marked  with  black,  in  $  narrowly  produced 
anterioriy  to  before  middle  of  costa;  a  wedge-shaped  ferruginous- 
brown  streak  along  apical  part  of  t«rmen,  with  some  black  scales  : 
cilia  light  brownisb-ochreous,  on  termen  with  basal  half  ferruginous- 
brown.  Hindwings  light  dull  fnlTous,  faintly  darker-strigulated, 
in  ij  nther  broadly  suffused  with  grey  towards  dorsum;  cilia 
whitish-oohreons. 

French  Gitiasa,  R.  Maroni;  two  Bpecimens. 

Peronaa  apheDotathra,  n.  ep. 
3.  IB  mm.  Head  and  thonx  light  greyisb-ochreous  sprinkled 
with  fuscous.  Palpi  ^,  funcoua,  somewhat  mixed  with  pale  greyish- 
ochreouB-  Abdomen  grey.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  moderately 
and  evenly  arched,  apex  obtuse -pointed,  tennen  slightly  rounded, 
oblique i  pale  greyish-ochreoue  sufFused  with  light  brownish;  a 
wedge-shaped  fuscous  and  grey  blotch  extending  along  basal  fifth 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


14  Mr.  E.  Meyiick's  DeBcriptioTu  o^ 

of  costa,  reaching  at  bow  to  doTsnin;  a  dork  leaden-grey  apical 
patch  irregularly  spotted  with  dark  fuscous,  its  edge  numing  from 
before  middle  of  costa  to  tomne,  nearly  straight ;  a  tratuvene  ridge- 
tnft  on  lower  half  of  wing  beyond  middle,  and  another  abore 
torouB ;  gome  sraall  tufta  at  f  above  middle  and  towards  apes : 
cilia  grey,  beneath  toniiis  pole  greyiBh-ochreoos.  Hindwings  with 
6  from  middle  of  transverse  vein ;  rather  dark  grey,  lighter  towaids 
base;   cilia  grey. 

BiuTiaH  Guiana,  Baitica,  in  Febraary  [Pariah];  one 
specimen.  Two  other  examples  from  the  same  locality 
ate  in  all  probability  the  same  species,  the  chaiacteristic 
tufts  being  in  the  same  position ;  in  these  the  forewings  are 
wholly  fuscous  with  slight  greenish  tinge,  sprinkled  with 
dark  fuscous,  and  more  or  less  largely  sufFused  with  dark 
leaden-grey;  in  one  of  them  there  is  a  cloudy  white  dot 
on  costa  beyond  middle. 

Peronea  euprata,  n.  sp. 

$.  13  mm.  Head  and  thorax  light  greyish,  patagia  tinged  with 
,  coppery.  Palpi  2,  grey  irrorated  with  whitish.  Abdomen  grey. 
Forewings  elongate,  posteriorly  dilated,  costa  anteriorly  slightly, 
posteriorly  moderately  arched,  apex  obtuse,  t«rmen  nearly  straight, 
little  oblique ;  light  brownish ;  a  leaden-grey  basal  patch  somewhat 
8I»inkled  with  blackish,  especially  on  edge  towards  costs,  edge 
miming  from  ^  of  costa  to  g  of  dorsum,  slightly  sinuate ;  a  broad 
t«rminal  patch  of  deep  coppery-brown  suffusion,  mixed  with  pnridisfa- 
grey  suffusion,  towards  apex  with  a  somewhat  oblique  trtuisvene 
light  greyish  streak  and  tome  small  spots  round  apical  maigin, 
spaoe  between  these  mixed  with  blackish ;  small  grey  totta  at  angles 
(rf  cell :  cilia  brownish  irrorated  with  grey  and  grey- whitish.  Hind- 
wings  with  5  from  middle  of  transverse  vein;  dark  grey;  cilia 
grey,  with  darker  Hubbasal  tine. 

British  Guiana,  Bartica,  in  January  {Parish);  one 
specimen. 

Peronea  flexillnesua.  Walk. 

British  Gutana,  Bartica,  in  April  {Parish) ;  ones  peci- 
men.  An  undoubted  example  of  this  widely  distributed 
Indo- Australian  species,  which  hae  not  been  previously 
recorded  from  America ;  it  is  probably  attached  to  some 
tree  or  shrub  of  cultivation. 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


South  Amancan  Miefo-Lepidopttra. 


EUCOSMIDAE. 
Spllonotft  immliHiis,  n.  ap. 

,}9.  11-13  mm.  BmA,  palpi,  and  thonx  grey  irror&t«d  with 
whitiih.  Antoonae  in  <J  with  notuh  at  J.  Abdomen  AmA  giej. 
Forewiuga  elongate,  po«terioiij  alighU;  diUt«d,  coeta  slight!;  arched, 
in  $  with  strong  fold  from  base  fai  middle,  apex  nhtuae,  term w  slightly 
ronnded,  rather  oblique;  Taiying  from  li^t  grej  to  pale  brownish- 
ochreone,  more  or  lees  iiTomt«d  with  whitish,  with  a  few  blackish 
scales;  some  more  or  less  developed  oblique  dark  fuscous  atrignlae 
fromcosta;  int^coBtalhalf  wh<^7  suffused  with  dark gtey  from  base 
to}or):  cilia  rather  daik  grey.  Hindwtngs  dark  grey;  oiliagrey, 
with  daiker  sabbasal  shade. 

British  Guiana,  Mallali,  in  March  {Parish);  nine 
specimens. 

SpHonola  vlridxns,  n.  sp. 
^  $.  12-13  mm.  Head  and  palpi  grey,  pale-speokled.  Antemute 
in  S  with  not«h  at  \.  Thorax  grey,  sometimee  tinged  with  greenish 
or  partially  aaSused  with  dark  fneoons.  Abdomen  dark  grey, 
anal  tuft  in  S  grey-whitish.  Forewinga  elongate,  poateiiorl; 
slightly  dilated,  coeta  gently  arohed,  in  S  v>th  strong  fold  from  base 
U)  beyond  middle,  filled  with  whitish  hairs,  apex  obtuse,  tennen 
slightly  rounded,  somewhat  oblique ;  grey  suffused  with  dull  greenish, 
with  scattered  blackish  scales  and  short  variable  marks ;  costa  with 
short  oblique  blackish  marks ;  costal  |  from  base  to  1  in  (^  mora  or 
less  wholly  suffused  with  dark  fuscous,  this  area  projecting  down- 
wards as  an  obtuse-triangular  blotch  marked  with  black  crossing 
fold  beneath  middle  of  wing,  preceded  by  a  light  grey  tuft  on  fold, 
dorsal  area  beneath  this  mora  or  leas  tinged  or  suffused  with  whitish, 
in  $  tbe  lower  portbn  and  black  marks  of  this  araa  appear  as  an 
irregular  median  interrupted  longitudinal  band ;  a  black  longitudinal 
median  streak  from  cell  to  near  termen,  and  some  shorter  black 
longitudinal  marks  above  and  below  this  posteriorly;  lateral 
margins  of  ocellus  obecnrely  indicated  with  leaden- metallic  :  cilia 
gray  sprinkled  with  whitish  and  obscurely  barred  with  dark  fuscous. 
Hindwinga  with  3  and  4  stelked ;  dark  gray,  basal  area  aubhyaline ; 
cilia  grey,  with  darker  basal  shade. 

British  Guiana,  Baitica,  December  to  Februaty 
(Parish) ;    twenty-seven  specimens. 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


16  Mi.  K.  Meyrick's  DescrifUons  a^ 

Cbocidosema,  Ze!l. 

I  bad  abandoned  this  genus,  which,  being  originally 
founded  on  the  single  species  plebeiana,  seemed  to  be 
unnecessarily  separated  from  Etuosma  by  a  structure  which 
could  be  regarded  aa  specific.  As,  however,  I  now  describe 
iive  other  species  undoubtedly  allied  to  it  and  possessing 
the  same  diBtinguishing  peculiarity  of  structure  (the  erect 
tuft  at  the  base  of  hindwin^^  in  (J),  it  becomes  worth  while 
to  restore  the  generic  validity  of  the  group,  which  is 
evidently  characteristic  of  South  America,  the  wide  dis- 
tribution of  jdebeiana  being  doubtless  due  to  artificial 
introduction.  The  interesting  features  of  the  genus  would 
be  concealed  if  merged  in  the  extensive  and  cosmopolitan 
Evcosma. 

Crooldoseina  rorarli,  n.  sp. 

1^  $.  1&-18  mm.  Head,  palpi,  and  thorax  grey.  Abdomen  in  ij 
pale  gnyiab-oohreoOB,  basal  half  ochreoua-whitJBh  speckled  with 
black,  in  ?  light  grey.  Forewings  elongate,  posteriorly  Bomen^t 
dilated,  coata  gently  aiehed.  in  S  ^^^  edge  shortly  folded  over  at 
baae  and  large  eiect  tuft  of  scales  beneath  it,  apex  obtuse,  tennen 
slightly  sinuate  in  middle,  somewhat  oblique ;  ptJe  greyish -ochreous, 
in  S  sprinkled  with  fuscous  and  on  costal  half  and  towards  termen 
rather  suSuHed  with  fuscous,  in  $  with  dorsal  half  suffused  with  dark 
fuscous  from  near  base  onwards,  posteriorly  extending  to  near 
coeta;  cosla  strignlated  with  dark  fuscous,  and  on  posterior  h^f 
with  pairs  of  indistinct  whitish  strigulae,  two  distinct  white  strigulae 
before  apex  followed  by  a  small  dark  brown  apical  spot;  in  $  a 
quadrate  whitish  blotch  on  doraum  beyond  middle  more  or  less 
apparent ;  ocellus  narrow,  speckled  with  whitish,  margined  laterally 
by  leaden -metallic  streaks  reaching  more  than  half  across  wing  and 
above  by  some  more  or  leea  developed  irregular  blackish  maiiings, 
its  apex  connected  with  that  of  dorsal  postmedian  blotch  by  an 
oblique  grey-whitish  streak  cutting  off  between  them  a  triangular 
dark  fuscous  dorsal  blotch,  in  £  less  cleoriy  indicated  :  cilia  grey 
irrorated  with  whitish  and  blackish,  towards  tomus  whitish.  Hind- 
wings  grey-whitish,  in  i^  towards  dorsum  speckled  with  black,  lower 
margin  of  cell  block,  tuft  rather  short  but  extending  nearly  to  vein  2, 
ochreous-whitisb,  at  base  black,  in  $  suffused  with  grey  towards 
termen;  cilia  whitish,  with  light  grey  subbasal  line. 

Peru,  Matucana,  7780  feet,  in  July  {Parish);  six 
specimens  (1  (^.  o  5). 


ihyCOOl^lC 


Micro-Lepidoptera. 


Croeidosenu  eosmoptlla,  n.  np. 

^.  17  mm.  Head  ajid  thorax  grey  mixed  with  blackkh.  (Palpi 
broken-)  Abdomen  mostly  black  (partly  defaced),  towardsapexpale 
ochieons-  ForewingB  elongate,  poBterioriy  somewhat  dilated,  oosta 
gently  arched,  with  nanow  (old  from  base  to  near  middle  and  rough 
scales  beneath  it  basally,  apex  obtuse,  termen  slightly  sinuate  ia 
middle,  somewhat  oblique ;  gKJ,  mixed  with  whitish  and  suSused 
with  doll  greenish,  on  costal  {  dark  riolet-grey ;  coata  blsckish,  on 
posterior  half  with  five  pairs  of  whitish  strignlaei  basal  patch 
suffused  with  blackish,  undefined,  cut  by  an  irregular  suffused  white 
median  streak  from  base,  running  int«  a  large  trapezoidal  median 
dorsal  whitish  blotch  whose  upper  portion  projects  posteriorly  so  as 
almost  to  reach  ocellus ;  ocellus  margined  laterally  by  silvery-metallic 
streaks  and  limited  above  by  a  curved  irregular  outwardly  oblique 
black  streak,  int«mally  speckled  with  white  and  containing  two 
block  dots :  cilia  grey  sprinkled  with  blackish  (imperfect).  Hind- 
wings  dark  grey,  paler  and  thinly  scaled  in  cell,  veins  dark  fuscous; 
toft  long,  grey,  posteriorly  whitish,  projecting  downwards  over  an 
ochreons-yellow  space  surrounded  with  a  few  scattered  black  scales ; 
cilia  grey. 

Aboentika,  R.  Parana,  in  April ;  one  specimen. 


CrooldOHma  Impendens,  n.  sp. 

3  ?.  16-17  mm.  Head  whity- brownish,  crown  in  J  s 
suffused  with  dork  grey.  Palpi  whitish.  Thorax  ochreous-whitisb, 
somewhat  strigulated  with  dark  fuscous,  or  in  <}  anteriorly  and 
doisally  suffused  with  dark  grey.  Abdomen  whitish-grey.  Fore- 
wings  elongate,  posteriorly  somewhat  dilated,  costa  gently  arched, 
in  (5  without  fold,  apex  obtuse,  termeu  slightly  rounded,  faintly 
sinuate  in  middle,  somewhat  oblique;  pole  brovmish-ochreous;  in 
(J  a  basal  patch  of  dork  fuscous  suffusion  extended  on  costal  half 
almost  to  apex,  on  doraal  half  reaching  to  I  and  followed  by  an 
ochreous- whitish  quadrate  doisal  blotch;  in  $  whole  wing  longi- 
tudinally streaked  with  dark  fuscous  suffusion  on  veins,  most 
strongly  subdorsally,  costal  and  dorsal  edges  strigulated  with 
dark  fuscous;  ocellos  laterally  margined  with  indistinct  silvery- 
metallie  streaks,  containing  three  or  four  undefined  block  data  near 
posterior  edge  ;  cilia  whitish -ochreous  somewhat  mixed  with  dark 
fuscous  above  middle  and  on  base  of  lower  part  of  termen,  on 
coBta  and  a  snbtomal  spot  dark  fuscous.     HLndwings  whitish-grey 

TBANS.  ENT.  SOC.  LOND.  1917. — PAIIT  I.      (NOV.)  C 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


18  Mr.  E.  Mejrick's  Deaeriptiont  of 

Btngnlated  witb  grey;   tuft  in  <}  larg«>  dense,  ocbreoiu-wiiituh, 
basally  BufEuaed  with  fuacons ;  cilia  whitish,  with  grey  basal  line. 

Ecuador,  Alausi,  9450  feet,  in  June  (Pnmh);  three 
speciiQens. 

Croddosenui  c»Ul<l»,  n.  sp. 

,3.  17  mm.  Head  and  palpi  dark  giey,  collar  paler.  Thorax 
greyish -ochreoDB,  anteriorly  and  centrally  suffused  with  daric 
purpUsb-fnscouB.  Abdomen  grey.  Forewings  elongate,  postenoriy 
rather  dilated,  costa  gently  arched,  without  fold,  apex  obtuse,  ter- 
men  slightly  sinuat«  in  middle,  little  obUque ;  fuscous  suffused  with 
purplish -grey ;  basal  patch  suffused  with  dark  purplish-fuscous. 
eEtending  on  costa  to  middle  and  on  dorsum  to  |,  followed  by  a 
quadrat«  whitish  donal  blotch;  posterior  half  of  costa  with  five 
pain  of  obUque  whitish  strigulae,  last  more  distinct  and  followed  by 
a  small  dark  fuscous  apical  spot ;  ocellus  filled  witb  white  inoration, 
margined  laterally  with  silvery- metallic  streaks,  and  limited  above 
by  an  outwardly  oblique  curved  blackish-fuscous  streak  :  cilia  dark 
grey  with  rows  of  whitish  points.  Hindwings  pale  grey,  veins  and 
t«rmen  suffused  with  darker  grey ;  tuft  somewhat  shorter  and  more 
extended  towards  dorsum  than  in  phbeiana,  grey-whitish,  towards 
base  suffused  with  blackish ;  cilia  grey,  with  dark  grey  basal  line. 

Peri'.  Choaica,  2800  feet,  in  July  (Parish) ;  one  specimen. 

Croeidosenu  ptiUdelplu,  n.  sp. 
S-  13-14  mm.  Head  grey,  face  and  palpi  whitish.  Tbom 
dark  grey.  Abdomen  grey,  anal  tuft  whitish.  Forewinp  elcmgate, 
costa  gently  arched,  without  fold  but  witb  a  toft  of  scales  near  base, 
apex  obtuse,  termen  sinuate,  somewhat  obUque;  grey,  sometimes 
tinged  witb  wbitisb-oclireous  in  disc  poeterioriy ;  basal  patch  darilc 
fuscous,  extending  on  coeta  to  i  and  on  donum  to  middle,  edge 
obtusely  angulated  in  middle,  costal  tnft  grey  or  grey-whitish ;  a 
subquadrate  whitish  blotch  on  dorsum  beyond  this,  posteriorly 
soffused ;  four  or  five  indistinct  pairs  of  whitish  strigulae  on  costs 
posterioriy,  with  obscure  oblique  leaden  stiigae  running  from  them, 
a  more  distinct  pair  of  white  strigulae  before  apex;  ocdtns  wlitish, 
margined  laterally  with  silvery- metallic  streaks,  enclosing  three  or 
four  linear  black  dots,  and  preceded  by  some  ochreons  tinge,  with 
a  black  subdorsal  dash  :  cilia  whitish,  speckled  with  blackish  ex- 
cept on  tomns.  Hindwings  grey-whitish,  veins  and  terminal  ana 
suffused  with  grey,  acterioHy  semibyaline;  tuft  large,  eit«xiding  to 
basal  portion  of  dorsum,  ochreone-grey-whitiah,  with  a  spot  of  grey 
raffusiMianterioriy;  cilia  grey-whitish,  with  faint  gteysubbasal  line. 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


South  American  Micro- Lepidoptera.  19 

9-  14-16  mm-  DiSecB  bom  1^  as  follows :  heAd  mostly  ochreoiu ; 
palpi  whitish,  Mcond  joint  euSused  with  gray  towuda  apex ;  thorax 
p*le  ocbnooa,  putially  mixed  with  grey;  forewinga  gt«yiah- 
ochreoua,  paler  or  whitish-tinged  anterioriy,  Mmetimes  strigulated 
with  fnscooB ;  lower  half  of  basal  patch  more  or  leas  mixed  with 
dark  fuBcons,  remainder  obsolete;  doreal  whitish  blotch  obsolete; 
other  roarkings  as  in  ,}  :  cilia  euffuBed  with  pale  ochreouB. 

Ecuador,  Huigra,  4500  feet,  in  June;  Perl-,  Choaica. 
2800  feet,  and  Lima,  500  feet,  in  July  and  Atijrust  {Parish) ; 
fortv-five  specimens.  The  (J  is  easily  distin^shed  from 
pM>eiana  by  the  costal  tuft,  dark  thorax  and  basal  patch ; 
bttt  the  9,  which  differs  much  in  appearance  from  the  o- 
would  sometimes  be  very  similar  to  obscurely  marked 
forms  of  that  species.  I  have  not,  however,  yet  received 
jiebeiatta  from  South  America. 

Eneosma  proMllosB,  n.  sp. 

3  ?.  10-1 1  mm.  Head,  palpi,  and  thorax  grey,  more  or  less  ino- 
lated  or  soffoaed  with  ochreonB'grey-whitisb,  palpi  moderate,  aub- 
ascending,  shortly  rongh-scaled.  Abdomen  pale  greyish -ochreous. 
Forewinga  elongate,  pOBteriorly  slightly  dilated,  coeta  slightly 
arched,  in  3  without  fold,  apes  obtuse,  termen  slightly  sinuate, 
little  oblique;  dark  fuscous  iirorated  with  whitish;  costa  on 
posterior  half  with  five  paira  of  atrigulae  of  whitish  irroration, 
fint  and  third  pairs  emitting  very  oblique  blue-leaden  strigae, 
second  of  these  lunning  to  termen  beneath  apex,  othera  with  short 
blue-leaden  marks;  a  very  undefined  oblique  patch  of  whitiah 
suSuaion  or  strigulation  from  middle  of  doisum  reaching  half  across 
wing,  aometimea  little  indicated;  ocellus  margined  laterally  by 
erect  thick  leaden -metallic  streaks,  and  enclosing  three  black  dots  : 
cilia  fuscous,  with  dark  fuscous  basal  lino  edged  by  whitish  suffusion. 
Hindwings  with  3  and  4  stalked ;  whitish-grey,  veins  and  a  aufTused 
terminal  band  fuscous ;  cilia  whitish-grey,  with  darker  basal  shade. 

Peru,  Choaica,  2800  feet,  and  Lima,  500  feet,  in  July 
and  August  (PamA);   forty-two  specimens, 

Eaeosma  evldens,  n.  sp. 

3%  12-15  mm.  Head  whitish-ochreous,  forehead  aad  collar 
sometimes  spotted  with  fuscoua.  Palpi  porreclcd,  second  joint 
broadly  rongh-acaled,  whitiah-ochreoua,  more  or  leas  wholly  suffused 
with  fuflcouB  except  on  a  median  blotch  on  upper  portion,  terminal 
joint  fuscous.    Thorax  dark  fuscous,  posterior  extremity  whitiah- 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


20  Mr.  E.  MejTick'a  Deaeriptiona  of 

ochieoDB,  patsgia  more  or  leas  suffused  with  whituh-ochreous. 
Ab^men  fuacoua.  Forewinga  elongate,  posteriorly  slightly  dilated, 
ooBta  gently  arched,  in  <J  without  fold,  apex  obtuse,  t«nnen  slightly 
annate,  little  oblique  i  brown,  more  or  lees  etrigulat«d  with  daric 
hucoua;  dorsal  area  mote  or  leas  miSused  with  dark  fusooiu,  with 
some  indistinct  whitish  transveise  strigalation  towards  base,  and  a 
postmedian  subquadrate  blotch  formed  of  four  suboonflnent  whitish 
atrigae  not  reaching  half  across  wing ;  costa  dark  fuscous  obscurely 
strigulated  with  whitish  suffusion,  posteriorly  with  more  distinct 
paired  white  strigulae,  whence  arise  violet-leaden  oblique  strigae, 
two  beyond  middle  running  respectively  to  anterior  margin  of  ocelluB 
and  termen  above  middle;  ocellus  margined  laterally  by  thick 
leaden-metAlho  streaks  reaching  more  than  half  across  wing  and 
closed  above  by  a  curved  black  streak,  internally  bUckiBb  closely 
speckled  with  white  :  cilia  on  upper  part  of  termen  blockish  speckled 
with  whitish,  on  lower  part  ochreous- whitish.  Hindwings  with  3 
and  4  stalked;  rather  dark  grey;  oiliagrey. 

British  Guiajja,  Bartica  and  Mallali,  from  December 
to  March  {Parish);  Dutch  Guiana,  Paramaribo;  Cuba. 
Holguin;   twenty-two  specimenB. 


EucostOA  operla,  n.  sp. 

,J.  11  mm.  Head  and  thorax  grey.  Palpi  whitish,  second  joint 
with  fuscous  median  spot  and  apical  band.  Abdomen  fuscous. 
Forewings  elongate,  posteriorly  rather  dilated,  costa  gently  arched, 
with  moderate  fold  from  base  to  beyond  middle,  apex  obtuse,  termen 
hardly  sinuate,  nearly  vertical;  brownish-grey;  basal  g  obscurely 
strigulated  with  dark  fuscous ;  a  dark  brown  triangular  blotch  extend- 
ing over  posterior  halt  of  costa,  its  apex  reaching  to  lower  angle  of 
cell,  marked  with  an  irregular  blackish  longitudinal  streak  across  it« 
middle,  a  blackish  longitudinal  mark  on  its  margin  above  ocelhia, 
and  on  costa  with  four  pairs  of  indistinct  whitish  strigulae  whence 
rise  faint  oblique  violet-leaden  strigae;  ocellus  margined  laterally 
by  thick  silvery -metallic  streaks,  anterior  triangularly  dilated 
upwards  to  adjoin  costal  blotch,  internally  crossed  by  five  fine 
blackish  dashes  separated  with  whitish :  cilia  rather  dark  fuscous 
finely  sprinkled  with  whitish,  towards  tomiis  greyish.  Hindwings 
with  3  and  4  stalked ;  rather  dark  fuscous,  near  base  thinly  scaled ; 
cilia  grey,  with  darker  subbasal  shade. 

British  Guiana,  Bartica,  in  December  (P«mA);  one 
Bpecim«n. 


ih,Cooi^lc 


South  American  Micro-Lepidoptera. 


Eneosnu  religiosa,  n.  sp. 
S.  12  mm.  Head  white,  aides  of  crown  orinuon-fiucoua.  FtJpi 
Bubascending,  white,  second  jomt  fuscous  except  rough  anterior 
scales.  Thorax  white,  patagia  with  a  crimson-fnacous  bar.  Abdo- 
men grey,  anal  tuft  grey -whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  posteriody 
dilated,  costa  gently  arched,  without  fold,  apex  veiy  obtuse,  termen 
somewhat  prominent,  slightly  rounded;  fuscous  suffused  with  dull 
crimsoD,  mixed  with  blackish  in  disc;  a  broad  ochieous' whitish 
dorsal  band  occupying  neaiiy  half  of  wing,  upper  edge  very  inegular ; 
costal  edge  blackish  with  paits  of  whitish  striguke ,  a  violet-leaden 
striga  from  ^  of  costa  to  terraen  below  apex ;  ocellus  limited  beneath 
and  poaterioriy  by  short  silvery- metallic  streaks  not  united,  contMn- 
ing  three  ahort  black  marks  partially  surrounded  by  whitish  :  cilia 
whitish,  on  upper  part  of  termen  with  reddish -fuscous  subbasal  lino, 
on  tamus  spotted  with  reddish.  Hindwinga  with  3  and  4  connate; 
rather  dark  grey ;  cilia  grey,  with  darker  sobbasal  shade. 

Beitish  Guiana,  Bartica,  in  January  {Parish);  one 
specimen. 

EncDsina  ktrieapUla,  n.  sp. 

$.  12  mm.  Head,  palpi,  collar,  and  shoulders  dark  fuscous, 
thorax  otherwise  ochreons- whitish,  palpi  asoending,  shortly  scaled. 
Abdomen  dark  grey.  Forewings  elongate -oblong,  costa  towards 
tase  rather  strongly  arohed,  then  nearly  straight,  apex  obtuse, 
termen  hardly  sinuate,  nearly  vertical;  pale  pinkish-ochreous, 
somewhat  suffused  with  whitish  anteriorly,  and  strigulated  with 
violet-grey ;  a,  large  rounded-triangular  dark  fuscous  bloteh  on 
dorsum  slightly  before  middle,  reaching  more  than  half  across  wing ; 
an  oblique  ferruginous  spot  on  middle  of  costa,  whence  a  line  of  very 
tine  transverse  black  and  white  striolation  runs  to  near  termen 
beneath  apex,  thence  downwards  to  middle  of  termen,  closely 
followed  on  subcostal  portion  by  a  very  fine  violet  line ;  coata 
beyond  this  with  three  small  deep  ferruginous  marks  separated  by 
white  strigulae,  and  then  a  wedge-shaped  deep  fciruginous  spot 
occupying  apical  portion  and  cut  transversely  in  middle  by  a  dark 
leaden  mark :  cilia  pale  ochreoue.  with  interrupted  violet-groy 
baa^  line,  round  apex  dark  brown  with  blackish  basal  line.  Hind- 
wings  with  3  and  4  connat« ;  dork  gi«y;  cilia  grey,  tinged  with 
whitish  towards  tips. 

British  Guiana,  Baitica,  in  Febraary  (Parish);  one 
specimen. 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


22  Mr.  E.  Meyrick's  Descriptions  ^ 

Euoosma  digni,  n.  sp. 

S-  11-12  mm.  Head,  palpi,  and  thorax  fulvous,  palpi  ascending, 
Bbortly  scaled.  Abdomen  dark  grey.  Forewings  elongate,  pos- 
teriorly somewhat  dilated,  costa  gently  arched,  without  fold,  apex 
obtuse,  termen  nearly  straight,  almost  vertical ;  fulvous,  irregulariy 
ietioulat«d  with  rather  dark  violet-fuacous,  costal  area  on  posterior 
halt  suffused  with  deep  ferruginous ;  costa  strigulated  with  blackish, 
and  on  posterior  j  with  whitish ;  an  iiregolar  blackish  line,  angu- 
lated  in  middle  and  suffused  with  deep  ferruginous,  from  |  of  costa 
to  J  of  dorsum ;  a  slender  oblique  blackish  streak  from  middle  of 
costa  reaching  nearly  half  across  wing,  somewhat  angulated  near 
its  extremity,  with  a  tine  acute  projection  from  angle  posteriory, 
followed  by  two  small  block  marks;  a  short  oblique  blue-leaden 
striga  running  to  tennen  below  apex,  finely  edged  with  ochreous- 
whitish  beneath;  ocellus  Lmited  beneath  by  a  leaden  dash  and 
posterioHy  by  a  leaden -metallio  streak  edged  externally  with 
ochreoua- white,  and  enclosing  three  strong  black  dots;  oilja  fulvous, 
on  t«rmen  with  a  leaden  line,  on  tomus  spotted  with  dark  grey  at 
base.  Hindwings  with  3  and  4  connate  or  short-stalked;  dark 
fuscous ;  cilia  grey,  with  darker  subbastJ  shade. 

British  Guiasa,  Bartica,  in  December  {Pamh);  two 
specimens. 

Eueosraa  ortygia,  n.  sp. 

35.  17-18  mm.  Head,  palpi,  and  thorax  whitish -ochieous 
variably  spotted  or  suffused  with  reddish -fuscous,  palpi  ascending, 
shortly  rough-scaled.  Abdomen  dark  grey.  Forewmgs  elongate, 
posteriorly  dilated,  costa  gently  arched,  without  fold,  apes  obtuse, 
lermen  straight,  nearly  vertical;  whitish -ochrcous  strigulatcd  with 
rcddlsh'fuscous  mixed  with  dark  fuscous,  towards  costa  and  pos- 
teriorly or  sometimes  wholly  suffused  with  ochrcous-bronD ;  costa 
strigulated  with  blackish  and  posteriorly  with  whitish;  short 
violet-leaden  marks  from  posterior  pairs  of  whitish  strigulae,  and 
a  striga  from  |  of  costa  to  termen  beneath  a]icx;  ocellus  limited 
beneath  by  a  dark  fuscous  dash  and  posteriorly  by  a  thick  leoden- 
metollic  streak  edged  externally  with  ochreous -whitish,  containing 
three  strong  black  dots  or  short  dashes :  cilia  whitish-ochreous  with 
reddish-brown  line,  broken  up  on  tornus.  Hindwings  with  3  and  4 
connate;  dark  fuscous;  cilia  grey,  tinged  with  whitish  towards 
tips,  with  darker  subbasal  shade. 

British  Guiana,  Bartica  and  Mallali,  from  December 
to  March  {Parish);  eleven  specimens.  The  allied  species 
transferrana.  Walk.  {=  descriplana,    Walk.  =  vincentana. 


ll,y,l,/eJh,G00t5lc 


South  American  Mtcro-Lepidoptera.  23 

WaU.).  metaapilana.  Walk.,  and  leucomesana,  Walk.,  were 
all  received  from  Bartica  in  good  series. 

Euoosma  prudeiu,  n.  sp. 

t?  $.  16  mm.  Head  in  ^  ochieooB-wbitiBh  somewhat  spotted  with 
duk  fiucfxis,  in  $  ochieons  spotted  or  almoet  wholly  suffosed  with 
dark  fnscona.  Folpi  subsacending,  shortly  rougb'Scaled,  whitish, 
wcond  joint  soffiued  with  reddish 'fuscous  except  towards  apex, 
baw  of  terminal  joint  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  whitish  more  or  lees 
mixed  or  suffused  with  fuscous,  anterior  fourth  dark  fuscous.  Abdo- 
men dork  grey,  anal  tuft  in  ^  grey- whitish.  Forewings  elongate, 
posteriorly  dilated,  coeta  gently  arched,  without  fold,  apex  obtuse, 
termen  somewhat  sinuate,  vertical;  fuscous,  sprinkled  with  dark 
fuscons  and  blackish,  in  ^  irregularly  mixed  and  sufFusedly  striated 
with  whitish,  doisal  half  in  $  suSnsedly  striated  with  violet-leaden- 
grey;  costa  marked  with  paira  of  whitish  atdgala«,  and  small 
blackish  spote  between  these;  edge  of  hssal  patch  indicated  by 
an  irregular  dark  fuscous  streak,  ongulated  in  middle,  across  fold 
with  a  blockish  mark  edged  posteriorly  with  white ;  central  fascia 
Teiy  irregolar,  obUque,  dork  fuscous,  suffused,  only  distinct  on  costa ; 
four  bine-leaden  oblique  marks  from  pairs  of  costal  whitish  strigulae 
posteriorly,  second  running  as  a  striga  to  termen  beneath  apex,  edged 
beneath  with  white  posteriory,  others  short;  termen  nonowly 
fnlvous -brown,  with  a  fine  oblique  white  stT^:ula  before  apex; 
ocellus  Umited  beneath  by  a  whitish  line  and  posteriorly  by  a 
leaden- metallio  streak  edged  eztemally  with  white,  and  enclosing 
two  btaok  dote  :  cilia  whitish,  greyish  towards  tips  on  termen,  with 
a  leaden  sabbasal  line  broken  on  temus.  Hindwings  with  3  and  4 
connate ;  dork  grey ;  cilia  grey- whitish,  with  grey  subbasal  line. 

Peru,  Lima,  in  August  {Parish) ;  three  specimens. 

Polyehrosis  araucea,  n.  sp. 
^  $.  11—13  mm.  Head,  paJpi,  and  thorax  ochreous- whitish  or 
whitish-ochreous.  Abdomen  grey,  anal  tuft  of  ^  grey-whitish. 
Forewings  elongate,  posteriorly  somewhat  dilated,  coste  gently 
arched,  apex  obtuse,  termen  nearly  straight,  rather  oblique;  pale 
ochreons  or  whitish-ochreous ;  costa  with  whitish  strigulae,  more  or 
less  sprinkled  with  blackish  between  them ;  dorsal  edge  with  very 
small  blackish  strigulae;  a  more  or  less  developed  blotch  of  darker 
suffusion  about  fold  indicating  angle  of  basal  patch ;  an  oblique  rather 
narrow  deeper  ochreous  or  brownish  fascia  from  middle  of  costa 
reaching  half  aoroea  wing,  and  some  undefined  sufCusion  towards 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


24  Mr.  E.  Meyrick's  Dexcri'pliont  of 

domim  beyond  middle,  seldom  forming  &  diatinct  tranarene  blotch ;  ' 
Hometimes  a  patch  of  blAckieh  irrorKtion  on  coata  beyond  thia,  or  an 
oblique  streak  of  blackislr  irroration  from  above  middle  of  disc  to 
dorsum  before  tomns,  or  more  undefined  blackish  irroration  towards 
dorsum  generally  and  across  wing  beyond  middle,  all  very  Tariablo 
and  sometimes  wholly  absent ;  a  deeper  ochreoua  or  brownish 
transverse  spot  on  tomus,  and  a  wedge-shaped  upwards-ohUque 
streak  from  middle  of  termen,  both  often  very  faint;  a  slender 
streak  of  ftne  blackish  transverse  striation  along  termen :  cilia 
whitish  or  whitish -ochreous,  with  ochreous  subbasal  shade.  Hind- 
wings  groy-whitiBh,  thinly-scaled,  veins  and  termen  suffused  with 
grey ;  cilia  whitish,  with  faint  grey  aubbasal  line. 

Ecuador,  Duran,  low  swampy  couotr)',  in  June  {Parish) ; 
twenty-three  specimeriB.  Varies  remarkably,  but  easy  of 
recognition. 

Polychrosis  oxymochla,  n.  sp. 

3  $.  12-14  mm.  Head,  palpi,  and  thorax  dark  grey.  Abdom^ 
pale  grey,  anal  tuft  of  ,$  grey-whitish.  Forcwings  elongate,  pos- 
teriorly rather  dilated,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  obtuse,  t«nnen 
almost  straight,  rather  oblique;  dark  fuscous  finely  speckled  with 
whitish,  variable  in  development ;  costa  strigulated  with  blaokish- 
fuscooa,  with  some  small  spots;  basal  patch  dark  grey,  edge  blackisb- 
fuBCOUB,  angulated  in  middle,  oft«n  interrupted  above  angle,  some- 
times followed  by  a  fascia  of  grey-whitish  suffusion;  an  oblique 
rather  narrow  blackish -fuscous  fascia  from  before  middle  of 
coeta,  reaching  more  than  half  across  wing,  extremity  pointed;  a 
quadrate  blackish -fuscous  blotch  on  dorsum  before  middle:  a 
moderate  blackish -fuscous  fascia  from  below  middle  of  termen 
obliquely  upwards  towards  f  of  costa  but  not  reaching  it :  cilia 
rather  dark  fuscous  speckled  with  whitish,  with  blackish-fuscous 
subbasal  line.  Hindwings  grey,  lighter  towards  base,  vems  and 
termen  darker-suffused ;  cilia  pale  grey,  with  dark  groy  subbasal  line. 

Perc,  Lima,  in  August  {Parish);  twenty-eight  speci- 
mens. Varies  considerably  in  distinctness  of  niarkin<^: 
nearly  allied  to  the  preceding,  notwithstanding  difference 
of  colouring. 

Bactn  serla,  n.  sp. 

i.  18-21  mm.    Head,  palpi,  and  thorax  pale  brownish -ochreous. 

palpi  3.    Ant«nnal  ciliations  }.    Abdomen  light  grey,  anal  tuft  pale 

greyish -ocbreons.    Forewings  elongate,  rather  narrow  anteriorly, 

posteriorly  rather  dilated,   costa  slightly  arched,   apex  obtuse- 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


SoMh  Ammoan  Micro-Lepidoplera.  25 

pomted,  tennen  faintly  sinuate,  rather  oblique;  whitish-ochreoos 
tinged  with  browniah,  tending  to  be  nuu^ed  with  fine  fnacoiu  lines 
on  veins,  and  fine  brownish  lines  between  veina;  costs  obUqnely 
Rtriguloted  with  brownish  and  fnaoous ;  dorsal  edge  with  a  series  of 
cloudy  dark  fnscous  dots  or  marks ;  some  dark  fusoona  irroration 
towards  lower  margin  of  cell,  tending  to  form  dark  fuaoous  lines  on 
veins,  with  a  more  or  less  developed  irregular  dark  fuscous  spot  at 
},  sad  one  or  two  cloudy  6eak  fuscous  marks  on  end  of  oelli  a 
more  or  leas  developed  triangular  spot  of  fuscous  suffusion  on 
lennen  bmeatb  apex :  cilia  whitish-odueooa  sufhised  with  grey, 
with  obscure  dark  grey  bars.  Hindwings  whitish-grey  or  light  grey, 
somewhat  darker  posteriorly ;  cilia  grey- whitish,  with  grey  snbbaml 

Peru,  Aqualani;  three  Bpecimens. 

Ai^ropIoM  fueta,  n.  sp. 

0*9'  13-14  mm.  Head,  palpi,  and  thorax  fuscous -whitish  suf- 
fnsedly  spotted  or  marbled  with  red-brown.  Abdomen  dark  giey, 
anal  tuft  of  3  grey-whitish.  Forewings  rather  elongate-triangular, 
costa  moderately  arched,  somewhat  bent  beyond  middle,  apex 
romided,  termen  rounded,  somewhat  oblique;  ochreous-whitish  to 
light  of^treoua-brownish,  irregutarly  strigulated  with  brown-reddish 
and  leaden-gi«y;  basal  patoh  and  central  fascia  coarsely  strigulated 
with  black  but  very  indefinite,  on  coste  suffused  with  dark  tad- 
brown,  edge  of  basal  patch  irregular,  somewhat  curved,  central 
fascia  l»oadeDing  downwards,  rather  oblique ;  beyond  central  fascia 
a  very  irregular  blue-leaden  stria;  posterior  half  of  ooeta  black  with 
vrhite  strigulae,  whence  rise  short  blue-leaden  marks,  and  a  sinuate 
bhie-leaden  stnga  from  jj  of  costa  running  to  termen  beneath  apex. 
snbcoatal  area  round  these  deep  fulvous  or  ferruginous;  beneath 
this  a  cnrved  dark  red-brown  fasoiate  psteh  crossed  by  black  lines 
on  veins  extending  to  near  termen  below  middle,  its  lower  extremity 
followed  by  a  blue-leaden  terminal  mark ;  a  very  fine  black  terminal 
line ;  cilia  pale  red-brownish,  deeper  towards  base,  spotted  with 
lesden-grcy.  Hindwings  with  3  and  4  connate;  blackiah-gi«y ; 
cilia  grey,  with  dark  grey  subbasol  shade. 

Bnmsii  Guiana,  Bartica,  from  January  to  April 
(Parish)',   five  specimens. 

Argyroplooe  oataphracta,  n.  sp. 

ij$.  14^16  mm.    Head,  palpi,  and  thorax  dark  fuscous,  head 

tinged  with  crimson.     Abdomen  dark  grey.     Posterior  tibiae  in  ^ 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


26  Mr.  E.  Meyrick's  Desa-tpUom  of 

clothed  with  long  dense  whitiBh  haira  above.  Foiewin^  auboblong, 
rather  broad,  coeta  anteriorly  strongly,  posteriorly  slightly  arohed, 
apex  rounded,  tennen  rounded,  slightly  oblique;  dark  crimson, 
fuscous;  hasal  patch,  lower  half  of  central  fascia,  and  an  imgnlar 
patch  above  tomus  marbled  with  dark  blue-leaden;  a  whitish- 
ochroous  elongate- triangular  patch  ezt«nding  over  poBt«rioi'  half 
of  costs,  more  ochreonB  towards  costa,  anterior  side  tongeet,  marked 
with  an  iridescent- violet-silvery  streak  dilated  downwards,  costs) 
edge  deep  ferruginous  with  five  pairs  of  oblique  white  strigulae,  a 
blue-leaden  striga  running  from  fourth  pair  obliquely  across  apex, 
apex  suEFused  with  deep  ferruginous  round  this;  a  very  fine  black 
terminal  line,  partly  edged  with  silvery  ant«rioriy  :  oilia  leaden- 
grey,  basal  half  deep  ferruginous  except  towards  tomfta.  Hindwings 
with  3  and  4  comiate ;  dark  grey ;  cilia  grey,  with  dark  grey  haaal 
shade;  dorsal  edge  in  S  thickened  and  rather  contorted,  with  long 

British  Guiana,  Bartica,  from  December  to  February 
(Parish);  seventeen  specimens. 


Argyroploce  eymotoma,  n.  sp. 
iJQ.  13-14  mm.  Head  whity- brownish,  sides  marked  with  dark 
red-brown.  Palpi  whitish,  second  joint  suffused  on  lower  part  with 
grey,  on  upper  part  with  red-brown  marked  with  black.  Thorax 
whitish  mixed  withgrey  and  irregularly  spotted  with  dark  red-brown, 
Bometimes  much  suffused  with  dark  fuscous.  Abdomen  dark  grey, 
anal  tuft  of  S  grey- whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  posteriorly  dilat«d, 
costa  moderately  arched,  apex  rounded-obtuse,  termen  rounded, 
nearly  vertical ;  red-brownish ;  baa^  patch  mixed  and  strigulated  with 
white,  spotted  with  black  on  its  lower  portion,  suffused  with  fuscous 
on  dorsum,  marked  posteriorly  on  costa  with  a  dark  red-brown 
blotch ;  beyond  this  a  somewhat  angolated  fascia  of  white  striation, 
on  costa  forming  a  more  conspicuous  white  blotch,  followed  on 
coHta  by  a  dark  red-brown  blotch,  narrow  on  costa  aad  produced 
posteriorly  into  a  long  acute  prominence  ben^th  costs,  and  on 
domum  by  a  triangular  brown  blotch  edged  with  white;  costa 
posteriorly  dark  red-brown  with  pairs  of  whitish  strigulae,  with 
more  or  less  orange  suffusion  beneath  these,  and  a  sinuate  blue- 
leaden  striga  running  from  edge  of  costel  blotch  to  termen  beneath 
apex,  edged  beneath  with  whitish  posteriorly;  ocellus  narrow, 
whitish -speckled,  containing  three  black  marks  and  enclosed 
laterally  by  broad'  erect  spots  of  pale  purplish  iridescence :  oilia 
red-brownish,  on  termen  darker  towards  base.     Hindwings  with 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


SotUh  American  Micro-Lepid&plem.  27 

3  and  4  connate,  5  very  closely  approumatod ;  dark  grey;  oilia 
grey,  with  darker  aubfaosal  shade. 

British   Guiana,   Bartica,  in   January  and   February 
{Parish) ;  five  specimens.    Allied  to  alinmacula,  Wals. 


Argyroplooe  nonwei,  n.  sp. 
1$  $.  ft-lO  mm.  Head,  palpi,  thorax,  and  abdomen  dark  leaden' 
grey.  Foreiringe  eloDgate-triangular,  coata  gently  arched,  spei 
obtnie,  tennen  rounded,  little  oblique ;  dark  leaden-grey;  markinga 
blackish-fuscous;  small  spots  along  coata,  separated  by  gioupa  of 
two  or  three  very  fine  indistinct  whitish  strtgulae;  some  scattered 
marks  and  Btrigulae  on  baaal  area;  an  irregular  streak  from  }  of 
cOHta  to  j  of  domum,  sharply  angulated  in  disc;  central  fascia 
narrow,  oblique,  nearly  straight  or  slightly  curved,  in  one  specimen 
thicker  on  lower  half  1  ocellas  containing  three  black  dots,  and  closed 
above  by  a  rounded -triangular  blotch  :  cilia  grey,  with  dark  fuscous 
aubbaaal  line.  Hindwings  with  3  and  4  connate;  dark  fuscous; 
cilia  whitifih-grey,  with  dark  fusooua  subbasal  line. 

British  Guiasa,  Bartica,  from  December  to  February 
(Parish);  six  Bpecimene. 


Argyroploee  cyelidios,  n.  sp. 

^.  12  mm.  Head,  palpi,  and  thorax  grey,  patAgia  terminating 
in  expansible  tufts  of  broad  scales.  Abdomen  dark  grey.  Fote- 
wingB  elongate,  posteriorly  dilated,  costa  gently  arched,  apex 
obtuse,  termen  rounded,  nearly  vertical;  grey,  mostly  aulTused 
with  glossy  blue-leaden  between  the  markings;  markings  blackish- 
fuscous,  finely  edged  with  white  laterally  and  above ;  some  small 
marks  and  spots  along  costa;  an  irregular  subcostal  streak  from 
base  to  1 :  a  large  rounded  blotch  extending  on  dorsum  from  near 
bsae  to  middle,  and  reaching  more  than  half  across  wing;  a  smaller 
rounded  praetomal  blotch,  not  teaching  half  across  wing;  an 
irregular  rather  thick  bisinuate  streak  from  above  middle  of  disc 
to  near  termen  above  middle :  cilia  grey,  on  termen  with  blaekish 
basal  line.  Hindwings  with  3  and  4  connate;  dark  fuscous;  cilia 
whitish-gKy,  with  dark  fuscous  subbaa&l  line;  dorsum  with  a  short 
much  thickened  lobe  clothed  with  soalee. 

British  Gxhasa,  Bartica,  in  December  {Parish) ;  one 
specimen. 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


28  Mr,  E.  Meyrick's  Deacripliom  of 

Argyroploce  platyzona,  n.  sp. 

t^.  16  mm.  Head,  palpi,  and  thorax  blackish -fuscoua.  Abdomen 
dork  grey.  Fotewingi  suboblong,  moderately  bioad,  costa  moder- 
ately arched,  apex  obtuse,  tennen  rounded,  little  oblique;  rosy- 
ochreoDB,  slightly  sprinkled  with  daik  fuscous  on  veins  posteriorly; 
coeta  with  small  blackish  marks  edged  with  whitish;  basal  patch 
blaokish-fuscoue,  edge  nearly  straight,  space  between  this  and  cen- 
tral fascia  suffused  with  ochreous-whitish,  of  even  width;  central 
fascia  blaokish-fuscous,  moderate  on  casta,  becoming  very  broad 
downwaids,  anterior  edge  straight,  posterior  evenly  curved,  finely 
edged  with  whitish;  a  fine  black  whitish-edged  streak  along  upper 
part  of  termen,  with  a  strong  oblong  projection  inwards  beneath 
apex;  a  few  leaden-grey  strigulae  in  region  of  ocellus  :  cilia  dark 
grey  with  blackish  basal  line,  with  Ught  rosy-ochreous  tomal  patch. 
Hiudwings  with  3  and  4  connate ;  dark  grey ;  cilia  grey,  with  darker 
basal  line. 

Feench  GriANA,  R.  Maroni;  one  specimen. 

Argyroploce  Impolita,  n.  np. 

S-  24  mm.  Head,  palpi,  and  thorax  rather  dark  brownish,  tinged 
with  reddish,  especially  on  patagia.  Abdomen  grey.  Porewinp 
lather  elongate -triangular,  moderate,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex 
obtuse,  tennen  haidly  sinuate,  little  oblique ;  rather  dark  brownish 
marbled  with  bluish-leaden  on  basal  half ;  basal  patch  edged  with 
a  suffused  dark  fuscous  streak,  obtusely  angulated  on  fold;  two 
pairs  of  whitish  Btrigolae  on  costs  between  this  and  central  fascia, 
and  a  blotch  of  whitish  suffusion  beneath  these;  central  fascia 
broad  throughout,  dark  fuscous,  oblique,  foUowed  on  upper  portion 
by  orange-ochtcoua  sufFusion  more  extended  posteriorly  beneath 
coata,  and  on  tomal  area  by  a  patch  of  whitish  suffusion;  costa 
posteriorly  dark  fuscous,  with  pairs  of  indistinct  whitish  strigulae; 
apical  area  ochreous-browDish :  cilia  fuscous,  on  tornus  mixed 
with  whitish.  Hind  wings  with  3  and  4  connate;  grey;  cilia  grey, 
towards  tips  whitish -tinged. 

Colombia,  San  Antonio,  5800  feet,  in  November;  one 
specimen. 

GELECHIADAE. 

Anomoxena,  n.  g. 

Head  smooth;  ocelli  absent;    toitgue  developed.    Ant«nnae  g, 

in  i^  simple,  basal  joint  moderate,  without  peoten.    Labial  palpi 

iM:,i,A  J  h,  Google 


Soath  American  Micro-Lepidopiera.  29 

Icxig,  Tecmred,  second  joint  thiokened  with  whorls  of  scaleA  TOUghty 
projecting  beneath  or  with  whorla  forming  separate  aonte  projecting 
teeth  of  BCaJea,  terminal  joint  as  long  as  second  or  somewhat  shorter, 
slightly  thickened  with  scales,  acute.  Maxillary  palpi  minnte, 
filiform,  appressed  to  tongue.  Posterior  tibia«  clothed  with  rough 
projecting  hairs  above  aitd  beneath.  Forewings  with  16  furcate, 
2  from  angle,  2-5  parallel,  transverse  vein  very  oblique  outwards 
from  2  to  fi,  faint  between  5  and  6,  6  and  7  stalked,  7  t«  oosta,  8 
separate,  appnndnutted  to  6  at  hose,  11  from  near  middle.  Hind- 
wingB  g,  narrow-Uapemidol,  apex  acute,  more  or  less  strougly  pro- 
dnoed,  termen  emarginate  beneath  apex,  cilia  4;  2  remote,  3  and  4 
nearly  parallel,  4  from  angle,  4  and  6  somewhat  approximated,  6 
and  7  approximated  at  base. 

Type  sjnnufera.  A  remarkable  genus,  diiTeriiig  from  the 
whole  of  the  family  in  having  vein  8  of  the  forewings 
separate  instead  of  stalked  with  7;  the  atructiire  is  un- 
questionable, since  all  the  veins  are  present,  and  is  alike  in 
both  species.  Nor  can  there  be  any  question  that  the  genus 
belongs  to  this  family,  and  to  the  most  advanced  type  of 
it,  since  the  highly  characteristic  hindwin;^  (similar  to 
those  of  Arislotelia)  are  foimd  in  no  other.  The  genus  must 
be  supposed  to  have  arisen  from  Aristotdia  or  a  form  of 
similar  structure,  and  the  peculiarity  of  aeuration  can  be 
explained  by  the  reduction  and  eventual  absorption  of 
the  stalk  of  7  and  8  and  apparently  in  this  way  only. 
I  regard  it  therefore  as  a  proved  instance  of  a  atruc- 
tuial  change  which  is  certainly  rare,  and  would  usually  be 
difficult  of  demonstration. 

AnomoMDE  splnlgers,  n.  sp. 
S  $.  10  mm.  Head  ochreous-wbitish,  crown  with  a  few  dark 
fnscons  specks.  Palpi  whit«,  second  joint  with  eight  rather  long  fine 
whorl-teeth  edged  with  block  above,  terminal  joint  with  block  rings 
near  boM  and  above  middle.  Antennae  white  ringed  with  black, 
towards  apex  with  seveiaJ  norrow  grey  black-dotted  bands  separated 
by  single  whit«  rings.  Thorax  ochreous-wbitish,  dorsally  finely 
striated  transversely  with  blackish.  Abdomen  blackish-grey. 
Forewings  narrowly  elongat«  ■  lanceolate ;  pole  ochreous  irr^ularly 
irrorated  with  blackish;  an  inwardly  obUque  slender  fascia  of 
blackish  suffusion  from  costa  at  jj,  not  ot  scarcely  reoching  dorsum ; 
costal  area  from  this  to  apex  fulvous,  without  dark  irroration.  with 
four  oblique  fine  wedge-shaped  pole  ochreous  streaks  posteriorly 
edged  with  black :  cilia  grey,  round  opex  whitish  with  three  curved 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


30  Mr.  E.  Meyrick's  Descriptions  oj 

daj-k  grey  lines  and  a  straight  nther  oblique  black  bar  at  base. 
HindwingB  dork  grey ;  cilia  gray. 

Colombia,  La  Crumbre,  6600  feet,  in  May  {Parish) ; 
three  specimens. 

Anomoxena  tetraxoa,  n.  sp. 

(}  ¥.  8  mm.  Head  and  thorax  nhitish-ochreous  with  a  few  dark 
faacoiu  specks.  Palpi  white,  second  joint  with  four  oonfnaed  whorifl 
towards  apes  roughly  ptrojecting  beneath,  irrorsted  with  dark  fuscous 
on  these,  terminal  joint  with  basal  and  median  rings  of  dark  fuscous 
iiToration.  Antennae  white  ringed  with  dark  grey,  towards  apes 
with  bands  of  two  dark  rings  separated  by  single  whit«  rings.  Ab- 
domen grey.  Forewings  narrow-lanceolate ;  light  ochreous  irrorated 
with  dark  fuBcous;  a  slender  inegular  inwardly  oblique  fascia  of 
blackish  sufFusion  from  f  of  costa,  and  undefined  blotches  at  tomus 
and  apex;  costal  area  posteriorly  narrowly  orange,  with  four  short 
slender  oblique  pale  greyish-ochieous  streaks  edged  posterioriy 
with  blackish ;  cilia  light  giey,  ronnd  apex  speckled  with  black, 
with  a  rather  oblique  straight  black  basal  line  acrosa  apex.  Hind- 
wings  and  oilia  light  grey. 

Ecuador,  Huigra,  4500  feet,  in  June  {Parish);  four 
specimens. 

Arlstotollk  aulonota,  n.  sp. 

^  $.  7-9  mm.  Head  and  thorax  ochreous -white,  pata^  dork 
fuscous.  Palpi  white,  baaol  f  of  second  joint  dark  fuscous.  Abdo- 
men grey,  apex  whitish.  Forewings  elongate -lanoeolat« ;  7  and  8 
out  of  fl;  dark  fuscous,  slightly  pale-freckled  except  on  edge  of 
dorsal  streak ;  a  rather  broad  whitish -ochreous  streak  along  dorsum 
from  base  to  beyond  tornus,  posteriorly  pointed,  upper  edge  with 
two  OF  three  slight  irregular  prominences ;  a  small  whitish -ochreous 
Spot  on  costa  at  f  ;  cilia  fuscous,  blockish -sprinkled,  towards  tomua 
ochreous -whitish.  Hindwings  light  grey,  in  j  with  expansible  pencil 
of  long  ochreous- whitish  hairs  from  costa  near  base;  cilia  grey- 
whitish. 

Ecuador,  Duran,  low  countn.',  in  June  {Parish) ;  three 
specimens. 

Ailstottlia  plumabt,  ».  sp. 

39'  10-11  mm.    Head  and  thorax  glossy  grey  or  dark  grey. 

Palpi  dark  fuscous,  very  finely  lined  with  white  irroration,  terminal 

joint  longer  than  second.     Abdomen  grey.    Forewings  elongate. 


Ij.y.l.AjhyCOO'^lL' 


South  American  Micro-Lepidoptera.  31 

naiTow,  costs  moderately  uched,  apex  pointed,  terraen  extremely 
obliqnelj  rounded;  6  separate;  grey,  sprinkled  with  blaokiah  and 
tinged  hen  and  there  with  whitish ;  pUcal  and  second  diacal  stigmata 
moderate,  achreous,  edged  with  black  marks  above  and  beneath, 
first  diBcal  small,  block,  obliqnely  beyond  plical;  tJiiok  cloudy 
femiginonB-blBckish  obliqne  tasciate  ban  from  coeta  at  J, },  middle, 
and  },  reaching  aboat  hall  across  wing,  second  terminated  by  plical 
■tjgma,  third  shorter  but  with  a  more  oblique  projection  reaching 
to  apex  of  fourth,  both  these  terminated  by  second  discal  stigma, 
fourth  being  little  oblique;  a  cloudy  darker  spot  on  tomus;  an 
irregnlor  blackish  praeapical  blotch :  cilia  light  greyish,  with  two 
blackish  lines.  Hindwings  grey;  cilia  light  grey;  in  ^  with  two 
or  three  expansible  enormonsly  enlarged  shuttle'Shaped  pearly 
Bcalea  (i  length  of  wing)  from  towards  base  l3dng  along  oosta  above, 
and  a  very  large  elongate  chitinous  process  projecting  obliquely 
from  costa  near  base,  beneath  black  and  concave  to  receive  a  fine 
pencil  of  long  hairs,  partially  covered  beneath  by  a  fringe  of  much 
enlarged  flat  pearly  prismatic  scales,  the  remainder  covered  by  a 
fringe  of  very  long  ecalee  projecting  downwards  from  beneath  costa 
of  iorewings  on  basal  |. 

British  Guiana,  Bartica,  in  December  and  January 
{Parish);  eight  specimens.  The  curious  and  exception- 
ally complex  apparatus  for  protecting  the  scent- producing 
haiipencil  of  the  hindwings  suggests  that  the  perfume  is 
in  this  species  unusually  volatile  and  precious. 

Arlstotolla  eryeina,  n.  sp. 

S  $.  ^10  mm.  Head  whitish -ochreous,  sometimes  sprinlded 
with  fuscous.  Palpi  ochreous-nhitish,  second  and  terminal  joints 
each  with  two  dark  fuscous  bands.  Thorax  pole  greyish -ochreous 
sprinkled  with  dark  fuscous.  Abdomen  whitish -ochreous  more 
or  less  suffused  with  grey.  Forewings  elongate,  narrow,  oosta 
slightly  aiohed,  apex  obtuse -pointed,  termen  extremely  obliquely 
rounded;  6  separate;  pale  greyish,  snffusedly  irrorated  with  dark 
fuscous,  irrognlaily  tinged  and  spotted  with  light  rose-pink;  a  very 
obliqne  suffused  blackish  streak  across  fold  about  I,  and  an  oblique 
blackish  streak  from  costa  to  pLical  stigma,  space  between  these 
and  towards  doisnm  anteriorly  sometimes  suffused  with  pale  ochre, 
ous;  stigmata  black,  rather  elongate,  plical  obliquely  before  first 
discal;  two  or  three  small  pole  marks  on  costa  towards  ajiex;  a 
more  or  le«s  developed  longitudinal  blackish  streak  from  second 
discal  stigma  :  cilia  pale  greyish,  with  blackish  subbaaal  line  round 
apex  interrupted  with  pale  losy-tinged  spots  on  tomus,  and  dark 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


32  iSr.  E.  Meyrick's  Descriptions  of 

grey  postmedian  shade.  Hindwings  grey,  in  i^  with  a  HtreaJi  of  vwy 
fiiw  bUckish-grey  itriation  along  eubmedian  groove ;  cilia  light  grey. 
Forewings  in  ^  beneath  with  costal  edge  slightly  refleied  and  rough- 
ened from  near  base  to  f,  with  a  more  or  lesa  developed  patch  of 
pale  ochreous  towards  this  anteriorly,  rest  of  wing  euCFiued  with 
rather  dark  fuscous.  Hindwings  in  3  beneath  greyiah^ochreooa, 
■uSused  with  rather  dark  fuscous  towards  costa  posteriorly,  and 
with  a  atieak  of  very  fine  blackish  striation  eJong  submedian  groove 

Ecuador,  Huigra,  4500  feet,  in  June;  Peru,  ChoHica, 
2800  feet,  in  July  (Parish) ;  twenty-five  specimeiia. 

AristolelU  cyttaeiMa,  n.  sp. 

(J  $.  8-10  mm.  Head  pale  greyish .ochieouB.  Palpi  ochreoua- 
whitish,  second  and  terminal  joints  each  with  two  dartc  fuscous 
bands.  Thorax  pale  greyish  KKhreous  sprinkled  with  dark  fuscous. 
Abdomen  grey,  anal  tuft  of  3  whitish Kwhreous.  Forevringa  elongate, 
narrow,  costa  gently  arched,  apes  obtuse -pointed,  t«niien  extremely 
obliquely  rounded;  6  separate;  pale  greyiah-ochreous  suffosedly 
irrorated  with  dark  fuaooUB,  more  or  less  tinged  with  rosy-crimson, 
especially  posteriorly;  stigmata  strong,  blackish,  somewhat  elon- 
gate, more  or  lees  accompanied  with  spots  of  yellow  .ochreous  sufiusioo 
beneath  and  second  discal  also  above,  pUcol  obliquely  before  Siat 
discal,  an  oblique  suffused  dork  fuscous  streak  from  costa  to  pliool ; 
two  small  pale  spots  on  costa  at  | :  cilia  pale  ochreous,  with  blackish 
Bubbaaol  line  interrupted  on  tomus  with  pale  sometimes  rosy-tinged 
spots  and  grey  postmedian  shade,  towards  tomus  greyish-tinged. 
Hindwings  grey;  in  ^  with  expansible  fringe  of  long  grey-whitish 
hairs  from  costa  near  base;  cilia  light  grey.  Forewings  in  3  with 
costal  edge  on  anterior  half  ochreous- whitish  and  folded  over 
beneath. 

Colombia,  t'ali,  500  feet,  in  May  (Parish) ;  thirty 
flpecimens. 

Arlstotella  eynthia,  n.  ap. 
3  $.  10-12  mm.  Head  whitish-ochieous.  Palpi  whitish,  second 
and  terminal  joints  each  with  base  and  two  t>anda  iirorat«d  with  dark 
fuscous.  Thorax  pale  ochteous  irrorstod  with  dark  fuscous.  Abdo- 
men grey,  anal  tuft  of  a  P^lc  ochreous.  Forewings  elongate,  narrow, 
costa  gently  arched,  apex  pointed,  termen  extremely  obliquely 
rounded;  fl  separate-;  white  irrorated  with  dark  fuscous,  doiaal 
half  suffused  with  grey  and  partially  mixed  with  ochreous;  broad 


Ij.y.l.AjhyCOO'^lL' 


Souih  American  Mioro-Lepidojilera.  33 

blackuh-fnscons  obliqoe  ban  from  costa  at  i  and  ^  to  fold,  aooond 
m&rgined  beoeatb  by  &  brownish -ochreona  mafk;  a  BubtruDguIar 
flark  tuocoue  blotch  on  costa  beyond  middle,  tenniuated  beneath  by 
a  brownish-ochreoOB  mark;  a  BufiuBed  dark  fuscous  apioal  blotch, 
sometimes  connected  with  preceding  in  disc  but  separated  from  it  on 
coHta  by  a  whitish  spot :  cilia  whitish,  sometimes  with  faint  loej  or 
ochreous  tinge  at  base,  with  two  wide  sometimes  oonfloent  grey 
shades,  on  coeta  wholly  dark  grey.  Hindwings  dark  slaty-grey, 
pale  in  cell;  cilia  in  <;  whitish-ochreoos,  in  $  light  greyish;  in  ^  on 
basal  hall  of  costa  with  eztremdy  long  expansible  cilia.  Forewittge 
and  hindwings  beneath'in  both  sezes  blackish-tinged,  (orewings  in 
^  clothed  with  ochreona  bain  in  disc. 

Pebd,  Lima,  in  August  (Parish) ;  sixteen  specimens. 

AristotelU  satnrnlna,  n.  sp. 

<J$.  11-12  mm.  Head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  grey.  Palpi 
whitish  or  sometimee  niffuaed  with  grey,  second  with  two  dark 
fnscons  bands,  terminal  joint  considerably  longer  than  second,  suSus- 
edlj  lined  with  dark  fuscous.  Foiewings  narrowly  elongate-lanceo- 
late; 6  separate;  rather  dark  fuscous,  sometimes  whitish-speckled, 
dorsal  area  more  or  less  sufiused  or  marked  with  ochreous;  obscure 
darker  oblique  bars  from  costa  at }  and  i  to  fold,  matked  with  black 
on  fold,  more  or  less  edged  with  whitish  towards  one  another ;  discal 
stigmata  blackish  with  a  suffused  hrowniah-ochreous  streak  beneath 
them ;  a  suffused  pale  brownish-ochreous  spot  on  costa  at  {  :  cilia 
grey  or  grey-whitish,  with  two  darker  grey  lines,  towards  base 
sprinkled  with  blackish  or  dark  fuscous  in  indistinct  bars.  Hind- 
wings grey;  cilia  light  grey;  in  (^  with  basal  portion  of  costa  cloth^ 
with  much  longer  expansible  pale  greyish  cilia. 

Pkbu,  lima,  in  August  {Parish) ;  ten  specimens. 

AristotelU  perfossa,  n.  sp. 

3  9-  10-12  mm.  Head  and  thorax  ochreous- whitish  irrorated 
with  foscons.  Palpi  whitish,  second  and  terminal  joints  each  with 
base,  two  bands,  and  tip  dark  foscous.  Abdomen  grey,  anal  tuft 
of  3  whitish -ocbreons.  Forewings  elongate-lanceolate;  6  separate; 
whitish  irrorated  with  dark  grey;  oblique  bara  of  blackish  suffusion 
from  costa  at  ^  and  ^,  just  crossing  fold,  plical  stigma  forming  an 
elongate  black  mark  on  end  of  second;  discal  stigmata  black,  first 
obliquely  beyond  pUcal,  second  indistiQctly  edged  with  ochreous 
beneath ;  a  suffused  white  spot  on  costa  at  j ;  sometimes  some  indis- 
tinct ochreous  marking  near  tomus ;  cilia  whitish,  round  apex  with 

TKANS.  ENT.  SOO.  LOND.  19X7. — PART  I.      (NOV.)  D 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


34  T£i.  £.  Meynck's  Deacriptioni  of 

two  dark  fnacous  Udm.  HiiidwiDgigrey;  cilia  pole  greyiob.  Hind- 
wingi  in  S  bwMth  with  ezponatble  bruah  of  long  light  oohieouB  Iwiim 
beneath  basal  portion  of  coato,  and  ainular  hain  clothing  doisum  aod 
tennen  from  base  to  beyond  middle  of  wing.' 

Ecuador,  Huigra,  4S00  feet,  in  June ;  Peru,  Chosica, 
2800  feet,  and  Lima,  in  July  and  August  (Parish) ;  thirty- 
five  apecimene. 

ArlstotoUa  piphfa,  n.  sp. 
S  $.  10-12  mm.  Head  roej-whitiBb,  more  or  teas  or  eometiiBea 
wholly  Bufimed  with  grey.  Palpi  white,  with  two  banda  of  seoond 
joint,  and  two  bands  and  anterior  edge  of  terminal  joint  blackish. 
Thorax  grey,  sometimes  rosy-tinged,  shoulders  darker.  Abdomen 
grey,  apex  yellowish  or  rosy.  Forewinga  narrowly  elongate-lanceo- 
late ;  6  separate ;  rather  dark  grey,  dorsal  area  more  oi  leas  mixed 
tnffosedly  with  light  crimson-pink  and  sometimes  with  light  oohie- 
ous;  blackish  oblique  bars  from  costa  at  |  and  i,  just  crosmng  fold, 
first  posteiiorly  and  second  on  both  sides  more  or  leas  distinotly 
edged  with  whitish  tinged  with  criinBon-pink ;  a  rosy-white  mark  on 
middle  of  oosta;  discal  stigmata  black,  first  sometimca  oonneoted 
with  apex  of  preceding  bar,  second  larger,  edged  beneath  by  a  light 
yeUow-ochieous  spot;  a  pale  rose-pink  spot  on  costa  at  j,  white 
on  costal  edge  :  cilia  whitish-grey,  with  three  dark  grey  lines,  tips 
whitish.  Hindwings  grey;  cilia  light  greyish. 
Peru,  Chosica,  2800  feet,  in  July  {Parish);  sixteen 


ArlstotoUa  aphUIra,  n.  sp. 
3  $-  10-12  mm.  Head  fuscous  more  or  less  mixed  with  whitish. 
Palpi  Tety  long  and  slender,  whitish,  second  and  terminal  joints 
each  with  base  and  two  bands  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  fuscoua  nuxed 
with  dark  fuscou«,  somewhat  sprinkled  with  whitish.  Abdomen 
grey,  anal  tuft  whitiah.  Forewin^  narrowly  elongate-lanceolate; 
6  separate ;  grey  sprinkled  with  dark  fuscous  and  whitish,  dorsal  area 
suffused  with  brownisb.ochreous ;  oblique  dark  fuscous  bars  from 
costa  at  i  and  i  to  fold,  space  between  these  sometimes  more  mixed 
with  white;  a  dark  fuscons  trapezoidal  blotch  narrowed  downwards 
on  costa  about  {,  edged  beneath  by  a  brownisb-ochreous  spot,  beycmd 
this  a  white  spot  on  costA,  produced  along  margin  of  blotch,  followed 
by  a  dark  fuscous  apical  blotch  :  cilia  whitish  with  two  grey  shades, 
on  base  spotted  with  dark  fuscous  irroration.  Hindwings  grey ;  cilia 
pale  greyish. 

Peru,   Matucana,    7780   feet,  in   July   (PomA);    th»e 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lL' 


South  Anurican  Micro-Lepidoplera.  35 

Bpeumens.  Two  other  examples  (,J$)  from  La  Crumbre, 
6000  feet,  Colombia,  I  cousider  also  identical ;  the  (J  has 
the  vhite  markings  towards  apex  tinged  with  rosy. 
Another  ^  specimen  from  Alauei,  9450  feet,  Ecuador,  may 
probably  be  the  same  species,  but  ia  in  poor  condition. 

Arittotella  ndleata,  n.  sp. 

S  $.  9-10  mm.  Head  pale  ochreona,  more  or  leis  Bprinkled  with 
fnacons.  Palpi  whitish,  Becond  joint  with  three,  terminal  joint 
iritb  four  dark  fnscouB  rings,  terminal  joint  longer  than  second. 
Thorax  pale  ochreons  iirorated  with  dark  grey,  ahoulders  with  a  dark 
foHMHU  spot.  Abdomen  grey,  apex  pale  gteyish^Kihreous.  Fore- 
wings  elongat«-lanc«olat«;  6  closely  ap{«ozimat«d  to  7;  grey  irro' 
rated  wilii  darii  tnscoiu  and  aometimea  with  whitish;  a  HuSnsed 
ydlow-ochreoQS  gradually  attenuated  streak  along  dorsum  to  near 
^Mx;  oblique  dark  fuscous  ban  from  costa  at  \  and  },  terminated 
by  himlfiah  marks  on  fold ;  a  small  cloudy  whitish  mark  on  middl« 
of  costa ;  discal  stigmata  blackish,  second  elongate,  edged  beneath 
by  an  elongate  yelloW'Ochreoua  spot ;  a  whitish  spot  on  costa  at  }, 
formed  of  two  subconflnent  inwardly  oblique  strigulae,  continued  by 
an  oblique  white  line  to  posterior  extremity  of  preceding  ochreons 
spot ;  some  white  ma^pnal  dots  or  scales  round  apex :  cilia  whitish. 
grey,  round  apex  white  with  two  Aaxk  grey  lines,  baae  sprinkled 
with  blackish.     Hindwings  grey;  cilia  pale  greyish. 

COLOMBU,  Caldas,  4400  feet,  in  May  {Parish);  eight 
specimens. 

Aristotella  oribatis,  n.  sp. 

$.  li  mm.  Head  whitish.  Palpi  white,  second  joint  with  base 
and  two  bands  brownish-ochteous,  terminal  joint  with  base  and 
three  bands  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  ochrcous-whitish,  shoulders  dark 
fuscous.  Abdomen  grey.  Forewings  elongate -lanceolate ;  6  sepa- 
rate; blackish -fuscous;  a  suffused  brownish-ochreoua  streak  along 
dorsum  from  base  to  apex,  occupying  about  J  of  wing,  partially 
eonflnent  with  a  brownish-ochreous  longitudinal  streak  above  it  from 
before  middle  to  },  which  is  partially  edged  with  white  above ;  an 
oblique  white  bar  from  costa  at  J  almost  reaching  dorsal  streak,  and 
a  similar  inwardly  oblique  white  bar  from  costa  at  J  ;  a  white  apical 
dot:  cilia  pale  greyish,  round  apex  with  four  dark  grey  lines,  at 
base  sprinkled  with  blackish,  above  temus  with  on  indistinct  whitish 
bar.    Hindwings  light  violet-grey ;  cilia  pale  grey. 

Fbbu,  Oroya,  12,200  feet,  in  July  {Parish) ;  one  specimen. 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


36  Mr.  E.  Meyrick's  Descriptions  of 

Aristotellft  vioaiu,  n.  sp. 

3  $•  10-11  mm.  Head  grey-whitish.  Palpi  whitish,  Becond 
and  terminal  joinla  each  with  base  and  two  bands  dark  fuscous. 
Thorax  grey  more  or  less  sprinlded  with  whitish,  shouldera  dark 
fuacona.  Abdomen  gnty,  apex  whitish.  Forewings  elongate* 
laaceolal«;  6  closely  approximated  basally  to  7 ;  light  grey  irrorated 
with  dark  fusoons ;  oblique  dark  fueoons  bara  from  ooata  at  }  tuid  } 
t«rminated  by  black  marks  on  fold,  apace  between  these  sufiused 
with  white;  a  fascia  of  irregular  white  suffusion  crotaiiig  wing  in 
middle ;  discal  stigmata  black,  second  forming  an  elongate  mark, 
edged  beneath  by  an  elongate  yellow-oohreous  spot;  an  inwardly 
obliqne  triangular  white  spot  on  costa  at  },  and  a  mark  on  tomna 
sometimes  connected  with  it;  some  undefined  ochreous  marking 
before  temna  and  along  termea ;  two  or  three  white  marginal  dote 
loond  apex :  cilia  pole  grey,  round  apex  white  with  a  blackish 
aatemedian  line,  on  termen  with  ba«al  groups  of  blackish  irroration. 
on  coate  dark  fuscous,  white  on  costal  spot.  Hindwings  grey; 
oUia  pale  grey. 

Peru,  Lima,  in  August  {Parish) ;   seventeen  specimena. 

ArlitotelU  ephorit,  n.  sp. 

(J.  9  mm.  Head  white,  slightly  sprinkled  with  grey.  Palpi 
whitish,  second  and  terminal  joints  each  with  basal  and  supramediui 
dark  fascans  bands,  terminal  joint  shorter  than  second.  Thoiuc 
whitish  iiTorated  with  giey.  Abdomen  light  giey,  anal  tuft  whitish. 
Forewings  elongate -lanceolate ;  6  separate;  grey  sprinkled  with 
whitish  and  dark  fuscous ;  a  veiy  oblique  blackish  mark  on  fold  near 
base ;  an  oblique  dork  fuscous  bar  from  costa  at  \,  terminated  by  a 
blackish  mark  on  told  edged  beneath  with  ochreous;  discal  stigmata 
blackish,  edged  beneath  with  ochreous,  fint  beyond  plioal;  some 
blaokish  acales  above  tomus  and  at  apex :  cilia  tight  giey,  round 
apex  sprinkled  with  blackisL  Hindwings  light  bluish-grey;  cilia 
pole  grey. 

Peru,  Matucana,  7780  feet,  in  July  {Parish);  one 
specimen.  Distinguished  from  all  the  preceding  by  the 
short  terminal  joint  and  different  marking  of  palpi. 

Arlstotelia  eosmographa,  n.  sp. 

3  $,  11-12  mm.    Head  and  thorax  brownish-ocfareooa.    Palpi 

white,  second  joint  with  three  and  terminal  joint  with  four  dark 

fuscous  bonds,  terminal  joint  much  longer  than  second     Abdomen 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lL' 


Souih  American  Micro-Lepidoplera.  37 

gre;,  ftpez  grey- whitish.  Forewings  narrowly  elongate-UnoeoIate ; 
6  aepuate;  brownish -oohreons  or  deep  yellow-ochreoua,  costal 
edge  anffiued  with  dark  fuscous;  on  oblique  interrupted  silvery- 
white  streak  near  base;  three  white  streaks  from  casta  terminated 
by  nlvery-metallio  subdorsal  spots,  first  from  i,  oblique,  edged 
anteriorly  with  blockish  suffusion,  second  from  middle,  direct, 
third  from  |,  inwardly  oblique,  second  and  third  connected  by  a 
Boffused  blaokieh  streak  in  disc,  a  spot  of  silvery-white  suffusion 
beneath  costa  between  first  and  second  connected  with  costa  by  a 
white  strigula;  a  whit«  dot  on  kpei,  and  somotimes  two  or  three 
on  termoi :  cilia  pale  greyish,  with  indistinct  blackish  median  shade 
and  several  slender  wliitish  bats.  Hindwings  slaty -grey;  oilia  pale 
grey. 

Peru,  Chosica,  2800  feet,  in  July  {Parieh);  three 
speciinens. 

£Upau>sabi3,  n.  g. 

Head  smooth;  ocelli  absent;  tongue  developed.  Antennae  ], 
in  3  simple,  basal  joint  moderat«,  without  peoten.  Labial  palpi 
very  long,  curved,  ascending,  second  joint  above  in  ^  clothed  with 
long  fine  expansible  hairs,  in  $  with  triangularly  expoikded  hair- 
scales  towards  apex,  beneath  smooth-scaled,  terminal  joint  some- 
what shorter  than  second,  slender,  acute.  Maxillary  palpi  rudimen' 
taiy.  Posterior  tibiae  clothed  with  long  rough  hairs  above.  ForC' 
win^  with  Ibfurcate,  2  from  very  near  angle,  3  absent,  4fromangli 
0  approximated,  7  and  8  out  of  6,  7  to  costs,  11  from  middle.  Hind' 
wings  },  elongate -trapezoidal,  apex  acute,  termen  obliquely  bisinuate 
beneath  apex,  cilia  3 ;  2  remote,  3  and  4  almost  coni)at«  from  angle, 
5  approximated,  6  obsolete. 

Albed  to  Compsosaris,  which  it  closely  resembles 
superficially.  Vein  6  ol  hindwmgs  appears  to  be  truly 
oteolete  (represented  by  a  weak  fold  parallel  to  7),  and 
not  coincident  with  7. 

Hapalosaris  pelnlaiu,  n.  sp. 
3  9-  9-l\  mm.  Head  and  thorax  ochreous-whitish  with  a  few 
fuacons  specks.  Palpi  whitish,  second  joint  with  three  rings  of  dark 
fuscous  irroration,  terminal  joint  with  two  black  rings.  Abdomen 
ochreous-whitish.  Forewings  elongate-lanceolate;  white,  irregu- 
lariy  irrotated  with  fuscous  and  dark  fuscous,  more  thinly  towards 
dorsum  anteriorly;  an  oblique  blackish  bar  from  costa  at  |  to 
fold;    blackish  spots  on  costa  before  middle  and  at  {;    s  black 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


38  Mr.  E.  Meyrick'B  Beacriptiona  of 

■nbcostal  dot  at  };  stigmata  black,  sometimes  ringed  witb  iritite. 
pUoal  rather  obliquely  before  first  discal,  an  additional  dot  betweoi 
second  disoal  and  dorstuu ;  a  small  blackish  spot  on  donmm  befiH« 
tomus;  three  blackish  dots  on  costs  towards  apex,  apical  are* 
darker-snSused  :  cilia  pale  grey,  round  apex  sprinkled  witb  dark 
fuscous.  Hindwings  light  grey,  in  S  thinly  scaled  and  whitish- 
tinged  ant«riorly  i  cilia  grey-whitish,  in  3  whitish -ochreoos  on  lower 
part  of  termen  and  dorsum ;  in  c?  a  long  One  pale  ochreous-y^owi^ 
hairpencil  from  base  of  wing  lying  along  abdomen. 

Colombia,  La  Cmmbre,  6*500  feet,  in  May;  Ecuador, 
IIiiiRra,  4r)(H)  feot,  hi  June ;  Peru,  Chosica,  2800  feet,  in 
July  (Parish);  twenty-six  specimens. 

Reourvarift  xanthotrioha,  n.  sp. 

ij  ?.  8-0  mm.  Head  ochreoua-whitish,  sides  of  crown  with  some 
dark  fuscous  specks.  Palpi  whitish,  second  joint  with  basal  halt 
irrorated  with  dark  fuscous  and  a  blackish  subapical  ring,  terminal 
joint  with  two  black  rings.  Thorax  whitish  irrorated  with  dark 
fuscous.  Abdomen  grey,  anal  tuft  of  J  pale  ochreons.  Forewings 
elongate,  narrow,  cosia  slightly  arch<rd,  apex  obtuse- pointed,  tennen 
slightly  sinuate,  rathot  strongly  oblique;  whitish,  irregnlariy  irro- 
rated with  grey  and  dark  fuscous ;  markings  suffused,  blackish,  more 
or  less  confused  with  the  daib  iiroration;  a  spot  on  base  of  costa; 
a  curved  oblique  scries  of  thi«e  spots  (costal,  plioal,  dorsal)  towards 
base,  followed  by  a  more  or  less  developed  narrow  white  fascia;  a 
subcostal  dot  at  \,  spots  on  costa  at  |  and  f ;  stigmata  represented 
by  cloudy  dots,  plical  slightly  beyond  first  discal ;  a  spot  on  tomns ; 
sometimes  an  irregular  angulated  fine  whitish  transveree  line  is 
traceable  beyond  this  :  cilia  whitish-grey,  sprinkled  with  daric  fus- 
cous or  black  except  towards  tomus.  Hindwings  and  cilia  pale 
greyish;  costa  in  £  rolled  on  anterior  portion,  with  long  ozpansible 
yellow-ochreous  hairpencil  from  base. 

Peru,  Chosica,  2800  feet,  and  Lima,  in  July  and  August 
(Parish) ;   twenty-four  specimens. 

Recurvaria  thiodes,  n.  sp. 
(J.  10  mm.  Head  pale  yellow.  Palpi  whitish-yellow,  second  joint 
with  black  snbapical  ring,  terminal  joint  with  base  and  supramedian 
band  black.  Antennae  dark  grey.  Thorax  pale  yellow,  with  two 
minute  black  marginal  Aota  posteriorly.  Abdomen  grey-whitish, 
anal  tnft  whitish -ochreoos.  Forewings  elongate-lanceolate;  pale 
sulf^nr-yellow,  riightly  speckled  with  fnlvons;  aa  dongate  Uaok 


n,g,i,.rjh,G00glc 


Sovtk  American  Mtcro-Lepidoptera.  39 

■potklongbaMlaiztlial  ooitk;  amall  bkok  seioioval  qiota  OB  ooaU 
at  }  aad  f ;  {diottl  and  ■eoond  duo«l  Btigauta  bUok;  two  or  three 
HD»11  blkck  dots  on  ooMa  towuds  Kpex;  four  narrow  aemioTal  dsrk 
gny  nuika  alwig  termon,  with  &  few  bUek  aokle* ;  oilia  grey,  on 
oo«t«  pale  jellow.    Hindwinga  light  grey;  cilu  pale  greTioh. 

COLOMBU,  La  Crumbre,  6600  feet,  in  May  (ParwA) ;  one 


RMnrvarU  Mquorea,  n.  Bp. 

(}  $.  8  mm.  Head,  palpi,  and  thorax  ochreom-whitish,  shouldera 
safiFneed  with  dark  {dboohh.  Abdomen  in  ^  grey-whitiah,  in  $  grey. 
Forewinga  lanoeoUto;  dark  fuaeoiu,  sprinkled  with  whitish;  a 
cloud;  whitish  doraal  streak  from  base  to  tonms,  speckled  with  dark 
fDecoos,  pointed  posteriori^,  edge  irregnlai :  oilia  ochreous-whitiah, 
round  apex  and  upper  part  of  t«rmen  irronit«d  with  dark  fuscous. 
Sndwings  in  i^  pale  slaty -grey,  in  $  grey;  oilia  ocbieoos-whitiah ; 
in  1^  with  ochreons-yellawiah  expansible  hairpencil  lying  along  ooeta 
from  base  to  beyond  middle. 

Pebd,  Chosica,  2800  feet,  and  Lima,  in  July  and  Angust 
{Parish) ;   foui  specimens. 

OXYLECHIA,  n.  g. 
Head  smootb ;  ocelli  present ;  tongue  developed.  Antennae  {,  in 
1^  simple,  baaal  joint  moderate^  without  peoten.  Labial  palpi  very 
long,  recurved,  second  joint  with  short  rough  tuft  beneath  and  hatn 
roughly  expanded  towards  apex  above,  terminal  joint  longer  than 
aeoond,  slender,  acute.  Maxillary  palpi  nidimentaiy.  Posterior 
tibiae  clothed  with  hairs  above.  Forewings  with  lb  furcate,  2  from 
Dear  angle,  3  absent,  7  and  8  etalked,  7  to  costa,  11  from  middle. 
HindwingB  j,  elongate-trapezoidal,  apex  somewhat  produced,  acute, 
termen  obliquely  bisiauate  beneath  apex,  oilia  4;  2-4  remote,  4 
frwn  angle,  5  approximated  to  4  at  base,  6  and  7  connate. 

Oxylechla  eonOrmata,  n.  sp. 
g.  8  mm.  Head  white.  Patpi  white,  second  joint  marked  with 
Uock  towards  base,  tenninal  joint  with  block  submediau  ring  and 
snfnamediai^band.  Thorax  white,  shoulders  dark  fuscous.  Abdo- 
men gi«y>  segmental  margins  and  anal  tuft  white.  Forewings 
elongate,  very  ikarrow,  ooste  slightly  arched,  apex  pointed,  termen 
very  obUqndy  rounded;  white,  tinged  with  ochroous-yellowieh  in 
dvc,  more  atnmgly  and  sprinkled  with  fuscous  posteriorly ;  markings 
dark  fuacouB,  with  some  black  scales  on  their  edges,  and  maigined 


iM:,i,A  J  h,  Google 


40  Mr.  E.  Meyrick's  Detcrijilions  cf 

with  oleftr  iriiite;  &  baeol  patch,  edge  nmning  from  ^  of  ootta^ 
atnight,  obliqna ;  an  elongate  narrow  patch  extending  along  ooata 
from  before  middle  to  apex,  antenoriy  pointed  and  pieoeded  by  a 
slight  blackish  strignla,  beneath  with  slight  proidinenoes  at  middle 
and  {  of  wing  tipped  with  black  scales  probably  repiesenting  disoal 
stigmata ;  a  small  white  costal  mark  intenecting  this  at  ^ ;  natiow 
elongate  brownish  spots  sprinkled  with  black  on  dorsom  beyond 
middle  and  on  tamos ;  a  black  apical  dot  ringed  with  white  :  cilia 
whitish,  roond  apex  with  two  dark  fuacona  linea.  Hiadwings 
whitish-greyj  cilia  ochreous-whitiBh. 

Colombia.  La  Cmmbre,  6600  feet,  in  May  (Parigk) ;  one 
Bpecimen. 

Tholekostola,  n.  g. 
Head  smooth;  ocelli  absent ;  tongne  apparently  obsolete.  An- 
temiae  ),  in  ^  serrulate,  simple,  bssaJ  joint  elongate,  without  pecten. 
Labial  palpi  long,  recurred,  second  joint  rather  thickened  and 
roDghened  with  scales  beneath,  terminal  joint  hardly  shorter  than 
second,  slightly  thickened  with  scales,  acute.  Maxillary  palpi 
rndimentary.  Posterior  tibiae  clothed  with  long  hairs  above.  Fore- 
wings  with  16  long-fnrcate,  2  from  towards  angle,  4  and  5  stalked, 
7  and  8  stalked,  7  to  costa,  11  from  middle.  Hindwings  f,  trape- 
Eoidal,  apex  rather  produced,  acute,  termen  obtusely  emarginate 
beneath  it,  cilia  2 ;  2  from  )  of  celt,  3  approximated  to  4  at  base, 
4  and  6  connate  or  closely  approximated  from  angle,  transverse 
vein  mostly  obaolete  except  near  lower  extremity,  6  obeolete, 
repreeentcd  only  by  a  weak  fold  parallel  to  7. 

Allied  to  Phihmmaea. 


Ttaolerostola  omphaloiM,  n.  sp. 

3  $■  6-7  mm.  Head  whitish,  crown  more  or  less  speckled  with 
dark  foBCOns.  Palpi  white,  with  two  bands  of  second  joint,  and 
baaal  and  median  bands  of  terminal  joint  of  blackish  irrorsticm. 
Thorax  whitish  irrorated  with  dark  fuscous.  Abdomen  light  grey, 
anal  toft  of  S  grey-whitish.  Forewiogs  rather  broad -lanceolate: 
whitish  irrorated  with  dark  fuscous  or  blackish ;  marf|^ngs  formed 
by  denser  blackish  irrorstion  or  suffusion,  undefined,  vis.  a  rather 
oblique  bar  from  costa  at  J  to  fold,  a  broad  rather  oblique  fascia 
before  middle,  a  broad  fascia  at  j  including  an  ochreous  spot  in 
middle,  and  an  apical  blotch :  cilia  pale  grey,  round  apex  su&osed 
with  whitish  and  speckled  with  blackish.     Hindwings  grey;   in  ^ 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


South  American  Micro-Lepidoptera.  41 

an  expuiHible   pencil  of  long  light  gnyiBh-ochieous  luitB  from 
oostA  neu  base;  cilia  pale  gre;. 

Ecuador,  Duran,  low  country,  in  June  {Pariah);  nine 
specimens. 

PhthorinuM  triehinupls,  n.  ap. 

S  ?■  9-10  mm.  Head  and  thorax  whitiBh-grey-ochreous,  more  or 
lees  sprinUed  with  fnscona.  Palpi  whitish,  Becond  joint  irrorated 
with  dork  fnacous  except  apex,  terminal  joint  shorter  than  second, 
with  basal  and  supramedian  bands  of  dark  fusooiu  or  blackish  irro- 
ration.  Abdomen  whitish-ochieous,  in  3  ^^h  broad  median  dark 
fiuoons  band.  Forewings  elot^^te -lanceolate;  fl  sometimes  out 
of  7  near  base;  whitish-grey -ochieous,  iiregularly  iiTorat«d  with 
dark  foacoos;  stigmata  dark  fuscons,  obscure,  plical  slii^tly  before 
first  discal :  cilia  oobreous-grey-whitish,  round  apex  irrorated  with 
dark  fuscoos.  Hindwinga  and  cilia  ochreous-whitiBh ;  in  ^  beneath 
with  an  elongate-oval  patch  of  long  black  hairscoles  below  cell, 
covered  by  a  fringe  of  very  long  obliquely  directed  ochreoos  hain 
from  lower  median  vein. 

Pbbu,  Lima,  in  August  {Parish) ;  five  specimeDs. 
Phthorlmae*  tonte,  n.  ep. 

(j$.  10-11  mm.  Head  and  thoiax  ochieous-whitish  irrorated 
with  grey.  Palpi  whitish,  second  joint  irrorated  with  dark  fuscous 
except  apex,  terminal  joint  almost  as  long  as  second,  with  basal  and 
supramedian  bands  of  dark  fuscous  irroration.  Abdomen  grey- 
Fore  wings  elongate -lanceolate ;  6  separate;  pale  grey  iirorated  with 
darker.  Obscurely  and  irregularly  mixed  with  light  ochreoos ;  stig- 
mata blackish,  plical  beneath  first  discal :  cilia  pale  grey,  somewhat 
sprinkled  with  black.  Hiudwings  light  bluish-grey;  cilia  pale 
gnyish-ochreoofl ;  in  ^  with  long  ochreons-grey-whitisb  expassible 
haiipencil  from  base  tying  along  costa. 

Peru,  Lima,  in  August  (Parish) ;  eight  specimens. 
Phthorimaeft  perfldlosa,  n.  sp. 

(J.  10  mm.  Head  and  thorax  whitish  irrorated  with  grey.  Palpi 
whitish,  second  joint  irrorat«d  with  dark  fuscous  except  apex,  ter- 
minal joint  somewhat  shorter  than  second,  with  basal  and  supra- 
median  bands  of  dark  fuscous  irroration-  Abdomen  dark  grey,  anal 
tuft  ochreous-whitish,  claapeis  very  long,  clothed  with  ochieous 
whitisb  hairs  suffused  with  yellow  internally.  Forewings  elongate, 
narrow,  coeta  gently  arobed,  apex  pointed,  tennen  very  obliquely 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


42  Hr.  E.  Meyrick's  Dettrijitions  of 

ronodMl;  6  Mpttfate;  grey-irliitiBh  sprinkled  with  gny  and  dark 
fnsoons,  more  etrongly  iirontod  akmg  oosU;  plical  atignu  nthar 
large,  bUckiah  :  cilia  p«le  grejiib,  aprinUed  with  blBckiah  towaids 
baae.  Hindwinga  bluiah-grej ;  a  strong  oohreoaa-j'ellowiali  ezpan- 
aible  bairpenoil  from  base  lying  along  coeta  to  beyond  middle ;  cilia 
pale  ochieoufl-grey. 

Colombia,  Caldas,  4400  feet,  and  La  Crambre,  6600  feet, 
in  May  (Parish) ;   two  specimens. 

nithorimus  ernslarls,  n.  sp. 

<}$.  11-12  mm.  Head  and  tboi«x  ochreons-wfaiti^  Bometimea 
sprinkled  with  giey.  Palpi  white,  aeoond  and  tenninal  joimU  ettcb 
with  baaal  and  nipramedion  bands  of  blackish  inoiation,  terminal 
joint  somewhat  shorter  than  second.  Abdomen  ochreons-whitid), 
sometimes  doraally  greyish.  Forewings  elongate,  narrow,  ooeta 
gently  arched,  apes  pointed,  termoi  eitremdy  obliquely  roonded; 
S  separate;  oohreoos- whitish,  iiregnlarly  and  variably  sprinkled 
with  grey,  ochreous,  and  blackish ;  small  cloudy  spots  of  blaokiri) 
irroration  on  coeta  at  base  and  ^,  aod  a  clovdy  blaokiah  dot  on  fold 
near  basei  atigmata  rather  large,  black,  sometimea  tinged  with 
ochreoos,  plical  rather  obliquely  before  first  diacali  sometimes 
indications  of  cloudy  dots  of  blackish  irroration  on  coeta  posteriorly 
and  termen :  cilia  ochreons-wbitish,  on  basal  half  wit^  scattered 
dark  giey  and  blackish  points.  Hindwinga  light  alaty-grey;  cilia 
ochreons-wbitish,  sometimea  tinged  with  grey. 

Peru,  lima,  in  August  [Parish] ;  fourteen  specimeos. 
PhOioritiUM  densata,  n.  sp. 

,J$.  12-Umin.  Head  and  thorax  grey,  sometimea  sprinkled  witli 
whitish.  Palpi  white,  second  and  terminal  jointa  each  with  basal 
and  eupramedian  bands  of  blackish  irroration,  tenninal  joint  aome- 
wbat  shorter  than  second.  Abdomen  grey,  basal  segment  aometimea 
with  two  small  fulvous  spots,  segments  2  and  3  with  fulvous  doraal 
patches.  Forewings  elongate -lanceolate ;  6  separate ;  whitish  ino- 
ntted  with  dark  grey  or  blackish;  several  indistinct  blackish  dots 
on  baaal  area,  an  obscure  rather  obli<]ne  darker  streak  from  coeta 
at  i  to  plical  stigma,  sometimes  edged  with  whitish  antwioriy,  pre- 
ceded and  followed  beneath  coeta  by  oobreous  marks ;  stiginato 
moderate  or  large,  black,  edged  below  by  ochreooa  spots  aod  some- 
limee  sonounded  by  irregular  ochreous  markings,  plical  rather 
obliquely  before  first  discal;  indistinct  cloudy  whitish  opposite  cost»l 
and  tomal  marks  at  j,  sometimea  united  into  a  aUgbtly  angaUt«d 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


South  American  MicTO-Lepidoplera.  43 

shade :  cilia  light  giej,  basal  half  mora  or  lees  sprinkled  with  whit« 
and  black.    Hindwings  slaty-grey ;  cilia  grey. 

Pebu,  Lima,  in  August  (Parish);   twenty -Beven  speci- 


PhtttorlmMa  gngalls,  n.  sp. 

<}$.  12-13  mm.  K^ad  and  tfaocax  dark  gcey,  more  or  less 
■prinkled  witii  whitish,  face  sometimes  sofFused  with  whitish.  Palpi 
whitish,  second  uid  terminal  joints  each  with  basal  and  sapra- 
niediaQ  bands  of  blackish  irroration,  terminal  joint  somewhat  shorter 
than  second.  Abdomen  dark  gray,  apes  tinged  with  ochieoos. 
Forewinp  eloi^ate-lanceolate;  fl  separate;  dark  fuscous,  speckled 
with  whitish;  sometimes  short  brownish.oohraoQS  dashes  beneath 
oosta  at  \  and  \ ;  stigmata  small,  black,  sometimes  edged  with  brown- 
ish markings,  plical  rather  obliquely  beforo  first  discal;  sometimes 
some  obscure  brownish  marking  in  disc  pOBteriorly :  cilia  light  grey, 
basal  half  sprinkled  with  black.  Hindwings  slaty-grey  \  cilia  light 
ochreous-grey. 

Peru,  Lima,  in  August  {Parish) ;   five  apecimens. 

Pbthorlmaea  utosenut,  n.  sp. 
1^.  14  mm.  Head  ochreous -whitish,  ciown  irrorated  with  grey. 
Palpi  whitish,  second  joint  with  two  suffused  [uacous  bands,  tenninal 
joint  with  two  dark  fuscous  hands.  Thorax  pale  greyish -ochreous, 
mostly  sufiusedly  iirorated  with  dark  grey.  Abdomen  grey,  anal 
toft  ochraoDB-whitiah  with  a  strong  black  mark  on  each  side  above. 
Forewings elongate-lanceolate ;  Bseparate;  gray ish-ochreoUB,  some . 
what  sprinkled  irregularly  with  dark  grey,  costa  suffused  with  dark 
grey  irroration;  three  or  tour  cloudy  blackish-grey  dots  towards 
base  on  dorsal  half;  an  oblique  transfeTse  patch  of  ochreous  .whitish 
auEFoaion  from  costa  towards  base  followed  on  costa  by  a  small 
blackish  spot  and  in  disc  by  an  elongate  blotch  of  blackish  suffusion ; 
stigmata  blackish,  surrounded  by  irregular  ochreous- whitish  suffu- 
sion, plic^  obliquely  before  fint  discal.  a  blotch  of  blackish  suffusion 
in  middle  of  disc  lying  between  and  beneath  discal  stigmata;  costa 
towards  apex  with  three  small  ochreous- whitish  spots  interrupting 
the  dark  grey  irroration  :  cilia  ochreous.grey- whitish,  towards  base 
spotted  with  dark  grey  irroration.  Hindwings  slaty-grey;  cilia 
pale  gtejiBh.ochreaiiB. 

Peed,  Matucana,  7780  feet,  in  July  {Parish);  one 
specimen. 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


44  Mr.  B.  Me3nick'B  DeacrijilioM  <^ 

PhtiiorlnuM  melanoeunpta,  n.  sp. 

(J.  16  tnm.  Head  and  tbonuc  pile  grej'iah-ochieoiu  Boffnaed  with 
grey.  Palpi  whJtiah,  second  joint  Bprinkled  with  dork  fuscoos, 
twniiiul  joint  with  two  blackish  barab.  Abdomen  blsokiab  becom- 
ing brawn  towards  base,  aides  and  anal  toft  ochreotis-whitish.  Foie- 
wings  elongate-lanceolate ;  6  separat« ;  light  grejisb-ochreoiu, 
irregularly  sprinkled  with  blackish-grey,  ooata  narrowly  snSused  with 
dark  grey  irroration;  several  cloudy  black  dot«  on  basal  area;  a 
thick  black  sufiused  streak  from  coata  at  }  rather  obliquely  half 
aoroes  wing,  thence  abruptly  bent  and  continued  through  middle 
of  disc  to  apex,  attenuated  posteriorly,  neaiiy  interrupted  by  small 
pole  spota  repreeenting  discal  stigmata,  and  irregolarly  intemptod 
near  apex  :  cilia  light  greyish-ochreous,  sprinkled  with  black  towards 
base.     Hindwings  pale  slaty-grey;  oilia  light  gieyieh-ochreons. 

Peru,  Lima,  in  August  {Parish);  one  specimen. 

PhthorinuM  kquUlna,  n.  sp. 

S  $.  19-22  mm.  Head  and  thorax  varying  from  pale  oohreous 
to  grey.  Palpi  oohreous- whitish,  second  joint  sprinkled  with  fuscons. 
terminal  joint  with  basal  and  supramedian  rings  of  daxk  fuscous 
irroration.  Abdomen  ochreous- whitish,  segments  tinged  with  fuscous 
towards  base,  two  basal  segments  more  or  less  sufFused  with  yellow- 
ochreous.  Forewings  narrowly  elongate-lanceolate ;  6  separate ;  vary- 
ing from  pale  ochreous,  sprinkled  with  ferruginous  ($)  to  light  fuscous 
(ij);  A  thick  black  (or  in  9  deep  ferruginoUB)  ratherobliquestieak  from 
costa  at }  reaching  half  across  wing,  in  disc  dilated  posteriorly,  form- 
ing base  of  an  undefined  cloudy  wedge-shaped  patch  rather  darker 
than  ground  colour  extending  along  coeta  to  } ;  indistinct  cloudy  spota 
ol  darker  suEFusion  in  disc  at  middle  and  j ;  seTcral  small  obscure 
cloudy  darker  spota  on  costa  and  termen  towards  apex  :  cilia  pale 
gieyish-ochreous  or  whitish- ochreous,  sprinkled  with  fuscous  ot  dark 
fuscous.  Hindwings  pale  slaty-grey ;  cilia  pale  greyish-ochreous  or 
whitish-ochreous. 

Peru,  Matucana,  7780  feet,  and  Huancayo,  10,650  feet, 
ill  July  (Parish) ;   four  specimens. 

Phthorimaea  absoluta,  n.  sp. 

cJ-  14  mm.  Head  whitish -grey -ochreous,  crown  sprinkled  with 
grey.  Palpi  stout,  ochreous- whitish  sprinkled  with  grey,  second 
and  tenninal  joints  each  with  two  bands  of  blackish  irroration,  second 
joint  with  longer  rough  scales  beneath  towards  apex.    Thorax 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


South  American  Micro-Lepidoptera.  46 

p«yiih-ochnoiu  iirorated  with  whitish  and  dark  grey.  Abdomen 
grey,  segmental  margins  and  anal  tuft  oohreooB-whitiah.  Fore- 
wing)  nanowl;  elongate-lanceolate;  6  aepante;  greyiBh-ochreous 
s^inkled  with  dark  grey  and  whitisb,  here  and  there  mixed  with 
brownish,  oosta  snSnaedly  iirorated  with  blackish-grey,  Teina 
poateriorlj  otwcarely  inorated  with  dark  grey;  Bevetal  obsonre 
blackish  dots  on  basal  area ;  irregular  rather  obliqne  transverse  bars 
of  blackish  snSusion  from  ooeta  at  {  and  |,  reachinghaU  aoroas  wing; 
stigmata  blackish,  plioal  obliquely  before  first  disoal ;  costal  irnira- 
tion  towards  apes  interrapted  by  three  or  fonr  small  pale  spots : 
cilia  light  ochreons-greyigb,  on  basal  half  mixed  with  ochreoua- 
whitish  and  sprinkled  with  fuscous  and  black.  Hindwings  light 
slaty-grey;  cilia  light  ochieous-grey. 

Peru,  Hiiancayo,  10,650  feet,  is  July  {Parish);  one 
specimen.  Much  like  urosema,  but  readily  distinguished 
by  absence  of  the  characteristic  black  marka  on  anal  tuft. 

PhlborlnuM  loquax,  n.  sp. 

j$.  ^10  nun.  Head  and  thorax  grey,  sometimes  partially 
tinged  with  oohreone,  face  sometimes  whitish.  Palpi  fuscous 
aprinkled  with  whitish,  second  and  terminal  joints  each  with  baaal  and 
snpramedian  bands  of  blackish  irroiation,  terminal  joint  somewhat 
shorter  than  second.  Abdomen  in  ^  dark  grey,  in  $  whitish-giey. 
Forewinga  elongate-lanceolate ;  6  separate;  dark  grey  sprinkled  with 
whitish,  tinged  here  and  there  with  oclireous;  a  black  dot  beneath 
COsta  near  base,  and  two  or  ttiree  Other  indistinct  ones  on  bssal  area ; 
»  small  black  costal  spot  before  } ;  sometimes  ochreons  subcostal 
dasbee  before  and  beyond  this ;  stigmata  moderate  or  large,  ochreons- 
brownish,  sometimes  accompanied  by  a  few  blackish  scales,  plical 
aligbtly  before  first  discal ;  a  blackish  dot  on  fold  beneath  middle  of 
wing ;  a  small  cloudy  darker  spot  on  costa  at  f ;  a  clondy  darker  dot 
above  tomns;  a  cloudy  spot  of  dork  fuscous  suffusion  on  termen 
above  tomns ;  an  elongate  blackish  mark  in  disc  near  apex :  cilia 
light  grey,  basal  half  sprinkled  with  whitish  and  dark  grey-  Hind- 
wings  slaty-grey ;  cilia  pale  ochreous-greyish,  in  ^  longer  and  darker 
towards  basal  portion  of  costa. 

Peru,  Chosica,  2800  feet,  in  July  {Parish);  thirteen 
Bpecimens- 

Phthorlmaea  alritascls,  n.  sp. 

3  $■  9-10  mm.  Head  ochreons- whitish  irrorated  with  grey. 
Palpi  grey,  sprinkled  with  whitish,  second  and  terminal  joints  each 
witii  basal  and  supramedian  bands  of  blackish  irroration,  terminal 


u,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


46  Mr.  E,  Meyrick'a  Descriptions  e^ 

joint  nearly  as  long  aa  Becond.  Thorax  grey  ipiinkW  with  ndiltiah. 
Abdomen  whitiah-grej.  Poaterior  tibiae  in  3  ^^  '^'T  '""S 
whitish -oohreouB  hairs.  Forewinge  eloDgate-lanoeoUte ;  6  aepante ; 
dark  grey  inorated  with  white ;  a  blackish  dot  beneath  costa  near 
base ;  an  oblique  blackish  bar  from  costa  at }  to  lold ;  discal  stigmata 
blackish,  indistinctly  edged  with  ochreons  beneath,  plioal  ochreous, 
■lightly  before  first  discal;  indistinct  whitish  opposite  ma^s  on 
ooeta  at  i  and  tomua  :  cilia  whitish-grey,  irrorated  with  dark  giey 
and  black  round  apex  and  towards  base  generally.  Hindwings  pole 
slaty-grey ;  in  d  a  very  long  dense  black  cxpansibls  hairpencil  lying 
along  oosta  fiom  base  to  ] ;  cilia  wbitisb-grey. 

Peru,  Ghoaica,  2800  feet,  in  July  iParish) ;  two  specimens. 

PbthorinuM  altlsona,  n.  sp. 

1^.  11-12  mm.  Head  and  thorax  dark  fuscous,  slightly  whitish- 
sprinkled.  Palpi  dark  grey  sprinkled  with  blackish  and  slightly 
with  whitish.  Abdomen  dark  grey.  Forewings  elongate-lanceolate ; 
6  separate;  dark  fuscous,  slightly  whitish -sprinkled,  doisal  area 
tinged  with  oohreoos -brown ;  stigmata  cloudy,  black,  plioal  obliquely 
before  first  discal ;  in  one  specimen  some  oohreous-brown  streaking 
towards  coflta  posteriorly ;  apical  area  suffused  with  blackish  : 
cilia  grey,  round  apex  mixed  with  dark  fusoous  and  somewhat 
epriokled  with  whitish.    Hindwings  bluish-giey ;  cilia  light  grey- 

Peru,  Huancayo,  10,650  feet,  in  July  (Parisk);  two 
specimens. 

FbthorimMa  eueta,  u.  sp. 

S  $.  11-12  mm.  Head  whitish,  sprinkled  with  dark  grey.  Palpi 
white  sprinkled  with  grey,  second  joint  blackish  except  towards 
apex,  terminal  joint  nearly  as  long  as  second,  with  black  basal  ring 
and  supramedian  band.  Thorax  whitish  irrorated  with  dark  grey. 
Abdomen  grey,  anal  tuft  in  S  ochreous- whitish.  Forewings  elongate, 
narrow,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  pointed,  termen  extremely 
ofaliqnety  rounded ;  6  separate ;  whitish  irrorated  with  grey  and  dark 
fuscous ;  a  small  blackish  spot  beneath  costa  near  base ;  a  suffused 
dark  fuscous  bar  from  dorsum  at  }  to  above  middle ;  blackish  spots 
on  costa  at  }  and  before  J,  stigmata  cloudy,  blaek,  plical  beneath 
fiist  discal,  second  discal  elongat«;  blotches  of  darker  suffusion  on 
lomns  and  at  apex :  cilia  pale  grey  mixed  with  dark  fuscous. 
Hindwings  grey,  darker  posteriorly;  cilia  light  grey. 

British  Guuna,  Bftrtica,  in  January  and  February 
{Pariah);   two  specimens. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


South  American  Miorb-Lepidoplera.  47 

ntthoiiioMa  epitrieha,  n.  sp. 
1^  $.  8-10  mm.  Head  whitish,  more  or  leea  eprinkled  with  grey. 
Palpi  whitish,  second  joint  irrorated  with  dark  fusooos  except  apex, 
terminal  joint  as  long  as  second,  with  subbasal  and  Bn|»amedian 
bands  of  dark  foscons  iiroration.  Thorax  whitish  more  or  less  ino- 
rat«d  with  dark  grey.  Abdomen  grey,  in  3  with  raised  lateral  snb- 
apical  tofts  of  long  grey  haira.  Forewinge  elongate,  rather  narrow, 
ooBta  gently  arched,  apex  pointed,  tennen  veiy  obliquely  rounded ; 
6  separate;  grey-whitiah  inoiated  with  dark  fuscoua;  a  blackish 
spot  or  short  obliqne  bar  from  coeta  near  base ;  a  amall  ochreous  spot 
on  fold  at  J,  sometimes  edged  above  and  beneath  with  small  blackiBh 
q)Ots;  a  t^ck  obllqoe  blackish  streak  from  |  of  coeta  to  fold; 
stigmata  ochreoos,  more  oi  lees  edged  above  and  beneath  with  sm^ 
blackish  spots,  plica!  obliquely  before  fiist  discal,  an  elongate  cloudy 
UachJsb  spot  on  costa  just  above  second  discal,  sometimes  edged 
boieath  by  another  ochreous  dot;  undefined  spots  of  blackish 
snffnHion  <m  tomns  and  at  apex :  cilia  pale  grey  sprinkled  with 
black.  Hindwings  grey,  snbhyaline  in  disc  anterioriy  and  towards 
dorsum ;  cilia  light  grey. 

BsTTiSH  Gdiana,  Bartica,  fiom  December  to  February 
(Parish);   ten  Bpecimena. 

PhthoiimMa  InTOlate,  n.  ap. 
ij$.  9-1 1  mm.  Head  whitish  sprinkled  with  giey.  Falpi 
whitish,  seoond  and  terminal  joints  each  with  subbasal  and  supra- 
median  bands  of  dark  fuscous  irroration,  terminal  joint  as  long  as 
seoond.  Thorax  whitiah  irrorated  with  dark  fuscous,  patagia 
sometimes  mSused  with  oclireoiu.  Abdomen  dark  grey.  Pore- 
wings  elongate,  narniw,  coBta  gently  arched,  apex  jwinted,  termen 
very  obliquely  rounded ;  8  separate ;  grey- whitish  or  whitish-grey, 
iiroi«ted  with  black;  a  narrow  oblique  blackish  bar  from  costa 
Dear  base  and  broader  one  at  ),  both  terminated  by  small  yellow- 
ochreouB  spots  on  fold  edged  beneath  by  black  marks,  second  spot 
representing  plical  stigma;  discal  stigmata  yellow-ochreous,  edged 
above  and  below  by  black  spots,  Rrst  obliquely  beyond  plical  stigma, 
its  margin  separated  by  an  ochrcous  mark  from  a  small  blackish  spot 
on  coeta  above  it,  maigin  of  second  usually  absorbed  in  a  suhquad- 
rate  blackish  blotch  on  costa  above  it,  its  lower  mai^  sometimes 
forming  a  oonaidetable  spot ;  a  well-defined  blackish  apical  blotch  : 
cilia  grey,  inorated  with  black  except  towards  tips.  Hindwings 
daric  grey,  subhyaline  in  disc  anteriorly  and  towsids  dorsum ;  cilia 
Mther  dark  grey. 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


48  Mr.  E.  Meyrick'a  Descrijitionb  of 

British  Guiana,  Mallali,  in  March  {Parish) ;  six  speci- 
mens. Nearly  allied  to  epUricha,  but  forewings  rather 
narrower,  yellowish  markings  clearer  and  larger,  black 
markings  also  larger  and  better  defined,  hindwings  darker, 
abdomen  in  S  without  praeapical  tults  of  hair. 

Stegasta  zygotoiu,  n.  sp. 

<;$.  ^11  mm.  Head  wlute,  often  irrorated  with  dark  grey. 
Folpi  white,  second  joint  with  ill-defined  basal  and  subapioal  buidt 
of  dark  fuscous  irroration,  terminal  joints  with  two  blackish  bands. 
Thorax  dark  fuscous,  slightly  whitish-sprinkled,  with  small  ochreous- 
white  posterior  spot.  Abdomen  grey.  Forewings  elongate,  narrow, 
oosta  gently  arched,  apex  pointed,  termen  very  obliquely  rounded; 
dark  fuecons,  sometimes  sufiused  with  deep  ferruginous- bronze, 
slightly  whitish-sprinkled ;  two  connected  ochteons-white  triangular 
blotches  occupying  doranm  from  near  base  to  near  tomus,  sometimes 
much  sufiused  with  grey  irroration,  especially  dorsally,  first  narrowly 
reaching  costa  at  \,  second  reaching  neariy  half  across  wing,  its  apex 
oonnected  with  an  indistinct  whitish  dot  on  middle  of  costa  hy  a 
ftunt  grey  or  grey-whitish  cloud  in  which  is  a  more  or  less  strongly 
expreoeed  blackish  dot  (first  discal  stigma);  second  discal  stigma 
close  beyond  this,  blackish,  sometimes  edged  below  with  white  or 
yellowish,  or  obsolete ;  a  slightly  inwards-oblique  transveise  white 
spot  on  coeta  at  \,  landing  to  connect  with  a  leaden-grey  spot  on 
tomus;  apical  area  sometimes  irrorated  with  grey-whitish  :  cilia 
whitish,  with  two  indistinct  lines  of  blackish  irroration.  Hindwinga 
giey  or  light  grey,  darker  posteriorly;  cilia  grey  or  grey-whitish. 
Forewings  in  $  beneath  with  an  expansible  pencil  of  long  whitish 
hairs  from  beneath  base  of  costa,  covered  by  fringe  of  projecting 
scales. 

Colombia,  Cali,  600  feet,  and  Ia  Crumbre,  6600  feet,  in 
May ;  Ecuadoe,  Huigra,  4500  feet,  in  June ;  Peru,  Lima, 
and  Chosica,  2800  feet,  in  August  {Parish);  forty-four 
specimens.  The  Peruvian  examples  have  the  white  mark- 
ingB  always  much  mote  suffused  with  grey,  whilst  in  the 
others  they  are  nearly  clear  ochreous-white,  but  I  can  find 
no  rehable  distinction  between  them  otherwbe. 

GeleeUa  lactlconu,  n.  sp. 

fj.  10-11   mm.    Head  and  thorax  ochreous-wbitish,  shoulders 

with  a  suffused  dark  fuscous  spot.    Palpi  whitish,  basal  third  of 

second  joint   dork  fuacons.    terminal  joint    as   long  as  second, 

with  blackish  subapical  band.    Abdomen  grey,  anal  tuft  ochreous- 


ih,Cooi^lc 


South  American  Micro-Lepidoptera.  49 

whitish.  Forevinga  elongate,  doitow,  costa  gently  arched,  apex 
tolerably  pointed,  termen  very  obliquely  rounded;  ochreous- 
whitish  or  yeUoW' whitish;  marking  fuscous,  towards  costa  iirorated 
with  blackish ;  aa  obUqoe  wedge-shaped  spot  from  base  of  casta  to 
iokl ;  a  V-shaped  marking  from  costa  before  middle,  iU  apex  reaeb- 
iog  fold,  marked  with  black  plical  and  first  discal  stigmata,  latter 
obliquely  posterior;  an  irregular  fascia  from  }  of  costa  to  dorsum 
before  tonins,  second  dieoal  stigma  fomuDg  a  black  mark  on  its 
anterior  ma^in;  some  more  or  less  indicated  blackish  irroration 
towards  apex  :  cilia  ocbreous-whitieh,  slightly  sprinkled  with  blaok. 
Hindwings  light  grey;   cilia  ochreous -whitish. 

Pebd,  Chosica,  2800  feet,  in  July  (Parish) ;  three  speci- 
mens. 

Gelechla  litlglosa,  n.  sp. 

ij$.  ll-13mm.  Head  and  thorax  pale  pinkish-fuscous  or  whitish- 
fuscous,  mixed  with  dark  fnscous.  Palpi  fuscous- whitish  irroratod 
with  dark  fuscous,  on  terminal  joint  sometimes  forming  two  dork 
bonds.  Abdomen  grey.  Forewings  elongate,  narrow,  costa  gently 
arched,  apex  obtuse -pointed,  termen  very  obliquely  rounded; 
dark  fuscous,  variably  iirorated  (sometimes  very  slightly)  with 
whitish -fuacoua  or  whitish-ochreous ;  stigmata  doudy,  blackish, 
plical  slightly  before  first  diecal;  a  small  cloudy  pale  ochreous  or 
whitjsh-ochreous  spot  on  costa  at  | :  cilia  grey,  somewhat  mixed 
with  dark  fuscous.    Hindwings  and  cilia  grey. 

Ecuador,  Huigra,  4500  feet,  in  June  {Parish) ;  thirteen 
specimens. 

Gflleohla  dryobathra,  n.  sp. 

<;.  13-14  mm.  Head  fuscous,  face  paler.  Palpi  pale  greyish- 
ochreous  .irrorated  with  dark  fuscous,  terminal  joint  somewhat 
■hcvter  than  second.  Thorax  brown  or  fuscous.  Abdomen  grey. 
Forewings  elongate,  narrow,  costa  gently  arched,  faintly  unuate  in 
middle,  apex  obtuse,  termen  very  obliquely  rounded;  dark  fuscous, 
in  one  specimen  streaked  with  brownish  in  disc  posterioriy;  a 
brown  baaal  patoh  occupying  about  ^  of  wing,  edge  irregularly 
curved  or  bent;  stigmata  blackish,  approximated,  plical  somewhat 
obUqoely  before  firat  discal ;  a  small  pale  brownish  spot  on  costa  at 
} :  cilia  pale  greyish-ochreoue,  with  two  lines  of  blackish  innration, 
at  base  fuscous,  on  costa  wholly  fuscous.  Hindwings  grey;  cilia 
light  greyish-ochreoua. 

Colombia,  La  Crunibre,  6600  feet,  in  May  {Parish) ;  two 
specimens. 

TBANS.  EST.  80C.  LOND.  1917. — PART  I.       (NOV.)  E 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


60  Mr,  E,  MeTTick'e  Description  of 

Gehetala  eborata,  n.  sp. 

[}$.  14-15  mm.  Head  oohreous-whito.  Palpi  whit«,  baoe  of 
■eoond  joint  black,  terminal  joint  aa  long  aa  second,  apical  f  black 
except  ertreme  tip.  Thorax  dark  aBhy-fuaoouB,  with  broad  oohreous- 
white  doraal  stripe.  Abdomen  dark  grey;  ForewingB  elongate, 
rather  narrow,  costa  gently  arched,  apes  obtuse-pointed,  termen 
rounded,  rather  strongly  oblique ;  dark  ashy-fuscons ;  stigmata  hiaok, 
obecm:^,  plical  rather  obliquely  before  first  diacal ;  a  small  cloudy 
white  dot  on  costa  at }  ;  sometimes  one  or  two  white  scales  on  npper 
part  of  t«rmen  :  cilia  dark  grey.    Hindwings  dark  grey ;  cilia  grey. 

CoLOMBU,  La  Crumbre,  6600  feet,  in  May  {Parish) ;  five 
specimenB. 

Geleohla  consona,  d.  sp. 
$.  13  mm.  Head  ochreous-white.  Palpi  white,  base  of  second 
joint  blackish,  terminal  joint  nearly  as  long  as  second,  anterior 
edge  blackish  on  apical  half.  Thorax  ochreous-white,  patagia  darie 
purplish -fuscous.  Abdomen  grey.  Fore  wings  elongate,  narrow, 
costa  gently  arched,  apex  pointed,  termen  very  obliquely  rounded ; 
dark  purplish-fuscous ;  a  thick  white  streak  along  donom  from  base 
to  J,  irregularly  terminated  and  uniting  with  a  roundish  white  spot 
in  disc  beyond  middle  of  wing;  a  roundish  white  spot  on  coeta  at 
}:    cilia  grey  mixed  with  blackish.     Hindwings  grey;   cilia  light 

Ferd,  Lima,  in  August  (Parish) ;  one  specimen.  Allied 
to  the  North  American  unifasdeUa. 

Gelechia  argosema,  n.  sp. 

(J$.  9-11  mm.  Head  ochreous-white-  Palpi  ochreous-white, 
basal  third  of  second  joint  blackish,  terminal  joint  as  long  as  second, 
apical  I  blackish  except  extreme  tip-  Thorax  ochreous-white, 
patagia  dark  purplish-fuacous.  Abdomen  grey-  Forewings  elon- 
gate, rather  narrow,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  obtuse-pointed, 
termen  very  obliquely  rounded;  dark  purplish  .fuscous;  a  sub- 
triangular  transverse  ochreous-white  spot  from  doisum  before 
tomns,  reaching  half  across  wing,  and  a  smaller  spot  from  costa  at 
I ;  cilia  grey  suffused  with  dark  purple-fuscons.  Hindwings  grey; 
cilia  light  grey. 

Ecuador,  Huigia,   4500   feet,  in  June   (Parish);    five 


South  American  Micro-Lepidoplera.  51 

GeheUa  pentadon,  n.  sp. 

,J$.  12-14  mm.  Head  ochreoua-white.  Palpi  yellow- whitUh, 
second  joint  with  baeedark  foacous,  terminal  joint  as  long  aasMond, 
with  gobapical  band  and  aometimea  base  blackiab.  Thorai:  dark 
purple-foscona,  witJi  yellow  posterior  spot.  Abdomen  dark  grey. 
Forewings  elongate,  narrow,  coata  gently  arched,  apex  tolerably 
pointed,  tennen  very  obliquely  rounded;  dark  pnrple-fuacona; 
markingB  yellow;  a  alightly  oblique  oval  transverse  blot^sh  from 
oosta  at  }  reaching  {  acroas  wing;  a  spot  beneath  middle  of  disc; 
an  irr^ular  inwardly  oblique  transverse  blotch  bom  coata  at  f, 
reaching  more  than  half  across  wing;  a  spot  on  tomus;  a  small 
apot  before  apex  :  cilia  dark  purple-fuscous.  Hindwings  and  cilia 
dark  grey. 

Fkench  GciANA,  R.  Maroni ;  three  Bpecimens. 

Polyhynmo  gladlata,  □.  sp. 

^.  9  nun.  Head,  palpi,  and  thorax  white  (partially  defaced), 
■boulders  dark  fuscous.  Abdomen  grey,  anal  tuft  ochreous- whitish. 
Forewings  elongate,  rather  narrow,  costa  alightly  arched,  apex 
pointed,  prominent,  termen  ainnate,  oblique:  costal  half  dark  fus- 
cous, dorsal  area  ailvery-grey-whitish,  these  separated  by  a  broad 
median  longitudinal  shining  white  stfeak  from  liase  to  g,  pointed 
pCNterioriy,  lower  edge  suffused;  a  very  fine  white  line  along  costs 
from  near  base  to  middle,  thence  diverted  aa  a  alender  very  oblique 
atreak  to  just  above  apex  of  median  atreak;  an  oblique  white 
strigula  from  costa  about  {,  whence  a  rather  thick  angulated  leaden- 
metallic  line  tuns  to  tomus ;  beyond  this  a  small  white  coatat  strigula, 
followed  by  a  small  white  triangular  spot;  apical  and  terminal 
areas  round  these  markings  biownish-ochieous :  cilia  pale  grey, 
above  apex  with  two  white  wedge-shaped  marks  separated  with  dark 
foscoos,  on  termen  white  towards  base,  with  a  very  abort  black 
■nbbasol  mack  beneath  apex  and  two  black  subbaaal  dote  below 
middle.    Hindwings  and  cilia  light  grey. 

Colombia,  Cali,  500  feet,  in  May  (Parish) ;  one  apecimen. 

Polyhymno  confllota,  n.  sp. 
<J  $.  10-13  mm.  Head  whitish.  Palpi  whitish,  second  joint 
fnacotui  except  apex,  scales  roughly  projecting  beneath  towards 
apex,  terminal  joint  fuscous  anteriorly.  Thorax  fuscous-whitish. 
Abdomen  whitish-fuscous,  anal  tuft  fuscous-whitish.  Forewings 
ehmgate,  narrow,   costa  slightly  arched,  apex  produced,   acute. 


u,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


52    Mr.  E.  Meyrick's  Deacriplvm  <^  Miero-Lejndoptera. 

termen  uniiat«,  oblique ;  dark  fuscous,  with  cloudy  white  or  whitish 
markingi,  vie  a  BubcoetAl  line  on  haMal  half,  a  aupramediaD  line  to 
g,  where  it  meets  ui  attenuated  stre&k  from  beneath  middle  of  disc. 
Mid  a  confused  and  ittegular  more  or  less  confluent  suSu^ion  occupj- 
ing  most  of  donsl  area  up  to  fold;  a  very  oblique  white  line  from 
middle  of  costa  to  near  termen  above  middle;  a  white  oblique 
strigula  from  coBta  at  j,  whence  a  fine  acutely  angulated  leaden- 
roetalUo  line  runs  to  tomos;  two  white  wedge-Bhaped  marks  from 
costa  beyond  this ;  apicalarea  tinged  with  ochreous:  cilia  lightgrey, 
above  apex  with  two  white  triangular  marks  separated  with  dark 
fuscous,  at  apex  with  a  projecting  dark  fuscous  book,  beneath  apex 
white  towards  base,  with  a  very  short  black  aubbasal  mark  beneath 
apex  and  dot  below  middle.  Hindwings  light  slaty-grey ;  cilia 
pale  greyish. 

Peru,  Choaica,  2800  feet,  and  lima,  in  July  and  August 
{Parish);   twenty-seven  apecimens. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


II.  iVeic  Specim  of  Hvmenoptera  i»  the  British  Musfom. 
By  Rowland  E.  Tueseb,  F.Z.S.,  FES. 


Family  BETHYLIDAE. 
G«nuB  DiCBOGENiuv,  Stadelm. 

DicTogenium,   Stadelm.,   Entom.    Nachticht,   zz.   p.  201, 

1894. 
Nomineia,  Kieff.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  France-  lux,  p.  453, 
1911. 
I  consider  that  these  are  identical,  and  that  Ashmead's 
action  in  tiansfemng  the  genus  from  the  Bdkylidae  to 
his  Cosilidae  was  entirely  unjustifiable. 

IMen^idwii  maxbnaiB,  sp.  n. 

J.  Niger;  mandibolis  apioe  fusco-femgineis:  alia  fnacis,  ^lioe 
fnsco-hyalinis. 

Long.  IS  mm. 

Q.  Maodiblee  strongly  bidentate  at  the  apex,  the  outer  tooth  ttte 
longest;  clypeoa  abort,  transverse,  with  a  strong  median  carina. 
Flagelhun  ptmctnred,  hair;,  becoming  slender  towards  the  apex, 
scape  smooth  and  shining,  the  antennae  as  long  aa  the  thorac 
and  median  segment  combined.  Head  very  large,  broader  than 
the  thorax,  broadly  emarginale  posteriorly,  closely  and  coarsely 
pUDctured- reticulate;  cjee  very  near  to  the  liase  of  the  mandibles, 
separated  from  the  posterior  margin  of  the  head  by  a  distance 
exceeding  their  own  breadth;  the  cheeks  broader  than  the  eyes, 
spanely  but  dce[dy  punctured,  bearing  a  stout,  acute,  spine.  Prono- 
tam  short,  strongly  narrowed  antcrioriy,  the  anterior  maigin  raised, 
a  deep  groove  along  the  posterior  margin.  Mesonotum  coarsely 
pnnctored,  more  sparsely  on  the  middle  than  on  the  aides,  the 
parapetdal  furrows  shallow;  scutellum  very  sparsely  punctured; 
mcAopleonie  cloaely  and  coarsely  punctured,  with  a  shining,  almost 
Binooth,  area  behind  the  wings.  Median  segment  irregularly 
rvgoloee,  with  two  longitudinal  csrinae  close  together,  the  narrow 
space  between  the  carinae  transveraelj  striated,  the  sidea  of  the 
■eminent  strongly  horizontally  striated,  the  apical  slope  moro  finely 
TBASS.  EKT.  SOC.  LOND.  1917. — PAST  I.     (NOV.) 


u,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


54  Mr.  R.  E.  Turner  on  New  Spedes  oj 

tnmevenely  striated.  Abdomen  shining,  almoat  smooth;  the 
seventh  donal  segment  Hpaisely  and  ahallowljr  punctuied,  brosdly 
truncate  at  the  apex;  apical  ventral  segment  closely  punotuTsd, 
hairy,  deeply  divided  longitudinally  in  the  middle.  Radial  cell 
open  at  the  apex,  but  the  radius  is  indicated  by  a  blown  continua- 
tion almost  to  the  apex  of  the  wing ;  cubitus  indicated  by  a  white 
scar  beyond  the  fitst  transveise  cubital  nervure,  the  latter  indicated 
by  a  brown  scar,  the  second  transreise  cubital  by  a  white  scar. 

Hah.  Sierra  Leone,  TBiuadu  (■/.  3.  Simpson),  June. 

There  is  no  tooth  on  the  inner  side  of  the  mandibles  as 
there  is  in  D.  conradti,  Stadelm.,  and  the  carina  of  the 
proatemum  is  not  furcate  as  in  D.  rosmarus,  Stadelm. 

Family  MUTILLIDAE. 
Ephutomorpha  eoDtlgoa,  sp.  n. 

$■  Nigra;  mandibulis  baai,  tubercnliaque  antennalibns  fusco- 
femigineis;  thorace  rufo-femiginoo ;  flagello  subtus,  tarsisque 
brunneo-terrugineis;  segraento  doraali  primo  apioe  late  luteo; 
segmento  dorsali  secundo  obscure  aeneo-vireecente. 

Long.  1  mm. ' 

$.  Antennal  tubercles  well  developed,  rounded;  second  joist 
of  the  flagellum  distinctly  longer  than  the  third.  Eyes  oval,  with 
distinct  facets,  situated  nearer  to  the  posterior  margin  of  the  head 
than  to  the  base  of  the  mandibles.  Head  nearly  as  broad  as  the 
thorax,  feebly  rounded  at  the  posterior  angles,  closely  and  not  very 
finely  punctured.  Thorax  closely  punctured  rugose  on  the  anterior 
two-thirds,  the  apical  third  coarsely  rugose,  the  aides  of  the  apical 
slope  feebly  seirate ;  the  thorax  broadest  anteriorly,  the  anterior 
angles  feebly  rounded,  the  anterior  maigin  almost  transverse,  the 
length  of  the  thorax  greater  by  about  one  quarter  than  the  greatest 
breadth,  abruptly  hut  not  strongly  narrowed  behind  the  middle, 
a  small  tuft  of  erect  white  hairs  on  the  mesopleurae.  Second  dorsal 
segment  a  little  longer  than  the  greatest  breadth,  the  sides  rather 
strongly  convex,  closely  punctured  rugulose;  with  an  apical  pateh 
of  white  hairs,  which  is  continued  as  a  median  band  on  the  third, 
fourth  and  fifth  segments.  Pygidial  area  triangular,  finely  longi- 
tudinally striated. 

Hob.  S.  Qdeeksland,  Brisbane  {Hacker),  December. 

Nearest  to  E.  mrulerUa,  Turn.,  from  S.W.  Australia, 
but  the  thorax  U  less  strongly  narrowed  posteriorly  than 
in  that  species,  the  colour  of  the  thorax  is  much  brighter. 


ih,Cooi^lc 


Hymenoptera  in  the  British  Museum.  55 

and  the  spots  of  pubescence  on  the  dorsal  segments 
are  different,  virvlenla  having  an  apical  fascia  of  white 
pnbesoence  instead  of  an  apical  spot. 

Ephntomorpha  Inrida,  sp.  n. 

$.  Pallide  terruginBa;  aegmsnto  doraali  woimdo  fascia  in«diana 
l<»tgittidiiiAli  nigift,  Mgmentis  qninto  aextoqne  fuscis;  eegmento 
donali  aectmdo  macula  magna  ntrinque  fawiaqne  angnata  apioali, 
t«rtioqiie  macula  medianaalbopilons;  area  pjgiduJi  lat«  triangaUri, 
delkatisaime  punctata. 

Long.  5-6  mm. 

$.  Head  and  thorax  sparaely  clothed  with  pole  fulvompobeeoence; 
antonnal  tuberclee  fairiy  welt  developed,  leoond  joint  of  the  flagel- 
hun  very  little  longer  than  the  thiid  Eyea  round,  Btiongly  oonvex, 
roach  nearer  to  the  poateriot  maxpa  of  the  head  than  to  the  base 
of  the  mandibles.  Head  narrower  than  the  thorn,  strongly  rounded 
at  the  posterior  an^ce,  finely  and  closely  punctured.  Thorax  fully 
half  B8  long  again  as  the  greatest  breadth,  strongly  narrowed  poB- 
terioily,  the  apioal  margin  scarcely  more  than  half  as  wide  as  the 
baaal;  the  aat«rior  margin  feebly  arched,  not  quite  tranaverae, 
rugose,  more  coanely  at  the  apes  than  at  the  base,  the  posterior 
slope  coaisely  rugose.  Second  dorsal  segment  finely  longitudinally 
tnguloBe ;  fully  half  as  long  again  as  the  greatest  breadth,  the  sides 
very  feebly  convoi.  Sides  of  the  abdomen  thinly  clothed  with 
Itrog  fulTOOS  hairs  1  pygidial  area  broadly  triangular,  very  minutely 
pnnotored.     Hind  tibiae  with  one  row  of  four  spinea. 

Hob.  N.  Queensland,  Townsville  (F.  P.  Dodd),  Sep- 
tember. 

This  belongs  to  the  gronp  of  E.  dartoiniana,  Andi^,  and 
E.  eccerpla,  Tom.,  but  differs  from  both  in  colour;  from 
the  formei  in  the  more  strongly  narrowed  apical  portion 
of  the  thorax,  the  longer  second  abdominal  segment  and 
the  sculpture  of  the  pygidial  area;  from  the  latter  in  the 
more  graduaUy  narrowed  thorax  and  in  the  less  convex 
sides  of  the  second  abdominal  segment. 

Ephatomorpha  dlrarslpes,  sp.  n. 

$.  Nigra;  vertice  lat«,  front«  lugro  Intaminato,  thoraceque 
fermgineis ;  tubeiculis  antennalibus,  flagello  articulo  primo,  taraiaque 
pallide  testaceis;  segmeoto  doraali  primo  fascia  apicali  pallide 
hitea;  calcaribua  pollidis:  segmentis  dorsaibus  2-fi  fascia  mediana 
longitndinali  oontinua  albido  pilosa. 

j/»)tf  5  mm. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


56  Bfr.  B.  E.  Turner  <m  Sew  Species  <^ 

$.  Antennal  tnbercleB  wdl  devdoped,  roonded ;  Moond  joint  of 
the  flagellnin  distinctlj  longer  than  the  ttiiid.  Head  a  little 
narrower  than  the  thorax,  rounded  at  the  posterior  angle* ;  finrij 
and  closely  punctured  on  the  vertex,  more  deeply  but  not  so  cloaelj 
on  the  front.  Eyes  nearer  to  the  posterior  margin  of  the  head  tluD 
to  the  base  of  the  mandiblea,  round  and  etrraigly  convex.  Thorax 
a  little  le«s  than  half  as  long  again  as  the  greatest  breadth,  broadly 
rounded  on  the  anterior  margin,  slightly  narrowed  poateriorly. 
longitudinally  rugose  striate  on  the  basal  two-thirds,  coanely  mgoae 
on  the  apical  third;  the  posterior  dope  almost  vertioa],  coars^ 
rugose,  with  two  minute  lateral  teeth  close  to  the  basal  angjes. 
Second  donal  s^ment  findy  longitudln^y  rugose,  about  one-thiid 
longer  than  tJie  greatest  breadth,  the  sides  moderatdy  convex. 
Pygidial  area  very  nanowly  rounded  at  the  apei,  findy  iMigi- 
tudiually  striate  on  the  basal  half.  Hind  tibiae  with  two  rows  of 
four  rather  feeble  spines. 

Hab.  N.  Queensland,  Tow-nsville  {F.  P.  Dodd),  Novem- 
ber and  June. 

Near  E.  vittigera,  Aiidre.  a  variety  of  which  occurs  in 
October  in  the  same  locality.  It  differs  in  the  sculpture 
of  the  thorax,  which  does  not  run  into  striae  in  rilligera, 
in  the  absence  of  fulvous  hairs  on  the  thorax,  in  the  ferru- 
ginous colour  of  the  head  and  thorax,  in  the  feebler  spines 
of  the  hind  tibiae,  and  in  the  colour  of  the  tarsi ;  it  is  also 
a  smaller  species. 

Ephutomorplu  unlUnwto,  sp.  d. 
$.  Nigra;  capite  foaco-femiginco,  fronts  et  vertice  nigro  in- 
taminatis;  scapo  fusco;  flagello  infra  poUide  testaceo;  tborace 
rofo-ferrugineo,  brevi,  latitudine  vix  longiore;  segmento  dorsali 
prino  fascia  apicali  pallide  lutea;  segmentis  dorsalibus  2-^  fascia 
mediona  longitudinali  continua  albopilosa;  area  pygidiali  late 
triangulari,  longitudinaliter  striata;  calcaribus  pallidis. 

?.  Antennal  tubercles  rather  large,  with  a  low  transverse  carina 
between  them ;  second  joint  of  the  flagellum  short,  no  longer  than 
the  third.  Eyes  round,  strongly  convex,  situated  nearer  to  the 
bind  margin  of  the  head  than  to  the  base  of  the  mandiblea.  Head 
narrower  than  the  thorax,  broadly  rounded  posteriorly;  the  front 
rugose,  the  vertex  closely  punctured.  Thorax  closely  punctured 
rugose,  scarcely  longer  than  the  greatest  breadth,  slightly  narrowed 
from  the  middle  both  anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  the  anterior  margin 
straight,  the   posterior  slope   almost   vortical,  aballowly   nigoee. 


Ij.y.l.AjhyCOO'^lL' 


Hymenoptera  in  the  British  Museum.  57 

[deurae  almost  Hmooth.  First  dorsal  segment  short,  slightl^r 
depressed  below  the  second,  which  is  nearly  half  as  long  ag^n  as  its 
greatest  breadth,  finely  and  closely  ponctoied,  the  sides  somewhat 
coDTex.  The  sides  of  the  abdomen  sparsely  clothed  with  long 
-whit«  haira,  intettiperBed  with  black  near  the  apex.  Hind  tibiae 
wHh  two  rows  ot  four  spines. 

Hab.  S.  Queensland,  Briabane  (Hacker),  November. 

Allied  to  E.  argmteolineala,  Audr^,  but  may  be  die- 
tinguiahed  by  the  colour  of  the  legs,  the  difltinctly  stronger 
sculpture  of  the  head  and  thorax,  the  slightly  different 
shape  of  the  latter,  and  the  distinctly  longer  second 
abdominal  s^ment. 

Ephntomorpha  setlsen,  sp.  n. 

$.  Nigra;  tnberculis  antennalibns  pallide  t«Btaceis;  segmento 
doisali  primo  margine  apicali  patlide  tuleo ;  segmento  dorsali  secundo 
in  medio  longitodinaliter  late,  tertio,  quarto,  quintoque  in  medio, 
aextoque  basi  bninneo-ferragineis;  tareis  fusco-femigineis. 

Long.  6  mm. 

Q.  Clypeus  small  and  flat,  truncate  at  the  apex ;  antennal  tubenlea 
iftther  large,  second  joint  of  the  flagellum  a  little  longer  than  the 
thiid,  less  than  twice  as  long  as  the  first:  a  low  carina  from  the 
anteonal  tubercles  not  reaching  the  eyes.  Head  closely  and  rather 
strongly  punctured,  more  sparsely  on  the  front  than  on  the  vertex, 
sparsely  clothed  with  close  lying  fulvous  bristles,  interspersed  with 
which  are  a  few  long  black  hairs.  Eyes  round,  strongly  convex, 
aitnated  nearer  to  the  hind  margin  of  the  head  than  to  the  base  of 
the  mandibles ;  the  bead  ronnded  at  the  posterior  angles,  no  wider 
tban  the  thorax.  Thorax  granulate -rugose,  more  coarsely  pos- 
teriorly than  anteriorly,  nearly  half  as  long  again  as  broad,  the 
Bides  almost  smooth,  the  posterior  slope  finely  rugulose,  tiie  sides 
almost  parallel,  the  anterior  angles  rounded,  the  doisal  surface 
clothed  with  short  setae  as  the  head,  but  with  rather  more  numerous 
k>og  black  hairs.  Dorsal  segments  1-5  with  a  small  patch  of  sparse 
white  hairs  in  the  middle  of  the  apical  maigin;  second  segment  half 
as  long  again  as  the  greatest  breadth,  the  sides  convex,  closely  but 
not  very  coareely  punctured,  the  punctures  confluent  longitudinally. 
Pygidial  area  triangular,  finely  longitudinally  striated,  the  striae 
not  reaching  the  apex.  Base  of  the  abdomen  with  long  whitish 
hairs,  the  hairs  on  the  sides  of  the  abdomen  whitish  near  the  base, 
mostly  black  near  the  apex.    Hind  tibiae  with  two  rows  of  four 

Hab.  S.  Queensland,  Brisbane  (Hacker),  November. 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


58  Mr.  R.  E.  Turner  on  New  Spedes  o§ 

Family  THYNNIDAE. 
Zas^thynnas  strittUroiu,  sp.  d. 
(J.  Niger;  mandibnlia,  apice  excepto,  dypeo  macula  BubapkwU 
fnaca  vtiinqae,  otbitk,  macula  srcuata  inter  antemiae,  pronoto 
ma^ifie  antico,  ptapleuu,  pronoto  mvgine  postico,  tegolis,  meso- 
□oto  macola  magna  quadrat*  postice,  meeopleuris  antice  et  maculA 
magna  postice,  sontello  fascia  latiwima,  poatice  sd  apicem  productA, 
scat«Ui  angulis  anticis,  postecatello,  Bcgmento  mediano  fascia  lata, 
longitudinali  ]at«ribiisc[ae,  Begmentjs  donialibiia  1-6,  ventnlibtu 
2-4  fascia  tronsveTsa  anguate  inteirupta,  s^mento  primo  ventrali 
macula  mediana,  ooxisqne  sabtus  flavis;  aegmento  donali  sexto 
apice,  eeptimoqne,  ventralibus  sexto  septimoque  pedibosque 
fecTugineis ;  alia  aubbjralimB,  venis  feimgineis. 

$.  Nigra;  capite  femigineo,  pedibus  bnmneo-ferragineis,  femori- 
bus  nigro-maculatii;  Bt«mo,  segmentiaqne  ventralibna  aecimdo 
tortioque  brunneis;  piotborace  postice  nigro-marginato,  ecuteUo, 
poatscutello,  aegmento  mediano  lateribus,  segmentia  doisalibus 
1-3  fascia  transveiBa  undulata,  segmentoqae  dorsafi  quarto  faaoia 
tranaversa  interrupta  flavis ;  pygidio  fusco. 
Long.  5,  15  mm;  $.  13  mm. 

(J.  0ypeas  pointed  and  prominent  at  the  base  and  connected 
by  a  short  carina  with  the  interant«nnal  prominence,  very  broadly 
truncate  at  the  apex,  the  apical  angles  itot  prookinent,  Btiongly 
longitmliaally  atriated.  Interant«nnal  prominence  very  broadly 
triangular,  a  low  longitudinal  carina  from  the  apex  reaching  more 
than  half-way  to  the  anterior  ocellus.  Front  rogosel;  punctured, 
irregularly  rugose  striato  above  the  base  of  the  antennae;  vertex 
more  epusely  punctured.  Antennae  abont  as  long  as  the  thorax 
and  median  segment  combined ;  pronotum  rather  sparsely  and  finely 
punctured,  with  a  shallow  shining  groove  behind  the  slightly  raised 
anterior  margin  j  meoonotum  very  cloeely  punctured  between  the 
deep  parapsidal  furrows,  but  much  more  sparsely  in  the  middle. 
Scutellum  very  broadly  rounded  at  the  apex,  subtruncate,  rather 
closely  punctured ;  median  segment  oblique  from  the  postscnlellum, 
finely  rugulose,  the  middle  rather  sparsely  punctured.  Abdomen 
somewhat  elongate,  the  basal  dorsal  segment  oblique  anteriorly, 
■B  broad  at  the  apex  as  the  second  segment,  all  the  segments  rather 
sparsely  punctured  and  not  constricted;  sixth  rential  segment 
with  a  spine  on  each  side  at  the  apical  angles;  seventh  dorsal 
segment  produced  into  a  broad  flattened  lamella,  longitndirmlly 
striated  and  veiy  broadly  rounded  at  the  apex.  Hypopygium 
obliquely  striated  above,  subtriangular,  broad  at  the  base  with  a 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


Btftnaioplera  in  the  British  Museum.  59 

distinct  apine  on  each  side  at  the  basal  angles,  narrowly  tounded  at 
the  apex.  Maxillae  with  a  few  long  liain  at  the  base  beneath. 
Wings  sparsely  clothed  with  very  short  hairs,  third  abscissa  of  the 
radius  mnch  longer  than  the  second,  first  recurrent  nervure  reoeived 
a  little  beyond  two-thiids  from  the  base  of  the  second  cubital  cell, 
second  a  tittle  before  one-third  from  the  base  of  the  second  cubital 
celt. 

?.  MandibJea  acute  at  the  apex;  clypeus  punctured,  without  a 
carina,  truncat*  at  the  apex.  Front  with  a  large  concave  area  on 
each  side  touching  the  inner  margin  of  the  eye  and  extending  nearly 
*to  the  vertex,  smooth  and  sliining ;  the  ridge  between  the  depressions 
not  quite  as  wide  aa  one  of  them,  smooth  and  shining,  with  a  median 
longitudinal  sulcoB  and  with  a  few  punoturee  on  the  sides ;  vertex 
shining,  with  a  few  scattered  punctnrea.  Head  ucarly  twice  as 
broad  as  long,  rounded  at  the  posterior  angles.  Pronotum  broader 
tlian  the  head,  the  anterior  margin  straight,  slightly  narrowed 
posteriorly,  the  liind  margin  broadly  arched,  twice  as  broad  anteriorly 
as  long,  shaltowly  punctured,  with  a  few  large  setigerous  punctnr«a 
on  the  anterior  margin.  Scutellum  smooth  and  shining,  broadly 
truncate  at  the  apex;  poBtscutellam  plainly  visible,  transverse. 
Median  segment  very  short,  the  dorsal  surface  scarcely  half  as  long 
aa  the  scutellnm,  widened  from  the  base,  almost  vertically  truncate 
posteriorly,  the  dorsal  surface  smooth  and  shining,  the  face  of  the 
Inmcation  microscopically  punctured.  Dorsal  surface  of  the 
abdomen  shining,  with  a  few  scattered  punctures;  first  s^ment 
^most  vertically  truncate  anteriorly,  witb  a  deep  groove  close  to  the 
apical  margin  and  a  few  indistinct,  short,  transverse  striae  close  to 
the  apical  angles ;  second  segment  with  numerous  transverse  striae, 
which  gradually  increase  in  height  from  the  base  to  the  apex,  the 
hssal  striae  strongly  curved,  those  at  the  apex  straight.  Vential 
segments  coamely,  but  not  veiy  closely,  punctured ;  the  fifth  seg- 
ment coarsely  longitudinally  striated.  Pygidium  narrow,  trans- 
versely striated  at  the  base,  vertically  truncate  posteriorly,  strongly 
compressed  before  the  truncation,  the  dorsal  plate  of  the  truncation 
narrowly  rounded  at  the  base,  broadly  rounded  at  the  apex,  with 
about  ten  arched  striae,  longer  than  the  greatest  breadth,  scarcely 
reaching  beyond  the  middle  of  the  truncation;  the  ventral  plate 
rather  broadly  truncate  at  the  apex,  finely,  but  distinctly  serrate 
at  the  sides.  Basal  joint  of  intermediate  tarsi  rather  broad,  with  six 
*tout  spines  on  the  outer  maigin. 

li(d>.  Queensland,    Stradbroke    Island,    Moreton    Bay 
(ff.  Hacker),  September  17,  1915. 
Thifl  is   intermediate   between   Thynnus   and   Zasjnlo- 


ih,  Google 


60  Mr.  R.  E.  Turner  an  New  Speciet  <^ 

thynnus,  and  perhaps  might  be  placed  in  the  fonner  g«nUB. 
The  nearest  ally  seems  to  be  Tkymnts  britbanensis,  Turn., 
but  it  is  aiso  very  near  Zaspilotkipmns  rufolvteus.  Turn. 
It  differs  from  brisbanensts  in  the  form  of  the  hypopygiiim, 
in  the  more  oblique  median  segment,  and  in  the  less  trun- 
cate first  dorsal  segment,  also  in  the  colour  of  the  legs  and 
apical  abdominal  segments.  The  distinct  post^cutellum 
of  the  female  is  remarkable. 


Family  SCOLIIDAE. 

Stibfamilr  ELIDINAB. 

Elis  (Heu)  nursel.  Turn. 

Plesia  nursei,  Turn.,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8),  iii, 

p.  480,  1909,  (J. 
Elis  (Mesa)  nursei.  Turn,,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London,  p.  721, 
1912,  cj- 

$.  Nigra,  capita  thoraceque  cntsse,  abdomine  Bparee  panctatis, 
pygidio  loDgitudinaliter  rugose  etriato,  alls  hyalinis,  vends  pallide 
tefitaceiB ;  tegulis  teataceis,  calcaribus  albidis. 

Long.  13  mm. 

$.  Clypeus  with  a  low  carina,  strongly  punctured,  tlie  ^ueal 
margin  smooth  and  transverse.  Head  coarsely  punctoied,  the 
punctures  on  the  front  more  or  less  confluent;  scape  smooth  and 
shining  above,  with  a  few  strong  piliferooa  punctures  beneath; 
pronotum  coarsely  punctured,  mesonotnm  and  scutellum  rather 
more  sxHirsely  punctured,  the  parapeldal  furrows  very  distinct. 
Median  segment  more  finely  punctured,  not  margined  poaterioriy, 
the  posterior  slope  rugulose,  two  convergent  longitudinal  corinae 
from  the  base  close  to  the  middle  of  the  median  segment.  Abdomen 
rather  sparsely  and  shallowly  punctured,  the  punctorefl  latber 
large;  sixth  dorsal  segment  longitudinally  rugose -striate,  narrowly 
rounded  at  the  apex.  Basal  joint  of  the  hind  tarsi  with  a  row  of 
close  set  hairs  beneath.  Second  abscissa  of  the  radius  veiy  Uttle 
shorter  than  the  third,  first  recurrent  nervure  received  just  before 
the  middle  of  the  second  cubital  cell,  second  just  before  three- 
quarters  from  the  base  of  the  third  cubital  cell. 

Hab.  Simla  {Nurse).  September. 

This  is  nearest  to  li.  usltdata,  Turn.,  but  the  sculpture 
is  much  coarser  and  the  sixth  dorsal  segment  much  more 
narrowly  rounded  than  in  that  species.    E.  nursei  $  was 


n,g,i,.eih,.G00glc 


Bymeno^era  in  the  British  Museum.  61 

identified  by  Cameron  for  Colonel  Nurse  as  anthradna, 
Sm.;  but,  as  I  liave  pointed  out  in  other  papers,  that 
insect  is  an  Anthcbcaca  and  is  Australian ;  not  Indian,  as 
stated  by  Smith  and  Bingham. 

Elis  (Hesa)  heteroehroa,  sp.  n. 

$.  Fusoo-fermginea ;  mandibuliB  apice,  flagello,  pleuris,  St«nio, 
Gozia  poatioii  snbtiu,  segmento  ntediano,  segmento  Tentrali  primo, 
ugmeittisqiie  doraalibtu  1-4  margine  apicali  late  nigris;  calcaiibuB 
albidis;  alis  pallide  flaTO-hyalinia,  venia  fuBcia;  segmento  doreali 
texto  loQgitudinalitei  etrkto,  apice  truncato. 

3.  Niger;  clypeo  apice,  maiidibnlia  apice  excepto,  maonla 
tiansversa  atrinque  inter  antenuaa,  pronoto  macula  transveraa 
mediana,  tegulis  basi,  segmentis  dorsalibus  1-6  fascia  angusta  apioali 
lateribus  dilatata,  in  medio  angusto  intemipta,  segmentis  ventra- 
libni  2-6  macula  porva  apicali  ntrinque,  coxis  subtus,  femoribos 
uitioii  poBticisqne  subtus  et  spice,  intermediis  apice,  tibiis  anticia 
intennediisque  supra,  posticis  basi,  tarsisqoe  hie  illio  infoscatia, 
flavis;  alia  hyalinis,  stigmate  venisqne  nigris. 

Long.  $,  18  mm;  3,  17  mm. 

$.  Clypeus  sparsely  but  rather  strongly  punctured,  with  a  low 
median  carina  which  does  not  reach  the  broadly  truncated  apex. 
Head  coarsely  and  closely  punctured,  more  sparsely  on  the  vertex 
than  on  the  front,  antennal  tubercles  well  defined.  Scape  smooth 
above,  beneath  punctured,  with  long  pale  fulvous  setae  towards 
lite  apex.  Pronatum  coarsely  and  closely  punctured,  subcarinate 
longitudiiiallj  in  the  middle;  acutellum  and  mesouotum  rather 
more  sparaely  punctured;  pleurae  more  finely  and  shollowly 
punctured.  Median  segment  subopaqae,  with  a  longitadinal 
impressed  line  on  the  dorsal  surface,  the  puncturation  sh^ow  and 
obscnie,  finer  at  the  base  than  at  the  apex,  the  posterior  slope 
■hallowly  punctured- rugolose,  the  sides  of  the  segment  very  finely 
and  closely  striated  and  clothed  with  short  white  pabescence.  Abdo- 
men shining,  sparsely  punctured,  more  closely  on  the  fourth  and  lif  th 
than  on  the  basal  segments,  ventral  segments  more  coarsely  punctured 
than  the  dorsaL  Sixth  dorsal  segment  closely  longitudinally  striated, 
the  apical  ■"a.pgin  broadly  smooth  and  rather  broadly  tnmcate  at 
the  apex.  Second  abscissa  of  the  radius  as  long  as  the  third,  first 
nciirrent  nervure  received  close  to  the  middle  of  the  second  cubital 
ceil,  second  jost  before  two-thirds  from  the  base  of  the  third  cubital 
cell.  Basal  joint  of  the  hind  tarsi  with  a  close  row  of  bairs  l>eneath 
mingled  with  a  few  spines. 

j.  Clypena  finely  punctured,  clothed   with  white  pubescence, 


u„,,i,A  J..,  Google 


62  Mr.  R.  E.  Turner  on  New  Speaes  cf 

slightl;  convex,  aubcorinate  longitudinally  at  the  base.  later- 
anteanal  prominenoe  bilobed ;  the  front  rugose,  the  vertex  punctond. 
Head  much  broader  than  the  thorax  i  rounded  at  the  poBterior 
angles;  the  posterior  ocelli  further  from  the  ejee  than  from  each 
other;  antennae  about  as  long  as  the  head,  thorax  and  median 
segment  combined.  Thorax  punctured,  more  finelj  and  aparaelr 
on  the  ecutellum  than  elsewhere,  mesopleurae  finely  rugose;  pro- 
notum  shorter  than  the  mesonotum,  the  anterior  margin  straight, 
the  angles  not  prominent.  Median  segment  closelj  and  strongly 
punctured.  First  abdominal  segment  long;  the  petiole  occupying 
rather  more  than  the  basal  third  of  the  segment,  rather  short«T  than 
the  baaal  joint  of  the  hind  tarai;  the  apical  portion  moderately 
swollen,  the  extreme  apex  a  little  constricted;  second  segment 
flcaicely  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  first,  broadened  from  the  baae, 
longer  than  the  apical  breadth ;  third  segment  a  little  broader  than 
long;  basal  segment  smooth  and  shining,  the  remaining  segments 
gradually  becoming  more  strongly  punctured;  the  punctures  on 
the  sixth  dorsal  segment  large  but  rather  sparse ;  seventh  segment 
smooth  at  the  base,  with  a  few  large  punctniw  before  the  apex,  the 
apical  emargination  narrow,  a  little  deeper  than  its  apical  breadth. 
Second  abscissa  of  the  radius  about  equal  to  the  third. 

Sab.  Nyasaland,  Mlanje  (S.  A.  Neave),  December  to 
June. 

The  female  is  very  near  E.  h^erogamia,  Sauss.,  which 
0CCUI8  in  the  same  district,  and  may  prove  to  be  only  a 
variety  of  that  species,  but  the  difference  in  the  colour 
of  the  legs  and  abdomen  seems  to  be  constant.  The  nine 
females  in  the  collection  were  taken  from  January  to  June, 
seven  of  them  in  February,  specimens  of  heterogamia  being 
taken  from  December  to  June.  The  male  has  the  fiist 
abdominal  segment  distinctly  more  elongate  than  in 
davata,  Sauss.,  and  the  colour  of  the  nervures  is  dilTeient. 
In  some  specimens  of  the  male  the  clypeus  is  wholly  black, 
and  in  some  the  yellow  mark  on  the  pronotum  shows  a 
tendency  to  disappear. 

Ells  (Hesa)  erythropoda,  Turn. 

Plesia  {Mesa)  en/lhropoda.  Turn.,  Ann.  and  Mag,  Nat. 
Hist.  (8),  i,  p.  505,  1908,  $. 
The  type  was  from  Lake  Ngami.  Ulr.  Neave  has  sent 
a  series  of  the  female  from  Mlanje,  taken  from  January  to 
May.  In  these  specimens  the  head  is  more  sparsely 
pimctured  than  in  the   type. 


ih,Cooi^lc 


Bj/meaoptera  in  the  British  Museum.  63 

Elis  (He»)  arnoldl,  sp.  n. 

$.  Nigra;  nuuidifatilis  dimidio  apicoli  fusco-fernigineiB ;  fla^^o 
sabtua  fuaco ;  pronolo  propleurisqoe  rufis ;  calcariboB  albidia ; 
nnguicnlia  pollide  tefitBceia ;  alia  hyalinis,  venia  fuacia. 

Long.  9  mm. 

$.  ClfpeuB  subcarinate  langitudinallj  in  the  middle,  the  apical 
margin  tranareiae  and  slightly  depressed.  Front  oloeelj  and 
atrongly,  vertex  and  pronotam  leaa  closely  punctured;  mesonotum 
and  scutellum  eparaely  ponctured.  Propleotae  sparsely,  meeo- 
pleurae  very  doaely  and  atrongly  punctured;  median  eegmeat 
more  finely  and  veiy  closely  punctured,  with  the  usual  Bhallow, 
margined,  longitudinal  groove  from  the  base,  the  sides  of  the  segment 
fiitely  and  closely  striated.  Abdomen  rather  closely  and  shallowly 
punctured  on  the  dorsal  surface ;  the  ventral  surface  more  finely 
and  closely  punctured  at  the  base  of  the  segments,  the  grooTe  be- 
tween the  two  basal  ventral  segments  very  deep  as  in  other  species 
of  the  genus.  Sixth  dorsal  segment  closely  punctured  at  the  base, 
the  punctures  towaide  the  apex  intermingled  with  fine  longitudinal 
striae,  the  apical  ma^in  broadly  smooth  and  pale  t«Btaeeous,  broadly 
rounded  at  the  apex.  Third  abscissa  of  the  radios  twice  as  long  as 
the  second,  recurrent  nervures  received  distinctly  beyond  the  middle 
of  the  second  and  thiid  cubital  cells.  Basal  joint  of  the  hind  tarsi 
with  a  Bcopa  of  fine  whitish  hairs  beneath. 

Hab.  8.  Rhodesia,  Buluwayo  {G.  Amdd),  March. 

In  colour  this  species  somewhat  resembles  Anlhobosca 
erythronota.  Cam.,  but  is  generically  distmct.  The  sculpture 
of  the  sixth  doiBal  segment  separates  it  from  all  other 
African  species  of  Elis,  the  segment  being  nearly  always 
striated;  in  E.  ■peringueyi,  Sauss.,  in  which  it  is  punctured, 
the  punctures  are  very  coarse  and  sparse. 

Pteiombius  wiUiamsl,  sp.  n. 

$.  Niger;  mandibulis  ferrugineis;  abdomine  aegmentis  tertio 
qnartoqne  apice  lateribusque,,  quinto,  sexto  septimoque  omnino 
mfo-femigineis ;  alia  hyalinis,  venis  nigris. 

Long.  7  mm. 

3-  Head  shining,  sparsely  and  rather  finely  punctured ;  antennal 
tubercles  well  defined,  fonnuig  short  longitudinal  carinae.  Jlan- 
diblea  bidentate  at  the  apex;  labrum  transverse,  with  an  apioal 
fringe  of  hairs.  Fronotum  distinctly  longer  than  the  mesonotum, 
tbe  anterior  ma^in  distinctly  raised,  rather  sparsely  punctured; 
mesonotum  rather  more  strongly  punctured ;  scutellum  as  long  as 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


64  Mr.  R.  E.  Turner  on  New  Species  of 

the  meaonotum;  median  segment  very  coaraelj  rngoee,  the  ddea 
finely  and  closely  striated.  Abdomen  smooth  and  shining,  petiolate ; 
the  fint  segment  u  long  u  the  second  and  third  combined,  Tciy 
nanow  at  the  baae,  the  apical  half  moderately  swollen  and  slightly 
constricted  at  the  apex ;  the  second  segment  twice  aa  broad  at  the 
apex  aa  at  the  base ;  the  recurved  apical  spine  of  the  bypopygiom 
rather  shorL  First  tecmrent  nervure  received  just  before  one- 
quarter  from  the  base  of  the  second  cubital  cell,  wcond  just  beforv 
one-third  from  the  base  of  the  third  cubital  celL  Third  ahscioaa 
of  the  radios  as  long  as  the  second  and  first  combined,  second  folly 
twice  as  long  as  the  first. 

Hob.  British  Guiana,  Bartica  (C  B.  Williams), 
September. 

This  is  distinguished  from  other  known  males  of  the 
geuus  by  the  black  basal  and  led  apical  segments  of  the 
abdomen;  the  anterior  margin  of  the  pronotura  is  raised, 
which  is  not  the  case  in  tflabricollis,  DUcke,  or  confusus,  Sm. 


Family  PSAMMOCHARIDAE. 

The  two  following  species  belong  to  the  wide-ranging 
genus  Episyron,  in  which  the  tarsal  ungues  are  bifid  in 
both  sexes,  the  cubitus  of  the  hindwing  originating  just 
before  the  transverse  median  nervure,  the  third  cubital 
cell  much  shorter  than  the  second  and  strongly  narrowed 
on  the  radius,  the  first  dorsal  segment  clothed  more  or  leae 
densely  with  scale-like  hairs,  and  the  male  antennae  rather 
slender,  with  the  ioints  not  arcuate  beneath.  The  labrum 
is  sUghtly  exposed. 

1.  Episyron  hpldohlrtus,  Turn. 

Anoplius  (Episyron)  lepidohirtus,  Turn.,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc. 
London,  p.' 331,  1910,  2  (J. 

This  is  a  true  Episyron,  nearly  related  to  the  European 
P.  Tufipes,  the  type  of  the  genus.  It  is  very  closely  related 
to  the  New  Guinea  species  E.  papuensis,  Sm. 

Hub.  N.  Queensland,  Mackay  to  Cooktown. 

2.  Episyron  kurandensls,  Turn. 

AnopUus  (Episyron)  kurandensis,  Turn.,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc. 
London,  p.  333,  1910,?. 


ih,Cooi^lc 


Hymenoplera  in  the  Briiiah  Museum.  66 

The  Bcale-like  haiis  on  the  Bist  dorsal  segment  are  not 
very  stronglj'  developed  in  this  species. 
Aa6.  N.  QuEENSLAin),  Kuranda. 

Genus  Psahmochabes,  lAtr. 

The  Anstralian  species  still  included  in  this  genns  fall 
into  several  eections,  which  will  doubtless  eventually  be 
raised  to  generic  rank ;  but  I  consider  it  best  to  wait  until 
a  more  comprehensive  revision  is  possible,  in  the  meantime 
defining  certun  groups  of  related  species.  One  of  these 
groups,  somewhat  allied  to  Batozonus,  Ashm.,  and  Episyron, 
8chiodte,  has  the  tarsal  ungues  of  both  sexes  bifid  as  in  the 
latter  genus,  but  has  the  joints  of  the  fl^ellum  in  the  male 
strongly  arcuate  beneath  as  in  Balozonut,  though  shorter 
than  in  that  genus,  and  diSers  from  both  in  having  the 
cubitus  of  the  hindwing  interstitial  with  the  transverse 
median  nervure.  The  median  segment  of  the  female  is 
truncate  at  the  apex  and  more  or  less  emarginate,  with  a 
distbct  median  sulcus  on  the  dorsal  surface ;  and  the  third 
cubital  cell  is  much  narrowed  on  the  radius.  The  sexual 
dimorphism  in  the  group  is  great,  much  greater  than  in 
Episyron,  though  less  than  in  Balozonus.  The  species 
included  are — 

I.  ftammoehares  eonsimlUs,  Sm. 

Pompilus  consimUis,  Sm.,  Descr.  new  speues  Hymen., 
p.  152,  1879,  ?. 

?.  Nigra;  front©,  vertice,  pronotoqne  pilis  breviHSimia  auran- 
tiacis,  eabeqasmo«is,  etratis,  dense  obtectia;  poatscatella  macula 
utrinqnfl  aegmentoque  mediano  angolis  posticia  albo-pUosts;  seg- 
m«ntu  dorsaliboB  2-3  fascia  transversa  grisea  utrinque ;  alis  fosots, 
apice  obBcurioribns,  veoia  fuscis. 

iJ.  Niger;  antennis  fusco-femigineia,  scapo  supra  infuscato, 
■^mento  dorsali  aexto  albido;  s^pnenlo  mediano  angolia  posticis 
aJbo-piloHis ;  fronts,  pronoto,  scgmentis  doisalibos  1-3  fascia  lata 
b«sali,  qoarto  quintoque  omnino  griseo-pubesoentibua;  alls  fusco- 
hjalinis,  apice  obscarioribus. 

Long.  ?,  14  mm ;   ,J,  12  mm. 

9.  Clypeoa  widely  but  vny  shallowly  emarginate  at  the  apex, 
the  Ulmtm  exposed.  Head  somewhat  flattened,  the  posterior  ocelli 
Deariy  twice  aa  fat  from  each  other  as  from  the  hind  margin  of  the 
head.    Second  joint  of  the  flagellum  lees  than  half  as  long  again  as 

TBAlfS.  ENT.  80C.  LOND.  1917. — PART  I.      (NOV.)  F 


iM:,i,A  J  h,  Google 


66  Mr.  R.  E.  Turner  on  Nea  Speciea  cf 

the  third.  Pronatum  aiched  poeteriorly,  not  angnlaUt,  almcwt  m 
long  &B  the  mesonotam ;  gcutellum  depraoed  ftt  the  sideft.  Mediao 
segment  looger  than  the  meaonotum,  Tith  a  distiiict  median  aulcoa. 
rather  Btrongly  emarginate  at  the  apei,  the  apical  alape  almost 
verticaL  Second  ventral  Kgment  convex,  pygidium  smooth. 
Basal  joint  of  the  fore  tarsi  with  four  short  spines,  all  the  ungoM 
bifid    Third  cubital  cell  pointed  on  the  radius,  subpetiolate. 

cf.  Cljpeus  broadly  and  shallowly  emarginate,  the  labniin  ex- 
posed. Head  flatt«ned,  the  front  subcarinate  longitadinallj'  from 
the  anterior  ocellus  but  grooved  on  the  lower  part  towards  the  base 
of  the  antennae,  the  posterior  ocelli  very  near  Uie  hind  margin  of  the 
bead ;  antennae  stout,  tapering  towards  the  apex,  very  little  longer 
than  the  thorax  and  median  segment  combined,  fifth  to  eleventh 
joints  of  the  flageUum  strongly  arcuate  beneath.  Hind  margin  of 
the  pronotum  with  a  distinct  angle  in  the  middle.  Median  aegmcnt 
without  a  distinct  sulcus,  the  apical  slope  less  abrupt  than  in  the 
female  and  leas  deeply  emarginate.  First  abdominal  segment  long, 
second  ventral  segment  convex,  with  a  distinct,  though  ahallow, 
transverse  impressed  line  near  the  base.  Third  cubital  cell  not  quit« 
pointed  on  the  radius,  but  the  third  abscissa  of  the  radius  is  ex- 
tremely short.  All  the  tarsal  ungues  bifid.  The  distanoe  between 
the  base  of  the  mandibles  and  the  eyes  is  considerable. 

H(A.  Queensland,  Mackay  iJ'uTner),  March ;  Brisbane, 
{Hncker),  January  and  February. 

The  naale  has  not  been  previously  described ;  the  descrip- 
tion is  taken  from  two  Mackay  specimens;  the  specimen 
from  Brisbane  is  without  the  transverse  groove  near  the 
base  of  the  second  ventral  segment,  but  does  not  differ 
otherwise.  The  female  shows  no  trace  of  such  a  groove, 
the  presence  of  which  in  males  is  most  remarkable.  The 
female  has  a  strong  superficial  resemblance  to  Paammo- 
chares  frontalis,  Fabr.,  which  belonj^s  to  another  section 
of  the  genus  and  has  the  tarsal  ungues  unidentate,  not 
bifid. 

2.  Pummoohares  doddl,  Turn. 

Anoplius  doddi,  Turn.,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London,  p.  328, 
1910,  ?. 
j.  Niger;  fiagello  articults  secundo  tertioque  subtus  fulvis; 
olypeo  macula  magna  utnnqoe,  pronoto  maipne  poateriore,  aeg- 
mento  dorsaU  tertio  fascia  bssall  intemipta,  segmento  dorsali 
septimo,  calcariis,  tibiisque  posticis  supra  albido  flavia;  alis  hyalinia, 
fascia  apioali  fusca,  extiemoapice  hyalinis.    Vor.  a 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


BymeKOptera  in  the  British  Muwum.  67 

Mignlni  afHCAlibos,  aegmoitoqae  secimdo  donali  dmcuIa  baaaii 
ntrinqne  flftTiB. 

Long.  S-d  mm. 

^.  ClypooB  tnmcftte  at  the  ftpex,  the  Ubrum  expoeed.  Fomth 
to  eloTentb  joints  of  the  flagellum  strongly  uciute  beneath;  eyM 
only  narrowly  sepuated  from  the  base  of  the  mandibles.  Head 
aomewhst  flattened,  the  posterior  ocelli  very  near  the  hind  margin 
of  the  head.  Hind  margin  of  the  pronotum  strongly  aiohed,  not 
uigulate.  Median  segment  with  a  distinct  longitudinal  sulcus, 
shorter  than  the  mesonotum,  steeply  sloped  posteriorly,  but  not 
abruptly  truncate,  with  patches  of  white  pubescence  at  the  apical 
angles.  First  dorsal  segment  rather  densely  clothed  with  scale-like 
hairs,  as  in  the  genus  Epitf/ron,  fourth,  fifth  and  sixth  segments 
covered  with  grey  pubescence;  second  ventral  segment  convex, 
aerenth  with  a  longitudinal  carina.  Third  abscissa  of  the  radius 
about  h^  aa  long  as  the  second. 

ffofc.  Queensland,  Townaville  {Dodd) ;  Mackay  (Turner), 
January  to  March ;  Brisbane  and  Stradbrolce  Island 
(Hacker),  October  to  February;  Northern  Territoby, 
Alexandria  [Stalker),  January ;  Hermannsbui^  (Hillier), 
April. 

Tbe  female  iaeasily  distinguished  by  the  fasciate  forewings. 

The  following  species  are  very  closely  allied  to  Episyron, 
bat  differ  in  having  tbe  third  cubital  eel)  much  larger  than 
the  second  and  the  cubitus  of  the  hindwing  in  most  speci- 
mens interstitial  with  the  trans verae  median  nervure. 
The  forewings  are  crossed  by  two  fuscous  fasciae.  They 
form  a  generic  group. 

1.  Piammoetiues  limpldns.  Turn. 
Anoplius  [Episyron)  limpidva.  Turn.,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc. 
London,  p.  332,  1910,  ?^. 
This  is  not  a  true  Epiayron,  and  pending  a  revision, 
most  be  retained  in  Vsamrnochares. 
Hah.  N.  Queensland,  Euranda. 

2.  Runmoehtru  mulrl,  sp.  n. 

$.  Nigra  1  mandibulia  basi,  clypeo  dimidio  apicali,  scapo,  pionoto 
margine  postioo,  pedibusque  anticis  brunnoo-ferrugineiB ;  flsgello 
snbtns,  t«giilisque  fnsco-ferrugineis ;  alis  byalinis,  antioia  fusco 
bifaactatiB. 

Long.  8  mm. 

$.  ClypeuB  transverse  at  the  apex,  clothed  with  delicate  white 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


68  Mr.  R.  E.  Turner  on  Neu>  Species  of 

pnbeaoenae,  microKopically  panctured,  with  a  veij  ap&ise  traiu- 
Tene  row  ol  large  puooturea  neat  the  middle,  from  each  of  which 
Hprings  a  long  bUok  hur.  Eyes  diatinctlj  diveigent  towards  the 
clypeUB ;  the  posterior  ocelli  as  far  from  each  other  as  from  the  eyea ; 
a  distinct  frontal  Boloue  reaching  the  anterior  ocellua.  Antennae 
slender,  the  second  joint  of  the  flagellum  as  long  as  the  fiist  snd  third 
oombined.  Pronotnm  strongly  arched  posteriorly,  not  angulate 
in  the  middle;  aontellnm  nthet  strongly  compressed  laterally, 
the  dorsal  surface  small.  Dorsal  sutfoce  of  the  median  s^ment 
shorter  than  the  scut«lliiffl,  much  broader  than  long,  without  a 
median  sulcus;  the  posterior  slope  oblique  and  clothed  with  short 
whitish  pubeecence.  Abdomen  opaque,  the  basal  dorsal  segment 
clothed  with  greyish  soale-like  hairs;  uzth  doisal  segment  finely 
punctured  and  sparsely  clothed  with  long  fuscous  hairs,  elongate 
triangular;  second  ventral  segment  strongly  convex.  Third 
abscissa  of  the  radius  longer  than  the  second,  as  long  as  the  second 
transverse  cubital  nervure,  the  cubital  margin  of  the  third  cubital 
cell  half  as  long  again  as  that  of  the  second ;  first  recurrent  nervure 
received  at  two-thirds  from  the  base  of  the  second  cubital  cell, 
seoond  just  beyond  the  middle  of  the  third  cubital  celL  Cubitus  of 
the  hindwing  interstitiaL  Fore  tarsi  very  feebly  spined,  the  basal 
joint  with  three  short  spines ;  hind  tibiae  feebly  spinose.  The  basal 
fascia  of  the  forewing  is  not  very  broad  and  is  situated  on  the  outer 
side  of  the  basal  nervuie,  not  reachirkg  the  costa;  the  second  (asci» 
veiy  broad,  crossing  the  wing,  and  occupying  the  whole  of  the  radial 
and  second  and  third  cubital  cells. 

Hab.  Ahboinj  {F.  Muir),  October. 

Easily  dUtingiiisheii  from  limpidus  by  the  colour  of  the 
antennae  and  legs,  but  very  close  in  structure. 

Another  group  has  the  tarsal  ungues  unidentate  in  both 
sexes;  the  joints  of  the  Sagellum  iu  the  male  not  arcuate 
beneath;  the  second  cubital  cell  always  longer  than  the 
third  on  the  radius,  though  not  always  on  the  cubitus ;  the 
median  segment  with  a  sulcus,  usually  strongly  developed 
from  base  to  apex;  and  the  fore  tarsi  of  the  female  in  most 
species  strongly  spinose.  The  species  are  all  black,  with 
white  or  grey  pubescence,  rarely  with  orange  close-lying 
hairs  on  the  pronotum.    To  this  section  belong — 

1.  hammoohares  senex.  Turn. 
Anopliu3  senex.  Turn.,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London,  p.  327, 
1910,  $. 
Hab.  Victoria. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Hymenoptera  in  the  Brituk  Mttaeum.  69 

2.  FsanunoehftTM  itevoi,  Tuid. 

Anoplius  atamia.  Turn.,  Proc.  Zool,  Soc.  London,  p.  326, 
1910,  9. 
Sab.  N.W.  AUSTRAUA. 

3.  hammoohares  ahrlnuuies,  Turn. 

Anoplitts  ahrimanea.  Turn.,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London,  p.  326, 
1910,  9. 
H<A.  N.  QUEENSLAMD. 

4.  fsunmoflbaies  pinto,  sp.  n. 

$.  Nign;  alie  nigro-vioUcetB ;  Bagello  aubtns  taaoo;  nnguioolia 
nnidentatia. 

(f.  Feminae  Bimillimag;  scapo  mbtus  bnmeo,  orbitia  intemis 
angnato  SA-ria ;  ongiiiotiUB  nmdentetiB. 

Lcmg.  ?,  17  mm.;  J,  14  taat. 

$.  Clfpens  broadly  tnmcate  at  the  apex,  the  labnim  Dot  exposed ; 
second  joiut  of  the  flagellum  as  long  as  the  first  and  thiid  oombined, 
the  third  distinctly  longer  tbaa  the  fourth.  Eyes  slightly  divergent 
towards  the  clypeos,  separated  on  the  vertex  by  a  distance  equal 
to  the  length  of  the  third  joint  of  the  flagellum.  Fronotum  shorter 
than  the  mesonotum,  the  posterior  margin  broadly  arched,  withont 
a  distinct  angle;  scutellom  narrowly  truncate  at  the  apex.  Median 
segment  broader  than  long,  without  tubercles,  rounded  at  the 
posterior  angles,  gradually  sloped  posteriorly,  with  a  deep  median 
sulcus  from  the  base.  Abdomen  opaque,  with  a  few  long  black 
luurs  on  the  sides  near  the  apex;  sixth  doisal  segment  rather 
broadly  rounded  at  the  apex  and  sparsely  clothed  with  long  black 
setae.  Basal  joint  of  fore  taiaus  with  three  moderately  long  spines 
cm  the  outer  margin,  hind  tibiae  spinose,  tanal  ungues  with  one 
tooth.  Third  abscissa  of  the  radius  a  little  longer  than  the  first, 
and  more  than  two- thirds  of  the  length  of  the  second,  submedian 
cell  equal  in  length  to  the  median,  second  recurrent  nermre  received 
beyond  the  middle  of  the  third  cubitjil  cell,  cubitus  of  the  hind-wing 
interstitial  with  the  transverse  median  nervure. 

3-  Antennae  not  stout,  the  joints  very  slightly  arcuate  beneath, 
second  joint  of  the  flagellum  scarcely  longer  than  the  third.  Clypeus 
widely  emarginale  at  the  apex,  the  labnim  exposed  in  the  arch  of 
the  emaigination.    Median  segment  as  long  as  broad,  without  a 


u„,,l„eJh,G00glc 


70  Mr.  R.  E.  Tomer  m  New  SpecUs  of 

Bulciu.    T&nal  nngoes  miidenUto,  hind  tibiae  modentely  apinoae ; 
neoiHtion  of  wings  u  in  the  fenulc 

Hob.  Mackay,  Q.  {Turner),  1  ?,  November  1897;  1  <?, 
February  1899. 

5.  Fsammoehana  frontalis,  Fabr. 

Sphex frontalis,  Fabr.,  Syst.  Entom.,  p.  349,  1775,  2. 
P<mp{lus  frontalis,  Fabr..  Syst.  Kez.,  p.  188,  1804,  °. 

The  male  is  simiUr  to  the  female,  but  has  tbe  pubescence 
on  tbe  head  and  pronotum  greyish  instead  of  oranp;e. 
The  seventh  dorsal  segment  is  broadly  truncate  at  the 
apex,  the  seventh  ventral  segment  carinate  longitudinally 
and  produced  into  a  short  spine  at  the  apex. 

Hab.  Queensland,  Brisbane  and  Mackay. 

6.  hammocbantsamlluolnosm,  Sm. 

Potupihis  semilvcluosus,  Sm.,  Cat.  Hvm.  B.  M.,  iii.  p.  166, 
1855,  5. 

This  is  a  large  species,  with  six  long,  slightly  spatulate. 
spines  on  the  basal  joint  of  the  fore  tarsi. 

Hab.  Sydney. 

7.  PsuiinoehaTes  berthondi,  sp.  n. 

$.  Nigra,  fronte,  cljpeo  lateribuH,  pronoto  maigmibns,  meeonoto 
fascia  transversa  apicali,  scuteUo  angulis  tuisalifaiu,  poatscutello 
macula  magna  mediana.  maculaque  minore  utrinque  angolia 
apicalibus,  meeopleuris  fascia  ofaliqua,  eegmento  mediana  angulis 
baBalibuB  et  apicalibus,  aegmento  dorsali  primo  roacula  utrinque. 
Begmentis  dorsatibus  1-6  macula  tranaversa  apicali  utrinque,  aeg- 
mentiaque  ventralibue  secundo  teitioque  macula  utrinque  anf^ia 
apicalibuB  albido-pubeacentibus ;  alia  fuacia.  apice  obacurioribns, 
venia  nigria;   metatareo  antico  spinis  aeptem  longis  instmcto. 

Long.  23  mm. 

$.  Clypeua  broadly  truncate  at  the  apes;  second  joint  of  the 
flagellum  very  long,  nearly  as  long  as  the  third  and  fourth  com- 
bined; front  flat,  without  a  distinct  aulcua,  posterior  ooelii  much 
nearer  to  each  other  than  to  the  eyes.  Pronotum  strongly  arched 
posteriorly,  not  angulat«;  scuUllum  with  a  broad  donal  surface, 
not  very  strongly  compresaed  laterally.  Median  aegment  aoaicely 
longer  than  the  pronotum,  much  broader  than  long,  the  sulcus  on 
the  dorsal  suriace  very  deep,  the  lateral  tubercles  not  developed. 


Ij.y.l.AjhyCOO'^lL' 


Hymenvptera  in  the  British  Museum.  71 

Sixtb  aomtl  Begment  broadly  rounded  At  the  apex,  with  ap&ne 
ponctiiTes,  each  of  which  bean  a  long  bUck  h&ir.  Baaal  joint  of 
the  fore  taisi  with  eeven  long  alightly  apatulate  Bpinea;  inter- 
mediate and  bind  tibiae  with  a  patch  of  grej  pnbeaoence  at  boM 
and  apex,  tore  tibiae  with  a  line  of  grej  pubeeoence  on  the  onter 
ode.  Tanal  nngnes  nnidentaite.  Second  abeoisia  of  the  radiua 
more  than  half  u  long  ^;ain  as  the  third,  the  second  cubital  cell 
as  long  on  the  cnbitna  as  the  third ;  fint  reoturent  nerrure  received 
at  about  one-sixth  from  the  apex  o(  the  eeoond  cubital  cell,  seoond 
close  to  the  middle  of  the  third  cnbital  cell.  Cabitiu  of  hindwing 
intcoMitiaL 

Hob,  S.W.  AusTRAUA,  Waroona  {G.  F.  Berthoud), 
January. 

Thifl  13  a  western  fonn  of  semiluauoais,  differing  little 
from  that  species  except  in  the  presence  of  an  additional 
spne  on  the  basal  joint  of  the  fore  tarsi,  and  in  the  much 
more  broadly  interrupted  abdominal  fasciae. 

8.  ^»mmoeh»res  melanehoL'eiis,  Sm. 

PompUus  mdanckolicus,  Sm.,  Trans.  Eot.  Soc.  London, 
p.  244,  1868,  ?,J. 

This  species  closely  resembles  semiluciuiMus  in  colour, 
but  is  much  smaller,  the  joints  of  the  flagellum  are  less 
elongate,  the  abdominal  fasciae  continuous,  the  sixth 
dorsal  segment  much  more  nairowly  rounded  at  the  apex, 
the  basal  joint  of  the  foie  tarsi  with  only  three  spines, 
and  the  median  segment  with  an  oblique  band  of  cinereous 
pubescence  on  each  side  near  the  apex.  The  male  has 
the  apical  ventral  segment  with  a  low  longitudinal  carina, 
the  hairs  on  the  segment  and  the  apical  fringe  short ;  the 
sixth  ventral  segment  almost  flat,  not  strongly  convex. 

H(d>.  S.W.  Australia,  Yallingup  (Turner),  October  to 
December;  Champion  Bay  {Du  Boulay). 

Smith's  type  is  unfortunately  lost,  but  his  description 
of  the  species  as  only  5  lines  long  agrees  with  the  present 
species  much  better  than  with  the  larger  allied  species 
occurring  in  the  same  locality.  Mv  specimens  measure 
?,  ]3mm.i  J,  7  ram. 

9.  Psammochtres  vassei,  sp.  n. 
S.  DiSeiB  from  mtlaiKholKaa  in   the   larger  bim,  the    female 
mm.,  in  the  much  broader  apex  of  the  aixth  dorsal 

iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


72  Mr,  B.  E.  Turner  cm  New  Species  cf 

B^ment,  in  the  more  convex  baae  of  the  seoond  Tentral  SegmeDt, 
and  in  the  preeence  of  a  fourth  spine  on  the  baoal  joint  of  the  fore 
tUBua. 

(J.  DiSera  from  mda»eholicu»  in  the  larget  size,  11  mm. ;  in  the 
strongly  oompieesed  sides  of  the  apical  ventral  segment,  which 
leave  the  mediui  carina  veiy  prominent,  the  segment  is  also  covered 
with  long  haiis,  vhich  are  especially  conspicuous  along  the  carioft 
and  on  the  apical  fringe ;  the  sixth  ventral  segment  is  more  convex 
than  in  melawAolicaa,  and  the  fasciae  of  cinereous  pubescence 
which  in  melancholieat  are  confined  to  the  three  basal  segments 
extend  in  vcuwi  to  the  sixth. 

H(d>.  S.W.  AusTRAUA,  YalliDgup  {Turner),  December, 

10.  Psammocbftres  basstanns,  sp.  n. 
$.  Ooeely  allied  to  vaseei,  but  has  three  spines  only  on  the  basal 
joint  of  the  fore  tarsi,  the  sixth  dorsal  segment  is  quite  distinct, 
the  apical  half  of  the  segment  being  smooth,  shining,  and  slightly 
concave  in  bastianiu,  the  apex  a  little  produced  and  not  very 
broadly  roundbd,  in  vassei  the  segment  is  slightly  convex  throughout, 
the  apical  half  subopaque  and  very  closely  and  minutely  punctured 
and  very  broadly  rounded  at  the  apex;  in  mdandioUeui  the  Mo- 
ment is  more  noirowly  rounded  at  the  apex  than  in  either,  convex 
throi^DUt,  the  apical  quarter  shining  and  almost  smooth. 

Hob.  Tasmania,  Eaglehawk  Neck  {Turner),  February, 
Unfortunately  I  did  not  take  the  male.  The  group  of 
mdaticholictis  seems  to  be  very  extensive  and  the  species 
very  closely  allied,  but  differing  especially  in  the  apical 
segments  of  both  sexes.  I  have  two  oi  three  Eastern 
Australian  forms,  but  have  not  sufficient  material  from 
which  to  describe  them. 

II.  haminoeliani  bbills,  Sm. 

Pompilus  labilis,  Sm.,  Descr.  new  species  Hymen.,  p.  151, 
1879,  (J  (as  ?). 
The  thorax  in  this  species  is  without  pubescence  in  the 
female,  but  the  pronotum  of  the  male  is  covered  with 
close-I}"ing  whitish  hairs,  the  head  also  being  covered  with 
similar  hairs  in  both  sexes  except  on  a  transverse  band 
across  the  ocellar  region.  The  colour  of  the  pubescence 
varies  from  whitish  to  dull  yellowish.  The  female  has 
three  long  spines  on  the  basal  joint  of  the  fore  taiai. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lL' 


Hymenoptera  in  the  BrUish  Museum.  73 

Hab.  Queensland,  Townsville  {Dodd),  January  and 
February;  Nobtherk  Territory,  Port  Darwin  ((?,  F. 
HUl);  N.W.  Australia,  Nicol  Bay  (Dr.  Clement). 

12.  Fsammocharei  baslUcus,  ap.  n. 

$.  Nigra,  captte  Intco  pnbescente,  laaoia  tiaiuverea  in  regions 
oc«llari  nnda;  s^mento  donali  faaoia  Bngoata  apicali  BUbint«r- 
rupta,  secundo  tertioque  macula  transTeraa  utrinque  oinereo- 
pnbeacente ;  s^mento  mediano  Uteribns  ante  apicem  distinctiseinie 
tubercnlato. 

Long.  19  mm. 

$.  Veiy  near  P.  lo&ilis,  but  may  be  diBtingnisbed  from  that 
■peciee  by  the  absence  of  the  very  broad  abdominal  fascUe,  by  the 
preeeDce  of  four  long  spines  on  the  baaal  joint  of  the  fere  tarai; 
tbe  median  aegment  has  a  very  deep  median  buIcub  and  a  blunt 
tabeiole  on  each  side  before  the  apical  angles,  tbe  tubercle  being 
almost  obeolets  in  labilis;  in  both  the  apical  dona!  segment  is 
broadly  rounded  at  the  apex,  but  the  puncturation  of  the  segment, 
though  Teiy  minute  in  both,  is  more  distinct  in  bibilU.  Tbe  second 
abscissa  of  the  radius  is  scaroely  twice  as  long  as  the  third  in  baaUieu*, 
and  in  West  Australian  specimens  of  labUia,  but  about  four  times  as 
long  in  Queensland  specimens  of  labUis, 

Hab.  N.  Queensland,  Townsvilie  {Dodd). 

Nearly  allied  to  this  group  but  difiering  in  having  the 
submedian  cell  distinctly  longer  than  the  median  in  both 
sexes  and  the  tarsal  ungues  in  tbe  male  bifid  are  the  two 
following  species — 

1.  Fsammoebans  unoflanlai.  Turn. 
Anoplius   amoemilus.    Turn,,    Proc.    Zool.    Soc.    London, 
p.  329,  1910,  $. 
HiA.  Queensland,  Brisbane  and  Mackay. 

,2.  Rammoeharei  elatus,  Sm. 
PompUtts  elaius,  Sm,,  Joum.  linn.  Soc.  Zool,,  viii,  p.  82, 
1864,9. 
Hab.  Queensland,  Mackay  and  Townaville ;  Moluccas, 
Morty  Island. 

Another  generic  group  is  easily  distinguished  by  the 
coarse  granulation  of  the  thorax,  especially  strong  on  the 
median  segment ;  by  tbe  very  long  submedian  cell,  which 
is  much  longer  than  the  median ;   by  the  very  short  third 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


74  Mr.  R.  E.  Turner  on  New  Species  of 

cubit&l  cell,  which  is  twice  aa  long  on  the  cubitus  as  on 
the  radius,  but  no  longer  on  the  cubitus  than  the  length 
of  the  third  transverse  cubital  nervure ;  by  the  red  colour 
of  the  thorax  and  median  segment,  and  by  the  unidentate 
tarsal  ungues.    To  this  group  belong — 

1.  Pummoeluns  eirthroslelhiis,  Sm. 

Pompilus  erythrosteihua,  Sm.,  Cat.  Hvm.  B.  M.,  iii,  p.  162, 
1&55,  O. 

The  male  of  this  wide-ranging  species  is  unknown,  but 
I  have  seen  a  male  closely  resembling  this  female,  but 
with  red  legs,  from  Western  Australia. 

Hab.  S.W.  AusTRAUA,  Yallingup  (Turner),  November 
to  January ;  Tasmania,  Eaglehawk  Neck  (Turaer), 
February;  Queensland,  Mackay. 

2.  FsammoflhareB  perpuleher,  sp.  n. 

$.  Bufo-femigiiiea;  oapite  nigro;  scapo  aabtns,  maodibnlk 
cljrpeoque  femigineiH;  tarsis  infoscatis;  alii  hyalinis,  tertio  apioali 
taaciaque  mediona  hiscis. 

Long.  7  mm. 

S.  Second  joint  of  the  flagellum  as  long  as  the  first  and  thiid 
combined;  the  olypeua  and  lower  part  of  the  front  clothed  with 
silver  pubescence.  Head  finely  and  very  cloeely  punctured; 
posterior  ocelli  further  from  the  eyes  than  from  each  other.  Thorax 
closely  and  very  distinctly  punctured;  pranotum  veiy  widely 
anihed  posteriorly ;  scutellum  subqoadrate.  Median  segment 
coarsely  granulate,  without  a  sulcus,  with  short,  spare,  white 
pubescence.  Abdomen  shining,  the  punctures  microscopic;  sixth 
dorsal  segment  with  a  few  large  scattered  punctures,  broadly 
rounded  at  the  apex.  Fore  tarsi  with  a  short  comb,  the  baaal 
joint  with  four  short  spinea.  Cubitus  of  the  hindwing  originating 
just  beyond  the  tiauaverse  median  nervure. 

Hab.  Queensland,  Townsville  {Dodd],  Aiigust. 

Differs  from  erylhroalethis  in  the  smaller  size,  the  sculp- 
ture of  the  thorax,  the  colour  of  the  abdomen  and  legs, 
and  the  much  shorter  spine.';  of  the  fore  taisi. 

Agenloldens  ezpulsus,  Bp.  n. 
$.  Nigra ;  ptonoto  margine  poetico  late,  tibiisque  posticis  macula 
basali    albidis;  calcaribus    palUdis;    alis    hyalinis,    ontiois    fusoo 
bifasoiatis,  Tenis  nigris. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


Bymatoptera  in  the  British  Museum.  75 

<J.  Feminac  amilis;  tdbiie  intermeduB  etiom  basi  albido  mftou- 
Ifttis;  segmraito  doiwdi  septimo  olbido;  alia  fascia  baeali  sub- 
obaoleta. 

Lraig.  $,  7-8  mm. ;  J,  7  mm. 

$.  Clypena  abort  and  btoodly  truncate  at  the  apex;  antennae 
abont  oa  long  oa  the  thorax  and  median  segment  oombined,  the 
second  joint  of  tbe  flagellum  as  long  aa  the  first  and  third  com- 
bined. Pronotum  broadly  acouate  poBt«riorly,  no't  angulatc; 
acutellum  convex.  Median  segment  alightlj  convex,  oblique,  the 
dorsal  and  poeteiior  surfaces. not  separated,  rather  thinly  covered 
with  short  white  pnbeecence.  Abdomen  subopaque;  the  apical 
doTBoI  segment  aabtriongalar,  with  a  few  rather  long  dark  hairs. 
Torvot  ungues  iuiidentat«.  Cubitus  of  the  hindwing  received  at  a 
distance  beyond  the  tranaveise  median  nervure  equal  to  the  length 
of  the  transverse  cubital  nervure ;  submedian  cell  of  the  forewing 
very  slightly  longer  than  the  median ;  third  abscissa  of  the  radius 
scarcely  more  than  half  as  long  ss  the  second,  the  third  cubital 
cell  shorter  on  the  cubitus  than  the  second.  The  fascia  on  the 
basal  nervnre  narrow,  that  from  the  radial  cell  broad,  filling  the 
aeoond  and  third  cubital  cells. 

3-  Tarsal  ungues  as  in  tbe  female,  but  the  tooth  rather  nearer 
to  tbe  apex. 

S(A.  Queensland,  Mackay  {Turner),  November  to 
March. 

This  seems  to  be  undoubtedly  congeneric  with  A,  kumUis, 
Cress.,  from  N.  America,  the  type  of  Ashmead's  genus. 
The  description  of  tbe  genus,  however,  is  far  from  accurate. 
The  cubitus  of  the  hindwing  in  all  species  of  the  genus 
known  to  me  originates  well  beyond  the  transverse  median 
nervure,  though  not  so  far  as  in  the  present  species.  The 
Indian  PompUus  maadipes,  Sm.,  also  belongs  to  this  genus. 


Genus  Austbosalius,  gen.  nov. 

$.  Head  small,  flattened,  rather  longer  than  broad;  clypeus 
very  short,  broadly  truncate  at  the  apex ;  the  labrum  exposed , 
emsrginate  at  tbe  apex.  Pronotum  long,  sometimes  longer  than 
the  mesonotum,  sometimes  a  little  shorter;  median  segment  either 
verticoUy  or  obliquely  truncat«,  opaque  and  smooth,  with  a  median 
sulcus,  the  sides  parallel,  without  tubercles;  abdomen  rather 
nuTow,  convex,  the  sides  of  the  four  basal  segments  almost  parallel ; 
the  transverse  line  on  the  second  ventral  segment  visible,  but  not 
deeply  impressed.    Fore  femora  very  stoat;  fore  tarsi  without  a 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


76  Mr.  R.  E.  Turner  on  New  Species  cf 

oomb;  hind  tibiae  with  a  few  gmall  spines,  not  senate.  Sooond 
absoisM  of  the  radios  st  least  as  long  as  the  thiid,  the  raonmott 
nermres  received  *t  the  middle  of  the  second  and  of  the  thiid 
cubital  cells;  submedian  cell  of  the  foi«wing  very  slightl;  longv 
than  the  median;  cubitus  of  the  hindwing  either  intentitial  with 
01  originating  just  beyond  the  transverse  median  nerrure.  Hale 
unknown. 

Type  of  the  genos  Ferreolomorpka  artemis.  Turn, 

1.  Auitrosftlius  artemis.  Turn. 

Ferredonwrpha  artemis.  Turn.,  Froc.  Zool.  Soc.  London, 
p.  325,  1910,  $. 
Hab.  Mackay,  Q.  (Turner),  October  to  March. 

2.  Anstrosallus  mtllgnuB,  Sm. 

Salius  malignus,  Sm.,  Joum.  Froc.  Linn.  Soc.  Zool.,  iii, 
p.  157,  1858,  O. 

This  is  the  only  other  species  of  the  genus  known  to  me. 
It  is  much  lai^er  than  artemis,  and  the  mesonotum  b  much 
longer,  the  colour  of  the  antennae  and  of  the  wings  is  also 
different.     It  has  not  been  recorded  from  Australia. 

ffofi.  Asu  {Wallace). 

Nearly  allied  to  this  genus  are  the  South  Indian  Psettda- 
genia  rava,  Bingh.,  and  an  allied  species  which  seems  to 
be  undescribed ;  but  in  which  the  submedian  cell  is  much 
longer,  the  head  rather  larcer  and  the  labnim  not  so 
strongly  exposed.  The  tarsal  ungues  are  bifid  in  these 
»>ecie3,  not  unidentate  as  in  Austrosalivs.  For  this  genus 
I  propose  the  name 

Cbyptosalius,  gen.  nov. 
Type  of  the  genus  PseuSagenia  rava,  Bingh. 

1 .  Ciyptosallns  nvs,  Bingh. 

Pseudagenia  rava,  Joum.  Froc.  Linn.  Soc.  Zool.,  xxv, 
p.  426,  1896,  9. 

Hab.  Bangalore  {Bingham) ;  Coimbatobe  {T.  V.  Rama 
Krishna),  Februarj-. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lL' 


Bjftnenoptera  in  the  British  Mateum.  77 

2.  Cryptosalins  pandiyinni,  ap.  d. 

$.  mgn,  albopiloea;  mandibolis  ferrnglDeis,  apice  nigra;  (ui- 
tennie  tuekque  antiois  fuBoia;  alis  flnvahyolinia,  &pice  late  infn- 
matiB,  venis  tcstaceia ;  vertioe,  pronoto  poatice,  Begmento  mediano 
poetice,  aegmentis  donalibus  1-4  fascia  lata  apicali,  segmentoqae 
Bezto,  dense  albopabeacentibtu;  pronoto  elongate,  meeonoto  dnplo 
longiore. 

Long.  6-8  mm. 

$.  Head  longer  than  the  greatest  breadth;  clTpens  short,  the 
apical  margin  wideijr  and  very  shallawly  emaiginate.  Posterior 
oe^  about  half  as  far  again  from  the  eyes  as  from  each  other; 
inner  maigina  of  the  eyes  parallel ;  the  front  with  a  distinct  bnt 
Tuy  shallow  longitudinal  sulcus  extending  to  the  anterior  ocellus. 
P^ont,  pronotnm  and  median  segment,  except  broadly  posteriorly, 
clothed  with  veiy  short  and  sparse  fulvous  pubescence.  Antennae 
short  and  stout,  not  more  than  twice  as  long  as  the  head,  second 
and  third  joints  of  the  flagellum  subequat.  Pronotum  at  least 
twice  as  long  as  the  meeonotiim,  nanower  than  the  head,  as  long 
■a  the  greatest  breadth,  very  slightly  narrowed  ant«riorIy.  Meso- 
notora  very  short;  median  segment  shorter  than  the  pronotum, 
obliquely  sloped  posteriorly,  the  sides  paialleL  Second  ventral 
a^mcakt  with  a  distinct  transverse  groove  near  the  base.  The 
whole  ventral  surface  clothed  with  veiy  delicate  silver  pubescence. 
Anterior  tibiae  produced  at  the  apex  without  and  ending  in  two 
spiues;  hind  tibiae  smooth.  Second  abscissa  of  the  radius  longer 
than  the  third ;  first  recurrent  nervure  received  close  to  the  middle 
of  the  second  cubital  cell,  second  at  about  three-quarters  from  the 
hue  of  the  third  cubital  cell;  submedian  cell  much  longer  than 
the  median,  cubitus  of  the  hindwing  inteistitial  with  the  transverse 
median  nervure. 

Bob.  CoiHBATOUE,  S.  India  {T.  V.  Rama  Krishna), 
January  to  August. 

This  ia  a  much  smaller  species  than  C.  rava,  and  may 
be  distinguished  by  the  very  much  longer  pronotum, 
which  in  rava  is  much  broader  than  long  and  no  longer 
than  the  mesonotum.  The  third  cubital  cell  is  shorter 
than  m  rava  and  receives  the  recurrent  nervure  nearer  to 
the  apex.  There  ia  some  difference  in  the  present  species 
in  the  length  of  the  third  cubital  cell,  specmiens  t^ken  in 
July  and  August  having  the  third  abscissa  of  the  radius 
as  long  as  oi  longer  than  the  second.  The  type  was  taken 
in  January.    There  ia  also  some  variation  in  the  position 


ll,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


78  Mr.  R.  E.  Turner  on  New  Species  <f 

of  the  second  recurrent  nervure.     But  I  regard  these  as 
individual  variations  only. 

Cnrptoehilni  commixtBl,  Turn. 

Cryplocheilus  commixius,  Tom..  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London, 
p.  317,  1910,  5  J. 

This  species  belongs  to  the  group  in  which  the  male  has 
the  tarsal  ungues  bifid,  while  they  are  unidentate  in  the 
female.  This  structure  is  found  in  a  considerable  number 
of  oriental  and  Malayan  species,  also  in  one  or  two  Ethio- 
pian species,  but  not  as  far  as  I  know  in  any  other  Australian 
Cryplochilus.  SuperficiaUy  the  species  closely  resembles 
Hanipepsis  auatralasiae.  but  is  not  as  plentiful  and  has  a 
more  Umited  range. 

Hab.  Mackay  and  Cairns,  Q. 

The  nearest  ally  is  C.  basimacula.  Cam.,  from  New 
Britain. 

Genus  Cyphononyx,  Dahlb. 
Cyphononyx,  Dahlb.,  Hymen.  Europ.,  i,  p.  461,  1843. 

This  genus  was  founded  on  the  single  character  of  the 
bifid  tarsal  ungues.  But  I  am  very  doubtful  if  it  will 
eventually  stand,  owing  to  the  fact  that  a  considerable 
number  of  species  have  males  with  the  bifid  tarsal  ungues 
°\  ^yP^°*^^y^  aid  females  with  the  unidentate  ungues 
of  CryptocheUus.  At  present  I  retain  the  name  for  those 
species  m  which  the  tarsal  ungues  are  bifid  in  both  sexes. 
Taken  m  this  sense  there  ia  only  one  Australian  species  of 
the  genus. 

Cfphononyi  aspasU,  Sm. 

Mygnimiaaspasia,  Sm.,  Joum.  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  Zool.,  iii, 
p.  157,  1858,  $, 

A  beautiful  large  species  with  yellow  wings  and  the 
abdomen  glossed  with  blue. 

A  ^l^ii/'J^^^Vf^.^V^"'"*'  **■  trw"'«-);  New  Guinea; 
Am  (WalUKe];  K6  {Stalker). 

Cyphononyx  vitiensis,  sp.  n. 

Mo.  poati^teUo  apic«,  «gmentu.  shdominaUbna  tertioTS 
qu»rto,  qumu.  «xtoque.  pedibuaque  fulvo-fenugmeta;  <Ji.  ^. 


Bymen&ptera  in  the  Brtti^  Museum.  79 

auantiftcis,  uiticia  nutcuU  nugns  medi&iut  fusco-purpuieft,  apice 
leviter  iofuscatis,  Tenis  ferragineia. 

(^.  Feminae  Bimilia ;  meeoDoto  fosco-fenugiDeo. 

Long.  ¥,  lS-21  mm.;  ^,  18  mm. 

$.  Clypens  bnud  and  tnuuveise  at  the  apex;  labnim  Boarc«ly 
expoaed,  very  btoAdly  rounded  at  tbe  apex  and  iritfa  a  fringe  of 
long  fnlrouB  haira.  Auteonal  prominence  somewhat  ponect,  veiy 
feebly  bilobed  and  divided  by  a  strong  loagitadinal  sulcna.  Second 
joint  of  the  flagellum  a  little  longer  than  the  firat  and  third  com- 
bined- Posterior  ocelli  farther  from  tlte  eyea  than  from  each 
other.  Kvnotam  short,  rounded  at  the  anterior  angles,  the  posterior 
margin  vei7  broadly  arched.  Head  and  pronotum  sparsely,  mceo- 
notnm  and  acutelhim  closely,  covered  with  short  dark  golden 
pubescence,  the  mesonotum  and  Bcutellum  very  finely  and  cloaely 
punctured;  scutellum  with  a  flat  dorsal  surface,  broadly  rounded 
at  the  apex;  poslacntelluni  subcariuate  longitudinally  in  the 
middle,  slightly  produced  in  the  middle  posteriorly  and  rounded 
at  the  apex.  Median  segment  with  a  blunt  tubercle  on  each  side 
at  the  base,  with  a  deep  median  sulcus  from  base  to  apex,  opaque, 
with  very  minute  and  indistinct  transverae  striae;  tbe  posterior 
dope  oblique,  not  abruptly  separated  from  the  dorsal  surfaoe, 
spanely  clothed  with  fuscous  hairs.  Abdomen  highly  polished, 
with  a  few  small  scattered  punctures;  sixth  dorsal  segment  more 
coarsely  pnnctuied,  narrowly  rounded  at  the  apex,  densely  clothed 
with  golden  pubescence  intermin^ed  with  coarse  folvons  setae. 
Hind  tibiae  rather  feebly  serrate;  tarsal  ungues  bifid;  spines  of 
the  fore  tani  rather  short.  First  recurrent  nerrure  received  at 
about  three-quarters  from  the  base  of  the  second  cubital  cell,  second 
just  bc&re  the  middle  of  the  third  cubital  cell;  third  abscissa  of 
the  radius  nearly  half  as  long  again  as  the  second;  cubitus  of  the 
hindwing  interstitial  with  the  transverse  median  nervure;  sub- 
median  cell  of  the  forewing  longer  than  the  baaaL 

<}.  Antennae  very  long,  measuring  16  mm.,  the  whole  length  of 
the  insect  being  18  mm. ;  groove  near  tbe  base  of  the  second 
ventral  segment  very  distinct,  quite  as  deep  as  in  the  female; 
seventh  dorsal  segment  very  broadly  rounded  at  the  apex;  sixth 
ventral  segment  widely  emarginate  at  the  apex,  with  a  short  acnte 
spine  on  each  side  at  the  apical  angles;  seventh  ventral  segment 
flat,  subqnadrate,  broadly  truncate  at  the  apex. 

Hob.  Fur  {British  Museum  ex  Crawley  Coll.);  Fiji 
(R.  C.  L.  Perkins),  Fiji,  Natova,  Nadi  (ff.  Veilck),  October. 

Not  very  nearly  related  to  any  other  species  known  to 
me,  though  nearer  to  the  group  of  C.flavus,  Fabr.,  than 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


80  Mr.  R.  E.  Turner  m  New  Species  of 

to  C.  aspasia,  Sm.,  and  the  related  species  C.  trUrepida, 
Sm.,  and  C.  cmfector,  Sm. 

Gentis  Hemipbpsis,  Dahlb. 
Hemipepsis,  Dahlb.,  Hymen.  Europ.,  i,  p.  123,  ISiS. 

I  think  this  is  a  good  genus  and  distinct  from  Crypto- 
ckeUvs,  Panz.  After  muot  consideration  I  disagree  with 
Schulz,  who  uses  Shuckard's  name  Mygnimia  for  the 
genus.  This  name  was  pubhshed  in  1840,  and  therefore 
has  priority  over  Hemipepsis.  But  no  species  are  given 
in  Shuckard's  work,  and  the  single  character  given,  the 
position  of  the  first  recurrent  nervure,  would  apply  to  other 
species  not  included  in  Hemipepsis,  such  as  some  species 
of  Cyphononyx,  equally  well.  Thus  Shuckard's  name 
should,  in  common  with  other  names  in  the  same  work, 
be  treated  as  a  nomen.  nudum,  and  only  date  from  Smith's 
publication  of  the  name  in  1855.  There  is  only  one 
Australian  species  of  Hemipepsis. 

Hemipepsis  austnlutae,  Sm. 

Mygnimia  amtralasiae,  Sm.,  Ann,  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (4), 
xii,  p.  259. 1873. 

This  seems  to  me  to  be  the  Australian  form  of  the 
Indo-Malayan  H.  atireosericeua,  Gufir.  It  has  a  wide 
range  in  Australia,  especially  in  the  northern  half  of  the 
continent. 

Bab.  Cooktown,  Cairna  and  Mackay,  Q.;  Hermanns- 
burg,  Central  Austraba;  Fowler's  Bay,  S.A. 


Family  CRABRONIDAE. 

Subfamily  AMPVLICINAE. 

Ampules  orawshayl,  sp.  n. 

$.  Tiridi-cyanea:  antennk   taiaiaque  nigria;  m&ndibulis  feiru- 

gineiB;  alia  tayalinia,  venia  nigris,  onticia  in  cellulia  radiali,  oubitali 

seouudo  discoidEiliqne  secundo  levit«r  infuacatis;  abdomine  seg- 

mentia  apicalibua  fortiter  comprMsia. 

Long.  20  mm. 

$.  Carina  of  the  clypeua  sharply  bent  donnworda  near  the  apex, 
produced  into  a  abort  blunt  apical  tooth.  Second  joint  of  the 
flagellum  abont  equal  to  the  combined  length  of  the  third  and 


ih,Cooi^lc 


Hymenoptera  m  the  BrUish  Museum.  81 

fourtli;  tjee  BepBrat«d  on  the  vertex  by  a  distance  slightly  leea 
thma  the  length  of  the  second  joint  of  the  flagellum.  Head  etrongly 
ragoeely  poDctured,  less  coaisely  on  the  vertex  than  on  the  front, 
the  median  frontal  carina  not  nearly  reaching  the  anterior  ocelitu, 
the  Utera)  carinae  curved,  not  straight,  and  meeting  above  the 
anterior  ocelloB.  Fronotum  rather  long,  narrowed  anteriorly, 
■parsely  punctured,  produced  posteriorly  into  a  low  tubercle,  with 
a  median  eulciis  reaching  to  the  base  of  the  tubercle,  the  anterior 
half  of  the  buIcub  with  a  few  short  transverse  striae.  Meeonotnm 
and  Boutellum  Hmooth,  with  a  few  scattered  punctures.  Median 
segment  broader  in  the  middle  than  long,  the  third  carina  in  the 
middle  as  far  from  the  fourth  aa  from  the  second;  the  tnberclefl 
at  the  apical  angles  elongate  triangular,  not  curved.  Second 
dorsal  segment  at  least  one-quarter  longer  than  the  breadth  in  the 
middle,  the  sides  not  strongly  convex;  the  three  apical  eegmente 
very  strongly  compressed  laterally.  Hind  tibiae  very  sparsely 
punctured;  fifth  joint  of  the  tarsi  inserted  at  the  base  of  the 
fourth,  the  latter  not  reaching  the  middle  of  the  fifth  joint.  Length 
of  the  radius  beyond  the  third  cubital  nervure  less  than  half  of 
the  length  of  the  second  transverse  cubital  nervure.  Three  cubital 
ceDs. 

BtA.  Nyasaland,  Kondowi,  Lower  Nyika  (R.  Craw- 
ahay),  June. 

lit  the  compression  of  the  apical  segments  of  the  abdo- 
men thia  species  resembles  A.  sUnrica,  Fabr.  {compressi- 
veiUris,  Gu4r.) ;  but  in  neuration  ia  close  to  aaaimilia,  Eohl., 
which,  however,  differs  much  in  sculpture  and  other 
points. 

Ampuht  krlsteiiMiil,  sp.  n. 

$.  Viridi-cyanea;  olypeo  antenaisqnenigris;  tarais  fusois;  man- 
dibniis,  tibiis  antiois,  femoribusque  ferrugineis ;  alis  byalinia,  venia 
nigris,  cellula  radiali  leviter  infnscata. 

Long.  16  mm. 

3-  Clypeus  strongly  convex,  porrect,  the  carina  not  produced 
into  a  tooth  at  the  apex.  Second  joint  of  the  flagellum  as  long  as 
the  third  and  fourth  combined;  eyes  separated  on  the  vertex  by 
a  distance  scarcely  exceeding  the  lei^h  of  the  second  joint  of  the 
flagellum.  Head  mgosely  punctured,  the  median  frontal  carina 
ver;  short,  not  nearly  reaching  the  anterior  ocellus,  the  lateral 
frontal  carinae  well  developed.  Prbnotum  shining,  feebly  and 
im^ulariy  tiansvetaely  striated,  with  a  median  sulcus  on  the 
aDt«rior  portion,  raised  inte  a  tubercle  at  the  apex.    Mesonotnm 

TRANS.  ENT.  SOC.  LORD.  1917. — PART  I.     (NOV.) 


u,y,i,Ajh,Coot5lc 


82  Mr.  R.  E.  Timier  on  Not  Species  ^ 

in  the  middle  and  •coteUnm  with  a  few  BcAttcred  pnnotmca,  the 
wdee  of  the  meeoDotnm  more  cloedj  ponctared.  Medun  aegment 
as  in  eoHigera,  KohL,  but  with  the  taberclea  at  the  apcal  an^ 
much  amaller  and  leaB  cnrred.  Second  doraal  segmmt  much 
broader  than  long,  ahorter  than  in  eotiigtn;  second  vecti^  aeg- 
ra&tt  convex  at  the  baae  aa  in  amigtra.  Fifth  joint  of  the  Um 
inH!rt«d  cloee  to  the  baae  of  the  fourth  joint.  Three  oabital  oeUs, 
the  length  of  the  radius  beyond  the  junction  of  the  thiid  transvtfse 
cnbital  nermre  equal  to  the  length  of  the  secood  transveiae  cubital 
nervure. 

S<d).  Abyssinia,  Uarar  {Kristensen). 

Very  nearly  allied  to  conigera.  Kohl.,  but  differs,  as 
pointed  out  in  the  description,  also  in  the  much  greater 
length  of  the  radius  beyond  the  third  cubital  cell,  and  in 
the  narrower  apical  portion  of  the  dypeus  and  shorter 
frontal  carina. 

SuhfamUy  STIZINAK. 

Stizu*  jwolfleui,  sp.  Q. 

$.  Nigra ;  labro,  dypeo  macnla  magna  utiinqne,  oibitis  interton- 
bna,  scapo  subtus,  flagello  subtus,  callii  humeralibua,  meaonoto 
angulia  posticia,  scutello  macula  utrinque,  postacntello  taacia 
angusta  inteinipta,  8^;mento  meditmo  angolia  posticis.  s^menlii 
dorsalibua  1~4  mm^iU  transversa  apicali  utrinque,  2-6  atriga 
tiansverea  apicsli  in  medio,  tibiis  anticis,  intermediis  subtua,  t«r- 
aisque  autiois  subtus  flavis;  tibiis  postiais  torsisque  ferrugineisi 
mandibulis  fusco-ferrugineis ;  alis  hyalinis,  leviter  infuscatis,  veiui 
fusoO'feiTugineis;  segmento  mediano  angulis  lateralibus  fortiter 
excisia. 

Long.  10  mm. 

$.  Eyes  separated  at  the  base  of  the  clypeus  by  a  distance  haU 
aa  gKat  again  as  the  length  of  the  scape.  Head  and  thorfkx  sub- 
opaque,  very  closely  and  minutely  punctured  and  covered  with 
very  short  fuscous  pubescence,  which  is  closer  on  the  meaonotum 
than  on  the  head  i  median  segment  much  more  strongly  punctured, 
thinly  covered  with  short  whitish  pubescence ;  abdomen  rather  Ice* 
strongly  punctured  than  the  median  segment,  with  faint  blue  tints 
in  certain  lights,  sixtii  dorsal  segment  very  closely  punctured. 
Second  cubital  cell  not  petiolate,  the  first  abscissa  of  the  radius  at 
least  three  times  as  long  as  the  second. 

Hab.  Fiji,  Natova,  Nadi  (R.  Veiuh),  October. 

This   belongs  to  the  group  of  S.  Irtdena,  Fabr.,   but 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


BymmopUra  in  the  Bntuh  Museum.  8S 

differs  in  the  colouring,  especially  of  the  legs,  from  the 
allied  speciea.  The  infuacatioo  of  the  wings  is  caused  by 
numerous  small  hairs. 

Subfamily  CSABBONISAB. 

Entomognalhiu  msoiisslmu*,  sp.  n. 

?.  Nigra;  abdomine  pedibusqne  femgineis;  coxia  aotiois,  tro- 
chuilflribtu  antioia,  femoribnaqoe  antioia  rabtus  nigiu;  tegoli* 
tMtaceii;  alis  faaow,  venis  nigrU;  clypeo  orgenteo-pabeMente. 

Long.  8  mm. 

$.  Handiblea  deeply  eioised  on  the  oater  margin,  simple  at  the 
apex.  Clypeiu  raised  into  a  poirect  toberole  jnat  above  the  middle 
of  the  ajHcal  margin,  with  a  very  short  blunt  tooth  on  each  aids 
near  the  apical  angles.  Eyes  hairy,  the  faeets  in  front  rather 
larger  than  elsewhere.  Mead  Urge,  but  not  broader  than  tbe 
thorax ;  front  bioad,  the  eyes  aeparat«d  at  the  beae  of  tbe  dypene 
by  a  diatance  equal  to  tbe  length  of  the  scape ;  antennae  short 
and  stoat,  the  third  Joint  of  the  flagellnm  as  Itmg  as  the  second; 
ocellar  region  and  vertex  veiy  coarsely  punctured ;  ocelli  in  a  very 
broad  triangle,  the  poeterior  pair  far  apart,  bat  nearly  as  far  from 
tbe  eyes  aa  from  each  other,  an  irr^olu  obliqne  groove  from  each 
posterior  oeellns  reaching  almost  to  tbe  eye.  Fronotum  trann- 
vene,  roonded  at  tbe  anglea,  punctured;  meeonotum  coarsely 
pnnctaFed-nigoae ;  scntellnm  with  apatae  large  pnncturea;  meao- 
grfenrae  coarsely,  bat  rather  sparsely,  punctured,  with  a  smooth 
groove  in  front  for  the  reception  of  tbe  anterior  femora.  Median 
segment  very  short,  the  dorsal  surface  only  half  as  long  as  the 
scatellum;  Uie  basal  area  very  broadly  rounded  at  tbe  apex, 
with  aeveral  strong  longitudinal  oarinae;  tbe  posterior  slope 
abrupt,  almost  smooth,  with  a  broad  shallow  median  groove  narrow- 
ing towards  tbe  apex.  Abdomen  seaeile,  tbe  basiJ  segment  the 
Imwdeet,  the  two  baaal  dorsal  segments  with  spane,  but  rather 
large,  puncturea;  the  remaining  segments  with  small  scattered 
punctores ;  sixth  dorsal  segment  rather  narrowly  triangular,  clothed 
with  golden  pubeaoence.  Hind  tibiae  hairy,  almost  imarmed,  with 
feeble  aeirationa  near  the  apex;  fore  tani  unarmed.  Recurrent 
nervure  received  at  three-qoartera  from  the  baae  of  the  cubital  cell; 
radial  cell  broadly  truncate  at  the  apex,  the  laansverse  cubiUl 
nemue  received  at  the  middle  of  the  radial  cell. 

Bab.  Ntasaland,  Mlange  {S.  A.  Neave),  January, 

This  is  very  distinct  in  colour  and  sculpture  from  other 
species  of  the' genus,  but  does  not  differ  much  in  structural 
cnaracteis. 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


84     Mr.  R,  E,  Turner  on  Neio  Species  <^  Hymenoptera. 

Cnbro  veltchi,  sp.  n. 

$.  Nigra;  flogello,  pronoto,  callis  hnmeralibus,  scutollo  angulia 
tmticis,  postecutetloque  fa«cia  transverBft  flit  vis;  mandibulia  &pioe 
exoepto,  tegulie,  segmentk  donalibus  secundo  dimidio  basali,  aez- 
toque,  TeDtralibuB  primo,  secundo  dimidio  basali,  quinto,  saztoque, 
pedibusque  feirogineis ;  alia  hyalinia,  leriter  inf uacatis,  Tenia  foscis. 

Long.  11  mm. 

$.  Mfuidiblee  tridentat«  at  the  apex;  clypeus  porreot,  triaoga- 
larly  emarginate  at  the  apex,  not  carinata,  clothed  with  ailver 
pnbescence.  Ejres  with  veiy  taige  facets  in  front,  separated  at 
the  base  of  the  clifpena  bj  a  distance  equal  to  the  length  of  the 
second  joint  of  l^  flagellnm,  a  groove  along  the  inner  margin  of 
the  eyes  near  the  summit.  Second  joint  of  the  flagellum  neariy 
u  long  aa  the  first  and  third  combined.  Head  large  and  mssuve, 
broader  than  the  thorax,  minntelj  and  closely  ponctured,  the 
temples  vei;  broad  and  clothed  with  silver  pubescence;  ooelU  in 
a  wide  triangle,  the  posterior  pair  as  far  from  each  other  aa  front 
the  eyes,  fully  half  as  far  again  from  the  posterior  margin  of 
the  head  as  from  each  other.  Pronotum  transverse,  rounded  at  the 
anterior  angles;  mesonotum  very  finely  pnnctnred-ruguloBe  on  the 
anterior  half,  more  sparsely  punctured  posteriorly,  »  broad  depres- 
sion from  the  anterior  margin  to  the  middle.  Scutellum  and  post- 
Bcnlellum  shining,  with  scattered  jnmctures ;  propleurae  vertically 
striated;  mesopleorae  sparsely  and  rather  coarsely  punctured, 
without  a  groove  for  the  intermediate  or  hind  femora.  Median 
segment  closely  and  rather  strongly  punctured,  the  triangular 
basal  area  defined  by  grooves  and  with  a  median  longitudinal 
groove,  the  sides  of  the  segment  closely  and  rather  strongly  obliquely 
striat«d.  Abdomen  petiolate,  smooth  and  shining,  the  first  seg- 
ment longer  than  the  second  and  third  combined,  slender,  the 
apical  half  moderately  swollen,  not  constricted  at  the  apex;  second 
segment  nearly  as  broad  at  the  apex  as  the  third,  the  second  ventral 
segment  with  a  amall,  oblong,  pubescent,  opaque  mark  on  each  side 
near  the  base;  fifth  dorsal  segment  minutely  punctured;  pygidial 
area  very  narrow,  lanceolat«.  Recurrent  nervnre  received  just 
beyond  three-quarters  from  the  apex  of  the  cubital  odi ;  transverse 
cubital  nervure  received  close  to  the  middle  of  the  radial  cell. 
Hind  tibiae  serrat«. 

Hah.  Fiji,  Natova  (fi.  Veitch),  April. 

The  petiolate  abdomen  gives  this  inaect  somewhat  the 
appeatance  of  a  Das'jprocltis,  but  it  does  not  belong  to 
that  genus,  but  does  not  seem  to  be  closely  allied  to  any 
described  Crabro. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


(     85    ) 


m.  NeiB  or  liille-known  Heterocera/roni  Madagascar,     By 
Sir  Geo.  H.  Keneick,  F.E.S. 

[Read  May  2iid,  1917.] 

Plates  I-VI. 

In  continuation  of  a  paper  read  before  the  Society  on 
November  5th,  1913,  I  now  submit  a  further  list  of  insects 
taken  in  Madagascar  by  Mr.  Felix  B.  Pratt  in  1910, 

There  still  remain  the  Geometridae  to  be  described,  and 
among  them  there  appear  to  be  many  interesting  forms, 

I  have  again  to  thank  Sir  George  Hampson  and 
his  assistants  for  their  very  kind  help  in  the  work  of 
identification . 

I  wish  that  it  had  been  possible  to  compare  the  insects 
with  types  to  be  found  in  Continental  cabinets  before  pub- 
lishing these  descriptions,  but  as  that  is  out  of  the  question 
for  the  present,  I  let  these  go  out  as  they  are. 

NOTODONTIDAE. 
SUvropos  malgasstoa,  sp.  n.  Plate  I. 
He&d,  thorax,  bue  and  shaft  of  antennae,  apper  part  of  palpi 
wbit« ;  base  of  palpi  and  fringes  round  ejea  dark  brown ;  antennae 
cheetnnt;  legs  white,  tani  blackish;  abdomen,  baae  and  last  two 
aegments  white,  remainder  grey.  Fort-wing  white;  an  oblique 
basal  black  line  from  coBta  to  cell;  followed  by  an  anlemedian 
black  line,  obliqne  with  strong  angulation  in  the  cell,  and  a  thicken- 
ing at  inner  moi^in,  which  in  the  female  develops  into  a  ronnd 
■pot;  the  median  line  is  faint  and  not  visible  beyond  the  middle 
of  the  cell;  the  postmedian  line  has  three  distinct  angulations 
aod  the  enblerminal  is  composed  of  6  V-shaped  marks;  there  are 
4  dark  dots  on  the  costa  beyond  the  postmedian  line.  Hind-tcing 
white,  slightly  fuscous  towards  the  inner  maj^,  with  a  dark 
anbt«nninal  line-    Exp.  SO  mm. 

Stanropui  lllaolna,  sp.  n.     Plate  I. 
Head,  thorax,  and  legs  pale  grey;  tibiae  darker,  antennae  dark 
brown,  abdomen  grey,  the  two  last  segments  lighter.     Fort-wing 
TRAKS.  ENT.  SOC.  LOND.  1917. — PAKT  I.      (NOV.) 

u„,,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


86  Sir  Geo.  H.  Eenrick  m 

pale  gray  Bufiuaed  with  lilac  vitb  dark  brown  linea;  baaal  line 
oblique  and  difiiued,  aiitcmediaii  line  obliqne  and  angnlated: 
median  line  faint  and  int«iiupted;  postmedian  double,  tuignlated. 
and  not  vei;  obliqne ;  in  the  female  with  a  round  spot  jiut  before 
the  inner  margin ;  eabtenninal  line  compoeed  of  6  V-ahaped  mark- 
ingB ;  a  more  or  lees  pronoonced  dark  shade  beyond  the  antemedian 
line,  most  conspicuous  towarda  coeta.  Bind-mng  dark  grey,  fringe* 
pale.    Exp.  SO  mm. 


Soalmleaada  obliqnllSaciats,  sp.  n.     Plate  I. 

Head  and  legs  reddish  brown,  palpi  paler,  antennae  and  collar 
dark  brown;  thorax  above  pinkish;  abdomen  dark  at  the  basB. 
then  ochreouB,  but  tuft  blackish.  Fore-wing  pinkish  brown,  with 
a  brownish  cloud,  more  or  less  intense,  from  cell  to  costa;  a  fine 
double  line  from  middle  of  inner  margin  to  apex;  an  irxegolar 
dark  brown  transverse  line  at  base,  reaching  half  acroM  wing, 
followed  by  an  angulated  anteniedian  tine;  the  3  stigmata  are  of 
the  ground-colour,  but  outlined  by  fine  dark  lines  fringes  dark. 
Hind-wing    pale    straw-colour    with    fringes    conoolorous.    Exp. 

Varies  a  good  deal  in  intensity  of  colour,  and  the  stig- 
mata in  some  specimens  are  more  or  less  black. 

Scahnieaada  ochteoploU,  sp.  n.    Plate  II. 

Somewhat  like  the  foregoing,  but  has  no  obliqne  line;  the  stig- 
mata are  barely  discernible,  and  in  most  specimens  the  ana  at 
base  of  wing  and  at  the  angle  is  spotted  with  pale  ocbrcons.  Hind- 
vAng  much  darker  than  in  the  preceding  species.    Exp.  40  mm. 

Scalmleanda  pratti,  sp.  n.    Plate  II. 

Head,  legs,  palpi,  and  thorax  reddish  brown,  shaft  of  antennae 
pale;  abdomen  reddish  brown,  paler  beneath,  tuft  of  the  same 
colour.  Fore-wing  reddish  brown,  mottled  with  pale  ochreons, 
which  forms  a  patch  e;(tending  from  cell  to  near  apex;  a  black 
spot  at  base  of  wing,  and  a  whitish  horizontal  line  extending  from 
base  to  near  middle  of  inner  margin,  where  it  meets  an  irregular 
transverse  pale  line  extending  to  costa;  a  black  streak  at  end  tA 
cell,  and  a  pale  postmedian  waved  hne  with  dark  border;  8  black 
dotfl  form  a  subtermlnal  line,  and  a  pale  line  precedes  the  maigin. 
Hind-wing  reddish  oohieoua.    Exp.  34  mm. 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


I 


:  I 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


NttD  or  lU^hnown  Beterocera  from  Madagtucar.     87 

NOCTUIDAE. 
TTMhu  tTluigabtta,  sp.  n.  Plate  II. 
Head,  lag^  P^lpu  ^nd  thor&z  pi^'l'"''  oohreous,  «  pole  line  at 
baaa  erf  collar;  abdomai  ochiMHis  at  bsw  and  Uien  pinkish,  fore- 
whtg  pale  pinkiah  brown,  with  a  CMupioiKnis  triangle  having  its 
ftpex  on  inner  mwgiD,  and  of  a  dark  cheetnnt  coloor;  inside  the 
base  of  the  trian^e  ia  a  semioirciilar  bond  of  the  ground-colour. 
The  triangular  marking  is  edged  with  a  fine  [riak  line,  and  there  is 
a  straight  snbterminal  line.  Eind-wing  whitish  oohreous,  hinges 
oi  both  wingH  pinkiah.    Exp.  30  mm. 

DueochMto  nulgiulea,  sp.  n.  FUte  IV. 
Bead,  legs,  palpi,  and  thorax  apple-green  with  blaok  maridngs, 
antennae  pale  brown ;  abdomen  blackish  with  pale  green  tuf  ta,  the 
last  s^ment  bright  gcten.  Fort-viing  apple-green,  with  7  oi  8  black 
spote  on  coBta,  a  black  basal  patch  and  ontemedian,  median,  and 
postmedian  interrupted  black  lines,  the  latter  connected  above 
die  inner  margin  b;  a  black  dash  to  the  subtemunal  line,  which  is 
ontwardfy  bordered  by  a  eilrerj  white  line;  there  are  also  black 
daahes  dong  the  inner  margin,  and  a  row  of  black  dots  on  the 
hind  margin.  Hind-mttg  uniformly  smoky  with  two  tiansverse 
daricer  striae,  fringes  paler.    Exp.  42  mm. 

Hnopwlgei  mlnuMuli,  sp.  □.  Pi&te  I. 
Head,  l^s,  and  palpi  ochreous  with  a  pink  tinge,  antennae  dark 
brown;  thorax  ochreous  with  scattered  blaok  scales;  abdomen 
ochreons  with  a  smoky  tinge.  Fore-wing  dark  brown  with  oohreous 
spots,  the  whole  suffused  with  a  faint  purple  gloss;  a  dark  basal 
line  is  followed  by  two  ochreous  blotches  and  then  an  antemedian 
line;  the  postmedian  line  is  parallel  with  tJte  hind  margin,  and 
between  them  are  tiiree  ochreous  blotches,  besides  a  small  one  at 
end  of  cell ;  both  inner  and  hind  margins  have  ochreous  patches  on 
them.    Hind-wing  uniformly  smoky,  fringes  paler.    Exp.  36  mm. 

Hy^per^ea  variegata,  sp.  n.  Plate  I. 
Head  and  palpi  reddish  oohreons;  antennae  pale  brown;  legs 
ochrEons  with  dark  rings  on  tarai;  thorax  whitish  above,  patagia 
dark;  abdomen  dark  ochreous  paler  between  segmentfl.  Fort- 
wtnjr  daik  yellowish  grey,  with  pale  ochreous  blotches;  a  whitish 
spot  at  base,  with  indications  of  a  dark  basal  line ;  an  interrupted 
black  antemedian  line,  and  a  curved  and  angulated  postmedian 
line;  the  stigmata  oatlined  with  black,  and  the  reniform  filled  with 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


88  Sir  Geo.  H.  KeDiick  on 

white  uid  oontinaed  beyond,  making  a  large  round  spot.  There 
are  two  pole  blotohes  on  the  inner  margin,  and  two  on  the  hind 
nuugin,  with  a  dark  Btieab  between  them.  BtTul-mitg  very  pale 
with  dtukf  margin,  fringee  pale.    Exp.  40  mm. 

Perlgea  rubidita,  gp.  n.  Plate  I. 
Head,  aQtonnae,  palpi,  and  tegs  reddish,  the  tarsi  ringed  with 
darker,  collar  dark  with  whitish  crest;  thorax  and  patagia  dark 
with  whitiah  scsJes;  abdomen  reddish  brown  with  darker  creeta 
and  jellowish  tuft.  Fore-wing  dark  brown  suSuscd  with  pink, 
coeta  broadly  covered  with  whitish  scales;  a  conspicuous  curved 
central  streak  from  base  to  costa  very  dark,  and  a  dark  spot  on 
coBta  beyond  end  of  cell.  The  stigmata  are  pale,  but  the  ctavi- 
form  has  a  dark  streak  in  it ;  there  is  an  indistinct  pale  Bubtermlnal 
line,  and  some  dark  streaks  before  the  hind  margin.  Hind-wing 
reddish  brown.    Exp.  42  mm. 

Perlgea  grlsetta,  sp.  n.  Plate  II. 
Head,  antennae,  palpi,  and  legs  reddish,  the  tarsi  ringed  with 
darker;  collar  dark  brown,  patagia  pale  ochreous;  abdomen 
yellowish  ochreous,  crcsla  not  developed.  Fore-iving  whitish 
ochreous,  the  stigmata,  which  ore  large,  outlined  with  black,  with 
a  block  space  between  them ;  an  antemedian  line  starting  from 
near  base  on  costa  curves  outward  to  inner  margin;  a  postmedian 
line  is  nearly  straight,  the  space  between  these  is  filled  in  with 
dark  blackish- brown ;  there  is  a  wared  and  interrupted  subterminal 
line,  and  some  dark  streaks  near  it.  Hind-wing  unifonnly  oohreons, 
fringes  paler.     Exp.  38  mm. 

BfaoroMmyra  robusta,  sp.  n.  Plate  II. 
Near  to  Jf.  ttatbrota,  Butl.,  but  the  wings  are  aquarer,  and  the 
insect  decidedly  stouter.  Head,  legs,  palpi,  and  anl«nnae  brown; 
thorax  and  abdomen  darker  and  shaggy.  Fore-uring  with  sealea 
slightly  raised,  giving  them  a  rough  appearance,  dark  brown,  but 
the  coeta  bright  brown,  especially  underneath;  indications  of  the 
beginning  of  a  dark  antemedian  line  on  costa,  and  a  stronger  dark 
Bubterminat  line  begins  on  the  coata  before  the  apex  and  is  con- 
tinued to  vein  4.  Hind-wing  unifonnly  dusky,  fringes  rather 
paler.     Exp.  36  mm.    One  S- 

BoroUa  carneatlneta,  sp.  u.    Plate  I. 

Antennae  of  male  ciliated.     Head,  palpi,  legs,  and  collar  yellowish- 

oohreous,  antennae  darker;    pats^a  ochreous,  abdomen  smoky. 


ih,Cooi^lc 


New  or  little-knoum  Heteracera  from  Madagatcar.    89 

toft  ochiGOoa.  Fon-wing  yellowish  olive  snffiued  with  {^"t 
divided  longitndiiuUly  into  three  folds,  the  coeta  aod  edge  of  aeoond 
fold  pale  jrink ;  indicsticnu  of  a  dark  Gist  line ;  a  triaDgalar  olive 
blot«h  midway  along  cOBta,  a  blsck  dot  on  vein  5  forming  part  of 
«  postmedisn  line ;  the  hind  margin  is  broadly  eoffiued  with  fosoons, 
and  there  are  a  few  black  enbtenninal  pointa.  Bind-wiag  greyish 
with  faint  dark  hmnle,  fringes  paler.    Exp.  30  mm. 

Borolla  pkrvula,  sp.  n.  Plate  11. 
Antennae  of  male  nearly  umple.  Head,  palpi,  le^e,  antennae 
and  thorax  reddish  ochreoos,  abdomen  rather  darker.  Fore-wing 
reddish  ochieous,  with  veins  paler,  but  rather  more  colour  in  tbe 
tsell ;  a  short  dark  streak  from  the  base  under  the  cell,  two  or  three 
dark  specks  along  the  costa  indicating  a  postmedian  line,  a  small 
black  dot  below  the  middle  of  the  cell,  and  another  more  oonspiouoas 
two-thirds  along  the  inner  margin  from  the  base.  Hind-wing  4rf 
male  pale  ochreoua,  of  female  pale  grey.     £xp.  26  mm. 

Boroli*  lithargyroides,  sp.  n.    Plate  II. 

Head,  thorax,  palpi,  antannae,  and  legs  pinkish  oohreous,  abdo- 
men less  pink.  Fore-tcing  pinkish  ochreous,  with  a  centi^  shade 
and  a  triangolar  shade  below  apex;  on  the  central  shade  at  the 
«nd  of  tbe  cell  is  a  short  white  longitudinal  streak,  and  above  this 
a  black  dot;  both  antemedian  and  postmedian  lines  aie  repre- 
sented by  a  tew  black  dots,  and  the  subterminal  line  by  a  complete 
row.     Biwi-wing  grey,  fringes  pinkish.     Exp.  28  mm.    One  2- 

Aeosmetlft  nulgassiea,  sp.  n.  Plate  II. 
Head,  legs,  antennae  and  palpi  grej^sh  brown;  thorax  grey,  the 
collar  divided  into  two  prominences;  abdomen  greyish  oohreous. 
Fore-tcing  dark  grey  with  a  purplish  gloss;  indications  of  ante- 
and  post-median  lines,  subterminal  line  paler.  Bind-miig  pale 
grey.  Underside  whitish,  thickly  iriorated  with  grey.  Exp. 
28  mm. 

Parscaroldes  pratti,  sp.  n.  Plate  I. 
Head,  antennae,  palpi,  and  legs  chestnut;  thorax  duker,  hut 
with  patagja  paler;  abdomen  yellowish  ochreous.  Fon-wing:  tbe 
disc  is  apaisely  coveted  with  scales,  while  the  margins  have  a  thicker 
coat  BO  as  to  appear  decidedly  raised;  pale  ochreous,  darker  to- 
'  wards  margin,  tbe  oosta  chestnut,  with  a  few  white  scales ;  the 
.  inner  and  bind  matguis  have  a  pale  band,  followed  by  one  nearly 
iblack;  thereaie  two  small  dark  dote  at  end  of  cell;  fringes  purplish. 


iM-,i,Ajh,Googlc 


90  Sir  Geo.  H.  Kenrick  on 

Bind-wing  ochreom,  darker  round  tbe  margiDB,  fringea  pale.    Exp. 
38  mm. 

TnehM  kueopieto,  sp.  n.    Plate  II. 

This  species  falls  among  the  section  in  which  the  males 
have  lateral  tufts  of  hair  on  the  abdomen. 

Heiuj,  palpi,  and  lege  black,  vitik  whit«  spots,  anUmnae  ohest- 
nnt;  thorax  black  with  a  donal  white  streak,  and  white  on  the 
patagia  and  back  of  collar ;  abdomen  ochreona,  inclined  to  foscons 
above,  the  crests  darker,  tipped  with  white.  Fort-mni/  black, 
with  white  mai^tings,  the  median  area  parttj'  suffused  with  lilac, 
an  irregular  three-lobed  white  blotch  at  base ;  the  ant«median  line 
white,  angnlat«d,  and  numing  into  a  square  white  spot  on  inner 
margin;  the  orbicular  and  reniform  stigmata  black  with  whit« 
margins.  A  large  white  blotch  fills  the  remainder  of  the  wing 
beyond  the  postmedian  line,  but  it  is  interrupted  by  a  square  patch 
of  black  at  the  apez,  with  two  white  spots  in  it,  and  by  an  irregular 
black  pateh  at  anal  angle  which  is  connected  to  the  central  area. 
Hind-wing  fuscous,  but  whitish  at  anal  angle.     Exp.  40  mm. 

Elaeodes  proteoldes,  sp.  n.  Plate  I. 
Head,  palpi,  antennae,  and  collar,  pale  pinkish  ochreoua;  li^ 
the  same  colour,  with  tarsi  ringed  with  darker,  the  long  bain  on 
tibiae  paler.  Fort-icing  greenish  with  purple  blotchea;  ante- 
median  and  poetmedian  lines  pale  with  darker  maigins;  reniform 
and  orbicular  stigmata  with  some  pink  and  darker  markings,  ont- 
lined  by  a  pate  line;  e.  row  of  subterminal  black  dashes,  fringes 
spotted.  Hind-wing  brownish  with  pale  fringe,  and  paler  at  tbe 
base ;  a  faintly  darker  lunule  and  on  the  underside  a  dark  stiia. 
Exp.  32  mm. 

Rjpooalymnla  glorlosa,  sp.  d.  Plate  IV. 
The  venation  of  tbe  hind-wing  does  not  agree  with  HampooD's 
figure,  p.  186,  in  this  insect  there  is  a  distinct  vein  6  from  just 
above  the  lower  angle  of  cell.  Head  and  thorax  greyish  ochre- 
ODS,  legs,  antennae,  and  palpi  reddish  ochreous.  Fore-wing  coppeiy 
shot  with  purple;  an  angulated  pale  stripe  starting  from  thorai 
below  costa  reaches  to  inner  margin,  and  turns  at  the  bind  margin, 
gradually  becoming  narrower;  it  is  bordered  on  the  outside  by  a 
chestnut  semiciroular  line;  the  orbicular  and  reniform  stigmata 
are  of  the  some  colour,  and  towards  the  hind  margin  on  the  disc 
are  two  small  dark  dashea.  Hind-wing  and  fringes  pale  ochreous. 
Exp.  40  mm. 


Ij.y.l.AjL.yCOO'^lL' 


Nae  or  liiUt-kniAen  Seterocera  Jrom  Madagatcar.     91 

Stietoplen  peetlinta,  sp.  d.    Plate  IV. 

If  this  insect  does  not  constitute  a  distinct  genns  it 
shotild  be  placed  in  a  separate  division  on  account  of  the 
strongly  pectinate  antennae  of  the  male,  and  the  square- 
shaped  wings;  in  other  respects  it  follows  the  genus. 

Be^  and  temiiiial  joint  of  palpi  ochreom ;  l^s,  Antennae  and 
second  joint  of  palpi  nther  d&rker ;  collar  reddifib  ochreoiu,  pstagik 
puridiBh  brown;  abdomm  dark  giey  witb  pale  tuft.  fon-uii»g 
dark  marbled  with  grey,  green,  pnrple  and  brown ;  baaal  line  dark, 
nwrgined  witb  pater  extending  to  oell;  antemedian  obacarelf 
double,  greenisb;  metiiBn  line  sbarp  and  dork,  but  not  extending 
to  inner  margin ;  poetmedian  line  dark,  angulated,  and  inteiinpt«d, 
followed  by  two  brown  blotches  and  a  brown  subterminal  line. 
Bind-wing  dark  grey,  aubbyaline  at  base.  What  I  take  to  be  tile 
female  has  plain  antennae,  and  the  patagia  and  baaal  half  of  Ion- 
wing,  t<^lfae(  witb  a  postmedian  area  pale  grey.    Exp.  31  mm. 

Eutetla  anreo^eta,  ^p.  □.  Plate  IV 
Head,  antennae,  legs,  and  palpi  pinkish  grey;  thorax  and  creeta 
of  abdomen  coppery  bronze,  abdomen  pinkish  grey.  Fort-wing 
bronze,  with  grey  lines  and  chocolate  blotches;  basal  line  ill  de- 
fined, followed  by  three  chocolate  patches;  an  antemedian  angu- 
lated whitish  line ;  the  orbicular,  a  darii  dot  outlined  with  white ; 
the  renifonu  large,  oblique,  outlined  with  white,  with  a  dark  edging 
of  chocolate  on  the  inner  aide ;  three  ill-defined  chocolate  patches 
on  the  hind  margin,  and  tiocea  of  a  double  white  subterminal  tine; 
beiore  the  middle  patch  ifl  an  oblique  golden  spot,  followed  by  a 
minute  dot  of  same  colour.  Hind-wing  whitish,  with  a  broad 
fuscous  margin.  Underude  giey,  with  reddish  suffusion  towards 
the  margins,  and  a  white  spot  on  coata  before  the  apex.    Exp. 

EuteUa  oehreoplagata,  sp.  n.  Plate  II. 
Head,  1^,  antennae,  and  palpi  dark  fuscous ;  abdomen  without 
cTWta,  dark  fuscous.  Fort-wing  purplish  grey,  with  lines  much 
daiker;  basal  line  broad,  antemedian  line  double,  one  portion 
joining  with  central  line  on  inner  margin;  the  postmedian  line 
BugulBt«d  below  costa,  and  preceded  by  a  slightly  paler  patch; 
beyond  this  the  apex  becomes  abruptly  pale  ochreous,  and  pene- 
trating half  of  this  patch  is  the  subterminal  line,  consisting  of  six 
dark  brown  connected  spots.  Hind-wing  purplish  grey,  inclining  to 
ochreous  at  base,  with  three  angulated  transverse  lines,  the  outer- 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


92  Sir  Geo.  H.  Eenrick  on 

most  dark  brown,  frsngea  dork.    Undenide  foaootu,  pale  at  the 
base,  the  apioal  patch  dark  yellow.    Exp.  33  mm. 

Phlegetonla  pratti,  sp.  n.    Plate  III. 

Near  to  artipars,  but  the  male  has  the  tibiae  very  heavily 
fringed  with  hairs,  and  the  markings  are  somewhat  different. 

Head,  palpi,  U^  and  thorax  entirely  pale  ochreout,  aatemiae 
reddish  ocbreoiu;  abdomen  oohreoua  with  darker  cieots.  Fort- 
wing  pale  ochreons,  with  a  faint  purplish  gloaa  and  dark  bbtches ; 
baoal  line  indicated  by  a  dark  dot  on  the  coata,  the  antemedian  is 
a  dark  and  ainuoua  line  in  the  middle  of  a  brown  transverse  blotch ; 
there  is  a  dark  central  spot,  and  a  fine  indistinct  median  line,  followed 
by  two  others  nearly  parallel ;  the  postmedian  is  a  fine  dark  line, 
inwardly  angled  below  cell  and  on  vein  2;  on  its  umer  side  near 
the  costa  is  a  pale  blotch,  surrounded  by  a  dark  triangolar  patch 
on  costa  in  which  are  three  pale  costal  data;  the  subterminal  line 
is  fine  and  black,  and  there  is  a  ronnd  dark  dot  near  the  angle  on 
inner  margin.  In  ^e  female  the  whole  wing  is  darker,  and  the 
markings  are  obscured  by  a  dark  grey  central  band.  Hin^-ving 
pale  oohreona,  with  numerous  striae  and  a  double  dark  line  from 
anal  angle  to  middle  of  wing,  Bubt«rminal  line  very  fine  and  black. 
Exp.  40  mm. 

Blenina  hyblaeoides,  ap.  n.    Plate  III. 

Palpi  with  second  and  third  joint  well  developed;  tennen  of 
hind-wing  very  slightly  excised.  Head,  palpi,  thorax  and  1^ 
greenish  grey,  tarsi  ringed  with  black,  antennae  dark;  abdomen 
blackish  above,  with  orange  margins  to  the  segments,  ochreous  ' 
below.  Fore-iinng  greenish  grey  with  faint  pink  ceflections;  first 
line  black,  joining  a  black  basal  streak;  antemedian  line  oblique 
and  angulated ;  three  blaok  dots  at  end  of  cell,  followed  by  a  much 
angulated  postmedian  black  line,  edged  outwardly  with  paler; 
beyond  this  are  some  irregular  dark  brown  tooth-shaped  markings 
forming  a  subterminal  line.  Hind-wing  orange,  with  broad  fuscous 
margin  and  orange  fringes ;  in  one  specimen  there  is  a  wide  black 
transverse  band  quite  absent  in  the  other.  Underside  fore-wing 
fuscoue,  with  paler  costal  band,  interrupted  by  dark  central  spot. 
Bind-wirtg  orange  with  dark  marginal  band.    Exp.  33  mm. 

Chlorozada  purpurea,  sp.  n.    Plate  IV. 

The  position  of  vein  7  in  the  fore-wing  differs  from  the 
type  in  leaving  vein  8  beyond  the  end  of  the  cell,  but  this 
is  hardly  sufficient  for  the  creation  of  a  special  genus. 


u„,,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


i 


n,g,t,7.dh,  Google 


Nete  or  lit^knowm  Heterocera  Jrom  Madagascar.     93 

Anteniue  and  palpi  brown,  head  and  patagiA  pale  alive;  legs 
while,  abdomen  and  thorax  porplish  grey,  paler  below.  Fore- 
wing  whitish,  with  a  purple  cloud  occupying  the  centre  of  the  wing, 
and  leaving  a  narrow  pale  external  margin ;  traces  of  a  dark  basal 
blotch  edged  with  while  externally;  a  sinnous  fine  white  ante- 
median  line  edged  with  darker;  two  dark  dots  in  the  cenlral  area, 
followed  by  an  oblique  fine  white  angulated  poetmedian  line;  the 
mbterminal  line  takes  the  form  of  six  dark  dots  on  the  pale  apical 
aiea;  there  ia  a  dark  terminal  line  extending  half  way  down  the 
wing ;  fringes  pink.  Hind-mttg  uniformly  giey,  with  pale  fringes. 
Exp.  26  mm. 

Polydesnu  reotefueUta,  sp.  n.  Plate  IV. 
Head  and  thorax  fawn-colour;  antennae,  legs,  and  palpi  dark 
brown  with  numeroas  paJe  grey  hairs;  abdomen  fawn-colour  above, 
the  crests  darker,  paler  below.  Fore-wing  hind-margin  aubangular, 
fawn-colour;  anl«mediaa  line  whitish  edged  with  darker,  much 
angulated  and  interrupted;  stigmata  repreeenled  by  three  minute 
dots,  dark,  edged  with  paler;  from  jnst  before  the  angle  to  the 
oosta  there  is  a  group  of  fine  lines,  nearly  straight;  the  first  is 
white,  the  second  dark,  the  third  pink,  the  fourth  wider  and  dark 
brown,  the  fifth  pale  oohreous,  forked  at  the  top  and  expanding 
into  an  apit^l  patch  in  which  are  two  dark  dote;  beyond  these 
lines  there  is  a  broad  pink  area.  Bind-wing  yellowish,  broadly 
margined  with  fusoous,  but  again  yellowish  at  the  outer  margin; 
»  few  whitish  dots  at  the  angle.  Underside  uniformly  whitish 
diiokly  irrorat«d  with  black,  a  black  transverae  stria  and  central 
dot  in  both  winga.     Exp.  42  mm. 


Polydesma  tesselUta,  sp.  a.  Plate  IV. 
Antennae,  bead,  and  thorax  dark  brown,  palpi  brown  outside 
and  ocfareooe  inside;  abdomen  dark  brown  above,  ochreoua  be- 
neath, legs  ochreouB.  Fore-wtTig  brown  with  violet  shade,  the 
coata  with  a  seriea  of  dark  brown  spots;  a  baeat  patch  of  ochreoua 
jrroraled  with  black,  followed  by  aD,iiTegular  double  violet  line;  an 
indistinct  daric  median  line  and  a  strongly  marked  dark  poHtmedian 
line;  Aeroniform  stigma  outlined  with  a  pale  line,  and  with  internal 
lunule;  the  anbtenninal  line  much  angulated,  double,  and  whitish, 
followed  by  a  series  of  dark  marks  outlined  with  paler,  and  a  thin 
terminal  pale  line,  fringes  rather  paler.  Hind-tinag  umilar  to  fore- 
wing,  the  pattern  of  the  outer  portion  forming  a  continuation  of  the 
pattern  of  the  fiwe-wing.     Underside  ochreous,  with  lunules,  and  a 


u,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


94  Sir  Geo.  H.  Kenrick  on 

enrred  poatmedian  line  in  both  wings;  a  row  of  black  doU  along 
tha  maqpn.    Exp.  SO  nun. 

Builuu  eaUastnths.    Plate  IV, 

After  describing  and  figuring  this  insect,  it  was  identified 
with  Baniana  caUaxcaniha,  Roll.,  but  the  figure  could  not 
be  withdrawn. 

Ptaytometra  pratti,  sp.  n.  Plate  III. 
Head,  antennae,  palpi,  and  legs  smoky  grey,  thorax  and  abdo- 
men rather  paler.  Fore-mng  dark  grej,  with  coppery  reflecttona 
on  the  disc.  Neither  lines  nor  stigmata  are  visible,  hut  there  is  n 
fine  silveiy  line  from  inner  margin  near  the  base  extending  obliquely 
upwards  to  the  cell,  where  it  turns  outward  to  fonn  a  silvery  oblong 
spot,  in  continuation  of  which,  but  quit«  distinct  is  a  second  silvei; 
oval  spot.     Hind-wing  ochreous-grey.    Exp.  40  mm. 

Nlgranuna  malgassloa,  sp.  n.  Plate  IV. 
Head,  antennae,  palpi,  and  legs,  reddish  ochreous;  tegulae 
oohreous,  with  two  darker  transvene  bands,  patagia  dark  brown ; 
abdomen  reddish  grey.  Fort-mng  pale  ochreous  clouded  with 
reddish;  a  oonspicnoua  oval  basal  blotch,  edged  with  paler  and  not 
reaching  either  to  the  costa  or  inner  margin ;  there  is  an  antemedian 
darker  fine  line,  not  very  distinct,  and  a  similai  poetmedian  line  and 
three  dark  dots  at  end  of  cell;  on  the  inner  margin  theie  is  a  pale  dot 
near  the  anal  angle,  and  at  the  angle  another  pale  dot,  from  irtiioh 
extends  upwards  a  pale  subterminal  line ;  on  either  aide  of  this  is 
a  row  of  black  dots.  Hind-wing  uniformly  dark  grey,  fringes  paler. 
Exp.  34  mm. 

Corgatha  sublndlcata,  ap.  n.  Plate  III. 
Head  and  thorax  pale  ochreous,  palpi,  antennae,  and  legs  reddish 
brown;  abdomen  pale  at  the  base,  but  darker  on  the  remaining 
segments.  Fore-wing  pale  oohreous,  clouded  with  brownish  grey; 
antemedian  line  whitish,  slightly  angulated  at  cell,  and  edged  with 
darker;  central  shade  oblique,  straight,  and  brown,  reniform 
stigma  indicated  by  a  white  maigin;  poatmedian  white,  angled 
outwards  below  costa  and  oblique,  terminating  in  the  middle  of 
inner  margin;  a  fine  interrupted  snbtenninal  line  extends  front 
bdow  vein  2  to  vein  6 ;  beyond  this  is  a  distinct  pale  patch,  followed 
by  an  uignlated  brown  marginal  line.  Hind-wing  pale  ochreon^ 
with  two  oblique  dark  lines,  the  outer  one  maigined  with  white. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


New  or  little-known  Heterocera  Jrom  Madagaecar.     95 

And  bejond  this  an  &  few  dark  dote,  fringaa  pale  brown.  Tha 
nndenide  of  both  wings  mnoh  darker  than  the  upper,  and  the 
hind-wing  bee  a  well-defined  daA  margin.  The  angle  of  the  hind- 
wing  ia  Btiongly  orenulated,  poaaiblj  a  eexual  deTelopment.  Exp. 
»nim. 

Corgfttha  thyridoides,  sp.  n.    Plate  III. 

Head,  palpi,  anUmnae,  and  thorax  leddiah  oohreoua;  legs  reddiab 
ocbreone  with  the  tarsi  paler;  abdomen  reddiah  above,  paler  beneath. 
Fore-iping  pale  ochreouB  with  reddish  trrorations;  baaal  line  darker, 
extending  from  ooeta  to  middle  of  cell;  a  dark  angulated  ante- 
median  line,  followed  by  a  dark  central  dot,  and  this  again  by  an 
outwardly  angled  median  dark  line,  bejond  which  the  reniform 
stigma  is  outlined  with  darker;  the  postmedian  line  ia  etrongly 
angled  outwards  at  coata,  and  then  continued  obliquely  to  middle 
of  inner  margin ;  beyond  this  is  a  diffused  reddish  band,  after  which 
tbe  wing  is  paler,  with  the  snbt«rminal  line  indicated  by  three  black 
dots :  in  the  apex  there  is  an  indistinct  mai^al  row  of  dots.  Hind- 
winy  dull  red,  slightly  ochreous  at  the  base,  with  two  transverse 
dark  lines  beyond  which  is  a  paler  patch  with  some  grey  in  it ;  the 
anal  angle  of  the  wing  is  strongly  crenulate,  as  in  vubindieata. 
Underside  paler,  with  similar  markings.    Exp.  28  mm. 

This  insect  ia  figiireH  by  >SaalmulIer.  but  neither  named 
nor  described. 

OEUba  vlridaria,  sp.  n.  Plate  III. 
Head  and  thorax  ochreous,  with  a  faint  reddish  tinge ;  antennae, 
l^s,  and  palpi  ratiker  darker;  abdomen  pinkish  ochreous.  Fore- 
wing  dark  grey,  marbled  with  green  with  whitish  linee ;  basal  line 
indicated  by  dark  dots  on  costa;  an  outwardly  curved  whitish 
antetnedian  line;  the  reniform  stigma  pale  margined  with  darker; 
tlie  postmedian  line  whitish,  strongly  outwardly  curved  at  costa 
aad  margined  on  both  sides  with  darker;  beyond  this  the  wing  is 
whitish  ochreous,  with  a  half  round  dark  spot  on  costa  before  apex 
and  a  grey  cloud,  with  a  few  black  t«nninal  dots,  before  the  hind 
margin-    Hind-win^    uniformly    grey    with    paler   fringes.     Exp. 


Goaepleronla  Upunetata,  sp.  u.    Plate  III. 
Head,  palpi,  antennae,  and  legs  dull  reddish  ochreous,  tarai 
ringed  with  white.     Fort-tping  dull  reddish,   minutely  itTorat«d 
with  ochreous;    lines  darker,  antemedian  angulated,  sloping  out- 
wards from  ooMa,  median  line  nearly  vertical,  not  reaching  above 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


96  Sir  Geo.  H.  Eeurick  on 

reniform  stigma;  poBtmedian  line  much  angnlated  from  coeta  to 
vein  3,  then  turning  inwarda  abruptly  and  meeting  the  median 
line;  eabterminal  line  faintly  indicatod,  pale  ochreouB  and  much 
angnlated ;  the  orbicular  stigma  a  minute  white  dot,  and  a  aimilar 
white  dot  at  the  top  of  the  reniform  atigma ;  fringes  reddish.  Bind- 
wing  uniformly  greyish  ochreona,  fringes  paler.    Exp.  43  mm. 

Xanthodesm»  notugulita,  sp.  n.  Plate  III. 
Head,  antennae,  palpi,  legs,  and  thorax  ochreous-orange,  abdo- 
men dull  yellowish.  Fort-uing  dull  orange,  the  veins  all  dark 
brown ;  a  short  dark  basal  line,  a  straight  antemedian  line  sloping 
outward  from  costa,  a  postmedian  line,  strongly  angnlated  on  vein  6 ; 
from  the  middle  of  this  a  short  line  extends  to  the  reniform  atigma; 
the  Bubterminal  line  is  curved,  and  is  followed  by  a  distinct  ter- 
minal line.  Hind-wing  uniformly  dull  yellow;  fringes  of  fore-wing, 
orange  of  hind-wing  dull  yellow.  Underside  uniformly  dull  yellow. 
Exp.  44  mm. 

DELTOID  AE. 

Singari  albonuoiUs,  sp.  n.  Plate  III. 
Palpi  well  above  vertex,  second  joint  thickly  scaled,  third  joint 
bare  and  sharp;  antennae  bipectinated,  tibiae  spurred;  veins  3 
and  4  from  end  of  cell,  S  from  just  above,  6  and  7  from  upper  end 
of  oell ;  costa  nearly  straight,  hind  margin  rounded.  Head,  thorax, 
and  patagia  orange;  palpi  orange  outside  and  paler  inside;  legs 
oohreous,  antennae  pale  brown.  Fore-wing  orange  irroratod  with 
darker;  a  basal  dark  pateh,  followed  by  an  antemedian  line  curved 
inwards,  a  dark  ohbque  streak  from  apex  to  middle  of  inner  margin; 
the  orbicular  a  conspicuous  white  dot  with  dark  margin ;  the  reni- 
form also  white,  with  dark  margin  and  dark  centre.  Hivd-mng 
ochreouB,  the  outer  portion  inclined  te  orange;  a  narrow  median 
line  extending  te  vein  3,  fringes  narrow,  orange.  Underude  ochte- 
ODS,  the  fore-wing  with  three  dark  spots,  and  the  hind-wing  with 
dark  central  lunule.    Exp.  40  mm. 


PYRALIDAE. 

Acara  pratti,  sp.  n.    Plate  V. 

I  cannot  distinguish  any  generic  character  to  separate 
this  species  from  the  genus,  but  the  hind-wing  is  sqiiarer 
than  in  morosella,  and  vein  2  of  hind-wing  is  not  present 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


New  or  little'knoam  Beterocera  from  Madagascar.    VI 

as  shown  in  the  Sgure,*  but  this  is  not  mentioned  in  the 
description. 

Head,  lege,  and  tmtemiae  reddish  brown ;  thorax  ntber  brightor, 
psJpi  in  female  darker;  abdomen  shining  ochreoua  with  leddiah 
BUffosion.  Fore-udng  unifonnly  reddish  ochreoua,  the  co«t«  clothed 
with  ochieone  scales,  and  many  tranaverw  bars  of  the  same.  Hind- 
wing  yellowish  oohreous  without  markings.    Exp.  <}  CO,  $  TO  mm. 

Haoalla  malgassloa,  sp.  n.    Plate  VI. 

Somewhat  like  a  small  species  from  Natal. 

Head  white,  antennae,  palpi  and  legs  dark  gny;  thorax  duk, 
with  collar  and  patagia  grey ;  abdomen  ochreoua.  Fon-^ng  pale 
gny,  with  darker  markings;  an  antemediau  and  portmedian  line 
indicated  Ity  dark  dots,  a  darker  patch  in  the  c«ll;  snbterminal 
Hno  a  series  of  dark  dashes,  fringes  gKj.  Hind-wing  ochreotu. 
£xp.  24  mm. 

Taenuphoba,  gen.  nov.  (Sub-family  Epipaschianae). 
Palpi  porroct,  extending  twice  the  length  of  the  head,  seoond 
joint  fringed  with  hair  above  and  below,  third  joint  long  and  naked. 
Antennae  of  both  sexes  pectinated,  but  simple  at  the  tip;  tibiae 
with  fairly  long  spines.  Fort-mng  vein  6  from  end  of  cell,  7,  8, 
and  B  stalked.  Hind-wing  3,  4,  and  6  from  end  of  cell ;  median 
nermre  not  pectinated;  no  raised  scales  below  the  cell  on  the 
npper  side,  but  on  the  underside  of  the  fore-wing  the  scales  in  the 
cell  are  crowded  together,  and  slightly  raised ;  the  longitudinal  fold 
below  the  cell  in  the  fore-wing  in  the  m^e  has  no  scales,  but  a 
namber  of  vertical  striae ;  in  the  female  the  scales  are  uomiaL 

TienUphon  tubnurgtaiats,  sp.  n.  Plate  V. 
^Ipi  and  antennae  pale  ochieous;  legs  the  same,  with  reddish 
hairs  on  the  tibiae ;  thorax  and  patagia  reddish  ochreoua,  abdomen 
paler.  Fore-wing  pole  ochreous  with  fiiscoua  inner  and  hind  margin ; 
at  the  base  of  the  costa  is  a  blackish  shade,  followed  by  two  dark 
■pots ;  fringe  oohreoos  spotted  with  reddish ;  at  tbe  end  of  the  cell 
IB  a  conspicuous  black  dot,  and  beyond  this  a  series  oi  fine  black 
triangular  tnarka  margined  outwardly  with  paler.  Hind-wing  pale 
ochreous,  with  a  thin  black  marginal  line  and  pale  fringe.  Under- 
side pale,  broadly  margined  on  tbe  costa  of  both  wings  with  reddish, 
and  with  a  dork  spot  at  the  end  of  cell  in  both  wings.    Exp.  SO  mm. 

*  Hampson's  Moths  of  India. 
TEAN3.  BNT.  SOC.  LOST).  1917. — PAST  I.     (NOV.)  H 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


dS  Siz  Geo.  H.  Kenrick  on 

Slndris  leuoomelas,  sp.  n.  Plate  VI. 
Head,  legs,  antennae  and  palpi  olive,  patagia  the  same ;  thorkx 
and  abdomen  orange.  Fore-wing  olive  enfiiued  with  orange,  and 
with  three  distinct  white  blotchea,  one  roundish  on  hind  margio: 
one  in  the  middle  of  the  wing,  rounded  towards  the  body,  bnt 
forming  a  hroad  lateral  stripe  ontwardly;  one  at  apex  just  joining 
the  last,  and  with  three  pointed  teeth  on  the  ontode;  fringes 
ochreoUB.    Hind-wing  uniformly  golden.    Exp.  38  mm. 


LoFHOCE&A,  geD.  nov.  (Sub-family  Pyralinae). 
Palpi  aptnmed,  the  third  joint  well  developed  and  acuta,  pfo- 
bowis  prraent;  onteniute  pectinated  in  the  male,  with  a  bunch  of 
long  haiia  about  the  middle ;  venation.  Fort-wing  3, 1,  and  fi  from 
lower  end  of  oell,  6  from  upper  end,  7,  8,  9,  stalked.  Hind-ving  6 
from  end  of  cell,  7  ansetemoong  with  ft. 

Lophoean  flavlpuiieta,  sp.  n.    Plate  VI. 

Head,  legs,  palpi,  and  tboras  black,  patagia  and  collar  onnge, 

abdomen  orange,  tuft  black.    Fore-wing  black,  with  a  huge  yellow 

oblique  spot  beyond  the  end  of  the  celL    Htitd-wing  orange  with 

broad  black  border.    Underside  similar.    Ezp.  S  34  mm.,  $  30  mm. 

Fllodes  albotermlnalls,  sp.  n.  Plate  V, 
Paljn,  head,  antennae,  and  legs  oohreous;  antennae  barely  the 
length  of  the  fore-wing;  patagia  of  male  long  and  darker;  abdo- 
men golden  above,  paler  beneath,  tuft  conspicuously  white,  ^ore- 
wing  ochreoua  with  golden  suSuaion;  a  dark  spot  at  baae  of  ooeta, 
a  dark  antemedion  line  curved  ontwatds;  a  conspionooa  oblong, 
Innulated,  oblique  dark  spot  at  end  of  oell ;  a  postmedian  «.iignlf.tjiH 
dark  line  thickeet  at  costa;  beyond  this  the  wing  is  greyish;  in 
some  specimens  a  dark  dot  in  the  celL  Hind-wing  with  oottxal  spot. 
Exp.  36  nun. 

modes  frlsMlls,  sp.  n.  Plate  VI. 
Head,  palpi,  antennae,  thorax,  and  abdomen  dark  grey;  lep 
and  underaide  silvery  white.  Fort-wing  dark  grey,  with  alight 
tinge  of  purple;  the  antemedian  line  central  shade,  and  poat- 
median  line  more  or  leas  distinctly  divide  the  area  into  four  nearly 
equal  portions ;  in  the  cell  is  a  dark  spot,  and  a  da^er  mark  at  the 
end  of  the  cell.    Hind-wing  with  central  spot  and  tranavene  lino 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


h,Googlc 


New  or  liule-knoton  Heterocera  from  Madagascar.    99 

rather  indistinct ;    these  ma.rfcing«  are  clearer  on  the  onderBide. 
Exp.  32  mm.    One  $. 

Boeehorls  rectUlimlli,  sp.  n.  Plate  V. 
Head,  antennae,  and  palpi  pole  r>chreoua ;  pectus  and  le^  silvery 
white ;  thorax  ochreona  with  two  dark  apats  on  collar ;  abdontMi 
with  a  golden  tinge,  toft  paler.  Fore-wing  ochreous  miffiued  with 
pale  lilac,  the  ooeta  paler;  an  indiatinct  dork  basal  line,  an  angu- 
lated,  broad  dark  antemedian  line,  a  faint  dark  maHc  at  end  of 
cell;  a  broad  dark  nearly  Htraight  oblique  poatmedian  line,  followed 
by  a  lanab  fainter  thin  parallel  line.  Hind-teing  pole  with  d^rk 
central  spot,  angulated  dork  line  and  brood  dark  border,  strongeet 
at  apex ;  a  fine  Babt«rminal  pale  line,  fringes  darker.    Exp.  24  mm. 


Boedwria  tenuilinwlli,  sp.  n.  Plate  V. 
Head,  palpi,  and  legs  pale  ocbreouB,  antennae  pale  brown ;  thorax 
and  abdomen  whitish.  Fort-wing  semi-hyaline  with  golden  sheen, 
the  veins  showing  dark ;  a  dark  basal  spot,  a  straight  obliqtie  ante- 
median  line,  the  angle  formed  by  it  and  the  inner  maigin  being 
darker,  a  very  faint  dot  at  end  of  cell,  and  a  fine,  dark,  evenly 
curved  poatmedian  line.  Hind-vnng  pale  at  base,  with  an  irregular 
darker  Innnle,  and  a  fine  curved  median  line,  the  veins  darker; 
fiingea  pole  golden.    Exp.  23  mm. 


Sylepta  malgsssiea,  sp.  n.  Plate  VI. 
Head  aod  antennae  ochreous,  palpi,  flnt  joint  white,  seocmd  joint 
ochreona :  legs  pale  ochreona  and  silvery;  thorax  and  abdomen 
ochieoiiB.  Fort-wing  ffey,  with  gold  and  purple  sheen ;  a  whitish 
blotch  at  base  extending  to  first  line,  which  is  dark;  the  cell  itself 
is  whitish,  with  dork  spots  at  either  end ;  beyond  this  is  a  strongly 
angulated  dark  line,  followed  at  costa  by  a  white  blotch  with  two 
teeth ;  below  tbg  cell  is  another  white  blotch ;  at  apex  is  a  small 
dark  streak.  Hind-wing  whitish,  with  dark  Innule  and  angulated 
line,  tile  margin  widely  bordered  with  fuscons.    Exp.  26  mm. 


SyhptB  aeutlpeniulls,  sp.  n.    Plate  VI. 

Head  doll  orange,  palpi  darker,  antennae  pale  brown;    legs 

silvery,  the  tibiae  of  the  median  pair  of  1^  with  a  long  toft  of 

yellow  hair  tipped  with  darker;    thorax,  a.bdomen,  and  patagia 

pale  brown,  toft  blackish.    Fort-mng  pale  brawn  with  buff  patches 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


100  Sii  G«o.  H.  Eenrick  on 

— 'the  two  fitst  in  the  cell,  the  third  very  amall  at  end  of  cell,  the 
fourth  large,  extending  in  triangular  form  from  the  oosta  to  vein  4, 
and  margined  outride  hy  a  dark  line.  Hind-wing  with  two  faint 
striae  enclosing  a  paler  space.    Exp.  26  mm. 

Glyphodes  parftmlralis,  sp.  n.    Plate  VI. 

On  comparing  this  iosect  with  Swinhoe's  description  of 
amicalis,  and  the  type  of  this  and  of  vubamicalis  in  the 
.  Natural  Hiatory  Museum,  I  am  convinced  that  this  is  a 
diflerent  species. 

Head,  antennae,  palpi,  and  legs  whitish;  thorax  and  abdomen 
fnscOQS  brown,  collar  and  patagia  dove^colonr.  Fore-wing  daric 
brown  sofEused  with  purple,  with  two  semi-hjaline  bonds  with 
violet  refleotions;  the  first  band  oblique,  and  sharply  angulated  on 
the  outAide;  the  second  wide  on  the  oosta,  and  tapering  to  a  pomt 
a  little  below  the  third  vein ;  a  taint  pole  dot  at  end  of  oelL  Hind- 
wing  similar,  with  one  trioiigalar  traosvetHe  hyaline  band  bordered 
outside  bj  a  double  oblique  dark  line,  beyond  which  the  diso  bos  a 
greenish  reflection;  fringes  paJe,  but  not  white.     Exp.  36  mm. 

Pyreosta  aureoflnctalls.  sp.  n.  Plate  Y. 
Head,  antennae,  and  palpi  pale  brown,  legs  and  nnderaide  of 
thorax  white;  thorax  and  abdomen  orange,  patagia oanajy-yellow. 
Fon-wing  semi-hyaline  with  golden  reflections;  aotemediaa  tine 
indieated  by  two  dork  dots;  a  dark  dot  at  end  of  cell,  and  two 
dote  nearer  to  inner  margin,  the  postmedian  indicated  bj  four  faint 
dote.  Hind-wing  similar,  with  a  row  of  dark  marginal  dote,  fringes 
golden.    Exp.  34  mm. 

Pynnita  elutalis,  sp.  n.  Plate  VI. 
Head,  antennae,  and  palpi  dark  brown,  legs  paler,  and  the  tani 
ringed  with  dark  brown;  thorax  and  patagia  greeniih  grey;  abdo- 
men pale  brown,  tuft  pale.  Fort-wing  greenish  grey  mottled  with 
paler;  a  cnrved  antemedian  line  darker,  a  ainaoua  median  line,  and 
a  postmedian  angulated  line,  curving  outwards  froro  the  casta  but 
not  reaching  the  inner  margin.  Hiiid-mng  pole  brown  without 
mukings,  fringes  paler.     Exp.  32  mm. 

pyraiuta  marglnesorlptalls,  sp.  n.    Plate  VI. 

Head,  palpi,  and  antennae  dull  red,  legs  red  above,  silvery  below ; 

thorax  and  abdomen  above  dull  ted,  paler  below,  tuft  pale.     Fort- 


n,g,i,.eih,.G00glc 


^1  >!  I 


ZV      ^ 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


JioD  or  UOle-hwtm  Heteroeem  from  Madagaicar.    101' 

temg  nniftMrnly  doll  pink  with  Inown  inoratiotu ;  a  few  black  tcalea 
oUiqiKlj  jdaced  iitdicate  tbe  nntemediaD  line,  and  there  is  a  dark 
maifc  at  end  of  cell;  tbe  snbterminsl  line  is  very  distinct,  cod- 
siating  of  fine  black  angolaUona.  Hind-ioing  aemi-hyaline  and 
whitish,  fringes  of  both  wiu^  pale.     Expt  34  mm. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


(    102     ) 


IV.  AddUi&ns  lo  the  knowledge  of  the  Cetoniidae  o/"  British 
India.  By  Ouvbr  E.  Janson,  F.E.S. 

[Bead  FebnuTy  7tb,  IQIT.] 

The  basis  of  this  contribution  is  an  interesting  and  well- 
preserved  series  of  Indian  Cetoniidae  collected  by  the  late 
Captain  B,  Selous,  and  placed  in  my  hands  for  identification 
by  his  brother,  Di.  C.  F.  Selous,  who  has  most  generously 
allowed  me  to  retain  any  of  the  specimens  that  I  desired 
for  my  collection.  A  Ibt  of  the  species  with  the  collector's 
notes  that  accompany  them  is  given  below,  followed  by  a 
description  of  the  veiy  pretty  new  Anatona  that  he  bad  the 
good  fortune  to  discover, 

I  have  taken  this  opportunity  to  describe  three  other 
new  Indian  species  that  nave  recently  come  into  my  posses- 
sion from  other  sources,  and  of  giving  references  to  the 
additions  that  have  been  made  to  the  family  since  the 
publication,  in  1910,  of  the  admirable  volume  by  Mr,  G,  J. 
Arrow,  on  the  Cetoniidae  of  the  "  Fauna  of  British  India." 
I  have  also  added  some  notes  on  a  few  errors  and  omissions 
in  that  work,  and  relative  to  the  subject  of  this  contribution. 

List  of  the  Cetoniidae  collected  by  the  Late 
Captain  B.  Selous. 

1.  Anthracophora  crucifera,  Oliv. 

Mhow.    "  On  grass,  September  1905,"  one  specimen. 
A  common  and  widely  distributed  species,   but  not 
hitherto  recorded  from  Central  India. 

2.  Analona  selousi,  n.  sp. 

Mhow,  "  Found  on  Nil  Gai  dung,  July  15th,  1905," 
one  specimen. 

Of  this  very  distinct  and  pretty  new  species  a  single  male 
example  only  was  found  by  Capt.  Selous, 

3.  Adhiessa  bagdadensis,  Burm. 

Quetta.  "  Found  flying  and  on  the  ground,  March  lltb, 
1907,"  two  specimens. 

TSAHS.  ENT.  8O0.  LOND.  1917. — ^FABT  I.     (ifOV.) 


Ml.  Jaosoa'B  Addiliims  to  Cetoniidae  of  Bnlish  India.     103 

A  rathet  scarce  species,  occurrine  in  Armenia,  Meso- 
potamia, Peisia  and  Afghanistan,  and  already  recorded  by 
Arrow  from  Baluchistan. 

4.  Protaetia  (Polosia)  impavida,  Jans. 

Kashmir.  "  On  flowering  bush,  July  1906,"  one 
specimen. 

This  species  appears  to  be  confined  to  the  northern  parts' 
of  India  and  is  not  common. 

5.  Protaetia  (Potosia)  negleda,  Hope. 

Baodipur  Nallah,  Kashmir.  "  On  flowering  bushes, 
July  and  September  1906,"  three  specimens. 

A  common  and  somewhat  variable  Indian  species,  with 
a  range  extending  northwards  to  E.  Turkestan. 

6.  Protaetia  {Eumimimeltca)  terroaa,  G.  F. 

Near  Mhow,    "  July  27th,  1905,"  one  specimen. 

7.  Protaetia  aU>oguUala,  Vigors. 

Mhow.  "  On  grass  and  flowering  plants  and  flying  to 
lamp,  June  to  August,  1905,"  nine  specimens. 

A  common  and  generally  distributed  Indian  species 
ext«nding  into  Ceylon,  but  not  before  recorded  from  Central 
India.  Capt.  Selous'  series  include  blue,  green  and  fine 
coppery-red  varieties. 

8.  Oxi/cetonia  versicolor,  !Fab. 

Mhow,  "  On  Date  Palms,  July  7th,  1905,"  two  speci- 
mens. 

Capt.  Selous'  specimens  of  this  very  variable  and  widely 
distributed  species  are  the  typical  form  (the  "  var.  a  "  of 
Arrow),  with  a  shining  upper  surface,  and  the  prothorax 
and  elytra  extensively  adorned  witli  red, 

9.  CMoloba  acuta,  Wied. 

Mhow.  "  On  grass,  August  and  September  1905,"  four 
specimens. 

10.  Bpicometia  kirteUa,  Linn. 

Quetta.  "  Eating  Iris  flowers,  March  and  April  1907," 
nine  spedmeus. 

This  species  is  an  addition  to  the  list  of  Indian  Cetoniidae. 
The  very  doseiy  allied  E.  squalida,  Linn,,  is  recorded  by 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


104  Mr.  Oliver  E.  Janson's  Additions  to 

Arrow  from  the  same  locality ;  both  are  common  Kuiope&n 
species  and  of  wide  distribution,  ranging  through  Asia 
Minor,  Mesopotamia  and  western  Persia  to  Baluchistan, 
where  the  Indian  fauna  assumes  a  very  Palaearctic  char- 
acter. All  Capt,  Seloua'  specimens  have  a  second  white 
spot  on  the  outer  discal  costa,  a  httle  before  the  middle 
of  the  elvtra,  that  I  do  not  find  present  in  any  of  the  many 
.European  examples  that  I  have  had  an  opporttmity  of 
examining. 

Anatona  salousi,  n,  sp. 
<^  Body  of  &D  oval,  compaot  and  convex  form.  Caat&nemu, 
shining;  baae  of  head,  the  prothorax  and  elytra  teataoeoos  red, 
opaque,  and  with  shining  oaatoneooB  matkinga  diepoeed  as  follows : 
On  the  prothorax  a  mai^pnal  band  on  each  aide,  and  eight  small 
apoto,  viz.  three  placed  in  a  nearly  r^nlar  longitudinal  row  on  each 
aide  of  the  disc  and  two  in  the  middle  (both  prolonged  anlariorly 
with  a  t«ndenoy  t«  form  a  median  stripe);  on  the  ecnt«llum  an 
apical  spot  prolonged  anteriorly ;  on  each  elytron  eight  spots,  viz. 
one  in  the  middle  near  the  baae,  one  near  the  suture  and  just  before 
the  middle,  one  about  equidistant  between  the  laet  and  the  apex 
and  close  tn  the  suture,  and  four  adjoining  the  outer  margin,  the 
first  at  the  lateral  sinus,  the  second  and  third  (both  small)  behind  the 
middle  and  the  fourth  close  to  the  sutural  angle.  The  pygidium  and 
the  sides  of  the  prothorax,  sternum  and  abdomen  with  irregular 
chalky-white  markings.  Head  somewhat  flattened  between  the 
eyes,  coarsely  and  confluently  punctured ;  clypeus  long,  narrowed 
in  front,  with  a  slight  median  carina  and  slightly  prodnced  and 
strongly  reflexed  angles.  Ftothoiaz  nearly  as  broad  in  the  middle 
as  at  the  base,  strongly  narrowed  in  fiont,  the  base  feebly  tri-sinnat« 
and  with  the  lateral  angles  rounded;  the  disc  with  a  very  fine  and 
sparse  puncturatioo  which  becomes  coarser  and  very  much  closer 
in  front  and  towards  the  sides.  &cutellum  large,  slightly  rounded 
at  the  sides,  impunctate.  Elytra  feebly  bi-coetat«,  with  six  discd 
rows  of  small  and  rather  remote  pnncturcs,  the  sides  with  scattered 
fine  punctures  and  the  apex  slightly  strigose.  Fygidinm  spanely 
setose  and  remotely  punctured,  transversely  strigose  only  in  the 
middle.  Underside  thinly  clothed  with  yellowish-grey  pubescence 
and  punctured  at  the  sides ;  metastemum  with  an  impressed  median 
line ;  sternal  process  broad,  rounded  and  with  an  impre«aed  hii8Ut« 
line  just  before  the  apex ;  abdomen  with  a  broad  central  depression. 
Legs  stout,  anterior  tibiae  with  two  large  margin^  teeth,  and  the 
apex  rather  obtuse,  all  the  femora  and  tibiae  thinly  fringed  with 
long  golden-grey  hair.    I«Dgth  17  mm.,  breadth  9  mm. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


the  knoteledge  1/  the  Celwiiidae  of  Brititk  India    105 

Mbow  (Type,  coll.  Janson) ;  Poona  (c<^.  Briiish  Museum). 

Apart  from  the  very  peculiar  coloration  this  pretty 
species  differs  from  its  nearest  ally,  A.  aiboguUala,  fiuim., 
in  it£  narrower  and  less  convex  foim,  in  having  the  pro- 
thorax  more  abruptly  narrowed  in  front,  the  clypetis  more 
strongly  caiinate  and  the  pygidium  strigose  only  in  the 
middle.  The  darker  markings  on  the  npper  side  are  pro- 
duced by  the  absence  of  the  lighter  coloured  opaque 
indumentum,  that  covers  the  other  parts  of  the  stuface, 
leaving  the  derm  exposed  and  with  a  talc-like  lustre.* 
I  have  named  the  species  after  the  discoverer,  the  late 
Captun  R.  Selous. 

Clerota  rtglflca,  n.  sp. 

Black  and  veiy  ahiiiiiig  above  and  below,  with  <naiige-7ellow 
m^rfcingK  cmmpiiBuig  ft  medifto  atripe  on  the  bead,  a  marginal  band 
on  each' Bide  and  a  median  atripe  on  the  prothorax,  a  spot  000a j^ing 
neori;  the  whole  of  the  Bcatellom,  a  broad  and  alightlj  einooua 
longitudiiial  stripe  on  each  elytron  and  a  large  triangular  patch  on 
each  lide  of  the  pygidium.  The  sidee  of  the  meeotboraoio  epimera, 
metathoracic  epistema  and  poBt-cozae,  and  a  large  spot  at  the  mdea 
of  the  fint  to  fourth  abdominal  segmeato  are  aleo  otange-yellow. 

Head  finely  and  sparingly  pnnotured  in  the  middle,  more  ooanely 
panctored  in  the  lateral  fonows,  olypeus  aligbtly  ainuoua  at  the  udes 
and  distinctly  widened  in  front.  Prothorax  almoet  as  bioad  ae  the 
elytra  at  the  baee  and  obliquely  narrowed  to  the  apex,  broadly 
■nlcate  behind,  very  minntely  and  remotely  punctured  at  the  sides. 
Elytia  slightly  narrowed  behind  and  separately  rounded  at  the  apex, 
anlcate  at  the  sntnie,  the  middle  third  of  the  disc  with  several  rows 
of  more  or  lees  obsolete  poncturee,  the  sntural  stria  feeble  and 
becoming  obsolete  before  reaching  the  middle,  the  apical  third  of 
the  sides  and  the  apex  very  cloeely  and  deeply  strigose.  ^rsidium 
btoad  and  transversely  convex,  closely  and  concentrically  strigose. 
Underside  of  the  body  almoet  entirely  smooth,  the  flanks  of  the 
piDtltorax  and  sides  of  the  basal  abdominal  segment  feebly  strigose ; 


Iritish  HuBenm,  has  these  shining  spaoes  covered 
to  a  large  extent  with  a  dense  white  sqaamose  or  farinose  clothing, 
which  is  apparently  very  lightly  attached  and  eaailj  rubbed  oS,  and 
in  my  type  specimen  is  only  present  to  a  small  extent  on  the  sides 
of  the  prothorax  and  on  the  pygidium.  It  would  most  probably 
be  found  that  in  fteehly  emerged  examplee  the  clothing  entirely 
covered  the  spaoes,  so  that  the  markings  of  the  npperside  would  be 
white  instead  of  oastaoeons  as  I  have  described  Uiem. 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


106  Mi.  Oliver  E.  Jansoo's  Additions  to 

meaosternal  proocM  vei7  broad  at  the  baM,  pointed  and  slightly 
onrved  inwarda  at  the  apex;  anterior  tibiae  with  the  two  lateral 
teeth  and  the  prodnced  apex  acute.  Length  36  mm.,  breadth  17  mm. 

MouLMEiN,  Lower  Bunna  (Type  in  coll.  Janaon). 

This  fine  species  is  closely  allied  to  C  viltigera,  Hope, 
but  is  larger  and  of  a  more  robust  form,  the  prothorax  is 
broader  at  the  base  and  less  sinuate  at  the  sides,  the  elytra 
more  parallel-sided  and  longer  in  proportion  to  the  pro- 
thorax,  and  the  aedea^rus  of  the  mate  is  much  broader  and 
lees  constricted  before  the  apex. 

The  type  specimen,  a  male,  was  taken  flying  by  the  late 
Col.  Bingliam  in  August  1894,  and  I  have  others  from 
Penang;  Mana  Riang,  Sumatra;  and  Euching,  Borneo. 
This  distribution  would  seem  to  indicate  that  it  ia  a  Malayan 
^>ecies  with  a  range  extending  northwards  into  southern 
Burma. 

C.  bodhiiaUva,  Kunck.,  an  evidently  closely  allied  species 
from  Annam  and  Tonkin,  and  only  known  to  me  by  descrip- 
tion, is  of  a  much  larger  size  (44  mm,  in  length)  and  luu 
yellow  markings  on  the  elytra  only. 

Clerots  amwl,  n.  sp. 

$  Shining  hiaok,  the  outer  edge  of  the  epimera  and  posterior 
ooxae,  and  a  Hmall  spot  on  the  sidee  of  the  second,  third  and  fourth 
abdominal  aegmenta  orange-yellow. 

Head  stmngly  punctured,  the  pnnoturee  of  an  ovate  form  in  hont 
and  coaTHei,  cloeer  and  irregularly  confluent  towards  the  apex,  the 
extreme  base  smooth;  clypeus  a  little  narrowed  towards  the  apes, 
the  apical  lobes  rounded  and  with  a  strongly  reflexed  margin,  the 
raised  side  margins  becoming  almost  obsolete  before  teaching  the 
eyes.  Prothorax  obliquely  narrowed  from  the  base,  with  the  aides 
slightly  sinuons  and  very  narrowly  margined,  the  basal  angles 
obtuse,  the  entire  surface,  exoepting  a  narrow  and  rather  indistinct 
median  line,  with  a  very  strong  punoturation  that  becomes  more 
dense  as  it  approaches  the  sides  and  strigiforro  close  to  the  lateral 
margins,  the  basal  lobe  broad  and  slightly  depressed  but  not  sulcata. 
Scntellum  slightly  snlcate  and  smooth  in  the  middle,  pnnctnred  at 
the  base,  the  apex  very  acute.  Elytra  gradually  narrowed  from  the 
base  and  sub-truncate  at  the  apex,  the  basal  part  very  convex  and 
smooth,  strongly  punctured  on  the  median  third,  the  pnnctur«e 
extending  to  the  hnineral  c^osity  at  the  side  and  forming  five  or 
six  tolerably  regular  rows  in  the  middle,  and  one  row  next  the  suture 
that  extends  to  the  base,  the  apical  declivity  and  the  stdee,  behind 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


the  huftdtdge  of  the  Cetoniidae  of  Britiak  India.    107 

the  middle  finely  and  oloMly  strigoae.  I^gidinm  and  tbe  aplul 
doml  Mgmeiit  of  the  abdomen  finely  and  closely  atrigofle,  the  former 
Tery  prominent  And  feebly  bi-nodoae  at  the  apex.  Underside  ooanely 
bat  rather  spusely  pnnctuied  on  tbe  meta-eoxae  and  ddee  of  the 
metMteninm ;  mesoatemal  prooeas  gradnallj  narrowed  to  the  apex 
wbere  it  ia  acnte.  Legs  closely  strigose  on  the  femora  and  oat«r 
side  of  the  tdbiae,  anterior  tibia  with  the  two  marginal  teeth  and  the 
prodaoed  apex  veiy  aonte.    Length  33  mm.,  breadth  16  mm. 

Ehasia  Hili^,  Assam  (Typ«  in  coU.  Janson). 

The  strongly  raised  mai^ns  of  the  ftpical  lobes  of  the 
clypeuB  form  a  semicircular  rim  to  a  pit-like  cavity  on 
either  Bide,  and  coalesce  with  the  narrow  median  carina 
at  the  base  of  the  excision  :  this  peculiarity  and  the  atrongly 
punctured  and  non-sulcate  prothorax  and  closely  strigose 
legs  will  suffice  to  at  once  distinguish  G.  arrowi  from  all 
the  hitherto  described  members  of  the  genus.  In  general 
aspect  it  most  nearly  resembles  narrow  examples  of  C. 
budda,  G.  P.,  that  ate  without  the  usual  yellow  markings 
on  the  uppeTside. 

Pseadoelwleothea  rltsemae,  n.  sp. 
Body  of  a  narrow  oral  form  and  deeply  channelled  along  the 
median  line  of  the  npperside.  Dark  grass-green,  shining;  the 
wdee  and  suture  of  the  elytra  with  a,  reddish  Unge  in  some  lights; 
head,  sides  of  the  prothorax  and  onderside  golden  green;  antennae, 
palpi,  tibiae  and  torsi  fatvona  tinged  in  parts  with  green  and  coppery 
led.  Head  sparsely  punctured,  convex  and  smooth  in  the  middle; 
olypeoB  a  little  widened  in  front,  margined  at  the  sides  and  deeply 
notched  at  the  apex.  Prothorax  strongly  narrowed  in  front,  th« 
ndes  nnnouB  and  slightly  emarginate  at  the  basal  half,  the  basal 
an^^ea  prodnoed  and  snb-acnte,  smooth  on  the  diao,  panctured  and 
strigose  at  the  sides.  Soatellnm  panctured  at  the  base  only. 
Hytaa  gradually  narrowed  posteriorly,  separately  rounded  at  the 
apex,  the  mtnral  an^^es  a  little  produced  and  acnte,  some  scattered 
fine  punctaree  in  the  sntnral  depression  and  a  regular  raw  next  the 
mtme,  at  the  sides  fonr  or  five  rather  confused  rows  of  punc- 
tures on  the  bsaal  half  and  thence  irregularly  strigose  to  the  apex. 
Pygidium  prominent  ukd  closely  strigose,  deeply  grooved  and  hi- 
nodooe  at  the  apex.  Undenide  of  the  body  almost  impunctate; 
■terool  process  broad  at  the  base  and  obliquely  narrowed  to  a  point 
at  the  apex ;  abdomen  concave  in  the  centre  and  broadly  emarginate 
at  the  apex.  Front  tibiae  slender,  curved  and  withont  marginal 
teeth;  hind  tibiae  on  the  innerside  with  abroad,  thin  and  flattened 


u„,,i,Aji^,Coot5lc 


108  Mi.  Oliver  E.  Janson's  Additions  to 

appendage  carving  forwards,  and  towards  ita  extremity  narrowed 
and  strongly  bent  baokwards  in  the  form  of  a  sharply  pointed  hook. 
Length  26  mm.,  breadth  12  mm. 

In  the  female,  besides  the  usual  sexual  characl«i8,  the  prothotax 
is  broader  in  middle  than  in  the  male,  the  pygidium  is  only  feebly 
bi-nodoBe,  the  apex  of  the  abdomen  is  broadly  rounded  and  the  last 
segment  and  the  apical  part  of  the  preceding  one  have  a  oouse 
setigerooB  punotuiation,  and  the  ont«r  apioal  spine  of  the  hind 
tibiae  is  broad  and  bi-mncronate. 

Ranqoon  and  Penang  (Types,  ^,  $,  in  caU.  Janson). 

This  species  comes  neatest  to  P.  vtrene,  Kitsema,  but  is 
smaller  and  of  a  much  narrower  and  more  parallel-sided 
form,  and  has  the  piothorax  more  strongly  sinuate  at  the 
sides.  The  male  difieis,  moreover,  in  the  form  of  the 
appendage  of  the  hind-tibiae,  and  the  female  in  having 
the  pygidium  sulcat*  and  the  apical  ventral  segment  of 
the  abdomen  rounded,  instead  of  broadly  emarginate  as 
it  is  in  vireite. 

P.  riisemae  is  the  first  Psetidochdcothea  (if  kept  as  distinct 
from  Pledrons)  that  has  been  discovered  on  the  mainland, 
the  genus  being  essentially  an  insular  one,  with  its  head- 
quarters in  North  Borneo,  and  the  occurrence  of  this 
species  at  Rangoon  brings  it  just  within  the  Umits  of  the 
British- Indian  fauna.  Pledrone  tristis,  Westw,,  b  recorded 
by  Wallace  from  Penang. 

Maaronota    baliUifera,    Bourg.,   Bull.   Soc.   Ent.    France, 
1914,  p.  292. 

This  is  the  jiavofasciata.  Arrow  (nee  Moser),  and  is  de- 
scribed by  Bourgoin  as  a  distinct  species,  differing  in  the 
structure  of  the  hind-fibiae  in  the  male.  It  is  recorded 
from  Bhutan  and  Assam. 

The  "  female  "  specimen  in  ray  collection  referred  to  by 
Arrow  ("  Fauna  Brit.  Ind.,"  Ceton,,  p.  52)  proves  apou 
dissection  to  be  a  male,  and  is  the  tme,  fiav^asdata,  Moser, 
from  Tonkin.  The  females  of  both  species  are  apparently 
still  unknown. 

Clinleria  sternalts,  Moser,  Deuts.  Ent.  Zeite.,  1910,  p.  532. 

This  addition  to  the  Indian  Fauna  would  appear,  from 
the  description,  to  come  nearest  to  C.  modesta,  Blanch.,  in 
coloration,  but  is  stated  to  have  the  mesostemal  process 
broad  and  flat,  a  character  not  found  in  any  other  member 
of  the  genus.     It  comes  from  Pegu,  Lower^Buima. 


ih,Cooi^lc 


the  knowledge  of  the  Cetaniidae  of  British  India.     109 

Qlycosia  durdi,  Pouill.,  Insecta  iv,  1914,  p.  187. 

From  the  description  and  figures  this  is  evidently  a 
slight  vanety  of  G.  luctifera,  Fairm.,  with  markings  Bimilai 
to  those  of  the  Indian  specimens  described  by  Arrow. 
It  is  also  from  Bhutan. 

The  FOLLowiNa  Notes  refer  to  the  "  Fadna  of 
British  India,"  Getoniinae. 

Macronata,  p.  41. 

In  the  synonymy  and  sub-genera  CoUodera,  Hope,  1831, 
is  cited  as  ondescribed ;  it  was  later  emended  to  Cododera, 
and  characterised  by  Burmeister,  Handb.  Ent.  iii,  1842, 
p.  320. 

M.  diardi,  p.  43. 

The  two  specimens  referred  to  (p.  44)  with  black  elytra 
and  purple-black  prothorax  are  in  my  collection,  and  came 
from  the  late  M.  Jacoby,  labelled  "  Ceylon  (W.  Morton)." 
This  locality  is  most  probably  incorrect,  as  I  now  have 
similar  specimens,  from  the  van  de  Poll  collection,  from 
Mana  Riang,  Sumatra,  and  this  form  has  since  been  de- 
scribed as  a  distinct  species,  under  the  name  maindroni, 
by  Boutin,  Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  France,  1916,  p.  133. 

M.  mearesi,  p.  45. 

The  type,  as  cited  by  Weetwood,  was  in  the  Party  collec- 
tion, which  was  dispersed  by  auction-sale,  and  the  par- 
ticular "  lot "  comprising  this  specimen  was  bought  by 
Mr.  R.  Oberthur,  in  whose  possession  it  should  now  be 
found. 

Cyphonocephtdus  amaragdyluB,  p.  69. 

Reference  to  Westw.,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  1878,  p.  29, 
pi.  1,  %s.  3,  4,  is  omitted. 

TorynorrMna  distinda,  p.  82. 

Var,  mlipes,  Burm.  Handb.  Ent.  iii,  p.  779;  Westw., 
Arcana  Ent.  i,  p.  120  and  192,  is  omitted  from  the  synonymy. 
This  is  the  brassy  green  variety  and  usually  has  the  legs 
tinged  with  blue. 

Rhomborrhina  microcephala,  p.  87. 

Var.  staudingeri,  Nonf.  Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.,  1890,  p.  17, 
is  omitted.    Nonfried  described  this  as  a  variety  of  micro- 


iM-,i,A  J  li,  Google 


110  Mr.  Oliver  E.  Janson'a  AMUiotu  to 

cephala,  but  the  descriptioa  applies  to  the  typical  form, 
and  the  name  therefore  sinks  aa  a  synonym. 

The  specimen  bearing  the  "  Type  "  label  from  the  Parry 
collection,  cited  by  Westwood,  is  in  my  possession. 

Helerorrhina  sinuatocoUis,  p.  96. 

The  type  is  incorrectly  stated  to  be  in  the  Paris  Museum. 
The  specimen  described  and  figured  by  Westwood  (as  a 
variety  of  degans.  Fab.),  as  cited  by  him,  was  in  the  Parry 
collection,  and  is  now  in  my  possession.  It  bears  Pany's 
"  Type  "  label,  and  must  be  regarded  as  the  type  of  this 
species,  Westwood's  description  taking  priority  over  that 
of  smaragdina,  Burm.  [nee  G.  P.),  and  it  is  the  type  of  the 
latter  that  is  in  the  Paris  Museum. 

AtuUona  alboguUata,  p.  115. 

Reference  to  Westw.,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  1874, 
p.  476,  pi.  7,  fig.  i,  is  omitted. 

Glycyphana  minima,  Bates,  Entomologist,  xxiv,  1891, 
Supp.  p.  21. 
This  species,  founded  on  a  single  specimen  stated  to  have 
been  received  from  Captain  G.  Young,  from  the  Hill  region 
of  Kulu,  Korth- western  India,  is  omitted.  Mr.  Arrow 
informs  me  that  he  doubts  the  correctness  of  the  locality 
assi^ed  to  it,  and  behoves  it  will  prove  to  be  of  Malayan 
origm.  I  have  at  present  seen  nothing  from  India  that 
agrees  with  the  description. 

Ooliathopsis  despedus,  p.  206. 

The  type  of  this  species  is  undoubtedly  the  specimen  in 
the  Oxford  Museum,  which  I  have  examined  and  found  to 
agree  with  Westwood's  description  and  figures.  It,  more- 
over, has  the  mouth-parts  extracted  and  moimted  on  a 
card  beneath  the  specimen,  as  is  usually  the  case  with  the 
Westwoodian  types.  I  have  before  stated  (Cist.  Ent.  ii, 
1881,  p.  610)  that  Westwood's  figures  were  evidently  not 
made  from  the  specimen  that  is  in  the  British  Museum. 

The  examination  of  the  type  of  despectus  has  shown  me 
that  cervm,  Jans.,  is  not  the  same  species.  In  comparing 
the  two  forms  (the  female  type  in  both  cases)  I  find  that  in 
cervus  the  clypeus  is  more  broadly  and  strongly  refiexed 
at  the  apex  (especially  at  the  sides,  where  it  projects  in  an 
obtuse  angle),  the  prothorax  is  conspicuously  larger  and 


n,g,i,.eih,.G00glc 


&e  knowledge  of  the  Cetoniidae  of  British  India.      Ill 

more  convex  and  has  the  basal  angles  more  prominent; 
it  is  also  of  an  altogether  stouter  and  more  robust  form 
than  despetiua,  and  the  mouth-parts  differ,  as  will  be  seen 
on  comparing  the  figures  that  accompany  the  original 
descriptionB  of  both  species. 

The  following  that  have  been  relegated  by  the  author  to 
the  rank  of  varieties  and  synonyms,  have,  I  coosider, 
sn£Bcient  distinctive  features  to  warrant  their  retention  as 
species: 

Cypfumocephaltts  stmiTagdtdus,  Westw.,  sunk  under  C. 
Uivaceus,  Dap.,  p.  69. 

Heterorrhina  mitrata.  Wall.,  sunk  under  Diceros  divea, 
Westw.,  p.  72. 

Gtycifphana  svbcincta,  Jans.,  sunk  under  0.  torquata,  F., 
p.  124. 

Protaeiia  aerata,  Er.,  sunk  under  P.  orienUdis,  G.  P„ 
p.  143. 

Clinieria  valida,  Lansb.,  sunk  under  C.  auronoUUa,  Bl., 
p.  179. 

Clinteria  decora,  Jans.,  sunk  under  C.  Idvgi,  Hope,  p.  187. 

Agestrata  samson,  Sharp,  sunk  under  A.  orichalcea,  L., 
p.  192. 

GcAieUhopsis  cervus,  Jans.,  sunk  under  G.  despectus, 
Westw.,  p.  206. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


(     112    ) 


Y,  On   the  Protocerdmim   of  Micropteryi    [Lepidoptera). 
By  P.  A.  Buxton,  B.A.,  F.E.S.,  M.R.C.S.,  Fellow 
of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge  (Lieut.  R.A.M.C.). 
[BMd  FebnMff  Tth,  1917.] 

Plates  VII-X. 
Table  of  CoNTENra. 

FoBiwoBD us 

iNTBODucnon .        .  .        .        .        .Ill 

Thb  Fkotoobbbbrdh  of  MlCaOPTBRYZ — 

I.  The  Neurilemma  and  Ganglion  Cells               .         .  118 

n.  The  Protocerebral  Lobea 120 

UL  The  Mushroom  Body 124 

IV.  The  Central  Body 133 

V.  The  Bridge 134 

VI.  The  Viaual  Centres 136 

Vn.  The  Frotocerebral  Tracts 136 

SVHMABT 138 

TXCHKIQIII — 

I.  Fixation  and  Impregnation 141 

n.  Section  Cutting 145 

m.  Staining 146 

IV.  Note  [Composition  of  BeagenU)    .  .148 

BiBUOOIUPBT 149 

Abboktiations 151 

EXFLANATIOir  OF  Pl^TES 152 

FOREWORD 

Moke  than  four  years  ago  I  commenced  to  study  the 
internal  anatomy  of  Micropteryx  {Eriocephala)  in  the  hope 
that  I  might  be  able  to  throw  some  light  on  the  question  of 
its  systematic  position.  As  is  well  known,  most  entomo- 
logists regard  it  as  a  primitive  ]>pidopteron  (Protolepido- 
ptera),  though  thete  ia  really  gmte  as  good  ground  for 
regarding  it  as  a  Trichopteron.*  I  am  now  ia  a  position 
to  publish  my  results  only  in  so  far  aa  they  relat«  to  a 
portion  of  the  brain  of  that  insect.     This  I  do  with  a  feeling 

*  Vidt,  however,  Dr.  Chapman's  paper  (Trans.  Ent.  Soc.,  1916. 
pp.  310-4,  pL  81-93,  (1917)),  which  raises  ificropferyz  to  ordinal 
rank  (order  Zeugoptera). 

TRANS.  ENT,  800.  LOND.  1917. — PART  I.      (NOV.) 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lL' 


Mr.  P.  A.  BuztoD  on  Prolocerebrum  q^  Micropleryx.    113 

that  aome  apology  should  be  made,  because  I  do  not  at 
any  rate  describe  the  whole  brain  :  it  is  owing  to  the  war 
and  pressure  of  other  work  that  there  is  no  likelihood  of  my 
being  able  to  carry  my  investigations  further.  This  paper 
is  however  complete  in  itself,  and  is  not  of  the  nature  of  a 
preliminary  note.  From  the  point  of  view  of  comparative 
anatomy,  the  Frotocerebrum,  with  which  alone  this  paper 
deals,  is  by  far  the  most  important  part  of  the  insect  brain, 
not  only  on  account  of  its  complicated  stracture,  but  also 
because  of  certain  qnestions  relating  to  the  homologies  of 
some  of  its  parts.  Such  questions  of  homology  do  not  at 
present  arise  in  connection  with  the  Deuterocerebrum  or 
Tritocersbrum,  or  ventral  brain.  My  hope  that  my  inves- 
tigations would  throw  Ught  on  the  systematic  position  of 
MicTopUryx  will  not  be  fulfilled  until  we  can  compare  the 
brain  of  this  insect  with  a  number  of  other  Lepidopterous 
and  Trichopterous  brains,  after  they  have  been  fully  and 
properly  investigated. 

I  have  made  some  attempt  to  render  this  paper  useful 
also  as  an  introduction  to  the  study  of  the  brain  of  insects; 
this  I  think  is  justified,  because  it  is  the  first  paper  on  the 
Babject  published  in  Great  Britain  since  1878  (Newton), 
and  I  know  by  bitter  experience  how  exceedingly  difficult 
it  is  to  obtain  a  clear  knowledge  of  the  subject  from  a 
variety  of  papers  written  by  many  men  in  many  languages 
at  different  dates.  My  taak  has  been  rendered  difficult 
by  the  small  size  of  Micropteryx,  which  is,  I  believe,  the 
smallest  insect  of  which  the  brain  has  been  investigated 
in  any  detail. 

I  take  this  opportunity  of  acknowledging  how  much  I  am 
indebted  to  many  friends  in  the  University's  Zoological 
Laboratory  at  Cambridge,  particularly  to  Mr.  F.  Balfour 
Browne  for  constant  criticism  and  much  good  advice,  and 
for  reading  through  the  whole  paper  before  it  was  pubUshed ; 
also  to  Mr.  L.  A.  Borradaile  for  helping  me  with  the  theory 
of  the  segmentation  of  the  head  of  the  Arthropoda ;  also 
to  Dr.  D.  Keilin  of  the  University  of  Paris,  and  of  the 
Quick  Iiaboiato^  and  Magdalene  College,  Cambridge,  for 
putting  at  my  disposal  his  deep  knowledge  of  fixing  and 
staining.  Canon  W,  Brocas  Waters  gave  me  a  room  to 
work  in,  while  I  was  stationed  in  Bury  St.  Edmunds  on 
military  duties. 

I  must  also  acknowledge  my  indebtedness  to  Dr.  K.  F. 
Kiihnle  of  Stuttgart  for  his  paper  on  the  brain   of  the 

TBAN8.  airr,  soc.  lond.  1917. — pabt  i.    (nov.)  i 


114  Mr.  P.  A.  Buiton  on  the 

Earwig  and  other  types  (see  Bibliography),  which  gives  a 
full  review  ol  insect  neurology  up  to  1913,  together  with  a 
bibliography  and  a  table  of  the  terminology  of  the  insect 
brain,  which  has  materially  lightened  my  labours.  This 
paper  is  by  far  the  most  important  contribution  which  has 
yet  been  made  to  insect  neurology. 

All  my  material  has  been  collected  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Cambridge,  and  I  have  worked  entirely  with  Micro- 
jjteryx  {Eriocephala)  •  adthdla  (Linn.),  and  not  with  any 
other  species. 

INTRODUCTION. 
The  anterior  part  of  the  central  nervous  system  of  insects 
consists  of  a  suprateeophageal  portion,  which  is  the  biain  in 
the  narrow  sense  of  the  wonl.  From  this  the  circum- 
cesophageal  conomissures  pass  round  the  (esophagus  to  the 
ventrocerebrura  or  subc^phageal  portion  of  the  brun. 
Most  authors  include  this  also  in  the  brain  of  the  insect. 
The  supracesoph^eal  ganglion,  or  brain  in  the  narrow  sense 
of  the  word,  was  foimd  by  Viallanea  to  be  composed  of  three 
paired  elements  or  neuromeres,  which  he  believed  to  be 
segmental ;  these  give  rise  to  the  parts  of  the  brain  to  which 
he  gave  the  names  Protocerebrum,  Deuterocerebrum  (or 
Deutocerebrum)  and  Tritoceiebnun.  We  now  know  that 
the  Protocerebrum  is  not  a  segmental  ganglion ;  and  it 
will  be  convenient  at  this  point  to  give  a  short  sunmiar>'  of 
the  results  obtained  by  those  who  have  studied  the  subject 
of  the  segmentation  of  the  head  of  the  Arthropoda,  and  the 
homologies  of  the  various  appendages  throughout  the  class 
from  the  point  of  view  of  comparative  embryology.  The 
whole  matter  is  one  of  great  difficulty,  and  has  been  neg- 
lected by  insect  neurologists;  as,  however,  it  is  a  matter 
which  bears  directly  upon  the  subject  of  this  paper  I  give 
this  summary  of  our  knowledge  in  so  far  as  it  affects  the 
insect  protocerebrum. 

*  The  eubj«ct  of  this  paper  belongs  to  the  true  genus  Mieropltrffx 
Hlibner.  lliiH  genus  nas  been  referred  to  in  some  writings,  e.g, 
Meyrick's  Handbook,  the  Cambridge  Natural  History,  etc.,  ander 
iU  synonym  Erioctphala  Curtis :  while  the  leaf-mining  eenus  erron- 
eously called  "  Micropleryx  "  in  certain  of  the  same  works  should  be 
known  as  EHocrania  Zeller. 

Sriocephala  Curtis  =  MicTDpteryx  Hilbner. 

"  Micropleryx  "  auctt-  (nee  Hiibner)  =  Sriocrania  Zeller. 

See  Tutt,  Brit.  Lep.,  I,  pp.  129-137  (1899).  and  Steudinger-Rebel, 
Cat..  U.  pp.  246-8(1901). 


l„y,|,AjL.,   Cookie 


Protocere6mm  <^  Mu^opleryx.  115 

The  brain  of  the  Arthropoda  in  its  fullest  development, 
tiiat  is  to  say  as  exemplified  in  the  brain  of  the  embryo  of 
Scolopendra  (Heymons),  consists  of  the  following  parts : 
au  archicerebrum,  which  is  median,  unpaired  and  preoral : 
three  lobes  on  each  side,  the  ajiicerebral  lobes,  the  outer 
two  of  which  arise  from  a  common  rudiment ;  these  also 
are  pteoral,  and  together  with  the  archicerebrum  form  the 
syncerebrum :  the  preantenuary  ganglion,  or protocerebrum, 
which  is  the  ganghon  of  the  &:st  somite,  or  true  segment ; 
we  believe  that  this  was  primitively  postotsi,  but  it  is 
preoral  in  all  living  Arthropoda :  the  deuterocerebrum  or 
anteonary  ganglion,  and  the  tritocerebnim  or  premandi- 
bular  ganglion,  which  correspond  respectively  to  the  second 
and  tMrd  somites.  It  may  be  said  at  once  that  the  deutero- 
cerebrum and  the  tritocerebrum  correspond  in  Heymone' 
nomenclature  to  the  organs  which  I  shall  subsequently 
describe  under  those  names.  This  is  not,  however,  the  case 
with  the  protocerebrum,  for  that  word  has  been  used  in  a 
great  vanety  of  senses.  In  the  development  of  the  insect 
head  that  part  of  the  central  nervous  system  which  entomo- 
lo^ts  generally  call  the  protocerebrum  (Viallanes)  is 
develop^  from  the  archicerebrum  and  the  syncerebral 
lobes  ;  we  do  not  yet  know  which  parts  of  the  insect  brain 
correspond  to  which  of  these  structures,  except  that  the 
outer  syncerebral  lobe  gives  rise  to  the  optic  lobe,  and 
Haller  suggests  that  the  mushroom  body  is  formed  from 
the  archicerebrum.  The  preantenuary  ganglion  or  proto- 
cerebrum of  Heymons  is  not  found  at  all  in  the  insect 
head,  and  is  to  be  carefully  distinguished  from  that  part 
of  the  br^Q  which  is  commonly  called  by  that  name.  The 
aynouymy  is  further  complicated  because  the  preantennary 
gangUon  or  protocerebrum  of  Heymons  is  the  precerebnim 
of  VerhoelT,  and  the  word  "  protocerebrum  "  has  been 
used  ID  yet  a  third  sense  to  denote  the  procerebrmu  of 
Heymons,  that  is  the  syncerebrum  and  preantennary  gang- 
lion (protocerebrum]  together.  The  word  protocephalum 
has  been  used  by  Holste,  and  perhaps  by  others,  to  denote 
that  part  of  the  brain  which  is  dorsal  to  the  gut  in  the 
insects :  »'.  e.  the  syncerebrum  of  Heymons  (the  proto- 
ceiebnun  of  insect  neurologists  since  the  time  of  Viallanes), 
with  the  deuterocerebrum,  and  the  tritocerebrum. 

I  shall  continue  to  use  the  word  protocerebrum  in  the 
sense  in  which  neurologists  from  the  time  of  Viallanes  have 
alvays  employed  it,  though  I  should  be  glad  to  avoid  a 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


116  Mr.  P.  A.  Buxton  on  the 

word  to  which  bo  many  meanings  have  been  assigned.  By 
it  I  mean  a  mass  of  nerve  tissue  arising  from  that  preoral 
part  of  the  embryo  which  is  not  segmented  and  which  bean 
no  appendages.  It  b  the  nervous  element  corresponding 
to  the  acron  of  some  embiyologists,  and  it  is  not  the  serial 
homologue  of  the  deuteioceiebmm  and  tritocerebrum 
(mesocerebrum  and  metacerebmm  of  some  writers  on  the 
segmentation  of  the  Arthropoda).  The  protocerebrum  of 
insects  is,  in  fact,  the  synceiebrum  of  Heymons,  unless  it 
contains  some  element  not  yet  differentiated  as  belonging 
to  the  pteantennary  ganglion. 

In  tlus  paper  I  propose  as  I  have  said  to  deal  solely  with 
the  protocerebrum.  I  give,  however,  the  following  brief 
summary  of  the  function  and  connections  of  the  other  two 
BupracBsophageal  ganglia.  The  deuterocerebrum  is  the 
ganglion  of  the  antenna,  to  which  it  gives  motor  and  sensory 
nerves.  The  pair  of  ganglia  fomung  the  deuterocerebmm 
are  united  across  the  middle  line  above  the  cesophagus,  and 
lie  before  and  below  the  prutocerebral  lobes.  They  are  the 
antennaiy  or  olfactory  lobes  of  some  authors.  The  deutero- 
cerebrum gives  rise  to  the  paired  sympathetic  system,  which 
lies  upon  the  lateral  wall  of  the  cesophagus  on  each  side ;  thia 
consists  of  two  pairs  of  small  gangha  with  nerves  which  con- 
nect them  to  each  other,  and,  as  is  known  in  some  insects,  to 
the  median  or  tritocerebral  sympathetic  system.  The  pair 
of  ganglia  composing  the  tritocerebrum  lie  on  each  side  of 
the  anterior  part  of  the  cesophagus  and  are  generally  fused 
above  to  the  rest  of  the  supraoesophageal  brain.  The  lower 
part  of  the  tritocerebrum  is  the  circumoesophageal  connec- 
tive or  commissure.  This  ganglion  supplies  the  labrum, 
but  has  no  paired  appendage  connected  with  it  in  the 
insectfi;  a  band  of  fibres,  the  tritocerebral  bridge,  passes 
across  from  one  side  to  the  other  beneath  the  oesophagus. 
The  tritocerebrum  also  gives  rise  to  a  pair  of  fine  nerves 
which  run  forwards  and  inwards  to  the  frontal  gangUon, 
which  lies  upon  the  upper  surface  of  the  anterior  part  of  the 
oesophagus.  This  is  the  largest  ganglion  of  the  sympathetic 
system :  from  it  a  fine  nerve  runs  forwards  and  another 
backwards.  This  latter,  the  nervus  recttrrens  of  some 
authors,  connects  the  frontal  ganglion  with  a  short  chain  of 
ganglia  lying  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  oesophagus,  and 
from  this  unpaired  sympathetic  system  the  stomodaeum 
is  innervated. 

The  suboesophageal  ganglia  or  nerve  masses  will  not 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


ProtocerArum  of  Micropteryx.  117 

agwn  concein  us.  They  are  formed  by  the  fnaion  of  fonr 
segmental  ganglia,  the  mandibular,  the  intercalary,  the 
mazillaiy  and  the  labial.  The  intercalary  ganglion  has 
hardly  been  noticed  by  insect  neurologists ;  the  correspond- 
ing appendage  is  the  maxilliila,  which  is  vestigial  or  absent 
in  adult  insects ;  the  ganglion  is  accordingly  ill-developed 
or  absent.  The  other  three  ganglia  are  mainly  if  not 
entirely  motor  and  sensory  centres  to  their  respective 
append^es. 

AH  the  nerve  centres  of  insects  consist  of  the  following 
layers.*  They  are  hounded  externally  by  a  neurilemma, 
which  is  a  thin  syncytial  structure.  Witlun  this,  and  lying 
loosely  in  a  qiiantity  of  fluid,  are  the  nerve  cells,  or  ganglion 
cells.  The  processes  of  these,  the  axons,  pass  inwards  to 
form  the  innermost  part  of  the  centre;  here  they  unite 
in  very  lai^e  numbers  to  form  the  tissue  known  as  axonic 
sabstance  (or  fibrillar  material],  which  consists  of  innumer- 
able axons  and  their  twigs  bound  together  by  a  varying 
amount  of  neuroglia.  Of  this  axonic  substance  two  types 
may  be  distinguished;  the  first  is  that  which  is  called 
Piuiktsubstanz,  or  Marksnbstanz,  or  neuroepongium ;  its 
composition  was  first  accurately  explained  by  Viallanes. 
Until  his  day  it  had  been  known  as  a  tangled  web,  bnt 
in  it  he  distinguished  very  fine  axis  cylinders  running 
in  all  directions,  and  their  twigs,  and  also  the  neurogfia. 
In  the  second  type  of  fibrillar  substance,  the  Fasersub- 
stanz,  the  axons  run  in  bundles  and  form  welt-defined 
tracts  in  which  there  b  little  or  no  neuroglia.  The 
distinction  between  these  two  types  must  not  be  insisted 
upon,  for  every  degree  of  intergradation  may  be  found; 
even  in  the  most  indisputable  Funkteubstanz  small  tracts 
of  fibres  may  generally  be  detected.  Physiologically  again 
the  difference  is  one  of  degree,  though  Fasersubstanz 
is  mainly  a  tissue  of  conduction,  Funkteubstanz  one  of 
association,  that  is  to  say  one  in  which  impulses  pass  from 
one  neuron  to  another. 

Two  parts  of  the  brain  may  be  connected  either  by 
fusion  of  their  component  Punktsubstanz  (Versckmdzuvgen, 
soudnrei),  or  by  definite  tracts  of  Fasersubstanz  {Faaer- 
^>erbindungen).  This  distinction,  again,  has  only  a  relative 
value. 

Before  we  pass  to  examine  the  structure  of  the  various 


iM:,i,A  J. ^,  Google 


118  Mr.  P.  A.  Buxton  on  the 

parts  of  the  protocetebnim  it  should  be  realiaed  that  this 
portion  of  the  brain  ia  not  merely  a  complex  but  also  an 
entity.  We  might  compare  it  physiologically  to  the  cere- 
brum of  a  vertebrate.  Both  are  known  to  be  the  highest 
or  governing  centres  of  the  organism ;  both  possess  a  soli- 
darity or  unity  of  action ;  both  consist  also  of  parts,  each 
of  which  in  its  turn  is  not  only  an  anatomical,  but  also  a 
physiological  entity.  We  are  quite  justified  in  regarding 
the  protocerebrum  of  an  insect  as  the  headquarters  from 
which  are  directed  all  those  complicated  reactions  and 
instincts  of  the  organism  which  give  to  it*  activities  what 
at  any  rate  appear  to  be  purpose,  and  adaptation  to  the 
surroundings.  There  is  too  great  a  tendency  to  lay 
emphasis  on  the  potentialities  for  independent  action 
which  are  undoubtedly  possessed  by  the  lower  nerve 
centres  of  the  insect.  In  all  but  the  very  lowest  insects 
there  is  a  marked  degree  of  speciaUsation  in  the  structure 
and  function  of  the  protocerebrum,  and  this  fact  of  ita 
solidarity  should  not  be  allowed  to  pass  from  the  mind  while 
we  study  in  detail  the  structure  and  perhaps  something  of 
the  function  of  its  parts. 


THE  PROTOCEREBRUM  OP  MICROPTERYX. 

I.  The  Neurilemma  and  Ganguon  Cells. 

The  whole  brain  of  Micropleryx,  that  is  to  say  the  axonic 
parts  and  the  cells,  is  included  in  a  limiting  membrane  or 
Neumlemma  (Plate  X).  This  is  a  very  fine  sheet  of 
substance  which  stains  well  with  the  acid  stains.  It  is 
certainly  a  syncytium  in  Mxcropteryx,  and  probably  in  all 
insects.  In  places  where  no  ganglion  cells  intervene  be- 
tween the  neurilemma  and  the  a.xonic  part  of  the  brain 
the  two  are  closely  applied  to  each  other,  and  the  neuri- 
lemma can  hardly  be  distinguished,  though  in  material 
fixed  in  the  picro-chlor-acetic  mixture  it  can  generally  be 
seen.  Occasionally  the  nuclei  of  the  neurilemma  can  be 
seen  even  when  the  layer  itself  la  indistinguishable.  The 
neurilemma  is  somewhat  thickened  mid-dorsally,  partly 
owing  to  the  fact  that  a  number  of  tracheal  tubes  (Plate  X) 
lie  in  it  in  this  position,  partly  owing  to  the  presence  of  a 
number  of  the  nuclei,  the  celb  corresponding  to  which  have 
fused  to  form  the  syncytium  of  which  the  neurilemma  con- 
sists.   These  nuclei  are  elongate  and  smaller  than  those  of 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lc 


Pratocer^mim  of  Micropteryx.  119 

"  normal "  ganglion  cells.  They  ettan  deeply  with  hema- 
toxylin. The  neurilemma  is  continuous  over  the  whole 
brain  dorsally  and  ventrally  and  also  over  the  optic  lobes ; 
it  ia  continued  downwards  to  cover  the  ventral  parte  of  the 
central  nervous  system. 

The  Gakouon  Celis.— These  are  spread  over  the  whole 
anterior  and  superior  parts  of  the  brain,  in  a  layer  which 
reaches  its  greatest  thickness  mid-dorsally.  The  layer  is 
discontinuoas  or  absent  beneath  the  protocerebnim.  On 
the  upper  side  of  the  brain  the  cells  may  be  as  many  aa 
15  ce\&  deep,  particularly  near  the  middle  line  between 
the  ocelli.  Various  types  of  ganglion  cell  must  be  distin- 
guished. They  all  possess  a  spherical  nucleus  and  a  very 
small  quantity  of  cytoplasm.  The  normal  cells  (j.  c.) 
cover  the  protocerebnim  above,  before  and  behind.  Cells 
of  this  type,  which  is  much  the  most  abundant,  are  either 
motor  or  else  cells  of  connecting-fibres  (Kenyon).  The 
cells  of  the  mushroom  body  {mb.c.)  are  found  as  a  rounded 
mass  of  cells  lying  just  over  the  head  of  that  organ.  Their 
nuclei  stain  heavily  with  htematoxylin ;  they  are  also 
smaller  than  the  normal  cells.    The  fibres  from  these  cells 

Ess  into  the  mushroom  body.  The  distinction  in  size 
tween  these  cells  and  those  of  the  normal  type  is  not  very 
great ;  it  can  be  best  observed  in  material  fixed  in  Gilson's 
fluid.  The  celb  of  the  optic  lobes  (o.  c.)  are  still  smaller 
than  those  of  the  mushroom  body;  and  their  nuclei 
are  absolutely  spherical  and  stain  very  heavily  and  com- 
pletely. No  structure  within  the  nucleus  can  he  detected 
in  ordinary  sections  and  this  gives  to  the  masses  of  cells  a 
very  characteristic  appearance.  The  c}^plasm,  per  contra, 
is  scarcely  stained  at  all.  These  cells  form  a  deep  coating 
which  completely  envelopes  the  three  optic  ganglia;  this 
layer  is  less  deep  above  than  below.  In  Mtcropleryx  giant 
cells  (gi.  c.)  are  found  in  small  numbers  round  the  base  of 
the  mushroom  body  just  where  it  passes  into  the  proto- 
cerebral  lobes  (fig.  12,  etc.).  These  cells  are  few  in  number, 
hardly  more  than  a  score  on  each  side.  Their  nuclei  are 
sphencal  and  about  four  times  as  large  as  those  of  normal 
cells ;  there  is  a  considerable  quantity  of  cytoplasm,  which 
can  be  stained  with  eosin;  this  distinguishes  it  at  once 
from  the  cytoplasm  of  the  other  types  of  ganglion  cell. 
The  nucleolus  is  generally  clearly  seen.  Haller  states  that 
these  cells  are  mainly,  but  not  entirely,  concerned  with 
conduction  across  the  middle  line,  and  that  their  axons 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


120  Mr.  F.  A.  Buxton  on  the 

pass  to  the  opposite  side  of  the  brain,  to  the  antennary  lobe 
or  head  of  the  mushroom  body,  or  even  into  the  optic 
lobe.  Inside  the  brain  are  found  small  cells,  lying  singly 
or  in  ^ups  (Plate  X).  Kiilmle  refers  to  them  as 
neurogha  cells  {ng.)  and  doubtless  he  is  conect  in  so  doing. 
They  are  found  particularly  in  the  space  surrounding  the 
central  body  and  in  the  interval  between  the  two  capsules 
of  that  organ ;  there  are  also  a  few  on  the  surface  of  the 
stem  of  the  mushroom  body  and  in  other  places  (PI.  X). 
The  nucleus  of  a  neuroglia  cell  is  pyriform  or  elongate  and 
stains  deeply,  and  its  outline  is  generally  irregular.  The 
nucleus  is  smaller  than  that  of  a  "  normal  "  ganglion  cell. 

The  axons  from  the  ganglion  cells  enter  the  axonic  part 
of  the  brain  vertically ;  and  they  are  generally  united  into 
small  bundles  at  their  point  of  entrance.  It  is  to  this  that 
Kiihnle  gives  the  name  Eitislrommung. 

Spherical  black  granules  occur  among  the  cells  in  material 
fixed  in  osmic  acid,  or  any  mixture  containing  osmic 
acid;  These  granules  are  not  found  in  material  fixed  in 
any  other  fluid,  and  I  regard  them  as  unsaturated  fat. 
They  are  found  among  the  ganglion  cells  and  are  quite 
definitely  extracellular. 

A  note  on  technique  is  given  at  the  end  of  the  paper; 
suffice  it  to  say  here  the  cells  may  be  studied  in  material 
fixed  in  the  picro-chlor-acetic  fluid,  but  that  some  specimens 
may  with  advantage  be  fixed  in  Bouin'a  or  Gilson's  fluids, 
especially  for  the  study  of  the  different  types  of  cell. 

Trachkation.  —  In  the  brains  of  most  insects  fine 
tracheal  trunks  can  be  detected  ramifying  in  the  fibrillar 
part  of  the  organ.  This  is  not  the  case  in  Micropteryx, 
perhaps  because  of  the  extremely  small  size  of  the  whole 
insect :  ao  far  as  I  can  discover  there  are  no  tracheae  at  all, 
either  in  the  ganglion  cell  layer  or  the  axonic  fibrillar  part 
of  the  brain.  There  is  a  considerable  collection  of  tracheal 
trunks  (tr.)  in  the  neurilemma  which  lies  over  the  mid-dorsal 
part  of  the  brain  (Plate  X),  and  it  is  at  lea.<;t  possible  that 
it  is  the  fimction  of  these  trunks,  which  are  large  and 
numerous,  to  oxygenate  the  brain  by  diffusion  through  the 
fluid  which  lies  beneath  the  neurilemma. 

II.  The  Protocerebral  Lobes. 
The  protocerebnmi  of  insects  is  generally  described  as 
consisting   of   the   protocerebral   lobes   and   the   various 
etructures  such  as  the  mushroom  body,  the  central  body. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


Protocerdmim  of  Micropteryx.  121 

the  bridge,  the  ocellarj  gloDienilus,  and  the  optic  lobes. 
The  term  "  protocerebral  lobes  "  is  a  compreheitaive  term 
for  the  great  mass  of  the  protocerebrum  in  or  upon  which 
the  other  structures  lie.  The  word  "  lobes  "  is  perhaps 
unfortunate,  but  its  use  in  all  papers  from  an  early  date  to 
the  present  day  renders  it  a  classical  term.  In  all  insects 
the  protocerebral  lobes  {pc. !.)  fonn  by  far  the  greater  part 
of  the  brain ;  they  are  bilaterally  symmetrical  about  the 
middle  line,  but  they  are  not  divided  from  one  another  by 
a  raphe.  Eiilmle  describes  their  fusion  across  the  middle 
line  (Versckm^zung),  "  above,"  "  below,"  etc.  This  is  per- 
fectly accurate,  but  it  would  give  a  clearer  impression  to 
say  that  the  two  lobes  are  united  over  their  whole  extent 
at  the  middle  line,  except  that  in  the  centre  a  space  (la 
loge,  Viallanes)  is  left  in  which  lie  the  central  body  and 
ocellary  glomenili,  and  the  inner  root  of  the  mushroom 
body. 

The  union  of  the  two  sides  in  Micropteryx  is  complete, 
but  much  less  definite  posterodorsally.  Only  a  very  vague 
web  of  fibres  covers  the  central  body  in  this  region.  It 
would,  for  instance,  be  possible  for  a  micro-organism  to 
swim  down  from  the  flmd  in  which  the  ganglion  cells  he 
through  this  web  into  the  space  surrounding  the  central 
body.  The  protocerebral  lobes  together  form  a  rounded 
mass,  with  it£  longest  axis  in  the  transverse  direction. 
The  mass  is  flattened  above,  and  prolonged  downwards  to 
fuse  with  the  deuterocerebnim  and  the  tritocerebrum. 
The  dividing  line  between  the  deutero-  and  trito-cerebrum 
cannot  be  accurately  determined.  In  the  embryo  they  Ue 
behind  one  another.  In  most  adult  insects,  and  Micro- 
pteryx is  DO  exception  to  the  rule,  the  deuterocerebrum  is 
pushed  forwards,  and  the  tritocerebrum  fuses  directly 
with  the  protocerebrum,  at  any  rate  by  a  small  part  of  its 
posterior  surface.  From  the  lateral  side  of  the  proto- 
cerebrum the  optic  nerve  is  given  off.  This  connects  the 
protocerebrum  to  the  optic  lobes  (medullary  masses  of  the 
eye). 

The  relations  of  the  protocerebral  lobes  are  as  follows 
(text  fig.  1,  p.  122) :  mid-dorsally  lie  the  rounded  heads  of  the 
mushroom  bodies,  and  between  them  the  bridge.  SUghtly 
in  front  of  this  the  ocellary  nerve  is  seen,  disposed  in  a 
transverse  plane  with  a  slight  inclination  downwards  and 
backwards.  Various  organs  he  within  the  protocerebral  lobes 
in  a  space  full  of  fluid  which  has  been  called  la  loge  by 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


122  Mr.  P.  A.  Buxton  on  the 

Tiallanee.  These  organs  axe  the  central  body  and  the  ocellary 
glomemluB,  and  the  Btem  and  inner  root  of  the  mushroom 
body ;  the  forward  and  backward  roots  are  also  buried  in  the 
protocerebral  lobes,  but  they  are  not  definitely  separat«d 
from  the  surrounding  parts  by  a  free  space.  It  may  be 
mentioned  here  that  the  mushroom  body  system  is  com- 
pletely buried  in  the  protocerebrum  except  at  three  points. 
The  parta  which  project  are  the  head,  the  lower  end  of  the 
stem,  and  the  tip  of  the  forward  root  (see  pp.  125  aqq.). 


TiXT  noma  1. — General  relationahipB  of  the  parts  of  the  proto- 
cerebrum. The  organ  is  divided  at  tLe  middle  line  and  the  left 
side  is  shown  in  the  finue.  viewed  from  in  front.  The  cut  surface 
shows  the  loge  of  VioUanes  ajid  the  organs  within  it.  No  cella  ore 
ahown;  the  whole  organ  as  drawn  here  consisU  of  axonic  substance. 
a,  c,  i.  i,  q,  Kfet  to  traote  of  fibres  (see  p.  136).  br.  bridge,  d.  I. 
dorsal  protocerebral  lobe.  hd.  head  of  mushroom  body.  in.  ea, 
inner  capsule  of  central  body.  in.  r.  inner  root  of  mushroom  body. 
/.  I.  lateral  lobes  of  protocerebrum.  lo.  la  logo  (Viallanes).  mi.  L  a. 
and  mi.  L  p.  anterior  and  posterior  parts  of  middle  lobe  of  proto- 
cerebrum. oc  gl.  ocellary  glomerulus,  oc.  n.  ocellary  nerve,  cm.  <n. 
outer  capsule  of  central  body.  #u>.  hd.  swollen  head  of  ascending 
branch  <a  mushroom  body.  ew.  al.  swollen  foot  of  Bt«m  of  mnshroora 
body,  to  dm.  tracts  passing  from  protocerebrum  to  deuteroceie- 
brum.    (tt.  tumulus.    vl.La.  anteiior  part  of  veotrolateral  lobe. 


Ij.y.l.AjhyCOO'^lL' 


Protocerebnim  of  Micropteryx.  123 


Special  names  have  been  assigned  to  various  parts 
of  the  protocerebmm  (refer  to  PI.  VII-IX),  Thus  doiBally 
there  is  the  dorsal  lobe  (Haupllappe),  below  this  the  ventro- 
lateral lobe  or  Nd>enlappe,  and  midventrally  the  middle 
lobe  (Mittdstuck).  These  parts  may  all  be  distiDguished 
in  Mua-Mderyx,  and  perhaps  the  mere  shape  of  the  lobes 
merits  description.  The  dorsal  lobe  {d.l.)  is  the  widest 
part  of  the  whole  brain.  In  front  its  superior  surface  is 
flat ;  further  back  there  is  a  specialised  rounded  projection 
in  the  middle  line,  to  which  I  give  the  name  Tumulus  ((«.). 
This  lies  between  the  heads  of  the  two  mushroom  bodies, 
and  consbts  of  a  very  tight  homogeneous  web  of  axonic 
substance  more  densely  compacted  than  any  other  part  of 
the  brain.  The  portions  of  the  dorsal  lobe  which  lie  around 
and  beneath  it  are  of  an  extremely  loose  consistency 
(see  n.  X). 

A  large  lateral  lobe  (l.  I.)  is  present  on  each  side.*  ItA 
relations  ate  shown  in  figs.  10,  12,  13. 

The  ventrolateral  lob^  (N^yenlappe)  consist  of  two  very 
definite  parts  placed  one  in  front  of  the  other.    The  anterior 

ett  of  the  ventrolateral  lobe  {v.l.l.a.)  appears  aa  a  swelling 
low  the  anterior  extremity  of  the  stem  of  the  mushroom 
body ;  in  the  region  beneath  the  inner  root  of  the  mushroom 
body  the  lobe  is  insignificant;  and  behind  this  its  posterior 
part  (v.l.l.p.)  appears  as  a  large  round  lobe  above  the  exit 
of  the  motor  antennary  nerve  from  the  deuterocerebmm. 
The  middle  lobe  (mi.  (.}of  the  protocerebrum  lies  between 
the  two  ventrolateral  lobes,  hi  most  insects  it  consists 
of  a  single  body,  shaped  like  an  honr-glass,  and  lying 
transversely  between  the  inner  roots.  In  After opteryz 
we  can  distinguish  an  anterior  and  a  posterior  part  of  the 
lobe.  The  anterior  portion  {mi.  I.  a.)  is  of  the  shape  of  an 
hoar-glass,  and  lies,  as  it  should,  between  the  ends  of 
the  inner  roots;  it  is  connected  with  the  anterior  part 
of  the  ventrolateral  lobe  on  the  same  aide  by  a  tract 
of  nerve  fibres  (tract  h).  Behind  it  there  is  a  transverse 
bar  of  axonic  tissue,  placed  below  the  ocellary  glomeruli 
and  above  the  various  bands  which  connect  the  two  anten- 
nary lobes  or  deuterocerebra ;  this  is  the  posterior  part 
{mi.  I.  p.)  of  the  middle  lobe ;  to  the  antennary  lobe  and 
also  to  the  protocerebrum  above  it  this  middle  lobe  is 
united  by  well-marked  tracts  of  nerve  fibres  {tracts  j  and  k). 


u,y,i,A  J  h,  Google 


124  Mr.  P.  A.  Buxton  m  the 

Histologically  the  whole  of  the  protocerebral  lobea  are 
very  uniform  iu  structure,  and  consist  of  Punktsubstanz  of 
a  moderate  degree  of  density.  The  tumulus,  however,  b 
very  much  closer  in  sttuctute,  and  the  parts  of  the  proto- 
cerebial  lobes  immediately  below  and  aioimd  it  are  ver}' 
loosely  formed.  The  lobes  aie  penetrated  in  all  directions 
by  bundles  of  axons  (Faseisul^tanz),  some  of  which  are 
enumerated  below. 

III.  The  Mushkoom  Body. 

(Stalked  body — Packard.  Pilz — Kiihule,  etc.  Gestielte 
Korper — Leydig.     Lee  Corps  PSdoncul^s — Dujardin.) 

Before  I  describe  the  mushroom  body  of  Micropleryx  it 
may  not  be  out  of  place  to  state  that  the  organ  consists 
typically  of  a  cup-shaped  or  globular  head  {calice,  PUzhut, 
Becker,  Jobeei  oonvdvtifms)  supported  by  a  stem  {Slamm,  lige, 
caulundus,  pedunculus)  which  divides  below  into  a  number 
of  roots  or  branches.  The  word  Stiel  is  used  by  Kiihnle  to 
denote  the  stem  and  roots  together.  An  early  worker, 
Newton,  described  the  brain  of  the  cockroach.  In  this 
insect  the  bead  and  stem  of  the  mushroom  body  are  double, 
and  Newton  named  the  two  stems  the  cauliculus  and 
pedunculus,  respectively.  A  small  number  of  insects  have 
their  mushroom  body  formed  on  a  simpler  plan,  with  only 
one  head  and  one  stem.  It  is  better,  therefore,  not  to  use 
the  terms  cauliculus  and  pedunculus,  which  are  responsible 
for  the  notion  that  two  supports  of  the  mushroom  body  are 
to  be  looked  for  in  the  typical  insect  biain.  As  will  be  seen 
later  the  homologies  of  the  roots  of  the  organ  are  very 
obscure. 

This  exceedingly  simplified  account  of  the  least  complex 
type  of  mushroom  body  may  serve  to  remind  the  reader 
of  the  essential  characters  of  that  organ.  A  full  account 
of  that  of  ^orjJcu^,  together  with  a  painstaking  summary  of 
previous  work,  is  given  by  Kuhnle.  This  is  valuable,  but 
as  I  shall  e7q)lain  later  I  believe  that  Kuhnle  has  made 
a  fundamental  mistake  in  homology.  The  summary  in 
Packard's  text  book  is  out  of  date  and  most  difiScult  to 
understand. 

At  first  sight  it  appears  that  the  mushroom  body  of 
Microjiteryx  is  formed  on  a  plan  not  altogether  identical  with 
that  found  in  other  insects.  This  is  not  very  surprising, 
for  nothing  is  yet  known  of  the  brains  of  the  Lepuioplera 
or  Tricko^era.    I  hope,  however,  to  show  that  the  diffi- 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lL' 


Prolocerelmim  of  Mieropteryx.  126 

cutties  are  rather  apparent  than  real,  and  that  Mieropteryx 
is  leaUv  one  of  thoae  organisms  froni  the  study  of  which 
we  may  draw  valuable  inference  as  to  the  comparative 
anatomy  of  the  insect  bmia.  It  is  always  a  most  difficult 
thing  to  form  a  picture  of  the  mushroom  body  of  an  insect 
when  that  oi^n  is  described  by  another  worker.  This  is 
dae,  in  part  at  least,  to  the  complexity  of  the  organs  which 
lie  in  all  three  planes  of  space.  I  shaJl  endeavour  to  make 
my  meaning  clear  by  giving  several  sketches  of  a  mental 
reconstruction  of  the  organ  in  question.  Its  structure  in 
Mieropteryx  is  comparatively  simple,  and  I  have  not  found 
it  necessary  to  make  a  wax-plate  model.  I  have,  of  course, 
most  carefully  examined  sections  in  all  three  planes  of 
space  (text  figs.  2,  3,  pp.  12&-9). 

The  bead  of  the  mushroom  body  of  Mieropteryx  is  a  single 
globular  mass  of  axonic  tissue,  and  belongs  to  the  Rocker 
type  of  Kiihnle.  It  appears  that  a  similar  structure  was 
described  by  Fldgel  in  certain  moths;  but  it  is  never  easy 
to  understaad  his  descriptions,  for  he  was  much  hampers 
by  the  defective  methods  of  his  time. 

The  head  of  the  mushroom  body  (Ad.)  projects  conspicu- 
oosly  into  the  ganglion  cells  above  and  behind.  It  is  not 
so  large,  however,  as  to  make  a  prominence  in  the  upper 
surface  of  that  layer. 

From  the  cells  of  the  mushroom  body  (p.  119)  the  fibres 
pass  into  the  head  of  the  mushroom  body.  We  must  notice 
that  there  are  no  points  at  which  a  number  of  fibres  enter 
together ;  the  entry  is  general  and  spread  over  the  whole 
surface  of  the  head.  Eenyon's  application  of  the  Qolgi 
method  to  the  brain  of  the  bee  mi^es  it  clear  that  after 
entering  the  substance  of  the  head  the  fibres  give  off  a 
coUateral  branch  which  in  turn  divides  to  form  twigs. 
These  twigs  interlace  with  similar  twigs  from  the  collaterals 
of  other  cells  to  form  a  glomerular  body  {Faserhdllchen). 
There  must  be  several  score  of  these  bodies  in  the  head  of 
tie  mushroom  body  of  Mieropteryx.  They  are  very  small 
and  by  no  means  easily  distinguished.  After  giving  off 
its  collateral  the  fibre  proceeds  downward  as  a  component 
part  of  the  stem.  The  fibres  do  not  form  a  definite  tract 
within  the  head,  but  pass  through  in  a  diffuse  manner.  It 
is  only  when  they  reach  the  underside  that  they  unite  to 
form  the  stem. 

From  the  inner  and  inferior  aspect  of  the  head  of  the 
muahioom  body  a  band  of  fibres  sweeps  downwards  and 


126  Mr.  P.  A.  Buxton  on  the 

inwards  paat  the  side  of  the  outer  capsule  of  the  central  bod^. 
This  band  gives  off  a  few  fibres  to  the  outer  capsule  (tract  n), 
and  then  passes  into  that  region  of  the  protocerebral  lobes 
which  lies  on  each  side  of  the  central  body  (tract  r) ;  thete 
the  band  divides  and  is  lost  to  sight  (PI.  VIII,  fig.  12,  and 
PI.  X).  Such  a  tract  has  not  been  described  in  other 
insects. 

The  stem  (st.)  of  the  mushroom  body  leaves  the  ventral 
side  of  the  head  and  passes  downwan^  and  forwards  and 
also  slightly  inwards ;  it  is  a  single  cylindrical  rod  of  parallel 
fibres ;  and  whatever  may  be  the  case  in  other  insects  it 
is  not  penetrated  by  a  canal.  It  may  also  be  noticed  that 
it  is  not  surrounded  by  a  sheath.  (Even  if  it  were  I  should 
not  follow  Kiihnle  in  calling  the  sheath  a  neurilemma. 
A  neurilemma  is  a  syncytial  layer  covering  a  brain  or 
ganglion.) 

The  stem  is  one  of  the  most  striking  features  of  any 
section  in  which  it  occurs;  it  stains  more  heavily  than 
the  surrounding  protocerebral  lobes,  and  is  a  most  use- 
ful landmark.  The  stem  is  a  cylindrical  structure,  and 
well-fixed  material  shows  that  the  greater  part  of  its 
shaft  is  surrounded  by  .a  space  which  is  not  developed 
at  its  top  or  bottom;  at  these  pointe  the  stem  simply 
pierces  the  surrounding  parts  of  the  protocerebral  lobes. 
At  its  lower  and  anterior  end  the  stem  is  swollen  and  be- 
comes superficial,  that  is  to  say  it  is  no  longer  buried  in 
the  protocerebral  lobes,  but  reaches  the  surface  in  the 
interval  between  the  dorsal  lobe  and  the  anterior  part 
of  the  ventrolateral  lobe.  At  this  point  it  is  covered  by  a 
few  nuclei ;  some  of  these  are  merely  nuclei  of  neuroglia 
cells,  some  are  nuclei  of  true  nerve  cells,  which  send  their 
axons  into  the  foot  of  the  stem.  This  is  certainly  remark- 
able, but  I  have  satisfied  myself  that  it  is  the  case  by 
examining  a  large  number  of  sections  through  this  region. 

At  the  bottom  of  the  stem  we  should  expect  the  roots  to 
arise,  and  actually  we  find  two  processes  of  rather  uncertain 
homologies,  both  of  which  make  a  marked  angle  with  the 
stem.  The  first  runs  inwards  and  slightly  backwards,  and 
is  the  inner  root  (in.  r. ;  innere  Wunel  of  Kiihule).  It  is 
straight  and  cylindrical  and  separated  from  its  fellow  of 
the  opposite  side  by  a  very  distinct  part  of  the  proto- 
cerebrum,  the  anterior  part  of  the  middle  lobe.  At  its 
termination  the  inner  root  \a  sotiiewhat  swollen. 

The  second  structure  which  leaves  the  anterior  end  of 


l„y,|,A   J  1^,   Cookie 


Prolocerdmim  of  Micropteryx.  127 

the  stem  may  be  called  the  ascending  tnmk  (as.  tr.).  The 
homologies  of  this  organ  are  obscure  and  will  be  discussed 
later.  It  runs  upwwds  for  a  very  short  distance  and 
divides  into  two  portions. 

At  its  point  of  division  it  is  swoUen.  For  the  moment 
let  us  call  one  of  its  branches  the  ascending  and  the  other 
the  posterior  branch.* 

The  ascending  branch  {as.  br.)  runs  up  directly  to  the 
surface  of  the  brain  and  is  there  swoUen  into  an  acom- 
ahaped  head.  It  is  covered  by  a  thin  layer  of  ganglion  cells 
of  the  normal  type,  and  these  send  their  axons  into  the 
branch.  This  is  a  point  of  interest,  for  here  and  also  at 
the  foot  of  the  stem  we  have  a  few  nerve  cells  which  appear 
to  belong  to  the  mushroom  body.  Similar  conditions  have 
been  occasiooally  described  m  other  insects,  notably  in 
Penplanela  by  Haller. 

The  posterior  branch  ('po.  br.)  of  the  ascending  tnmk  runs 
backwards  and  sHghtly  upwards  and  inwards.  Its  ter- 
minal part  is  bifid,  but  the  two  portions  do  not  diverge  from 
one  another.  It  is  completely  enclosed  in  the  protocerebial 
lobes,  and  even  in  fixed  material  is  not  always  very  easy 
to  see.  It  is  about  two-thirds  the  length  of  the  stem. 
Before  we  proceed  to  discuss  the  homologies  of  these  organs 
it  is  absolutely  necessary  to  grasp  their  anatomy  and 
relationships. 

Let  us  now  consider  the  homologies  of  these  three 
branches  of  the  stem.  The  first  I  have  already  identi- 
fied as  the  inner  root  {innere  Wurzel  of  Kiihnle).  This 
identification  rests  on  its  relations  to  other  organs. 

The  ascending  trunk  is  an  organ  for  which  I  find  no 
parallel  in  any  insect  brain  yet  investigated.  This  b  not 
very  remarkable  when  we  remember  that  the  brains  of  no 
Lepi(kmleron  or  Truthajpfermt  have  yet  been  fully  described. 
According  to  a  view  which  I  now  put  forward  the  ascend- 
ing trunk  is  to  be  regarded  as  the  united  base  of  the 
forward  root  (vordere  Wund)  and  of  the  backward  root 
[riicklaujige  Wurzd).    Great  obscurity  exists  with  regard  to 

*  I  nae  the  term  "  trunk  "  and  "  branch  "  rather  than  "  root  " 
in  ofder  not  to  commit  myself  to  way  view  as  to  homologies  which 
are  folly  discuaaed  later.  The  terms  are  of  a  provisional  nature. 
It  may  be  objected  that  I  am  adding  to  the  synonymy,  but  it  ia 
almost  a  necessity  to  have  some  unequivocal  name  for  an  organ 
until  Um  homolc^ies  oie  fixed.  The  word  "  root  "  I  use  as  a  full 
equivalent  of  the  German  Wvrstl. 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


128 


Mr.  P.  A.  Buzton  on  the 


the  homologiea  of  the  ascending  and  posterior  branches  of 
the  ascending  trunk. 

It  is  probably  best  to  consider  the  ascending  branch  as 
forward  root  {vordere  Wurzd,  Kiihnle ;   tuberade  anUrieur, 


Tkxt  nouBS  2. — Oatline  dnwingB  of  the  right  mushroom  body. 
A,  seen  from  the  OQt«r  side  (lateral  view).  B,  &om  above.  C,  from 
in  front.  (The  stem  and  head  are  behind  and  not  sbown  in  this 
drawing.)  The  line  aa  repKsenla  the  median  (sagittal)  pluis. 
The  CWA  are  not  shown ;  the  whole  organ  as  drawn  here  consiita 
of  azonio  substance. 

at.  br.  ascending  branch,  eu.  Ir.  ascending  trunk,  hd.  head  of 
mushroom  body.  in.r.  inner  root,  po.br.  posterior  branch,  tt. 
stem.    «u>.  M  swollen  head  of  muebroom  body.    sut.  el.  swollen  foot 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


Prolixerebrum  c^  Micropteryx.  129 


Tkxt  nauBE  3. — Outline  drawing  of  six  longitudinal  vertical 
Motions  (A-F),  to  show  tbe  relations  of  the  parts  of  the  mushroom 
body  to  surrounding  pc.  L,  the  last  being  nearest  the  middle  line. 
Tbe  six  sections  are  not  consecutive.  Dorsal  is  to  the  left;  anterior 
(cephnUd)  towards  the  top  of  the  page.  Only  the  asonio  parts  are 
here  shown,  the  cells  being  omittod. 

a.  tie  nerve  fibres  of  troot  a  (p.  136)  and  other  tracts,  passing 
from  protocerebrum  to  lower  parts  of  brain,  tu,  br.  ascending 
branch,  (u.  Ir,  ascending  trunk,  b.  tract  b.  br.  bridge,  d.  i. 
donal  lobe.  ti.  Einstrommnng  (p.  120).  Ad.  head  of  mttshroom 
body.  tit.  ea.  inner  capsule  of  centrt^  body.  tn.  r.  inner  root  of 
ffiDshroom  body,  oc  gt  ocellary  glomerulus,  oe,  n.  ocelUry  nerve. 
OK.  ea.  outer  capanle.  pc  I.  protocerebral  lobes,  po.  br.  posterior 
brsocb-  A  stem.  mo.  nd.  swollen  head  of  mushroom  body.  «c  st. 
swollen  foot  of  stem.    vL  I.  ventrolateral  lohea. 

TRANS.  BUT.  80C.  LOND.  1917. — PABT  I.      (NOV, 


j^,  Google 


130  Hr.  P.  A.  Buxton  on  the 

Viallanes).  This  is  suggested  by  its  genem!  direction  and 
by  the  fact  that  it  ends  on  the  surface  of  the  fibrillar  part 
of  the  brain,  under  a  thin  portion  of  the  ganglion  cell  layer. 
With  this  we  may  compare  the  similar  "  free  "  ending  of 
the  tuberciile  anUrieur  in  Acridians  (Viallanes,  1887,  p.  42, 
fig.  46),  and  of  the  vordere  Wurzel  in  Apis  (Jonescu,  p.  137, 
Text  &g.  10a)  and  in  Tespa  {Viallanea,  1886).  The  author 
remarks :  "  La  premiere  se  parte  directement  en  avarU  pour 
gagner  la  surface  antirieure  du  renjlemerU  primaire ;'  c'est 
la  come  anUrieure" 

If,  then,  the  ascending  branch  is  the  equivalent  of  the 
vordere  Wurzel,  we  must  homologise  the  posterior  branch 
with  the  rucklaujige  Wtirzel,  or  backward  root,  in  considera- 
tion of  its  backward  direction  and  deeply  buried  termination : 
this  would  probably  be  accepted  were  it  not  that  Eiibnie 
has  asserted  that  the  tubercule  anUrieur  of  Viallanes  is  the 
homologue  of  the  vordere  Wun^H  and  also  of  the  rUcidauJige 
Wurzel.  Against  this  I  must  enter  a  most  emphatic  prot«st. 
In  the  first  place,  there  ia  an  inherent  improbability  about 
it ;  we  cannot  willingly  believe  that  vordere  and  anUrieur 
refer  to  an  organ  which  is  described  in  other  insects  as 
"running  back"  {rucMauJige).  We  surely  need  good 
evidence  before  we  can  accept  such  a  statement?  In  the 
face  of  that  improbability  Klihnle  was  dangerously  bold  in 
asserting  the  homology.  When  a  great  many  more  types 
have  been  investigated  we  shall  be  able  to  bridge  many  of 
the  gaps  which  at  present  exist  in  our  knowledge.  Till 
then  we  can  none  of  us  be  certain  of  any  but  the  most 
obvious  homologies,  partly  because  the  described  types 
are  so  few,  partly  because  no  living  man  has  first-hand 
knowledge  of  more  than  half  a  dozen  insect  brains. 

Kiihnle  was  probably  led  into  this  error  by  the  fact  that 
the  majority  of  insect  brains  show  only  two  roots,  some  of 
them  lacking  the  forward,  others  the  backward  root. 

If,  however,  EUhnle's  homology  be  accepted,  the  one 
which  I  have  suggested  must  fall;  for  clearly  I  cannot 
give  the  terms  vordere  and  rucMaufige  to  two  structures  if, 
as  Kiihnle  says,  they  are  in  this  case  synonymous.  I  do 
not  wish  to  press  my  own  convictions  unduly ;  but  at  any 
rate  they  are  based  on  considerations  of  relative  position, 
that  is  to  say  on  actual  fact. 

If,  then,  Kuhnle  is  right  and  I  am  wrong,  we  may  either 
assume  that  the  ascending  trunk  and  its  branches  (ascend- 
ing and  posterior)  together  form  the  backward  {rucklaufige. 


ProUx^rebrum  cf  Micropteryx.  131 

vordere)  root,  or  else  that  the  poaterior  branch  represents 
that  oi^tiD  and  that  the  ascending  branch  is  a  new  organ. 
The  first  of  these  views  is  supported  by  the  fact  that  the 
ascending  and  posterior  branches  leave  the  stem  by  a  com- 
mon origin,  the  ascending  trunk.  On  the  other  hand,  so 
far  as  our  knowledge  yet  goes  there  is  no  otlier  brain  in 
which  the  backwaid  root  is  bifurcated,  which  b  what  this 
view  impUes. 

As  I  have  said,  it  is  also  possible  to  regard  the  posterior 
branch  as  the  rCcldaufige  Wund  {vordere  Wnnel,  tubercule 
aniirieur)  and  the  ascending  root  as  an  organ  which  cannot 
be  homologised  with  anything  yet  described.  This  is  quite 
a  rational  view  to  adopt,  for  practically  nothing  is  yet  known 
abotlt  the  brain  of  the  Lepidoptera.  Personally  I  do  not 
see  any  necessity  for  dubbing  this  a  new  organ,  but  if 
Kijhnle's  identification  of  the  vordere  with  the  TiicBauJige 
WuTzel  is  proved  correct,  then  we  shall  probably  find  it 
necessary  to  find  a  name  for  what  I  have  provisionally  called 
the  ascending  branch.  An  investigation  of  other  types 
might  yield  most  fruitful  results. 

This  very  small  and  abstruse  point  must  be  settled  defi- 
nitely before  the  study  of  insect  brains  has  gone  further. 
Unfortunately  it  is  not  possible  to  attack  the  question  from 
a  comparative  standpoint,  but  it  is  essential  that  we  should 
atart  work  with  our  homologies  correctly  and  clearly  defined. 
There  can  be  no  compromise  between  Kuhnle's  view  and 
my  own,  and  the  point  at  issue  is  fundamental.  I  consider 
thAt  there  is,  at  any  rate,  very  Uttle  reason  for  doubting 
my  identification  of  the  innwe  Wurzel,  which  agrees  with 
the  views  of  previous  writers. 

These  conflicting  views  may  be  expressed  thus  :  accord- 
ing to  my  view,  ascending  trunk  =  common  origin  of — 

1.  Ascending  branch  {vordere  Wurzd,  etc.) 

=  Forward  root. 

2.  Posterior  branch  {rOcklaujige  Wurzel) 

=  Backward  root. 
Eiihnle,  however,  asserts  that  riichlaujige  WuTzd=vordere 
WvTzel.    If  this  is  so,  then  either — 

(i)  Ascending  trunk  and  ascending  branch  and  posterior 

branch  tt^ther  =  rucklanfge  Wurzel,  or  else — 
(ii)  Ascending  trunk  =  common  origin  of   (a)  posterior 
bnuich  {riicklaufige  Wurzd)  and  (&)  ascending  branch 
(not  homolc^us  with  anything  yet  described). 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


:C  Ifr.  p.  A.  Buxton  on  tMe 

I  Safirc*  xbaa  the  dunctos  by  vhich  tbe  three  roots 
su'  W  jvetOKvd  mn  these :  The  inner  root  (in.  r. ;  innere 
Wtrst^  S^siijf:  ttAtnsle  itderne,  Dujaidin;  Balken, 
Vijt^'  nsB  Wlrvxrds  and  inwards  and  terminates 
iwrwuii  u»  ^jiale  lobe  and  the  inner  capsule  of  the 
.ft:~3K!  K-«^.  ks  cod  is  adjacent  to  that  of  its  fellow  on 
^M  .'onwr-f  sue.  It  appeus  that  this  root  is  found  in 
WKT'  ^  :3w<Rs.  TW  (oHmd  root  (as.  br. ;  vordere  TFurzel, 
">  -JweCT.  I'll  liii  i*  K.  FlQ^ ;  anterior  root,  Eenyon ; 
•■.>^~h<  gmit^mr.  I>c;>aidin)  runs  forwards  and  upwards 
v-i  twas  '  r:w  "  .-c  tiie  saiboe  ot  the  ptotocerebial  lobes, 

-  >  ~  Rtate  ;i>F  arur^irc  tcOs  ax  else  duectly  beneath  the 
•wj~.«a:Ti«.  TV  >ttd:van]  root  (po,  br.;  rwHaufige 
I  '!!»'.  Sij:Li.w  rc»  faactrods  and  terminates  in  the 
"s-s;.',-.'- .-  !•?-  .-£  li*  |wcooei»tgum  without  ever  reaching 

•w  -«.-ak'»,  1:  Bar.r  hsects  either  the  forward  or  the 
^itsrcK^  T.v*-  s  ajtiin:.: ;  tlis  has  W  Eiihnte  to  believe 

.  -i'  .i..r  :.«»  -  ■  -ihe  :iJ»  tm^  oppoitonitT  of  answeiing 
■-?    .-wt--    "  v'l.t.-'iv^ZTn-^UT  be  made  to  the  hypothesis 

■  -  :*»  r.,tt«trviii  K'^ST  is  hs  tjpical  development  pos- 
■cNM^  •■•>•»  'vfls,     h  M  weD  knowB  from  Eenyon's  work 

*■-   ;^  ^  nw~h>£.iLT^fannaftlie  bee,  that  the  axons 

*  ■  :   .-  .■  -vw   :iw  ^cMi  }kbdc^  dicltottHnously,  and  that 
-.     •     '.-I.     ;i->  >  im  ;*ietwv  toots  of  the  mushroom  body 

■  ■  .^  --«•  \.*  -  may  be  craed  that  this  division  of 
^   x.  ,-  »- ,  »  :.>.-i  u  revtiaKy  diaiacteiistic  of  the 

t*— •    -!-.•-   .ir :.-.  c»,>M  i::  «oenl.  would  find  its 

■«.'4.-.    ,  ^■.'-ss-..:    .:.  a  i:n^j\xd  body  with  two  roots. 

.*.,--      ^  If   !■-  »TiT  tiat  ii>e»e  is  no  diGBcidty  in 

--  -ki.>^  „    -*.  »<fc :  :  :ir»  jtf  t:  irjies  snpjdies  two  of  the 

>^  <~%  .^.    ii~»-.  K*  fc     T&'f  :^  dimity  lonains  whether 

1   «*.-•-.     .   BrjL  x-K-fcvc  fcx=x-i>es  be  M»e  root  or  two, 

'.    ■  ■,  -  s*,-s-  .1-   ^!•.T  «aT.-cr.T  «*a  hardly  be  disputed. 

-  •i--   .  .-V   »-,  wn  fcjnw.vr  iiT,.L:.ar  wi:h  tie  division  of 

■1    *■,  ,r^  -.1    :jw  ;iTi.;-t>  .c  .vJKC  2SK^:   DOW  if  the  fibres 

>      ■ ,   ^v  i.v»  (  ' vv  .■*!  iw  rr.-cppd  in  faich  »  way  as  to 

-■■.   .-.  1  r..-.'--*i  ii    1  -iwT,xc  'riy  jJn-Hild  not  the  fibres 

-  -.-   -   V  <   ,  ■  .-,■«*.■  »  •■  stToiy  a}ii»8t  any  number  of 

•  ^      V-,»»    ■>■    \i'    ti  i>tt»  jOMk^  described  the  mnsh- 

sv'     \  t    ^.ns.!. '.-.  «u-.  ,1  a  TwaJte-  both  of  which 

.M^  >%  .>^     ■<  tivi   ■«  ifcivc  K>  trasp  the  bearing  of 

~   ?«-    ..-.V   ;.'i.  ^n«>Tu  0W(!O.-e.  <f  hecDoiogy.    The  fact 

>.    -aH.ivtw  '■    ;»«e  Tons  T^  de  ■nichiooin  body  is 


ih,  Google 


Protocerdnntm  <^  Micropteryx.  133 

not,  then,  a  new  discovery,  but  I  trust  that  I  have  been 
enabled  to  put  the  homologies  of  the  matter  on  a  sound 
basis. 

IV.  The  Central  Body. 

The  central  body  of  Mieropteryx  consists  of  two  capsules ; 
the  lai^ei  of  these,  the  outer  {ou.  ca.),  is  superior  and 
posterior,  the  smaller  or  inner  capsule  {in.  ca.)  is  inferior 
and  anterior.  They  are  respectively  the  dussere  SchaU 
and  innere  Schale  of  EiUmle.  They  lie  together  in  that 
space  in  the  middle  of  the  protocerebral  lobes  to  which 
Viallanes  gave  the  name  la  loge;  this  contains  also  the 
ocellaryglomeruliand  the  inner  roots  of  the  mushroom  body 
(PI.  VIII,  figs.  7-10).  The  space  is  bounded  on  all  sides  by 
the  protocerebral  lobes,  and  above  by  the  tract/,  in  front 
by  the  tract  c,  behind  by  the  tract  d,  and  below  by  the 
double  tract  e  (see  p.  137). 

Micropteryx  is  one  of  those  insects  in  which  the  central 
body  is  large  and  the  mushroom  body  comparatively  small ; 
that  is  to  say,  it  falls  within  one  of  Bretschneidet's  lower 


The  outer  capsule  is  slightly  wider  than  the  inner.  The 
anterior  edge  of  each  is  in  the  same  vertical  plane,  but  the 
outer  extends  back  a  considerable  distance  behind  the  inner, 
and  this  posterior  part  of  it  is  very  thick;  thus  the  outer 
capsule  overlaps  the  inner  above  and  behind  and  is  much 
the  more  bulky  of  the  two.  This  condition  is  character- 
istic of  nearly  all  the  insect  biains  which  have  yet  been 
described.  Turning  to  internal  structure  we  find  that  the 
outer  capsule  stains  rather  more  deeply  with  eosin  or 
oTange  G  than  do  the  protocerebral  lobes.  There  is  no 
definite  division  of  either  capsule  into  bodies  like  the  rays 
of  a  fan,  a  condition  which  has  been  described  in  the  brains 
of  various  insects  since  the  time  of  Dietl.  The  anterior 
part  of  the  inner  capsule  is,  however,  divided  into  a  number 
■ol  small  rounded  masses  arranged  in  no  definite  manner 
and  separated  from  one  another  by  bands  of  axons,  the 
great  majority  of  which  pass  into  the  outer  capsule.  These 
maases  resemble  to  some  extent  the  glomerular  bodies 
{Faaerb&icken)  of  the  antennary  lobe.  The  8catt«red 
neuroglia  cells  which  lie  in  the  space  which  surrounds  the 
central  body  are  referred  to  elsewhere  (p.  120).  There  is 
no  group  of  cells  which  can  be  said  to  belong  to  the  central 
body  either  here  or  in  any  other  insect,  and  we  believe  that 


u,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


134  Mr.  P.  A.  Buxton  on  the 

the  oigan  is  a  reflex  centre  not  connected  with  any  one 
motor  or  aenaory  function. 

(The  ocellary  glomeruli,  which  are  sometimes  conBtdered 
with  the  central  body,  are  described  on  p.  135.) 

V.  The  Bridge. 

(Die  Himbriicke — Kilhnle,  etc.  Le  Pont — Viallanes. 
Fibrillar  Arch— Kenyon.) 

The  Bridge  (br.)  ia  a  protocerebral  structure  found  in  all 
insect  brains.  In  Microplerux  it  occupies  its  usual  position 
as  a  transverse  band  of  axonic  material  on  the  superior  side 
of  the  prot^cerebrum.  It  lies  behind  the  nerve  to  the 
ocellus,  and  between  the  lieads  of  the  mushroom  bodies 
(PI.  VIII,  IX  and  X). 

The  bridfre  consists  in  part  of  Punktsubatanz ;  this  is 
found  at  either  end.  The  middle  of  the  bridge  is  much 
attenuated  and  appears  to  consist  entirely  of  nerve  fibres 
passing  from  one  aide  to  the  other.  The  oi^an,  then,  is 
dumb-bell  shaped,  the  swollen  ends,  or  "  heads,"  being 
preaumably  centres,  the  narrow  waist  a  decussating  tract. 
The  bridge  is  covered  by  some  layers  of  ganglion  cella, 
which  appear  to  belong  to  the  normal  type.* 

The  axona  of  these  apparently  "  normal  "  cells  pass  down- 
wards to  several  parts  of  the  brain.  Some  which  proceed 
from  the  more  lateral  celb  pass  in  front  of,  or  behind,  or 
round  the  end  of  the  bridge,  and  enter  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  protocerebral  lobes  in  a  diffuse  manner.  Other 
axona  pass  through  the  heads  of  the  bridge  and  so  on- 
wards to  the  lobes  of  the  protocerebrum ;  it  ia  probable  that 
these  give  off  a  collateral  while  they  are  within  the  aub- 
atance  of  the  bridge.  Other  cells,  again,  send  their  axons 
into  the  bridge  it«elf,  where  the  fibre  is  lost  to  sight.  It 
is  probable  that  some  of  these  fibres  cross  the  middle  line. 
The  whole  matter  requires  investi£;ation  by  the  Golgi 
method.  We  have,  then,  a  number  of  similar  cella,  some  of 
which  appear  to  be  associated  with  the  bridge,  some  with 
the  dorsal  part  of  the  protocerebrum,  some,  again,  with  both. 
From  this  I  am  inclined  to  aigue  that  the  bridge  is  of  less 
importance  as  a  physiological  entity  than  some  authorities 
have  believed;    that  it  is  rather  of  anatomical  than  of 

*  In  Forficula  Ktihnle  distinguiBbes  several  types  of  cell  in  this 
region,  but  in  every  respect  the  ganglion  cells  of  Micropttryx  appear 
to  have  \ery  little  tendency  to  be  mSeientiated  into  types. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


ProtoeerAntm  c^  MicropUryx.  135 

phyBiological  significance.  Against  this  view  is  the  ad- 
mitted fact  that  the  bridge  exists  as  a  distinct  structuie  in 
all  insect  brains  which  have  been  investigated. 

I  can  find  no  visible  connection  between  the  bridge  and 
the  nerves  auppljring  the  compound  ejes,  though  a  few 
fibres  of  the  ocellaiy  nerve  enter  the  ends  of  the  bridge. 
This  perhaps  supports  Kiihnle  and  tends  to  contradict  the 
contention  of  Bretschneider  and  others  who  regard  the 
bridge  as  a  centre  for  the  co-ordination  of  visual  impulses. 

VI.  The  Visual  Centres. 

A.  The  Ocdiary  Apparalut. 
In  MicTOpteryx  paired  ocelli  are  present,  but  the  median 
ocellus  is  not  developed  here,  or  in  anv  other  Lepidopteron 
or  Trichopteron.  A  stream  of  fibres,  the  ocellary  nerve 
{oc.  n.),  leaves  the  back  of  the  spherical  chitinoua  capsule 
in  which  the  ocellus  is  contained.  At  the  point  where  the 
fibres  leave  the  capsule  there  is  some  tendency  for  the  nerve 
to  break,  as  it  is  very  much  narrowed.  The  sensory  cells 
are  contained  partly  in  the  capsule  of  the  organ,  and  some 
of  them  lie  along  the  course  of  the  nerve  away  from  the 
actual  ocellus,  and  as  the  nerve  proceeds  inwards  they 
become  less  and  leas  numerous.  The  nerve  runs  straight  to- 
wards the  middle  line  in  a  plane  slightly  anterior  to  the  bead 
of  the  mushroom  body  (PI.  VIIT,  fip.  10  and  11).  When 
it  is  over  the  external  edge  of  the  central  body  it  bends 
backwards,  and  at  this  point  a  few  fibres  leave  it  to  pass 
into  the  protocerebral  lobes.  From  here  it  passes  backwards 
and  inwards  and  continually  gives  ofi  more  and  more  of  its 
fibres,  so  that  though  there  is  no  point  at  which  the  ocellary 
nerve  as  a  whole  passes  into  the  substance  of  the  proto- 
cerebral  lobes  yet  the  whole  nerve  ultimately  does  so.  A 
few  fibres  may  also  be  seen  to  pass  into  the  swollen  head 
of  the  bridge. 

Two  small  spherical  bodies  with  rather  indefinite  margins 
are  found  in  the  space  beneath  the  outer  capsule  of  the 
mnahroom  body,  posterior  to  the  inner  capsule  and  to 
the  middle  lobe  (PI.  VIII,  fig.  10) ;  these  are  the  ocellary 
glomeruli  (oc.  gl.)  or  " tubemdea  du  corps  cerUral"  (Viai- 
lanes).  In  Micropleryx  I  have  been  unable  to  demonstrate 
the  connection  between  these  structures  and  the  ocellar? 
nerve,  owing  to  the  diffuse  way  in  which  the  fibres  of  the 
nerve  pass  thioogh  the  dorsal  part  of  the  protocerebnun. 


136  Mi.  F.  a.  Buxton  on  the 

Fiom  a  consideration  of  what  is  known  about  similai  organs 
in  other  insects  I  do  not  consider  that  much  doubt  exists 
as  to  the  functional  connection  between  these  small,  round, 
deeply  placed  lobes  and  the  ocellus.  It  is  hardly  to  be  ex- 
pected that  we  should  be  able  to  find  more  than  a  propor- 
tion of  the  smaller  tracts  in  so  minute  a  structure  as  the 
brain  with  which  we  are  deahng.  Fibres  pass  from  the 
ocellary  glomerulus  to  mapy  parts  of  the  brain,  including 
the  paired  (deuteroeerebral)  83Tnpathetic  system  (tract  «) 
and  the  posterior  part  of  the  antennary  lobe  {tract  ()■ 

B.  The  Optic  Lobes. 
Pressure  of  other  work  has  absolutely  prevented  my 
devoting  attention  to  the  optic  lobes  {o.  I.),  and  much  special 
study  of  the  literature  would  be  required  before  I  could 
hope  to  treat  of  them  at  all  adequately;  this  would 
delay  the  publication  of  this  paper  almost  indefinitely, 
and  I  have  accordingly  decided  to  leave  them  entirely 
undescribed  rather  than  to  deal  with  them  in  an  inadequate 


VII,  The  Fbotocerebbal  Tracts. 

Authors  have  frequently  attempted  to  enumerate  the 
tracts  of  fibres  which  connect  one  part  of  the  brain  with 
other  parts,  but  they  can  only  detect  and  describe  the  larger 
bundles  and  can  never  even  attempt  to  follow  the  minute 
tracts  which  ramify  in  all  directions  through  the  Fnnkt- 
substanz.  Such  an  enumeration  must  always  be  incom- 
plete even  if  one  part  of  the  brain  is  proved  to  have  a  score 
of  paths  connecting  it  with  other  regions  :  and  even  if  the 
Golgi  method  is  apphed  to  a  very  large  number  of  individ- 
uals, definitive  completeness  can  hardly  be  arrived  at.  In 
this  present  paper  I  make  no  attempt  to  give  any  complete 
list :  I  only  describe  a  few  of  the  more  noticeable  tracts 
which  are  useful  either  as  landmarks  or  else  as  definite 
boundaries  to  regions. 

The  following  tracts  should  perhaps  be  noticed,  because 
they  are  important  features  of  the  sections  in  which  they 
occur,  (a)  A  nnde  tract  of  fibres  arising  from  cells  situated 
over  the  dorsal  part  of  the  protocerebrum,  and  passmg 
vertically  downwards  in  the  middle  line  over  the  fiwnt  of 
the  protocerebral  lobes :  this  tract  forks  below  and  the 
fibres  then  pass  to  the  antennary  lobe  of  each  side,  and 


ihyCOOl^lC 


Prolocer^fTwn  of  Micropteryx.  137 

poesibly  also  to  the  tritoceTebnmi  and  the  ventral  parte  of 
the  ceotral  nervoxis  system  (PI.  VII,  figs.  2-4). 

(b)  A  tract  of  fibres  which  is  the  Riechstrang,  or  Riech- 
bafin,  of  the  Gennan  autboiB.  The  cells  from  which  the 
tract  arises  appear  to  be  ganglion  cells  of  the  "  noimal  " 
tvpe.  and  are  situated  dorsal  to  the  protocerebral  lobes 
and  slightly  behind  the  bead  of  the  mushroom  body  :  the 
fibres  pass  downwards  and  forwards  and  slightly  inwards, 
through  that  part  of  the  protocerebral  lobes  which  surrounds 
the  space  contMning  the  central  body,  etc, ;  from  here  the 
fibres  are  directed  downwards  and  outwards  to  the  anten- 
nary  lobe.  Through  most  of  their  course  the  fibres  lie 
in  a  free  space.  Owing  to  its  diffuse  structure,  which  ren- 
ders it  difficult  to  distinguish  it  when  it  is  cut  transversely, 
the  lower  part  of  this  tract  can  only  be  distinguished  in 
longitudinal  section  (text  fig.  3,  D  and  E,  p.  129). 

(c)  A  broad  anterior  commissure  (PI.  VII,  fig.  6). 
{d)  A  deep  commissure. 

(e)  A  double  ventral  commissure  (the  vordere  und  hinlera 
Brucken  der  Nebatlappen  utUer  sick  of  Kuhnle;  PI. 
VllI,  fig.  9),  These  three  are  the  most  definite  tracts 
which  unite  the  two  sides  of  the  protocerebnim,  though  it 
should  be  remembered  that  the  lobes  are  united  over  the 
greater  part  of  their  internal  aspects,  and  that  a  large 
number  of  smaller  tracts  pass  from  one  side  to  the  other. 
These  three  tracts  fonn  the  boundary  of  the  "  loge"  in 
front,  behind  and  below  :  the  anterior  and  ventral  ones  lie 
upon  the  surface  of  the  fibrillar  part  of  the  brain,  the  deep 
commissure  passes  between  the  two  protocerebral  lobes 
behind  the  "  loge  "  :  the  ventral  commissure  (e)  arises  on 
each  side  from  the  anterior  part  of  the  ventrolateral  lobe. 

(/)  A  small  but  distinct  band  of  fibres  which  runs  trans- 
versely across  the  upper  surface  of  the  "  hge."  This  tract 
is  the  Faaerhofoi  Kuhnle,  and  possibly  also  the  commessvra 
protocerdtrale  anleriore  of  Berlese  (PI.  VIII,  fig.  8). 

(y)  A  posterior  commissure  uniting  the  two  protocerebral 
lobes  at  their  most  posterior  part,  where  thev  overlap  the 
tritocerebrum  (PI.  IX,  fig.  16). 

(h  and  i)  Tracts  uniting  respectively  the  anterior  part 
of  the  middle  lobe  to  the  anterior  part  of  the  ventro- 
lateral lobe,  and  the  posterior  part  of  the  middle  lobe  to  the 
posterior  part  of  the  ventrolateral  lobe  of  the  same  side. 

(j)  A  tract  running  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  middle 
lobe  to  the  deuterocerebrum. 


u,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


138  Mi.  P.  A.  Buxton  on  tie 

(k)  A  tract  mimmg  up  from  the  middle  lobe  into  the 
deeper  parts  of  the  ptotocerebral  lobea  which  lie  lateral  to 
the  "  loge." 

(l-g)  Tracts  from  or  to  the  central  body. 

[l]  The  two  capsules  of  the  central  body  are  united 
especially  along  their  anterior  margin  bj  fibres  which  make 
the  partitions  between  tlie  "  Facher  "  of  the  inner  capsule 
(Pl.VIII,  fig.  8). 

(m  and  mm)  Both  capsules  are  united  to  the  protocerebral 
lobes  by  bands  of  fibres  which  leave  their  anterolateral 
margins;  the  band  from  the  upper  capsule  (m)  passes 
upwards,  that  from  the  lower  [mm)  downwatxls  to  the 
ventrolateral  lobes  (PI.  VIII,  &g.  7). 

(n)  The  outer  capsule  receives  fibres  which  leave  or 
possibly  enter  the  head  of  the  mushroom  body  on  its  under 
side.    This  is  really  a  part  of  tract  r. 

(o)  A  few  fibres  connect  the  outer  capsule  to  the  bridge. 

(p)  A  few  also  pass  from  the  ocellary  nerve  to  the  outer 
capsule. 

[a)  A  well-marked  band  connects  the  anteonary  lobe 
with  the  outer  capsule.  This  band  enters  that  part  of 
the  outer  capsule  which  lies  immediately  superior  to  the 
posterior  part  of  the  inner  capsule  (PI.  VIII,  fig.  10). 

(r)  The  tract  which  has  been  mentioned  on  p.  126  as  leav- 
ing the  inner  and  inferior  aspect  of  the  head  of  the  mush- 
room body,  and  passing  partly  to  the  outer  capsule  of  the 
central  body  (tract  n),  but  mainly  to  the  deep  part  of  the 
protocerebral  lobes  lateral  and  posterior  to  the  "  loge " 
(PI.  VIII,  fig.  12 ;  PI.  IX,  fig.  13 ;  PI.  X). 

(a  and  I)  These  tracts  pass  from  the  ocellary  glomerulus 
to  the  paired  deuterocerebral  sympathetic  system  and  to 
the  posterior  portion  of  the  antennary  lobe  respectively. 

(u)  This  consists  of  a  few  fibres  which  pass  down  from 
the  swollen  ends  of  the  bridge  to  the  dorsal  lobe  imme- 
diately below  and  to  the  tumulus  (Plate  X). 

It  is,  I  believe,  generally  true  that  pured  organs  are 
united  across  the  middle  line,  but  I  am  unable  to  say 
whether  this  is  invariably  the  case. 

Summary. 

The  protocerebrum  of  Micropteryx  might  be  described 
in  the  following  terms.  The  neurilemma,  which  covers 
the  whole  central  nervous  system  in  one  continuous  sheet. 


Prolocer^mim  <^  Microfteryx.  139 

is  a  thin  B3aiC7tium,  and  bsneath  it  are  found  the  ganglion 
cells  and  the  axonic  parts  of  the  nervous  syetem.  Over  the 
protoceTebrum  the  layer  of  ganglion  cells  ia  deep,  and  four 
types  can  be  distinguished :  the  normal  type,  the  mushroom 
body  cells,  the  cells  of  the  optic  lobes,  and  the  giant  cells. 
Neuroglia  cells  are  found  in  the  substance  of  the  protocere- 
bnim  in  amall  numbers.  The  tracheal  system  of  the 
brain  is  very  sightly  developed.  The  protocerebral  lobes 
are  large,  and  in  volume  greatly  exceed  the  other  parts 
of  the  protocerebrum  t<^ether.  The  various  parts  of  the 
protocerebral  lobes  which  have  been  described  in  other 
insects  are  all  present,  though  Mie^opteryx  presents  some 
peculiarities,  for  the  ventrolateral  lobe  and  the  middle  lobe 
are  each  divided  into  anterior  and  posterior  portions.  A 
mid-dorsal  lobe  b  also  present,  and  to  this  I  have  given  the 
name  tumulus,  an  organ  which  has  not  been  described 
before.  The  mushroom  bodies  are  of  a  small,  simple  type, 
and  only  one  is  developed  on  each  side  :  the  head  is  remark-- 
able  because  of  the  shape,  which  M  that  of  a  rough  sphere, 
wUhout  any  approach  to  theformali<m  of  a  cup.  In  section 
it  is  seen  to  contain  minute  glomerular  masses  of  nerve 
fibres,  which  are  regarded  as  association  centres :  these 
are  comparable  to  similar  structures  described  in  the  mush- 
room bodies  of  many  insects,  and  also  in  antennary  lobes 
and  central  bodies.  The  origin  of  the  stem  ia  below,  not 
within,  the  head  of  the  mushroom  body,  and  it  runs  down- 
wards and  forwards  in  a  definite  space;  it  ie  rod-like, 
and  not  perforated  by  a  canal.  The  stem  divides  below 
in  a  complicated  manner  which  does  not  lend  itself  to 
summarisation.  I  have  suggested  several  possible  homo- 
Ic^es  for  the  parts  into  which  the  stem  divides,  and 
my  own  view  is  that  there  are  three  rooU  to  the  mushroom 
body  in  this  insect — an  inner,  a  forward,  and  a  backimrd — 
aiid  that  this  is  the  typcal  number  for  the  insect  brain  : 
other  views  are  also  discussed.  I  have  also  given  what  I 
betieve  to  be  the  normal  relations  and  characters  of 
tbeae  roots ;  and  I  beUeve  that  thb  part,  at  any  rate,  of 
my  paper  has  some  permanent  value.  The  central  body 
is  Urirge,  and  consists  of  two  capsules,  as  usual ;  the  outer 
is  the  larger.  There  is  no  tendency  tomards  the  division 
oj  either  capsule  in  a  fanlike  manner,  but  the  inner  capsule 
contains  a  number  of  minute  glomerular  bodies.  The  tracts 
passing  from  or  to  the  central  body  are  numerous  and  some 
of  them  are  large.    The  nerves  from  the  ocelli  run  inwards 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


140  Hr.  P.  A.  Buxton  on  tJie 

ociosB  the  froDt  of  the  bead  of  the  miishioom  body  and 
paaa  giadnaUy  into  the  sntstonce  of  the  pTotocerebial 
lobes,  and  a  few  fibres  pass  into  the  bridge.  Two  smitll 
bodies  are  found  beneath  the  central  body,  and  thcee  aie 
preeomed  to  be  the  ocellary  glomeruli  of  other  antboie, 
though  in  the  brain  of  Microptaryx  there  is  no  actual  evi- 
dence of  their  connection  with  the  oceDary  nerve.  The 
bridge  is  simple  and  straight;  its  ends  are  rounded  and 
consist  of  Punktsubstanz,  and  into  these  pass  the  axons  of 
a  few  celk  which  are  situated  in  the  immediate  neighbour- 
hood ;  the  middle  of  the  bridge  iti  formed  of  a  large  number 
of  fibres  which  pass  across  the  middle  line.  (I  have  undei- 
lined  those  characters  which  appear  to  indicate  that  the 
brain  of  Micropteryx  belongs  to  a  simple  type,  bo  far  as 
morphological  points  are  concerned.) 

It  would  doubtless  be  interesting  to  compare  the  simple 
brain  of  this  Frotolepidopteron  with  that  of  other  Lepido- 
plera  or  Trichoptera.  This  is,  however,  impossible,  except 
to  a  veiy  slight  degree,  because  the  only  work  to  which  we 
can  refer  is  the  classic  paper  which  Fliigel  published  in  1878, 
and  a  few  lines  in  Berlese'a  text-book.  Flogel  dealt  with  the 
brains  of  a  numbet  of  larvae  and  imagines  of  Lepidoptera, 
and  his  fullest  description  is  that  of  the  biain  of  the  imago 
of  Gossus.  He  devotes  his  attention  to  the  mushroom  body, 
which  differs  from  that  of  Micropteryx  in  several  important 
particulars.  The  head  is  developed  as  two  cups  on  each 
side,  placed  in  apposition  to  one  another.  The  two  stems 
which  proceed  downwards  from  these  unite  to  form  a 
single  cylindrical  stem  which  stains  deeply  and  lies  in  a 
space.  An  inner  root  is  given  off,  and  this  occupies  tbe 
usual  position  of  that  organ ;  there  is  also  a  forward  root 
which  runs  up  to  the  surface  of  the  brain  and  there  divides 
in  a  complicated  manner  which  is  not  further  described; 
no  backward  root  is  described,  but  it  is  possible  that  this  ia 
represented  by  one  of  the  branches  of  the  forward  root. 
This  suggestion  is  an  attempt  to  bring  Cossus  into  line  with 
Micropteryx,  and  it  may  well  be  correct,  for  we  must  remem- 
ber that  Flogel  was  hampered  by  the  deficient  methods 
of  bis  time,  and  that  he  was  the  earliest  insect  neurologist 
in  any  true  sense  of  the  word, 

Berlese  describes  the  brain  of  Sphinx  very  shortly.  The 
protocerebral  lobes  are  large,  the  mushroom  bodies  of 
moderate  size;  two  pairs  are  present,  which  lie  one  in 
front  of  the  other  :   their  stems  do  not  unite.    A  mass  of 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lc 


Profocerebrum  oj  Mtcropteryx.  141 

very  large  cells  (c«U»I«  maeatre)  are  developed  behind  and 
above  the  protocerebmm,  and  tbe  fibres  from  these  proceed 
over  the  front  of  the  protocerebmm  to  the  ventral  brain 
by  way  of  the  aeaophageal  connections. 

TECHNIQUE. 
I.  Fixation  asid  Ihfbegkation. 

My  early  work  on  Micropleryx  was  all  done  upon  material 
which  had  been  fixed  and  stained  by  very  simple  methods. 
I  became  convinced  that  for  insect  neurology  the  employ- 
ment of  complicated  technique  was  not  only  desirable 
bot  necessary.  Accordingly  I  devoted  the  early  spring  of 
1915  to  a  somewhat  extensive  senes  of  experiments  in 
staining  and  fixing  the  brains  of  cockroaches  (Periplaneta), 
my  object  being  to  familiarise  myself  with  some  forms  of 
technique  which  I  proposed  to  apply  later  to  Micropteryx. 
I  shall  describe  my  methods  for  both  insects  together, 
though  some  of  them  are  only  applicable  to  one  or  other 
of  the  insects. 

Owing  to  the  chitinous  cuticle  of  insects  it  is  necessary 
to  take  every  care  to  ensure  the  penetration  of  the  fixing  fluid. 
Unless  there  is  good  reason  to  the  contrary  Micropteryx 
should  be  cut  in  two  with  a  sharp  knife ;  only  the  anterior 
end  will  be  preserved  and  fixed.  A  cockroach,  on  the  other 
hand,  should  be  chloroformed  and  held  between  the  finger 
and  thumb,  with  the  head  resting  on  the  thumb-nail ;  the 
epicranium  should  then  be  punctured  with  a  small  sharp 
Imife,  and  also  the  eyes  if  the  individual  is  a  lai^e  one ; 
the  same  knife  should  then  be  used  to  remove  all  the  mouth 
parts  and  the  labrum  at  one  transverse  sweep,  the  thumb- 
nail forming  a  block  on  which  the  cutting  is  done.  All  this 
can  be  performed  without  any  damage  being  done  to  the 
brain  by  pressure.  The  head  is  then  cut  off  and  placed  in 
the  fixing  fluid. 

Fixatives.  OsHic  Acid  (osmium  tetroxide).  —  This  is 
perhaps  the  most  generally  used  of  all  fixatives,  ever  since 
the  time  of  Viallanes,  who  described  it  as  "  le  riactif  le 
plus  pricieutc  que  nous  possidions  pour  mettre  en  ividence 
le  trajet  dea  fines."  It  has  been  used  in  strengths  of  from 
i%  to  1  %■  Flemming's  solution  baa  also  been  much 
used,  and  it  is  probable  that  its  results  are  slightly  better 
than  those  given  by  osmic  acid  alone.  Bottger  recom- 
mended its  employment  for  periods  of  about  three  weeks ; 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


142  Mr.  P.  A.  Buxton  on  tie 

I  cannot  see  that  anything  is  gained  by  leaving  material 
in  it  for  so  long  a  time,  thou^  it  is  well  known  that  all 
fixatives  containing  osmic  acid  penetrate  slowly  even 
through  small  pieces  of  tissue.  Forty-eight  hours  is  quite 
sufflcieot,  according  to  my  experience,  Borrel'a  fluid  also 
gives  good  results  very  similar  to  those  obtained  with  other 
osmic  acid  fluids.  Micropteryx  tends  to  float  in  this  and 
other  fixatives ;  if  it  cannot  be  caused  to  sink  with  the  ud 
of  shaking  it  may  be  lightly  painted  with  90  %  alcohol  in 
order  to  reduce  the  surface  tension.  All  these  fixatives 
are  extremely  useful,  though  they  occasionally  tend  to 
shrink  the  cytoplasm  of  the  la^r  nerve  cells.  The  nerve 
fibres  (axons)  stand  out  from  one  another  with  great  clear- 
ness, and  in  this  way  the  sections  ate  well  suit«d  for  study : 
they  are  never  distorted,  and  there  is  no  tendency  for 
the  ganglion  cells  to  break  away  in  masses  from  the  under- 
l3^g  fibrillar  substance.  Great  care  must  be  exenused 
in  washing  the  material  veiy  thoroughly  in  water  after 
fixation,  or  the  staining  will  be  unsatisfactory. 

FoBUALiN.— Formalin  has  been  recommended  in  various 
rather  high  percentages  (10  %,  20  %,  etc.)  by  more  than  one 
worker.  It  is  customary  to  leave  the  heads  in  it  for  some 
days.  I  anticipate  that  the  use  of  formalin  will  soon  be 
discontinued,  for  though  it  gives  a  distinctly  good  denoon- 
stration  of  the  tracts  of  axons,  there  is  a  great  tendency  for 
the  formation  of  vacuoles  in  the  fibrillar  substance.  The  re- 
sult of  this  is  that  the  tracts  are  pushed  to  one  side  and 
distorted.  This  vacuoUaation  is  not  invariable,  but  it 
constitutes  a  grave  defect  in  the  method,  which  is  one  that 
I  found  unreliable. 

Picro-Chlor- Acetic  Mixtobb.  —  I  do  not  know  to 
whom  we  are  indebted  for  this  very  useful  fixative;  but 
it  appears  that  it  has  not  previously  been  used  by  insect 
neurologists.  My  own  experience  ia  that  it  is  the  best 
general  fixative  I  have  ever  employed,  and  I  trust  that  the 
workers  of  the  future  will  be  as  satisfied  with  it  as  I  am 
myself.  It  possesses  very  great  powers  of  penetration, 
and  can  be  relied  on  to  fix  small  insects  completely  without 
decapitation  or  any  other  precautions.  Inaect  histologiats 
will  find  that  it  is  an  exceedingly  fine  preservative  of  the 
details  of  cell-structure;  as  far  as  the  brain  is  concerned 
this  fluid  demonstrat«d  the  tracts  of  axons  with  particular 
clearness,  and  in  this  respect  it  does  not  fall  far  short  of 
osmic  acid.    The  nerve  cells  are  also  well  preserved,  and 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


ProtocerArutn  of  Microptenfx.  143 

all  the  different  types  can  easily  be  distinguished,  though 
for  a  special  study  of  the  cells  it  is  certainly  best  to  have 
some  material  fized  for  that  purpose  in  Bouin's  fluid. 

Bouin's  Fluid.— This  fixative  is  only  of  use  for  a  study 
of  the  nerve  celb,  and  for  this  purpose  it  ie  unrivalled.  It 
fixes  material  in  such  a  way  that  the  tracts  of  fibres  cannot 
be  distinguished  at  all,  but  that  is  immaterial  provided  it  is 
realised  that  the  fluid  is  essentially  a  special  fixative. 

AcBTic  SuBUHATE  SOLUTION.— This  is  Simply  a  satu- 
rated solution  of  mercuric  chloride  in  dilute  alcohol  to  which 
a  small  percentage  of  acetic  acid  has  been  added.  It  has 
been  used  by  other  authors  but  there  is  nothing  to 
recommend  it ;  the  tracts  or  bundles  of  axons  are  shown  in 
much  the  same  way  as  they  are  in  material  fixed  in  the 
picn>-chlor-acetic  mixture,  the  cells  are  shrunken  and  the 
di£Ferent  types  cannot  be  distinguished,  and  the  fluid  has 
poor  power  of  penetration. 

PEEEann's  Fluid. — This  is  a  fixative  with  very  small 
power  of  penetration,  even  when  used  hot.  Even  if  penetra- 
tion is  secured  the  tracts  of  axons  cannot  be  distinguished 
from  one  another,  and  the  cells  ate  swollen  and  matted 
together. 

Gilson's  Fluid. — The  penetrating  power  of  this  fluid 
is  so  great  that  insects  may  be  fixed  in  it  whole.  It  is  an 
exceUeat  fixative  of  ganglion  cells,  and  shows  the  differences 
between  the  types  very  clearly :  tor  this  purpose  it  is 
valuable  but  it  fails  entirely  to  define  the  axons. 

BiCHBOMATE.  —  Potassium  bichromate,  apart  from  its 
use  in  the  Golgi  method,  is  quite  useless  as  a  flxative  of 
insect  nerve  tissue,  first  because  details  of  structure  and 
the  course  of  axons  are  not  well  preserved,  secondly  because 
material  so  fixed  stains  most  intensely  and  generally  with 
the  aniline  dyes,  thirdly  because  these  stains  can  scarcely 
be  washed  out  or  difTerentiat«d,  and  fourthly  because  of  the 
great  brittleness  of  sections  which  have  been  exposed  to 
the  action  of  these  fluids. 

The  Golgi  Meh^od.  —  This  method  has  been  appUed 
by  Kenyon  to  the  brain  of  the  bee,  and  with  it  be  has  ob- 
tained some  very  renuirkable  results;  his  original  paper 
(Kenyon,  1896,  I)  should  be  consulted  for  a  full  account 
of  bis  procedure.  It  is  almost  impossible  to  apply  it  to 
insects  which  are  not  available  for  the  greater  part  of  the 
year  because  it  is  extremely  precarious,  and  even  Kenyon 
himself   only   obtained   good  results  with  an  occasional 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


144  Hr.  F.  A.  BuxtoD  on  the 

qKcimen.  I  Iiare  been  unable  to  use  it  with  any  success 
upon  Micropteryx. 

Mbtaluc  bfPBEQSATioN.— The  object  of  this  method 
is  to  impregnate  nerve  cells  and  fibres  with  actnal  metallic 
ulver  and  gold.  The  silver  salt  which  is  invariably  used 
is  the  nitrate,  and  as  it  gives  ezceUent  results  I  have  tried 
no  other  salts.  The  beads  are  dropped  into  a  solution  of 
this  salt  and  kept  in  the  dark  for  a  period.  I  have  devoted 
some  time  to  discovering  the  best  strength  of  silver  solution 
and  the  period  during  which  the  heads  shoold  be  exposed 
to  its  action.  I  find  that  the  best  reanlta  are  obtained 
by  dropping  them  into  1  %  silver  nitrate  in  water,  and  leav- 
ing them  in  the  dark  for  ten  days.  The  ralver  is  very  slow 
in  penetrating  the  head,  and  if  a  6  %  solution  is  used  there 
is  great  danger  that  the  periphery  will  be  blackened  before 
the  central  portions  are  aSected  at  all.  I  believe  that 
penetration  can  be  accelerated  by  keeping  the  whole  at 
aO'-SS"  C.  It  is  probable  that  the  period  during  which  the 
head  lies  in  AgNOg  is  immaterial  provided  that  the  fixation 
proceeds  in  the  dark  and  that  sufficient  time  is  allowed  for 
the  full  and  equal  penetration  of  the  silver.  It  was  not 
found  advisable  to  assist  the  silver  to  penetrate  more  quickly 
by  employing  an  alcoholic  solution  of  the  salt.  I  have,  for 
instance,  experimented  with  a  1  %  solution  in  30  %  alcohol, 
following  this  by  the  various  processes  which  I  describe 
below.  The  impregnation  of  the  various  fibres  was  not 
obtained  at  all,  though  the  various  parts  of  the  bnun  were 
coloured  to  diSerent  degrees.  In  fact,  the  alcoholic  solu- 
tion of  silver  gave  quite  a  pretty  differential  stain  of  no 
particular  value,  but  failed  utterly  to  produce  the  sweeping 
black  lines  which  are  what  is  desired. 

The  head,  then,  is  fixed  for  ten  days  in  I  %  silver  nitrate 
in  darkness.  It  is  then  washed.  A  few  workeis  transfer 
it  to  pyrogallic  acid  for  a  day,  in  order  to  reduce  the  silver 
and  leave  it  in  the  tissues  in  a  finely  divided  state.  I  am 
quite  convinced  that  this  is  unwise.  The  reduction  may  be 
done  much  more  evenly  by  a  method  which  I  shall  now  de- 
scribe. The  heads  are  embedded,  unreduced,  in  paraffin, 
fixed  to  the  slide  in  the  usual  manner,  and  treated  with 
xj'lol  and  descending  grades  of  alcohol.  At  this  stage  the 
sections  are  sienna-brown  in  colour.  From  "a  low  grade  of 
alcohol  the  sections  are  moved  to  distilled  water.  (I  need 
hardly  say  that  if  the  beads  or  sections  are  brought  into  tap 
water  a  fine  deposit  of  chloride  will  be  precipitated  which 


Prolocer^rum  oj  Micropttryx.  145 

will  completely  ruin  the  preparations.)  The  slides  are  now 
placed  in  1-2  %  AgNOj  and  exposed  to  bright  sunlight  or 
an  electric  lamp  for  about  ten  minutes.  After  this  they 
are  washed  for  two  minutes  in  distilled  water  and  placed  in 
1  %  gold  chloride  for  two  minutes  in  a  bright  light.  They 
are  then  again  washed  and  placed  in  an  aqueous  solution  of 
pyrogalUc  acid  until  the  reduction  is  complete,  deposits  of 
metal  being  left  in  the  fibres.  The  sections  are  now  brought 
up  through  the  usual  grades  of  alcohol,  stained  for  a  very 
few  seconds  in  orange  G,  and  mounted.  These  prepara- 
tions do  not  degenerate  under  the  cover-slip  in  the  same 
manner  as  Golgi  preparations. 

This  impregnation  is  only  a  modification  of  one  intro- 
duced by  Ramon  y  Cajal;  a  similar  method  has  been 
employed  by  Jonescu. 

li  it  is  successful  it  gives  sweeping  black  lines  of  axons 
running  through  the  brain  in  the  most  diagrammatic 
manner.  It  is  unfortunately  almost  inapplicable  to  sb 
small  an  insect  as  Mu^opteryx,  owing  to  the  fact  that  the 
aqueous  silver  solution  hardly  penetrates  the  insect's 
minute  neck  even  after  decapitation.  I  am  quite  confident 
that  this  method  will  be  found  most  useful  in  the  study  of 
the  brains  of  insects  which  are  large  enough  to  admit  of 
the  brain  being  laid  partly  bare  to  the  fixing  fluid. 

II.  Section  Cutting. 
All  material  should  be  stored  in  90%  alcohol,  rather  than 
in  a  lower  percent^e.  Excellent  material  may  be  com- 
pletely ruined  if  the  spirit  in  which  it  is  kept  has  ever  been 
in  contact  with  cork,  the  tannin  of  which  interferes  with 
the  action  of  mrist  stains :  glass-stoppered  vessels  must 
accordingly  be  used. 

Section  Cutting, — It  is  well  known  that  the  cutting  of 
sections  through  heavily  chitinous  insects  presents  great 
difficulties.  Much  may  be  done  to  overeome  this,  but  be- 
fore discussing  methods  of  softening  chitin  I  should  like 
to  state  my  firm  conviction  that  the  one  factor  of  prime 
importance  is  the  microtome  knife.  In  the  absence  of  a 
really  sharp  knife  no  softening  reagents  and  no  care  exer- 
cised during  the  euibedding  are  of  the  slightest  value.  The 
best  softening  reagent,  so  far  as  my  limited  knowledge  goes, 
is  spirit  soap  (German  Pharmacopoeia),  the  use  of  which  was 
first  advocated  by  Kurt  Bedau.     The  insects  are  placed  in 

TRAHS.  BNT.  SOC.  LOND.  1917.— PART  I.      (NOV.)  L 


ih,  Google 


146  Mr.  P.  A.  BnztoD  on  the 

this  for  some  days,  well  washed  in  70  %  and  90  %  alcohol, 
and  then  embedded.  The  chitin  is  certainly  softened  by 
this  solution,  but  will  regain  some  of  its  hardness  if  it  is 
simply  embedded  in  hot  paraffin.  It  appears  that  heat, 
absolutfi  alcohol,  and  xylol,  all  ezeicise  a  marked  harden- 
ing effect  on  chitin.  It  is  beat,  then,  that  the  head  or 
insect  should  be  dehydrated  as  much  as  possible  in  90% 
alcohol,  left  a  short  time  in  absolute  alcohol,  and.cleared  in 
chloroform.  I  then  place  it  for  some  days  in  a  chloroform 
solution  of  paraffin,  and  finally  drop  it  into  the  hot  parafBn 
of  the  ordmary  embedding  bath.  Here  it  remains  only 
long  enough  for  it  to  attain  the  temperature  of  the  bath, 
and  is  then  removed  in  the  crucible  or  other  vessel  in  which 
the  paraffin  is  contained,  and  placed  under  a  vacuum  pump ; 
the  pump  nill  quickly  remove  the  chloroform,  most  of 
which  has  by  now  become  diffused  into  the  paraf&n.  The 
mass  may  then  be  turned  out  into  a  mould  and  cooled. 
Terpineol  has  also  been  used  as  a  softening  reagent  and 
it  appears  quite  satisfactory,  though  I  have  not  much 
experience  of  it. 

Celloidin, — I  have  used  this  to  some  extent,  though 
I  no  longer  do  so,  because  I  find  it  unnecessary  if  spirit 
soap  is  used  as  described  above.  It  cannot  be  relied  upon 
to  penetrate  a  whole  insect  unless  thin  celloidin  be  employed 
for  many  days. 

Both  with  and  without  celloidin  I  have  been  able  to 
obtain  serial  sections  of  the  head  of  Micropteryx  of  con- 
siderable thinness.  I  have  several  series  of  35  n,  which  is 
not  by  any  means  too  thin,  because  of  the  smallness  and 
complex  structure  of  the  brain. 

Practical  experience  teaches  me  that  it  is  never  safe  to 
move  either  complete  brains  or  sections  from  absolute 
alcohol  to  x}'lol  or  vice  versa,  but  that  an  intermediate 
mixture  of  the  fluids  should  always  be  employed.  Unless 
this  is  done  the  ganglion  cells  will  frequently  break  away 
from  the  axonic  part  of  the  brain. 

III.  Staining. 
For  general  study  sections  should  be  stAined  with  Deia- 
field's  HjEMatoxylin,  and  orange  G  (eosin  may  also 
be  used,  but  I  think  that  the  orange  G  gives  better  result*). 
Such  sections  are  excellent  for  preliminary  work,  and  I 
always  use  this  stain  as  a  standard  test  for  a  fixative  which 
is  new  to  me. 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


Prolocerebntm  oj  Micropteryx.  147 

Another  valuable  stain  is  FiCBO-HiGBOsra.  This  bringa 
into  special  prominence  the  tracts  of  fibres  which  run 
throu^  the  brain.  Counter-staining  should  be  avoided, 
and  also  over-stainiiig,  because  picio-nigrosin  washes  oot 
only  with  difficulty  in  add  alcohol.  The  beet  results  are 
obtained  with  matenal  &ssA  in  osmic  acid  or  Flemming'a 
solution. 

Other  hmnatoxylin  methods  have  little  to  leconunend 
them.  The  Weigert-Pal  method  cannot  be  used  because 
it  is  specific  for  myelin  sheaths,  which  are  never  found  on 
the  nerve  fibres  of  insects. 

5%     IlSMATOXYLIN     CONTAININO     LITEIUH     CABBONATB 

is  a  stain  for  nerve  fibres,  but  picro-nigroein  gives  similar 
though  more  distinct  results.  Staining  with  Malloby's 
afUATOZYLm  is  very  strongly  recommended  by  Kenyon 
and  by  Altens.  The  process  is  complicated.  At  firat 
sight  the  stain  appears  much  too  general  to  be  of  use. 
Every  tissue  is  stained  a  heavy  dark  blue,  and  differentia- 
tion  in  acid  alcohol  is  useless.  I  have  discovered  that  the 
sections  may  be  quickly  differentiated  in  a  solution  of 
sodium  bicarbonate  in  distilled  water.  The  stain  becomes 
bright  sky  blue  and  most  of  the  tissues  are  partly  decolor- 
ised. The  nerve  fibres  retain  the  stain.  This  complicated 
method  produces  results  which  are  not  really  superior  to 
those  produced  by  staining  with  picro-nigrosin.  The  blue 
colour  appeals  to  be  permanent.    The  cytoplasm  of  the 

fiant  cells  retains  even  more  of  the  stain  than  do  the  nerve 
bres.    The  ordinary  small  ganglion  cells  are  very  u:uch 
decolorised  in  the  alkali. 

Mallobt's  AmuN  Blub.  —  This  has  been  used  by 
Bretachneider  in  his  work  on  the  brain  of  Periplanela.  The 
method  is  one  of  great  complexity,  especially  with  the  addi- 
tion of  the  modifications  which  he  Introduces.  The  results 
are  extremely  beautiful,  but  most  workers  will  probably 
consider  them  hardly  worth  the  trouble  and  time  expended 
on  them. 

Maxn's  Stain.— I  am  much  indebted  to  Dr.  D.  Keilin 
for  insisting  on  my  giving  a  trial  to  this  stain,  which 
will  be  found  of  great  value.  I  find  it  best  to  stain  first, 
Kghtly,  with  Delafield,  but  this  is  not  necessary  or  desir- 
able except  for  nerve  cells;  the  stain  is  \^'idely  known 
to  insect  histologists,  and  is  strongly  recommended  to 
neurologists.  It  is  seen  at  its  best  when  applied  to 
noateiial  fixed  in  the  fluids  of  Bouin,  or  Gilson,  or  in  the 

iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


148  Mr.  P.  A.  Buxton  on  the 

picro-chlor-acetic  mixture ;  it  should  not  be  used  upon 
OBRiic  acid  preparationa, 

I  have  tned  several  stains  which  have  proved  more  or 
less  useless,  and  I  mention  them  below  in  order  to  save 
others  from  wasting  time  upon  them. 

Methylene  Blue  and  Methyl  VroLET. — It  appears 
that  the  cells  have  little  affinity  for  these  stains.  This  is 
remarkable  when  it  is  remembered  to  how  lai^e  an  extent 
methylene  blue  has  been  used  as  a  vital  stain  for  the 
nervous  systems  of  the  Arthropoda. 

Van  Gieson's  Stain, — This  stain  is  useless  because  it 
colours  all  the  soft  parts  of  the  section  a  uniform  jank 
colour,  without  any  of  the  differentiation  which  it  gives 
with  sections  of  the  tissues  of  Vertebrates. 

Varioua  preparations  of  carmine  were  tried,  because  of 
its  historic  interest  as  the  only  stain  used  by  the  workers 
of  thirty  or  forty  years  ago.  It  appears  to  have  singularly 
little  affinity  for  any  part  of  the  brain  of  Micropteiyx. 

The  stains  on  which  I  ^ace  most  reliance  are  Delafield's 
hcemaloxylin  wUh  orange  0  as  cownter-stain  for  preliminary 
study,  'picTo-nigrodn  and  the  reduced  silver  and  gold  method 
for  the  study  of  the  course  of  nerve  fibres,  and  Mann's  stain  for 
the  nerve  cms. 

IV.  Note. — Some  of  the  fixatives  and  stains  to  which  I 
have  had  reason  to  refer  are  not  very  well  known,  and  it 
will  perhaps  he  helpful  if  I  give  their  compositions.  The 
picro-cklor-acetic  mixture  is  1  %  picric  acid  in  absolute 
alcohol,  6  parts;  chloroform  1  part;  formalin  (40%) 
1  part ;  glacial  acetic  acid  J  part.  Fix  twenty-four  hours, 
then  three  days  in  90  %  alcohol.  Borrd's  fluid  consists  of 
osmic  acid  (08  04)  1  gm.;  acetic  acid  10  c.c;  platinum 
chloride  1  gm. ;  chromic  acid  TS  gm. ;  and  distilled  water 
175  c.c. 

The  syiril  soap  which  is  recommended  as  a  reagent 
for  softening  chitin  is  one  of  the  official  preparations  of 
the  German  Fharmacopceia :  6  gms.  of  olive  oil  are 
saponified  with  7  gnm.  of  a  solution  of  potassium  hydroxide ; 
to  this  is  added  alcohol  30  gms.,  water  17c.c.  (Kurt  Bedau, 
Zeitachr.  f.  wisa.  Zoologie,  Vol.  97,  p.  418,  1910-11). 

Of  the  stains  the  following  should  perhaps  be  described. 
The  piCTO-nigrosin  I  used  was  made  up  as  follows  :  I  vol, 
1  %  aqueous  solution  of  nigrosin ;  9  vols,  saturated  aqueous 
solution  of  picric  acid.     The  fact  that  the  various  authors 


Prolooerebrum  of  Microfteryx.  149 

who  have  tried  this  stain  give  conflicting  accounts  of  its 
value  is  due  to  the  fact  that  there  is  no  standard  composi- 
tion for  it.  MaUory'a  htBtnatoxylin. — ^The  stain  consists 
of  htematozylin  crystals  1  gm.;  chloral  hydrate  10  gms.; 
10%  solution  of  phosphomolybdic  acid  in  water  1  cc; 
distilled  water  100  c.c.  The  sections  are  mordanted  in 
5  %  copper  sulphate  solution  for  twenty-four  hours,  washed 
in  tap  water,  placed  for  i  or  J  hour  in  the  stain  diluted 
with  four  times  its  volume  of  distilled  water,  rinsed  and 
carefully  decolorised  in  a  solution  of  sodium  bicarbonate 
in  distilled  water.  Bretschneider's  application  of  MaUory's 
anilin  lAue,  with  some  slight  modifications  of  my  own,  is  aa 
follows  ;  Delafield's  hffimatoxyl  1  hour,  or  until  the  nuclei 
are  faintly  stained ;  wash ;  eosin  twenty  minutes ;  wash  in 
water;  1  %  phosphomolybdic  acid  two  minutes.  Mallory'a 
stain  one  minute ;  wash,  dehydrate  and  mount.  The  com- 
position of  the  Mallory's  stain  is  anilin  blue  (water-soluble) 
I  gm.,  orange  Q  (water-soluble)  2  gms.,  oxalic  acid  2  gnis., 
distilled  water  100  cc.  Mann's  stain ;  1  %  aqueous  sol. 
methyl  blue  35  cc,  1  %  aqueous  eosin  35  cc,  water  100  c.c. 
Stain  ten  minutes  or  longer,  for  it  is  impossible  to  oveistain, 
tuid  then  wash  in  alcohol  containing  1  %  of  pyridin,  watch- 
ing the  process  of  decolorisation  under  the  microscope; 
with  practice  the  right  degree  of  decolorisation  can  easily 
be  obtained. 

BlBUOaRAPHY. 
A  very  complete  bibliography  is  given  by  Eiihnle.     It 
is  only  necessary  for  me  to  give  a  list  of  the  authors  and 
papers  to  which  I  have  referred. 

A.  Works  dealing  with  the  Segmentation  of  the  Arthro- 
pod Head,  etc 

Brauer,   a.     (1)  1894.     Beitrage  zur  Kentniss  der  En- 

twicklungsgeschicbte  des  Skorpions.     Part 

I.    Zeitschr.  f.  wiss.  Zool.,  Bd.  LVII. 

(2)1895.   Ditto.  Partll.  Op.cit.,Bd.LVlX. 

Heymons,  R.     (1)  1895.    Die  Embryonalentwicklung  von 

Dermapteren    und    Orthopteren.     Jena 

(Fischer). 

(2)  1897.  Entwicklungsgeschichtliche  Un- 
tersuchungen  an  I^episma  sacchanna. 
Zeitschr.  f.  wiss.  Zool.,  Bd.  LXII. 

(3)  1901.  Entw.  gesch.  der  Scolopender. 
Zoologica  (Chun.),  XIll. 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


160  Mi.  F.  a.  BuztOQ  on  the 

KoRSCHBLT   and  Hbidbe.     1899.    Textbook  of  Embry- 
ology of  Invert«bnite3,  Vol.  III. 

B.  Works  dealing  with  the  Central  Nervous  System  of 
Insects. 
Altem,  Hans  von,  1910.     Zur  Pkylogenie  des  Hymeno- 

pteiengehinis.      Jen.    Zdtecbi.    f,    Katurwiss.,    6d. 

XLVI,  pp.  511-590. 
Bbrlbsb,  a.    (1)  1907.    GU  Insetti,  Vol.  I,  pp.  569-588. 
(2)  MonogT.  dei  Myiientomata.  Bedia,  Vol. 
VI,  p.  134. 
Bbetschnetder.      1914.     Jen.    Zeitschr.    f.    Naturwiss., 

Bd.LI. 
BouviBR,  M.  E.  L.    Henri  Viallanes,  sa  vie  et  ses  tiavaux. 

Ami.  de  Sci.  Nat.  Zool.,  S4r.  VII,  Tome  XV  (1893). 

(CoDtains  a  complet«  bibliography  of  the  papers  of 

Viallanes,  twenty-three  of  which  deal  with  the  nervous 

system  of  the  Arthropoda.) 
DiETL,  M.  J.     1876.    Die  Oiganisation  des  Arthropoden- 

gehirns.    Zeitschr.  f.  wise.  Zool.,  Bd..  XXVII,  p.  489. 
Fl6oel,   J.  H.  h.    1878.    Ueber  den  einheitlichen  Bau 

des  Gehims  iu  den  verschiedenen  InsectenoidDungen, 

Zeitschr.  f.  wiss.  Zool.,  Suppl.-Bd.  XXX. 
Haller,  B.     1905.    Uebei  den  allgemeinen  Banplan  des 

Tracheaten  Syncerebrums.    Aich.  f.  microscop.  Anat. 

und  Entwick.,  Bd.  LXV,  p.  181. 
HoLSTB.    1910.     Zeitschr.  f.  wiss.  Zoologie,  Bd.  XCVI, 

p.  420. 
J0NE8CU,  C.    N.    1909.    Vergleichende   Uatersuchungen 

iiber  das  Gehim  der  Honigbiene.    Jen.  Zeitechr.  f. 

Naturwiss.,  Bd.  XLV,  p.  111. 
Kenyon,  C.  F.     (1)  1896.    The  Brain  of  the  Bee.    Joura. 
ofComp.  Neuiol.,  Vol.  VI. 
(2)  1896.    The  Meaning  and  Stnicturo  of 
the   so-called   "  Mushroom  Bodies "  of 
the  Hexapod  brain.    Amer.  Nat.,  Vol. 
XXX. 
KOhnlb,  K.  F.     1913.    Daa  Gehim  des  gemeinen  Ohr- 

wurm's  (Forfic,  etc.).    Jen,  Zeitschr.  f.  Naturwiss., 

Bd.  L,  pp.  147-276. 
LowMB.     1893.    The  Blow-fly,  Vol.  II,  p.  432. 
Newton,  E.  F.     1879.     On  the  Brain  of  the  Cockroach. 

Q JJI.S.,  Vol.  XIX. 
Packard,  A.  S.    1903.    A  Textbook  of  Entomology. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


Protooerebrum  of  Micropleryx,  151 

VuLLANES.     (1)  1886.    Le  Cerveau  de  la  Gu€pe.    Ann. 
de  Sci.  Nat.  Zool.,  Sdr.  VII,  Tome  II. 
(2)  1887.    Etudes   hiatologiques  et   o^^o- 
logiqu^   BUT   les    centres   nerveux.    V°". 
M4moire.     Le  Cervean  du  Criquet  (Oedi- 
poda  and  Caloptenus).    Ann.  de  Sci.  Nat. 
Zool.,  86t.  VII,  Tome  IV. 
ZiEGLER,  H.  E.     1912.    Die  Getiinie  der  Insectea.    Naturw. 
Wochenschr.,  Bd.  XI. 

Abbbbviations  Used. 

In  eveiy  case  the  same  abbreviations  are  used  in  the 
Plates  as  m  the  text  figures. 

The  letters  a,  b,  c,  a,  etc.,  refer  in  all  cases  to  tracts. 

a.  b,  c,  d,  etc.  (p.  136). 

as.  br.  =  ascflodjQg  branch  {=  forward  root)  oi  mushroom 
body. 

a^.  ^  axonic  substance  ^  fibrillar  substance. 

ag.  It.  ^  ascending  trunk  of  mushroom  body. 

hr.  =  bridge. 

br.  hd.  =  head  of  bridge. 

d.  I.  ^  dorsal  lobe  of  protocerebnun. 

dm.  =  deuterocerebrum  (=  antennary  lobe). 

d.  ty.  s=s  deuterocerebral  or  paired  sympathetic  system. 

ei.  =  Einstrdmmung  (see  p.  120). 

g.  c.  =  ganglion  cells  of  the  "  normal  "  type. 

gi.  c.  =  giant  cells. 

hd.  =  head  of  mushroom  body. 

in.  ca.  =.  inner  capsule  of  central  body. 

in.  r.  ^  inner  root  of  mushroom  body. 

1. 1.  =  hiteral  protocerebral  lobes. 

lo.  =  "  la  loge  "  of  Viallanes. 

mb.  =  mushroom  body. 

mb.  c.  =  cells  of  musturoom  body. 

mi.  I.  =  middle  lobe. 

mi.  I.  a.  and  mi.  I.  p.  =  anterior  and  posterior  portions  of 

middle  lobe. 
mm.  =  tract  mm.  (p.  138). 
mo.  n.  =  motor  antennary  nerve. 
ng.  =  nuclei  of  neuroglia  cells. 
nl.  ^  neurilemma. 
nn.  ^  nnclei  of  the  neurilenmia. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


152  Exj^naium  of  Plates. 

o.  c.  =  cells  of  optic  lobes. 

oc.gl.=  ocellarj'  glomerulus. 

oc.  n.  ^  ocellary  nerve, 

0. 1.  =  optic  lobes. 

ou.  ca.  =  outer  capsule  ol  central  body, 

pc.  I.  =  protocerebral  lobes. 

po.  br.  =  posterior  branch  (=  backward   root)   of   musb- 

room  body. 
«.  n.  =  sensory  antennary  nerve, 
5(.  =  stem  of  mushroom  body. 
sw.  hd.  =  swollen  head  of  ascending  branch. 
sw.  St.  =  swollen  foot  of  stem. 
Im.  =  tritocerebnmi. 
tr.  =  tracheal  tubes. 
tu.  s=  tumulus. 

vl.  I.  ^  ventrolateral  lobe  of  protocerebrum. 
vl.  I.  a.  and  vl.  I.  p.  =  ita  anterior  and  posterior  portions. 


Explanation  of  Plates, 


PUt«s  Vll  to  IX  (figures  1  to  16)  Tepresent  a  series  of  Tertical 
transverse  Bections  through  the  protocerebrum  of  Mieroplerj/x, 
pftrtially  diagrammaitic.  Each  figure  represents  a,  BUcoeaHiTe  sec- 
tion 3'5  li  thick,  except  that  single  sections  are  omitted  betweem 
figures  6  and  7,  9  and  10,  14  and  16,  and  15  and  16. 

The  neurilemma  is  shown  as  a  black  line,  the  cells  of  the  mush- 
room body  {mb.  c. )  and  those  of  the  optic  lobes  (o.  c )  hy  black  masses, 
and  the  normal  ganglion  cells  {g.c.)  by  dork  grey,  except  where  one 
or  two  occur  alone,  in  which  case  they  are  represented  as  indi- 
vidual black  dots  (e.  g.  fig.  6).  Giant  cells  {gi.  e.)  are  always  drawn 
individually.  Axonic  substance  is  shown  pale  grey,  except  lbs 
Stem  of  the  mushioom  body,  which  stains  heavily  and  is  coloured 
dark,  and  certain  other  parts  of  the  protocerebrum  which  aie 
shown  in  medium  grey  because  they  stain  slightly  moio  intensely 
than  other  parts.  Bands  of  fibres  are  shown  as  dark  lines  when 
they  are  striking  features  of  any  section. 

The  upper  part  of  each  figure  is  dorsal,  the  lower  ventraL 

Plate  X  (fig.  17).— This  plat«  is  from  a  thin  section,  hence  the 
amount  of  free  space  among  the  ganglion  t^Us.    The  drawing  ro- 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Land.,  igi^,  Plale  VII. 


5  to 

BUXTON:  PROTOCEREBRUH  OF  MICROPTERYX. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Trans.  Enl.  Soc.  Lond.,  igij,  Plate  X. 


BUXTON  :    PROTOCEREBRUM   OF  MICROPTERYX. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Explanation  of  Plata,  153 

presents  the  npper  put  of  the  protc>cerebniin  (i/.  fig.  12),  and  ahovfl 
maahrooni  body  cells  and  nonnal  ganglion  cells  lying  in  a  loose 
mBBB  beneath  the  nenrilenuna  (nJ.),  which  here  contains  tracheae 
and  chaiaoteristic  elongate  nncleL  The  minute  glomenilar  bodice 
on  the  head  of  the  mnshioom  bodj  are  indicated,  and  also  the  large 
tract  r,  typical  of  Faaemibetanz,  and  the  donal  lobe,  on  example 
of  Fonktaabetanz.  Note  the  maaa  of  imgolar  neuroglial  nuclei 
bcmeath  one  head  of  the  bridge. 

The  plates  are  in  every  case  drawn  with  the  aid  of  a  drawing 
eyeiHece. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


(    154     ) 


VI.  Some  Notes  on  Butterfly  Migrations  in  Brititk  Ouiana. 
By  C.  B.  WiLUAMS,  M.A.,  F.E.S. 

With  Sketch  Map. 

[Read  IhTCh  IQi.  1017.] 

The  whole  problem  of  the  migration  of  insects,  and  of 
butterflies  in  particular,  is  one  of  great  interest,  and,  at  the 
same  time,  one  about  which  we  have  so  little  data  that  it 
is  almost  impossible  at  present  to  make  any  generalisations. 
With  the  exception  of  records  of  such  well-known  migratory 
insects  as  the  locusts,  most  of  the  published  accounts  are 
fragmentary,  inaccessible  or  iBolated  records  for  a  coimtry 
by  passing  visitors.  From  the  records  relating  to  butter- 
flies almost  the  only  common  fact  which  emeigee  is  that 
migrations  are  particularly  abundant  in  the  Pieridae, 
records  in  this  group  being  known  from  all  parts  of  the 
world. 

I  have  recently  spent  a  few  months  in  British  Guiana, 
and  have  been  fortunate  enough  to  observe  two  migrations 
of  the  yellow  Pierid,  Callidryaa  eubtde,  one  of  which  lasted 
for  at  least  t«n  days.  I  also  questioned  a  number  of 
residents  of  the  district  about  migrations,  which  when 
large  are  noticeable  even  by  the  non-entomological  public, 
and  find  that  they  are  a  phenomenon  of  regular  occurrence, 
and  that  almost  every  one  who  has  resided  there  for  any 
length  of  time  has  seen  the  clouds  "  of  yellow  butterflies 
all  flying  steadily  in  one  direction."  Most  of  the  accounts 
were  too  vague  to  be  of  any  value,  especially  with  regard 
to  details ;  but  from  among  them  I  was  able  to  get  some  in 
which  the  locality  and  the  direction  of  flight  was  given 
with  sufficient  appearance  of  accuracy  to  make  it  seem 
worth  recording.  In  addition  to  these  I  have  given  ex- 
tracts from  a  few  published  accounts  of  migrations  in 
Britbh  Guiana,  chiefly  from  local  pubhcations  which  are 
not  readily  accessible  to  the  entomologist. 

The  climatic  conditions  near  the  coast  of  British  Guiana, 
to  which  district  most  of  the  records  refer,  consist  of  two 
wet  and  two  dr>'  seasons  each  year.     In  general,  FebruaT>' 

TSANS.  EMT.  SOO.  LOND.  1917. — PABT  I.     (NOV.) 


ii^,Cooi^lc 


Me.  C.   B.  WUiiains'  NoUa  m  BtMerfiy  Migrations    155 

to  April  ia  more  or  less  dry ;  May  to  the  middle  of  August 
wet;  the  end  of  August  to  October  the  driest  aeasou; 
and  November  to  Febrnaiy  again  wet.  Furtbei  in  the 
interior  the  second  diy  season  is  lost,  and  there  is  only 
one  wet  and  one  dry  season  each  yeai. 

There  are  given  below  particulars  of  sixteen  different 
migrations  (really  more,  as  some  of  the  records  refer  to  a 
number  of  similar  migrations  seen  in  the  same  locality  in 
different  years).  All  except  one  of  these  reler  to  CaUidryas 
eubide.  Two  are  from  my  own  observations,  nine  are 
collected  from  residents  and  are,  I  beheve,  quite  reliable, 
while  five  have  been  previously  recorded.  The  exact 
locality  and  direction  of  all,  except  one,  will  be  fo\md 
indicated  on  the  accompanying  map. 

1.  This  migration  I  saw  in  the  North-west  District  of 
British  Guiana  within  a  short  distance  of  the  Venezuelan 
border.  Most  of  the  observations  were  made  on  the  River 
Amka,  between  the  junction  with  the  Barima,  of  which  it 
is  a  tributary,  and  lasororo  about  six  miles  further  up  the 
Aruka.  The  junction  of  the  two  rivers  is  about  twelve 
miles  in  a  direct  line  to  the  coast,  and  about  nine  miles  from 
Venezuela.  The  district  is  chiefly  a  vast  forest  swamp, 
below  the  high-tide  sea  level,  with  here  and  there  a  smtdl 
rounded  or  &t-topped  hill,  one  or  two  hundred  feet  high. 

The  migration  consisted  almost  entirely  of  the  yellow 
Rerid  CcSUdryaa  ei^jule,  interspersed  with  a  very  small 
proportion  of  at  least  three  other  species  which  I  was 
unable  to  catch ;  one  of  them,  a  large,  dark,  Fapilio-Iike 
insect,  may  possibly  have  been  Cydimon  [Urania]  Idlus, 
a  day'fl3ring  moth  which  is  not  uncommon  in  the  district, 
and  which  nas  been  recorded  as  having  migrations  of  its 

OWTl, 

I  first  became  aware  of  the  migration  on  August  1st, 
1916,  although  three  days  before  specimens  had  been 
noticed  in  the  district.  It  was  then  two  and  a  half  months 
after  the  beginning  of  the  first  wet  season.  The  migration 
was  only  at  times  really  conspicuous  and  never  attained 
a  density  which  could  without  exaggeration  be  recorded 
as  a  "  thick  cloud."  On  many  days  only  careful  observa- 
tion indicated  that  anything  unusual  was  occurring.  In 
order  to  get  a  comparative  idea  of  the  density  of  the 
migration  a  distance  of  about  two  hundred  yards  was 
estimated  from  the  observer  in  a  line  across  the  direction 
ot  flight  (in  close  spaces  this  sometimes  bad  to  be  reduced 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


156 


Mr.  C.  B.  \^Uliamfi'  Notes  on 


to  one  hundred  yards  or  leas),  and  the  number  of  butterflies 
crossing  this  line  per  minute  was  counted. 

It  will  be  best  to  give  the  actual  observations  taken 
at  the  time. 


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1st  Auffu^. — The  yellow  butterfly,  CaUidry<a  eiAuIe,  waa 
migrating  in  large  numbers  to-day.  They  were  flying  in 
an  easterly  to  south-easterly  direction  almost  across  what 
is,  for  this  district,  a  rather  strong  wind.    They  were  first 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


Butlerfiy  Mirations  in  British  Outana.  157 

noticed  crossiDg  the  Rivei  Amka  about  half  a  mile  from 
Issororo.  At  1.10  p.m.  I  counted  in  a  httle  over  five 
nuDUtes  sixty-two  CaUidryas,  one  orange  butterfly  of  about 
the  same  size,  one  smaller  yellow  species,  and  two  dark 
Paptlio-hke  insects  crossing  a  space  estimated  at  two  hundred 
yards  (moving  as  our  boat  moved).  They  became  rapidly 
more  common,  and  from  1.30-1.35  I  counted  three  hundred 
and  fifty  crossing  the  same  estimated  distance.  They  were 
then  for  some  distance  a  bttle  less  common,  but  at  the 
junction  of  the  Aruka  and  the  Barima,  where  we  arrived  at 
about  2.15,  at  least  a  hundred  and  fifty  per  minute  were 
passing.  Below  this  the  flight  thinned  out,  and  at  Mora- 
whanna,  four  miles  below  the  junction,  scarcely  any  were 
to  be  seen.  The  course  of  the  rivers  is  far  from  straight, 
but  the  flight  must  have  been  at  least  five  miles  across. 
About  one  in  a  hundred  of  the  butterflies  was  a  bright  orange 
species,  and  a  smaller  proportion  of  the  dark  FapUio-like 
species ;  this  latter  may,  however,  have  been  more  common, 
as  it  was  difficult  to  see  at  a  distance. 

Catching  butterflies  while  standing  up  in  a  small  boat 
is  neither  easy  nor  safe,  but  I  managed  to  net  two  specimens, 
one  male  and  one  female. 

Ind  August. — We  left  Morawhanna  at  11.30  a.m.,  and 
were  in  the  migration  practically  the  whole  way  back  to 
Issororo,  where  we  arrived  at  2.30  p.m.  The  butterflies 
were  occasional  near  Morawhanna,  almost  as  common  as 
yesterday  at  the  junction  of  the  Aruka  and  Barima,  and 
frequent  all  the  way  up  until  near  the  end,  when  a  very 
heavy  shower  sent  both  ua  and  them  into  shelter.  Even  in 
the  thinner  parts  ten  to  twenty  per  minute  were  crossing 
every  two  hundred  yards.  To-day  I  caught  five  specimens, 
four  males  and  one  female. 

3rd  August. — At  ten  o'clock  this  morning  the  yellow 
butterflies  were  flying  at  the  rate  of  two  or  three  per  minute 
past  the  bouse  (in  a  clearing  about  one  hundred  yards  wide 
and  about  half-way  up  a  bill  about  two  hundred  feet  high). 
At  10.15  none  were  to  be  seen ;  at  eleven  o'clock  they  were 
again  noticed  for  about  five  minutes;  at  12.30  they  were 
still  passing  over  three  or  tour  per  minute,  and  again  at 
two  o'clock  they  were  seen  occasionally  in  intervals  between 
showers.  At  3  p.m.  a  few  more  were  noticed.  I  caught 
to-day  one  more  specimen,  a  female. 

4th  August. — At  9.30  a.m.  six  or  seven  CaUidryas  were 
seen  passii^  south-east  over  the  house;  about  11  a.m.  they 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


158  Mr.  C.  B.  Willi&ms'  Note*  m 

were  noticed  whenever  the  snn  was  shining;  between 
11.35  and  11.40  thirty-foor  passed  over  on  a  hundred  yards 
line.  At  1  p.m.  two  or  three  per  minute  were  Bying  rapidly 
at  the  foot  of  the  bill,  all  going  south-east.  At  2  p.m.  they 
were  still  passing,  bnt  none  were  seen  after  three  o'clock. 
One  caoght  to-day  was  a  male. 

5lh  Augtat. — Very  wet,  r38  inchee  of  run ;  no  butterflies 
seen. 

6th  August. — They  were  first  noticed  to-day  at  11  ajn.; 
from  11.30-11.35  sixty-three  passed  over  the  garden,  'i.  e. 
thirteen  per  minute  on  a  hundred  yards  line. 

llh  August.  — Iha  butterflies  are  still  migrating.  At 
9.30  a.m.  six  or  seven  per  minute  were  passing  the  house; 
at  10.15  a.m.  eight  a  minute  were  paasmg  on  a  hundred 
yards  of  garden ;  and  agun  at  mid-day  and  at  one  o'clock 
they  were  still  flying.  One  specimen  captured  to-day  was 
a  male. 

&A  August, — At  11.15  a.m.  they  were  again  noticed 
migrating.  The  sun  seems  to  make  a  great  diflereace  to 
the  flight.  I  started  counting  at  11.16  a.m.,  and  in  the 
first  minute  eight  passed ;  then  the  sun  went  in,  and  in  the 
neit  four  minutes  only  three  were  seen ;  in  the  first  two 
minutes  of  sunshine  after  this  fifteen  passed.  Do  they 
follow  the  patches  of  sunlight,  or  settle  when  a  shadow 
comes  ^  The  former  does  not  seem  possible,  as  they  have 
always  been  flying  across  the  direction  of  the  nind.  At 
1.15  occasional  specimens  were  seen  crossing  the  river, 
but  they  were  far  apart ;  at  a  casual  ghince  it  might  not 
be  noticed,  but  every  ten  seconds  or  so  one  would  come 
into  view  going  full  speed  south-east. 

9{A  August.  —  The  butterflies  were  still  in  migration, 
but  only  occasionally  in  intervals  between  heavy  showers. 

10(i  August.  —  The  butterflies  were  plentiful  to-day, 
crossing  the  river  at  Issororo  at  least  twenty  to  thirty  per 
minute  on  two  hundred  yards  line.  Half  a  mile  between 
Issororo  they  thinned  out  and  remained  at  three  or  four 
per  minute  right  down  to  the  river  junction ;  below  this 
to  Moiawhanna  only  very  few  were  seen.  I  made  an 
attempt  to-day  to  estimate  the  speed  at  which  they  were 
flying;  previously  I  had  found  it  impossible  to  overtake 
them  even  when  on  a  clear  footpath,  arid  bad  considered 
their  speed  as  at  the  very  least  nine  miles  per  hour.  The 
river  now  gave  a  good  opportunity  of  testing  this,  as  they 
were  passing  directly  across  it  and  could  be  timed  from 


BuUtrfiy  MigraHona  in  British  Quiana.  159 

one  aide  to  the  other  with  ease.  The  river  waa  at  least 
a  hundred  and  fifty,  and  poasibly  two  hundred  yards  vide. 
Tbiee  butterflies  were  timed  and  took  twenty,  twenty-four 
and  twenty-six  seconds  to  cross.  Taking  twenty-four 
seconds  as  an  average  and  a  hundred  and  fifty  yards  as  the 
distance,  this  gives  twelve  miles  per  hour  (if  the  river  were 
two  hundred  yards  wide  it  would  oe  sixteen  miles  per  hour). 
This  ia,  I  think,  a  not  unreasonable  estimate. 

In  flying  the  insects  kept  close  to  the  surface  over  which 
they  were  passing ;  over  the  forest  they  seemed  never  to 
be  more  than  a  few  feet  above  the  tops  of  the  trees,  and  in 
any  but  the  smallest  clearing  they  descended  rapidly  to  the 
ground  and  flew  between  small  bushes  and  trees  about  four 
to  eight  feet  up.  On  crossing  the  river  they  kept  still 
lower,  being  seldoni  more  than  three  feet  above  the  water 
and  occasionally  almost  touching  it. 

Any  attempt  to  estimate  the  number  of  butterflies  in  a 
flight  of  this  kind  must  of  necessity  he  only  an  approxima- 
tion. Taking  ten  butterflies  per  minute  per  two  hundred 
yards  as  an  average,  this  gives  5,400  per  hour  per  mile, 
or  135,000  for  a  day  of  five  hours  on  a  front  of  five  miles. 
At  the  rate  noted  at  the  junction  of  the  Aruka  and  Barima 
on  the  Ist  August  {150  per  minute)  84,000  would  pass  in  a 
single  hour  on  a  front  of  one  mile. 

On  the  10th  August  I  left  the  district,  and  was  later 
informed  by  Mr.  A.  A.  Abraham,  Manager  of  the  Govern- 
ment Experimental  station  at  Issororo,  that  the  butterflies 
disappeared  shortly  after  my  departure. 

The  chief  points  of  the  above  migration  may  be  summar- 
ised as  follows  :  (1)  The  migration  lasted  at  least  ten  days ; 
(2)  both  males  and  females  were  represented,  the  former 
predominating  (my  total  captures  were  seven  males  and 
three  females).  (3)  They  Hew  constantly  in  a  south- 
easterly direction  at  a  speed  of  about  twelve  miles  per 
hour  across  the  prevailing  north-east  trade  wind. 

2,  In  the  middle  of  October  1916  Mr.  Abraham  wrote 
to  me  from  Issororo  to  say,  "  Since  my  last  note  to  you  [end 
of  September]  I  have  observed  that  the  butterflies  are 
returning  at  the  same  rate  and  numbers  to  the  bank  of  the 
river  from  which  they  migrated."  This  is  a  particulariy 
interesting  record,  as  it  confirms  several  other  records  of 
migration  in  opposite  directions  in  the  same  locality  about 
wliich  I  had  been  doubtful. 

3.  In  September  1916  I  observed  a  very  diffuse  niigra- 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


160  Mr.  C.  B.  Williams'  Notes  on 

tion  at  Bartica  at  the  junction  of  the  Esaequebo,  Cuyum 
and  Mazanmi  Kivers,  and  from  there  down  towards  the 
mouth  of  the  Essequebo.  On  the  11th  September  1 
noticed  that  all  the  CaUidryas  passing  over  the  garden  of 
the  house  where  I  was  staying  (at  H.  M.  Penal  Settlement 
on  the  opposite  bank  of  the  Jlazanmi  to  Bartica)  were 
flying  in  the  same  direction,  towards  the  N.N.W.,  at  full 
speed.  They  were  not  common,  and  in  twenty  minutes 
(12.40-1  p.m.)  I  only  counted  thirty-nine,  i.  e.  about  two 
a  minute ;  during  that  time  not  a  single  one  was  seen  to 
settle,  or  fly  in  any  other  direction.  They  were  still 
passing  over  about  half  an  hour  later,  but  after  that  the 
usual  afternoon  rains  came  on  and  they  were  not  seen 
again  that  day.  There  was  a  slight  east  wind  blowing  at 
the  time.  On  the  following  day  (12th  September)  at 
Bartica,  several  were  seen,  again  all  fljing  full  speed  N.N.W. 
On  the  13th  September  I  descended  the  Essequebo  to  the 
mouth  by  steamer,  and  during  the  early  part  of  the  journey 
CaUidryas  were  fl}'ing  N.N.W.  at  the  rate  of  four  or  five  a 
minute  on  a  two  hundred  yards  line.  There  was  then 
practically  no  wind.  About  10.30  a.m.  the  north-eaat  trade 
wind  became  stronger,  and  the  flight  changed  to  a  westerly 
direction  (almost  directly  across  the  river  instead  of  down 
it).  This  would  be  the  natural  resultant  of  a  N.E.  breeze 
on  an  attempted  flight  in  a  N.  or  N.N.W.  direction, 

4.  Mr,  Withers,  Jilanager  of  Hills  Estate,  Bartica,  who 
has  resided  in  the  district  about  seven  years,  tells  me  that 
he  has  many  times  seen  the  yellow  butterfly  migrating, 
sometimes  for  days  together,  alrcays  in  a  N.  to  N.W. 
direction.    These  flights,  he  says,  usually  occur  in  October. 

5.  Mr.  Frear,  Chief  of  H.  M.  Penal  Settlement,  tells  me 
that  about  the  beginning  of  August  1916  there  was  a  small 
flight  about  ten  miles  up  the  Mazaruni  River  flying  north- 
west. This  would  be  about  the  same  time  as  I  saw  them 
at  Issororo,  flying  in  an  exactly  opposite  direction. 

6.  Mr.  Cameron,  Acting  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Govern- 
ment Steamer  Ser\'ice,  tells  me  that  on  the  8th  September, 
1916,  he  saw  a  small  number  of  yellow  butterflies  at 
Camaria  on  the  Kiver  Cuyuni,  about  eight  miles  above  the 
Penal  Settlement,  all  flying  north-west, 

7.  H.  W.  B.  Moore,  in  "  Timehri,"  the  Journal  of  the 
Royal  Agricultural  and  Commercial  Society  of  British 
Ciuiana,  3rd  Series,  vol.  ii  (1912).  p.  -105.  says:  "In 
July  ...  I  ohserved  thousands  of  CaUidryas  eiibule  .  .  , 


ih,Cooi^lc 


Bviterfly  Migrations  in  Briliah  Guiana.  161 

flying  across  the  Essequebo  Bivei  from  Wakenaam  to  Hog 
Island  and  Great  Troolie  Island  [all  near  the  moath  of  the 
river].  They  were  fiying  chiefly  in  ones,  but  twos  and 
threes  and  higher  numbers  were  not  infrequent,  whilst 
once  in  a  way  a  flock  of  twelve  to  twenty  could  be  counted. 
The  great  majority  were  males.  .  ,  ,  Soon  after  Kunibaru 
Islands  were  passed  the  butterflies  were  seen  to  be  flying 
from  the  mainland  towards  Wakenaam.  Going  on  towards 
Aoiora  and  Suddie  on  the  west  bank  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  they  were  seen  flying  upstream,  following,  it  seemed, 
the  direction  of  the  wind."  All  the  directions  mentioned 
are  between  south  and  east. 

8.  Mr.  Marshall,  who  was  for  many  years  Manager  of 
s  sugar  plantation  near  Suddie,  on  the  west  bank  of  the 
mouth  of  the  Essequebo,  tells  me  that  migrations  of  the 
yellow  butterfly  are  a  regular  phenomenon  there,  chiefly 
in  May  and  June,  rarely  July,  always  flying  from  the  N.W. 
towards  the  S.E.,  wMch  is  across  the  prevailing  N.E. 
wind.  They  come  from  the  north-west,  and  frequently 
reach  the  coast  just  north  of  the  Suddie ;  thete  they  turn 
southward  along  the  coast  to  the  mouth  of  the  Essequebo 
and  then  cross  over  via  Tiger  Island,  Wakenaam,  Leguan, 
etc.  It  must  have  been  one  of  these  migratiooB  which 
Moore  describes  above  (7). 

9.  Mr,  Humphreys,  for  many  years  Manager  of  a  sugar 
plantation  at  Anna  Regina,  whidi  is  not  far  from  Suddie, 
says  that  he  has  frequently  seen  migrations  going  in  a 
northerly  direction  down  the  Essequebo  Kiver  and  up  the 
Coast.  This  is  in  the  exact  opposite  direction  to  the  last 
ivcorder,  but  there  is,  I  think,  no  reason  to  doubt  that  both 
are  possible.  Mr.  Humphreys  made  the  further  interesting 
remark  that  the  butterflies  were  sometimes  in  a  long, 
nanow  band,  only  ten  to  twenty  feet  wide. 

10.  Mr.  Rodway,  in  "  Timehri "  (see  above),  3rd  Series, 
vol.  i  (1911),  p.  131,  says:  "  CaUidryas  eubide  ...  is 
noted  for  its  extensive  flights ;  for  hours  they  have  been 
seen  passing  over  the  Demerara  River  going  east,  probably 
billions  in  number,  and  all  males.  Whence  they  come  and 
whither  they  go  is  a  mystery.  Their  food-plants  [Cassia] 
aie  common  everywhere,  and  there  does  not  appear  to  be 
any  scarcity  of  females,"  He  refers  again  to  this  migration 
in  "In  the  Guiana  Forest,"  2nd  edition,  1911,  p.  122, 
bat  with  no  further  particulars. 

11.  Mr.   Feteikin,   of  the   Department  of  Agriculture, 
TEANS.  ENT.  SCO.  LOND.  1917.— PABT  I.      (NOV.)  M 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


162  Mr.  C.  B.  Williama'  Notes  on 

telta  me  that  about  1906  he  saw  a  migmtioa  of  some 
thousands  of  yellow  butterflies  crossing  the  Demetaia 
River  from  PlaDtatioQ  Diamond  to  Plantation  Wales, 
that  18,  from  the  east  to  the  west  bank  about  six  miles  from 
the  mouth  of  the  river.  They  were  fiying  with  a  strong 
wind  behind  them. 

12.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Salmon  tells  me  that  at  ^lamar  (about 
sixty  miles  up  the  Demeraia  River)  at  the  begimiing  of 
August  1916  be  saw  a  "  procession  "  of  yellow  butterflies 
between  his  house  and  the  river.  They  were  flying  in 
groups  of  ten  to  twenty,  with  a  short  interval  between 
each  group.  The  flight  was  first  noticed  at  mid-day  and 
lasted  for  several  hours  after  this.  It  might  have  already 
been  proceeding  for  some  time.  They  were  flying  approxi- 
mately from  N.N.W.  to  S.S.E. 

13.  Messrs.  Bancroft  and  Ward  described  to  me  a  migra- 
tion that  they  bad  seen  a  few  days  before,  about  the  20th 
September,  1916,  at  Murirato,  about  ten  miles  above 
Wismar  on  the  Demerara  River.  The  butterflies  were  all 
flying  from  the  left  to  the  right  bank  of  the  river,  that  is, 
from  west  to  east. 

14.  Richard  Schombu^k,  in  "  Reisen  in  Britisch  Guiana," 
Zweite  Theil,  Leipzig,  1848,  p.  157,  describes  a  migration 
of  yellow  butterflies  which  flew  from  S.E.  to  N.W.  in  the 
interior  of  British  Guiana  neat  Firaia  about  the  13th 
September,  1842.  The  flight  lasted  the  whole  day,  and  at 
mid-day  and  just  before  sunset  the  butterflies  settled  in 
countless  numbers  on  the  patches  of  sand  at  the  edge  of 
the  river.  According  to  the  natives  they  were  the  butter- 
flies which  came  from  certun  caterpillius  and  chrysalides 
which  they  readily  ate. 

15.  Both  Moote  {I.e.)  and  Rodway  ("In  the  Guiana 
Forest,"  2nd  edition,  p.  122)  refer  to  a  record  of  a  migration 
by  Robert  (not  Richard)  Schombui^k,  of  which,  however, 
I  have  been  unable  to  trace  the  original.  Moore  says  it  was 
observed  by  Sir  Robert  Schomburgk  "  on  the  18th  of 
October,  1838,  when  going  up  the  Esaequebo,  and  it  con- 
tinued crossing  the  coutse  of  the  river  for  nine  houis  and 
a  half,  during  which  time  his  boat  ascended  nice  miles. 
A  thousand  million  b  not  too  high  an  estimate  for  the 
number  of  individuals  in  the  swarm." 

16.  This  last  record  relates  not  to  CaUidryas  eubide,  but 
to  another  Pierid,  Appias  tnargarita,  a  small  white  species. 
Mr.  A.  Leechman,  m  the  "  British  Guiana  Handbook," 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


Buttafiy  Migrations  in  Briiish  €fu%ana.  163 

1913,  p.  137,  writes  that  he  has  "  once  witnessed  a  flight 
of  white  butterflies  (Apjnas  margartia)  on  the  lower  left 
bank  of  the  Berbice  River  which  lasted  for  over  three  days, 
and  could  only  be  compared  during  the  whole  of  that  time 
to  a  heavy  sDowatorm.  And  the  extraordinary  thing  waa 
that  they  were  all  flying  directly  out  to  sea.  Mr.  Leechman 
has  informed  me  that  this  occurred  in  April  1909. 

It  is  difficult  even  from  the  above  records  to  get  any 
indication  of  what  is  happening.  On  the  real  problem, 
why  the  migration  takes  place,  there  is  still  no  light,  and 
many  more  correlated  observations  must  be  made  before 
there  can  he  any  hope  of  solving  it.*  There  are,  however, 
a  few  points  to  which  attention  might  be  directed.  In  the 
first  place,  there  are  here  two  general  directions  of  migra- 
tion for  CaUidryas  eubtde,  roughly  from  the  north-west  to 
the  soath-east,  and  vice  versa.  There  is  as  yet  no  record 
of  a  migration  in  a  north-east  or  south-westerly  direction. 
The  prevailing  wind  is  the  north-east  trade  wind,  so  that 
the  migrations  were  across  the  wind.  It  is  impossible  to 
say  if  this  is  the  real  determining  factor  in  the  direction  of 
the  migration  or  not. 

Secondly,  all  the  migrations  of  CaUidryas  in  which  the 
date  is  recorded  took  place  between  May  and  October. 

Thirdly,  it  seems  possible  to  distinguish  between  several 
different  types  of  migration.  At  least  one  can  make  a 
rough  bat  convenient  grouping  into  three  classes.  (1)  The 
thick  cloud,  "  like  a  snowstorm,"  a  case  which  immediately 
attracts  the  attention  of  the  ordinary  individual  and  is 
most  frequently  recorded.  (2)  The  diffuse  migration, 
which  may  vary  from  distinctly  noticeable  to  so  attenuated 
that  only  a  close  observer  would  realise  that  anything 
nnnaual  was  happening.  There  is,  of  course,  no  strict 
line  of  demarcation  between  this  and  the  last,  and  the 
edge  of  a  "  cloud  "  migration  would  probably  be  difiuse. 
A  diffuse  migration,  however,  can  exist  unaccompanied 
by  a  cloud.  (3)  A  particularly  interesting  form  is  the 
"  ribbon  "  migration,  or  "  procession,"  in  which  a  narrow 
band  of  butterflies  a  few  feet  or  a  few  yards  wide  flies 
across  the  country  in  the  direction  of  its  length.  The  edge 
of  such  a  migration  is  well  defined.  In  this  connection 
it  might  be  mentioned  that,  even  when  not  on  migration, 

*  firitash  Qoiaiia  would  aeem  to  be  a  promuing  field  for  each 
inyeatigations,  bat  they  miut  be  extended  over  s.  series  of  yaan, 
with  a  number  of  competent  observeni  atatioaed  over  the  ooo&trjr. 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


164     Mi.  C.  B.  Williams'  NoUt  on  Butterfly  Miffraiiont. 

CaUidryas  eubvle  has  a  habit  of  S.yiag  round  and  round  ft 
field  in  short  stringB  o{  about  half  a  dozen  almost  head  to 
tail,  and  closely  following  each  other's  movements.  This 
habit  may  throw  some  light  on  the  formation  of  the  ribbon, 
but  does  not  explain  the  movements  of  the  leader. 

f^ally,  we  have  the  extremely  inteieating  question  of 
the  sexes  Fepresented  in  the  migration.  Rodway  records 
that  all  that  he  saw  were  males,  but  I  understand  that  this 
was  from  observing  their  colour  whilst  in  flight.  The  male 
and  female  of  CaUidryas  eubule  differ  distinctly  in  colour 
and  markings,  and  perhaps  any  one  very  famiUar  witA 
this  species  could  tell  them  apart  in  this  way.  I  found  it 
impossible  to  do  so,  and  could  only  tell  the  sex  after  capture. 
My  specimens  were,  as  mentioned  before,  seven  males  and 
three  females.  It  does  seem,  then,  to  be  a  general  rule 
that  the  males  predominate,  and  this  is  confirmed  by  obser- 
vations in  other  parts  of  the  world.  This  branch  of  the 
subject  seems  to  me  to  be  of  fundamental  importance,  for 
if  the  migrations  consist  so  largely  of  males,  miat  becomes 
of  the  corresponding  females  ?  Mr.  Bodway  has  bred  this 
species  and  bids  the  two  sexes  to  be  more  or  less  in  equal 
numbers,  and  this  is  the  general  rule  for  other  insects 
except  in  rare  cases,  such  as  parthenogenetic  reproduction, 
whicn  seems  scarcely  feasible  here.  There  remains  the 
possibility  of  the  males  developing  more  rapidly  and 
emereing  from  the  chiysaUdes  earlier  than  the  females, 
but  there  is  no  direct  evidence  for  this,  and  against  it  is 
the  fact  that,  except  perhaps  at  the  b^inning  of  the  first 
wet  season,  the  successive  broods  of  insects  in  the  tropica 
are  ill-defined  and  usually  overlap  consideraUy.  It  may 
be  contended  that  the  females  are  lees  fitt«l  for  long 
flights,  being  heavily  laden  with  e^.  Even  if  this  is  so. 
we  are  left  with  the  question,  "  Why,  then,  do  the  males 
migrate?  " 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond..  1917,  Pari  I. 


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(     165    ) 


VII.  The  condition  of  the  scales  in  the  leaden  males  of 
Agriades  thetis,  Rott,,  and  in  other  Lycaenids.  By 
E.  A.  CoGKAYTre,  D.M.,  F.R.C.P.,  Temporary 
Surgeon,  R.N. 

[BMtd  Uftroh  7tb,  1917.] 

Plate  XI. 

The  peculiar  colour  of  the  leaden  males  of  Agriades  ihetis, 
many  of  which  were  taken  near  Folkestone  in  1916  and 
occasional  specimens  iu  previous  years,  led  me  to  think 
that  a  microscopical  examination  of  theit  scales  might  be 
of  considerable  mterest. 

In  the  nonual  male  thetts  the  wing  is  covered  with  lines 
of  smoky  scales,  sbott  and  broad,  which  have  strong 
longitudinal  ribs  and  well-marked  cross  striations.  Alter- 
nating with  the  rows  of  dark  scales  are  rows  of  longer 
scales,  which  I  call  for  convenience  the  "colour  scales." 
These  aro  also  longitudinally  ribbed,  but  have  weaker 
cross  striation,  and  are  yellow  by  transmitted  light  and 
brilliant  blue  by  reflected  light.  The  blue  colour  has 
generally  been  regarded  as  an  interference  colour  due  to 
the  cross  striae  and  not  a  pigmentary  colour,  but  H.  M.  Sims 
(Canadian  Entomologist,  1915,  p.  161)  considers  that  it 
is  dependent  on  a  fluorescent  dye.  In  either  case  the 
dark  scales  serve  to  absorb  any  light  which  passes  through 
(he  blue  scales,  and  to  prevent  the  coloured  scales  on 
the  underside  of  the  wing  from  being  visible  on  the 
upperaide. 

In  addition  to  these  two  kinds  of  scales  small  colourless 
androconial  scales  are  present  in  abundance.  In  the  leaden 
males  of  ihetis,  the  smoky  scales  and  androconia  are  of 
normal  shape,  size  and  colour,  but  all  the  colour  scales 
are  very  thin,  and  have  their  distal  part  rolled  up  to  form 
a  tube.  By  reflected  light  the  curled-up  edges  and  tubular 
ends  of  these  scales  look  silvery,  and  under  a  low  power 
of  the  microscope  appear  as  ghostly  triangles  overlying 
the  dark  scales,  which  are  much  exposed  to  direct  view 
and  give  the  leaden  colour  to  the  wings. 

TEAKS.  ENT.  SOC.  LOND.  1917. — PABT  I.      (NOV.) 


ih,  Google 


166    Dr.  E.  A.  Cockayne  on  the  eoitdiHon  of  the  scala 

Exatniiied  under  a  high  power  (^  inch  oil  immenion) 
it  is  seen  that  they  are  quite  colourless  by  transmitted 
light.  The  longitudinal  nbs  are  present,  though  often 
crinkled,  but  no  cross  striae  are  present  with  the  excep- 
tion of  a  few  imperfect  ones  at  tne  extreme  base  of  the 
scales. 

A  few  scales  were  found  in  which  the  lateral  margins 
were  turned  up,  and  in  which  very  pale  yellow  dye  was 
present,  but  no  cross  striation.  Unfortunately  they  were 
mounted  in  balsam,  and  I  could  not  see  whether  they 
were  blue  by  reflected  light.  K  a  scale  of  this  natiue 
could  be  isolated  and  examined  umuoimted  it  would  settle 
the  controversy  as  to  the  cause  of  the  blue  colour  in  the 
blue  Lycaenida. 

Near  the  base  of  all  four  wings  in  both  the  specimens 
examined,  and  along  the  costal  maigin  of  the  right  fore- 
wing  in  one  of  them,  normal  thick  blue  BceAes  were  found 
with  the  abnormal  ones. 

Some  of  the  scales  on  the  fringes  were  tlumier  and  more 
hair-like  than  is  usual,  but  the  scales  on  the  undersides  of 
the  wings  were  all  quite  normal.  The  peculiarity  can 
scarcely  be  due  to  any  pathological  condition  acting  upon 
the  scales  from  without.  If  this  were  so  the  neighbouring 
dark  scales  and  androconia  would  not  escape,  nor  would 
the  scales  of  the  underside  be  perfect. 

No  injury,  nor  any  infection  by  a  pathogenic  organism, 
would  be  hkely  to  affect  the  upper  surfaces  of  aJl  four 
wings  in  the  uniform  and  complete  way  in  which  it  is 
almost  always  affected  in  these  leaden  thais.  It  is  much 
more  likely  to  be  dependent  on  some  inborn  error  of 
development. 

The  following  observations  of  Mr.  G.  T.  Bethune-Baker 
lend  strong  support  to  this  view.  According  to  this 
author  the  blue  scales  in  Pdyommatia  dduB  var.  vUbUa 
are  very  similar  to  the  abnormal  scales  of  the  abemtiou 
of  thelis.  I  quote  the  description  of  these  in  his  Frea- 
dential  Address  (Proo.  Ent,  Soc.  1913,  p.  clviii) :  "  An 
extraordinary  character,  however,  obtains  in  the  ordinary 
blue  wing  scales,  the  whole  of  which  are  curled  round 
so  as  to  form  more  or  less  short  tubes ;  the  process  ap- 
pears to  be  that  each  side  of  the  scales  turns  over,  and 
occasionally  they  meet  thus  in  the  centre,  bat  ■  mote 
generally  one  side  will  overlap  the  other  and  so  form  a 
more  or  less  perfect  tube ;  by  this  I  mean  that  the  basal 

u,y,i,A  J  h,  Google 


m  the  katkn  maUs  0/  Agriades  tJutit.  167 

and  ft|HC&l  ends  nmain  open — a  tube  that  is  sealed  at 
each  end  naturally  ceases  to  be  a  tube,  becoming  a 
cylinder." 

ThiB  description  agrees  very  closely  witt  the  condition 
met  with  in  the  "  colour  scales  "  of  the  leaden  thetis,  but 
in  dolus  the  tubular  scales  are  blue  and  preBOmably  retain 
th^  cross  striation  or  the  fluorescent  dye.  Similar  rolled- 
np  scales  have  been  described  by  Mr.  Betbune-Baker  in 
the  "  Menalcas  "  group,  in  which  the  wing  colour  is  much 
wbit«r  than  in  most  I.ycaenids. 

I  wrote  to  Mr.  Bethune- Baker,  who  has  examined  micio- 
soopically  several  leaden  aberrations  in  his  collection,  and 
liaB  very  kindly  allowed  me  to  publish  hia  notes  on  the 
condition  of  the  scales  in  them.  He  has  examined  one 
Lycaetui  arion,  one  Polyommatus  icams,  two  Lycaenopsis 
{Cdatlrina)  puspa,  two  Lycaenopsis  platitn,  and  a  single 
specimen  each  of  three  species  of  Tajuria,  an  exotic  genus. 
In  the  anon,  which  is  a  dull  bluish  colour,  the  scales 
ate  on]y  curled  up  in  a  small  percentage,  in  the  majority 
bring  merely  tfain  and  inclmed  to  buckle  at  the  edges. 
Id  the  icorus,  which  is  greyer  though  not  extremely  leaden 
coloured,  the  scales  are  thinner  and  more  curled  than  in 
the  arion. 

In  all  three  species  of  Tajuria,  which  are  much  mote 
leaden  coloured,  the  acalee  are  rolled  upwards  and  inwards 
at  the  sides,  the  roUing  being  deeper  at  the  apices,  so  that 
in  many  tbey  have  a  triangular  shape.  The  rolled-up 
Kales  are  abnormally  thin.  This  thinuess  is  readily  demon- 
etiated  in  one  Tajuria,  which  has  one  or  two  spots  of 
blue  on  the  wings,  where  the  scales  are  flat,  normal  in 
colour  and  of  much  greater  density. 

The  two  spedmenB  of  Lycaenopsis  pmpa  from  Formosa 
ahow  much  the  same  condition  as  the  Tajuria.  The  two 
L.  ptanta  from  Borneo  are  quite  unusually  leaden  coloured. 
Under  an  inch  objective  the  "  colour  scales  "  are  almost 
invidble,  but  imder  a  12  mm.  objective  are  seen  to  be 
excessively  thin  and  rolled  up  absolutely  tight,  so  tight 
as  to  look  like  a  number  of  short  thick  pale  hairs  scat- 
tered over  the  surface  of  the  wings.  The  fringes  are  also 
abnormal,  the  usual  long,  elegant,  somewhat  fan-shaped 
scales  being  replaced  by  scales  like  long  thin  haiis  with 
the  apex  slightly  split  up. 

Breeding  e:^riments  with  leaden  thetis  would  be  very 
interesting.     These    leaden    aberrations,    so    widespread 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


1&8    Dr.  E.  A.  Cockayne  on  the  scales  of  Agriades  thetit. 

tkiough  the  blue  Lycaemde,  may  well  be  Mendelian 
recessives  to  the  nonual  blue  males.  The  "  dolus  "  and 
"  merudcas  "  group  may  be  examples  of  Mendelian  reces- 
sives  superseding  the  normal  dominants  through  whole 
Bpeciea,  as  the  recessive  form  of  Callimorpha  dominula  with 
yellow  bind-wings  has  entirely  replaced  the  dominant  with 
red  hind-winga  in  certain  parts  of  Italy.  This  suggestion 
is  one  put  forward  in  order  that  some  one  may  take  the 
necessary  steps  to  prove  or  disprove  it. 

A  further  point  of  interest  in  connection  with  the  leadoi 
thetis  is  that  Mr.  L.  \V,  Newman  thinks  that  they  are 
unusually  fragile.  It  is  quite  possible  that  the  whole 
wing  membrane  is  thinner  than  that  of  normal  males, 
and,  if  so,  it  may  be  correlated  with  the  thiimess  of  the 
"  colour  scales."  I  have  not  been  able  to  satisfy  myself 
on  the  point,  as  I  did  not  wish  to  destroy  a  specimen  for 
this  purpose. 

Explanation  of  Plate  XI. 


1.  "  Colour  "  Bcalea  of  le&den  taale  AgriadM  Aetie. 

2.  Blue  "  colour  "  Boale  of  normal  mole  Agriadet  lAefw. 

3.  Smokj  (light  absorbing)  scale  of  leadeD  male  Agriadtt  lAefio. 

4.  Andcocoiual  ecale  of  leaden  male  Agriades  IhtUt. 

The  fine  regular  striae  of  the  blue  scale  are  onlj  rougblf  indicated. 
The  drawings  ai«  magnified  equally. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc  ■ 


Trans.  F.tit.  Sac.  Lend.,  1917,  PlaU  XI 


E.  A.  Cockayne,  del. 

SCALES  OF  AGRIADES  THETIS. 


ll,y,l,7rJM,G00glc 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


VIII.   On   new  and  liUle-knmcn  Lsgriidae  frmn  Tropical 
America.    By  Georob  Chablbs  Champion,  F.Z.S. 

[Bead  Hucli  Tth,  1917.] 

Plates  XII,  XIII. 

The  present  paper  gives  an  account  of  the  unnamed  species 
of  Slalira  from  S-  America,  the  Antilles,  etc.,  in  the  British 
Museum,  supplemented  by  those  in  the  Hope  Museum 
at  Oxford,  and  a  few  Brazilian  and  Trinidad  forms  kindly 
supplied  by  Mr.  G.  E.  Bryant.  The  study  of  these  S. 
American  insects  had  to  be  undertaken  under  exceptionally 
difiBcult  circumstances,  as  not  a  single  definitely-named 
representative  of  any  of  the  numerous  species  described 
by  Maklin  was  to  be  found  in  the  collections  in  this  country. 
It  is  therefore  not  improbable  that  some  of  them  have 
been  incorrectly  identified  by  me  from  the  descriptions 
alone,  in  which  the  sexual  distinctions  are  not  given,  or, 
if  seen,  not  recognised  as  such.  The  materia]  examined 
is  mainly  that  obtained  by  J.  Gray,  H.  Clark,  and  A.  Fry 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  and  by  H.  W. 
Bates  on  the  Amazons,  the  specimens  from  other  S. 
American  localities  being  few  in  number.  Dr.  R.  F, 
Stthlberg  was  in  Brazil  in  1850  and  earlier,  and  a  few  of 
his  captures  (most  of  which  have  been  identified  in  the 
Fry  collection)  were  described  by  Maklin  in  1875.  H.  W. 
Bates  appears  to  have  paid  a  good  deal  of  attention  to  the 
genus  Statira  and  ita  allies  ^  while  he  was  resident  on  the 
Amazons,  doubtless  on  account  of  the  great  resemblance 
of  many  of  them  to  genera  of  Carabidae,  e.g.  Agra,  Casnonia, 
Drmniua,  etc. 

Statira,  Lep.  et  Serv. 

Eighty-three  members  of  this  genus  were  recorded 
from  Central  America  in  the  "Biologia"  in  1689-1893, 
one  only  of  which  was  known  to  me  at  that  time  to  occur 
south  of  Panama.    The  collections  from  South  America, 

>  Tb«ae  Utter  are  dMcribed  in  the  "Entoniologitt'B  Monthly 
Uasftzine,"  Vol.  LIU,  pp.  132-154,  lSS-196,  218-223,  pi.  2,  Jont- 
October,  1917. 

TEANS.  BHT.  SOC.  LOND.  1917. — ^PART  I.     (NOV.) 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


170  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

etc.,  aow  under  ezaminatlon,  include  repreBentatives  of  at 
least  130  more,  showing  that  hundiads  of  Bpedes  must 
exist  on  the  southern  continent.  The  following  additions 
to  the  distribution,  etc.,  of  six  of  the  Central  American 
forms  require  notice  :  S.  detUiculata,  Colombia  {Mus.  Brit.), 
an  insect  with  denticulate  anterior  femora,  one  of  two 
placed  under  Sect.  Aa  in  the  table  given  in  the  "  Biologia," 
the  other,  S.  glabrata,  having  been  found  by  BioUey  as  far 
south  as  Costa  Rica;  S.  costarioensia,  Colombia;  5.  ingens, 
Costa  Rica  {BioUey) ;  S.  aibolineata,  Belize,  British  Honduras 
{Mvs.  Brit.);  S.  nigripennis,  Makl.  [not  Champ.],  var.  y 
(Biol.  Centr.  Am.,  iv.  2,  pi.  2,  fig.  18),  from  Mexico,  has 
been  named  ckampioni  by  Pic  (Melanges  ezot.-bntom.  iv, 
p.  20,  Sept.  1912).  Amongst  the  South  American  Staiirae, 
some  {S.  catenata,  etc.)  have  very  remarkable  characters 
in  the  legs,  antennae,  or  aedeagus,'  or  in  the  clothing  of 
the  under  surface,  in  the  males.  Other  structural  peculiar- 
ities to  be  noted  are  :  the  presence  of  a  long  curved  spine 
on  the  narrow  basal  portion  of  the  anterior  femora  •  in 
both  sexes  of  certain  species  {S.  atUuTolis,  etc.) ;  two  rugose 
stigmata  on  the  disc  of  the  protborax  {S.  dtsligma,  ,J); 
a  basal  constriction  of  the  anterior  tibiae  (S.  degans,  de- 
gantuJa,  casnonioides) ;  a  deep,  sharply-defined,  triangular 
or  oblong  sulcus  on  the  prothorax  in  front  {S.  vagegiUtata, 
etc.),  etc.  The  apical  joint  of  the  antenna,  too,  is  often 
greatly  elongated  in  the  male,  as  in  Lagria.  The  species 
here  enumerated  may  be  grouped  thus : — 

A.  Anterior  femon  armed  with  t,  long  curved 

Bpine  at  base        Noo.  1-6. 

B.  Anterior  femora  unarmed  at  base. 

1.  Species  large,  shining,  oastaneous,  with 
darkor,  submetallic,  oatenulato-tuberou- 
late  elytra,  and  sharply  dentate  anterior 
tibiae No.  6. 


*  Dr.  Sharp  has  beem  kind  enough  to  examine  this  organ  in  two 
apeoiee  (S.  vtridipennis  and  S.  geniculata),  and  he  telu  me  that 
when  two  projeoting  pieces  are  visible,  one  will  be  the  conjoined 
lateral  lobM  (t«chiiioiilly  "tegmen"),  the  other  the  median  lobe, 
this  being  really  tlie  inner  one. 

*  A   character  evidently   noticed    by   Hope  or  Weetwood,    the 
speoimra  of  iS.  cotUineenms  in  the  Osford  Huseum  having  an  ante 
leg  detached  and  mounted  separately  to  ehow  this  stnictuie. 
was  overlooked  by  Haklin  in  8.  tutwatie. 


ll,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


Hew  and  liliU-known  I/ignidae.  171 

2.  Speoies  large,  elongate,  mostly  i«eembling 

the  Corabid-goius  Agra,  the  elytra 
□snally  metallic,*  nigro-teaaellftte  in  8. 
meUagria,  and  with  two  or  more  of  the 
altoniftte  intoTstieeB  catanulato-tubenm- 
Ut«  thiou^oat  their  Jengtb  or  at  leaat 
teworde  apes,  the  posterior  femora 
bidcntato  at  base  in  8.  gemmifer;  3  eome- 
times  irith  BtrDD^y  pronounced  secondary 
sexual  ebaracters  in  the  legs  or  sedeagus,* 
or  in  the  clothing  of  the  antconoe  or 
ventral  surface. 

a.  Elytra  mucronate  at  tip Nob.  T-16. 

b.  Elytra  not  mucronate  at  tip  Nos.  16-34. 

3.  S^tcdes  large,  very  elongate,  with  a  long, 

conical,  red  prothoiaz  and  metallic  elytra, 
the  latter  acuminate  at  apex  and  with 
almost  smooth  interstices No.  3tS. 

4.  Species    moderately   large,   narrow,    black, 

with  narrow  head,  elongate-cylindrical 
prothcrax  aitd  cyaneons  elytra,  the  inter- 
stices of  latter  almost  smooth  .  .  ■  No.  36. 
fi.  SpeoieBmoderatetyloi^,  block, with  brilliant 
green,  non-tuberculate,  mucronate  elytra, 
and  exti«mely  slender  antamoe  (as  in 
Othryadet) No.  37. 

6.  Species  moderately  large  or  small,  reeemblii^ 

some  of  those  placed  under  B  2a,  with  the 
elytra  unarmed  at  tbe  tip,  blue  or  green,  and 
bearing  small,  scattered,  rounded  tubercles    Nos.  3S-40. 

7.  Species  resembling  some  of  those  placed 

under  B  2b,  with  uneven,  very  feebly 
striato-punctate,  brilliantly  metollicelytia, 
which  are  catenulato-tuberculate  towards 
aides  or  apes Nos.  41-43. 

8.  Species  moderat^y  large  or  small,  the  elytra 

usually  metallic  or  with  metallic  lustre, 
with  simple  scattered  setigerous  impres- 
sions to  tip  (interruptedly  catenulate 
laterally  in  3.  impreastpennU). 

*  8.  agraeformit.  Champ.,  from  Panama,  belongs  te  this  section. 

•  Penis-sheath  {=  conjoined  lateral  lob»  of  tegmen,  sec.  Sharp) 
twisted  and  asymmetric  in  males  of  S.  eattnala,  vmdipemua,  geni- 
Cfiata,  atgmmeiTka  and  Uaivpta. 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


172  Mi.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

a.  Prothorax  not  or  obeoletely  cantlionlate 

oadiM NoB.«^40. 

6.  Prothorax  distinctly  canaliculate  on  due    .     Noe.  61-6C- 
9.  Species  elongat«,  with  opaque  black  head 
and  prothorax  and  purplish  or  dull  black 
elytra,   the  latter  bearing  small  rounded 
tuberclee,  the  legs  long Nos.  60,  67. 

10.  Species  with  a  abort,  broad  head  and  pro- 

thorax,   metallic   elytra,   and  stout  an- 

tonnaa  •  No.  68. 

11.  Spcoies  cBstoneouH  in  oolour,  with  broadly 

viridi-vittateolytraandatoutantramae      .     Noa.  69,  70. 

12.  Spnoies  teBtaceouB  or  brown,  with  the  elytia 

(except  in  vara.)  infuscate  or  metallic  along 
the  sides,  and  the  antennae  slender, 
o.  Head  and  prothorax  shining     ....     Noe.  71,  72. 

b.  Head  and  prothorax  opaque,  scabrous      .     No.  73. 

13.  Species  testaceous,  reddish,  or  brown,  with 

the  legs  partly  infuscate. 

a.  Prothorax  densely,  more  ooaisely  punctate    No.  74. 

b.  Prothorax    finely     aoabroso -punctate    or 

almost  smooth Nos.  76,  76. 

14.  Species   teetaoeous   or  reddish- brown,    the 

legs  included. 
a.  Prothorax  feebly  shining;    eyes  subap- 

proximate        No.  77. 

6.  Prothorax    opaque,    alutaoeous ;    eye* 

distant No.  78. 

Ifi.  Speoiee    testaceous,    with    blackish,    flavo- 

vittate  elytia,  the  upper  surface  dull  .     .     No.  79. 

16.  Species  oastaneous  or  pioeous,  shining. 

a,  Eljara  with  each  alternate  interstice  more 

or  lees  tubetculate  throughout  ....    No.  80. 

b.  Elytra  with  scattered  setigerous  impios- 

siona,  sometimes  nigro-lineate  ....     Nos.  81-86. 

17.  Species  with  red  head  and  prothorax  and 

blue  or  green  elytra. 
a.  Anterior  tibiae  compressed  at  liase;  alMJo- 

men  black No.  87. 

6.  Anterior  tibiae  simple  i  prothorax  (5)  with 

two  scabrous  patches  on  disc       .      .      .     No.  88. 

*  The    Mexican   S.   eroMieomis,   Champ,   and   the  ColombiaD 
S.  validieomit,  Makl.  belong  to  this  section. 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


N^ea  and  litUe-hwum  Lagri^e.  173 

IS.  Speoiea  Hmall,  slender,  with  opaque  bkok 
head  and  prothoiax,  blue  elytrs,  uid 
yellow  tarsi No.  89. 

19.  Speoiei  Blender,  with  large  bead  and  narrow 

prathoraz,  piceous  or  in  part  testaceous, 
resembling  the  Carabid-genera  Dromiiu 
and  Casnaniai  elytra  witli  setigerous  im- 
preaaions,  preceded  b;  a  more  or  leu 
distinct  tuberole;  anterior  tibiae  oam- 
prCKed  at  bass  in  iS.  eatnonioidta  Npa.  9(MI3. 

20.  Species   testaceous  or  teddish,   the  elytra 

(except  in  vars.)  with  metallic  or  black 
markings  or  tasoiae,  these  latter  sometimes 
greatly  extokded  ox  conflnent,  the  alternate 
interstioee,  at  most,  with  setigerous  im- 
pressions, the  protborax  not  incised  on 
Oie  disc  in  front,  sometimes  bivittate. 

0.  Elytra  with  nnmeroua  small  tuba;clea       .     No.  M. 

b.  Elytra  not  tuberculate         Nos.  9C-106. 

21.  SpeciestestaceouB,  withnigro-teesellat«elytra    No.  107. 

22.  Species  teataceooB,  with  a  deep  incision  on 

the  disc  of  the  prothorax  in  front,  the 
elytra  (except  in  vors.)  with  coalescent 
Uook  markings  or  wholly  black  .  .  .  Nos.  108-110. 
2J.  Species  rufo-t«taceons,  shining,  with  nigro- 
birittate  prothorax  and  nigro-fssciate, 
closely  setose,  elytra,  each  of  the  inter- 
stices of  latter  seriato -punctate  .  .  .  No.  111. 
^  Species  testaceous,  hairy,  with  coarsely 
punctate  prothorax  and  nigro-maculate 
elytra,  each  of  the  interstices  of  latter 

Beriat«-punet«te Nos.  112,  113, 

^  SpedeB  slender,  tesUuteous,  with  bead  and 
prothorax  opaque  and  elytraJ  suture,  at 
least,  inf  UBoate. 
a.  Elytra  tuberoulat«;  head  small      .     .     .     No.  114. 
6-  Elytra  not  tuberculate ;  head  la^e      .     .     No.  Ufi. 
S8.  Species  with  prothorax  distinctly  margined 
laterally.' 
o-  Body  obscure  testaceous,  the  elytra  fusco- 

iHciate  l^icaiagoa]        No.  116. 

0,  Body  nigro-piceona  or  black,  the  prothorax 

,.^»ed,  the  elytra  blue No.  117. 

varioos  Central-  and  N.-American  forms  belong  to  this  section. 


ih,  Google 


Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 


174 

27.  Species  anull,  Antiuoiform,  with  short  be«d, 
small  e3rea,  Btout  ant«iuise,  and  faintly 
striato-punotaM  elytra,  the  elytra  with 
irregularly  distributed,  aetigerouB  impree- 
sions. 
a.  Body  shining  black,  the  prothora 
patch  on  elytra  often  reddish 


b.  Body  blaotc,  the 

dytra  blue  . 
e.  Body  and  terminal  joint  of  antennae  t«8- 

taoeouB,  bead  and  apex  of  elytra  black 

28.  Species    resembling    Uiose    placed    vinder 

sect.  27,  but  with  longer,  deeply  punctate- 
striate  elytn,  teetaeeous,  with  apical  half 
of  elytra  violaceous 

29.  Species  with  head  considerably  developed 

behind  the  eyes,  the  latt«r  small,  the  prO' 
thorax  subeylindrical  or  cordate. 
a.  Head  and  protboiax  closely,  coarsely  puno- 
tate;  antennae  stouter;  body  reddish- 
brown,  pioeous,  or  black,  head  and  pro- 
thorax  aometimee  testaceous. 
"fElytra  more  elongate,   with 
setigerous  impressions  on  alternate  inter- 

ttElytra  shorter,  with  very  few  setigerous 
impressions;  protboiax  subcyliiulrical 
or  cordate ;  species  small,  Anthidform 
6.  Head  and  protliOTSx  much  smoother, 
obsoletely  punctolate;  antranae  wry 
slender;  body obaoore t«ataceous, dytra 
black 

30.  Species  small,  narrow,  aeneo-pieeous,  with 

very  coarsely,  rugosely  punctured  head  and 
prothorax,  small,  depressed  eyes,  and  each 
elytral  interstice  seriato-punctat«[Uexjca] 

31.  Speciea    elongate,    Strongyliiform,    hairy, 

acneo-piceous,  with  very  coaieely  punctate 
head  and  prothorai  and  ooarsdy  punctato- 
striate  elytra,  the  pro  thorax  subquadrate 

32.  ^wcies   narrow,    elongate,   shining,    hairy, 

resembling  ColparAruM,  with  very  laige 
eyes    in    (J,  a  long,  smooth  prothor&x. 


h,Googlc 


New  and  liule-huntm  Lagritdae.  175 

metoJlio,  ooareely  punotato-striate  elytn, 
with  inoonapicuous  setigerouB  itnpreesions, 

aad  olavate  femora         No.  130. 

33.  Species  narrow,  elongate,  leeembling  Hoe- 
fHonia,  with  extremalj  largo  eyea,  very 
long,  snbeemte  antennae,  an  almost 
smooth  prothorax,  andnigro-lineate  elytra     No.  131. 

Section  A. 
1.  Statlra  eoitailMiuls.    (Plate  XII,  fig.  1,  anterior  leg,  S) 
Suuyra  htMrio,  Dej.  Cat.,  3rd.  edit.,  p.  236  (1837). 
Statira  costaricensia.   Champ.,   Biol.   Centr.-Am.,  Coleopt. 
iv.  2,  p.  36  (1889). 

^.  .Anterior  femora  greatly  thickened,  abruptly  narrowed  and 
angnlate  near  the  base,  the  narrow  basal  portion  armed  with  a  long 
curved  spine;  anterior  tibiae  hollowed  beneath,  and  twisted,  befon 
tiie  apex;  ant«anal  joint  11  nearly  three  times  as  long  as  10. 

For.  f  EUytra  more  ooaiBety  pimotat«-Btriate,  the  punctures  on 
the  diso  transverse,  the  inteisticee  slightly  oonvez,  the  black  mark- 
ing much  more  extended  and  subcoalesceat,  the  strongly  angulate 
post  basal  fascia  oontinned  down  the  second  intfirstice  to  beyond 
the  middle  and  nearly  joining  the  median  transverse  mark,  the 
narrow,  oblique  subapical  fascia  reaching  the  suture  and  continued 
akmg  it  for  a  short  distance,  in  front  and  behind. 

Hab.  Costa  Eica;  Colombu  (ifus.  Oxm.;  Mus.  Brit., 
ex.  coU.  Le^erte). 

Described  by  me  in  1889  from  a  mutilated  example 
(without  anterior  legs)  from  Costa  Biea.  A  specimen  from 
Colombia  in  the  Oxford  Museum  agrees  with  this  insect, 
except  that  the  black  post-basal  mark  on  the  elytra  is 
wanting.  The  variety?,  ex  coll.  Lafert^,  from  that  of 
Dejean,  ia  labelled  SktUyra  kistrio,  mihi;  it  superficially 
resembles  iS.  vagegutUUa,  Pic,  and  S.  conspidlUda,  Makl., 
specieB  wanting  the  anterior  femoral  spine.  The  anterior 
femora  themselves  are  more  abruptly  narrowed  before  the 
base  (appearing  angulate)  than  in  the  allied  S.  suturalis, 
M&kl. 

2.  Statin  flavoslgnata,  n.  sp.    (Plate  XII,  fig.  2,  ^.) 

3-  Elongate,  depressed,  shining,  pale  reddish -brown,  the  l^s 

and  under  surface  teetooeous ;  the  elytra  each  with  an  oblong  mark 

near  tJic  suture  at  about  the  middle,  two  others  obliquely  placed 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


176  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

b«low  this,  and  two  more  before  the  apex  {these  two  coatesoent  uid 
forming  an  oblique  faaoia),  yellow,  the  base  also  indeterminatety 
flATesoent.  Head  almost  smooth,  ahallowly  foveate  in  the  middle 
betwoen  the  widely  separated  eyes;  antennae  moderately  long, 
joints  7-10  slightly  decreasing  in  length,  11  about  three  times  as 
long  as  10.  Prothonx  oblong-suboocdate,  slightly  narrower  than 
the  head,  as  long  as  broad,  almost  smooth,  the  basal  ma^in  not 
much  raised.  Elytra  long,  twice  as  brood  as  tiis  prothorax,  gradually 
widening  to  the  middle,  somewhat  acuminate  at  the  apex;  finely 
punotato^triate,  the  interstices  flat,  3,  6,  and  0  with  scattered 
■etigerous  punctures,  those  on  3  est^iding  forwards  to  near  thfi 
base,  the  others  placed  on  the  apioal  half.  Anterior  femora  much 
tiiickoned,  abruptly  narrowed  and  angulate  near  the  base,  the 
narrow  basal  portion  armed  with  a  long  curved  spine;  anterior 
tibiae  hollowed  and  slightly  twisted  at  the  apex  beneath. 

Length  8),  breadth  nearly  3  nun. 

Hab.  EcuADOB  (fiuoUey). 

One  male.  In  this  inaect  the  yellow  markings  on  the 
apical  two-thiids  of  each  elytron  are  arranged  into  two 
oblique  fasciae  and  an  isolated  submedian  spot,  the  elytra 
thetuselvea  are  much  elongated,  and  the  anterior  femora 
laid  tibiae  are  shaped  as  in  S.  costaricsnsia,  ^. 

3.  Statlra  splnlgera,  n.  sp. 

S-  ElongKte,  rather  dull,  piceo-aastaneous,  the  antennae,  the 
margins  of  the  elylnt.  the  barsi,  and  the  bases  of  the  temoia,  obscnrely 
rufeaeeat.  Head  rather  nanow,  shining,  ahnoat  smooth,  the  eyes 
•epaniied  by  more  than  half  the  width  of  one  of  them;  antamse 
comparatively  short,  moderate  stout,  joint  11  nearly  as  long  sa 
T-IO  united.  Pruthi>nix  lon^^er  than  broad,  oUong,  oonatricted  at 
the  base,  m  wide  aa  the  head.  alulaMous.  oheoletdy  punctolate, 
Iwhty  i.<au^lii.'ukte  c>a  the  di^  antenorty.  and  with  two  obliqiie 
duliuctly  punvturcd  lmpi«Esii«9  in  the  middle  before  the  base, 
the  ba&al  itun:ut  not  muoh  raised.  Elytn  long,  twice  as  broad  as 
lh»  pivihorax.  iirMludltr  vitlaicd  to  the  nuddle  azkd  somewhat 
t»vwUy  n«Rvw1^t  |«wtw^'rly:  fini?{y  punclato^triale,  the  inter- 
»!».■««  dJutci.t^'iu,  »>iiw»!iat  cvionM.  iUiut  od  the  diic  anteriotly,  3 
"•nil  »i5  *ia>^^v  i^uratvd  *Kull  «t;j»ivtts  punetaro  and  5  and  9 
»iiS\  t*v>i>t  ilitw oi:',rts  loHttnb  ih<f  ape:!.  JLattnc« femoi*  greatly 
thi^-tvunl,  ^t'rui'il^v  iuttv>»«d  ti«ar  the  bwdc  the  nanow  banl 
j>i'tt.\-n  atUHil  *;s>,  a  U-n^  t.-uiT«il  »[>in*. 

I*tv:t!i  SI,  ^^\*n!■.^  Iff  mm. 


ll,y,l,7rJM,G00glc 


New  and  litAe-hiown  Lagriidae.  177 

One  male.  This  species  has  the  elytra  shaped  as  in 
S.  flavosignata  \  but  the  head  aod  piothorax  are  narrower, 
the  antennae  are  stouter,  and  the  upper  surface  is  duller 
and  almost  unifonnly  fusco-castaneous. 

4.  Statira  MuiUioiiieTa,  □.  sp. 

Hoderatelf  elongate,  Bhining,  piceons  or  reddiah-bioNni,  the  darker 
example  with  the  antennae  in  great  part,  the  knees  and  toiai,  and 
Uke  Butuie  of  the  elytra  at  the  base,  ferruginous.  Head  rather 
broad,  almost  smooth,  ehollowly  foveate  in  the  middle  between 
tbe  widely  separated  eyes;  antennae  long,  rather  slender,  joint  II 
about  aa  long  aa  8-10  united.  Prothorai  aubcordate,  as  broad  aa 
long,  about  aa  wide  as  the  head,  moderate];  constricted  before  the 
base;  Bparaely,  obeoletelj  punctulate,  the  basal  margin  not  much 
raised,  the  diso  foveate  in  the  middle  behind  in  one  example.  Elytra 
moderately  elongate,  much  brooder  than  the  prothorax,  gradually 
widened  to  the  middle  and  rapidly  narrowed  posteriorly,  trans- 
versely depressed  below  the  base;  finely  puncta  to -striate,  the 
interstices  flat,  3  with  six  and  6  with  four  widely  separated  oon- 
RjncnouB  Hetigeroua  punctures,  9  also  with  two  or  three  punctures 
towaids  the  apex.  Ventral  segments  2  and  3  with  a  few  fine  pili- 
gerous  punoturee  between  the  usual  double  series  of  setigerous 
impreaaions  running  down  1-6.  Anterior  femora  greatly  thickened, 
abruptly  narrowed  and  angulate  near  the  base,  the  narrow  basal 
portion  armed  with  a  long  curved  spine;  anterior  tibiae  hollowed 
at  the  apex  beneath. 

Length  8A.  breadth  3  mm.     dJ.) 

Hab.  Colombia  {Mus.  Brit. :  type) ;  Ecdadob  {BticHof). 

Two  specimens,  assumed  to  be  males,  the  one  from 
Ecuador  smoother  beneath  and  somewhat  immature. 
Less  elongate  and  more  shining  than  8.  spinigera,  the  head 
and  piothorax  broader,  the  antennae  much  longer,  the 
setigerouB  punctures  on  the  disc  of  the  elytra  larger,  the 
anterior  femora  angulate  before  the  base,  as  in  iS.  costari- 
centra  and  S.  flavosignata.  The  Colombian  example  was 
acquired  by  the  Museum  in  1871.  S.  nigella  and  S.fueca, 
M^.,  from  the  same  country,  may  be  allied  forms  "> 

6.  Statlia  sutoialia.     (Plate  XII,  £g.  3,  anterior  leg,  ^.) 
Statira  mtUTolis,  Maid.,  Act.  Soc.  Fenn.  vii,  p.  157  (1862). 

{$.  Antemiae  moderately  long,  joints  3-10  subequal  in  length, 
11  about  three  times  aa  long  aa  10. 

TRAB8.  KST.  SOC.  LOND.  1917. — PABT  L      (NOV.)  N 


,i,A  J  h,  Google 


178  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

$.  Antennae  ahorter,  joints  4~10  decreasing  in  length,  11  lees 
elongate. 

Var.  Elytra  with  two  or  three  dark  lines  on  the  disc  extending 
downward  from  the  base. 

,Hab.  Brazil,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Petropolis,  Constancia, 
Tijuca. 

A  leddish-brown,  shining,  rather  convex  insect,  usually 
with  the  suture  or  two  or  three  lines  on  the  disc  infuscate, 
these  markings  sometimes  wanting;  the  anterior  femora 
greatly  thickened  from  near  the  base,  and  with  the  narrow 
basal  portion  armed  with  a  long,  curved  spine  {not  noticed 
by  M&klin] ;  the  anterior  tibiae  slightly  hollowed  before 
the  apex  beneath ;  the  elytral  interstices  3,  6,  and  9  with 
a  few  widely  separated  setigerous  punctures.  The  aedeagns 
of  the  male  is  long  and  slender,  tapering  towards  the  tip. 
S.  presuturalis,  Pic  {No.  81,  infra),  ftom  the  same  region,  is 
a  very  similar  form,  but  it  wants  the  anterior  femoral  spine. 

Section  B 
6.  Stattra  denttgers,  n.  sp.. 

Elongate,  broad,  widened  posteriorly,  Bhining ;  nifo-castaneouB. 
the  palpi  pioeous,  the  elytra  aenea-piceous,  the  latter  with  scattered, 
long,  erect,  bristly  hairs.  Head  rather  small,  not  so  broad  aa  the 
prothorax,  almost  smooth,  foveate  in  the  middle  between  the 
eyes,  the  latter  very  Urge,  somewhat  distant;  ontcmnae  long, 
slender,  joint  11  equalling  8-10  united,  Prothorax  slightly  longer 
than  broad,  rounded  at  the  sides,  strongly  oonstrictcd  before  the 
prominent  basal  margin;  sparsely,  minutely  punctate.  Elytra 
long,  broad,  widening  to  the  middle,  and  there  twioe  as  broad  aa 
the  prothorax,  arcuately  narrowed  posteriorly,  and  Bcununats  at 
the  apes;  closely,  finely  punctate -striate,  the  interstices  broad,  flat 
on  the  anterior  half  of  the  diao,  3,  6,  7,  and  9  with  a  series  of  rather 
large  setigerous  impressions  extending  throughout  their  length, 
the  impressions  (except  those  towards  the  base)  each  preceded  by  a 
rather  prominrait  tubercle,  the  tubercles  gradually  heooming  longer, 
oariniform,  and  oatenulale  towards  the  sides  and  apex,  the  first 
(sutural)  interstice  also  with  five  impressions  near  the  tip.  Legs 
[posterior  pair  wanting]  rather  stout;  anterior  femora  strongly 
olavata,  sulcata  along  their  outer  half  beneath,  and  also  finely  oiliate; 
tibiae  pilose  within,  the  anterior  pair  armed  with  a  sharp  triangular 
toolh  at  one-third  from  the  tip. 

Length  15,  breadth  6  mm.    (ij  I) 


Nea  and  littte-knoum  Lagriidae.  179 

Hab.  EcUADOB,  Paramba  {Rosenberg). 

One  specimen.  The  ciliate  anterior  femora  and  toothed 
anterior  tibiae  (not  necessarily  (^-characters)  bring  this 
species  neai  certain  Central  American  forms,  S.  gUibrata, 
Makl.  and  S.  deMieidata,  Champ.,  placed  by  me  at  the 
head  of  the  genus  in  the  arrangement  adopted  in  the 
"  Biologia."  Compared  with  S.  tiAercuUUa,  Makl.,  the 
antennae  are  longer  and  more  slender,  the  inter-ocular 
fovea  is  smaller,  the  prothorax  is  htrger  and  smoother,  and 
the  first  elytral  interetice  is  tuberculate  (instead  of  un- 
armed) at  the  apex.  The  general  shape  is  like  that  of  S. 
laiicfiUis,  Makl. 

7.  StaUra  gemmUer.  (Plate  XII,  fig.  4,  posterior  leg,  3-) 
Suaira  gemmijer,  Makl.,  Act.  See.  Fenn.  vii,  p.  147  (1862). 

Poeterior  femora  in  each  sex  with  a  truncate,  exteriorly  toothed, 
prominence  at  the  baae,  and  a  Bmall  triangular  tooth  at  about  the 
tMsal  fourth,  beneath  (fig.  4) ;  antenna!  joint  11  in  i^  about  equalling 
7—10,  in  $  8-10  united;  anterior  tarsi  slightly  widened  in  ^,  all  the 
teni  and  tibiae  a  little  more  hairy  in  <J  than  in  $;  eyee  distinctly 
more  approximate  in  i^  than  in  $. 

Hab.  Brazil  {Miis.  Brit.,  Mtis.  Oxon.),  Rio  de  Janeiro 
{Fry),  Constancia  {J.  Gray  and  H.  Clark,  Jan.  1857),  Minas 
Geraes  [Mm.  Brit.),  Ilha  Santo  Amaro  near  Santos  [G.  E. 
Biyanl ;  23.  iv.  '12). 

This  is  perhaps  the  finest  known  species  of  the  genus. 
It  has  very  elongate,  sharply  acuminate,  translucent, 
aeneous  elytra,  with  the  alternate  interstices  closely 
86 riato- tuberculate  and  catenulate  throughout;  the  pro- 
thorax  closely  punctulate ;  the  legs  very  elongate,  slender, 
the  posterior  femora  feebly  bidentate  near  the  base  beneath 
in  both  sexes;  the  tarsi  and  tibiae  hairy;  the  antennae 
rather  slender  and  infuscate.  S.  gemmijer  may  be  the 
S.  regina,  Lac,  of  Dejean's  catalogue,  and  his  S.  gemmata 
a  var.  of  S.  gaiitndata,  Makl.?.  Twelve  specimens  seen, 
iacluding  three  males.  The  penis-sheath,  so  far  as  visible 
without  dissection,  appears  to  be  symmetric. 

8.  Statin  afioldes.   (PlateXU.fig.  5,  aedeagus,  in  profile,  3*-) 

Statira  agroides,  Lep.  et  Serv.,  Encycl.  M6th.,  Ins.  X.  p.  480 
(1827);  Makl.,  Act.  Soc.  Fenn.  vii,  p.  148  (1862). 


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180  Mi.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

Slatyra  agroides,  Dej.  Cat.,  3rd  edit.  p.  236  (1837). 
Statira  armata,  Makl.,  op.  cit.  x,  p.  636.  (1875) 

(J.  Aedeogus  (fig.  6) :  basal  piece  elongate,'  produced  into  a  long 
oMt,  apiniform  prooees  infericrly,  the  stout  penis-sheatii  Btill  longer 
and  with  a  sagittifcrm  hook  projecting  from  the  tip  (as  seoi  in  profile). 

Var.  I  Castaneous,  the  elytra  black,  the  aedeagas  of  S  without 
projecting  sagittiform  piece  at  the  tip  ( }  withdrawn). 

Hab.'SiRkm,{exMua.  Dejean;  Mus.  Brit.;  Mus.  Oxon.), 
Kio  de  Janeiro,  Santa  Cathanna  (Fry),  (Ibnstancia  {J. 
Gray  and  H.  Ctark),  Petropolia,  Santa  Rita  and  Boa 
Sorta  {Dr.  Sahlberg:  types  of  S.  antMla),  Eapinto  Santo 
(DescouTtils). 

This  insect  seems  to  be  fairly  common  in  Brazil,  and  is 
eaiiily  recognisable  amongst  its  allies  by  the  mucronate 
apices  of  the  elytra,  the  catenulate,  posteriorly  tubercutat« 
alternate  interstices,  1,  3,  5,  7  and  9,  and  the  simple  an- 
tennae and  legs  in  the  two  sexes.  The  terminal  joint  of 
the  antennae  about  equals  B~10  united  in  2,  and  is  slightly 
longer  in  J.  The  colour  varies  from  ferruginous  or  rufo- 
castaneous  to  piceous;  the  two  examples  with  black 
elytra,  from  Constancia  and  Espirito  Santo,  may  belong  to 
a  different  species.  The  elytra  in  S.  agroides  are  said  to 
have  a  "  bluish-violet  reflection  which  ought  to  be  more 
distinct  in  the  living  insect,"  a  character  of  no  importance 
in  this  genus.  The  imperfectly  described  S.  interrupte- 
coatata.  Fie,*  from  French  Guiana,  seems  to  be  an  allied 
form. 

9.  Statin  longlceps,  n.  sp.  (Plate  XII,  fig.  6.) 
Very  elongate,  shining;  fusco-testaceouB,  the  bead  and  antomae 
nifcBcent,  the  latter  with  joints  1-^  and  11  darker,  the  eyce,  palpi, 
and  labnim  black  or  piceous,  the  prothorax  (except  at  the  base) 
also  slightly  infuscate ;  elytra  with  a  few  long,  bristly  hairs.  Head 
oblong,  narrow,  almost  smooth,  longitudinally  grooved  between  the 
eyes,  the  latter  large,  somewhat  depressed,  well  separated ;  antennae 
long,  rather  slender,  joint  11  as  long  as  S-10  united.  Prothorax 
wider  than  the  head,  much  longer  than  broad,  gradually  narrowed 
from  the  middle  forward,  and  constricted  before  the  base,  the 

*  A  large  chitinous  tube  from  which  the  penis^heath  is  extmded  : 
it  is  usually  withdrawn  into  the  body,  and  not  visible  without 
diaaeetton. 

*  Melanges  exot.-entom.  xi,  p.  19  (Nov.  1914). 


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Neu)  and  Utde-hnmon  Latfriidae.  181 

nised  bsAftl  in&rgin  termiDating  in  a  stout  tubercle  on  each  side; 
the  gaiUoB  with  a  few,  widely  Bcattered,  minute  puscturee.  Elytn 
long,  gmdually  widening  to  the  middle,  aomtunate  pogteriorlj,  the 
Bjncee  muoroiMte ;  cIohIj,  finely  punctato-Htriate,  the  striae 
sinuate  on  the  disc,  the  intetBticee  1 ,  3,  6  slightly  widened  and  each 
with  ft  series  of  somewhat  closely  placed,  subquadrate,  setigerous 
impreeeions  extending  throughout  their  length,  7  with  a  series  of 
similar  impressions  down  the  apical  half,  and  9  with  four  othen 
towards  the  tip,  the  int««pacee  between  them  longitudinally  raised 
en  the  disc  and  tuberculate  on  the  apical  declivity.  L^s  very  long, 
eimple. 

Lsngth  12,  breadth  3}  mm.    ($  1) 

Hab.  Brazil,  Rio  de  Janeiro  {Fry). 

One  specimen.  A  close  ally  of  S.  agroides,  L.  and  S. 
(^  armaia,  Makl.),  and  with  the  elytra  mucronate  at  the 
tip  and  very  similarly  sculptured,  differing  from  that 
insect  in  its  oblong,  narrow  h^,  with  shallow  longitudinal 
inter-ocuiar  groove,  the  less  prominent  eyes,  and  the 
laterally  tuberculate  basal  margin  of  the  prothorax.  The 
catenulate  first  (eutural)  elytra!  interstice  and  mucronate 
apez  separate  S.  longtceps  from  S.  catenata,  meleagria, 
and  others. 

10.  Statint  vemeosa,  n.  sp. 

Very  elongate,  widened  posteriorly,  moderately  shining;  nigro- 
piceons,  the  elytra  with  a  faint  brassy  lustre;  the  elytra  with  long, 
erect  bristly  hairs,  the  antennae,  tibiae,  and  tarsi  pilose.  Head  long, 
narrow,  almost  smooth,  shallowly  depressed  in  the  middle  between 
the  eyea,  the  latter  large,  moderately  distant;  antennae  long, 
slender,  joint  11  in  ,£  about  equalling  7-10,  in  $  8-10,  united. 
Protiiocax  long,  narrow,  the  sides  obliquely  convei^iTng  from  about 
the  middle  forward,  and  constricted  before  the  raised  basal  margin ; 
cloaely,  finely  punctate,  depressed  in  the  centre  at  the  base  and 
longitudinally  excavate  behind  the  anterior  margin.  Elytra  very 
long,  widening  to  beyond  the  middle  and  there  about  three  timee 
the  breadth  of  the  prothorax,  mucronate  at  the  tip;  closely,  rather 
findy,  crenato -striate  throughout,  the  striae  sinuate  and  arranged 
in  pairs,  the  alternate  interatioee  each  with  a  series  of  approximate 
oblong,  flattened  spioulae,  which  become  more  prominent  and 
earinifoim  towards  the  sides  and  apex.     Legs  very  loi^. 

LengOi  13,  breadth  nearly  4  mm.     (<;$.) 

Hab.  Upper  Amazons,  Ega  {H.  W.  Sates). 

u,y,l,7rJM,G00glc 


182  Mi.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

Two  specimens,  assumed  to  be  sexes,  one  having  a  longer 
apical  joint  to  the  antennae  than  the  other.  Closely  ielat«d 
to  S.  agraeformis.  Champ.,  from  Panama  (figured  in 
B.C.-Am,,  Coleopt.  IV,  2,  pi.  1,  fig.  7),  the  head  not  so  broad, 
the  eleventh  antennal  joint  in  (J  shorter,  the  elytra  with 
narrower,  smaller  tubercles  (and  the  striae,  in  consequence, 
less  sinuous),  the  legs  infuscate,  etc.  S.  agroidea,  S.  gem- 
mijer,  and  S.  catenata  are  somewhat  similar  forms,  all  of 
them  superficially  resembling  the  Carabid-genus  Agra, 
which  is  numerous  in  species  in  the  same  regions. 

11.  Statlra  mucronata,  n.  sp. 

Elongate,  widened  posteriorly,  Bhiiiiiig;  vaiying  in  oolour  from 
nigni-piceoiu  to  outaneouB,  the  anteonae  more  or  leaa  infoHcate  and 
with  at  leaat  the  apical  joist  ferruginous,  the  elytra  in  the  darker 
examplee  braaay  or  greenish -aeneonB ;  the  elytra  with  numerous 
bristly  hain.  Head  rather  closely  punctate,  deeply,  broadly 
foveate  betwerai  the  eyes,  the  latter  very  large,  somewhat  narrowly 
separated ;  antennae  stout,  moderately  long  in  S<  shorter  in  $, 
joint  11  in  ^  equalling  0-10,  in  $  8-10,  united.  Protborax  longer 
than  broad,  slightly  narrower  than  the  head,  feebly  rounded  at  the 
sides,  oonstricted  before  the  prominrait  basal  margin;  closely, 
conapiouously  punctate,  the  interspaces  polished,  the  disc  trans- 
veraely  depressed  on  each  side  anteriorly  and  also  excavate  in  the 
centre  at  the  baae.  Ellytia  long,  widening  to  beyond  the  middls, 
more  Uisn  twjoe  the  width  of  the  prothorax,  mueronate  at  the  tip; 
finely,  deeply  punota  to -striate,  the  striae  strongly  undulate  towards 
the  sides  and  apex,  the  interstices  convex,  3,  S,  7,  and  9  throughout 
their  length,  and  1  at  the  apex,  with  a  scattered  series  of  setigeioua 
impressions,  the  spaces  between  them  longitudinally  tubereulate, 
the  tubercles  on  7  and  9,  and  those  towards  the  apex  on  1,  3,  6, 
shorter  and  more  closely  placed  than  those  on  the  disc  Femora 
moderately  thickened. 

Length  ia-12,  breadth  31-4}  i™-     (o'$-) 

Hab.  Brazil,  Ceara  {Gmnelle). 

Three  males  and  three  females,  two  only  with  metallic 
elrtra.  Verj-  like  S.  nigrocofntUa,  but  with  the  alternate 
elrtral  interstices  3,  5,  7  and  9  here  and  there  tuberculate 
throughout  their  length,  the  tubercles  on  7  and  9  shorter 
and  more  numerous,  much  as  in  iS.  tvhercuUUa,  Makl.;  the 
prothorax  longer  and  a  Uttle  more  finely  punctate;  the 
antennae  slightly  stouter. 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


New  and  litUe-knoum  Lagriidae.  183 

12.  SUtin  nlKroeMTOlea,  n.  sp. 

g.  Elongate,  broad,  widened  pmteriorly,  Bhining;  nigro-piceoos, 
llie  derentfa  antainal  joint,  the  tipa  of  the  toisi,  and  the  head  in 
one  spedmcn,  fenuginons  or  reddish,  th«  eljij^  blue  or  bluish-green ; 
the  elytra  wiUi  a  few  bristly  hairs.  Head  bioad,  finely  pnnctate, 
deeply,  longitudinally  impressed  between  the  eyes,  the  latter  very 
Urge,  Bomewbat  narrowly  separated ;  ant^mae  rather  long,  slovt, 
joint  II  equalling  7-10  united.  Prothorox  as  wide  as  tbe  head, 
about  as  broad  as  long,  feebly  rounded  at  the  sides,  moderately 
eonstricted  before  the  laterally-piojeGting  raised  basal  margin; 
cloaely,  ratber  coarsely  punctate,  the  intenpacee  polished,  the  dise 
depressed  in  the  centre  at  the  base  and  also  on  each  side  anteriorly. 
Elytra  long,  more  than  twice  the  breadth  of  the  prothorax,  widening 
to  beyond  the  middle,  transversely  depressed  below  the  base,  the 
apioee  mucconate;  closely,  finely,  deeply  punctato-striate,  the  striae 
crenate  and  posteriorly  undulate,  the  interaticee  convex  throughout, 
3,  5,  and  7  with  from  three  to  five  deep  setigerous  impreasions 
towards  the  apex,  9  with  a  scattered  series  of  similar  impteHsions 
along  their  entire  Imgth,  and  I  with  three  others  near  tiie  tip,  the 
spaces  between  them  longitudinally  tuberoulate  and  suboatenate. 
Iiep  long,  the  femora  moderately  thickened. 

Length  II-IU,  breadth  31-4  mm. 

Hab.  Bbazil,  Jatahy,  Province  of  Goyaa  (Pujol,  ex  coU. 

fry)- 

Two  specimens,  one  with  the  tip  of  the  aedeagus  exposed, 
agreeing  veiy  nearly  with  the  description  of  the  Brazilian 
iS.  nigra,  Makl. ;  but  as  the  author  aays  nothing  about  the 
stout  antennae,  ot  the  mucronate  apices  of  the  elytra, 
and  states  that  the  brood  inter-ocular  impression  is  almost 
obeolete  and  the  eleventh  antenna)  joint  (c^)  about  equals 
6-10  united,  the  Jatahy  insect  must  be  treated  as  distinct. 
The  allied  S.  caeUUa,  Er.,  from  Peru,  should  have  a  smoother 
prothorax.  5.  pertiana,  infra,  has  more  slender  antennae; 
a  non-foveate  l^ad,  the  apices  of  the  elytra  obtuse,  etc. 

13.  Statin  Intesi,  n.  sp. 
J.  Elongate,  rather  narrow,  shining ;  piceous,  the  elytra  with  a 
brassy  lustre,  the  apical  joint  of  the  antennae  ferruginous ;  the 
elytra  with  numerous  long  bristly  bails.  Head  slightly  broader 
than  the  prothorax,  closely,  finely  punctate,  with  a  deep  oblong 
fovea  between  the  eyes,  the  latter  very  large,  somewhat  narrowly 
separated;  antennae  rather  slender,  long,  joint  11  equalling  6-10 
united.    Prothorax   rather   narrow,   oblongo-coidate,    oonatrioted 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


184  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

before  the  prominent  hind  angles,  the  basal  margin  raised,  the  disc 
depressed  in  the  centre  behind ;  sparselj,  finely  punctate.  Ely^a 
long,  gradually  widened  to  the  middle  and  there  twice  as  broad  as 
the  prothorai,  transversely  depressed  below  the  base,  acuminate 
posteriorly,  mucronat«  at  the  tip;  closely,  finely,  deeply  punctoto- 
striate,  the  strifte  undulate,  the  interstices  more  or  less  convex,  3, 
5,  7  and  9  with  a  scattered  series  of  setigerous  imprcBsions,  each 
of  which  ia  preoeded  by  a  prominent  tubercle,  1  also  with  three  or 
four  tubercles  before  the  spex,  7  and  9  catenulate  throughout.  Legs 
slender  [anterior  pair  wanting]. 
Length  10^,  breadth  3^  mm. 

Hab.  Upper  Amazons  Ega  {H.  W.  Bates).  ' 

One  male.  ThU  species  agrees  with  S.  (uhercwiota, 
B  mucronala,  and  S.  nigrocaendea  in  having  the  bead 
deeply  foveate  between  the  eyes  and  the  apices  of  the 
el)i;ra  mucronate,  differing  from  the  first-named  in  the 
convex  iiitetEtices,  smaller  foveae,  prominent  tubercles, 
and  more  strongly  mucronate  apex  of  the  elytra,  and  from 
the  two  others  in  its  narrower  shape,  less  thickened  antennae, 
and  the  more  prominent  small  scattered  tubercles  on  tbe 
disc  of  the  elytra. 

14.  Slatlra  euspldata,  n.  sp. 

Elongate,  somewhat  robust,  narrow,  widened  posteriorly,  shining ; 
piceouB,  the  antennae  (joints  1-4  excepted)  femiginous,  the  elytra 
metallic  golden-green,  tlie  colour  changing  to  golden  and  cupreous 
laterally,  and  to  green  across  the  base ;  the  elytra  with  a  few  long, 
briatly  hairs.  Head  about  as  wide  as  the  prothorax,  cloGely,  minutejy 
.  punctate,  slightly  hollowed  betweoi  the  eyee,  the  latter  large, 
somewhat  distant;  antennae  slender,  moderately  long,  joint  11 
about  equalling  7-10  united.  Prothorax  considerably  longer  than 
broad,  subcylindrical,  constricted  before  the  raised,  lalerally-pro- 
jecting  basal  margin ;  densely,  minutely  punctate,  the  diso  longi- 
tudinally depressed  in  the  centre  behind.  Elytra  long,  widening  to 
the  middle  and  there  considerably  more  than  twice  the  breadth  of 
the  prothorax,  acuminate  posteriorly,  the  apices  mucronate ;  closely, 
finely,  deeply  punctato-striate,  tlie  interstices  more  or  less  convex, 
3,  6,  and  9  each  with  a  seriee  of  small  setigerous  impreesions  ex- 
tending from  a  little  below  the  base  to  the  apex  (those  on  3  closely 
placed  on  the  apical  half),  1  and  7  atso  with  three  or  four  impres- 
sions before  the  tip,  the  spaces  between  them  becoming  m6re  or  leas 
raised  longitudinally  or  tuberculate  towards  the  sides  and  apex. 
Length  10,  breadth  3)  mm.    ($  T) 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


Nob  and  litde-htoum  Lagriidae.  I8B 

EtA.  LowsB  Amazons,  Para  {H.  W.  Batex,  ex  coU. 
Patcoe). 

One  example.  Not  xmlike  the  Peruvian  S,  vigifUi- 
punetaia  (No.  46),  but  with  a  subcylindrical,  subsulcate, 
densely,  minutely  punctate  prothorax,  and  more  nnmerous, 
much  emallei  setigerous  impreasions  on  the  elytra,  those 
on  the  apical  half  of  the  third  interstice  somewhat  closely 
placed,  the  elytral  apices  mucronste.  The  longer  and 
narrower  prothoraz,  smaller  head,  deeply  striate  elytra, 
with  more  numerous  smaller  setigerous  impressions  in 
the  iaterstices  3  and  5,  separate  S.  cuspidata  from  S.  semi- 
cuprea  (No.  47).  The  sides  of  the  elytra  are  brilliant 
cupreous  towards  the  apex  in  the  present  species. 

15.  Staflnt  tubereoUtta. 
Staiira  tuberculata,  Makl.,  Act.  Soc.  Fenn.  x,  p.  637  (1876). 

Elongate,  ehining;  dilute  rufo-castaneous,  the  bead  and  pro- 
thorax  often  moie  or  leas  iofnacate,  the  patpi,  and  sometimee  the 
antoinae  also,  piceoua,  the  upper  Burface  with  a  faint  brassy  luitie 
(in  Hliklin's  var.  a  the  elytra  are  aeneous  or  green);  the  elytra 
with  scattered  long,  bristly  hairs.  Head  about  as  wide  as  the  pro- 
Uioiax,  almost  smooth,  deeply  foveate  in  the  middle  between  the 
eyes,  the  latter  large  and  narrowly  separated  in  ^,  a  little  smaller 
and  more  distant  in  $ ;  antennae  rather  slender,  joint  11  in  [J  about 
equalling  5-10,  in  $  slightly  longer  than  8-10,  united.  Piothor&x 
a  little  longer  than  broad,  moderately  rounded  at  the  sides,  con- 
stricted befora  the  prominent  basal  margin ;  finely  punctate,  often 
with  one  or  two  oblique  impiessiona  on  each  aide  of  the  disc.  Elytra 
long,  twice  as  wide  as  the  prothorax,  very  slightly  widening  to  the 
middle,  pointed  at  the  apex;  finely  punotato -striate  thiougbout, 
tlie  striae  undulate,  the  interaticee  3, 6, 7,  and  9  each  with  a  scattered 
•eoriea  of  lat^e,  deep,  subquadr&te,  setigerous  impressiona,  separated 
towards  the  sides  and  apex  by  elongate  tubercles,  those  on  7  and  9 
shorter  and  more  prominrnt,  the  eighth  interstice  nanow  and 
cariniform.    Anterior  femora  strongly  clavate,  feebly  ciliate. 

Length  8<i-l^i'  breadth  2i-3i  mm.    (,?$.} 

Hob.  Brazil,  PetropoUs  and  Santa  Rita  {Saklberg : 
typee),  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Bahia  (Fry),  Espinto  Santo  {Des- 
courtils),  Alto  da  Serra  in  San  Paulo  (Bryant). 

Eleven  specimens  (9  <J,  2  ?)  before  me  are  referable  to 
this  species,  two  of  them  belonging  to  the  colour  var. 
a  of  Maklin.    There  is  also  some  variation  in  the  shape 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


186  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

and  puncturing  of  the  prothorax,  and  in  the  number  of 
tubeicles  and  setigeroua  impressions  on  the  elytra,  the 
latter  being  always  large  and  deep.  The  apices  of  the 
elytra  are  pointed  or  Bubmucronate.  The  frontal  fovea  is 
also  deep.  The  sexual  characters  were  not  mentioued 
by  the  author. 

16.  Stetira  unetarenuw,  n.  sp. 

Very  elongate,  narrow,  ebining;  piceoos,  the  elytra  giectuih- 
aeneous,  the  antennae  in  their  outer  half  and  the  legs  nifo-tcetacwoi 
or  ferruginous,  the  knees  slightly  infuscato.  Head  rather  small, 
sparsely,  finely  punotate,  unimprMsed  between  the  eyes,  the  latter 
la^e,  narrowly  Beparat«d ;  antennae  moderately  long,  rather  simder, 
pilose,  joint  II  equalling  8-10  united.  Prothorax  longer  than 
broad,  a  little  wider  than  the  head,  feebly  rounded  at  the  sides,  and 
constricted  beforo  the  raise)),  laterally-projecting  basal  margin; 
closely,  finely,  oonspiouously  punctate,  the  disc  transversely  im- 
pressed on  each  side  before  and  behind  the  middle.  Elytra  very 
long,  twice  as  wide  as  the  prothorax,  somewhat  rounded  at  the  side^ 
gradually  widening  to  the  middle,  without  mucro  at  the  tip;  closdy, 
finely  punctate -striate,  the  interetices  feebly  convex,  1,  3,  fi,  7,  and 
9  each  with  a  series  of  rather  small,  deep,  setigerous  impieeeioas 
extending  throughout  their  length  (olosely  placed  on  3  and  6,  and 
scattered  on  1,  7,  and  9),  the  spaces  between  them  longitudinally 
raised  or  tuberculate,  the  tuberolee  elongate  on  7  and  9.  Tibiae 
pilose  within. 

Lengthlli.broadthSlmm.    ($1) 

Hab.  Amazons,  Santarem  (H.  W.  Bates). 

One  specimen,  now  wanting  the  elytral  setae.  Smaller 
and  less  elongate  than  S.  verrucosa,  the  head  narrow,  the 
prothorax  not  excavate  in  front,  the  elytra  narrower,  with 
smaller  elevations  on  the  alternate  interstices,  the  striae 
straighter,  and  the  apices  unarmed. 

17.  Statira  longleollis.    (Plate  XII,  fig.  7,  posterior  leg,  3-) 

$.  Statira  longicoUis,  Makl.,  Act.  Soc.  Femi.  vii,  p.  151 
(1862). 

<J.  Lower  surface  of  the  anterior  femora  at  the  base,  and  that  of 
the  other  femora  to  near  the  apex,  and  a  broad  space  down  the 
middle  of  the  metastemnm  and  abdomen,  thickly  clothed  with 
long,  fine,  projecting  or  eemi-ereot,  hairs ;  antennae  cloeely  piloee. 


ih,Cooi^lc 


Nob  and  Uule-lmown  Lagriidae.  187 

joint  1  moderately  thickened,  10  much  shortcT  than  9  and  angolarly 
dilated  at  the  inner  apical  angle,  II  {as  in  $)  nearly  equalling  8-10 
united;  anterior  tibiae  gradually  dilated  on  the  inner  aide  into  a 
broad,  anbangiilar,  concave  plate;  intermediate  tibiae  hollowed 
rithin;  posterior  tibiae  (fig.  7)  ezcaTat«  along  their  inner  face, 
broadly  arcuato^emaiginate  towards  the  middle  (as  seen  from  above), 
and  nidoied  thence  to  the  apex,  appearing  strongly  sinuate  within. 

Bah.  BRAzn.  (Mm.  Oxon.),  Rio  de  Janeiro  {Fry). 

Eight  specimens  seen,  three  of  which  are  males.  U 
correctly  identified  by  me,  S.  lotigicf^lis  is  a  close  ally  of 
S.  mndipennia,  Lep.  et  Serv.  (and  not  of  S.  geniadata,  as 
stated  by  Maklin),  from  which  it  differs  in  the  narrower 
liead  and  prothorax  in  both  sexes,  and  in  the  following 
(^-characterB : — antennae  with  joint  1  less  thickened,  and 
10  shorter  and  dentate  at  the  apex  within ;  intermediate 
femora  ciliate  to  near  the  apex  and  the  ventral  surface 
more  hairy;  posterior  tibiae  strongly  sinuate  within, 
the  plate  on  the  anterior  pair  less  angular.  The  number 
and  arrangement  of  the  setigerous  impressions  on  the 
elftral  interstices  3,  5,  and  d  are  much  the  same  in  the 
two  species.  The  colour  is  variable — ^piceoua  or  rufo- 
CBstaneous,  the  eljrtrs  with  an  aeneous  or  greenish  lustre, 
the  two  basal. joints  of  the  antennae  sometimes  infuscate. 

18.  Statlra  mslsagris.     (Plate  XH,  fig.  8,  ^.) 

ij.  Statira  meUaffrie,  Makl.,  Act.  Soc,   Fenn.   vii,   p.   149 
(1862). 

Antenna]  joint  11  in  ^7  equalling  7-10,  in  $  8-11),  united;  inter- 
mediate femora  in  i^  gradually  thickened  outwards  and  then  abruptly 
hollowed  before  the  apex  beneath. 

Hab.  Brazil,  Rio  de  Janeiro  {Fry,  Mva.  Oxon.),  Kspirito 
Santo  {Mm.  Brit.). 

Eight  examples  seen.  A  very  elongate,  pallid  form 
allied  to  S.  catenaia,  Makl.,  with  the  widened,  catenulate 
alternate  elytral  interstices  3,  5,  7,  and  9  each  bearing  a 
series  of  somewhat  closely  placed,  subquadrate,  black 
impressions;  the  legs  and  antennae  differently  formed 
or  clothed,  and  the  abdomen  almost  glabrous  (the  usual 
setae  only  present),  in  the  <J ;  the  head  narrow  and  sulcate 
between  the  eyes. 


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188  Mr.  G.  C,  Champion  on 

19.  Statin  oalenata.     (Plate  XII,  figs.  9,  ^i   9a,  b, 
penis'sheatli,  ^.) 

?.  Statira  caUnata,  Makl.,  Act.  Soc.  Feim.  vii,  p.  148  (1862). 
j.  Statira  plumicomis,  Deyr.  in  litt. 

(J.  Antennae  thickened,  joint  1  very  stout,  2  quite  short,  S-10 
rapidly  decreasing  in  length,  9  and  10  dentate  at  the  inner  apical 
angle,  11  very  elongate,  equalling  7-10  united,  3-10  wth  a  dttm 
fringe  of  long  hairs  within ;  anterior  femora  Btnmgly  incraMatc^ 
oiliate  at  the  base  beneath  i  anterior  tibiae  broadly,  angolari; 
explanate  towards  the  apex  within;  int«Tnediate  femora  oiliate 
beneath  i  intermediate  tibiae  hollowed  along  their  inner  faoe; 
posterior  femora  very  etout,  ouired,  excavate  and  densely  ciUatc 
beneath,  angularly  dilated  before  the  apex ;  posterior  tibiae  sinuond; 
bowed,  broadly  widened  in  their  outer  half,  excavate  and  pubescent 
within,  and  furnished  with  a  dense  brush  of  very  long  hairs  at  about 
the  middle  of  their  upper  inner  edge;  metaatemum  and  abdomen 
thiekly  clothed  with  long  hairs  down  the  middle;  penis -sheath '* 
stout,  asymmetric,  broadly,  obliquely,  subangularly  dilated  at  the 
apex,  serrulate  along  the  upper  edge. 

$.  Antennae,  slender,  simple,  joint  II  ncMly  or  quite  equalling 
3-10  united. 

HcJ).  Brazil,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Santa  Catbarina  (Fry), 
Constancia  {/,  Gray  and  H.  Clark,  Jan.  1857),  State  of  ^ 
Paulo  (QouneUe),  Minaa  Geraea  {Mtis.  Brit.). 

Nine  specimens  seen,  including  three  males.  The  extn- 
ordinary  combination  of  characters  in  the  atracture  or 
clothing  of  the  legs,  antennae  and  ventral  suif&ce  in  this 
sex  makes  S.  caienata  easily  recognisable,  at  least  in  the 
(J;  the  ?,  however,  is  very  like  that  of  S.  geniadata,  Maid., 
differing  from  it  in  having  the  alternate  elytral  interstices 
a  little  broader,  5  and  7  nith  more  numerous  setigerous 
impressions.  The  amount  of  catenulation  of  these  inter- 
stices is  somewhat  variable  in  both  iasecfaB. 

20.  Statin  rirldlpennls.    (Plate  XII,  figs.  10,  lOo, 
aedeagus,  ^.) 

Statira  riridipmnis,  Lep.  et  Serv.,  Encyci.  Mdth.,  Ins  x, 
p.  480  (1827) ;  Makl.,  Act.  Soc.  Fenn.  vii,  p.  149  (1863). 

"  The  oonjoined  lateral  lobes  of  the  tegmen,  seo.  St»Tp. 

Ij.y.l.AjL.yCOO'^lC 


Neu>  ani  Uoie-known  Lagriidae.  189 

(J.  Antennae  a  little  tbiekcr  than  in  $,  joint  I  Very  stout,  10 
dcotete  at  the  apex  witUn,  11  aeorlj  equalling  7-10  united,  3-10 
thicklf  pilose  on  their  inner  side ;  anterior  femora  very  stout ; 
Ulterior  tibiae  angularly  eiplanate  towards  the  apex  within ;  inter- 
nudiate  tibiae  hollowed  along  their  innor  face;  posterior  femora 
doMdy  cUiat«  Along  their  basal  half  bmeath;  paetarior  tibiae 
Bicarata  wiUiin,  widened  outwards,  and  broadly,  shallow];  emarg^- 
ate  »t  about  the  middle,  appearing  sinuate  on  their  inner  edge; 
metastemum  and  abdomen  thickly  pilose  down  the  centra,  the  fifth 
Bcgment  bntadly  depressed  in  the  middle  posteriorly. 

Aedeagus  {figs.  10,  lOa] :  basal  pieoe  stout,  curved,  boat-shaped ; 
pcnk-eheath  asymmetric,  twisted,  obliquely  dilated  outwards  into 
U  e)ongat«,  apoon-ahaped  piece,  which  is  angulafe  on  the  right  aide 
at  some  distonoe  before  the  tip. 

ffoA/BKAZiL  {Mua.  Brit.,  Mus.  Oxon.),  Rio  de  Janeiro 
[fry),  Constancia  and  Tijuca  {J.  Gray  and  H.  Clark, 
Jan.  1857). 

The  long  senes  of  this  species  before  me  vary  in  colour 
from  piceouB  to  rufo-testaceous ;  the  prothorax  and  an- 
tennae (joints  1  and  2  excepted)  are  usually  red;  the 
elytra  with  a  tranalucent  green,  aeneoue  or  cupreous  lustre ; 
the  legs  in  most  of  the  specimens  testaceous  or  rufo- 
Ustaceoufi,  the  knees  and  tarsi  sometimes  infuscate.  The 
absence  of  the  setigerous  impressions  along  the  seventh 
elytral  interstice  separates  both  sexes  of  5.  mridi-pennis 
from  the  very  closely  allied  S.  geniculata,  Makl. 

21.  Statint  Eenionlata.   (Plate  XII.  figs.  11, 11a,  aedeagua,  <?.) 

^.Statyra  gemmata,  Dej.  Cat.,  3rd  edit.,  p.  236  (1837). 
StaUra  geniotdata,   l^kl.,   Act.   Soc.   Fenn.    vii,    p.    150 


3-  Antennae  very  long  and  slender,  joint  1  scarcely  stouter  than 
in  S,  10  angulate  at  the  inner  apical  angle,  11  nearly  equalling  8-10 
nnited;  eyes  extremely  large,  subcontiguous;  anterior  femora  very 
■tout,  almost  glabrous;  posterior  femora  ciliate  beneath;  inter- 
"Kdiate  and  posterior  tibiae  closely  pilose  within,  the  latter  Bimple; 
■iietagtemiim  and  abdomen  thickly  clothed  down  the  middle  with 
long,  erect,  fulvous  hairs,  the  fifth  s^ment  broadly  depressed  in  the 
"Wtm  posteriorly.  Aedeagus  (figs.  11,  11a):  basal  piece  long, 
curved  1  pcnis-Bheftth  dongate,  broad,  twisted,  deeply  grooved, 
"w  apical  portion  fiddle-shaped. 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


190  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

Hab.  Brazil  (ex  Mas.  Dejean;  Mua.  Oxon.),  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  Bahia  (Fry),  Espirito  Santo  {Mus.  Brit. ;  Deectmr- 
tila). 

Numerous  specimens  seen,  these  varyio^  greatly  in  the 
colour  of  the  body  and  legs,  and  in  the  mtensity  of  the 
metallic  suffusion  of  the  elytra ;  the  uitennae  are  osoaUv 
rufo-testaceous  with  the  basal  two  or  three  joints  infuscate, 
rarely  black  in  their  basal  half.  This  species,  if  correctly 
identified  by  me,  is  closely  related  to  S.  viridipennis,  difier- 
ing  from  it  in  the  more  ot  less  catenulate  elytral  iutersticas 
1,3,5, 7,  and  9  (the  catenulation  on  7  extendmg  along  their 
entire  length),  and  in  the  simple  anterior  and  posterior 
tibiae,  and  the  slender  basal  joint  of  the  ant«nnae  of  tbe 
male.  The  flddle-shaped  outer  portion  of  the  penis-sheath 
(=  tegmen),  too,  is  characteristic  of  the  present  insect, 

22.  Statira  asymmBtrioa,  n.  sp.     (Plate  XII,  fig.  12, 
penis-sheath,  ^.) 

cJ.  Very  elongate,  narrow,  shiningi  pioeoua,  the  elytra  with  » 
tranalucent  aeneoua  lustre,  the  head,  antennae  (the  slightly  infiu- 
oate  basal  joint  ezcepud),  legs,  and  under  surface  testaceous  or 
rufo-t«staoeooa,  the  elytia  with  a  few  long  bristly  hain.  Head 
rather  small,  short,  almost  smooth,  the  eyes  large,  narrowly  separ- 
ated; antennae  very  slender,  extremely  elongate,  joint  U  aboal 
equalling  S-10  united.  Frothorax  wider  than  the  head,  subooidaU, 
Bcaroely  longer  than  broad,  the  basal  maigin  prominent ;  alutaceous, 
spatsely,  minutely  punctate.  Elytra  very  long,  subparallel,  Icm 
tiian  twice  the  width  of  the  prothorax,  rounded  at  the  tip;  doasly, 
finely  punatato-striate,  the  inteistioee  flat  on  the  disc,  3  widentd 
and  with  a  series  of  about  twelve,  and  S  and  7  with  from  8-10,  deep, 
subqusdrate,  setigerous  impreesions.d  also  with  several  othera  down 
the  apical  half,  the  spaces  between  the  impressions  longitudinally 
raised  and  cateoato-tuberoulate  from  about  the  middle  to  the  apei- 
Metastemum  and  ventral  s^ments  1-6  hollowed  and  thickly  pihee 
down  the  middle.  Penis-sbeath  long,  broad,  asymmetrio,  twisted, 
arcuately  dilated  on  the  right  side  at  some  distance  before  the  tpa, 
the  apical  portion  spoon'Shaped.  L^^  very  long;  anterior  femon 
thickened ;  posterior  femora  closely  ciliate  in  their  basal  half  be- 
neath; posterior  tibiae  sinuously  compressed,  appearing  hollovtd 
from  a  little  below  the  base  to  near  the  apex,  closely  pilose  vithin. 

Length  10,  breadth  2}  mm. 

H(A.  Bb&zil,  Bio  de  Janeiro  (Fry). 

One  male.    A  close  ally  of  S.  genwulata,  M&kl.,  difienug 


New  and  UoU-kmnim  Lagriidae.  191 

from  the  corFesponding  sex  of  that  species  in  having  a  much 
smaller,  Bhoit«r  head,  a  less  elongate  piothorax,  more  slender 
antennae,  sinuously  compressed,  haiiy  posterior  tibiae, 
and  the  broad  penis-sheath  dissimilarly  formed.  The  non- 
dilated  posterior  tibiae,  etc.,  separate  S.  aaymmarica  from 
S.  tortipes,  S.  arcuatipes,  and  other  forms  with  bowed  ot 
twisted  tibiae  in  the  male. 

23.  Statlnt  tortipes,  n.  sp.     (Plate  XH,  figs.  13,  posterior 
leg;   13a,  penis-sheath,  (^.) 

Very  donate,  narrow,  moda«tdy  ahising;  otMcaie  teataceona, 
the  eyes  blkck,  the  elytra  in  some  apecimeoa  with  a  faint  aeoeoua 
luatie,  the  latter  with  a  few  very  long,  briatly  hairs.  Head  small, 
aJrooBt  smooth,  obeoletely  aulcate  between  the  eyes,  the  latter  large 
and  modnately  diataot;  anteonae  long,  alfliider,  joint  11  in  (J 
equalling  S-10  united,  very  little  Bhortcr  in  $.  Prothorax  wider 
than  the  head,  oblongo .cordate;  very  sparsely,  obeoletely  punctate, 
slightly  depressed  in  the  middle  at  the  ttase.  Elytra  elongate,  aub- 
parallel ;  closely,  finely  punot«t« .striate,  the  interstices  almoet  flat, 
3  with  a  series  of  about  eight  to  ten,  and  S  with  five  or  six,  setigeions 
impressions,  9  also  with  thiee  impressions  near  the  tip,  3  and  5 
c*t«Da]at«  posteriorly. 

^.  Femora  ciliate  beneath,  the  anterior  pair  very  stout,  the  inter, 
mediate  pair  clavate,  and  the  posterior  pair  angularly  dilated  towards 
the  apex;  posterior  tibiae  abruptly,  bisinuately  twisted,  broadly 
dilated,  concave  and  thickly  clothed  with  fine  hairs  within,  appear- 
ing closely  ciliate  along  their  inner  upper  edge  (fig.  13);  metaster- 
num  pilose  down  the  middle,  the  ventral  segments  1-3  and  5  (except 
on  the  basal  half)  also  with  numerous  long  erect  hairs  down  the 
centre ;  penis-sbeath  (fig.  13a)  twisted,  asymmetric,  angutate  on  the 
Irftside,  the  apical  portion  somewhat  shovel  .shaped. 

$.  Hetast«TQum  pilose  down  the  middle;    anterior  and  inter- 
mediate femora  ciliate  at  the  base. 
Length  10-11,  breadth  3-3^  mm.    (,}$.) 

Bab.  Brazil,  Ceara  {Gounelie :  <J$),  Rio  de  Janeiro 
(fry :  $),  Alto  da  Sierra  in  San  Paulo  (G.  E.  Bryant,  16. 
iii.  '12 :   $). 

One  male  (somewhat  injured  by  an  Ayuhrewts)  and 
three  females  from  Ceara,  and  a  female  from  each  of  the 
other  localities.  An  immature-looking  insect  related  to 
S.  longiccUis,  Makl.,  with  a  shorter  head  and  prothorax. 
smaller  eyes,  etc. ;   the  posterior  femora  angularly  dilated 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


192  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

(as  in  S.  catenata),  and  the  po8t«riot  tibiae  abruptly,  biu- 
nuately  twisted,  pilose,  and  dilated,  in  the  i^,  the  tibiae 
moie  strongly  sinuate  and  more  hairy  than  in  the  same 
sex  of  iS.  arcualipes  and  S.  fusdtarsis,  these  latter  more- 
over wanting  the  pilosity  down  the  middle  of  the  abdomen. 
The  penis-sheath  is  asymmetric,  and  shaped  somewhat  a« 
in  S.  virtdipennis  and  its  allies. 

24.  SUtira  arouatipei.    (Plate  XII,  figs.  U,  <^;   14a, 
aedeagus,  ^J.) 

c^.  Slatira  arcuatipes.  Pic,  Melanges  ezot.-entom.  iv,  p.  14 
(Sept.  1912). 

Very  elongate,  rather  narrow,  the  head  uid  prothorax  dull,  the 
rest  ol  the  upper  surface  moderately  Bhining ;  piceous  or  nigro- 
pioeous,  the  dytm  bluish-green  or  green,  sometimea  with  cupreous 
reflections,  the  antennae  often  in  part  fermginoua;  the  eljtra  with 
a  few,  long,  bristjj  haira.  Heed  almost  smooth,  feebly  groOTed 
betweoi  the  eyes,  the  latter  very  large  and  somewhat  narrowly 
separated;  antennae  long,  slender,  shorter  in  $,  joint  II  in  ^  equal- 
ling 6-10,  in  $  about  8-10,  united.  Frothorax  oblongo-ooidate, 
rather  sparsely,  minutdy  punctulate.  Elytra  long,  aubparallel  in 
tkeii  basal  half  in  d ;  closely,  finely  puncta  to -striate,  the  inteistiMa 
simoet  flat  on  the  disc,  3  and  6  tuberculato-catenate  towards  the 
apex,  3,  6,  and  7  (thoea  on  7  pres^it  in  one  ij-specimen  only)  with 
•ereral  widely  scattered  setigerous  impressions,  and  9  with  three 
impressions  near  the  tip. 

,}.  Intermediate  femora  gradually  widened  to  near  the  apex,  and 
abruptly  hollowed  thence  to  the  tip,  the  angle  thus  fanned  clothed 
with  short  hairs  externally;  posterior  femora  towards  the  apexvwy 
broadly,  arouately  dilated,  and  deeply  sulcate  beneath,  gjabroua; 
posterior  tibiae  sinuously  twisted,  broadly  dilated,  hollowed  and 
pubescent  within ;  penis-sheath  symmetric,  long,  comprMsed,  the  tip 
triangularly  dilated  as  seen  from  aboTe,  hooked  beneath,  the  tube  in 
which  it  is  enclosed  produced  into  a  long  spiniform  process  on  each 

Var.  Femoraand  tibiae,  except  at  their  apicee,  testaceous.    ([^$.) 
Length  lO-lli,  breadth  2i-3^  mm.    <iJ?.) 

Hab.  Brazil.  State  of  San  Paulo  [type],  PetropoUs  [J.  Gray 
and  //.  Clark,  Feb.  ISJi).  Rio  de  Jaaeiro  (Fry). 

Seven  males  in  the  Fr}'  collection,  including  two  of  the 
variety  with  pallid  femora  and  tibiae,  are  undoubtedly 
referable  to  ^.  iireHatipe.s,  Vx;    and  throe  females  with 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


Xet  and  lAde-bmni  Lt^idae.  19S 

fiimilailr  ooknued  legs,  two  of  them  from  Petropolis.  most 
alao  belong  beie.  These  insects  were  labelled  by  Fry  aa 
the  sexes  of  the  same  species.  The  variety  nearly  agreea 
with  the  description  of  S.fuieitanu.  Makl.,  cf.  infn. 

25.  Statin  tudtanis.    (I^ate  Xn.  fig.  15,  posterior  leg,  <5.) 

°.  Slatva  fuacitartis.  Maid.,  Act.   Soc.  Fenn.  x,  p.  638 
(1875). 

Very  like  8.  aremUipeg,  Pic,  the  bead  and  piothoiax  nigro-pweooB, 
the  eljtr»  brilliant  metallic  green  or  braasy-green,  the  femora  (eio^t 
Kt  Ute  apex  in  one  example,  $)  and  tibiae  dear  rafo-teetAoeoua  (o) 
or  teetAoeoDS  ($) ;  the  apical  ant<nnal  joint  of  ^  still  moie  etongale, 
eqnalliiig  fi-lO  united;  the  tyta  aa  large  aa  in  tliat  spedee;  the 
elytial  intasticea  3  and  S  with  from  three  (o  five  widely  separated 
setigecouB  impreeoicmB  down  the  diac  and  both  tabercnlaU>.catcnate 
on  the  apical  decliritjr ;  the  intennediate  and  poaterior  femois,  and 
the  poeterior  tibiae,  ebaped  exactly  aa  in  the  3  o^  ^-  amiatipe*, 
except  that  the  posterior  tibiae  (Gg.  Ifi)  bear  a  daiae  brush  of  hairs 
at  about  the  middle  of  the  concave  inner  (ace ;  the  peDi8.sheath  (ao 
far  as  vioit^)  shaped  aa  in  S.  oreuatipea. 

Hab.  Brazil,  Rio  de  Janeiro  {Fry,  J?},  Petropolis 
(Dr.  SaMbery :  type). 

A  pwr  from  the  Frv-  collection  are  provisionally  referred 
to  this  species,  the  type  of  which  was  captured  at  Petropolis. 
The  male  of  S.  calenato  has  a  somewhat  similar  brush  of 
much  longer  haiis  on  the  posterior  tibiae.  S.  fugcUarais  is 
said  to  have  four  additional  setigerous  impressions  on  the 
seventh  elytral  interstice,  and  those  on  the  disc  large,  but 
too  much  importance  need  not  be  placed  on  these  characters. 
Maklin  ignored,  or  overlooked,  the  marked  sexual  peculiari- 
ties of  many  of  these  insects,  and  it  is  therefore  impossible 
to  certainly  identify  some  of  his  Statirae  from  the  descrip- 
tions alone. 

26.'  StaOra  tibialis. 
cJ.  Siatira  tibialis.  Pic,  M^iangea  exot.-entom.   iv,   p.  14 
(Sept.  1912). 
,J.  Antennae  rufo-testaoeoas,  with  joint  1 1  equalling  6-10  united ; 
intermediate  femora  gradually  widened  to  near  the  apex,  and  hol- 
lowed thence  to  the  tip,  concave  along  their  lower  face,  glabrous; 
posterior  femora  inloate  beneaUi,  gradually,  arouately  dilated  on 
TRAKS.  EST.  SOC.  WIND.  1917, — PART  I.     (NOV.)  O 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


194  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

theic  lower  edge  to  near  the  apex ;  posterior  tibiae  aimply  sinuate, 
broadij  dilated,  hollowed  and  spanely  pubeaceot  within;  elytia 
metallia  green,  theint«iBtioe8  3  and  5  with  four  or  five  widely  eepar- 
ated  setigeroufi  impreasione,  becoming  taberculato-oatenate  towaidi 
the  apex;  penia-aheath  simplj  acuminate  at  the  tip. 

Hab.  Brazil,  Salobro  [type],  Ilha  Santo  Amaro  neat 
Santos  (G.  E.  Bryant :  4.  iv.  '12). 

A  male  found  by  Mr.  Bryant  ia  perhaps  referable  to  this 
species,  a  very  close  ally  of  S.  arcualipes,  according  to  its 
describer.  The  shape  of  the  penis-sheath  (examined  in  four 
out  of  the  seven  males  seen  of  the  last-named  insect)  shows 
that  S.  tibialis  cannot  be  a  form  of  S.  arcualipes. 

27.  Statira  rimpUdpu,  a.  sp. 

"Very  like  S,  arcuatipet,  Pio,  the  eljtra  relatively  narrower,  nib- 
parallel  in  <J,  green  or  biaaaj,  the  prothorsx  also  with  an  uneoua 
luatie,  the  antennae  (the  baaal  joints  exoept«d)  testaceous ;  antennal 
joint  II  in  ^  nearly  equalling  7~I0,  in  $  8-10,  united ;  cyee  sli^tly 
smaller ;  prothorex  a  little  less  rounded  at  the  aidea,  Bubc}riindrieal 
anteriorly  in  some  speoimons,  distinctly  punctate;  elytra!  inter- 
atioee  3  and  S  with  more  numerous  aetigeious  impressions  (3  with 
fromten  to  twriTeand5witfaaboutBix),oateiiato-tuber(nilateat  the 
apex ;  legs  long  and  slender,  those  of  the  ^  simple,  as  in  $ ;  ponia- 
sheath  ot  <J  acuminate  at  tip. 

Var.  The  femora  and  tibiae,  the  knees  excepted,  testaceous. 

Length  »-I0|,  bieadth  2H  nun.    ((J$. ) 

Hab.  Brazil  [Mtis.  Brit.,  Mua.  Oxon.),  Petropolia  and 
Conatancia  (J.  Gray  and  H.  Clark,  Feb.  1857 :  var.),  Sio 
de  Janeiro  {Fry  :   type). 

Eight  specimens,  three  only  belonging  to  the  dark-legged 
form,  one  of  each  of  them  acquired  by  the  Britbh  Museum 
in  1871.  Extremely  like  S.  arcuatipes,  and  with  the  legs 
varjTng  m  colour  in  the  same  way ;  the  legs  simple  in  the 
two  sexes,  the  apical  joint  of  the  antennae  mucn  shorter 
in  the  S<  >uid  the  aedeagus  not  dilated  at  the  tip.  Compared 
with  5,  amoena,  Makl.,  which  also  haa  simple  intermediate 
and  posterior  lefjs  in  the  J,  the  mote  numeroua  setigerous 
impressions  on  the  third  and  fifth  elytral  interstices,  and 
the  less  elongate  apical  joint  of  the  j-antenna,  will  serve 
to  distinguish  the  present  species.  These  three  forms  occur, 
with  many  others,  in  the  vicinity  of  Rio  de  Janeiro. 


ih,Cooi^lc 


New  and  little-known  Lagriidae.  196 

28.  Statin  unoena. 

9.  Stalira  amoena,  M&kl.,  Act.  Soc.  Fean.  vii,  p.  152  (1862). 

Vw;  dong^te,  narrow,  Bhiniiig;  piceous  or  nigro-piceous,  paler 
benefttb,  the  Apical  antomal  jomt  UBnall^  femiginous,  the  elytra 
translucent  green,  aeaeouB,  or  ftmeo-cupieooB,  the  latter  with 
scattered,  long,  briatlj'  hairs.  Head  rather  small,  almost  smooth, 
the  ejea  very  laige  and  Habapproximate  in  ^,  more  distant  in  $; 
antennae  long.  Blender,  joint  lOsnbtriai^nlar  and  11  about  equalling 
6-10  united  in  ,?,  11  aa  long  as  S-10  in  $.  Frothorax  oblongo- 
coidate,  oloaelj,  minutely  punctiilat«,tiie  basal  margin  very  promi- 
nent. Elytra  long,  subpaiallel  in  their  basal  half,  finely  punctato- 
atriate,  Uie  interstices  flat,  3  with  about  eight  or  nine  and  5  with  sis 
or  sevea  setigerous  impressions  scatteied  between  the  baee  and  apex, 
and  9  with  two  or  tliree  similar  impreesiona  near  the  tip,  the  spaoea 
between  Uiem  longitudinally  raised  or  tubeniulate  on  the  apical 
declivi^.  ^.  Anterior  femora  thickened,  glabrous ;  intermediate  and 
poetcnor  femora  gradually  widened  to  near  the  apex,  and  hollowed 
thenoe  to  the  tip;  posterior  tibiae  closely  pilose  along  their  outer 
half  within. 

Length  10-12,  breadth  2{-3  mm.    (<;$.) 

Bab.  Brazil,  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Fry). 

The  above  description  ia  taken  from  four  males  and  two 
females  captuied  by  Fit.  It  is  one  of  several  extremely 
closely  allied  Brazilian  fonna,  the  females  of  which  are 
scarcely  distinguishable  inter  se,  though  the  males  poaseas 
marked  speci&c  characters  in  the  structure  of  the  legs,  etc. 
&laklin*s  descriptioii  of  S.  amoena  must  have  been  taken 
from  a  ?,  and  it  would  apply  almost  equally  well  to  the 
same  sex  of  S.  arcuatipes.  Pic. 

29.  Statira  mieans. 

Suutfra  morbiOosa,  Dej.  Cat.,  Srd  edit.,  p.  236  (1837). 
(J.  Stotira  micans,  Mftkl.,  Act.  Soc.  Fenn.  vii,  p.  153 
(1862). 
Exttemdy  like  S.  amoena,  Makl.  (as  here  identified),  bat  with 
several  setigerons  impressions  on  the  seventh  elytral  interstice  (alto- 
getliei  wtuiting  in  8.  amoena),  3,  fi,  7,  and  ft  tuberculato -catenate 
tow&rds  tJie  apex;  the  head  longitudinally  grooved  or  impressed 
between  the  eyee,  the  latter  not  bo  large  in  ^ ;  the  Seventh  anlennal 
joint  of  3  nearly  equalling  6-10  united ;  the  1^  variable  in  colour, 
simple  in  3 ;  the  aedeagus  narrow,  acuminate,  the  sheath  straight, 
tnincato  at  tip. 


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196  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

Sab.  Brazii.  (ex  coU.  Dejean),  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Frif), 
Bahia  (Reed),  Corcovado  (G.  E.  Bryant). 

Seven  examples  seen,  the  one  from  the  Dejean  collection 
being  labelled  with  the  MS.  name  S.  morhUlosa.  Compared 
with  the  variable  S.  geniculata,  it  ia  a  little  smaller  and  lesB 
elongate,  the  setigerous  impressions  and  tubercles  on  the 
eljrtral  interstices  3,  5,  7  and  9  are  reduced  in  number 
(especially  on  7) ;  and  in  the  ^  the  abdomen  is  glabrous 
down  the  middle,  the  legs  are  simple,  and  the  penis-sheath 
of  a  totally  different  shape.  Maklin  does  not  mention  the 
longitudinal  inter-ocular  groove  (also  present  in  his  S,  rufi- 
frons),  and  the  identification  of  the  insect  before  me  with 
his  species  is  not  certain. 

30.  Statlra  formou,  n.  sp. 

1^.  Very  elongate,  rather  narrow,  ahining;  pioeoiu,  the  elytra 
brilliaiit  golden-greMt,  cupreous  along  tbe  apical  maigin  and  on  the 
humeral  callus ;  the  elytra  with  numerous,  and  the  head  and  abdo- 
men with  a  few,  long,  fine,  enot  bristly  hairs.  Head  rather  narrow, 
not  wider  than  the  piothoiax,  with  afewminuteaoatteredpuiictuTee, 
the  eyes  veiy  large,  somewhat  narrowly  separated ;  antennae  long, 
slender,  joint  11  very  elongate,  equalling  6-10  united.  Protboisz 
narrow,  considerably  longer  than  broad,  the  sides  obliquely  conveig- 
ing  from  the  middle  forward  and  sinuately  compreesed  before  the 
base,  the  basal  margin  raised ;  sparsely,  minutely  punctate,  the  disc 
with  a  posteriorly  widened,  interrupted,  rather  broad  median  chann^, 
and  an  oblique  curved  depression  on  each  side  of  the  disc,  the  trans- 
verse basal  sulcus  not  extending  across  the  middle.  Elytra  very 
eloi^te,  subparellel,  rather  more  than  twice  the  width  of  the  pro- 
thorax,  fiatt«ned  on  the  disc,  and  witii  an  oblong,  deep,  intra -huTneral 
depicesion ;  closely,  finely,  sinuately  striate. punctate,  the  intersticet 
flat,  1,  3, 6,  and  7  with  numerous  small  sBtigerous  impressions  scat- 
tered throughout  their  lengtli,  9  also  vrith  seveial  rather  large  im- 
pressions along  the  apical  half,  those  towards  the  apex  on  7  and  9 
each  preceded  by  a  tubercle  or  short  carina.    Legs  very  long,  slender. 

Leogtli  121,  breadth  Sf  mm. 

Hab.  Ecuador  (Buckley). 

One  male.  An  Agraeform  insect  allied  to  the  Colombian 
S.  steinheili,  Makl.,  with  hrilhant  golden-green  elytra,  the 
alternate  interstices  of  which  have  numerous  small  setiger- 
ous impressions  scattered  throughout  their  length,  the 
seventh  and  ninth  cat«nulate  towards  the  tip. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lL' 


Nob  and  H^e-knovm  Lagmdae,  197 

31.  Stalin  latieoIUs. 

9.  Statira  hlicoUis,  MSkl.,  Act.  Soc.  Fenn.  x,  p.  637  (1875). 

Eloogftte,  rather  faroiid,  widened  postftriorly,  mod^atel^  shmiiig ; 
rufo -testaceous,  costaneous,  or  piceous,  the  dytra  with  a  more  or 
less  distinct  aeneous  lustre,  the  setigerouH  impressions  towards  the 
apex  indicated  by  darker  subquadrate  epota  in  the  light-«olonred  or 
imtnatore  individuala,  the  elytra  with  a  few  erect  bristly  hails  towards 
the  apex.  Head  closely,  finely  punctate,  the  eyea  large,  somewhat 
distant;  antennae  long,  slender,  joint  11  in  (}  as  long  bb  the  four  or 
fire  preceding  joints  united,  in  $  about  equalling  S~10.  ProtJiorax 
as  wide  as  the  head,  not  or  very  little  longer  than  broad,  moderately 
ronnded  at  tbe  sides,  oonstrioted  before  the  base,  the  basal  roai^ 
very  prominent;  densely,  finely  punctate.  Elytra  long,  widening 
to  beyond  the  middle  in  both  sexes,  and  there  more  than  twice  as 
broad  as  the  prothorax,  the  sides  arcuately  converging  thence  Ui  the 
apex;  closely,  finely  puncta  to -striate,  the  interstices  broad,  almost 
flat  on  the  disc,  3  and  9  with  four  or  five,  and  6  and  7  with  two  or 
three,  deep  setigerous  impressions  on  the  apical  half  or  third,  the 
spaces  between  them  more  or  less  rajsed  longitudinally  or  tubercu- 
late.    Anterior  femora  moderately  clavate,  bare. 

Length  lOi-12,  breadth  SMi'k  mm.     (5?.) 

Hab.  BEA!aL,  Santa  Rita  (Dr.  Sahlberg,  Aug.  185tt  :  type), 
Petropolis,  Conatancia  (J,  Gray  and  H.  Clark,  Jan.  and  Feb. 
1^7),  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Espirito  Santo  (Fry). 

This  insect  is  apparently  not  uncommon  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  to  judge  from  the  numeioua 
specimens  before  me.  It  is  extremely  probable  that 
S.  laticollis  is  a  dark  ?  of  the  previously  described  S.  rufa, 
Makl.,  and  that  the  latter  is  an  immature  <J  of  the  same 
species;  but  as  the  author  makes  no  comparison  between 
them,  the  identificatdoQ  is  uncertain.  The  apically  tuber- 
culate,  subcatenulate  alternate  elytral  interstices  3,  5,  7, 
and  9,  and  the  finely  impressed  striae,  are  characteristic 
of  the  present  species.  In  paUid  examples  the  setigerous 
impressions  are  indicated  by  dark  spots,  much  as  in  typical 
S.  niffroaparsa,  Makl.  A  specimen  (9)  before  me  from  Rio 
de  Janeiro,  rufous  in  colour,  with  testaceous  elytra,  and  a 
fovea  on  each  aide  of  the  disc  of  the  prothorax  behind  the 
middle  (not  mentioned  by  Makhn),  may  be  referable  to 
5.  rufa,  the  type  of  which  must  be  a  ij,  with  a  verj-  long 
eleventh  antennal  joint. 


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198  Mr.  a.  C.  Cliampioii  on 

32.  Ststlra  vlridltinoU,  n.  sp. 

Elongate,  widened  poeteriorly,  moderately  shining ;  pioeotu  or 
nigro-pioeoQH,  the  femora  paler  at  the  baoe,  the  elytra. with  a  braaaj 
or  greenieh  Iiutie,  Uie  antennae  (except  two  or  more  of  the  basal 
joints)  fenuginouB,  the  elytra  with  a  few  brietly  haira  towards  the 
apex.  Heed  densely,  minutely  punctate,  smoother  in  front,  slightjy 
hollowed  between  the  eyes,  the  latter  very  large,  somewhat  distant; 
antennae  long,  slender,  joint  11  as  long  as  five  or  six  of  the  preceding 
joints  united.  Prothorax  as  wide  as,  or  a  little  wider  than,  the  head, 
as  broad  as  long,  moderately  rounded  at  the  sides,  strongly  con- 
strioted  before  the  raised  basal  margin;  densely,  very  finely  punc- 
tate. Elytra  long,  widening  to  beyond  the  middle,  anniately  nar- 
rowed posteriorly;  closely,  finely  punctato-striate,  the  striae  deeply 
impressed  towards  the  tip,  the  Jnterstioee  more  or  lees  convex,  3  with 
five  or  six  scattered  setigerous  impreesions  down  the  apical  half, 
and  S,  7,  and  9  with  from  two  to  four  (tboee  on  7  sometimes  want- 
ing) similar  impreesions  towards  the  apex,  the  imprMiions  each 
pieoeded  by  a  small  tubercle. 

Length  9-11,  breadth  3-4  mm.     (<;.) 

Hob.  Amazons,  Santareid,  Ega  (ff.  W.  Bates). 

Six  examplea,  poxaibly  all  males.  This  is  an  Amazonian 
form  of  S.  lalicoUis,  Makl.,  that  requires  a  distinctive  name. 
The  more  deeply  impressed  striae  (especially  at  the  apex) 
and  the  convex  interstices  of  the  elytra,  the  relatively 
longer  apical  joint  of  the  antennae,  the  blackened  basal 
joints  of  the  latter,  and  the  darker  body,  are  sufficient  to 
distinguish  S.  viriditincta.  A  still  more  nearly  allied  fonn, 
S.  peruana,  occmB  at  Chanchamayo,  Peru. 

33.  Ststlra  ptnuna,  n.  sp. 
Elongate,  widened  posteriorly,  modemtely  shining ;  nigro-piceous, 
the  apical  joint  of  the  antennae  obscure  fermginons,  the  elytra  with 
a  greoi  or  bluish-groen  lustre;  the  elytra  with  a  few  long  bristly 
haira  towards  the  apex.  Head  closely,  minutely  punctate,  the  eyes 
very  large,  somewhat  distant;  antennae  slender,  moderately  long, 
joint  11  about  equalling  the  four  preceding  joints  united.  Pro- 
thorax  a  little  wider  than  the  head,  scarcely  so  long  as  broad,  rounded 
at  the  sides,  strongly  oonstricted  before  the  raised  baeal  margin ; 
closely,  minutely  punctate.  Elytra  long,  widening  to  beyond  the 
middle,  and  there  considerably  more  than  twice  the  brewltb  of  the 
prothorax,  srcuatdy  narrowed  posteriorly;  finely,  closely,  deeply 
punotato-slriate,  the  interstices  convex,  3  with  five,  and  fi,  7,  and 


ih,Cooi^lc 


New  and  little-hiown  Lagriidae.  199 

S  Moh  with  three  or  four,  Mattered  deep  setigwoiu  itnpnssiiHtB 
tovnrdn  the  bpex,  the  apaoea  between  th«n  ItmgitndiiuUly  swdUco 
and  aubcatcnnlate. 

Length  llf-lS,  breadth  4  mm.    ($T) 

Hab.  Perd,  Chanchamayo  (ex  coU.  F.  Bales). 

Two  examples,  sex  not  ascertained.  This  is  yet  another 
form  of  iS.  lattcoUis,  approaching  S.  caeUUa,  Kr.,  and  S.  nigra, 
Hakl.,  these  latter  having  the  ninth  elyttal  interstice  intei- 
rnptecUy  catenulate  for  nearly  its  entire  length .  The  creoate 
elytral  striae  in  S.  pervana  are  still  more  deeply  impressed 
at  the  apex  than  in  the  Amazonian  S.viridUincta,  and  the 
elevations  between  the  setigeroua  impressions  are  strongly 
convex  longitudinally,  instead  of  shortly  tuberculate  as  in 
the  last-named  insect. 

34.  Statira  raUrons. 
9.  Slatira  ntfifrons,  Makl.,  Act.  Soc.  Fenn.  vii,  p.  152  (1862). 

Elcnigat«,  iBther  narrow,  shining;  obscure  tcetaoeoiu  above, 
darker  beneath,  the  pnithoiaz  aeneoua,  the  reet  of  the  upper 
auifaoe  (tba  front  of  the  head  excepted)  with  a  faint  aeaeoua  luatre ; 
the  dytn  with  a.  few  long,  aoatteced,  biiatly  haira.  Head  broad, 
■pareely,  minutely  ponctate,  longitudinally  Boloate  and  foveat«  in 
the  middle  between  the  eyes,  the  latter  large,  moderetely  distant; 
antennae  long,  alender,  joint  1 1  in  (}  about  equalling  7-10,  in  $  S-10, 
miited.  Prothorax  aa  wide  as,  or  a  little  wider  than,  the  head, 
IcHiger  tiian  broad,  oblongo4ordat«,  oonatrioted  before  the  promi- 
nent baaal  margin;  oloaely,  finely,  oouapiouonsly  punctate,  the 
interapBcee  poliahed,  the  diao  aometimea  with  a  faint  traoe  of  a 
median  channel.  Elytra  long,  twice  aa  broad  aa  the  prothorax, 
gndnally  widaied  to  the  middle,  somewhat  acuminate  post«riorly; 
doaely,  finely  punctato-striate,  the  striae  deeply  impressed  at  the 
apex,  the  interstices  flat  on  the  dieo,  3  and  5  each  with  five  or  six 
deep  setigeroua  impresBions  scattered  between  the  baae  and  apes, 
and  9  with  three  or  four  (and  7  sometiniea  with  one)  similar  impree- 
sions  near  the  tip,  the  interspaces  between  them  raised  and  sub- 
catflnnlate  towards  the  apex.  Anterior  femora  moderately  clavate, 
bftie. 

Length  8^-10,  breadth  2}^^  mm. 

Hab.  Brazil  {Mus.  Oxon.),  Rio  de  Janeiro  {Fry). 

Six  examples  agreeing  very  nearly  with  Maklin's  descrip- 
tion. Smaller  and  narrower  than  8.  JcUicollis,  Makl.,  as 
here  identified ;   the  head  and  prothorax  more  polished, 


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200  Mr.  G.  C.  CIiampioD  on 

the  former  longitudmsUy  siilcat«  and  foveate  between  the 
eyes,  the  prothoraz  oblong,  less  densely  punctate,  and 
aeneous  in  colour;  the  elytra  lens  dilated,  translucent 
aeneo-testaceous,  with  the  atriae  deeply  impreH»ed  at  the 
apex,  the  aetigeroua  impressions  on  the  interstices  3  and 
5  extended  forward  to  the  base. 

35.  Statirs  sphenodera,  n.  sp.  (Plate  XII,  £g.  16,  3.) 
Very  elongate,  narrow,  shining;  pioeouB,  the  prothorax,  under 
surface,  and  sometimea  the  femora  at  the  base,  mfouH  or  nifo-teetscfl- 
0U8,  the  elytra  with  e,  translucent  greenish  or  cupreous  lustre,  the 
latter  with  a  few  brietly  hairs  towards  the  apex.  Head  long,  narrow, 
somewhat  closely  punctate,  Bhallowly,  loDgitudinaily,  grooved 
between  the  eye«,  the  latter  very  large  and  subappraximate,  the 
neck  rugose ;  antennae  very  lot^  and  slender  in  both  bcsbs,  joint  1 1 
in  S  equalling  about  five,  in  $  rather  more  tlian  three,  of  the  pre- 
ceding joints  united.  Protboras  elongate,  narrow,  suboonical, 
sinuate  at  the  sides  before  the  base,  the  basal  and  apioal  margins 
slightly  raised;  closely,  finely,  irregularly  punctate.  Elytra  very 
elongate,  twice  as  wide  oh  the  prothorax,  subparallel,  acuminate  at 
the  apex;  finely  punctato -striate,  the  interstices  almost  flat,  1,  3,  5, 
7<  and  0  each  with  two  or  three  setigerous  impressions  towaids  the 
tip.  Legs  very  elongate,  slender,  the  femora  gradually  thickened  to 
near  the  apes  in  both  sexee. 

Lengt    121-131.  breadth  3-3|  mm.    (SS-) 

Hab.  Brazil  {Mu^.  Oxon.],  Rio  de  Janeiro  {Fry),  Per- 
nambuco  (ea:  coU.  F.  Bates). 

Seven  specimens.  A  very  elongate,  narrow  insect,  not 
unlike  S.  longicollis,  Makl.,  and  easily  recognisable  by  ita 
long,  suboonical,  red  prothoraz,  very  elongate,  slender 
antennae,  with  an  extremely  elongate  terminal  joint  in  i^, 
the  metallic  elytra,  with  the  interstices  smooth  to  near 
the  apex,  and  the  simple  legs  in  both  sexes.  The  general 
facies  is  that  of  an  Agra. 

36.  StaHra  slenoeaphala,  n.  sp. 

^.  Very  elongate,  narrow,  shining;  nigro-piceous,  the  femora 
paler  at  the  base,  the  apical  margin  of  ventral  segments  3  and  4 
testaceous,  the  elytra  with  a  oyaneons  lustre,  the  latter  with  a  few 
bristly  hairs  at  the  tip.  Head  oblorkg,  narrow,  sparsely  puncUt«, 
foveate  in  tbe  middle  between  the  eyes,  and  with  two  small  fove«e 
on  each  aide  adjacent  to  them,  the  eyes  latber  small  (as  seen  from 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


New  and  UtHe-known  Lagriidae.  201 

Above), Bomewhftt  distant;  antemuie  long, quite  almder,  joints  7-10 
T^idlr  deoiwing  in  length,  II  rather  longer  than  6-10  unitad. 
I^thonx  a  little  wider  than  the  head,  maoh  loi^;er  than  broad, 
Bubcylindrical,  slightly  narrowed  and  constrioted  before  the  apex, 
and  very  feebly  sinuate  at  the  sides  before  the  base,  the  basal  margin 
a  little  raised,  the  hind  angles  not  prominent;  very  sparsely,  finely, 
irregularly  punctate,  the  disc  trsjisversely  depressed  on  each  side 
before  and  beJiind  the  middle,  and  indistinctly  so  in  tbe  centre  at 
the  base.  Elytra  elongate,  scarcely  twice  the  width  of  the  pro- 
thorax,  subparallel  to  far  beyond  tbe  middle,  rounded  at  the  tip; 
closely,  finely  slriato-punctate,  striate  at  the  apex,  the  interstices 
flat,  transrereely  wrinkled,  without  definite  coarser  setigerous  im- 
pressitms  on  the  alternate  inteisticee.  Legs  long,  slender,  the 
anterior  femora  feebly  clavate. 
Length  10,  breadth  2}  mm. 

Bob.  Brazil  [Mus.  Brit.). 

One  male,  acquired  by  the  Museum  ia  1871.  An  i3olat«d 
form,  tecogniaable  by  its  narrow  head,  slender  antennae, 
long,  cylindrical,  polished  prothoraz,  and  nigro-cyaneous, 
long,  subparallel,  non-foveolat«  elytra.  It  beats  some 
resemblance  to  Hypoatatira  variicohr,  Fairm.,  from  Minas 
Geraes,^^  but  the  present  insect  cannot  be  referred  to  that 
genus  as  defined  by  its  describer. 

37.  Stollra  viridlnltolu,  n.  sp. 

?.  Very  elongate,  somewhat  convex,  polished;  head  and  pro- 
thoraxnigro-piceoUB,  the  elytra  brilliant  metallic  green,  with  cupre- 
ous or  gold^i  reflections  at  the  sides  and  apex,  the  legs,  antennae, 
and  under  surface  piceous,  the  elytra  with  a  few  long,  bristly  haiis. 
Head  almost  smooth  (the  covered  rugose  neck  excepted),  foveste 
in  tie  middle  between  the  eyes,  the  latter  moderately  large,  separ- 
ated by  the  width  of  one  of  them  as  seen  from  above;  antennae 
extrentely  slender  and  elongate,  the  joints  slightly  thickened  at  the 
tip,  11  equalting  9  and  10  united.  Prothorax  about  as  wide  as  the 
head,  not  longer  than  broad,  cordate,  almost  smooth,  the  basal 
margin  laterally  projecting,  raised.  Elytra  very  elongate,  at  the 
base  twice  as  broad  as  the  prothorax,  gradually  widening  to  beyond 
tbe  middle,  acuminate  posteriorly,  the  apices  pointed;  closely, 
finely  puncta  to -striate,  the  interstices  broad,  almost  flat,  3,  5,  and 
7  with  several  widely  separated  setigerous  impressions  scattered 


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202  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

between  the  (mm  and  ftpex,  9  also  with  three  impresBiotu  towaids  the 
tip.    Legs  very  long  and  Blesder,  the  femora  moderately  thifkfn"^ 
Leogth  12,  bieadtb  3|  mm. 

Bab.  CoLOMBU  (ex  ctM.  F.  Bates). 

One  female.  An  insect  with  brilliantly  metallic  elytra, 
as  in  S.sumtuosa,  M&kl.,and  other  allied  Colombian  and 
Ecuador  forms,  the  head  and  piothoraz  relatively  short, 
the  elytra  very  long,  posteriorly  acuminate,  and  mucrooate 
at  the  tip,  the  antennae  and  legs  as  slendet  aa  in  OtAryadet 
jTogilicomii,  Champ.,  from  Panama.  The  last-named 
species  has  the  mandibles  tridentate  at  the  tip,  which  is 
apparently  not  the  case  in  the  present  insect,  so  far  as  can 
be  ascertained  without  opening  them.  S.  anguslala,  Yic, 
from  Ecuador,  must  have  equally  slender  antennae. 

38.  StaOra  aegnte. 
cj.  Suaira  aegrola,  Makl.,  Act.  8oc.  Fenn.  vii,  p.  149  (1862). 
S-  Antennae  simple,  joint  11  abont  equalling  7-10  (in  $  S-10) 
imited;  anterior  femora  stout;  intermediate  femoia  gradoally 
thickened  to  beyond  the  middle  and  ali^tly  hollowed  thence  to 
the  apex. 

H(A.  Brazil  (Mxta.  Oxon.),  Kio  de  Janeiro  {Fry),  Espirito 
Santo  (Schmidt). 

Four  specimeus  before  me  are  probably  referable  to  this 
species.  They  differ  from  Maklin's  description  in  having 
the  small  rounded  tubercles  preceding  the  setigerous  im- 
pressions placed  on  the  alternate  interstices  1,  3,  5,  and  9, 
mstead  of  on  1,  3,  5,  and  7,  as  stated.  The  tubercles  are 
distributed  along  the  whole  length  of  the  three  dorsal 
iotetstioes  mentioned,  varying  greatly  in  number,  but  on 
the  ninth  they  are  reduced  to  a  short  series  near  the  apex. 
An  elongate  reddish  insect,  with  the  elytra  translucent  green 
or  bluish-green,  the  prothoraz  sometimes  infuscate;  the 
head  broad,  almost  smooth,  unimpressed  between  the  eyes, 
the  latter  large  and  somewhat  distant;  the  antennae 
slender;  the  prothoraz  cordate  (9)  or  oblongo-cordste  (J), 
densely  pimctolate,  with  very  prominent  basal  mai^^n ;  the 
elytra  Imely  putictato-striate,  the  interstices  (except  just 
in  front  of  the  setigerous  impressions)  almost  flat;  the 
femora  and  tibiae  simple  in  (J.  S.  n^tnthorax.  Pic,"  from 
San  Antonio  da  Barra,  Brazil,  seems  to  be  an  allied  fomi 
t>  Melange*  eiot.-entom.  iv,  p.  U  (Sept.  1912). 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lL' 


NeiB  and  little-knoum  Lagriidae.  203 

with  a  subopaque  head  and  prothoraz,  and  black  antennae, 
knees,  tibiae,  and  taisi. 

39.  Stallta  sdntiUans,  n.  sp. 

5.  ElougBto,  tiAiTow,  Tery  shilling;  aeneo-piceous,  the  head, 
uitennM,  and  lege  reddish ;  the  head  and  elytra  with  numeroue  very 
long,  subject  bristly  hairs,  the  antennae  also  setose.  Head  rather 
small, sparsely  pnnotnlate.Iongitndinally  grooved  betweco  the  eyes, 
the  Utter  large  and  narrowly  separated ;  antennae  long,  slender, 
joint  11  extremely  dongate,  about  equalling  3-10  united.  Pro- 
thorax  as  wide  as  the  head,  much  longer  than  broad,  rounded  at  the 
sides,  obliquely  narrowed  from  the  middle  forward,  and  constricted 
before  the  prominent  basal  margin ;  closely,  very  minutely  punctate. 
Elytra  long,  nearly  twice  as  wide  as  the  prothorax,  subparailel  in  their 
basal  half,  flattened  and  uneven  on  tike  disc ;  very  minutely  atriato- 
punotate,  the  interstices  broad,  flat,  1,  3,  S,  7, 9  with  from  six  to  ten 
setigerous  impressions  scattered  between  the  base  and  apex,  the  im- 
pressions each  preceded  by  a  small  tubercle,  these  beooming  slightly 
dongated  towards  the  tip.  I«gB  rather  stout,  the  femora  strongly 
davate,  the  tibiae  slightly  curved  at  the  base. 

Length  7,  breadth  2-2^  mm. 

Hab.  Amazons,  Santarem,  Ega  {H.  W.  Bales). 

Two  males.  A  narrow,  elongate  fonn  related  to  the 
Colombian  S.  mnUuosa,  Makl.,  but  mach  smaller,  with  the 
a]ncal  joint  of  the  (J'-antenna  nearly  half  the  length  of  the 
entile  organ,  and  the  surface  of  the  elvtra  so  uneven  as  to 
appear  scintillate. 

40.  Statlra  sphenoptora,  n.  sp. 

S-  Elongate,  narrow,  attenuate  posteriorly,  rather  dull,  the  elytra 
and  under  surface  shiniiig;  black,  the  elytra  cyaneous  on  the  disc, 
aeneous  at  the  sidea,  the  antennae  (joints  1~3  excepted)  and  legs  (the 
bLack  knees  excepted)  testaceous,  the  abdomen  piceous ;  the  elytra 
with  scattered  long,  erect,  bristly  haiis.  Head  large,  broader  than 
the  prothorax,  deosely,  very  finely  punctate,  t)>e  eyee  extremely 
large,  narrowly  separated  ^  antennae  long,  slender  [joints  10  and  11 
mining).  Prothorax  much  longer  than  broad,  oordate,  strongly  con- 
stricted before  the  raised,  laterally-projecting  basal  margin ;  densely 
nunulely  punctate,  traosverBely  excavate  in  the  centre  at  the  base. 
£lytra  moderately  long,  less  than  twice  the  width  of  the  prothorax, 
narrowing  from  the  base,  unarmed  at  the  tip;  very  finely,  closely, 
puiKtat«4triate,  the  interstices  feebly  convex,  1,  3,  and  6  with  a 


n,g,i,.rjh,G00glc 


204  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

MvieB  of  eight  or  nine  setigerouB  impTcaeioDt,  ench  pieoeded  hy  a 
anudl  tubercle,  scattered  between  the  ba«e  and  apex,  and  9  with 
four  ■mall  tubercles  along  the  apic«l  half.    Legs  long,  slender,  the 
anterior  femora  stonter  than  t^e  others. 
Length  S,  breadth  2  mm. 

ffoi.  Upper  Amazons,  Ega  (ff.  W.  Bates). 

One  male.  A  narrow,  graceful  form,  with  a  black  head 
and  prothorax,  very  large,  subapproximate  evea,  sub- 
cuneiform,  tuberculate,  blue  elytra,  and  long,  flavescent 
legs,  the  black  knees  excepted. 

41.  Statin  sumtnoia. 

Statira  tumiuota,  Makl.,  Ofv.  Finska  Vet.-Soc.  Forh.  xx, 
p.  350  (1878). 

2-  Elongate,  widened  posteriorly,  shining  j  nigro-piceons,  the 
elytra  brilliant  greeniah-aeneous,  the  elytral  depieesions  and  apex 
golden-cupreous  in  certain  lighte,  the  antennae  and  1^  rufo-piceoos ; 
the  elytra  with  a  few  long,  bristly  hairs.  Head  sparsely,  very  findy 
punctate,  longitudinally  depressed  in  the  middle  between  the  eye«, 
the  latter  very  large,  somewhat  narrowly  separated;  antnmae 
sl«ider,  joint  11  equalling  6-10  united.  Prothoraa  a  little  wider 
than  the  head,  about  as  long  as  broad,  moderately  rounded  at  the 
sides,  constricted  before  the  raised  baeal  margin ;  closely,  oon- 
spionously  punctate,  shallowly,  interruptedly  sulcate  down  the 
middle,  and  with  an  oblique  depression  on  each  side  of  the  diao 
posteriorly.  Elytra  long,  widening  to  beyond  the  middle,  twice  oa 
broad  as  the  prothonts,  flattened  on  the  disc  below  the  base,  and 
longitudinally  depieesed  within  the  humeri;  extremely  finely, 
shallowly  atriato-punctate,  the  punctures  becoming  obsolete  towards 
the  apex ;  the  interstices  flat,  1 ,  3,  5,  7,  and  9  each  with  a  scattered 
series  of  small  setigerous  impressions,  most  of  which  are  placed  in 
large,  broad,  shallow,  coalescent  foveae,  the  interspacea  between 
those  on  T  and  9  carinate.    I^egs  long  and  slender. 

Length  12^,  breadth  3J  mm. 

Hab.  CoLOtiBiA  (ex  <M.  F.  Bates). 

One  specimen,  agreeing  well  with  Maklin's  description, 
80  far  as  it  goes.  Recognisable  by  the  bhltiantly  metallic 
uneven  elytra,  with  interruptedly  carinate  seventh  and 
ninth  interstices,  the  cloaely  punctured,  interruptedly  sul- 
cate prothorax,  and  slender  limbs.  The  femora  are  probably 
abraded. 


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New  and  Uule-lmown  Lagriidoe.  205 

42.  Stotirft  ehaloopten,  n.  sp. 

Elongate,  widened  posteriorly,  very  shining  i  lugro-piceoue  or 
black,  the  elytra  brilliant  brassy-green,  partly  cupreous  when  viewed 
in  certain  lighta,  the  lags  rufo-teetaceouB,  the  antennae  ferruginous 
orfnsco-feiTUgiiiouBj  the  elytra  with  a  few  long  bristlj  hairs.  Head 
nther  narrow,  not  wider  than  the  prothorax,  sparsely,  minutely 
punctate,  obsoletely  impressed  in  the  middle  between  the  eyes,  the 
latter  very  large,  somewhat  narrowly  separated;  antennae  long, 
slender,  joint  1 1  in  $  equalling  8-10  united  [broken  of!  in  ,}].  Pro- 
thorax  slightly  longer  than  broad,  rounded  at  the  sides,  moderately 
constricted  before  the  prominent  basal  margin;  sparsely,  minutely 
punctate  (almost  smooth  in  one  example],  with  a  deep,  oblong- 
triangular  excavation  in  the  middle  at  the  base  and  an  oblique  im- 
praesion  on  each  side  of  it  anteriorly.  Elytra  long,  widening  to 
beyond  the  middle  and  there  more  than  twice  the  width  of  the 
prothorax,  tranaversdy  exoavate  below  the  base,  and  also  longitudi- 
nally deprcBsed  within  the  humeri;  extremely  finely,  shallowly 
■triato -punctate,  the  inlentioee  flat,  1,  3,  S,  7  and  9  each  with  a 
Nattered  series  of  small,  shallow,  setigerous  imprwaionB,  the  im- 
pressions on  7  and  9,  and  those  towards  the  apex  of  I,  plaoed  in  large 
shallow  foveae.  Legs  long;  anterior  and  intermediate  femora 
sparsely  oiliate  baneatii. 

Length  lli-12|,  breadth  3t  mm.     ((?$.) 

Hab.  Colombia  {Mm.  Brit.). 

Two  examples,  one  with  the  head  and  prothorax  almost 
smooth.  This  is  a  form  of  S.  sumtuosa,  Makl.,  vith  the 
elytra  deeply  excavate  below  the  base,  the  broad,  shallow, 
foveifonn  depressiona  on  the  disc  restricted  to  the  sides 
and  apex,  and  the  short  carinae  between  them  on  the  inter- 
stices 7  and  9  wanting ;  the  prothorax  deeply  triangularly 
excavate  in  the  middle  at  the  base ;  and  the  legs  wholly 
red. 

43.  SUtira  eaveniosa,  n.  sp. 

$.  Elongate,  depieased,  widened  posteriorly,  shining;  nigio- 
inceouB,  the  elytra  metallic  green,  the  depreasioos,  sides,  and  apex 
aaneo-cupreouB,  the  legs  fusco-oastaneous,  the  mandiblee  nifeacent; 
the  elytra  with  scattered,  erect,  bristly  haiia.  Head  a  little  broader 
than  the  prothorax,  veiy  minutely  punctate,  with  a  shallow  fovea 
in  the  middle  between  the  ejee,  the  latter  moderately  large,  distant ; 
aDtmmae  slender,  moderately  long,  joint  II  equalling  ft  and  10 
nikited.  Prothorax  slightly  longer  than  broad,  narrow,  oblongo- 
eordate,  constricted  before  the  prominent  basal  margin;   closely. 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


206  Mt.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

exoeaaiyely  minuted;  punctate.  Elytn  long,  oomprMHed  below  tbe 
hnmeri,  widaiing  to  bcTCHid  tiie  middle  and  then  three  timw  tiie 
breadth  of  the  piDtborax,  transversely  depressed  below  the  beae. 
Mid  with  a  deep,  oblique  poat-baasil  excsvation ;  minutelj,  sinuoual;, 
strialo-punctat«,  the  interatiocB  dat,  3,  S,  7,  and  0  each  witii  four  or 
five  large,  ahallow,8etigeioua  impreesioDB  on  the  apical  half,l  trans- 
rereely  notched  along  the  sutnte  and  also  with  three  or  four  foveae 
towards  the  tip,  the  larger  impresaions  each  preceded  by  a  small 
tuberele  or  short  carina,  the  carina  on  7  extoiding  uninterruptedly 
forward  to  the  humeral  callus.    Legs  lorkg,  slender,  the  femora 

Length  9^,  breadth  3  mm. 

Hab.  Colombia  (Mus.  Brit.). 

One  specimen,  acquired  in  1847.  Xear  S.  imprestipenms, 
Makl.,  with  a  narrower,  oblong,  smoother  prothoraz,  smaller 
eyes,  and  very  minutely  striato-punctate,  uneven  elytra, 
the  large  shallow  setigeious  impiessiona  on  the  apical  half 
diverting  the  linear  arrangement  of  the  striae,  the  spaces 
between  the  impressions  interruptedly  carinate  or  catenu- 
late.     S.  sumtuoea  ia  an  alUed  larger  insect. 

44.  SUtira  Impresripennls. 

Statira  impreanpennie,  Makl.,  Ofv.  Finska  Vet.-Soc.  FSrh. 
XX,  p.  351  (1878). 

Elongate,  depressed,  widened  posteriorly,  rery  shining;  nigro- 
pioeous,  the  head  and  prothoraz  with  an  aeneous  lostre,  the  elytra 
metallic  green,  brassy  at  the  tip,  the  tarsi  and  joint  1 1  of  the  antennae 
fraruginous ;  the  elytra  with  numerous  very  long,  erect,  bristly  hairs. 
Head  narrower  than  the  prothorax,  sparsely,  finely  punctate,  deeply 
foveate  in  the  middle  betweai  the  eyee.  the  latter  very  large,  some- 
what narrowly  separated;  antennae  slender,  rather  short,  joint  11 
equalling  8-10  united.  Prothotax  not  longer  than  broad,  rounded 
at  the  sides,  constricted  before  the  prominent  bssal  margin ;  some- 
what closely,  finely  punctate.  Elytra  very  long,  twice  as  broad  as 
the  prothorax,  widening  to  beyond  the  middle,  broadly  depttesed 
for  some  distance  below  the  base ;  closely,  very  finely,  aballowly, 
punetato-striate  throughout,  the  intetstices  flat,  1  (except  along 
median  third),  3,  5,  and  d  with  numerous  Betigerous  impressions 
scattered  between  the  base  and  apex,  9  interruptedly  coetate  pc«- 
teriorly.  Legs  very  long,  slender ;  anterior  and  intermediate  femora 
finely  eiliate  beneath;  tibiae  pilose  within. 

Length  lOi,  breadth  3i  nun.    ($1) 


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Nea  and  UtHe-known  Lagriidae.  207 

Hab.  GoLOHBU  (Mils.  Brit.). 

One  specimen,  almost  certainly  referable  to  S.  impressi- 
pennis,  Makl.,  the  type  of  which  was  found  by  Steinheil  in 
the  same  country.  It  is  related  to  his  S.  aumiuoia  and 
other  Colombian  fonns. 

45.  StaUra  eapeovirfdls,  n.  ap. 

Elongate,  ntber  narrow,  depresaed,  ahining;  black  with  an 
aeneotu  lostre,  th«  dytra  brilliantly  metallia  green  or  golden-greoi 
at  the  base,  cnpreons  from  tiie  middle  onwaida,  the  anUnnal  joints 
4—11  obeoore  ferrugiiKins,  the  tarai  rnfo-teetaceous ;  the  elytra  and 
abdomen  with  a  few  long  bristly  hain.  Head  small,  not  wider  than 
the  prothoraz,  very  spaisely,  finely  pnnctate,  de^ly  foveate  in  the 
middle  between  the  eyes,  the  latter  larg«,  separated  by  about  half 
the  width  of  one  of  them;  anteonae  atender,  joint  11  in  $  [that  of 
^  wanting]  sli^tly  longer  than  S--10  united.  Fiothoraz  narrow, 
longer  than  broad,  obliquely  narrowed  anteriorly,  and  deeply  con- 
stricted before  the  prominent  basal  ma^in ;  sparsely,  minutely  punc- 
tate, depressed  in  the  middle  at  the  base.  Elytra  long,  flattened, 
more  than  twice  the  width  of  the  prothorax,  subparallel  in  their 
basal  half,  the  biuneri  prominent  and  with  a  deep  oblique  depreasiaa ; 
very  finely  striata -punctate,  the  interstices  broad,  flat,  feebly  convex 
at  the  apex,  3  with  five  or  six  widely  aoatterod,  5  and  7  each  with 
two  on  the  apical  half,  and  9  with  one  at  the  middle,  setigerous  im- 
piessions,  each  of  which  is  placed  in  a  large  shallow  fovea,  9  also 
widi  lOTeral  other  impressions  towards  the  tip.  Le^  long,  slender, 
anterior  femora  feebly  clavate. 

Uaglh  9H01>  bieadth  3-3}  mm.    (3%) 

Bab.  Peru,  Chanchamayo  {ex  coU.  F.  Boies). 

One  pur,  the  tip  of  the  antennae  wanting  in  one  of  them. 
AbiiUiantlv  metaUic  insect  allied  to  the  Colombian  S.  sum- 
tuota.  Maid.,  with  a  narrower  head  and  prothorax,  differ- 
ently sctdptuied  elytra,  and  ruio-teataceoua  tarsi.  The 
large  shallow  foveae  on  the  apical  half  of  the  el3i^ra  give 
an  uneven  appearance  to  the  surface;  the  general  shape 
is  hke  that  of  an  Agra,  fam.  Carabidae. 

46.  Stattra  viglntlpunetata,  n.  sp. 
Elongate,  widened  posteriorly,  shining;  black,  the  elytra  metallic 
green,  cupreous  at  the  sides  and  apex,  the  antennae  (exoept  at  the 
base)  obscDie  femiginons,  the  legs  nigro-piceoue ;  the  elytra  with 
a  few  Tery  long  bristly  hairs.  Head  small,  cloaely,  finely  punctate, 
tlie  eyes  moderately  large,  distant;    antennae  slender,  joint  11 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


208  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

Bqnalliiig  S-IO  united.  Prothorax  about  ae  nide  aa  tlie  head,  con- 
iidfliably  longer  than  broad,  oblongoHx>rdBte,  ooiutricted  heton 
the  moderately  raised  basal  margin ;  closely,  finely  punctate.  Elytra 
long,  widening  to  bejrond  the  middle  and  t^ere  more  than  twice  the 
width  of  the  ptothomx,  flattened  below  the  base;  oloeely,  finely 
punctatO'Striate  throughout,  the  intersticce  almost  flat,  convex  at 
the  tip,  3  with  six,  and  6  with  four,  rather  large,  deep,  setigerons 
impresBions  scattered  between  the  base  and  apex,  9  also  with  two 
smaller  impressions  towards  the  tip.  Legs  long;  anterior  femora 
moderately  ctavate. ' 
Length  9},  breadth  3  mm.    ($  T) 

Hab.  Peru,  Chanchamayo  (ex  coil.  F.  Bates). 
One  specimen.  Differs  from  S.  cupreoviridia,  from  the 
same  locality,  in  having  the  elytra  shorter,  less  brilliantly 
coloured,  punctato-striate  to  the  apex,  and  with  the 
setigerouB  impressions  smaller,  deeper,  and  otherwise 
arranged,  the  head  and  prothoiax  closely  punctate,  the 
tarsi  infuscate.  The  sharply-defined  elytral  foveae  are 
suggestive  of  those  of  various  species  of  the  Carabid-genus 
Pterostickus. 

47.  StKflra  semienprsa,  d.  sp. 
Elongate,  widaied  posteriorly,  somewhat  robust,  shining ;  piceous, 
the  elytra  aeneoos  at  the  base,  the  oolour  ohaitging  to  cupreous 
from  about  the  basal  thiid  onwards,  the  cupreous  coloration  enclosing 
an  oblong  green  patch  on  the  disc  near  the  tip ;  the  elytia  with  a  tew 
long  bristly  hairs.  Head  short,  barely  as  wide  as  the  prothorax, 
closely,  finely  punctate,  the  eyes  large,  distant;  aoterinae  moder- 
ately long,  slender  [tip  broken  off].  Prothorax  transverse,  rounded 
at  the  sides,  deeply  constricted  before  the  prominent  basal  margin; 
closely,  finely  punctate.  Elytra  long,  broad,  more  than  twice  tha 
breadth  of  the  prothorax,  gradually  widened  to  the  middle,  and 
somewhat  acuminate  posteriorly;  very  finely,  closely  striato- 
punctate,  the  int«rstices  broad,  flat,  3  with  four  or  five,  and  6  with 
three,  large  setigerous  impreasions  towards  the  apex,  9  also  with 
a  aeries  of  impressions  down  the  apical  half,  the  interspaces  between 
them  cariniform.  Anterior  femora  moderately  olavate. 
Length  11^,  bit^th  3}  mm.  ($T) 
Hab.  Pebu,  Chanchamayo  (ex  cdl.  F.  Bates). 
One  specimen.  Larger  than  the  Central  American 
S.  glabrata,  Makl.,  with  more  elongate,  smoother,  partly 
cupreous,  apically  foveolate  elytra,  more  slender  antennae, 
a  less  constricted  prothorax,  simple  anterior  femora,  etc. 


n,g,t,7rJM,GOOglC 


New  and  liaIe-]cnoti>n  Lagritdae.  209 

The  elytral  sculpture  is  rather  like  that  of  S.  cupreoviridu, 
the  lai^  eetigetons  impres^oiiB,  however,  in  the  present 
species  are  mostly  placed  near  the  apex. 

48.  Statin  splendleans. 

$.  Siatira  apletidicatis,  Makl.,  Act.  Soc.  Fenn.  vii,  p.  151 
(1862). 
Vetylike S.  mkant,  HaJcl.  (No.  29),  the  altenwtd elytral  inWrsticee 
not  catenulate  towards  the  apcE,  I,  3.  and  5  with  a  scattered  series 
of  aetigeroiis  impreaaioiiB,  those  on  7  wanting,  S  witii  two  or  thiee 
impieeaions  near  the  tip;  head  a  little  broader,  the  inter-ocolar 
grooveonly  just  indicated,  the  eyes  men  distant;  antenna!  joint  II 
in  J  oqualling  7-10,  in  $  8-10,  onited ;  legs  slender,  simple  in  i^ ; 
aedeagua  slender,  thickened  and  slightly  hooked  at  the  tip  above. 

ffoi,  Brazil  {Mus.  Oxon.),  Constancia  {J.  Gray  and  H. 
Clark,  Jan.  1857),  Rio  de  Janeiro  {Fry),  Minas  Geraes 
(Mus.  Oxon.). 

Two  males  and  four  females  seen. 

49.  Stittrs  TOtundieollls,  n.  sp. 
Uoderatelj  elongate,  somewhat  robust,  shining;  piceoos,  the 
bead  and  prothoraz  with  on  aeneous  lustre,  the  elytra  brassy,  the 
antennae  obscure  ferruginous,  the  elytra  with  a  few  long,  bristly 
hairs.  Head  about  as  wide  as  the  prothorax,  almost  smootli,  a 
tianaverse  foveate  depression  between  the  eyes  excepted,  the  latter 
iatge,  distant;  antennae  slender,  joint  11  nearly  as  long  as  7-10 
onited.  Prothoraz  convex,  about  as  broad  as  long.  atroDgty 
rounded  at  the  aides,  deeply  constricted  before  the  prominent  basal 
margin;  sparsely,  very  minutely  punctate.  Elytra  long,  twice 
as  broad  as  the  prothorax,  gradually  widened  to  the  middle,  and 
somewhat  acuminate  posteriorly;  closely,  finely,  deeply  punctato- 
striate,  the  interstices  becoming  more  convex  towards  the  apex, 
3  with  five,  and  S  witb  three  or  four,  widely  scattered,  setigerous 
impressions,  7  also  with  one  at  the  shoulder  and  9  with  two  impres' 
■ions  near  the  tip.    Anterior  femora  clavate;  anterior  tibiae  feebly 

Length  8^,  breadth  2|  mm.     {^  T) 

Hab.  Colombia,  Bogota  {Mus.  Brit.). 

One  spedmen.  Narrower  than  the  Central  American 
8.  ^abrata,  Makl.,  the  prothorax  not  wider  than  the  head, 
the    anterior  femora   unarmed,   the   elytra   more   deeply 

TRANS.  ENT.  SOC,  LOND.  1917. — PART  I.      (NOV.)  P 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Cookie 


210  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

striate,  with  the  interstices  convex  at  the  apex.  More 
shining  than  S.  jmncticeps  (No.  53),  the  head  and  pro- 
thorax  almost  smooth,  the  tatter  deeply  constricted  before 
the  base. 

60.  Statin  dlviu,  n.  sp. 

Elongate,  d«pieeeed,  widened  poetesnotij,  very  Hhining ;  ofaecuie 
teetMMOOB,  the  hwd,  antennae,  and  palpi  in  great  part  pioeons;  the 
djtta  of  a  brilliMit  braaay  tint,  ting^Bd  with  cupteons  lUong  the 
inferior  maigin,  the  autnn  tMtaoeoiu  throughout,  the  teataoeoui 
ooloration  gradoallj  becoming  more  extended  towaids  the  apex; 
tiie  elytra  with  a  few  long  bristly  hairs.  Head  about  aa  wide  u 
the  piothorax,  eporedy,  minutely  pnnctete,  ahallowly  'loveate  in 
the  middle  between  the  eyee,  the  latter  moderately  large,  distant: 
antennae  long,  alaider,  joint  11  barely  the  length  of  8-10  united. 
Prothoraz  about  aa  broad  as  long,  rounded  at  the  aides,  constricted 
before  the  raised  basal  margin ;  very  sparsely,  obeoletely  punctulate. 
Elytra  long,  widening  t«  beyond  the  middle,  and  there  more  thu 
twice  the  width  of  the  pro  thorax,  subacuminate  post«riorly,  depieseed 
below  the  bsse,  and  with  oa  oblique  intra-humeial  depression: 
closely,  minutflty  punctato-atriate,  the  sutural  stria  deeply  im- 
pressed at  the  apex,  the  interstices  flat,  3  with  about  eight,  S  wi  th  fonr 
or  five,  and  9  wi^  numerous,  deep  setigerous  impressions  scattered 
throughout  their  length,  and  1  with  two  small  impressions  near 
the  tip.     Legs  long,  slender,  the  femora  glabrous. 

Length  8^,  breadth  3  mm.    ($  T) 

Hob.  Venkzuela  (Dyson,  in  Mm.  Bnt.). 

One  specimen,  somewhat  immature  and  discoloured, 
but  otherwise  perfect,  acquired  in  1847.  Smaller  than 
the  Colombian  S.  impressipennis,  Makl.,  the  piothorax 
narrower,  the  elytra  testaceous  along  the  suture,  with  fewer 
setigerous  impressions  on  the  disc,  the  femora  gtabioiu 
( ?  abraded),  etc.  The  numerous  deep  impressions  scattered 
along  the  whole  length  of  the  ninth  elytral  interatice  is  a 
marked  feature  of  the  present  species.  The  much  larger 
;S.  nubeculosa,  Makl.  (length  13  mm.),  from  Colombia,  also 
has  a  Butural  stripe. 

51.  Statlra  dUnta.  n.  sp. 

Elongate,  shining;    piceous  or  mfo-castaneous,  the  antennas 

and  legs  paler,  the  femora  slightly  infusoate,  the  elytra  with  s 

cupreous  or  greenish  lustre,  the  latter  with  a  few  bristly  bain 

towaids  the  apex.    Head  as  brood  as  the  prothorax,  sparsely,  wj 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lc 


Hew  and  little-knoim  Lagriidae.  211 

minntelr  puncUt^  with  eevtnJ  ooaner  panctona  between  the 
ofM,  tbe  bttot  modentely  large,  diatant;  antaDnae  almder,  long, 
joint  11  nesitj  or  qait«  eqnaJling  8-10  nnitcd.  Frothor&x  aboat  as 
Intg  aa  broad,  romtded  at  the  sidea,  deeplj  ocmstrioted  before  tbe 
raised  basal  nuugin;  apandy,  very  minnteij  ponotate.  Eljrtn 
long,  flattened  on  the  disc,  twice  aa  broad  aa  tbe  protborax,  grada&Dy 
widened  to  the  middle,  and  somewhat  aonminate  poaterioriy; 
doeely,  finely,  shallowly  punctAto-Btriate  to  the  tip,  the  inlerstices 
broad,  fiat,  3,  6,  7,  and  9  each  with  from  two  to  fooi  eetigeioDB 
impraesiona  on  tbe  apical  half  (those  on  7  wanting  in  one  specimen). 
Length  9i-10i,  breadth  3-31  !»)>>• 

Hab.  EcoABOB,  Macas  (SuoU^). 

Three  Epecimens,  possibly  including  the  two  sexes. 
Near  the  Venezuelan  S.  divisa,  the  elytra  uniformly  cotouied, 
simply  flattened  on  the  disc,  the  setigerous  impressions  on 
the  inteistices  3,  5,  and  9  fewer  in  number  and  mostly 
placed  near  the  apex.  The  much  smoother,  polished 
prothorax  separat«s  S.  dUula  from  S.  UUtrdlis  (No.  71), 
timonis,  aufffisa  (No.  72),  caeruUotincta  (No.  59),  etc.; 
and  ita  larger  size  and  more  elongate  elytra  from  S. 
tran^ludda  (No.  56). 


52.  Statfrs  slmonls. 
Statira  nmonis,  Fairm.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Pr.  1892,  p.  95. 

Elongate,  somewhat  depressed,  widened  posteriorly,  shining; 
nifo-testaoeouB,  the  eyes  black,  the  elytra  with  a  faint  brassy  lustre, 
(he  tatter  with  a  few  long  bristly  hairs.  Head  not  so  broad  as  the 
proUiorax  lOlosely.  piinotulate,  transversely  impiessed  between  the 
eyes,  the  btt«r  moderately  large,  distant;  antenns«  slender,  long, 
joint  11  not  quite  equalling  S-10  united.  Prothorax  a  little  broader 
than  long,  moderately  rounded  at  the  sides,  deeply  constricted 
before  the  raised  basal  margin;  densely,  finely  punctate,  transversely 
grooved  on  each  side  of  the  disc  just  behind  the  middle,  the  basal 
groove  complete.  Elytra  long,  twice  the  breadth  of  tbe  prothorax, 
widening  to  b^ond  tbe  middle,  the  sides  arcuately  oonvet^ing 
thence  to  the  apex;  closely,  very  finely  stria  to -punotate,  the  inter- 
stioea  broad  and  fiat  thronghont,  3  with  six  (scattered  betweoi 
the  base  and  apex),  6  with  four  (on  the  apical  half),  and  9  with  three 
(towards  the  apex),  large,  deep  setigerous  impressions.  AaUaioz 
femora  moderately  olavate. 

Length  10,  breadth  3^  nun.    ($t) 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


212  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

Hah.  VEiTBZtmLA  {Dyson).  San  Eeteban,  Colonia  Tovar 
{Simon :   type). 

One  specimen,  acquired  by  the  Museum  in  1847,  agre^g 
with  the  description  of  S.  simonis,  Fairm.  Neat  S.  iateralu, 
Makl.  (as  here  identified),  and  separable  therefrom  by  the 
broader,  laterally-grooved  prothoraz,  and  the  very  finely, 
shallowly  striato-punctate  elytra,  the  interaticeB  of  which 
are  fiat  throughout,  3,  5,  and  9  with  a  few  large  deep 
Betigerous  impressions.  S.  divisa  from  Venezuela,  S. 
caendeolinaa,  from  Colombia  (No.  59),  and  S.  testacea  and 
S.  ameotincta,  from  Central  America,  are  also  alUed  fonns. 

53.  Statira  functieeps,  n.  sp. 

Moderately  elongate,  niUTOV,  feebly  shining ;  greenish  .aeneoiu, 
theontennae,  legs,  and  undersurfaceingreat  part  or  wholly  pieeona; 
the  head  and  elytra  with  scattered  long,  erect,  pallid,  bristly  liain. 
Head  rather  small,  somewhat  coarsely,  closely  punctate,  smoother 
in  the  middle  between  the  eyea,  the  latter  large  and  well  separated; 
antennae  slender,  long,  shorter  in  $,  joint  11  in  <}  about  equalling 
7-10,  in  $  barely  as  long  as  8-10.  united.  Prothorax  obtong,  longer 
than  broad,  as  wide  as  the  head,  constricted  before  the  base,  t^e 
basal  margin  moderately  raised;  closely,  conspicuously  punctate, 
without  trace  of  median  channel,  the  interspaces  alutaoeous. 
Et]rtrs  rather  long,  about  twice  as  broad  as  the  prothorax,  sub- 
parallel  at  the  base;  closely,  finely,  rather  deeply  punctata-striate, 
the  intersticee  becoming  oodtcx  towanls  the  apex,  3  with  six  or 
serai,  and  5  with  four  or  five,  setigerous  impressions  scattered 
between  the  base  and  apex,  9  also  with  two  impressions  near  the  tip. 
Anterior  femora  strongly  clavate. 

Var.  a.  Antennae  (joints  1  and  2  excepted)  rufo- testaceous,     (o-) 

Var.  ^.  Prothorax  and  abdomen  rufo-piceouB,  \egi  and  antennae 
(joints  1  and  2  excepted)  rufo -testaceous.     ($.) 

Var.  y.  Prothorax,  a  large  apical  patch  on  the  elytra  extending 
narrowly  up  the  suture  to  the  base,  antennae  (joints  I  and  2  ex- 
cepted), legs,  and  under  surface  ferruginous  or  rufo -testaceous,    (o-) 

Length  7-fl,  breadth  2-3  mm.    (,J?.) 

H<A.  Brazil,  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Fry),  Conatancia  {J.  Gray 
and  H.  Clark.  Jan.  1857 :   type). 

Four  males  and  two  females,  certainly  belonging  to  one 
variable  species,  the  darker  eitamples  ((J$)  selected  as  tyjKB. 
More  elongate  than  the  equally  variable  S.  incoratmu. 
Champ.,  from  Central  America,  the  elytra  subparallel  in 
male,  the  head  and  prothorax  closely,  conspicuously  punc- 


ihyCOOl^lC 


New  and  liiie-knovm  Lagriidae.  213 

tate,  the  eyes  larger  and  more  approximate.  The  longer 
elytra,  with  deeper  striae  and  more  numerous  setigerous  im- 
pressions, the  more  coarsely  pnnctured  head  and  prothorax, 
the  1att«r  without  trac«  of  median  groove,  easily  separate 
S-  puncticeps  from  S.  sericea  (No.  65).  The  colour  of  the 
antennae  and  Legs  proves  to  be  of  no  value  as  a  speofic 
character  in  the  present  species.  S.  fiavkomis,  Makl., 
must  be  a  very  (fifferent  insect. 

54.  Statin  gritlosa. 

Statira  gratiosa,  Makl.,  Ofv.  Finska  Vet.-Soc.  Forh,  xx, 
p.  353  (1878). 

S.  Elongate,  narrow,  ghining;  rufo-castaneoue,  the  antauae 
(joint  11  excepted)  and  upper  surface  darker,  the  elytra  brilliant 
violaceo-cupteooB,  metallic  grerai  along  the  Buture  and  at  the  sides, 
the  green  colontion  extending  across  the  base.  Head  smalt,  not 
wider  than  the  prothorax,  coanelj,  cloeelj  punctate,  smoother  in 
front,  the  eyes  moderately  large  and  separated  by  about  half  the 
width  of  one  of  them;  antennae  rather  slender,  joint  11  extremely 
dongate,  about  eqnalling  4-10  united.  Prothorax  longer  than  broad, 
oblongo-cordate,  as  wide  as  the  bead,  constricted  before  the  rather 
prominent  basal  margin ;  ctoaelj,  conspicuously  punctate.  Elytra 
moderately  l<mg,  twice  as  wide  as  the  prothorax,  subparallel  at  the 
base,  narrowing  from  before  the  middle  to  the  apex,  the  intra- 
humeral  depression  oblong,  deep;  minutely  striate- punctate,  the 
pnDctureH  becoming  still  smaller  towards  the  tip,  the  interstices 
qnite  flat  throughout,  3  with  sis  large,  shallow  setigerous  impressions 
scattered  between  the  base  and  apex,  9  with  two  smaller  impiesaions 
near  the  tip.  Legs  sparsely  pilose;  femora  oiliate  with  long  haira 
beneath,  the  anterior  pair  strongly  clavate. 

Length  TJ.  breadth  2^  mm. 

Hab.  Colombia  (Mus.  Brit.,  ex  coll.  F.  Bales], 
One  male,  assumed  to  be  referable  to  Maklin's  S.  gratiosa ; 
but  as  the  author  does  not  mention  the  sculpture  of  the 
head  and  form  of  the  antennae,  and  describes  the  body  as 
black  (an  unimportant  character),  the  identification  is 
not  altogether  certain.  S.  cupripainis,  also  found  by 
Hteinheil  in  Colombia,  is  said  to  have  similarly  cupreous 
and  golden-green  elytra,  with  setigerous  impressions  on  the 
interstices  3,  5,  and  7,  an  almost  smooth  prothorax,  etc. 
The  specimen  here  described  is  one  of  two  Colombian 
insects  from  the  F.  Bates  collection  labelled  "  S.  mridi- 
pennis,  Dej,,"  a  name  used  by  Serville  for  a  very  difieient 


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214  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

Brazilian  fotm.  The  present  species  is  nearly  allied  to 
the  Central-American  S.  variabilis.  Champ.,  which  has 
ciliat«  ant«rior  femora  in  both  sezee. 

55.  SUtlm  dejeani,  n.  sp. 

Slalyra  viridipennis,  Dej.  Cat.,  3rd  edit.,  p.  236  (1837) 
(nee  Serv.). 

,J.  Elongate,  narrow,  ahiiJng ;  castaneous,  the  elytra  tranBlucent 
metallic  green,  except  along  the  auture  posteriorly.  Head  clceelj, 
rather  coarsely  punctate,  the  eyes  large  and  somewhat  narrowly 
separated;  antennae  with  joint  11  neariy  equalling  4-10  united. 
Prothorax  considerably  longer  than  broad,  oblongo-cordate,  the 
basal  margin  raised;  closely,  conspicuously  punctate.  Elytra 
moderately  long,  narrowing  from  the  middle,  the  oblong  intra- 
humeral  depression  shallow ;  closely,  rather  finely  punctata -striate, 
the  Butural  stria  deeply  impressed  posteriorly,  the  inteistices  flat, 
3  with  five  widely  separated  deep  setigerous  impreBBioiiB  scattered 
betweoi  the  base  and  apex,  9  also  with  two  smaller  impressions 
towards  the  tip.    Femora  sparsely  ciliate,  the  anterior  pair  olavate. 

Length  7},  breadth  2^  mm. 

Hob.  Colombia,  Carthagena  (ex  coU.  F.  Bates). 

One  male,  from  the  Dejean  collection,  and  included 
by  him  under  S.  viridip&inis.  Extremely  like  S.  gratiosa, 
but  with  the  elytra  translucent  metallic  green  (except  along 
a  common  elongate  space  on  the  disc  posteriorly),  more 
coarsely  punctato-striate,  and  with  the  similarly-placed 
setigerous  impressions  deeper  and  less  extended  laterally; 
the  prothorax  longer,  and  less  rounded  at  the  sides ;  and 
the  head  a  little  more  sparsely  punctured;  the  eleventh 
antennal  joint  slightly  shorter.  S.  terminalis,  Makl., 
must  be  similarly  coloured. 

56.  Statira  trausliidda,  n.  sp. 
Moderately  elongate,  widened  posteriorly,  shining ;  ruf  o-teetaceous, 
the  eyes  blaok,  the  palpi  sometimes  more  or  lees  inf  uacate,  the  elytra 
(the  epipleura  excepted)  suffused  with  green  or  golden-green,  the 
latter  with  a  few  long,  erect,  bristly  hairs.  Head  sparsely,  minutely 
punctate,  obsoletely  foveate  in  the  middle  between  the  eyas,  the 
latter  distant,  moderately  large;  antennae  rather  sIraideT,  joint  II 
in  j  nearly  as  long  as  8-10  united,  in  $  a  little  shorter.  Prothorax 
almoet  or  quite  as  wide  as  the  head,  about  as  broad  as  long,  cordate, 
strongly  constricted  before  the  prominent  hind  oitgles,  the  basal 


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New  and  lHUe-lcnovm  Lagriidaf.  215 

BMrpn  feebly  isised ;  apandy,  minDtdy  punctata.  Elytn  modB'- 
aMj  long,  twice  u  btoad  as  the  prothoiftx,  wideoed  to  the  middki, 
and  mpkUy  lufrowed  thence  to  the  somewhat  oonminate  apex, 
trMMToraoly  dapreeaed  below  the  base;  cloaely,  finely  punctato- 
■triate,  the  intenticn  beconting  convex  towards  the  apex,  3  witii 
'  from  five  to  eight,  and  6  and  9  with  foor  or  five  setigeions  impna- 
aions  {those  on  3  and  5  scattered  between  the  base  and  apex),  1 
also  with  one  or  two  impressions  near  the  tip. 
Lengtii  «{-71,  breadth  21-21  mm.    ((}$.) 

Hab.  Brazil  (Mua.  Oxon.),  Rio  de  Janeiro  [type]  (Fry), 
PetiopoliB  {J.  Gray  and  H.  Clark,  Jao.  1857),  Eapirito 
Santo  (Degcourtils). 

Nine  apedmena  seen,  inclading  the  three  in  the  Oxfoid 
HoBeoin.  A  rather  amall,  mfo-testaceous  form,  with  dilute 
golden-green  or  green,  very  shining  elytra,  which  in  both 
sexea  are  widened  towards  the  middle  and  acuminate 
posteriorly,  slender  antennae,  and  a  relatively  narrow 
head  and  prothorax.  Maklin's  description  of  S.  svbaenea, 
from  Santa  Catbarina,  nearly  appUes  to  the  present  insect ; 
but  the  former  is  said  to  have  the  head  shallowly,  longi- 
tudinally foveate  between  the  eyes,  the  basal  margin  of 
the  prothorax  moderately  raised,  the  elytra  linear  or  very 
feebly  widening  in  their  basal  two-thirds,  and  the  five 
setigerons  impressions  on  their  third  interatice  restricted 
to  the  apical  half.  S.  cupreolincta.  Champ.,  from  Panama, 
is  a  larger  and  more  elongate  insect,  with  a  wider  pro- 
thorax  and  less  uniformly  coloured  elytra,  the  latter  with 
much  larger  setigerous  impressions. 

57.  Stadia  sabglabrata,  n.  sp. 

Moderately  dongate,  widened  posteriorly,  shining ;  ru{o -testaceous 
or  testaceous,  the  eyee  black,  the  elytra  aeneo-piceous,  the  latter 
almost  gkbrotu.  Head  spanely,  minutely  punctate,  the  eyes 
moderately  large,  distant;  anteimae  rather  stout,  comparatively 
short,  joint  11  not  or  very  little  longer  than  9  and  10  united.  Pro- 
thorax  as  wide  SB  the  head,  about  as  long  as  broad,  cordate,  slightly 
dilated  at  the  base,  the  basal  margin  feebly  raised;  spaiaely, 
minatdy  punctate,  findy,  obsoletely  canaliculate  on  the  disc 
aaterioTly.  Elytra  not  very  elongate,  in  their  widest  part  twice  as 
bioad  aa  the  prothorax,  gradually  dilated  to  the  middle,  and  arouately 
narrowed  posteriorly ;  closely,  finely  punctate -striate,  the  inter- 
■ticee  feebly  convex,  3  with  three  or  four  widely  scattered  setigerous 


ll,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


216  ,     Hi.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

impreasiona  aJong  their  apical  half,  and  9  usually  with  one  or  tvo 
impTOBaions  near  the  tip. 

Length  4^-6},  breadth  21-21  mm.    (<;$.) 

Hob.  Amazons,  Ega,  Santarem  [type]  {H.  W.  Boies]. 

Seven  examples,  including  three  males  with  the  aedeagus 
partly  exposed.  This  insect  is  of  about  the  same  size  and 
shape  as  S.  viridicincta  (No.  96),  differing  from  it  in  having 
uniformly  aeneo-piceous  elytra,  with  the  setigeious  impres- 
sions OQ  the  disc  reduced  to  three  or  four  on  the  apical 
half  of  the  third  interstice,  shorter  and  stouter  antennae, 
with  the  terminal  joint  not  much  longer  than  9  and  10 
united  in  (S,  and  an  obsoletely  canaliculate  piothorax. 

58.  Statira  caliensls,  d.  sp. 
Moderately  elongate,  depremed,  Bhining ;  aeneo-piceous  or  rufo- 
ptoeoua  with  an  aeneous  lustre;  the  elytra  with  a  few  long,  erect, 
bristly  hairs.  H«ad  sparsely,  very  minutely  panctale,  transversely 
depreesed  between  the  eyes,  the  hitter  lai^  and  well  separated; 
antennae  long,  rather  Bt«ut,  joint  11  in  (J  as  long  as  7-10,  in  $  the 
length  of  8-10,  united.  Prothorax  in  (J  as  hroad  as,  in  $  broader 
than,  the  head,  not  so  long  as  wide,  subcordate,  strongly  constricted 
before  the  base,  the  basal  margin  prominent  and  laterally  projecting; 
rather  sparsely,  minutely  punctate.  Elytra  moderately  long,  at 
the  middle  twice  as  broad  as  the  protliorax,  gradually  widened  in 
their  basal  half;  closely,  finely  crenato-striate,  the  interstices  be- 
coming convex  towards  the  sides  and  apex,  3  and  6  with  soattered 
conspicuous  eetigerous  impressions  along  their  entire  length,  7  also 
with  one,  and  9  with  two  or  three,  near  the  apex.    L^s  lather 

Length  S^9,  breadth  2^-3  mm.    (3^.) 

Hab.  W.  Colombia,  Call  (Rosenberg). 

One  pair.  Near  S.  laieralie,  Makl.  (No.  71),  as  here 
understood  but  aeneo-piceous  in  colour,  the  antennae 
stouter,  and  the  el^'tra  with  a  scattered  row  of  setig«Y>u8 
impressions  along  the  interstices  3  and  5  from  the  base  to 
the  apex. 

59.  SUOm  oaeruleotineta,  n.  sp. 

Elongate,  somewhat  robust,  moderately  shining;  castaneous,  the 
riytra  with  a  translucent  bluish  lustre  on  thedisc,  the  colour  changing 
to  brassy  towards  the  sidee  and  apex ;  the  elytra  with  a  few  bristly 
hairs.    Head  nearly  as  broad  as  the  prothorax,  sparsely,  minotdy 


u„,,i,Aji^,Coot5lc 


New  and  liUle-knovm  Lagriidae.  317 

punctste,  the  eyes  Ui^,  aomewbtit  distant;  antannae  long,  Blender, 
joint  II  «a  long  as  7-10  united.  Protboraz  rather  broad,  about  u 
long  M  wide,  rounded  at  the  eidea,  constricted  before  the  prominent 
lateratty -projecting  baaal  margin ;  closely,  minutely  punctate. 
Elytra  long,  broad,  slightly  widening  to  the  middle,  about  twice  as 
wide  as  the  prothorai,  somewhat  acuminate  at  the  tip;  closely, 
finely  puncta  to -striate,  the  interstices  flat,  3  with  four  or  five  deep 
setigerous  impressions  scatteied  along  the  apical  half,  and  fi  and  9 
also  with  two  or  three  otheis  towards  the  tip,  3  and  5  subcatenulate 
posteriorly.  Anterior  femora  clavate,  bare. 
Length  9i,  breadth  3  mm.    (St) 

Hab.  CoLOMBU  (Mwt.  Brit.,  ex  coU.  F.  Soies). 

One  specimeD,  from  an  old  French  collection.  Not  onlike 
the  Brazilian  S.  rrtfa  and  S.  mfifrons,  Makl.,  the  elytra 
bluish  OD  the  disc,  the  setigeroue  impressions  fewer  in 
nombei  (wanting  on  the  seventh  interstice),  the  head  not 
sulcate  as  in  ;S.  rufifrons,  the  head  and  prothorax  formed 
nnich  as  in  S.  laticollis.  The  Mexican  S.  caeruleipennis, 
Champ.,  is  somewhat  similarly  coloured. 

60.  Statin  puietlooUls,  n.  sp. 
Moderately  elongate,  shining;  reddish -brown,  the  femora  paler 
ftt  the  base,  the  eyes  block;  the  elytra  with  a  faint  metallic  lustre, 
and  bearing  a  few  bristly  hairs.  Head  broad,  sparsely,  minutely 
punctate,  with  a  shallow  fovea  between  the  eyes,  an  oblong  depres- 
siott  in  front  of  this,  and  a  deep  fovea  ('/accidental)  on  the  epistoma, 
the  eyee  very  large,  narrowly  separated;  antennae  moderately 
long,  tatber  stout,  joint  11  nearly  equalling  7-10  united.  Prothorax 
•a  wide  as  the  head,  not  longer  than  broad,  subquadnite,  strongly 
ccoutricted  before  the  base,  the  basal  margin  raised ;  closely,  very 
finely  punctate,  the  interspaces  polished.  Elytra  moderately  long, 
•t  the  middle  twice  as  wide  as  the  prothorax,  somewhat  acuminate 
posteriorly;  closely,  finely  punctato-striate,  the  striae  deeply  im- 
piesMd  at  the  apex,  the  interstices  flat  on  the  disc,  3  and  6  with 
from  six  to  eight  small  setigerous  impressions  scattered  throughout 
tbeu-  Imgtb,  9  also  with  two  othera  near  the  tip. 
Length  7},  breadth  2^  mm.    (£!) 

H<A.  Amazons  {H.  W.  Batea). 

One  specimen,  exact  locality  not  given  on  the  label. 
Near  the  variable  S.  muUiformis,  Champ.,  from  Central 
America,  S.  insularis  {No.  77),  from  Trinidad,  and  S. 
(Wruieodnda,  from  Colombia,  difiering  from  all  of  them  in 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


218  Mr.  G.  C.  Ghampion  on 

the  inteiTuptedly  aulcate  inter-ocular  portion  of  the  head 
(the  deep  fovea  on  the  epistoma  being  pmbablj  accidental), 
the  antennae  stoutet  and  the  prothoras  more  shining  and 
leas  densely  punctate  than  in  the  first  two  species,  the  eyes 
more  approximate  and  the  prothorax  not  so  convex  and 
less  rounded  at  the  aides  than  in  S.  caendeolincta. 

61.  SUflra  ehloropten,  n.  ap. 

Eloag&t«,  nth«r  oonvox,  robust,  very  ahining ;  piceoiu,  the  dytn 
brillimt  metdlic  green,  Uve  latter  witli  a  few  very  long,  erect,  pallid, 
brietl;  hairs.  Head  rather  Bmall,  narrower  than  the  prothoi 
almoHt  smooth,  the  eyes  large,  distant ;  antennae  moderately  long, 
stout,  joint  11  equalling  9  and  10  united.  Prothorax  broad,  t 
verse,  arouately  dilated  at  the  sides,  narrowed  and  deeply  con- 
stricted posteriorly,  the  baaal  ma^in  prominRit ;  almost  amootb, 
transversely  excavate  in  the  middle  in  front,  and  sballowly, 
terruptedly  grooved  down  the  middle.  Elytra  long,  broad,  neariy 
twice  as  wide  as  the  prothorax,  subparallel  in  their  basal  haK. 
with  rows  of  fine,  approximate  punctura  plaoed  in  deep  striae, 
the  inteiBtioea  here  and  there  transversely  wrinkled,  becoming  mora 
convex  towards  the  apex,  3.  5,  and  9  with  several  widely  sqiarated 
inoonspicuous  setigerous  punctures.  Ijegfl  rather  atoot,  anterior 
femoia  clavate. 

Length  10,  breadth  3^  mm.    ($1) 

Hab.  Pbbu  (ea:  coH.  Pascoe). 

One  specimen.  This  insect  has  stout  antennae  and  s 
short,  arcuately  dilated  prothorax,  somewhat  as  in  iS. 
eurydera  (No.  68),  but  the  general  facies  is  more  like  that 
of  the  much  larger  S.  ingens,  from  Central  America.  The 
brilliant  metallic  green,  rather  broad  elytra,  the  small  head, 
and  somewhat  convex  body  are  also  characteristic. 

62.  StaUra  eanalienlata,  n.  sp. 

$.  Elongate,  shining;  nifo-piceous  (obscure  testaceous  in  the 
immature  example),  the  head  and  legs  paler,  the  elytra  with  a  dilute 
aeneous  lustre,  the  latter  with  a  few  long  bristly  hairs.  Heed  broad, 
almost  smooth,  the  eyu  large,  distant;  antennae  short,  slender, 
joint  11  nearly  equalling  8-10  united.  Prothorax  not  quite  so  broad 
as  long,  a  little  wider  than  the  bead,  transversely  cordate,  strongly 
oonstrioted  before  the  raised  basal  margin ;  very  spsiselj,  finely, 
unequally  punctate,  interruptedly  oanaliculate  down  the  middle, 
the  groove  widened  before  the  base.    Elytra  very  long,  twice  as 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


Nea  and  litUe-lcnown  Lagriidae.  219    ' 

broad  aa  tiie  protboros,  gndnaJly  widening  to  the  middle,  and 
Bomenriiat  acuminato  poateriorly;  ctoaelj,  finely  pnnotAto-afcriate, 
the  etoiae  deeply  impteosed  at  the  apex,  the  intentioea  almost  fiat 
to  near  tbe  tip,  3  with  nine  or  ten,  and  5  with  five  or  six,  setigenoB 
impreeetMw  Matt«Ted  thronghoat  their  hngth,  9  alio  with  two  or 
three  impreMiona  towards  the  apex. 
Length  ll^^-  breadth  3i-4  mm. 

Hob.  Peru  (ex  coU.  Fry),  Chanchamayo  (ex  coU.  F. 
Bateg). 

Two  femaJes,  possibly  obtuned  by  the  same  collector, 
Tliamm.  Nanower  than  the  Brazilian  S.  lattco&is,  Makl. 
(No.  31);  the  prothorax  much  smoother,  interruptedly 
canaliculate  on  the  disc ;  the  elytra  lelatively  ]oot;;er,  with 
a  Bcatteied  series  of  setigerous  impres^ons  along  the 
interstices  3  and  5,  the  latter  not  catennlate  at  the  apex. 
The  short,  convex,  conspicuously  canaUculate,  compara- 
tively smooth  prothorax  also  separates  the  present  species 
from  various  other  allied  species.  Compaied  with  the  im- 
maculate form  of  the  Colombian  S.  Irisdlata  (No.  103),  the 
eyes  are  larger,  the  antennae  shorter  and  not  so  slender, 
and  the  elytra  less  acuminate  at  the  apex,  with  the  seriate 
punctures  much  &ner  and  the  interstices  almost  flat. 

63.  Statlra  ranteua,  n.  sp. 

S-  Elongate,narrow,depnHsed,TeryBhiiiing,theprothoraiduUer; 
bead  and  prothorax  aeneooa,  the  elytra  brilliant  metallic  green, 
the  antamae,  t^s,  ajid  under  surface  black;  the  bead  and  elytra 
with  a  few  long,  fine,  erect,  bristly  hairs.  Head  a  little  wider  than 
tbe  prothorax,  sparsely  ptmctulate,  foveate  in  the  middle  betwe^i 
tlie  eyea,  the  latter  large  and  somewhat  distant ;  antennae  slender, 
joint  11  equalling  S-10  united.  PrDthonx  longer  than  brood, 
sobo^indrioal,  strongly  constricted  before  the  prominent  baaal 
maigin;  sparsely,  minutely  punctate  and  finely  canaliculate,  the 
iatorspaoes  alutAceous.  Elytra  long,  about  twice  as  broad  as  the 
prothorax,  snbpaiallel  at  the  base,  very  little  wider  at  the  middle, 
the  intia-bnmetal  depression  oblong,  deep;  very  finely,  olosdy 
punotato-striate,  the  interstices  broad,  flat  on  the  disc,  convex  at 
(be  apex,  3  with  four  scattered  setigerous  impresaions  on  the  apical 
half,  and  9  with  two  similar  impreesions  towards  the  tip.  Lega 
long,  slender,  the  anterior  pair  with  strongly  clavate  femora,  curved 
tibiae  and  broadly  dilated  tarsi,  the  tarsal  joints  2  and  3  ti 

Lcngti)  S,  breodtii  2}  mm. 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


220  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

Hab.  Brazil,  Caraca  (P.  Germain], 

One  example.  An  insect  veiy  like  S.  versicolor,  with 
wholly  black  legs  and  antennae,  a  lees  deeplv  canalicnlate 
prothorax,  a  relatively  shorter  eleventh  antennal  joint  in 
(J,  and  briUiant  metallic  green  elytra.  Compared  with 
S.  sericea,  the  elytra  are  more  elongate,  the  head  has  a 
single  fovea  between  the  eyea,  and  the  legs  and  antennae 
are  black.  The  dilated  anterior  tarsi  are  obviously  indica- 
tive of  the  male  sex.  S.  degans,  Makl.  (No.  87),  is  a 
somewhat  similar  differently-coloured  form. 

64.  Statirs  vertfeolor,  n.  sp. 

(J.  Elongate,  narrow,  depreeeed,  Bhining;  piceo-castaneoae,  the 
head  and  prothorax  with  a  faint  aeneous  lustte;  the  elytra  in  the 
esample  selected  as  type  met«llic  blue-green  in  the  sutural  region, 
the  colour  changing  to  golden  exterior  to  this,  and  to  cupreous  along 
the  sides  and  at  the  apei,  in  a  second  specimen  aeneo-cupieous ; 
the  head  and  ejj^ra  with  a  few  long,  erect,  bristly  hairs.  He«d 
large,  a  little  wider  than  the  prothonix,  sparsely,  minntely  punctate, 
flattened,  punctulate.  and  laterally  impressed  between  the  eyes, 
the  latter  large  and  rather  distant ;  antennae  slender,  long,  joint  1 1 
a  little  longer  than  S-10  united.  Prothorax  longer  than  broad, 
oblongo-cordate,  constricted  before  the  prominent  baaal  tnaigin; 
sparsely,  very  minutely  punctate,  the  interspaces  alutooeous,  tiie 
disc  strongly,  interruptedly  canaliculate.  Elytra  long,  twice  aa 
wide  as  the  prothorax,  subparslle]  in  their  basal  half,  the  intra- 
hnmeral  depression  oblong,  deep;  closely,  finely  pusola  to -striate, 
the  interstices  flat  on  the  disc,  convex  at  the  apex,  3  with  about 
four  widely  separated  setigerous  impressions  on  the  apical  half, 
1  and  9  also  with  a  single  impieesion  near  the  tip.  Lc^  long, 
slender,  the  anterior  pair  with  the  femora  moderately  clavate 
and  the  tibiae  feebly  curved. 

Length  7t-9,  breadth  2i-2i  mm. 

Hab.  Brazil  {Mm.  Oxon.),  Bio  de  Janeiro  (Fry  :   type). 

Two  males,  one  of  them  immature,  with  the  elytra 
almost  uniformly  aeneo-cupreous  and  the  legs  testaceous. 
Very  near  S.  sericea,  the  elytra  partly  cupreous,  the  pro- 
thorax more  deeply  canaliculate,  the  head  a  little  broader, 
the  terminal  joint  of  the  antenna  longer.  The  stron^y 
canahculate  prothorax,  the  more  metallic  elytra,  with  fewer 
setigerous  impressions  (those  on  the  third  interstice  not 
extending  beyond  the  middle  anteriorly),  and  the  absence 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


New  and  Uule-knoum  Lagrii^ae.  221 

of  the  median  sulcns  on  the  head,  separate  S.  i-ersicolor 
from  S.  nififrons,  Makl.  (No.  34). 

65.  SUtiia  serieea,  n.  sp. 

Moderately  elongate,  narrow,  shining,  the  prothoraT  dull ;  a«meo- 
piceoua,  or  nifo-castaneoua  with  a  faint  aeneous  lustre,  the  elytra 
aeneous  or  golden-green,  becoming  oupieouB  or  golden  towards  the 
Bidee  and  apex,  the  ant^inae  t«etaoeous,  the  two  basal  joints,  the 
eyee,  and  palpi  black  or  blackish ;  the  elytra  with  a  few  long,  erect, 
bristly  hairs.  Head  rather  broad,  very  sparsely,  minutely  punctate, 
shallowly  bifoveate  between  the  eyes  in  <J,  the  latl«r  large,  some- 
what distant;  antennae  slender,  rather  long,  joint  11  in  J  aa  long  as 
7-10,  in  $  equalling  S-10,  united.  Prothorai  narrower  than  the 
head,  longer  than  broad,  oblongo -cordate,  strongly  constricted 
before  the  raised,  laterally  prominent,  basal  margin;  sparsely, 
minutely  punctate,  the  interspacea  atutaceous,  and  finely,  distinctly 
canaliculate  down  the  anterior  half.  Elytra  moderately  long,  twice 
aa  broad  as  the  prothorax.  gradually  widened  to  the  middle,  and 
obliquely  excavate  or  depreesed  within  the  humeri ;  cloe^y,  very 
finely  punctato-striate,  the  interstices  flat  on  the  disc,  convex  at 
the  Apex,  3  with  four  or  five  widely  scattered  setigerous  impieesions, 
0  also  with  one  or  two  others  towards  the  apex.    L^b  slender. 

Length  6-6J,  breadth  l,V-2  mm.     {(J?.) 

Hab.  Brazil  [Mus.  Ozon. :  <^),  Constancia  (J.  Gray  and 
H.  Clark,  Jan.  1857  :   type,  cJ),  Rio  de  Janeiro  {Fry  :   $). 

Three  males  and  one  female.  Narrower  and  less  robust 
than  the  Central  American  S.  variabilis.  Champ. ;  the 
antennae  more  slender,  testaceous  (the  two  basal  joints 
excepted),  with  a  less  elongate  apical  joint  in  (J;  the 
head  and  prothorax  smoother  and  not  so  shining,  the  latter 
finely  canahculate;  the  elytra  cupreous  or  golden  at  the 
sides,  with  the  seriate  punctures  finer  and  the  interstices 
convex  at  the  apex.  S.  subaenea,  Makl.,  from  Santa 
Catharina,  and  S.  gratiosa,  Makt.,  from  Colombia,  are 
similarly  coloured  forms.  The  upper  surface  in  the 
present  insect  is  not  very  highly  polished,  appearing 
somewhat  sericeous. 

66.  Statira  purpuielpennls. 

SUUira   purpureipennis.    Pic,    Melanges    exot.-entom.    xi. 
p.  19  (Nov.  1914). 
tfafc.  Bbakil,  Jatahy,  Prov.  of  Goyas  {Pujol). 


u,y,l,7rJM,G00glc 


222  Mr.  6.  C.  Champion  on 

In  the  Fry  collection  there  is  an  example  ($?)  of  this 
species  from  the  same  locality  as  the  type.  It  is  a  very 
elongate,  narrow  insect,  nigro-piceous  in  colour,  with  the 
elytra  moderately  shining,  purple ;  the  abdomen  castuteous ; 
the  head  and  prothorax  opaque,  and  densely  scabroao- 
punctulate,  the  fonner  large,  the  latter  longer  than  broad, 
cordat«,  with  rained,  laterally-projecting  basal  mai^in; 
the  elytra  elongate,  subparallel  in  their  basal  half,  the 
alternate  interstices  1,  3,  and  5  with  a  complete  series, 
and  7  with  a  row  down  the  apical  half,  of  rather  cloeely 
placed,  setigeroufl  impressions,  each  of  which  is  preceded 
by  a  small  tubercle,  9  also  with  three  impressions  near  the 
tip ;  the  antennae  long  and  slender  [apical  joints  wanting] ; 
the  legs  unusually  elongate,  the  antenor  femora  not  much 
thicker  than  the  others. 

67.  StaOrs  nmbrosa,  n.  sp. 

Elongate,  nktiier  luknow,  opaque;  piceous  or  oaHta&eoiu,  the 
femora  p&ler  at  th«  base,  the  elytra  black,  the  latter  with  numeroiu 
VBiy  long,  ereot,  bristly  hairs.  Head  lai^  dauely,  Boabrooo. 
punotulate,  the  eyes  very  lai^  modarately  diataut;  antatmae 
Blender,  long,  joint  II  in  <}  about  equalling  6-10,  in  $  S-IO,  onitcd. 
Prothonx  aa  wide  as  the  head,  laager  than  broad,  oordaM,  atnai^y 
oonatriotnd  before  the  raised,  Uterally-projeoting  hind  angles,  tlie 
tmnsverse  basal  groove  not  extending  aorasa  the  diso;  dcoady 
soabroao-punotulate.  Elytra  long,  aubparallel  in  their  baaal  haU, 
barely  twioe  the  width  of  the  prothorax;  closely,  finely  punctab>- 
striate,  the  striae  deeply  impreBsed  at  the  spex,  the  inleraticea  morn 
or  less  convex,  alutaoeoua,  1,  3,  and  5  with  a  scattered  series  of 
setigerouB  impreesiona  extending  throughout  their  kngUi,  (he 
impressions  each  preceded  by  a  small  tubercle,  9  also  with  two 
impresBions  near  the  tip.  legs  ve^  long,  the  tibiae  and  taisi 
pilose;  antenor  femora  atnwgly  dsvate,  intermediate  fentora 
thickened  before  the  apex  boieath,  awl  intermediate  tibiae  widened 
from  near  the  base  and  clueely  pubesocnt  within,  in  S-  Pmia- 
sheath  very  lorkg,  stout,  curved,  concave  above,  rounded  at  tip. 

Length  10,  breadth  3  mm.     (3i.) 

Hab.  Braziu  Ceara  {GoaneUe,  (J :  type),  Jatahy,  Prov, 
of  Goyas  (Pujol,  ?). 

Two  apeoimens— a  J  with  the  penis-sheath  ftUly  extruded, 
the  other  assumed  to  be  a  ^  of  the  same  species.  Very  tike 
iS.  purpumpeHHts.  l*ic,  also  from  Jatahy,  but  with  sericeous, 
opaque,  black  elytra,  and  fewer  setigeroua  impressktnB  on 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


Nea  aitd  liole-knoiim  LagnHae.  223 

the  inteistiGes  I,  3,  and  5,  those  on  7  wanting.  The  sexes 
differ  in  the  form  of  the  intermediate  legs,  the  anterior 
femora  of  the  ^  are  also  stron^y  cUvate. 

68.  Statin  euydns,  n.  sp.  (Plate  XD,  fig.  17,  J) 
Elongate  or  moderately  «longAt«,  robust,  ahfaung ;  ruf  o-cutsiieoiiB, 
oastaoeoDB,  or  piceoiu,  the  npper  anrfsce  more  or  len  araieons,  the 
dftn  OBually  metaJlic  greoi,  the  spicai  joint  of  the  antom&e 
femiginoiu  in  one  or  two  of  the  darker  ezsmplea;  the  elytn  with 
a  tew  long,  erect,  hriatljt  haiia.  Head  short,  bn»d,  dauelj,  finrijr 
punctate,  the  ejes  very  large,  nanowly  sepaiated ;  antennae  stout, 
moderatdy  long,  joiata  3-10  anbeqaal  in  length,  II  in  ^  abont 
eqnalling  7-10,  in  $  S-10,  united.  Prothorax  stronf^y  ttansveree, 
aa  wide  as  tiie  head,  anmately  dilated  anteriorly,  in  some  speciiuens 
diatincUy  angulate  at  abont  one-Uurd  from  the  apex,  marpned  and 
rapidly  narrowed  thence  to  the  deep  boaal  groove,  the  basal  ma^in 
much  TBised  and  laterally  projecting;  densely,  minutely  punotat«, 
the  narrow  intenpacea  still  more  minutely  punctate  or  scabrous. 
Elytra  lather  dongate,  one-half  broader  than  the  protiiorax, 
gradually  widened  to  a  little  beyond  the  middle,  rounded  at  the 
apex;  olosedy,  findy  punctato-Btriate,  the  intersticea  3,  5,  and  9 
with  from  about  six  to  eight  conspicuous  setigerous  tmpicsaiouH 
aoattered  between  the  base  and  apex. 
Length  Sf-lO^,  breadth  2-3J  mm.    ( j$.) 

Hab.  Amazoks,  Ega  [type],  Santarem,  Para  (H.  W.  Bates), 
Bahia  (fry). 

Eleven  specimens,  all  but  two  from  the  Amazons,  these 
insects  varying  greatly  in  size  and  in  the  relative  length  of 
the  elytra.  S.  earydera  is  a  southern  form  of  the  Mexican 
S.  crassicomis.  Champ.,  differing  from  it  in  the  much 
rougher,  more  densely  punctulate  prothorax.  The  pro- 
thorax  is  obliquely  compressed  along  the  flanks  posteriorly, 
so  aa  to  appear  marked  above. 

69.  SUtlra  latevlUata,  n.  sp. 
$.  Eltuigate,  narrow,  robust,  moderately  shining;  rufous  or 
caataneous,  the  eyes  black,  the  palpi  piceous,  the  prothorax  slightly 
infuscate,  or  with  the  sides  piceous,  the  elytra  with  a  broad  metallic 
green  s^pe  extending  down  the  out«r  half  from  the  base  to  near 
the  apex.  Head  broad,  densely,  finely  punctate,  the  eyea  very 
large,  narrowly  separated ;  antennae  moderately  long,  stout,  joints 
4-10  slightly  increasing  in  length,  11  as  long  aa  9  and  10  united. 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


224  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

Prothorax  a«  wid«  as  the  heftd,  much  broader  than  long,  tnni- 
votmIj  coidate,  strongly  oonatrict«d  before  the  prominoit  hind 
angles,  the  basal  margin  much  raised;  densely,  finely  pnnctaU, 
the  narrow  interspa<Ma  somewhat  scabrous.  Elytra  long,  about 
one-halt  broader  than  the  prothorax,  very  gradually  widened  to 
beyond  the  middle,  flattened  on  the  disc,  and  rounded  at  the  apex ; 
closely,  finely  striato-punctate,  the  interstices  alutaceous,  flat,  3, 
6,  and  9  with  one  or  two  inconspicuous  setigerous  impressions  towards 
the  apex. 

Length  6)-8,  breadth  2-2}  mm. 

Hob.  Amazons,  Para  {H.  W.  Bates). 

Two  examples,  one  with  the  tips  of  the  antennae  wanting. 
This  species  has  the  head,  eyes,  and  antennae  shaped  as  in 
S.  eurydera,  and  the  body  coloured  as  in  iS.  vindh-ittata, 
all  three  insects  inhabiting  the  Amazon  region.  The 
brilliant  green  lateral  stripe  on  the  elytra  extends  downward 
to  the  epipleural  margin  in  <S.  kUevitUita.  The  Colombian 
S.  medialis,  Makl.,  must  be  an  allied  foim,  with  a  longer 
and  smoother  prothorax,  the  dense  puncturing  of  the  latter 
giving;  it  a  scabrous  appearance  in  the  Amazonian  insect." 

70.  StattTB  vlridlTltUta,  n.  sp. 

J.  Elongate,  narrow,  robust,  flattened  above,  shining;  rufo- 
oaslaneous,  the  elytra  each  with  a  broad  golden-green  submarginA] 
stripe  (between  the  striae  4  and  7)  extending  from  the  base  to  aeur 
the  apex,  and  with  a  few  long,  erect,  bristly  hairs  towards  the  tip. 
H<«d  not  wider  than  the  prothorax,  sparsely,  minutely  punctate, 
longitudinally  impressed  between  the  eyes,  the  latter  very  large  and 
somewhat  narrowly  sep*nted;  aatamae  very  stout,  rather  short, 
joints  4-10  rapidly  decreasing  in  logth,  6-10  traosveise,  II  veiiy 
elongate,  about  equalling  S-IO  united.  Prothorax  longer  than  broad. 
Rubeylindrical.  obliquely  narrowed  anteriorly  and  sinuate  at  the 
Rides  before  the  base,  the  basal  margin  not  much  raised ;  spandy, 
minutely  punctate.  Elrtra  limg.  one-half  wider  than  the  pro- 
tliOMX.  nubparallel  in  their  basal  half,  rounded  at  the  tip;  doeely, 
Knel,v  Hi  riato- punctate  to  near  the  apex,  striate  posteriorly,  the 
inlfrstiom  bn^ad,  flat  on  the  disc,  3.  5.  and  9  with  two  or  three 
iiiot>i)apioui>ua  uidoly  !>catler«d  fine,  setigerous  impressionB,  each 
111  uliii'h  is  prr^^lixl  bv  a  minute  tubercle.  Anterior  femora 
Mr,..4:l.v.l«v«r. 

Uunil.  fij.  brf«.lii.  21  u.m. 

»  ^'.  n'W*;^..!.'...  IV.  M>'Ua«es  exot.-ent.  xxr.  p.  20  (Aug.  1917}. 
fiMiw  Itraait,  w  i><nii>an>l  »ith  .■^.  -tlutlii.  Makl.;  but  it  is  impos- 
«bl<»  t.i  Hlt>uiif\  -ii.h  iM«sts  from  ■  ileacriplions  abr^g^es." 


l„y,l,A  J  h,  Cookie 


Hew  and  Utde-known  Lagriidae.  226 

Hab.  AiuzoNS,  Santarem  (H,  W.  BaUa). 

One  male.  A  robust,  elongate,  Bhining,  castaneous 
insect,  with  a  broad  brilliant  metallic  green  submarginal 
stripe  on  each  elytron,  the  antennae  very  stout,  with  ths 
outer  joints  tiansveiBe  and  the  terminal  one  as  long  as  the 
preceding  six  united,  the  prothorax  subcylindrical,  the 
head  rather  narrow.  It  is  just  possible  that  S.  viridiviOata 
may  be  a  male  of  the  Colombian  5.  validicomis,  Makl. 
(described  as  subcylindrical,  with  a  narrow  green  sub- 
mai^al  stripe  on  the  elytra,  and  very  stoat  antennae, 
the  apical  joint  equaUing  8-10  united) ;  but  without  com- 
parison of  the  types,  it  would  be  unsafe  to  refer  insects 
from  such  distant  localities  to  one  species.  The  general 
fades  is  not  unlike  that  of  8.  vremturalta,  Yic. 


71.  Statira  lalaraUi. 

Siat^  lateralu,  Makl.,  Ofv.  Finska  Vet.-Soc.  F6rh.,  xz,  p. 
357  (1878). 

$.  Elongate,  depraaaed,  widened  posterioily,  Bhining;  testaceous, 
the  eyM  black,  the  eJytn  with  a  taint,  indeterminate,  metallio  green 
marginal  stripe  extending  (rotn  the  base  to  about  two-thirds  of  their 
length  and  curving  inwards  to  the  middle  of  the  disc  poeteriorly; 
the  eljtiA  with  a  few  bristly  hairs  near  tbe  apex.  Head  lai^, 
sparsely,  minutely  punctate,  with  a  shallow  arcuate  impression 
between  the  eyes,  the  latter  large,  well -separated ;  antennae  slender, 
nther  short,  joint  11  equalling  8-10  united.  Prothorax  about  as 
wide  as  the  head,  as  long  as  broad,  cordate,  dilated  at  the  base,  the 
basal  margin  prominent;  closely,  finely,  conspicuously  punctate. 
Elytra  elongate,  twice  as  broad  as  the  prothorax,  widening  to  beyond 
the  middle,  and  somewhat  acuminate  at  the  apex;  closely,  finely 
panetato-striata,  the  interstices  becoming  convex  towards  the  apex, 
3  only  with  one  or  two  setigerous  impressions  near  the  tip. 

Length  9,  breadth  3  mm. 

Hab.  Colombia  [type],  Ibt^e  {Mus.  Brit.). 

One  example,  labelled  with  the  MS.  name  S.  scapularis, 
Germ.  This  insect  agrees  with  Maklin's  diagnosis  of 
S.  lateralia,  but  as  there  are  allied  forms  in  Brazil,  it  is 
advisable  to  redescribe  the  single  specimen  before  me.  8. 
aeneoUncta,  Champ.,  from  Mexico  and  Guatemala,  is  of 
about  the  same  size  and  shape. 

TBANS.  BNT.  SOC.  LOHD.  1917.— PAST  1.      (NOV.)  <) 


ih,  Google 


226  Hr.  0.  0.  Champion  on 

72.  Statin  suffusa,  n.  ap. 

$.  Elongate,  depteased,  rather  narrow,  shiiuDg;  piceoua,  the 
antminae,  tarsi,  bases  of  the  femora,  and  elytra  teetooeovs,  the 
elTtra  with  a  broad,  uidet«ntimato,  metallic  green  marginal  stripe 
extending  from  the  base  to  the  apex,  the  disc  with  a  ver;^  faint 
aeneous  lustre;  the  eljtni  with  a  few  long,  eroot,  bristl]' hairs.  Head 
rather  narrow,  sparsely,  minutely  punctate,  obsoletely  foreate  in 
the  middle  between  the  eyes,  the  latter  large,  distant;  antennae 
slender,  rather  short,  joint  U  nearly  eqnsJling  8-10  nnited.  Pro- 
thorax  a  little  longer  than  broad,  oblongo -cordate,  dilated  at  the 
base,  the  basal  margin  feebly  raised ;  sparsely,  minutely  punctate. 
Elytra  elongate,  twice  aa  broad  as  the  prothorax,  gradually  widened 
to  beyond  the  middle,  and  somewhat  aouminate  posteriorly ;  closely, 
finely  punctate -striate,  the  intoraticea  becoming  convex  towards  the 
tip,  3  and  5  with  from  six  to  eight  aetigerous  impiesaiona  scattered 
between  the  base  and  apex,  1,  7,  and  9  also  with  from  one  to  three 
similar  impressions  on  the  apical  half, 

(?.  Rufo-teetaoeous,  the  elytra  with  a  distinct  aeneous  lustre,  the 
green  maipnal  stripe  wanting;  antennae  much  longer,  joint  II  tc^ 
elongate,  nearly  equalling  7-10  united;  alternate  elytral  interstioes 
with  fewer  aetigeroua  impressions — five  on  3,  and  two  on  6,  those  on 
I  and  7  wanting. 

Length  8,  bieadtii  2f-21  mm. 

Hab.  Brazil  [type],  Parana  {ex  coU,  Fry :  (J). 

Two  specimenft,  almost  certainly  the  sexes  of  the  same 
species,  the  Parana  male  differing  as  stated  above.  Very 
near  the  Colombian  S.  lateralis,  Makl.,  but  with  a  much 
narrower  head  and  prothorax,  the  latter  very  sparsely, 
minutely  punctate,  the  el}^ra  with  scattered  setigerous 
impressions,  along  the  interstices  3  and  5,  the  marginal 
stripe  (when  present)  extending  to  the  apez,  the  apical 
joint  o{  the  antennae  (9)  shorter.  A  simiUr  variation  is 
common  to  other  members  of  the  genus. 

73.  Statira  Miwomarglnata,  n.  sp. 

$.  Elongate,  depneeed,  shining,  the  head  and  prothorax  sub- 
opaque;  teetaoeDiu,theeyee  black,  theheadondprothoraxnifeeoent, 
the  aides  of  the  elytra  indeterminately  aoieo-piceous  from  the  base 
to  far  beyond  the  middle,  the  elytra  with  a  few  bristly  hairs.  Head 
d«iselyscabroso.punotulate,the  eyes  small, distant;  antennae  short, 
slender,  joint  11  equalling  8-10  united.  Prothorax  a  little  ni 
than  the  head,  longer  than  broad,  moderately  romided  at  the  si 


Ij.y.l.AjL.yCOO'^lL' 


Nea  mtd  liuUrhwvm  Lagriidae.  227 

feebly  conatricted  towaida  the  base,  the  haa&l  margin  not  raised; 
deasely  sonbroso-punctnlate.  EiytiH  long,  at  the  base  twice  as  wide 
as  the  protboTBi,  widening  to  the  middle,  somewhat  acuminate 
posteriorly;  cloaely,  finely,  shallowlj  punctato -striate,  the  inter- 
stices flat  throughout,  3  with  four  small  setigerous  impressions  scat- 
tered along  the  spical  half,  5  also  with  two  other  impressions,  and 
7  with  one,  towards  the  tip.  Legs  slender. 
Length  7|,  breadth  2)  mm. 

Hab.  Brazil,  Eio  de  Janeiro  (Fry). 

One  specimeD.  A  small  pallid  insect,  not  unlike  the 
Colombian  S.  lateralia,  Makl.,  and  the  Brazilian  S.  suffvsa; 
but  with  a  dull,  scabrous  head  and  prothorax,  shining, 
aeneo-marginate  elytra,  the  latter  with  the  inteistices  flat 
throngbout. 

74.  Statin  fraohyden,  n.  sp. 

Very  elongate,  narrow,  feebly  shining ;  piceous,  the  front  of  the 
head,  elytral  sutnre,  tarsi,  bases  of  femom,  and  under  surface  oaa- 
t«neoas  or  ferruginous;  the  elytra  with  scattered  bristly  hain. 
Head  rather  small,  closely,  coarsely  pimctste,  longitudinally  im- 
pressed  between  the  eyee,  the  latter  large,  narrowly  sepanted; 
antennae  moderately  thickened,  rather  long,  joint  11  equallii^  8-10 
united.  Prothorax  a  little  wider  than  the  head,  longer  than  broad, 
rounded  at  the  sides,  constricted  before  the  raised  basal  margin ; 
coarsely,  irregularly,  confluently  punctate.  Elytra  very  elongate,  at 
the  middle  about  twice  as  wide  as  the  prothorax,  somewhat  acumin- 
ate poeteriorly;  closely,  finely,  deeply  punctate -striate,  the  inter- 
stices convex,  flatter  on  the  disc,  3  and  5  with  a  series  of  small 
aetigGTDuB  Impreesions  scattered  throughout  their  length,  9  also  with 
three  impressions  near  the  apex,  and  1  with  sevenil  others  near  ths 
base.    Tibiae  pilose  within. 

Length  11,  breadth  H  mm.    ($T) 

H(d>.  Brazil,  Jatahy,  Prov.  of  Govas  {Pujol,  ex  cdl. 
F.  Bates). 

One  specimen.  This  insect  is  of  about  the  same  eize 
and  boild  as  S.  jmrjnireipennis,  Pic,  from  the  same  locality, 
difietiog  from  it  in  the  small,  closely  punctured,  subsulcate 
bead,  the  coarsely,  confluently  punctate  prothorax,  and  the 
non-tuberculate  elytra,  the  elytra  with  fewer,  differently- 
arranged  aetigerous  impressions,  those  on  the  interstices 
1  and  7  mostly  wanting. 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


228  Mr.  G.  C.  ChampioD  on 

75.  Stfttln  soabrieoUls,  n.  sp. 

$.  Elongate,  dull,  the  eljtra  more  shining;  pioeous,  the  elytn 
brown,  the  antomae  (joint  1  excepted)  and  legs  (the  infnecate  outer 
halvee  of  the  femora  excepted)  testaceous;  the  head,  elytra,  and 
under  surface  with  a  few  long,  erect,  bristly  hairs.  Head  barely  as 
wide  as  the  prothorax,  densely,  minutely  punctate,  hollowed  between 
the  eyee  anteriorly,  the  latter  large,  narrowly  separated ;  antennae 
moderately  long,  quite  slender,  joint  11  equalling  7-10  united.  Pro- 
thorax  slightly  longer  than  bioad,  oblongo -cordate,  constricted  before 
the  prominent,  laterally-projecting  basal  margin ;  densely,  minutely, 
soabroao-punctate,  thediscwith  two  small  transveraely-plaoed  toveae 
before  the  middle  ( I  accidental).  Elytra  long,  twice  as  wide  as  the 
prothorax,  widening  in  their  basal  half,  acuminate  pOHteriorly; 
closely,  finely,  deeply  puncta  to -striate,  the  interatioea  convex 
throughout,  3,  6,  and  9  witJi  several  small  setigerous  impressions 
aoattered  between  the  base  and  apex.    Femora  rather  stout. 

Length  8},  breadth  3  mm. 

Hab.  Upper  Ahazonb,  Ega  (H.  W.  Bates). 

One  female.  A  close  ally  of  S.  iTistdaria  {No.  77),  from 
Trinidad,  with  the  elytra  moie  acuminate  at  the  apex, 
deeply  punctato-striate,  and  the  interstices  convex  through- 
out ;  and  the  femora  nigro-piceous  in  theii  outer  halves. 
The  eleventh  antennal  joint  is  no  doubt  equally  elon- 
gate in  c^,  to  judge  fiom  its  length  in  9-  The  Brazilian  S. 
flamcomis,  Makl.,  is  probably  another  allied  form. 

76.  Statira  convexluuula,  n.  sp. 

$.  Elongate,  rather  convex,  shining;  testaceous,  the  head  and 
prothorax  rufescent,  the  eyes,  palpi,  femora  (except  at  the  base), 
and  tibiae  black  or  pioeous,  the  elytra  with  a  few  bristly  haira.  Head 
ratlieF small,  ikotquitAso  wide  as  the  prothorax,  densely,  very  finely 
punctate,  obsoletely  foveolate  between  the  eyes,  the  latter  moder- 
ately large,  distant ;  antennae  short,  slender,  joint  11  nearly  equaling 
8-10  united.  Prothorax  oblongo-oordate,  constricted  before  the 
baae,  the  basal  margin  raised,  but  not  very  prominent  laterally; 
almost  smooth,  except  within  the  transverse  basal  groove,  which  is 
shallow  in  the  centre.  Eljftra  moderately  elongate,  aboot  twice 
as  wide  as  the  prothorax,  narrowing  from  the  middle ;  oloeely,  finely, 
rather  deeply  punatat« -striate,  the  interstices  feebly  convex,  3  and 
6  with  three  or  four  uiconspicuous,  setigerous  punctures  scattered 
down  the  apical  half,  and  9  with  three  others  near  tiia  apex.  L^a 
rather  short,  the  anterior  femora  olavate. 

Length  3},  breadth  2}  mm. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


New  and  Ultle-kHown  Lagriidae.  229 

Hd>.  Brazil,  Bahia  (Reed). 

One  female.  Not  unlike  S.  scabricoUis  (9),  from  Ega, 
but  in  great  part  testaceous  and  more  shining,  the  eves 
smaller  and  more  distant,  the  ant«nnae  shorter,  the  pro- 
thorax  almost  smooth,  the  tibiae  and  the  basal  halves  of 
the  femora  black.  S.  mdanocephala,  Makl.,  from  0«ntTal 
America,  is  a  somewhat  similar  insect,  except  that  it  has 
the  bead  and  antennae  infuscate  or  black. 

77.  Stetira  ImnUrls,  n.  sp. 

Elongate,  the  b«Ml  and  prothorax  sabopaque,  the  elytn  Bhining ; 
teetaoeooB,  tb«  head  and  prothoraz  obBoure  ferruginous,  the  eyes 
black  i  the  elytra  with  a  few  long,  bristly  hairs.  Head  rather  small, 
closely,  minutely  punctate,  longitudinal  ly  depressed  down  the  middle 
betweoi  the  eyes,  the  latter  extremely  large  and  narrowly  separated 
in  the  two  sexes ;  antennae  long  and  slender,  shorter  in  $,  joint  11 
in  ,;  as  long  as  6-10,  in  $  the  length  of  8-10,  united.  Prothorax  as 
iride  as  (3)  or  rather  wider  than  ($)  the  bead,  about  as  broad  as  long, 
feebly  rounded  at  the  sides,  strongly  constricted  before  the  base, 
the  basal  margin  prominent  and  laterally  projecting;  alutaceous 
and  closely,  very  minutely  punctate.  Elytra  long,  at  the  middle 
twice  as  broad  as  the  prothorax,  somewhat  rapidly  widened  in  their 
basal  half,  and  acuminate  posteriorly!  closely,  finely,  deeply  puno- 
tato-striate,  the  intersticee  becoming  oonvex  towards  the  sides 
and  apex,  3,  6,  and  9  each  with  from  three  to  six  widely  scattered 
setigeroue  impressions. 

Length  S-8},  breadth  2i-2i  mm.    (3^.) 

Hab.  Tbinidad  {G.  E.  Bryant,  iji.  1903;  /.  Birch,  1904). 

Three  males  and  one  female.  Very  like  the  Antillean 
iS./u2va,  but  with  a  long  apical  joint  to  the  antennae,  espe- 
cially in  (7,  ft  comparatively  small  bead,  extremely  large, 
subapproximate  eyes,  and  rathei  convex,  mesially  widened, 
postenorly  acuminate  elytra.  S.  tdefisis.  Champ.,  from 
Panama,  is  not  unUke  S.  irutularis,  but  the  latter  has  the 
elytra  less  elongate,  etc.  Mr.  Bryant's  specimens  have 
been  examined  by  M.  Pic  and  returned  unnamed. 

78.  Statlta  Inlva. 

Stalira  fulva,  Fleut.  et  SallS,   Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.  1889, 
p.  431." 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


230  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

Elongate,  somenlut  deprewed,  th«  bead  aad  piothoiax  opaque, 
0x0  elytra  Bhining;  teataceoua,  the  bead  and  prothorax  obsoura 
ferniginouB,  the  ejee  black ;  the  elytra  with  a  few  long,  eieot,  bristiy 
hairs.  Head  obsoletely  punctulate,  the  eyes  large  and  wdl  aepanted ; 
antennae  long,  alender,  joint  II  about  as  long  as  9  and  10  united  in 
die  two  sexes.  Prothoraz  aa  wide  aa  the  head,  oblongo-oordate, 
dilated  at  the  base,  densely  alutaceoua,  the  minute  scattered  pnnc- 
turea  just  traceable.  Elytra  long,  widened  to  the  middle  and  there 
twice  as  wide  as  the  prothorax,  acuminate  posteriorly;  oloeely, 
finely,  deeply  punctato-striate,  the  interstices  rather  convex,  3  and 
6  with  several  widely  scattered  setigerous  impreeaionB,  1,  7,  and  9 
also  with  one  or  two  similar  impressions  towards  the  apex. 

Length  Ti-lOi,  breadth  2i-3  mm.    (^5-) 

Hab.  Antilles,  Guadeloupe  [type],  Dominica  {Mus. 
BrU.). 

Two  specimens  from  Dominica,  one  of  them  received 
from  Mr.  E.  F.  Becher  in  1908,  are  no  doubt  referable  to 
the  imperfectly -described  S.  fnlva  from  Guadeloupe.  In 
the  Museum  there  is  also  another  example,  without  locality, 
from  the  Dejean  collection,  apparently  belonging  to  the 
same  species ;  it  is  labelled  "  S.  humeralis  ^^  var.  ?  (Dupont)." 
S.  ftdva  is  a  form  of  S.  viUala,  Champ.,  from  the  Lesser 
Antilles  and  Trinidad,  with  a  densely  alutaceous,  opaque 
prothorax,  and  slightly  longer,  wholly  testaceous  elytra. 
It  has  been  found  "  at  light  "  in  both  islands. 

79.  Statin  vlHata. 

Slatira  vitUUa,  Champ.,  Tians.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  1896,  p.  37, 
pi.  1,  fig.  9  (J). 

Hab.  Lesser  Antilles  ;  Trikidad. 

In  the  British  Museum  there  is  a  series  of  this  insect 
captured  long  ago  in  St.  Vincent  by  Lansdown  Gailding, 
also  two  from  Trinidad,  in  Fry's  collection. 

80.  SUtira  asperata. 

Stalira  asperata.  Champ.,  Biol.  Centr.-Am.,  Coleopt.  iv,  2, 

p.  49,  pi.  3,  fig.  4  (,?)  (1889). 
Stalira  anliUarum,  Champ.,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  1896, 
p.  36. 
Hab.  Panama;  Lesser  Antilles,  St.  Vincent,  Grenada, 
"  Neo  S.  hvmeralis,  Makl.,  a  Mexican  insect. 


New  and  fiule-^notra  Lagriidae.  231 

Grenadines;    Colombia;    Venezuela;    Tbikidad  (&.  E. 
Bryant);    Bbazil,  Femambuoo  {Fry). 

The  long  series  before  me  connect  the  Antillean  with  the 
mainland  form,  Panama  examples  having  conapicuoua 
tubercles  on  the  alternate  elytral  interstices  1, 3, 5,  7  and  9. 
One  of  the  Pemambuco  specimens  is  rufo-castaneous  with 
the  elytra  piceous,  and  another  is  rufo-castaneous  with  the 
sides  of  the  elytra  broadly  piceous. 

81.  Statira  presnturalb.    (Plate  XII,  fig.  18,  $.) 

Slatira  preauturalis.  Pic,  L'£change,  zxviii,  p.  76  (Oct. 
1912). 

Aatawae  not  longer  in  (J  Uian  in  $,  rather  atont,  joint  1 1  equalling 
9  and  10  united  in  the  two  sexes ;  head  with  a  targe  shallow  inter- 
ooolar  fovea;  prothorax  elighttj  longer  than  broad,  veiy  finely, 
spoTMly  punot«t«;  etTtni  depressed  below  the  base,  very  finely, 
closely  striato-punctate,  the  punctures  usually  placed  in  fine  striae 
on  the  besal  half,  the  interstice  3  with  several,  and  5  and  9  with  one 
or  two,  widely  separated  setigerous  impieesions  on  the  apical  half; 
body  nther  convex,  castaneous,  shining,  the  palpi  and  prothorax 
sometimes  mfuscate,  the  juxta«utural  blackish  stripe  on  the  elytra 
often  oontinoed  to  the  apex,  dilated  beyond  the  middle  into  a  com- 
plete or  interrupted  tronaverM  fascia,  and  widened  again  at  theapes; 
femora  strongly  olavate;  aede^naof  S  rather  broad  and  acuminate. 
Femora  more  or  lees  clavate. 

Length  SHI' >»»^th  2-3  mm.    139-) 

Hah.  Brazil  {Mus.  Brit.,  Mus.  Oxon.),  Blumenau  {coU. 
Pic  :  type),  Bio  de  Janeiro  (Fry). 

The  long  series  of  this  insect  before  me  agree  sufQciently 
well  with  Pic's  brief  diagnosis  to  render  the  identification 
certain.  Froni  the  somewhat  similar  8.  siUuralis,  Makl. 
(No,  6),  from  Rio  de  Janeiro,  etc.,  it  is  at  once  separable  by 
the  absence  of  the  long  spine  at  the  base  of  the  anterior 
femora,  the  stouter  antennae,  with  shorter  apical  joint  in 
t^,  the  longer  prothorax,  etc.  The  juxta-sutural  stripe  is 
often  dilated  into  a  poet-median  fascia  and  an  apical  patch. 

82.  Statira  oetollneata,  n.  sp. 
Somewhat  robust,  moderately  elongate,  shining;  obscure  cas- 
taneous,  the  le^  and  antomae  ferruginous  in    one   speoimoi, 
ibe  alternate  elytral  interstices  2,  4,  6,  8  each  with  a  narrow 
blackish  stripe  extending  to  near  the  apex;    the  elytra  wiUi  a 


n,g,i,.rjh,G00glc 


232  Bli.  0.  C.  Champion  on 

few,  erect,  briBtly  hairs.  Head  almost  emooth,  excavate  or 
foveate  in  the  middle  between  the  eyes,  the  Uttm  moderately 
lai^  Hid  separated  by  about  the  width  of  on«  of  tbem ;  antennae 
rather  slender,  moderately  long,  a  little  shorter  in  $,  joint  11  as 
long  as  9  and  10  united.  Prothorax  as  wide  as  the  head,  aa 
long  as  broad,  oblong-ooidate,  dilated  at  the  base,  very  sparsely, 
minntely  punotulate.  Elytra  moderately  long,  broad,  twioe  ae  wide 
as  the  prothorax  at  the  base,  flattened  on  the  dlao  anterioily, 
slightly  widening  to  the  middle  and  a<!ununat«  posteriorly,  the  apioea 
distinctly  macronata;  closely,  finely  punotato-atriate,  the  inter- 
Btiae«  becoming  feebly  convex  towaids  the  apex,  3  and  S  each  with 
about  five  very  widely  scattered  settgerouB  impressions,  B  also  with 
two  or  three  similar  impresBions  towards  the  tip.  Femora  more  or 
leas  olavate. 

For.  The  elytra  uniformly  caatoneous,  t^e  setigerons  impreesiiMU 
wanting  on  the  baaal  half  of  the  third  interstice.    {^.) 

Length  Sf-S^,  breadth  2i-2i(  mm. 

Hab.  Brazil,  Kio  de  Janeiro  (Fry),  Constancia  {J.  Gray 
and  H.  Clark,  Jan.  1857). 

Two  specimens  of  the  Imeate  lonn,  assumed  to  be  (?  and 
$,  one  of  them  having  longer  antennae  than  the  other, 
and  one  of  the  variety.  More  elongate  than  8.  presutundis. 
Pic,  the  head  and  prothorax  a  little  broader,  the  elytm 
longer,  moie  acuminate  at  the  tip,  and  with  the  alternate 
interstices  nigro-lineate  to  near  the  apex. 

83.  SUtira  triUneala. 
Statira  trilineata,  Makl.,  Ofv.  Finska  Vet.-Soc.  Forh.  xr, 
p.  357  (1878). 
<}.  Antennae  rather  short  and  stout,  joints  4-10  decreasing  in 
length,  0  and  10  traoavene,  11  very  elorkgate,  as  l<Hkg  ae  6-10  united ; 
head  deeply  foveate  in  the  middle  between  theeyesj  the  elytra  with 
an  elongate  intra-humeral  depression,  the  scattered  setigerons  im- 
preeeions  along  the  entire  length  of  the  alternate  interstices  1,  3,  5, 
7,  and  9  each  preceded  by  a  small  tubercle;  femora  more  or  less 

Hab.  Colombia  {Mus.  Hdaingjors :  type ;  Mus.  Brit.]. 

A  male  in  the  British  Museum,  from  the  F.  Bates  col- 
lection, is  almost  certainly  referable  to  this  spedes.  It 
diiTers  from  the  description  in  having  the  nometous  setiget- 
oiis  impressions  along  the  alternate  elytral  interstices 
deeply  impressed  and  each  preceded  by  a  sm^,  tumid, 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


Nob  and  tittle-known  Lagriidae.  2S3 

tubetcniifonn  space.  There  is  conaiderable  variation  in  this 
respect  in  the  allied  S.  asperata.  Champ.  S.  triXinetUa  is 
of  a  bright  nifo-caataneous  colour,  with  a  blackish  line  along 
the  elytral  suture  and  another  down  the  fifth  interstice. 
S.  prestUuTolis,  Pic,  is  a  very  similar  form. 

84.  Statira  tennis,  n.  sp. 

ModeTat«ly  elongate,  narrow,  Bhming;  CMtaneous  or  obsouie 
oostaneouB,  the  anUnnae  in  the  male  piceouB  with  the  apical  Joint 
f emigiiKius ;  Uie  elytra  with  a  few  very  long,  erect,  bristly  hairs. 
Hwd  ratiiet  small,  rounded,  almost  sntootit,  the  eyee  very  large  and 
narrowly  separated ;  ant^mae  {ij)  slender,  long,  joints  7-10  decreas- 
ing in  length,  II  extremely  elongate,  about  equalling  3-10  united,  ($) 
Bhortet  and  stouter,  11  barely  ^e  length  of  7-10  united.  I^thorax 
about  as  wide  as  the  head,  longer  than  broad,  oblong,  moderately 
constricted  before  the  base,  sparsely,  minutely  punctate.  Elytra 
about  twice  as  broad  as  the  prothorax,  moderately  long,  but  little 
widened  towards  the  middle  and  acuminate  posteriorly ;  very  finely, 
closely,  striato-punotate,  the  interstices  flat,  3  with  about  six  promi- 
nent setigerouB  impreaaions  scattered  between  the  base  and  apex, 
and  6  and  0  eacli  witli  thi««  or  four  similar  impressions  on  the  apical 
half. 

Length  ef-7j,  breadth  1^-2^  mm. 

Hob.  Amazoks,  Ega  [type],  Santarem  {H.  W.  Bates). 

Two  males  and  one  female.  Not  imlike  the  Brazilian 
S.  stenodera,  but  with  an  extremely  elongate  apical  joint 
to  the  (^-antennae,  large,  subcontiguous  eyes,  and  much 
narrower  elytra,  with  flat  interstices.  The  general  shape 
is  similar  to  that  of  the  Colombian  S.  IriliTieata,  Uakl.,  as 
here  interpreted. 

85.  Statita  atenodera,  n.sp. 
Moderately  elot^te,  shining  i  rufo-caataneous  or  oastoneous,  or 
piceo-oaataneouH  with  the  antemiBe  and  legs  in  great  part  reddish, 
the  elytra  often  faintly  streaked  with  piceous  on  the  alternate  in- 
l«TBtioea;  the  head  and  elytra  with  a  tew  long,  erect,  bristly  hairs. 
Head  sparsely,  very  finely  punctate,  well  developed  behind  the 
eyes,  and  with  a  large,  shallow,  punctured  fovea  between  them,  tlie 
eyes  rather  smalt  (as  seen  from  above)  and  distant ;  antennae  slender, 
joint  11  the  length  of  9  and  10  united  in  the  two  sexes.  Prothorax 
slightly  longer  than  broad,  nearly  as  wide  as  the  head,  oblong, 
modeiately  oonstrioted  before  the  base;  sparsely,  minut«ly  pun<!- 
tate.    Elytra  not  very  elongate,  at  the  base  twice  as  broad  as  the 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


234  Mr.  0.  C.  Champion  on 

prothoTAS,  gToduall;  widened  to  the  middle  and  npidly  narrowed 
poatoriorif,  muoronate  at  the  tip,  tianBTereely  depiened  on  the  disc 
antoriorlj;  oloaely,  finely  punctato-etriate,  the  intereticee  feebly 
oonTBX,  3,  S,  and  9  with  from  two  to  f oor  widely  Boatt«red  setigennu 
impieeaioiu.    Anterior  femora  clarate. 

Length  6-6},  breadth  2-2t  mm.    (,?$.) 

Hob.  Brazil  (Mus.  Brit.,  Mus.  Oxon.),  CoDstancia, 
Tijuca  {/.  Gray  and  H.  dark,  Jmi.  1857),  Rio  de  Jafleiro 
{Fry),  Sao  Antonio,  Bahia  ((lOuneUe). 

A  long  serieB,  those  in  the  Oxford  Museum  in  very  bad 
condition,  some  of  them  (immature)  obscure  testaceous  in 
colour.  Separable  from  the  closely  allied  S.  presuturalis. 
Pic,  by  the  relatively  narrower  bead  and  prothorax,  the 
smaller  eyes,  the  more  slender  antennae,  etc. ;  from  S.  octo- 
lineata  by  the  much  shorter  elytra,  narrower  head  and 
prothorax,  and  smaller  eyes ;  and  irora  8.  svtwalis,  JA&ki., 
by  the  absence  of  the  anterior  femoral  spine,  etc.  This 
is  one  of  several  members  of  the  genus  with  the  eleventh 
antenna)  joint  similar  in  length  in  the  two  sexee. 

86.  Statin  egaen^  n.  sp. 

Moderately  elongate,  widened  poateriorly,  shining ;  rufo-  or  fuaoo- 
castaneoiu,  the  eyee  blaek,  the  eljrtra  and  legs  (the  knees  and  bases 
of  the  femora  eiccepted)  nigio-piceoue  or  piceous,  in  one  specimen 
almost  oonoolorous  witik  the  rest  of  the  surface;  the  elytra  with 
numerous  long  bristly  hairs.  Head  broad,  well  .developed  behind 
the  eyes,  Bparaely,  6jiely  punctate,  the  eyee  moderately  large,  dis- 
tant; antennae  slender,  comparatively  short,  joint  11  equalling  9 
and  10  united.  Protfaoias  as  wide  aa  the  head,  broader  than  long, 
transversely  cordate,  constrioted  in  front  of  the  promintDt  hind 
angles,  the  basal  margin  not  much  raised;  sparsely,  finely,  con- 
spicuously punctate.  Elytra  not  very  elongate,  in  their  widest  part 
more  iJian  twice  the  bieadth  of  the  prothorax,  rapidly  dilated  to 
the  middle,  and  arouately  narrowed  thence  to  the  apex;  somewhat 
ooarsdy,  closely,  orenato-striate,  the  punotureeon  thedisc  tranavetBe, 
the  inleraticee  more  or  lees  convex,  1,  3,  5,  7,  and  9  each  a  row  of 
rather  closely  placed  setigerous  impressions  extending  from  the  base 
to  the  apex.    Anterior  femora  strongly  clavate. 

Leagth  9i~l,  breadth  2i~2i  mm.    ($T) 

Hab.  UppEK  AMAZ0N3,  £ga  {H.  W.  Bates). 

Three  specimens,  varying  in  the  colour  of  the  elytra  and 
legs,  as  is  frequently  the  case  in  this  genus.  S.  egaensia 
resembles  S.  slenodera  in  it«  general  faaes ;  but  the  head 


l„y,|,AJh,COOl^lC 


Nea  and  ItUle-known  Lagriidae.  235 

and  prothoiax  an  much  broader,  the  piotbonuc  is  trans- 
verse, and  the  alternate  elytral  mteistices  have  each  a  row 
of  setigerous  impressions  extending  throughout  their  length, 
much  as  in  the  Central  American  S.  microps,  Champ. 

87.  Statlra  eleguu-    (Plate  XII,  fig.  19,  anterior  leg,  ^.) 

Statira  d^ans,  Makl.,  Act,  Soc.  Fenn.  vii,  p.  156  (1862). 
Var.  Slatira /estiva,  Makl.,  loc.  cit. 

Antennae  in  ^  with  joint  11  about  as  long  aa  7-10,  in  $  as  long 
aa  8-10,  united;  anterior  femora  davate;  anterior  tibiae  abruptly 
oaiTOwed  and  oompreeBed  at  the  base  externally,  subangulale  at 
basal  third  in  ^. 

Hab.  Brazil,  Petropolis  {J.  Gray  and  H.  Clark,  Feb. 
1857),  Rio  de  Janeiro,  San  Paulo,  Espirito  Santo  {Mus. 
BrU.). 

A  dozen  specimens  before  me  from  the  above-mentioned 
localities  agree  with  Maklin's  description  of  S.  degans, 
except  that  they  have  the  prothorax  very  finely  alutaceous 
(thus  appearing  eubopaque),  instead  of  shining,  as  stated 
by  him ;  but  this  is  probably  an  error  of  observation.  A 
rather  narrow,  moderately  elongate  form,  with  the  head 
(the  eyes  excepted),  antennae,  prothorax  and  legs  testace- 
ous or  rufo-testaceouB,  the  elytra  uniformly  green  or  bluish- 
green,  and  the  metastemum  and  abdomen  black;  the 
antennae  slender ;  the  eyes  la^e,  the  space  between  them 
longitudinally  impressed  in  the  middle;  the  prothorax 
strongly  constricted  before  the  base,  canahculate  on  the 
disc,  and  almost  impunctate ;  the  elytra  closely,  finely 
punctato-striate,  with  seven  or  eight  setigerous  impressions 
scattered  along  the  third  interstice  and  one  or  two  others 
at  the  apex  of  the  ninth ;  the  anterior  tibiae  compressed 
at  the  base.  S./estitxt,  to  judge  from  the  description,  is  a 
variety  of  S.  degana  with  the  head  (except  in  front)  and 
prothorax  piceous.  The  head  in  one  of  the  specimens  before 
me  is  infuscate,  but  not  the  prothorax.  These  insects  might 
easily  be  mistaken  for  similarly-coloured  Carabids. 

88.  Statint  dlstipiu, n. sp.     (Plate  XII,  fig. 20, prothorax, S) 

3.  Uoderately  elongate,  narrow,  ehiimig;  testaceous,  the  eyes 
and  abdomen  black,  the  elytra  metallio  blue,  the  apical  joint  of  the 
antennae  and  the  posterior  femora  (except  at  the  base)  and  tibiae 
tl^tly  iufoBoatei  the  elytra  with  a  few  long,  erect,  bristly  hairs. 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


236  Ifr.  G.  G.  Champion  on 

Head  raUier  large,  sparaely,  ehallowly  BufafoveoUte  between  tlie 
eyes,  the  latter  large  uid  somewhat  distant;  antennae  slcoder, 
joints  8-10  deorea«ing  in  length,  11  as  long  as  7-10  united. 
Frotlioraz  nanower  than  the  heed,  about  as  long  aa  broad, 
oblongo -cordate,  strongiy  constricted  before  the  base;  sparsely, 
minutely  punctate,  obeoletely  canalioulate  at  the  middle  of  the  disc, 
and  with  a  la^e,  subtriangular,  rugose,  depressed  area  on  each  side 
(fig.  20).  Elytra  moderat«!y  long,  at  the  middle  about  tnice  oa  wide 
aa  the  prothorax,  rounded  at  the  apex,  longitudinally  deprceaed 
within  the  humeri ;  very  finely,  closely  punctato-atriate,  the  third 
interstice  with  six  widely  scattered  setigeroue  iropreesions,  the 
ninth  oiao  with  two  others  near  the  tip.  hegp  long;  anterior 
tibiae  rounded  externally  at  the  base. 
Length  7},  breadth  2}  mm. 

Hab.  Peru,  Chanchamayo  (ex  c<M.  F.  Boies). 

One  male,  probably  collected  by  Thamm.  Very  like 
the  Brazilian  S.  eUgans,  Makl.,  and  similarly  coloured;  but 
with  the  prothorax  mote  shining,  distinctly  punctured, 
and  with  a  large,  subtriangular,  rugose,  depressed  area  on 
each  side  of  the  disc  (somewhat  as  in  the  Central  American 
S.  fovekoUis,  Champ.,  ^,  and  possibly  confined  to  that  sex), 
the  posterior  femora  and  tibiae  partly  infuscate,  the  anterior 
tibiae  not  compressed  at  the  base. 

8d.  StaOra  oyuoptera,  n.  sp. 

[J.  Elongate,  narrow,  depressed,  slender,  opaque,  the  elytra  and 
the  front  of  the  head  somewhat  shining ;  black,  the  elytra  cyaneous, 
the  palpi  at  the  base,  joints  4-11  of  the  antennae,  the  tArsi,  and  in 
one  apecimen  the  legs  entirely,  testaceous;  the  elytia  with  a  few 
long,  erect,  bristly  hairs.  Head  rather  narrow,  sparsely,  finely 
punctate,  shallowly  aulcate  between  the  eyes,  the  latter  large, 
separated  by  about  half  the  width  of  one  of  them;  antennae  long, 
slender,  joint  11  extremely  elongate,  equalling  6-10  united.  Ite- 
thorax  nearly  as  wide  aa  the  head,  much  longer  than  brood,  oblongo- 
oordat«,  feebly  dilated  at  the  baee,  amooth,  the  basal  margin  not 
laiaed.  Elytra  moderately  elongate,  twice  as  broad  as  the  pro- 
tiiorax,  somewhat  acuminate  posteriorly;  closely,  finely  punctato- 
atriate,  the  punctures  transverse  on  the  disc,  the  inleratioee  feebly 
convex,  3  with  five  or  six,  and  5  with  three,  widely  scattered  aetiger- 
ouB  impreasiona,  1  and  9  also  with  one  or  two  near  or  before  the  tip. 
li^B  long  and  slender. 

Length  OiV-'i^j.  breadth  2-2jV  mm. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


New  and  litUe-kiunon  Lagriidae.  237 

H(di.  Brazil  {Mus.  Brit. :   type),  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Fry). 

Two  examples,  one  with  the  tarei  only,  the  other  (from  Bio 
de  Janeiro)  with  the  legs  entirely,  teataceoua,  showing  that 
no  reliance  can  be  placed  on  the  colour  of  the  legs  as  a  specific 
character.  A  narrow  black  insect,  with  the  elytra  blue  and 
slightly  shining,  the  prothoraz  long,  smooth,  and  opaque, 
the  antennae  and  legs  long  and  slender,  the  antennae 
testaceous,  with  joints  1-3  blackened. 


90.  Statlra  eai&miloldss,  n.  sp.     (Plate  XII,  fig.  21,  3.) 

Uodeiatelj  elongate,  narrow,  depreesed,  rather  dull,  the  elytra 
Bhining;  pioeotu,  the  head  black  in  one  speoimea  the  femora  and 
tibueBOmetimeBpalerthan  the  bodj,  the  ant«mnae  (joint  1  exerted) 
and  tarai  testaceous;  the  head  mmI  elytra  with  very  long,  ereot, 
HCattored  bristly  hairs.  Head  large,  broad,  sparsely,  finely  punc- 
tate, in  two  speotmens,  longitudinally  depressed  between  the  eyes, 
the  latter  large  and  moderately  distant  in  t^,  a  little  smaller  in  $; 
antennae  slender,  moderately  long,  joint  II  in  (^  about  as  long  as 
7-10,  in  $  not  quite  equalling  8-10,  united.  Prothorax  narrow, 
longer  than  broad,  oblong -camponulate,  sparsely,  minutely  punctate, 
the  interapaces  alutaceous,  the  basal  margin  prominmt.  Elytra 
moderately  long,  at  the  base,  twice  as  wide  as  the  protborax,  sub- 
pandlel  in  their  basal  half  in  3,  with  a  very  deep,  oblique  depression 
on  the  disc  below  the  base;  shallowly,  minutely  striato -punctate, 
the  intATstioes  flat,  3  with  about  five,  and  5  and  9  with  thi«e  or  four, 
widely  scattered  conspicuous  setigerous  impressions,  1  also  with  a 
single  impieasion  near  the  tip,  Hie  imprMsions  eaeh  preceded  by  a 
minute  taberole.  Legs  slender,  long ;  ulterior  tibiae  in  both  sexes 
abruptly  rkanowed  at  the  base  externally. 

Loigth  6[^7i,  breadth  Ii-2i  mm.    {3^.) 

Hab.  Bbazil  {Mua.  Oxon.),  Constancia  (J.  Gray  and  B. 
Clark,  Jan.  1857  :  type,  <J),  Rio  de  Janeiro  [Fry :  $). 

Five  specimens,  the  one  in  the  Oxford  Museum  immature 
and  almost  wholly  testaceous.  Near  5,  dromioides,  infra, 
from  which  it  diSers  in  having  a  narrower  and  smoother 
prothoiax,  a  shorter  apical  joint  to  the  (^-antennae,  deeply 
excavate  elytra,  with  fewer  setigerous  impressions,  and 
pecuharly  formed  anterior  tibiae,  the  body  also  being 
uniformly  piceous.  The  large  head  and  narrow  prothorax 
^ve  the  insect  a  Casnoniiform  facies.  S.  el^ana,  Makl., 
has  somewhat  similar  anterior  tibiae  in  the  two  sexes. 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


238  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

91.  Slattn  eanvwiiilata,  n.  sp. 

Elongate,  lunow,  dull;  piceoaa,  the  antennae  (joints  1  and  2 
ezaept«d}  obscure  fermginone,  the  dytra  with  Mattered  loDg,  eiect, 
black  briatty  haira.  Head  large,  broad,  cloeelj  punctate,  longitu- 
dinally grooved  betwem  the  eyes,  the  latter  large  and  narrowly 
separated;  antennae  Bhort,  rather  eleoder,  joint  11  about  equalling 
7-10  united.  Prothorax  narrower  than  the  head,  longer  than 
broad,  campanulate,  closely,  somewhat  coarsely  punctate,  the  basal 
margin  very  prominent.  Elytra  moderately  long,  about  twice  as 
broad  as  the  prothorax,  subparallel  at  the  base ;  closely,  finely  pnno- 
tato-Btriate,  the  intecBticea  with  nnmerouB  setigerouB  imprcBsions, 
each  of  them  preceded  by  a  small  tubercle — thtee  near  the  apex  of  1, 
ten  scattered  between  the  base  and  apex  of  3,  five  or  aix  on  6,  and 
eight  on  9,  those  on  6  and  9  placed  along  the  apical  halt.  Legs 
moderately  slender,  roughly  punctured  and  setnloHe,  the  tibiae 
shallowly  suicate  externally. 

Length  8},  breadth  ^  mm.     ( j  T) 

Hab.  Upper  Amazons,  Ega  {H.  W.  Bates). 

One  badly  preserved  axatnple.  iMtgexthtta  S.dromimdes, 
wholly  piceous,  the  eyes  more  approximate,  the  apical 
auteimal  joint  shorter,  the  prothorax  longer  and  more 
coarsely  punctate,  the  legs  roughly  punctured.  The  seti- 
gerouB  impressions  on  the  elytra  are  similar  in  number  and 
position  in  the  two  insects. 

92.  Statira  dromloidM,  d.  sp. 
S-  Elongate,  narrow,  depressed,  moderately  shining;  testaceous, 
the  eyes  black,  the  elytra  piceous  i  the  head  and  elytra  with  a  few 
very  long,  erect,  bristly  hairs,  one  behind  each  eye  being  oonspico- 
ouB.  Head  large,  broad,  rather  convex,  sparsely  punctete,  longi- 
tudinally grooved  between  the  eyes,  the  latter  very  large,  modetat^y 
distant;  antennae  rather  long,  alender,  joints  4-10  gradually  de- 
creasing in  length,  11  extremely  elongate,  equalling  six  or  aeven  of 
the  preoeding  jointe  united.  Frothorax  much  narrower  than  the 
head,  a  tittle  longer  than  broad,  obi ong-campanu late,  closely,  eon- 
apiouously  punctate,  the  interspaces  alutaceous,  the  basal  margin 
sharply  laiaed.  Elytra  moderately  elongate,  twice  as  broad  as  the 
prothorax,  not  much  wider  at  the  middle  than  at  the  baae^  narrowly 
rounded  at  the  tip;  very  finely  ponctato-striate,  the  intereticee 
alutaceous,  almost  flat,  3  with  about  7  setigeroua  impressions  scat- 
tered between  the  base  and  apex,  5  and  9  also  with  tour  similar 
impressions  along  Uieir  apical  half,  and  1  with  two  or  three  near  the 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


Nod  and  liide-known  Lagritdae.  239 

tip,  each  of  them  pieceded  by  a  sin&U  tDbe««le.  Legs  long  and 
■lender. 

Length  6-7,  biewlth  2  mm. 

Hab.  Bbazil,  Ceara  {GouneUe,  ex  coU.  Fry). 

Two  males.  A  narrow,  moderately  shining,  testaceous 
form,  with  piceous,  sparsely  seriato-tubennilate  elytra,  a 
very  broad  head,  a  conspicuously  punctured,  subcsmpanu- 
late  prothoTaz,  and  an  extremely  elongate  apical  joint 
to  the  (J-antenna.  5.  dromioidea  is  very  Uke  various 
similarly  coloured  species  of  the  Carabid-genus  Dromius. 

93.  Stafira  ifenoptera,  n.  sp. 

Elongtit«,  narrow,  the  head  and  protboraz  dull,  the  elytra  shining ; 
tcstaoeooB  or  obsonie  teataeeoiu,  (he  eyes  black,  the  aides  of  the 
elytm  broadly  and  indeterminately,  the  prothorax,  and  the  poaterior 
fflmora  in  t^eir  outer  half,  more  or  leu  inf luoate ;  the  elytra  with  a 
few  very  long  bristly  hairs.  He«d  large,  transrersely  convex,  much 
broader  than  the  prothorax,  closely  punctate,  the  eyea  Utge,  narrowly 
separated  in  ^,  moi«  distant  in  $;  antennae  Blender  [outer  joints 
missing].  Prothonx  much  longer  than  bioad,  oblong-oampanu' 
l»te,  constricted  before  the  bii«e,  the  basal  margin  raised ;  somewhat 
closely,  conspicuouHly  punctate,  the  intenpacee  olntaceous.  Elytra 
long,  narrow,  slightly  widened  at  the  middle  and  there  twice  as 
wide  as  the  prothorax,  somewhat  acuminate  posteriorly,  deeply, 
obliquely  depressed  on  the  disc  below  the  base,  and  also  longitudin- 
ally hollowed  towards  the  sides  just  below  this;  closely,  finely 
punotato-striate,  the  interstices  almost  flat,  3  with  five  or  six  setiger- 
cms  impreesiona  scattered  between  the  base  and  apex,  and  1  and  6 
with  one  or  two,  and  9  with  three,  similar  impreeBiona  towards  the 
tip. 

Laigth  6-ef,  breadth  1$  mm. 

Hab.  Amazons,  Ega,  Santarem  {H.  W.  Boies). 

Two  specimens,  assumed  to  be  <^  and  $.  A  narrow, 
fragile  form,  with  a  larce  head,  alUed  to  S.  dTomimdea  and 
8.  casnonioides,  the  head  and  prothorax  punctured  as  in  the 
former,  and  the  elytra  deeply  excavate  below  the  base  as 
in  the  latter;  the  prothorax  is  long  and  narrow,  as  in 
S.  dromioides. 

94.  Statlra  qnadristgnata,  n.  sp. 
(J.  Elongate,  narrow,  shining,  the  eljrtra  dull ;   testaceous,  the 
eyes  and  two  brood  transTeree  fasciae  on  the  elytra  (one  ba«al,  nar- 
rowed outwards,  the  second  broader,  post-median,  straight,  neither 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


240  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

reaohing  the  Butui«  or  outer  margin)  black ;  the  el  jtn  wi tb  scattered 
long,  erect,  bristly  haira.  Head  Bparaely,  very  minutely  punctate, 
canaliculate  between  tlie  eyes,  the  latter  very  large  and  narrowly 
separated;  antennae  moderately  slender,  joint  11  as  long  as  8-10 
united.  Prothorax  longer  than  broad,  almost  aa  wide  as  the  head, 
subcotdate,  dilated  at  the  base,  sparsely,  very  minutely  punctate. 
Elytra  long,  rather  narrow,  rapidly  narrowed  from  the  middle,  and 
pointed  at  the  apex;  closely,  finely,  shallowly  punctate -striata,  the 
alternate  interstices  1,3,  6,  7,  and  9  with  a  series  of  scattered,  deep, 
setigerous  impressions  extending  from  the  base  to  the  apex,  the 
impressions  each  preceded  by  a  small  tubercle.  , 
Length  6|,  breadth  S  mm. 

Hab.  AuAZONS,  Santarem  (H.  W.  Bates). 

One  male.  Not  unlike  S.  bryatUi,  Pic,  fiom  Trinidad, 
but  with  the  elytral  aculpture  similar  to  that  of  the  widely 
distributed  S.  aaperata.  Champ. ;  the  elytra  longer  and  more 
acuminate  than  in  the  Trinidad  insect,  and  very  differently 
marked,  the  tvo  broad  black  fasciae  (basal  and  poet-median) 
not  leaching  the  suture  and  thus  forming  two  large  trans- 
verse patches  on  each  wing-case. 

95.  atattra  brjranti.     (Plate  XII,  fig.  22,  ^.) 

Suuira  bryatUi,  Pic,  L'Ek;hange,  xzviii,  p.  100  (Jan.  1913). 

Antennal  joint  11  in  ^  about  as  long  as  7-10,  in  $  equalling  8-10, 
united. 

Hab.  Trinidad  (0.  E.  Bryant :  iii.  1903). 

There  are  two  niales  and  three  females  of  this  specdes  in 
Mr.  Bryant's  collection.  A  narrow,  testaceous  form  allied 
to  the  Central  American  S.  conspiciUata,  Makl.,  the  pro- 
thoraz  with  a  black  submarginal  line  on  each  side  of  the 
prothorax,  and  the  elytra  with  two  transverse  fasciae 
(one  just  below  the  base,  broad,  the  other  narrower,  curved, 
median),  usually  connected  along  the  first  interstice,  and  an 
oblong  streak  on  the  disc  towards  the  apex  (in  one  specimen 
extending  forward  to  the  median  fascia),  blackishormetallic. 
The  elytra  are  closely,  finely  punctato-striate  to  the  tip, 
the  third  and  ninth  interstices  each  with  from  2-4  scattered 
setigerous  impressions  on  the  apical  third.  The  prothorax 
is  rather  closely,  minutely  punctate  and  more  or  less  dis- 
tinctly canaliculate.  The  description  of  the  similarly 
coloured  S.  quadrimaculaia,  Makl.,  from  Colombia,  applies 


ll,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


New  and  tittle-knovm  Lagriidae.  241 

very  neariy  to  the  Trinidad  insect,  except  that  the  pro- 
thorax  in  the  former  is  said  to  be  almost  impunctate  and 
the  fine  median  channel  is  not  mentioned. 

96.  Stetln  vlrldtelnett,  n.  sp. 

Uoderately  elongate,  narrow,  shining;  toetaoeouB,  the  eyes  black, 
the  protliorax  wilh  a  nigro-fuBcoua  gubmargmal  vitta  on  each  side 
(abbreviated  or  wanting  in  iinmature  exampie«) ;  the  elytra  with 
two  tranBTeiBC  metallio  green  fasciae  of  variable  extent — ona  baaal, 
not  reaching  the  humeri,  and  Bometimea  enclosing  an  oblique  tes- 
taceous spot  on  the  disc,  the  other  median,  angulate,  the  two  aome- 
tintee  ootmeoted  along  the  suture,  and  in  two  apecimena  at  the  sMee 
ako ;  the  elytra  with  a  few  long,  erect,  bristly  haiis.  Head  sparsely, 
minutely  punctate,  tranversely  depressed  in  the  middle  between  the 
eyee,  the  latter  large,  distant;  antennae  long,  slender,  joint  11  in  (J 
About  as  long  as  7-10,  in  $  as  long  as  8-10,  united.  Prothorax 
narrower  than  the  head  in  ,J,  slightly  wider  in  ?,  not  longer  than 
broad,  cordate,  dilated  at  the  base,  sparsely,  minutely  punctate. 
Elytra  moderately  long,  gradually  widened  to  tbe  middle  and  there 
twice  as  wide  aa  the  prothorax;  closely,  finely,  deeply  punctato- 
striate,  tbe  interaticee  somewhat  convex,  3  with  from  aix  to  eight 
oonspiououe  setigeroua  impressions  scattered  between  the  base  and 
ufiex,  9  also  with  three  similar  impreesions  towards  the  tip. 

Length  6t-6|.  breadth  2-2^  mm.    {3<f.) 

Bab.  AuAZONS,  Santarem,  Ega  (H.  W.  Bates),  Para 
{GounsUe). 

Nine  specimens,  varying  in  the  development  of  the  pro- 
thoracic  and  elytral  marlangs,  and  in  the  puncturing  of  the 
piothoraz.  The  metaUic  coloration  on  the  elytra  in  the 
Para  example  is  so  extended  as  to  leave  two  oblique  fasciae 
on  the  disc  of  each  of  them,  and  a  common  apical  patch, 
testaceous.  It  is  quite  posaible  that  these  insects  will 
prove  to  be  inseparable  from  the  Colombian  S.  quadri- 
maculala,  M&kl.,  which,  to  judge  from  the  description,  has 
a  longer,  almost  impunctate  prothorax,  fewer  setigeroua 
impressions  on  the  third  elytral  interstice  (and  those 
placed  towards  the  apex),  and  a  dark  ante-apical  epot.  S. 
bryatUi,  Pic,  from  Trinidad,  which  ia  similarly  coloured, 
has  shorter  antennae,  a  longer  and  distinctly  canaliculate 
prothorax,  and  fewer  setigerous  impressions  on  the  elytra. 
8.  viridimitata,  Pic,  from  Cumbase,  Peru,  must  be  another 
allied  form. 

TRANS.  ENT.  80C.  LOND.  1917. — PART  I.      (NOV.)  K 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


242  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

97.  Statin  eonneu,  n.  ap.    (Plate  XIII,  fig.  23,  3.) 

Rather  short,  narrow,  somewhat  convex,  shining,  glabrous ; 
testaceous,  the  ejee  and  the  base  of  the  antennae,  and  the  elytra  with 
two  transTwse  fasciae  (one  close  to  the  base,  the  other  submedian, 
connected  along  the  suture),  and  in  one  example  (ij)  a  common, 
transverse,  subapical  patch  at  th«  termination  of  the  narrow  Bulural 
streak,  black  or  fuscous.  Heed  large,  broad,  sparsely,  obsoleteiy 
punotulate,  flattwed  between  the  eyes,  the  latter  Ibi^  and  moderately 
distant;  antAnnae  (,})  elongate,  slender,  joint  11  as  long  as  9 aitd  10 
united,  ($)  much  shorter,  joint  11  lees  elongate.  Prothorai  l<mger 
than  broad,  oblongo-subcordate,  the  basal  constriction  moderately 
deep ;  closely,  findy  punctate.  Elytra  rather  short,  twice  as  wide  as 
the  prothorax,  subparallel  in  their  basal  half  in  S>  dilated  posteriorly 
in  $,  transversely  depressed  below  the  base ;  closely,  somewhat 
deeply  punota to -striate,  the  punctures  rather  coarse  on  the  basal 
half,  fine  on  the  apical  declivity,  the  interBtioee  convex  towatds  the 
sides  and  apex.    Femora  strongly  clavate. 

Length  41-5,  breadth  li-lln™-    (39-) 

Hah.  Amazons,  Santarem  [(J.  type],  Ega  [$]  {H.  W. 
Bales). 

One  pair,  the  male  with  the  elytial  marMngB  more 
developed  than  in  the  female.  A  small,  comparatively  short 
fonn,  not  unlike  an  Anthicua,  with  the  el3^ra  fasciate  much 
as  in  S.  viridicinOa  from  tlie  same  Amazonian  localities, 
and  S.  bryanti,  Pic,  from  Trinidad.  iS.  connexa  would 
perhaps  be  better  placed  in  the  genua  Colparthrum;  but 
till  the  structure  of  the  mandibles,  etc.  has  been  examined, 
the  insect  ia  better  left  under  Slalira,  The  apical  joint 
of  the  labial  palpi  is  securiform  and  rather  small;  the 
femora  abruptly  clavate. 

98.  SUtira  viridltasdata,  n.  sp. 
EUongata,  narrow,  shining ;  testaceous,  the  eyta  black,  the  elytra 
with  two  broad,  transverse,  metallic  green  fasciae— one  baaal,  not 
induding  the  humeri,  the  other  post'inedian,  the  two  connected 
along  the  suture,  the  second  extending  a  short  distance  down  the 
first  interstice  poeteriorly  j  the  elytra  with  a  few  long,  erect,  bristly 
hairs  towards  the  apex.  Head  almost  smooth,  with  a  shallow, 
transverse,  sparsely  punctate  fovea  between  the  eyes,  the  latter  very 
lai^;  antennae  long  and  slender,  joint  11  as  long  as  7-10  united. 
Prothorai  longer  than  broad,  oblongo-cordate,  strongly  oonstriolcd 
before  the  dilated  base ;  closely,  finely  punctate.    Elytra  long,  paralM 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lL' 


Nae  and  little-ibunm  Lagriidae.  243 

their  basal  half;  oloselj,  finely,  deeply  punotato-Btriate,  the 
interatioee  convex  beyond  the  middle,  3  with  four  deep  setigeroiu 
lesions  scattered  along  the  apical  half,  1  with  one  and  9  with 
two  similar  impressions  near  the  tip.  Legs  long;  anterior  femora 
strongly  cIsTate ;  anterior  tibiae  ronnded  estemally  at  the  base. 

Length  9},  breadth  2}  mm.    (^  T) 

Sab.  Uffeb  Auazons,  Ega  (H.  W.  Bates). 

One  specimen.  A  close  ally  of  S.  calophaenoides,  infra, 
with  the  broad  elytral  faaciae  green  and  connected  along 
the  sutoie,  the  setigeious  impressions  deep  and  veiy  few  in 
number,  foui  only  being  present  on  the  third  interstice. 
The  elytra  are  paiallel,  not  widened  towards  the  middle. 
S.  vindinataUt,  Pic  (Melanges  ezot.-entom.  iv,  p.  15),  from 
Cumbase,  Peru,  must  be  very  similar;  but  as  nothing  is 
said  about  the  testaceous  humeral  patch,  and  it  apparently 
has  more  numerous  setae  on  the  elytra,  the  identification 
cannot  be  accepted  without  an  examination  of  the  type. 

99.  SlftUra  elegaatnls,  n.  sp.     (Plate  XIII,  fig.  24,  <^.) 

ij.  Moderately  elongate,  narrow,  depressed,  shining;  testaceous, 
the  eyes  black,  the  elytra,  except  the  basal  margin,  an  ante-median 
tmoBTerse  fascia  (widened  outwards  and  not  reaching  the  suture], 
and  the  apex,  metallic  green  or  bluish  green ;  the  elytra  with  a  few, 
long,  erect,  bristly  haira.  Head  almost  smooth,  with  a  shallow, 
transTerse,  punctured  depression  between  the  eyes,  the  latter 
moderately  large ;  sntemtoe  long  and  slender,  joints  7-10  decreasing 
in  length,  11  extremely  elongate,  about  as  long  as  4-10  united. 
Prothorax  narrower  than  the  head,  longer  than  broad,  oblongo- 
cordate,  dilated  at  the  base;  sparsely,  minutely  punctate,  in  one 
specimen  obsoletely  canaliculate  on  the  disc  anteriorly.  Elytra 
moderately  long,  subparallel  in  their  basal  half,  nearly  twice  as 
broad  as  the  prothorax;  closely,  finely,  deeply  puncUto -striate, 
the  interstices  convex,  3  with  four  or  five  widely  scattered  setigerous 
impressions,  and  9  with  two  similar  impiessions  at  the  base.  Legs 
l<mg,  slender;  anterior  femora  stout,  clavate;  anterior  tibiae 
obliquely  narrowed  externally  at  the  base. 

length  fit-6l,  breadth  1^2  mm. 

Hob.  Ahazons,  Ega  and  Para  (H.  W.  Bates). 

Three  specimens,  showing  no  variation.  Smaller  and 
more  slender  than  S.  vindifasciata;  the  elytra  less  elongate, 
and  with  the  green  coloration  more  extended,  leaving  the 
basal  mai^in,  fui  inwardly-narrowed,  abbreviated,  ante- 
median  fascia,  and  a  small  patch  at  the  apex  testaceous ; 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


244  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

the  apical  joint  of  the  antennae  (^)  extremely  elongate. 
The  anterioT  tibiae  are  compresBed  at  the  base  mnch  as 
in  S.  elegant,  Makl.,  but  the  species  seems  b«8t  placed  next 
S.  viridyasdata. 

100.  Statira  ealophaenoidei,  n.  sp. 

Elongate,  narrow,  depieeaed,  Bhining;  tMtaceoua,  the  eyes  and 
two  broad  straight  fasciae  on  the  elytra  (one  basal,  the  other  poit- 
median)  black;  the  elytra  with  scattered,  long,  erect,  bristly  hairs. 
Head  sparsely,  minutely  ponotate,  ehallowly  foveate  betwetn  the 
eyes,  the  latter  large  and  not  very  widely  separated ;  antennae  very 
long  and  slendw,  joint  1 1  in  ij  nearly  equalling  the  preceding  five, 
and  in  $  a  little  longer  than  the  preceding  three,  joints  united. 
Prothorai  as  wide  as  the  head  in  $,  slightly  narrower  in  ij,  long^ 
than  broad,  cordate,  dilated  at  the  base,  sparsely,  minutely  punctate, 
obaoletely  canaliculate  anteriorly.  Elytra  moderatdy  long,  at  the 
middle  twice  as  broad  as  the  prothorax,  gradually  widened  in  their 
basal  half,  flatteoed  on  the  disc,  rounded  at  the  apex;  closely, 
finely  crenato-striate,  the  interstices  feebly  convex  towards  the  tip, 
1,  3  and  6  with  scattered  setigerous  impreeaions  throu^iont  their 
length,  and  7  and  9  with  three  or  four  similar  impressions  on  the 
apical  half.  Lega  long;  anterior  femora  stout;  anterior  tibiie 
rounded  estemally  at  the  base. 

I.eiigth  ^-^,  breadth  21-2f  mm. 

HtA.  Peru  {ex  coU.  F.  Bates). 

Two  examples,  assumed  to  be  sexes.  This  insect 
superficially  resembles  a  small  Calophaena  (a  Tropical 
American  genus  of  Carabidae],  some  of  the  species  of  which 
are  similarly  nigro-bifasciate.  It  is  of  about  the  same  aee 
and  shape  as  S.  elegans,  Makl,,  the  latter  having  metallic 
green  elytra,  etc. 

101.  Statin  Hgregata,  n.  sp. 

3.  Extremely  like  S.  caiophaewndM,  and  similarly  coloured, 
except  that  the  transverse  black  basal  fascia  on  the  elytra  is  broader 
than  the  submedian  one;  antennae  very  long  and  slender,  joint  II 
nearly  as  long  as  6-10  united;  the  prothorax  more  narrowed 
anteriorly ;  the  setigerous  impressions  on  the  eljrtra  fewer  in  number, 
reduced  to  six  along  interstice  3,  and  two  or  three  only  towards 
the  apex  of  1,  C,  7,  and  9. 

Length  %^,  breadth  2}  mm. 

H(A.  Upper  Ahazoks,  Ega  (H.  W.  BaUs). 

u.,.w,,t;  Google 


New  attd  liOlfr-inown  Lagriidae.  245 

One  male,  sufficiently  difierent  from  ;S.  cahphaenoidea 
to  leqnite  a  diBtiiictive  specific  oi  varietal  name. 

102.  Stelira  uminign,  n.  sp.    (Plate  XIII,  &g.  25.) 

Elongate,  narrow,  shining ;  mfo-teetaceouB,  the  eyee  and  the 
apical  half  of  the  elytra  black ;  the  elytra  with  a  few,  long,  erect, 
briatly  hairs.  Head  almost  amooth,  shallowly  foveate  in  the  iniddle 
between  the  eyee,  the  latter  large  and  moderately  distant ;  antennae 
long  and  slender,  joint  11  as  long  as  8-10  united.  Prothorax  aa 
wide  as  the  head,  not  longer  than  broad,  cordate,  deeply  oonstricted 
before  the  base,  the  basal  margin  much  raJEed  and  laterally  project- 
ing; almost  smooth,  obeoletely  canaliculate  at  the  apen.  Elytra 
long,  subparallel  in  their  basal  half;  closely,  finely  puncta  to -striate, 
the  interstice  3  with  aii,  and  5  and  9  each  with  three  or  four,  widely 
scattered  setigerous  impieesione,  1  also  with  two  impiessions  at  the 
apex.    Femora  more  or  leas  clavate. 

L^igth  7},  breadth  2i  mm.    ($t) 

Hob.  Upper  Auazohs,  San  Paulo  [de  Olivenca]  (H.  W. 
Bales). 

One  specimen.  Differs  from  the  allied  S.  adophaetwides 
in  having  the  apical  half  only  of  the  elytra  black,  and  the 
bead  and  prothoraz  shorter  and  broader,  the  latter  almost 
smooth,  the  elytra  with  scattered  setigerous  impressions  on 
the  interstices  3^  5,  and  9. 

103.  Statira  Irlsdlata,  a.  sp.    (Plate  XIII,  fig.  26,  <$.) 

S-  Very  elongate,  shining;  rufo-teetaceoua,  the  eyea  and  three 
oblique,  angulate  fasciae  on  the  elytra  (one  before  and  one  just 
beyond  the  middle,  neither  reaching  the  suture,  and  one,  narrower, 
Bnbapical,  the  last-named  continued  down  the  first  interstice  and 
oater  margin  to  near  the  tip)  black ;  the  elytra  with  a  few,  long, 
erect,  bristly  hairs.  Head  almost  smooth,  longitudinally  grooved 
betwetm  the  eyee,  the  latter  lai^e,  moderately  distant;  antennae 
slender,  long,  joints  S-10  decreasing  in  length,  11  extremely  elongate, 
as  long  as  6-10  united.  Prothoraz  as  wide  as  the  head,  a  little 
broader  than  long,  subcordate, dilated  at  the  base;  sparsely, finely 
punctate  at  the  base  and  with  two  deep  widely  separated  f  oveae  on  the 
diso  poetoriotly.  Elytra  somewhat  convex,  very  elongate,  twice  aa 
brood  as'the  prothorax,  gradually  widened  to  the  middle,  acuminate 
at  the  tip:  closely,  finely  crenato-striate  from  base  to  apex,  the 
interstices  convex,  3,  5,  and  7  with  scattered  setigerous  impreesions 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


246  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

throughout  their  length,  I  and  9  also  with  several  aimilar  impteB- 
sions  OD  the  apical  half.    Legs  veiy  long,  i«ther  alaider. 

Var.  The  upper  Burfaee  uniformly  oastaneoos. 

Length  HH^.  breadth  3)-3i  °>°>- 

H<A.  Colombia,  Ibague  {Mus.  Brit.). 

Two  specimens,  acquiied  in  1846.  A  very  elongate, 
somewhat  convex,  shining,  rufo-testaceous  or  castaneouB 
insect,  with  sharply,  obliquely,  nigro-trisellate  elytra 
in  the  form  selected  as  the  type,  the  elytrsl  striae 
lather  deeply  impressed  and  crenato-punctate,  the  alter- 
nate interstices  with  scattered  setigerous  impressions.  The 
two  {oveae  near  the  base  of  the  prothorax  cannot  be  acci- 
dental. The  aedeagus  (partly  exposed  in  the  type)  is 
narrowed  to  the  tip,  and  a  pair  of  narrow  carved  claspers 
are  visible  beneath  the  fifth  ventral  segment.  S.  triadlala 
cannot  be  identified  amongst  the  28  Colombian  SUUirae 
described  by  Maklin  in  1878;  it  is  coloured  somewhat  as 
in  Colparthrum  gerstackeri,  Kirsch.  The  immaculate  form 
must  come  near  his  S.femtginea :  the  latter  is  said  to  have 
a  somewhat  densely  punctured  prothorax  and  the  elytral 
striae  evanescent  towards  the  apex. 

104.  Statlra  puaensis,  n.  sp. 

Moderately  elongate,  narrow,  the  head  and  prothorax  subopaque, 
the  elytra  shimng;  t«etBceouB,  the  eyes  black,  the  elytra  with  a 
narrow,  nlgro-fuscouB,  traneverse,  undulate,  poet-median  fascia — 
sometimee  extending  narrowly  forwards  along  the  suture  and  dilated 
anteriorly  into  a  faint  triangular  scutellar  patch,  sometimes  not 
reaching  the  suture  or  altogether  wanting;  the  elytra  with  a  few 
very  long,  erect,  bristly  hairs.  Head  almost  smooth,  longitudinally 
impressed  between  the  eyes,  the  latter  large  and  somewhat  widely 
separated;  antennae  long,  slender,  joint  11  in  <}  aboat  equalling 
8-10,  and  in  9  ^  and  10,  united.  Prothorax  as  long  as  broad, 
nearly  or  quite  as  wide  as  the  head,  coidate,  dilated  at  the  base; 
ajmoHt  impunctate.  Elytra  moderately  long,  gradually  widened  to 
the  middle;  very  Gnely,  oloeely  punctato^tiiate,  smoother  at  the 
apex,  the  interstices  flat,  3  with  about  seven  conspicuous  setigetous 
impressions  scattered  along  ita  entire  length,  6  and  9  with  three 
or  four  similar  impressions  on  the  apical  half,  and  1  with  one  or  two 
near  the  tip.    Aedeagus  of  j  strongly  acuminate  at  the  tip. 

Length  6i-6,  breadth  li-2i  mm.    (^9-) 

Hob.  Lower  Amazons,  Para  (H.  W.  Bates). 

iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


New  and  litite-kiwwn  LagnOae.  247 

Five  BpeciineD — ^three  fas<^ate,  two  immaculate.  A 
fono  of  tne  Central  American  8.  picla,  Champ.,  with  the 
apical  joint  of  the  antennae  shorter  in  both  sexes  (ju  S. 
picta,  ^,  equalling  7-10  united),  the  head  with  a  deeper 
longitiidinal  groove  between  the  eyes,  and  the  elytral 
markings,  when  present,  showing  a  tendency  to  extend 
forward  along  the  suture  to  the  scutellar  region  (instead  of 
along  the  outer  margin  to  the  humeri,  as  in  5.  picta),  the 
scattered  setigerous  impressions  along  the  third  interstice 
very  conspicuous. 

105.  SUtfnt  einnmduflta,  n.  sp. 

3.  Moderately  elongate,  depi«aeed,  Bhining;  nifo-testaoeooa, 
tlie  eyes  black,  the  elytia  with  the  suture  narrowly,  and  a  common, 
transTBTse,  curved  median  fascia,  which  is  continued  forwards  along 
the  outer  part  of  the  disc  to  tlie  basB,  nigro-fuscous ;  the  elytra  with 
»  few  long  erect  setae.  Head  broad,  spaisel;,  minutely  punctate, 
grooved  down  the  middle  betweco  the  eyes,  the  latt«r  large  and 
separated  by  about  the  width  of  one  of  them ;  antennae  moderately 
long,  rather  Blender,  joint  II  slightJy  longer  than  S-10  united.  Pro- 
thorax  narrower  than  the  head,  about  as  long  as  broad,  auboordate, 
dilated^t  the  baBe ;  almost  smooth,  faintly  canaliculate  down  the 
middle  anteriorly.  Elytra  twice  as  broad  as  the  prothorax,  moder- 
ately long,  gradually  widened  to  the  middle,  obliquely  depressed 
below  the  base ;  olosdy,  finely  punotato-striate,  the  interetioea  3,  6 
and  9  each  with  about  six  widely  separated  setigerous  impicsBions, 
and  1  and  7  with  one  or  two  similar  impreesions  near  the  apex. 

Length  8,  breadth  2)  nun. 

Hob.  Ecuador  (Buckley). 
f  One  male.  Very  like  8.  vageguUata,  Pic,  and  its  allies, 
but  wanting  the  deep  lanciform  sulcus  on  the  front  of  the 
prothorax,  the  dark  markings  on  the  anterior  half  of  the 
elytra  partly  enclosing  a  broad,  elongate,  subquadrate 
patch  of  the  testaceous  ground-colour  on  the  disc  of  each 
of  them. 

106.  Stattra  snUentstrata,  n.  sp. 
Moderately   elongate,  narrow,    shining,   testaceous ;    the   eyes 

black,  the  elytra  with  a  broad  basal  and  a  narrow  median  fascia, 
connected  along  the  suture  and  approaching  one  another  at  the  sides, 
nigro-piceous ;  the  elytra  with  a  few  long,  erect,  bristly  hairs.  Head 
laige,  broad,  obliquely  narrowed  and  well  developed  behind  the 
eyes,  sparsely,  obsoletely  punctate,  the  eyes  smell,  widely  eepaislf  d ; 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


248  Mi.  G.  G.  Champion  on 

aatoimae  very  slender,  moderately  long,  joint  1 1  barely  the  lengtii  of 
9  and  10  united.  Prothoras  narrow,  longer  tlum  broad,  coidate, 
widened  at  the  base,  apaisely,  finely  punctate.  Elytra  moderately 
riongate,  twice  as  broad  as  the  prothorax,  gradually  widened  to  the 
middlp,  acuminate  posteriorly;  ahallowly,  minately  striato-punc- 
tate,  smooth  at  the  apex,  the  inteistices  flat,  3  and  5  with  four  or  five 
widely  scattered  oonspionous  aetigerous  impressions,  7  and  9  also 
with  two  or  three  similar  impressions  towards  the  tip. 
Lengths},  breadth  1{  mm.    ($T) 

Hab.  AuAZONS,  Santarem  (H.  W.  Baiet). 

One  specimen,  imperfect.  A  very  narrow,  testaceous 
insect  appioacIuDg  S.  vageguUala,  Pic,  with  the  elytra 
somewhat  similarly  maculate ;  the  head  large,  the  eyes  small, 
the  antennae  miusually  slender,  and  with  a  feebly  developed 
apical  joint,  the  prothorax  qmte  narrow,  punctulate,  and 
without  sulcus  in  front,  the  seriate  elytral  ptmctures  very 
fine  and  shallow.  The  piothorax  and  elytra  aie  differently 
shaped  from  those  of  8.  paraensis. 

107.  Statir»  multino'tata.     (Plate  XIII,  fig.  27,  ?.) 

Suuira  muUinobUa,  Pic,  Melanges  exot.-entom.  iv,  p.  15 
(Sept.  1912). 

Ant«mal  joint  11  in  (^  as  long  as  7-10,  in  $  as  long  as  8-10, 


Hab.  Bkazil  (coU.  Pic :  type),  Minas  Geraea  (Mus. 
Brit.). 

Three  examples  in  the  Museum,  two  of  which  ate  from 
Minas  Geraes,  are  doubtless  referable  to  this  species.  A 
narrow,  elongate  insect,  8^9  mm.  in  length  (Pic  gives 
10  mm.),  rufo-testaceous  in  colour,  the  elytra  flavous,  with 
the  numerous  scattered  setigerous  impressions  along  the 
alternate  interstices  each  placed  in  a  sharply-defined, 
subquadrate,  blackish  or  fuscous  spot,  those  on  the  fiwt 
(sutural)  interstice  confined  to  the  apical  half.  The  eyes 
ate  large  and  somewhat  narrowly  sepatated,  the  space 
between  them  depressed  down  the  middle. 

108.  Statira  vagegutUta.     (Plate  XIII,  fig.  28,  S.) 

Stalira  vagegiUtaia,  Pic,  L'Echange,  xxviii,  p.  75  (Oct.  1912). 
Statira  vagenolata,  Pic,  loo.  cit.  p.  76, 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lc 


New  and  litde-lmmon  Lagriidae.  249 

Var.  Piot^orai  with  a  dbttow  bUutk  vitU  on  each  Bide  near  the 
outer  maigiti.  Joint  11  of  uitamafl  in  (^  as  long  aa  four  or  five 
of  the  piecedmg  jointa  united,  in  $  about  equalling  8-10  united. 

Length  5-8},  breadth  l|~2f  nun.    1,$^) 

Bab.  Brazil  {Mus.  Brit.,  M\ts.  Oxon.),  Rio  de  Janeiro 
{Fry),  Constancia  (J.  Gray  and  H.  Clark,  Jan.  1857), 
MatUBinhos  [type  of  5.  rojeywUata]  and  Sens  de  Bemarda 
[type  of  S.  vagenofata]  {cdl.  Pic) ;  Amazons  {H.  W.  Bates, 
ex  cdl.  Fry). 

This  seems  to  be  one  of  the  commonest  species  of  the 
genus  in  the  neighbouthood  of  Bio  de  Janeiro,  but  it  was 
apparently  unknown  to  Maklin.  The  long  series  before 
me,  including  many  specimens  belonging  to  the  Oxford 
Museum,  illustrate  the  great  variation  in  the  development  of 
the  elytra!  maridngs,  the  additional  variety  here  noted  (eight 
specimens  seen)  simply  differing  in  having  a  submarginal 
black  line  on  each  side  of  the  prothorax.  The  commonest 
form  has  three  dark  angulate  fasciae  on  the  elytra — one 
just  below  the  baae,  another  at  the  middle,  these  connected 
along  the  sntnral  and  outer  margins,  and  a  narrower  one 
towards  the  apex,  this  latter  connected  with  the  median 
fascia  along  the  suture  and  outer  margin  and  down  the 
middle  of  the  disc  (the  fuscous  markings  thus  enclosing 
on  each  elytron  a  la^e  ante-median  discoidal  patch,  and 
two  transversely  placed  oblong  marks  behind  it,  of  the 
yellowiah  gronnd-coloot) ;  the  dark  coloration  sometimes 
eztends  over  the  whole  of  the  apical  portion,  or  it  may  be 
almost  entirely  or  in  great  part  obHterated.  S.  vageguUata  is 
Teadily  recognisable  by  the  deep,  sharply-defined,  elongate- 
triangular  sulcus  on  the  disc  of  the  prothorax  in  front; 
the  prothorax  iUe\i  ia  sparsely,  very  finely  punctate,  and 
usually  shining,  sometimes  opaque.  The  elytra  are  finely 
ponctato-striate,  the  interstices  3, 5,  7,  and  9  each  with  from 
two  to  four,  and  1  with  one  or  two,  scattered  setigerous 
impressions  on  the  apical  half.  There  is  a  specimen  before 
nie  from  the  Dejean  collection  labelled  with  the  MS.  name 
S.  pkta,  Buq.  [nee  Champ.]  and  one  from  the  Oxford  Museum 
is  ticketed  8.  varians,  Hope.  The  general  resemblance  of 
this  insect  to  a  spotted  Drmnitis  is  rather  striking. 

109.  8taflralnd)leollU,n.Bp.    (Plate  XIII,  figs.  29,  antenna; 

29a,  prothorax,  {^.) 

(J.  Moderately  elongat«,  narrow,  depressed,   shining;   rufo-  or 

fiaro-testaoeouB,  the  lltb  anl^awal  joint  slightly  infuscate,  the  eyes, 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


250  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

the  elytra  to  a  little  beyond  the  middle,  esoept  around  the  soutellom 
and  on  an  obljqae  or  subtriangular  space  on  the  disc,  and  in  one 
speoimm  a  nanov,  tnuuverse  oblique  mark  on  Ihe  disc  before  the 
apex,  black ;  the  elytra  with  several  erect  bristly  hairs  towaida  the 
tip.  Head  broad,  sparBcIy,  minutely  panctat«,  obeoletely  canalicu- 
late between  the  eyee,  the  latter  Urge,  separated  by  about  tjie 
width  of  one  of  tbem;  antennae  (fig.  29)  elntder,  moderately  long, 
jointe  3-10  rapidly  decreasing  in  length,  7-10  moniliform,  II  es- 
tremely  elongate,  about  as  long  as  3-10  united.  Prothoras  (fig.  29a) 
narrower  tlisn  the  head,  about  as  long  as  broad,  cordate,  dilated 
at  thebaMi  sparsely,  minutely  punctate,  and  with  a  deep  lancif onn 
BulouH  on  the  disc  in  front.  Elytra  moderately  long,  gradually 
widened  to  the  middle;  closely,  finely  punctato-striate,  the  iuter- 
Bticea  broad,  feebly  convex  at  the  apex,  3,  G,  and  9  with  threeor  four 
scattered  setigerous  impreaBions  on  the  posterior  Iialf,  1  also  with  a 
single  impression  near  the  tip. 

Var.  The  prothorax  broadly  inf  usoate  along  the  sides,  the  blackish 
portion  of  the  elytra  more  extended,  reaching  the  subapioal 
mark.    (tS.) 

Length  6)-6-  breadth  11~2  mm. 

HrA.  Lower  Auazons,  Santarem  {H.  W.  Bates :  type); 
Brazil,  Pemambnco  {Fry :  var.). 

Described  from  three  specimens,  one  of  those  from 
Santarem  now  wantmg  the  antennae.  A  very  close  ally 
of  S.  vagegvUata,  Pic,  with  the  apical  joint  of  the  ^  antenna 
nearly  as  long  as  the  rest  united,  and  the  joints  preceding 
it  moniliform.  There  is  also  a  corresponduig  vanety  with 
a  laterally  fusco-vittate  prothorax.  It  ia  just  possible  that 
these  insects  may  be  forms  of  S.  brasUiemia,  ^c  (Melanges 
exot.-entom.  iv,  p.  19),  which  is  said  to  have  a  long  terminal 

{'oint  to  the  antennae ;  but  without  comparison,  it  would 
le  unsafe  to  identify  them  as  such. 

110.  Slatlra  xanlhodera,  n.  sp. 
Moderately  elongate,  shining,  the  elytra  sericeous;  black,  the 
prothorax,  the  femora  at  the  base,  and  the  tarsal  claws  testaceous ; 
the  elytra  with  a  few  long,  erect,  bristly  hairs.  Head  almost  smooth, 
well -developed  behind  the  eyee,  the  latter  small  and  widely  separated ; 
antennae  short,  not  very  slender,  joint  11  equalling  S-10  united. 
Prothorax  as  wide  as  the  bead,  transverse,  subcordate,  dilated  at  the 
base  i  smooth,  with  a  very  deep,  sharply  defined,  oblong  excaT&tion 
on  the  disc  in  front.  Elytra  moderately  long,  about  twice  as  broad 
as  tlie  prothorax,  gradually  widened  to  the  middle,  rounded  at  the 


ih,Cooi^lc 


New  and  little-known  Lagriidae.  2S1 

Rpex;  olo«riy,  minutelj,  very  shallowly  pimota  to -striate,  the  inter- 
stices flat,  3  with  five,  and  S,  7,  and  9  with  two  or  three,  scattered 
setigerouB  impreuiona  on  the  apical  half,  1  ^bo  with  a  single  impies- 
aion  near  the  tip. 

Length  6,  bnadth  2^  nun.    ($  T) 

Hab.  Brazil,  Sasta  Cathaiina  (Fry). 

One  specimen.  This  is  one  of  the  veiy  few  species  of  the 
genus  known  to  me  with  a  deep,  oblong,  buIcob  on  the  disc 
of  the  prothoisx  in  front.  This  character  brings  it  near 
S.  vageguttata,  Pic,  from  which  it  differs  greatly  in  colour, 
and  in  having  short  antennae,  araaller  eyes,  and  very  faintly 
striate  elytra.  The  wholly  black  body  and  testaceous 
prothoraz,  too,  ate  characteristic. 

HI.  SUtfn  flfforato.    (Plate  XIII,  fig.  30,  $.) 

Statirafyurata,  Makl.,  Act.  Soc.  Fenn.  vii,  p.  158  (1862). 
IStaiiTa  lunidala.  Pic,  Melanges    exot.-entom.   iv,   p.   18 
(Sept.  1912). 

Elongate,  rather  broad,  very  abioing;  nifo-,  the  elytra  flavo- 
teataceoiu,  the  eyee,  the  prothorax  with  a  submarginal  line  on  each 
side, and  theelytrawithanaTTow,anguIatep08t'baBalaada  broader 
carved  median  fascia — these  markings  connected  along  the  suture 
and  outer  margin  (the  eutural  stripe  extending  don-nwards  to  near 
the  apex),  and  the  post-basal  fascia  with  a  curved  ramus  extending 
forwards  along  the  middle  of  the  disc  to  the  scutellum — black; 
the  elytra  and  the  sides  of  the  head  thickly  set  with  rery  long,  erect, 
eetiform  hairs,  the  l^s,  antennae,  and  under  surface  also  with 
(easily  abraded)  hairs.  Head  broad,  finely  punctate,  slightly 
impressed  in  the  middle  between  the  eyes,  the  latter  separated  by 
about  the  width  ol  one  of  them;  antennae  with  joint  11  about  as 
long  as  three  ($)  or  four  of  the  preceding  joints  united.  Prothoras 
a  little  narrower  than  the  head,  as  broad  as  I<Hig,  subcordate,  dilated 
at  the  base;  rather  closely,  finely,  conspicuously  punctate.  Elytra 
twice  as  broad  as  the  prothorax,  long,  gradually  widened  to  the 
middle ;  closdy,  finely  punotato-striate,  the  interaticee  each  with  an 
irregular  row  of  rather  coarse,  somewhat  closely  placed  setigerous 
impressions  extending  from  the  base  to  the  apex. 

Length  l\-9,  breadth  2)-3  mm. 

Hab.  Brazil,  Rio  de  Janeiro  {Fry),  Constancia  (J.  Gray, 
Jan.  1857). 

The  two  specimens  here  described,  possibly  (J  and  ?, 
agree  with  Makhn's  description  of  S.fyvrata,  from  "  Brazil," 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


252  Mr.  G.  C.  Champicin  on 

except  in  having  the  apical  portion  of  the  elytra  flavo- 
teetaceous,  instf^  of  black;  but  as  some  of  the  allied 
forma  vary  in  this  way,  no  importance  need  be  attached 
to  Buch  a  colour-difference,  the  five  yellow  spots  on  the 
basal  half  being  exactly  as  be  describes.  S.  lunulala,  Pic, 
from  Tijaca  (a  place  near  Constancia),  which  is  compared 
with  my  figure  of  S.  coTispicillaia,  Makl.,  in  the  "  Biologia," 
is  said  to  have  an  irregular  black  ring  enclosing  a  yellow 
patch  on  the  anterior  portion  of  each  elytron.  'Die  specific 
identity  of  these  insects,  therefore,  must  remain  in  doubt 
till  types  are  compared. 

112.  Staiira  annuUta.     (Plate  XIII,  fig.  31.) 
Stalira  annulata,  Makl.,  Act.  Soc.  Fenn.  x,  p.  6i3  (1875). 

Elongate,  rather  nurow,  shining;  testaceous,  the  eyes  black,  the 
elytra  flavous,  with  three  common,  angulate  fasciae,  connected  along 
the  suture,  the  first  two  along  the  sides  also,  and  the  second  and  third 
nearly  coalescent  along  the  fifth  interstice,  the  first  with  a  brancli 
on  the  disc  extending  forwards  to  the  base,  nigro-fuscous  (the  dark 
markingB  enclosing  nine  spots,  ananged  3,  2,  i,  of  the  yellowish 
ground -col  out]  ;  thickly  clothed,  the  legs  included,  with  long,  soft, 
erect  hairs.  Head  sparsely,  rather  coarsely  punctate,  the  eyes 
somewhat  narrowly  separated ;  antennae  moderately  long  and 
slmder,  joint  1 1  as  long  as  9  and  10  united.  Prothorax  longer  than 
broad,  oblong-subcordate,  a  little  dilated  at  the  base ;  very  coarsely, 
sparsely  punctate.  Elytra  long,  about  twice  as  wideas  the  prothoras, 
gradually  widened  to  the  middle;  closely,  finely  punctato-striate, 
the  interstices  each  with  on  irregular  series  of  closely  placed  pili- 
gerous  punctures. 

Length  7}-8|.  breadth  2^2|  mm. 

Hah.  Brazil,  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Espirito  Santo  (J^ry). 

The  two  specimens,  probably  ^  and  9>  from  which  the 
above  description  has  been  taken  agree  with  Maklin's 
diagnosis  of  his  S.  annulata,  from  Brazil,  except  that  they 
apparently  have  relatively  narrower  elytra.  The  differences 
given  by  bim  to  separate  S.  annuUOa  and  S.  jigttrata  (as 
here  recognised)  also  apply,  so  that  there  cannot  be  much 
doubt  about  the  identification  of  either  of  them.  A  fresh 
description,  however,  was  required  in  each  case. 

113.  Statlra  quadriplaglata,  n.  ep.     (Plate  XIII,  fig.  32,  ^J.) 

1^.  Moderately  elongate,   narrow,  shining  j   testaceous,    the  eyes 

black,  the  elytra  flavous,  with  a  broad,  common,  triangular  soutellar 


iVcw  and  liUle-lmown  Lagriidae.  253 

pateh  (reaching  the  humeri),  a  large  triangular  patch  on  the  onter 
pttrt  of  the  disc  jiut  beyond  the  middle  (extending  inwards  to  the 
second  stria),  and  a  common  apical  patch,  nJgio-hucouB ;  thickly 
clothed,  the  Ic^  included,  with  long,  soft,  erect  hairs.  Head  rather 
small,  coarsely  punctate,  the  eyee  large  and  somewhat  narrowly 
separated;  antennae  comparatively  short,  rather  etout,  joint  II  aa 
long  as  S-10  united.  Prothorax  convex,  about  sa  long  aa  broad, 
somewhat  oval ,  scarcely  dilated  at  the  base ;  coarsely,  rather  closely 
punctata.  Elytra  about  twice  as  wide  aa  the  protboras,  long, 
gradually  widened  to  the  middle;  closely,  finely  punctato-striate, 
the  interstices  each  with  an  irregular  series  of  rather  closely  placed 
piligerous  poncturee  extending  from  the  base  to  the  apex.  Aedeagus 
slender  and  acuminate  at  the  tip. 

Length  61,  breadth  2^  mm. 

Hob.  Brazil,  Rio  de  Janeiro  {Fry). 

One  male.  Closely  related  to  S.  annulata,  Makl.,  but 
with  very  differeotiy  marked  elytra  (resembling  <S.  scutd' 
larig.  Pic,  S.  evanescena.  Champ.,  etc.,  in  thia  respect), 
the  ant«miae  less  elongate,  the  prothorax  not  so  long,  and 
still  more  coarsely  punctured.  The  piligerous  punctures 
on  each  elytral  interstice  are  closely  placed  and  extend 
from  the  base  to  the  apex,  as  in  iS.  annulata  and  S.jigurala. 

114.  Statlra  blfureata,  n.  sp. 

$.  Elongate,  narrow,  opaque,  the  elytra  moderately  shining; 
tMtaoeouB,  the  eyes  black,  the  elytra  with  a  narrow  sutural  stripe, 
which  is  obliquely  bifurcate  before  the  base  and  nearly  reaches  the 
apex,  and  three  longitudinal  streaks  at  about  the  middle  (on  inter- 
atioes  3,  6,  and  7,  that  on  7  longer  than  the  others),  nigro-piceous; 
the  elytra  with  scattered  long,  erect,  bristly  haira.  Head  slutaceous, 
closely,  roughly  punctulate,  the  eyes  large  and  separated  by  about 
half  the  width  of  one  of  them;  antennae  rather  slender,  joint  11 
neariy  as  long  aa  S-10  united.  Prothorax  longer  than  brosd,  as  wide 
as  &e  head,  cordate,  dilated  at  the  base ;  closely,  very  finely  scabroso- 
punctalate,  the  basal  groove  almost  obsolete.  Elytra  long,  at  the 
middle  twioe  as  wide  as  the  prothorax,  rapidly  narrowed  and  acumi- 
nate posteriorly;  closely,  very  finely  punctato -striate,  the  alternate 
interstices  1,  3,  5,  7,  and  9  with  a  series  of  somewhat  closely  placed 
setigerous  impressions  extending  throughout  their  length,  the 
iropreesions  each  preceded  by  a  small  tubercle. 

Length  6^.  breadth  2  mm. 

ffoi.  Brazil,  Jatahy,  Province  of  Goyas  {Pujd,  ex  coll. 
Fry). 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


254  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

One  female.  Not  unlike  S.  ^uadripkiffiata,  the  head 
and  prothoraz  opaque  and  scabroBO-punctulate,  the 
piothotax  longer  and  with  shallower  basal  groove,  the 
elytra  very  differently  marked  and  with  more  nimierouB 
tubercles  along  the  alternate  interstices.  Pic  has  described 
various  SUUirae  from  the  same  Province,  but  the  present 
insect  is  not  included  amongst  them':  iS.^oyasenm*"  (length 
9  nam.)  also  has  the  elytra  testaceous,  with  a  black  sutural 
stripe  enlarged  towards  the  acutellum,  but  the  other 
particulars  given  do  not  accord  with  S.  infuTcata,  and  the 
tuberolea  are  not  mentioned. 

115.  Statira  tennipes,  n.  sp. 

iS,  Elongate,  narrow,  depiessed,  alender,  opaque  above,  ahining 
beo«atli;  testaceouB,  the  eyes  block,  the  elytra  with  the  sutuie 
narrowly  pioeoiu  to  near  the  apex,  the  latter  with  a  few  bristly  hain. 
Haid  broad,  alutaoeoua,  obsoletely  oan^iculate  betwerat  the  eyes 
and  obliquely  narrowed  behind  them,  the  eyes  laige,  somewhat 
distant ;  antennae  moderately  long,  slender,  joint  1 1  nearly  equalling 
7-10  united.  Prothoraz  much  longer  than  broad,  oonaidenbly 
narrower  than  the  head,  rounded  at  the  sides,  the  latter  deeply 
sinuate  before  the  base,  the  basal  margin  not  raised,  the  surfaoe 
alutaoeous.  EUytra  elongate,  at  the  middle  about  twice  as  wide  as 
the  prothotaz  somewhat  acuminate  poeteriorly ;  closely,  very  finely, 
ahatlowly  punctato-atriate,  the  inteisticcs  feebly  convex,  3  and  S 
with  about  six  widely  scattered  setigerouB  impreeeions,  I  also  with 
three  others  near  the  tip,  and  fl  with  five  impressioni  bey<»d  the 
middle.    Legs  long  and  slender. 

Length  ?{,  breadth  2}  mm. 

Hab.  Brazil,  Bahia  (Reed). 

One  specimen.  This  b  one  of  several  pecuhar  forms 
obtained  by  Reed  at  Bahia.  It  resembles  S.  bifurcata, 
from  Govas,  but  has  a  much  broader  head,  a  longer  and 
smoother  prothor&x,  non-tuberculat«  elytra,  with  the 
autur«>  only  infuscate.  and  longer  legs. 

no.  Statin  eniaiata,  n.  sp. 

KklnplI•^,  niiher  broad,  mxletatety  ahining;  teetaceoos,  the 
lifsid  and  piMtliorax  mMi>h.  th*  eyes  blarlc;  the  elytra  with  an 
ill-ilrtiiKil.  wintmm.  ourrrd  piet-nwdian  faaria,  extending  forwards 


'•  M<^«>,w  Mot.-nju.m.  iv.  p.  20  (S^t-  1912). 

u,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


New  and  lioie-knoum  Lagriidae.  255 

aJoQg  the  oater  margiD  to  the  humeral  calhie,  a&d  th«  imee  in- 
determinately, infiiBcato,  the  eurfoce  bearing  a  few  bristly  haira. 
Head  small,  narrower  thui  the  prothonz,  closely,  finely,  con- 
Epicuoasly  ponctate,  unimpiesaBd  between  the  eyes,  the  latter 
moderately  large  and  somewhat  distant ;  antennae  slender,  short, 
.  joint  11  equalling  7-10  united.  Prothorax  oblongo-eubquadrole, 
distinctly  margined  laterally,  slightly  hollowed  at  the  sidee  anteriorly, 
and  sinuously  narrowed  towards  the  base,  the  anterior  angles 
obtuse,  prominent,  the  hind  angles  very  slightly  projecting,  the 
basal  margin  but  little  raised,  the  transTeree  groove  in  front  of  it 
deeply  impressed  laterally;  deosdy,  minutely  punctate.  Elytra 
widening  to  the  middle  and  theif  twice  as  wide  aa  the  prothorax; 
finely,  closely,  deeply  punctato-striate,  the  interstices  convex,  3 
and  5  with  four  or  five  widely  scattered  setigeious  impreasicms, 
and  land  9  with  two  or  three  othersnear  the  apex.  Legs  moderately 
long- 
Length  9,  breadth  3  mm.    ($  ?) 

Hab.  NiCARAGDA,  Chontales  [Janeon). 

One  specimen,  differing  from  all  the  Central  American 
forms  enumerated  by  myself  in  the  "  Biolo^  "  in  1889, 
It  is  perhaps  nearest  related  to  the  Mexican  S.  i«mecr«m, 
from  which  it  is  separable  by  the  less  rugnse,  shining  head, 
the  longer,  lai^r,  and  less  scabrous  prothorax,  and  the 
conmioti,  ili-defined,  fuscous  post-median  fascia  of  the 
elj^tra. 

117.  Statira  haltlflnsis,  n.  sp. 

Elongate,  rather  dull ;  nigro-piceous  or  black,  the  prolkoiax  and 
tarsi  rufous  or  rufo -testaceous,  the  elytra  nigro-cyaneous,  the 
antmnae  Bometimee  wholly  or  in  part  ferruginous ;  the  elytra  with 
a  few  fine,  long,  erect  hairs.  Head  rather  short,  narrower  than  the 
prothorax,  sparsely,  minutely  punctate,  the  eyee  large,  somewhat 
distant;  antennae  slender,  moderately  long,  joint  11  equalling  the 
three  or  four^receding  joints  united.  Prothorax  transverse,  faintly 
margined  laterally,  rounded  at  the  sides,  constricted  faefoie  the 
prominent  hind  angles,  the  basal  margin  raised  and  the  tianBTerse 
sulcus  in  front  of  it  sharply  defined;  sparsely,  minutely  punctate. 
Elytra  long,  gradually  widened  to  the  middle,  and  there  twice  as 
«ide  as  the  prothorax;  finely,  clocely,  deeply  punctato -striate, 
the  interstices  more  or  lees  convex,  3  with  nine  or  ten,  ar^  5  and  9 
with  several,  sotigerous  punctutee  scattered  between  the  base  and 
apex.    L^s  moderately  long. 

Length  6i-7i-  breadth  2j(-2f  mm.    {?.) 


u,y,i,A"jM,Googlc 


25^  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

Hab.  Haiti,  Port  au  Prince  (ex  coll.  Fry). 

Four  examples,  possibly  all  females.  This  species 
bears  some  resemblance  to  the  Antillean  S.  vittala,  Cttamp., 
but  it  is  very  differently  colonred,  and  has  a  shorter  head 
and  prothorax,  and  the  latter  finely  margined  at  the  sides. 
Also  approaching  S.  croceiccHis,  Makl.  (from  Florida, 
Georgia,  and  Alabama),  and  other  N.-American  forms. 

118.  Stallra  falfleoUts. 

Anthiciis  ftdvicdlis,  Fabr.,  Syat.  Eleuth.  i,  p.  290  {1801).i 
SlalirafulvicoUis.  Makl.,  Act.jSoc.  Fenn.  vii,  p.  160  (1862).» 
Vor.  a.  Elytra  each  with  a  reddiab  or  tcetaoMiuB  apot  below  the 


SlalirafulvicoUis,  v.  discoidaiis,  Pic,  Melanges  exot.-entom, 
iv,  p.  13{1912).» 
Var.  $.  Prottaorai  black,  the  elytra  eometimee  fueoous  or  pioeous. 

Anihicua  fusci^cnnis,  Fabr.,  loc.  cit.* 
S(at\ra  ftiscipmnis,  Makl.,  Act.  Soc.  Fenn.  vii,  p.  160.* 
Sifttira   exigua.   Makl.,  Ofv.  Fineka   Vet.-Soc.   Porh.   xx, 
p.  360  (1878).' 
Var.  y.  Prothonz  black;    the  elytra  and  abdomen  Ustaoeona 
at  the  base,  or  the  elytra  (a  triangular  scutellar  patch  and  the  auton 
excepted)  teetaoeous  in  their  baaal  h&U. 

Anihiai.i  aMominatis.  Fabr.,  loc.  cit.' 

Statira  abdominftlis.  Makl.,  Act.  Soc,  Fenn.  vn,  p.  160.' 

Var.  3.  Prothorax  black,  the  elytra  with  an  oblong  yellowiah 
mark  on  the  disc  before  the  middle. 

Staimi   atricotlis.   Pic,   M4lan<.:es   exot.-entom.   iv,    p.   20 
(St'pt.  1912).* 
Var.  •.  Prothorax  black,  the  elytra  «Mih  with  a  ydlow  atripe  on 
the  disc  extending  from  the  base  to  b^md  the  middle. 

Stitlini  f?.itv..'f.i/.i.  Pic.  M^lances  exot.-entooi.  xi.  p.  18 
tXov.  nil4>." 
rV»r.  i.  IVxIiorsi.  a  brD«d  ol>tt>n^  stripe  od  the  dkc  of  eadi 
el.vl)vn  tciintilitic  fn'm  a  litile  below  the  base  to  beyood  the  middle 
aitd  «luK*.t  rtwiiiitw  the  suture),  under  sDrfaw.  femora,  and  tibiie 
liW  anterior  (Mir  eii-«|>ted>  tevtaeevus  or  ttavoos. 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


Hoe  and  Uole-biOKn  Lagriidae.  267 

Hab.  South  Ahebica  u*>^;  Colombia  *,  Bc^ta; 
GuUKA,  Cayeime  ' ;  Brazil  >°  (Miat,  in  Mia.  Oxtm. :  -m. 
JlavoviOata),  Rio  de  Janeiio,  EsiHiito  Santo,  Babia,  Per- 
nambaco  [var.  C]',  Amazons,  Pais,  Kanta  [var.  a]; 
Bolivia*. 

The  muDerons  specimens  before  me  oomiect  the  Daic«d 
fonna  of  this  veiy  variable  Stalira,  and  it  is  not  impossible 
that  S.  {AtUhicus)  ruficoOis,  Fabr.,  which  has  a  red  head 
and  piothorax,  appertains  to  the  same  species.  Makhn 
did  not  identify  any  of  these  Fabrician  insecta  amongst  the 
material  examined  by  him ;  but  there  can  be  little  doabt 
that  the  three  named  quoted  above  refer  to  one  and  the 
same  species,  that  with  a  red  or  yellow  prothorax  being 
apparently  confined  to  Brazil  and  Guiana.  An  example  of 
the  var.  a  (=  discoidaiis.  Pic)  from  the  F.  Bates  collec- 
tion (from  that  of  Dejean)  is  labelled  with  the  MS.  name 
Pedtlus  sanguinicoUis."  The  allied  S.  irregularis  and  iS. 
aibofasciaia.  Champ.,  from  Central  America,  are  almost 
eqnally  variable  in  colour.  iS./uivtcoJJts  is  a  small,  polished, 
Aiithiciform  insect,  wholly  or  in  part  black;  the  elytra 
feebly  striato-punctate,  with  an  irregular  series  of  numerous 
larger,  rough,  setigerous  impressions  along  each  of  the 
intetsticea;  the  antennae  gradually  thickened  outwards, 
the  apical  joint  about  as  long  as  the  two  preceding  joints 
united  in  both  (S  and  $;  the  head  transverse,  foveate  in 
the  middle  between  the  eyes,  the  tatter  small ;  the  tibiae 
somewhat  curved  in  <^.  There  is  a  broken  specimen  of  the 
var.  flavovUtata  in  the  Oxford  Museom.  These  forms, 
shoold  perhaps  be  removed  from  the  genus  Statira. 

119.  StaUra  oyanipennis. 

Statira  cyanipennis,  Mfikl.,  Ofv.   Finska  Vet.-Soc.  FdrB. 

XX,  p.  36  (1878)  (nee  S.  cyanipennis,  Matd.,  Act.  Soc. 

Fenn.  vii,  p.  591,  and  x,  p.  647). 
Statira    colombica.    Champ.,    Biol.    Centr.-Am.,    Coleopt. 

iv,  2,  p.  62,  nota  (nom.  prov.). 

Bab.  Colombia  [type],  Bogota  (ex  coll.  F.  Baiea). 

Two  specimens  from  the  F.  Bates  collection  agree  with 
Uaklin's  description,  except  that  they  have  the  abdomen 
black,  instead  of  dilute  fulvous.  They  are  separable  from 
typical   S.  ftdvic(Mis,   F.,   by  the  prothorax  being  more 

>'  C/.  B.  C-Am.,  Coleopt.  iv,  2,  p.  46. 
tbams.  ent.  soc.  lond.  1917. — part  I.     (NOV.)  s 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


?68  Mr.  6.  C.  ChampioD  on 

dilated  ftat«rioriy  (thus  appearing  nairowei  at  the  base) 
and  a  little  shorter,  and  tne  elytra  brilliant  cyaneous  in 
-colour.  The  first  species  described  by  Maklin  under  the 
name  S.  cyanipetmis  (1862)  was  selected  in  1889  as  the 
type  of  Sphrafftdcphonu. 

120.  Staflra  eajrsiuMUls,  n.  sp. 

Moderately  elongate,  somewhat  robuat,  widened  posteriorly,  very 
■hining;  testaceous,  the  head  and  palpi,  the  antennal  jointa  t  and 
-4-10.  in  part  or  entirely,  nearly  the  apical  half  of  the  elytra  (a  spot 
on  the  outer  margin  near  the  tip  excepted),  and  the  abdomen  in 
part,  blank,  the  tibiae  and  tarsi  nigro-piceous ;  the  elytra  and  legs 
somewhat  thickly,  and  the  head  sparsely,  clothed  with  long,  fine,  erect 
OT  projecting,  pallid  haiis.  Head  short,  barely  as  wide  as  the  pro- 
thotax,  well  developed  behind  the  eyes,  veiy  spatsdy  punctulate; 
eyes  small,  widely  separated;  antennae  moderately  long,  gradnally 
thickened  outwards,  joint  11  equalling  9  and  10  united.  Piothorex 
almost  smooth,  scarcely  as  long  as  broad,  tranaverEely  coidate, 
strongly  constricted  before  the  base,  the  basal  margin  raised  and 
thickened,  preceded  by  a  deep  groove.  Elytra  moderately  long, 
widening  to  the  middle,  and  there  twice  as  wide  aa  the  prothorax, 
somewhat  acuminate  posteriorly;  finely,  shallowly,  confusedly 
punctate,  the  seriately-arranged  punctures  barely  distinguishable 
from  those  of  the  interstices.    Legs  rather  stout,  the  femora  clavate. 

Length  «,  breadth  2  nun. 

Hab.  Guiana,  Cayenne  {Miis.  Brit.). 

One  specimen  ( ?  sex),  injured  by  pinning,  acquired  in 
1858.  An  insect  reaembling  S.  fncol-or.  Champ,,  from 
Panama,  except  that  the  head  is  black,  but  with  the  an- 
tennae (less  the  flavoua  apical  joint)  and  elytra  formed 
much  as  in  the  Central  American  S.  albofasciata,  Champ. 
S.fulvicollis,  ¥.,  is  also  an  allied  insect.  The  Peruvian  S. 
nigroapicoXis,  Pic,  compared  with  S.  Incolor  by  its  describer, 
must  be  a  very  different  species,  simply  resembling  the  latter 
in  colour. 

121.  StaUra  semlTlolaoea,  n.  sp. 

moderately  elongate,  robust,  very  shining;  mio-testaeeous,  the 
vpical  half  of  the  elytra  and  the  sutuie  narrowly  thoioe  to  tlie 
base,  Dupreo- violaceous,  the  eyee,  joints  2-7  of  the  antennae,  the 
metastenium,  abdomen,  tibiae,  and  tarsi  black  or  piceous;  the 
elytra  with  a  few  bristly  hairs.    Head  small,  much  narrower  than 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


New  and  l^tU-knovn  Lagriidae.  259 

the  prothorftx,  apandy,  fiaely  pnnctete,  foTMte  on  eaoh  •id*' 
betwe«n  tbe  «7ea,  and  nftnowing  behind  thno;  eyta  tmuvuM, 
aawU,  dist*nt,feeb);ooDTes.iK>trMu;hii)g  the  bueof  the  head;  an- 
tctmae  rather  short.  modeTfttd;  stout  [joint  1 1  niissiiig).  Prothoias 
smooth,  broader  than  long,  arcuAtely  dilated  At  the  sidee,  n«iTOw«d 
and  constricted  at  the  base,  the  basal  margin  preceded  hj  a  deep 
groove;  the  disc  with  a  veiy  lai^,  deep,  ronnded  excavation  on 
each  side  just  behind  the  middle.  Elytra  modeTstely  long,  at  the 
middle  about  twice  as  wide  as  the  protborax,  conjointly  rounded  at 
the  tip;  closely,  finely,  deeply  punctato -striate,  the  interstices 
convex,  flatter  on  the  disc,  3  with  tour  setigerous  impreesions 
scattered  between  the  base  and  apex,  5  and  9  also  with  two  or  three 
widely  separated  impreasions.  Legs  rather  short  and  stout,  the 
aJiterior  femora  strongly  clavate. 
Length  6},  breadth  2}  mm.     l^.) 

Bab.  Upper  Amazons,  San  Paulo  [de  Olivenca]  {H.  W. 
Bates). 

One  specimen.  Near  S.  biador.  Champ.,  from  Panama, 
the  protborax  more  dilated  at  the  sides  and  with  a  very 
large,  deep,  rounded  excavation  on  each  side  of  the  disc 
( ?  accidental) ;  the  elytra  conjointly  rounded  at  the  apex, 
sharply  punctato-striate,  and  unth  the  apical  half  and 
suture  cupreo-violaceous,  the  setigerous  impressions  fewer 
in  number.  The  apical  joint  of  the  antennae  wanting  in 
the  type,  is  probably  elongate,  at  least  in  the  male. 

122.  SUtlra  eribrinpB,  n.  sp. 
Elongate,  narrow,  widened  posteriorly,  shining;  reddish-brown 
or  obscure  rufo- testaceous,  the  femora  paler  at  the  base,  more  or  lees 
infuscate  in  their  outer  half,  the  eyes  black;  somewhat  thickly 
clothed  with  long,  fine,  erect,  bristly  hairs.  Head  large,  broad, 
well  developed  behind  the  eyes,  rounded  at  the  sides  posteriorly, 
closely,  coarsely  punctate,  with  a  shallow,  transverse,  inter-ocular 
impression,  the  frontal  groove  deep  and  almost  straight;  eyes 
small,  convex,  widely  separated;  antennae  long,  slender,  joint  II 
in  both  sexes  about  equalling  9  and  10  united.  Prothorax  nearly 
OS  wide  as  the  head,  convex,  longer  than  broad,  rounded  at  the  sides 
anteriorly,  feebly  sinuate  and  gradually  narrowing  towards  the  base, 
the  basal  margin  slightly  raised ;  closely,  coanely  punctate.  Elytra 
rather  convex  in  ^,  flatter  in  9,  moderately  long,  rapidly  widening 
to  the  middle,  and  there  about  twice  the  bre«dth  of  the  prothorax, 
atonately  narrowed  and  somewhat  acuminate  posteriorly,  the  humeri 
obtuse;  Boarsely,  closely  striate -punctate,  the  punctures  transveite 


u,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


260  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

&nd  impinging  on  the  aarrow  raised  interetioee.  tbe  allemate  iatet- 
stioes  1,  3,  5,  7,  and  9  each  with  &  row  of  somewhat  oloselj  placed, 
fine,  setigerous  imprMsiona.    Legs  moderately  long,  the  femon 
rather  stout. 
Length  6-6*,  breadth  If-2i  mm.    (,J¥.) 

Hah.  Brazil,  Espirito  Santo  (Fry :  ,^,  type),  Parana 
(ex  coU.  F.  Bales :   2). 

One  pair.  A  peculiar  form  related  to  S.  ajlindricdlis, 
&Iakl.,  from  Colombia,  Venezuela,  and  Trinidad ;  but 
much  larger  and  longer  than  that  insect,  with  a  shorter, 
broader  head,  and  long,  slender  antennae,  the  elytra  with 
TOWS  of  closely  packed  coaiae  crenate  punctures  separated 
by  narrow  raised  interstices,  the  alternate  ones  each 
bearing  numerous  long  bristly  hairs,  the  humeri  less 
prominent. 

123.  Statlra  melanoptara,  n.  sp. 

9-  Elongate,  narrow,  widened  posterioriy,  shining;  rufo-tes- 
tooeoufi,  the  eyee,  palpi,  elytra,  and  legs  (the  bases  of  the  femom, 
and  the  tibiae  and  tarsi  in  part,  excepted)  black  or  piceoue,  the 
abdomen  and  basal  joints  of  the  antennae  also  in  part  infuscate; 
the  elytra  with  numeroua  long,  fine,  bristly  hairs.  Head  large, 
broad,  well  developed  behind  the  eyes,  rounded  at  the  sides  pos- 
teriorly, closely,  rugosely  punctate,  the  frontal  gtouve  deep  and 
almost  straight;  eye«  email,  convex,  widely  distant;  antennae  long, 
slender,  joint  11  equalling  9  and  10  united.  Prothorax  slightly 
longer  than  hroad,  narrower  than  the  head,  oonstricled  before  the 
prominent  hind  angles,  the  basal  margin  moderately  raised;  rather 
coarsely,  closely  punctate.  Elytra  long,  somewhat  convex,  rapidly 
widening  to  the  middle,  somewhat  acuminate  posteriorly,  the  humeri 
obtuse;  closely,  deeply,  rather  coarsely  punctato-atriate,  the 
punctures  transverse,  crenate,  the  interstices  more  or  less  convex, 
OS  wide  as  the  striae,  1,  3,  5,  7,  and  9  each  with  a  series  of  numerous, 
conspicuous,  setigerous  impressions. 

Length  7,  breadth  2j,  mm. 

Hab.  Brazil  (ex  ct^l.  F.  Bates), 

One  specimen,  A  close  ally  of  S.  cribruxpa,  with  the 
elytra  and  the  outer  halves  of  the  femora  black,  the  head 
not  so  coarsely  punctate,  the  prothorax  less  constricted 
behind,  the  elytra  with  smaller  seriate  punctures  and 
broader  inteistices,  the  alternate  ones  with  conspicuous 
eetigerous  impressions,  as  large  as  those  of  the  striae. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


ATew  and  lHOie-known  LagrHdae.  261 

124.  StiOn  qrHnditooDis.     (Plate  XUI,  fig.  33,  3.) 

Suaira  cyUndricdlis,  Maki.,  Ofv.  Fioska  Vet.-Soc. 
Forh.  II,  p.  361  (1878);  F«nn.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.,  Fr. 
1892,  p.  97. 

Hab.  CoLOMBU  [type];  Vbnkzuku,  Caracas  and  San 
Esteban  (Simon),  Cumana  (ex  cott.  F.  Bates) ;  Trinidad 
{F.  Birci,  G.  E.  Bryant,  cofl.  Fry). 

A  small  blackish  or  niip-piceouB,  Anthiciform  insect, 
with  a  long  head  and  a  narrow  snbcylindrical  prothorai, 
both  of  which  are  coarsely,  closely  punctate ;  the  antennae 
mfo-testaceons  to  about  the  middle,  thickened  and  infus- 
cate  towards  the  ap<nc,  joint  11  stout  and  about  as  long 
a8  9and  10  united  in  both  seies;  the  eyes  small,  prominent, 
distant  from  the  base  of  the  head ;  the  elytra  rather  short, 
comparatively  broad,  strongly,  transversely  impressed 
below  the  base,  deeply  punctato-striate,  the  interstices 
more  or  less  convei,  3,  6,  7,  and  9  with  several  widely 
scattered  setigerous  impressions,  1  also  with  two  or  three 
others  near  tne  apei.  The  peculiarly  shaped,  elongate 
head  ia  not  mentioned  in  the  descriptions  of  either  of  the 
above-quoted  authors.    A  Trinidad  specimen  is  figured. 

125.  Stafira  anthteoides. 
St4aira   anthteoides,   Kirsch,    Berl.    Ent.    Zeitschr.    1873, 

p.  412. 
Slatira  anthteoides,  v.  alaudingeri.  Pic,  L'Bchange,  ixviii, 
p.  76(1912). 
Hab.  Peru,  Chanchamayo  {ex  coll.  F.  Bates). 
A  close  ally  of  S.  cylindricoUis,  Mnkl.,  with  the  upper 
surface  more  shining ;   the  head  larger  and  broader;   the 
prothorax  deeply  constricted  before  the  base,  and  much 
more  finely  punctate;   the  elytra  varying  in  colour  from 
rufescent,  a  common,  elongate,  black  patch  at  the  base 
of  the  suture  excepted,  to  entirely  black  (var.  staudingeri), 
the  interstices  flatter,  the  striae  shallow.^^ 

126.  Stotira  flUcornis,  n.  sp. 

Moderately    elongate,    ateader,    widened    posteriorly,    Bhining; 

obeoure  teeteoeouB,  the  eyes  &nd  elytrs  black,  the  beaal  Jointe  of 

tbe  Bnteniue  fosoo-annulate,   the  tarei   slightly  infuscate;    the 

••  This  ia  the  Peruvian  insoct  mentioned  in  the  "  Biologia " 
(Goleopt-  IT,  2,  p.  73)  under  the  description  of  the  genuB  Bboaaua. 


ih,  Google 


262  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

dytn  with  a  few  bristly  bain.  H«ad  aJmoat  smootb,  veiy  laige, 
much  broader  than  the  prothorsx,  greatly  derdoped  bdund  the 
small,  widely  separated,  convex  eya,  and  arcuatdy  narrowed  behind 
them,  the  inter-ocnlar  space  transvetsdy  bifoveate  in  the  middls 
posteriorly;  antennaeTeryeleoder,  rather  short  (joints  ^11  misaing)- 
Prothorai  narrow,  loikger  than  broad,  oblongo -cordate,  constricted 
befoie  the  moderately  prominent  basal  margin;  closdy,  finely 
punctate,  smoother  on  the  anterior  half,  the  disc  obsoletely  canalico- 
late  anteriorly  and  slightly  depressed  in  the  middk  at  the  baae. 
Elytra  moderately  long,  at  the  base  twice  as  broad  as  the  prothoni, 
wideoing  to  the  middle,  areuately  narrowed  posteriorly,  transTiTEely 
flattened  anteriorly,  and  rounded  at  the  tip;  very  finely  striate- 
punctate  to  near  the  apes,  the  interstices  almost  flat,  sJutaceous, 
3  and  S  with  a  sniee  of  five  or  six  widely  soatteied,  small  setigerous 
impiesaiona,  1,  7,  and  9  also  with  two  or  three  impreeeions  neaj'  the 
tip.     Legs  slender. 

Length  6,  breadth  2  mm. 

HiA.  Peru  (ex  coa.  F.  Bates]. 

One  specimen.  The  large,  poateriorly  developed  head 
and  small  ejes  bring  this  species  near  S.  antkicoida, 
Kirsch,  also  from  Pern.  S.JUicomis,  however,  differs  from 
the  latter  in  its  much  more  slender  build,  the  smoother 
testaceous  head  and  prothorax,  the  siibfiliform  antennae, 
the  longer,  duller,  less  convex,  non-excavate  elytra,  and 
the  pallid  legs. 

127.  SUUm  perforata,  n.  sp. 

S'  Elongat«,  narrow,  depressed,  shining,  somewhat  thickly 
clothed  with  soft,  fine,  semi-erect  hairs  (now  mostly  abraded  in  (he 
t3'pe};  piceous,  the  head  and  anternioe  black,  the  elytra  with  a 
greenish  lustre.  Head  rather  short,  coarsely,  confluently,  rugosely 
punctate,  the  eyes  small,  widely  separated,  depressed,  the  labnun 
large;  antennae  moderately  long,  thickened  outwards,  joint  10 
transverse,  II  stout,  about  equalling  7-10  united.  Prothoias 
uneren,  wider  than  the  head,  longer  than  broad,  feebly  romided 
at  the  sidee,  the  latter  slightly  sinuate  before  the  base,  the  bassi 
margin  moderately  prominent;  very  coarsely,  oonfluraitly,  foveo- 
lato-ponctAte.  Elytra  barely  twice  the  width  of  the  prothoni. 
not  very  elongate,  rounded  at  the  apex,  depressed  below  the  base; 
closely,  rather  finely  crenato -striate,  the  interstices  feebly  convex, 
narrow,  each  with  a  row  of  piligerous  impressions,  which  are  of  about 
the  same  size  as  the  transverse  punctures  of  the  striae.  Lege  rather 
stout,  the  intermediate  and  posterior  femora  transv««ely  strigose 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Trans.  Enl.  Soc.  Land..  1917,  Pi  XII. 


Tropical  Amehican  Lagriidae. 


,  CToo"^'- 


Explanation  of  Plate  XII. 


Fto.  1(J.  Slatira  eoilarieenait.  Champ.  [Costa  Rica  and  Colombia], 
anterior  1^. 

23.  fiavoriffriata,  a,  ep.  [Ecuador]. 

3^,       „     »tituTalit,  Mskl.  [Brazil],  anterior  l<^. 

4J.        „      gemmifer,  Mikl.  [Brazil],  posterior  leg. 

StJ  ,.  agroidts,  Lep.  et  Serv.  [Brazil],  a«deaguB,  in  profile, 
shoning  the  targe  bsaal  piece. 

6.  „      longicept,  n.  ep.  [Brazil]. 

7|J.       „     loagicMU,  Makl.  [Brazil],  posterior  leg. 

8(J.         „      meUagria,  MakJ.  [Brazil]. 

9cJ.        „      calenata,  Hitkl.  [Brazil];  On,  penia-sheath,  in  pro- 
file; 9  b,  ditto,  from  above. 
lOtJ.       „      vindi'peimU,    Lep.    et    Serv.    [Brazil],    aedeagus. 
showing  the  lai^  basal  piece;    10a,  ditto,  in 

llt^.  „  nenicuiaia,  Hiikl.  [Brazil],  a«deagus,  showing  the 
large  basal  piece;   llo,  ditto,  in  profile. 

12cJ.  I,  agg-Mmetrica,  □.  sp.  [Brazil],  penis-sheath, 

\Z^.  „  iortvpea,  n.  sp.  [Brazil],  posterior  leg;  13a.  penia- 
aheath. 

I4(J.  „  areuatipea.  Pic  [Brazil];    14a,  aedeagua. 

Ifi^-  11  futeilartis,  Makl.  [Brazil],  posterior  leg. 

16J.  „  »phtnocUra,  a.  sp.  [Brazil], 

17i}.  „  curydera,  n.  sp.  [Amazons]. 

18$.  „  pruuttarttU,  Pic  [Brazil]. 

Ids.  »  *itvm»,  Makl.  [Brazil],  anterior  \eg. 

20(J.  „  disligma,  n.  Bp.  [Peru],  prothorai. 

21(J.  „  ca«n<mioi(^,  n.  sp.  [Brazil], 

223.  „  Slalira  bn/anti.  Pic  [Trinidad], 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


h,Googlc 


.  OF  Plate  Xm. 


Amazons). 
Amazon;]. 

I'lliimbia]. 
linuill. 
r.nml]. 
;  Ilrazil],  antaon*;    29a,  {vo- 


Colombia,   Vcnezada,   and' 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Trans.  Ent.  Sac.  Land.,  1917,  PI.  Xllt. 


/  V 


Tkopical  American  Laghiid^ 


,L.oo^k 


Explanation  of  Plate  Xm. 


Statira  Bonncm,  n.  ep.  [Amazons]. 
elefantiiia,n.  ep.  [Amazooa]. 
teminigra,  a.  sp.  [AmsMiw]. 
IriteBata,  n.  sp.  [Colombia]. 
muUinUala,  Pio  [Brazi)}. 
vagfipUlala,  Pio  [Brazil]. 
ineiticoUit,  n.Bp.  [Brazil],  uitenna;    29a,  pro- 

fiffurata.  Makt.  [Braul]. 

amulaia,  M&kl.  [Brazil]. 

qvadriplagiata,  n.  ap.  [Brazil]. 

cylindHeofiH,  Makl.  (Colombia,   VenezueiR,  and. 
Trinidad], 
„     pUoaa,  a.  sp.  [Brazil]. 
M     AacfflonioulM,  n.  sp.  [Brazil]. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


New  and  lUUe-hwwn  Lagriidae.  263^ 

on tbeirinnerftuw, the tibiaeBomewhAtcarvedatthebase.  AedeaguB 
Btoat,  Bcumiiwte  and  curved  upwards  at  the  tip. 
Length  5J,  bieodUi  I J  mm. 

Hab.  Mexico  {Truqiii,  ex  coU.  Fry). 

One  male.  An  isolated  form,  with  the  general  facies 
of  an  Arthromacra.  Smaller  and  narrower  than  the 
Mexican  5.  brevipilis.  Champ.,  the  head  and  prothorax 
very  coarsely,  con  fluently  punctate,  the  latter  sub- 
cylindrical,  the  elytra  more  deeply  crenato-striate,  with 
each  of  the  intetstices  uniseriato-punctate,  much  as  in 
S.  nigroaenea,  Champ.,  from  the  same  country.  S.  perforata 
seems  to  approach  the  S.-American  genua  Statiropais, 
Borcbm.,  which  is  unknown  to  me. 

128.  StaUra  pUota,  n.  sp.  (Plate  XIII,  fig.  34,  S-) 
Elongate,  narrow,  rather  convex,  ahining,  thicklj  clothed,  the 
legs  included,  with  long,  soft,  erect  or  projecting,  pallid  hairs ;  piceous 
or  ruto-piceous,  with  a  brassy  or  aeneous  lustre  above  and  beneath, 
tbe  antaina«  and  legs  sometimea  reddish.  Head  short,  ooanelj, 
coafluently,  nigosely  punctate,  the  eyes  rather  email,  separated  in 
both  ae»B  by  about  the  width  of  one  of  them  aa  seen  from  above; 
VitMinae  rather  atout,  thickaied  outwards,  in  <J  about  reaching 
the  middle  of  the  elytra,  in  $  much  shorter,  joint  II  in  :?  a  little 
longer  than,  in  2  not  equalling,  9  and  10  united.  Prothorax  sub- 
quadrate,  the  sides  slightly  rounded  anteriorly  and  feebly  sinuate 
before  the  base,  the  transverae  basal  groove  well  defined,  the  margin 
feebly  raised ;  very  coarsely,  oonfluently,  foveolat« -punctate.  Elytra 
long,subparalleI  in  their  basal  half,  somewhat  acuminate  posteriortyj 
ooaisely,  closely  crefiato-atriate,  the  interstices  transversely  rugu- 
loee  (except  near  the  suture),  each  with  an  irr^ulai  row  of  inconspicu- 
ous piligeroDB  pimctures,  4,  6,  8  smoother  and  subcostate.  Ventral 
aegmeDta  with  scattered  piligeroua  punctures,  glabrous  along  the 
median  line.  Legs  moderately  long,  the  femora  clavate,  the  tibiae 
roughly  punctate.  Aedeogus  of  ij  very  long,  slender,  acuminate, 
aoeloeed  in  a  long,  narrow  sheath. 

Length  THI.>>re(ulth2f-3i  mm.    (,^?.) 

Hab.  Brazil  {Miers,  in  Mua.  Oxon.),  Rio  de  Janeiro 
^F,y). 

Four  males  and  three  females,  varying  greatly  in  size. 
The  description  of  S.  t^cura,  Makl.,  from  Santa  Rita, 
Brazil,  applies  to  some  extent  to  the  present  insect :  it 
is,  however,  here  assumed  to  have  been  taken  from  the 


u,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


261  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

female   of  a  species   of   Dtsema.    The    following  is   an 
extremely  closely  allied  fonn. 

129.  StaUrs  itrongyllold«,  n.  sp. 

(J.  Very  like  S.  pih»a  and  simiUrly  coloured,  but  more  spareelf 
pilose;  the  Mitennae  more  slsDder  (joint  II  misaing);  the  beftd 
sparsely,  much  more  finely  punctate,  Bmoother  between  the  eyes, 
the  latter  mora  approximate;  the  prothorax  shorter,  transveiBely 
Bubquadnite,  the  very  coarse,  irregularly  scattered  punctures  re- 
duced in  number,  separate  one  from  another,  the  transverse  baaal 
groove  uninterrupted ;  theelytralinteratioee  smoother,  the  piligerous 
imprSBsions  coarser,  reduced  in  number,  and  placed  along  1,  3,  G,  7, 
and  9,  those  on  7  and  9  larger  and  more  closely  placed,  4,  6,  S  very 
Jittle  raised.  Aedesgus,  so  far  as  visible,  very  similar  to  that  of 
S.  piloia. 

Length  81^-10,  breadth  2i-2,%  mm. 

Hab.  Brazil,  Constancia  and  Petropolis  {J.  Graff 
and  H.  Clark,  Jan.  and  Feb.  1857). 

Two  males,  one  with  the  femoia  black,  except  at  the  base. 
This  is  a  form  of  S.  pilosa  requiring  a  distinctive  name. 
The  sparser  vestiture  is  not  wholly  due  to  abrasion,  but 
to  the  more  scattered  pimctuiing  of  portions  of  the  surface. 
Both  these  insects,  when  abraded,  are  so  like  some  of  the 
smaller  species  of  SlTongylium  {a  genus  of  Tenebrionidae 
numerously  represented  in  the  same  region)  that  they 
might  easily  be  taken  for  such,  if  the  dilated  penultimate 
tarsal  joint  were  not  noticed. 

130.  SUtlra  gradlls. 

^.  Statira  gracilis.  Makl.,  Act.  Soc.  Fern,  x,  p.  646 
(1875). 
c^.  Elongate,  narrow,  shining;  piceous,  the  elytia  aeneous  with 
the  suture  castaneous,  the  antennae  (except  towards  the  tip), 
lege,  and  ventral  surface  ferruginous;  somewhat  thickly  clothed, 
the  legs  included,  with  long,  fine,  erect  or  projecting  hairs.  Head 
broader  than  the  prothorax,  rugosely  foveolate  between  the  eyes, 
the  latter  larger,  eubapproximate ;  antauiae  long,  rather  slender, 
the  joints  becoming  stouter  and  subserrate  outwaida,  II  equalling 
9  and  10  united.  Prothorax  smooth,  much  longer  than  broad, 
oblongo-cordate,  constricted  before  the  raised  basal  margin,  the 
transverse  groove  in  front  of  it  complete,  deep.  Elytra  long,  barely 
twice  the  width  of  the  prothorax,  subparallel  in  their  basal  half, 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lc 


iV«u>  and  lUtU-krwwn  Lagriidae.  265 

wmminsto  posteriorly;  coarsely,  closely  Btriato- punctate,  the 
ponctum  beoomtng  obaolete  before  the  apex,  the  intentioM  narrow, 
trknavenety  wrinkled,  1,  3,  6,  7,  and  9  eftoh  with  a  loattered  seriei 
of  Bmall,  indiatinot,  setigerous  impieeHiona.  Le^  very  long,  slender, 
bairj,  the  femon  cUvate, 

$.  Rufo-outaaeoua,  the  protborax  and  elytra  slightly  infuscate, 
the  latter  with  a  faint  metallic  lustre;  antennae  shorter,  more 
thickened  outwards,  joint  II  not  equalling  9  and  10  united;  head 
smaller  and  narrower,  trifoveate  between  the  eyes,  the  latter 
mnch  Hinaller,  distAnt;  elytra  gradually  widened  to  the  middle, 
rounded  at  the  sides  posteriorly. 

I/ngth  8-8},  breadth  2-2J  nun.  (^$.) 

Hab.  Brazil,  Petropolis  [Dr.  Sahlberg,  Dec.  1850, 
type,  (J;  J.  Gray  and  H.  Clark,  Feb.  1857,  S),  Rio  de 
-Janeiro  (fry :   $). 

Redescribed  from  two  males  from  Petropolis,  and  from  a 
fem&te  taken  much  later  by  Fry,  the  latter  almost  certainly 
belonging  to  the  same  speciee.  S.  gracilis  approaches 
ColpariKrum,  but  so  far  as  can  be  seen  without  dissection, 
the  mandibles  are  not  tridentate  aa  in  that  genus,  and  the 
apical  joint  of  the  labial  palpi  is  narrow. 

131.  SUtira  hMmonloldes.  n.  sp.  (Plate  XIU,  fig.  35,  3.) 
Elongate,  rather  convex,  dull  above,  Bhining  beneath ;  testaceous, 
the  eyes,  antennae,  palpi,  and  acutellum,  the  elytra  with  the  intersticM 
-4  and  6  (or  t^e  greater  part  of  tbeir  length,  and  the  suture  to  near 
the  tip,  the  under  surface  in  part  (the  abdomen  excepted),  the  tarsi, 
aod  the  intermediate  and  posterior  knees,  block  or  pioeous ;  the 
eljtra  with  a  few  bristly  hairs.  Head  alutaceous,  the  eyes  extremely 
large,  auboontiguous:  ant«mae  very  elongate,  rather  stout,  feebly 
serrate,  joint  II  equalling  9  and  10  united.  Prothorax  wider  than 
the  head,  a  little  longer  than  brood,  rounded  at  the  sides,  constricted 
before  the  base,  the  baaol  margin  thickened  and  raised ;  alutaceous, 
-obsoletely  canaliculate  anteriorly.  Elytra  elongate,  about  one-half 
■wider  than  the  prothorax,  slightly  broader  at  the  middle  than  at  the 
base,  and  produced  at  the  tip,  the  humeri  not  prominent ;  closely, 
finely  crenato-stri ate,  the  interstices  convex,  3  and  S  with  sevecal 
conspieuoua  setigerous  impressions  scattered  between  the  base  and 
apex,  the  striae  arranged  in  pairs,  obsolete  at  the  tip.  Legs  very 
■elongote,  slender,  simple. 

Length  10},  breadth  2J  mm.     (^  ?) 

Hab.  Brazil,  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Fry). 

n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


266  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion  on 

One  specimen,  assumed  to  be  J,  on  account  of  the  very 
lar^e  eyes  and  long  antennae.  This  insect  has  the  general 
facies  of  a  Haemonia  [a  auhaquatic  genus  of  Phytophi^a 
not  known  in  America  from  south  of  Mexico) ;  it  approaches 
the  Central  American  S.  albolineala.  Champ.,  but  has 
stouter  and  more  distinctly  serrate  antennae,  much  larger 
eyes,  an  almost  smooth  prothorax,  aod  nigro-lineate  elytra. 
There  is  no  trace  of  an  opaque  stigma  on  the  elytra.  jS. 
haemonioides  cannot  be  included  under  Disema,  certain 
species  of  which  are  somewhat  similar.  The  other  de> 
scribed  nigro-lineate  Slatirae  are  all  very  different  from  the 
present  insect. 


ju^fhabbtical  numbered  list  of  the  sfgoies  of 
statisa  enumerated  in  the  preceding  paqbs 
(excluding  synonyms),  the  new  forms  indicated 
by  an  asterisk. 


'aoanthomero,  4 

•cnapidata,  14 

latJcollii,  31 

Mgrota,38 

'melanoptera.  123 

•cyanoptera,  89 

ogroides,  8 

cylindricollis,  124 

ainoena,  28 

•dejeani,  55 

mdeagriB.  18 

aimulata,  112 

•dentigera,  fl 

mi  cans,  29 

anthicoides.  125 

•diluU,  51 

*mucronBta,  11 

•diatigma,  88 

*divi8a,  50 

*aayinmetrica,  22 

'dromioidee.  92 

*octolineata,  82 

•batesi,  13 

•egaenaiB.  86 
elegans.  87 

•paraensifl,  104 

•bifurcata.  114 

•perforata,  127 

bryuiti,  95 

•elegantula,  99 

*penuu)a.  33 

*caeruleotiDcta,  59 

•eurydera.  68 

•pUoaa,  128 

•calieneie.  58 

fiaurata.  Ill 
•fiSconus.  126 

presutnraUs.  81 

•punctieeps,  53 
•puocticoUis,  60 

*flavMignata,  2 

•oanaUculata,  S2 

•formo«a.30 

•caracana,  ea 

fulvft,  78 

catonaU,  19 

fimcitaraia,  25 

•rotundicoUis,  49 

•cavernosa,  43 

gemmifer,  7 

ruafrons,  34 

•cayonnenaui,  120 

geniculata.  21 

•chalooptera,  42 

gracilia,  130 

Kratio8a,54 

■circumducta,  105 

•aegwgata,  101 

•conneia,  97 

■semicuprea.  47 

'convexiuacula,  76 

•incisicol^.  109 

•wmiiugra,  102 

•cribricep*.  122 

•inaulftiis,  77 

•8erioea,06 

•oTDciaU,  116 

latoraliB.  71 

aiinoni8,52 

'cupreoviridiH,  45 

l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


New  and  litUe-known  Lagriidae. 


*i[^DOdem,  36 
"aphenoptera,  40 
^pinigera,  3 

■plendicanH,  48 
"atsnoceph&ls,  36 
*Btenodera,  86 
^tenoptera.  93 
*atrongylioide8,  129 
"■nbtenestrata,  106 
*aabglat)rata,  67 
*auf^Ba,  72 

aumtuoso,  41 


*tei»upee,  115 


•torn 


>,  84 


tibialia,  26 
*tortipeB,  23 
•tracliYdeni,  74 
■traoHiucida,  66 

trilineata,S3 
•trisellaU,  103 

tnberculata,  15 
*ambroea,  67 

vogeguttaU,  108 


-  10 

•Teraicolor,  64 
•vigintipunctata,  46 
•yiridicioota,  96 
*TiridifafK;Uta,  98 
*Tiridiiutens,  37 

TiridipenniB,  20 
'Tiridltincto,  32 
•viridivittata,  70 

vittata.  79 
'xanthodera,  110 


SYNONYMS  AND  VARIETIES. 


■Dtillaium  [80] 

«nnata[81 

*tria)lli8[118] 

<;olombica[1181 

4i9coidalu[118] 

fostiva  [87] 
fl«Tovittat«[lI8] 

hiBtrio  [1] 
tannlataflll] 

morbiliosa  [29] 
plui»icomis[19] 

Tiridipennis  [55] 

EXPLANATIOK  OF   PlATES   XII,   XIII. 
[Ste  StrplaTialiojta  facing  the  Plate».] 


November  24,  1917. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


IX.  A  Revision  oj  the  genua  Tanicus.     By  G.  T.  Bethonk- 
Bakeb,  F.L.S.,  F.Z.S. 

tR»d  April  4th,  1917.] 

Plates  XIV-XX. 

A  YBAR  01  two  i^o  Mr.  Rowland-Brown  queetianed  me 
on  the  distinctness  of  the  Euiopean  species  of  the  genus 
Tamcus,  Moore,  and  my  answer  was  that  the  clasping  organs 
of  the  males  were  difierent,  and  that  therefore  I  considered 
the  species  were  distinct.  This  conversation  led  me  to 
look  up  the  whole  matter  afresh,  and  in  doubtful  cases 
to  make  more  preparations  of  the  genitalia,  thus  bringing 
to  light  the  fact  that  one  of  the  Indian  or  a  new  species 
occurred  in  Egypt  and  Algeria  as  well  as  the  well-known 
and  first-described  species  iheophTOStus,  Fab.;  this  dis- 
covery involved  a  more  extended  research  of  the  Indian 
species  of  this  complex  and  very  difficult  little  genus. 

My  investigations  have  caused  me  great  searchings  of 
heart,  not  on  the  distinctness  of  the  species  themselves, 
but  rather  on  the  questions  "  What  is  a  species?  "  and 
"  On  what  characters  are  we  to  form  species  V  It  is  quite 
obvious  that  in  this  genus  it  is  scarcely  possible  from  the 
pattern  alone  to  decide,  in  certain  cases,  which  is  which, 
and  yet  it  is  equally  certain  that  Butler's  and  Moore's 
species,  which  de  Nic^ville  called  so  strongly  into  question, 
are  quite  distinct  from  theophrastua,  their  clasping  organs 
are  quite  different,  an4  they  also  are  difierent  from  each 
other  in  addition  to  differing  from  that  species  described 
by  Fabricius. 

I  have  endeavoured  to  make  a  table  of  differences  in 
the  pattern  between  the  species,  but  in  vain,  for  whilst 
there  is  a  general  look  that  enables  one  to  assign  a  name 
to  the  specimens,  and  as  a  rule  the  assignment  is  right, 
yet  it  often  breaks  down ;  for  instance,  I  have  specimens 
from  Egypt  and  from  Algeria  that  I  had  placed  under 
theophrastus,  but  theit  clasps  proved  that  they  were  in 
reality  a  new  species  altogether;  again,  specimens  from 
I^ahe]  (Arabia)  and  from  India,  that  I  had  no  doubt  were 
nara,  proved  by  their  genitalia  to  be  ikeophraslvs.    There 

"TRANS.  ENT.  80C.  LOND.  1917. — PARTS  II,  ni,  IV  (MAY  '1 8)     T 


u,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


270  Mr.  G.  T.  Bethune-Baker  on 

is,  of  course,  an  explanation  so  far  as  the  patt«m  is  con- 
cerned, for  Lahej  and  Bhuj  vere  both  dry-season  specimens, 
and  this  would  account  for  the  pattern  being  small  and 
but  finely  marked,  even  though  the  specimens  themaelvea 
were  of  an  average  size.  The  difBcuJty  generally  occurs 
just  with  such  specimens  as  these ;  localities  unfortunately 
do  not  render  much  assistance,  for  if  we  are  to  rely  on  the 
determinations  of  observers  and  authors  like  Moore,  de 
Nic4ville,  Bingham  and  others  (and  I  think  we  can  rely 
on  them,  as  in  some  instances  I  have  been  able  to  confirm 
their  identifications  from  my  own  collection),  the  three 
commonest  Indian  species  overlap  each  other.  The  whole 
matter  is  very  difficult  and  complex,  but  it  shows  that 
we  must  not  depend  entirely  on  pattern  when  dealing 
with  closely  allied  species.  On  the  other  hand,  I  believe 
that  in  the  formation  of  genera  we  ought  not  to  com- 
pletely ignore  pattern,  especially  where  there  is  a  strong 
dominant  arrangement  of  it  that  enables  us  to  identify 
the  genus  of  the  species  directly  it  ia  seen. 

The  genus  is  so  closely  allied  to  CasUtlim  that  reference 
to  the  species  usually  placed  therein  became  necessary, 
and  I  found  that  in  one  species  at  least — ananda,  de  Nic^ 
ville — the  genitalia  led  me  to  think  that  it  mu^  be  included 
in  Tarucus,  whilst  an  examination  of  the  wing  scales  con- 
finned  it,  for  in  Castalius  there  are  no  "  battledore  "  scales, 
but  in  Tarticus  they  are  plentiful,  as  they  are  also  in  ananda. 

The  distribution  of  the  genus  is  interesting;  in  the 
Palaearctic  region  three  species  occur  which  are  confined 
in  that  area  to  the  Mediterranean  subregion,  two  being 
peculiar  to  it;  six  species  occur  in  the  Ethiopian  region 
(including  Socotra  therein),  of  which  five  are  peculiar  to 
it;  in  the  Oriental  region  twelve  species  obtain,  only  one 
of  them  (T.  tkeophraslus)  occurring  outside  its  limits,  and 
this  one  is  the  most  widely  distributed  of  all,  obtaining 
in  each  of  the  previously  mentioned  regions ;  the  Australian 
legion  is  just  invaded  in  its  Austro -Malayan  or  Papuan 
subdiatrict,  for  on  its  extreme  western  limits  a  single 
species  has  been  recorded  from  Celebes,  and  thb,  as  would 
be  premised,  is  peculiar  to  that  wonderful  island. 

The  genitaha  are  essentially  Lycaenine,  and  they  belong 
to  the  Lampides  section;  they  have,  however,  certain 
characters  that  are  quite  peculiar,  there  is  no  "  furca " 
— the  usual  "  furca  "  is  a  bifurcate  organ  arising  from  the 
clasps  near  the  base.     In  the  place  of  this  there  b  another 


ih,Cooi^lc 


A  Reviaion  o^  the  genus  Tarucus.  271 

organ  of  special  design,  there  is  also  a  long  hom-Iike 
sderite  attached  to  each  clasp  arising  from  the  same 
point,  or  very  near  the  same  point  as  the  special  organ 
just  referred  to,  but  developed  in  the  opposite  direction. 
These  Bclerites  appear  to  me  to  be  capable  of  independent 
movement;  this,  howevei",  would  not  prevent  combined 
action  with  the  other  organ  should  occasion  arise;  they 
lie  within  the  hollow  of  the  clasps  just  above  the  lower 
mai^ns,  and  rise  slightly  upwards  and  forwards,  often 
extending  beyond  their  (the  clasps)  apices.  It  is  difficult 
to  believe  that  they  can  assist  the  clasps  at  all  in  gripping 
the  abdomen  of  the  female,  but  they  might  easily  drop 

rt  below  the  abdomen  and  be  useful  as  excitatory  agents 
tapping  each  side  of  the  lower  area  of  the  stemite; 
they  might  well  be  called  the  "  virgae  excitatae."  The 
special  organ  leferted  to  above  can  be  termed  the  "  tec- 
torius  "  (used  for  a  covering);  it  seems  to  me  to  be  different 
from  the  "anellus,"  being  in  no  sense  a  cone-like  tube, 
nor  anything  like  it ;  it  also  quite  differs  from  the  "  manica," 
and  is  a  distinct  and  peculiar  development  that  I  have  not 
hitherto  met  with.  The  "  tectorius  "  rises  from  a  point 
in  the  very  rear  of  the  clasps,  expanding  immediately 
hindwards  {i.  e.  towards  the  abdomen)  into  two  broad 
chitinous  curtains — one  on  each  side — lying  within  the 
cingulum;  these  taper  more  or  less  rapidly  in  different 
species  and  assume  different  contours.  At  the  penal 
aperture  the  anellus  becomes  apparent  in  the  shape  of  a 
solid  ring,  or,  as  in  iheophratlua,  a  loosely  fitting  tube 
through  which  the  aedoeagus  passes;  this  nng  is  soldered 
on  to  the  lateral  curtains  of  the  tectorius,  which  rises 
slightly  above  the  anellus,  forming  a  small  hood  over  it. 
The  whole  organ  is  capable  of  considerable  movement 
fore  and  aft,  and  in  the  latter  case  can  be  moved  right  to 
the  back  of  the  cingulum,  in  which  case  it  takes  with  it 
the  aedoeagus,  which  is  then  thrown  right  out  of  its  usual 
horizontal  position  into  a  sharply  angled  one.  It  is  most 
probable  that  this  organ  (the  tectorius)  may  be  the  per- 
sistence of  a  very  ancient  character;  it  is  very  closely 
similar  to  the  cingulum  or  girdle,  keeping  the  aiedoeagus 
strictly  in  position,  and  it  appears  to  me  to  be  a  reasonable 
proposition  to  consider  it  a  reversion  to  the  original 
structure  when  there  were  two  seta  of  armatures,  one  around 
the  anus  and  another  protecting  the  sexual  organs;  oi  it 
may  be  an  instance  of  the  survival  of  an  atavic  character. 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


272  Mr.  G.  T.  Bethune-Baker  on 

De  Nic^ville,  when  he  dealt  with  this  genua  in  1890 
(Butt.  Ind.,  Ill,  p.  187),  wrote,  "  Omitting  T.  jdinuis, 
which  is  cAsily  recognised  and  belongs  to  a.  difieient  groap, 
six  fonns  of  T.  theopkraslus  have  been  recorded  from 
India,  and  are  maintained  as  distinct  species  by  Mr.  Butler. 
I  am  able  to  recognise  as  satisfactorily  distinct  two  only  of 
these  forms,  T.  theophrasltis  and  T.  venosus."  The  author 
then  goes  on  to  record  the  various  species  in  the  usual  way, 
but  states  definitely  under  each  name  that  he  regards  it 
as  a  form  of  tAeophToalus.  The  very  celebrated  French 
entomologist,  C.  Oberthur,  also  records,  in  his  incomparable 
"  Etudes  de  Lepidopt4rologie  Comparde,"  fascicule  iv, 
p.  158  ef  seq.,  a  similar  opinion,  only  he  goes  further  and 
treats  vawsus  also  as  a  form  of  theophrasltis,  and  he  con- 
firms this  in  vol.  x,  p.  377.  Both  Bingham  and  Swinhoe 
have  followed  de  NicSville's  lead,  going  further,  however, 
in  that  they  give  as  synonyms  all  the  other  species  except 
venosus.  I  believe  I  wrote  to  my  old  correspondent,  de 
Nic6ville,  and  informed  him  after  the  publication  of  his 
third  volume  that  both  T.  baikanica  and  some  of  the 
Indian  species  had  genitalia  quite  different  from  T,  theo- 
jArastus.  I  have  long  intended  to  revise  the  genus  and 
the  time  has  now  come  when  it  ought  to  be  done,  because 
I  have  no  doubt  at  all  that  all  the  species  Butler  refers  to 
will  stand  as  entirely  separate  species  from  the  European 
one.  He  (Butler),  however,  was  not  correct  in  his  idea  that 
Iheophrastus  would  turn  out  to  be  confined  to  Europe;  it 
is  quite  a  common  species  in  many  parts  of  India,  and  it 
occurs  in  Africa  south  of  the  Sahara. 

The  species  group  themselves  by  their  genitaUa  into 
three  well-marked  sections,  viz.  the  baikanica  section, 
including  nara,  callinara,  extricalus,  aUeralus  and  venosus; 
these  all  have  short,  broad  clasps  that  are  provided  with 
longish,  strong,  horn-like  sclerites;  theophrasttts  will  form 
another  section;  it  has  a  long,  narrow  clasp,  and  a  long 
aedoeagus ;  whilst  sybaris  and  grammica  and  quadralus 
have  short  very  broad  clasps,  with  no  hom-like  sclerites, 
di&erent  in  shape  to  either,  but  more  nearly  allied  to 
baikanica  than  to  theophrastus ;  the  last  of  the  three, 
quadralus,  forms  the  connecting  link  with  Fabricius's 
species  in  the  increased  length  of  the  clasps  and  the  long 
tooth  at  the  apex. 

It  is  interesting  and  curious  to  find  that  both  in  this 
genus  and  also  in  Castalivs,  the  species  that  have  been 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


A  Revision  ef  the  genus  Tarticus.  273 

selected  as  the  types  of  the  genua  have  both  long  har- 
pagones  (clasps),  by  no  means  typical  of  the  bulk  of  the 
genera,  but  in  each  case  there  are  connecting  links  between 
them.  The  two  genera  are  evidently  closely  rehit«d. 
They  can,  however,  be  separated  by  two  characters;  the 
species  of  Tamcua  have  androconia  (i.  e.  battledore  scales), 
none  of  the  species  of  Casbilius  have  them;  there  are 
only  two  or  three  that  I  have  not  had  the  opportunity  of 
examining,  and  I  believe  I  am  correct  in  thinking  that 
those  I  do  not  know  are  not  Ukely  to  have  these  scales. 
The  second  character  is  the  genitalia,  the  general  form  of 
the  clasps  is  quite  different,  the  aedoeagus  differs  also, 
whilst  the  shape  and  position  of  the  cingulum  and  tegumen 
conErm  the  previous  points;  there  ia  also  no  tectorius. 
It  will  be  seen  that  my  conclusions  have  been  brought 
about  in  the  first  instance  solely  by  my  investigations  of 
the  genitaha;  these  led  to  the  necessity  of  re-grouping 
most  of  the  species  and  very  many  of  the  individual  speci- 
mens, and  in  so  doing  I  have  discovered  other  species, 
evidently  quite  distinct,  that  had  always  hitherto  passed 
under  other  well-known  names.  Under  these  circum- 
stances it  was  manifestly  advisable  to  confirm  these  points, 
and  for  this  I  turned  to  the  uidroconial  scales  that  are  so 
marked  a  character  in  the  males  of  the  majority  of  the 
Jjycaeninae;  these  amply  confirm  the  correctness  of  each 
of  the  specific  identifications  I  had  made,  and  they  also 
confirm  the  re-grouping  of  such  species  as  ananda  and 
bowkeri,  neither  of  which  had  hitherto  been  included  in 
the  genus.  The  South  African  species  (bowkeri)  is,  I  admit, 
abenant ;  its  pattern  differs  from  the  rest  of  its  allies  in 
certain  particulani,  its  clasps  differ  also,  but  the  androconia 
are  so  close  to  theophrasltis  that  I  have  included  it  with 
the  others.  In  cases  of  this  kind  it  appears  to  me  to  be 
better  to  do  this,  indicating  the  small  divergencies,  rather 
than  to  create  a  new  genus  for  a  single  species  that  otherwise 
groups  itself  very  naturally  with  its  close  allies. 

Tarueosnara,  Eollar.    Plates  XIV,  figs.  1,  la; 
XV,  fig.  1,  and  XIX,  fig.  19. 

Lycaena  nara,  Eollar,  Hiigel's  "  Kaschmir,"  iv,  pt.  2,  p. 
421  (1648). 
The  general  consensus  of  opinion  on  the  identification 
of  this  species  seems  to  me  to  be  correct ;  it  is  almost  as 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


274  Mr.  G.  T.  Betbune-Baker  on 

laree  as  venoms,  but  the  primaries  are  more  triangular 
and  look  broader  at  the  termen.  In  colour  it  is  lustrous 
violet  with  narrow  dark  borders.  Below  it  is  white  with 
blackish  spots,  the  postmedian  and  subt«rmiii&l  lines 
being  strongly  marked  and  but  slightly  interrupted  at  the 
veins,  the  former  is  sharply  turned  round  (almost  angled) 
at  vein  6  basewards  to  the  costa ;  in  the  secondaries  the 
postmedian  line  is  continuous  and  slightly  crenulated, 
whilst  the  spots  are  well  separated.  I  think  it  would  be 
well  to  say  that  I  know  of  no  pattern  or  mark  that  holds 
true  in  a  long  series  of  any  species  in  this  small  genus  with 
the  exception  of  sybaris  and  its  allies;  they  all  seem  to 
gravitate  towards  theophrastua,  whilst  theophrastus  in  its 
dry-season  forms  gravitates  towards  one  or  two  of  the 
Indian  species  such  as  caUinara  or  ejirkatus.  I  have 
never  experienced  such  difficulty  in  separatilig  species 
as  I  have  done  with  these.  There  are  only  three  that  I 
have  not  made  mistakes  with  even  after  the  utmost  care, 
and  had  it  not  been  for  the  very  distinctive  genitaUa  of 
each  species,  I  should  have  found  it  quite  impossible  to 
decide  with  certainty  what  some  forms  were.  In  diagno«ng 
the  pattern  I  have  picked  a  good  average  specimen,  but 
with  either  the  dry  or  wet  season  forms  the  diagnosis 
will  not  be  absolute.  It  is  fortunate  that  the  genitalia 
are  quite  distinctive,  otherwise  it  would  have  been  im- 
possible to  say,  as  we  can  say  now,  that  Moore's  and 
Butler's  eyes  served  them  well  and  correctly,  when,  without 
any  knowledge  of  the  reproductive  organs,  tbey  described 
the  forms  they  had  before  them  as  new  spedes. 

The  genitalia  {of  fiom)  are  easily  separable  from  iU  near  alliea. 
The  olaaps  are  subovate  with  the  upper  margin  slightly  flattened, 
the  rounded  front  edge  being  furnished  thronghout  with  a  row  of 
sharp  teeth.  The  hornlike  sclerites  (virgae  eicitatae)  are  wedge- 
shaped,  tapeting  to  a  point,  and  not  extending  beyond  the  apex 
of  the  claep.  The  tegumen  is  typical  of  the  fiist  SBCtJon  of  the 
gcnuH,  being  deeply  divided  with  only  a  narrow  connecting  ridge  at 
the  rear;  the  falees  are  shortish  and  stout.  The  aedoeagna  is  ^so 
fairly  typical  of  this  section,  it  is  moderately  stout,  shortish,  with  the 
front  portion  beyond  the  zone  suddenly  reduced,  and  rapidly 
tapering  to  a  point  The  claspe  an  famished  with  kuig  Strang 
bristles,  and  the  tegumen  with  finer  and  shorter  onea.  llie  teotorius 
is  very  broad  at  the  base,  tapering  at  its  tnat  edge  rapidly  np  to 
the  aneltua.    The  androconia  are  rounder  and  shorter  sad  anuUler 


Ij.y.l.AjL.yCOO'^lL' 


A  Bevinon  ^  the  genua  Tarvcus.  275 

than  any  of  ita  allies;  the  apex  or  distal  extremity  being  mora 
deeply  convex;  tbeie  are  fourteen  rows  of  laminft  with  minute 
tabercles,  the  eighth  row  being  the  longest,  though  the  row  oa  each 
side  runs  it  reiy  close,  the  eighth,  however,  marks  the  summit  of 
the  csonvex  apex;  the  proximal  or  basal  portion  of  the  scale  is 
asymmetrical,  being  more  rounded  on  one  aide  of  the  Coot-stalk 
than  the  other. 

I  should,  perhaps,  explain  that  in  this  genus,  as  generally 
with  the  Lycaeninae,  the  foot-stalks  are  quite  straight, 
arising  from  near  the  centre  of  the  androconia,  and  that 
when  I  refer  to  the  proximal  end  or  base  I  always  mean 
the  contour  of  the  scale  itself,  not  the  nanow  foot-stalk, 

Tameiu  venosus,  Moore.    Plates  XIV,  fig.  2 ;  XV,  fig.  2 ; 
XVIII  and  XIX,  fig.  20. 

T.  venosus,  Moore,  P.Z.S.  Lond.  1882,  p.  245,  pi.  xii,  ff.  6, 
6a  S. 
With  the  exception  of  T.  balkanica,  a  much  amallei 
species,  this  is  the  darkest  of  the  genus,  and  it  does  not 
appear  to  vary  in  size  like  the  other  species,  its  <^  average 
size  being  about  26  mm.,  the  $  being  slightly  larger  (both 
tiara  and  iheophrastus  reach  these  sizes  not  infrequently, 
but  their  average  is  certainly  less) ;  the  colour  of  the  male 
is  dull  sublustrous  violaceous,  with  a  single  brown  spot 
at  the  end  of  the  cell,  which  is  frequently  almost  absent 
in  the  secondaries.  Moore  says  it  has  a  broad  marginal 
dusky  border  (the  type  form  has  the  border  increasing 
from  the  aper  very  rapidly  in  the  primaries  to  a  quarter 
of  the  inner  margin),  but  this  varies,  and  occasional  speci- 
mens occur  with  barely  more  than  a  lineal  dark  border. 
The  underside  is  more  nearly  related  to  T.  theophTOSttis 
than  to  the  others;  the  pattern  being  spotted,  without 
lines,  t.  e.  the  rows  of  spots  do  not  form  continuous  lines, 
the  postmedian  and  submarginal  series  consisting  of  uniform 
and  almost  parallel  rows  of  large  spots  in  both  wings. 
The  Cashmire  form  is  spotted  above  as  is  balkanica,  but 
below  it  is  typical. 

The  genitalia  are  more  nearly  allied  to  ballamica,  but  are  decidedly 
larger  and  more  robust.  This  is  very  noticeable  in  the  clasps  and 
«ven  more  so  in  the  hom-Uke  sclprites  (virgae  excitatae),  which  are 
as  large  again.  The  clasps  are  similar  in  shape,  being  broad  and 
rounded  on  the  upper  edge,  but  being  suddenly  reduced  and  excised 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


276  Mr.  G.  T.  Bethune-Baker  on 

near  the  apei.  The  tegumen  is  hood-ahsped,  open  aboTC,  except 
for  the  rounded  ridge  at  the  nor ;  the  falcea  are  BmoUer  in  propor- 
tion than  in  balka»iea.  The  aedoeagus  is  short  and  broad,  and  is 
suddenly  leduoed  at  the  lone  (for  this  name  see  Chapman  in  these 
Transections,  1916,  pp.  168,  159),  where  it  topers  off  to  a  fine  point 
with  two  lai^  comuti  in  the  vesica.  The  hristles  on  the  clasps  are 
not  plentiful  and  are  fine,  those  on  the  tegumen  equally  fine  but 
longer  than  usual.  The  tect«riu8  is  developed  on  the  same  linee  as 
in  nara,  but  is  shorter,  less  ample,  and  somewhat  different  in  outline. 

The  androconia  are  oblong,  evenJy  rounded  distally; 
the  sides  oi  the  oblong  are  of  unequal  length  owing  to  the 
proximal  end  of  the  scale  being  quite  different  on  one 
side  of  the  foot-stalk  to  the  other ;  on  the  one  side  it  is  evenly 
rounded,  the  other  being  excised,  the  foot-stalk  is  not  in 
the  centre  and  thus  causes  one  side  of  the  base  to  be 
longer  than  the  other.    There  are  sixteen  rows  of  lamina. 

Tarueus  watorstradtl,  Dnice.    Plate  XVII,  fig.  16. 

Tantcus  waterstradti,  Druce,  P.Z.S.  1896,  p.  585,  pi.  xxxii, 
f .  21  ?. 
This  species  is  desciibed  from  a  female,  and  Druce  says 
that  the  upperside  is  very  similar  to  the  upperside  of  the 
9  of  T.  theopkraslus,  Fab. 

"  Underside  perhaps  nearest  to  T.  venogtu,  Moore.  Fore-wing : 
basal  streak  shortar  and  much  broader,  and  extending  down  to  the 
Bubmediau  nervure,  the  streak  beyond  broader  and  placed  at  a 
much  greater  angle,  the  spote  beyond  the  middle  more  in  Une, 
the  submarginal  row  distinctly  separated,  and  the  marginal  row 
smaller.  Hind-wing  :  a  brood  basal  streak  from  just  below  the 
costal  margin  to  the  anal  angle ;  a  broad  streak  beyond,  also  from 
the  costal  to  the  anal  mo^n ;  then  a  series  of  spots  as  in  7.  venotu», 
which  are  more  inclined  to  run  parallel  with  the  streaks;  then  a 
submarginal  row  of  targe  distinct  spots  followed  by  a  marginal 
row  of  small  spots,  the  three  upper  being  simply  dots,  the  three 
lower  gradually  increasing  towards  the  anal  angle  and  dusted 
thickly  with  mel-allic  green  scales.  The  ground-colour  of  both  wings 
is  slightly  tinged  with  yellowish  and  all  the  markings  are  black;  the 
cilia  of  both  wings  black. 

•'Kina  Balu  (Wateretr,),    Type,  Mus.  Stand." 

The  Bomean  spedes  is  evidently  a  close  ally  of  venoms, 
but  the  imique  type  is  not  available  for  comparison.     I 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


A  Revision  of  the  genus  Tarucus.  277 

have  given  a  photographic  reproduction  of  Druce's  excellent 
figure  in  which  the  underside  showa  the  pattern  as  well 
as  the  original  drawing. 

Tarueua  balkanica,  Freyer.     Plates  XIV,  figs.  3-36; 
XV,  fig.  3,  and  XIX,  figs.  21,  22. 

L.  balkanica,  Frr.,  v,  p.  63,  pi.  421,  ft.  1,  2  (1844). 

J.  Deep  lustrous  violet,  spotted  with  black-;  in  the  primary 
there  is  a  spot  closing  the  cell,  a  series  of  six  postmedian  spots,  the 
second,  third  and  fourth  irregular  and  shifted  outwards  from  the 
first,  the  fifth  and  sixth  confluent,  shifted  veil  inwards ;  these 
occupy  the  same  position  &e  those  on  the  underside,  but  are  not 
merely  showing  through  as  they  are  definitely  pigmented  on  the 
upper  surface ;  there  U  also  a  small  dark  cloud  in  the  tomus  of  the 
primary.  The  underside  is  white  with  the  spots  almost  formed 
into  lines  or  dashes;  the  postmedian  line  is  almost  cienulate  and 
practically  continuous  in  both  wings;  in  the  primaries  it  is  curved 
to  the  coata  from  vein  6  and  not  infrequently  is  fractured  at  that 
point;  the  submarginal  series  on  the  primaries  is  prominent  and 
generally  interHecfed  at  the  veins.  The  principal  distinguishing 
feature  is  its  deep  violet  colour  with  prominent  black  spots  on  the 
nppeiBide. 

The  form  from  the  Transcaspian  region  is  unusually  large 
and  fine  and  is  quite  distinctive  enough  to  be  described  as 
a  local  race;  I  propose  for  it  the  name  of  T.  balkanica 
areshaTia,  vat.  no  v. 

The  blue  though  dark  is  much  moie  lustrous  than  the  fonn  from 
Asia  Minor  or  Syria,  whilst  the  underside  pattern  is  much  more 
heavily  marked,  the  postmedian  and  submarginal  bands  being 
more  than  as  wide  ^ain  and  most  commonly  taking  the  form  of 
broad  bands,  rather  than  rows  of  spots.  Again,  the  siie  also  is 
decidedly  larger,  my  specimens  of  the  type  form  measuring  2 1-22  mm. 
against  the  Aresh  form,  26-29  mm.  1  have  a  series  of  a  dozen  speci- 
mens which  were  captiued  for  mo  at  Geok  Tepe  by  my  friend. 
Captain  Malcolm  Burr. 

The  species  looked  so  different  that  at  first  I  mistook 
it  for  ikeophraslus,  and  it  ia  referred  to  again  under  that 


Ttie  genitaUa  are  usually  small  and  slight,  the  clasps  are  brood 
and  very  saddenly  excised  very  near  the  apex,  which  is  reduced 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


278  Mr.  G.  T.  Bethune-Baker  on 

and  has  more  or  lew  a  Htreight  terminaljon,  finely  seml«d;  the 
homy  solerites  are  aickle -shaped  with  the  blade  portion  only  moder- 
ately curved ;  the  bristles  on  the  claapa  are  long  but  not  very  numer- 
ous; the  tegumen  is  of  the  usual  shape,  vith  large,  strong  (propor- 
tionately) falces,  the  bristles  being  fairly  long,  but  not  very  numerous. 
The  aodoeagus  is  short  sjid  moderately  stout  and  has  the  apical 
portion  reduced  as  in  most  other  species.  The  teclorius  is  of 
moderate  siEe,  of  the  usual  shape,  with  the  anellus  rather  definite. 
The  androconia  are  almost  oval,  the  sides  being  nearly  straight, 
but  not  quite  bo;  they  are  evenly  rounded  distally,  but  not  quite 
evenly  rounded  proximally,  possibly  caused  by  the  foot-stalk  being 
given  off  somewhat  away  from  the  centre ;  there  are  fourteen  rows 
of  lamina,  the  sculpturing  of  which  is  rather  uneven. 

It  is  intereating  to  find  that  the  androconia  of  the  Axeah 
race  are  markedly  diiTerent  to  those  of  the  type  form ;  the 
scale  ia  broader  proximally  almost  evenly  oval,  but  in- 
creasing in  width  to  near  its  distal  extremity,  which  is 
evenly  but  sUghtly  rounded.  The  foot-stalk  is  given  off 
almost  at  the  centre,  and  there  are  nineteen  rows  of 
lamina  which  are  heavily  sculptured.  The  naming  the  race 
areahana  is,  I  think,  fully  confirmed  by  the  androconia. 


Tuuotu  eaUinara,  Butler.     Plates  XIV,  fig.  4 ;  XV,  fig.  4 ; 
XVIII  and  XIX,  fig.  23. 

T.  caUinara,  Butler,  Ann.  and  Mag.  N.H.,  vol.  xviii,  p.  185 
(1886). 

^.  Type  form.  Both  wings  lustrous  violet  blue  with  a  single 
dark  spot  closing  the  cell  in  the  primaries  only.  Underside  entirely 
spotted,  not  in  lines  or  dashes;  the  postmedian  and  terminal  series 
ofspots  are  parallel  and  are  composed  of  definite  spots  in  both  wings; 
the  basal  marks  of  the  secondaries  are  also  spots. 

T,  eaUinara  nigra,  forma  nov. 

3.  Pale,  BubluHtrous  lilac  with  a  large  dark  spot  closing  the  cell 
in  the  primaries  only,  beyond  which  are  one,  two,  or  more  dark 
spots,  smaller  than  in  balkanica,  but  quite  distinct;  the  marking 
of  the  underside  is  finer  than  in  the  type  form  and  inclined  to  resolve 
itself  more  into  lines,  i.  e.  the  spots  are  apt  to  become  confluent. 

This  form  seems  to  be  commoner  than  the  type.  I 
have  a  aeries  from  Cutch,  from  Karachi  and  Campbellpore. 


Ij.y.l.AjL.yCOO'^lL' 


A  Revision  (^  the  genus  Tarucua.  279 

It  appeals  to  me  to  be  prpbable  that  this  species  and 
extTKotus  have  been  mizecl  together  not  infrequently,  ae  it 
is  most  difficult  to  separate  the  type  fonu  (i.  e.  the  form  that 
is  not  spotted  on  the  upper  surface)  from  extricattts,  Butler ; 
both  species  are  to  be  found  at  Karachi  at  the  same  time, 
as  also  is  nara,  but  whether  they  obtain  in  exactly  the  same 
locality  together  I  have  been  unable  to  find  out.  I  fear 
I  could  only  separate  the  type  form  of  callinara  from 
txtricalus  by  an  examination  of  the  prehensores.  These 
in  callinara  ate  very  close  to  balkanica. 

The  clasps  are  ver;  similar,  but  are  decidedly  larger  and  broader, 
the  sclerites  are  also  larger  and  heavier  in  shape  and  are  not  so 
■hiuply  sickle -shaped ;  the  falceg  are  also  proportionately  larger 
and  lue  without  the  reduced  apical  hook;  the  aedoeagus  is,  how- 
ever, narrower  than  in  balkanica  and  slightly  longer;  the  bristles 
on  both  the  clospe  and  the  t«gumen  are  much  finer  and  ore  less 
nnmeroua.  The  tectorina  is  very  ample  and  broad  at  the  base  and 
is  curved  round  at  the  rear  up  to  the  anellus,  fronUd  it  is  convex 
and  is  strengthened  at  its  edge  by  extra  thickened  cbitin  folded 
over  to  the  upper  edge  of  the  organ. 

Th«  androconia  are  of  a  long  oblong  shape  with  atraightish 
Rides,  a  fairly  even  oval  base  (with  the  foot-stalk  nearly  central), 
uul  bat  slightly  curved  distally ;  there  are  twelve  rows  of 
lamina,    of    which    the    sculpturing   is    very   definite    and    wide 


Tanieiis  eztrieatas,  Butler.     Plates  XIV,  fig.  D :  XV  fig  5 
and  XIX,  fig.  24. 

T.  exlricatus,  Butler,  P.Z.S.  Lond.,  1886,  p.  366,  pi.  xsxv 
f .  2  (J. 

3.  The  type  is  a  diminutive  specimen  from  Campbellpore 
dated  "31.v.'85,"  the  abdomen  is  missing,  so  we  cannot 
decide  the  point  from  the  genitaUa. 

The  colour  is  hiac  blue,  of  a  pale  tone,  the  pattern  is 
composed  of  fine  lines  rather  than  spots ;  the  specimen 
however,  is  very  small  indeed,  so  that  the  pattern  b  com- 
preesed  into  a  very  small  area,  and  would  therefore  almost 
of  necessity  faU  into  Unes.  The  type  is  a  dry-season  speci- 
men. Those  taken  m  September  and  onwards  are  nuire 
violet  bine,  and  the  underside  pattern,  though  still  fine 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


280  Mr.  G.  T.  Bethune-Baker  on 

resolves  itaelf  into  spots  &nd  lunulea  and  is  less  fine  than 
in  the  type. 

I  see  no  reasoa  to  doubt  the  correctDeea  of  tb«  general  identiGca- 
tione  of  Ibis  insect;  the  genitalia  are  distinct  from  other  species, 
they  are  small,  the  clasps  are  broad,  rounded  on  the  npper  edge 
and  slightly  dentate,  the  lower  apex  being  produced  forward  some- 
what and  is  very  slightly  deiitBt«;  the  homy  sclerites  are  fine 
and  curved;  the  tegumen  is  similar  to  the  usual  pattern,  but  the 
falces  are  very  short  and  angled  sharply  at  the  rear;  the  aedoeagui 
is  fine  and  waved  with  the  pointed  apex  generally  obtaining 
in    the  genus.     The   tectorius  is  very  simple  and  of  moderate 

The  uidrocouis  are  oblong,  subovate  proiimally,  and  slightly 
curved  distally;  there  aie  twelve  rows  of  lamina,  the  sculpturing 
of  which  is  rather  small  and  well  separated;  the  foot-stalk  is  given 
oS  rather  out  of  the  centre. 

Tarnens  aitontos,  Moore.    Plates  XIV,  fig.  6 ;  XV,  fig.  6 ; 
XVIII  and  XIX,  fig.  25. 

T.  aUeratus,  Moore,  P.Z.S.  Lend.,  1882,  p.  245,  pi.  xii, 
ff.  4,  ia  (J. 

^.  Uppetside  :  the  blnest  of  the  genus  with  less  violet  than  any 
of  its  allies;  it  is  perhaps  the  only  one  that  can  truly  be  termed 
blue;  the  spot  closing  tho  cell,  in  the  primaiies  only,  is  not  very 
prominent,  whilst  the  spot  in  the  secoadaries  at  the  anal  angle  is 
distinct.  The  terminal  dark  lino  is  linear.  The  underside  is  gre3ri£h 
rather  than  white ;  the  pattern  is  small,  very  much  broken  up, 
the  spots  and  dashes  being  rusty  red;  in  some  females  this  may 
become  tawny  brown. 

The  genitalia  ore  distinct  and  large,  the  clasps  being  much  the 
shape  of  a  ham  with  the  apes  sharply  serrate  at  the  knuckle  end; 
the  hom-Uke  sclerilfs  are  strnighl,  stout  and  long;  the  bristles  are 
long,  strong  and  abundant;  the  tegumen  is  not  bo  deeply  divided, 
with  rather  finer  and  shorter  bristles  and  with  the  falcee  Urge  and 
very  strong;  the  oedoeagus  is  short  with  the  front  part  suddenly 
reduced  and  tapering  to  the  tip.  The  tectorius  is  rather  small, 
of  the  usual  shape  with  the  anellus  very  pronounced.  Tlie  andco- 
conia  are  large  and  broad,  somewhat  ovale  |a«ximally,  the  base 
being  evenly  oval  with  the  footstalk  central;  the  sides  are  veiy 
slightly  curved;  the  distal  curve  is  slight  also  and  not  quite  even; 
there  are  sixteen  rows  of  lamina,  the  sculpturing  being  wide  apart 
and  very  distinct. 


ll,y,l,/eJh,G00t5lc 


A  Revision  t^  the  genus  Tarvcus.  281 

Tarneus  bengalensfa,  sp.  nov.     Plates  XIV,  fig.  8 ; 
XVl.  fig.  8,  and  XIX,  fig.  27. 

1^.  Both  wings  pale  riolet-blue  tinged  with  lilac,  the  colour  being 
BcJid  and  not  showing  the  nndeniide  through,  except  to  &  veiy  slight 
extent.  Primaries  with  a  conspicuous  spot  closing  the  cell.  Ter- 
nmutl  linM  blackish.  Underside  very  similar  to  mediUmmtae, 
bnt  tbe  small  series  of  spots  just  bejond  the  celt  in  both  wings  nearer 
the  cell  than  in  that  speciee  where  they  are  close  to  the  postmedian 
tines.  Poetmedian  and  submarginal  Unes  parallel  and  decidedly 
broader  than  in  the  previous  species. 

Genitalia  nearer  to  T.  aittrattt*,  but  very  different  from  T.  mtditer- 
rantae,  the  clasps  are  Urge  aad  are  suddenly  excavated  in  a  deepish 
arc  midway  along  the  upper  edge,  from  whence  they  extend  in  a 
broad  curve  to  the  apex,  which  is  straigbtish  but  sharply  aerrated ; 
the  bom-like  scleritea  aie  very  long,  rather  narrow  at  the  base  and 
tapering  quickly  to  a  fine  point,  they  are  curved  the  revetse  way  to 
those  of  tJie  Bpeciee  already  mentioned  and  extend  well  beyond  the 
apex  of  the  clasp,  the  bristles  are  fine,  longish,  but  few  in  number; 
the  tegamen  is  of  the  usual  pattern,  less  ample  and  with  very  long 
faloes;  the  aedoeagus  is  quite  different  from  either  of  the  species 
referred  to  previously,  being  more  of  the  bathtnira  pattern ;  it  is, 
however,  decidedly  longer  with  the  apex  suddenly  reduced  at  rather 
more  than  a  third  from  the  tip,  and  having  a  shorter  pointed  process 
from  the  point  of  reduction.  The  tectoritis  is  of  mcdcrate  size  and 
well  developed. 

Expanse  25  mm. 

HiA.  Cauctta. 

Type  in  my  collection. 

The  genitalia  are  so  diflerent  to  the  nearest  alhes  that 
there  can  be  no  question  as  to  the  advisability  of  aaming 
the  insect,  even  though  at  present  it  is  unique. 

The  androconia  are  broadly  oval,  the  curve  iliHtatly  being  slightly 
broader  than  the  proximal  section  and  the  sides  are  also  somewhat 
rounded ;  there  are  eighteen  rows  of  lamina,  the  sculpturing  being 
fine  and  rather  close. 


Tarnous  medlterraneae,  sp.  n.    Plates  XIV,  figs,  "l-lb; 

XVI,  fig.  7;  XIX,  fig.  26. 

(J.  Upperside  lilac  blue,  with  a  black  bar  closing  the  cell  in  the 

prinuuies  only,  anal  spot  in  secondaries  distinct,  terminal  borders 

very  nurowly  blackish.    Underaide,  white  with  dark  markii^s. 


u,y,l,/eJh,C00glc 


282  Mr.  0.  T.  Bethune-Bakei  m 

Primariee  with  tjie  basal  and  subbasal  marks  as  osual,  but  well 
separated ;  a  long  narrow  dash  from  close  to  tRe  costs  across  the 
end  of  the  cell,  directly  below  which  is  a  broader  waved  dash,  theee 
are  followed  by  a  subcostal  spot  with  a  second  spot  projected  far 
out  between  veins  6  and  6,  a  dash  almost  below  the  subcostal  spot 
between  veins  3  and  6 ;  postmedian  line  continuous,  obtusely  angled 
between  veins  6  and  6.  Submarginal  line  consisting  of  a  series  of 
internervular  spots.  Secondaries  with  a  basal  stripe,  directly  below 
which  is  an  inner  marginal  spot,  a  median  row  of  fonr  spots  below 
each  other,  the  two  lowest  of  which  may  be  confluent,  a  dasb  closing 
the  cell,  two  spots  below  the  cosia  generally  united,  three  united 
spots  projected  outwards  between  veins  3  and  6,  two  united  spots 
below  the  daah  closing  the  cell,  a  continuous  curved  line  just  beyond 
these  spots,  followed  by  a  series  of  submai^inal  spots  with  metallic 
blue  gteen  suffusion,  the  second  anal  spot  being  the  most  prominent. 

$.  Upperside  :  both  wings  brown  with  whitish  traces  in  the  discal 
area.     Underside  as  in  the  male. 

Expanse,  £  23-26  mm;   $  22-23  mm. 

Bab.  EoYPT  (Alexandria) ;  Ai^iria  ;  Paleotink. 

Types  in  my  collection  from  Alexandria. 

Specimens  from  Cairo  are  paler  above  with  finer  markings 
below,  whilst  the  form  from  Palestine  is  much  paler  above 
and  ia  sbghtly  larger  also.  A  pair  from  Biski«  (Algeria), 
collected  by  Eaton  in  1895,  are  more  heavily  spotted  below, 
whilst  the  female  is  well  suffused  with  blue  in  the  basal 
area  of  the  primaries. 

Lord  Rothschild  has  in  the  Tring  Museum  a  series 
collected  in  different  parts  of  Algeria,  and  several  hundred 
miles  into  the  Sahara.  I  shall,  however,  refer  to  these 
again  under  the  species  theopkrastus. 

In  Section  I  of  the  genus  this  species  is  an  excellent 
example  of  the  instability  of  pattern,  specimens  from 
Alexandria  and  Cairo  difiering  to  some  extent,  both  difier- 
ing  more  markedly  from  the  Biskra  pair,  whilst  these  from 
Biskra  differ  quite  perceptibly  from  those  in  the  Tring 
Museum  from  other  Algerian  localities. 

The  genitalia  are  fortunately  easily  lecognisable  and  differ  from 
others  of  the  genus ;  the  clasps  ate  large  and  broad,  rapidly  tapering 
for  the  apical  third,  the  whole  of  this  portion  beingsharply  and  deeply 
dentate,  the  ajiex  itself  consisting  of  two  sharp  t«eth ;  the  hom-like 
•olerites  are  very  bioad  at  their  base,  tapering  narrower  for  two- thirds 
where  they  are  angled  downwards  and  are  rapdly  reduced  to  a 


ih,Cooi^lc 


A  Reomon  cf  the  genua  Tarucue.  283 

fine  pcHiit  extending  to  the  apei  of  the  claspa;  the  bristles  are 
longisb,  moderately  stoat,  but  not  numerous ;  the  togumen  is  fairly 
large  of  the  usual  pattern  with  strong  falces;  the  bristles  being 
finer  &nd  shorter  than  thoee  of  the  clasps;  this  is,  hoverer,  usual; 
the  aedoeagus  is  long  and  vaved ;  the  vesica  being  finely  shagreened, 
and  the  tectorius  ample  and  of  the  usual  shape ;  it  is,  1  think,  the 
largest  in  the  genus.  The  androconia  are  very  broad,  and  were  it 
not  that  one  side  of  the  proximal  extremity  is  excised,  it  would 
form  an  evenly-shaped  oblong;  the  foot'Slalk  is  given  ofF  centrally; 
there  are  seventeen  rows  of  lamina  rather  widely  separated,  whoee 
sculpturing  is  somewhat  small. 

Section  II  contains  three  species,  T.  grammiea,  G. -Smith, 
T.  starts,  Hopffer,  and  T,  madralus,  Grant.  The  first  is 
a  species  from  Mombasa  and  from  Somaliland,  the  second 
a  widely-spread,  if  local,  S9Uth  African  insect,  and  the  laat 
a  species  from  Socotra, 

The  genitalia  in  all  of  these  lack  the  horn-like  sclerites 
which  are  so  peculiar  a  character  of  the  first  section; 
guadralus,  however,  has  developed  a  tusk-like  extension 
of  the  upper  apex  of  the  clasps,  and  thus  forms  a  connecting 
link  with  Section  III,  containing  only  the  type  of  the 
genua.  All  three  species  in  Section  II  have  the  same  type 
of  aedoeagus  as  has  Section  I. 

Taraetu  grammiea,  Grose-Smith.     Plates  XIV,  fig.  9,  and 
XVI,  fig.  10. 

Lycaeneslkes  grammiea,  Grose-Smith,  Rhop.  Exot.,  ii, 
p.  102,  pi.  xxiii,  ff.  3,  4  (1893). 
(J.  Both  win^  dark  brown.  PrimarieB  with  a  darker,  spot 
closing  the  oell ;  secondaries  with  a,  terminal  row  of  Bpot«  encircled 
with  white,  more  prominently  on  the  inner  side.  There  is  a  trace 
of  a  similar  row  of  spots  on  the  tecmen  of  the  primaries,  but  it  is 
very  obscure.  Underside  white  with  the  markings  of  the  primaries 
large.  From  the  spot  closing  the  cell  in  the  primaries  there  is  a 
short,  broad  dash  forming  an  L  with  the  cell  spot;  the  broken  series 
of  marks  outside  this  is  imited  into  an  irregular  band,  very  broad 
below  vein  2;  the  postmedian  series  of  spots  is  pushed  far  out, 
near  to  the  eubterminal  series,  the  former  being  composed  of  fair- 
sized  spota  increasing  in  size  towards  the.  inner  margin  where  they 
coalesce,  the  latter  consists  of  six  intemervular  smaller  spots; 
the  nsual  basal  dash  and  subbasal  wedge-shaped  mark  are  present. 
Secondaries :  a  basal  subcostal  dash  with  a  spot  below  it,  followed 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


284  Mr.  G.  T.  Bethune-Baker  on 

by  four  short  distinct  dashes;  ft  short  costal  and  subcostal  con- 
fluent mark  touching  the  spot  closing  the  cell,  below  wbich  is  another 
short  dash ;  outside  the  cell  spot  are  three  irregular  confluent  spots, 
beyond  which  is  the  postmedian  row  of  spots  moderately  evenly 
ourred,  followed  by  the  subterminal  row,  some  of  which  are  slightly 
iridescent. 

Genitalia :  the  clasps  are  very  brood  and  are  evenly  curved,  but 
if  flattened  somewhat  wedge-shaped;  the  bristles  arc  fine  and  not 
long;  the  tegumen  is  of  moderate  size,  and  the  falces  are  small; 
the  bristles  line  and  shortish;  the  aedoeagus  is  shortish,  suddenly 
reduced  all  round  about  the  middle,  from  whence  it  gradually  tapers 
in  a  curve  to  a  fine  point.    The  tectorius  is  very  reduced. 

This  is  a  very  distinct  species  and  was  first  described  by 
Grose-Smith  as  Lycaenesthea  grammica  in  1893  (l.c.). 
In  1898  Miss  Sharpe  described, her  huisae,  as  it  had  not 
at.  that  time  been  discovered  that  the  former  species  had 
nothing  to  do  with  the  genus  LycaenesOiea ;  louisae  therefore 
falls  as  a  synonym  to  grammica. 

Tarvom  sybarls,  Hopffer.     Plates  XIV,  fig.  10 ; 
XVI,  fig.  9,  and  XX,  fig.  28. 

Lycaena  sybaris,  Hopfi.,  Monats.  K.  Preuaa.  Akad.  Wis- 
senach..  p.  642  (1855). 
3-  Blue  tinged  with  mauve  in  both  wings.  The  primartea  with 
a  black  spot  closing  the  cell,  and  broadish  black  margins;  the 
secondaries  with  a  submarginal  row  of  black  spots  from  the  uial 
angle  to  the  costa,  decreasing  in  size  as  they  approach  the  costs; 
outside  this  row  is  a  fine  white  line,  which  ia  succeeded  by  the  black 
termen  of  uniform  and  moderately  narrow  width.  The  fringM 
have  the  basal  half  black  and  the  outer  half  gi^y  wilh  a  slight 
indication  of  tessellation.  Underside  white  spotted  with  black, 
the  contrast  being  sharper  than  in  any  other  species.  The  primaries 
have  the  usual  basal  marks,  the  wedge-shaped  mark  being  genemlly 
somewhat  L-ehaped ;  a  large  spot  closes  the  cell  with  a  small  one 
between  it  and  the  costa,  beyond  which  is  another  somewhat  larger 
one  between  veins  6  and  ft,  between  veins  S  and  3  are  two  conBuent 
spots,  and  two  more  confluent  spots  further  inwards  are  below  vein  3, 
between  S  and  6  is  a  single  isolated  spot,  shifted  right  out  on  to  tbe 
poBtmedian  curved  series  of  six  inlemervular  spole,  this  being  near 
the  margin  and  very  close  to  the  subtcrminal  series  of  intemervular 
Bpole.  Secondaries  with  three  basal  spots  and  four  subbasal  spols 
below  each  other ;  the  upper  two  basal  epote  are  connected  to  each 


lj,y,l,Ajh,COOl^lc 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Explanation  op  Plate  XIV, 


Fio.     l-la.  Tarueusnara,^,  p.  273. ,» 
«n(««.,cJ,'p.27V 
baltaniea,!^,  p.  277. 
eallinam,  ^,  p.  278. 
etiricafiM,  J,  p.  279. 
alUmtug,  1^,  p.  280. 
vtediUrranrae,  (J,  p.  281. 
mtditerraneae,  $,  p.  281. 
6ensaferwM,  (J,  p.  281. 
grammica,  p.  283. 
a7,baTie,^,p.  284. 
7uadralu«,  (^,  28S. 
Iheophmsliit,  ^,  p.  286. 
anando,  ^,  p.  289. 
ttm'jfceft,  (J,  p.  294. 
dharla,  J,  p.  291. 
efalhratus,  $,  p.  293. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Trms-Ert.  Socloni  ,1917,  PI  XK 


6, 

If 

31>. 


EC  Kniyit  drt.et  chTOBO. 

THE    GENUS    TARUCUS. 


U. 

12. 
12b.. 

^       13. 

™^ 

14. 
15, 

1' 


ih,  Google 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Land.,  igij,  PlaU  XV. 


G.  T.  B.-B.,  Photo.  Andrt.  Sltigk  &■  Anglo.  Ui. 

GENITALIA  OF  THE  GENUS  TARUCU5. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lL' 


■  Explanation  of  Plate  XV. 


IS  nam,  p.  273. 
venogM,  p.  275. 
balkaniea,  p.  277. 
cattinara,  p.  278. 
txtricatua,  p.  279. 
alttratui,  p.  260. 

The  figures  of  the  genitalia  are  magnified  30  diameters. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Explanation  of  Plate  XVI. 


7.  Tamcut  medUtrrantat,  p.  281. 
bmgalengis,  p.  281. 
Bffbaria,  p.  264. 

10.  ,.        grammica,  p.  283. 

11.  „       quadralva,  p.  285. 

12.  „        Ihfopkraglus,  p.  280. 

The  figures  of  the  genitalia  are  magnified  30  diameters. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


TVawr.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  igi?,  Plate  XVI. 


^ 


<-^ 


G.  T.  B.-B.,  Pkolo.  Andrl,  SlHgk  &■  Anglo.  Lti. 

GENITALIA  OF  THE  GENUS  TARUCUS. 


u,y,i,Ajh,Coot5lc 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


TVam.  Ent.  Soc.  Loud.,  igjy,  PlaU  XVIT. 


M.W 


G.  r.  fi.-S.,  PAofo.  Andri,  SUigh  &.  Anglo.  LU. 

GENITALIA,  etc.,  OF  THE  GENUS  TARUCUS. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Explanation  of  Plate  XVII. 


Fio.  13.  Tarvciuananda,  p.  280. 
dharia,  p.  291. 
bowktri,  p.  294. 

laiteratmdii,  p.  278. 
fageialua,  p.  292. 
Itapardag,  p.  2!i:t. 

The  figures  of  the  genitalia  arc  niagnitied  30  diamelcri>. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Explanation  of  Plate  XVIIl. 


Each  Fiovre  is  named  ok  the  Plate. 

Tamcus  calUnara,  p.  278,  upper  left-hand  figure. 
„       venoiiia,  p.  275,  upper  right-hand  figure. 
„        alUralus,  p.  280,  lower  left-hand  figure. 
„        Iheopkragtvi,  p.  286,  lower  right-hand  figure. 
Tlie  figures  od  Plate  3CV11I  of  the  virgae  exeiUilae  and  teettiHvt 
are  magnified  about  66  diameteis. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Tratu,  Ent.  Soc  Lortd.,  zgij,  Plate  XVIIl. 


G.  T.  B.-B..  dtl.  Andri.  SWgk  &■  Anglo.  Lid. 

VIRGAE  EXCITATAE  AND  TECTORIUS  OF  THE  GENUS  TARUCUS 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


n,g,t,7fdh,G00glc 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


TYans.  Ent.  Sac.  Lend.,  1917,  PlaU  XIX. 


G.  T.  B.-B..  dtt.  Andri.  Sltigk  &  Angh.  Ltd. 

ANDROCONIA  (Battledore  SoUea)  OF  THE  GENUS  TARUCUS. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Explanation  of  Platb  XIX. 


Fia.  19.  Tanew  nam,  p.  273. 

80.      ,  „  lenoffMi,  p.  275. 

21.  „  baiJcaniea,  p.  277. 

22.  „  Ixdkaniea  aruhana,  p.  277. 

23.  „  ealliTuiTa,  p.  278. 

24.  „  txiriealue,  p.  279. 

25.  „  alteralus.  p.  280. 

26.  „  medilerrantat,  p.  281. 

27.  „  bengalenaia,  p.  2S1. 

The  scales  ore    magnified  500  diameters  and    the    palpi 
diameters. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


EbcPLAMATION  OF  PLATE  XX. 


FiQ.  2».  Tarueiu  tybarit,  p.  284. 
Vttophnutui,  p.  i 


30. 

a«anda,  p.  289. 

31. 

bmritri.  p.  294. 

32. 

33. 

rtropArartiijr,  p.  286. 

34. 

(AropAnwhM,  p.  286.  denuded  of  it* 
scales. 

The   scales 

re    magnified 

600   diametera    and    tl>e    palpi   30 

ameters. 

n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


TraHs.  Ent.  Soc.  Land.,  igij,  PlaU  XX. 


AvM,  SUigh  &•  Anglo.  Lti. 

AHDROCONIA  (BftttledoK  Scales)  AND  PALPI   OF  THE 
GENUS  TARUCUS. 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


,t,7.dh,Googlc 


A  Revision  of  the  genua  farucus.  285 

other  by  a  fine  line ;  a.  Uigish  spot  closes  the  cell,  beyond  which  are 
three  pain  of  spots,  two  oblique  ones  below  the  costo,  two  simiUrly 
oblique  between  veins  3  and  5,  and  two  below  each  other,  shifted 
inwards  between  veins  3  and  la ;  a  spot  shifted  out  close  to  the  post- 
median  row  between  veins  6  and  6;  the  postmedian  row  of  eight 
intemervular  spots  is  strongly  curved,  beyond  which  is  the  sub- 
terminal  row  of  seven  spots,  the  lowest  anal  oi»  being  in  the  shape 
of  a  short  dash,  that  and  the  two  above  have  inet«llic  blue  scales 
BQperimposed. 

This  is  also  a  very  distinct  species  easily  separable  from 
any  of  the  otheTs. 

Genitalia :  the  clasps  are  broad  and  wedge-shaped,  but  do  not 
taper  down  to  a  point,  the  apex  t>eing  somewhat  rounded ;  the 
tegumen  is  deeply  excavated  as  usual,  but  has  lobed  cheeks  or  sides ; 
the  falces  ate  of  moderate  length  and  strength,  and  rise  from  just 
below  the  upper  lobes.  The  aedoeagus  is  of  moderate  length  and 
width,  reduced  suddenly  at  the  middle  by  the  excision  of  the  upper 
half,  the  lower  half  tapering  laterally  to  a  fine  point.  The  tectorius 
is  developed,  but  slightly. 

The  androconia  are  of  a  long,  oblong  shape,  with  an  asymmetrical 
ovate  base,  the  distal  extremity  being  very  evenly  curved,  with  the 
sides  straight  and  long,  the  footstallc  is  given  ofi  from  near  the 
centra,  but  not  centrally ;  there  are  seventeen  rows  of  lamina,  the 
sculpturing  being  smallish  but  veiy  diattnct. 

Tarmus  quadratus,  Grant.  Plates  XIV,  fig.  11 ;  XVI,  fig.  11. 

Tarticus   quadratus,    Grant,     Bull.     Liverpool     Mua.,   ii, 
p.  10  (1899). 

The  blue  of  thia  species  is  very  similar  to  that  of  T. 
ttfitaris  with  a  prominent  black  spot  at  the  end  o£  the  cell 
in  the  primaries.  The  underside  is  similar  in  the  strong 
contrast  of  the  black  markings  on  a  very  white  ground; 
the  pattern  conaiate  of  spots,  but  by  no  means  so  isolated 
as  tney  are  in  aybaria.  The  inner  wedge-shaped  mark  at 
the  base  of  the  primaries  is  very  large;  the  postmedian 
line  in  both  wings  does  not  consist  of  isolated  spots  as  in 
sybam,  but  rather  of  lunules  intercepted  by  the  veins; 
the  subterminal  rows  of  spots  in  both  wings  are  composed 
of  isolated  spots,  but  the  subbasal  and  median  series  of 
spots  are  by  no  means  so  isolated  as  in  Hopffer's  species. 
TRAKS.  EMT.  8O0,  LOND.  1917. — PABTS  !(,  Ill,  IV  (MAY  '18)   U 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


286  Mr.  G.  T.  Bethnne-Baker  on 

The  genitalia  are  very  distinctive ;  the  clasps  are  unusuaJlf  broad 
and  are  somewhat  excised  on  the  upper  margin  near  the  base,  as  will 
be  seen  from  the  flgiue  (PL  XVI,  fig.  11),  after  which  they  rise  in 
an  even  curve,  and  at  a  third  from  the  tip  they  taper  off  into  a 
tusk-like  projection  at  the  upper  apex,  below  which  the  front  edge 
recedes  and  is  faintly  dentate  lo  the  lower  apex,  which  is  produced 
very  slightly  forwards  in  n  dentate  termination;  the  bristles  ar«  of 
moderate  length  and  are  not  numerous ;  the  tcgumen  ia  of  moderate 
dimensions,  deeply  excavated  to  the  back  ridge,  which  is  nairow; 
the  cheeks  or  sides  are  almost  lobed,  and  the  falcee  are  stout  and  of 
a  fair  length ;  the  bristles  are  very  flue  and  plentiful  on  the  lobes ; 
the  aedoeagus  is  of  the  usual  type,  shortish,  rather  narrow,  the 
reduction  taking  place  near  the  centre,  from  where  it  gradually 
tapers  off  to  the  pointed  apex.  The  tectorius  is  but  weakly 
developed. 

I  regret  I  have  been  unable  to  procure  specimens  of  this 
insect  so  as  to  figure  the  androconia,  the  ouly  specimens 
X  have  been  able  to  examine  being  those  in  the  National 
Ck>llection. 

Taruous  Iheophrastus,  Fabricius.    Plates  XIV,  figs.  12,  12a; 
XVI,  fig.  12;  XVIII  and  XX,  figs.  29,  32-31. 

Hesperia  Iheopkrastus,  Fabricius,  Ent.  Svst.,  iii,  p.  281, 
No.  82  {1793). 

If  it  has  been  difficult  to  give  a  satisfactory  diagnosis 
of  the  pattern  in  most  of  the  species  dealt  with  in  Section  I, 
it  is  even  more  difficult  to  give  one  for  the  type  species 
of  the  genus.  Even  Moore,  whose  eye  for  minute  differ- 
ences in  pattern  and  general  aspect  was  far  more  keen 
and  critical  than  any  one  I  have  known,  failed  with  this 
species. 

The  colour  of  the  upperside  may  be  violet  blue  or  lilac 
blue.  I  have  specimens  from  Souk  Arras  (Algeria)  that 
are  violet  blue  of  a  solid  texture,  and  in  one  case  it  has  a 
very  large  black  spot,  closing  the  cell  with  an  angled  dash 
beyond  it.  Examples  from  Asia  Minor,  in  my  collection 
(exact  locality  unknown)  may  be  very  similar  in  colour 
to  the  Algerian  ones,  but  more  generally  they  are  lilac 
blue  and  are  decidedly  transparent;  all,  however,  have 
a  prominent  spot  Closing  the  cell.  Bhuj  (India)  and 
Labej  (Aden)  specimens  are  similar  to  the  lilao  ones,  but 
with  a  finer  mark  closing  the  cell,  whilst  a  pair  from  Senegal 


n,g,t,7rJM,GOOglC 


A  Revision  q^  the  gernu  Tameue.  287 

are  of  a  mach  more  delicate  lilac  blue,  with  a  small  spot 
closing  the  cell;  in  all  the  black  t«nneD  is  moderately 
narrow,  not  Unear. 

The  underside  of  the  Medit«rranean  form  is  usually 
strongly  spotted,  the  spots  being  often  large  and  very 
black,  excluding,  of  course,  the  basal  streal^,  that  is  to 
say,  the  spoU  are  generally  more  or  less  distinct  in  both 
wings.  The  form  from  Asia  Minor  and  from  India  has 
the  postmedian  band  in  the  secondaries  as  a  series  of 
lunules,  or  a  more  or  less  broad  lunular  baud.  In  my 
specimens  from  Senegal  the  <?  pattern  is  very  fbe,  but  the 
$  pattern  is  heavier  and  more  Uke  the  type  form. 

The  genitalia  are  totally  distinct  in  some  particulars  from  all 
others  in  the  genns;  the  clasps  are  quite  diverse,  as  also  is  the 
aedoeagna,  whilst  the  parts  represenling,  perhaps,  the  hom-lite 
sclerites  rest  in  an  entirely  different  position.  The  clasps  are  long 
and  of  moderately  even  width,  tcnninating  in  thrtM)  tusk-like  teeth, 
one  at  the  lower  eitremity  and  two  deeply -divided  at  the  upper 
extremity;  the  bom-like  sclerites,  instead  of  lying  along  the  hollow 
of  the  cl«Bp,*rise  immediately  from  their  origins  at  the  extreme 
base  of  the  clasp,  and  occupy  a  position  just  above  its  upper  margin 
at  the  rear,  they  do  not  extend  much  beyond  the  centre;  whilst  in 
the  first  section  they  lie  almost  "  perdu  "  in  the  hollow  of  the  basal 
part  of  the  clasp  and  rise  into  prominence  well  beyond  the  centre, 
and  are  always  within  the  clasp  itself,  their  apices  only  extending 
occasionally  outside.  The  acdoeagus  is  very  long,  of  moderately  even 
and  narrow  width,  tapering  slightly  to  the  apes;  the  vesica  iscchinoid 
in  form  bat  without  the  spines,  it  is  a  very  delicate  and  beautiful 
object.  The  tegumen  is  very  deeply  divided,  with  narrow  wedge- 
shaped  cheeks  which  carry  prominent  falcea;  the  hristles  are  fine, 
of  moderate  length  and  number;  there  are,  however,  very  few  on 
the  clasps;  the  tectcirius  is  well  developed,  but  quite  diflerent  in 
shape  to  all  its  allies. 

At  first  sight  it  would  appear  that  the  Mediterranean 
specimens  with  heavily  marked  undersides  would  probably 
be  theophrastus,  but  that  is  not  really  the  case,  and  it  is 
very  far  from  being  so  with  those  that  have  a  finer  under- 
side pattern.  I  have  a  series  from  the  Caucasus  that  I 
bad  no  doubt  were  this  species — large,  heavily-marked 
spectraens;  but  the  pattern  was  very  confluent,  and  this 
impelled  me  to  examine  the  genitalia ;  these  proved  quite 
conclusively  that  the  species  was  T.  balkanica,  whilst  part. 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


288  Mr.  G.  T.  Bethime-Baker  on 

of  a  series  that  is  in  the  Tring  Museum  from  Algeria  with 
a  finer  pattern,  that  was  flying  freely  with  T.  mediterraneae, 
also  proves  (o  be  balkanica,  thus  extending  the  range  of 
this  species  in  a  very  unexpected  manner. 

In  the  Tring  Museum  is  a  large  series  of  specimens 
collected  in  Algeria,  with  a  few  from  Egypt  and  Morocco. 
They  belong  to  three  species;  tkeophrastus  is  the  most 
abundant,  mediierraneae  is  leas  so,  whibt  balkanica  is 
much  the  rarest.  There  are  in  all  some  477  examples, 
and  when  first  I  sorted  and  examined  them  I  must  confess 
to  a  sense  of  complet«  bewilderment  so  far  as  regards  the 
first  two ;  the  upperside  of  balkanica  marks  it  out  fairly 
distinctiv  from  the  others,  but  it  took  a  long  study  before 
I  was  able  to  sort  out  with  any  degree  of  certainty  tkeo- 
phraatus  and  mediierraneae,  and  in  the  end  I  found  the 
only  way  of  coming  to  any  satisfactory  conclusion  was  to 
dissect  a  good  number  of  specimens ;  this  Lord  Rothschild 
kindly  let  me  do.  I  had  considered  at  first  that  nearly 
all  the  specimens  were  my  mediierraneae;  the  genitaUa, 
however,  proved  that  the  great  majority  were  Aeophrastus. 
At  Guelt-es-Stel,  in  the  Hautes,  there  are  164  of  Fabricius's 
insect  to  nineteen  of  my  new  species ;  they  were,  however, 
flying  together  on  the  same  ground  and  at  the  same  time, 
in  June,  July  and  August,  though  it  was  in  the  last  month 
that  they  were  moat  abundant;  at  Nedroma  (Oran) 
nine  specimens  of  tkeophrastus  only  were  taken ;  at  El 
Kantara  rather  more  than  twice  as  many  tkeophrastus 
as  of  mediierraneae  occurred;  at  the  desert  post  of  £1 
Hadrada  ten  of  my  species  were  taken  and  one  balkanica, 
but  no  tkeopkrasltts,  whilst  at  Ghardaia,  far  in  the  Sahara, 
one  Iheopkrastus,  twenty- one  meditenaneae,  and  five 
balkanica  were  captured,  and  at  St.  Oued  Mya  (Sahara) 
eight  of  the  latter  and  a  pair  of  mediierraneae  were  collected ; 
the  other  localities  yielded  much  the  same  results,  except 
that  at  Biskra  eleven  mediierraneae  and  three  iheopkrastus 
were  taken,  and  at  Batna  there  were  thirteen  of  the  latter 
to  nine  of  the  former.  In  Morocco  both  species  occurred, 
from  the  Masser  Minea  only  theopkrastus  was  sent  home, 
and  from  Zoudj-et-Beghal  only  nCediterraneae;  there  were, 
however,  but  a  few  in  each  instance. 

We  see  therefore,  on  the  whole,  that  mediierraneae 
appears  to  thrive  better  than  tkeophrastus  in  the  desert 
localities  and  vice  versa.  The  distribution  of  the  species 
is  so  unusually  interesting  that  I  have  given  it  somewbafc 


ih,Cooi^lc 


A  Revm<m  <^  the  genus  Tarucus.  289 

in  detail,  though  I  have  omitted  a  number  of  localities 
from  where  very  few  or  only  one  specimen  were  sent  home. 

M.  Oberthur  writes  me  that  he  has  Iheopkrastus  in 
considerable  numbers  from  Biskra,  Bon  Saada,  Djurjura 
and  Sebdou.  From  the  second-named  locality  there  are 
two  medUerraneae  and  one  tkeophraslm  in  the  Tring 
Museum ;  no  doubt,  taking  into  consideration  my  dissec- 
tions, both  species  will  be  found  in  the  Rennes  Museum 
also. 

After  my  dissections  had  been  done,  I  sorted  the  species 
in  accordance  with  those  results,  and  they  gave  me  8 
fwrly  easy  rule  of  separation.  I  foimd  that  all  my  tfieo- 
■phrastus  dissections  came  from  specimens  in  which  the 
postmedian  lines  in  both  wings  were  separate  spota,  not 
confluent ;  in  the  hind-wing  they  were  frequently  more  or 
less  fine  lunules,  but  not  a  continuous  crenulated  line ;  whilst 
in  medUerraneae  these  lines  were  continuous,  sometimes 
fine,  but  often  very  broad  and  heavy.  This  would,  there- 
fore, seem  to  be  a  fairly  safe  character  whereby  to  separate 
the  specimens. 

I  found  that  this  was  confirmed  in  tkeophraslus  from 
India  and  other  p^rts  of  Africa,  in  all  of  which  the  post- 
median  lines  are  composed  of  separate  spots  or  lunules. 

The  androconia  are  somewhat  ovate,  but  truncated  diatally  into 
a,  broad  arc,  tbe  proximal  extremity  being  asymmetrically  ovale 
with  the  foot-Btalk  given  off  noD-cenlrally ;  there  are  twelve  rows 
of  lamina  widely  separated  with  the  sculpturing  very  defined  and 
well  apart  It  frequently  happens  that  abnormal  androconia  are 
present,  and  I  have  figured  one  of  theMe  found  on  the  same  wing 
vith  the  normal  one  of  this  Bpeciee. 


Tamous  ananda,  de  Nic^ville.     Plates  XIV,  fig.  13; 
XVII,  fig.  13,  and  XX,  fig.  30. 

CasUdius  ananda,  de  Nic4ville,  Joum.  A.8.B.,  lii,  pt.  2, 
p.  75,  pi.  i,  fi.  11  ,S,  llo  ?  (1883). 

(5.  Uppeiside  deep  luatrous  violaceous  with  a  distinct  dark  border 
of  moderate  width  in  each  of  the  wings,  quite  markless  except  that 
the  undcrude  apola  show  through  indistinctly .  Underside,  whitish 
iFitb  dark  marks  and  spots.  Primaries  with  a  broad  baaal  costal 
stripe,  and  an  irregular,  broad  (not  wedge-shaped)  dash  ascending 
to  it  from  the  inner  margin,  outdde  which  is  a,  sbo^,  very  broa^ 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


290  Mr.  G.  T.  Bethtme-Bakei  on 

da«h  from  the  costa  to  the  end  oE  tbe  cell ;  postroeiliiui  line  composed 
of  two  confluent  spots  on  the  coata,  a  spot  between  veins  6  and  6 
projected  right  out  into  the  subroarginal  row,  two  confluent  spoU 
between  veins  3  and  6  below  the  firet  two,  and  two  confluent  spot« 
between  veins  1  and  3;  theee  ore  stiift«d  inwaids,  and  tbe  lower 
spot  is  quite  snuJl,  outside  these  is  the  submarginol,  veiy  even  row 
of  six  moderate-siied  intemervular  spots,  this  being  roughl  j  parallel 
with  the  terminal  row  of  six  smaller  inteitoervniar  spots;  tennen 
finely  dark.  Secondaries  with  a  broad  basal  band  right  across  the 
wing;  four  sabbasal  large  spots  below  each  other,  tbe  upper 
three  more  or  loss  confluent,  a  spot  cloning  the  cell:  poatmedian 
series  consisting  of  three  pair  of  confluent  spot«  followed  by  one 
on  tbe  inner  margin,  tbe  second  pair  of  spots  is  shifted  outwaids ; 
submarginol  row  composed  of  seven  intemervular  spots,  the  third 
from  the  costs  being  largo  on  account  of  its  coalescence  with  tbo  apot 
projected  out  from  the  fioetniedian  series;  terminal  row  composed 
of  six  spots,  the  two  anal  ones  having  a  very  few  superimposed 
blue  scales  that  are  easily  rubbed  off;   termen  finely  dark. 

$.  Entirely  brown  in  both  wings;  a  whitish  cloud  in  the  disc^ 
area,  the  underside  discal  pattern  showing  through.  In  the  secon- 
daries there  is  a  prominent  terminal  row  of  dark  spots  edged  in- 
wardly with  pale  dashes.    Underside  like  the  male. 

Genitalia :  the  clasps  are  shovel-shaped,  broad,  with  the  whole 
of  the  upper  and  apical  margins  irregularly  and  widely  serrate,  the 
apical  margin  being  somewhat  concave;  the  bristles  are  very  fine 
and  very  few;  a  sclerite  arises  from  the  base  of  each  clasp  as  in 
thtophrattut,  but  is  longer  and  B(«uter,  extending  along  twO'tJiirds 
of  the  upper  margin ;  the  cingulum  is  ample;  the  tegumcn  is  deeply 
excised  with  long,  strong  falces;  the  bristles  are  more  numerous 
than  on  the  clasps,  but  are  very  fine;  the  aedoeagus  is  raodcmtely 
long,  stout,  and  tapering  to  a  fine  tip  near  the  apex;  it  is  provided 
with  two  long  sclerit«B,  lying  internally,  one  on  each  side,  the  vesica 
is  furnished  with  two  rather  long  haiiy  brush-like  processes — like  a 
fox's  tail — which  are  capable  of  inflation  and  thenassumean  almost 
spherical  shape;  the  tect«rius  is  small,  being  reduced  to  a  broad 
column  thrown  right  back  in  the  rear  of  the  clasps.  The  androconia 
are  proiimatly  asymmetrically  ovat«  with  the  foot-stalk  given  off 
slightly  sideways;  the  sides  are  very  slightly  curved;  the  distal 
extremity  being  slightly  and  evenly  convex;  there  are  sixteen  or 
seventeen  closely  placed  lamiita  whose  sculpturing  is  irregular  and 
rather  smalL 

This  well-known  Indian  species  is  easily  recognised  from 
all  its  neighbours  but  one,  for  here  also  I  hav«  found  two 


l„y,|,AJh,COOl^lC 


A  Revision  o/"  the  genus  Tarucus.  291 

species   mixed   together  that   have   revealed   themselves 
by  their  sexual  oi^ans. 

I  have  placed  these  species  in  the  type  section  on  account 
of  the  position  of  the  sclerites  that  replace  the  "  vii^ae 
excitatae,"  and  on  account  of  the  aedoeagus  and  reduced 
tectoiius. 

Tuaeas  dharta,  sp.  nov.    Plates  XIV,  fig.  15 ;  XVII,  fig.  14. 

(J.  Upperside  sublustroua  violaceous  with  brown  borders  to  each 
wing  of  moderate  width.  Underside  whitish  with  brown  markings. 
Nroaries  with  a  broad  costal  band  and  a  broad  erect  subbasal 
dash  (not  wedge-shaped),  both  much  shorter  than  in  T.  ananda 
and  more  separate;  a  broad  dash  aciOBS  the  end  of  the  cell  sur- 
mounted by  a  spot  shifted  somewhat  outwards;  postmedian  lino 
consisting  of  three  pair  of  confluent  spots  and  a  single  one  shifted 
well  outwards,  but  not  touching  the  submaiginal  series;  the 
second  pair  of  spota  is  shifted  slightly  outwards  and  the  third  pair 
well  inwards;  submarginal  row  composed  of  six  fair-sized  inter- 
nervular  spots  followed  by  the  terminal  row  of  six  intemervular 
daahes ;  tennen  finely  dark.  Secondaries  with  a  broad  basal 
dash,  followed  by  four  largish  spot«  below  each  other,  the  upper- 
most costal  spot  being  very  large ;  these  spots  are  almost  confluent ; 
a  leniform  mark  closes  the  cell;  postmedian  series  composed  of  a 
pair  of  confluent  subcostal  spo<«,  three  confluent  spots  shifted 
outwards  and  almost  forming  a  broad  dash,  a  pair  of  confluent 
spota  shifted  inwards  under  the  renlform  spot;  postmedian  row 
composed  of  eight  intemeural  spots  followed  by  a  trace  of  a  terminal 
row  of  dashes  represented  by  three  fine  intemeural  dashes  at  the 
apex  and  two  spots  at  the  anal  angle ;   t^rmen  flnely  dark. 

$.  Both  wings  brownish  with  whitish  discal  areas  and  moat  of 
the  undeiside  pattern  showing  through.  Frimariea  irrorated  on  the 
fold  and  the  discal  area  with  brilliant  lustrous  blue,  and  the  post- 
median  TOW  of  spots  showing  prominently  through.  Secondaries 
with  a  trace  of  the  blue  in  tlie  diecal  area,  and  a  line  series  of  whitish 
intemeural  dashes  outside  the  postmedian  row  of  spots  showing 
through.    Underaide  precisely  like  the  male. 

Expanse,  ^  25;    $  26  ram. 

Hab.  SiXKm,  Darjeeling. 

Types  in  my  collection. 

This  species  may  be  recogniaed  from  ananda  in  the 
greater  separation  of  the  underside  pattern  throughout, 
and  especially  in  the  submarginal  and  terminal  lines ;  the 
female  is  markedly  difierent. 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


292  Mr.  G.  T.  Bethune-Baker  on 

Genitalis :  tiw  clasps  ue  of  moderate  size,  broad  at  the  rear, 
but  tapering  gradually  to  the  apex  and  temuDating  in  a  rounded 
extremity;  the  ",virgae  excitatae  "  are  replaced  by  a  peculiar 
structure,  and  is  for  nearly  two-tbirds  of  tbe  basal  portion  a  portion 
of  the  lower  margin  of  tbe  clasps,  then  it  suddenly  develops  into  a 
longish  narrow  rod  wbich  extends  well  beyond  tbe  end  vi  the  clasp ; 
tbe  cingulum  u  narrow,  ■ncieasing  in  width  as  it  approacbee  the 
tegnnien,  which  is  of  moderate  sue,  deeply  excavated  with  fairly 
developed  (aloee ;  the  aedoeagns  is  peculiar  of  moderate  uze  at  the 
rear  behind  the  mi^,  but  for  the  apical  two-thirds  it  is  very  narrow 
indeed,  and  tapera  gradually  into  a  fine  point;  tbe  tectorius  is 
reduced,  thrown  right  behind  tbe  clasps,  as  in  tbe  previous  species, 
having  no  hood,  but  being  of  a  different  structure,  and  in  a  different 
position  from  tbe  furca. 

There  remain  four  other  descriptions  to  be  considered, 
Taructis  (P/efctW)  fasciattts,  Bftber,  from  Banks,  Tarucua 
Uopardvs,  Schultze,  from  the  PhiUppines,  Tarucus  dath- 
ratus,  Holland,  from  Celebes,  Tarvcus  flumalis,  G. -Smith, 
also  from  Celebes.  These  form  a  small  section  wherein 
the  spotted  pattern  is  transformed  almost  entirely  into  a 
"  banded  "  pattern,  the  spots  having  become  confluent 
so  as  to  form  broad  definite  bands  across  the  wings,  thus 
making  them  separable  at  a  glance  from  any  others  of  the 
genus. 

Tarucus  fasclatus,  Bober.     Plate  XVII,  fig.  17. 
Plebeius  fasdatus,  Bober,  Ent.  Ver.,  "  Iris,"   i,  p.   194, 
pi.  ix,  f.  15  (1887). 

Bober  describes  the  species  (freely  translated)  as 
follows : — 

"  $.  Upperside  smoky  grey  with  the  median  ares  of  all  the  wings 
whitish,  the  basal  area  being  weakly  irrorated  with  tight  blue ;  at 
the  termen  of  the  hind-wings  tbe  black  border  spots  of  tbe  under- 
side show  through;  hind-wings  with  a  white  terminal  line,  shortly 
tailed  at  vein  2  (M').  Underside  yellowish  white  with  blackish 
grey  bands,  and  terminal  rows  of  spote- 

"  Expanse,  27  mm." 

Hab.  Banka  Island  {H.  Kuhn). 

There  is  an  excellent  photograph  of  the  insect  ("  Iris," 
1887,  pi.  9,  f.  15,  p.  194),  so  sharp  and  defined  in  all 
particulars  that  there  can  be  no  difficulty  in  identifying  the 
species.    I  give  a  reproductioo  of  it  on  PI.  XVII,  fig.  17. 


ih,Cooi^lc 


A  Revmon  <^  the  genus  Tarucus.  293 

Taruens  eUthralus,  HoUand.     Plate  XIV,  fig.  16  $. 
T.  cUahratus,  HoUand,  Proc.  Boafc.  Soc.,  xxv,  p.  71,  pi.  5, 
f.  8  (1891). 

Holland  describes  his  species  thus : — 

"  Near  T.  {Plebeiug)  fasciaiaa,  Boeber  ('  Iris,'  vol.  i,  p.  194),  but 
smeller  and  differently  marked.  Tbe  uppenide  of  the  wings  is 
lilac,  with  Bmoky  grey  margins.  The  black  msrkipgs  of  the  under- 
Etide  are  distinctly  visible  from  the  upperaide.  In  faaciaiu*  the 
submarginal  black  line  is  narrow,  in  dathratnt  it  ia  broad.  In  the 
former  the  two  succeeding  black  lines  are  distinct  throughout;  in 
the  latter  they  unite,  forming  a  nido  figure  of  the  letter  V,  There 
are  many  other  minor  differences  which  readily  reveal  themselves 
upon  a  comparison  of  the  two  Bpeeles,  and  which  are  mote  enaily 
seen  than  described.     The  type,  a  male,  is  in  my  collection." 

The  habitat  is  Celebes,  and  I  quite  concur  in  Dr.  Holland's 
opinion  that  his  species  is  distinct  from  Rober's.  I  have 
no  doubt,  however,  that  Grose-Smith's  T.  fluvialis  is  the 
female  of  Holland's  clcUAnUus.  Smith  gives  a  long  and 
careful  description  of  his  species,  a  female,  which  also 
comes  from  Celebes,  saying  that  it  is  nearest  to  T.fasciatus, 
Rober,  but  that  the  arrangement  of  the  bands  on  the 
underside  is  quite  different,  and  then  he  goes  on  to  say 
that  "  it  may  not  improbably  be  the  female  of  T.  dathratus, 
HoUand,  but  that  his  figure  is  so  diminished  that  it  is 
impossible  to  decide  with  certainty  whether  this  is  the  case." 
I  have  enlarged  Holland's  figure,  and  find  that  the  pattern 
is  precisely  the  same  below,  only  in  the  original,  being  a 
male,  the  bands  ate  narrower  than  in  the  Tring  tvpe. 
The  underside  shows  through  in  just  the  same  manner, 
and  I  do  not  think  there  can  be  any  doubt  as  to  tbe  identity 
of  the  two  insects. 

Tarucus  leopardus,  Schultze.     Plate  XVII,  fig.  18. 

T.  kopardus,  Schultze,  Philippine  J.  Sci.  D.,  5,  p.  161, 
pi.  l,f.  9(1910). 
The  species  was  described  in  the  Phihppino  Journal  of 
Science.    The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  description  : — 

"  i^.  Uppereide  of  wings  irideBcent,  purplish  blue  with  a  narrow 
dull  black  line  along  outer  margin;  cilia  white.  Tail  black,  tipped 
with  white.  Hind-wing  with  two  indistinct  submarginal  spots  at 
posterior  angle.    Underside  of  wings  whit«  with  a  faint  ochraceous 


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294  Mr.  G.  T.  Bethune-Baker  on 

tinge  fUid  nmaerons  dark  brown  markiDgB  aa  foUown :  a  narrow 
subcostal  band  from  base  to.  middle  of  fore-wing,  thence  obliquely 
toward  posterior  outer  angle ;  basal  area  with  three  triangular 
patches,  the  medial  one  being  most  prominent;  outer  area  with 
three  oblique  bars  from  the  costa;  the  second,  which  ia  the  longeet, 
reaching  vein  IV;  a  prominent,  nearly  round,  poetmedial  spot 
between  veins  III  and  IV ;  a  submarginal  band  and  a  marginal  row  of 
six  very  small  spots,  each  between  two  veins,  and  a  veiy  fine  mar^nol 
line.  Cilia  white.  Hind-wing  with  a  baeal  bar,  six  antemedial 
transverse  streaks,  two  medial  transverse  etreake,  two  postmedial 
streaks,  and  a~  postmedial  band  from  inner  margin  to  vein  VI ;  a 
prominent  submarginal  band,  six  submarginal  spots  and  a  fine 
ant«ciliary  line.  The  submarginal  area  between  veins  I  and  111  ia 
dark  ochraceous,  and  the  two  black  spots  upon  it  ace  surrounded 
by  a  highly  metallic,  green  line. 

"  $.  Upperside  of  wings  grayish  brown  with  a  bluish  iridescence 
on  basal  half.  Discal  area  whitish.  All  markings  on  underside 
similar  to  those  above,  although  less  diffused.  Hind-wing  with  the 
submarginal  row  of  spat^  large  and  distinct.  Underside  similar 
to  that  in  ij;    all  markings  somewhat  larger. 

"Length  of  wing,  S  i'  miUimetera;    $  13'5  miUimct^rs. 

"  Luzon,  Province  of  Camarinea,  Paracale,  P.I,  (J.  P. 
Iddings  collector).  Type  (J,  $  and  co-type  No,  12743  in 
Entomological  Collection,  Bureau  of  Science,  Manila,  P.I." 

From  the  figure  referred  to,  which  I  reproduce  on  PI. 
XVII,  fig,  18,  I  believe  that  this  species  is  allied  to 
dalhratus,  Holland. 

This  brings  us  to  the  last  two  species  of  the  group, 
that  I  should  perhaps  have  hesitated  to  include  in  the  genus. 
The  pattern  is  different,  but  the  androconia  have  quite 
the  same  shapes  and  facies,  and  the  genitalia  have  the 
remarkable  form  of  the  "  tectoriua  "  strongly  developed, 
but  modified ;  they  are,  therefore,  better  placed  here  than 
elsewhere,  at  least,  for  the  time  being.  Trimen  himself 
indicated  an  alliance  between  them  and  sybaris. 

Tarueus  bowkerl,  Trimen.     Plates  XIV,  fig.  14 ; 
XVII,  fig.  15;  XX,  fig.  31. 

Lycaena  bowJceri,  Trimen,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  1883, 
p.  351. 
{J.  Both  wings  on  the  upperside  are  lustcous  pale  violet  blue. 
PcimatieB  with  a  dark  indefinite  spot  oloaing  the  cell,  with  a  IoomI 


n,g,i,.eih,.G00glc 


A  Revision  o^  the  genus  Taructis.  295 

black  tormen  and  black  and  white  tessellated  fringe.  Secondaries 
with  an  indefinite  spot  closing  the  cell,  a  very  obUque  row  of  dark 
poetmedian  spots  and  a  complete  row  of  dark  eubmarginnl  spots, 
both  these  rows  occupying  the  position  of  the  underside  pattern, 
bat  not  being  merely  the  showing  through  of  that  pattern;  a 
terminal  series  of  dark  spots  merging  into  the  black  termen  around 
tbe  apex;  fringes  white  with  black  teesellations  at  the  ends  of  tho 
veins.  Underside  white  with  ash  brown  spots.  Primaries  with 
the  snbcoBtal  basal  stripe,  a  spot  in  the  middle  of  tho  cell  with 
two  other  spots  below  it,  representing  the  usual  wedge-shaped 
mark;  a  good-sized  spot  closing  the  cell  with  one  or  two  above  it, 
beyond  which  are  three  very  oblique  spots  from  tho  coata,  with  two 
confluent  ones  below  tho  lowest  of  the  three,  but  shifted  inwards; 
two  confluent  squarish  spote  almost  below  the  one  closing  the  cell, 
a  series  of  six  intenteurol  submarginol  marks  fallowed  by  a  terminal 
row  of  six  distinct  spots;  termen  consisting  of  finoblsckdasheemter- 
aected  with  white  intetneurolly.  Secondaries :  a  costel  basal  spot 
below  which  is  the  basal  stripe  which  is  very  irregular,  four  subbasal 
spots  below  each  other  with  another  small  spot  from  the  second 
connecting  it  with  the  spot  closing  the  cell ;  postmedian  series 
{composed  of  eight  spots)  widely  separated  between  the  second  and 
the  third  spots,  the  lower  six  forming  a  very  oblique  row  from  vein  6 
to  the  inner  margin ;  all  the  spots  hitherto  referred  to  in  the  second- 
N7  are  somewhat  darkly  encircled;  submarginal  row  of  seven 
marks  very  irregular;  terminal  row  compoi^  of  seven  distinct 
spots,  the  iiiBt  above  the  apex  very  small ;  termen  with  dark  dashes 
intersected  with  white  intemeurally. 

Genitalia :  these  organs  are  very  lai^e  indeed  when  compared 
with  those  of  the  rest  of  the  genus ;  the  clasps  an  long,  very  broad 
at  the  base,  but  taper  rapidly  to  a  narrowish  rounded  extremity; 
the  cingulum  is  of  moderate  and  even  width ;  the  tcgumen  rather 
email  and  less  excised  proportionately;  the  falces  are  highly 
developed,  being  deeply  curved  and  longish,  but  of  only  moderate 
vidth;  the  aedoeagns  is  of  moderate  size,  brood  and  slightly 
increostng  in  width  to  the  zone,  from  whence  it  gradually  tapers 
for  two-thirds  of  the  remaining  length;  the  apical  third  tapering 
very  rapidly  to  a  sharp  point;  the  tectorius  is  ample  and  well 
developed,  being  somewhat  of  tho  theophrastiis  type,  but  much 
more  ample  basally.  The  androconia  are  very  similar  to  those  in 
iMeophraatus,  but  somewhat  larger  altogether,  they  have  thirteen 
rows  of  lamina  that  are  sculptured  rather  more  finely  than  in 
Fabricius's  species. 


,t,7.dh,Googlc 


296  Mi.  Bethune-Baker  on  Revision  oj  the  genus  Tarncut. 

Tanieus  IhMpis,  L. 

Papilio  ihespis,  Lumaeus,  Mug.  Ind.  Ner.,  p.  318,  N.  136 
{1764) ;  id.  Syat.  Nat.,  p.  791,  N.  236  (1767). 

TliU  species  is  very  close  to  T.  bowkeri,  but  difiera  in 
the  following  particulars.  It  is  of  a  decidedly  brighter 
and  clearer  blue  on  the  upperside,  and  has  quit«  narrow 
almost  linear  black  borders,  the  fringes  are  longer  and 
more  definitely  tessellated ;  it  has  not  in  the  secondaries 
a  terminal  row  of  spots  as  obtains  in  bowkeri.  On  the 
underside  the  predominant  colour  is  brown,  not  whitish 
as  in  Trimen's  insect.  The  markings  are  similar,  but 
decidedly  larger  and  the  terminal  row  of  spots,  well  marked 
in  bowkeri,  is  lacking  in  theapis.  In  the  primaries  the  fold 
and  inner  marginal  area  ia  entirely  brown,  except  for  quite 
a  small  whitish  patch  at  the  tornus ;  the  tail  is  Uttle  more 
than  a  dentition  in  the  fringe. 

The  9  ia  almost  entirely  brown  above  in  both  wings 
with  no  white  areas,  as  in  bowkeri,  but  with  a  sUgbt, 
restricted,  basal  blue  suffusion,  which,  in  the  secondaries, 
extends  to  the  inner  marginal  area;  a  small  white  spot 
edges  exteriorly  the  spot  ckising  the  cell  and  has  three 
or  sometimes  two  white  spots  beyond  it. 

It  occurs  in  Cape  Colony,  where  it  is  widely  distributed 
over  the  eastern  and  western  districts,  and  has  also  been 
recorded  from  Natal. 

The  genitalia  are  of  the  eame  type  as  bowkerif  the  cl&sps  being 
large  and  long,  but  easily  differentiated.  The  tegumen  is  distinctly 
dIfFereot;  it  ia  much  smaller,  with  a  veiy  narrow  apex,  and  very 
much  smaller  and  slenderer  side  lobes,  whibt  the  falcea  ore  longer 
and  much  more  slender;  the  aedoeagua  originates  of  moderate  aiae, 
but  very  rapidly  widens  up  to  the  zone,  where  it  is  suddenly  excised 
and  tapers  more  gradually  to  a  point,  this  front  portion  being  half 
as  long  again  as  the  rear  part.  The  vesica  is  a  beautiful  object, 
its  oriRce  being  elegantly  trumpet- shaped,  and  being  very  finely 
shagrpcned  all  over;  the  virgae  excitatae  are  abecnt,  but  the 
t«ctoTius  is  developed  in  a  modified  fortn,  Bomewhat  as  in  bowteri. 


Explanation  of  Plates  XIV-XX. 

[See  Explanation  facing  the  Plates.] 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


(    297    ) 


X.  Notes  on  some  British  Guiana  H3nnenopt€ra  {exclusive 
of  the  Formicidae).  By  G.  E.  Bodkin,  B.A.,  Dip. 
Agric.  (Cantab.),  F.Z.8.,  F.E.S.,  Government  Eco- 
nomic Biologist,  Department  ot  Science  and  Agri- 
culture, Britisb  Guiana. 

(Pnblisbed  by  permission  of  the  Director  of  Science  And 
Agricultare,  British  GuianB.} 

[lUad  December  6tb,  1916.] 

Plates  XXI-XXIII  and  Sketch  Map. 

Up  to  the  present  time  very  little  has  been  known  of  the 
habits  and  life-histories  of  the  Htpnenoptera  of  Britbh 
Guiana.  Schomburgk,*  in  his  "  Fauna  and  Flora  of  British 
Guiana,"  devotes  six  pages  to  the  Hymenoplera  and  gives 
a  few  observations  with  regard  to  their  biology  as  observed 
by  himself,  but  unfortunately  many  of  the  scientific 
names  are  quite  impossible  to  trace.  Peter  Cameron  has 
published  in  "Timehri"'!'  a  comprehensive  list  of  the 
Hymenoplara  of  this  country,  with  descriptions  of  many 
new  species,  but  no  biological  notes  are  attached.  Scat- 
tered references  have  appeared  from  time  to  time  in  many 
scientific  publications,  but  the  majority  of  these  are 
descriptions  of  new  species. 

The  present  collection  in  this  laboratory'  was  commenced 
in  1911  and  has  been  formed  chiefly  by  myself  as  oppor- 
tunities have  occurred.  All  the  commoner  species  have 
now  been  collected,  and  in  many  cases  observations  made 
on  their  life-histories  and  habits.  The  accompanying  map 
indicates  in  red  dots  the  areas  where  collections  and 
observations  have  been  made.     These  necessarily  follow 

*  Schomburgk,  B.,  "Fauna  und  Flora  von  British  Guiana." 
Leipsig,  1948. 

t  Peter  Comeran,  Hymeaoptcra  of  the  Georgetown  Museum, 
"  Ttmehri."  Joumal  of  the  Royal  Agricultural  and  Commercial 
Society,  1911-12.  Pt.  I.  Parasitica,  I.  pp.  153-186  (1911).  Pt.  2. 
Parasitica,  I,  pp.  306-330  (1911).  Pt.  3.  Marabuntaa  or  Waspa, 
II.  pp.  207-231  (1912).    Pt.  4.    Fosaores,  11,  pp.  412-440  (1912). 

TRANS.  KNT.  SOC.  LOND.  1917. — PARTS  U,  UI,  IV   (MAY  '18) 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


298  Mr.  G.  E.  Bodkin's  Nolea  on 

the  chief  commuDication  routes  either  by  wat«r,  road,  or 
trail.    Vast  areas  consequently  remain  untouched. 

The  collection  at  present  contains  1,600  specimens,  of 
which  161  species  are  named.  All  these  identilicationB 
have  been  made  either  by  specialists  in  the  British 
Museum,  through  the  co-operation  of  the  Imperial  Bureau 
of  Entomology,  or  by  speciaUsts  in  the  U.S.  National 
Museum. 

The  present  work  clearly  shows  that  in  scope  it  can 
hardly  pretend  to  do  more  than  outUne  the  vast  field  which 
awaits  entomologbts  in  this  part  of  the  world. 

There  is  a  distinct  difference  between  the  Ht/menoptera 
of  the  fiat,  cultivated  and  inhabited  coast  lands  and  those 
of  the  forest-clad  area.  Many  species  of  common  occur- 
rence on  the  coast  lands  are  never  found  in  the  forests, 
and  vice  versa.  The  climate  of  these  two  areas  also  varies, 
the  interior  districts  having  a  higher  rainfall  and  a  some- 
what higher  temperature.  The  trade-winds  which  sweep 
the  coast  lands  most  of  the  year  are  not  experienced  to 
any  extent  inland.  No  opportunity  has  yet  occurred 
to  investigate  the  large  tracts  of  savannah  lands  which 
exist  at  the  back  of  the  Colony  near  the  Brazilian 
frontier. 

The  observations  on  the  habits  and  Ufe-histories  are 
mostly  my  own,  but  a  number  of  interesting  notes  by  the 
following  gentlemen  must  be  acknowledged  :  Mr.  C.  B. 
Williams,  Mr.  L.  D.  CIeaT«,  Jnr.,  Mr.  H.  W.  B.  Moore,  and 
Mr.  A.  A.  Abraham. 

I  have  endeavoured  to  give  as  full  information  as  pos- 
sible concerning  each  species.  Where  only  one  specimen 
of  a  species  has  been  collected  I  have  given  the  locality  of 
collection. 

The  Ants  have  not  been  included  in  these  notes,  as 
Mr,  W.  ('.  Crawley  has  already  published  •  an  account  of 
the  Family. 

Family  APIDAE. 
Subfamily  8PHEC0DINAB. 
Genus  TE.MNO^iOMA,  Snuth. 
T.  (leruginasitm.  Smith.    Issororo,  N.W.D. 

•  "  Ania  from  Rritiah  Guiana,"  W.  C.  Crawley,  B,A  Annals 
and  Magazioe  of  Natural  History,  Ser.  8,  vol.  xvii.  May,  1016. 


l„y,l,Ajl^,COOl^lC 


some  British  Guiana  Hymenojptera.  299 

SubfamUy  ANDBENINAE. 

Genus  Augochlora,  Smith. 

A.  graminea,  F.     1      Taken    while  feeding  on    flowers 

A.  ihalia.  Smith.    V  of   "  woiiralli  "    (fish-poison   plant), 

A.  calypso,  Sm.      )  lasororo,  N.W.D. 

SnMamily  PANUJtOlNAE. 
Genua  Meqalopta,  Smith. 
M.  sodalis,  Vachal,    Ibsoioto,  N.W.D.    This  species  ia 
frequently  attracted  to  artificial  light. 

Subfamily  XTLOCOPINAB. 
Genua  Xylocopa,  L. 
X.  fimbriata,  F.  The  commonest  wood-boring  bee  in 
British  Guiana.  The  female  is  black  and  the  male  an 
ochreoufi  yellow  with  green  eyes.  The  proportion  of 
females  is  greater  than  males — about  4  to  1.  Both  sexes 
may  frequently  be  seen  collecting  honey  from  a  number 
of  commonly  occurring  flowers,  especially  those  of  the 
large  red  Hibiscus  and  the  flowers  of  the  Pigeon  Pea. 
It  possesses  a  powerful  sting,  and  the  flight  is  accompanied 
by  a  loud  buzzing  sound.  I  have  never  observed  the 
species  in  the  interior.  Any  Ary  decaying  wood  is  utilised 
for  nesting  purposes,  such  aa  rotten  paling-posts  or  tree- 
stumpe.  The  softer  kinds  of  wood  are  preferred.  I^ogs  of 
wood  infested  by  these  bees  soon  become  literally  riddled 
with  their  borings,  and  large  quantities  of  frass  may  be 
seen  piled  up  at  the  foot  of  the  log.  If  such  a  log  is  sharply 
tapped  a  shrill  buzzing  noise  may  be  heard  caused  by  the 
contained  bees.  A  log  of  wood  5  feet  long  by  2  feet  in 
diameter  on  being  split  open  was  found  to  contain  20 
imagos  and  25-30  larvae  and  pupae.  There  were  about 
three  entrance  holes,  and  these  led  directly  into  galleries 
bored  at  right  angles  to  the  grain  of  the  wood.  In  such 
galleries  the  cells  are  formed,  usually  three  or  four  together, 
never  more.  Each  cell  is  about  an  inch  in  length  and 
about  I  inch  in  diameter.  The  cells  are  separated  from 
one  another  by  a  partition  or  "  wad  "  of  sawdust  cemented 
together  and  hardened  by  the  bee.  These  partitions  are 
\  inch  in  thickness.  The  galleries  and  cells  are  perfectly 
smooth  and  very  neatly  executed.  Each  cell  is  stocked 
with  a  small,  fairly  solid  mass  consisting  apparently  of  a 
mixture  of  honey  and   pollen.     It  is  a  dark  yellow  in 


u,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


300  Mr.  G.  E.  Bodkio's  NoUsjm 

colour  with  a  peculiar  though  not  unpleasant  odour. 
These  masses  of  foodstuff  weigh  about  25  grammes,  and 
an  equal  quantity  is  deposited  in  each  celt.  On  this  mass 
the  egg  is  finally  deposited  and  gradually  incieasea  in  size 
as  development  proceeds;  later,  the  segmentation  of  the 
future  larva  may  dimly  be  perceived  through  the  envelop- 
ing shell.  It  is  sausage-shaped,  slightly  curved,  and  almost 
transparent  in  the  earlier  stages,  I^ength  I'Tcm., diameter 
0"4  cm.  During  development  one  end  becomes  somewhat 
larger  than  the  other.  Eventually  the  extremely  thin 
pelhcule  strips  off  and  the  wrinkled  larva  is  exposed, 
which  starts  feeding  immediately.  The  larval  excrement 
is  hard,  and  formed  in  short  rods  black  in  colour.  The 
full-grown  larva  measures  39  cm.  in  length,  and  is  creamy 
white  in  colour.  The  larval  stage  lasts  about  three  weeks, 
(iiradually  the  outlines  of  the  pupa  may  be  seen  through 
the  larval  skin,  which  eventually  peels  off.  The  period 
between  the  full-fed  larva  and  the  final  stripping  of  the 
larval  skin  is  48  hours.  The  pupa  is  at  first  creamy  white, 
and  in  form  roughly  resembles  the  future  adult  insect. 
Length  of  pupa  2*5  cm.,  breadth  Vi  cm.  Within  the  firat 
week  of  pupation  a  general  darkening  of  colour  takes 
place,  the  eyes  going  almost  black ;  hardening  of  the 
mtegument  occurs  simultaneously.  These  two  processes 
progress  rapidly  till  the  perfect  insect  is  formed  in  about 
3  weeks.  It  then  makes  its  exit  from  the  cell  by  gnawing 
away  the  wad  of  hardened  sawdust. 

X.  barbala,  F.  A  fairly  common  species  on  the  coast 
lands. 

X.  brasHwnorum,  F.  A  not  uncommon  species  within 
the  forest  area.  Rockstone,  Essequebo  River,  and  H.M. 
Penal  Settlement,  Mazaruni  River. 

X.  aurulenta,  F.  An  micommon  species  within  the  forest 
area.    Rockstone,  Essequebo  River, 

SuMaraUy  PR080PID1NAE. 

Genus  Caupoucana,  Spinola. 

C.   eximia.    Smith,     Essequebo    River,    in    vicinity   of 


SubfamUy  ANTHOPHOSINAE. 
Genus  Eucera,  Scopoli, 
E.fesliva,  Sm.     Vicinity  of  Georgetown. 


u,y,l,7rJM,G00glc 


s&me  Britiah  Guiana  Hymenoptera.  301 

Genus  Exomalofsis,  Spioola. 
E.  globosa,  F.     Botauic  Gaidens,  Georgetown. 

Genus  Epicharir,  Klug. 
E.  rttslica,  Oliv.     Rockstone,  Eseequebo  River. 

Genus  Mbutoma,  Latr. 
M.  englossoides,  Lep.  From  cultivated  Cotton  blosBoms, 
Georectown.  This  bee  has  a  curious  habit  of  clinging  to 
the  edges  of  blades  of  Para  grass,  with  its  mandibles  finnly 
embedded  in  the  tissues.  The  reason  for  this  is  not 
apparent.  They  remain  quite  motionlesa  in  this  position, 
and  at  times  may  be  seen  in  considerable  numbers.  Fairly 
common  about  coast  lands. 

Genus  Centris,  F. 

C.  longimana,  Lep.  A  common  species  both  on  the 
coast  lands  and  in  the  interior.  It  is  attracted  to  strong- 
smelling  substances  such  as  salt  fish,  and  will  folluw  boats 
with  this  substance  on  board  for  long  distances  up  the 
rivers.  Frequently  seen  about  buoys  moored  in  the  centre 
of  the  tidal  passages  in  the  big  rivers  and  elsewhere.  It 
is  apparently  attracted  there  by  the  excreta  dropped  by 
sea-birds  on  these  objects.     It  has  a  swift,  noisy  flight. 

C.  tanipes,  F.  Fairly  common  on  the  coast  lands  and  in 
the  iatenor.  Has  been  taken  at  flowers  and  also  in  the 
act  of  collecting  soft  mud  from  a  pathway. 

C.  tersicdor,  F.  Taken  on  one  occasion  while  atlracted 
to  artificial  light.    Appears  to  occur  only  in  the  interior. 

C.  personata,  Sm.  It  has  similar  habits  to  V.  longimatKi, 
I«p.  Taken  under  similar  conditions  in  the  North-west 
District. 

C.  Utbrosa,  Friese.  An  uncommon  species.  H.M.  Penal 
Settlement,  Mazaruni  River. 

Genus  Tbygater,  Hohnb. 
T.  rubrifola,  Sra.     Rockstone,  Essequebo  River, 

Genus  Euglossa,  Latr. 

E.   dimidiaia,    F.    A   fairly   common   species   in   most 

parts  of  the  Colony.     Observed  on  several  occasions  to 

collect  mud  from  a  pathway,     A  somewhat  clumsy  insect, 

TRAHS.  ENT.  SOC.  LOND,  1918. — PARTS  U,  ni,  IV.  (MAY '18)    X 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


302  Mr.  G.  E.  Bodkm'a  Notes  on 

easy  to  capture,  but  when  alarmed  assumes  a  rapid  flight. 
Frequently  observed  Aying  about  and  alighting  upon  the 
bark  of  certain  trees,  though  on  closely  inspecting  the  bark 
no  feature  which  might  attract  the  bee  conld  be  observed. 

E.  cor  data,  F.  The  commonest  Euglossa  in  British 
Guiana.  Observed  in  all  areas  visited.  It  will  construct 
its  somewhat  sticky  nest  in  all  sorts  of  curious  places, 
such  as  the  inside  of  a  disused  reel  of  cotton,  interior  of 
empty  cartridge  case,  eye-piece  of  polariscope,  keyholes, 
small  cavities  in  timber,  etc.  It  also  takes  over  the 
disused  celb  of  Scdipkron  fislulare,  Dahlb.  In  the  forest 
areas  I  have  observed  thb  bee  to  construct  its  nest  on  the 
under  surface  of  a  leaf.  The  nest  varies  in  the  number 
of  its  cells,  some  only  containing  two  or  three,  others  as 
many  as  six.  The  cells  are  roughly  about  1  cm.  in  length 
and  about  5  mm.  in  breadth,  with  the  ends  neatly  rounded. 
Each  cell  is  stored  with  a  viscid  mixture  of  honey  and 
pollen,  on  which  the  larva  feeds.  The  waifs  of  the  cells 
are  thin  and  soft,  being  constructed  of  some  dark  vegetable 
substance.  The  whole  exterior  is  sticky.  This  insect  has 
an  extremely  rapid,  darting  flight,  and  is  particularly  fond 
of  the  white,  sweet -smelling  flowers  of  a  certain  species  of 
prickly  wild  Solanaceous  plant.  While  the  bee  is  within 
the  white  blossoms  it  emits  an  exceedingly  shrill  buzzing 
sound,  which  is  often  difficult  to  locate. 

E.  surinamensis,  L.  Another  very  common  species  of 
Euglossa  throughout  British  Guiaua.  It  is  greatly  attracted 
to  the  flowers  of  the  same  Solanaceous  plant  as  attracts 
E.  cordala,  L.  Its  loud  buzzing  and  somewhat  slow  flight 
makes  its  presence  conspicuous.  The  nest  is  constructed 
sometimes  in  artificial  holes  in  timber,  in  cavities  in  the 
trunks  of  trees,  and  at  times  on  the  t^p  of  roof-beams. 
The  substance  of  the  nest  is  thin  flakes  of  bark,  or  some- 
times flakes  of  white  plaster  from  houses,  exceedingly 
strongly  cemented  together.  Several  cells  are  usually 
formed  united  in  an  irregular  mass.  Each  cell  is  stored 
up  with  a  quantity  of  honey  and  pollen  of  moderately 
hard  consistency.  The  cells  are  about  15  cm.  in  length, 
with  a  diameter  of  about  1  cm.,  ovoid  in  shape,  with  a 
perfectly  smooth  lining. 

E.  nigrita,  Lep,  Not  a  particulariy  common  species. 
So  far  only  observed  on  the  coast  lands.  On  one  occasion 
the  bees  were  observed  to  be  nesting  within  a  hollow  beam 
in  the  large  dining-hall  of  one  of  the  largest  hotels  ia 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lc 


some  British  Guiatui  Hymenoptera.  303 

Georgetown.  The  bees  passed  to  and  fro,  apparently  quite 
Tega^ess  of  the  proximity  of  human  beings. 

E.  pUiventris,  Gu^r.  An  micommon  species  from  Upper 
f^ssequebo  River.  Attracted  to  flowers  of  the  wild  Sola- 
naceous  plant  previously  mentioned, 

£.  analis,  Lep.  An  uncommon  species.  A  large  nest 
consisting  of  many  ovoid  cells  was  once  taken  from  the 
soil  on  the  East  Coast  of  Demerani.  The  cells  were  hard, 
dark  in  colour,  and  joined  together.  Only  one  bee  hatched 
from  this  nest. 

E.  caycnnensia,  Lep.  {= fandata,  Jjep.).  A  fairly  common 
and  widely  distribute  species  throughout  the  Colony. 
Nesting  habits  not  observed. 

E.  decorata,  Sm.  An  uncommon  species  from  the  interior. 
Essequebo  River. 

Genus  Exaerete,  Hoffm. 
E.  smaragdina,  Gu4r.  A  conunon  species  in  some  parts 
of  the  interior,  especially  the  N.W.D.  All  of  my  specimens 
were  collected  while  flying  about  piles  of  cordwood  from 
which  a  strong-smelling  sap  was  exuding,  and  on  which 
the  bees  were  feeding.  Occasionally  seen  on  the  coast 
lands  and  in  the  Botanic  Gardens,  Geoi^etown.  Nesting 
habits  unobserved. 

Subfamily  MEQACBILINAB. 
Genus  Meuachile,  Latr. 

M.  Idbiiarsis,  Smith.  An  uncommon  species  with  a  wide 
distribution, 

M,  Uinata,  F.  This  insect  has  only  once  been  collected, 
and  that  beneath  the  Government  laboratory,  George- 
town, The  mud  cells  were  situated  within  a  disused 
J-inch  iron  pipe.  The  nest  was  cylindrical  in  shape  and 
contained  about  four  cells.  The  nest  was  very  firmly 
cemented  together,  making  the  whole  structure  exceed- 
ingly strong  and  hard  to  break.  This  bee  is  well  known 
in  India.* 

SubfamUy  COBLIOXTNAS. 

Genus  Coelioxys,  Latreille. 

C.  siviiUima,  Smith.    Apparently  a  widely  distributed 

though  not  common  species.    Nest  observed  in  cyhndrical 

borings  in  a  wooden  post. 

*  Lefroy,  H.  Maxwell,  "  Indian  Insect  Life,"  p.  219. 


ih,Cooi^lc 


304  Mi.  G.  E.  Bodkin's  NoUs  on 

SnblwoUy  BOMBINAE. 
Genus  Bombus,  Latr. 

B.  cay^nensis,  F.  A  common  species  found  only  in  the 
interior. 

Genus  Melipona,  111. 

M.  inlerrupa,  Latr,  This  species  ia  widely  distributed 
and  common.  The  specimens  in  the  collection  were  all 
t&ken  while  they  were  collecting  soft  mud  from  paths. 

M:  pallida,  Latr.  A  fairly  common  species  in  the 
interior,  A  small  neat  on  one  occasion  observed  in  a 
rotten  log  of  timber  with  a  small  circular  hole  formed  of 
wax  for  exit.  When  the  nest  is  disturbed  they  swarm 
out  and  attack  by  biting  the  exposed  parts  of  the  head 
and  neck,  emitting  at  the  same  time  a  shrill  buzeing 
sound.  These  small  bees  possess  a  peculiar  odour  which 
ia  characteristic. 

M.  favosa,  F.  A  common  species  on  the  coaat  lands, 
where  it  is  known  as  the  Courida  Bee,  from  a  supposed 
habit  of  collecting  honey  from  the  flowers  of  the  maritime 
Courida  {Awennia  nitida).  The  nests  are  found  in  hollow 
trees,  etc.,  especially  in  old  Courida  trees,  but  they  have 
been  found  in  disused  drain-pipes  and  other  unlikely 
places.  This  bee  possesses  no  sting,  and  I  have  never 
observed  it  to  attack  in  any  way;  when  the  nest  is  dis- 
turbed the  bees  swarm  out,  but  do  not  demonstrate  their 
resentment  in  any  more  practical  manner.  This  bee  is 
frequently  domesticated,  and  when  the  nests  are  found  in 
the  field  they  are  removed,  taken  home,  and  put  in  wooden 
boxes  with  a  small  exit  hole.  They  thrive  in  captivity. 
The  honey  which  they  produce  is  thin  and  of  a  somewhat 
insipid  flavour;  mixed  with  other  ingredients  it  is  utilised 
by  the  natives  as  a  cure  for  cold  in  the  throat  or  cheat. 
The  honey  is  stored  in  egg-shaped  cells  constructed  of  wax, 
about  lJ-2  inches  in  length;  similar  cells  are  also  con- 
structe<i  containing  nothing  but  wax.  The  cells  contain- 
ing the  larvae  are  8  mm.  in  length  and  about  5  mm.  in 
breadth. 

M.  dacipes.  F.  A  common  species  in  most  parts  of 
the  Colony,  The  nests  are  usually  constructed  in  hollow 
decaying  logs.  The  following  notes  on  the  nesting  habits 
of  this  species  were  made  from  a  nest  which  was  found  in 
a  hollow  log  of  Tr>-sil  wood  (Penladetkra  filamattoaa). 
The  extreme  length  of  the  hollowed-out  portion  containing 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


some  British  Guiana  Bymenoplera.  305 

the  nest  was  32  inchea.  Three  distinct  layers  of  various 
kinds  of  cells  were  observed  on  splitting  open  the  log 
longitudinally.  The  layer  next  to  the  entrance  consisted 
of  wax  cells  about  \  inch  in  length  and  J  inch  in  diameter; 
ovate  in  shape.  The  length  of  this  layer  was  8  inches. 
These  wax  cells  were  yellowish  in  colour  and  contained 
solid  wax.  To  the  taste  the  wax  had  an  exceedingly  bitter 
Savour,  and  a  sour  smell  which  seemed  to  pervade  the 
whole  neat.  The  layer  next  to  the  wax  cells  contained 
honey  cells;  tbis  layer  was  9  inchea  in  length.  The  cells 
themselves  were  slightly  smaller  than  the  wax  cells,  same 
shape  and  dark  brown  in  colour.  The  contained  honey 
was  thick,  very  sweet  and  possessed  quite  a  good  flavour, 
but  if  the  slightest  trace  of  the  wax  coating  of  the  cell 
got  mixed  with  the  honey  the  bitterness  of  the  wax  entirely 
obliterated  the  pleasant  flavour  of  the  honey.  The  next 
layer  consisted  of  the  cells  with  embryonic  bees  in  various 
stages  of  development;  it  was  9  inches  in  length.  These 
cells  were  about  \  inch  in  length  and  dull  yellow  in  colour. 
In  shape  they  were  cylindrical.  Apparently  the  nest  was 
entirely  enclosed,  with  the  exception  of  the  eat.  This 
exit  was  by  no  means  a  conspicuous  object,  as  it  was 
constructed  of  wax  much  the  same  colour  and  texture  as 
the  surrounding  bark.  It  was  slightly  raised  above  the 
surface  of  the  bark,  and  roughly  cone-shaped  with  a  very 
small  exit  hole.  Attention  was  drawn  to  the  presence  of 
this  nest  by  the  bees  hovering  around  the  exit.  Thb 
species  is  by  no  means  so  pugnacious  as  some  of  the  other 
species  of  Melipona. 

M.  recurva,  Sm.  An  imcommon  species  from  the  N.W. 
District. 

M.  lin&ila,  1/ep.    Bartica,  Essequebo  River. 

M.  jiavij>enni3,  Sm.  Taken  on  one  occasion  while 
attending  flowers  of  Guava. 

M.  varia,  Jjcp.  A  nest  of  this  species  observed  in  a 
large  greenheart  beam  supporting  the  hotel  at  Rockstone, 
Essequebo  River.  A  non-pugnacious  species.  The  entrance 
to  the  nest  is  funnel  shaped  and  constructed  of  wax, 

M.  guianae,  Ckll.  A  most  pugnacious  species.  If  the 
nest  is  only  slightly  disturbed  the  bees  swarm  out  and 
attack  the  intruder  by  biting  the  exposed  parts  of  the 
head  and  neck,  at  the  same  time  emitting  a  shrill  buzzing. 
The  nests  (which  are  large)  are  usually  constructed  in  the 
branches  of  trees  at  some  distance  from  the  ground.    The 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


306  Mr.  G.  E.  Bodkin's  Nc^es  m 

bees  posBCBs  a  peculiar  smell,  due  to  the  character  of  the 
substance  which  they  collect  on  their  hind-legs.  A  lai^e 
nest  observed  on  one  occasion  on  the  branches  of  a  Pimento 
tree  {Pimenta  ^cinalis). 

M.  rufiventris,  Lep.,  var.  Jlavolineala,  Friese.  Tumatu- 
mari,  Essequebo  River. 

Mdipcma  amaUhea,  F.  A  common  and  widely  distributed 
species.  May  be  observed  on  the  blossoms  of  most  garden 
plants,  and  is  particularly  fond  of  feeding  on  overripe 
fruit.  It  may  also  frequently  be  seen  collectint;  mud 
from  damp  paths,  creeks,  etc.  Known  locally  as  "  Tarbaby 
bees."  It  has  a  habit  of  collecting  the  scrap-rubber  from 
recently  tapped  trees  of  Hevea  brasili^isis. 

M.  mfivenlris,  Lep,     Rockstone,  Essequebo  River. 

M.  daliatorreana,  Friese.    East  Coast,  Demerara. 

M.  mulata,  Lep.    Upper  Demerara  River. 

Genus  Api.s,  Ijinn. 
A.  mfHifera,  L.  Only  a  small  number  of  hives  of  the 
domestic  bee  are  kept  in  the  Colony,  and  these  are  prin- 
cipally owned  by  the  Chinese  and  Portuguese.  The  honey 
produced  is  of  good  quality  and  very  sweet.  Fresh  stock 
IS  usually  imported  from  the  United  States.  They  are 
mostly  "  Italian  bees."  The  Wax  Moth  (GaUeria  mdlonetta, 
L.)  is  common  and  causes  much  damage. 

Family  VESPIDAE. 

Subfamily  VESPINAE. 

Genus  Polistes,  Latr. 

P.   pacificus,    F.     Essequebo    Coast,    An    uncommon 


species. 

P.  analis,  F.    A  fairly  common  species  in  the  interior. 

P.  versicdoT,   OUv,    A  common   species  on  the  coast 
lands. 

P.  goddii,  Ducke.    A  rare  species  in  the  interior. 

P.  canadensis,  Tj.,  var,  amazonicvs,  Schulz.     The  com- 


monest species  of  Pdistes  in  the  Colony,  occurring  every- 
where. Unless  severely  molested  it  rarely  attacks  people, 
but  its  sting  is  both  powerful  and  painful,  and  causes  a 
severe  swelling.  lian^e  nesta  are  rarely  seen,  the  usual 
number  of  cells  being  about  twenty.  Beneath  bridges, 
homes,  on  the  rafters,  under  the  eaves,  beneath  the  plat- 
form of  railway  stations,  behind  pictures,  etc.,  are  favourite 


ih,Cooi^lc 


sfime  British  Guiana  Htfmenqplera.  307 

nesting-places  for  this  species.  It  appears  to  prefer 
domestic  habitations  for  its  nesting- places.  The  short 
wooden  bridges  which  spaa  the  navigation  trenches  on 
sugar  estates  are  always  thickly  infested  beneath  with  the 
nests  of  these  insects,  and  passing  beneath  such  bridges 
in  a  small  boat  is  always  an  exciting  and  quite  occasionally 
ft  painful  experience.  In  dwelling-houses  they  are  always 
a  source  of  danger,  especially  when  children  are  about. 
The  local  name  is  "  marabunta."  Destroying  marabunta 
nests  with  a  wad  of  dried  palm  leaves  attached  to  a  long 
pole  soaked  in  kerosene  and  ignited  is  an  interesting 
operation  for  an  onlooker  at  a  respectful  distance.  At 
times  these  wasps  will  remain  quite  motionless  in  an  alert 
position  OD  their  nests  for  hours  together,  as  though  on 
guard.  From  the  economic  standpoint  they  are  exceed- 
ingly useful,  for  they  may  often  be  seen  hunting  for  and 
consuming  the  larvae  of  various  agricultural  peats,  espe- 
cially the  Rice  Worm  (Lapkt/gma  frugiperda,  S.  &  A.). 
The  nests  are  irregular  in  structure  and  not  strongly  made, 
for  pieces  are  frequently  falling  from  the  nest.  The  flight 
of  this  insect  is  somewhat  clumsy. 

P.  crinitus,  Feltou.  An  uncommon  species  on  the  coast 
lands. 

Genus  Polybia,  Lep. 

P.  fulvofasciala,  de  G,  (=  phlhiska.  V.).  A  common 
species  on  the  coast  lands ;  the  nests  are  frequently  found 
attached  to  the  under  surfaces  of  leaves,  especially  those 
of  the  mango  tree.     Large  nests  are  seldom  encountered. 

P.  occidentalis,  Oliv.  An  exceedingly  common  species 
throughout  the  coast  lands,  and  at  times  encountered  in 
the  interior.  The  nests  are  found  attached  to  the  under 
surfaces  of  many  species  of  palms.  The  nests  are  never 
lai^e,  more  or  less  circular  in  shajw,  and  constructed  of 
exceedingly  light  and  fragile  material.  This  small  wasp 
is  not  unduly  pugnacious,  and  seldom  attacks  unless  the 
nest  is  damaged;  it  is  thus  frequently  encountered  when 
felling  the  branches  of  young  coconut  palms.  The  sting 
has  no  great  lasting  effects,  but  the  first  shock  is  exceed- 
ingly painful.  On  one  occasion  a  gardener  who  was 
trimming  a  hedge  of  Barbados  Cherry  (Malphigia  glabra) 
brought  into  the  laboratory  a  good-sized  nest  of  this 
species  which  he  had  very  carefully  removed  with  some 
of  the  wasps  in  sUn  on  the  outside  of  the  nest.    The  local 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


308  Mr.  G.  E.  Bodkm'a  NoUs  on 

name  is  "  honey  marabunta,"  A  native  method  of 
destroying  such  nests  is  to  seize  the  nest  quickly  and 
firmly  with  both  hands  and  then  crush  it.  An  individual 
possessed  of  large  and  tbick-akinned  hands  is  likely  to  be 
the  most  successful. 

P.faslidiomscula,  Sauss.,  var.  sampaioi,  Bucke.  Appears 
to  take  the  place  of  the  foregoing  in  the  interior,  where  it 
is  common.  It  has  never  been  taken  on  the  coast  lands. 
The  nest  is  often  met  with  attached  to  the  under  surfaces 
of  palm  leaves. 

P.  fasei/Ua,  Lep.  A  species  by  no  means  of  infrequent 
occurrence  both  on  the  coast  lands  and  interior.  A  email 
nest  was  taken  on  one  occasion  attached  to  the  floor-boards 
beneath  a  house ;  the  structure  is  somewhat  peculiar 
(see  photo).  Length  about  2^  inches;  length  of  single 
cell  I  inch. 

P.  fxtscicomis,  I^ep.    A  rare  species  from  the  interior. 

P.  chrysoOiorax,  Web.  A  fairly  common  species  only 
encountered  on  the  coast  lands.  Large  pendant  nests  nearly 
a  foot  in  length  and  roughly  cylindrical  are  constructed ; 
the  one  actually  observed  was  attached  to  a  bush  only  a 
short  distance  from  the  ground.  This  nest  was  imfor- 
tunatejy  destroyed  in  an  attempt  to  secure  it. 

P.  diniidiata,  Oliv.     Rockstone,  Essequebo  River. 

P.  conslTuclrix,  Sauss.     Tumatumari,  Essequebo  Eiver. 

P.jurinei,  Sauss.     Isaororo,  N.W.D. 

P.  seric&i,  Oliv.    Tuniatimiari,  Essequebo  River. 

P.  sycophanta,  Gribodo,  An  uncoDUUon  species  with  a 
wide  distribution. 

P.  vdulina,  Ducke.     Issororo,  N.W.D. 

P.  TfQecta,  F.  A  species  with  a  wide  distribution,  but 
uncommon. 

P.  obidensis,  Ducke.     Puruni  River. 

Genus  Protopolybia,  Ducke. 
P.  labariosa,  Sauss,     Rockstone,  Essequebo  River. 

Genus  Mbtapolybia,  Ducke. 
M.  pediculata,  Sauss.  A  fairly  common  species  which 
builds  its  nests  on  beams  beneath  bouses.  The  nest, 
which  is  constructed  of  papery  material,  is  usually  about 
5  inches  in  diameter  and  about  1  inch  in  thickness  und 
of  a  flattened  irregular  appearance.     It  is  by  no  means  a 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lL' 


softie  British  Guiana  HymaiojAera.  309 

conspicuoiis  object,  and  is  often  of  much  the  same  colour 
AS  the  beam  to  which  it  is  attached.  This  insect  shows 
no  hostile  tendencies,  and  the  taking  of  the  entire  nest  is 
quite  a  safe  undertaking.  It  has  only  been  observed  in 
the  interior. 

Genus  Charterou-s,  I^peletier. 
C.  chartarius,  Oliv.  A  fairly  common  species  in  tbe 
interior.  The  nest  of  this  species  is  a  well-known  object 
and  has  been  previously  described  by  a  number  of  authois. 
They  are  prized  by  many  colonists  as  "  curios,"  and  fetch 
a  very  fair  price  in  Geoi^etown.  These  nests  may  some- 
times be  seen  attached  to  the  branches  of  trees  overhang- 
ing the  river.  The  taking  of  the  neats  is  by  no  means  an 
easy  matter,  as  the  insects  resent  any  interference  with 
their  home.  Nests,  however,  which  overhang  the  river 
may  be  taken  by  getting  a  native  to  ascend  quietly  the 
particular  tree  to  which  the  nest  is  attached  and  with  one 
well-directed  blow  of  a  sharp  cutlass  sever  the  branch 
bearing  the  nest  so  that  it  falls  into  the  river,  whence  it 
is  eventually  retrieved  as  soon  as  the  wasps  have  left. 
An  unsuccessful  blow,  however,  spells  disaster,  and  there 
is  a  case  on  record  where  such  an  incident  occurred,  and 
the  unfortunate  native  rather  than  suffer  jumped  into  the 
river  many  feet  below  and  thus  evaded  the  infuriated 
wasps. 

Genus  Chartercinus,  Fox. 
C  paUiAHineaius,  Cameron.     Issororo,  N.W.D. 

Genus  Nectarina,  Shuckard. 

N,  hilineolala.  Spin.,  var.  moinana,  Sauas.  A  species  so 
far  only  taken  in  the  Botanic  Gardens,  Georgetown.  The 
nest  was  found  attached  to  the  end  of  a  dried  "  arrow  " 
of  sugar-cane.  Greatest  diameter  about  IJ  inches — depth 
3  inch. 

N.  satteUuris,  F.     Issororo,  N.W.D. 

N.  lecheffuana,  Latr.     Issororo,  N.W.D. 

Genus  Synoeca,  Saussure. 

S.  suriTtama,  h.    A  common  species  on  the  coast  lands 

and  occurs  at  times  in  the  interior.    The  nests  of  this 

species,  which  are  irregular  in  shape,  may  usually  be  seen 

attached  to  trees  in  the  Botanic  Gardens,   Georgetown. 


ihyCOOt^lC 


310  Mr.  G.  E.  Bodkin's  Notes  on 

The  whole  of  one  Bide  of  the  nest  is  attached  to  the  tree, 
and  the  exi«mal  wall  exhibits  a  slight  "  ribbing."  The 
nests  are  often  a  foot  or  more  in  length.  The  sting  of  this 
.  species  is  particularly  formidable,  and  it  does  not  hesitate 
to  use  it  when  occasion  arises.  The  adult  wasps  may 
often  be  seen  feeding  on  decaying  fruit  which  has  fallen 
on  the  ground,  and  they  frequently  visit  certain  spedes 
of  flowers.  I  have  taken  specimens  of  this  insect  with 
the  "  polhnia "  of  a  species  of  Euphorbiaceous  plant 
attached  to  its  legs;  this  is  by  no  means  a  common 
occurrence. 

8.  irina.  Spin.    An  uncommon  species  in  the  interior. 

Genus  Apoica,  Lepeletier. 

A.  pallida,  Oliv.  A  common  species  on  the  coast  lands. 
The  nest,  which  is  invariably  attached  to  a  tree  and  never 
far  from  the  ground,  ia  disc-shaped.  The  under  surface 
consists  of  innumerable  cells,  the  ends  of  which  are  exposed. 
The  under  surface  is  invariably  crowded  with  adult  wasps, 
which  attach  themselves  each  to  a  particular  cell  and  re- 
main motionless,  an  aspect  is  thus  presented  of  a  cluster  of 
wasps  adhering  to  the  under  surface  of  the  nest ;  in  this 
position  the  bright  yellow  tips  of  their  abdomens  are  very 
conspicuous.  They  do  not  readily  move  from  this  position, 
and  if  slightly  disturbed  will  only  make  a  slight  move- 
ment. Once  while  observing  a  large  nest  of  this  species 
I  happened  to  approach  rather  too  near,  when  one  wasp 
left  the  nest  and  stung  me  on  the  forehead  immediately 
between  the  eyes,  and  returned  at  once  to  its  original  posi- 
tion. The  effect  of  the  sting  was  as  though  a  blow  had 
been  delivered,  and  in  a  short  space  of  time  a  swelling  the 
size  of  a  fowl's  egg  made  its  appearance,  accompanied  by 
considerable  pain.  The  species  is  readily  attracted  to 
artificial  light. 

A.  pollens,  F.     Issororo,  N.W.D, 

Genus  Mischocyttahus,  Saussure. 
M.  labialtis,  F.     A  fairly  common  species  on  the  coast 
lands.     Only  small  nests  are  constructed. 

Subfamily  EUMENIDINAB. 

Genus  Montezumia,  Sauss. 

M.  leprieiiri,  Spin.  (1841)  {=  M.  rodwayi.  Cam.  (1911). 

An  uncommon  species  taken  in  the  vicinity  of  Georgetown, 

n,g,i,.eih,.G00glc 


same  British  Guiana  Hymeno^era.  311 

M.  nigriceps.  Spin.  One  of  the  commonest  species  of 
Htftnem^era  on  the  coast  lands.  Also  a  species  of  par- 
ticular economic  value,  as  it  hunts  for  and  destroys  the 
larvae  of  many  agricultural  pesta,  including  the  Rice  Worm 
(Laphygma  frvgiperda,  S.  &  A.)  and  the  Para-grass  Worm 
(Mods  repanda,  F.).  This  wasp  may  frequently  be  seen 
Bearchtng  for  its  prey  amongst  grass  and  tall  rice.  A  large 
pendant,  irregularly -shaped  nest  is  formed,  which  is  some- 
what fragile  in  its  structure.  These  nests  contain  a  large 
and  active  community. 

M.  infemalis.  Spin.  An  uncommon  species  on  the  coast 
lands.  According  to  C.  B.  WiUiams,  who  has  observed 
the  habits  of  this  wasp,  it  constructs  burrows  in  the  clay 
banks  of  the  canals  or  trenches  to  be  found  on  all  sugar 
estates.  Green  caterpillars  are  stored  up  in  the  nest,  and 
an  egg  is  deposited,  which  is  hung  from  the  roof  of  the 
burrow  by  a  long  stalk.  The  opening  of  the  burrow  ia 
small  in  comparison  with  the  size  of  the  wasp. 

M.  infundHndiformis,  F.     Issororo,  N.W.D. 

Genus  Eumekes,  Latreille. 
E.  canaliadata,  Oliv.  An  exceedingly  common  species 
to  be  met  with  mostly  on  the  coast  lands.  Its  dome- 
shaped  mud  cells,  in  small  colonies  of  live  or  six  and  some- 
times more,  are  objects  of  common  observation  attached 
to  the  rafters  beneath  houses  and  in  sheltered  spots  on 
walls  and  palings.  These  mud  cells  (see  photo)  are  usually 
about  \  inch  in  height  and  with  a  diameter  of  about  \  inch. 
Some  cells  possess  a  kind  of  "  neck  "  at  the  top  of  the 
cell,  giving  it  the  appearance  of  a  squat-shaped  earthen 
bottle.  These  cells  are  stored  with  Lepidopterous  larvae 
usually  slightly  over  an  inch  in  length  and,  of  course, 
paralysed  by  the  sting  of  the  wasp  at  the  time  of  capture. 
From  four  to  six  such  larvae  are  stored.  The  wasp  larva 
becomes  mature  in  ten  days  to  two  weeks  from  the  time 
of  emergence  from  the  egg.  The  pupal  stage  lasts  shghtly 
over  a  week.  The  adult  wasp  emerges  from  the  cell  by 
biting  a  circular  hole  in  one  side.  These  empty  cells  are 
afterwards  utilised  by  a  species  of  Trj/patylon  for  its  nest, 
and  stored  with  spiders.  A  small  species  of  black  ant 
(Cremaetogaster,  sp.)  finally  colonises  these  disused  cells. 
In  constructing  such  cells  the  adult  wasp  holds  the  piece 
of  moist  and  plastic  mud  in  position  on  the  half- constructed 
nest  by  means  of  the  two  front  pairs  of  legs,  and  the  deli- 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


812  Mr.  G.  E.  Bodkin's  Notes  on 

cate  process  of  moulding  the  mud  around  the  edge  of  the 
nest  18  performed  with  the  mandibles,  which  are  long  and 
well  suited  to  the  work.  During  the  operation  the  long 
antennae  are  bent  downwards  and  kept  rapidly  moving 
about  the  work  as  though  guiding  it  and  preserving  the 
symmetry  of  the  structure.  A  small  species  of  Chrysid 
was  bred  on  one  occasion  from  the  mud  cells  of  this 
Eumenes. 
E.  calUmorpha,  Sauss,     Vicinity  of  Georgetown. 

Genus  Pachymenes,  Sauss. 
P.  pallipes,  Oiiv.     Ondemeeming,  Essequebo. 

Genus  Zethus,  Fab. 

Z.  mexicanus,  L.,  var.  hiffubris,  Perty,  An  imcommon 
species  on  the  coast  lands. 

Z.  gigaa,  Spin.     Issororo,  N.W.D. 

Z.  sichdianus,  Sauss.  Inhabiting  disused  borings  in 
timber,  Courantyne  Coast,  Berbice. 

Genus  Odynerus,  Latr. 
0,  nasidens,  Latr.    Courantyne  Coast,  Berbice. 
O.  davilineatus,  Cameron.     An  uncommon  species  in  the 
interior. 

FOSSORES. 

Family  MUTILLIDAE 

Genus  Mutilla,  L. 

M.  (ThaumalmmUilUi)  parallela,  Khig.     A  fairly  common 

species  on  the  sandy  soils  of  the  interior. 

M.  mediata,  F.  From  Courant\-ne  Coast,  Berbice.  Taken 
while  issuing  from  some  disused  borings  in  timber. 

Genus  Thaumatomutilla,  Andr6. 
T.  ocellaTis,  Klug.    Tumatumari,  Essequebo  River. 

Family  SCOLIADAE. 

Subfamily  TIPHIINAE. 

Genus  Tiphia,  Fab. 

T.  paralkla.  Smith.    The  larva  of  this  wasp  is  parasitic 

on  the  larva  of  Dysdnelus  indeniatus,  Burm.  (Coieoptera) ; 

fairly  common  on  the  coast  lands. 


l„y,i,AJL.,COO'^lC 


8<mte  Britith  Guiana  Bymeno^era.  313 

Genus  Dielis,  Sausa. 

D.  doTsata,  P.  Of  common  occurrence  in  most  parts  of 
the  Colony. 

D.  hyalina,  Lep.  (=  D./altax,  Sauss.).  Fairly  commoo 
in  most  parts. 

D,  vari^ata,  P.    Issororo,  N.W.D, 


Genus  Eus,  F. 
E.  Jlavopicta,  Smith.    Turkeyn,  East  Coast,  Demerara. 

Family  RHOPALOSOMIDAE. 
Genus  Ruofalosoha,  Schulz. 
R.  gutanertfe,  Schulz.    At  light,  Rockstone,  Essequebo 
Biver. 

Family  PSAMMOCHARIDAE. 
Genus  Pskudaoenia,  Kohl. 
P.  cmnparala,  Sm.    Tumatumari,  Essequebo  River. 
P.  chiorosoma,  Sm.    Punmi  River. 

SnbfttmUy  PEPSIN AE. 

Genus  Cryptochilus,  Panz. 

C.  puTpuT^pes.    A  common  species  on  the  coast  lands. 

Genus  Pepsis,  Fab. 
P.  tinctipennis,  Smith.     Issororo,  N.W.D. 
P.  sappkiria,  P.  de  B.    Rockstone,  Essequebo  River. 
P.  jucunda,  Mocs.    Rockstone,  Essequebo  River. 
P.  chlorolica,  Mocs.     Ondemeeminp,  Essequebo. 
P.  nigreacens,  Smith.     Rockstone,  Essequebo  River. 
P.  dimidiata,  F.     Rockstone,  Essequebo  River. 
P.  ametkystina,  F.    A  common  species  in  moat  parts  of 
the  Colony. 

P.  aeladonica,  Dahlb.     Issororo,  N.\V.D. 

Subfanuly  PSAMMOCHABINAE. 

Genus  Pompilogaster,  Ashm. 

P.  philaddphka,  Lep.    A  common  species  on  the  coast 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


'  311  Mr.  6.  E.  Bodkin's  Notes  on 

Snbfanulr  SPBECISAE. 
GeDUS  SCELIPHEON,  Klug. 
S.  fislulare,  Dablb.  This  species  is  widely  distributed. 
Its  mud  nests  are  common  objects  on  palings,  beneath 
houses,  and  at  times  within  the  bouse  iteelf,  behind  pic- 
tures, etc.  The  nesta  are  somewhat  irregular  in  shape  and 
may  contain  as  many  as  eight  or  ten  cells.  Sometimes 
only  two  cells  are  constructed  together,  when  the  archi- 
tecture is  then  better  demonstrated.  The  usual  procedure 
is  to  build  one  cell  and  attach  it  firmly,  and  then  to  build 
other  cells  around  it.  Each  cell  is  stored  with  spiders, 
from  sixteen  to  twenty  according  to  the  size  of  the  spiders. 
As  soon  as  the  requisite  number  of  spiders  has  been  obtained 
the  cell  is  closed  up.  The  egg,  according  to  C.  B.  WiUiams, 
is  deposited  on  dorsal  surface  of  the  abdomen  of  the  first 
spider  placed  in  the  ceil.  The  following  observations  by 
Mr.  Williams  on  the  habits  of  this  wasp  are  of  interest. 
A  wasp  which  was  engaged  in  constructing  its  mud  cells 
was  observed,  and  its  movements  recorded  as  follows— 

12.5'  30"  p.m.  gone  for  mud, 
12.9'  10"  p.m.  returned, 
12.10'  15*  p.m.  gone, 
12.17'  58'  p.m.  returned, 
12.19'  20'  p.m.  gone  again, 
12.22'  20'  p.m.  returned, 
12.23'  10'  p.m.  gone. 

At  12.37'  45'  the  wa.ip  entered  its  nest  and  remained 
inside;  12.38'  50'  the  wasp  flew  away,  and  on  inspection 
the  neat  was  found  to  contain  a  spider  (Fam.  Argiojndae — 
Ga-ileracatUhinae)  with  an  egg  on  dorsal  surface  of  abdomen. 
This  spider  was  eventually  removed  by  myself.  At 
12.51'  15'  the  wasp  returned  with  another  spider,  and 
went  away  12.02'  15'.  At  4.10  p.m.  the  nest  was  almost 
completely  closed.  The  egg  of  this  species  is  sausage- 
shaped  and  slightly  curved,  dull  yellowish  white  in  colour, 
with  small  almost  transparent  areas  towards  each  end; 
length  3'4  mm.  Young  larvae  when  first  hatched  out  are 
almost  4  mm.  in  length.  They  soon  attach  themselves 
to  a  spider,  which  they  proceed  to  consume,  leaving  only 
the  legs.  Development  is  completed  in  about  two  weeks. 
The  larva  then  commences  to  spin  its  cocoon,  which 
occupies   several   days.     The   cocoon   is   dark   brown   in 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


some  British  Guiana  Hymenoptem.  315 

colour,  and  of  a  papery  consistency,  easily  broken.  Pupa- 
tion lasts  a  little  over  a  week,  and  the  adult  wasp  then  bites 
its  way  out  through  the  mud  wall  of  the  nest,  leaving  a 
neat  circular  hole.  The  small  green  metallic  bee,  Euglossa 
cordata,  L.,  often  utiUses  these  disused  cells  for  its  nest. 
A  fungus  occasionally  destroys  the  stored  spiders  and 
finally  the  young  larvae.  Ko  actual  parasite  of  the  species 
has  been  observed  up  to  the  present.  It  appears,  however, 
that  only  about  60  %  of  the  stored  celb  produce  an  adult 
wasp, 

S.  figvlus,  Dahlb.  Closely  allied  to  the  above  species, 
and  with  similar  habita  and  distribution,  though  not  so 
numerous. 

Genus  Sphex,  L. 
S.  ichneumoneus,  L.  A  common  and  widely  distributed 
species  throughout  the  Colony.  For  its  subterranean  nests 
it  usually  chooses  a  dry  piece  of  soil,  often  in  the  centre 
of  a  path  or  other  places  where  people  are  frequently 
passing.  While  constructing  the  initial  excavation  for  its 
nest  it  is  a  most  conspicuous  object,  moving  rapidly  about 
on  the  surface  of  the  soil.  The  following  observations 
made  by  Mr.  C.  B.  WilUams  are  of  interest.  "  In  this 
instance  the  insect  was  boring  into  soft  pegass  soil  on 
swampy  land  at  the  foot  of  a  hill.  High  spring  tides 
from  the  river  invariably  cover  the  land.  TTie  burrow 
was  commenced  about  1.40  p.m.,  and  at  1.45  p.m.  it  was 
about  ^  inch  deep.  At  2.19  the  wasp  entered  the  hole 
backwards,  remaining  below  a  few  minutes,  and  then 
came  out  again.  Burrowing  continued  till  4  p.m.  These 
nests  are  stored  with  four  or  five  short-winged  grass- 
hoppers, either  nymphs  or  brachypterous  species;  the 
neat    is    not   closed   up   between   the   insertion   of   each 


Sphex  (Isodonlia)  coslipatnis.  Spin.  Issororo,  N.W.D, 
S.  {Harpaclopus)  ihomae,  F.  An  uncommon  species 
which  does  not  occur  on  the  coast  lands.  Constructs 
burrows  in  soil  and  stores  them  with  a  single  grasshopper, 
which  is  placed  head  first  in  the  nest.  The  egg  is  attached 
at  the  base  of  the  grasshopper's  hind-leg  (C,  B,  Williams). 

Genus  Podium,  F, 
P.    ^tUiculalum,   Sm.    An   uncommon   though   widely 
distributed  species. 


n,g,i,.rjh,G00glc 


316  Mr.  G.  E.  Bodkhi'a  NaUs  on 

SnblamUy  PHILANTHISAB. 
Genus  Cerceris,  Latt, 
C.    [Trackyjms)   mexicanvs,   Cameron.    Aii 
species.    Taken  while  emeri^ting  from  its  burrow  in  sandy 
soil  at  the  base  of  a  tree.     Plantation  Bath,  Berbice. 

Subfanuly  BEMBICINAE. 
Genus  Bembidula,  Burm. 
B.  dtsdsa,  Tasch.    Upper  Demerara  River. 
B.  variegala,  01.     Upper  Demerara  River. 

Genus  Monedui^,  Latr. 

M.  pantherina,  Handl.  A  fairly  common  species  in  some 
parts  of  the  interior,  especially  where  sandy  soils  exist. 
It  is  quite  the  largest  and  fiercest  of  these  insects  to 
be  found  in  the  Colony.  Its  burrows  are  stored  with 
Tabanidae. 

M.  'punctata,  Lep.     An  uncommon  species  in  the  interior. 

M.  signata,  Latr,  The  commonest  and  most  widely 
distributed  Bembex  in  British  Guiana.  It  may  frequently 
be  seen  about  mules  and  cattle  in  the  pastures  waitin)^  to 
carry  off  the  Tabanidae  which  are  always  present  about 
these  animals.  Their  burrows  may  be  seen  iu  sandy  soil, 
and  usually  occur  in  colonies  of  twenty  or  thirty.  A 
large  species  of  Bombyliid  fly  may  be  seen  about  these 
burrows,  occasionally  entering  them.  Its  exact  relation- 
ship to  the  wasp  has  never  been  actually  traced,  hut  it 
is  quite  possibly  parasitic.  The  fly  belongs  to  the  genua 
Anthrax. 

Subfsauly  OOBYTINAE. 

Genus  Gorytes,  Latr. 

G.  brasiliensis,  Shuck,     Rockstone,  I^quebo  River. 

Subfamily  LASSINAE. 

Genus  Tachytes,  Panzer. 

T.  amelina,  Cameron.     Rockstone,  Essequebo  River, 

Genus  Larra,  Fab. 
L.  rubrkata.  Smith,     Rockstone,  Essequebo  River. 


u,y,i,A  J  h,  Google 


some  British  Quiana  Hym^ioptera.  317 

Subfamily  TRYPOXYLISAS. 
Genus  Trypoxylon,  Latr. 

T.  paUidUarse,  Sauss.  A  fairly  common  species  on  the 
coast  lands. 

T.fugax,  F,  This  insect  has  been  bred  from  the  disnsed 
cells  of  Eumenes  camdiculala,  01.  It  is  of  fairly  common 
occurrence. 

T.  breificarinalitm,  Cameron.  A  common  and  widely 
distributed  species  all  over  the  Colony,  It  usually  con- 
structs its  nest  of  mud  cells  beneath  a  palm  leaf.  Some- 
times as  many  as  twenty-five  cylindrical  cells  are  found 
cemented  together.  The  largest  cells  are  nearly  an  inch 
in  length  and  about  i  of  an  inch  in  diameter.  Small 
spiders  are  stored  up  by  this  species. 

T.  albilarse,  F.  Bred  from  a  large-sized  rounded  mud 
nest.     Potaro  River. 

T.  nitidum,  Sm.    Issororo,  N.W.D. 

T.  cinereum.  Cameron,  The  habits  of  this  species  have 
been  observed  by  Mr.  C.  B.  Williams.  "  An  elongate  mud 
cell  was  constructed  by  one  of  these  wasps  in  the  angle 
of  the  woodwork  of  a  door.  When  making  these  nests  a 
'  ball '  of  mud  is  collected  and  applied  to  the  side  of  the 
nest,  gradually  drawing  it  downwards  as  it  adheres,  A 
shrill  buzzing  sound  is  emitted  the  whole  time.  Thirty 
seconds  to  one  minute  are  occupied  in  applying  one  '  ball ' 
of  mud.    Spiders  are  stored." 

Family  TRIGONALIDAE 

Genus  Trioonalyh,  Westw. 

T.  melanoleuctt,  Westwood.    A  number  of  these  insects 

emerged  from  the  pupae  of  the  Noctuid  moth  Amyna  octo, 

Guen.,  which  had  been  taken  from  just  beneath  the  surface 

of  the  soil  on  a  sugar  estate. 

Family  CHRYSIDIDAE 
SubfamUy  CHBT8IDINAE. 
Genus  Chryris,  L. 
C.  pundalissinHi,  Spin.     A  common  species  on  the  coast 
lands. 
C.  distinctissima,  Dahtb.     Bartica,  Essequebo  River. 
C.  parvula,  F,     East  (Joast,  Deraerara. 
TRAN3.  ENT.  SOC.  LOND.  1917. — PARTS  11,  III,  IV.  (mAY  '18)   Y 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


318  Mr.  G.  E.  Bodkin's  Notes  on 

Family  BRACONIDAE. 

Subfamily  OHBLONISAE. 

Genus  Foknicia,  Brull^. 

F.  dathrata,  Brull6.    A  larval  parasite  of  the  Limacodid 

moth,  Sibinefusctt,  Stoll.    This  is  a  verj-  abundant  moth 

on  the  coast  lands  and  attacks  a  large  variety  of  economic 

plants.    The  parasite   emerges  before  the  lar\-a   is   half 

developed.    The  percent^e  of  parasitism  is  never  very 

high. 

Subfamily  BSACONINAE. 
Genus  Lasiophorus,  Hal. 
L.  forttspinus,  Cameron.    A  fairly  common  species  on 
the  coast  lands. 

Genus  Iphiaolax,  Forater. 
/.  meAianus,  Cameron.  This  is  the  well-known  parasite 
of  the  several  species  of  Dialraea  (Lepidoptera)  which 
bore  into  sugar-cane  in  British  Guiana.  The  species  is  a 
common  one,  it  being  an  easy  matter  to  capture  either 
sex  in  the  cane-fields.  The  life-history  of  the  species  has 
been  observed  in  the  field  by  Mr.  Harold  Moore,  and  the 
following  is  his  own  description  :  *— "  On  the  mominp  of 
the  13th,  in  a  field  at  Non  Pareil,  I  noticed  a  female  alipht 
near  the  top  of  a  cane-stump,  run  down  the  shoot,  tapping 
it  the  while  with  her  antennae,  till  she  got  to  a  Diairaea 
hole  near  the  base.  Into  the  timnel  she  began  pushing 
her  ovipositor,  when  a  slight  movement  on  my  part,  in 
an  endeavour  to  obtain  a  closer  view  of  the  proceedings, 
disturbed  her.  Off  she  flew,  but  merely  to  wheel  round 
and  ahght  again  on  the  shoot,  when  she  found  the  hole 
the  same  way,  and  began  inserting  her  ovipositor.  I  lay 
prostrate  on  the  trash  bank,  as  motionless  as  possible,  and 
watche<l.  It  was  9. "28  a.m.  Soon  after  her  ovipositor  had 
been  inserted  she  gave  a  slight  quick  backward  jerk  with 
her  abdomen,  showing  she  had  evidently  felt  something. 
Back  down  went  her  abdomen  and  again  a  similar  jerk. 
This  occurred  three  or  four  times,  after  which  she  kept 
quite  still  for  several  minutes,  her  ovipositor  being  well 
in  the  caterpillar's  tunnel.  She  withdrew  her  ovipositor 
at  9.38,  thus  occupying  about  ten  minutes  in  parasitising 
the  caterpillar,  of  the  presence  of  which  I  had  no  doubt. 
•  Pablbbed  in  the  "  Daily  Argosy,"  Demerara,  Maroh  1813. 


Ij.y.l.AjL.yCOO'^lL' 


some  Brituh  Guiana  Bymenorptera.  319 

I  cut  out  the  cane-shoot  and  took  it  home.  I  could  not 
examine  it  till  next  morning  (13th),  when  I  found  it  con- 
tained a  caterpillar,  and  in  the  same  tunnel  with  it  was 
the  egg  of  the  parasite.  It  is  about  3  mm.  bv  about  1  mm. 
at  the  widest  part — whitish,  translucent,  firm  or  leathery^ 
narrow,  elongated,  tapering  to  a  long  point  posteriorly, 
where  there  is  a  small  curved  blackish  hook.  The  hook 
at  the  end  is  evidently  for  the  purpose  of  keeping  the  egg 
in  place.  From  the  above  it  seems  that  the  caterpillar 
is  paralysed  bv  the  parasite  at  the  time  of  oviposition. 
From  observations  made  on  previous  occasions,  however, 
it  would  appear  tliat  paralysis  does  not,  or  at  least  does 
not  always,  occur  immediately,  but  cornea  on  gradually. 
The  firm  texture  of  the  egg  prevents  it  from  being  injured 
should  the  caterpillar  happen  to  wriggle  against  it.  At 
3.30  p.m.  on  the  same  day  (13th)  I  observed  that  the  egg 
had  hatched  and  that  the  young  larva  was  peacefully 
feeding,  attached  to  the  side  of  the  ninth  segment  of  the 
caterpillar.  It  had  probably  hatched  during  the  forenoon. 
The  egg-period  is  therefore  very  short — about  one  day. 
On  the  morning  of  the  sixteenth  the  caterpillar  was  dead, 
almost  the  whole  posterior  half  having  been  devoured  by 
the  parasite  larva.  By  the  morning  of  the  17th  the 
parasite  larva  had  completely  devoured  the  caterpillar, 
and  was  spinning  a  cocoon  in  order  to  pupate.  The 
larval  period,  too,  is  very  short — about  four  days.  The 
sbortnesa  of  both  the  egg  and  larval  stages  can  be  very 
readily  understood,  when  it  is  remembered  that  the  larva 
requires  fresh  food,  and  has  only  a  single  caterpillar  on 
which  to  feed.  It  of  necessity  therefore  has  to  get  through 
it  rapidly,  before  extreme  decomposition  is  reached,  and 
do  all  its  growing  in  that  short  time.  The  larva  pupated 
at  the  angle  between  the  shoot  and  the  glass  jar.  It  left 
the  tunnel,  probably  on  account  of  the  latter  shrinking 
through  drying  of  the  shoot.  From  other  observations  I 
know  that  the  larval  period  is  sometimes  certainly  a  week. 
On  the  morning  of  the  Slst  the  perfect  insect  emerged. 
Pupal  period  therefore  about  fourteen  days.  Time  from 
egg-laying  to  adult  is  therefore  about  nineteen  days." 
The  cocoon  ia  transparent  and  constructed  of  closely 
woven  silk,  giving  a  membranous  appearance.  In  shape 
cylindrical,  blunted  at  both  ends.  Colour  whitish.  Length 
2'1  cm.,  diameter  4  cm. 

/.  obscuricarinaliis,  Cameron.     Issororo,  N.W.D. 


u,y,l,7rJM,G00glc 


320  Mi.  G.  E.  Bodkin'B  Notes  on 

SubfamUy  RBOOADINAB. 

Genus  Meoaruogas,  Szep. 

M.fusdpaljHs,  Cam,    Rockstone,  Essequebo  River. 

Subfamily  AGATHINAE. 

GeiiuB  Spilomicrodus,  Cam. 

S,  n{gr{ce/)S,  Cam.     Bartica,  Essequebo  River. 

Family  CHAIX^IDIDAE. 

SubfamUy  TRICHOOEAXMATINAE. 

Genua  Trichogramma,  Westw, 

T.   miniilum,   Riley.    This   we!  I -known   parasite   is   of 

common    occurrence   in   the   Colony   ae   an    egg-parasite 

of  the  Oane  Borers  {Diatraea)  and  several  other  species  of 

Lepidoptera.     Its  life-histor^'  and  habits  when  parasitising 

the  ova  of  Dialraea  have  been  fully  worked  out  by  myself 

and  published  in  the  Journal  of  the  Board  of  Agriculture, 

British  Guiana,  vol.  vi,  No.  4. 

Subfamily  OHALCIDINAE. 

Genua  CHAi-ns,  F. 

C.  pandora,  Cwfd.     Bred  from  the  pupa  case  of  a  species 

of  Hesperid  (sp.  indet.]  butterfly  feeding  on  cane  blades. 

An  uncommon  species. 

C.  annulaUt,  F.  A  common  parasite  of  Brassulis  sopkorae, 
L.  (Lepidoptera)  and  also  Caligo  iUoneus  ilioneus,  Cramer 
(Lepidoptera).  It  is  widely  distributed  and  the  commonest 
Chalcid  in  the  Colony. 

Genus  Smicra,  Spin. 
S./vh'Omaciilfila,  Cam.     Bredfrom  the  pupa  of  a  Hesperid 
butterfly  (sp.  indet.).    An  uncommon  apecies. 

Family  EVANIIDAE. 

Subfamily  BVANIINAE. 

Oeims  Evania,  F. 

E.  ert/thrajipis,  Cameron.     Issororo,  N.W.D. 

E.  append>ga,iler,  L.     This  insect  emerged  from  a  large 

box  containing  a  quantity  of  seed  rice  packed  in  bt^. 

Innumerable  Blattid  egg-caaea  (Periplanfia  americana  L.l, 

as  well  as  adult  insects,  were  in  the  bnz. 


ll,y,l,7rJM,G00glc 


Tram.  Enl.  Sot.  Land.,  igij,  Plate  XXI. 


Attdri,  Sleigh  &■  Anglo,  Ltd. 
BRITISH  GUIANA  HYMENOPTERA. 


h,Googlc 


some  British  Guiana  Hymenopiera.  321 

Family  ICHNEUMON  ID  AE,  I«ach. 
Subfamily  OPHIONINAE. 
Genus  Eiphosoma,  Cresaon, 
E.  aztecum.  Cress.?     lasororo,  N.W.D. 
E.  texanum.  Cam.     Botanic  Gardens,  G«orgetowii. 

Genus  Henicospilus,  Stephens. 

H.  major,  Morley.  Attracted  to  artificial  light.  Bock- 
stone,  Essequebo  River, 

H.  nigricomis,  Bmll^.  Attracted  to  artificial  light. 
Bockstone,  Essequebo  River. 

H.  fiavoscutellalus,  Brull*.  Attracted  to  artificial  light. 
Bockstone,  Essequebo  River. 

H.  maculiceps,  Cam.  Bred  from  the  pupa-case  of  a 
Noctuid  moth,  Amyna  octo,  Guen.  An  uncommon  species 
on  the  coast  lands. 

Genus  Itoplectis. 
/,  pUUana,  Morley. 

Subfamily  ICHEUMONINAE. 
Genus  Joppa,  F. 
J.  atUennat(/r,  F.    Rockstone,  iissequebo  River. 
J.  geminata,  Vriich.    Courantyne  Coast,  Berbice. 


Explanation  op  Plates  XXI-XXIII. 
plate  xxi. 

FlO.  1.  Synoeca  surinama,  L. 

2.  S<xliphTonjistulaTf,l>eAAh. 

3.  Xylocopafimbriala,  V.^. 
4 ,    F.  ^. 

5.  Mud  neKt  of  Melipona  jruuinae.  C'kll. 

6.  Mud  ncHt  of  Trypoiglon  breviatriiuilwm.  Cam. 

7.  Eumenes  canalicuhta,  Oliv.,  on  its  mud  cell. 

Figs,   1,  2,  3.  4.  6  and  7  arc  about  the  natural  size.     FJg.  6  is 
considerably  reduced. 

PLATE  XXII. 

Borings  of  Xyltxopa  fimbriala,  F,,  in  softwood.     Note  the  "wad  " 
of  sawdust  wbich  divides  the  cells.     Considerably  if  duccd. 

PLATE  XXIII. 
1  fittu!are,  Dahlb.    Slightly  smaller  than 


n,g,l,.rJM,GOOglC 


{     322     } 


XI,  On  a  CoUeclion  of  BuUerflies  taken  in  East  Africa  by 
Mt.  W.  a.  Lambom.  By  H.  Eltrinqham,  M.A,, 
D.Sc.  Wiih  tiotes  on  the  Pierinae,  by  Dr.  F.  A. 
DixEY,  F,R.S.,  and  descripdon  of  a  new  form  of 
P.  dardanuB  ?,  by  Prof.  E.  B.  Poultom,  r.R.S. 

[Read  JuDB  eih,  1817.] 

The  Hope  Department  at  Oxford  has  recently  received  a 
Collection  of  Lepidttplera,  chiefly  Rhopalocera,  taken  in 
1916  by  Mr.  W.  A.  Lambom  in  the  northeni  central  part 
of  what  was  German  East  Africa,  and  it  may  be  not  with- 
out interest  to  give  particulars  of  one  of  the  first  conaign- 
ments  forwarded  from  one  of  our  newly  acquired  territories. 
The  dates  and  localities  with  notes  as  to  the  type  of 
country  are  as  follows.     The  elevations  are  approximate. 

May  3-6       New  Moahi  37°  24' E.  3°  21' a  Thin       woodland, 


»-20  Kikuletwa- 

Darjama  R., 

Noisinak 

Bridge. 

)        Loldiloi 


Muruangoin, 

Sseiije  Drift 
Lolkissale 


.  Plain,  2900  ft. 
.  Dense       evetKi*«n 
forest,  4550ft. 
Tbombush,    3500 


36°  50' I 
36°42'i 


June  1-0,  ID  (Jlionii  (plain) 
„    2-6      Uflomi  (wood- 
land) 


„  20         Taranjere  River,  S 

A 

July     1  New  Moshi  3' 

„    10         Tanga-MoHhi 

Railway,  Sami 
TBANS.  ENT.  8O0.  LOND. 


CSe'S.  Wooded  borders  of 

river,  dry  plains 

beyond,  3000  It. 

J'aS'S.  Thorn-bush,    3550 

ft. 

E.  a'eO'S.  Thombush,        4- 

6000  ft. 
E.  4=  16'  S.  Dried  plain.  4440  ft. 
'  R  4°  16'  S.  Green  river  gorge, 
woodland,    with 
large  trees. 
E.  4''30'S.  Thorn-bush       and 
woodland,    4500 
ft. 
S.  of,  Thom-bnsh      and 

36°  E,  4°  S.     woodUnd,  3800  ft. 
E.  3°24'S.   Thin       woodland. 
2925  ft. 
37°  46'  E.  4°  8'  S.     Thom-buah,  2900ft. 

1917.— PAKTS  II,  ni,  IV.  MAY  '18 


Dr.  H.  Eltringham  on  BuUerJlies  taketi  in  East  Africa.    323 

July  H         Tanga-Moehi       37°  56'  E.  4°  36'  S.  Thorn-buah. 
Railway,  Mabirioni, 
("Gonnan  Bridge") 
„  23        Handeni  About 38° E.  6° S.  Woodland    and 

thom-buBh,  2800ft. 
Sept.  6         Bagamoyo,  37  m.  N.  of  Dar-e«-        Coco      pluitation, 
Salam,  on  coast  100ft. 

,,  13         Ngerengere,  on  Central  Railway,    Thick  thora-buah. 

100  m.  W.  of  Dar-ea-Sslani. 
„  30  KondutBchi,  10  m.  N.  of  Dar-ee-        Coco       plantation, 

Salam,  on  coast  fiOft. 

Nov.  10-14  Tanga  5°  S.  on  coast.        Coco     plantation, 

50  ft. 

At  the  above  dates  and  localities  the  wet  season  prevailed 
until  about  June  16,  when  the  dry  began.  The  rain  of  the 
next  change  was  first  encountered  on  September  6. 


Dani^d*  formoss,  Godm. 
A  nice  series  in  fine  condition. 
Same,  Mabirioni.    9  S<S,  3  ?9.    May  16-July  14. 

D.  petiverana,  Doubl. 
Ufiomi  (woodland).     1  (J.    June  4. 

D.  chryslppus,  Linn. 

Forty  examples,  of  which  only  three  are  typical  chry- 
sivpus.  One  approaches  ahippoides,  Moore,  and  three  are 
of  the  aMnus,  Lanz,  form.  The  rest  are  all  dorippus, 
Klug.*  The  remarkable  corresponding  predominance  of 
the  daira  form  of  Acraea  encedon  in  this  collection  is 
referred  to  under  that  species. 

All  dorippts  unless  otherwise  stated. 

Kikuletwa,  Darjama  River  (thorn-bush)— 1  ?  Mar.  19; 
Ix>ldi]oi  (wooded  river-side) — 11  S^,  1  cj  ckrysippus,  1  S 

•  In  Seitz"  "  Macrolepidoptera,"  Profesaor  Aurivilliua  aeparatea 
tbe  dorippiig  form  as  a  distiiitt  species,  with  the  remark  that  there 
ia  not  BuJficient  evidence  of  its  Bpecific  identity  with  chryaippua  I 

Any  good  series,  hoicever,  thntpg  many  rtmarkaWe  inlennedlales, 
and  sptcimmn  in  Ihe  Hope  Department  bred  by  the  late  t'l/l.  Manders 
ahoip  in  a  large  number  of  spedmena  the  in*labiMy  of  ihe  fvre-u-ing 
apical  black.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  dotippus  is  a  form  of 
chrysippua  jusl  as  inaiia  is  a  form  of  misippua 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


324  Dr.  H.  Eltringham  on  a 

aJbinus  May  20;  Lolkissale  (thom-busb)— I  $  May  26; 
Same  (thom-bush)  4  (J(J,  3  $5,  1  ^  chtysippus  July  10; 
1  tJ,  1  ?,  1  (J  chrysippus,  1  ^  aUtinus  Jaly  1 1 ;  Mabirioni 
(thoro-bush)  6  cJ(J,  5  $9.  1  cJ  chrysipjms  (appcoacbing 
tdcippoides),  I  $  aibinus  July  14. 

Amanrli  oehha,  Boisd. 
Thirty  examples,  a)]  typical. 
Bagamoyo.    11  (J(J,  19  ?$.    Sept.  6. 

A.  damocles  f .  damocUdes,  Stgr. 
Loldiloi.     1  <?.    May  20. 

A.  nlavlus  domlnicanus,  Trim. 
Mabirioni,  Bagamoyo.     3  tj<?-    July  14-Sept.  6. 

A.  alblmaculata,  Butl. 

New  Moshi,  Saiija  R.,  Ufiomi  (plains).  23  ^^,  5  $?. 
May  3-June  6. 

[Note. — A.  eckeria  is  rare  in  Kikuyu,  common  on  Kili- 
manjaro (Rogers,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc,  p.  511,  1908),  and 
aUnmacuUua  relatively  very  rare  at  Entebbe.] 


SATYRINAE 
Gnaphodes  parmeno  diversa,  Butl. 
A  single  example  of  the  southern  and  eastern  race  of 
6.  parmetto. 
tJfiomi  (woodland).     1  $.    June  3. 

Neocoenyra  duplex,  Butl. 

A  single  example,  apparently  of  this  species,  though 
differing  from  typical  examples  in  having  the  fore-wing 
eye  spot  area  merely  dusted  with  red  brown  scales,  instead 
of  being  distinctly  red  brown. 

Ufiomi  (woodland).     1  cJ.    June  4. 

Physcaeneura  leda,  Oerst. 
Six  specimens  somewhat  variable  in  size,  but  otherwise 
normal. 
Tanga.    5  <?,  1  ?.    Nov.  10-14. 


n,g,t,7rJM,GOOglC 


CoUedion  oj  BuUerfiies  taken  in  East  Africa.        325 

ACRAEINAE. 
Acrua  quirina,  Fab. 
Five  females  of  the  uauat  brownish  form.    The  note 
accoDipanying  these   examples   describea  the  focality   aa 
dense  evergreen  forest.     This  may  account  for  the  absence 
of  male  specimens,  which  probably  frequent  more  opeu 
situations. 
Anisha.     5  ?$.     May  16. 

A.  neobule,  Doubl. 

Five  examples  of  this  widely  distributed  species,  all  of 
tjrpical  pattern  and  colour. 

Utiomi  (plains),  Muniangoin,  Same.  5  ^^.  May  22- 
July  10. 

A.  zetes,  Linn. 

One  male  of  the  acara  form  so  greatly  modified  in  re- 
semblance to  A.  fseudolyda  aslrigera,  Butl.,  that  the  male 
armature  gives  the  principal  evidence  of  its  distinction 
from  that  species.  Zetes  and  pseudolyda  are  certainly 
closely  allied,  and  the  resemblance  would  appear  to  be  due 
to  affinity  rather  than  to  mimetic  association. 

Kikuletwa-Darjama  River.     1  (J.     May  19. 

A.  Inslgnls,  Dist. 
A  single  female  approaching  the  siginna  form. 
Handeni.     1  $.    July  23. 

A.  chila,  Godm. 

Of  the  twelve  examples  received,  ten  are  of  the  crystaUina 
form  of  female,  the  remaining  two  are  males  of  the  ordinary 
form.  It  is  remarkable  that  whereas  the  female  chUo 
becomes  more  transparent  as  it  extends  southward,  the 
female  braesia,  and  to  some  extent  its  male  also,  becomes 
more  transparent  towards  the  northern  limit  of  its  range. 
The  male  cnilo,  on  the  other  hand,  shows  some  tendency  to 
heavier  spotting  as  it  extends  southward.  The  localities 
where  the  present  examples  were  taken  are  further  south 
than  any  yet  recorded. 

Same,  Mabirionl.    2  SS,  10  52-    July  lO-l^- 


ll,y,l,7rJM,G00glc 


326  Dr.  H.  Eltringham  on  a 

A.  egina.  Gram. 

Ten  Bpecimens,  three  of  which  are  distioctl}'  of  the  foim 
harrisoni,  Sharpe,  wbibt  two  other  males  have  slight  red 
streaks  in  the  fore-wing  apical  area.  The  harrisoni  form 
has  previously  been  reported  from  Bukuba,  L.  Kivu 
district,  by  Griinbere,  who  renamed  it  kivuensts,  and 
occasional  examples  nave  been  noted  from  Uganda  to 
JS^yassa  Land.  It  is  merely  an  intermediate  between  the 
type  and  the  form  areca,  Mab. 

Uflomi.  7  (JJ,  3  ??.  June  2-19.  (One  harrisoni  J, 
June  2,  woodland,  the  rest  plains.) 

A.  acrita  manca,  Thur. 

A  fine  series  of  this  interesting  form.  The  characteristic 
fore-wing  subapical  spots  show  considerable  variation  in 
number  and  size,  and  in  one  or  two  examples  they  are 
present  only  on  the  underside.  The  fore-wing  apical  black 
IS  slightly  broader  and  the  black  rings  on  hind-wing  margin 
are  more  pronounced  than  in  typical  tnanca.  The  exampes 
are  thus  to  some  extent  intermediate  between  manca  and 
manca  f.  Itdtca.  Nearly  all  the  females  have  a  brownish 
ground-colour,  though  in  one  or  two  examples  there  is 
in  the  hind-wing  a  tendency  towards  the  typical  Same 
orange  of  the  male.  The  wet  season  continued  till  abont 
June  16,  BO  that  these  females  are  fairly  consistently  of 
the  wet  form. 

Ufiomi  (plains).  19  <?(?,  21  ?$.  June  1-6,  19  (wood- 
land).    1  (^,  1  $  .    June  5;  Ssalanga.     2  $.     June  9. 

A.  ealdarena  f .  neluska,  Oberth. 
Two  examples  of  this  form  occur.    They  present  no 
unusual  features.    The  form  is  rather  rare  in  collections. 
Handeni.     1  ^,  1  ?.    June  23. 

A.  pudorella  padorella,  Auriv. 
One  dwarf  male  example. 
Ufiomi  (plauia).     1  J.     June  1. 

A.  braesia  braesla,  Godm. 

In  a  long  series  of  this  species  there  is  one  male  example 

of  the  regalis  form,  and  several  somewhat  int«rmediate 

thereto.    No    specimen   shows   the    peculiarities   of   the 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


Coaeciion  of  Butterflies  taken  in  East  Africa.        327 

Somaliland  foim  mentioned  in  my  monograph,  though 
several  of  the  females  are  more  than  usually  transparent. 
Ufiomi   (plains),    Same,    Tanga   Moshi    Ry.,    Ssalanga, 
Mabiiioni,  Handeni.    34  <J(J,  8  ??.     June  5-Ju]y  23. 

A.  equatorlalis,  Neave. 

A  single  male  example  in  tine  condition,  presenting  the 
coloration  of  true  equaiorialis  combined  with  the  larger 
size  so  usually  found  in  equatorialia  anaemia,  Eltr.  Ako 
one  other  specimen  of  the  anaemia  form,  imfortunately 
without  data. 

Kikuletwa-Darjama  R.     1  ^.    May  19. 

A.  natallca  natallca,  Boisd. 
Five  examples  of  this  common  species  all  of  typical 
appearance. 
New  Moahi,  Sanja  R.    4  ^(J,  1  ?.    May  6-11. 

A.  uacieon,  Trim. 

Two  examples  of  this  species  were  taken,  one  m^Ie  and 
one  female.  Though  somewhat  faded  and  worn  they  are 
btereating  as  showing  an  intermediate  condition  between 
anacreon  bomba  f .  induna.  Trim.,  and  anacreon  atiacreotUica, 
Gr.  Sm,  As  in  the  latter,  the  fore-wing  apical  black  is 
very  much  reduced  and  the  outer  half  of  the  wing  is 
ochreous ;  the  base  of  fore-wing  and  the  whole  hind-wing 
is  deep  orange  as  in  the  induna  form.  They  thus  support 
my  contention  that  anacretm,  bmtAa,  and  anacr&mtica  are 
all  forms  of  the  same  species.  The  resemblance  of  the 
female  example  to  the  specimens  of  acrita  nuxTuxt,  with  which 
it  was  taken,  is  very  striking. 

Ssalanga.     1  J.    June  9. 

Ufiomi  (plains).     1  ?.    June  19. 

A.  encedon,  Linn. 

Of  twenty-one  examples  there  is  no  specimen  of  true 
encedon.  The  daira  form  largely  predominates,  and 
flfcippiMo  is  absent.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  of  forty 
examples  of  D.  chrysippus  in  the  same  collection,  three 
Ue  typical,  one  is  the  (dcippus  form,  three  aUnnus,  and  all 
tfe  test  are  of  the  doripjms  form  to  which  enced(m  t. 
daira  corresponds. 

Daira. — ^New  Moshi   (thin   woodUnd)   5   (J(J    May  6; 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


328  Dr.  H.  Eltringham  <m  a 

Sanja  Kiver  (plains)  2  $?  May  10;  Arusba  (dense  forest) 
1  $  May  10,  2  9$  May  16 ;  Muruangoin  (thom-bush)  1  ^ 
May  22 ;  Ufiomi  (plains)  1  $  June  2 ;  (woodland)  1  $  June 
5 ;  Mabirioni  (thom-busb)  2  S3  Ju'y  1* !  Handeni  (wood- 
land and  thotn)  1  ?  July  23. 

Encedon  (near  infiiscata) — Arusha  1  $  May  16. 

Encedon,  worn,  with  rather  dull  coloration — Ufiomi 
(woodland)  1  $  June  4 ;  Mabirioni  1  ^  July  14. 

Zj/cia    New  Moshi  1  2  May  6 ;  Handeui  1  J  July  23. 

The  above  analysis  of  localities  shows  that  there  is  Uttle 
or  no  correspondence  between  the  form  and  the  character 
of  the  habitat. 

A.  sotikensls,  Sharpe. 

All  the  specimens  are  of  the  form  rowena,  Bltr.,  dis- 
tinguished from  the  typical  form  by  having  the  inner 
marginal  part  of  hind-wing  patch  yellow  instead  of 
red.  This  form  has  hitherto  only  been  reported  from 
Mt.  Ruwenzori. 

Uflomi.  8  SS,  2  9?.  June  1-5  (1  ^,  2  ?$  plains,  the 
rest  woodland). 

A.  cabira,  Hoppf. 

Three  examples  of  the  typical  fonn  not  calling  for 
special  comment. 

Arusha,  Sanja  R.,  Mabirioni.    3  ?$.    May  10-July  14. 

A.  acerata.  Hew. 

Three  examples  in  marking  somewhat  intermediate 
between  the  type  and  the  vinidia  form.  One  female  is 
intermediate  to  the  form  lenella. 

Uflomi  (woodland).     1  ^.    June  4. 

New  Moshi.     2  ?$.    July  1. 

A.  terpsichore,  Linn. 

A  long  series  of  this  abundant  species.  All  the  males 
are  of  the  form  r&ugett,  Guer.  The  females  are  not  so 
variable  in  form  as  is  usual  in  this  species.  Four  resemble 
the  males,  the  remainder  are  largely  of  the  form  having 
dusky  fore-wings  with  more  or  less  whitish  subapicol 
patch,  one  or  two  having  a  jrreat  deal  of  white  on  the  fore- 
wing.  Only  two  ()f  the  males  have  any  red  marks  on  the 
hind-wing  underside. 

Kikuletwa-Darjama   R.,   Ufiomi,  Same,  Handeni,  New 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


CoOection  of  Bvtterfiies  taken  in  Bast  Africa .        329 

Moshi.    9  S6,  34  ??.    (5  SS,  27  ?$.    Ufiomi  plains,  1  $ 
woodland.)    May  1&-July  23. 

A.  phanalus,  Ward. 
Two  males  of  the  fonn  pharsaimdes,  Holl.,  which  seems 
generally  to  replace  the  typical  form  in  these  localities. 
New  Moshi,  Arusha.     2  3^.    May  6-16. 

A.  perenna,  Doubl. 

One  iemale  example  of  the  form  thesprio,  Oberth.,  in 
which  the  red  colour  extends  over  the  greater  part  of.the 
fore- wing. 

New  Moehi.    1  ?.    May  6. 

A.  oreas,  Sharpe. 

Two  examples  of  which  the  male  is  of  the  alinmacvJata 
form,  the  other,  a  female,  has  the  tip  of  the  left  fore-wing 
sienna  brown  instead  of  black. 

Arusha.     1  ,J,  1  ?.    May  13-16. 

A.  eiebrla,  Hew. 

A  series  showing  the  usual  variability.  The  majority 
are  of  the  fonii  jacksoni,  Sharpe.  Two  are  of  the  form 
pTotea,  Trim.;  one  female  is  form  vumletronis,  Butl.,  and 
one  female  intermediate  between  motOeironis  and  nubilata, 
Elti. 

Aiusba,  Ufiomi  (woodland).  Same,  Mabirioni.  9  (J(J, 
6  S$.    May  14-July  U. 

A.  tyooa,  Gcodt. 
Two  examples  of  the  tona  fallax,  Bogenh.    This  ia  the 
most  southern  locality  I  have  for  this  form. 
Amsha.    2  $$.    May  10-13. 

A.  johnstoni,  Godm. 

One  male  is  typical.  The  other  two  are  of  the  variety 
of  confuaa,  Rogenh.,  which  haa  the  hind-wing  discal 
patch  white  as  well  as  the  fore-wing  spots.  (See  Trana. 
Ent.  Soc..  p.  342,  1912.) 

New  Moshi,  Mabirioni.    3  (J^.    July  1-14. 

PUnema  aganlce  montana,  Butl. 
Kikuletwa-Dariama  R.,  Ufiomi  (woodland),  Mabirioni, 
Anuha.    1  J,  8  $?.    May  16-July  14. 


u,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


330  Dr.  H.  Eltringham  an  a 

P.  ifuadrloolor,  Bogenh. 
Arnsba.    1  $.    May  13. 

PardopslB  pimetaUssiiiu,  Boisd. 

Same.     1  J,  1  ?.     July  10. 

With  reference  to  the  position  of  this  speciea  Professor 
Aurivillius  ezpresBes  the  opinion  (in  Seitz'  "  Maciolepi- 
doptera  ")  that  pending  a  knowledge  of  the  early  stages  it 
should  remain  with  the  Acraeinae,  with  which  it  agrees  in 
certain  particulare,  including  the  structure  of  the  fore- 
legs. I  was  at  some  pains  in  my  monograph  of  the  Genua 
Acraea  to  point  out  that  the  species  does  not  agree  with 
Acraea  in  this  last  particular. 


NYMPHALINAE 

Euxanihe  wskefleUi,  Ward. 
Handeni.    1  (J,  1  ?.    July  23. 

Charazes  etheocles.  Or. 
New  Moshi.     1  ^.    May  6. 

C.  eandiope,  Godt. 
Ufiomi  (woodland).     1  (J,    June  4. 

C.  elthaeron,  Feld. 
Eikuletwa-Darjama  R.    1  (J.    May  19. 

C.  zoolina,  Westw. 
This  dimorphic  species  is  represented  by  two  examples, 
one  zoolina  and  the  other  neanlhes,  Hew. 

Kikuletwa  -  Darjama   R.     $   {zoolina).     May    20    (wet 

New  Moshi.    (J  [neanthes).    July  1  (dry  season). 


Ufiomi  (woodland).     1  <J.    June  2, 

Euryphura  achlys,  Hoppf. 

Ngereugere.    2  <JcJ.    Sept.  13. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


CoUedion  of  BuOerfiies  taken  in  East  Africa.        331 

Euryphene  senegshnsis  ortenUs,  Eaisch. 
Kondutachi.    4  ^$,  2  $$.    Sept.  30. 

EphMdra  neophron.  Hoppf. 

Two  males  of  the  ordinary  form,  and  one  male  which 
appears  to  be  a  rather  worn  and  faded  specimen  of  the 
form  vwlacea,  Batl. 

New  Moshi.     1  <^  (tnolacea).    May  6. 

Ngerengere.    2  ^t^  (neophrmi).    Sept.  13. 

Hamanumlda  daedal  us.  Fab. 
Handeni.     1  cJ.    July  23. 

Neptisagfttha,  Stoll. 
Ufiomi  (plains).    2  ??.     Jmie  1. 

N.  saclava  marpessa,  Boisd. 
The  marpessa  form  is  the  continental  representative  of 
the  Madagascar  saclava,  and-is  very  widely  distributed. 
Ufiomi  (woodland).    2  $$.    June  5, 

Byblla  lUthyla,  Dnir. 
Same.    1  ^,  1  ?.    July  10. 

B.  aohelola,  Wallingr. 

Wet  f.  vulgaris,  Stgr. 

Ufiomi  (woodland).     1  ^.    June  2. 

Eurytela  hlarbas  tila,  R.  &  J. 
Tfae  East  African  race  of  kiarbas,  Dnir. 
Ufiomi  (woodland).     1  ^.    June  2. 

E.  dryope  angulata,  Auriv. 

The  early  stages  of  kiarbas  and  dryope  are,  according  to 
Miss  Fountaine,  indistinguishable,  though  their  specific 
identity  seems  not  yet  to  have  been  established. 

Ufiomi  (woodland).     1  $.    June  4. 

Hypollmnas  mlsippus,  Linn. 
Ooe  female  of  the  typical  form. 
Same.    1  ?.    July  11. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


332  Dr.  H.  Eltringham  on  a 

Hypollmnas  duUa,  Pal. 

Four  examples  of  the  wahJbergi  form,  showing  consider- 
able variation  in  size,  the  smallest  70  mm.  in  expanse  and 
the  largest  100  mm.  Also  four  specimens  of  the  mima 
form,  of  which  one,  a  large  female,  has  the  hind-wing  pale 
area  white  dusted  with  yellow. 

Arusha,  Mabirioni.     4  ^^  {uKthlhergi).    May  14-JuIy  14. 

Ssalanga,  Ufiomi  (woodland),  2  ^,$,  2  $$  (mima). 
June  4-'9. 

Pseudaenea  lucretia  expansa,  Butl. 
Handeni.    1  ?.    July  23. 

Salamis  parhassus  aethiops,  Pal. 
Two  fine  examples.     The  species  difFers  from  anacardU, 
L.,  in  having  a  glossy  surface  on  the  underside  of  both 

Ufiomi  (woodland).     2  $$.     June  4. 

^rameis  cardui,  Linn. 
A  female  of  this  ubiguitouis  species  taken  at  an  elevation 
of  4500  ft. 
Ssalanga.     1  $.    June  9. 

Catacroptera  cloantbe  obscurior,  Stg. 
One  female  of  the  dry  form  of  doanthe,  though  taken 
towards  the  end  of  the  wet  season. 
Ufiomi  (plains).     1  $,     Jime  2. 

Precis  octavia.  Gram. 

A  series  of  this  species  of  which  twelve  are  of  the  sesamua 
or  dry  season  form,  and  one  naialensis.  The  first  example 
of  sesamus  was  taken  on  June  2,  and  the  wet  season  con- 
tinued till  about  June  16.  The  remaining  dates  extend 
to  June  19.  One  seaamus  taken  June  19  shows,  by  the 
red  in  the  fore-wing  cell,  an  approach  towards  an  inter- 
mediate form  and  to  the  usual  dry  fotm  of  the  west  coast. 

Ufiomi.  6  ^^,  6  5$  (sesamus).  June  2-6,  19  (3  ^$, 
6  $9  taken  June  19,  under  eaves  of  native  hut,  Ufiomi 
plains;  3  SS  i"  woodland,  June  2-5). 

Ufiomi  (woodland).     1  ?  {natalensis).    June  4. 


ih,Cooi^lc 


CoUedion  of  BvUerfiies  taken  in  East  Africa.        333 

P.  UmnorU  taveta,  Rogenh. 
New  Moshi,  Same.     1  tj,  1  ?.    May  6^uiy  11. 

P.  antllope  antilope,  Feisth. 
The  diy  season  form. 
Handeni.     1  S-    ^^J  23. 

P.  terea  elglva.  Hew. 
Ufiomi  (wcodland).     1  J.     June  6. 

LYCAENIDAE. 
Teriomlma  fraya,  S,-&  K. 
Handeni.     4  cJc?  (one  doubtful).     July  23. 

SpalgU  lemolea,  Dnice. 
Tanga.    1  <J.    Nov.  10-14. 

Dranothauma  lalkeostelni.  Dew. 
Ufiomi  (woodland).     1  S-    J'"ie  4. 

Vliaehola  antalus,  Hoppf . 
Ufiomi  (plains).     1  ?■    J^e  2. 

Polyommatus  boeticus,  Linn. 
Ufiomi  (plains).     1  $.    June  2. 

Azanus  mlrta,  Plotz. 
New  Moshi.    2  SS-    May  3. 

Azanus  slEillAtus,  Butl. 
New  Moshi.    1  cJ.    May  3. 

PIERINAE. 
Terias  brigitta.  Cram. 
NewMoahi.     1  <?.     May  3. 

Terias  r^ularls,  Butl. 
New  Moshi,  Tarangere  R.,  Ufiomi   (woodland).     9  tjcj- 
May3-Juae20. 
TRAN9.  EHT.  SOC.  LOKB.  1917.— PARTS  II,  m,  IV.   (MAY  '18)    Z 


&34  Dr.  H.  Eltringham  on  a 

Tencolas  enponve.  King. 
Taiangeie  R.    1  S-    June  20. 

TeneoliB  evafore.  King. 
The  form  antigone,  Boisd. 
Same.     1  J.     July  11. 

Teraeolns  baUmede,  Klug. 
TarangereR.      9  (JfJ,  4  $?.    July  10-11. 

Teraeolns  ehrysonome,  Klug. 

Loldiloi,  Ufiomi  (plains),  Tarangere  R.  3  S3,  9  ??■ 
May  20-June  20. 

Note. — From  the  last-named  locality  there  were  eight 
females  and  only  one  male. 

T«raeolus  protomMlia,  Klug. 
Same.     1  ?.    July  10. 
"  Damaged  before  capture." 

Colias  electo,  Linn. 
Ufiomi  (plains).    4  (J<J,  one  being  white.     June  2-3, 

Eronia  teda,  Boisd. 
Handeni.     1  J.     July  23. 

Eronia  cleodora,  Hiibn. 
Handeni,  Mabirioni.     1  (J,  1  $.    July  14-23. 

Leueerotiia  argia,  Fabr. 
Ufiomi  (woodland),  Handeni.    3  (J(J.     June  3-July  23. 

Leuceronia  thatassina,  Boisd. 
Ufiomi  (woodland).     1  ?.    June  3. 

LeuceronJa  buquetil,  Boisd. 
Handeni,  Same.     1  (J,  1  ?.     July  U -23. 

Pinacopteryx  vidua,  Butl. 
Ufiomi  (woodland).     1  $,     June  5. 


iM,Googlc 


CoUedion  of  Buflerfties  taken  in  Bast  Africa.        335 

PioMoptciyi  irifva,  Boiad. 
New  Moshi,  Ufiomi.     4  (J(J.     May  6-Jime  i. 

i.  ssUrto,  Butl. 
Ufiomi  (woodland).     1  (J.    June  4. 

Beknois  severiiu.  Cram. 
TarangereR., Ufiomi,  Same.   1<?,2??     Jiine4-July  11. 

B«lenols  mesentiiu.  Cram. 
Handeni.     1  J.     July  23. 

Belenois  nurK&rftaMS,  Sharpe, 
Sealanga.     1  ^.    Jmie  9. 

Hjrlotfarls  afalhina.  Cram. 
Ufiomi,  Handeni.     6  ^3,  5  9?.     June  2,  19,  July  23. 
1  (J,  4  $?  Ufiomi  (plaina) ;  2  (J^,  1  ?  (woodland). 

Nycbiloiia  mednsa  f.  aleeita.  Cram. 
Ufiomi  (woodland).     4  .JcJ,  4  ??.    June  2-6. 


PAPILIONINAE. 
Papilio  Qiraus  lyaeus,  Doub). 
Difiera  from  true  niretis  in  having  a  much  shorter  blue 
spot  in  area  2  of  hind-wing. 
New  Moahi.     9  <S<S-    May  3. 

P.  laonldas  leonldas.  Fab. 
One  female  example,  unfortunately  without  data. 

P.  dardanus  tibullos,  Kirb. 

2  f,  nov,  lamborDl,  Poult, 

The  single  female  was  captured  June  3,  1916,  at  Ufiomi 
(woodland).  A  male  was  taken  in  the  same  locality  on 
June  6;  a  second  on  June  9  at  Ssalanga,  and  a  third  on 
July  14  at  Mabirioni. 

The  female  is  an  extremely  interesting  form,  being  very 
similar  to  that  described  from  much  further  north  in  Trans. 
But,  Soc,  1906,  p,  290 — ^a  Iropkonius  form  from  the  Kikuyu 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


336  Dr.  H.  Eltringham  on  a 

Eflcarpment  (6500-9000  ft.)  near  Nairobi,  with  the  pale 
markmga  not  white  but  letaimng  the  piimitiTe  yellowish 
tint  of  trimeni,  and  the  broad  orange  marking  incompletely 
developed,  so  that  it  does  not  quite  fill  its  usual  area,  the 
outer  end  of  the  fore-wing  patch  remaining  yellowish.  It 
was  pointed  out  in  the  paper  referred  to,  that  this  specimen 
supported  the  conclusion  that  Irophonius  had  arisen  direct 
from  trimeni  and  not  indirectly  from  it  by  way  of  kippocoon. 
The  existence  of  another  specimen  of  the  same  form  from  a 
very  different  locality  aSotds  confirmation.  The  differ- 
ences between  the  two  specimens  are  only  such  as  are  found 
between  different  individuals  of  each  of  the  female  forms 
of  dardanus.  Thus,  the  southern  specimen  from  a  lower 
altitude  ia  considerably  larger,  being  just  over  90  mm. 
in  expanse  as  against  just  under  80  mm. ;  but  a  small  MZe 
is  characteristic  of  both  males  and  females  of  dardamis 
polt/tropkus  from  the  high  Kiknyu  Escarpment.  The 
southern  specimeh  is  darker  and  richer  in  colouring,  but 
this  difference  is  intensified  by  its  freshness;  its  hind-wing 
orange  patch  is  squarer,  with  a  more  pronounced  angle 
in  area  5,  and  is  more  encroached  upon  by  the  broader 
black  margin.  A  vestige  of  the  "  tail "  involving  the 
lengthening  of  vein  4  is  seen  in  the'  northern  specimen  but 
not  in  the  southern,  just  as  it  is  present  in  some  trimeni, 
but  not  in  others. 

In  the  fore-wing  the  band  of  black  ground-colour  between 
the  sub-apical  bar  and  the  orange  patch  on  the  inner  margin 
is  about  twice  as  wide  in  the  southern  specimen,  and  there 
is  also  far  less  invasion  of  the  cell  by  this  orange  patch. 
Furthermore  the  sub-apical  bar  and  the  spot  in  the  cell 
are  fused  in  the  Kikuyu  example,  quite  distinct  in  the 
southern.  The  cell  spot  itself  is  double  in  the  latter,  single 
in  the  former. 

In  spite  of  these  and  other  differences  both  females  belong 
to  a  characteristic  form  for  which  I  propose  the  name 
hmborni.  It  may  be  defined  as  a  trimeni  form  in  which 
the  yellowish  ground-colour  of  the  main  area  of  both  wings 
ia  replaced,  but  incompletely  in  the  fore-wing,  by  orange. 
The  specimen  from  Ufiomi  is  probably  more  typical,  and 
I  therefore  select  it  as  the  type  of  this  female  form. 

The  three  males  are  all  of  the  tibullus  form  with  the  black 
discal  band  of  the  hind-wing  heavily  marked,  although  not 
so  strongly  developed  as  it  conmionly  is  in  this  sub-species. 
The  band  of  the  specimens  taken  June  6  and  June  9  shows 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


Collection  of  Butler/lies  taken  in  East  Africa.        337 

in  area  5  a  marked  "  costal  gap,"  closed  on  its  outer  side 
by  a  narrow  black  V  with  apex  outwardly  directed.  In  the 
male  of  July  14  a  slight  indication  of  the  "  anal  gap  "  ia 
represented  by  a  thinning  of  the  black  baod,  from  without 
inwardly,  in  area  3. 

The  pattern  of  these  three  males  together  with  the 
geographical  distribution  of  all  four  specimens  shows  that 
this  laTnbomi  female  belongs  to  the  subspecies  tibullue. 
The  Kikuyu  example  of  tms  form,  on  the  other  band, 
belongs  to  pdytrojAus. 

E.  B.  P. 


HESPERIIDAE. 

Tagiades  flesus,  Fab. 

Ufiomi  (woodland).     1  J.     June  6. 

Cyclopldes,  sp.  1 

One  example  not  yet  ideotiEed.  This  specimen  is 
evidently  closely  allied  to  Cychpidei  Irisignatus,  Neave, 
from  which  it  differs  principally  in  the  total  absence  of 
orange  spots  in  the  hind-wing. 

Ufiomi  (woodland),    Jime  6. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


XII.  Further   notes   on   recapilulalory   attitudes   in   Lepi- 
dopteta.    By  T.  A.  Chapman.  M.D. 

[Read  OoUibec  3rd,  1917.] 

I  HAVE  made  a  few  more  observations  on  the  methods 
followed  by  some  Lepidoptera  in  passing  from  the  attitude 
of  drying  their  winf^s  after  their  expansion  to  their  ordinary 
attitude  of  rest.  The  subject  is  interesting  from  any  point 
of  view,  and  especially  as  it  points  to  each  si>ecies  that  has 
a  special  resting  attitude  adoptingduring  this  period  cerlain 
positions  that  are  actually,  or  in  some  degree  recjill,  the 
ordinary  resting  attitude  that  b  not  theirs  but  that  of  the 
group  to  which  they  belong,  or  that  is  most  frequent  in 
Lepidoptera. 

I  have  only  had  opportunity  to  observe  three  more 
species  of  butterflies.  They  agree  with  those  reported  on 
last  year,  in  making  certain  opening  and  closing  wing 
movements,  not  after  the  wings  are  dry,  but  during  the 
process  of  drying ;  so  far  as  my  few  observations  go  nothing 
of  this  sort  occurs  in  the  Heterocera. 

In  P.  rapae  this  was  seen  to  suggest  an  effort,  which  the 
limpness  of  the  undried  wings  prevented  being  successful, 
to  spread  the  wings  flatly,  as  in  the  resting  attitude  of  so 
many  Lepidoptera.  The  other  species  noticed  had  similar 
alternations  of  opening  and  closing  the  wings,  but  through 
a  much  smaller  angle  that  would  not  suggest  an  eSort  to 
extend  them  flatty,  but  for  the  fact  that  they  were  obvi- 
ously of  the  same  character  as  in  P.  rapae.  Though  this 
curious  habit  may  have  some  other  meaning,  none  has 
occurred  to  me  but  that  mentioned  in  my  previous  paper. 

With  regard  to  the  Heterocera  observed,  the  Geometers 
follow  broadly  the  same  procedure  as  did  those  reported  in 
the  previous  paper,  and  suggest  that  the  habit  they  exhibit 
will  obtain  in  all  similar  (ieometers,  that  is,  similar  in  having 
resting  positions  other  than  the  typical  deltoid  one.  My 
examples  come  from  each  of  the  three  largest  sub-families 
of  our  British  Oeometers,  so  that  the  habit  is  in  no  way 
of  classificatory  value.  This  conclusion  is  confirmed  by 
finding  that  precisely  the  same  reminiscence  of  the  typical 
resting  position  occurs  in  the  quite  unrelated  F.fahataria. 

TBAN3.  EMT,  SOC.  LOND,  1917. — PAST.S  U,  ID,  IV.     (MAY  '18) 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lc 


Dr.  T.  A.  Chapman  on  alfUvdes  in  Lepldoplera.      339 

The  detailed  notes  taken  minute  by  minute  duriug  the 
obaen'ations,  as  I  gave  them  in  my  firnt  notes  on  this 
subject,  seem  of  little  value,  except  as  proof  that  the 
observations  actually  were  made,  so  I  do  not  append  them, 
but  rather  describe  the  general  succession  of  events  in  each 
species,  instead  of  leaving  them  to  be  worried  out  of  memo- 
randa made  hurriedly  during  the  observations,  and  not 
perhaps  easily  understood,  owing  to  their  abbreviated 
nature,  except  by  myself. 

The  species  observed  were — 

P.brassirae.  The  wings  expand  to  a  position  the  same 
as  the  normal  resting  position,  that  in  which  most  Lepi- 
doptera  dry  their  wings.  Almost  as  soon  as  one  can  say 
expansion  ia  completed,  the  wings  are  opened  apart  to  a 
position  in  which  the  fore  and  hind  wings  being  together, 
the  mid-costae  are  8  to  12  mm.  apart,  and  the  apices  3  to 
8  mm.,  BO  that  the  attitude  corre-sponds  to  that  which  in 
P.  rapae  I  have  described  as  bell-shaped ;  but  the  separa- 
tion is  so  slight  in  comparison  that  this  attitude  would  not 
in  brasskne  suggest  any  resemblance  to  the  outline  of  a 
bell.  It  is,  however,  essentially  the  same,  in  that  the  wings 
being  limp  the  apices  approach  each  other,  more  than 
the  mid-costae,  and  are  in  fact  3  to  8  mm.  apart  instead 
of  12  to  20,  as  they  would  be  if  the  wings  were  stiff.  They 
maintain  this  attitude  for  about  thirty-five  seconds  and  then 
close,  so  that  the  costae  are  in  contact  to  within  4  mm. 
of  the  thorax.  They  remain  so  for  about  forty-five  seconds 
and  are  again  opened  to  the  open  position.  This  alterna- 
tion is  repeated  about  fourteen  or  fifteen  times.  The 
actual  opening  and  closing  takes  about  ten  seconds. 
The  period  during  which  the  wings  are  open  is  very  similar 
to  that  during  which  they  are  closed,  viz,  about  thirty- 
five  to  forty-five  seconds.  These  vary  a  little  in  the  same 
specimen  and  between  different  specimens,  but  only  by  a 
few  seconds.  I  ought  to  have  said  that  when  open  there 
is  the  variation  of  8  to  12  mm.  at  mid-costa  in  different 
specimens,  not  in  the  same  specimen,  and  that  8  mm.  at 
Diid-costa  corresponds  to  3  at  apices,  12  mm.  to  8  at 
apices.  At  the  fifth  or  sixth  opening  the  hind-wing  tends 
to  open  a  little  before  the  f()re-wing,  separating  from  them 
by  a  millimetre  or  two  in  the  process.  About  the  seventh 
or  eighth  opening,  the  wings  are  seen  to  be  stiffer  than  at 
first,  and  the  apices  are  as  wide  apart  as  the  mid-costae. 
About  the  tenth  the  apices  open  wider  then  the  mid-costae, 


ih,  Google 


340  Dr.  T.  A.  Chapman's  FuTther  NoU^  on 

the  wings  being  stiffer  and  holding  themselves  straighter. 
About  this  time  the  bird-wings  tend  to  be  a  little  separate 
from  the  fore-wings  when  open.  Then  the  fore-winga  open 
but  little  and  the  hind-wings  rather  more.  Gradually  by 
about  fourteenth  opening  the  hind-wings  only  open,  or  the 
fore-wings  hardly  pereeptibly;  gradually  the  separation  of 
the  hind-wings  diminishes,  and  somewhere  about  the  six- 
teenth to  twentieth  alternation  one  may  say  the  process 
has  finished.  When  closed,  the  wings  at  first  close  very 
close  up  to  the  thorax,  their  limpness  causing  no  resbtance 
by  the  further  portion  of  the  wings  to  this  approximation ; 
as  the  wings  get  stiffer  they  do  not  close  so  far  up,  only 
sometimes  for  a  third  or  half-way  from  the  apex.  Later, 
when  the  final  resting  attitude  is  assumed,  they  close 
further  up,  nearly  as  far  as  at  the  first  closing.  One  or 
two  specimens  opened  more  than  the  usual  8  or  I'2  min.. 
one  as  much  as  20  mm.  and  might  fairly  be  described  as 
in  the  bell  attitude. 

Throughout  the  process  the  butterfly  at  inteivala,  with- 
out reference  to  the  wings  being  opened  or  dosed,  makes 
a  shivering  movement,  at  others  rocks  to  and  fro  a  little — 
this  more  frequently  on  closing  the  wings,  and  more  frequent 
in  later  stages— and  makes  a  few  fluttering  movements  of 
the  wings  of  an  amplitude  of  about  05  mm.  All  this  lime 
the  antennae  are  well  separated,  much  as  in  the  mature 
butterfly,  but  are  directed  slightly  behind  a  line  at  right 
angles  to  the  line  of  the  body,  .which  is  reached  by  them 
about  the  time  the  wings  finally  close,  but  do  not  reach  the 
final  somewhat  porrect  position  tiU  an  hour  or  more  after ; 
their  advance  to  this  position  is  gradual  and  impereeptible. 
The  hind-wings  have  the  costae  nearly  level  with  those  of 
the  fore-wings  when  mature,  during  the  opening  and  shut- 
ting movements  they  are  usually  a  millimetre  or  two  behind. 

We  have  here,  though  less  obvious,  just  as  in  P.  rapae, 
an  effort  to  assume  the  Lepidopterous  resting  attitude,  t.  e. 
with  the  wings  flat,  but  as  in  P.  rapae  it  occura  not  after 
the  wings  are  Ary  but  during  their  drjing.  being  as  it  were 
pushed  backwards  in  the  ontogeny. 

Pien's  napi.  The  process  in  napi  is  almost  intermediate 
between  those  of  rapae  and  brassicae,  the  Ml  attitude 
results  from  the  wings  being  depressed  to  an  angle  of  about 
45^  (90^  between  the  opposite  wings)  instead  of  the  90°  of 
rapae  or  the  10^  or  20'^  of  brassicae.  The  details  differ  a 
little,  but  hardly  to  a  degree  worth  full  description. 


ih,Cooi^lc 


recapitulatory  altitudes  in  Lepidopfera.  341 

Ckrysophanus  dispar.  var.  rulilus  emerges  about  9.30  a.m. 
Winga  expand  very  rapidly  in  from  six  to  ten  minutes, 
Ihey  expand  to  butterfly  resting  attitude,  i.e.  wings 
closed  doTsally.  There  then  begins  a  succession  of  what 
must  be  called  opening  and  shutting  the  wings,  though 
the  opening  only  amounts  to  a  separation  of  2  or  3  nun. 
When  closed,  the  wings  (costae)  are  in  contact  for  four- 
fifths  of  their  length,  when  open,  though  the  wings  are 
elsewhere  separated,  the  apices  nmy  in  some  cases  meet. 
They  remain  closed  for  about  thirty  seconds  and  open  for 
forty-five  seconds,  but  the  time  varies  a  little,  for  about 
sixteen  times  in  twenty  minutes  and  then  for  several  times 
more,  but  so  slightly  as  to  be  almost  doubtful,  settling 
down  to  the  distal  two-thirds  of  the  winga  touching  at  the 
end  of  half  an  hour.  About  the  middle  of  the  period  the 
hind-wings  open  from  the  fore-wings,  so  that  their  tips  are 
6  01  7  mm.  apart  during  several  periods  of  being  open. 
Various  minor  details  as  to  movements  of  proboscis  and 
positions  of  antennae  are  not  perhaps  worth  reporting. 

Smeriiithis  populi  and  ocdlalus  only  afforded  me  three 
observations ;  they  have  a  habit,  very  trying  for  this  pur- 
pose, of  emerging  hardly  before  and  usually  a  good  time 
after  midnight.  They  expand  the  wings  into  the  drying 
attitude,  and  then  gradually  and  imperceptibly  open  tbem, 
during  about  half  an  hour,  to  the  oniinary  resting  attitude 
for  the  fore-wing;  the  hind-wing  is  then  only  partially 
advanced  to  show  its  costa,  not  more,  in  fact,  than  is 
compelled  by  its  greater  width ;  they  project  about  7  mm,, 
and  it  is  some  time  before  they  advance  to  show  nearly 
double  this  width. 

It  cannot  be  said,  so  far  as  my  meagre  materials  justify, 
that  these  species  show  any  attempt  to  exhibit  the  normal 
Lepidopterous  resting  position, 

FtUcaria  falcataria  follows  very  closely  the  habits  of  the 
Georaetere,  Epkyras,  Acidalias,  etc.  It  emerges  about  5  to 
5.30  a.m.,  rarely  or  never  after  6.30.  It  expands  the  wings 
under  an  hour,  then  throws  them  back  into  usual  drying 
attitude  with  a  little  sudden  jerk,  remains  so  for  perhaps 
forty  minutes,  then  gradually  lowers  thera,  i.  e.  with  no 
sudden  jerk  to  flat  attitude,  with  inner  margins  against 
body,  J.  e.  to  normal  Geometer  resting  attitude.  Some  speci- 
mens advance  the  fore-wings  gradually  and  veiy  slowly  to 
the  resting  attitude  of  the  species,  i.  e.  exposing  much  of 
the  hind-wings;    others  remain  in  the  triangular  position 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


342  Dr.  T.  A.  Chapman's  Further  Notes  on 

much  longer,  probably  till  period  of  evening  flight  in  moat 
cases. 

Pkalera  bitcepkala.  The  resting  attitude  in  most  Noto- 
donts  is  the  normal  one  with  the  wings  in  pent-house 
position.  In  Inicephala  this  is,  one  may  say,  exaggerated, 
HO  that  the  wings  curl  round  the  body  in  such  a  way  that 
the  costae  of  the  fore-wings  approach  each  other  beneath 
the  insect,  and  the  apices  are  never  more  than  a  few  milli- 
metres apart,  and  may  touch  if  the  object  on  which  the 
moth  rests  permits  or  favours  this. 

The  wings  expand  to  a  position  in  which  their  surfaces 
form  a  flat  arch  over  the  dorsum,  then  they  are  thrown  back 
in  the  usual  way  into  butterfly  attitude.  They  remain  so, 
drying,  for  half  an  hour,  and  are  then  deflexed  to  about 
the  arched  position  to  which  they  expanded,  the  surfaces 
of  the  fore-wings  being  at  an  angle  of  about  1 10°,  the  inner 
margins  in  contact  and  the  apices  25  mm.  apart.  In  about 
an  hour  the  angle  of  the  wing  surfaces  to  each  other  i?  90°, 
and  the  apices  are  only  16  mm.  apart.  The  wings  have 
already  a  little  curvature.  In  another  hour  the  tips  are 
only  9  mm.  apart,  and  in  successive  hours  they  are  noted  as 
6  mm.,  4  mm.  and  3  mm.  apart.  Three  hours  more  they 
are  observed  to  be  touching;  this  movement,  from  the 
rather  flat  pent-house  position,  to  that  of  the  wings  being 
so  curled  round  the  body,  is  gradual,  with  no  actual  move- 
ment observed  at  any  time,  and  would  appear  to  depend 
on  the  gradual  acquirement  by  certain  wing  muscles  of 
the  necessary  tonicity. 

H.  abriiptaria  emerges  in  the  afternoon  about  4  or  5  p.m. 
A  specimen  kept  the  wings  in  ordinary  Geometer  position 
(triangular)  from  5.30  to  7.30,  though  disturbed  once  about 
the  middle  of  this  period.  Ten  minutes  later  (7.40  p.m.) 
it  had  assumed  the  ordinary  resting  attitude  of  the  species 
with  the  fore-wings  advanced, 

T.  consomrria  emerges  about  4  p.m.  An  hour  later  the 
wings  are  expanded  and  the  butterfly  attitude  taken,  and 
in  another  half-hour  they  are  deflexed  to  the  ordinary 
triangular  Geometer  reaiing  position,  which  is  maintained 
for  at  least  two  hours  and  probably  as  a  rule  till  the  time 
of  flight,  but  on  earlier  disturbance  the  usual  resting  posi- 
tion witlt  adva!iced  fore- wings  is  assumed  on  resting  again. 
I  did  not  ascertain  after  how  short  a  period  in  the  triangular 
position  tliis  would  occur. 

.  In  Tephroclifsfis  isoijrammnta  the  wings  were  maintained 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


recapUulaiory  atlilvdes  in  Lepidoptera.  343 

in  the  drying  (butterfly)  attitude  only  twelve  minutes,  and 
were  then  placed  in  the  Geometrid  (deltoid)  position.  Being 
disturbed  some  five  minutes  later,  so  that  it  ran  two  inches, 
it  settled  again  in  the  same  attitude.  The  two  costae  form 
an  angle  of  about  100° ;  an  hour  later  it  was  about  150°, 
and  in  another  hour  the  usual  resting  position  was  attained, 
with  c<ratal  angle  of  190°  to  200°,  i.  e.  with  the  wings  forward 
of  having  the  costae  in  line. 

Selenia  illuslraria.  This  species  differs  8  good  deal  from 
S.  illitnaria  in  its  methixis  of  proceeding  from  wing  expan- 
sion to  the  normal  resting  position.  Though  in  a  warm 
room,  specimens  would  occasionally  be  more  than  half 
an  hour  after  emergence  before  any  sign  of  the  wings 
expanding  could  be  detected.  The  winp  then  expanded 
rather  rapidly,  taking,  however,  usually  about  or  a  httle 
over  thirty-five  minutes  to  expand.  When  expansion  is 
completed  the  wings  hang  backwards,  but  only  the  tips  of 
the  fore-wings  touch  each  other,  not  indeed  always  doing 
BO.  Then  gradually  the  wings  approximate  to  the  butter- 
fly attitude,  that  is,  closely  pressed  together  dorsally,  so 
that  the  costae  are  coincident  for  their  distal  halves. 

The  moth  selects  a  vertical  or,  if  possible,  a  slightly 
overhanging  position  in  which  to  expand,  so  that  now  they 
hang  downwards,  more  or  less,  whilst  in  this  backward 
position.  A  special  feature  is  that  this  dorsal  position  is 
gradually  attained  by  quite  imperceptible  movement,  and 
this  peculiarity  continues  throughout  the  whole  evolution 
from  the  beginning  of  expansion  to  the  attainment  of  the 
normal  resting  position ;  there  is  no  sudden  itiovement  as 
is  so  common,  either  of  throwing  the  wings  back,  or  assum- 
ing the  resting  position.  This  closing  backwards  is  attained 
in  ten  or  fifteen  minutes  after  expansion  is  completed ;  the 
wings  are  kept  ao  for  about  twenty  minutes  and  then  are 
gradually  separated  in  a  minute  or  two  till  the  costa  of 
fore-wings  are  separated  to  an  angle  of  10°  or  15°;  the 
separating  movement  b  continued  in  the  same  gradual, 
haidly  noticeable  manner,  till  in  about  two  more  minutes 
the  angle  is  60°,  in  two  more  90°,  and  in  two  or  three  more 
finally  100°  or  110°.  Usually  the  process  is  rather  slower, 
and  varies  a  good  deal  in  its  rapidity  at  different  stages. 
In  the  position  of  the  moth,  gravity  no  doubt  tends  to 
make  the  wings  hang  directly  backwards ;  nevertheless,  the 
po-sition  of  the  wings  at  this  stage  is  with  the  costae  of 
the  anterior  wings  at  an  angle  with  each  other  of  about 


ih,  Google 


344  Dr.  T.  A.  Chapman's  Further  Notes  on 

120°,  and  of  the  flat  surfaces  of  the  wings  of  about  140"; 
the  costae  not  beiii;;  so  far  advanced  as  to  be  in  a  plane 
transverse  to  the  line  of  the  insect  body,  but  behind  this 
in  a  plane  that  slopes  backwards  from  it  at  a  consider-  - 
able  angle.  This  position,  which  appears  to  represent  the 
memory  of  the  normal  (triangnlar)  resting  attitude  of  Geo- 
meters, may  last  about  thirty  minutes,  and  in  another 
thirty  minutes  the  wings  close  again  doreally  to  a  costal 
angle  of  about  45°.  At  thus  point  the  costae  of  the  fore- 
and  hind-wings  on  either  side  are  nearly  coincident. 

In  the  same  gradual  imperceptible  way  in  which  the 
other  movements  occur,  the  fore-wings  advance  from  the 
hind-wings.  Measured  from  costa  to  costa  at  the  post- 
discal  line  it  takes  about  two  hours  for  the  fore-wings  to 
be  3  mm.  in  advance  of  the  hind-wings,  the  fore-  and 
hind-wings  being  still  in  the  same  plane.  Then,  still 
very  gifldually,  the  fore-wings  assume  the  curious  bend  in 
a  line  below  vein  2  that  characterises  the  ordinaiy 
resting  attitude  of  the  species,  the  inner  part  of  the  wing 
being  in  the  same  plane  with  and  close  against  the  hind- 
wing,  the  greater  (costal)  portion  being  raised  at  a  con- 
siderable angle.  At  the  end  of  another  hour  oue  may 
think  this  attitude  is  attained,  at  the  end  of  two  one  has 
no  doubt  it  is.  All  the  progress  and  the  movements 
involved  are  so  gradual  and  imperceptible  that  it  is  difficult 
to  divide  them  into  stages  and  say  when  each  is  complete. 

Itliislraria  emerges  in  the  morning  about  6.30  to  7.30 
a.m. 

Ennomos  lunaria.  The  wings  are  thrown  back  when 
expanded,  and  some  ten  minutes  later  and  when  appar- 
ently dry  are  opened  gradually,  so  that  in  about  six  minutes 
they  nearly  approach  a  flat  position,  instead  of  180°  (flat), 
between  the  two  fore-wings  they  are  about  160°  or  170°. 
In  some  ten  minutes  the  angle  diminishfes  to  that  of  norma! 
resting,  perhaps  80°,  but  there  is  still  no  angulation  of  fore- 
wing,  and  the  hind-wing  is  only  3  or  4  mm,  behind 
fore-wing.  The  complete  resting  attitude  with  fore-wit^ 
advanced  and  with  the  longitudinal  fold  is  not  attained 
till  an  hour  or  two  later.  1  see  that  in  one  specimen  I 
noted  the  wings  were  opened  till  quite  Sat;  in  another 
they  did  not  get  quite  as  far,  but  I  did  not  note  the  angle. 
The  costae  of  fore-wings  made  an  angle  of  90°,  but  the  wing 
surfaces  were  much  more. 

Fidohia  pinUiria  cniei^os  C  to  8  a.m.    The  wings  expand 


J,.,  Cookie 


recapUukUory  atlitudes  in  Lepidoplera.  345 

to  the  dor»al  (butterfly)  position  in  about  twenty  minutes; 
in  about  (en  minutea  more  they  are  gradually  separated, 
80  that  in  two  or  three  minutes  the  wings  are  separated  so 
that  the  apices  are  some  18  mm.  apart,  the  an^le  between 
the  wings  being  about  40°.  They  remain  thus  for  about 
six  or  seven  minutes,  the  wings  appearing  to  be  quite  dry 
and  stiif.  They  then  gradually  close,  at  the  rate  of  about 
ImiD.(foreachwing)aminute,  andin  ten  or  twelve  minutes 
the  butterfly  attitude  (the  normal  resting  attitude  of 
piniaria)  is  reached,  to  appearance,  but  they  arc  not  tightly 
closed  for  ten  or  twenty  more  minutes.  The  whole  process 
is  gone  through  very  rapidly  (compared  with  most  other 
species).  After  the  wings  are  dry  they  are  separated,  but 
not  widely,  so  that  the  reminiscence  of  the  flat  deltoid 
attitude,  though  still  present,  is  comparatively  brief  and 
slighf.  The  process  reminds  one  of  that  obtaining  in  the 
butterflies,  but  the  important  difference  is  that  it  takes 
place  after,  not  during  drying;  also,  of  course,  it  is  one, 
not  a  succession  of  movements. 

iS,  illunaria  and  F.ptniaria  both  have  a  normal  resting 
attitude  similar  to  that  of  the  butterflies,  with  the  wings 
raised  over  the  back ;  but  the  reminiscence  of  the  ordinary 
Geometrid  attitude  which  they  display,  in  the  interval 
between  the" completion  of  the  drying  of  the  wings  and  the 
assumption  of  their  resting  attitude,  two  attitudes  that  are 
identical  and  that  one  would  expect  to  find  continuous,  is 
curiously  different  in  the  two  species.  In  both  species, 
however,  the  reminiscence  is  there. 

In  the  Etudes  de  Lepidopterologie  Comparee,  Fasc.  V  (n), 
p.  115,  Mr.  H.  Powell  records  how  St/ricklkus  mohammed, 
Obthr.,  having  expanded  its  wings  in  the  closed  ("  butter- 
fly") attitude,  depresses  them  to  the  CJeometrid  or  tri- 
angular position,  and  gives  photographs  on  PI.  Hj,  Fasc. 
VI  and  PI.  Hb,  Fasc.  V  (n)  and  of  S.  proto  on  PI.  27, 
Fasc.  VII.  He  says  this  position  is  kept  for  only  a  short 
period.  In  complete  repose  the  wings  are  closed  in  butter- 
fly attitude ;  when  basking,  the  depressed  wings  have  the 
costae  ftt  right  angles  to  the  body ;  when  resting  briefly 
the  fore-wings  are  well  raised.  This  merely  summarises  a 
valuable  demonstration  that  the  recapitulatory  attitude  is 
very  manifest  in  Syrichthus.  In  this  habit  the  "  Skipper" 
appears  to  be  nearer  the  Helerocera  than  to  the  butterflies. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


(    346    ) 


XIII.  A  PreHminary  CtUalogtie  of  Bntisk  Cecidomyidae 
(Diptera)  u>ih  special  reference  to  the  Gail-midges 
oflhe  North  of  England.  By  Richard  S.  Bagnall, 
F.L.S.,  and  J.  W.  Heslop  Harrison,  D.Sc. 

(Read  H&y2Dd.  19170 

For  many  years  tbe  Cecidomi/idae,  a  family  of  Diptera, 
familiar  enough  to  naturalists  in  a  cursory  sort  of  way 
(because  it  embraces  the  little  flies  known  as  "  Gall- 
midges  "),  has  been  neglected  by  British  entomologists,  in 
spite  of  its  extent  and  great  economic  importance. 

Of  its  members  a  considerable  proportion  are  purely 
gall- causers,  each  producing  its  particular  gall  on  its 
host-plant  or  plants.  These  galls  are  characteristic  of  the 
species  and  are  therefore  part  of  its  specific  characters,  but, 
unhke  many  such  distinctions,  they  can  be  thoroughly 
relied  upon  as  a  means  of  determining  the  species.  They 
are  not,  as  many  entomologists  unacquainted  with  their 
stability  think,  unworthy  of  consideration;  such  an 
opinion  simply  displays  ignorance  on  the  part  of  its 
holder. 

Any  one  taking  up  the  study  of  the  group  in  real 
earnest  will  soon  find  that  many  do  not  fall  into  the 
categorj-  of  genuine  gall-makers.  Their  modes  of  life  are 
exceedingly  varied,  and  thereby  render  the  subject  the 
more  interesting.  Some  feed  as  larvae  under  bark,  in 
decaying  wood,  in  stems  of  grasses,  sedges,  fungi  and 
mosses;  others,  again,  find  their  food  in  epiphytic  fungi 
such  as  rusts,  smuts  and  mildews.  We  find  still  more 
figuring  as  commensals  and  inquilines  in  the  galls  of 
Cynijiiiiae,  Gall-midges  and  other  insects,  and  also  of  the 
Gall-mites  (Eriophyidae).  whibt  others  have  larvae  ecto- 
parasitic  or  predatory-  on  Aphididae,  and  Eriophrid  and 
other  mites.  Of  the  remainder,  a  small  number  are 
Endoparasites,  the  larvae  li\*ing  in  the  abdomens  of  certain 
Hemiptera  {Aphkh'dae.  PsyUidae  and  Tingidae). 

Some  of  the  Lcxtreminne,  Uke  those  of  the  genus  Miaslor, 
reproduce  their  kind  bv  paedogenesis.  and  are  of  extreme 
TRAMS.  EKT.  SOC.  LONO."  1917.— PABTS  II,  lO,  IV.      (MAY  '18) 


ih,Cooi^lc 


MeasTS.  Bagnall  and  Harrison's  British  Cecidomt/idae.    347 

importaDce  in  biology  as  suitable  subjects  for  studying  the 
early  segregation  of  germ-ceLs. 

There  is  no  excuse  for  our  naturalists  to  continue  this 
systematic  neglect  of  the  group.  Houard  (1908-X913) 
includes  descriptions  of  all  the  then-known  Cecidomyid 
galls  of  the  western  section  of  the  Falaearctic  area  in  his 
great  work  on  the  Zoocecidia.  Furthermore,  there  has 
been  in  recent  years  a  steady  Sow  of  literature  as  the 
result  of  the  researches  of  continental  entomologists  such 
as  Kieffer,  Trotter,  Tavares  and  Rubsaamen.  The  first- 
named  author's  monograph  in  Wytsman's  "  Genera 
Insectorum "  (fasc.  152),  which  appeared  in  1913,  will, 
with  the  fine  productions  of  Dr.  Felt,  in  America,  form 
the  groundwork  of  much  further  work.  Lastly,  an 
Itahan  periodical,  "  Marcellia,"  edited  by  Prof.  Trotter, 
keeps  one  up  to  date  with  new  researches. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  in  the  Cectdoniyidae  we  have  a 
group  not  only  displaying  abundant  and  varied  interest  in 
its  biology,  but  one  provided  with  a.  Uterature  unusually 
rich  for  a  "  neglected  order." 

During  the  past  three  seasons  we  have  devoted  much 
of  our  leisure  in  this  fascinating  study  and  with  consider- 
able success.  We  have  therefore  been  tempted  to  publish 
the  present  list  as  a  record  of  our  labours  and  as  a  basis 
tor  future  work  and  workers.  We  have  included  references 
to  (a)  original  descriptions  of  genera  and  species,  (6)Kieffer's 
1913  Monograph,  and  {c)  to  Swanton  and  Houard  as  far 
as  Gall-midges  are  concerned,  quoting  only  the  authors' 
Dumbering  of  the  gall.  In  addition  we  have  appended 
an  index  to  the  host-plants.  Owing  to  the  fact  that 
Connold's  works  on  galls  are  very  far  from  complete,  and 
also  because  Swanton  supersedes  them,  we  have  not 
deemed  it  necessary  to  refer  to  that  author. 

Soon  we  hope  to  prepare  a  book  on  British  Zoocecidia, 
and  later,  when  we  have  bred  out  and  studied,  as  far  as 
our  Umitations  will  allow,  the  hfe  histories  of  the  insects, 
we  shall,  in  all  "probability,  proceed  with  a  more  elaborate 
monograph  of  the  Cecidomyida.  It  is,  then,  for  these 
reasons  that  we  characterise  this  as  a  "  preliminary  "  hst. 

The  species  noted  from  the  north  of  England,  c.  g.  from 
the  counties  of  Northumberland,  Durham,  Cumberlind, 
Westmoreland,  Lancashire,  Cheshire  and  Yorkshire,  are 
shown  in  heavy  type.  Species  not  yet  reported  from  that 
area  are  shown  in  italics,  whilst  those  ascribed   to  older 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


318     MesBiB.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  HamBon's 

authors  and  requiring  confirmation  (see  italicised  names  in 
Collin,  1904)  are  enclosed  in  square  brackets.  Although 
most  of  Walker's  species  are  capable  of  being  correctly 
assigned  to  Kiefier's  genera,  as  species  they  are  insufficiently 
defined  and  thus  unrecognisable  by  students;  they  are 
therefore  neglected  here. 

By  keeping  in  close  touch  with  each  other  we  have  been 
able  to  dupbcate  the  records  of  very  many  of  the  most 
interesting  occurrences;  in  fact,  the  wealth  of  records  is 
a  welcome  feature.  Except  where  a  name  is  added  all 
records  are  our  own;  outside  the  Northumberland  and 
Durham  area  the  first-named  author  is  almost  entirely 
responsible  for  the  records  from  Lancashire  and  Cheshire 
(see  Bagnall,  1917-1),  and  the  few  from  Cumberland  and 
Westmoreland,  and  from  Redcar  and  Leeds,  whibt  the 
second-named  author  is  similarly  responsihle  for  the 
Cleveland  area,  Yorkshire.  We  also  add  Mr.  Burkill's 
Yorkshire  records  (Burkill,  1916,  1917). 

An  asterisk  in  the  main  list  denotes  species  not  shown 
in  the  hste  of  Colhn,  1904,  and  Swanton,  1912. 


CONTENTS 


L    Classified  List  of  British  Cecidomyids  with 

North  of  England  Records  .         .     pp.  348-41 1 
II.    Check  list  of  named  species  .     pp.  411-417 

III.  Index  to  Host-plants  .         •     PP-  417-422 

IV.  Literature ;  references  in  brief         ,     pp.  4'i2— 426 

I.  Classified  Llst  of  British  Cecidomvidae  with 
North  of  Enoland  Records. 
Subfamily  CECIDOMYINAE. 
Group  Lasiopterariab. 
CUnorrhyncha  H.  Loew,  1850,  p.  21. 
•1.  C.  ohrywmtheml  H.  Loew,  1850,  p.  39;   Kieffer,  1913-2, 
p.  19. 
Affecting  achenes  of  Matricaria  inodora  and  AtUhemis 
Coinla.    See  Houard,  5722  and  SGO.'J. 

Records  from  all  counties  excepting  Westmoreland. 


ih,Cooi^lc 


Prdiminary  Caialogue  of  British  Ceddomyidae.     349 

«2.  C.  mUfcloUi  Wachtl,  1884,  p.  161 ;  Eiefier,  1913-2, 
p.  20. 

Ailecting  acheaes  of  Achillea  MiOefolium  and  more  rarely 
A.  Ptarmica.    See  Houard,  5672  and  5701. 

More  sparing  than  C.  chrymrUhemi ;  records  from  all 
counties  excepting  Lancashire  and  Weslmoreland. 

*3.  C.  leDUDtbeml  Kieffer  {chrysanthemi  Scbiner  non  H. 
Loew),  1889-1,  p.  285;   Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  20. 

Affecting  achenes  of  Chrysanthemum  Lewanthemiim. 
Houard,  5726. 

NoRTBUHBERLAND,  Whitfield,  Durham,  Birtley  dis- 
trict, Fatfield.     Also  from  Scotland. 

Trolteria  (for  ChoriMoneura  (praeocc.)  Riibs.)  Kieffer, 

1901-1,  p.  561. 

*4.  T.  lalU  Riibaaamen,  1912-1,  p.  376;  Kieffer,  1913-2, 

p.  22. 

Gall  on  Gaiium  verum,  =  Cecidomyid  sp.,  Houard,  5290. 

Lancashire,  several,  in  a  field  near  Ainsdale.     North- 

UUBBRLAND,  Bamburgh  and  Warkworth,  not  rare.  Durham, 

Blackball  Rocks,  three  examples  only.    Also  from  Scotland. 

*5.  T.  svoUuunnl  Kieffer,  1890-1,  p.  136  (Lasioptera); 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  22. 

Galling  seed-pods  of  broom.     Houard,  3411. 

Northumberland,  near  Ovingham;  and  Durham,  Gib- 
side;  rare,  lane  between  Rowley  and  Lancbester;  Birtley. 

•5a.  T.    nmlMUUerarnin   Kieffer,   1913-1,    p.   47;    1913-2, 
p.  22. 
On  An^riscus. 
Durham,  Gunnergate. 

Usioptera  Meigen,  1818,  p.  88. 

6.  L.  alinpennis  Meigen,  1804,  p.  40  (Cecidmnyia) ;  Kieffer, 

1913-2,  p.  31, 

7.  L.   anindlnU  Schiner,    1854,  p.    175;   Kieffer,   1913-2, 

p.  31. 

GaUing  Phragmites  communis.  Swanton,  49;  Houard, 
241. 

Northumberland,  Warkworth.  Durham,  Bilhngbam. 
trans,  ent.  soc,  lond.  1917. — part*  ii,  hi,  IV.  (may  '18)  aa 


ih,Googlc 


350     Messrs.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison's 

•8.  L.  eaUnugrostldis  Riibsaamen,  1893,  p.  164;  Kieffer, 
1913-2,  p.  31. 

On  Pkalaris  arundinacea. 

NoRTHUMBEKLAND,  Warkwortt.  Durham,  Birtley  and 
Gibside. 

•9.  L.  earopUla  F.  Loew,  1874,  p.  149;  Kieffer,  1913-2, 
p.  31. 

Abroad  this  midge  galls  many  species  of  Umbelliferae. 

Durham,  Wolviaton  on  Antkriscus,  and  Penshaw  Hill 
on  PimpineUa  Saxifraga.  Not  recorded  from  the  AnthTteciK 
in  Houard. 

10.  L.  rubi  Heeger,  1851,  p.  203;  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  32. 

Galling  stems  of  Ruhvs.  Swanton,  478,  483  and  489; 
Houard,  2964,  2976  and  3024. 

NoRTHUMBEBLANn,  Warkworth,  not  uncommon.  Dur- 
ham, on  bramble,  Ryliope;  Tinkler  Fell;  Birtley.  York- 
shire, Nunthorpe. 

*11.  Lirioptsra  ap.  RUbsaamen;  Schlechtendal. 
Molinia  caerulea,  stem.     Houard,  251. 
Durham,  near  Lanchester, 

Baldratia  Kieffer,  1897-3,  p.  6;  1913-2,  p.  24. 
*12.  B.  salicornlae  Kieffer,  1897-3,  p.  7;  1913-2,  p.  26. 
On  Saliaymia  radtcans.    See  Houard,  2240, 
Durham,  Greatham. 

Steranlella  Kieffer,  1898-2,  p.  55;  1913-2,  p.  28. 
*13.  S.  brevipalpis  Kieffer,  1898-2,  p.  53;  1913-2,  p.  29. 
On  Alriphx  {OUone)  porttihcoides.    Houard,  2224. 
Durham,  Greatham. 


Group  Oligotrophariae. 
[Meoeerata  Coquillett,  1900,  p.  47.t 
•13a.  [H.rhodoph«a Coquillett,  1900,p.47;  Kieffer,  1913-2, 
p.  41. 

■f  Felt  sinks  thiansanynonym  ot /)(i«yneura  (=  Perritia). 


ih,Cooi^lc 


Prdiminary  Catalogue  of  British  Ceddomyidae.      351 

Northumberland,  examples  taken  in  the  buds  of 
cultivated  rosea  at  Ninebanks  are  possibly  referable  to 
tbis  species. 

Rhopslomylk  RubBaamen,  1892,  p.  370. 

14.  R.  mUlerolU   (achilleae  Inchb,    I860)  H.  Loew,  1850, 

p.  37  (Cecidomyia);  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  44. 

Gallfi  on  Achillea  Millefolium  and  more  rarely  on  A. 
Plarmica.  Swanton,  815,  816,  817,  818  and  823,  824; 
Houard,  5673,  5680,  56a5,  5691. 

Northumberland  and  Durham,  sparingly  but  widely 
distributed.    Lancashire,  once  only,  near  Ainsdale. 

15.  B.   UiUMtiMla   Karsch,   1879,   p.   27   (Oligofropkvs) ; 

Kiefter,  1913-2,  p.  44. 

Somewhat  similar  galls  on  Tanacetiim  milgare.  Swanton, 
830,  831,  832-,  Houard,  5750,  5752,  5754. 

Northumberland,  near  Chathill;  Warkworth.  Dur- 
ham, several  records  for  the  Wear  and  Team  valleys. 

Hisopatba  Kieffer,  1913-1,  p.  48. 
•16.  M.    tloram     Kieffer,    1890-3,    p.    37     {Ceddomyia); 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  45. 
On  Artemisia  vulgaris.    Houard,  5817. 
Durham,  between  Lambton  and  Cox  Green ;  Greatbam 
and  Port  Clarence. 

17.  M.   [oUoram    H.    Loew,    1850,    p.    36   (Cecidtmyia) ; 

Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  45. 

On  Artemisia  vulgaris  and  Abrotanum.  Colhn  {1904,  p. 
94}  pla«es  abrotani  of  Trail  (1886,  p.  250}  as  a  synonym  of 
this  species.     Swanton,  834  ;  Houard,  5824. 

Northumberland,  Budle  Bay.  Durham,  Billingham; 
Birtley. 

18.  H.    ptarmJoae    Vallot    {forica    Winn),    1849,    p.    98 

(Ceddomyia);   Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  46. 
On  Achillea  MiUefolium  and  A.  Ptarmica.    Swanton,  813, 
814  and  822;  Houard.  5676,  5681  and  5706. 
Sparingly,  all  counties  excepting  Cheshire. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


352     Messrs.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison's 

*19.  H.  sfDgsnosiae  H.  Loew,  1850,  p.  39  {Cecidomyia); 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  46. 

On  Anihetnia  CUuUt  and  Matricaria  inodora.  Houard, 
5666  and  5723. 

Apparently  widely  distributed ;  records  from  all  counties. 

AreeoUiomyia  Kieffer,  1913-1,  p.  49. 
•20.  A.    valeril    Tavares,    1906,    p.    299    {Rho^paimnyia); 
KieSer,  1913-2,  p.  48. 

On  Juniperus  communis.  Houard  (supplement).  6277 
(see  H.  135). 

Lancashire  and  Westmoreland,  Hampsfelt  and  Meat- 
hop  Fell  near  Grange -over- Sands.  The  species  was  origin- 
ally described  from  the  Mediterranean  on  Junipems 
oxycedrus,  but  in  1912  Cotte  recorded  it  from  France  on 
the  common  Juniper, 

OUgotropbus  Latreille,  1805,  p.  288-1 

21.  0.  Junlperinus  Unn4.  1758,  p.  588;   Kiefler,  1913-2, 

p.  49. 

On  Juniperus  communis.    Swanton,  11;  Houard,  129. 

Durham,     near     Chester-le-Street.     Lancashire     and 

Westmoreland,  Grange-over-Sands  district. 

*22.  0.  pantoli  Kieffer,  1898,  p.  18;  Kieffer,  1913-2.  p.  49. 

On  Juniperus  communis,  known  throughout  Europe. 
Houard,  126. 

Lancashire  and  West.moreland,  Grange-over-Sands 
district,  locally  common. 

*23.  Oligotrophus  sp.    Riibssamen  and  others. 
On  Juniperus  communis.     Houard,  125. 
Lancashire,  Hampsfell  near  Grange-over-Sands,' rare. 

*24.  0.  alopecuri  Rent..  1895,  p.  3;  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  50. 

In  seeds  of  Alopecurus  pralensis. 

Cheshire,  Chester.  Miss  Ormerod,  1885,  p.  32.  See 
Supplemental  Note,  Collin,  1904,  p.  97.  Northumber- 
land and  Durham,  locally  common. 

t  0.  jitniperinus,  0.  'panltli  ftnd  another  Juniper  species  truly 
belong  tu  tliiH  (icnuH  as  now  Ijmiled,  but  all  otlier  species  ate  placed 
here  temporarily  pending  further  research. 


ll,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


Prdiminary  Cataloffue  of  British  Ceddwntpdae.      353 

25.  0.  humrius  Breroi,  1847,  p.  52  (Cecidomyia) ;  Kieffer, 

1915-2,  p.  50. 
Galling  leaves  of  Glechoma  hederacea,    Swaaton,  706; 
Houard,  4809. 
Records  from  all  counties. 

*26.  0.  [agineus  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  7  (gall) ;  1913-2,  p.  50. 

Leaves  of  Fagvs,  parenchymatous  gall,  =  Cecidomyid. 
Houard,  1156. 

Northumberland,  rare,  Warkworth.  Durham,  Lamb- 
ton  ;  Gibside.    Yorkshire,  Leeds. 

*27.  OUKotropbus  sp,     Kiibsaamen,  Trotter, 

A  very  distinctive  gall  on  beech  leaves,  previously  only 
known  h^m  Russia  and  Asia  Minor.     Houard,  1157. 

Northumberland,  Ninebanks  (Rev.  J.  E.  Hull). 

•28.  0.  harUgi  Liebel,  1892,  p.  283  (Hormomyia) ;  Kieffer, 
1913-2,  p.  50. 

Leaves  of  TUia,  parenchymatous  gall;  local. 

Northumberland,  Warkworth  and  Ovingham,  sparingly. 
Durham,  Gibside,  local ;  Castle  Elden  Dene.  Cumberland, 
near  Alston.  Lancashire,  Grange-over-Sands.  York- 
shire, Leeds. 

*28a.  O.  loewlinos  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  4;  1913-2,  p.  50. 
On  Carex  arenarius. 
Northumberland,  Warkworth. 

*29.  O.  rMumnrianus  F.  Loew,t  1878,  p.  387  {Hormomyia} ; 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  50. 

An  interesting  gall  on  leaves  of  Tilia  spp. 

Yorkshire,  Gunnergate,  on  one  tree  only.  Also  re- 
corded by  Mr.  Burkill  from  W.  Gloucestershire. 

*30.  O.  tympanUex  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  6  (gall);  1913-2,  p.  50. 

In  leaves  of  Corylus,  parenchymatous  gall,  =  Cecido- 
myid, Houard,  1061. 

Local,  though  apparently  widely  distributed ;  records 
from  all  counties. 

t  Referable  to  the  genua  Didyomj/ia  Biibsaamen,  characterised  by 
Kieffer  oa  insufficientTy  described. 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


354     Meaars.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison's 

•31.  0.  ulml  Kiefler,  1909,  p.  31  (gal!  and  larva);  1913-2, 
p.  50. 

In  leaves  of  Ulmvs  campeslm  and  V.  montana, 
parenchymatous  gall,  =  Cecidomyid,  Houard,  2046  and 
2064. 

Also  widely  distributed;  records  from  all  counties 
excepting  Westmoreland.     Very  plentiful  in  1917. 

PhyotidobU  Kieffer,  1912-1,  p.  220. 
32.  P.  soltnsi  Kieffer,  1906,  p.  179  (Oligotrophus) ;  1913-2, 

p.  51. 
Galls  on  leaves  of  Viburnum  LanJanu.    Swanton,  774; 
Houard,  5349. 

MlkomyU  Kieffer,  1912-2,  p.  2. 
•33.  H.    ooryU     Kieffer,    1901-2,    p.    22     {Oli^rophua): 
1913-2,  p.  52. 
On  leaves  of  Corylus.    Houard,  1060. 
Rare ;  records  from  all  counties  excepting  Westmoreland. 

Semudobla  Kieffer,  1913-1,  p.  55. 
•34.  S.    belulae     Winnertz,    1853,    p.    234    {Ceddomyia); 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  52. 

Galling  fruit  of  Befwio.  Houard,  1067.  Note:  Swanton 
suggests  that  the  species  recorded  by  Bionie  and  Connold 
(=  Cecidomyid,  Houard,  1068)  may  be  this  species.  The 
following  records  excepting  one  are  of  Houard,  1067, 

Northumberland,  Crag  Lough  (H.  1068).'  Durham, 
several  records.  Lancashire,  Freshfield,  Cheshire,  Bid- 
ston.    Yorkshire,  Eston. 

Itaomyla  Kieffer,  1913-1,  p.  55. 
35.  1.    cai^eafl    Winnertz,    1853,    p.    291    {Cecidomyid) ; 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  55. 
Leaves  of  Salix  Caprea  and  others. 
Not  uncommon ;  records  from  all  counties. 

•36.  I.  malor   Kieffer,   1898-2,  p.  22  {Olif/.  capreae,  vat. 
tnaj&r);  1913-2,  p.  55. 
Rarer  than  capreae;  our  records  are  from  SdUx  atirila 
only. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


Preliminary  Cataioffae  of  BrUish  Cexndomyidae.      355 

Durham,  Waldridge,  Hart  and  Easington ;  rare. 
Lancashire,  Ainsdale.  Yorkshire,  Redcar ;  Leeda  district. 

Janetlella  Kiefier,  1898-2,  p.  23. 
37.  J.  tomeei  Kieffer,  1904,  p.  71  {Oligotropkus);  1913-2, 
p.  59. 
Gall  on  midrib  and  nerves  of  Vlmvs  nu»Uana.    Swanton, 
300;  Houard,  2061.     A  very  local  species. 

Northumberland,  Stocksfield  and  Ovingham  (H.  S. 
Wallace) ;  Warkworth.  Durham,  Winlaton  Mill ;  dene 
near  Fencehonses ;  Urpeth.  Lancashire,  Grange-over- 
Sands.     Yorkshire,  Bardsey,  near  Leeds. 

Specimens  were  taken  at  Warkworth  on  U.  cantpeslris 
and  U.  suberosa  also. 

•38.  J.  thyml  Kieffer,  1888,  p.  100  (CecicUmyia) ;  1913-2, 
p.  59. 

On  Thymus.    Houatd,  4912  and  4917. 

Records  from  all  countiea  excepting  Cheshire  and  York- 
shire. 

•39.  J.  thymlcola  Kieffer,  1888,  p.  102  {Cmdomyia); 
1913-2,  p.  59. 

Also  on  Thymus,  gall  hke  preceding,  but  pilose.  Houard, 
4921. 

Northumberland,  Seahouaea,  Warkworth,  Crag  Lough. 
Durham,  near  Sunderland,  rare.  Lancashiee  and  West- 
moreland, Grange-over- Sands  district.  Also  from  Scot- 
land. 

•40.  J.  (ubercoli  Rubsaamen,  1889,  p.  61  .f 
GalUng  stem  of  broom  {Sarotkamntis).     Houard,  34:J4. 
Northumberland  and   Durham,   Derwent  banks   be- 
tween Esperehields  and  Edmiindbyers ;  and  Durham,  in 
a  lane  between  Newbiggin  and  Rowley,  not  common. 

•41.  JanetleUa  sp.     Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-2,  p.  207. 
On  Thymus. 
Durham,  Stanhope  and  Penshaw  Hill. 

1  KiefTcr,  1913-2,  unless  it  is 


u,y,l,/eJh,C00glc 


356     Messrs.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  HarrisoD's 

ZyioUa  Kieffer,  1913-1,  p.  55. 

42.  Z.  carpini  F.  Loew,  1874,  pp.  157  and  322  {Cecidomyia) ; 

Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  60. 
Galling  leaf  of  Carpinus.    Swanton,  211 ;  Houaid,  1045- 

Craneiobla  Kieffer,  1913-1,  p.  55. 

43.  C.  comi  Giraud,  1863,  p.  1301  (Cecidomyia) ;  Kieffer, 

1913-2,  p.  60. 
Gall   on   Cornus   sanguinea.     Swanton,    672;   Houaid, 
4543. 

Phegobia  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  61. 

*44.  P.  tonulella  Bremi,  1847,  p.  13  {Cecidomyia) ;  Kie&ei, 

1913-2,  p.  61. 

A  glabrous  gall   (like  that  of  the  common  Harligida 

annulipes)  on  the  upper  surface  of  leaf  of  Fagua,  =  Houard, 

1154. 

Northumberland  and  Durham,  several  records.  Cum- 
berland, Alston. 

HayetloU  Kieffer,  1896-1,  p.  89. 
^45.  H.  aveiuw  Marchal,  1895,  p.  272  (Cecidomyia);  KieSer, 
1913-2,  p.  62. 
Gall,  stem  of  Avena  Jatva.    See  Houard,  223  {Avma 
saliva). 
Yorkshire,  Nunthorpe. 

*46.  M.  dac^lldis  Kieffer,  1896-2,  p.  217;  1913-2,  p.  62. 
Gall,  stem  of  Daciylis  glomeraia.    Houard,  258. 
Durham,  banks  of  the  Wear  neat  Penshaw. 

47.  H.  destructor  Sav,  1817,  p.  45  iCecidotnyia) ;  Kieffer, 

1913-2,  p.  62. 
On  Hordeum  imlgare.    Houard,  346. 
Durham,  Penshaw. 

48.  M.  hold  Kieffer,  1896-2,  p.  333;  1913-2,  p.  62. 

On  Holcxis  hnatm,  stem,     Swanton,  46;  Houard,  215. 

Northumberland,  Seahouses,  once  only;  Warkworth. 
Durham,  Birtley,  Gibside,  Edmondsley.  Lancashire, 
liftthom. 


ih,Cooi^lc 


Prdiminary  Catalogue  of  British  Cecidom^idae.      357 

•49.  H.  Jouinld  Kieffer,  1896-2,  p.  116;  1913-2,  p.  62. 

Gall,  stein  of  Poa  nemoraUi.     Houard,  263. 

North  CM  BERLAND,  Warkworth.  Dukham,  between 
Wolviaton  and  Billingham.  Lancashire,  Grange-over- 
Sands. 

*50.  BL  ventrieoU  Riibaaameii,  1899,  p.  566  (Oligotrophm); 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  62. 

On  MoHnia  caerutm.     Houard.  249. 

Northumberland,  between  Whitfield  and  Langley. 
Lancashire  (Grimshaw).     Yorkshire,  on  all  the  Cleveland 

•51.  H.  hardel  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  9  {gall)t;  Kieffer,  1913-2, 
p.  62. 

On  Hordeum  vulgare,  =  Cecidorayid,  Houard,  347. 
Durham,  between  Vigo  and  Birtley. 

*52.  MsyeUota  sp.     Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-3,  p.  228. 
On  Bromtis  erectile. 
Durham,  Gibside. 

Chortomyla  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  63. 
53.  C.    bellwlgl    Rubsaanicn,    1912,    p.    217     (Poomyia); 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  63. 
On     stems,     Bmckypodiums  sylraiicum,  =  Cecidoniyid, 
Swan  ton.  62,  and  Houard,  297. 

Northumberland,  Warkworth,  local.  Durham,  Pen- 
shaw,  Ryhope,  Easington,  and  Horden.  locally  common. 
Lancashjre,  Grange- over- Sands,  probably  not  rare.  York- 
shire, Leeds  district. 

*o-l.  C.  moUnlae  Rubsaamen,  189">,  p.  180  (Oligolropkus); 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  63. 
On  Molinia  caenileti.     Houard,  250. 
Durham,  Birtley  Fell.     Che.shire,  Bidston  Hill. 

55.  C.  poae  Bosc,   1817,  p.    133   (Ceddomyia);    Kieffer, 
1913-2,  p.  63. 
On  Poa  nemoralis.    Swanton,  50;  Houard,  264. 
t  The  generic  position  of  thia  Bpocies  is  not  yet  oerUin. 

u,y,l,7rJM,G00glc 


358     Meflsrs.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison's 

NoHTBUMBERLAND,  Warkwoith.  DuBHAH,  Pciishaw, 
Birtley,  Gibside.  Cumberland,  Alston.  Lancashire, 
Grange  -o  ver-  Sands . 

•56.  C.  ndletflca  Rubaaamen,  1895,  p.  179  {OligolrophM) ; 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  63. 

On  Poa  nemoTcdis.    Houard,  265. 

Northumberland,  Ovingham  and  Langlev  Woods 
(H.  S.  Wallace).  Durham,  Ryhope  (H.  8.  Wallace); 
Fenshaw  and  Blackhall  Rocks.  Cumberland,  Nentbead 
(H.  S.  Wallace). 

Cystiphon  Kiefler,  1892,  p.  212. 
*57.  C.    hleracU    F.    Loew,    1874,    p.    145    (CecMfoniyifl); 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  64. 
On  Hieracium  ap.,  apparently  very  rare. 
Durham,  Hylton.     Lanc;ashibe,  Ainsdale,  and  West- 
moreland, Ravenstondale. 

•58.  C.  (anxaci  Kieffer,  1888,  p.  98;  1913-2,  p.  64. 

On  Taraxacum  officinale,  very  local  and  rare.  Houard, 
6090. 

Northumberland,  coast  near  Hamburgh ;  Warkworth. 
Durham,  Blackhall  Rocks;  Pcnphaw.  once  only.  Cumber- 
land, Alston.   Lancashire,  Grange-over-Sands,  once  only. 

•59.  C.  leonlodontis  Kieffer,  1909,  p,  14  (gall) ;  1913-2,  p.  64. 

On  Leemtodon  hispidum.    Houard,  6053. 

Northumberland,  Warkworth.  Durham,  very  local, 
Fenshaw  and  Washington. 

•60.  C.  pllosellae  Kieffer,  1892,  p.  213;  1913-2,  p.  64. 

On  Hieracium  Pihsella.     Houard,  6207. 

Very  local ;  records  from  all  counties  excepting  Cheshire. 

61.  C.  sonchi  F.  Loew,  187.5,  p.  18  {Ceddotnyia) ;  Kieffer, 
1913-2,  p.  64. 
On  Sonckus  arven^.    Swanton,  880;  Houard,  6100. 
Northumberland,  abundant  in  N.E.  Northumberland; 
Ovingham.     Lancashire,  Ainsdale,  one  plant  only.    Also 
Stirlinosribe,  very  common. 


ih,Cooi^lc 


Preliminary  Catalogue  of  British  Cecidomyidae.  359 
•62.  (^slipbora  sp.   Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1916  (iv),  p.  248. 

On  Hf/poehoeris  radicata.    Apparently  a  new  species. 

NoBTHU-MBERLAND,  Warkwortb,  Durham,  Fenshaw  and 
Edmondsley.    Cumberland,  Alston. 

Hurolabis  KiefFer,  189'2,  p.  214. 
63.  H.   comigans   F.    Loew,    1877,   p.    11    (CecMfomyta); 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  66. 

(a)  On  Heracleum  Spkondylium.  Swanton,  667 ;  Houard, 
4512. 

In  all  counties;  common. 

(•6)  On  H.  SphoTidylittm,  vat.  anffuslifoUum. 
Lancashire    and    Westmobbland,    Grange-over-Sands 
district. 

{*c)  On  Lamium  album.    Houard,  4840. 

Northumberland,  Warkwortb  and  Ovingham.  Lanca- 
shire, Lathom.  Durham,  Biddick;  Lambton  Park  and 
Blaydon. 

("rf)  On  Stachys  sylvatica. 
Durham,  Penshaw. 

This  species  is  recorded  by  Houard  from  six  different 
Umbels  and  from  three  species  of  Lamium.  Swanton  (870) 
(ref.  Connold)  records  it  also  from  Hieracium  boreale,  but 
this  is  almost  certain  to  be  M.  hieracii. 

•64.  H.  hieracii  Kieffer,  1888,  p.  112.t 

Recorded  by  Houard  from  Hieracium  boreale,  H.  umbd- 
bUum  and  other  species  of  Hieracium.  Apparently  the 
species  (see  above)  recorded  from  H.  boreale  as  M.  corrugans 
by  Connold  (Swanton,  870). 

Durham,  Hylton.  Lancashire,  on  Hieracium  sp., 
Birkdale. 

•65.  M.  Uppocrepidis  Kieffer,  1898-2,  p.  S9;  1913-2,  p.  66. 

On  Hippocrejns  amwsa.    Houard,  3683. 

Westmoreland,  Meathop  Fell,  near  Grange-over-Sands 
in  October,  gall  only,  too  late  for  larvae. 

t  We  have  aa  ;et  been  unable  to  trace  this  in  Kieffer,  1013-2, 


360     Messrs.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison's 

•66.  M.  marteU  Kieffer,  1892  (-1),  p.  215;  1913-2,  p.  66. 
On  Hypericum  kirsutum. 
Durham,  Middleton-one-Row. 

67.  M.    piloseltae    Binnie,     1877,    p.    179    (Cecidem^); 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  66. 
On  Hieracium  Pihsdla.    Swanton,  863 ;  Houard,  6199. 
Records  from  all  counties  excepting  Cheshire ;  local. 

*68.  H.  stellaiiae  Liebel,  1889,  p.  282  (Cectdomyia]; 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  66. 

On  SlelUiria  graminea.  Recorded  by  Houard  from 
StdUiria  medut. 

Durham,  Birtley. 

Amotdla  Kieffer,  1895,  p.  7. 
*69.  A.  quereicola  Kieffer,   1909,   p.  21   (gall  and  larva); 
1913-2,  p.  67. 
On  Quercus.     Houard,  1211. 

Northumberland,  near  Whitfield.  Durham,  neat  Fat- 
field. 

70.  A.  querais  Binnie,  1877,  p.  179  (Cecidomtfia) ;  Kieffer, 
1913-2,  p.  67. 
On  Qiiercus. 

•71.  Amoldia  sp.     Kieffer;  Lem^e. 
On  Quercus.    Houard,  1212. 
Durham,  West  Cornforth. 

Geocrypta  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  68. 
•72.  C.  brauerl  Handlirsch,  1884,  p.  135  (Cecwfomyw). 

A  root-Ral!  on  HyjKricum  jmlchrvm;  recorded  by 
Houard  (4213)  from  H.  perforatum  only.  Apparently 
very  local. 

Northumberland,  near  Staward.  Durham,  near  Lan- 
chester. 

Rhabdophaca  Westwood,  1847,  p.  588. 
•73.  R.   alUpennis   H.    Loew,    1850,   p.  35   (Cecidomyia); 
Kieifer,  1913-2.  p.  70. 
On  Siilix  spp.     Houard,  S.  32. 


n,g,t,7.dt,'G00glc 


Prdiminary  Caialoffue  of  British  CecidomyHae.      361 

Apparently  not  uncommon;  recorda  from  all  counties 
excepting  Westmoreland.  Also  recorded  by  Mr.  Burkill 
from  Derbyshire,  and  from  Scotl^d. 

*74.  B.    oUvUex    Kiefler,    1892-2,    p.    441    (Cecidmnyia); 
1913-2,  p.  70. 
On  Salix  app.     Houard,  S.  14. 
Lancashire,  Ainsdale,  rare. 

•76.  B.  dubiosa  Kieffer  n.  nov.  for  Cecidmnyia  dvbia  Kieffer, 
1893-2,    p.    255;   1913-2,    p.    70    (=  Cecidomyia 
griseicoUis  Zett.  non  Meigen). 
On  Salix  spp.     Houard,  S.  41. 

NoRTUCMBERLAND,  Ninebanks,  Warkworth.  Durham, 
Waldridge.     Lancashire,  near  Ainadale. 

*76.  B.  giraudlaUA  Kieffer  {salidperda  Giraud  n<m  Dufour), 
1898-1,  p.  159;   1913-2,  p.  70. 

On  Populus  alba;  also  known  from  P.  IremtiUi  abroad. 
Houard,  475. 

Lancashire,  Ainsdale  and  Freshfield,  only  two  examples. 

77.  R.  heterobta  H.  Loew  (saliffna   Hardy),  1850,  p.  28 
{Cecid<mifia);  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  70. 
On  Salic  Bpp.    Houard,  S.  10;  Swanton,  88,  89  and  154. 
NoRTHUUBERLAND,  Warkwoith,  on  S.  alba.    Durham, 
Birtley,  on   5.   repeiu,   also  affecting  the  male  catkins; 
Waldridge,  Swalwell ;  Tinkler  Fell,  on  S.  Caprea.    Lanca- 
shire, Birkdale  and  Ainsdale. 

•78.  R.  iteobia  Kieffer,  1890-3,  p.  201  (Cecidoniyia); 
1915-2,  p.  70. 

On  Salix  cinerea.    Houard,  S.  11,  Perrisia  ile<Aia. 

Northumberland,  Ninebanks.  Durham,  near  Blancb- 
land.     Lancashire,  Ainsdale.     Also  from  Scotland. 

•79.  H.  kuHhl  Kieffer,  1892-2,  p.  251  (Cecidomyia); 
1913-2,  p.  70. 

On  Salix  spp.     Houard,  S.  34. 

Northumberland,  Ninebanks,  on  S.  cinerea,  and 
Warkworth,  on  S.  dnerea  and  alba  var.     Durham,  Birtley, 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


362     Messrs.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison's 

on  S.  repens,  rare.  Lancashire,  Freehfield,  on  5.  cinerea. 
Tare.  Also  recorded  by  Mr.  Burkill  (on  5.  aJha)  from 
Derbyshire. 

80.  H.  nurginemlorquens  Winnertz,  1853,  p.  223  (Ceddo- 
myia);  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  70. 
On  Salix  spp.     Houard,  S.  5\,PeTrisia  marginemJorquens. 
Generally  distributed ;  records  from  all  counties  except- 
ing Westmoreland  and  Cheshire. 

*81.  B.  nervorum  Kieffer  (nodnli  Riibs.),  1895-2  {Dirhe- 
hmyia);  1913-2,  p.  71. 

On  Salix  spp.     Houard,  S.  49. 

Durham,  River  Wear  near  Cox  Green,  on  5.  alba,  Gibside 
on  S.  aurita,  and  Ryhope  on  S.  /ragUis,  rare.  Lascashibe, 
Ainsdale  and  Freahfiefd,  local,  on  young  S.  alba.  North- 
umberland, Oyinghatn  and  Warkwotth,  on  S.  cinerea, 
S.  alba  and  the  var.  vUellina.  Yorkshire,  Nunthorpe  on 
8.  viMlina,  also  see  Burkill,  1916,  "  Entomologist,"  p.  7, 
on  S.  Caprea.  Also  recorded  by  Mr.  Burkill  from  Derby- 
shire on  5.  aiba  and  5.  cinerea,  and  from  Surrey  on  iS. 
Cajtrea. 

•82.  R.  pleml  Kieffer,  1896-2,  p.  218  (Sertieria);  1913-2, 
p.  71. 

On  Salix  repens  and  S.  cinerea.  rare.     Houard,  S.  37. 

Northumberland,  near  Warkworth.  Durham,  Birtiey, 
lare. 

*82a.  B.  pseudoeoecns,  Riibsaamen  1890-2,  p.  307  {Ced- 
dotnyia];  Kieffer  1913-2,  p.  71. 

Flat,  broad  larva  under  a  scale-like  covering  on  under- 
side of  leaves  of  Salix  Caprea,  gregarious. 

Durham.  Plentiful  on  isolated  trees  in  Ryhope  Dene 
and  Hesleden  Dene. 

*82b.  R.   pulvlnl  Kieffer  {salidna  Giraud,  non  Schrank; 

khigi?  H.  Loew  mm  Meigen)  1891,  p.  244  (Ceet- 

domyia);  1913-2,  p.  71. 
On  Salix  anrita  and  S.  litelUna.    Houard,  S.  19. 
Northumberland,  Ovingham. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Prdiminan/  Cataiogue  <^  Brifish  Cfcidomyidae      363 

83.  B.   TosuU-f-    H.    Loew    {saiicina    Auct..   cinermrum 
Hardy),  1800,  p.  35;  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  71. 
On  Salix  spp.     Honard,  S.  8. 
Generally  attributed ;  records  from  alt  counties. 

*&1.  R.  mariella  Kieffer,  1901-1,  p.  494  (gall);  1913-2, 
p.  71. 

On  Salix  spp.     Houard,  S.  9. 

Durham,  \Valdridge,  on  S.  aurila  and  cinerea;  Gibside, 
on  S.  repens.  Lancashire,  near  Ainsdale,  and  Freshfield, 
on  S.  repens.  Also  recorded  by  Mr.  Burkill  from  Suirrey 
on  iS.  repens . 

85.  R,  saUeipeNa  Lhifour  {(erebram  H.  Loew),  1841,  p.  262 

[Cecidmnyia);  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  71. 

On  Salix  spp.     Houard,  S.  36. 

Northumberland,  Newham.  DintHAM,  Billingham  and 
Waldridge.  Cumberland,  Alston.  Lanca.shire,  near 
Ainsdale.     Yorkshire,  Eston. 

86.  R.  lalicis   Scbrank   (degeeri    Bremi,  galhrvm    saU<ns 

Hardy),  1803,  p.  69  (Tipula) ;  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  71. 
On  Salix  spp.     Houard,  S.  40. 

Records  from  all  counties  excepting  Westmoreland  and 
Cheshire. 

*87.  R.  snpema  Kieffer,  1897,  p.  24. 

On  Salix.  Recorded  by  Houard,  S.  26,  from  S.  Caprea, 
aurila  and  cinerea;  we  have  not  succeeded  in  tracing  the 
species  in  Kieffer,  1913-2. 

Durham,  on  a  hybrid  S.  cin«rea  x  vimifuilis;  Billingham. 
The  larva  is  distinctive. 

88.  R.    tarminaUs   H.   Loew,   ia50,   p.   3-5    (Cecidom\fia)\ 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  72. 
On  Salix  spp.     Houard,  S.  14,  Perrisia  terminalis. 
Common ;  records  from  all  counties. 

[89.  R.  Mmirt«lw,Westwood,  1847,  p.  .588;  Kieffer,  1913-2, 
p.  72. 

t  The  Daayaeura  aaiicina  of  Swanton's  Catalo^e  must  be  re- 
fCarded  aa  e,  synonym,  the  gall  being  but't)ic  incipient  stage  of  the 
"  Roee-gall." 


ih,  Google 


364     Messrs.  B.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Hairiaon's 

PwrisU  Rondani,  1846,  p.  371. 
•90.  P.  abieOpwda   Henschel,   1880,  p.  371   {Cectdomyia) ; 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  73. 
Gall  on  Picea  ftrceisa.     Houard,  10(). 
NoRTHUMBERLAKD,    near    Hexham.    Durham,    Gibside 
and    Eastgate.     La^ica.shire,    Grange-over-Sands,    rare. 
YoRKsHntB,  Nunthorpe. 

*91.  P.  aeereri^ans  Kieffer,  1888-2,  p.  266  (Cecidomyia) ; 
1913-2,  p.  73. 
On  sycamore.     Houard,  3984. 
Durham,  dene  near  Fencehouses. 

•92.  P.  acenrispans  vat.  rtibella  Kieffer,  1896-2,  p.  37. 
On  Acer  campeslre.     Houard,  4025. 
Recorded  by  Mr.  Burkill  from  Monmouthshire. 

93.  P.   aerophiU   Winnertz,   1853,   p.    233   (C«-tffomy»a) ; 

Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  73. 
On  Fraxinus.     Swanton,  681 ;  Houard,  4643. 
Local ;   records  from  all  counties  excepting  Lancashire 
and  Cheshire. 

94.  P.  annis  Kieffer,  1886,  p.  330  {Cecidomifia);  1913-2, 

p.  73. 
On  Viola  spp.     Swanton.  632, 634,  635  and  637 ;  Houard, 
4281,  4283.  4284  and  4290. 
Local ;   records  from  all  counties  excepting  Cheshire, 

•95.  P,  alni    F.  Loew,  1877,   p.  2  {Cecidotnyui) ;   Kieffer, 
1913-2,  p.  73. 
On  Ahi'is.     Houard,  1127;  known  throughout  Europe. 
NoRTHiMBERLAND,  Ninebauks,  once  only. 

96.  P.  alplna  F.  Loew,  18A>.  p.  110  {Cecidomyia) ;  Kieffer, 

1913-2,  p.  73. 
On  Silene  acmtlig.    Swanton,  344 ;  Houard,  2274. 

97.  P.    anylir.,    Kieffer,    19<»9.    p.    31    (gall    and    lar\-a) ; 

1913-2,  p.  73. 
On  TfiocKiixiH   ri/(,v-i(f'(«i,  =  Cecidomvid  ep.   Swanton, 
676,  and  Houard,  4071. 


ih,  Google 


pTdiminary  Catalogue  of  British  Cecidomyidae.      365 

9S.  P.    apvlnes     Kieffer,    1889,    p.    208     (Cecidomyia); 

1913-2,  p.  73. 
On  Galium  Aparine.    Swanton.  763 ;  Houard,  5303. 
Northumberland,  Wylam,  Belford.    Durham,  several 
localities.    Cheshire,  Bidston. 

*99.  P.  aueuparla    KiefFer.f 

On  Pynis  Auctiparia.     Houard,  2907. 

Northumberland,  Ovingham.  Durham,  Gibside.  Also 
from  Scotland. 

*I00.  P.  uiUaris  Kieffer,  1896-1,  p.  87;  1913-2,  p.  74. 

On  Trifdtum  sp.     On  T.  medium  Houard,  3593. 

Lancashire  and  Westmoreland,  once  near  Grange- 
over-Sands.  Durham,  coast  near  Horden;  Birtley,  on 
T.  froffiferum. 

*]01.  P.  IwlloUa  Riibsaamen. 

On  BaUota  nigra,  flowers  remaining  closed. 

Northumberland,  Denton  Burn  (H,  S.  Wallace  and 
R.  S.  B.). 

•102.  P.  bACkUna  Mik,  1885,  p.  140  {6V«fo»nyw);  Kieffer, 
1913-2,  p.  74. 

On  Inula  squarrosa  (=  /.  Conyza).     Houard,  5623. 

Lancashire,  Grange-over-Sands.  J.  W.  H.  H.  has  ob- 
served similar  galls  on  Pulicaria  dysenlerica  at  Cowpen 
Bewley  in  Durham. 

103.  P.   bfMSleae   Winnertz,   1853,  p.  213   [Cecidojntfia) ; 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  74. 
On   Brassica  spp.     Swanton,  415,  420;   Houard,  2591 
[Dasyneura  brassicae). 

Durham,  Hylton,  on  *Brassica  oleracen  (Houard,  2573). 

•104.  P.  brnnellae   Kieffer,   1909,  p.  3  (gall   and    larva); 
1913-2,  p.  74. 
On  Prunella  rtilgaris,  =  Oecidomyid  sp.     Houard,  1818. 
Northumberland,  O^nngton.     Yorkshire,  Stainton. 

t  We  have  been  unable  to  trace  tliia  in  Kieflcr,  1913-2. 
TRAKa.EHT,  SOC.  LOND.  1917.— PARTS  II,  III,  IV.  (MAY  '18)   Bt 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


S66     Messra.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison's 

*I05.  P.    bryonlae    BoucM,    1847,    p.    144     {Cecidom^); 
Kiefter,  1913-2,  p.  74. 
On  Bryonia  dioka.    Houard,  5476. 
Durham,  near  Lamesley. 

''lOG.  P.  eampanulae  Riibsaatnen. 

On  Campnnula  media  and  C.  fersicaefalia. 
Durham,  Bittley.     Cumberland,  Alston. 

107.  P.  capitigena  Bremi  (Eiipkorbiae  paitim  H.  Loew), 

1847,  p.  50  (Cecidomyin);  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  74. 
On  Euphorbia  Esiiia.    Swanton,  597. 

108.  P.  earil»mines  Winnertz.  1853,  p.  225  (Cecidmttyia); 

Kieffer,  1913-2.  p,  74. 
On  Cardamine  spp.     Swanton,  390  and  393;   Houard, 
2672  and  2G65. 
Durham,  in  the  Derwent  Valley. 

109.  P.  eerasUi  Binnie,  1877,  p.  181  {Cecidomyia);  Kieffer, 

1913-2,  p.  75. 
On  Ceraslium  ridgalum.    Swanton,  348;  Houard,  2338. 
North iMBER LAND,  Warkworth,  on   *C.  semidfcandntm 
and  C.  ruigatiim.    Durham,  Ryhope  Dene. 

*110.  P.   elTsU   Riibsaanien.    1890.    p.    236    {Cecidomyia); 
Kieffer.  1913-2,  p.  75. 
In  heads  of  i'irsium  nrrenne.     Houard-  5927. 
Not  uneoninioii ;  reconls  from  all  counties. 

•111.  Perrista  sp.     Rignall  and  Harrison.  1916  (iii).  p.l99- 
In  heads  of  Cir.-'i'iiii  arveiixe.  like  P.  cirsii,  but  larvae 

vellowish  to  orange  instead  of  red   ( i  form  or  stage  of 

P.  arsii). 

Not    uneonminn;   nivnls  from  all   counties  excepting 

Cliesliire. 

•112.  Perrlsia  sp.     Ri-juall  and  Harrison,  1916  (iii).  p.  199. 

Heads  of  Vifsi'ni'  iiri\n.''e  cWt'd ;   a  (ew  petals  to  one 

side  only  brfiikiiiw  dul ;    larva  solitary,  deep  vermilion  to 

NoBTiu  MUKRLAND.     Nint'Kuiks.     Di-RHAM,     Pensbaw, 

l-attU-ld.  and  iiiUide. 


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Prdimittary  Catalogue  of  British  Cecidomyidae.       367 

*113.  P.  Mtnrositanun  KieSer,  1888-2.  p.  310  Ifiecidmnyia); 
1913-2,  p.  75. 

Heads  of  Viraium.  lanceolatum.    Houard,  5911. 

NoRTHtfMBERLAND  and  DuRHAM,  numerous  records. 
LANCA.smRE,  Lathom.  Yorkshire,  ilarton ;  Bardjtey  near 
Leeds. 

•114.  Perriala  sp.     Bagnall  and  Harrieon,  1916  (iii).  p.  199. 

Heads  of  Cirsium  Uinceolatum.  heads  remaining  closed 
or  not  opening  fully;  often  bent  or  twisted;  florets 
apparently  normal;   larvae  wtiite  to  yellowish. 

Records  from  Northumberland,  Durham,  Cumberland, 
Yorkshire  and  Lancashire. 

*115.  P.  wrylina  KiefTer  for  cwyli  Riibsaamen,  1912, 
p.  288;   Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  75. 

In  catkins  of  Corylus. 

Lancashire,  Grange-over-Sands,  October.  Yorkshire, 
Guiflbrough,  October. 

116.  P.  cralaegl    Winnertz,    1853,   p.    238   (Ceridomyia); 

Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  75. 
On  Crala^uB  monogifna.     Swanton,  540 ;  Houard,  2942. 
Common  everywhere ;  records  from  all  counties. 

*117.  P.  daphnes  Kieffer,  1901-2,  p.  18;  1913-2,  p.  75. 
On  Daphne  Laureoh.    Houard,  4312. 
Yorkshire,  Gunnergate. 

•118.  P.  engstfeltU  Rubsaamen,  1889,  p.  375  (Cecidomyia) ; 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  75. 

On  Spiraea  Vlmaria      Houard,  2832  and  2837. 

Local  but  widely  distributed ;  records  from  all  counties. 
Also  from  Scotland. 

•119.  Perrisla  sp.    Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1916  (iii),  p.  200. 

On  Spiraea  Vlmaria,  on  the  underside  of  leaf,  like  P. 
engstfddi,  but  always  adjacent  to  midrib  or  nerve,  which 
is  considerably  swollen  in  such  manner  as  to  become  a 
shelter  to  the  larva. 

Extremely  local,  but  plentiful  where  it  occurs.  Durham, 
Gibside  and  near  Lamesley;  Billingham.  Cumberland, 
Alston. 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


368     Messrs.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  HamBon's 

120.  P.   epIIobU    F.   Loew,    1889,    p.   201     (Cccitfomyia) ; 

Kieffer,  1913-2^  p.  76. 
On     Ejnldbium    anffuslifoUum.      Swanton,     641,     642; 
Houard,  4345. 

NoETHUMBEBLAND,  Seahouses,  Spindlestone,  Budle  Bay, 
etc.     Durham,  Gibside. 

*121.  P.   erleins   F.    Loew,    1885-2.   p.   76   {Cedd^myia); 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  76. 
On  Erica  dnerea. 
Durham,  Waldridge.    Yorkshire,  Great  Ayton  Moor. 

121a.  p.    flUclns    Kieffer,    1889,    p.    191     (Cecidomyia); 
1913-2,  p.  76, 
On  Pteris  nqmlina.    Swanton,  3;  Houard,  68. 
Records  from  all  counties  excepting  Cumberland.  ■ 

•122.  P.   florlperda  F.  Loew,   1888,  p.  231   (Cecidomyia); 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  76. 
On  Sifene  infiala.    Houard,  2261. 
Durham,  Fatfield  and  Fencehouaee. 

*123.  P.  nosculorum  Kieffer,  1890-3,  p.  200  {Cecidomyia); 
1913-2,  p.  76. 
Flower  of  Trifolium  pralense.     Houard,  3579, 
Durham,  Penshaw.     Lancashire  and  Westmoreland, 

near  (■  range-over- Sands. 

124.  P.  fraxinea  Kieffer,  1907-1,  p.  523;  1913-2,  p.  76. 
On    Fraj-iiuis,^  Dasyneura   /raxinea,    Swanton,    678; 

Houard,  4647. 
Apparently  widely  distributed ;  records  from  all  counties. 

125.  P.  rraxlDi  Kieffer,  1897-2,  p.  301 ;  1913-2,  p.  76. 
On  Fraxiniis.    Swanton,  679,  680;  Houard,  4644. 
Records  from  all  counties  excepting  Cheshire. 

*126.  p.  Inicluum  Riibsaamen,  1895,  p.  258  (Dichdmnyid) ; 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  76. 

On  Cerasliiim  vidgainm.     Houard,  2330. 

Northumberland,  Warkworth,  Ovingham.  Durhau, 
Fatfield,  Penshaw,  Birtley,  Greatham.    Cheshire,  Bidston. 


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Prdiminary  Catalogue  of  British  Oeddomytdae,      369 

Yorkshire,  Marton,  Cleveland  district;  Leeds  district. 
Also  taketi  (at  Warkworth)  on  Geraslium  semidecandrum, 
and  in  Cleveland  on  C.  viscos^im. 

127.  P.  galeobdoUmtis  Winnertz,  1853.  p,  238  (Cecidomyia) ; 

Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  76. 
On  Lamium  Galeobddon.    Swanton,  716;  Houard,  4847. 

128.  P.  galU  H.  Loew,  1850,  p.  37  (Cecidomyia]';  Kieffer, 

1913-2,  p.  77. 

On  Gcdium  venim.  Swanton,  747,  748;  Houard,  5284, 
5292. 

Northumberland,  Seahouses,  Bamburgh,  Warkworth, 
Ovingham.  Durham,  Blackball  Rocks;  Hylton;  Pensliaw 
Hill;  near  Cornforth.     Lancashire,  Birkdale,  one  only. 

On  Galium  vliginosum.      Houard,  5268. 
Durham,  Waldridge  Fell. 

•129.  Perrisla  ap.  Schlechteiidal,  etc. 
On  Galium  verum.  Houard,  5289. 
Durham,  on  one  patch  of  bed-straw  near  Penshaw. 

130.  P.  gaUloola  F.  Loew,  1880,  p.  33;   Kieffer,  1913-2, 

p.  77. 
On   Galium  spp.     Swanton,   7.53;    Houard,   5209,   also 
•5286  and  •5275. 

Northumberland,  Bamburgh,  Warkworth.  Durham, 
coast  near  Hartlepool,  Penshaw  Hill  and  Catcleugh ;  rock 
neat  Sunderland,  on  G.  verum.  Cumberland,  Alston,  on 
G.  verwrn. 

•131.  P.  genUtamtorquens   Kieffer,  1888-2,   p.   311    (Cm- 
domyia);  1913-2,  p.  77. 
On  Genista  Hncloria.    Houard,  3371. 
Durham,  Oibside,  rare. 

132.  P.    genistleola   F.    Loew,    1877,   p.  4    {Cecidomyia); 

Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  77. 
On  Genista  titiOoria.    Swanton,  548,  549;  Houard,  3368, 
3369,     It  also  occurs  on  G.  anglicn  {Swanton,  547 ;  Houard, 
3349). 
Northumberland,  Ovingham,    Durham,  Gibside. 


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370     Messis.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison's 
*133.  P.  KMittaiiu  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  9  (gall);  1913-2.  p.  77. 

In  flowers  and  seed-caaea  of  Genllana  campestris  and 
G.  ArtmrdUi.  ~  Cecidompd  sp.      Houard,  4696. 

North UMBERLASD,  between  Alnmouth  and  AVarkworth. 
DoiHAM,  Peiishaw  Hill  and  Blackball  Rocks.  (This  species 
is  recorded  in  Houard  (4696)  from  British  Isles  only,  but 
in  Kieffer  {1913-2)  it  is  recorded  from  Central  Europe. 
Examples  from  seed-caees  cause  chloranthia  as  well  ae  a 
swelling  of  the  ovary,  and  are  possibly  referable  to  a 
second  species. 

•  *134.  P.  Beranil  Kieffer,  1907-2,  p.  44;  1913-2,  p.  77. 

We  have  not  cleared  up  the  question  of  CWidoniyids 
affecting  Geraniaceae.  The  records  here  refer  to  P.  geranii 
on  Erodium  cicularium  only  (Houard,  3826);  but  we 
append  also  our  notes  under  the  names  of  various  species 
of  Geranium. 

Northumberland,  Budle  Bay,  very  common;  Wark- 
worth.  Durham,  Cowpen  Bewley- one  only.  LA^■CA.SHIBB, 
Freshfield,  two  only,     Yorkshire,  Redcar. 

Other  notes  :— 

(1)  Geranium  •prntense. 

(fl)  Yellow  larvae  in  seeds  (Dasyneura  geranii). 
Northumberland,    Budle    Bay    and    Ninebanks. 
Durham,  Birtley,  Eastgate,  Wolsingham  and  Horden. 
Cumberland,  Alston. 

(6)  Bright  orange-red  larvae  in  seeds  with  above. 
Northumberland  and  Durham,  all  above  records, 

(2)  Geranium  sylialiaim. 

(a)  Yellow  larvae  in  seeds  (Dasyneura  geranii). 
(6)  Bright  orange-red  larvae  in  seeds  in  company. 
Records  from  Northumberland  and  Durham. 

(3)  Geranium  sanguimnm. 

Yellow  larva  in  seeds, 

Durham,  Horden  and  Blackball   Rocks.     York- 
shire, in  a  moraine  garden,  Linthorpe. 


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Prdiminary  Catalogue  of  British  Ceddomyidae.     371 

(4)  Geranium  disseclum. 
Yellow  larva  in  seeds. 
Durham,  Fatfield. 

(5)  Geranium  molle. 
Yellow  larva  in  seeds. 
YoEKSHraE,  Redcar. 

(6)  Geranium  pusilliim. 
Yellow  larva  in  seeds. 
NoETHUMBERLAND,  Warkwoith. 

(7)  Geranium  pusilliim. 

One  or  more  transparent,  lemon -yellow  larvae 
amongst  seeds  and  in  the  flower. 

Lancashire,  Freshfield  and  Ainsdale,  common. 

(8)  Erodium  cicHlanum. 

Cream ish-yellow  larvae  amongst  seeds  and  in  the 
flower. 

Yorkshire,  Redcar.  Northumberland,  Wark- 
worth. 

135.  P.  gUchonuK  Kiefter,  1889-2,  p.  2C3  {Cecidomyia) ; 

1913-2,  p.  77. 
On  Glechoma  hederacea.    Swanton,   7(17,  708;    Houard, 
48D7,  4808. 

•136.1  P.  glycipkylli   Rubsaanien,  1912,  p.  286;   Kieffer, 
1913-2,  p.  77. 
On  Astragalus  hypoghtlis. 
Records  from  Scotland. 

*137.  P.  holDst«M  Kieffcr,  19()9.  p.  29  (gall  and  larva); 
1913-2,  p.  77. 

On  ^SteUaria  graminea. 

Northumberland,  between  Langley  Woods  and  Whit- 
field. 

On  Stdhria  Holoslea. 

Northumberland,  Stocksfield  (H.  S.  Wallace).  Dur- 
ham, Gibside,  Winlaton  Mill, 


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372     Messrs.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  HarriBOn's 

*138.  P.  hyKTophlU  Mik,  1883,  p.  209  {Ceddomyia); 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  77. 

On  Galium  palustre.     Houard,  5278. 

Northumberland,  Ninebanks.  Durham,  near  Gibside, 
Low  Fell  and  Waldridge.  Lanca.shire,  not  uncommon, 
Freshfield,  Ainsdale  aod  Lathom.  Yorkshire,  Nunthorpe ; 
Bardsey  near  Leeds;  also  recorded  by  Mr.  Burkill.  Mr. 
Burkill  also  records  this  species  from  Derbyshire,  Stafiord- 
shire  and  Surrey, 

139.  Perrisia  sp.     Trail,  1878. 

On  Galium-  palvslre.    Swanton,  758;  Houard,  5277. 

140.  P.  hyperiei  Bremi,  1847,  p,  53  {Ceddomyia);  Kiefier, 

1913-2,  p.  77, 

On  Hypericum  spp.  Swanton  and  Houard.  Recent 
records  from  H.  ■perjoraium,  H.  pulckrum,  H.  hutnifiisum 
and  *  H.  monlanvm. 

Records  from  all  counties  excepting  Cheshire  and  York- 
shire. 

*141.  Perristasp.    Burkill,  1916. 

On  Hypericum  elodes.  Terminal  leaves  thickened  at  the 
base,  folded  over  and  crinkled,  turning  brown  at  the  tips. 
Larvae  yellow,  several  in  each  gall. 

Yorkshire,  Mr.  Burkill's  record. 

142.  P.  ignorata  Wachtl  (medicaginis  Bremi.  gall;  ««>- 

brychidis   F.    Loew   mom    Bremi),    1884,    p.   163 
(Ceddomyia);  KiefTer,  1913-2,  p.  77. 
On  Medicago  salim.    Swanton,  561 ;  Houard,  3515, 

143.  P.  Inchbaldiana  Mik  (1  clavdlia  Bremi),  1886,  p.  317 

{Ceddomyia);  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  77. 
On  Salix  alba.    Houard,  S.  52;  Swanton,  98;  Houard, 
627. 

Records  from  all  counties. 

144.  P.  loclusa  Frauenfeld,  1862,  p.   1175  {Ceddomyia); 

Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  78. 
On  PhragmUes  communis.    Swanton,  50;*  Houard,  245. 
Durham,  Bilhngham. 


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Prdiminary  Caialogue  of  British  Ceddomyidae.  373 
*145.  P.  WeBeri  Marchal,  1896,  p.  99 ;  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  78. 

On  Hedara  Helix.    Houard,  4362. 

Northumberland,  Warkworth  district.  Lancasbibe 
and  Westmoreland,  Grange-over-Sanda  district,  common. 
Durham,  Oibside  and  Low  Fell.  Yorkshire,  Middles- 
brough and  Gunnergate;  Leeds.     Also  from  Scotland. 

*146.  P.  klefferlana  Riibsaamen,  1891,  p.  5  (Cecidomyia); 

Kieffer,  1913-2,  p;  78. 

On  EjnUjbium  angustifoUum.    Houard,  4348. 
Durham,  Gibside,  rare.     Yorkshire,  see  Burkill.    Also 
recorded  by  Mr.  Burkill  from  Surrey. 

*147.  fP-  lamii  Kieffer. 

On  Lamium  macuUUum,  =  Cecidomyid  sp.  Houard, 
4836. 

Durham,  Birtley,  in  a  garden. 

•148.  ;  P.  Uriels  F.  Loew,  1878,  p.  393  [Ceddomyia) ; 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  78. 

On  Larix  decidua.    Houard,  86. 

Durham,  Lanchester,  Winlaton  Mill ;  Gibside.  Lasca- 
SHiRE,  Grange-over-Sanda.     Yorkshire,  Eaton. 

*149.  P.  Uthyri  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  13  (gall  and  larvae); 
1913-2,  p,  78. 

On  Lathyrus  pralensis,  =  Perrisia  sp.     Houard,  3775. 
Records  from  all  countiea  excepting  Cheahire. 

*150.  P.  lathyrlools  Riibsaameu,  1890,  p.  26  {Cecidomyia) ; 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  78. 
On  Lathj/THS  pratensis.    Houard,  3771. 
Records  from  all  counties. 

151.  Perrisia  sp.  (lalhyricola  Swanton). 
On  Lathyrus  praiensis.    Swanton,  595 ;  Houard,  3776. 
Records  from  all  counties. 

t  We  have  been  unable  to  trace  this  name  in  Kiefler,  1913-2. 
I  =  KeOne-Ti  HeoBchel  (gall). 


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374     Messrs.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison's 

•152.  Petriiia  sp.     Burkill,  1917,  p.  83. 
On  Laikt/nis  -praleim*. 
Recorded  by  Mr.  Burkill  from  W.  Gloucestershire. 

*153.  P.  Utorm  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  21  (gall);  1913-2,  p.  78. 
On  Oak,  =  C«cidom)-id  sp.     Houard,  1310, 
Northumberland,  Warkworth;   Ovingham.    Dckham, 
several  records.    Lancashire,  Granfje-over-Sands.    York- 
shire, Leeds  district  and  near  Middlesbro'. 

*153a.  p.  Utho^ermi  H.  Loew,  1850,  p.  36  {Ceddonufta); 
Kieffer.  1913-2,  p.  78. 
On  LUhospennum  officinale.    Houard,  4741, 
Northumberland,  Ovingham;  on  an  isolated  patch  of 

the  host- plant. 

154.  P.  lotharli^as  Kieffer,  1888-1,  p.  107  (Cecidmnyta); 
1913-2,  p.  78. 
On  CerasHum  viilgalum.     Swanton,  346,  347;  Houard, 
2331,2334. 
Records  from  all  counties  excepting  Cheshire. 

♦155.  P.  loti  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  14;  1913-2,  p.  78. 
On  Lofus  comicuhlMs,  —  Cecidoniyid  sp.    Houard,  3622. 
Durham,  Gibside,  apparently  rare. 

156,  P.  loUeoU  Rubsaamen,   1889-2,  p.  52  {Cecidomyia); 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  78. 
On    Loins    major    and    occasionally    *L.    comiathtia. 
Swanton,  584;  Houard,  3626,  *3010. 
Records  from  all  counties  excepting  Westmoreland, 

*157.  P.  lupuUnaa  Kieffer,  1891,  p.  258;  1913-2,  p.  78. 
On  Medicngo  lupuUna.    Houard,  3507. 
Durham,  near  Burnmoor. 

•158.  PerrUa  sp.     Kaltenbach  and  others. 

On  Medi<vi<fo  liipuUna.    Houard,  3509. 

Durham,  Hylton  and  Penshaw.     Recorded  by  Mr.  Burkill 
from  W.  Gloucestershire. 


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Prdiminary  Catalogue  of  British  Cecidomyidae.      375 

•159.  P.  lyehnidis  Hevden,  1861,  p.  98  {Ceddmnyia) ; 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  78. 

On  Lychnis  alba.     Houai^,  2292. 

Northumberland,  coast  near  Hamburgh.  Durham, 
Lamesley,  Fencehouses.     Lancashisb,  Ainsdale. 

160.  P.  nuU  Kieffer,  1904-2,  p.  345;  1913-2,  p.  78. 
On  Pyrus  Mains.  Swanton,  D33;  Houard,  2885- 
DuRHAM,  near  Stanley. 

•161.  P.  malplgUi  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  21  (gall) ;  1913-2,  p.  78. 

On  Quercus.    Houard,  1354. 

Northumberland,  Warkworth,  rare.  Durham,  Gibside, 
Laxca.shire,  Grange-over-Sande.  Yorkshire,  Leeds; 
Bardfiey. 

•162.  P.  miki  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  6  (gall);  1913-2,  p.  78. 

On  (a)  CerUaurea  nigra  and  (6)  C.  Scabiosa,  =  Cecidomyid 
sp.     Houard,  5981. 

Northumberland,  near  Staward  (a).  Durham,  Fat- 
field  (a),  Billingham  (6),  Hylton  (b),  and  Gibside  (a). 
Cumberland,  near  Nenthead  (a).  Lancashire  and  West- 
moreland, near  Grange-over-Sands  (a).  Yorkshire, 
Mar  ton. 


•163.  Perrtola  sp.    Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1916  (iii),  p.  199. 

Head  of  (n)  Centavrea  nigra  swollen,  breaking  round 
edges;  larvae  in  large  numbers,  yellowish  to  pink.  Also 
in  (6)  C.  Scabiosa. 

Northumberland  and  Durham,  several  records  in  (a) 
and  (6).  Cheshire,  Ridston  Hill,  plentiful  (a).  Cumber- 
land, Nenthead  (o). 

•164.  Perrlsia  sp.     Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917  (v),  p,  14. 

In  old  heads  of  Centaiirea  Scabiosa,  larvae  gregarious, 
orange-red  to  copper-red,  small ;  not  the  above  species. 

Northumberland,  Warkworth.  Durham,  Catcleugh 
Rock,  near  Sunderland ;  Ryhope ;  Fulwell ;  Eaaington. 
Also  in  old  beads  of  C.  nigra. 


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376     Mesera.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  HamBon's 

*105.  PerrisU  ap.     Bagiiall  and  Harrison,  1917  (v),  p.  14. 

In  a  garden  Hdianthus;  gregarious  larvae  in  heads, 
golden -yellow-orange  to  orange -red. 

Durham,  Fatfield. 

106.  P.  muricatae  Meade  {caricia  H.  Loew),  1886,  p.  153 

(Cectdotnyia);  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  79. 
In  utricle  of  Cnrex  viilpina,  C.  contxgua,  *C.  petuiula, 
C.  hetrigata,  C  sylvalica  and  C  palkscms.    Swanton,  69, 
70;  Houard,  361,  362. 

Northumberland,  Warkworth,  on  C  pendula.  Dub- 
ham,  Gibside,  on  C.  pendula,  C.  sylvalica  and  C.  paUescens; 
Waldridge,  on  C.  laevigata ;  Billingham.  Lancashire,  near 
Grange-over-Sands,  on  C.  vulpina. 

*167.  P.  nenrioola  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  9  (gall);  1913-2,  p.  79. 

On  Hieracirim  Pihsella,  =  Cecidomyid  ep.   Houard,  6205. 

Durham,  very  local,  Birtley  Fell,  Roker.  Yobkshirk, 
Huddersaeld  district  (W.  Falconer). 

168.  P.  otwhrychidis  (giraudi  Prauenf.)  Bremi,  1847,  p.  53 

{Cecidotnyut);  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  79. 
On  Astragalus  danicus.    Swanton,  585;    Houard,  3646. 
Probably  P.  glyciphylU. 

•168a.  p.  pantoU  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  21  (gall);   1913-2,  p.  79- 
On  Oak.    Houard  (Cecidomyid),  1315. 
Northumberland,  Ovingham,  1  only  (H.  S,  Wallace). 
Yorkshire,  Leeds,  plentiful  on  one  old  tree. 

169.  P.   papaverU  Winnertz,   1853,  p.  229  (Cecid(mpi); 

Kiefier,  1913-2,  p.  79. 

In  capsules  of  Papaier  Rkoeas.    Swanton,  377 ;  Houard, 
2479, 
Durham,  an  isolated  record,  in  field  near  Hylton. 

*170.  P.  perlclymeni  Rubsaamen,  1889-2,  p.  54  (Cecido- 
mijia);  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  79. 

On  Lonwera  Pcrkhjmenum.    Houard,  5361. 

Northumberland,  Warkworth;  Ovingham.  Durham, 
Gibside  (Barry  Stewart  and  R.  S.  B.),  Waldridge;  Urpeth; 
Winlaton;  Foncehouses  and  FasingtOQ.  Cueshibb, 
Bidaton  Hill.     Yorkshire,  Bardsey,  near  Leeds. 


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Prdimitiary  Calahgue  of  British  Cecidomyidae.      377 

171.  P.  penleulae  Linn4,  1767,  p.  977  (Tipula);  KieSer, 

1913-2,  p.  79. 
On  Polygonum ampkOnum.    Swanton,  321, 325 ;  Houard, 
2157,  2159. 
BoBHAM,  Urpeth. 

172.  P.    pUwtrIx   ft.    Loew,    1850,    p. 

Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  79. 
On  Rubm  spp.     Swanton,  479,  482,  490;  Houard,  2966, 
2978,  302D. 
In  some  districts  very  common ;  records  from  all  countiea, 

•173.  P.  polygalM  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  18  (gall);  1913-2,  p.  79. 

In  Polygala  vulgaris,  larvae  in  flower.  See  Houard. 
3855. 

Durham,  Birtley,  Horden,  Lanchester  district  (H.  S. 
Wallace  and  J.  W.  H.  H.).     Cu.mberland,  Alston, 

•174.  P.  popDletl  Rubsaamen,  1889-2,  p.  57  {Cecidomyia) ; 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  79. 

Od  Poptdm tr^nuh and.  P.  IremuUte  x  alba.  Houard,  503. 

Durham,  Gibside  and  near  Winlaton  Mill.  Nobthum- 
BBRLAND,  on  the  Alnwick  road  four  milea  north  of  Morpeth, 

175.  P.  polerUillae  Wachtl,   1885,   p.   193  {Cectdomyia); 

Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  79. 
On  PotenlilUi. 

•176.  P.   pratfooU   Kieffer,    1892-1,  p.  216   {Cendomyia); 
1913-2,  p.  79, 
In  flower  Lychnis  Flos-cuaiH.    Houard,  2290. 
Durham,  Gibside,  Billingham. 

*177.  P.  ptoridioola  Kieffer,  1901-2,  p.  19  (Cecidomyia); 
1913-2,  p.  80. 

On  Pleris  aquiUna,  local.     Houard,  69. 

Northumberland,  Ninebanks.  Durham,  Fatfield,  Birt- 
ley. 

•178.  P.  puilulani Riibsaamen,  1889-1,  p.  378  {Cecidomyia); 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  80. 
On  Spiraea  TJlmaria,  local.     Houard,  2838. 


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378     MesBTB.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  HamBon's 

Eecords  from  all  counties  excepting  Lancashire  and 
Westmoreland.    Mr.  Butkill  records  it  from  Derbyshire. 

179.  P.  pyri  Bouchfi,  1847,  p.  144  (Ceddomtjia) ;  Kiefier, 

1913-2,  p.  80. 
On  Pyru.*  communis.     Swanton,  526;  Houard,  2864. 
Durham,  Gibside.    Lancashire,  Lathom. 

•180.  f  P.  plerreana  Kieffer. 

On  Salix  cinerea,  =^  Perrisia  sp.    Houard  (S.  42),  892. 
DuKUAM,  Waldridge.     Lancashire,  near  Ainsdale. 

181.  P.  nBimeuli  Bremi,  1847,  p.  54  (Cecidomyia) ; 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  80. 

X)a  Ranunciilus  spp.  Swanton,  362,  366,  370;  Houard, 
2423,  2431,  2438. 

Records  from  all  counties  excepting  Cheshire  and 
Cumberland. 

*182.  P.  raphanlstri  Kieffer,  1886,  p.  324  {Cecidomifia) ; 
1913-2,  p.  80. 

On  Brassica  Napus.  Houard,  2594  {Dasyneina  rapka- 
nislri). 

Northumberland,  Warkworth.  Durham,  rare  and 
local,  Fatfield,  Fencehonsea  and  Penshaw. 

*183.  P.  rhododeQdroni  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  95;  1913-2,  p.  80. 

On  Rhododendron  ferrugineym.    Houard. 

YoRK.SHiBE,  in  a  moraine  garden  at  Linthorpe,  near 
Middlesbrough. 

184.  P.     rosarum    Hardy,    1850,    p.    186    {Cecidomyia); 

Kiefier,  1913-2,  p.  80. 
On  Bosn  spp.     Swanton,  503,  507,  512;  Houard,  3135, 
3186. 

Records  from  all  counties  excepting  Westmoreland  and 
Cheshire. 

•185.  Perrtda  sp. 

On  Sosu  Bpp.  like  P.  rosarum  gall,  larvae  white. 

Northumberland  and  Durham,  several  records 
(=  Dirkha  rhodophiUt). 

-f  We  hAve  been  unable  to  trace  this  in  Kiefler,  1913-2. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


Prelxminary  CaUdogue  of  British  Ceddomyidae.      379 

•186.  p.  roBtruplans  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  29  (gall  and  larva); 
1913-2,  p,  80. 

On  Spiraea  Vlmaria,  =  Cecidomyid  8p.    Houaid,  2836. 

Not  common ;  records  from  all  counties  excepting 
Cheshire. 

•187.  ?P.  rubsauneni  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  6  (gall);  1913-2, 
p.  80. 

On  Carpinus  Beiuhts,  parenchymatous,  =  Cecidomyid  sp. 
Houard,  1041. 

Circular  clear-cut  holes  observed  in  leaves  of  honibeara 
(counties  Durham  and  Lancashire)  in  October  are  prob- 
ably the  results  of  this  insect.     Requires  confirmation. 

•188.  P.   saUeariM   Kieffer,    1888-1,    p.   96   (Cecidomyia) ; 
1913-2,  p.  80. 
On  Lythrum  Salicaria.    Houard,  4325,  4326. 
Northumberland,  not  uncommon  near  Bamburgh. 

•189.  P.  sangulsorbae  Kieffer,  1890-1,  p.  26  (Ceddomyia) ; 
1913-2,  p.  80. 
On  Sanguisorba  officinalis.    Houard,  3100. 
Durham,  near  Penshaw. 

•190.  P.  scsUosae  Kieffer,  1888-1,  p.  97  (Ceddmnyia); 
1913-2,  p.  81. 

On  Scabiosa  C<Aumbaria,    Houard,  G466,  5470. 

Durham,  Penshaw  Hill,  common ;  and  Catcleugh  Rock, 
near  Sunderland. 

•191.  P.  schlechtendali  Kieffer,  1886,  p.  328  Ifieddomyia); 
1913-2,  p.  81. 

On  Lathyrus  macrorhizus.    Houard,  3781. 

Durham,  Birtley ;  Fatfield ;  Fencehouses ;  Gibside,  com- 
mon; Winlaton  (H.  S.  Wallace),  and  near  Lanchester. 
Northumberland,  Ovinghara. 

•192.  P.    sebmldU    Rubsaamen,    1912,    p.    284;     Kieffer, 
1913-2,  p.  81. 
Heads  of  PlatUago  lanceohla. 
Durham,  Greatham.     Lancashire,  Grange-over-Sands. 


ih,  Google 


380     Mesere.  R.  S.  Bagnali  and  J.  W.  H.  HarriBon's 

193.  P.  sarotina  Winnertz,    1853,    p.    316   {Ceddmnyia); 

Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  81. 
On  Hypericum  spp.  Swanton;  Houard. 
NoETHUMBERLAND,  Dear  Staward  and  Ovingham,  on 
H.  ptdchrum;  Warkworth,  on  H.  kumifusum.  Durham. 
near  Lanchester  and  Winlaton  Mill,  on  H.  pulchmm; 
Gibside,  on  H.  perforatum  and  H.  pukhrum;  Dinsdale  and 
Castle  Eden,  on  H.  kirsutum.  Lascashire,  Hampsfell, 
Grange-over-Sands,  on  H.  pukhrum,  very  local.  Yobk- 
SHiRB,  Bardsey,  near  Leeds. 

*194.  P.  sUvleola  KieSer,  1909,  p.  30  (gall  and  larva); 
1913-2,  p.  81. 

On  *StdUtria  graminea. 

Northumberland,  between  Langley  Woods  and  Whit- 
field. 

On  SteUaria  Holoslea  =  Perrtsta  sp.    Houard,  2311. 

Northumberland,  Warkworth;  Ovingham.  Durham, 
Gibside  and  Easington.  Yorkshire,  Bardsey,  near 
Leeds. 

*195.  P.  similis  F.  Loew,  1888,  -p.  232  {Ceddomyia); 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  81. 

On  Veronuxi  spp. 

Northumberland,  Warkwortb,  on  V.  officinalis  and 
V.  Chamaedri/s.  Durham,  Gibside,  on  V.  scutellala  and 
V.  officinalis ;  Lanchester  and  Stanhope,  on  V.  officinalis; 
Castle  Eden  and  Birtley,  on  V.  Chatmedrys. 

196.  P.  sisymbrii  Schranck,  1803,  p.  83  {Tipula);  Kieffer, 

1913-2,  p.  81. 
On  various  Crucifers.     Swanton;  Houard. 
Durham,  Swalwell,  on  Sisymbrium  officinale. 

•197.  ?  P.  sodalis  F.  Loew,  1877,  p.  7  {Cecidomyia); 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  81. 
On  Prunus.  P.  tortrix  and  this  species  produce  identical 
galls,  and  it  will  be  necessary  to  breed  out  specimeua 
before  this  can  be  definitely  included  in  our  Ust.  See 
records  under  P.  tortrix. 


,t,7rJh,G00glc 


Prdiminary  Cgtfdogue  of  British  Cecidomytdae.      381 

198.  P.  staeliydtc  Bremi,  1847,  p.  55  {Cecidomyia) ;  Kieffer, 
1913-2,  p.  81. 
On  Stachys  sylvaltca  and  ^palustris.     Swanton,  711-714; 
Houard,  4860-62. 

Records  from  all  counties  excepting  Westmoreland. 

*199.  Perrmo  sp.     Burkill,  1916. 

On  Stachys  palnstris ;  buds  galled  by  white  larvae. 
Recorded  by  Mr.  Burkill  from  Derbyshire. 

*200.  P.  strobi  Winnertz,  1853,  p.  234  {Ceddomyia) ; 
Kiefler,  1913-2,  p.  81. 

In  cones  of  Picea  excdsa. 

Northumberland,  near  Corbridge.  Mr.  Evans  records 
this  species  from  Perthshire  ("  Ent.  M.  Mag.,"  1909,  p.  17). 

•201.  P.  tetend   Rubsaamen,  1892,   p.  400   (Ceddomyia); 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  82, 
On  leaves  of  Ribes  app. 
Durham,  Gibside,  on  R.  GrossuUiria;  Birtley,  on  R.  nigra. 

•202.  P.  tetrahit  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  8  (gall  and  larva) ;  1913-2, 
p,  82. 

In  GaUopsis  Telrahil  flowers,  =  Perrisia  sp.  Houard, 
4831. 

Lancashire,  near  Lathom. 

•203.  P.  thomulana  Kiefier,  1888-1,  p.  95  (Cecidotnyia); 
1913-2,  p.  82. 

On  Tilia  vulgaris  and  platyphylloa.     Houard,  4124,  4155. 

Northumberland,  Ovingham,  Warkworth.  Durham, 
several  records.  Cumberland,  Keswick  and  Alston. 
Lancashire,  Grange-over-Sands.  Yorkshire,  Ounner- 
gate.     Also  from  Scotland. 

•204.  Perrisia  sp.     Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917  (v),  p.  14. 

On  TUia,  like  P.  ihmnasiana,  but  larva  milk-white. 

NoBTHUMBEELAND,  Plesscy.  DuRHAM,  near  Chester-le- 
Street;  Stanhope. 

TRANS.  BNT.  8O0.  LOND.  1917. — PARTS  H,  HI,  IV.  (MAY  '18)    CO 


ih,  Google 


382      Messrs.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison's 

205.  P.  tlliamvolvens  (tiliae  Schr.,  gall),  RiibsaameD, 
1889-2,  p.  55  {Cecidwnyia) ;  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  82. 

On  TUia  ap.     Swanton,  618;  Houard,  4160. 
Durham,  Castle  Eden  Dene. 

*206.  P.  tortrlx  F.  Loew,  1877,  p.  6  (Cectdomyia) ;  Kieffer. 
1913-2,  p.  82. 

On  (a)  Prunus  domealica,  wild,  and  (t)  P.  spinosa. 
Houard,  3269,  3274,  3282. 

NoBTHUMBFRLAND,  near  Minsteracrea,  {a)  H.  3269  and 
3274.t  YoBKSHiEE,  Bardsey  near  Leeds.  Lancashire, 
gall  (a)  H.  3274  only,  near  Lindale;  Blackburn  diatrict 
(G.  W.  Nixon),  perhaps  referable  to  P.  sodalis  or  both 
species.  Mr.  Burkill,  1916,  records  this  species  from  P, 
spinosa,  Devon, 

207.  P.    traehelif     Wachtl,    1885,    p.    195    {Ceddotngia) ; 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  82. 
On  Campanula  rolundifdia.    Swanton,  796,  797 ;  Houard, 
5513. 
Durham,  near  Wolsingham. 

•208.  P.  (reili  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  25  {gall);  1913-2,  p.  82. 
On  Ranunculus  acris,  =  Cecidomyid  sp.    Houard,  2420, 
Northumberland,  Ovingham.    Durham,  near  Penshaw. 

209.  P.  (rifolii  F.  Loew,  1874,  p.  143  {Cecidomyia] ; 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  82. 

Onrri/o/iuwspp.     Swanton,  568, 569,  572, 577 ;  Houard, 
3589-91-96-64. 
Records  from  all  counties  excepting  Westmoreland. 

*210.  Perrisia  sp.     Burkill,  1916. 

On  TrifoUnm  pralense.  leaflets  folded  into  a  pod  resem- 
bling the  gall  caused  by  P.  trlfoUi,  but  each  gall  is  occupied 
by  a  white  larva. 

Durham,  ncarHylton.  Northumberland,  Warkworth. 
Recorded  by  Mr.  Burkill  from  Derbyshire. 

t  Ptrrieia  sodalis  may  alxo  occur  in  the  gail  32T4,  but  the  presence 
of  3269  enables  one  to  definitely  record  P.  lortrix. 


u,y,l,7rJM,G00glc 


Preliminary  Catalogue  of  British  Ceddomyidae.  383 
*211.  Perrisia  sp.    Burkill,  1916. 

On  Trifolium  repens,  leaves  thickened  and  forming  a 
firm  Seshy  gall,  with  aborted  buds  inside,  among  which 
live  several  larvae. 

Recorded  by  Mr.  Burkill  from  Surrey. 

212.  p.   tublcola   Kiefter,    1889-1,    p.    188    {Cectdomyia); 
1913-2,  p.  82. 
On  Cylisus  scoparius.     Swanton,  559 ;  Houard,  3423. 
Northumberland  and  Durham,  several  records.     Cum- 
berland, Keswick.     Lancashire,  Freshfield. 

*213.  P.  nUcis  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  31  (gall);  1913-2,  p.  82. 

On  Vlex,  =  Cecidomyid  sp.     Houard,  3396. 

Northumberland,  between  Alnmouth  and  Warkworth. 
Durham,  Gibaide,  Waldridge  (gall  only).  LANCASHrRE, 
Grange-over-Sands  (signs).     Yorkshire,  Bston  (old  galls). 

214.  P.  ulnuriae  Bremi,  1847,  p.  52  (Cecidomyia) ;  Kieffer, 

1913-2,  p.  82. 
On  Spiram  JJlmaria.    Swanton,  475 ;  Houard,  2839. 
Common ;  records  from  all  counties. 

215.  Perrisia  sp. 

On  Spiraea  Filipendula.  Perrisna  ulmaria  of  Swanton, 
476  and  Houard,  2830.  Swanton  (1912,  p.  64)  suggest* 
the  name  P.  jiUpenduUte  for  this  gall,  but  that  name  has 
already  been  used  by  Kieffer  (1909,  p.  29)  for  another 
species  affecting  the  same  plant. 

•216.  P.  ulmicola  Kieffer,  1909.  p.  31  (gall  and  larva); 
1913-2,  p.  82. 

On  Ulmus. 

Durham,  Bummoor,  Gibside,  Norton.  Northumber- 
land, Warkworth,  rare.    YoRKf^HiRE,  Bardsey,  near  Leeds. 

217.  P.  urtteae  Perris,  1840,  p.  403  (Ceddomyia);  1913-2, 
p.  82. 
On  Urticadioicn  and  (more  rarely)  on  U.vrenti.    Swantcn, 
312,  316 ;  Houard,  2095,  2099. 
Very  common  everywhere. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


384     Messrs.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Hamaon's 

•218.  P.  noeinlvonun  Kieffer  (nom.  nov.  for  nux^nii 
Rubs,  turn  Smith);  Riibsaamen,  1895,  p.  258 
{Dichelomi/ia);  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  82. 

On  Tacdnium  Myrtillua.     Houard,  45W. 

DcRHAM,  rare,  Birtley,  Waldridge. 

219.  P.  veronicM  {chamaedrys  Inchb.)  Vallot,  1827,  p.  93 

(Cecidomyia),  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  83. 

On  Veronica  Chainaedrys.  Swanton,  728;  Houard,  5080. 
Recorded  also  in  Houard  from  the  British  Isles  on  *V. 
officinale  (ullSo)  and  "F.  serpyUifolia  {5105). 

Yen-  common;  records  from  all  counties.  Taken  by 
J.  W.  H.  H.  at  Ninebanks  in  Northumberland  on  V. 
monttwa,  and  by  R.  S.  B.  at  Warkworth  on  V.  officinale. 

220.  P.    vteiM     Kieffer,    1888-1.    p.    105    (Cecidomyia); 

1913-2,  p.  83. 

On  Vicia  spp.  Swanton,  590,  594 ;  Houard,  3731,  3696, 
*3723. 

General ;  records  from  all  counties  excepting  Westmore- 
land. 

221.  P.  violae  F.  Loew,  1880.  p.  34  (Cecidmnyia):  Kieffer. 

1913-2.  p.  83. 
On  Viola  an-ensis.    Swanton.  640;  Houard,  4293. 
Dl'rha.m,  Gibside,  rare.     Cumbeblakd,  near  Nenthead, 
rare. 

•222.  P.  virgae-aureae  Liebet.   1889,  p.  283  {Cecidomyia); 
Kieffer,  1913-2.  p.  83. 
On  SoUdaffo  Viryaiirea.    Houard,  5560,  5564. 
N0RTH1.-MBERLASD,  near  Staward. 

*223.  Perrisia  sp.     Kieffer,  1898. 

On  Solidago  Virgniirea.     Houard,  5559. 
Records  from  all  counties  excepting  Cumberland. 

*224.  P.   vitis-ldaeae   Kieffer,    1909,  p.  31   (gall);   1913-2, 
p.  83. 
On  Vaccinliim  VUt.s-idaea.     Houard,  4570. 
Cumberland,  summit  of  Skiddaw. 


iM,Googlc 


Preliminary  Catalogue  of  British  Cecidomyidae.      385 

*225.  PertisUsp.     Bagnall  and  Harrieon,  1917  (v),  p.  U. 

On  Myosotis  arvensis;  flower  closed  and  slightly  swollen, 
containing  larva. 

Lancashire,  Grange-over-Sands.  Kieffer  has  described 
two  species  of  Perrieia  from  the  flower  of  Myosotis  paluslris. 

HartigtoU  Riibsaamen,  1912,  p.  161. 

226.  H.  annuUpes  Hartig  (jyUiger  H.  Loew),  1844,  p.  162 

{Cecidomyia);  Kiefter,  1913-2,  p.  85. 
Gall  on  beech-leaves.     Swanton,  292;  Houard,  1153. 
Records  from  all  counties  excepting  Westmoreland. 

Taxomyla  Riibsaamen,  1912,  p.  216. 

227.  T.  taxi  Inchbald,  1861,  p.  76  {Ceddomyia);   Kieffer, 

1913-2,  p.  86. 

On  Taxus  baccata.    Swatiton,  14;  Houard,  150. 

Northumberland,  Felton.  Durham,  Gibaide,  Fatfield, 
Birtley.  Lancashire,  Grange-over-feinde,  Silverdale. 
Yorkshire,  Gunnergate. 

Group   A.HPHONDYLARIAE. 

Sehiiomyla  KiefEer,  1889-1,  p.  183. 

228.  5.  KaUorum  Kieffer,  1889,  p.  184;  1913-2,  p,  89. 
On   Galium  spp.     Swanton,   746,   756;   Houard,   5281, 

5248. 

Records  from  all  counties  excepting  Westmoreland  and 
Cheshire. 

*228a.  S.   Ugustrl   Riibsaamen    1899-1,   p.   598;    Kiefter, 
1913-2,  p.  89. 
In  flowers  of  privet.     Houard,  4679. 
Durham,  Hemlington;  Hesleden  Dene.     Also  taken  at 
Bath. 

KleOeria  Mik,  1895,  p.  96. 

229.  K.   plm^ellae   F.    Loew   (umbellataTuin   F.    Loew) 

1874,  p.  157;  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  90. 
On  UmbeUiferae  spp.     Swanton,  657,  666,  670 ;  Houard, 
4445,  4499,  4529. 

Dubhau,  abundant  on  a  plant  of  *  Angelica  sylvestris^ 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


386     Messrs.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison's 

Lamesley;  once  only  on  PimpineUa  saxifraga,  Penshaw. 
On  Daucus  carota,  Hart  (J.  Gardner),  This  species  is  not 
recorded  in  Houard  on  Angelica. 

Asphondylla  H.  Loew,  1850,  p.  21. 

230.  A.  dorycnii  F.  Loew,  1880,  p.  37;  Kieffer,  1913-2, 

p.  93. 
On  Lhrifcnium. 

231.  A.  genistae  H.  Loew,  1850,  p.  38;  Kieffer,  1913-2, 

p.  93. 
On  Genista  (germanica,  Houard,  3345). 

*232.  A.  Inpultnae  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  14  (gall  and  nymph); 
1913-2,  p.  93. 

On  Medicago  lupulina,  =  Aspfumdylia  ap.    Houard,  3506. 

Northumberland,  Warkworth,  Durham,  Birtley ;  near 
Penshaw.     Cumberland,  near  Alston. 

233.  A.  mayari  Liebel,  1889,  p.  266;  Kieffer,  1913,  p.  93. 
On  Cylisus  scoparius.    Swanton,  558;  Houard,  3412. 
Northumberland  and  Durham,  many  records.     Lanca- 
shire, Freshfield. 

*234.  ?A.  mikli  Wachtl,  1880,  p.  535;  Kieffer,  1913-2, 
p.  94. 

"  Medicago  hipulina.  Perrisia  sp.  Seeds  swollen  and 
enlarged,  each  containing  a  yellow  midge  larva."— Burkill, 
1916,  p.  5. 

Yorkshire,  Burkill's  record. 

*235.  A.  melanopus  Kieffer,  1890-1,  p.  31;  1913-2,  p.  93. 

Seed-pods  of  Lotus  corniculatxis,  rare.     Houard,  3613. 

Northumberland,  Warkworth.  Durham,  Birtley, 
Tinkler  Fell,  Penshaw  Hill.     Lancashire,  near  Freshfield. 

•236.  A.  ononidls  F.  Loew,  1873,  p.  139;  1913-2,  p.  94. 
On  Ononis  repens.     Houard,  3501. 

Northumberland.  Warkworth.    Durham,  on  the  coast 
etween  Horden  and  Hart. 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


Preliminanf  Catalogue  of  British  Ceddomyidae.      387 

*237.  A.   prozima  Kiefter,  1909,   p.  30  (larva  and   gall); 
1913-2,  p.  94. 
On  Thymxis  Serpyllum,  =  Cecidomyid  sp.    Houard,  4914, 
Durham,    Stanhope.     Cumberland.    Alston.     Lanca- 
shire and  Westmoreland,  Hampsfell  and  Meathop  Fell, 
near  Grange-over-Sanda. 

238.  A.  urothsmni  H.  Loew,  1850,  p.  38;  Kieffer,  1913-2, 

p.  94. 
On    Cylisus    scoparitis.    Swanton,    556,    557 ;   Houard, 
3414,  3422. 

Records  from  all  counties  excepting  Westmoreland. 

239.  A.  thyml  Kieffer,  1898-2,  p.  59;  1913-2,  p.  94. 

On  Thymus  Serpyllum.    Swanton,  699;  Houard,  4913. 
Northumberland,  Warkworth. 

240.  A.  uUcis  VerraU,  1875,  p.  225  (gall);  Kieffer,  1913-2, 

p.  94. 
On  Vkx  europaeus.    Swanton,  552 ;  Houard,  3395,  3397. 
Conunon;  records  from  all  counties. 


Group  Brachyneubahiae. 
Phaenotautbla  Kieffer,  1912-2,  p.  2. 
♦241.  P.  cardui  Kieffer,  1904-2,  p.  346;  1913-2,  p.  111. 
In  galla  of  Trypela  cardui. 
Durham,  Penshaw  and  Edraondsley. 

BUUoIa  Kieffer,  1896-3,  p.  5. 

242.  H.  tagl  {Tipuh  rubra  Hermann)  Hartig,  1839,  p.  4; 

Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  105. 
Gall  on  leaves  of  Fagus.    Swanton,  291 ;  Houard,  1151, 
Northumberland  and  Durham,  several  records.    Cum- 
berland, Alston.     Yorkshire,  Marton. 

Lasiopteryx  Stephens.t  1829,  p.  240. 

243.  L.  obfuscaia  Meigen,   1818,  p.  90;  Kieffer,  1913-2, 

p.  117. 

t  Doubtful  genus. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


388     Messrs.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison's 

Braohyneura  Rondani,  1840,  p.  18  [type  fuaco-grisea 
Rondani). 

244,  B.  slygia  Walker  {nee  Meigen).t 

Group  Cecidomyiariae  (Diplosariae). 
Hormomyia  H.  Loew,  1850,  pp.  20  and  31. 

246.  H.fischeri  Frauenfeld,  1867,  p.  781 ;  Kieffer,  1913-2, 

p.  138. 
On  Garex  limosa.    Swanton,  72. 

•246.  H.  fritenl  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  5;  1913-2,  p.  138. 

Durham,  Gibside,  on  Carex  binervis;  Birtlev  Fell,  on 
C.fiava. 

247.  ff .  yrffn(/i«,  Meigen,  1804,p.  39  (Cecid<miyia);  Kieffer, 

1913-2,  p.  138. 

*248.  H.  kneuokeri  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  5;  1913-2,  p.  138. 
On  Carex  sleUulata.  —  Hormomyia  sp,  Houard,  368. 
Durham,  Waldridge. 

Dishormomyfa  Kieffer.  1912-2,  p.  2. 
•249.  D.    oornitex    Kieffer,   1898-2.    p.    60    (Hortnomyia); 
1913-2,  p.  139. 

On  Carex  slricta  and  C.  fiava.    Houard.  373. 
Durham,    near    Chester-le-Street.     Che.shire,    BidstOD 
Hill. 

Trishormomyla  Kieffer,  1912-2,  p.  2. 
•250.  T.  tuberlflca  Riibsaamen,  1899,  p.  603  (Hormomyia); 
Kieffer.  1913-2,  p.  140. 
On  Carejr  spp.     Houard,  376. 

Cheshire.  Bidston  Hill,  not  rare.  ?  Durham.  Gibside, 
on  C.  bineri-is,  and  coast  between  Horden  and  Hart,  on 
C.  glaucn.    Northumberland,  Warkworth,  on  C.  glauca. 

t  See  Collin,  1904,  note  (3). 


u,y,l,7rJM,G00glc 


Prdiminary  CaifUoffue  of  British  Ceddomyidae.      389 
Cyrtodiplosis  Kiefler,  1912-2,  p.  1. 

*251.  C.  erassiurva  Kieffer,  1901-2.  p.  172  (Clitwdiplosis) ; 
1913-2,  p.  144. 

On  Slachys  sylvatica.     Houard,  4859. 

Durham,  Birtley,  Lamesley,  LambtoD  and  Fatfield. 

HoDartliropalpiis  Rubsaameu,  1892,  p.  381. 

252.  M.   buxi  Geoffrey,  1764,  p.  545  {Scatiypse);  Kieffer, 
1913-2,  p.  150. 
Yorkshire,  Nunthorpe. 

Dlehrona  Riibsaamen,  1899,  p.  542. 
•253.  D,    gallanim    Rubsaamen,    1899,    p.    542;    Kiefier, 
1913-2,  p.  151. 
On  Carex  app. 

NoRTHUMBBRiAND.  Bamburgh,  on  C.  dxstana.  Durham, 
Waldridge,  on  C.  fiava.  Cheshire,  Bidston  Hill,  several, 
on  C  atricUi. 

Arthrocnodsx  Riibsaamen,  1895-2,  p.  189. 
254.  A.fraxindla  Meade,  1888,  p.  77  (Diplosis);  Kieffer. 
1913-3,  p.  156. 
In  galla  of  the  Eriophyid,  E.  fraxini,  on  Ash. 

Phaenobremla  Kieffer,  I9I2-2,  p.  I. 

*255.  Phaenobremia  sp.     Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-2,  p. 

208. 
Durham,  West  Cornforth,  larvae  feeding  on  Aphis  mali 
on  apple. 

Aphidoletes  Kieffer,  1904-2,  p.  385. 

•256,  A.  abletls  Kieffer,  1896-2,  p.  382  (Bremia);  1913-2, 
p.  164. 

Durham,  in  galla  of  Adelges  abielis,  Gibside. 

*257.  Aphidoletes  sp.     Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-3,  p.  229. 
Durham,  in  galls  of  Adeiges  strobtlobius,  Gibside;  larva 
entirely  red. 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


390     Messrs.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison's 

Anabramla  KieiTer,  1912-2,  p.  I. 
*258.  A.  DelkToyel  Kieffer,  1896-2,  p.  384;  1913-2,  p.  169. 

On  Latkyrus  pratensis.    Clinodiplosis  bdlevoyei,  Houard, 
3774. 

Records  from  all  counties, 

*259.  A.  vIclM  KieSer  (nom.  nov.)  {Clitutdiphsis  longiven- 
tris  larva,  but- not  imago),  1909,  p.  32;  1913-2, 
p.  169. 
In   flowers  of  Vida  sepium.    C.  longivetUris,   Houard, 
3694. 
Durham,  Fatfield,  taken  by  Mr.  W.  Hall. 

Hadrobremia  Kieffer,  1912-2,  p.  L 
*260.  H.   loaglvenlris   Kieffer   (imago,   not   larva ;    trifolii 
Kieffer larva, I.e.  p.  31),  1909,p.34(CIt"norfipfewM); 
1913-2,  p.  170. 
On    Trifdium   pratense.     C.    Irifolii    Kieffer,    Houard 
(supplement),  0922. 
DoKHAM,  Birtley. 

Endaphls  KieSer,  1896-2,  p.  383. 
*261.  E.  perfidus  Kieffer,  1896-2,  p.  383;  1913-2,  p.  172. 
Endoparasite  of  Aphis  plaianoides. 
Northumberland,  Warkworth. 

•262.  Endaphis  sp.     Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-2,  p.  208. 
Endoparasite  of  an  Aphis  on  Ononis. 
Durham,  Penshaw  Hill. 

Thuraula  Rubsaamen,  1899-2,  p.  38. 
•263.  Thuraula  sp.    Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-2,  p.  208. 
Durham,    Waldridge    Fell,    in    leaf-sheaths    of    Carex 

Goodenovii,  submerged. 

Syndiplosis  Rubsaamen,  1910,  p.  425. 
•264.  S.   iDDieerearum   F.   Loew,    1877,   p.    17   {Dipiosis); 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  178. 
On  Viburnum  Opuhts.  Cant.  Umicereamm,  Houard,  5338. 
Northumberland,  Ovingham.    Durham,  Fatfield,  Gib- 
aide,  Waldridge  Fell. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lL' 


PreHminary  Catalogue  of  British  Cecidomyidae.      391 

265.  5.  pe/ioi*  Kieffer,  1898-2,  p.  37  (ffarmandia) ;  1913-2, 
p.  178. 
On  Popidus  Iremula.     H.  petioli,    Swanton,   173,   174; 
Houard,  493,  497. 

Contarlnia  Rondani,  1860,  p.  287. 
♦266.  C.  awtosu  Kieffer,  1901-2,  p.  31 ;  1913-2,  p.  179. 

In  flowers  of  Rumex  Acetosa  and  AcdoseUa.  Houard, 
2128,  2136. 

Northumberland,  Watkworth.  Durham,  Greenside 
and  near  Lanchester;  Beamish.     Cheshire,  Bidston  Hill. 

♦267.  C.  anthobU  F.  Loew,  1877,  p.  16;  Kieffer,  1913-2, 
p.  179. 

In  flowers  of  Crataeffus  OxyacarUha.    Houard,  2941. 

Northumberland  and  Durham,  several  records.  York- 
shire, Gunnergate. 

•268.  C.  barbiehei  Kieffer,  1890-1,  p.  29;  1913-2,  p.  179. 

(a)  On  Lotus  comicukUtts.    Houard,  3617, 
Not  rare ;  records  from  all  counties. 

(b)  On  Lotus  major.    Houard,  3627. 
Durham,  Gibside  and  Tinkler  Fell. 

*269.  C.  totaUcola  Kieffer,  1889-1,  pp.  155  and  171; 
1913-2,  p.  179. 

On  Betula  (dba.     Houard,  1069. 

Northumberland  and  Durham,  several  records.  Lan- 
cashire, Freshfield,  Grange-over-Sands.  Cheshire,  Bid- 
ston Hill.     Yorkshire,  Elston. 

270.  C.  betuUna  Kieffer,  1889-1,  p.  153;  1913-2,  p.  179. 

On  Belubt  alba.    Swanton,  192;  Houard,  1076. 

Northumberland  and  Durham,  several  records.  Lan- 
cashire, sandMUs  near  Freshfield,  plentiful.  Yorkshire, 
Eiston;  Leeds. 

271.  C.  eammnulae  Kieffer,  1895-3,  p.  9;  1913-2,  p.  180. 
On   Campanula   rotuiidiftdia.    Swanton,   795;    Houard, 

KU, 

NoBTHUMBBRLANT),  Warkworth. 


n,g,t,7.dh,GoOglc 


392     Messrs.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison's 

•272.  C.  coryU  KiefEer,  1909,  p.  31 ;  1913-2,  p.  180. 
On  Corylus  Avdlnna.        =  Diplosine  s^t..  Honard,  1062- 
North  ITMBEBLAND  and  Durham,  several  records.    Lak- 
CASHiRE,  Grange-over- Sands,  rather  rare.     Westmoreland, 
Kirkby-Stephen.     Yorkshire,  Bardsey,  near  Leeds. 

273.  C.  craccae  Kieffer,  1897-3,  p.  15;  1913-2,  p.  180. 

On  Fw-w  spp.  Swanton,  589,  593 ;  Houard,  3721,  3693. 
Not  uncommon ;  records  from  all  counties  excepting 
Westmoreland. 

*274.  C.  cucuball  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  28;  1913-2,  p.  28. 
On  Silene  inflala.  =■  CotUarinia  sp.,  Houard,  2266. 

Durham,  Birtley,  Fatfield  and  Hytton. 

*275.  C.  gei  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  9;  191 J-2,  p.  180. 

On  Geum  rirah.  =  Diplostne  sp.,  Houard,  3091. 

Cumberland,  near  Nenthead. 

276.  C.  bellantheml  Hardy,  1850,  p.  187;  Kieffer,  1913-2, 

p.  180. 

On  Helirmthemiiin  rulgare.  Swanton,  631 ;  Houard, 
4269. 

Northumberland,  Cheviot  district  (Hardy).  Durham, 
Byhope,  Easington,  Horden  and  Blackhall  R^cks, 
Lanl'a.shire  and  Westmoreland,  Silverdale,  Lindale, 
and    U  range -over- San  da  neighbourhood. 

277.  C.   taeraclel    Kiibsaanien,    1889-1,   p.   274;  Kieffer, 

1913-2,  p.  180. 
On  Herachum  Sphondylitnn.    Swanton,  668;    Houard, 
451.1. 
Nobthu.mberland,  Langley  W'oods.    Durham,  Birtley, 
;  Hylton  and  neat  Washington,  rare.    CuM- 
I,  Nenthead. 


•278.  C.  lalhyrl  Kieffer.  1909,  p.  13;  1913-2,  p.  181. 

In  flowprof  lAilhyrxs  praleti.iis.  =  CorUarinia  sp.,  Houard, 
3770. 

Durham,  Penshaw,  a  few;  Lamesley,  one  only. 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


Preliminary  Catalogue  of  British  Cecidomyidae.      393 

279.  C.  HnwiM  Winnertz,  1853,  p.  260;  Kiefter,  1913-2, 

p.  181. 
On  Linaria  vulgaris.    Swantoii,  724 ;  Houard,  5028. 
Durham,  Biddick  and  Fatfield  (B.  S.  B.  and  W.  Hall), 
Birtley.    Lancashire,  near  Freshfield. 

280.  C.  loU  De  Geer,  1776,  p.  420;  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  181. 
(a)  On  Lolus  comiculatus.  Swant<in,583;  Houard,"3614. 
Northumberland,  Ninebanks.  Durham,  several  records.  ' 

Cumberland,  Alston.  Lanca.shibe,  Birkdale,  Ainsdale, 
Freshfield,  in  numbers. 

*{b)  On  Lotus  major.     Houard,  3625. 

Lancashire,  Ainsdale,  rare.  Yorkshire,  see  Burkill, 
1916.  Mr.  Burkill  also  records  this  from  Surrey  and 
Staffordshire  on  L.  major. 

•281.  ?C.  medicaginis  Kieffer,  1895^,  p.  150;  1913-2, 
p.  181. 

On  Medicago  falcata.    Swanton,  562. 

The  species  recorded  by  Connold  and  Swanton  (562), 
"  Flowers  and  seed-pod  swollen,  reddish.  Tjar\'ae  gre- 
garious," would  seem  to  refer  to  this  species  and  (in  the 
aeed-pod)  Asphondylia  mikit.    Certainly  not  to  C.  loti. 

282.  C.  melanoeera  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  76;  1913-2,  p.  181. 
On  Genista  iincloria.    Swanton,  550;  Houard,  3372. 
Durham,  Gibside,  plentiful. 

•283.  C.  nastmtii  Kieffer,  1888-2,  p.  263;  1913-2,  p.  181. 
See   Carpenter,   1911,  pp.    68-71,    on    Brassica    Rapa. 
Houard,  6701  (supplement). 

•284.  C.  nieolayi  Bubsaamen,  189.5-1,  p.  183;  Kieffer, 
1913-2,  p.  181. 

On  Heracleum  Sphondiflium.    Houard,  4509. 

Durham,  many  records.  Cumberland,  Alston.  Lan- 
cashire, Grange  and  Liiidale.     Yorkshire,  Redcar. 

•285.  C.  ononidis  Kieffer,  1889-3.  p.  93;  1913-2,  p.  181. 
On  Ononis  repens.    Houard,  3.500. 
.  Northumberland,     Warkworth.     Durham,     between 
Horden  and  Hart;  also  Kyhope. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


394     Messrs.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison's 

286^  C.  pyri?ora  Riley,  1886,  p.  283  {Diplosis);  Kiefier, 
1913-2,  p.  181. 
On  Pyrus  communis.    Swanton,  525 ;  Houard,  2855, 
Durham,  Wear  and  Derwent  valleys,  a  few  old  records. 

287.  C.   quercina  Riibsaamen    (dryophila   Kiefier),    1890, 
p.  21 ;  Kiefier,  1913-2,  p.  181. 
On  Quercus.    Swanton,  278;  Houard,  1207. 
Durham,  Gibaide,  Fatfield  and  West  Comforth.    York- 
shire, Bardaey,  near  Leeds. 

*288.  C.  rubloola  (Kiefier,  1908,  gall  and  larva)  Rub- 
saamen,  1910,  p.  424;  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  181. 

In  flowers  of  Rulms  caesitis.    Houard  (supplement),  6775. 

Northumberland,  Warkworth.  Durham,  Birtley,  Bid- 
dick.  Lancashire  and  Westmoreland,  near  Grange- 
over- Sands. 

289.  C.  ruderalis  Kieffer,  1890-3,  p.  198;  1913-2,  p.  181. 
On  Sisymbrium  officinale.  Swanton,  403 ;  Houard,  2576, 
Durham,  Birtley.     Yorkshire,  Redcar. 

*290.  C.  seaUosae  Kieffer,  1898-2,  p.  60;  1913-2,  p.  182. 

On  Scafnosa  Columbaria.    Houard,  5463. 

Durham,  near  Birtley ;  PenahawHill;  TunBtal  Hill,  near 
Sunderland ;  Horden  and  Hart.   Cumberland,  near  Alston. 

•291.  C.  sooparil  Rubsaaraen,  1889-2,  p.  48;  Kieffer, 
1913-2,  p.  182. 

On  Cy(isMS  scoparius.    Houard,  3421  and  3430. 

Durham,  Horsleyhope  and  between  Newbiggin  and 
Rowley ;  Wolsingham. 

•292.  C.  sorbi  Kieffer,  1896-1,  p,  99;  1913-2,  p.  182. 

On  Pyrus  Aueuparia.     Houard.  2909. 

Durham,    Westgate.     Cumberland,    near   Alston, 
Cheshire,  Bidston.    Yorkshire,  Great  Ayton  Moor, 

293.  C.   steini   Karach,    1881,    p.    227;    Kieffer,    1913-2, 
p.  182. 
On  Lychnis  alba  and  *L.  dioica.     Swanton,  345 ;  Houard, 
2291  and  '2294. 

Records  from  all  counties  excepting  Westmoreland. 


ih,Cooi^lc 


Prelimnary  Catahffue  of  British  Ceddomyiiae.      395 

294.  C.  tUiarum  Kiefler,  1890-2,  p.  193;  1913-2,  p.  182. 

On  Tiha  platypkyllos  and  T.  vulgaris.  Swanton,  615-17, 
619;  Houard,  4122-23-25-54. 

Records  from  all  counties  excepting  Westmoreland  and 
Cheshire. 

♦295.  C.  tngopogonis  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  30;  1913-2,  p.  182. ' 
On  Tragopogonpratensis.^CorUariniaRp.,  Houard, 6077. 
DaRHAM,  Wear  Valley,  from  Chestet-le-Street  to  Hylton; 

Byhope,     Lancashire,    Birkdale.       Cheshire,    Bidston. 

Yorkshire,  Redcar. 

296.  C.  tralU  Kieffer,  1889-2,  p.  262;  1913-2,  p.  182. 
Flowers  of  Pimjnnella  Saxifraga.   Swanton,  658 ;  Houard, 

4446. 

Durham,  near  Penshaw,  galls  only,  rare. 

297.  C.  iTemuhe  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  78;  1913-2,  p.  182. 
On  Popttlus  tremula.    =^  Contarinia  sp.,  Swanton,  172; 

Houard,  502. 

298.  C.  trUid,  Kirby,  1797,  p.  246  {Cecidomyia) ;  Kieffer, 

1913-2,  p.  182. 

*299.  C.   Valerianae   Riibsaamen,    1890,    p.    231 ;    Kieffer, 
1913-2,  p.  182. 
Valeriana  sambucifiAia.     Houard,  5421. 
Durham,  Gibside. 

*300.  C.  ?ibamorum  Kieffer  (nom.  nov.  for  C.  vibumi 
Kieff.  non  Pelt),  1912-1,  p.  230;  1913-2,  p.  182. 

In  flowers  of  Viburnum  Opulua. 

Northumberland,  Ovingham.  Durham,  many  records. 
Cumberland,  Keswick. 

*301.  Contarlnia  sp.     Riibsaamen;  Lagerheim. 

On  Oalium  ventm.     Houard,  5288. 

DuRHA.M,  Penshaw  Hill.  Northumberland,  Hamburgh, 
Warkworth.     Also  from  Scotland. 

•302.  Contarfnia  sp.    Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-3,  p.  229. 
On  Bupleurum  tenuissimum. 
Durham,  Greatham. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


396     Means.  R.  S.  BagnaD  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison's 

Stielodiploais  Kieffer.  1891,  p.  28. 
303.  S.  ewrSm  P-  Loew,  1878.  p.  366;  Kieffer.  1913-2, 
p.  183. 
On  Coryliu  Af^lana.    Swanton,  215;  Houard,  1053. 

La>'cashibe.  Grange-over- Sands,  not  uncommon.  Dur- 
ham, wood  near  Fatfield.  Northumberland,  Warkworth 
and  Ovingham.    Yorkshire,  Bardsey,  near  Leeds. 

*3M.  S.  hjpoeboeridb  Rubsaamen,    1891,  p.  52;   Kieffer. 
1913-2,  p.  183. 
(a)  On  Hypochoeris  radicata.    Houard,  6034. 
Records  from  all  counties. 

(6)  On  Crepis  biennis.     Houard  (supplement).  7538. 
Yorkshire,  Stainton. 

305.  S.  )aeobaea«  H.  Loew,  1850,  p.  29;  Kieffer,  1913-2, 
p.  183. 
On  Senecio  Jacobaea  and  *S.  erucifolifU.    Swanton,  841 ; 
Houard,  5865. 

Records  from  all  counties  excepting  Cumberland,  bui 
only  once  on  5.  emcifolius  (Cowpen-Bewley,  co.  Durham). 

*306.  S.  pUosellae  Kieffer,  1896-1,  p.  100;  1913-2,  p.  183. 

On  Hieracium  Pilosella.    Houard.  6197. 

Durham,  Fatfield,  and  Tunstal  Hill,  near  Sunderland, 
rare. 

307.  S.sorophul»riae  Kieffer,  1896-1,  p.  100;  1913-2,  p.  183. 

On  ScTophularia  nodosa.    Swanton,  726;  Houard,  5063. 

Northumberland,    near   Staward.    Durham,   Oibside, 

locally  plentiful ;  Fencehouaes.     Lanca.shtre,  Grange-over- 

Sands,  rare. 

♦308.  5.  umbellatarum  Riibaaamen,  1910,  p.  422;  Kieffer, 
1913-2,  p.  183. 
Flowers  of  Pimpinella  magna. 
Lancashire,  near  Grange -over*  Sands. 

Tbecodlplosis  Kieffer,  1895-2,  p.  194. 
309.  T.  braehynlera  Schwagrichen,   1835,  p.  162  {Cecido- 

myin];  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  184. 
On  Pinus  sylreslris.    Swanton,  21 ;  Houard,  76. 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


Prdiminaty  Catalogue  of  British  Cectdomtfidae.      397 

Northumberland,  neat  Warkworth.  DtmHAM,  Tinkler 
Fell.    Lancashire,  Oiange-over-Sands. 

Hyrleomyia  Kieffer,  1900,  p.  470. 
•310.  H.  nuditerranes  F.  Loew,  1885-2,  p.  485  (DtpUms) ; 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  186. 
On  Erica  Telralix. 

Northumberland,  Blanchland.  Durham,  Waldridge, 
Birtley,  Kilihope  and  Waakerley.  CuMBBBLAND,  Killhope. 
Yorkshire,  Eaton  and  Ayton. 

Zeuiddiplosis  Kieffer,  1904-2,  p.  349. 

*311.  Z.    KUrdl    Kieffer,    1896-2,    p.    383    {Theeodiplosis 

giardiana  Kieffer,  1898) ;  1913-2,  p.  187. 

On  (a)  Hypericum  perforatum  and  (ft)  H.  pulcknim.  =  Z. 

giardiana,  Houard,  4"210,  4202. 

NoRTHUMBEBiwiND,  near  Staward  (fc),  rare.  Durham, 
Gibside  (a),  rare.    Cumberland,  near  Nenthead  (b),  rare. 

Atrtehosenu  Kieffer,  1904-2,  p.  347. 
312.  A.  aceris  Kieffer,  1904-2,  p.  348;  1913-2,  p.  189. 
On  Acer  campeslris.     Swanton,  606,  607 ;  Houard,  4030. 

Trlehodiplosis  Kieffer,  1912-1,  p.  229. 
*313.  T.  oartsts  Kieffer,  1898-2,  p.  61  (Antichira);  1913-2, 
p.  191. 

In  leaf-sheatha  of  Carex  Goodenovii  and  C,  glnuca. 
Durham,  Waldridge.    Northumberland,  Warkworth. 
Cumberland,  Alston.     Cheshire,  Bidaton, 

Antichirldlum  Rubsaamen,  1911,  p.  168  (for  Antichira 
Rubs.  1911,  won  Eschscholz). 
*314.  A.   strUtiiin  Riibsaamen.   1911,  p.   122   (Antichira); 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  192. 
In  leaf-sheaths  of  grasses  and  sedges  if  large  and  coarse. 
Northumberland,     Warkworth,     on     Varex    jtenduh. 
Durham,  Birtley,  on   Typha  UtfifoUu;  Oibside,  on  Carex 
pendula;  and  near  Swalwell,  on  Phrngmites.     Lanca.shire, 
near  Grange-over-Sanda,  on  Pkragmiles. 
TRANS.  ENT.  80C.  LOND.  1917. — PARTS  II,  III,  IV.  (mAY '18)  DD 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


398     Meflsra.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison'B 
Lestodiplosis  KieSer,  1894,  p.  28. 

315.  i.  callida  Winnertz,  1853,  p.  255  {Diphsis);  Kieffer, 

1913-2,  p.  197. 

316.  L.    cerUralis    Winnertz,    1853,    p.    277    {Diphsis) ; 

Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  197. 

Pseudhormomyia  Kieffer,  1898-2,  p.  57. 

317.  P.  granHex  Kieffer,  1898-2,  p,  57-8;  1913-2,  p.  204. 
On   Carex  aiespitosa,    *C.   paniculaia,   *C.   slrttta  and 

C.  flava.    Swanton.  71 ;  Houard,  '374. 

Cheshire,  Bidston  Hill,  on  C.  slricta.  Durham,  Birtley, 
on  C.jiava. 

Taphodlplosis  Kieffer,  1912-2,  p.  2. 
•318.  T.  lubterranea  Kieffer  el  Trotter,  1905,  p.  65  (Pseud- 
hormontyia);  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  205. 

On  Carex  spp.     Houard,  366. 

Northumberland,  Hamburgh,  on  C.  distans.  Durham, 
near  Lanchester,  on  C.  divuUa ;  Waldridge,  on  C.  ftava ; 
Gibside,  on  C.  binervis.    Lancashire,  Grange-over-Sands. 

Dyodlplosis  Riibsaamen,  1912,  p.  49. 
•319.  D.  arenariae  Rubsaamen,  1899,  p.  602  {Hormmnyia). 
On  Carex  arenarm. 
North u.mberl AND,  Bamburgh,  rare. 

Loewiola  Kieffer,  1896-3,  p.  5. 

320.  L.  centaureae  F.  Loew,  1870,  p.  25  (Diplosis) ;  Kieffer, 

1913-2,  p.  207. 
(a)  On  Centaurea  nigra,  very  local.     Swanton,  855,  856, 
Durham,  Fatfield  and  Ryhope.     Lancashire,  Lathom. 
•(&)  On  C.  Scabiosa.    Houard,  599(». 
Durham,  Ryhope. 
Recorded  by  Mr.  Burkill  from  Surrey,  on  C.  Scabiosa. 

Putoniell*  Kieffer,  1896,  p.  4. 

321.  P.    marsupialls    F.    Loew,    1889,    p.    536;    Kieffet, 

1913-2,  p.  209. 
On  Primus  spinosa.    Swanton,  456;  Houard,  3295. 
Durham,  Ryhope  Dene,  plentiful. 


u,y,l,7rJM,G00glc 


Preliminary  Cataloffue  of  Brititk  Ceeidomyidae.      399 

RaidodlplMis  Rubsaamen,  1911,  p.  393. 
•322.  H.  oquestris  B.  Wagner,  1871,  p.  41;  Kieffer,  1913-2, 
p.  210. 
See  Houard,  333. 

Lancashire,  Grange-over-Sands,  on  a  common  grass — 
Triticum  sp.  or  ally.  Brought  forward  aa  British  by  the 
late  F.  Enock. 

CeeMomyU  *Meigen,  1803,  p.  261.t 

323.  C.  pini  de  Geer,*  1776,   p.   417   {Tipula);  Kieffer, 

1913-2,  p.  215. 

324.  G.  flava  Meigen,   1818,  p.  99  {DipUms  Theobald) ; 

Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  215. 

325.  a  «mia  Curtis,  1827,  p.  178;  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  220. 

HMTOdlplotis  Kieffer,  1895-2,  p.  194. 

326.  M.  dryoUa  F.  Loew,   1877,  p.  14;  Kieffer,  1913-2, 

p.  223. 

On  Quercus.    Swanton,  279;  Houard,  1306. 

NoRTUUUBERLAND  and  DuRHAM,  Several  records.  Cum- 
BERLAm),  Keswick.  Lancashire,  Grange.  Yorkshire, 
Bardaey  near  Leeds  and  Nuntborpe. 

327.  H.  volvens  Kieffer,  1904-1,  p.  79;  1913-2,  p.  223. 
On  Quercua.    Swanton,  280;  Houard,  1307. 
Northumberland  and  Durham,  several  records.    Cum- 
berland, Keswick.    Lancashire,  Grange-over-Sands,  rare. 

Xenodi^ods  Felt,  1911,  p.  61  {=  AUodiphsis  Biibs.  non 
Kieffer). 
*328.  X.Ueviu8euliRubsaamen,1911,p.85;  Kieffer,  1913-2, 
p.  228. 
On  gall  of  Neuroterus  laevinsculus. 
Durham,    Fatfield.      Northumberland,    Warkworth. 
Yorkshire,  Bardsey  near  Leeds. 

t  Ajlapeciee  in  this  genus  excepting  the  type  pini  are  insufflciently 
deecrib«d,  and  therefore  cannot  be  relegated  to  any  known  genuB. 

X  Synonyms  ftr«  lalereHa  Zett,,  pihaa  Btemi,  and  pini-maritimae 
Dup. 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


400     Meesrs.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Harriflon's 

PsnIModiplosis  Riibsaamen,  1910,  p.  287. 
•329.  P.    gaUiperda    F.    Loew,    1889,    p.    202    {Diplom); 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  229. 
On  gall  of  Neurotems  lefUicuIaris  on  Oak. 
Northumberland,    Warkworth  and  Ovingham.   York- 
shire, Nunthorpe. 

Rarmandia  Kieffer,  1896-3,  p.  5. 
330.  H.  tnmulae  Winnertz,  1853,  p.  263 ;   Kieffer,  1913-2, 

p.  234. 
On  Populm  tremi/la.    Swanton,  175;  Honard,  506. 
Durham,  Low  FeU. 

•331.  H.  pustulani  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  18  (gall),  and  1912-1, 
p.  230  (larva);  19ia-2,  p.  234. 
On  Pojmliis  tremula.  =  Diplosine  sp.,  Houaid,  513. 

Yorkshire,  Nunthorpe,  very  rare. 

Dichodlplosls  Riibsaamen,  1911,  p.  171. 
•332.  D.  lanKeni  RubBaamen,  1911,  p.  171 ;  Kieffer,  1913-3. 
p.  235. 
On  dried  plums. 
Durham,  Gibside. 

CUnoiUplosIs  Kieffer,  1894-2,  p.  121. 
•333.  C.  betonicae  Kieffer,  1909,  p.  3 ;  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p-  ^^'^' 

In  flower  of  Betonica  officinalis. 

Northumberland,  Ninebanks;  Warkworth.    DuJtP* 
Gibside. 

334.  C.    bolulaiia    Winnertz,    1853,    p.    266    (DipU^^' 
Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  237. 
Inquiline  in  galls  of  Perrisia  fraxini.  '  , 

Northumberland,  near  Staward.     Durham,  PeO»**fL 
Hill     Cumberland,  Alston.     Yorkshire,  Bardsey     ** 
Leeds  and  Gu  uncinate . 

•335.  c.   rosiperda   Rubaaaraen,     1892-2     p     54-  Ki«*^^' 
1913-2,  p.  238, 

On  Rosa  vilhrn   (abroad  on   Rosa  centifolia  ool/r    ^ 
Houard,  R2,  3128). 

n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Prdiminary  Catalogue  of  British  Ceddomyidae.      401 

Durham,  Billingbam,  Latnesley  and  Gibside.  North- 
UUBBRLAND,  Ovingham.     Yorkshire,  Bardsey  near  Leeds. 

*336.  C.  seUechtendftU  RUbsaamen,  1911,  p.  16;  Kieffer, 
1913-2,  p.  238. 

On  Convolwlus  septum. 

Northumberland,    Warkworth.    Durham,    between 
Wolviston  and  Greathara. 

Hyeodiploris  Rilbsaamen,  1895-1,  p.  186. 
336a.  M.  coniophaga  Winnertz,  1853,    p.  267;    Kieffer, 
1913-2,  p.  242. 

*337.  Hyeodiplods  sp.   Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-2,  p.  208. 
On  the  aecidia  of  Ur&myces  jund,  larva  orange-red. 
Durham,  Billingbam. 

•338.  Mycodlplosissp.   Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-2,  p.  208. 

On  Crepia  paludoaa,  larvae  otange-pink,  feeding  on 
Puannia  major. 

Durham,  Waldridge  Fell. 

*339.  HyeodiplMb  sp.  Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917  (v), 
p.  14. 

On  Cirsium  arvense,  larvae  crimson,  feeding  on  Puccinia 
suavoletts. 

Durham,  Fatfield,  Fulwell  near  Sunderland,  Fenshaw. 

NORTHUMBBRLAND,  WarkwOfth. 

*340.  Hyeodlplo^    sp.     Bagnall    and    Harrison,    1917-3, 
p.  229. 
Larvae  yellowish-oiange  on  Puccinia  hieracii  on  H.  boreale. 
Durham,  Winlaton  Mill. 

Hassalongla  KieETer,  1897-3,  p.  12. 
341.  H.  rubra  Kiefler,  1890-3,  p.  199;  1913-2,  p.  246. 
On  Bdula  alba.    Swanton,  193 ;  Houard,  1075. 
Northumberland,    four    miles    north    of    Morpeth ; 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


402      Messrs.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Haniaon's 

Ninebanks.  Durham,  Gibside,  Waldridge,  Tinkler  Fell, 
Urpeth,  Castle  Eden  dene.  Cheshire,  Bidstoo  Hill,  local, 
Yorkshire,  E^ton  Moor ;  Leeds. 

Ametrodlplosis  Riibsasmen,  1911,  p.  278. 
342.  A.  thalictricola  Riibaaamen,  1895-1,  p.  257;  Kieffer, 
1913-2,  p.  246. 
On  Tkaliclrum  minus  and  jlatmm.    Clinadtj^osis  thalic- 
tricola. Swanton,  356,  358;  Houard,  2441,  2448;  and  on 
*  T.  flexuosum,  Houard,  2451. 

Honodiplosls  Riibsaamen,  1910,  p.  289. 
*343.  H.    llebell    KiefEer     (Schizomyia    sociabUis    Riibs.), 
1889  (-1),  p.  174;  1913-2,  p,  248. 
Living  in  galls  of  Macrolabis  dryobia  and  volvens. 
Northumberland,  Ovingham,  with  M.  voh-ena.    Dur- 
ham, Gibside,  Fattield,  with  M.  dryobia. 

Atylodjplosis  Rubsaamen,  1910,  p.  338. 
*344.  A.  rumjcii  H.  Loew,  1850,  p.  190;  Kieffer,  1913-2, 
p.  257. 
In  flowers  of  Rmnex  AceloseUa.    Houard,  2128. 
General    and    sometimes    common ;  records    from    all 
counties  excepting  Westmoreland. 


Group  PoRRITONDYLAKIAE. 
Dirhita  H.  Loew,  1850,  p.  21. 

345.  D.   rhodopUla   Hardy,    1850,   p.    186   {Cecidomyia); 

Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  269. 
Northumberland  and  Durham,  several  records.    See 
No.  185. 

Porrlcondyla  Rondaoi,  1840,  p.  14. 

346.  P.  hngipes  H.  Loew,  1850,  p.  38  {Epidoais);  Kieffer, 

1913-2,  p.  272. 

Winnartila  Rondani,  1860,  p.  287. 

347.  [W.  teneUa  Walker,  1856,  p.  129  {Asynapla);  Kieffer, 

1913-2,  p.  283. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Prdiminary  Catalogue  of  British  Cecidomyidae.      403 
Subfamily  LBSTREMINAE. 

Group  Campylomyzariae. 
Csmpylomyza  Meigen,f  1818,  p.  102  (also  1830). 

348.  [C.   aceris  Meigen,   1818,   p.   102;  Kieffer,   1913-2, 

p.  296. 

349.  [C.  btcoloT  Meigen,   1818,   p.   102;  Kieffer,   1913-2, 

p.  296. 

350.  [C.  flavipes  Meigen,  1818,  p.  102;  Kieffer,  1913-2, 

p.  297. 

351.  C.  ghbifera  Haliday  in  Walker,  1856,  p.  62;  Kieffer, 

1913-2,  p.  297. 

352.  [C.    hatlerala   Zctterstedt,    1852,    p.    43.51;   Kieffer, 

1913-2,  p.  297. 

Amblyspatha  Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  299. 
•353.  A.  ormerodi  Kieffer,  1913-la,  p.  52;  1913-2,  p.  300. 
Only  known  from  Scotland. 


Group  Lestbemiabiae. 
Catoclia  Haliday,  1833,  p.  156. 

354.  [C.  brennernn  Zetteratedt,  1851,  p.  3770  ILeslremia) ; 

Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  307. 

355.  C.  latipes  Haliday,   1833,  p.   156;  Kieffer,   1913-2, 

p.  307. 

Lettremia  Macquart,  18^6,  p.  173. 

356.  L.   camea   H.    Loew,    1844,   p.    324    (Cecidomyia) ; 

Kieffer,  1913-2,  p.  308. 

357.  [L.  cinerea  Macquart,  1826,  p.  173;  Kieffer,  1913-2, 

p.  308. 

t  Due  to  iiwufficiency  of  deseriplion,  many  of  the  Bpeciea  in 
KieSer's  liat  are  doubtfully  included  in  tlic  genus,  doubtless  including 
eome,  if  not  all,  of  tbe  abuve. 


ll,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


VH      Memn.  R.  8.  Bsgnall  and  J.  W.  H.  HftTriaon's 

VjH.  L./u»raMeigen,  1830,p.309;  Kieffer,  1913-3.  p.  3U8. 

3ij!).  L.  leiicnphaea  Meigen  (Juniperina  Fabr.  non  linn), 
1818,  p.  ;i88  iSciara);  Kieffer,  1913-2.  p.  308. 

BubfamUy  HETEROPEZISAE. 
(!<>nuH  MiAHTOR  Meinert,  1864,  p.  42 ;  EieSer,  1913-2,  p.  313. 
*3ri<).A  HUilor  Bp.    Bagtiall  and  Harrison,  1918,  p.  61. 
UiFKiiAM,  Hirtley,  increasing  paedogenetically. 


The  f(»lIowin((  cloven  CeciAomyid  spp.  are  recorded  in 
Kwiiiiton'tt  Itrititth  Catalogue. 

;i(SO.  ('fruhmyitl  ap.    Swanton,  1901. 
On  OphioglonHum  vulgtiftim.    Swanton,  9. 

301.  (\iulnmyul  sp.    Fitch,  1883. 
i)\\  J Hni[ierHS  communis,    ^wanton,  12;  Houard,   134' 

3(12.  (Widomifid  ap.     Zimmerniann,  19(17. 
On  i'mUiHPti  mtn-n.    Swanton,  289;  Houard,  1167- 

363.  Cvoldomyid  sp.     Trail,  1878. 
{)i\  Atitliyllus  Viihternria.    Swanton,  583;  Houard,  360*- 
1)||RIIA.M,  Hirtley. 

361.  (Wi<hmuulap.    Trail,  1878;  Kieffer,  1901. 
On  Vv-iii  .tylmlim,    Swanton,  591 ;  Houard,  3730. 

3li'i.  Ceoidomyid  sp.     Binnie,  1877,  and  others. 

On  Aiii/rh'fii  .tijhvfilrvi.    Swanton.  66i;  Houard,  ^^     "i  . 

DrmiAM,    Vigo;    Hillingham,  in    countless    thou*^"    ' 
l>tiiiiei4loy.     YoRKsHiRK,  tireat  Ayton. 


306.  r,rii!iw!fiil  sp.     IJebel,  Kieffer  and  others. 
On  Vrii'iiiiii  strpitlliftJii).    Swanton,  737;  Houard, 

367.  (Wi,lo„i>/i,l  »p.    Trail.  1878;  Kieffer.  1901. 
On  tlolium  bomile.    Swanton.  744;  Houard,  5196. 


ih,Cooi^lc 


eitfi. 


PrfHiminary  Catalogue  of  British  Ceddomyidae.      405 

368.  Ceddrnnyidti^.    Trail,  1878;  Kieffer,  1897;  1901. 
On  Galium  Aparine.    Swanton,  764 ;  Houard,  5304. 

369.  Dlploslssp.     Trail,  1878;  Kieffer,  1901. 

On    Valeriana    sambucifolia.    Swanton,    783;    Houard, 
542-2. 
Durham,  Waldridge. 

Zlfi.  CMldomyld  sp.     Trail,  1878;  KieSer,  19(11. 
On  Senecio  Jacobaea   and  S.  aquatica.    Swanton,  842, 
845;  Houard,  5864,  5a58. 

Northumberland  and  Durham,  several  records. 

■k  *  *  *  *  * 

The  following  three  species  are  shown  in  Houard  as  from 
the  British  Isles,  but  not  in  Swanton. 

*371.  Ceddomt/id  ap.    Trail,  187^;  Kieffer,  1901. 
On  Rhinanfhm  Crista-galli.    Houard,  5129. 

*372.  Ceddomyld  8p.     Kieffer,  1901. 
On  Tkalidrum  dunense.    Houard,  2456. 
Northumberland,  Watkworth. 

*373.  Cecidomyid  sp.     Kieffer,  1901. 
On  Rosa  sptnosissima.    Houard,  3237. 

The  following  species  are  new  or  recent  records. 

•374.  Ceeidomyid  sp.    Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-3,  p.  230. 
On  Gmim  urbanum,  flowers  remaining  closed. 
Durham,  Norton  and  Fencehouses. 

*375.  Ceoidomyid   sp.    Bagnall   and   Harrison,    1916    (iii), 
p.  203. 
On  Betula  alba. 
Durham,  Waldridge  and  Gibside, 

•376.  Ceeidomyid   sp.    Bagnall   and   Harrison,    1916    (iii), 
p.  203. 
Seeds  of  Trolliits  europaeus. 
Durham,  Billingham. 


n,g,t,7.dhvC00glc 


406     Messrs.  R.  S.  Bi^alJ  and  J.  W.  H.  Hftrriaon'B 

*377.  CecidomyidBp.    Burkill,  1916,  p.  7. 
Salix  aurUa  and  S.  aurita  cinerea,  $  catkins. 
Recorded  by  Mr.  Burkili  from  DerbTshire. 

*378.   !  CHldomyld  sp.    Bagnall  and   Harrison,  1916  (iii), 
p.  203. 
Pod  of  Cylisits  scoparius;  cauaer  doubtfully  Cecidomyid. 
Records  from  NoRTUUMBERLANDaand  Durham. 

*379.  Ceddomyld   sp.     Bagnall    and   Harrison,    1917   (v), 
p.  15. 
Acorns  of  Quercus  Robur  and  ceirU. 
Records  from  Durham,  Yorkshire  and  Lancashire. 

•380.  Csoidomyld  Bp.f  Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1916  {iii), 
p.  '203. 

In  seeds  of  Geranium  pralense  and  G.  sylmliaim  with 
Das.  geranii,  larvae  bright  orange-red  to  red. 
Records  from  Northumberland  and  Durham. 

•381 .  Ceeldomyid  sp.  ( ?  P.  geranii).    B^nall  and  Harrison, 
1916  (iv),  p.  2ry2. 
In  seeds  of  Geranium  dissecium;  larva  yellow. 
Durham,  Fatfield. 

•382.  Ceoldomyld  sp.  ( ?  P.  geranii)  Bagnall  and  Harrison, 
1916  (iv),  p.  252. 
In  seeds  of  Geranium  molle;  larva  yellow. 
Yorkshire,  Redcar. 

•383.  Csoldomyld  sp.  ( ?  P.  geranii).    Bagnall  and  Harrison, 
1917-3,  p.  230. 
In  seeds  of  Geranium  pmillum. 
Northumberland,  Warkworth. 

•384.  Ceiddomyld  sp.  Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1916  (iii), 
p.  -203. 

In  Sowers  and  amongst  seeds  of  Geranium  pusiUum; 
larA'a  almost  transparent  lemon-yellow. 

Lancashire,  Freshfield  and  Ainsdale,  i 


I  regaid  to   these  Ger&niam 


l„y,l,Ajl^,COOl^lC 


Prdiminary  CaUdogue  of  British  Cecidomi/idae.      407 

*385.  CMidomyld  sp.  Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1916  (iv), 
p.  252. 

Erodium  cicutarium,  in  flowers  and  amongst  seeds; 
larvae  creamy-yellow. 

Yorkshire,  Redcar. 

*386.  Ceeldomyld   sp.    Bagnall   and    Harrison,    1916   (iv), 
p.  252;  1917-2,  p.  207. 
On  Pimpinella  Saxifraga. 
Durham,  Fenshaw  HiU. 

•387.  CMldomyld  sp.  (Perrisia  sp.).    Bagnall  and  Harrison, 
1916  (iii),  p.  200. 
On  Vaccinium  Myrlillvs.     Houard,  4566. 
Cumberland,  Skiddaw,    Durham,  Gibside. 

*388.  Csoidomjrid  sp.  ( 1  Janetidia).     Bagnall  and  Harrison, 
1916  (iv),  p.  252. 
On  Euphrasia  officinalis. 
HeconiB  from  all  counties ;  local. 

*3S9.  Ceeldomyid  sp.    B^nall  and  Harrison,  1916  (iv), 
p.  252. 
On  Atriplex  paluta. 
Records  from  Yorkshire  and  Durham. 

•39a  Ceddomyid  ap.     Burkill,  1916,  p.  7. 
On  Slachys  ■paluslris. 
Recorded  by  Mr.  Burkill  from  Derbyshire. 

•391.  Cealdomyid  sp.    Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-3,  p.  230. 
On  Slachys  lanaia. 
Durham,  in  a  garden  at  Fenshaw. 

•392.  Ceddomyid   sp.    Bagnall   and    Harrison,   I9I6   (iii), 
p.  203. 
On  Camjxirivla  rotuvdtfolia. 
Records  from  Durham  and  Cumberland. 

•393.  Ceddomyid  ap.     Burkill,  1916,  p.  8. 
On  AdiiUea  MUUfoUum. 
Recorded  by  Mr.  Burkill  from  Sussex. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


408      Messrs.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison's 


•394.  Ceeidomyid  sp.    Bagnall  and  HamBon,  1917-2,  p.  230. 
On  Achillea  Millefolium. 
Durham,  Hart. 

*39[>.  CsaldDmyid   sp.    Bagnall   and   Hamson,    1916   (iii), 
p.  203. 
On  Taraxacum  officinale. 
Northumberland,  Ninebanks. 

*396.  Cvcidomyld   sp.     Bagnall   and   Harrison,    1916   (iii), 
p.  203. 
In  Hieracium  boreale  seeds. 
Durham,  Birtley  Fell. 

*397.  Ceoldomyld  ap.    Bagnall  and  Hamson,  1917-3,  p.  230. 
Laivae  feeding  on  mildew  on  Oak,  yellowish. 
Northumberland,  Warkworth.    Durham,  Gibdde. 

*398.  CeeMomyld  sp.    Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-3,  p.  230. 

Larvae  feeding  on  mildew  on  rose;  yellonish. 

Durham,    Oibside.     Known    to    the    late    Dr.    Hardy 
(Hardy,  1850). 

•399.  Cvcldomyld  ap.    Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-3,  p.  230. 
Yellow  larvae  in  galls  of  Andricus  fecundaior, 
Northumberland,    Warkworth.     Durham,    Winlaton 

Mill. 

*4(HI.  Ceeidomyid  sp.    Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-2,  p.  230. 
I^rva  milk-white,  in  leaf-sheaths  of  a  small  Carex. 
Durham,  Waldridge  Fell. 

*401.  Ceoidomyld  sp.    Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-2,  p.  230. 

I>arva  white,  red  at  each  end;  in  leaf-sheaths  of  a  small 
Carex. 

Durham,  Waldridge  Fell. 

•402.  CeofdomyEd  sp.  Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1907-3,  p.  230. 
Larvae  bright  rose-red,  under  leaf-sheath  of  Carex  fiava. 
Durham,  Birtlev  Fell. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Preliminan/  Caialoffue  of  British  Ceddomtfidae.      409 

*iaZ.  CMidomyld  sp.    Cotte,  1912. 

Thomlike  gall  on  Galium  verum.  Houard  (supplement}, 
7372. 

Durham,  Penshaw  and  Seaton  Carew,  rare.  Records 
from  Scotland  (Forth  area),  where  it  is  plentiful. 

*404.  Ceeidomyld  ep.    Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-2,  p.  209. 

On  Tkcdifirwn  dunense.    See  Houard,  2443. 

NorthumbesljUxv,  Warkworth.  Durham,  coast  near 
Hart.    Also  from  Scotland. 

■405.  Cecidomyid  ap.    Bagoall  and   Harrison,  1917-2,  p. 

209  (o). 

*406.  CecidomywL  sp.    Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-2,   p. 

210  (t). 

On  Aaragalus  kypoghllis. 
Records  from  Scotland. 

*407;  Cetidomyid  sp.    Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-3,  p.  210. 
I^rva  yellow,  in  spikelets  of  PMeum  ■pralense. 
Durham,  Penshaw. 

*408.  Cseldonvid  sp.    Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-2,  p.  210. 
Minute  yellow  larva  in  the  spikelet  of  Poa  sp. 
Northumberland,  Ninebanks. 

•409..  CKidomyid  sp.    Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-2,  p.  210. 
Larvae  in  spikelets  of  Dadylus  gUymerala. 
Durham,  Penshaw  and  Edmondsley. 

*410.  C«idomyid  sp.    Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-3,  p.  229. 

On  privet,  flowers  remaining  closed,  leathery,  containing 
a  solitary  orange-yellow  larva.  Not  Sclnzomyia  liguslri  of 
Riibsaamen. 

NoKTUUHBEBLAND,  Warkworth. 

*4n.  Cecidomyid  sp.    Bagnal!  and  Harrison,  1917-3,  p.  230. 
On  dead  fungus- attacked  seed-cases  of  Lapsana. 
Durham,  Gibside. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


410     MeBBTfl.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison's 

•412.  Ceoidomjid  ap.     Tavarea,  1907. 

On  Oak.    Houard,  1306a. 

NoRTHUMBERLuUJD,  Warkwoitt.  Durham,  Fatfield. 
Lamcashihe,  Grange-over-Sands. 

MIS.  Cwldomyld  sp.  ( ?  CorUarinia).    Bagnall  and  HarrUon, 
1917-3,  p.  229. 
On  Angelica  sylveatris. 
DuKHAM,  Billingham. 

*414.  CMldomyld  sp.    Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-3,  p.  229. 

Minute  rose-red  larvae  on  dead  seed-cases  of  Scropkulana 
nodosa. 

Northumberland,  between  Warkworth  and  Alnmouth. 
Durham,  Gibside. 

•415.  Ceoldomyid  sp.    Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-3,  p.  229. 

Yellow-orange  larvae  feeding  and  pupating  under  the 
epiderm  of  stems  of  Heradeum  Sph<mdylium  growing  in 
marshy  place. 

Durham,  Gibside. 

'*'416.  Cecidomyld  sp.    Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-3,  p.  229. 

Pale  reddish  larva  feeding  externally  on  what  look  like 
parenchymatous  galls  on  Lonicera. 

Northumberland,  Warkworth. 

•417.  Cvcldomyid  sp.  (f  =  Lasioptera  sp.).  Bagnall  and 
Harrison,  1917-3,  p.  228. 

A  rather  large  bright  salmon-coloured  larva  feeding  in 
spikelets  of  Carex  vesicaria. 

Durham,  Billingham. 

•418.  Ceotdomjrid  sp.    Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-3,  p.  230. 

On  Helianthemuvi  Chamoedslus,  flower  remaining  closed, 
larva  solitary,  pinkish -yellow.     Houard,  4267. 

Durham,  coast  between  Horden  and  Hart. 

•419.  Ceoidomyid  sp.    Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1917-3,  p.230. 
Larvae  semi-transparent,  whitish,  sometimes  with  yellow- 
ish tinge,  feeding  gregariously  in  the  inner  leaf-sheaths  of 
Carex  gUtuca. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Prdiminary  Catahgue  of  British  Ceddomyidae.      411 

NoBTHUMBBBLAND,   Dear  Warkworth.     Durham,   coast 
between  Horden  and  Hart. 

*420.  Ceeldoinyld  sp.     Bagoall  and  Harrison,  1918,  p.  61. 
On  Achillea  Ptmmica. 
YoRSSHiRB,  Bardaey  near  Leeda. 

*421.  Ceeldomyidsp.  Houard,  5450. 
On  KnatUia  arvensis,  leaf  pustules. 
NoKTHtiMBKRLAND,  OvingtOD.    DuRHAM,  Ryhope. 

*422.  CMidomyid  sp.     Houard,  S.  60. 

On  Salix. 

NoRTUUMBERLAMD,  Ovingham  on  S.  aurita.    Durham, 
Easisgton  on  S.  Caprea. 

*423.  CMldomyid  sp.    Bagnall  and  Harrison,  1918,  p.  61. 
In  rotting  turnips. 
Durham,  Birtley. 


II.  Check  List  op  Named  SreciEs. 

CECIDOMYIDAE. 

Subfamily  CECIDOMYINAE.  Genus  Sletaniella  Kieffer. 

Group  Lasioftbbabuk.  1-  S.  brevipalpiB  Kioffer. 

Genus  CUnorrhnielu  H.  ,,         .     .     <  „  ,..  <       . 

Log„  ^  Genus  Ladoptera  (Meigen). 

1.  C.  chrn^anlhemi  H.  Loew.  '■  f  »«""P«»r*  M^!««»- 

2.  C.  miOefolii  Wachtl.  f  ■  f  ■  »'■""'*""*  ^.^'.""^  ■■ ., 

3.  C.  UamTUhemi  KieSer.  '■  ^-   calamagrost^u   RubsM- 

Gmua  Trotlerla  Kieffer, 
=  CAon'^oncura  (praeocc.)  Riibs. 

1.  T.  gain  Rubsoamen. 

2.  T.  mrothamni  (Kieffer).  Group  Ouootkophabiak. 


3.  T.  umbdU/eranim  Kieffer. 
Genus  Baldratia  KielTer. 
I.  B.  aalieormtu  Kieffer.  i.  N.  rhodophaga  Cuquillett. 


[Genuf 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


412     Messrs.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison's 


Genus  RboiahttnyU  Rabsaa- 

1.  fl.  miOffoiii  (H.  Loew). 
=  aehiUeae  Inclibald. 

2.  B.  lanaeelicola  (Karech). 

GeDUB  Hlsopatha  Kiefier. 
i.  if.  fiorum  (KielTer). 

2.  M.  foliorum  (H.  Loew). 
=  abrolani  Trail. 

3.  M.plarmicae  {VMot). 
=  fiorica  Winnerti. 

4.  M.  gyageneaiae  (H.  Loew). 

Otavm  AreeuthaniyU  Kiefier. 

1.  A.  valtni  CVavarea). 

Genue  OUgotropliUS  Latreille.* 

1.  0.  jutaperinas  (LinnS). 

2.  0.  pante/i  Kieffer. 

3.  0.  alopecuri  Reuter. 

4.  O.  burgariua  (Bremi). 

5.  O.  fagijtfua  Kieft^T. 

6.  O.  hartigi  {UeM). 

7.  O.  Teaaimtrianus  (F.  Loew). 

8.  O.  lympanifex  Kieffer. 

9.  0.  ulrai  Kieffer. 

10.  O,  hewianua  Kieffer. 

Genua  PhyctidObia  Kieffer. 

I.  P.  so/nwt  {Kieffer). 
Genus  Hlkomylk  Kieffer. 

I.  if.  cori/K  (Kieffer). 

Genus  S«mudobia  Kieffer. 

I.  S.  betulae  (VVinnertz). 

Genua  Itoomyla  Kieffer. 

1.  I.  capnae  (Winnertz). 

2.  /.  ma^r  (Kieffer). 

Genua  Janetiella  Kieffer. 

1.  J.  fanwei  (Kieffer). 

2.  J.  l/iymi  (Kieffer). 

3.  J.  Ihgmkola  (Kieffer). 

4.  J.  lubtrculi  Rlibaaamen. 


Genus  ^rgoUa  KieS«r. 
1.  Z.  carpini  (F.  Laev). 

Genua  Cnuieiobia  Kieffer. 
1.  C.  comi  (Giraud). 

Genus  Phegobla  Kieffer. 
I.  P.  Umtatttta  (Bremi). 

Genua  MayetloU  Kieffer. 

1.  M.  avenat  (Marchal). 

2.  «.  rfnrfyitrfw  Kieffer. 

3.  if.  ikilraelor  (Say). 

4.  M.  hoki  Kieffer. 

5.  M.  joaimisi  Kieffer. 

6.  M.  venlricola  RiibsoaDiai. 

7.  M.  kordei  Kieffer.-f 

Genua  Chorlomyia  Kieffer. 
\.  C.  hMwigi  (RiibBaamen). 

2.  C  moliniae  (Riibsaamen). 

3.  C.  poae  (Boac). 

4.  C.  radicifica  (Riibsaamen). 

Genus  CysUphon  Kieffer. 

1.  C.hUracii{F.  Loew). 

2.  C.  laraiaci  Kieffer. 

3.  C.  Ifonlodmitia  Kieffer. 

4.  C  pUoi^iat  Kieffer. 

5.  C.  aonchi  (f .  Loew). 

Genus  Haorolabls  Kieffer. 

1.  Jf.  corragaria  (F.  Loen). 

2.  if.  hieracii  Kieffer. 

3.  if.  hippocrepidia  Kieffer. 

4.  M.  jnartdi  Kieffer. 

5.  M.  piioaeUae  (Binnie). 

6.  if.  8(eUarta«(Liebel). 

Genua  Arnoldia  Kieffer. 

1.  A.  qnercicoia  Kieffer. 

2.  ^.  guercua  (Binnie). 

Genus  G«oerypt«  Kieffer. 

\.  Q.  braueri  (Handlirsch). 


•  Tlie  first  two  species  truly  belong  to  tlua  genus  aa  now  1 
but  all  tbe  otiier  H|)Ccies  arc  placed  here  temporarily. 

f  Tbe  generic  position  of  this  species  is  not  yet  certain. 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


Preliminary  Catahffue  of  British  Cecidomyidae.      413 


Genus  Rhtbdopluiga  We«twood. 

1.  A.  ofin'pfnnig  (H.  Loew). 

2.  B.  cUtvifex  (Kieffer). 

3.  R.  dttbiomt  Kieffer, 
=  dubia  Kieffer, 

=  griaeicoUit  Zett.  no» 
Heigen. 

4.  It.  giraudiana  Kieffer, 

=  aalieiperda    Giraud    noH 
Dufuur. 

5.  B.  hflerMa  (H.  I>oew), 
=  ^igiia  Hardy. 

6.  R.  iieobia  (Kieffer). 

7.  B.  iwwAi  (Kieffer). 

8.  B.   margiiifmioTiitiens  (Win- 

fl.  fl.  nerrorum  (Kieffer), 
=  nodali  Biibfia&men. 

10.  B.  piercEi  (Kieffer). 

11.  B.  pteiutoeoecus  RubeaaaieB. 

12.  B.  patvini  Kieffer, 

=  gnluina  Glraud  turn 

Schrank. 
=   T  Hugi     H.     Loew     non 

Meigen. 

13.  R.  roiaria  H.  Loew, 
=  Mlicina  Auct, 

^  cinemirum  Hardy. 

14.  B.  Toaarietla  Kieffer. 

15.  B.  galifiperda  (Dufour), 
=  lerfbnirti  H.  l^oew. 

16.  B.  miticia  (.Schmnk), 
=  digeeri  Bremi. 

17.  A.  jiipema  Kieffer. 

IS.  it.  terminatia  (H.  Loew). 

GenuH  Pairisla  Rondani. 

1.  /*.  oiic/iperda  (Heiuichel). 

2.  /*.  ac«rcri«paiM  (Kiellcr)  and 

var.  rubeUa  (Kieffer.) 

3.  P.  aerophUa  (WinnertE). 

4.  P.  oy^TiM  (Kieffer). 

5.  P.  alni  (F.  Loew). 

6.  P.  alpina  (F.  Liiew). 

7.  P.  anglica  Kieffer. 

8.  P.  aparinea  (Kieffer). 

9.  P.  aiicupariae  Kieffer. 

10.  P.  ajMirig  Kieffer. 

11.  P.  balhlM  (Rubsaamcn). 

12.  P.  beckiana  (Mik). 

13.  P.  braaticae  (VVinnerIz). 

14.  P.  bnmdUK  Kieffer. 

15.  P.  brgtmiat  (Bouc)i^). 

TRAK8.  EKT.  SOC.  LOND.  1917.- 


16.  P.campanulae{Rab6iMmBo). 

17.  P.  capiligena  {Brtmi). 

18.  P.  eardamintt  {Witmertz). 

19.  /•.  cn'a<(H(Binnie). 

20.  P.  rt>ni(Riib8aamen). 

21.  P.  amtpoaitarum  {KAefln). 

22.  P.  con/lina  Kieffer, 
=3  coryli  Riibeaaoien. 

23.  P.  erataegi  (Winnerti). 

24.  P.  daphnes  Kieffer. 

25.  P.  engglfeldi  (Rubeaainen). 

26.  P.  Epifo6.i(F.  Loew). 

27.  P.  erieina  iF.  Utev). 

28.  P.  fUkina  (Kieffer). 
2D.  P.  fionperda  (F.  Loew). 

30.  P.  fioiculorum  (Kieffer). 

31.  P. /rajTinai  Kieffer. 

32.  P.  fraiini  Kieffer. 

33.  P. /rtiduum  (Riilieaamen). 

34.  P.  gaieobdokmlis  (Winnertz). 
33.  P.  gain  {a.  Loew). 

36.  P.  galiieola  F.  Loew. 

37.  P. ^enM<anifoi^e>M(Kieffer) 

38.  P.  genidicola  (F.  Loew). 

39.  P.  gentianat  Kieffer. 

40.  P.  gtranii  Kieffer. 

41.  P.  fffcfiowuw  (Kieffer). 

42.  T  P.  gli/cipki/Ui  RUbaaamen. 

43.  P.  holosleae  Kieffer. 

44.  P.  hffgrophita  {m^L). 

45.  P.  Ayperic."(Bremi). 

46.  P.  ignorata  (Waclitl), 
=  medicaginia  Bremi, 

=  onobrychidis  F.  Loew  non 

47.  P.  inchbMiana  (Mik), 
=   ?  daugitia  BreDli. 

48.  P.  inrJUMi  (Frauenfeld). 

49.  P.  tiel/en  Marclml. 

50.  P.  hie/feriaHa  (Kiibeaamen). 

51.  P.  Utmii  Kieffer. 

52.  P.  laricig  F.  I»ew, 
=  keUneri  Henscliel. 

63.  P.  lalAgn  Kieffer. 

54.  P.  kUkyricaUi  (Riilmaaiiieu). 

55.  P.  libera  Kieffer. 

56.  P.  fo(Aan"n(jiae  (Kieffer). 

57.  P.  loti  Kieffer. 

58.  P. /oltco^  (Riilwaamen). 
50.  P.  hipuUme  Kieffer. 

60.  P.  Iffch^UU  IH^ydm). 

61.  P.  mtJj  Kieffer. 

62.  P.  malpighii  Kieffer. 

63.  P.  «»jtii  Kieffer. 

-PAETS  II,  III,  IV.  (may  '18)  EE 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


414     Messrs.  B.  S.  BagnaU  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison's 


64.  P.  muricatat  (Meade), 

65.  P.  jttrvieola  Kieffer. 

66.  T  P.  onobrychidit  Bremi, 
=  gimudi  Frauenfeld. 

67.  P.  papaveria  (Winnertz). 

68.  P.  pmcl^menHRnhBoamm). 

69.  P.  perskariaf  (LiimS), 

70.  P.  plieatrix  (H.  Locw). 

71.  P.  folygaiae  Kieffer. 

72.  P.  popufc/t(RubBaainen). 

73.  P.  ■poteidiOae  (Wachti). 

74.  P.  praiicola  (Kieffer). 

75.  P.  pleridicola  (Kieffer). 

76.  P.  pMtulane  {Rvibamiaen). 

77.  P.  pyri  (Bouch^). 

78.  P.  pierrcana  Kieffer, 

79.  P.  ranimeuli  {Bremi). 

80.  P.  raphaniefri  (Kieffer). 

81.  P.  ThododtndToni  Kieffer. 

82.  P.  Toaariiitt  (Hardy). 

83.  P.  rosirupiana  Kieffer. 

84.  P.  rubaaanuni  Kieffer, 

85.  P.  aalicariat  (Kieffer). 

86.  P.  Mtiffaisorbae  (Kieffer). 

87.  P.  saOiosae  (Kieffer). 

88.  P.  achkchleiidali  (Kieffer), 
8fl.  P.  achmidli  Riibaaamen. 

90.  P.  «erolina  (Winnertz). 

91.  P.  ailmaila  Kieffer. 

92.  P.  similia  (F.  Loew). 

93.  P.  msymbni  (ticliranck). 

94.  i  P.  mdalia  (V.  Laev.). 

95.  P.  gtadiydis  (Bremi). 

96.  P.  glrobi  (Winnertz). 

97.  /*.  (e/enstfRiibsaamen). 

98.  P.  lelrakil  Kieffer. 

99.  P.  Ihomasiana  (KiefieT), 

100.  P  .  liliamvolveitB   (RUbaaa- 

=  tiliae  iSchranck, 

101.  P.lorlrirlF.  I.oew). 

102.  P.  tracheliHWacM). 

103.  P.  train  Kieffer. 

104.  P.  Mfolii  (F.  Ijoen). 

105.  /■.(u6(coia  (Kieffer). 
I0«.  P.  vlieia  Kieffer, 
107.  P.  vlmariae  (Bremi). 
loa  P.  ulmicola  Kieffer. 

109.  P.  urtUae  (PerriM). 

110.  P.wiwwuwMm  Kieffer, 
=  vaecinii  Riibaaamen  m 

i^mith. 


111.  P.  veronieae  (Vallot), 

=  chamaedryt  Inchbald. 

112.  P.  vtctiM  (Kieffer), 
in.  P.violae{F.  Loew). 

114.  P.  virgae-aurtae  (Uebel). 

115.  P-vUie-idataeKieBer. 

116.  P.  lilhofpermi  H.  Loew. 

117.  P.  panf^i  Kieffer, 

OenuB  HartiglolS  Riibeaameo. 
I,  H.  anmdipa  (Hartig), 
=  pHifffr  H.  Loew, 

Genus  Taxomjris  Rubea*men. 
1.  T.  taxi  (Inchbald). 

Group  ASPHONDYLARIAF. 

Genus  SchiiomyU  Kieffer. 

1.  S.  po/ioT-iim  Kieffer. 

2.  S.  Iigu4lri  Riibsaanien. 

Genua  KieOeris  Hik, 


Genus  Asphondylla  H.  Loen-. 

1.  ^.  dorycnii  V.  Luew. 

2.  A.  genUtae  H.  Loew. 

3.  A.  lupalinat  Kieffer. 

4.  A.  moueri  Liebel. 

5.  A.  tniki  Wacbtl. 

6.  A.  mtlaaopue  Kieffer. 

7.  A.  (Monidie  F.  Loew. 

8.  A.  proximo  Kieffer. 

9.  A.  sarothamni  H.  Loew. 

10.  -i.%mt  Kieffer. 

11.  A.  u/tcM  Verral. 

Group  Brachynkhkaeub. 
Genus  PhMnatsuthla  Kieffer. 
1,  P.  cardui  Kieffer. 

Genua  HJklola  Kieffer, 
1.  Jf./a^"(Hartig), 

=  Tipula  rubra  Hermann. 

Genus  Brschjmeun  Rondani. 
1.  A      slygia     Walker      (n«; 
Meigen).* 


•  See  Collin,  1904,  note  3. 


u,y,l,/eJt,G00t5lc 


Prdiminary  Catahgue  of  British  Ceddomyidae.      415 


Group  CEciDOHnABUB. 
Genue  Harmomyia  H.  Loew. 

1.  H. /M^W  Frauenfeld. 

2.  ff./rirentKieffer. 

3.  H.  grandis  (Meigen). 

4.  H.  knmckeri  Kieffer. 

GenuB  Dishormomyia  Kie&er. 
1.  D.  comi/tt  (Kieffer). 

Genna  Trisbormomyia  Kieffer. 
I.  T.  tvitHfica  (RUbBaamen). 

Geniu  Cyrtodiplosls  Kieffer. 
1,  C.  crasstnerva  (Kieffer). 

Genus  HoBarthrop«lpus  RQb- 

1.  M.  bazi  (Geoffrey). 

Genua  Dlchrona  Rubea«nien. 
I.  D.  gaOaram  Rubaaamen. 

Genus  Arthroenodax  RUbsaa- 

1.  A.fTaxinella  (Meade). 

Genus  Aphldoletes  Kieffer. 
1.  A.  abi^is  (KiefTer). 

Genus  Anataemla  Kieffer. 

1.  ^.brffeMjyi  (Kieffer). 

2.  A.  viciae  KieRei, 

=.  Clinodiplona   longiventrU 
Kieffer  (larva,  not  imago). 

Genua  Hadrobremla  Kieffer. 
1.  H.  hngiventrig  Kieffer, 
=  ClinodijiIoeM  trifolii  Kief- 
fer (larva,  not  imago). 

Genus  Endaphts  Kieffer. 
1.  E.  perfidtit  Kieffer. 

Genus  SyndlplosiS  Riibsaamen. 

1.  S.  lonkertarum  (F.  I»ew). 

2,  8.  p^ieii  (Kieffer). 


Genus  Contkrinla  Bondani. 

1.  C.  acdoaae  Kieffer. 

2.  O.  ajitbobia  F.  Loew. 

3.  C.  barbickei  Kieffer. 

4.  C.  bflulicola  Kieffer. 

5.  O.  betidina  Kieffer. 

6.  C.  eampamilae  Kieffer. 

7.  C.  corsit  Kieffer. 

8.  C.  craccae  Kieffer. 

9.  C.  cucubtdi  Kieffer. 

10.  (7.  sei  Kieffer, 

11.  C.  hdianthemi  (Hardy). 

12.  C.  heraelfi  Riibeaamen. 

13.  C.  lalhyn  Kieffer. 

14.  C.  linariae  (Winnerti). 
16.  C.  hli  (De  Geer). 

16.  T  C.  mfdicaginis  Kieffer. 

17.  C.  jnekmocera  Kieffer. 

18.  C.  naetUTtii  Kieffer. 

19.  C.  nicoiajfi  Riibsaamen. 

20.  C.  tnumidit  Kieffer. 

21.  C,  pyrivora  (Riley). 

22.  C.  qutreina  Riibsaamen, 
=  dryophila  Kieffer, 

23.  C.  nOicola  (Kieffer)  RUbs. 

24.  C.  nuUrrdia  Kieffer. 
26.  C.  gcabioeae  Kieffer. 

26.  C.  acopuHi  Riibsaamen. 

27.  C.  #of6i  Kieffer. 

25.  C.  «f«ini  Karsoh. 

29.  C.  tiliarum  Kieffer. 

30.  C.  tragopogoaie  Kieffer. 

31.  C.  (roi(i  Kieffer. 

32.  C.  tremulae  Kieffer. 

33.  a  Iriiiei  (Kirby). 

34.  G.  vaierianat  Riibsaamen. 

35.  C.  vihruTUomm  Kieffer, 

=  vibami  Kieffer  Turn  Felt. 

Genus  SUctodlplO^  Kieffer. 

1.  S.  corylina  (F.  Loew). 

2.  8.    hypodiotridis     (Rubsaa- 

3.  S.  jaaAaeae  (H.  Loew). 

4.  S.  piloidlae  Kieffer. 

5.  S.  aeropkulanae  Kieffer. 

6.  8.  umbeOalarum  RUbsaamen, 

Genus  Thecidodiplosis  Kieffer. 

1.  T.     brackyrUera     (SchwSg- 
richen). 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


416      Messrs.  R.  S.  Bagn&U  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison's 


GenuB  Hyrioomyis  Kieff«r. 
I.  M.  medUerranea  (F.  Luew). 
Genua  Zeuxidiplosls  Kiefler. 
1.  Z.  ffwrrft  (Kieffer), 
=  giarduma  Kieffer. 

Genua  AtrlchoselU^  KiefTer. 
1.  A.acerisKieSleT. 
Genus  TrichodiplosiS  Kj«fTer. 
1.  r.  carim  (Kieffer). 

Genua  Anticblrldium  RUbsaa- 

=  ^n/tcAi>aRilbsaamenntm 

KacliHcholz. 
1.  A.  ttriatiim  (Rubeaamen). 

Genua  Lestodiplosis  Kieffer. 

1.  £.  coHiiia  (Winnertz). 

2.  L.  ctiiiralie  (Winnertz). 


Haerodiplosls  Kieffer. 

1.  M.  dryobia  (F.  Loew). 

2.  Jtf.  volvtns  Kieffer. 

Genus  Xenodip[osls  Felt, 

—  Allodiplogig  Riibsaamen 

turn  Kieffer. 

1.  X.  laeviuxtili  (Riibeoamen). 

Genua  Pwallelodlpla^  Riib- 

aaamen. 
I.  P.  gatiiperda  (F.  LoewJ. 
Genus  Hsrmuidis  Kieffer. 

1.  H.  Iremviof.  (Winnertz). 

2.  H.  puaulans  Kieffer. 

(ienu9  ClinodiploslS  Kieffer. 

1.  C.  belonieae  Kieffer. 

2.  C.  bolularia  (Winnertz). 

3.  C  ro«tp<nia  (RiibsaaitKn). 

4.  O.  scUechlendali  RQbsaamen. 


Genua  Pseudhofinomyia  Kieffer.      '^™""  Myeoilpl"!*  Rubsaameo. 
1.  P.  granifex  Kieffer. 
Genus  Tftpho4[plosis  Kiefler. 
I.  T.    subtermnta    (Kieffer    tt 
Trotier). 

Genus  Dyodlplosls  Rubaaamen. 
1.  i*.  (imiariCTe  (Rubsaamen). 

Genua  Lo«Wio|g  Kieffer. 
I.  L.  renlmiTtat  (V.  Jxtevi). 
Genua  Putoniell*  Kieffer. 
1.  P.  mursupialu  (F.  Loew). 
Genua  Haplodlplotis  Riibsaa- 
I.  H.  etjiiealris  (B.  Warmer). 
Genua  Ceeidomyla  Meigen.* 
I.  C.  yin »■  (de  Gecrj.-f 


niojAaga  (Winnertz). 
Genus  Massalongia  Kieffer. 
i.  M.  ruhra  (Kieffer). 
Genus  Amstrodlplosis  Riibeaa- 
1.  A.  Ihalw-fnfola  (Rubsaamen). 
Genua  MoDodlpIosiS  RDbsoamai. 
I.  M.  lifbdi  iKiftSer), 

=  Seh  izomyia  «or.iahilis  Riiba. 

Genua  Atylodl^OSlS  RUbMameo. 
I.  A.  rumtcis  (H.  Loew). 

Group  PORRICONDYLABIAE. 

Genua  Dlrtliu  H.  Loew. 
1.  D.  rhodophila  (Hardy). 
Genua  PoiricondylA  Rondani. 
"■  ^-  ^'^"^  ^^'"■"S'  1.  P.  longipes  (M.  Loew). 

,1  J"  '^''T*^'^'"/^''* /«"""'  eJicepting  the  type  pini,  ape^uflufficientiy 

deeenbed,  and  therefore  ^nnot  be  relegated  to  any  kno>™  genus. 

t  bynonyma  are  lalerella  Zett..  piloM  Bremi,  and  pini-maritijnae 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Prditninary  Catalogue  of  British  Ceddomytdae.      417 
SuMamily  LESTREMINAE. 
Group  Cahpylomyzariae. 


OenuB  Cunpylomyza  Meigen 
1.  C.  ghbifera  Hftliday. 


Genus  AmblyspiUu  Kieffer. 
1.  A.  ormerodiKi^Ser. 


Group  Lestbemiariae. 
Genus  CatOCha  Haliday. 
1.  C.  {aftpe«  Haliday. 

Genus  Leslremla  Macquart. 

1.  L.  camta  (H.  Loew). 

2.  £./u«ca  Meigen. 

3.  L.  Uucophafa  (Meifien), 

=  junipeTtJUi  Fabriciua  no 


III,  Index  to  Host-plants. 

N.6. — The  capiUil  initiala  of  spedfie  plant-names  are  in  accordance 
with  the  usual  Botanical  practice. 

In  using  the  following  index  it  is  well  to  note  the  follow- 
ing points:  (1)  that  when  a  Cecidomyid  galls  all  of  the 
species  of  a  plant  genus,  then  that  fact  is  notified  thus, 
"  Salix  spp." ;  (2)  that  in  a  few  cases  an  aggregate  plant 
name  is  used;  (3)  that  when  any  Cecidomyid  feeds  on 
rusts,  smuts,  mildews,  aphids  and  the  like,  found  on  any 
particular  plant,  then  these  are  indexed  under  the  name 
of  ttiat  plant;  (4)  that  the  numbers  refer  to  the  numbering 
of  the  Cecidomyid  species  in  the  classified  list. 

Acer.  AnthrUcua. 

Anthriacus  aylveelria  HolTin.. 
54,  9. 
AntkyUU. 

Anthyllis  Vulneraria  L.,  363. 
Arltmieia. 
Artemisia  Abrutanum  L.,  17. 
vulgaris  L,.  16,  17. 


Acer  Pseudoplatanus  L.,  91, 
261,  on  -4pA«»  pio/an- 
oidta  on  tliia  tree. 
„     campestre  L.,  92,  312. 
AdiiUta. 
Achillea  Hillefolium  L.,  2,  14, 
18,  393,  394. 
„  Ptamiica  L.,   2,   14, 

18,420. 

AInuB  rotundifulia  Mill,  96. 

AtopecuruB  pratensia  L,,  24. 

Angelica  sylveetria  L.,   229, 
366,  413. 
Aidhtmia. 
AnthemiB  Cotula  L.,  1, 19. 


Astragalus 

Astmgalus  liypiiKloti 

136, 168,  406,  406. 

Atriplej:  (boo  also  Obione). 

Atriplex  patula  L.,  389. 

Avena  fatua  U,  46. 
BitOola. 

BallotA  nigra  L.,  101. 
BelaUi. 

Betula  alba  L.,  34,  269. 
341,  375. 


D.  a. 


u,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


418     Messrs.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Hairison's 

BratAypodium.  Centanrea   ScsbioHa  L.,    162, 

Braohypodium  sylvatioum  R.  163, 164,  320. 

and  8.,  53.  CeraHium. 

Cerastium  Tulgatum  L.,  109, 
126,  154. 
„        Tiscosura  L.,  109. 
„        semidecandrum  L., 
109,  126. 
CItTffsanlhemum. 
Qiiyaanthemum     Lencanthe- 
mumL.,3. 
Ciraium. 
Ciraiumsp.,  241  an  inquiline 
in  galls  of  Tryptta 

„     arvemBe    Scop.,    110, 

)U,   112,    339    on 

Puedma  suavoltMt, 

„     lanceolatum      Soop., 

113,114. 

Corivolvulue. 

Convolvulus  aepium  L.,  336. 

ComuB  sanguinea  L.,  43. 
Corytus. 

Corylus  avellana   L.,   30,  33, 
115,272,303. 
Cralaegu*. 
Crataegus     Oiyaoontha     L., 
lie.  267. 

Crepis  biennis  L.,  304. 

„      paludoea   Hoench,  338 
on  Pvtxinia  major. 
Cytiaus. 

Cytisus  BCOpariuH  Link.,  5, 40, 
212,233,378. 
DaclylU. 
Dactylia    glomeratA    L.,  46, 
404. 
Daphne. 

)>aphne  Laureola  L.,  117. 
Daiicut. 
Daucus  CaroUi  L.,  229. 

Doryonium  sp.,  230. 
Epiiobiiim. 
Epilobium  at^ustifolium   L., 
120,  146. 
Erica. 

Erica  cinerea  L.,  121. 
..    Tetraliz  L.,  310. 
Erodium. 
Erodiumctcutaiium,  134,385. 


BraBsica  spp.,  103, 182,  283. 
Brvmus. 

Bromtu  erectus  Huds.,  52. 
Bryonia. 

Bryonia  dioica  Jaoq.,  105. 
Bupleurum. 

Bupleurum  tenuimimum  L., 
302. 

BuxuB  aemperviveni  L.,  262. 
Carnpanvia. 
Campanula  media  L.,  106. 

persicifolia  L.,106. 
rotundifolia       L., 
207,  271,  392. 
CardamiTu, 
CaTdamine  spp.,  108. 

Carex  spp.,  253,  400,  401. 
„     binervis  Sm.,  246,  250, 

„      arenariaL.,280,319. 
„      vulpina  L.,  166. 
„      pendulaUuds.,  166,314. 
„      helodee     Link.  (=  C. 
laevigata  Sm.),  166. 
„      palleacens  L.,  164. 
„      sylvatica  Huds.,  166. 
„      acutiformia  Ehr.,  166. 
„     limosa  L.,  246. 
„      flava   Host.,   246,   249. 

253,  317,  318,  402. 
„      echinata  Uurr.  (=  stel- 

lulata  Good.),  248. 
„      elaU  All.  (=  C,  stricto 
Good.),  249. 250, 253, 
317. 
„     Goodenovii    Gay,  263, 

313. 
„      paniculata  L.,  317. 
„     divulsa  Stokw,  318. 
„     distatiR  L.,  318. 
„      giauca,  250,  313,419. 
Carpi  HUB. 

Carpinua  Betulua  L.,  42, 187. 
Ca^anea. 

Castanea  aativa  Mill,  362. 
CerUaurea. 
Centaurea  nigra  L.,  162,  163, 
164,  320. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


Preliminari/  Catalogue  of  Briltsk  Ceddomyidae.      419 


Evpiorbia. 

Euphorbia  Eoula  L.,  107. 
£uphnuia. 

Eupbntsia  officinalis  U,  388. 

Farus  sylvatica,  26,  27,  44, 
226,  242. 
Fraxinus. 

FraxinuB  excelsior  L.,  93,  124, 
126, 254  in  naHot  EriophytM 
fraxini;    334  inquiiiae  in 
gall  of  Per.  fraxini. 
Oakopsit. 

GaleopBiB  Tetrahit  L„  202. 
Oalium. 
Galium  epp.,  130,  228. 

„      verumL..4,  128,  129, 
301,  403. 
paluBtreL.,  138, 139. 
„       twreale  L.,  367. 
„      Aparine  L.,  98,  368. 
Oenliana. 
Gentiana  campestris  L.,  133. 
Amarella,  133. 

Genista  tinctoria  L.,  131,  132, 
231,  2S2. 
Geranium. 
Geranium   pratense  L.,  134, 
380. 
„        sylvaticum  L.,  134, 

380. 
„        dJBaectum  L.,  134, 

molle  L.,  134,  382 
pusillum    L.,    134, 
383,  384. 
„         saDgiiineum  L.,  134. 

Geum  rivale  L.,  275. 
„       urbanum  L.,  374. 
Qlec&imia.     See  Sepeia. 

Hedera  Helii  L.,  145. 
Htiianthemum. 
Helianthemum  Chamaecistus 
Mill,  276,  418. 
Utlianikus. 

HelianthuB  sp.,  165. 
BeracUutn. 
Heracleum  Sphondylium   L., 
63,277,284,415. 
„  var.    angustifo- 

lium,  63 


HieTocium. 

Hieracium  spp.,  57.  64. 

Pilosella  L.,  66, 67, 

167,  306. 
boteale    Fr.,    396, 
340  on  Piteciiiia 
hieracii. 
Hippocrepis. 
Hippocrepis  comosa  L.,  65. 

HolcuH  laaatuB  L.,  48. 
Hordeam. 
Hordeum     rulgare    L.,    47, 
51. 


„        pulclirum  L.,  72, 

140, 103,  311. 

„         humifuaum       L., 

140,  193, 
„  perforatum  L.,  72, 

140,  193,  311. 
„  montaDumL.,140, 

elodeaL..  141. 
Hypochaerie. 
Hypoohaeris  radicata  L.,  62, 
304. 

Inula  squarroaa  Bern.,  102. 

JuniptTna. 

Juni{)eni8  communis   L.,   21, 
22,  23,  361. 
Kiuinlia. 

Knautia  arvenais,  421. 
Latniuirt. 

Lamium  album  L.,  63. 

„       maculatum  L.,  147. 
„       GaleoWoIon  Crantz, 
127. 
LMpaana. 

Lapsana  communia  L.,  411,  on 

Larix  decidua  Mill,  148. 
Lathyma. 

LatliyruB  pratensis    L.,     149, 
150,151,152,258, 
278. 
„         nmcrorhizus    Wim., 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


420     Messrs.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison's 
I  vulgare  h.,  228a, 


410. 
Liimria. 

Linaria  vulgaris  Hoench.,  279. 
Li  t  kosptrmv  in. 

liithospprmum  officinale  163  a. 
Jjonieera. 

l»nicera    Periclymenum    L, 
170,  416. 
Lolut 


:ulat 


156, 


Lychnis. 

Lychnis  dioica  L.,  293. 
„       albn  Mill,  15U,  293. 
„       FIcw.cuculi  L.,  176. 
Lythnim. 

Lvtlinim  Salicarift  L.,  188. 
Matricaria. 

Matricaria  inoduia  L.,  I,  19. 
Medicago. 

Medicagi'  Hativs  L.,  142. 
falcata  L.,  281. 
•      „        lupulina     L.,     157, 
158,  232,  234. 
Midiuiit. 

Molinia  cacruleo  Muench,  II, 
50,64. 
Myiimlia. 

MyoHotis  sa)riiioidcH  L.  (=  ar- 
venxiM  Lam.),  225. 

Xf|icia     liederacen 


lioler 


I  Hoi 


.rd). 


25,  135. 
Obione. 

Ubiiine    i>ortulne(>ides    Mug., 

Oiionia. 

Ononis  rcj>enB  L.,  236 ;  265  on 
A^is  on  Ononis ;  285. 
Ophioghisitiim. 

OpliiiiBluBsum    viilgatum    L., 
360. 

Faliaver  Rlioeas  L.,  169. 
Phragmiieii. 

PliraKniitea   eommunis   Trin.i 
7.  144,  314. 
Phaturis. 

PtiBlariB  anindinacea  L.,  8. 


Pioea  excdaa  Ijam.,  90.  200; 
256    and     257      botli    in 
Adelges  galls. 
Pimpinella. 
Pinipinella  Saxifraga  L.,  9. 
229.  296,  386. 
„  magna,  308. 

PinuB  aylTeetrie  L,  309. 
Planlago. 

Plantagu  lanceolaU  L.,  192. 
Poa. 

Poasp.,  408. 
„    nemoralis  L.,  49,  35,  56. 
Potygala. 

Polygala  vulgaris  L,  173. 
Polggonum, 
Polvgonum    amphibium    L. 
171. 
Pnpulug. 
Pupulus  alba  I^,  76. 

„        tremula  L.,  76,  174, 
266.  297,330.331. 
„       alba  X  tremula,  174- 
PolfitliUa. 

Polentilla  ap.,  175. 
PrunfUa. 

Prunella  vulgaris  L.,  104. 

PninuBspp..  197.  206. 
„       sjiinosa  Toum.,  321. 
„       (on  dry  pluma.  332.) 
Pifris. 

PteriH  aquilina  L..  121a,  177. 
Pviiraria. 

Pull  carl  a  dysenterica  S.  t- 
Qray,  T102;  337  on  Uro- 
mgces  junci. 

Pyr'us  communiH  L..  179,  !8B. 
Aucuparia  L.,  99,  292. 
„      MaluH  L.,  160;  255  on 
Aphis  mali. 
Quercus. 

Qiiercus  Robur  L.  and  seaailis 
Ehr.,  69.  70,  T. 
163,  161.  168a, 
287.  328,  327.  379. 
412;  328,  inqoi- 
line  on  A'turoKr*' 
latviusculvt;    329, 


ll,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


Prdiminary  Catalogue  of  British  Cecidomyidae.      421 

ScnypKniaria. 
^rophotftria  nodosa  L.,  307, 


inqiiiline  on  A'mro. 
tentt  laUicHiant ; 
343.  inquiline  on 
MaCTolabig  dryolria 
and  valrtns;  397, 
nokk: 


399,    inquilii 
ffalls    of    Aadrieus 

Quercua  cenis,  379. 
Ratiuneuhis. 

Ranunculus  spp.,  161. 

aciis  L.,  208. 
AAiiHinfAtM. 

Rhi  nan  thus    Criata-galli    U, 
371. 
Bhododatdron. 

Rhododendron     femigineum, 
163. 
BibrM. 

Ribea  GroHBularia  L.,  201. 
„      nipnim  L.,  201. 
Rom. 

Rona  Bpp..  13o,  184,  185.  335. 
34.'};  398  on  mildew. 
,.      HpinoEissima  L.,  373. 

Rubuaspp.,  10,  172. 

..       caesiuB  L..  288. 

Rumex  Acetosa  L.,  206. 

AcetOHPtIa      1^,     266. 
344. 
Satirnmia. 

Salicomia  radicana  Km.,  )2. 
tiatix. 
Sftlixspp.,  35,  73.  74.  75,  77. 
79.80.81,828.83,84, 


87, 


„     aurita  L.,  36, 

89. 422  auri 

rea.  377. 
..     cineiea  L.,  78,  82,  87. 

180. 
.,      rcpens  L.,  82. 
,     Caproa  L..  82a,  87.  422, 

cinerea    x     viminalic, 

87. 
.,     allia  L.,  143. 
Sanjuiaorba. 

Kanguisorba  officinalis  L.,  189. 

Scabioaa  Columbaria  L.,  190, 


414. 
Sfntcio. 

Senecio    Jacobaea     L.,    305, 
370. 
„      erucifoliua  L.,  305. 
„       aquaticus  Huda..  370- 
SOtnt. 
Silene  acaulis  L.,  96. 
„     inflatttSm.,  122,  277. 
SigymiiTiam. 
Sisymbrium  officinale  iSoop., 
196,  289. 
StUdago. 
Solida^ro  Virgauiea  L.,  222, 
223. 
Sonchug. 

Sonchus  arvenais  L.,  61. 
Spirata. 
tjpiraea  Ulmana  L.,  118, 119. 
178.  186,  214. 
..       FUipendula,  21S. 
Slachys. 

yiachys  sylvalica  L.,  63.  198, 
251. 
„        palustria  L..  198,  199, 
390. 
Belonica  Benth.,  333. 
lanatua.  391. 
StrOaiia. 

IStellaria  graminea  L.,  68.  137, 

HoloBtea  L..  194. 
Tanartlam. 

Tanacetum  vulgare  L.,  Ifl. 
TaToiacum. 

Taraxacum  officinale    L.,  58, 
395. 
Tiurua. 

Taxus  baccata  L.,  227. 
Thalidrum. 

Tlialictrum   minus  (agg.)   U, 
342,  372. 
Thymus. 
ThvmuB  S«rpvllum  L.,  38,  39, 
41,  237.  239. 
TUia. 

Tilia  Bjip.,  28, 20, 203. 204, 205. 
Tragiypogon. 

Tragopogon  pratensis  L.,  296. 
Trifolium. 

Trifoliumspp.,  100. 

„        Iragiierum  L.,  100. 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


422      Messra.  R.  S.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Harriaon'B 

Tiifoliiun  piutense    L., 
210,  260. 
repens  L.,  211. 


Triticum  ap.,  322. 
TroUius. 

TrolliuB  europaeuB  L.,  376. 
Typka. 

Typha  latifolia  L.,  314. 
Vki. 

Ulex  euiopaeuB  L.,  213,  240. 

Ulmus  spp.,  216. 

„     campestriB  L.,  31.  37, 

var.  BuberoBs,  37. 
„     montana  Sm.,  31,  37. 
Urtica.  . 
Urtica  dioiCB  L.,  217. 
„     ureDB  L.,  217. 
Vaccinivta. 
Vscciniutn  Myrtillus  L.,  21S, 
387. 
Vitia-idaea  L.,  97, 
234. 


VakriaTta. 
Valeriana    sambucifolja  Hik 
(=  officinalis    auct,),    299, 


369. 
Veronica. 
Veronica  ofBoinaiiB    L.,     195, 
219. 
„       ChainaediTe  L.,  196, 

219. 
„        Berpyllifolia  L.,  219, 
366. 
soutellaU  L.,  196. 
„       montana  L.,  219. 
Vifeufnum, 
Viburnum  Lantuia  L.,  32. 
„         Opulus    L.,     264, 
300. 
Vicia. 
Vioia  Bpp.,  220,  273. 
„      aepium  L.,  259. 
„     sylvatica  L.,  364. 
Viola. 
Vioja  app.,  84. 
„      arvraiBia  Murray,  221. 


IV.  References  in  Brief. 

Bagnall,  R.  S.    1916.    (II)  The  EntomologUt's  Eecord, 
V.  XXVIII,  pp.  158-159. 
„  1917.     Lanes,   and   Cheshire   Naturalist, 

pp.  253-262  and  282-290. 
•Bagnall,  R.  S.,  and  Harrison,  J.  W.  H.    1916.    Jbidm, 

(I)  pp.  51,  (III)  pp.  197-203,  (IV)  pp.  247-252. 
Bagnall,  R.  S„  and  Harrison,  J.  W.  H.     1917.    Ibidem, 

(V),  V.  XXIX.  pp.  206-210. 
Bagnall,  R.  S.,  and  Harrison,  J.  W.  H.    1917-2.  IbiJm, 

V.  XXIX,  pp.  12-15. 
Bagnall,  R.  S.,  and  Harrison,  J.  W.  H.    1917-3.  Ibidm, 

V.  XXIX,  pp.  228-230, 
Bagnall,  R.  S.,  and  Harrison,  J.  W.  H.    1918.    Ibidem, 

v.XXX,  pp.  61. 
BiNNiB.    1877.    Proc.  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.  Glaegow,  v.  3. 


ii,y,i,/ejh,  Google 


■Preliminary  Catalogue  of  British  Cecidomyidae.      423 

Bosc.     1817.     Bull.  Soc.  Philomat.,  Paris. 
BoucHE.     1847.     Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.,  v.  8. 
Bremi.     1847.     Beitr.  zu  einer  Monogr.  der  Gallmiicken. 
BuBKiLL,  H.  J.     1916.        The    Entomologist,   v.   XLIX, 
pp.  4-8. 
1916-2.    Derby-  Arohaeol.  and  Nat.  Hist. 

Soc.  Joum.,  pp.  29-48. 
1917.        The    Entomologist,   v.   L,   pp. 
82-85. 
Carpenter,  G.  H.     1911.     Journ.  Econ.  Biol.,  v.  6. 
CoNNOLD.    Plant  Galls  of  Great  Britain,  1909. 
CoQUiLLETT.     1900.     Bull.  U.S.  Dept.  Agric.  Washington, 

V.  22. 
COLUN,  J.  E.     1904.     Ent.  Monthly  Magazine  (2),  v.  15, 

pp.  93-99. 
Curtis.    1827.    Brit.  Ent. 
De  Geeb.     1776.    M^m.  Hist.  Ins.,  v.  6. 
DuFOUR.     1841.     Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  (2),  v.  16.  . 
Felt,  P.     1911.    Joum.  New  York  Ent.  Soc.,  v.  19. 
Frauenpeld.     1862.     Veih.  Zool.-bot.  Ges.  Wien,  v.  12, 

1867.     Ibidem,  v.  17. 
Geoffrey.     1764.    Hist.  Ins.  Paris,  v.  2. 
GiRADD.     1863.     Verh.  Zool.-bot.  Ges.  Wien,  v.  13. 
Hauday.     1833.    Ent.  Mag.,  v.  1. 

in  Walker.     1856. 
Handlirsch.     1884.    Verh.  Zool.-bot.  Ges.  Wien,  v.  34. 
Hardy.     1850.     Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (2),  v.  6. 
Harrison,  J.  W.  H.     1917.     Entomologist,  v.  L,  p.  244. 
Habtig.    1839.     Jahresb.  il.  Forstschr.  d.  Foretwiss.,  v.  1. 

,,  1844.     In  Ratzeburg's  forstinseklen,  v.  3. 

Heegeb.     1851.    Sitzber.  Akad.  wiss.  Wien,  v.  7. 
Hentschbl.     1880.    Centralbl.  f.  d.  Ges.  Forstwesen,  v.  6. 
Heyden.     1861.    Correspondenzbl.  fiir  Sammler  von  In- 

sekten,  v.  2. 
HouARD,  C.     Les  Zooc^idies  des   Flantes  d'Europe.     3 

vols.     1908-1913. 
Inchbald.     1861.     Ent.  Weekly  Intellig.,  v.  10. 
Karsch.     1879.     7  Jahresber.  \Vestf.  Prov.  Ver. 

1881.     Beri.  Ent.  Zeitschr.,  v.  25. 
KlEFFBR.    1886.  Zeitschr.  f.  Naturwiss.,  v.  59. 

1888(-1).    Verb.  Zool.-bot.  Ges.  Wien,  v.  38. 

„   -2.       Ent.  Nachr.  Berhn,  v.  14. 
1889(-1).    Ibidem,  v.  15. 
„   -^2.       Wien  Ent.  Zeit.,  v.  8. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


424      Heasn.  R.  8.  Bagnall  and  J.  W.  H.  Harrison'^ 

KrEFPEB.     1899-3.       Bull.  Soc.   Amis.   Sc.   Nat.   Roneo, 
V.  34. 

1*<9*>{-I).     Wien  Ent.  Zcit..  V.  9. 
..   -2.       Ent.  Nachr.  Berlin,  v.  16. 
..    -3.        Verb.  Zool.-bot.  Ges.  Wien,  v.  40. 
1891.  Berl.  Ent.  Zeitachr.,  v.  36. 

189-i{-I).     Wien  Ent.  Zeit.,  v.  11. 

„   -2.       Berl.  Ent.  Zeitachr.,  v.  36. 
1894(-1}.     Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  Franw,  V.  63. 
„  .,   -2.       Feuille  Jeunes  Natural.,  v.  "24. 

1895(-1).     Wien  Ent.  Zeit.,  V.  14. 
„   -2..      Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  France,  v.  64. 
„  ..   -3.       Feuille  Jeunes  Natural.,  v.  26. 

„   -4.       Miscell.  Ent.,  v.  3. 
1896(-1).     Wien  Ent.  Zeit.,  v.  15. 
„  „   -2.       Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  France,  v.  65. 

„   -3.       Miscell.  Ent.,  v.  4. 
1897(-1).     Berl.  Ent.  Zeitachr.,  v.  42. 
„    -2.       Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  France,  v.  66. 
,,  .,   -3.       Meine  Antwort  au  den  Herm  Zei- 

chenlehrer  Rilbsaamen. 
]898(-l).     Miscell.  Ent.,  v.  6. 
„  „   -2,       Synopse  des  Cecidomyes  d'Europe  et 

d'Algerie. 
19l)().  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  France,  v.  69. 

l'JOl(-I).     Ibidetn,v.70. 

„   -2.       Bull.  Soc.  Hiat.  Nat.  Metz,  v.  21. 
19(I4{-1).    Ibidem.  V.  2Z. 
„  ,,   -2.       Ann.  Soc.  Scient.  Bruxelles,  v.  28. 

19()6.  Mitt.   Philom.  Gea.   Strassb.,  1905, 

V.  3. 
19»7{-1).     Naturw.     Zeitschr.     f.     Land    and 
Forstw.,  V.  5. 
„   -2.       Marcellia,  v.  6. 
I1HI9.  Bull.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Metz,  v.  26. 

1912{-1).     Marcellia,  v.  11. 
,.  ,,    ~2.       Neue  Gallniiicken-Gattuugen,  Bitech. 

1913(1).     Bull.  Soc.  Hiat.  Nat.  Metz,  v.  28. 
,,  „    -In.      Marcellia,  v.  12. 

,,  ,,   -2.       In  \\'ystraan'3  Genera   Inaectonim, 

fasc.  152. 
KiEFFER  anil  Trotter.     1W).">.     Marcellia,  v.  3. 
KiRBY.     1797.     Trans.  Linn,  Soc.  London,  Zool.,  v.  4. 
Latreillk.     18(1.").     Hiat.  Nat.  Oust,  et  Ins.,  v.  14. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


Preliminary  Catalogue  of  British  Cecidomyidae.      425 

LiEBEL.     1889.     Ent.  Nachr.  Berlin,  v.  15. 
Linn£.    1758.     Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10. 

1767.     Ibidem  (ed.  12),  v.  2. 
LoEW,  F.    1873.  Verb.  Zool.-bot.  Ges.  Wien,  v.  23. 

1874.  llyidem,  v.  24. 

■  1875.  „       V.  25. 

1877.  „       V.  27. 

1878.  „  V.  28. 
1880.  „  V.  30. 
1885(-1).     Beri.  Ent.  Zeitschr.,  v.  29. 

„   -2.       Verb.  Zool.-bot.  Gea.  Wien,  v.  35. 

1888.  Ibidem,  v.  38. 

1889.  „       V.  39. 
LoEw,  H.    1844.     Stett.  Ent.  Zeit..  v.  5. 

1850.     Dipt.  Beitt.,  v.  4.  • 
Macquakt.     1826.     R«cueil.  Soc.  Agric.  Lille. 
Marchal.     1895.     Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  France,  v.  64. 

1896.     Ibidem,  v.  65. 
Meade.      1886.     Tbe  Entomologist,  v.  19. 

1888.     Ent.  Mo.  Mag.,  v.  25. 
Meioen.     1803.     Dliger's  Mag.  Ins.,  v.  2. 
""■      Klasaif.  Dipt.,  v.  1. 
Syet.  Bcschr.,  v.  1. 
Ibidem,  v.  6. 
.     Naturhiat.  Tidsskr.,  Kopenh.  (3),  v.  3. 
ien  Ent.  Zeit.,  v.  2. 

1885.  Verb.  Zool.-bot.  Ges.  Wien,  v.  35. 

1886.  Wien  Ent.  Zeit.,  v.  5. 
1895.     Ibidem,  v.  14. 

Ormerod.     1885.     Eigbtb  Rep.  Injurious  Insects. 

Ferris.     1840.     Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  France,  v.  9. 

Reuter.     1895.     Acta  Soc.  Fauna  ct  Fl.  Fennica,  v.  11, 

No.  8. 
Riley.     1886.     Annual   Rep,   Dept.    Agric.    Washington, 

1885. 
RoNDANi.     1840.     Mem.  per  Servire  alia  Ditterol.  Itabana. 
1846.     Nuovi  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  Bologna  (2),  v.  6. 
1860.     Atti  Soc.  Sc.  Nat.  Milano,  v.  2. 


1804. 

1818. 

1830. 

Meinert 

1864 

Mil. 

1883.    W 

BSAAMEN.     1889{-1) 

Zeitschr.  f.  Naturwisa.,  v.  62. 

„   -2. 

Berl.  Ent.  Zeitschr.,  v.  33. 

1890. 

Verh.  Naturh.  vcr.  Preus.  RheinI 

Bonn,  V.  47. 

1890-2. 

Verh.  Zool.-bot.  Ges.  Wien,  40. 

1891. 

Beri.  Ent.  Zeitschr.,  v.  36. 

ll,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


426   Messrs.  Bagnall  and  Harrison's  British  Ceddomytdae. 

Rdbsaambn.    1892.  Betl.  Ent.  Zeitschr.,  v.  37. 

1892-2.  Verh.  Zool.-Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  v.  42. 

1893.  Ent.  Nachr.  Berlin,  v.  19. 

i895(-l).  Ibidem,  v.  21. 

„•  -2.  Wien  Ent.  Zeit.,  v.  14. 

1899H)-  Biol-  Centralbl.,  v.  19. 

„   -2.  Wien  Ent.  Zeit.,  v.  18. 

„  1910.  Zeitschi.  Wias.  Insektenbiol.,  v.  6. 

1911.  Ibidem,  v.T. 

1912.  „       V.  8. 
ScHiNER.     1854.     Verh.  Zool.-bot.  Ges.  Wien,  v.  4. 
SCHBANCK.     1803.    Fauna  Boica,  v.  3. 
ScHWAGRiCHEN.     1835.     In  Pfeii'B  Krit.   Bl.   f.  Forst.-v. 

Jagdwiss.,  V.  9. 
Stephens.     1829.     Syst.  Cat.  Brit.  Ins. 
gwAKTON,  E.  W.     1912.     British  Plant  Galls  (Catalogue, 
pp.  130-261). 
„  1916.    The    Journal    of    Botany,     pp. 

24-29. 
Tavabes.     1906.     Brot«ria,  v.  3. 
Trail.     1886.    Scottish  Nat.  (2),  v.  1. 
Vallot.    1827.     Act.  Acad.  Sc.  Dijon. 

1849.  M6m.  Acad.  Sc.  Dijon. 
Verrall.  1875.  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.,  v.  11. 
Wachtl.     1884.     Wien  Ent.  Zeit.,  v.  3, 

1885.    Ibidem,  v.  4. 
Wagner,  B.     1871.     Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.,  v.  33. 
Westwood.     1847.     The  Gardener's  Chronicle,  No.  36. 
WiNNERTZ.     1853.     Linnaea  Ent.,  Stettin,  v.  8. 
Zetterstedt.     1851.     Dipt.  Scandinav.,  v.  10. 
1852.    Ibidem,  v.  11. 


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n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


PROCEEDINGS 

or  THE 

ENTOMOLOGICAL    SOCIETY 

LONDON 
1917. 


LONDON: 
SOLD  AT  THE  SOCIBTY'S  ROOMS,    11,   CHANDOS  STREET 

OAVBNDlt>H  sqtJARB,  W., 

AND  BY  LONGMANS,  GREEN,  AND  CO., 

P&TBEtNOSTER  ROW,  K.C.  ;  AND  HEW  YORK. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


PROCEEDINGS 

OP  TBI 

ENTOMOLOGICAL    SOCIETY 

OF 

LONDON 

For    the    Year    1917. 


Wednesday,  February  7th,  1917. 
Dr.  C.  J.  Gahan,  M.A.,  D.So.,  President,  in  the  Chair, 

Nomination  of  Vice-PreaidenU. 

The   pRBSiDEKT  announced  that  he  had  nominated  Dr. 

T.   A.   Chafuan,  Dr.   Q.   B.  liONOSTAFP  and  the   Honble. 

N.  Charles  Bothschild  as  Vice-Presidents  for  the  ensuing 

Tear. 

Death  of  a  former  Praident. 

The  President  also  announced  the  death  of  Mi.   C.   0. 

Watebhouse,  a  former  President  of  the  Society,  and  a  vote 

of  condolence  with  his  daughter  was  passed  on  the  motion 

of  Mr.  Champion,  seconded  by  Mr.  Bethune-Baker. 

Ekaion  of  a  Feiiow. 
Mr.   A.    W.   Rtuek  Roberts,   M.A.,   Rothamsted  Agri- 
cultoial  Experiment  Station,  Harpenden,  and  The  Common, 
Windennere,  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  Society. 

New  Bye-law  read. 
The  new  Bye-law  pioposed  by  the  Council  was  read  for 
the  third  time. 

FSOC.  ENT.  BOC.  LOND.,  L  1917  A 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


Exkibitiotu. 

Lepidofteka  fboh  Salonica.  —  Mr.  A.  H.  Jones  ex- 
hibited on  behalf  of  Capt&in  E.  F.  Studd,  R.F.A.,  a  Fellow 
of  the  Society,  at  present  serving  with  the  Btitisb  Expe- 
ditionary Force  at  Salonica,  Tatioua  Lepidoptera  taken  hy 
him  in  1916,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Salonica.  He  also 
furnished  notes  relating  to  these  captniea  and  other  speciee 
observed  by  him. 

PapUio  podaliriut,  not  uncommon  on  the  mountaioB  near 
Gllvezne  on  June  1. 

Papilio  machaon,  at  Lembet,  in  April,  apparently  umilai 
to  British  specimens;  a  fresh  specimen  taken  on  Sept.  17, 
near  Senikos. 

Aporia  araiaegi,  common.  May  16,  Lembet. 

Pierit  brassicae,  common  (larger  than  English  specimena); 
P.  rapae  and  P.  napi,  common,  apparently  typical ;  P.  da^idice, 
occasionally  met  with  in  June,  Akunbar,  common  from 
Aug.  31  until  Oct.  8. 

Coliaa  edma,  quite  common,  still  flying  plentifully  on 
Nov.  19 ;  one  var.  kdice  seen  at  Lembet. 

Gonepleryx  rhamni,  several  males  seen,  one  on  Nov.  18. 

Nordmannia  (Tbeda)  ilieii  var.  cem.  May  30,  near 
Gilvezne. 

Chryaophanut  diapar  var.  mtilui,  two  i^  taken  among 
rushes  in  Langaza  Lake,  in  about  two  feet  of  water.  They 
were  the  only  ones  seen,  just  at  this  one  spot  surrounded  on 
all  sides  by  wat«r. 

Rumicia  phlaeai,  seen  occasionally;  common  in  Oct.,  and 
still  seen  up  to  Nov.  18. 

Aricia  medon  {Polyommatus  aatrarche),  Polyommatut  icarut, 
PJe&etus  argus,  common,  June  2,  near  Gfivezne. 

Vanetsa  io,  Pyrameia  atalanta  (first  seen  April  14,  last  seen 
Nov.  1),  common. 

Pyrameis  cardvi,  not  uncommon,  last  seen  Sept.  17. 

Meliiaea  didtpna  var,  ocoidenUtUs,  one  3  June  23,  Akunbar ; 
M.  trivia,  two  ,Js  May  31,  near  Guvezne. 

M.  pftoe&e,  common. 

Brenlkis  seiene  and  Iiioria  lathonia,  not  scarce. 


u„,,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


(  iii  ) 

M^ntM^  laritsa,  Hay  16  to  June  3,  Lembet ;  not  tin- 
common. 

Salynu  lemeie  commoD  on  mountains. 

Pararge  m^gaera,  conimon  &nd  typical. 

Bpineph^  jurtina,  abundant  on  mountaina ;  E.  tiUumue, 
not  unconunon. 

Coenonympha  pamphihu,  very  abundant,  still  out  on 
Nov.  19. 

Syrichthve  malvae  and  Nitoniadss  tages,  common. 

Augiades  sylmnm,  several 

Proktparce  convolvuU,  taken  in  lines,  Sept.  19. 

Macrogtoisa  aleSotarum,  occasionally  seen. 

Setitta  fflMomeRd,  Lithosia  complanula  and  Procris  ttaHoet, 
common. 

Zygaena  JUipetidulae  and  Z.  punctum,  locally  conimon. 

Noctua  pleda,  common. 

Mania  maura,  in  t«nt,  Sept.  12. 

Amphipyra  livida,  one  specimen,  Lembet,  June  26. 

Plvsia  gamma,  came  to  lamp  in  tent,  Nov.  14. 

Acontia  luctuoaa,  Ardia  vilUca  and  Coseinia  slriala  (gram- 
mica),  common,  locally,  May  29,  near  Guvezne. 

Zeuzera  pyrina  (aescndi),  one  iS- 

AspikUes  ochftana,  common. 

Addalia  omata,  occasionally  seen. 

Ematurga  aiomaria  3,  locally;  the  yellow  coloration  of 
Wicken  specimens. 

Co&era  pusaria  aad  PeOonia  vAicaria,  several;  Abraxai 
gnttulariata,  one  specimen  only. 

Anaitit  j^agiata  and  Cidaria  fivctuaria,  common. 

Camptogramma  biUneaia,  common. 

Commander  Walkek  said  that  many  years  ago  he  had 
taken  almost  all  the  species  exhibited  in  the  nei^bouihood 
of  Port  Baklar,  at  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Xeros,  near  the 
Boulair  Lines.  He  had  found  the  larvae  of  M.  trivia  feeding 
on  Verbascum  in  the  greatest  abundance.  The  only  species 
he  had  not  met  with  there  was  C.  dispar;  he  remarked 
on  the  very  small  size  of  the  specimens  of  this  species ;  those 
of  M.  larissa  were,  on  the  other  hand,  exceptionally  large. 

The  Pbesident  and  Hr.  W.  Q.  Sheldon  commented  on 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


(  i»  ) 

the  abnndance  of  butterflies  in  Macedonia,  the  Utter  ob- 
serving also  that  North  Macedonia  and  Albania  were  among 
the  least  known  of  European  localitiw  for  Lepidoptent. 

Local  forms  op  Aobias  CLAin>tA. — Mr.  G.  Tai.bot  ex- 
hibited on  behalf  of  Mr.  J.  J.  Joicey  a  series  of  Agriat  dauiia, 
Schulz,  showing  its  distribution  and  local  forms.  These  in- 
clude the  forms  tahlkei,  Honr.,  daudia,  Schulz,  and  amaamica, 
Stgr.,  all  from  St.  Jean  de  Maioni,  French  Guiana.  A.  tiaudia 
is  the  Surinam  race,  and  amazonica  an  Amazon  race,  which 
are  thus  shown  to  occur  in  French  Guiana  as  aberrations, 
the  form  sahikd  representing  the  Guiana  race. 

A  transitional  series  may  be  shown  to  connect  the  various 
races. 

The  distribution  of  daudia  follows  the  coast,  riTer-vallejm 
and  foot-hills.  It  ranges  from  Dutch  Guiana  in  the  north  to 
South  Brazil  in  the  south.  It  extends  eastwards  to  Ecuador, 
Peru  and  BoUvia. 

Some  BsmsH  Rhopaloceba. — Dr.  £.  A.  Cockayme  ex- 
hibited : — 

(1)  A  series  of  Pararge  egeria,  bred  Nov.  and  Dec  I9I6 
and  Jan.  1917  from  ova  laid  by  several  females  taken  in 
August,  at  Limber,  N.  Lincolnshire.  They  showed  consider- 
able variation.  Most  of  them  had  very  large  yellow  spots. 
One  female  had  a  great  extension  of  the  yellow  colour  and 
thin  scaling  over  the  central  portions  of  all  four  wings.  One 
nnderaide  aberration  was  very  dark  with  a  deep  brown  hand 
OD  the  hind-wing. 

(2)  An  aberration  of  Polyg<m\a  c-a/&um  taken  by  Loid 
Oanick  in  Sept.  1916  in  Montgomeryshire,  the  tund-wing^ 
being  nearly  black  and  the  fore-wings  with  costal  spots 
united  into  a  crescent. 

(3)  A  Qynandromorph  of  Poh/ommatus  tcartM,  a  dark 
female  except  for  stripe  and  blue  scales,  with  androconia 
from  the  base  to  the  termen  of  the  left  fore-wing;  taken  at 
Boyston.  Aug.  1916. 

(4)  A  Gynandromorph  of  P.  icarus  with  a  stripe  of  bright 
blue  scales  on  the  right  fore-wing;  no  androconia;  taken  at 
Folkestone,  June  1915. 

(6)  A  female  Agriadeg  coridon  with  one  hind-wing  marked 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


(  ▼  ) 

with  blue  like  ab.  semUi/ngrapha,  th«  other  hind-wing  having 
only  a  thin  Bprinkling  of  blue  scales  over  the  same  area; 
taken  at  Royston,  Aug.  1916. 

FuBTBEB   Note   dealing   with   the   question   of   the 

SPECIFIC    IDENTITY    OF    PeDICULUS    CAflTIS    AMD    PbDICULUS 

HUUANUS  (VESTiMESTi).— Mr.  Baoot  redd  the  following  note : — 
"  At  a  previous  meeting  (see  p.  xiv,  1916),  when  referring  to 
this  question,  I  suggest«l  that  the  disparity  in  the  propor- 
tions of  the  sexes  in  the  F.  1  generation  resulting  from  a  cross 
pairing  between  a  P.  capitis  ^  and  P.  humanvs  $  lent  support 
to  the  view  that  these  insects  were  distinct  species.  In  a 
subsequent  conversation  the  Rev.  James  Waterston  challenged 
this  view,  on  the  ground  that  it  was  necessary  to  prove  that 
normal  sex- proportion  resulted  from  pairings  within  the  two 
races,  a  point  I.  had  taken  for  granted,  owing  to  the  parity  of 
the  sexes  in  my  stock  boxes.  1  have  now  obtained  details 
of  the  sex -proportions  of  a  number  of  broods  of  P.  kumanvt, 
which  I  propose  to  lay  before  you.  Faired  couples  of  P. 
kumtmtu  were  taken  from  a  stock  box,  segregated  in  small 
boxes,  and  their  offspring  reared  to  maturity,  with  the  following 
result : — 

So.  ol  F«i«.  A  A  9  ? 

1 


1-    2% 

43-    98% 

44  =  49% 

46  =    61% 

31  =  66% 

17-   36% 

m. 

67  -  100% 

119  -  73% 

43-    27% 

39  =  66% 

20-   34% 

116  -  68% 

56  =   32%, 

Nil. 

46  - 100% 

64  -  92% 

6  =     8% 

Na 

49  =  100% 

10  =  71% 

4-    29% 

Nil. 

39  -  100% 

Nil. 

48  =  100% 

7-    9% 

74=    91% 

42  =  68% 

20=    32% 

463  =  46% 

676=    66%, 

iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


(    vi    ) 

la  a  numeioas  colony  of  a  giegaiions  inaect  casnal  Bex- 
production  on  the  part  of  any  given  pail  will  result  in  a  nearly 
equal  proportion  ot  S  3  and  $  $,  and  might  serve  to  tninimiae 
tlie  dangers  of  too  close  inbreeding.  In  this  series,  however, 
aex-production  does  not  appear  to  be  entirely  casual,  as  there 
is  an  evident  bias  on  the  $  $  side. 

The  sez-percentages  of  the  F.  1  generation  of  four  cross 
pairings  between  <J  P.  cajiitU  and  ?  P.  htimanua  are  as 
follows : — 


No.1 

71  = 

=  74% 

25  = 

=  26% 

No.  2 

130  = 

=  86% 

22. 

=  14% 

No.  3 

51. 

-  61% 

49  = 

-49% 

No.  4 

76  = 
328  = 

-68% 
-  71% 

36  = 

-  32% 

ii^ 

=  29% 

It  will  be  seen  that  in  this  series  the  bias  is  heavily  on 
the  S  aide,  which  is  possibly  due  to  the  effects  of  crossing. 
I  must  admit,  however,  that  in  view  of  the  emtio  per- 
centages from  normal  pairings  of  one  of  the  parent  races 
my  argument  on  tlie  basis  of  abnormal  sex- production  on  the 
part  of  the  hybrid  insects  can  carry  but  little  weight. 

As  experiment  dealing  with  the  egg-laying  instincts  of  the 
two  species  affords  clearer  evidence.  The  following  method 
was  adopted.  Glass-bottomed  boxes  of  1}  inch  diameter  and 
i  an  inch  deep,  were  lined  on  the  vertical  sides  with  a  strip 
of  flannel,  such  as  is  used  for  Army  shirts,  human  hairs  being 
placed  in  central  area  so  as  to  form  a  web,  but  not  a  felted 
mass.  The  hairs  came  in  contact  with  the  glass  bottom,  the 
flannel-lined  sides  and  the  gauze  cover  through  which  the 
Uce  were  fed.  An  equal  number  of  pairs  of  P.  capitit  and 
P.  humanm  were  placed  in  each  box.  At  the  end  of  a  week 
the  ?  ?  of  i",  capUia  had  laid  80%  of  their  eggs  on  the  hair 
and  20%  on  the  flannel,  while  the  P.  humanw  $  $  had  laid 
20%  on  the  hair  and  80%  on  the  flannel  As  the  insects  had 
been  taken  from  congested  stock  boxes  that  had  been  in  use 
for  many  months,  the  P.  capitis  box  containing  a  felted 
mass  of  hairs  and  the  P.  humanut  box  a  rolled  flannel  strip 


l„y,|,AJh,COOl^lC 


(  vii  ) 

which  filled  the  box,  it  is  poaaible  that  theit  egg-Uying  in- 
stinots  had  been  dulled  daring  captivity  under  these  coa- 
ditione.  The  eggs  laid  were  separated  into  four  lots:  P. 
Aumonuf  laid  on  haii,  P.  kamanut  laid  on  flannel,  P.  capitis 
laid  on  hair,  and  P.  capitis  laid  on  flannel.  Individuals  were 
reared  from  these  eggs,  and  12  ^  ^  and  12  $  $  of  each  lot 
were  placed  in  boxes  containing  human  hairs  and  lined  with 
flannel,  similarly  to  those  used  in  the  former  experiment. 
After  five  days,  during  which  all  four  batches  were  fed  and 
exposed  to  the  same  conditions,  the  eggs  were  counted  and 
their  positions  recorded  as  follows  : — 

P.  hvtnanus,  bred  from  eggs  laid  on  hairs : — 


12  and  12 
produce  359 


on  hairs 38  =  11% 

on  gauze  cover  of  box    ...  1 

on  flannel,  side  next  box  37  =  10% 

flannel,  exposed  side       .     .  283  =  79% 

The  eggs  teere  laid  on  hairs  only  where  these  came  in  contact 
with  fianttel. 

P.  hamanus,  bred  from  eggs  laid  on  flannel : — 

12  and  12       /  on  gauze  cover  of  box  i=    1% 

produce  34i  j  on  flannel,  side  next  box      .     .     66  =  16% 
Q  flannel,  exposed  side       .     .  285  =  83% 


P,  capitie,  bred  from  eggs  htid  on  hairs : — 


12  and  12       r  on  gauze  cover  of  box    ...      1 
produce  274  .|  on  flannel,  exposed  aide  only     .     14  =   5% 
\  on  hairs 269  =  95% 

P.  capitis,  bred  from  eggs  laid  on  flannel : — 

--      ,  ._       f  on  ganze  cover  of  box    ...  4  =  1% 

ji       «/in   I  on  flannel,  exposed  side  only    .  2=     i% 

produce  390  <        l  ■  .    a        i  o  lo/ 

'  1  on  haira  close  to  flannel  2  =     t/a 

•^'  I  on  hairs 382  =  98% 

Ahhoogh  this  result  leaves  the  question  of  specific  identity 
still  nndet«nnined,  it  suggests  that  there  is  a  clear  line  of 
demarcation  as  regards  the  egg-laying  instinct,  provided  the 
inaecta  an  left  an  element  of  choice. 


u,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


(     viii     ) 

SPECIAL  MEETING. 

The  Special  Meeting  summoned  to  consider  the  new  Bye- 
law  proposed  by  the  Council  waa  then  held. 

The  Secretary  read  the  proposed  Bye-law,  which  runs  as 
follows  :— 

"  Chap,  xxiil.  Prohibition  in  respect  of  FantU. 

"  The  Society  shall  not  and  may  sot  niake  any  dividend, 
gift,  division  or  bonus  in  money  unto  or  between  any  of  its 
members." 

This  Bye-law  was  needed  to  comply  with  the  Act  of  Pariia- 
ment  regulating  the  Registration  of  Scientific  Societies  so  that 
they  may  he  free  from  local  rates. 

On  the  motion  of  Mr.  Beth  one-Baker,  seconded  by  Mr. 
Stanley  Edwards,  it  was  passed  without  diacussioB. 


Wednesday,  March  7th,  19)7. 
Dr.  0.  J.  Gahan,  M.A.,  D.Sc.,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

Death  of  a  MenAer  of  Coundi. 
The  death  of  Mr.  A.  E.  Gibbs,  a  member  of  the  Council, 
and  for  five  years  a  most  valued  member  of  the  Busineu 
Committee,  was  announced. 

Exhibitions. 

South  Indian  Heuipteba,  &c,^Mr.  E.  A.  Butler  tx- 

hibit«d  two  species  of  8.  Indian  Hemiptera  received  from 

Mr.  T.  V.  Campbell,  M.B.,  who  captured  them  at  Chikka- 

ballapuia  in  the  Mysore  State;  viz.  : — 

(1)  Ureniius  echinus,  Dist.,  a  species  of  Tifigididae,  which 
is  a  pest  feeding  on  the  leaves  of  the  Egg-PUnt  {Sdtanvm 
melongemi),  the  larvae  living  on  the  under-side  of  the  leaves, 
and  the  adult  insects  on  the  upper. 

(2)  ApoUodolus  praefectus.  Diet.,  a  species  of  CapsiJae, 
which  is  found  on  the  same  plant,  and  the  larvae  of  which 
prey  upon  those  of  the  Tingid  bug. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


(    ix    ) 

AIbo  several  recently  described  species  of  S.  Indian  Ftdgo- 
ridae,  together  with  the  S  of  EurybrwAyt  Uymentota,  Fabt., 
which  has  only  recently  been  iec<^niBed.  In  this  sez  the 
green  colour  of  the  t^:niina  has  almost  disappeared,  the  pale 
fasciae  are  almost  obliterated,  and  the  wings  are  dark  with 
a  white  band  on  the  apical  area. 

Notes  ok  Miucry  in  Oriental  BUTTERruBS  b7  Col. 
T.  JiBUTH. — Prof.  PoDLTON  said  that  he  had  recently  received 
the  following  interesting  notes,  and  had  tried  to  induce  the 
author  to  communicate  them  in  person.  CoL  Jermyn,  being 
unfortunately  prevented  from  coming,  had  forwarded  with 
his  manuscript  the  illuattative  specimens  now  exhibited  to 
the  meeting. 

"  I  have  one  or  two  examples  of  mimicry,  which  have 
atrock  me  ior  some  time  as  rather  specially  interesting,  in  a 
collection  of  Indian  butterflies  made  daring  the  last  twenty 
years  or  so.  I  have  long  intended  to  write  to  you  regarding 
them,  but  going  on  duty  again  put  them  out  of  my  mind. 
Being  at  home  again,  and  having  just  read  yoor  very  interest- 
ing address  to  the  Linnean  Society,  I  am  now  doing  as  I 
intended. 

"  1.  Two  teriet  thowing  steps  in  devdopmetU  of  diaposematic 
or  redprocai  resemblance  b&ween  Papilio  agestor.  Gray,  and 
Danais  tytia.  Gray. — In  the  model  Danais  (Caduga)  tytia, 
Oray,  there  is  a  characteristic  black  marking  nmning  from 
base  of  f.-w.  along  the  coata  across  the  end  of  the  cell  and 
along  vein  4  to  the  ma^;in.  This  is  copied  in  typical  P. 
agettor  by  a  stmiUr  line,  which,  however,  cute  diagonally 
acroea  the  cell  at  some  distance  before  the  end,  and  is,  aa  far 
aa  I  have  seen,  constant.  In  the  specimens  of  ageslor  govindra, 
Hoore,  however,  which  I  have  from  Mussoorie,  this  marking 
grades  from  almost  complete  absence  to  a  perfect  copy  as  in 
Epical  agestor.  This  marking  seems  to  me  interesting  as 
being  an  attempt  to  obliterate  part  of  t^  outline  of  the 
large  Papilionlne  f.-w,  cell,  thus  producing  a  superficial  resem- 
blance, in  shape  aa  well  as  size,  to  the  smallor  Danaine  cell. 
It  is  also  interesting  that  this  mimetic  feature  is  apparently 
not  yet  entirely  established,  or  possibly  is  undergoing  reversion, 
in  the  geographical  race  govindra. 


u,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


(  r  ) 

"  The  specimens  eent  in  iUustiatiioii  are  five  govindra  tnm 
MnaBoorie  (4fi00  ft.,  Apr.  22,  1907),  one  govindra  from  Moiree 
(6000  ft.,  Apr.  29,  1898)  and  one  typical  agator  from  the 
Ehuis  Hills  (1908).  The  fint  six  are  arranged  to  show  a 
gradaal  transition  in  the  development  of  the  diagonal  mark- 
ing across  the  f.-w.  cell  and  in  the  filling  up  basall;  of  area  5 
in  the  f.-w.  with  black,  in  mimicry  of  area  1  in  the  model 
tyUa.  The  same  series  also  shows  the  cutting  o5  by  a  black 
lunular  line  of  a  row  of  submarginai  spots  from  the  Papilionine 
streaks  in  1-w.  areas  1-4  to  match  those  in  tytia. 

"  A  series  of  the  model  D.  tytia — one  from  Chakrata  (Sept, 
1893),  four  from  Tehri  Oarhwal,  near  Hussoorie  (May  1-6, 1907) 
— ^has  been  arranged  to  show  the  gradaal  disappearance  of 
the  black  lines  separating  the  disoal  and  postdiscal  spots  in 
f.-w.  areas  2  and  3,  thus  matching  the  streaks  in  oge^or. 
The  three  characteristic  spots  in  areas  2  and  3  of  this  Danaine 
group  (conf.  meUmea,  Cram.,  agUa,  Cram.,  and  mdanotdei, 
Moore,  sent  herewith)  and  the  Fapilionid  streak  hare  thus  by 
reciprocal  variation  become  a  spot  and  a  streak  in  the  inter- 
spaces of  both  species,  the  PapiUo  producing  a  submarginai 
spot  out  of  the  end  of  its  streak,  the  Danait  producing  a 
streak  by  the  fusion  of  its  discal  and  postdiscal  spots. 

"  3ome  of  the  imperfections,  due  to  difficulties  of  structure, 
etc.,  seem  almost  more  interesting  than  the  perfections. 
D.  tytia,  in  reducing  the  black  pigment,  has  lost  the  streaks 
in  the  interspaces,  conunon  to  both  famihes,  and  fairly  pro- 
minent in  agestor.  The  difierence  in  the  arrangement  of  the 
median  and  discoidal  nervules  seems  to  be  a  cause  of  cross- 
purposes.  Agetlor  is  filling  f.-w.  area  6  with  black  in  imita- 
tion of  area  4  of  tytia,  while  tytia  seems  to  be  clearing  area  i 
in  imitation  of  the  same  area  in  agator.  On  the  hind-wing 
the  difEerence  in  size  of  the  respective  cells  seems  to  he  the 
cause  of  a  great  deal  of  variation  in  the  proportion  of  reddish 
colouring.  Papilios  and  Fiends  seem  to  have  considerable 
difSculty  in  accurately  copying  the  markings  about  the 
S  Danaine  scent-glands;  Nymphalines  are  much  more 
successful. 

"  Calinaga  buddha,  Moore,  appears  to  be  an  outlying  mem- 
ber of  the  tytia-^igeitor  combination.    It  has  no  red  on  the 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


{  =  ) 

wings,  bnt  its  red  thorax  is  vary  conspicaons,  and  in  tho 
only  valley  I  have  fonnd  it  (the  only  plsc«,  I  tiiitik,  when  it 
has  been  seen  in  any  nomben)  it  used  to  be  out  in  the  eariy 
spring  with  agalor,  and  looked  distinctly  like  it. 

"  2.  Some  pointt  in  the  mimetic  retemtlance  <4  ^  ^V^ 
}>&ilifle  Parhettinajermyni,  S.  S.  Drwx,  to  the  Pierine  Aporia 
agathon.  Gray,  rate  phryxe,  Boitd. — One  specimen  of  P.  jermyni 
was  taken  on  Jane  19, 1907,  in  the  Tons  valley  behind  Chakrata, 
beyond  Hosaoorie,  N.W.  Himalayas,  with  a  nomber  of  A. 
phryxe,  flying  about  a  small  detached  clump  of  trees  and 
shrubs.  Another  (sent  for  exhibition)  was  taken  on  Jane  25, 
1907,  farther  up  the  valley,  flying  by  itself  in  bold  circles  of 
half  a  mile  or  so,  round  the  junction  of  a  smaller  stnam  with 
the  Tons.  It  was  obviously  not  A.  phryxe,  and  was  secured 
on  its  third  circle.  One  of  the  specimens  of  pkryxe  shown  was 
taken  with  the  first  Parhestina  on  the  19th,  the  other  in  the 
same  neighbourhood  later.  The  ParhetUtM  forms  an  interest- 
ing contraat  with  PapUio  agettor,  because  in  the  Nymphaline 
mimic  the  apparent  size  of  the  f.-w.  cell  has  to  be  increased 
and  Dot  reduced  aa  in  the  Swallowtail  The  bats  across  the 
middle  and  end  of  the  cell  of  P.  fernmOit,  Westw.,  have 
disappeared  entirely  in  jermyni,  but  there  is  a  dustang  of 
black  scales  to  indicate  the  end  of  a  la^er  celL  It  may  be 
inferred  by  comparing  the  sexes  of  penimiUt  that  this  latter 
marking,  which  has  been  regained  or  retained  by  jermyni,  was 
tiie  first  of  the  three  L-w.  bars  to  ondergo  reduction.  The 
black  dusting  beyond  the  cell  is  undoubtedly  useful  in  in- 
creasing  the  leaemblance  to  the  Aporia  model,  althou^  as 
yet  not  nearly  so  dark.  It  b  identical  in  both  specimens, 
and  can  be  cleariy  seeo  in  Plate  XXIX,  fig.  1,  of  Trans.  Ent. 
Soc.,  1911,  p.  187,  where  P.  jermytti  w  described  by  Mr.  H.  H. 
Druce. 

"  3.  V»e  of  proboscis  of  Parhettina  perrimUit,  Westa.,  in 
mimiory  of  Aporia  caphusa,  Moore. — I  have  watched  at 
Hussoorie  (4-6000  ft.,  1906)  one  or  two  individuals  of  P. 
persimilis  drinking  with  a  crowd  of  A.  caphusa.  The  resem- 
blance is  distinctly  enhanced  by  the  yellow  proboscis  of 
pertimilis,  which  harmonises  with  the  yellow  spot  at  the  base 
of  the  hind-wings  in  eaphuaa.    This  spot  shows  up  much 


ih,  Google 


(  «i  ) 

moie  thui  vonld  be  expected,  when  the  wingi  ue  dosed  ow 
the  back.  The  proboecis  of  penmQie  is  very  blight  yellow 
in  life,  and  when  extended,  and  probably  distended,  in  drink- 
ing, is  quite  conspicuous.  In  tiie  diied  specimens  the  yellow 
colour  fades  to  a  conuderable  extent.  There  is  no  yellow  on 
the  underside  of  persimiiit,  of  which  D.  limniace,  Cism.,  is 
the  model  (as  ia  rendered  probable  by  the  leeemblance  to  tha 
pattern  around  the  <3  scent-glands).  In  P.  jemyni,  which  ia 
evidently  a  direct  mimic  of  phryxe,  there  b  a  good  deal  of 
yellow  on  the  h.-w.  under  surface.  It  is  not  8uggeet«d  that 
the  yellow  cotoor  of  the  proboscis  has  been  evolved  for  the 
purpose;  all  ParheBtinas  have  it  in  common  with  Hf^nii 
and  the  yellow  Ditipas.  Its  use  in  mimicking  Aporia  has 
possibly  preserved  it.    It  does  not  occur  in  Euripua. 

"  i.  Syiu^Koematic  eutociationt  of  btue  Euploem,  Ac.,  tdbeM 
on  the  same  day. — I  am  sending  you  one  or  two  sets  of  mim*iti« 
speoiea  caught  on  the  same  date,  as  I  saw  in  your  separata 
you  were  collecting  soch  groups.  All  are  common,  but  yoa 
may  not  have  the  following  five  blue  Euploeas  taken  together : 
mulciber.  Cram,  Hvgii,  Moore,  hofei.  Fold.,  Aomn,  Feld., 
and  Apfendetu,  Buti.  Muldber  was  in  swarms,  but  it  was 
quite  difBcolt  to  get  the  others,  especially  the  last  two,  out 
of  the  throng.  I  only  got  one  Papdio  leleanAvt,  Hew.  I  am 
sorry  I  haven't  got  Byblia  UUhyia,  Drury,  to  complete  tix 
other  little  associations  of  Tddiinia  vtoloe,  F.,  and  SvUiaUa 
nais,  Forster,  from  Central  and  S.  India.  I  have  never  {oimd 
it  common  and  have  only  two  bad  spedmens,  both  from 
Sangor,  Central  Provinces." 

ProL  Poulton  when  exhibiting  the  specimens  sent  by  Cd. 
Jermyn  remarked  that  the  example  of  PapHio  ageabjr  govindra 
from  Munee  was  transitional  between  the  five  from  Moasoorie 
and  the  typical  agator,  not  only  in  the  development  of  the 
diagonal  f.-w.  marking,  but  also  in  the  amount  of  brown 
jugment  in  the  h.-w.  and  in  the  size  of  the  specimen.  It 
would  be  interesting  to  compare  a  long  series  from  these  two 
localities.  The  associated  characters  in  which  the  Mussoorie 
specimens  differed  from  the  typical  agettor  rendered  it  far 
more  probable  that  the  butterflies  from  this  locality  wen 
truly  ancestral  than  that  they  had  undergone  levereion. 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


(    xiii    ) 

With  regard  to  Calinaga  buddha  it  wu  very  intoresting 
that  CoL  Jenayn  had  noted  in  the  field  the  reaemblance  to 
the  tyHa-agalor  combination.  It  could  hardly  be  doubted 
that  the  Calinagaa  were  themselves  models  for  certain  Chinese 
and  N.  Indian  Chalcosiine  moths  in  which  the  reddish  thorax 
of  the  butterfly  was  represented  by  a  patch  of  colour — orange- 
brown  in  dried  specimens — at  the  extreme  base  of  the  foie- 
wingB.  Thus  Ckdura  dejeani,  Oberth.,  and  Agahpe  davidt, 
Oberth.,  probably  mimicked  Calinaga  davidia,  Oberth.; 
Cketura  eronioides,  Moore — Calina^  saka,  Moore;  and  Ch. 
banflava,  Hoore — CtUinaga  gaulama,  Moore.  Furthermore, 
the  patterns  of  these  ChalcosiiDe  moths  were  associated  with 
other  species  of  the  same  subfamily,  which  seemed  to  bear 
no  direct  mimetic  relationship  with  the  Calinagas.  The 
patterns  of  these  anomalous  butterflies  appeared  to  belong 
to  a  la^  combination  of  Lepldoptera,  including  Vanainae, 
NymphaUnae,  Pierinae,  possibly  one  or  more  species  of  Par- 
natsius,  and  day-flying  moths.  In  addition  to  this  relation- 
ship, probably  for  the  most  part  Miillerian,  there  was  the 
teaemblance  to  the  lytia-agesior  association,  observed  by 
Col.  Jermyn. 

With  regard  to  the  combination  of  blue  Euploeas,  which 
had  been  captured  in  the  Naga  Hills,  Assam,  on  June  2,  3, 
and  6,  1908,  Prof.  Poulton  said  he  had  long  wanted  to  obtain 
examples  of  the  species  which  could  be  caught  flying  tt^ther 
at  the  same  time  and  place;  also  notes  as  to  their  relative 
numbers.  It  was  especially  interesting  that  the  central 
dominant  member  of  the  combination  exhibited  to  the  meet- 
ing should  be  the  male  of  Buploea  (TTepaiehToit)  mtdc^xr,  of 
which  the  female  was  quite  difierent  in  appearance,  and 
mimetic  of  a  prevalent  tjrpe  of  Danaine  pattern  ("  Essays  on 
Evolution,"  Oxford,  1908,  pp.  334,  335). 

AJOIOPHILA   SABUL03A,    L.,    WITH    ONLY    TWO   SUBMAKQINAL 

CELLS  TO  BOTH  FOBE-wiNQS. — A  male  A.  sabtdosa  with  two 
instead  of  three  submarginal  cells  in  each  fore-wing  was 
exhibited  to  the  meeting  by  Prof.  Poulton.  Hr.  Charbonnier 
had  first  called  attention  to  this  interesting  variation  in  the 
specimen,  which  had  been  captured  by  Col.  Jermyn  at  Shap- 
wiok  Heath,  on  June  13,  1914.    The  variation  was  all  the 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


(    liv    ) 

more  interesting  becaose  the  presence  of  only  two  enbTnargin*! 
cells  was,  as  Prof.  Fonltoo  had  learned  from  the  Bev.  V.  D. 
Morice,  characteristic  of  a  subgeons  of  AmmophUa,  wfaidi, 
however,  did  not  include  any  British  species. 

The  Pebsident  stated  that,  at  Prof.  Ponltoa's  request,  he 
had  recently  examined  the  specimen  from  the  Burchell  col- 
lection (No.  1330),  which  was  ahown  that  evening,  and  he 
had  no  besitstioD  in  saying  that  it  was  ^ther  a  larva  or  female 
of  the  group  Phengodini,  a  group  placed  by  some  authors  in 
the  Telephoridae  and  by  otiiers  in  the  I«mpyridae.  The 
specimen  had  been  exhibited  on  a  previous  occadon  by  the 
late  Mr.  G.  0.  Waterhouse,  who  was  somewhat  doubtfully  of 
opinion  that  it  was  an  Elat«rid  larva  (see  Proc.  Ent.  Soc. 
1904,  p.  Ixxxiv).  Many  years  ago  an  insect  supposed  to  be 
the  larva  of  a  Pyropkonu  was  exhibited  at  a  meeting  of  the 
Society  by  the  lat«  Mr.  Frederick  Smith;  and  from  the 
description  of  its  luminous  properties  given  (Proc.  Ent.  Soc. 
1869,  p.  xv)  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  that  also  was  the 
female  or  larva  of  some  species  of  Phengodini.  The  females 
of  this  group  are  completely  larviform,  and  have  the  same 
short  antennae,  simple  eyes,  and  short  simple  clawed  legs  that 
are  met  with  in  tbe  larvae.  Both  larvae  and  females  may  be 
distinguished  from  Elaterid  larvae  by  the  fact  that  the  tenth 
abdominal  segment  is  somewhat  conical  or  tubular  in  form, 
and  piojectB  beyond  the  ninth  segment  so  aa  to  be  visible 
from  above. 

New  Cbtoniids  fbou  Bkitish  India. — Ur.  0.  E.  Jausoh 
exhibited  the  four  new  species  of  Cetoniidae  of  the  genera 
Clerota,  Pteudochalcothea,  and  AnaUma,  described  in  the  paper 
subsequently  read,  and  made  some  remarks  on  their  characters. 

Teupekatube  at  which  Insect  Life  is  desteotxd. — 
Mr.  A.  Bacot  desired  to  call  attention  to  a  very  valuable 
paper  in  the  Memoirs  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  in 
India  (Nov.  1916,  Vol.  IV,  No.  6)  dealing  with  tiie  insects 
attacking  stored  wheat  in  the  Punjab,  and  the  metliods  of 
combating  them,  by  Barnes  and  Grove,  and  said  :  The  anthois 
show  that  the  germinating  powers  of  wheat  submitted  to  a 
tempeiatore  of  70°  C.  for  24  hours  were  not  noticeably  im- 
paired; as  they  found  that  heating  to  100°  C.   generally 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lc 


(      XV      ) 

destroyed  the  genninatiiig  power,  it  is  to  be  preanmed  that 
the  conditions  of  t«Bt  were  not  entirely  favourable  to  the 
grain,  aa  I  am  told  that  wheat  dried  and  exposed  to  heat 
under  conditions  of  free  transpiration  of  nioiatnre  can  with- 
stand a  temperatoie  of  120"  C.  I  am  surprised,  however, 
that  the  authors  do  not  refer  to  the  beat  necessary  to  destroy 
the  insect  pests.  They  deal  with  a  number  of  chemical  and 
some  mechanical  devices  for  destroying  the  insects,  or  freeing 
the  wheat  from  them.  Cannot  dry  heat  be  used?  So  far 
as  my  knowledge  goes,  the  few  insects  which,  have  been  ex- 
perimented  on  die  at  temperatures  of  45°  to  62°  C.  (=  113" 
to  IZS-e"  Fahr,).  Is  it  Icnown  whether  the  Coleopt«ra  destruc- 
tive of  grain  are  specially  adapted  to  heat,  or  is  there  some 
other  reason  which  precludes  this  apparently  simple  and 
economical  remedy  b^ng  used  t 

Mr,  J.  C.  F.  Fbyek  said  that  he  had  worked  out  these  tem- 
peratures pretty  thoroughly,  and  found  that  130°-140°  Fahr. 
was  always  fatal  to  insects;  t^eir  power  of  leaistance  was, 
however,  very  varied,  and  moist  temperature  proved  less  fatal 
than  dry. 

The  Prbstdemt  observed  that  in  some  French  books  a 
method  was  described  for  destroying  grain  weevils  without 
interfering  with  the  germinating  power  of  the  wheat.  Water- 
house  had  experimented  succeasfolly  on  cotton. 

Ur.  Main  pointed  out  that  if  the  wheat  was  to  be  used  for 
food,  its  germinating  power  was  of  no  moment. 

Mr.  WiLLouQBBY  Ellis  observed  that  104°  Fahr.  was 
always  fatal  to  Staphylinid  beetles. 

Mr.  DuBBANT  suggested  that  heat  was  most  fatal  when 
applied  in  shocks ;  but  Mr.  Bacot  said  that  he  had  not  found 
this  to  be  the  case  with  mosquito  Urvae. 

Dr.  Chafiuh  narrated  an  incident  that  occurred  to  him 
many  years  ago,  when,  having  immersed  a  number  of  beetles 
in  boiling  water  to  kill  them,  a  specimen  of  Carabus  dathralvt 
had  recovered  the  next  day,  and  eaten  most  of  the  other 
insects. 

Gift  of  a  Microscope. 

The  Secretary  said  that  Mr.  E.  E.  Gbeen  had  ofieied  to 
the  Society  a  valuable  Binocular  Microscope,  for  which  objec- 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


tdvea  of  2'  to  )'  were  required,  and  asked  whether  any  Pellow 
had  spaie  objectives  which  he  would  preaent. 


The  following  papers  were  read  : — 

"  On  new  and  little-known  Lagriidae  from  S.  America,"  hj 
G.  C.  CHAMnoN.  A.L.S.,  F.Z.S.,  F.E.8. 

"  Additions  to  the  Knowledge  of  the  Cetoniidae  of  Britiih 
India,"  by  0.  E.  Janbon,  F.E.S. 

"  The  Condition  of  the  Scales  in  leaden  Males  of  Agrioia 
thtiis  and  other  Lycaenids,"  by  E.  A.  Cockatub,  M.A.,  H.D., 
F.E.S. 

"  Some  Notes  on  Butterfly  Migrations  in  British  Guiana." 
by  C.  B.  Williams,  M.A.,  F.E.S. 

Commenting  on  Dr.  Cockayne's  paper  Mr.  BaTHCNS-BAKO 
observed  that  the  scales  in  these  specimens  were  curved 
triangularly  and  were  very  thin  instead  of  fairly  sohd.  Mr. 
Nbwhan  said  that  such  specimens  needed  to  be  set  at  once, 
if  killed  with  cyanide  and  relaxed  they  began  to  stain  in  \»» 
than  six  hours,  and  that  this  was  the  case  even  if  kept  in  ■ 
dry  cyanide  bottle. 

Prof.  PotJLTOM,  Rev.  G.  Whbblbr,  Coram.  Waiob  airf 
Mr.  Bethu»b-Bakbb  commented  on  Mr.  Williams'  paper. 


Wednesday,  March  21st,  1917. 

Dr.  C.  J.  Oahah,  M.A.,  D.Sc.,  President,  in  the  Chair- 

Etection  of  FtHoua. 
Messrs.  David  Huktee,  M.A.,  M.B.,  The  Coppice,  Notting- 
ham; Nicholas  J.  Kubnbzov,  The  Imperi&l  Academy  o* 
Sciences,  Petrograd,  and  Percy  A.  U.  Muscbakp,  CkaiU'' 
house  School,  Godalmiog,  Surrey,  were  elected  Fellows  of  tW 
Society. 

ExhibUUma. 

A  SUPPOSED  Hybeuj  BcTTERPLY.^Dr.   T.   A,  Chapi***' 
exhibited  a  supposed  hybrid  between  CaUophry*  avU  •"" 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


(      XV"      ) 

CaOophryt  rvbi,  which  for  the  moet  part  resembled  C.  rubi, 
but  the  knobs  of  the  anteiuiae  had  the  red  imderaide  as  in 
C.  avis,  and  the  androconial  brand  was  rather  of  the  C.  avis 
form  than  that  of  C.  rvbi,  bat  intermediate.  The  whit«  eye 
bonders  were  a  Utile  leas  brilliant  than  in  C.  rubi,  and  the 
white  line  on  the  nnderude,  though  distincUy  that  of  C.  rvbi, 
was  slightly  nearer  die  base  than  usual  in  that  species.  The 
specimen  was  taken  where  the  species  flew  together  at  Amelie- 
les-Bains,  in  April  1909.  The  specimen  is  now  in  the  Museum 
at  S.  Kensington. 

A  NEW  Bbitisb  Elatek. — Mr.  Donisthokpb  exhibited  two 
specimens  of  an  Eiater,  from  Ireland,  not  in  the  British  list. 
One  was  taken  hj  Mr.  F.  Bouskell  and  the  other  by  himself 
in  Co.  Kerry,  in  June  1902.  They  had  been  recorded  as 
Slater  pomonae,  Steph.,  but  neither  of  the  captors  had  ever 
been  satisfied  that  they  were  that  species.  Mr.  Donisthorpe 
suggested  that  they  were  either  E.  praeustus,  F.,  or  a  new 
species.  In  the  general  collection  at  the  British  Museum  were 
similar  specimens  mixed  in  the  series  of  E.  •pramaUu,  the 
latter  uther  being  a  very  variable  species,  or  an  undescribed 
species  was  mixed  with  it  in  the  National  Collection. 

He  also  exhibited  a  specimen  of  B.  ■pomonae  for  comparison ; 
this  particular  specimen  b^g  of  interest  because  it  has  a 
fungus  parasitic  on  it. 

Reappka&ance  of  Sunset  Insects  at  Dawn. — Mr.  Collin 
said  that  he  had  observed  that  certain  Diptera  usually  to  be 
seen  about  sunset  were  also  on  the  wing  about  dawn,  and 
enquired  whether  the  same  fact  had  been  observed  in  other 
Orders.  Dr.  Cbafuan  said  that  he  was  not  aware  that  the 
fact  had  been  observed  with  regard  to  Lepidoptera,  and 
Mr.  Green  said  that  when  he  had  been  working  light  for 
moths  all  night,  he  had  never  found  the  early  evening  moths 
return  in  the  morning;  Mi.  Buxton  and  Mr.  liAiN,  however, 
both  observed  that  Syria  auroraria  flies  both  at  dusk  and 

The  "  Death-watch  "  Beetles. — ^The  President  asked 
whether  any  Fellow  could  state  from  his  personal  knowlea^ 
that  Anobium  iomesftcum  tape  in  the  manner  known  as  the 
"  death-watch."    Xettcbium  tesseUotum  and  Alropoi  divina- 

FROC.  ENT.  80C.  LOND.,  I.  1917  B 

iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


toria  both  tap  with  the  mandibles,  and  this  was  showii  by 
Derham  to  be  a  sexual  call. 


Wednesday,  April  4th,  1917. 
Dr.  C.  J.  Gahan,  M.A.,  D.Sc.,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

Election  of  Fdimes. 
Mr.  Thos.  W.  Kikkpatrick,  The  Deanery,  Ely,  and  Sm 
Charles  I^nqham,  Bart.,  Tempo  Manor,   Co.  Fermanagh, 
were  elected  Fellows  of  the  Society. 

BxhAUiona. 

Forks  of  Fafilio  priamus. — Mr.  G.  Talbot  exhibited  on 
behalf  of  Mr.  J.  J.  JoiCEV  specimens  of  PapUvo  (Troidxt) 
priamus  i.  coelestis.  Roths.,  from  Bossel  Island  and  St.  Aignan, 
and  the  allied  race  urviUeana,  Gu4r.,  from  New  Ireland  and 
the  Solomons.  The  specimen  shown  of  coelestit  from  St. 
Aignan  was  very  close  to  urvilleana.  A  <?  coekstU  from 
Bossel  exhibited  on  the  hind-wing  the  costal  and  discal  yellow 
spots  of  the  type-form,  which  reappear  as  an  aberration  in 
most  priamus  forms. 

Ova  of  Stegomyia  fasciata. — Mr.  A.  Bacot  exhibittd 
masses  of  eggs  of  SUgomyia  fatdala,  the  "  yellow-fever 
mosquito." 

LivixG  "  Death-watch  "  Beetle. — The  President  ex- 
hibited a  live  specimen  of  XeaUHnum  UattUatum,  and  demon- 
strated iU  marked  power  of  "  ticking  "  in  response  to  tapfaDK 
on  the  table  on  which  the  box  stood  in  which  it  was  contained. 

Dr.  Chapman,  Comm,  Walker  and  Mr.  Durrant  discussed 
the  question  as  to  whether  Anc^um  domeslicKm  possessed  tlie 
same  power. 

Paper. 

The  following  paper  was  read,  illii8trat«d  by  the  epidi*' 
scope: — 

"  Revision  of  the  Genua  Tarwm,"  by  G.  T.  BbtbO«- 
Baker,  F.L.S.,  F.Z.S. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Wednesday.  May  2nd,  1017. 

Dr.  C.  J.  Gahas,  M.A.,  D.Sc.,  Preaident.  in  the  Chair. 

Election  of  a  Feiknc. 
Mr.    Abtbub    D1CK8EE,    24,    Lyfoid    Road,    Wandsworth 
Common,  S.W.  18,  waa  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  Society. 

Exkibitions. 

A  Centoxkd  proh  Madagascar.— Mr.  0.  B.  Janson 
exhibited  specimens  of  Euchroea  coeUatis,  Burm.,  a  rare  and 
beautiful  species  of  Celoniidae  from  Madagascar,  and  directed 
attention  to  the  remarkably  brilliant  pearly  blue  coloration 
of  the  underside  of  the  body. 

Genitalia  of  certain  Species  or  Caligo.— Mr.  W,  J. 
Kayb  exhibited  two  cases  of  Caligo  species  from  the  collec- 
tion of  Mr.  J.  J.  JoiCEY  as  well  as  from  his  own  collection, 
together  with  a  number  of  microscopical  mountings  of  the 
male  genital  organs  (all  prepared  at  the  Hill  Museum,  where 
Mr.  Joicey  gave  every  facility)  to  prove  that  the  forms,  or 
hitherto  supposed  species,  lUlas  from  Ecuador  and  prome- 
theus  from  Colombia,  were  really  forms  of  memTwn  which 
more  or  less  typically  ranges  throughout  Central  America, 
and.  that  tdamonius,  Feld.  {—  paw,  Rob.)  and  suzanna, 
Stich.,  from  Colombia,  the  former  a  mountain  race,  the  latter 
from  low  elevations  or  coastal  regions;  peieus,  Stich.,  from 
Venezuela,  cachi  from  Costa  Rica,  menu  from  Chlriqui,  semi- 
caemiea  from  S.E.  Peru,  joata  from  Upper  Amazons,  insv- 
ttmua  from  Trinidad,  teucer  from  Guiana,  phorkys  from  Bolivia, 
are  all  really  forma  of  the  variable  teucer.  The  point  of 
difierence  in  separating  these  two  species  lies  in  the  long  clasp 
having  a  serrate  edge  up  to  the  apex  in  memtum  and  the  tip 
tenninating  in  two  short  teeth ;  while  in  all  the  forms  of  Uueer 
the  serrations  stop  before  the  tip,  and  at  the  extremity  is 
a  bunch  of  long  hair  instead  of  a  pair  of  teeth.  Telamoniui 
at  first  sight  looks  very  unlike  typical  teucer  from  Guiana, 
hut  specimens  from  Venezuela  are  intermediate  in  colour 
and  those  from  Costa  Rica  are  intermediate  in  size,  while 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


{  ^  ) 

even  on  the  coast  of  British  Guiana  specimens  occot  with 
an  occasional  inward  sufiusion  of  yeUow  over  the  wing.  With 
memnon  the  same  transitions  in  blue  sufiusion  can  be  found 
linking  up  prometheus  through  epimetheus  to  the  type  form. 
Atiaa  from  Ecuador  is  only  like  an  enlarged  memnon. 

The  errors  made  by  Herr  Fruhstorfer  badly  need  correct- 
ing. Mews,  Pnih.,  from  Chiriqui,  peleus  from  Venezuela, 
telemoniva,  Feld.  {"  pavo.  Bob.),  and  probably  jnvonides, 
Fruh.,  from  Eastern  Colombia  are  all  forms  of  leucer  and 
not  of  menmon.  As  \o  pavonidee  I  have  no  specimen  to 
examine,  but  suspect  it  to  be  a  form  of  leucer. 

Then  Herr  Fruhstorfer  makes  prometheus,  epimetheu$,  aticu 
and  anaximandrtis  all  forms  of  another  species,  while  from 
the  genitalia  and  the  gradual  transition  of  the  forms  to  memnon 
there  can  be  no  doobt  that  they  are  all  forms  of  that  species. 
As  tdamoniut  was  placed  wrongly  under  memnon  it  becomes 
necessary  to  find  what  the  form  of  memnon  is  that  inhabits 
Colombia,  and  the  answer  without  doubt  is  prometheus,  with 
its  aberration  epimetheus.  Felder,  Reise  Novara,  p.  455, 
distinctly  says  that  prometheits  and  epimetheus  came  in  the 
same  collection  from  Bogota ;  yet  Fruhstorfer  gives  different 
Bubspecific  rank  to  the  two,  and  even  in  the  same  paragraph 
says  that  epimetheits  comes  from  Eastern  Colombia  and  the 
Western  Cordilleras  2000  m. !  It  is,  of  course,  possible  that 
epimOheus  occurs  as  a  race  somewhere,  but  for  the  elucida- 
tion of  what  species  these  Gaiigo  represent  Feldei's  information 
is  illuminating.  Anaximand/na  has  not  been  examined,  as 
no  specimen  ia  available. 

The  undersides  respectively  of  the  (eucer  forms  and  the 
memntm  forms  agree  pretty  well  all  through,  and  an  inspec- 
tion of  them  alone  might  have  saved  a  great  deal  of  con- 
fusion. Messrs.  Godman  and  Salvia  in  the  Biologia  Centrab- 
Americana,  on  PI.  xiv,  figured  what  they  called  Uilamoniut 
alongside  with  memnon,  recording  both  from  Panama,  so  it 
should  have  been  clear  that  letamonttu  could  not  be  a  sub- 
species of  memnon.  The  "  felamtmtus  "  from  Costa  Rica  we 
call  cachi. 

The  following  statement  sets  forth  the  facts  as  now  re- 
vealed:— 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


(   Mi  ) 

CaUgo  metnnon  memnon,  Feld, 

Central  America,  Mexico  to  Nicaragua. 
Caligo  memn<m  aUcu,  Fnih, 

Ecuador. 
Caligo  memnon  prometkeus,  Koll.,  and  v.  epimetheut. 

Colombia. 
?  Caiigo  memnon  anaxiTnandrut,  Fruh. 

W.  Colombia. 


Caiigo  teaoer  lewer,  Linn. 

Goiana. 
Caiigo  teucer  pelevs,  Stich. 

Venezuela,  Caracas,  3000  ft. 

Merida,  5000  ft, 
Caiigo  teucer  menes,  Fruh. 

Chiriqui. 
Caiigo  teucer  cachi,  J.  and  K. 

Coata  Rica. 
Caiigo  teucer  dbidonus,  Fruh. 

Amazons,  Obidos. 
Caiigo  teucer  joasa,  J.  and  K. 

Amazons,  Joas  Rio. 
Caiigo  teucer  semicaeruUa,  J.  and  E. 

8.E.  Peru. 
Caiigo  teucer  ecuadora,  J.  and  E. 

Ecuador. 
Caiigo  teucer  teUimoniue,  Feld. 

Colombia,  Cauca  Val. 
Caiigo  teucer  suzanna,  Deyr. 

Colombia  coast. 

Pbotogeaphs  of  thb  Ovipositoes  of  three  SnticiDS 
occuBKiNO  IN  Britain. — The  Rev.  F.  D.  Morice  exhibited 
a  set  of  six  photos  showing  the  ovipositor  and  apex  of  the 
$  abdomen  in  three  species  or  subspecies  of  the  Siricid  genus 
PauruTua,  viz.  jttvencua,  ¥.,  nodUio,  F.,  and  cyaneue,  F.  Of 
these  the  two  first  are  Falaearctic  forms,  whereas  cyaneus 
belongs  properly  to  the  North  American  fauna.  Yet  it  seems 
to  occur  not  unfrequently  in  these  islands  i  and  the  exhibitor 


n,g,i,.ejh,G00glc 


(    »ii    ) 

had  ia  fact  seen  mauy  more  specimens  of  it  taken  in  Britain 
than  of  juvencus,  though  it  is  probably  by  no  means  bo  com- 
mon as  noctilio,  and  it  is  at  least  possible  that  in  all  cases,  as 
certainly  in  some,  its  occurrence  is  simply  due  to  the  impor- 
tation of  American  timber  containing  eggs  or  larvae  before  it 
vas  shipped. 

The  9  of  cyaneus  is  easily  separated  both  from  juvencw 
and  noctilio  by  the  great  length  of  its  ovipositor,  of  which 
about  a  half  projects  beyond  the  dorsal  apex  of  the  abdo- 
men, so  that  in  this  respect  it  rather  resembles  our  common 
black  and  yellow  Sirex,  the  well-known  ffigas,  L.  It  difiers 
also  from  juvencus  and  agrees  with  noctilio  in  having  entirely 
black  antennae,  these  in  both  sexes  of  juvencus  being  testa- 
ceous at  the  base.  The  S  is  diBtinguishable  from  that  of 
noctilio  by  the  colour  of  the  abdomen,  being  testaceous  prac- 
tically up  to  the  apex,  and  in  this  character  it  agrees  with 
juvencus  (J,  nor  could  Mr.  Morice  at  present  suggest  any 
satisfactory  way  of  separating  it  from  the  latter,  though  the 
9  S  of  the  two  forms  differ  so  much  that  he  could  not  believe 
them  to  be  mere  varieties  of  one  species. 

He  also  mentioned  that  on  Sunday  last  (April  29th)  he  had 
been  surprised  by  the  premature  emergence  in  one  of  his  breed- 
ing-cages of  a  $  Pkymatocera  aterrima,  which  on  the  same  day 
laid  seventeen  eggs  in  a  stem  of  its  proper  plant  (Solomon's Seal). 
He  procured  this  stem  by  a  stroke  of  good  luck  from  a  plant 
which  had  been  forced  in  a  greenhouse ;  his  own  plants,  growing 
in  the  open  air,  were  as  yet  hardly  out  of  the  ground  at  all. 

He  had  watched  the  whole  process  of  oviposition  very 
carefully  through  a  powerful  lens,  being  desirous  of  correcting 
or  conhrming  certain  details  of  the  account  which  he  gave  of 
the  oviposition  of  this  species  in  Proc,  Ent,  Soc.  Lond.  for 
1911,  as  to  some  of  which  Dr.  Chapman's  later  observations 
(Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1914,  pp.  173-184,  and  Ent.  Rec.  1915, 
pp.  145-119)  were  not  exactly  in  accordance  with  his  own. 

He  had  stated  that  between  the  formation  of  each  pocket 
and  the  laying  of  an  egg  in  it  the  terebra  was  lifted  idtogether 
out  of  the  stem  and  afterwards  introduced  into  it  afresh.  In 
the  present  case,  as  in  those  described  by  Dr.  Chapman,  this 
had  not  happened.    The  apex  of  the  terebra  never  actually 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


Proc.  Enl.  Soc.  Land.,  1917. 


F    D   Morice.  Photo.  Hal/-Tane  H>ig.  Co.  Ll,l 


Apex  ok  Female  Abdomkn  in  Sikkx  (Faururus). 

1.  P.juvencus  l...  dorsal  view,  ,  Ai.    P.cyam-i.s  I-.,  lateral  view, 
la              do.                 laleral       ,,                               J,      P.  iwclilio   F..  dorsal  .^,[c 

2.  P.cyaneusV..    dorsal       ,.  |  Ja.  do.  laieral'.. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


(     xxiii    ) 

left  the  slit  1  Either,  therefore,  the  exhibitor  had  been  mis- 
taken in  his  former  observations  (though  they  were  made  so 
carefully  and  repeated  so  often  that  he  hesitated  to  believe 
this),  01  possibly  the  phenomena  may  leally  be  different  in 
diSeient  cases,  as  for  instance  when  the  stems  operated  upon 
diSer  in  thickness,  and  therefore  in  the  curvature  of  that  part 
of  their  surfaces  which  is  affected. 

It  has  sometimes  been  stated  that  the  attachments  of  the 
two  so-called  "saws"  are  such  that  when  one  of  them  ad- 
vances the  other  must  necessarily  retreat.  Frequent  dis- 
sections of  these  organs  had  long  made  him  feel  sure  that  this 
was  a  mistake,  and  he  could  now  say  quite  positively  that  it 
is  so.  On  more  than  one  occasion  he  distinctly  saw  one  of 
the  two  blades  advance  and  retire  and  again  advance,  while 
the  other  blade  remained  absolutely  at  rest  with  its  apex 
touching  the  apex  of  the  (motionless)  supports. 

He  noticed  also,  on  one  occasion,  that  the  cuticle  became 
separated  from  the  underlying  substance  of  the  stem  along 
a  line  which  the  advancing  edge  of  the  saw  had  not  yet  reached  ! 
This  had  con6rmed  him  in  the  belief  he  had  always  held, 
that  the  action  of  the  "  tcrebra  "  ia  not  simply  cutting,  but 
includes  a  sort  of  splitting — in  short,  that  it  acts  as  a  "  wedge," 
and  that  in  this  part  of  its  work  the  stout  thick  "  supports  " 
take  at  least  as  much  share  as  the  delicate  and  slender  "  saws." 

Dr.  Chapman  and  Measrs.  E.  E.  Green  and  Betbune- 
Baker  commented.  The  President  and  Mr.  C.  J.  F.  Fryer 
both  observed  that  they  bad  received  larvae  of  Siricea  from 
gromng  trees  in  England. 

Further  Note  on  the  "Death-watch"  Beetle. —The 
President  remarked  that  the  XestMutrt  which  he  had 
exhibited  at  the  previous  meeting  was  still  living,  and  that 
he  had  discovered  that  it  was  a  $.  It  had  tapped  when 
touched  on  the  head  with  a  bit  of  paper,  and  when  this  was 
continued  had  extruded  its  ovipositor. 

Many  different  statements  had  been  made  by  different 
observers  as  to  the  part  of  the  head  used  in  tapping;  these 
were  probably  all  correct,  as  the  part  of  the  head  employed 
depends  on  the  form  of  the  surface  tapped. 

Mr.  DoNiSTHORPE  commented  on  these  observations. 


u,y,l,7rJM,G00glc 


(  xiiv    ) 

Papert. 

The  following  papers  were  read  :— 

"  New  aod  Little-known  Heterocera  from  Madagascar," 
by  Sir  George  Eeneick,  Bart.,  F.E.S. 

"  A  preliminary  Catalogue  of  British  Cecidomyulae,  with 
special  reference  to  the  Northern  Gall-flies,"  by  R.  8.  Baqnau, 
P.E.S.,  and  J.  H.  Hakbisok,  M.Sc. 


Wednesday,  June  6th,  1917. 

Dr.  C.  J.  Gahan,  M.A.,  D.Sc.,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

Election  of  FeUom. 

Dr.   H.   G.   Breijer,   Ph.D.,   Director  of   the   Transvaal 

Museum,   Pretoria,   Transvaal,   8.   Africa,  and  Dr.   Alfkid 

£.  Cameron,  M.A.,  D.Sc.,  The  Entomological  Laboratoiy^ 

Agaaeiz,  British  Columbia,  were  elected  Fellows  of  the  Society- 

ExkUntums. 

Two  New  British  Coccids. — Mr.  E.  E.  Obbbn  exhibited 
two  new  and  (at  present)  nodescribed  species  of  British 
Cpccidae,  both  belonging  to  the  genus  Lecaniitm  and  both 
occurring  on  the  Birch  {Beluia  oSm). 

One  of  them  is  quite  a  large  and  conspicuous  insect  A 
single  example  of  this  species  was  taken,  at  Camberley,  hut 
year,  when  a  diligent  search  failed  to  produce  any  further 
specimens.  This  year,  however,  the  insect  baa  turned  up  in 
comparative  abundance,  upon  the  stems  and  branches  of 
young  birch  saplings.  Its  presence  is  rendered  still  more 
obvious  by  the  attentions  of  a  large  ant  [Formica  rufa).  In 
life,  the  dorsum  of  the  insect  is  more  or  lees  covered  with 
greyish-white  cobwebby  secretion  which  gives  it  a  "  mil- 
dewed "  appearance.  This  secretion  has  been  removed  (by 
ether)  from  one  of  the  examples  exhibited,  revealing  the 
actual  colour  of  the  insect,  which  is  seen  to  be  bright  cas- 
taneous,  with  a  narrow  black  median  longitudinal  stripe  and 
six  or  seven  irregularly  mottled  black  transverse  bands.  An 
example  of  the  male  puparium  is  also  shown. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


( 


) 


The  second  epecies  is  smaller,  but  very  Btrongly  convex — 
almost  globose.  Fresh  examples  exhibit  ivory-white  trans- 
Terse  bands  on  a  dark  brown  background :  but  this  pattern 
rapidly  fades  after  tbe  death  of  the  insect.  The  colour  pattern 
is  somewhat  similar  to  that  of  immature  examples  of  L, 
eajrreae;  but  the  insect  now  under  consideration  is  fully 
mature,  the  scales  covering  masses  of  eggs.  It  is,  moreover, 
considerably  smaller  than  capreae.  This  species  appears  to 
be  scarce.  Repeated  search  ha^  resulted  in  the  discovery  of 
four  isolated  individuals  only. 


Morpho  adonu. 


Morjtho  eugaiia. 


MOBPHO    AD0NI3    AND    M.     EUGENIA    DISTISCT    SPECIES. — 

Hr.  W.  J.  Kate  exhibited  Morpho  adonii,  three  males  and 
a  fine  female  from  British  Guiana,  also  an  behalf  of  Mr.  J.  J. 
JoiCEY  M.  adonis  males  and  one  $  from  French  Guiana, 
and  M.  eugenia  males  and  one  female  also  from  French  Guiana, 
together  with  preparations  of  the  genitalia  of  both  to  show 
that  there  was  no  room  for  doubt  that  M.  eugenia,  Deyr., 
1860,  is  a  distinct  species  from  M.  adonis.  Cram.  He  said, 
"  The  harpe  of  adonis  is  stouter  than  that  of  M.  eugenia  and 
is  widened  at  the  centre  into  a  sharp  toothed  projection  which 
is  absent  in  eugenia ;  the  harpe  of  adonis  is  also  much  straighter 
than  M.  eugenia,  the  latter  being  more  curved.  A  glance  at 
the  figures  will  reveal  the  diSerences  at  once. 
On  June  7th  of  last  year  (1916)  when  Mi.  G.  Talbot  ex- 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


(    xrvi    ) 

hibtted  Morpko  etigenia  under  the  name  of  M.  marcus,  I 
Bn^^ted  that  M.  eugenia  might  possibly  be  the  wet-season 
form  of  M.  adonis.  In  the  light  of  evidence  of  the  genitalia 
this  theory  is  untenable,  as  it  is  most  unlikely  that  such  great 
differences  in  the  barpes  could  be  accounted  for  seasonally. 
On  the  advice  of  Lord  Rothschild  I  have  also  prepared  the 
genitalia  of  Araschnia  Uvana  and  its  summer  generation  prona 
to  test  if  there  was  any  seasonal  variation  in  these  oi^ns,  but 
none  was  apparent.  The  settling  of  the  specific  distinctness 
has  automatically  removed  a  great  deal  of  the  nomenclatorial 
muddle.  In  British  Guiana  no  male  of  M.  eugenia  has  ever 
been  recorded  with  certainty.  But  on  the  Potaro  Rivet 
M.  adonis  la  fairly  common,  and  the  two  females  that  were 
sent  from  there  together  with  t«n  males  by  Mr.  Roberts 
between  the  years  1902-1908  unquestionably  are  paired  in- 
sects of  the  same  species — adonis.  Of  the  small  number  of 
adonis  females  that  are  available  for  examination  it  appears 
to  be  clear  that  the  fore-wing  apex  is  rather  pointed  and  the 
anal  angled  projection  rather  pronounced.  On  this  character 
it  is  pretty  certain  that  Schaller's  figure  of  PapUio  marcxis  in 
Naturforscher,  vol.  21,  p.  174,  pi.  iv,  ft.  1,  2  (1785)  is  the  ?  of 
Morpho  adonis.  Distant  recognised  this  in  1881  in  the  Trans. 
Ent.  Soc.  for  that  year,  p.  397.  The  figure  which  he  gives, 
PI.  XX,  really  looks  as  if  it  might  be  a  female  of  M.  eugenia, 
and  until  a  <J  eugenia  has  been  taken  in  British  Guiana  there 
must  be  a  doubt  if  Distant's  figure  is  a  $  of  adonis  or  eugenia. 
It  certainly  looks  like  a  ?  eugenia  from  its  very  large  size  and 
blunt  fore-wing  apex. 

The  synonymy  of  Morpko  adonis  is  now  as  follows : — 

3.  Papilio  adonis.  Cram.,  Pap.  Ex.,  i,  t.  61,  A.B.  (1779). 
Morpho  adonis,  Godt.,  Enc.  M^th.,  ix,  p.  439,  n.  3  (1823). 
?.  Papiiio  Tnarcus,   Schall.,   Naturf.,   xxi,  p.    174,   n.    4, 

t.  4,  f.  1,  2  (1785). 
Zeuxidia  tnarcus,  Kirby,  Syn.  Cat.  Dium.  Lep.,  p.  116, 

8  (1871). 
S  ?.  Morpko  adonis,  Fruh,  in  Seitz,  vol.  v,  p.  349  (1913) 

(=  eugenia,  Deyr.  (J)  err.  det. 
Morpho  adonis.  Roths.,  Nov.  Zool.  xsiii,  p.  317,  191$. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


{     xxvii     ) 

Lord  Rothschild,  with  whom  I  have  been  in  correspondence 
for  some  time  over  this  matter,  agrees  that  he  was  in  eiror 
in  retaining  the  name  marcus  for  the  pale  broader- winged 
Urger  speciea  that  has  recently  been  discovered  in  some 
numbers  in  French  Guiana.  The  geographical  races  of  adoni* 
do  not  appear  to  be  sufficiently  well  known,  but  the  race  named 
by  Mi.  Lathy  as  major  from  N.  Peru  also  has  a  $  with  pointed 
wings,  although  the  insect  is  very  large.  From  Iquitos  there 
appears  to  be  an  intermediate  race  both  in  size  and  in  the  costal 
white  spot  which  is  smaller  than  in  major,  but  larger  than  in 
adonis  adonis.    This  form  might  be  known  as  intermedia. 

Morpho  eugeriia,  Deyr.,  which  until  quite  recently  was  so 
exceedingly  rare  and  of  which  we  were  in  so  much  doubt  as 
to  its  specific  distinctness,  is  now  established  as  a  perfectly 
good  species.  Apart  from  the  differences  of  the  genitalia 
the  (J  <J  are  easily  separable  by  the  more  delicate  silvery 
blue  and  the  squarer  outline  of  the  wings.  The  $  $  such  as 
are  known  are  also  of  squarer  build  with  the  apex  more  blunt 
than  in  adonis,  but  otherwise  the  colouring  seems  to  be  the 
same.  It  is  possible  that  the  dark  ground-colour  of  the 
hind-wing  extends  always  well  beyond  the  cell,  while  in 
adonis  it  is  only  up  to  or  just  beyond  the  cell.  In  a  photo- 
graph of  eight  $  2  Morphos  in  the  collection  of  Mdlle.  de 
Plorrack  of  Paris  the  upper  four«ppear  to  be  adonis  by  the 
sharp  fore-wing  apices  and  smaller  size,  and  the  lower  four 
eagenia  by  the  blunter  fore-wing  and  larger  size.  The 
synonymy  of  M.  eugenia  is  as  ftJlows  :— 

J.  Morpho  eugenia,  Deyr.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Traver,  Ser. 

iii,  vol.  8,  p.  209  (1860).     (Oyapock,  French  Guiana.) 
?.  Morpho  eugettia.  Bar.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Traver,  Ser.  iv, 

vol.  4,  p.  32  (1864).     (Portal,  Maroni  River.) 
9.  Morpho  eagenia,  Oberth.,  Btud.  Ent.  Jjiv.  vi,  p.  27, 

pi.  vi,  fig.  1  (1881). 
?$.  Morpho  adonis,  Dist.,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc,  pi.  xx,  figs.  1, 

2,  p.  397-399. 
Morpho  eugenia,  Kirby,  Syn.  Cat.  Diur.  Lep.,  p.  122  (187 1 ). 
Morpho  marcus  marciu,  Goths.,  Nov.  Zool.  xxiii,  p.  317 

(1916). 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


(    xxTJii     ) 

The  only  race  that  we  know  of  lot  certain  outside  the  type 
form  is  Morpho  eugenia  vraneis,  Bat«e,  from  the  Peruvian 
Amazons. 

In  the  Novitatee  Zoologicae,  vol.  xxiii,  p.  317  (1916),  Lord 
Bothachild  correctly  surmised  the  specific  distinctneaa  ol 
eugeaia  and  adonis  with  the  placing  of  the  races  of  each,  but 
called  eugenia  "  morcus,"  thinking  the  two  names  applied  to 
the  same  insect.  Mr.  Lathy  has  obtained  from  the  coUecton 
in  French  Guiana  the  following  interesting  notes  on  eugmia 
and  adonis.  "  They  are  both  taken  at  the  same  time,  though 
M.  eugenia  disappeara  at  times,  while  M.  adonis  appears  to 
be  found  all  the  year  round.  They  are  also  diSerent  in  habits, 
as  M.  eugenia  is  only  to  be  captured  at  daybreak,  and  after 
about  a  quarter  of  an  hour  it  Siea  too  high  to  be  taken." 

I  should  like  here  to  acknowledge  the  generous  help  of 
Mr.  Joicey,  who  put  the  whole  of  hia  specimens  at  my  dis- 
posal for  examination  and  dissection  notwithstanding  the 
great  rarity  of  the  specimens;  also  to  Lord  Rothschild,  for 
help  by  correspondence,  which  has  contributed  to  thresh  oat 
this  difficult  problem, 

[NOTS  ON  MOEIPHO  BUOENU,  DbYR.,  BT  LoBD  RoTHSCHILD. 

F.E.S.— When  I  stated,  Novit.  Zool.,  vol  xxiii,  p.  317,  that 
the  Morpho  described  by  Deyiolle  in  1860  must  stand  as 
morctM,  Schaller,  1786,  I  gave  as  my  reason  that  we  only 
knew  a  brown  and  white-banded  ?  taken  in  copulation  witii 
an  undoubted  ,S  of  Deyrolle's  eugenia.  Bates  has  also  stated 
that  he  saw  $  adonis  flying,  and  that  they  were  lavender 
grey.  I  now,  however,  on  further  study  of  material  not 
available  at  the  time  I  wrote,  agree  with  Mr.  Kaye  that  the 
$  $  both  of  adonis  and  eu^enta  are  brown  and  white-banded. 
Seeing  also  that  the  adonis  $  $  have  pointed  apices  to  the 
fore-wings,  and  Schaller's  picture  shows  this  clearly,  I  think 
his  name  is  a  pure  synonym  of  adonis.  Cram.,  and  the  rounded 
winged  silvery  blue  insect  must  stand  as  Morpho  eugenia, 
Deyr.l 

RESEMBI.A24CE,      MlUETIC      AND       NON-tOUETIC.  —  Mr.      0- 

Talbot,  on  behalf  of  Mr.  J.  J.  Joicey,  exhibited : — 

1.  A  white-banded  mimetic  group  of  African  Heterocera 
from  the  Cameroons,  composed  of  Mastaga  mariiona,  ButL, 


ih,  Google 


(  «il  ) 

aod  Mtusaga  sp.  ?  (Agariilidae),  Bypochrosis  massagaria, 
Karsclt  (Geometridae),  and  OmmoCtxAelx^  grandit,  Drutw 
{7*netd<M). 

2.  An  example  of  lesemblance  which  is  not  mimeticr  seen 
in  SeorioptU  tn/umata,  Wair.,  from  Peru,  a  Geometrid 
bearing  a  strong  likeness  to  a  species  of  LymantrHdae  from 
Angola. 

3.  A  mimetic  group  from  Dutch  New  Quinea. — Species  of 
TeUervo,  which  are  essentially  Danaine  in  character,  probably 
serving  as  models  for  the  <;  of  the  Satj^rine,  DnuiUopsis 
doherlyi,  Ob.,  and  with  which  is  associated  the  black  and 
white  Neplif.  Another  resemblance  appears  to  exist  between 
the  $  of  D.  dohertyi  and  species  of  Byantis  and  Taenaru 
belonging  to  the  Amaihuaiidae. 

4.  Two  forms  of  TeUeno  from  the  Island  of  Misol.  This 
is  further  confirmatory  evidence  of  the  existence  of  at  least 
two  species  in  this  puzzling  genus.  Fruhstorfer  and  Van 
Eecke  have  declared  their  opinions  that  only  one  species 
exists,  but  Lord  Bothschild  has  noticed  the  occurrence  of 
two  forms  from  one  locality  in  the  Snow  Mountains,  Dutch 
New  Guinea,  and  Mr.  Joicey  has  received  two  forms  from  Biak 
Island. 

6.  PapUio  erlaces,  with  its  races,  including  a  new  race 
from  North  Peru,  and  showing  the  mimetic  9  of  P.  harmoditu, 
Doubl.,  from  the  same  district. 

BlBDS  CAPTtnttNO  BUTTERFLIES  ON  THE  WINO  AT  OZFORD. — 

Prof.  PouLTON  said  that  on  the  previous  day  (June  5)  Mr. 
H.  Britten  had  seen  a  swallow  capture  a  Lycaenid  butterfly. 
It  was  rather  a  curious  coincidence  that  the  observation  was 
made  from  a  windiTw  in  the  Hope  Department,  where  so 
much  attention  had  been  devoted  to  this  subject.  The 
dodging  flight  of  the  butterfly  made  its  capture  difficult  even 
for  such  a  bird  as  the  swallow,  which  only  succeeded  at  the 
third  attempt.  The  Lycaenid  was  bright  blue  and  flying 
high  opposite  the  window,  in  the  afternoon.  The  bird  was  a 
male. 

Prof.  Foulton  said  that,  after  the  above  not«  had  been 
written,  as  he  was  bicycUng  to  the  Museum  that  morning, 
a  bird  darted  from  out  a  garden  and  struck  a  Pierine,  flying 


u,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


(  "«  ) 

hekTil;  after  r&in,  close  by  faim— so  close  in  fact  that  the 
bird  waa  frightened  by  the  bicycle,  and  darted  back,  leaving 
the  butterfly  fluttering  in  the  road.  He  got  off  his  bicycle 
and,  looking  back,  saw  the  bird  return  and  carry  the  inaect 
into  the  garden.  When  he  tried  to  come  to  closer  quarters 
the  bird  flew  up  into  a  tree  and  finally,  still  carrying  the 
butterfly,  across  the  road.  The  butterfly  was  P.  ttapi  or 
rapae,  almost  certainly  the  latter.  The  bird  could  not  be 
obnerved  very  clearly,  but  from  its  size,  colour,  markinga 
(so  far  as  seen),  and  flight,  was  evidently  a  female  chaffincJi. 
The  persistent  pursuit  in  both  these  observations  was  worthy 
of  note.* 
Forms  or  Pafilio  polytes  rouulcs,  Crah.,  from  StNOX- 

FORE  TSLA^'D  AND  THE  HAIN'LAN'D  OPPOSITE. — Prof.   PODLTON 

exhibited  the  mimetic  polyUt,  L.,  females  of  two  series  receotly 
sent  to  him  by  Dr.  R.  Hamt«ch  of  the  Rafiles  Museum, 
Singapore,  in  extensioD  of  his  eariier  consignment,  captured 
JaQ.-May,  1916,  and  analysed  in  our  Proceedings  for  1916,  pp. 
btxvi-liiviii.  The  laiger  of  the  two  series,  analysed  on  p. 
xxxi,  was  from  the  island. 

The  non-mimetic  females,  <^ru«,  were  thus  leas  abundant 
than  in  the  series  captured  Jan, -May,  1916,  when  they 
approximately  equalled  (6  to  9)  the  mimetic  females. 

The  mainland  series,  only  received  within  the  last  few 
weeks,  consisted  of  16  specimens  from  Johore,  oppoaite 
Singapore  Island.  Dr.  Hanitsch  wrote  March  26, 1917  :  "  My 
collector  was  over  there  last  week,  and  this  is  the  result  of 
five  days'  collecting !  As  soon  as  I  have  the  opportunity  I 
will  try  to  send  you  more.  Johore  Bahru,  where  the  speci- 
mens were  taken,  is  the  capital  of  Johore,  close  to  the  straits 
separating  Singapore  Island  from  the  mainland.  '  Bahm  ' 
means  '  new.'  "  The  specimens  were  noted  as  having  been 
captured  four  miles  from  Johore  Bahru  on  the  following 
dates  :^ 

"  A  few  (kya  after  the  meeting  on  June  8  I  reoeiTed  the  following 
note  from  Mr.  W.  Feather,  F.E.S.,  at  Kibweii,  B.E.  Africa:— "On 
September  26,  1916,  about  7.30  a.m.,  1  ww  a  gnen  BM.e>ter 
[probablj  Meropt  ap.]  oUch  and  eat  a  Btlatoit  mtiaUina  i .  The 
insect  wae  at  rest  on  a  low  bunh,  and  I  had  gone  quite  close  t4  ~~  ~  ~ 
it  and  had  disturbed  it."— H^  B.  P. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


(    xxxi    ) 

MuTch  22. — 2  mimetic  females  (jmlylea). 

„     23. — 1  male-like  female  {cyrua),  4  males. 
„     24.-3  males. 

„     25. — 1  mimetic  female  (polyla),  3  males. 
„     26.-2  males. 


The  numbers  were  quite  insufGcient  to  warrant  any  con- 
clusion, but  they  suggested  the  possibility  that  the  ct/rus 
females  were  rarer  on  the  mainland  than  on  the  island.  Prof. 
Poulton  very  much  hoped  that  Dr.  Hanitsch  would  be  able 
to  send  a  series  sufficiently  long  to  teat  this  suggestion 
thoroughly. 


Papilio  polyles  Twnulus,  Cr.,  at  Singapore. 


c«p«.r«ini»ie.   j  "^zT*'"  '  *""^°X;  *•  I  '"m^tS:*' 

May  12 

7      i              ; 

OoloW 

1 

Nov.  15 

I'll 

..      16 

3      :              ;       1 

„   n 

2          ;                      ;           1 

,.     22 

1             2             1                              11 

,.     23 

!     ^     :     > 

.    "     26 

1     2     i          1     ' 

..     2T 

i             3             i              1               1               !• 

Dec.    2 

.,      4 

»       !'                I        ■ 

..      6 

3             1                              1 

..      6 

1             3             1             2               1 

Tot»U. 

1           34             1             5                             V 

*  The  form  ttieJtiuf  with  no  white  in  the  hind-wing  cell. 

u,y,l,7rJM,G00glc 


Prof.  Poulton  said  that  variAtion  in  the  submaigiiial  red 
spoto  and  in  the  white  patch  and  the  adjacent  led  markiiigB 
on  the  hind-wing  of  the  mimetic  pt^yUs  female  made  it  a 
-favoucable  example  for  the  study  of  the  heieditAiy  trans- 
miaaion  of  very  small  characters  and  for  testing  whether 
such  transmission  was  Mendelian.  With  this  object  he  had 
analysed  Dr.  Hanitsch's  material  and  the  result  showed 
that  there  were  numbers  of  small  characters  which  might 
be  selected  for  breeding  experiments. 

Considering  first  the  9  females  captured  Oct. -Dec.,  19IG, 
there  was  great  variation  in  the  size  of  the  white  patch  in 
the  hind-wing,  but  it  was  generally  la^  and  well  developed 
in  all  its  parts,  viz.  the  mark  in  the  cell  and  those  in  the  four 
areas  from  2  to  6.  The  white  marking  In  area  2  was  always 
more  oi  less  replaced  by  red  and  that  in  area  5  very  variable 
in  size.  The  white  marking  in  the  cell  was  usually  loi^,  but 
very  small  in  the  female  captured  Dec.  4,  and  absent  from 
that  captured  Nov.  27,  so  that  this  latter  specimen  belonged 
to  the  form  slichius,  HQbn.,  the  first  that  had  appeared  among 
the  specimens  sent  by  Dr.  Hanitsch  from  Singapore.  The 
female  of  Dec.  2  combined  a  large  white  marking  in  the  cell 
with  a  mere  trace  in  area  5  and  a  small  remnant  near  the  cell 
all  the  rest  being  replaced  by  red,  in  area  2.  The  white 
marks  in  areas  3  and  4  of  this  specimen  were  of  moderate 
size,  the  outer  end  of  the  former  being  capped  by  a  red  mark- 
ing half  as  long  as  the  white.  This  red  section  did  not  here 
appear  to  replace  the  white,  but  to  be  added  to  it,  for  there 
was  no  gradual  transition  as  in  area  2,  but  both  white  and 
red  sections  ended  abruptly  and  were  separated  by  a  trace 
of  ground-colour,  in  the  form  of  a  thin  curved  black  liiie> 
The  independent  variation  of  the  elements  of  the  white  patch 
was  very  evident,  especially  that  in  the  cell  as  compared 
with  those  in  areas  2-Q.  Thus,  when  the  females  were  arranged 
according  to  the  size  of  the  mark  in  the  cell,  from  ite  largest 
down  to  its  disappearance  in  the  stichius  form,  the  sizes  of 
the  marks  in  the  areas  outside  the  cell  by  no  means  followed 
the  same  arrangement;  for  they  remained  of  full  size  even  in 
the  stichius  form. 

The  combination  of  small  submarginal  red  spots  above 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


(        TTTlii         ) 

with  large  ones  below,  as  noted  in  some  of  Dr.  Hanitsch'B 
Singapore  specimens  of  January  and  February,  1916  (Proo. 
Ent.  Soc.,  1916,  p.  Izzvti),  was  here  seen  in  the  ca[ltuieB  ot 
Nov.  25  and  Nov,  27  (the  ilickiua  form),  and  to  a  less  marked 
extent  in  those  o£  Nov.  17  and  Nov.  22.  The  especially  small 
Rze  of  the  subma^nal  red  spot  in  area  3  (Froc.  Ent.  8oc., 
1914,  p.  zxv)  was  very  evident  in  these  four  specimens.  It 
was  altogether  wanting  from  the  upper  surface  of  the  sltc&tuc 
form  and  represented  by  a  mere  trace  in  the  specimen  of 
Nov.  26. 

Comparing  these  nine  polytes  females  with  eight  out  of 
the  nine  (one  had  been  mislaid)  taken  JaQ.-May,  1916, 
the  latter  series  showed  a  somewhat  higher  average  develop- 
ment of  the  white  markings  on  the  hind-wing.  The  mark 
in  the  cell  was  in  no  case  reduced  so  far  as  in  two  of 
tiie  later  captures,  and  t^  mark  in  area  2  was  nearly  re- 
placed by  red  in  only  one  specimen,  also  characterised  by 
a  smallish  white  mark  in  area  fi — well  developed  in  the  seven 
others. 

As  regards  the  three  polytea  females  from  the  mainland,  one 
of  the  two  taken  March  22,  1917,  much  resembled  the  island 
one  of  Dec.  2,  1916,  although  as  compared  with  the  latter  the 
white  mark  in  the  cell  was  much  smallet  while  the  spot  in 
area  6,  though  very  small,  was  larger  and  far  more  distinct. 
These  two  specimens  of  Dec.  2  and  March  22  might  indicate 
a  transition  towards  the  romulus  $  form,  mimicking  P.  hector, 
L.,  a  transition  especially  suggested  by  the  increasing  red  and 
diminishing  white  in  area  2,  the  addition  of  red  to  area  3, 
and  in  the  tendency  of  the  red  to  encircle  the  white  patch 
by  invading  the  basal  border  of  the  mark  in  Uie  cell.  This 
invasion  was  especially  marked  in  the  mainland  female  and 
in  the  island  one  of  Nov.  26,  in  both  of  which  the  red  scales 
were  continued  across  the  cell  into  area  6.  The  other  main- 
land female  of  March  22  showed  a  small  spot  in  area  6,  but 
the  white  markings  were  otherwise  biirly  developed,  oa  they 
were  in  the  female  of  March  26,  with  a  much  larger  spot  in 
area  6. 

When  Dr.  Hanitsch's  mimetic  female  polyUs  were  last 
shown  to  the  Society  (Proc.,  1916,  p.  btxvi)  Mr.  J.  C.  F.  Fryer 

raoo.  BUT.  aoo.  lond.,  n-iv.  1917  o 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


(    zxziv    ) 

&iid  Hi.  E.  B.  Gieen  lenUTked  oq  the  differeDce  between  tlie 
innei  maiginal  bordei  of  theii  hind-wing  pattern  and  t^t 
of  Ceylon  specimens.  The  lattei  seemed  to  them  to  show  a 
Bmaller  development  of  the  red  markings  in  this  region. 
Piof.  Poulton  had  since  carefully  compared  the  specimenB 
and  found  that  the  difieience  in  appeanmce  was  due  to  two 
out  of  the  three  red  markings  in  area  Ic  of  the  western  females 
being  fused  in  the  eastern  females  into  a  single  long  basally 
placed  streak,  the  outermost  marking  remaining  separate 
in  both  localities.  The  basal  division  into  2  separate  mark- 
ings was  sometimes  indicated  by  a  notch  which  occasionally 
(lor  example  in  2  Singapore  females  taken  in  January,  1916) 
broke  througH,  producing  a  pattern  like  that  found  in  the 
great  majority  of  the  jxAylea  females  in  Ceylon.  Among 
these  latt«r  too  the  same  fusion  into  a  single  notched  streak 
occasionally  took  place.  So  tar  as  could  be  inferred  from  the 
insufficient  material  in  the  Hope  Department  specimens  from 
the  mainland  of  India  were  intermediate  in  this  respect 
between  those  from  Ceylon  and  Singapore.  It  would  be 
very  interesting  to  breed  from  the  exceptional  females  in  both 
east  and  west. 
Frbdacbous  Reditvud  buqs  and  Fossobs,  with  tbbib 

PSBT,  FROM  TBE  S.  PaULO  DI8TBICT  OF  SotlTH-ElAST  BRAZIL.— 

Prof.  Poulton  exhibited  and  described  a  set  of  predaceous 
insects  captured  1913-16  by  Dr.  Giegorlo  Bondar  in  the  S.  Paulo 
district  of  S.E.  Brazil,  and  presented  to  the  Hope  Department 
by  Ur.  Q.  A.  J.  Rothney.  In  determining  the  species  kind 
help  had  been  received  from  Mr.  0.  J.  Gahan,  Hr.  W.  h. 
Distant,  Mr.  E.  Q.  Blair,  Mr.  R.  South,  Mr.  A.  S.  Hiret,  aod 
especially  from  Dr.  G.  A.  K.  Marshall  and  Mr.  Rowland 
E.  Turner;  in  interpreting  the  often  indistinctly  written 
Portuguese  on  some  of  the  labels,  kind  help  had  been  given 
by  Don  Fernando  de  Arteaga.  The  great  majority  of  the 
observations  had  been  made  at  Piracicaba,  about  100  miW 
N.W.  of  S.  Paulo,  in  S.E.  Brazil;  others  at  Campinas,  about 
70  miles  N.W.  of  the  same  city. 

The  Reduviid  captors  and  tJieir  prey— almost  invariably 
insects  belonging  to  the  specially  protected  groups — wen 
shown  in  the  following  table: — 


ll,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


triam  o»  uddtiid  bdq. 

■rmiM  Of  »n.            tMtum  did  ntn. 

Apiomtnu  loMpa,  F. 

The     FoBsor      (Sand  - 

19U. 

„      .. 

The   Honey.bw   Jpt» 

"  1B13-I9i6. 

"      •• 

The  Antbribid  beette 
«M,  Oarm. 

" 

^£^p.-  "• 

Tb«  C^thuid   beetle 
<ita,BLuidt. 

" 

2dt»sp.A. 

The    Hooey-bee    Ajiit 

„ 

..     B. 

BroamBp.!. 

1913,'bot.2or'ili.T.2 

»h;s.  •    ■ 

The     Homopteron 
«nM,Dirt. 

"  1913-1916 

The  FosaoTS  and  theii  prey  were  recorded  in  the  following 
table,  the  notes  being  taken  from  the  French  and  Foitugnese 
of  the  labels  on  the  specimens  or  from  the  common  labels 
written  by  the  collector  and  pinned  beneath  two  or  mote 
specimens.  "  Nid  "  had  been  taken  to  mean  burrow,  inas- 
much as  the  species  belonged  to  the  groups  which  were  well 
known  to  dig  in  the  ground.  Dr.  B.  C.  L.  Perkins  had  further- 
more kindly  examined  the  specimens  and  was  sure,  from  their 
structure,  that  all  except  one  were  fossorial  in  habits.  The 
one  for  which  this  evidence  was  not  clear  was  the  Podium, 
which  on  other  grounds,  viz.  its  prey,  consisting  of  several 
cockroaches,  was  also  sure  to  be  fossorial.  When  there  is 
no  reference  to  the  bunow  it  is  to  be  inferred  that  the  prey 
was  being  carried  or  dragged  by  its  captor.  In  most  cases 
it  was  stated  on  the  label  that  the  Fosaor  had  been  captured 
with  its  prey. 


u„,,i,A  J..,  Google 


VMua  or  rouoB. 

BFKns  o*  rutT.                 uwiun  Ut>  MB. 

(POMMLlDAa). 

A     Trap-dooi     smder 
(C(«..5W«),    /Sop. 
■p. 

Firaoioaba,  Deo.  23,1 
1914. 

Bp.  A.,  muumed  in 
Brit.  Hub.,  8  ex- 
•mpki. 

ZycMo  ip.,  2  examples. 

Jan.  "27  and"  Deo.  1 
1911. 

^^^srs.-™^- 

Ua^  26, 1914. 

Sia.  27,  i914. 

A   web-building  spider 
Jm»n«(£jwra)Bp. 

d^.  6. 19is. 

Podium  8p.ooptured 
in  it>  burrow. 

Walk.,  out  of  nvenl 
BiatUdat    of    umB 
species  in  the  borrow. 

Oct.  B,  1914. 

1 

Note:   "OissBe  iarve 

Another  label  adds 
in   Portuguese  that 
the      larvae      were 
green.       No    speoi- 

NodaU  butcerUunlyj 
in  S.  Paulo  district,  | 
and  betweoi  1913 
and  1916. 

L.,  o&ptured  in  iu 

1  9   nr.  genua  BOero- 
•nofiiur,       out        of 

in  the  burrow. 

Kracioaba,  H6».  7, 
1913. 

2  f  ,  1  immature  Lo- 
eustids,  Conoavhol- 
oida  sp.,   probably 
»»mIb>L,     F.,     i^ 
the  burrow. 

Jul.  13, 1914. 

theotherl  genus,  in 
bunow. 

Jai'.  26,  mo. 

ito  burrow. 

2  Bvbria  ip.  ?  out  of 
several  Loautida*  in 
the  burrow. 

No        looality,       but 
certainly    6.    Paolo 
district.       probably 
Piiadcab*.    as     Q. 
Bondar    was    there 
Jan.  13  and  27. 
Jan.  23, 191i. 

ih,Cooi^lc 


(    zzzrii    ) 


™„.,,.^ 

SPlCna  OF  PRET. 

U«^^D.T>. 

SpAcc  Onattu,  Sm. 

The    Aohdian   <gTaBs- 
hopper)  Ottnilia  vio- 
lacea,  Tbimb.,  9 . 

In   oampo,  Campinas, 
Deo.  7, 1913. 

The  Acridiftn  8AM0- 

G.,  9  .    The  prey  ia 
buried  neat  the  place 
where  it   was   cap- 
tured—one  Aoridian 
for  each  SjAa  Iarv». 

In       the      cemetery, 
Compinafl. 
Deo.  8,  iei3. 

aia,J. 

Piraeicaba,  Jan.  22, 
1915. 

BjAtx       ramptuonu, 
Coeta,  captured  in 

is,  l9o{  the  Locus- 
Ota,  de  G.,  in  the 

In  the  cemetory, 
Campinas,  Dec.  21, 
1913. 

C«reen..™tator,8m.. 

on  ono  states  th»t 
it  wu  oaptored  in 
its    burrow    where 
it     ooUecta     nuny 

8    of    the    Enmolpid 

with    one    Crretrta 
'   7  in  uiother  with  » 
BCoond  Ceneria. 

Campinas,    Deo.    21, 

Cm:m.«mpkar,Sm.. 

Mptnrod    in    bor- 
rows "  deep  in  the 

math "        (Portu. 
guese). 

EpUroffiu  Bp.,  tdken 
in  one  of  the  bur- 

Iteo.  21,  1913. 

Atlaia  up.,  captured 

An   immature   Penta- 
tomid  bug. 

1916. 

Nctagonia      dteor<Ua, 
Sm. 

A  9  Aohetid  of  genus 
Gr^us  or  OrySodes. 

Piraoicaba,  April  IQIS. 

2  i  Acbetida  as  above, 
one       with       each 
fVwBor. 

" 

Tachsia          caOota, 
Kohl.,  2  examples. 
"  They      live      in 
««uly"   pkooe   on 
one  m  PortngneBe. 

Note:     "Chasse    des 
petite  mouohes  "  on 
one     Foe»>r.        No 
■peoimens  of  prey. 

On  the  football 
ground,  Oftmpinaa. 
'nusnotfl  and  date 
on  one  specimen, 
but  probably  ap- 
plies to  both,  Deo. 
19,  1913. 

jTodjtosp. 

A  i  Aoridiu)  I  gen.  et 
■P- 

Campinas.  Deo.  19. 
1913. 

ll,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


Mtmdttla  [Btidia) 
adonu,  Huidl.,  2 
eumplee.  "Cbawe 
HJCToUpidopUres  " 
label. 


The    arrangement    of    No  locality.    ProbaUj 
collection  Hhonrd  3  |      Piracicaba    as  Jul 
Hetperidat      (prob- 
ably OorifyAum 
' Prittw. 


Siajihgliu  epieaiU, 
Hab.,  ?,  aiajA^iu 
»p.  rfmnor,Schaus), 
associated  irilh  one 
Jf.  adonit  and  3 
otben  (probably  Sla- 
n&uIiMBp.  ttcfiramut, 
SonanB,  r  Megittiaa 
■p.,  I  SyaUuea  sp. 
9 ),  with  the  other 
— alnuMt  oertainly 
takoi  from  the 
bairowB. 


23,  1914, 

odminon    label   (d. 

Spter     «(■■ 


M<nudtila  ISlitiia) 
gravida,  Handl.,  2 
elamples.  "  Chasan 
Dipt^^e  "  on  com- 
moD  label. 


4  VobtetOa  cbaa,  F.. 
prob«bly  taken 
from  burrow  of  one 
or  both  FosBora. 


Firacioaba,  Oct.  191t. 


Mcnedrda       (Stiaia) 


fo  data,  oertaildy 
1913-IOie,  S.  Fknlo 
district. 


OliT.        Probably 
from  burrow. 

- "  Chasse   larre  de 
punaises  de  boia." 


Fmtato- 
mida,  almost  cer- 
tainly from  burrow. 


It  was  of  great  isterest  to  have  the  opportunity  of  studyiDK 
a  good  seriea  of  S.  American  Fosaora  and  their  prey,  and  to 
recognise  how  constant  were  the  instincta  hitherto  recorded 
mainly  from  other  parts  of  the  world.  Thus  all  the  Pom^^iiSM 
had  taken  spiders,  all  the  species  of  S'phex  Orthoptera,  the 
Cenxria  a  beetle,  tUe  Astata  a  bug,  etc.  The  orthopterooa  prey 
of  the  Podium  su^^ted  the  possibility  that  its  true  position  lay 
between  Ammophila  and  Sphex.  The  most  interesting  record 
was  that  of  Monedula  adonis,  one  of  the  Bembecides,  with 
Hesperid  prey,  not  unnaturally  classed  as  "  Microlepido- 
ptera"  by  the  collector.  The  specimens  were  in  very  bid 
condition  and  so  coidd  not  be  determined  with  certainty,  but 
there  was  no  doubt  about  the  fact  that  very  difierent  speciw 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


(    xixix    ) 

w«ie  lepresented.  Only  three  retained  their  bodies,  and  of 
these  Dr.  Eltringham  had  made  out  two  to  be  females  and  one 
a  male.  Althongh  so  different,  the  general  appearance  of  the 
Bpeciee  was  similar,  all  being  dark  brown  in  colour  with  no 
pattern  or  one  so  inconspicuous  as  to  be  invisible  at  a  little 
distance.  It  seemed  probable  that  the  Fossois  had  caught 
their  prey  drinking  at  mnd  and  had  selected  females  as  far 
as  possible.  Dr.  Carpenter's  observation,  recorded  on  p.  zlii, 
supported  tbeee  suggestions. 

Mr.  G.  A.  J.  Bothney  had  written  Oct.  19,  1916  ;— 

"  The  Foaaor  that  stores  Skippers  is  new  to  me  but  I 
have  met  cases  of  a  first  stage  in  that  direction.  Vexpa  cinda, 
F.,  the  common  Indian  Hornet,  captures  Skippers  on  the  wing, 
strips  o&  the  two  wings  on  one  side,  then  holda  the  other  two  and 
squeezes  the  body  dry,  drops  the  body  and  two  wings  and  flies 
away.  I  have  recorded  the  incident  in  the  Entom.  Mo.  Mag., 
vol.  xjii,  1876-7,  pp.  254-5,  under  '  Squirrel  versus  Hornet.' 
I  expect  FossoTs  and  Wasps  have  a  taste  for  the  fat  juicy 
bodies  of  Skippers,  and  as  they  fly  by  day  they  fall  a  natural 
prey;  but  the  storing  is  a  distinct  advance.  The  habit  of 
F.  ctncfa  is  undoubtedly  established,  not  a  chance  occurrence. 
The  favourUe  Skipper  was  a  thick-set  fleshy  one — dull  in 
colour  like  our  tages — ^but  with  long,  pointed  wings.  There 
was  a  prompt,  business-like  action  about  the  operation  which 
told  it  was  an  old  game  or,  aa  they  would  say  in  India, 
Shikir." 

The  only  previous  observation  of  the  storing  of  butterflies 
by  wasps  was,  so  far  as  Prof.  Foulton  knew,  that  recorded 
by  Belt  in  "  The  Naturalist  in  Nicaragua  "  (2nd  edition, 
1888.  p.  109)  :— 

"  There  is  ...  a  yellow  and  black  banded  wasp  that 
catches  them  ['  Helvxmi4ae,'  evidently  referring  to  the  trans- 
parent-winged Itkomiinae]  to  store  his  nest  with ;  and  when- 
ever one  of  theee  came  about,  they  would  rise  fluttering  in 
the  air,  where  they  were  safe,  as  I  never  saw  the  wasp  attack 
them  on  the  wing.  It  would  hawk  round  the  groups  of 
shrubs,  trying  to  pounce  on  one  unawares;  but  their  natural 
dread  of  this  foe  made  it  raUter  difficult  to  do  so.  When  it 
did  catch  one,  it  would  quietly  bite  ofi  its  wings,  roll  it  up 


ih,  Google 


(  ll  ) 

into  a  ball,  and  fly  off  with  it."  The  deacriptioD  snggeBtod 
a  DijdopteToua  tather  than  a  Fossorial  wasp. 

Id  addition  to  the  Bpecimena  here  tabulated  Dr.  Bondai'a 
collection  exhibited  to  the  meeting  contained  the  tnbe  of  a 
trap-door  spidei  together  with  the  probable  owner — a  spider 
of  the  genus  Idiops  without  label,  but  placed  in  cloee  proximity 
to  the  tube.  To  the  latter  was  attached  a  Portuguese  label 
of  which  the  translation  was  "  Destroyed  by  wasp.  Seems 
to  be  a  SaHvt  with  yellow-tipped  antennae,  of  medium  size." 
The  date  was  Jan.  15,  the  year  being  left  uncertain.  It  was 
probable  that  the  wasp  referred  to  was  the  Peptis,  taken 
with  a  spider  of  the  genus  Idiopt,  Dec.  23, 1914,  and  standing 
first  in  the  table  on  p.  xxxvi.  This  Fossor  was  of  moderate 
size  and  had  yellow-tipped  antennae.  It  was  also  probable 
that  the  spider  had  been  attacked  and  stored  in  its  own  tube 
by  the  Foasor,  which  was  thus  saved  the  trouble  of  digging 
a  burrow  for  itself — an  example  on  a  lai^r  scale  of  the  tragedy 
described  by  W.  H.  Hudson  in  "  The  Naturalist  in  La  Plata  " 
(pp.  180-82  of  the  1896  edition)  :— 

"  On  the  grassy  pampas,  dry  bare  spots  of  soil  are  resorted 
to  by  a  class  of  spiders  that  either  make  oi  take  little  holes  in 
the  ground  to  reside  in.  .  .  . 

"...  Now,  in  summer,  to  a  dry  spot  of  ground  like  this, 
comes  a  small  wasp,  scarcely  longer  than  a  blue-bottle  fly, 
body  and  wings  of  a  deep  shining  purplish  blue  colour,  with 
only  a  white  mark  like  a  collar  on  the  thorax.  ...  It  visita 
and  explores  every  crack  and  hole  in  the  ground,  and,  if  yon 
watch  it  attentively,  you  will  at  length  see  it,  on  arriving 
at  a  hole,  give  a  little  start  backwards.  It  knows  that  a 
spider  lies  concealed  within.  Presently  ...  it  disappeara  into 
the  hole  and  remains  there  for  some  time.  Then,  just  when 
you  are  begiiming  to  tiunk  that  the  little  blue  explorer  htf 
been  trapped,  out  it  rushes,  flying  in  terror,  apparently,  from 
the  spider  who  issues  close  behind  in  hot  pursuit ;  but,  befors 
they  are  three  inches  away  from  the  hole,  quick  as  lightnmg 
the  wasp  turns  on  its  follower,  and  the  two  become  locked 
together  in  a  deadly  embrace.  Looking  like  one  insect,  they 
epin  rapidly  round  for  a  few  moments,  then  up  springs  the 
wasp— victorious.    The  wretched  victim  is  not  dead;    iU 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


(    xli    ) 

legs  move  a  little,  but  its  soft  body  is  paralysed,  and  lies 
collapsed,  flabby,  and  powerless.  .  .  .  When  the  wasp  has 
sufficiently  rested  after  the  struggle,  it  deliberately  drags  the 
disable*^  spider  back  into  its  own  hole,  and,  having  packed  it 
away  at  the  extremity,  lays  an  egg  alongside  of  it,  then, 
coming  out  again,  gathers  dust  and  rubbish  with  which  it 
fills  up  and  obliterates  the  hole.  .  .  ." 

OBSBBVATlOMa     ON     FoSSOBS    IN    SaST     AFRICA     BY    Dft, 

0.  D.  H.  Cabpenteb. — Prof.  Poultom  said  that  an  observa- 
tion lecoided  in  a  letter  written  to  liim  Jan.  18,  1917,  by 
Di.  Carpenter,  threw  farther  Ught  on  the  storing  of  Hesperidae 
by  Bembeddes : — 

"  Yesterday  (on  a  journey  from  NdaU,  33°  15'  E.,  4°  45'  8., 
to  my  new  post  Igtdtda,  on  the  Central  Railway,  aboat  40 
miles  £.  of  Tabora)  I  had  such  an  interesting  observation  of 
a  Bembex  that  I  write  post  haste  to  tell  yon.  I  was  catching 
Skippers  on  mud  on  the  road  (and  had  got  several  of  a  beautiful 
species,  bright  golden  brown,  with  the  hind-wing  below 
marked  with  a  number  of  whitish  radiating  streaks  [Oxypa^ntt 
harona,  Westw.,  =  ritso,  Mab.].  This  I  had  never  seen 
before;  also  a  lai^  and  wonderful  white  species  [Leuco- 
cMUmea  Mndei,  H.  H.  Druce]  which  I  took  at  first  for  a  small 
Bdenois,  among  which  it  was  drinking.  These  will  come  by 
the  next  box.  To  return  to  our  muttons)  and  suddenly  saw 
an  unmistakable  Bembex  flying  round  my  legs,  on  which 
sat,  and  bit,  numbers  of  Q.  morsUana,  Tabanits,  and  Baema- 
topota  (indeed,  I  had  been  bitten  so  much  that  I  was  quite 
jumpy  I).  I  naturally  thought  the  Ben^tex  was  after  these, 
though  she  was  not  of  the  species  that  I  have  often  seen 
come  round  me  looking  tor  fat  Olossina  or  roMniu.  She 
was  large,  greenish  yellow,  with  a  transverse  black  band 
across  each  abdominal  segment.  After  buzzing  around  for 
a  bit  (the  hum  was  the  characteristic  Bembex  hum,  which  is 
of  a  tone  difierent  from  that  of  other  Hymenoptera,  ot  AeUidae, 
whose  bu2z  is  equally  characteristic)  she  hung  in  the  air  a 
few  inches  above  a  Lycaenid,  quietly  drinking  on  the  mud, 
and  pounced  on  it.  I  couldn't  see  exadly  what  happened, 
but  the  Lycaenid  was  dropped,  and  the  Bembex  moved  away 
to  where  a  Skipper  was  also  drinking,  and  hung  poised  over 


u„,,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


(    iBi    ) 

that  for  ft  Becond  or  so — evidently  ezamining  it  cloaely.  The 
raeult  seemed  unsatisfactory;  she  moved  away  and  hung 
over  another,  then,  pounce,  and  she'd  got  it  t  Foi  a  brief 
moment  she  remained  in  the  air,  havering  juat  over  the^^und, 
holding  the  Skipper.  I  struck  hut,  oh,  I  mined  her !  and 
she  was  o9  like  &  streak  of  lightning.  I  did  not  see  her  again. 
I  waited  a  little  (aa  long  as  I  dared,  for  the  afternoon  thundet- 
stonn  was  coming  up)  but  she  did  not  come  back;  bo  once 
again  I  have  sent  you  a  new  Fosaor  observatioD,  without  the 
specimen  1  It  was  interesting  that  she  should  catch  a  Lycaenid 
and  drop  it ;  I  was  so  interested  watching  her  that  I  could  not 
devote  any  attention  to  the  discarded  piey.  I  expect  the 
reason  she  did  not  take  the  jint  Skipper  was  that  it  was  not 
fat  enough.  My  observations  on  the  Bembex  that  preyed 
on  Olossina  on  Neadzi  Island  (see  my  first  Sleeping  Sickness 
Beport)  showed  that  the  prey  was  the  fattest  that  could  be 
selected — often  a  pregnant  2  fly.  So  the  rejected  Skipper 
may  have  been  a  <3  and  the  chosen  a  $ ;  it  was  a  dark  hrown 
species  with  narrow  wings,  hind-wing  beneath  with  a  row  of 
tiny  white  dote  (I  don't  know  the  generic  name).  Has  a 
Bmibex  ever  been  known  to  prey  on  Skippers  or  on  any  other 
butterfly?  Don't  say  it  was  an  Asilid,  for  it  was  not/  I 
could  tell  an  Asilid  from  a  Bembex  with  my  eyes  shut  by  the 
buzz  alone !  Moreover,  I  have  yet  to  meet  the  Asilid  that 
tekes  ite  prey  sitting.  Also  the  broad  abdomen — without 
pedicel — ^rendered  it  unlikely  that  she  was  not  a  Bembex 
but  some  other  kind  of  predatory  (perhaps  Diplopteroos) 
wasp.  I  should  much  hke  to  know  if  there  are  any  other 
notes  of  this  kind." 

The  following  observations  on  AmmojAtla  beninenais.  Pal. 
de  Beauv.,  or  a  species  very  close  to  it,  were  recorded  in  a 
letter  written  by  Dr.  Carpenter,  Jan.  14,  1917,  from  Ndala, 
which  appears  on  the  map  as  a  Hisaion  Station : — 

"  On  Jan.  3id  I  disturbed  from  hei  work,  on  the  road,  a 
fine  Sphegid.  On  the  wing  her  long  legs  were  bunched  to- 
gether, hanging  down  very  conspicuously.  Her  prey,  a  large, 
smooth,  brown  Noctuid  larva,  lay  in  a  slightly  curved  posture 
at  the  brink  of  a  vertical  burrow.  I  sat  down  beside  it,  and 
when  the  Sphex  had  returned  and,  as  I  did  not  move,  recom- 


Ij.y.l.AjL.yCOO'^lL' 


(    xM    ) 

menced  her  work,  I  was  able  to  follow  closely.  She  examined 
the  larva  very  carefully  from  head  to  tail,  and  then  went 
down  the  hole  and  brought  up  an  '  armful '  of  soil,  held  by 
the  fore  limbs  up  against  her  '  chin.'  She  walked  away  with 
this,  and  deposited  it  about  3  inches  away,  giving,  at  the 
exact  moment  when  she  put  it  down,  a  short  sharp  buzz. 
This  was  repeated  once  or  twice,  and  then,  having  placed  the 
tip  of  bet  abdomen  at  the  orifice  of  the  burrow,  she  felt  her 
way  down  backwards,  and  before  she  disappeared  seized  the 
larva  just  behind  the  head  by  bet  mandibles  and  drew  it 
down  after  her.  But  the  chamber  at  the  bottom  was  not 
big  enough,  so  with  loud  buzzing  she  pushed  her  way  past 
the  larva  and  came  out  again ;  then,  standing  over  the  hole, 
she  put  her  head  down  and  seized  the  larva  aa  far  in  front  of 
its  hinder  extremity  as  she  could  reach,  and  dragged  it  up  to 
the  surface.  The  next  step  was  to  grip,  between  her  fore- 
legs, the  extreme  end  of  the  larva,  and  to  shift  her  mandibles 
so  as  to  get  a  fresh  hold  further  forward;  thus  she  lifted  it 
again,  and  in  this  way  dragged  it  right  out  of  the  hole  and 
laid  it  at  the  brink,  the  concavity  of  its  posture  directed 
towards  the  hole,  the  two  extremities  at  the  very  edge.  She 
then  went  down  again  and  brought  up  another  armful  of  earth, 
depositing  it  in  the  manner  previously  described.  Having 
done  this  several  times  she  again  went  down  backwards, 
precisely  as  before,  and  dragged  her  victim  down  by  its '  neck.' 
But  again  the  chamber  at  the  bottom  of  the  burrow  could  not 
contain  this  large  larva,  and  its  hinder  end  projected  up  into 
the  burrow.  So  once  more  the  unskilful  wasp  had  to  push 
her  way  out  with  loud  buzzings,  and  drag  the  larva  out  again 
in  the  same  way,  and  further  enlarge  the  chamber.  Still  it 
did  not  prove  big  enough,  and  this  all  happened  four  more 
times !  On  the  sixth  occasion,  the  larva  not  having  been 
diapoaed  quite  exactly  in  the  right  position  at  the  mouth  of 
the  hole,  when  she  backed  down  she  caught  hold  of  the  posterior 
and  not  the  anterior  end.  The  larva  then  moved  very  feebly 
(it  had  had  a  lot  of  pulling  about !)  and  the  wasp  at  once 
perceived  that  something  was  wrong.  She  hurried  out  of  the 
hole  and  examined  it  very  carefully.  She  then  adjusted  it 
to  the  proper  position,  went  down  again,  and  dragged  the 


u„,,i,A  J..,  Google 


(    div    ) 

larva  down  by  the  '  Deck '  as  usual.  But  still  it  conld  not  b« 
wholly  contained  in  tlie  chamber,  and  had  to  be  dragged  oat 
once  more  for  further  digging :  this  time,  however,  a  new 
difficulty  arose ;  it  waa  bo  far  down  that  the  Sphex,  standing 
over  the  hole,  coold  only  giasp  the  extreme  tip  of  it£  body 
(posterior  end),  so  that  wheo  she  drew  it  up  there  was  nowhere 
for  the  fore  limbs  to  grip !  Thus,  every  time  she  tried,  the 
larva  fell  down  to  the  bottom  of  the  hole  again,  and  she  began 
to  get  very  agitated. 

"  At  last,  after  ten  efiorts  she  managed  somehow  to  get  a 
grip  with  the  forelegs,  and  ao  pulled  the  larva  out  as  at  Erst 
described,  enlarged  the  chamber  once  more,  and  pulled  the 
larva  down  for  the  seventh — and  last — time;  for  now  it 
fitted  wholly  in  the  chamber  and  none  of  it  was  visible  when 
one  looked  down  the  burrow.  After  a  pause — quite  remark- 
ably short — for  ovipoeition,  the  wasp  came  out  and  proceeded 
to  fill  up  the  hole  in  the  usual  way,  by  biting  oS  small  lumpa 
of  soil,  putting  them  down  and  ramming  them  in  with  her 
head,  but  making  very  little  use  of  the  method  of  scratching 
loose  earth  backwards.  When  she  had  all  but  finished  I 
caught  her  (and  send  her  to  you  for  naming),  finishing  off  the 
burrow  myself  lest  hei  progeny  should  suffer  I  (But  I  did  not 
bite  off  small  lumps  of  soil  and  ram  them  down  with  my 
head.) 

"  Thei«  are  one  or  two  points  worth  remarking : — 

"  1.  Repeated  efforts  to  get  a  laige  larva  into  a  chamber 
too  small  for  it.  This  seems  to  imply  that  the  wasp  digs  a 
chamber  of  orthodox  size,  and  finds  larvae  ajlerwardt.  Doea 
she  use  larvae  of  varying  size,  or  was  she  inexperienced  ? 

"  2.  The  larva  must  be  dr^ged  down  by  the  anterior 
extremity.    One  sees  no  reason  why  this  is  necessary. 

"  3.  On  the  whole  the  wasp  works  quietly.  The  pro- 
longed, high-pitohed,  penetrating,  buzz  which  S.  marffinatm 
makes  the  whole  time  she  is  burrowing,  so  that  one  often 
hears  her  at  work  long  before  one  sees  her,  is  replaced  in  this 
species  by  a  short  buzz  when  the  armful  of  earth  is  put  down. 
Also,  when  she  had  to  push  her  way  out  past  the  larva  in  the 
too  small  burrow  she  gave  a  buzz  which  one  could  easily 
imagine  to  express  vexation  I  " 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


(  »1'  ) 

Mr.  E.  E.  Gbebm  observed  that  in  Cejlon  a  large  Reduviid 
bug  feeds  on  a  etiU  Urgei  milliped. 

Mr.  Talbot  observed  that  in  his  garden  he  had  noticed 
that  flf-catcbeis  paid  no  attention  whatever  to  butterflies. 

Dr.  Chafhan  also  conunented. 

Letier  from  a  FdXow  irOemed  in  Q&rmany. 
The  Secretary  read  the  following  interesting  letter  from 
Mr.  E.  M.  Dadd,  F.E.8.  :— 

"Dear  Sik, 

"  The  writer,  as  you  are  no  doubt  aware,  has  been  a 
Fellow  of  the  Society  for  many  years  past.  As  a  resident 
in  Germany  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war  he  shared  the  lot  of 
his  fellow  countrymen,  and  has  now  been  interned  at  Ruhleben 
since  Nov.  6,  19U. 

"  In  the  meantime  those  amongst  us  interested  in  Natural 
Science  have  formed  a  Natural  History  Society,  and  weekly 
meetings  are  held,  papers  read,  and  furthermore  a  regular 
course  of  Lectures  in  Natural  History,  Biology  and  Botany 
satablished  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Lechmeie.  The  writer, 
as  the  sole  representative  of  Entomology,  has  also  given  several 
lectures  on  various  entomological  subjects.  In  the  meantime 
we  have  established  as  well-organised  a  Biological  Laboratory 
as  could  be  expected  under  the  circumstances,  with  microscopes, 
and  are  extending  the  same  as  far  as  possible.  It  is  proposed 
this  year  to  form  a  small  section  for  the  study  of  entomology, 
and  space  has  been  placed  at  my  disposal  for  research  work. 

"  I  have  been  able  to  get  in  a  certain  amount  of  my  own 
material  and  a  certain  amount  of  literature,  but  this  hardly 
suffices.  Might  I  therefore  appeal  to  the  Society  for  assistance 
in  the  way  of  books  or  magazines  and  more  especially  in 
the  form  of  duplicate  insects  (butterflies  in  papers),  beetles, 
hymenoptera,  etc.  If  desired  the  books  could  be  returned 
later  on. 

*  •  «  •  a       ■ 

"  Trusting  to  meet  with  a  favourable  response,  and  with 
land  regards  and  best  wishes  to  all  friends, 

"  I  remain  yours  very  sincerely, 

"Edward  M.  Dadd." 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


i 


(  ^Ti  ) 

Paper. 

The  following  paper  was  read  : — 

"  On  a  collection  of  Lepidoptom  made  in  Eaat  Africa  by 
Mr.  W.  A.  Lambom,  F.E.S.,"  by  H.  Elthingham,  M.A., 
D.Sc.,  F.E.S. 


Wednesday,  October  3rd,  1017. 

Dr.  T.  A.  Chapmak,  M.D.,  F.Z.8.,  Vice-Preaident,  in  the 
Chair. 

EUclion  of  a  Feliow. 

Dr.  Gborob  Granville  Buckley,  M.D,,  F.S.A.,  Holly 
Bank,  Manchester  Boad,  Bury,  Lanes.,  was  elected  a  Fellow 
of  the  Society. 

Dealh  of  an  Bonorary  FeUoK. 

The  death  of  Dr.  Emil  Frey-Gessner  was  annoonced, 
and  a  vote  of  condolence  with  his  daughter  was  passed. 

ExhQnti&ns. 

COLEOFTERA  ON  CNUSDAL  FoOD-pLANTS,  ETC. — Ml.  DoNIS- 

TBOBFB  exhibited  the  following  Coleoptera  : — 

1.  Miants  camparmtae,  L.,  taken  on  the  Downs  at  Findon 
(Sussex),  June  11,  1917.  It  occurred  in  some  numbers,  but 
only  in  a  email  species  of  buttercup,  of  which  a  specimen  was 
exhibited.  It  has  only  been  recorded  heretofore  in  flowers 
of  Campanula  and  PkyUuma.  A  small  black  Chrysomelid 
larva,  about  the  size  of  the  Miama,  also  occurred  in  the 
buttercups,  and  they  were  superficially  very  like  each  other. 

2.  Lycoperdina  succincta,  L.,  taken  at  Barton  Mills  (Sufiolk), 
Sept.  9,  1917,  in  fungus.  This  species  was  first  discovered 
te  be  British  in  October  last  year  by  Dr.  Nicholson,  who 
took  a  series  in  ripe  Lycoperdon  gemmatum.  Mr.  Donisthorpe 
was  evidently  a  little  early  for  the  beetle,  as  his  specimen 
was  slightly  inunature,  and  he  did  not  find  any  more,  but  ha 
took  about  a  dozen  larvae  in  a  fresh  Lycoperdon  genunatvnt, 
which  he  is  trying  to  breed. 

3.  Casaida   faataota,    Schall.    Taken    at    Goring    Woodi 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


LABVAE  or  SAWFIAtS, 

1.  Cimbtx  luUa,  L.    Coiled  imdeT  a  Sallow-leaf. 

2.  Abiafateiala,  Leach.    Coiled  under  a  Snowbeny-leaf. 

3.  Trichioeampus  viminalia.  Fall. 

(1  and  2  were  phol^^aphed  from  living  specimens  on  their  actual 
food-ptanta.  3  is  from  the  inflated  skin  of  a  larva  found  on  Poplar 
in  the  grounds  of  the  Natural  Histary  Museum,  S.W.) 


PLATE  C. 
LABVAi  or  SAWnjES. 

1.  Eriotampa  ooata,  L.     On  Alder,  covered  with  a  mealy  white 

secretion. 

2.  Pteronidta  talieis,  L.     On  loDg-leaved  Willow.    (The  colour  ol 

the  body  is  blue-green  in  the  middle,  pale  salman  colouc  at 
each  end.) 

3.  Nemalua  {Croesut]  seplenlriorialie,  L.    On  Birch.    The  insect 

is  rising  into  its  "threatening  attitude,"  and  has  eiserted 
its  ventral  "scent-glands." 

4.  LygaetMtmalJu  crauieotnU,  F.     On  Poplar,  surrounded  hy  its 

"  stockade  "  of  inspissated  secretion  formed  into  Uttle  white 

6.  One  of  the  pillars  ( x  10  diameters). 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Proc.  Enl.  Soc.  Land.,    1917. 


Half-  Torn  Eng.   Cb.  Lid. 
Larv^  of  Sawfues.        '■"■- Ji^v^"t)glC 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


(    zlvii    ) 

(Sussex),  July  28,  1917,  on  Inula  dysenterica  (Fleabane). 
This  U  its  first  record  on  Fleabane,  and  all  the  specimens 
were  of  a  bright  yellow  and  black  colour  when  alive,  and  not, 
as  is  usual,  red  and  black.  Though  freshly  emei^d  they  were 
quite  mature,  and  moreover  were  kept  aUve  for  a  long  time 
without  changing  colour  in  any  way.  A  specimen  from  Box 
Hill  of  the  typical  form,  taken  on  Inula  aonyza  (Ploughman's 
Spikenard),  May  7,  1909,  was  also  exhibited  for  comparison. 
It  was  previously  only  recorded  from  Senecio  jaeobae 
(Ragwort). 

Fhotooraphs  of  Sawfly  Labvab. — The  Rev,  P.  D. 
MoRicB  exhibited  with  the  Epidiascope  a  set  of  photographs 
(mostly  taken  from  living  specimens  feeding  or  resting  on 
their  usual  food-plants)  of  the  following  Sawfly  larvae  : — 

Cimbex  luiea,  L.,  coiled  up  on  Sallow,  Abia  fasdata,  L.,  do. 
on  Snowberry,  Phymatocera  aterrima,  Kl.,  on  Salomon's  Seal, 
Rhadinoceraea  micane,  Kl.,  on  Iris,  Empria  [Poeoilosoma) 
htteola,  Kl.,  on  Yellow  Loosestrife,  Briocampa  ovala,  L.,  on 
Alder,  Nematiu  {Croesus)  seplentrianalis,  L.,  in  "threatening 
attitude  "  on  Birch,  Pieronidea  {Nematus)  solids,  L.,  on  Birch, 
Trichiocampus  viminalis.  Fall.,  on  Poplar.  Also  of  a  cast 
skin,  showing  the  Y-shaped  spines,  of  a  Periclista  larva — 
probably  mdatwcephala,  F. ;  and  of  the  sort  of  "  palisade  " 
— a  ring  of  little  columns  formed  by  the  rapid  drying  of  some 
bubbly,  froth-Uke  secretion  from  the  mouth — with  which  the 
young  larva  of  Lygaeonematus  compressicomis,  F.,  surrounds  it- 
self while  feeding  on  a  leaf  of  black  Poplar.   (Plates  B  and  C.) 

The  Chairman  observed  that  Sawfly  larvae  in  moulting 
attach  themselves  by  the  tail  to  a  gummy  substance  pre- 
viously deposited  by  them,  because  they  have  no  hooks  on 
the  terminal  pad  of  the  prolegs  such  as  occur  in  the  Lepido- 
pteia;  the  true  legs,  which  in  the  latter  are  generally  used 
rather  as  hands  than  as  feet,  are  in  the  Sawflies  provided  with 
claws  sharp  enough  to  penetrate  the  leaf. 

Paper. 
The  following  paper  was  read : — 

"  Further  notes  on  Recapitulatory  Attitudes  in  Lepido- 
ptera,"  by  T.  A.  Chapman,  M.D.,  F.Z.S. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


(    zlTili    ) 

Wednesday,  October  17th,  1917. 
Dr.  C.  J.  Gaean,  M.A.,  D.Sc.,  Preaident,  in  tlie  Chaii. 

Election  of  FeUowa. 
Mr.  JoEM  Williams  Hockin,  Castle  Street,  Launceaton, 
Cornwall;  Col.  Tusenne  Jebmyn,  HighcliSe,  Weston-super- 
Mare;  Mr.  Abthur  Wallace  PicKARD-CAMBRiDaE,  M,A-, 
Balllol  College,  Ozfoid;  and  the  Bev.  Prebendary  A.  P. 
WiCKHAM,  Kast  Brent  Vicarage,  Uighbhdge,  Somerset,  were 
elected  Fellows  of  the  Society. 

Exkibiiions. 

Hyfer-fabasites  on  Ap&nteles  OLOUERATOS.  —  Ml. 
DoNiSTHOBPE  exhibited  a.  number  of  small  yellov  cocoons 
vhich  were  taken  on  a  fence  at  Putney  on  Sept.  15tli 
last,  and  which  had  emerged  from  the  body  of  a  White 
Butterfly  larva.  These  cocoons,  belonging  to  a  para^te  on 
the  larva  of  this  butterfly,  are  of  course  common  everywhere 
just  now  where  the  butterfly  has  occurred.  He  stated  that 
he  had  found  the  cocoons  just  after  they  had  emerged  from 
the  hirva  to  which  they  were  attached,  the  latter  being  still 
aUve,  and  he  observed  two  (or  three  ^)  small  Hymenopteroaa 
insects  hovering  about  the  cocoons.  One  of  these  was  secnied, 
and  the  larva  and  cocoons  were  taken  home  in  a  glass-topped 
box.  On  October  8th  Hymenopterous  insects  began  to 
emerge  from  the  cocoons  and  were  still  doing  so.  Of  the  30 
specimens  exhibited,  some  of  which  were  alive,  28  belonged 
to  the  insect  captured  on  Sept.  16th,  an  Ichneumon,  and  2 
(a  S  and  $)  to  another  species  of  Hymesoptera,  also  an 
Ichneumon.  It  would  aeem  certain  that  these  two  species  are 
hyper-parasites,  parasitic  on  the  parasite  of  the  butterfly 
larva.  The  questions  arose  if  the  cocoons  had  not  been 
disturbed,  would  they  all  have  produced  the  hyper- parasites  f 
and  is  it  necessary  for  the  latter  to  seek  out  the  cocoons  just 
after  they  have  emerged  from  the  original  host's  body  ? 

A  NEW  Sub-species  or  Morpho  rhetbnor. — ^Mr.  Diceseb 
exhibited  a  probable  new  sub-species  of  Morpho  rhetawr,  and 
gave  the  following  description  ; — 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


(    xlii    ) 

"  This  anb-species,  now  received  foi  the  fiist  time  from 
Colombia,  diSera  from  the  two  other  Bub-species,  cacica  from 
Pera  and  etuebea  from  tlie  Amazons,  in  having  a  complete 
row  of  twelve  white  submarginal  spots  on  each  side  of  the 
upper  surface,  six  on  each  wing,  instead  of  from  three  to  five 
on  each  front  wing  only.  It  has  also  a  very  small  white  spot 
beyond  the  cell  on  the  front  wing,  and  the  small  white 
crescentfl  between  each  nervore  on  the  margins  are  more 
distinct.  On  the  under  side  the  ground  colour  is  lighter, 
maldog  all  the  markings  stand  out  more  distinctly.  Locality 
Bio  GuiTiQoiA,  April  1917." 

An  aberrant  Wasp. — Dr.  CHAFitAN  exhibited  an  aberrant 
specimen  of  a  wasp  {Vespa  germanica),  and  made  the  following 
observations : — 

"  Wasps  raiely  come  into  my  sanctum,  but  on  Oct.  6th 
one  came  and  seemed  very  interested  in  some  preparation  I 
was  working  at,  so  that  I  easily  noticed  that  there  was  some- 
thing unusual  about  some  abdominal  segments.  The  insect 
IB  the  one  exhibited.  The  second  abdominal  segment  (count- 
ing in  the  usual  incorrect  manner)  is  wanting  in  the  middle 
dorsal  line,  and  the  two  sides  nearly  meet  each  other,  tapering 
from  a  nearly  normal  width  laterally  to  almost  a  point  where 
they  are  opposed,  and  where  continuity  is  maintained  by 
membrane ;  the  markings  on  the  two  sides  are  not  symmetrical. 

"  The  first  (basal,  really  2nd  abdominal)  segment  is  pro- 
duced mid-dorsally  at  its  hinder  margin,  so  as  to  form  an 
angular  projection,  largely  compensating  for  the  defect  of 
the  following  segment. 


Sketoh  of  tenfologioal  Bpecimen  of  Yapa  genuauea  1} ,  x  about  4. 

"  I  add  a  rough  outline  of  the  aberrant  portion  of  the 
specimen.  How  did  such  a  defect  come  about }  It  might 
be  the  result  of  an  injury  at  a  late  larval  stage,  but  it  is  TOiy 

FROC.  ENT.  BOO.  LOND.,  II-IV.  1917  D 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


(  1  ) 

unlikely  for  a  wasp  grub,  piot«cted  in  ita  cell  in  the  nest  aa 
it  is,  to  receive  such  an  isjuiy.  It  rather  more  atrocgly 
suggests  a  congenital  defect  in  the  closing  of  the  umbilical 
opening.  It  is  not  easy  to  say  whether  the  want  of  symmetry 
in  the  peccant  segment  supports  this  view  or  the  contrary. 
I  will  hand  the  specimen  to  the  British  Museum." 

A  VERT  HARE  BRITISH  BEETLE. — Mr.  0.  E.  Janson  ex- 
hibited a  fine  example  of  Tapinotw  seUalws,  Fab.,  taken  by 
him  on  June  9th  last  near  Homing,  Norfolk,  and  recorded  in 
the  October  number  of  the  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  Only  two  British 
specimens  were  previously  known,  these  having  been  taken 
in  the  years  1638  and  1846.  He  also  showed  some  other 
Coleopt«ra  of  interest  taken  in  the  same  locaUty. 

A  Bbitish  6?eciubn  of  Notodonta  bicoloku. — Mr.  O.  E. 
Janson  also  exhibited  on  behalf  of  Mr.  L.  H.  Bonaparte- 
Wtse,  who  was  present  as  a  visitor,  a  fine  male  specimen  of 
jVotodonfa  bicoloria,  Schifi.,  taken  by  him  near  Blillamey  on 
June  7th  last,  and  recorded  in  the  "  Irish  Naturalist "  for 
October. 

LiviNQ  Derhestid  Larvae. — Mr.  Green  exhibited  living 
larvae  of  a  Dermestid  beetle,  Tiresias  serra,  found  under  dead 
bark  of  an  oak  tree,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Shrewsbury. 
The  larvae  have  the  abdominal  segments  clothed  with  erect 
rufous  hair.  There  is  also  a  loose  caudal  tuft  of  long  greyish 
hairs,  which  is  vibrated  rapidly  when  the  insect  is  annoyed 
or  disturbed. 

Mr.  Main  and  Mr.  Donistbobfe  conunented,  the  latter 
observing  that  judging  from  his  experience  of  the  larva  in 
observation  ants'  nests,  the  vibration  had  apparently  a 
protective  value. 

Mr.  Green  also  read  the  following  note  on  the  oviposition 
of  the  sawfly  Pteronvs  ttrtifer. 

"  The  method  of  oviposition  of  the  sawfly  Pterotms  serti/er 
has  been  a  subject  of  discussion  at  several  of  our  meetings 
during  the  present  year.  Insects  raised  in  captivity,  by 
Mr.  Morice  and  myself,  have  refused  to  throw  any  light  on 
the  question.  1  have  now  been  successful  in  obtaining  eggs 
from  a  wild  female.  The  parent  was  captured  on  the  1st  of 
this  month,  and  confined  in  a  glass  tube  with  a  sprig  of  pine 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


(    li    ) 

foliage.  The  contents  of  the  tube  were  examined,  each  day, 
for  the  first  week,  without  leeult.  The  insect  remained  alive 
hot,  apparently,  uninterested  in  the  question  of  reproduction. 
The  tube  was  put  aside  and  (it  must  be  confessed)  completely 
foi^otten — ^tuitil  this  morning,  when  the  insect  was  seen  to 
be  dead,  with  its  saws  choked  with  a  mass  of  what  appears 
to  be  fragments  of  plant  fibre  and  cell  tissue.  An  examina- 
tion of  the  pine  foliage  showed  some  semitranslucent  paler 
areas  along  the  edges  of  the  needles.  A  rough  dissection 
proved  that  these  pale  areas  each  contained  a  single  creamy- 
white  egg.  At  the  tip  of  one  needle,  an  egg  was  partly  ex- 
posed ;  but  in  every  other  case  the  eggs  are  completely  concealed 
and  their  presence  indicated  solely  by  the  translucent  areas. 
There  is  no  noticeable  disturbance  of  the  tissues,  nor  is  there 
any  extraneous  deposit  of  fibrous  or  seoretionary  matter — 
such  as  has  been  observed  above  the  embedded  e^s  of  P. 
pini.  The  egg  capsule  is  very  thin  and  fragile,  and  is  easily 
ruptured.  It  should  be  noted  that  the  above  remarks  are 
the  result  of  a  very  hurried  and  superficial  examination, 
undertaken  just  before  coming  up  to  attend  this  meeting." 


Wednesday,  November  7th,  1917. 

Dr.  C.  J.  Gahan,  M.A.,  D.Sc.,  President,  and  afterwards 
Dr.  G.  B.  LoNGSTAJP,  M.A.,  M.D.,  Vice-President,  in  the 
Chair. 

Election  of  Fellows. 

Prof.  T,  D.  A.  CocKEEELL,  of  the  University  of  Colorado, 
U.S.A.,  Miss  D.  J.  Jackson,  Swordale,  Evanton,  Koss-shire, 
and  Mr.  Jr98E  Johnson,  16  and  17  Marston  Road,  Ste&ord, 
were  elected  Fellows  of  the  Society. 

Exhibitions. 

Nuptial  Flioht  of  Butterflies. — Dr.  F.  A.  Dixey 
exhibited  several  pairs  of  Pierines  captured  by  Dr.  G.  D.  H. 
Carpenter,  at  Itigi,  150  miles  east  of  Tabora  in  what  was 
German  East  Africa.     In  commenting  on  them,  he  said — 

"  Professor  Poulton  has  put  into  my  hands  the  following 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


(   B   ) 

eztracta  from  two  letter^  writteo  by  Dr.  Carpenter  and  dated 
respectively  on  August  22  and  31  of  the  present  year. 

" '  Talking  about  pairs  in  ccjt.,  1  have  just  been  re-reading 
the  "  Descent  of  Han,"  and  when  Darwin  talks  about  the  $ 
Pieria  and  Epinephele  supporting  the  <S,  it  struck  me  that  my 
impression  was,  out  here,  that  facts  would  not  conform  to 
this.  I  fancied  that  I  had  never  seen  the  9  supporting  the  ^ 
in  Pierines.  So  1  have  started  collecting  pairs  in  cop.  and 
noting  which  sex  carries  the  other.  Between  Aug.  18  and 
to-day  inclusive  I  have  got  pairs  of  two  species  of  Belenoia 
(one  each),  three  of  a  Teracolus,  and  four  of  Pinacopteryx 
timana,  i^  i^  all  supporting  $  $.  I  shall  continue  to  do  this, 
and  wish  I  had  done  ao  before  (one's  entomological  sins  are 
OHUally  of  omission  I).  Seeing  how,  broadly  speaking,  3  and 
$  Belenoia  are  on  a  par  with  our  home  Pieris,  the  $  ought  to 
cany  the  £.  Also  F.  simajta,  in  one  sense,  seeing  that  the 
$  is  more  blotched  with  black,  though  the  3  has  black  veins 
better  developed.  I  am  more  of  the  teebng  that  the  3  Pieris 
should  be  looked  on  as  the  "  brighter  "  owing  to  absence  of 
black.  What  is  known  about  say  the  8.  American  mimetic 
species,  with  black  and  white  3  ^—i.  e.  which  sex  carries  which  t 
I  remember  glancing  at  some  notes  by  Dr.  Diiey  on  this 
point,  but  as  1  had  not  devoted  any  attention  to  the  subject 
I  did  not  read  them  carefully.' 

" '  I  wrote  recently  that  I  was  getting  interested  in  the 
question  of,  when  butterflies  unite  in  cop.,  which  sex  supports 
which.  What  made  me  pay  attention  to  it  was  the  "  Descent 
of  Man,"  where  Darwin  deals  with  sexual  selection  among 
insects,  and  telks  of  the  diSerent  colours  of  sexes  in  butter- 
flies (chap.  xi.  p.  319,  in  revised  second  edition  of  1899).  He 
says  that  in  England,  with  Colias  edusa,  Pieris,  and  Epinephele 
jurtina  "  it  m  ifte  ?  $  thai  support  the  3  3,  «o  thcU  the  part 
wkicA  the  two  sexes  play  is  reversed,  as  is  their  rdalive  beauty," 
and,  later,  "  the  $  $  take  the  more  active  part  in  the  final 
marriage  ceremony,  so  that  we  may  suppose  that  they  like- 
wise do  so  in  the  wooing."  Well,  since  1  last  wrote  I  have 
got  quite  a  number  of  pairs  of  Pierines  t'n  cop. :  namely, 
Belenoit  (two  species)  7,  TeraocAtu  i,  and  Pinacopteryx  simana 
14,  in  every  case  3  supporting  ?.    With  Teracolus,  the  3 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


(    liii    ) 

being  "  brighter,"  this  is  as  it  efaould  be  according  to  Darwin. 
In  P.  simana  the  $  is  of  a  duller  white,  and  there  is  a  smatl 
extra  patch  of  dark  tint  on  the  f-w.,  in  which  also  the  black 
veins  are  leas  conspicuous  than  in  the  S.  I  have  found  in 
one  case  the  $  supporting  the  ij.  With  Bdetwis,  however, 
there  is  a  very  marked  difiereoce  between  <J  and  ?,  though 
it  is  a  question  whether  the  ^  is  "  brighter  "  than  the  <?. 
However,  the  relative  difference  is  of  the  same  type  as  in 
the  English  whites.  Now  I  see  by  notes  of  Dr.  Dizey  in 
Proc.  Ent.  Soc.,  March  17,  1916,  p.  36,  that  he  got  3  English 
Pieris,  ^  all  supporting  $,  although  as  regards  Satyxinee  his 
6  observations  all  agree  with  what  Darwin  says.  This  seems 
cniious.  Was  Darwin  misinjortned  9  I  suggest  that  it  would 
be  a  good  thing  to  bring  this  point  before  the  Ent.  Soc.  next 
spring,  asking  Fellows  to  send  Pierines  caught  in  cop.  to  the 
Hope  Dept.,  clearly  marking  which  sex  supports  which.  For 
here  is  an  opportunity  for  those  who  cannot  get  abroad,  to 
work  at  a  point  of  interest  to  Darwinists.  We  should  in  this 
way  be  able  to  get  ample  evidence.  Of  course  notes  on  all 
species  (but  particularly  Satyrines  and  Pierines)  would  be 
valuable. 

"  '  I  may  say  that  from  what  I  have  seen  of  the  courtship 
of  Betenoia,  the  $  is  not  the  most  active  partner.  After  a  good 
deal  of  fluttering  about  one  sees  a  ?  settle  on  the  ground 
vith  wings  half  or  almost  fully  expanded,  and  the  <?  stands 
behind  or  a  little  above  in  a  state  of  frantic  excitement,  and 
vigorously  scrapes  or  paws  the  upper  surface  of  the  wings  of 
the  ?  with  his  lore-limbs  ( !  first  or  second  pair,  I  am  not  sure 
of  this).  I  witnessed  yesterday  the  actual  union  of  a  pair  of 
P.  simana.  The  $  settled  on  the  ground  between  some  grass 
blades  quite  quietly,  with  wings  closed;  the  3  stood  on  a 
grass  stem  with  wings  widely  expanded  over  the  $,  so  that  I 
could  not  see  her.  The  union  was  effected  very  quickly,  and 
the  S  flew  off  carrying  the  passive  $.  Unfortunately,  owing 
to  a  gusty  wind,  I  failed  to  catch  this  couple.' 

"  By  the  kindness  of  Prof.  Foulton  I  am  able  to  exhibit 
the  actual  specimens  sent  home  by  Dr.  Carpenter;  the  species 
are  as  follows:  Teraeolm  casta,  CSerst.,  3  pairs;  Herpamia 
eriphia,  Godt.,  1  pair;  Pinacopteryx  simana,  Hopff.,  6  pairs; 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


(     liT      ) 

Beknois  gidUsa,  Godt.,  1  pair;  BdenoU  mesentitM,  Cram.,  1 
pair.     In  each  of  these  eleven  pairs  the  S  was  canyuig  the  ?. 

"  Dr.  Carpenter  refers  to  a  note  of  mine  which  appealed 
in  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Loud.,  March  17,  1915,  pp.  xlvii,  xlviii. 
I  there  recorded  six  observatioDS  on  the  nuptial  flight  of 
IHerines,  including  our  three  common  British  species,  and  in 
South  Africa  a  Bderwis  and  a  PittacopUryx.  Id  every  one  of 
these  cases,  as  in  Dr.  Carpenter's,  the  male  was  eupportitig  the 
female.  I  have  never  seen  a  Colias  under  these  circumstances, 
but  the  combined  testimony  as  to  the  genera  named  seems 
to  be  pretty  complete.  It  will  be  remembered  that  in  an 
earlier  volume  (Proc.  Ent,  Soc.  Lond.,  Nov.  4,  1914,  p.  xcviii), 
Hr.  Wheeler  had  not«d  that,  according  to  his  experience,  in 
Lycaeuids  the  male  always  carried  the  female,  but  that  in 
Nymphalines,  Satyrines  and  the  common  Pierids  the  female 
carried  the  male.  With  regard  to  Lycaeuids  and  Satyrines 
my  own  observations,  as  given  in  the  place  above  cited,  are 
in  full  accord  with  Mr,  Wheeler's,  but  it  will  be  remarked 
that  in  the  case  of  the  Pierines  Dr.  Carpenter's  observations 
and  mine  agree  with  one  another,  but  not  with  Mr,  Wheeler's. 
This,  I  think,  gives  ground  for  Dr.  Carpenter's  suggestion 
about  asking  entomologists  to  make  special  observations  on 
this  point,  sending  their  notes  and  specimens  to  the  Hope 
Department. 

"  It  would  seem  that  both  among  Pierines  and  Nymphalines 
occasional  exceptions  may  occur  to  what  appears  to  be  the 
general  rule,  for  while  in  the  only  instance  that  I  have  noted 
of  the  latter  subfamily,  Argynnis  cydippe  {adippe),  L.,  the  male 
was  carrying  the  female,  the  detailed  testimony  of  Hr.  Wheeler 
is  entirely  in  the  opposite  direction.  Dr.  Carpenter  also 
seems  to  have  observed  one  instance  of  the  female  Pino- 
copleryx  siiiiana  carrying  the  male — the  only  one  where  thia 
was  the  case  out  of  many  instances  of  the  nuptial  flight  of 
this  species  and  other  Pierines  observed  by  him. 

[In  the  first  three  days  of  July  this  year,  I  observed  at 
Lyndhurst  eight  pairs  of  Dryas  paphia  in  flight.  In  «x 
instances  the  3  carried  the  $,  in  two  the  $  carried  the  o. 
Details  are  given  in  the  "  Entomologists'  Record,"  vol.  xxix, 
p,  166.— G.  Whkklkh.] 


u,y,l,7rJM,G00glc 


{    It    ) 

"  Dr.  Carpenter's  series  is  Id  other  lespects  interesting. 
It  is  to  be  observed  that  all  the  specimens  are  of  the  '  dry ' 
phase,  Boine  veiy  diy.  The  Terias  bngitta  are  leas  dry  than 
the  other  species. 

"  The  pairs  that  I  have  list«d  as  Teracolus  casta  may  repre- 
sent a  new  subspecies.  On  the  upper  side  they  strongly 
resemble  T.  xafxtholeuca,  described  by  Miss  E.  M.  Sharpe 
from  Kavirondo;  but  the  under  side  is  difierent.  The  dis- 
tinction, however,  may  be  seasonal ;  the  types  of  zantholeuca 
weie  taken  in  January,  and  Dr.  Carpenter's  specimens  in 
June  and  Augost." 

Mr.  Kate,  Prof.  Pouxton  and  Mr.  Bethune-Bakxr  com- 
mented on  Dr.  Dizey's  exhibit. 

Bred  Lycaena  ARioN.^ilapt.  E.  B.  Purefoy  exhibited  a 
short  series  of  L.  arion  which  had  been  bred  up  from  the  egg. 
After  the  3rd  moult  they  had  been  carried  into  the  nests  of 
Myrmica  laevinodis. 

Dr.  Chapman  congratulated  Capt.  Purefoy  on  his  success 
in  breeding  L.  arion,  and  said  that  he  had  larvae  of  L.  aloon, 
sent  by  M.  OberthUr,  feeding  in  his  ants'  nests. 

Mr.  DoNiSTHORPE  corroborated  an  observation  of  Dr. 
Chapman's,  that  the  ants,  on  being  disturbed,  carried  ofi  the 
larvae  of  Lycaenids,  beetles,  etc.,  before  removing  their  own. 

FABAStTES      AND      HYFERPAIUSITEB      OF      APHIDAB. — Prof. 

FouLTON  exhibited  on  the  screen  enlarged  photographs  taken 
by  Mr.  Alfred  Robinson,  of  the  Oxford  University  Musenm, 
of  the  parasites  and  hyperparasites  bred  from  three  species 
of  Aphidae  in  the  Oxford  district  by  Mr.  H.  Britten  of  the 
Hope  Department.    The  species  were  as  follows  : — 


HO>r(APnD»B) 

puusm  (ButmnDAB) 

MacTotipham  rota*.  L. 

Aphidi^.  sp. 

(Chai^idikab) 

JfocroniAuni      vrtieae, 
Sohr.           ■ 

/ffpWrw,  sp. 

i  Ataphtt,  ip." 

•^ttsxt- "'"■'■ 

" 

1 

3.  {Ctkipidab) 

u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


(  1"  ) 

Tbe  pAiasites  and  hjperparaaitee  emerged  from  tfae  BwoDen 
body  of  both  species  of  Maoroei^kum,  wheieoB  in  Drepano- 
aipkum  the  Braconid  larva  emerged  and  constructed  beneath 
its  host  a  beautiful  disc-  or  button-shaped  cocoon  from  which 
also  the  hypeipaiasitea,  when  present,  emerged.  Into  the 
roof  of  this  cocoon  the  ventral  euiface  of  the  host  was  woven. 

ThB  ChaLCID  FARAfilTE  OP  VaNBSSA  UBTICAS,  L.,  WAITING 
BESIDE  THE  LABVA  FBSFABI»a  FOB  FUFATION.      GOLDSN  PDFAK 

NOT  CAUSED  BY  PARAsmsH. — Prof.  PoDLTOM  exhibited  22 
males  and  11  female  Pteromalut,  sp.,  together  with  the  Vanessid 
pupal  shell  from  which  they  had  emei^d.  The  female  parent 
had  been  seen,  on  Aug.  17  last,  at  St.  Helens,  Isle  of  Wi^t, 
patiently  waiting  beside  the  butterfly  larva,  which  was  rest- 
ing motionless  on  a  grey  stone  wall  before  it  had  suspended 
itself,  and  therefore  many  hours  before  pupation.  On  Aug.  20 
the  pupa  was  removed,  and  on  Sept.  22  all  the  exhibited 
specimens  of  Pteromalua  had  emei^ed  and  were  found  alive 
and  active.  The  life -cycle  thus  contrasted  sharply  with 
examples  (6  males,  48  females)  of  Pleromalits  puparum,  L., 
much  larger  in  average  size,  bred  from  Pyranuu  atalanla,  L., 
in  ]90(M)].  In  this  case  the  female  Chalcid  bad  been  found 
seated  on  the  fresh  moist  pupa,  Sept.  7,  1900,  at  Calverley 
station,  near  Bradford,  Torkshire.  Ova  were  laid  on  this  or 
the  following  day,  and  the  offspring  emerged  at  Oxford  on 
May  22,  1901. 

The  pupal  shell  of  the  V.  urlicae  was  grey,  as  could  still 
be  seen,  and  harmonized  well  with  the  stone  wall,  showing 
that  the  power  of  colour  adjustment  was  not  removed,  as 
some  have  supposed,  by  the  presence  of  parasites.  The 
normal  efiect  of  the  green  leaves  of  the  nettle  was  to  produce 
golden  pupae — the  nearest  approach  to  green  of  which  this 
species  was  capable.  Such  golden  pupae  were  sometimes 
parasitised,  but  so  were  the  dark  pupae,  as  exemplified  by 
the  exhibited  specimen.  In  former  years  Prof.  Poulton  had, 
by  the  use  of  the  appropriate  backgrounds,  bred  hundreds  of 
healthy  golden  pupae  which  produced  normal  butterflies. 
The  opaque  cuticle  of  a  parasitised  dark  pupa  showed  no 
change,  but  the  transparent. cuticle  of  a  parasitised  golden 
one  took  on  a  peculiar  brassy  appearance,  probably,  due  to 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


(  l™  ) 

changes  in  the  stratified  thin  films  of  liquid,  which,  by  inter- 
feience  of  light,  produced  the  metallic  appearance.  Prof. 
Poulton  believed  that  a  Bimilar  effect  was  to  be  seen  shortly 
before  normal  emergeDce,  but,  as  it  lasted  for  a  veiy  short 
time,  it  was  noticed  rarely  as  compared  with  the  far  more 
enduring  effect  of  parasitism.  It  was  to  be  observed,  finally, 
that  the  Chalcid  parasite  laid  its  eggs  in  the  pupa  immediately 
after  the  larval  skin  had  been  thrown  off  and  before  harden- 
ing, and  that  the  pupal  colours  had  been  determined  mnch 
earlier,  during  the  second  and  third  of  the  prepupational 
stages  of  the  larva,  viz.  "  for  about  20  hours  preceding  the  last 
12  hours  "  before  the  skin  is  thrown  off  and  the  pupa  revealed 
(Phil.  Trans.  Roy.  Soc,  vol.  178  (1887),  B,  pp.  319-98,  438-9). 

A  STNAPOSBMATIC  SERIES  OF  272  LtCID  BEETLES  OP  9 
SPECIES  TAKEN  ON  ONE  PLANT  IN  ONE  DAY  BY  G.  D.  H.  CaR- 
FBNTEB,    IN    LATE    GERMAN    EaST    AfRICA. — Prof.    POOLTOH 

exhibited  the  series  referred  to  in  the  following  extract  from 
Captain  Carpenter's  letter  of  March  24,  1917,  from  Itigi  (in 
34°,  30'  E.,  5°  46'  S.,  on  the  Central  Railway,  about  150  miles 
£.  of  Tabora),  where  the  beetles  were  captured.  The  food- 
plant,  of  which  a  piece  was  exhibited,  had  been  kindly  deter- 
mined by  Dr.  O.  Stapf,  F.R.S.,  as  the  Asclepiad  PenlarrhitMrn 
insipidum,  E.  Meyer,  common  and  widely  distributed  in 
tropical  and  South  Africa.  Prof.  Poulton  had  added  [to 
Captain  Carpenter's  table]  the  names  of  the  species  and  the 
numbers  by  which  each  was  represented  in  the  collection. 

"  I  am  now  sending  you  a  small  box  of  about  270  Lycidae. 
On  23.  ill.  17 1  came  on  a  flowering  creeper  which  had  a  number 
on  it,  and  started  picking  off  a  few  of  the  different  species. 
While  doing  so  it  suddenly  struck  me  how  much  you  would 
like  a  Urge  number,  for  the  proportion  of  species.  So  I  set 
to  work  to  collect  them  all  into  two  empty  tins  which  soon 
got  full.  I  couldn't  absolutely  clear  the  bush  because  more 
beetles  kept  arriving  on  the  wing,  but,  practically  speaking, 
I  got  99  %.  It  was  quite  interesting  laying  them  out  after 
the  slaughter  and  trying  to  make  out  how  many  species  there 
were,  with  the  aid  of  17  pairs  found  in  copuM.  I  made  out 
9  species,  at  least,  of  two  or  probably  three  genera,  and  the 
nnmbers  are  as  follows  : — 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


(    Iviii    ) 

Species  1.  [58  (J  :B2  5192  plus  6  pairs  in  eop.—{Lyeui 
(Meroiycus)  JemoralU,  Boui^.] 

Species  2.  [51  <}  :  26  $]  79  plus  G  paiis. — [Lycus  davimeri, 
Bourg.] 

Species  3.  [4  J  :  I  S]  3,  no  faiie.—[LycM  ampliatUB,  F.] 

Species  4.  [20  ,J  :  1  S]  13  plus  1  pair  and  an  extra  ^ 
associated  together  with  it. — [Ljfcua  trabealus,  Gu£r.] 

Species  5.  [5  (J  ;  3  ?]  3  plus  1  pair. — {Lycus  sp.  near  tra- 
beatw,  Gu^r.] 

Species  6.  [2  (J  ;  1  ?]  2,  no  pairs. — [Lyoug  (Meroiycus)  rot- 
Irattta,  L.] 

Species  7.  [3  d  ;  3  2]  5  plus  I  pair. — [Lyeus  (Meroiycus) 
podagricus,  Bourg.] 

Species  8.  [!3  5  :  5  ?]  15  plus  1  pair. — [Lycus  marahaUi, 
Bourg.] 

Species  9.  [20  J  :  4  ?]  20  plus  1  pair.— [lyous  (Lophdyau) 
amoenus,  Bourg.] 

Totals  [176  (J  :  96  S]  232  plus  17  pairs  plus  1  superfluous  (!) 
male. 

"  1  am  not  at  all  sure  that  Species  2  does  not  include  2 
species,  but  apart  from  size  I  could  make  out  no  essential 
difference.  Quite  a  pretty  little  exhibit  for  the  Entomological 
Society.  But,  alas,  search  as  I  would  I  could  find  no  Lycoid 
mimics :  there  were  only  a  number  of  '  Blue-bottles '  and  a 
large  Pompilid  which  rather  frightened  me,  as  she  seemed  to 
resent  my  presence,  and  1  was  much  afraid  of  her!  There 
was  one  wretched  little  brown  Syntomid  moth  which  (how- 
ever '  enthusiastic ')  one  couldn't  pret«nd  was  Lycoid !  How 
different  from  Bugalla  with  ttfi  lovely  Lycoid  Fossors  and 
Longicorn  !  I  send  a  bit  of  the  creeper,  which  you  may  like 
to  identify." 

The  number  of  specimens  was  rather  larger  than  that  given 
by  the  captor — 272  to  267.  In  the  determination  of  these 
difficult  species  kind  help  had  been  received  from  the  Presi- 
dent and  also  from  Mi,  H.  Britten,  who  had  prepared  the 
male  genitalia  of  many  specimens.  The  discrepancy  between 
Captain  Carpenter's  numbers  and  those  in  square  brackets 
under  each  of  the  nine  species  was  in  part  due  to  difference 
between  the  totals  and  in  part  to  the  fact  that  a  more  exact 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lc 


(  lil  ) 

compariBon  could  be  made  when  the  material  was  carefully 
mounted.  Specimena  in  the  Hope  Department  identical  with 
No.  1  had  been  named  by  Bourgeois  L.  (M.)  scapularis,  Murray, 
bat  they  were  certainly  dlfFeient  from  the  unique  female  type 
of  this  species  in  the  British  Museum,  and  the  President  con- 
sidered them  to  be  Bourgeois'  jenwralis.  No.  6  was  similarly 
identical  with  specimens  named  by  Bourgeois  L.  (Af.)  dentines, 
Dal.,  var.  flavoscaptdaris,  Bourg.,  but  the  President  conaidered 
that  denlipes  waa  a  synonym  of  rostratus,  L.  Species  4  and  5 
were  closely  similar,  b'ut  the  male  genitalia  of  No.  4  resembled 
those  of  specimens  in  the  British  Museum  from  Abyssinia,  the 
locality  from  which  Gu£rin  described  trabeatus,  and  the 
President  had  therefore  con^dered  No.  4  to  be  true  trabecUus. 

The  whole  assemblage  presented  an  extraordinarily  uniform 
appearance,  the  only  marked  diSerence,  on  superficial  examina- 
tion, being  in  the  degree  to  which  sexual  dimorphism  was 
carried.  In  species  No,  1  the  elytra  of  the  males  were  unex- 
panded  and  female-like,  while  there  was  not  much  difierence 
in  this  respect  between  the  sexes  of  Nos.  7  and  9.  In  Nos.  4 
and  6  the  males  were  dimorphic,  the  elytra  of  some  being 
female-like  and  of  others  highly  expanded  and  of  a  peculiar 
shape,  similar  in  both  forms.  In  all  the  other  species  the 
males  possessed  the  usual  broad  elytra,  of  a  very  uniform 
shape,  but  differing  widely  from  those  of  the  females.  The 
relative  numbers  of  the  sexes  varied  in  the  different  species 
in  an  extremely  ioteresting  way. 

Judging  from  this  experience  L.  (M.)  Jemoralis  and  L.  duvi- 
vieri  were  the  two  dominant  species  in  the  locality  at  the 
time  when  the  series  was  collected. 

Method  adopted  by  the  African  Pohfilid  Batozonus 
fuligim0su8,  kl-uo,  in  bubyino  its  spider  prey. — the 
following  note  written  by  Captain  Carpenter  at  Itigi,  on 
Aug.  22,  1917,  was  read  by  Prof.  Poulton,  who  exhibited  the 
Fossor  referred  to.  The  species  had  been  kindly  determined 
by  Mr.  Rowland  E.  Turner  as  the  var.  sepvlchralis,  Sm.,  of 
the  above-named  very  variable  species. 

"  Here  are  some  notes  on  a  common-looking  blue-black 
Fompihd  with  orange  antennae  found  at  work  on  June  12th, 
which  you  will  find  in  the  box.    She  was  excavating  her 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


(  ll  ) 

burrow  for  the  spider  which  had  been  caught  and  paralysed 
and  \&y  close  by — a  very  procryptic  species  of  cmioiudy 
irregular  shape,  and  dead  grass  colour.  The  Pompilid  bur- 
rowed ae  quickly  ae  any  Fosaor  I  have  seen  (except  Bemba), 
in  the  ueual  way,  but,  unlike  others,  FompHidae  and  SpHegidae, 
absolutely  quietly,  without  any  of  the  excited  buzzing  so 
commonly  heard.  Once  an  ant  approached,  and  the  Pompilid 
walked  towards  it  in  a  threatening  manner,  with  the  tip  of 
the  abdomen  curved  strongly  downwards  and  forwaida. 
When  the  burrow  was  finished  she  dragged  the  spider  down, 
going  down  first,  backwards,  and  then  stood  in  the  bole  and 
pulled  the  loose  earth  down  with  her  anterior  legs.  Then 
she  exhibited  a  method  new  to  me :  other  Pompilids  that  I 
have  seen  ram  down  the  earth  firmly  with  steady  pressure 
exerted  by  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  emitting  the  while  a 
shrill  buzz.  (It  is  noteworthy  that  in  the  use  of  the  abdomen 
they  all  agree;  differing  from  Sphegids,  which  employ  the 
front  of  the  head  as  a  ram.)  This  one,  however,  threw  her 
whole  body  into  such  quick,  shuddering  vibrations  that  her 
outhne  became  blurred,  and  one  heard  a  succession  o£  quick 
raps  on  the  ground  reminding  one  of  a  pneumatic  riveting 
machine  at  work !  The  whole  process  was  extremely  rapid. 
This  Pompilid  therefore  showed  two  points  in  her  metJiod 
which  I  had  not  seen  before :  first,  the  complete  silence  in 
which  she  worked ;  secondly,  the  rapid  hammering  with  the 
tip  of  the  abdomen." 

Spid£r  attacking  the  fierce  Ponekihe  ant  Mboaponbka 
FOBTENs,  F, — Prof.  PouLTON  exhibited  a  spider  and  its  prey 
taken  at  Itigi  by  Captain  Carpenter  on  Aug.  21,  1917.  The 
specimens  were  accompanied  by  the  note :  "  Spider  seen 
coming  out  of  a  nest  of  Megaponera  bearing  one  feebly  strug- 
gling, upside  down  in  its  fangs.  Caught  in  a  box  the  spidei 
settled  down  to  feed  on  the  ant."  The  small  size  of  the 
spider  as  compared  with  ite  victim,  the  redoubtable  Termite- 
raider,  was  remarkable. 

An  East  African  dbaoonfly-uke  Asilid  fly  op  the 
GENUS  LASiocNBHua. — Prof.  PouLTON  exhibited  the  specimen 
referred  to  as  follows  by  Captain  Carpenter  in  a  letter  of 
Aug.  22,  1917:  "On  June  16  [at  Itigi]  I  caught  a  curious 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lc 


(  w  ) 

skDder-bodied  Asilid  of  tmusual  colouring,  which,  Testing  on 
a  grass  stem,  looked  rather  Uke  a  very  small  Agrionine." 
The  lesembUnce,  which  waa  sufficiently  strong  in  the  set 
specimen,  waa  probably  closer  in  the  attitude  of  rest.  Di. 
G.  A.  E.  Maishall  had  kindly  helped  in  tracking  the  species, 
which  was  evidently  near  L.  bigeru,  Lw. 
Mr.  C.  0.  Farquhaeson's  investigations  into  the  ufb- 

HlSTORtES    OF    S.     NlGERIAN     LyCAENIDAE. — Prof.     POULTON 

said  that  for  some  years  Mr.  Farquharson  bad  corresponded 
with  him  on  the  above  subject,  and  he  hoped,  as  soon  as  a 
few  points  had  been  cleared  up,  to  bring  forward  a  detailed 
account  of  the  discoveries.  In  the  meantime  the  results 
were  so  interesting  and  important  that  it  was  desirable  to 
m&ke  a  brief  announcement  of  Mr.  Farquharson 'a  main 
conclusions. 

(1)  The  Liptenine  Ltfcaenidae  of  the  genera  BewiUonia, 
Indoptk,  Terabmeura  and  the  genus  to  which  "  Epitola " 
honoriua,  F.,  belongs,  possess  hairy  Lymantriid-bke  larvae 
which  feed  on  the  delicate  filmy  lichen  encrusting  the  bark 
of  certain  forest  trees  infested  by  Cremaslogaster  ante.  The 
larvae  are  not  molested  even  when  walking  in  the  regular 
ant- track. 

(2)  Lachnocnema  larvae  not  only  feed  on  Jassidae,  as  shown 
by  Mr.  W.  A.  Lambom  (Trans.  Ent.  Soc.,  1914,  pp.  470,  471), 
but  also  on  the  secretions  of  immature  ant- tended  Membracids, 
as  well  as  on  insect  food. 

(3)  Two  species  of  Argiolaiu  feed,  as  larvae,  on  the  flowers 
of  a  parasitic  ant-infested  LoratUhus.  The  Rev.  E.  St.  Aubyn 
Rogers  has  also  recently  suggested  that  a  parasitic  creeper, 
probably  a  Loranthus,  is  the  food-plant  of  a  fine  species  of 
Argiolaus  in  late  German  East  Africa.  Pupae  were  on  several 
occasions  found  attached  to  the  plant. 

(4)  Pilodeudorvc  camerona,  Plotz,  P.  diyUu3,  Hew.,  and 
Lycaenesthea  musagetes.  Holt,  (kindly  determined  by  Mr.  Q. 
T.  Bethone-Baker)  feed,  as  larvae,  on  the  ant-infested  Sowers 
of  a  species  of  PUrocarpvs. 

(5)  Quite  recently,  on  Sept.  10  last,  the  pupae  of  Cato- 
chrysops  ■parsiman,  F.,  were  found  in  large  numbers,  together 
with  mature  larvae,  in  the  subterranean  nest  of  Camjxmotw 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


(   W   ) 

maculatus,  F.,  var.  m^nocnemU,  Santschi,  at  Agege,  16 
miles  N.  of  Lagos.  The  ants'  nest  had  been  formed  in  t 
disused  part  of  a  termitarium.  This  discovery  confimied 
Dr.  Guy  A,  K.  MarshaU's  conviction  expressed  in  the  follow- 
ing letter  of  Oct.  28,  1917 :  "  I  fancy  all  the  larger  African 
Catochrysvps  will  prove  to  be  Myrinscophilens.  I  obtained 
eggs  of  C.  patricia.  Trim.,  C.  celaeus,  Ciam.,  C.  imuAwxi, 
Trim.,  and  C,  peculiaris,  Rogen.,  in  Salisbury,  all  of  them 
laid  on  the  buds  of  a  species  of  Basil  [Ocimum) ;  but  I  could 
never  get  the  larvae  beyond  the  first  stage :  they  always 
died  or  disappeared.  liater  Dr.  Brauns  of  Willowmore,  Cape 
Colony,  sent  me  a  specimen  of  C.  ptUrida  bred  in  May,  1899, 
from  a  larva  found  at  BothaviUe,  Orange  River  Colony,  in 
the  nest  of  Camponotus  maadaivs.  One  of  these  ante  and 
an  example  of  the  larva  may  be  seen  beside  the  series  of 
palricia^  the  British  Museum. 

"  I  believe  it  will  be  found  that  the  ants  carry  off  the  first 
stage  larvae  of  the  larger  African  species  of  Catockrysops,  and 
that  they  pass  their  whole  time  in  the  nests." 

An  observation  which  explains  why  the  attacks  of 
besds  on  butterflies  abe  rarely  witnessed.— piof 
PouLTON  read  the  following  extract  from  a  letter  received 
from  Captain  G.  D.  H.  Carpenter,  and  written  Aug.  31,  1917. 
from  Itigi : — 

"  There  is  a  common  black  bird  here  which  I  should  thbk 
must  be  a  kind  of  Shrike.  It  looks  like  a  Drongo,  but  has 
not  the  curled  tail  feathers,  and  instead  of  sitting  conspicuously 
on  a  tree  and  catching  things  in  the  air,  it  skulks  about  (always 
in  pairs)  among  thick  clumps  of  bush.  It  has  a  harsh  ciy, 
which  is  answered  by  the  other  one  of  the  pair. 

"  I  noticed  from  day  to  day  that  a  pair  usually  haunts  the 
same  clump  of  bush,  and  as  they  are  quite  unafraid,  I  spent 
some  time  a  few  days  ago  (on  Aug.  23rd)  watching  to  see  if 
they  would  catch  any  of  the  butterflies  which  were  coming 
to  the  flowers  of  the  bush — Belenois,  Teracolus,  Pinacopteryx, 
and  a  few  Lycaenids.  Both  birds  were  in  the  bush,  and  I 
was  watching  one  when  I  saw  out  of  the  comer  of  my  eye 
that  the  other  had  come  quite  to  the  edge,  and  suddenly  1 
heard  a  fluttering  and  the  quick  snap  of  a  beak,  and,  looking 


l„y,l,Ajl^,COOl^lC 


(    Mi    ) 

in  that  direction,  saw  quite  clearly  sticking  out  from  one 
side  of  the  bird's  beak  a  portion  of  a  Bdeiwis  wing,  violently 
vibrating — to  be  almost  immediately  swallowed  :  however,  I 
eaw  enough  to  be  quite  certain.  What  particularly  appealed 
to  me  was  the  fact  that  a  casual  observer  (such  as  I  have 
hitherto  been  about  birds  eating  butterflies)  would  never  have 
seen  this  :  it  had  to  be  looked  for.  It's  exactly  as  Swynnerton 
said  in  his  paper  in  the  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.,  and  what  Trimen 
said  ('  neglect  of  well-directed  and  sustained  observation '). 
I  don't  in  the  least  wonder  that  Selous  had  never  seen  a  bird 
eat  a  butterfly,  for  he  had  quite  possibly  never  especially 
looked  for  it. 

"  Of  course  I  returned  to  that  spot  several  times  again, 
but  either  the  birds  weren't  there,  or  they  were  hunting  on 
the  ground,  or  it  was  dull  and  there  weren't  many  butterflies 
about,  and  also  the  blossoms  began  to  fade,  for  I  didn't  see  any 
more  butterflies  eaten.  But  the  birds  are  abundant,  so  I  live 
in  hope.  I  feel  so  much  that  it's  '  up  to  us  '  to  produce  the 
evidence  which  we  know  is  there  and  only  wants  producing ! "  • 

Dr.  G.  A.  K.  Marshall  had  written  concerning  the  species 
of  bird :  "  From  his  description  of  the  bird  and  its  habits 
I  can  have  no  doubt  that  it  is  the  Black  Cuckoo  Shrike 
{Campophaga  nigra,  Vieill.),  a  bird  I  knew  well  in  Mashonalaud, 
thongh  it  was  not  particularly  common  there." 

A  SUGGESTED  EXPLANATION  OP  THE  OCCURRENCE  OF  WET- 
SEASON    FORUS   OP  BUTTERFLIES    IN   THE    HIDST   OF   THE    DRY 

SEASON. — Prof.  PouLTON  Bsid  that  the  suggestion  contained 
in  the  following  extract  from  a  letter  from  the  Rev.  K.  St. 
AuBTN  Rogers  was  of  great  interest,  and  offered  a  probable 
explanation  of  many  puzzling  irregularities.  The  letter  was 
dated  Aug.  13,  1917,  from  late  German  East  Africa.  The 
precise  locality  was  not  given,  but  Mr.  Rogers  probably  wrot« 
from  Kongwa  on  the  Central  Railway. 


abont  at  the  edge  of  «■      ,  _      

■ettled  in  the  grass,  as  it  iras  temporarily  overcast.  The  biid  had  not 
noticed  them,  vhen  one  suddenly  got  up,  alarmed  at  his  approach ;  and 
he  darted  at  it,  but  only  just  mi»«d  it,  and  it  flew  sway.  I  think  it 
was  a  BdtTuju,  but  couidn't  be  certain." 


u,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


(    Mr    ) 

"  I  have  some  hopes  that  some  of  the  thiogs  I  got  in  the 
vet  Beason  may  be  of  use  to  you,  and  many  of  the  moie 
intereBting  speciea  seem  to  be  confined  to  the  wet  season  and 
the  early  part  of  the  dry  weather. 

"  1  venture  to  think  that  the  whole  question  of  seasonal 
forms  requires  a  good  deal  more  investigation.  It  is  not 
nearly  so  simple  as  might  be  supposed,  being  especially  com- 
plicated by  the  fact  that  some  plants,  e.  g.  the  food-plants  of 
Belenois  and  some  species  of  Teramltis,  make  growth  through- 
out the  dry  weather.  The  food-plant  of  the  common  B. 
severina,  Oram.,  and  B.  meseatina.  Cram,  (the  latter  greatly 
preponderating  at  present),  starts  into  growth  at  the  b^in- 
ning  of  the  dry  weather,  and  thereupon  many  {Jants  are 
completely  stripped  of  their  leaves  by  the  larvae  of  the  above 
speciea  and,  after  a  short  time,  start  into  growth  again,  so 
that  there  aie  always  plants  with  young  leaves  on  them 
during  the  dry  weather  at  any  rate  up  to  date.  Now  it  is 
a  curious  fact  that  many  fresh  specimens  of  B.  meserUina,  at 
the  present  time  after  3  months'  absolute  drought,  are  to  the 
best  of  my  knowledge  wet-season  forms.  I  caught  a  pair 
tn  cop.  last  week  on  purpose  to  illustrate  this. 

"  I  feel  sure  that  Bell's  view  *  (that  the  seasonal  forms  are 
produced  by  the  state  of  the  food-plant)  is  correct  in  cases 
of  this  kind,  but  then  how  about  PrecU  of  which  dry  forms 
began  to  prevail  a  month  before  the  end  of  the  rains?  I 
hope  that  my  collection  may  throw  some  light  on  this  intenat- 
ing  question.  Just  here,  in  spite  of  the  drought,  growth  does 
not  altogether  cease,  e.  g.  the  millet  in  the  native  gardens 
sprouts  freely  after  the  crop  is  reaped,  and  is  later  used  for 
grazing.  No  doubt  this  is  due  to  the  proximity  of  the  range 
of  high  hills  to  the  north,  as  though  all  the  torrent  beds  (and 
there  is  nothing  else  on  this  side)  have  been  dry  for  montiis, 
yet  no  doubt  a  good  deal  of  water  must  percolate  through 
underneath.  The  hills  on  this  side  of  the  range  are  veiy 
steep  and  stony,  and  even  drier  than  the  plain  where  we  are. 

"  I  wish  I  were  in  a  position  to  undertake  breeding  here, 
but  it  is  quite  impossible. 

"  Teraxilus  «m,  Klug.,  and  T.  ceUmene,  Luc,  I  have  seen 
•  Ent.  Ho.  Hkg.,  1M6,  p.  121. 


u,y,l,7rJM,G00glc 


(  1"  ) 

U)ing  on  the  food-plants  of  B.  mesenttna,  and  T.  eupompe. 
King.,  and  T.  caUidia,  Gr.-Sm.,  on  aoothet  plant. 
. "  They  are  still  quite  common,  aa  are  many  other  speciee 
of  Teracolus,  bat  they  are  all  old  British  East  African  frienda : 
still  I  catch  a  dry-season  form  occasionally.  T.  celimene  is 
commoner  now  than  in  the  lains.  I  have  caught  several 
females  of  this,  as  I  believe  they  are  not  abondant  in  collec- 
tions. They  are  very  like  B.  teverina  ^  on  the  ving  and 
mnst  be  frequently  overlooked." 

AnOTBEB     tNDEPBNDBNT     OBaSBVATION     OF     THE     "  FAIJBB 

HEAD  "  IN  BUTTEBFLiES. — Prof.  PorLTON  Said  that  his  atten- 
tion had  be«n  directed  by  Mr.  E.  A.  Elliott  to  the  following 
extract  from  J.  Sibree's  "  Naturalist  in  Madagascar  "  (London, 
1916,  p.  254),  referring  probably  to  a  Lycaenid  butterfly : 
"  While  staying  near  the  forest  I  was  several  times  struck  by 
the  cnrious  formation  of  the  wings  of  one  of  the  smaller 
species  of  butterfly.  The  insect  in  question  is  of  plain  incon- 
spictious  colouring,  chieSy  shades  of  brown,  and  when  at  rest 
sita  with  the  wings  erect.  The  noticeable  point  is  that  there 
are  several  strongly-marked  and  dark-tinted  processes  from 
the  hinder  part  of  the  wings,  which  resemble  the  head,  eyes 
and  antennae  of  a  butterfly,  so  that  when  at  i«st  it  is  very 
difficult  to  say  which  is  the  head  and  which  is  the  tail  of  the 
insect.  The  tail  markings  and  points  are  so  much  more 
strongly  emphasized  than  the  actual  bead  and  antennae,  that 
it  is  only  when  the  wings  slightly  open  that  one  is  undeceived. 
.  .  .  May  not  the  reason  of  this  mimicry  of  the  head  by  the 
tail  be  of  some  service  in  directing  the  attention  of  birds  and 
other  enemies  to  the  less  vital  part  of  the  butterfly's  struc- 
ture ?  It  ia  evident  that  the  hinder  portion  of  the  wings 
might  be  snapped  at  and  broken  off,  and  yet  no  serious  injury 
be  done  to  the  vital  parte  of  the  insect." 

This  observation  added  another  to  the  long  list  recorded 
in  our  Proceedings  for  1906,  p.  lii,  to  which  must  be  also 
added  the  note  by  Mr.  T.  R.  Bell  in  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.,  1906, 
p.  128.  Prof.  Poulton  said  that  there  was  yet  another  recent 
detailed  observation  by  a  Danish  naturalist  to  which  he  hoped 
to  direct  attention  aa  soon  as  it  was  published. 
W.  A.  I^ahborn's  obbkrvations  on  the  mimetic  females 
?BOC.  ENT.  eOC.  LOND.,  n-iv.  1917  E 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


(  ll"  ) 

OP  Papilio  dabdanus,  Brown,  in  late  Gebuan  East 
Africa. — Prof,  Poulton  said  that  the  following  letter  was 
written  by  Mr.  Lambom  from  Tanga,  on  Aug.  10,  1917.  It 
was  of  great  interest  to  receive  the  impressions  of  so  keen  an 
observer  upon  the  resemblances  in  life  between  mimic  and 
model  and  between  the  mimics  themselves. 

"  Ton  will  have  already  learnt  that  I  obtained  seven 
eggs  from  a  hippocoon  female  of  dardanus,  captured  at  Dar- 
es-Salaam. The  larvae  did  well  and  I  have  the  seven  pupae, 
the  imagoB  from  which  may  now  come  out  at  any  time.  One 
pupa  is  malformed,  but  not  so  badly  that  the  perfect  insect 
is  likely  to  be  entirely  valueless.  1  e^cpect  the  females  to  be 
all  hippocoon,  for  I  have  as  yet  seen  no  other  forms  along 
this  coast,  and  Amauris  niavius  dotninicatnis.  Trim.,  is  more 
abundant  than  I  ever  saw  it  on  the  West  Coast,  and  far  more 
so  than  any  of  the  other  models.  In  anticipation  of  your 
probable  wish  to  study  the  latter  with  the  eastem  forms  of 
hippocoon  I  have  secured  a  long  series  (56).  These  were  taken 
in  association  with  another  Amauris,  oMea,  Boisd.,  I  think,  all 
at  one  spot,  mostly  at  rest  on  undergrowth  beneath  a  Mango 
tree,  and  within  the  space  of  an  hour  in  the  early  moming. 

"  Since  I  last  wrote  I  have  seen  five  more  hippocoon  females 
and  have  taken  three,  the  last  this  morning  and  now  in  cap- 
tivity. I  am  still  not  sufficiently  familiar  with  the  East 
Coast  hippocoon  and  its  model  to  be  quite  sure  what  the 
species  is  when  on  the  wing.  In  this  connexion  the  follow- 
ing incident  occurred  a  day  or  two  ago.  I  saw  a  hippocoon 
feeding  at  a  flower  and  hovering  aa  these  Fapilios  always 
then  do ;  Amau-ris,  with  the  security  probably  bom  of  its 
protected  qualities,  always  settles  to  feed.  I  missed  the 
Papilio  and  it  flew  oS,  with  me  in  hot  pursuit  at  midday 
over  some  200  yaids  of  burning  saudy  plain,  and  it  then 
escaped  over  some  bushes.  But  on  the  other  side  I  saw  it 
again,  as  I  thought,  and  pursuing  it  further  took  it,  and 
then  discovered  it  to  be  a  dominicanus.  Keturning  to  tha 
bushes  I  beat  out  the  hippocoon,  but  again  failed  to  secure 
it,  for  it  rose  high  into  the  air  at  once,  aa  is  usual  when 
alarmed. 

"  I  took  recently  my  second  Bypolimnas  mambara.  Ward, 


ll,y,l,/eJh,G00t5lc 


(    Ixvii    ) 

ft  tnale,  flitting  round  a  Mango  tree  in  flower,  and  until  I  tiad 
it  in  the  net,  was  convinced  ttiat  I  had  been  watching  a 
hippoemm.*  But  my  experience  of  these  eastern  forms  is  of 
course  so  limited. 

"  18tk  August. — The  seven  imagos  are  now  out,  but  only 
two  are  females  and  both  hippocoon,  one  badly  malformed. 
However,  I  have  put  it  in  the  box  ready  for  postage  when 
an  opportunity  offers.  The  other  female  is  a  very  fine 
specimen. 

"  So  far  I  have  not  succeeded  in  obtaining  any  more  eggs, 
though  I  have  seen  several  more  hippocoott  females,  and  two 
female  forms,  a  cenea,  StoU,  and  a  Iropfwniua,  Westw.,  feeding 
on  flowers  high  up  on  a  bank  and  quite  out  of  my  reach. 
That  is  the  first  time  I  have  seen  trophoniua  alive." 

FUBTHBR  OBSERVATIONS  ON  APBICAN  HeSPERIDAE  OF  THE 
GENUS  SaRANQESA  BESTING  IN  HOLES  IN  THE  GROUND.— Prof. 

PoiTLTON  said  that  he  had  just  received  from  Captain  R.  S. 
Wilson  the  following  observations  on  the  habits  of  S.  elimituUa, 
Holl.,  and  S.  plisUmicus,  Pltitz,  or  ladius,  Mab.,  in  the  Nuba 
Hountains  Province  of  the  Sudan.  Among  the  specimens 
sent  to  Oxford  by  Capt.  Wilson  were  2  diminala,  taken 
Apr.  13,  1917,  at  Dilling,  one  of  them  bearing  the  note  re- 
ferred to  below,  and  14taken  the  next  day  in  the  same  locality; 
also  1  takcD  June  14,  1917,  at  Talodi.  This  latt«r,  a  worn 
apecimen,  bore  the  label  "flowering  plants,"  probably  indi- 
cating that  the  Hesperid  was  not  altogether  restricted  to  holes 
and  deep  shade. 

StTi-  14,  1917.  TaUtdi. 
"  He  Sarangesa  diminata,  I  was  most  interested  to  receive 
the  proof  [Proc.  Ent.  Soc,  1916,  pp.  cxxis-cxxxiij  you  sent. 
My  note  means  'in  shade:  also  in  hole  in  ground.'  My 
experience  of  this  skipper,  as  regards  its  fondness  for  holes, 
ia  exactly  the  same  as  that  recorded  in  the  proof.  I  used 
when  at  Dilling  this  year  generally  to  go  out  collecting  for 

'See  also  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.,  IBOS,  p.  497,  and  description  of  Plate 
X.JLV1,  fig.  3,  for  the  Rev.  K.  St.  Aubyn  Rogers'  observations  on  the 
living  H.  utambara.  Looking  at  a  spacimea  in  tbo  cabinet  it  would 
be  *uppo8ed  that  the  bright  orange-brown  of  both  surfaces,  especially 
the  under,  is  likely  to  prevent  a  close  mimetic  likeness,  yet  both  Mr. 
Rogers  and  Hr.  lAmbom  observed  tJiat  the  raaomblance  ia  strong. 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


(    Ixriii    ) 

an  hour  before  BunBet  armed  with  a  net  and  Btick,  and  got 
most  of  my  captures  by  beating  the  grasa  clumps  and  bushes 
on  which  the  butterflies  had  settled  for  the  night.  On  the 
first  occasion  when  I  saw  S.  eliminata  there,  the  sun  had 
just  Bet,  but  had  sunk  behind  a  small  jebel  some  few  minutes 
before,  and  it  was  just  getting  dark.  I  caught  sight  of  two 
or  three  of  the  skippers  flitting  about  at  the  entrance  of  an 
old  porcupine  burrow  (I  had  often  seen  butterflies  in  similar 
situations  before  and  recognised  them  as  some  sort  of  skipper). 
I  then  rattled  my  stick  round  the  sides  of  the  hole,  and  they 
came  out  in  extraordinary  numbers  and  I  caught  several. 
I  did  this  Ave  or  six  times  and  some  came  out  each  time. 
If  left  alone  they  flitted  about  for  a  short  time  at  the  entrance 
and  then  went  in  again.  They  always  settled  with  wings 
fully  extended  and  resting  flat  against  the  aides  of  the  burrow. 
I  often  passed  this  particular  burrow  afterwards  and  almost 
invariably  found  some  skippers  present.  The  hole  was  partly 
overhung  by  a  bush  which  did  not  make  it  any  easier  to 
capture  the  skippers.  I  found  them  afterwards  at  Dilling  in 
mare  recently  occupied  porcupine  burrows,  and  also  under 
the  roots  of  large  trees  along  the  khor,  which  baa  high  banks, 
where  the  soil  had  been  washed  away  and  left  dark  hoUows 
amongst  the  roots,  and  also  in  cavities  in  the  khoi  sides,  but 
always  on  the  west  aide  (the  khor  here  runs  N.  and  S.),  I 
presume  so  that  the  sun  should  not  disturb  them  in  the 
afternoon  by  shining  into  the  hollows,  as  it  would  have  done 
if  they  had  been  on  the  east  bank.  As  regards  S.  plisloniau, 
FiOtz,  if  this  is  a  black  skipper  with  small  whitish  transparent 
spote  on  the  fore-wing  as  I  think  it  is,*  I  found  this  first  at 
Dilling  in  November,  1904,  and  also  at  Tira  Mandi  in  the 
same  month,  and  in  each  case  recorded  that  they  were  always 
taken  in  shade.     Those  at  the  latter  place  I  generally  took 

*  Tba  examplea  lefeTTsd  to  by  Captain  Wilson  aie  ouned  3.  flitlo- 
nieut  in  Tnuu.  Eat.  Soc.,  1916,  p.  284.  Thero  are  6  ■pecimeoa  at 
Oxford  in  the  coHection  made  bj  Him — I  from  Dillinp,  Nov.  15,  1904 
(given  as  1906  by  a  clerical  error  in  the  paper  quoted  above);  4  from 
Tm.  Mandi,  Nov.  S3-26,  1904.  In  the  collection  of  ttie  Britiab  MuBema 
flulonicut  stands  under  the  genus  Bretia,  and  Captain  nelson's  speci- 
menB  are  the  eame  as  a  series  (indudiog  an  example  from  the  Atban) 
named  Sarangaa  ladim,  Hab.  The  spedee  of  tbia  geonfl  will  never 
be  satisfactorily  determined  until  the  types  have  b«en  seen  and  tbs 
•tmctuial  ehuacters  worked  out. 


Ij.y.l.AjL^yCOO'^lc 


(    liii    ) 

inside  my  '  rakuba,'  a  temporaiy  graaB-bnilt  shelter  which 
WBs  erected  in  the  shade  of  some  large  trees  locally  called 
Tameiza,  of  the  Ficus  tycomonts,  L.,  t)rpe.  Since  then  I  have 
seen  both  these  species  resting  inside  hollow  trees  snch  as 
Adamonia  digitata  (locally  called  Tebeldi)  which  grow  to  a 
vast  size  and  are  nearly  always  hoUow," 

Emission  of  fluid  fkom  the  antennae  op  Acbaza 
QtJiKiNA,  F. — Piof.  PouLTON  exhibited  a  male  example  of 
A.  quirina,  captured  in  Sierra  Leone  probably  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Freetown,  June  18,  1917,  by  Ueut.  P.  A.  Buxton, 
R.A.M.C.,  who  had  made  the  observations  tecorded  in  the 
following  letter,  written  on  June  20. 

"  I  am  circumnavigating  most  of  the  known  world  on  my 
way  to  the  Euphrates.  I  shall  post  to  you  a  small  Acraea 
which  I  took  recently.  When  I  pinched  it  in  the  net  I  dis- 
tinctly saw  drops  of  yellowish  fluid  appear,  one  on  the  club 
of  each  antenna— drops  about  the  size  of  the  head  of  a 
domestic  pin.  This  seemed  interesting,  so  I  took  the  thing 
out  of  the  net,  pinched  it  again,  and  got  the  drops  again, 
but  much  smaller.  Third  attempt,  no  drops.  This  is  the 
only  time  I  observed  it,  though  I  got  lots  of  small  Acraeaa 
that  day  and  subsequently,  and  kept  my  eyes  open,  of  course. 
Is  it  an  old  observation !  " 

Prof.  Poulton  said  that  the  fact  had  been  observed  by 
Dr.  G.  A.  K.  Marahall  in  Planetna  aganice.  Hew.,  and  Acraea 
terptichore,  L.,  f.  rottgeli,  Gu6r.  (sereno,  F.,  buxUmi,  Hew.). 
See  Trans.  Ent.  Soc,  1902,  pp.  413  and  323  respectively. 

Labva  of  Saw-fly  with  "  Palisade. " — The  Rev.  F.  D. 
MoRiCE  exhibited  a  photograph  of  a  saw-fly  larva  with  the 
epidiascope  ami  described  it  as  follows  : — 

"  I  show  a  print  from  a  negative  already  exhibited  at  a 
previous  meeting  (Oct.  3).  It  represents  a  young  (living) 
larva  of  the  sawfly  Lygaeonemalw  compressicornu,  F.,  feeding 
in  the  middle  of  a  poplar-leaf,  and  surrounded  with  a  sort  of 
'  stockade,'  or  rather  circle  of  Uttle  glassy  nearly  equidistant 
'  pillars,'  which  are  believed  in  some  way  to  protect  it,  but 
against  what  sort  of  attacks  has  never  been  clearly  made 
out  (Plate  C,  fig.  2).  In  another  photograph  I  show  one 
of  the  pillars  separately,  at  a  magnification  of  20  diameters 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


<    Ixx    ) 

(Plato  C,  fig.  3).  It.  is  then  seen  to  be  a  compact  pile  of 
little  transparent  bubbles,  which  must  have  hardened  im- 
mediatoly  after  being  ejected  by  the  insect.  It  is,  however, 
though  hardened,  excessively  fragile;  and  it  is  ditBcult  to 
believe  that  it  could  offer  any  physical  obstruction  to  the 
approach  of  any  imaginable  assailant  of  the  feeding  larva. 
Besides  which,  the  pillars  stand  far  enough  one  from  the 
other  to  allow  of  a  free  passage  between  them.  It  has  been 
suggested  to  me  that  the  so-called  '  stockade '  has  some 
resemblance  to  various  objects  (fungoid  growths,  stalked  eggs, 
etc.,  etc.),  and  that  this  deceptive  mimicry  might  serve  as  a 
protection  to  the  larva  against  some  particular  enemy.  At 
any  rate,  for  whatever  reason,  the  formation  of  this  stockade 
seems  to  be  considered  by  the  larva  as  an  indispensable  pre- 
liminary to  feeding.  Miss  E.  Chawner  tolls  me  that  she  has 
tried  the  experiment  of  brushing  it  off,  and  that  the  larva 
then  seems  considerably  discomposed,  leaves  off  feeding,  and 
presently  moves  away  elsewhere,  and  forms  a  new  circle 
before  it  ventures  to  recommence  its  meal.  It  is  curious  also 
that  when  the  hole  eaton  in  the  leaf  reaches  a  certain  size, 
the  larva  reaches  out  and  constructs  a  similar  circle  of  pillars 
on  the  other  side  of  the  leaf,  and  that  when  it  has  reached  a 
certain  stage  in  its  own  growth  it  abandons  its  defensive 
ayatom  altogether,  passes  to  the  edge  of  the  leaf  and  feeds 
there,  just  like  the  larvae  of  other  Nematids,  without  any 
visible  precautions  against  disturbance  from  without.  This 
remarkable  instinct,  which  apparently  is  peculiar  to  this 
one  species,  was  first  observed  and  fully  described  by  the 
Dutch  entomologist  v.  VoUenhofen  (a  former  Hon.  Fellow  of 
our  Society)." 

The  exhibitor  then  read  extracts  from  an  Knglish  transla- 
tion (by  Mr.  May)  of  v.  Vollenhofen'a  memoir  on  the  subject 
which  appeared  in  vol.  xx  of  the  Zoologist  (1862).  The 
insect  is  there  called  Netnalus  vaUaior,  n.sp.,  its  identity  with 
Fabricius's  compresstcomis  not  having  been  realized.  It  is 
rather  a  pity,  though  it  cannot  be  helped,  that  the  Law  of 
Priority  reduces  that  which  in  itself  is  certainly  the  more 
suggestive  and  euphonious  of  these  names  to  the  rank  of  a 
mere  synonym. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


{    Ixxi    ) 

Tfll    COCOOH    OF   DlCRANUBA    VINULA. — Dt.    ChAPUAN    ei- 

hibit«d  some  cocoons  of  Dicranura  vinida  that  happened  to 
show  much  more  plainly  than  is  usually  the  case  the  diSeient 
and  thinner  texture  where  the  moth  is  to  emerge.  In  de- 
scribing them  he  observed  that  Mr.  Latter,  Ent.  Trans,,  1895, 
p.  399,  says :  "  If  a  cocoon  is  examined  from  the  inner  side 
while  held  towards  the  light,  it  will  at  once  be  seeo  that  the 
walls  are  not  of  unifonn  thickness,  but  that  thinner  patches 
occur  here  and  there.  I  have  examined  over  a  hundred 
cocoons  in  this  way  and  invariably  found  one  of  these  thinner 
areas  at  the  anterior  end  opposite  the  head  of  the  pupa." 
As  viewed  from  the  outside  the  thin  portion  of  the  cocoon 
is  seldom  very  evident.  Of  those  exhibited,  six,  made  on 
the  inner  surface  of  the  coik,  show  these  thin  places  most 
obviously  as  darker  patches— darker  owing  to  having  less  of 
the  cork  material  used  in  them — and  these  correspond  in  form 
and  position  to  the  portion  of  cocoon  that  the  imago  makes 
use  of  for  emergence.  Two  cocoons  on  the  outer  surface  of 
the  cork  show  similar  patches,  but  they  are  not  seen  till 
looked  for.  Other  cocoons  made  by  the  same  lot  of  larvae 
are  equally  difierent,  only  those  on  the  inner  surface  of  the 
cork  showing  with  such  marked  distinctness  the  thin  places. 
There  seem  to  be  no  thin  places  at  any  other  part  of  these 
cocoons.  As  I  have  never  noted  these  patches  before  to  be 
so  evident,  it  seems  that  this  particular  cork  surface  leads  to 
the  structure  being  so  visibly  differentiated." 

The  Generic  Naue  Tinea.— Mr.  Stanley  Edwards 
asked  the  following  questions : — 

"  Is  the  President  aware  that  in  the  Collections  at  South 
Kensington  the  generic  name  Tinea  of  Linnaeus  is  employed 
for  two  difierent  genera  in  two  diSerent  families  of  the 
Lepidoptera  ?  " 

"  What  steps  does  he  propose  to  take  as  to  this  second 
usage  in  a  new  and  unfamiliar  sense  of  an  ancient  and  well- 
known  name  whose  application  has  been  undoubted  for 
generatioiu  ? " 

The  President,  Mr.  Bethune-Baker  and  Mr.  Neave 
spoke  on  the  subject,  and  eventually  it  was  resolved,  on  the 
motion  of  Mr.  Bethume- Bakes,  seconded  by  Mr.  Dur&aiit, 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


{    Uxu    ) 

that  Sit  Geoboe  Hampson  should  be  invited  to  take  part  in 
the  diBcusBion  of  the  question  at  the  December  meeting. 


Wednesday,  November  21st,  1917. 

Dr.  C.  J.  Oahan,  M.A.,  D.Sc.,  President,  in  the  Chair, 
domination  of  Officers. 

The  following  Fellows  were  nominated  as  Officers  and 
Members  of  Council  for  the  eosuing  year : — 

President,  Dt.  C.  J.  Qahan,  M.A.,  D.Sc.  Treasurer,  W.  G. 
Sheldon.  Secretaries,  Conim,  Jaues  J.  Walkeb,  M.A.,  R.N., 
F.L.8.;  Scv.  George  Wheeler,  H.A.,  F.Z.S.  Zt&ronan, 
Geoeoe  Charles  Champion,  P.Z.8.,  A.L.S,  Other  Members 
of  Council,  A.  W.  Bacot;  E.  C.  Bedwell;  K.  G.  Blaik; 
Dr.  T.  A.  Chapman,  M.D.,  F.Z.8.;  W.  C.  Ceawley,  B.A.; 
H.  WiLLOUOBBY  Ellis,  F.Z.S.;  Dr.  H.  Eltrdighau,  M.A., 
D.Sc,  F.Z.S. ;  J.  C.  F.  Fryer,  M.A. ;  A.  Huoh  Jones  ;  Rev, 
F.  D.  MoRiCE,  M.A.;  S.  A.  Neave,  M.A.,  B.Sc.,  F.Z.8.; 
Herbert  E.  Paqe. 

Eiedion  of  Fellows. 
Mesflre.    Frederick   Walter   Cocks,    26,   Crown   Street, 
Beading,  and  Willuh  Gerald  Hakding,  St.  Hugh's  School, 
Bickley,  Kent,  were  elected  Fellows  of  the  Society. 

Exhibitions. 
Bbitise  Chkysophanus  dispab,  vab.  kdtilus. — Oapt. 
PuREFOY  exhibited  a  series  of  British  C.  dispar,  var.  rutUus, 
whose  ancestors  had  come  from  the  neighbourhood  of  Beriin 
before  the  war.  They  were  now  firmly  established  in  a  marsh 
in  South  Ireland,  into  which  the  food-plant,  Rumex  hj/dro- 
lapathum,  had  also  been  introduced.  The  series  exhibited 
included  specimens  taken  in  1915,  1916  and  1917,  and  showed 
a  remarkable  increase  in  size  during  this  short  period,  the 
<;  S  reaching  60  mm.  and  one  of  the  $  $  62  mm.  The  depth 
of  colouring  on  the  upper  side  was  also  much  intensified. 
There  was  still,  however,  much  less  blue  on  the  under  surface. 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lc 


(    Izxiii    ) 

and  the  orange  band  vae  also  conaiderabiy  less  biiUiuit,  and 
less  continuous. 

Mr.  Kaye  enqniied  whether  the  larvae  would  feed  on 
other  docks,  and  Gapt.  Purefot  replied  that  they  would  do 
BO,  bat  that  other  docks  were  apt  to  turn  brown  after  flower- 
ing, thus  depriving  the  larvae  of  nourishment.  They  would 
not  feed  on  sorrel. 

Mr.  Sheldon  remarked  that  the  var.  rvtilvt  must  have 
alternative  food-plantB  on  the  Continent,  as  he  had  found  it 
not  only  in  the  Danube  Marshes  (where  R.  hydrolajKUhum 
grew)  in  the  vicinity  of  Buda  Pesth,  but  on  many  of  the  hills 
around  this  town  far  out  of  the  range  of  this  plant.  In  the 
neighbourhood  of  Saiepta  also,  it  was  found  in  the  small 
cross  gullies  which  had  a  small  stream  at  the  bottom  emptying 
into  the  Volga  some  miles  away.  In  each  of  these  localities, 
although  several  species  of  dock  were  found,  the  usual  food- 
plant  did  not  grow. 

A  question  having  been  asked  as  to  whether  C.  'dispar  had 
ever  been  found  out  of  England,  the  Bev.  0.  Whxslsr  re- 
minded the  Society  that  it  had  been  discovered  last  year  in 
Holland,  and  exhibited  by  the  Hon.  N.  C.  Rothschild  side 
by  side  with  English  specimens.  Some  doubt  was  expressed 
later  as  to  whether  the  Dutch  Bpecimens  were  really  indis- 
tinguishable from  the  English. 

Pupation  op  Dmscus  iuboinalis. — Mr.  Hugh  Main 
showed  a  series  of  lantern  slides  illustrating  the  methods  he 
had  successfully  adopted  for  observing  the  larva  of  Dytiacut 
marginalis  "  digging  itself  in  "  for  pupation,  also  the  pupa  in 
its  cell,  the  disclosure  of  the  imago,  and  the  escape  of  the  latter 
from  the  cell.  He  said  he  had  exhibited  on  October  18,  1916, 
a  clump  of  earth  containing  a  pupation  cell  of  D.  margintdu 
which  he  had  found  near  the  margin  of  a  pond  in  Epping 
Forest.  Other  cells  subsequently  found  agreed  in  being 
dtuat«d  along  the  angle  between  a  horizontal  shelf  of  earth 
and  the  vertical  bank  rising  behind  it.  It  was  only  necessary 
to  reproduce  such  conditions  in  confinement  to  get  the  larva 
to  form  its  pupation  cell,  and  it  was  not  difficult  so  to  arrange 
matters  that  the  work  was  done  at  a  convenient  time  for 
observation.    A  small  oblong  glasa  aquarium  was  used,  on 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


{    Iniv    ) 

the  bottom  of  which  was  placed  a  layer  of  earth  about  two 
incheB  deep,  and  a  bank  of  earth  three  or  four  inches  high  and 
about  the  same  thicknesa  was  made  at  one  end,  the  eaith 
being  damp  and  tightly  pressed.  At  the  other  end  a  small 
shallow  glass  vessel  was  placed,  nearly  full  of  water  and  con- 
taining some  water  weeds  and  a  larva.  The  larva  was  fed  on 
earthworms  and  when  full  fed  it  easily  climbed  out  of  the 
water  and  soon  discovered  the  suitably  arranged  bank.  The 
larva  could  be  hindered  fiom  commencing  its  work  for  a  few 
hours  by  placing  a  glass  plate  in  froot  of  the  bank,  and  when 
this  was  removed  the  larva  at  once  started  operations.  Full- 
fed  larvae  were  found  in  July,  August,  and  September.  They 
are  very  active  on  leaving  the  water,  sometimes  travelling  ten 
feet  or  more  from  a  pond  before  Ending  a  suitable  rate  for 
pupation. 

In  making  the  cell  the  larva  removes  in  its  jaws  a  small 
mass  of  earth  from  the  face  of  the  bank,  turns  round,  and 
then,  opening  ite  jaws,  it  pushes  out  the  earth  with  its  anterior 
legs,  depositing  it  to  one  side  or  behind  it,  thus  gradually 
making  a  cavity  in  the  bank  and  forming  a  little  curved  wall 
against  the  face  of  the  bank.  The  inner  surface  of  the  wall 
is  made  quite  smooth  by  pressure  of  the  flat  head,  and  the 
globular  cavity  which  is  also  smoothed  o2  is  finally  closed  in 
by  the  mass  of  earth  removed  from  the  interior.  The  larva 
takes  about  six  to  eight  hours  to  dig  itself  in  out  of  sight, 
keeping  at  work  nearly  cootinuously. 

The  pupa  was  disclosed  about  a  week  after  the  larva  had 
disappeared  from  view.  It  may  be  easily  seen  on  carefully 
removing  the  exterior  wail  of  the  cell  or  on  cutting  the  earth 
away  and  opening  up  the  cavity  from  the  roof.  It  is  per- 
fectly white  at  first,  and  only  the  eyes  show  any  darkening 
for  a  time.  It  normally  rests  with  its  dorsal  surface  upper- 
most, lying  across  the  ceil,  supported  only  by  the  prothoradc 
rim,  which  bears  a  number  of  short  stiff  bristles,  and  the  two 
fringed  processes  at  the  tail  end.  The  whole  of  the  body  is 
thus  out  of  contact  with  the  surrounding  earth  except  the 
two  small  supporting  areas  at  the  anterior  and  posterior 
extremities.  If  disturbed,  however,  the  pnpa  gives  a  wrij^ 
causing  it  to  fall  over  on  its  back,  but  very  soon  another 


Ij.y.l.AjL.yCOO'^lL' 


PLATE  D. 
Dtjtiacva  maryinalis  digging  itself  it 
1  to  6.  Successive  stages  of  operatione. 
All  Blightly  lesB  than  J  natural  size. 


PLATE  E. 
DyliacUi  tnargiTtalis.     Pupation. 

1.  Esterior  of  pupation  chamber. 

2.  Showing  opening  mode  by  imago  for  exit. 

3.  Pnpa  shortly  after  emergence- 

4.  Pupa  in  nonnal  resting  position,  lateral  view. 

5.  „  „  „  anterior  view. 

6.  „  „  „  posterior  view. 
All  slightly  less  than  }  natural  size. 


PLATE  F. 
Dytiacut  tnarginalis. 

1.  Male,  just  emerged  from  pupal  akin. 

2.  Hale,  24  hours  later. 

3.  Female,  just  emerged  from  pupal  skin. 

4.  Female,  24  hours  later. 

6.  Artificial  pond  and  bank  for  the  observation  of  the  larva 

preparing  for  pupation,  etc. 
1  to  4,  slightly  lees  than  {  natural  size;  5,  about  }  natural  size. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


n,g,t,7.dhvG00glc 


Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Lottd.,    1917. 


Hugh  Main,   Phata.  ^^'f'  T<^'  ^"i-    <^'-  '■'■'• 

Pupation  of  DvTiSCUS  MARGINALIS.     : ,  CoO^lc 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Proc.  Eni.  Soc.  Lond..    1917. 


Hugh  Main,  Phola.  Half-Tom  Eng.   Co.  Ltd. 

Pupation  of  Dytiscus  marginalis.      ..CoOqIl' 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


(    Ihv    ) 

wriggle  raises  it  again  into  its  usual  resting  position.  The 
enipty  laTval  skin  is  pressed  flat  against  the  wall  of  the  cell 
where  the  pupa  cannot  come  in  contact  with  it.  After  the 
exit  of  the  imago  the  larval  skin  can  be  removed,  spread  out 
under  water  and  the  longitudinal  dorsal  slit  observed  through 
which  the  pupa  had  emei^d. 

The  pupae  observed  remained  from  two  to  three  weeks 
before  the  emergence  of  the  beetle,  only  the  legs  and  some 
of  the  terminal  segments  of  the  abdomen  becoming  dark. 
The  thorax  and  elytra  of  the  imago  are  soft  and  quite  white 
or  cream-coloured  at  first,  but  in  twenty-four  hours  they  have 
almost  reached  their  usual  coloration.  The  male  is  easily 
distinguished  in  the  pupal  stage  by  the  characteristic  appear- 
ance of  the  enlarged  joints  of  the  anterioi  tarsi.  The  insects 
finally  escaped  through  a  round  hole  made  in  the  exterior 
wall  towards  the  top  of  the  dome-shaped  interior  and  above 
the  part  of  the  wall  made  by  the  deposition  of  the  earth  from 
the  interior  of  the  cavity  (Plates  D,  E,  F,  and  0,  fig.  1). 


Wednesday,  December  6th,  1917. 
Dr.  C.  J.  Gahan,  M.A.,  D.Sc.,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

Nomination  of  Officers  aiid  Council. 
The  names  of  the  Fellows  nominated  by  the  Council  as 
Officers  and  Council  for  the  following  year  were  read  for  the 
second  time.     No  other  names  had  been  received. 

Election  of  a  Feliov}. 
Mr,  Charles  Ogilvie  Farquharson,  M.A.,  B.Sc.,  Govern- 
ment Agricultural  Dept.,  Moor  Plantation,  Ibadan,  S.  Nigeria, 
was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  Society. 

Nomination  of  an  Honorary  Felloie. 

The  name  of  M.  Paul  Marchal  (France)  was  announced 

for  the  first  time  as  having  been  nominated  by  the  Council 

for  an  Honorary  Fellowship,  in  the  place  of  the  late  Dr.  £. 

FREV-GESaNER. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Exhibitions. 

AbEBBATIONS   of   ClEOBlETBID  MoTHS  PBOH  EAST  LOTHIAN. 

Miss  Balpoue  exhibited  a  strikmg  abeirstioD  of  Lareniia 
didynuUa,  L.,  tAken  by  her  at  Whittingehame,  East  Lothian, 
on  July  24,  1917.  This  specimen  (a  J),  which  was  rather 
laiga  and  pale,  was  Temaikable  for  having  a  conapicnoos  dark 
fuscous  marking  resembling  an  airow-head,  formed  by  a 
wedge-Uke  extension,  towards  the  base,  of  the  fsmiliai "  twis- 
spots "  of'  the  species.  She  suggested  the  name  cttnagera 
a.  ab.  for  this  form.  She  also  exhibited  a  remarkable  aber- 
ration of  Mdanippe  fiwiwUa,  L.,  taken  by  Mrs.  Meldola  near 
Dunbar,  East  Lothian,  August  12,  1912,  and  now  in  Prof. 
Meldok's  collection  in  the  Hope  Department  at  Oxford. 

Sfideb  Miuic  o?  an  Amt. — Mr.  Donibthobpe  exhibited  a 
large,  very  ant-Uke,  spider  together  with  the  ant  it  mimics, 
Potyrhachia  schiatacea,  Oeis.  subsp.  rvgidosa,  Mayr.,  which  had 
been  captured  and  given  to  him  by  Mr.  Herew&rd  Dollman, 
F.E.S.,  at  Mwengwa,  N.W.  Rhodesia,  August  13,  1917.  Also 
a  small  British  beetle,  Brachonyx  pineti,  which  he  had  taken 
not  uncommonly  at  Barton  Mills,  Suffolk,  September  9,  1917. 
The  object  of  this  exhibit  was  to  show  the  close  reaemblance 
between  the  beetle  and  seeds,  and  bits  of  buds  from  the 
young  Scots  Firs  on  which  the  former  occurred.  Mr.  Donia- 
thorpe  said  this  might  be  described  as  "  Camouflage." 

Mr.  Champion  pointed  out  that  it  was  a  very  southern 
locahty  for  this  Scotch  beetle. 

Dark  Aberration  or  Hihera  pennabu. — Mr,  B.  E.  Greeh 
exhibited  an  unusual  variety  of  Himera  pennaria,  the  front 
wings  of  which  were  almost  entirely  covered  with  dark 
plumbeous  scales,  leaving  the  veins  picked  out  in  bright 
fulvous.  This  form  approaches  a  variety  of  Smwmot 
autumnaria  figured  by  South  ("  Moths  of  the  British  Isles," 
vol.  ii,  PI.  134,  fig.  9). 

CoNDmoNs  OP  Insect  Life  in  Mesopotamia. — ^Ptot 
PouLTON  said  that  he  had  recently  received  a  letter  from 
Lieut.  P.  A.  Buxton,  R.A.M.C,  contrasting  the  conditions 
encountered  in  Mesopotamia  with  those  observed  in  Africa  on 
the  voyage. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


(    Izzvii    ) 

"  This  is  a  gieat  contrast — really  deserUd  desert  most  of  it 
without  even  camel  thorn — and  cultivation,  gardens,  dates,  &c. ; 
consequently  no  insects.  Ot  course  they  may  buck  up  in 
autumn  or  spring.  The  laboratory  is  efficient :  I  am  doing 
flies,  and  have  a  great  time  running  eveiywheie  at  my  own 
sweet  will. 

"  What  strikes  one  here  is  the  extraordinary  comfort  of  life 
compared  with  what  it  must  have  been.  You  light  in  at 
some  little  desert  post  and  find  the  fans  running,  and  the 
soda  bubbling,  and  the  ice-machine  clanking  I  " 

Salt  (Chlobide  op  Sodium)  probably  sodoht  by  thb 
Hesfeotdae. — Prof.  Poulton  said  that  he  had  received  the 
following  letter  from  Mr.  S.  A.  Neave,  referring  to  the 
observations  recorded  by  Mr.  C.  0.  Farquharaon : 

"  Nov.  2&.im. 

"  As  regards  the  note  about  the  peculiar  habit  of  Bhopalo- 
campta  foreatan,  ou  p.  Ixxx  of  the  1916  Proc.  Ent.  Soc,  I 
have  seen  this  exactly  as  described  both  in  this  species,  in 
R.  pisislratus,  ¥.,  and  in  at  least  one  of  the  common  Pamaras, 
I  think  P.  fatwUus,  HopS.  I  had  not«d  in  P.  Z.  S.,  1910, 
p.  85,*  that  R.  foreatan  was  much  attracted  by  perspiration, 
but  had  not  at  that  time  seen  the  moisture  extruded  from 
the  abdomen.  In  my  case  there  could  have  been  no  question 
of  ink,  the  back  of  my  hand  oi  arm  being  the  site  selected, 
though  the  fluid  absorbed  may  have  been  mixed  with  the 
perspiration.  The  extruded  fluid  seems  to  be  usually  colour- 
less, but  in  one  case,  I  am  not  quite  sure  in  which  species, 
but  I  think  R.  pisistratvs,  it  was  of  a  miUcy  appearance." 

Mr.  Neave  had  also  informed  Prof.  Poulton  that  the 
skippers  would  often  settle  upon  the  shirt-cufi  and  there  act 
as  above  described.  Now  besides  water  the  chief  constituent 
of  perapiration,  and  the  only  one  likely  to  be  of  value  to  the 
insect,  was  salt,  while  the  observed  behaviour  strongly  sug- 
gest«d  that  it  was  some  soluble  substance  like  salt  that  was 
Bought.  Bapid  evaporation  in  the  sun  would  leave  salt  in 
concentrated  solution  or  even  dry  on  the  skin  or  in  parts  of 

DDB  a  dtting  OT 
a  attracted  by 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


{    Ixzviii    ) 

the  clothes  in  contact  with  it  and  exposed  to  the  air,  and 
the  discharge  and  re-absorption  of  a  watery  fluid  upon  such 
surfaces  would  certainly  lead  to  the  ingestion  of  salt.  Mr. 
Farquhareon'a  observation  now  probably  received  its  true 
interpretation,  the  arm  of  an  armchair  in  the  tropics  being  just 
the  place  where  salt  is  likely  to  be  produced  by  the  evapora- 
tion of  human  cutaneous  excretions.  The  dried  ink  observed 
to  be  moistened  by  a  skipper  may  have  contained  sodium 
chloride  or  some  other  salt  which  took  its  place  in  the  insect's 
estimation,  although  it  is  perhaps  more  likely  that  some 
gummy  or  sugary  substance  was  sought. 

[While  the  above  note  was  being  brought  forward  a  letter 
from  Mr.  C.  0.  Farquhateon,  written  Nov.  16,  was  on  its  way, 
containing  in  the  following  passage  the  very  same  suggestion 
as  to  the  object  of  the  habit : — 

"  By  the  way  a  medical  man  whom  I  met,  who  seemed  a 
fairly  observant  man,  told  me  that  in  his  district  a  certain 
small  Lycaenid  was  a  nuisance  (!  !}  from  its  habit  of  settling 
on  one's  hands  and  arms  to  quench  its  thirst  on  perspiration. 
I  know  of  a  smalt  Hymenopteron  [almost  certainly  the  sting- 
less  bee  Melipona]  which  has  the  same  habit  to  a  most  annoy- 
ing degree,  but  why  I  mention  this  is  that  it  recalled  to  me 
my  theory  of  the  object  of  Rhojtalocampta  forestan  when  it 
settled  on  the  arm  of  the  chair,  exuded  the  drops  of  clear 
liquid  and  finally  drank  them  up  again.  The  drops  might 
easily  have  acquired  a  certain  salinity." 

It  is  to  be  hoped  that  specimens  of  the  Lycaenid  referred  to 
may  be  sent  home  and  the  species  identified.  It  is  possible 
that  the  insect  was  a  Hesperid. 

Furthermore,  since  the  note  was  read  I  have  found  that  the 
habit  is  fully  described  by  Mr.  J.  C.  Kershaw  in  his  "  Butter- 
flies of  Hongkong,"  1907.  The  following  passage  on  p.  129 
refers  to  Pamara  gnitatus,  Bremer  and  Grey :  "  It  was 
exceedingly  common  at  Lo-fu-shan.  One  individual  lit  on 
my  hand  and  remained  for  at  least  a  minute,  bending  the  tip 
of  its  abdomen  as  if  about  to  lay  an  egg,  but  it  deposited 
drops  of  clear  liquid  which  it  eagerly  sipped  with  its  proboscis. 
It  exuded  several  drops  in  different  spots,  and  immediately 
sucked  them  dry.     This  and  other  Hesperids  may  occasion- 


n,g,i,.rjh,G00glc 


(  luil  ) 

&II7  be  obeerved  depositmg  liquid  on  leaves  and  drinloDg 
it  up."     ' 

Mr.  Kerahaw,  who  has  kindly  written,  tells  me  that  he  has 
observed  the  habit  in  all  the  species  of  Pamara  described  in 
his  book.  This  was  at  Macao,  where  the  species  aie  on  the 
wing  and  have  the  habit  all  the  year  round,  but  he  has  also 
seen  it  in  the  Malay  Islands,  Australia  and  the  West  Indies. 
He  regards  it  as  specially  characteristic  of  the  genus  Pamara. 
Uia  letter  continues  :  "  flo  doubt  when  they  do  this  in  a  hot 
climate  on  man  or  other  animals,  they  must  imbibe  a  certain 
amount  of  various  salts.  They  will  also  emit  liquid  on  any 
object  whence  they  can  re-imbibe  it.  Very  likely  they  would 
get  salts  from  various  rocks  and  stones  and  earth  when  they 
void  the  hquid  on  these,  as  I  have  often  (hundreds  of  times] 
seen  them  do. 

"  The  habit  can  scarcely  arise  from  want  of  moisture,  since 
they  merely  drink  again  what  they  have  just  voided  (-f  what- 
ever salts,  etc.,  may  have  been  taken  up  by  the  Uquid  from 
the  material  it  has  been  thrown  down  on),  and  moreover  they 
will  do  this  when  only  a  few  inches  from  a  stream  or  pool. 
There  may  be  something  in  common  with  the  habit  of  cows, 
which  will  often  drink  farmyard  manure  water  as  black  as 
ink  (and  of  course  full  of  salts)  instead  of  drinking  pure  water 
from  the  trough  close  by."] 
Mr.  E.  £.  Green  had  kindly  written  on  the  general  subject : 
"  With  regard  to  curious  feeding  habits  of  certain  butter- 
flies, I  remember  the  late  Col.  Mandeis,  on  one  of  our  collect- 
ing trips  in  Ceylon,  pointing  out  to  me  how  the  butterflies 
were  settling  on  his  bare  arm  and  hands — apparently  imbibing 
the  moisture  therefrom.  Although  I  was  in  an  equally  warm 
condition,  I  was  not  honoured  in  the  same  way.  No  butter- 
flies showed  any  attraction  for  my  skin.  Hsnders  told  me, 
at  the  time,  that  they  invariably  selected  him  in  preference 
to  others,  and  he  attributed  the  fact  to  his  having  a  gouty 
tendency.  Perhaps  you  can  find  out  from  one  of  your  medical 
friends  whether  the  perspiration  of  a  gouty  subject  contains 
any  substance  that  is  not  present  in  that  of  an  ordinary 
mortal. 
"  Do  you  think  that  the  attractive  properties  of  urine  (both 


u„,,i,Ajh,Googlc  J 


(  tal  ) 

human  and  bovine)  has  an;  connection  with  the  other  facte ! 
It  is  moBt  noticeable  in  Ceylon.  A  fellow  collector  uaed 
systematically  to  lay  a  tiap  on  the  sandy  margin  of  a  stTeam, 
to  attract  specimens  of  several  species  of  Cyaniru  (Lycaenidae). 
And  I  have  seen  large  numbers  of  migratory  PapUiog  (prin- 
cipally jason  and  tered^m)  collected  round  damp  spots  on  the 
high  road  where  the  cart  bullocks  bad  been  micturating.  I 
I  have  taken  alcibiades  under  similar  conditions;  but  this  is 
a  very  much  shyer  creature  and  never  associates  with  tke 
common  herd. 

"  I  am  sorry  that  I  cannot  speak  with  certainty  of  the 
species  that  were  feeding  on  Manders's  arm,  but  I  do  not 
think  that  they  were  Hesferidae.  I  am  almost  certain  that 
L^he  drypeiia  was  one  of  the  visitors,  and  I  think  that  Pyrameii 
cardui  was  another." 

Urea  was  a  constituent  of  perspirataon,  although  usually 
present  in  very  small  quantities,  and  it  might  well  have  been 
the  attraction  in  the  observation  recorded  by  Hr.  Green. 
Id  the  Hesperidae,  on  the  other  band,  it  seemed  more  probable 
that  the  attraction  was  salt, 

Pafiuo  folytbs  B0UULU8,  Crau.,  ?ro»  the  extreme 
SOUTH  OP  India  and  fbou  the  mainland  opposite  Sinoapoee 
Isi-AND. — Prof.  PouLTON  Said  that  he  had  recently  been  given 
the  opportunity  of  studying  a  long  series  of  P.  potytet  collected 
1906-16,  by  Mr.  J.  WiUiams  Hockin,  on  the  W.  slopes  of  the 
Ashamboo  Hills,  from  6  to  40  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Comorin. 
The  aeries,  which  was  of  great  interest  in  relation  to  the 
forms  of  the  species  recorded  from  Ceylon,  was  composed  as 
follows : — 

Males-30. 

Male-like  female  (cyrus) — 1. 
Aristolochiae-Uke  female  {polytes) — 12. 
Intermediate  female — 1. 
J7ector-like  female  (r&mvlus) — 21. 

The  single  intermediate  female  had  the  fore-wings  of  potyles 
and  the  hind-wings  of  romulus,  with  reduced  red  markings 
outside  the  cell  and  traces  of  the  pale  scales  of  poltftee  within 
it.    The  pattern  was  precisely  the  same  as  that  of  some  of 


ih,Cooi^lc 


(     IXHi      ) 

the  Bomean  females  of  P.  polyUs  theseus.  Cram.,  in  the  Hope 
Department. 

Of  the  12  pdytes  females,  4  were  the  aiichivs  form,  with 
no  whit«  in  the  hind-wing  cell,  4,  with  slight  indlcatioDB  of 
white,  were  intermediate  between  stichiva  and  polyta,  while 
4  were  potyteg.  The  ^1  romuim  females  varied  very  greatly 
in  the  development  of  the  red  markings  in  the  hind-wing. 

Although  from  the  part  of  the  mainland  that  is  very  near 
to  Ceylon,  the  differences  were  strongly  marked.  Thus,  in 
Ceylon  the  a/rus  female  was  conuderably  commoner  than 
either  mimetic  form,  while  romulvs  was  generally  looked  upon 
aa  only  rather  commoner  than  jxAytea.  Bat  in  Mr.  Hockin's 
series  romvlua  was  nearly  twice  aa  numerous  as  jiolyta,  while 
cyrut  was  apparently  much  rarer  than  either.  Again  the 
gtichiua  form  of  polytes,  almost  unknown  in  Ceylon,  was  very 
strongly  represented  in  the  exhibited  series. 

The  high  proportion  of  rotmdus  females  was  probably  to 
be  accounted  for  by  the  relative  numbers  of  the  two  models; 
for  H.  3.  Ferguson,  on  p.  446  of  his  list,*  described  ariato- 
Uxhiae  as  "  common  in  the  low  country  and  the  hills,"  but 
hector  as  "  very  common  "  in  the  same  area.  Mr.  Hockin 
agreed,  summing  up  his  experiences  as  follows :  "  I  should 
say  hector  was  decidedly  more  common  than  arialolochiae, 
though  the  latter  would  take  its  place  as  the  second  commonest 
PapiUo  all  the  year  round  over  the  widest  area  :  potyUa  would 
be  third,  but  several  lengths  behind." 

Prof.  Poulton  hoped  to  study  the  patterns  of  the  Travancore 
ariatolochiae,  as  it  was  possible  that  the  prevalence  of  stichiug 
and  gtichivs-Uke  females  might  be  thus  explained. 

Two  of  the  males,  12  romulus,  and  all  the  other  female 
forma  were  exhibited  to  the  meeting. 

Mr.  Hockin  had  kindly  described  the  character  of  the  inter- 
esting locality  in  which  he  had  collected  for  so  many  years : — 

"  Before  saying  anything  about  the  range  of  pclytes,  etc., 
I  had  better  give  you  an  account  of  the  different  belts  of 
country.  The  Ashamboo  Hills  run  parallel  with  the  coast, 
with  their  foot  at  16  to  20  miles  from  it.    The  hills  them- 

*  "  A  IM,  of  the  BntterfliM  of  TraTanoore,"  in  Journ.  Bomb.  Nat. 
Hist.  Soc.,  1891,  p.  132. 

PHOC.  BUT.  SOC.  LOND.,  n.-lV.  1917  F 


ihyCOOt^lC 


(    Izzzii    ) 

selves  aaj  be  about  6  miles  wide  on  tiieir  westem  faca  and 
less  OD  the  eastern  looking  down  on  llnneTelly,  which  is  very 
steep,  and  I  don't  think  my  men  ever  went  to  the  eastern 
face.  The  top  of  the  ridge  is  about  6000  ft.,  of  which  the 
upper  half  is  grass  with  a  few  woods  scattered  about.  At 
the  northern  end,  however,  there  is  a  big  block  of  forest  on 
a  plateau  4600  to  6000  ft.,  where  I  fancj  PapUio  tatmhna 
sod  buddha,  which  were  unknown  to  H.  S.  Ferguson  (i&idO, 
were  found.  Bat  my  men  did  not  often  go  there,  as  it  was 
far  away  with  no  inhabitantA  but  bear,  bison,  and  elephant, 
which  they  feared.  The  lower  slope  was  tall  heavy  foieet 
(trees  100  to  150  ft.  high),  with  dense  bamboo  jungle  at  the 
foot.  This  bamboo  jungle  (Bamboo  mixed  with  trees  such 
as  Blackwood,  Iny  and  other  trees  about  the  height  and 
habit  of  EngUeh  trees)  extends  some  6  miles  from  the  foot 
of  the  hill  and  is  succeeded  by  rounded  hills  of  laterite,  200 
to  300  ft.  high,  with  rice-fields  in  the  hollows  and  grass-fields 
OD  the  higher  land.  These  grass-Gelds  have  cactus  hedges  and 
hedge-row  trees  of  Palmyra,  Jack,  Banyan  sod  Mango  and  also 
leguminous  trees  grown  for  leaf  manure  for  the  paddy-fields. 
Further  out  in  drier  country  are  Tamarind  and  Neem  or 
Murgossa  trees.  On  the  last  belt,  next  to  Tinnevelly  and  about 
7  miles  wide,  comes  a  very  dry  area  (similar  to  Tinnevelly 
country) ;  where  only  Palmyra,  Tamarind,  Neem,  and  Babul 
trees  grow  with  Cactus  hedges  round  grass-fields.  These  fields 
are  sometimes  planted  with  peas  in  the  moonsoon,  and  hone- 
grain  in  October  to  December  in  all  but  the  very  dry  belt. 
In  the  wetter  part  nearer  the  hills  low  scrub  jungle  grew  up 
wherever  there  was  no  cultivation,  and  this  was  felled  and 
planted  with  tapioca  for  two  years,  then  left  to  grow  scrub 
again  for  two  or  three  years.  Sometimes  hill  rice  or  other 
grain  was  sown  for  one  year  on  tJie  cleared  land,  or  it  was 
put  permanently  under  Plantain  or  Banana  trees. 

"  Annual  rainfall  ISO  to  200  inches,  over  2000  ft. ;  90  inches 
at  -foot  of  hills  and  6  miles  out,  falling  to  30  inches  in  middle 
of  cultivated  tract,  and  16  inches  in  very  dry  be!t.  In  Tinne- 
velly town,  40  miles  E.  of  Travancore  boundary,  it  is  13 
inches.  This  applies  only  to  the  20  miles  at  the  S.  end  of 
the  Ashamboo  Hills  when  I  collected. 


u,y,i,A"jM,Googlc 


(    Ixzziii    ) 

"  Moat  of  the  PapUioninae  and  big  NymphtUtnae  were 
found  in  the  lower  half  of  the  hills  and  the  bamboo  jungle  at 
their  foot.  P.  hector,  arislolochitu  and  ■polyteii,  however,  were 
plentiful  all  over  the  cultivated  part  with  hedgerow  trees, 
except  in  the  very  dry  belt.  P.  entAont'tu  and  agamemnon 
were  common  in  the  wetter  half  of  the  cultivated  belt. 
P.  diisirmiu  is  the  only  one  I  remember  on  the  higher  grass 
over  2600  ft.  (except  perhaps  tamlana  and  bvddha  in  forest 
at  that  heigKt  on  the  oorthem  plat«au).  I  used  constantly 
to  see  P.  hector,  onale  and  female,  flying  in  cop.,  one  flying 
and  carrying  the  other,  whose  wings  were  closed.  It  is  so 
difficult  to  tell  Tomvita  $  from  hector,  and  polyUs  $  from 
Ofitltiockiae,  when  flying  that  I  am  afraid  I  can't  add  anything 
as  to  their  frequency  from  observation  to  what  the  numbers 
in  the  collection  will  tell  you.  The  same  applies  to  ci/rut  $ 
fuid  the  males  of  potytes.  As  to  damage  by  birds  1  had 
better  go  through  all  my  damaged  specimens  later  and  write 
you  separately  about  that.  The  chief  preyers  on  butterflies 
were  bee-eaters  (especially  the  blue-tailed  and  chestnut-headed 
species)  and  drongos.  We  used  often  to  And  wings  of  heOor 
under  a  tree.  By  the  bye,  I  think  I  can  account  for  Fer- 
guson calling  P.  momtiM  very  rare.  1  only  once  saw  it  in 
September — otherwise  only  in  March  to  May.  The  latter  is 
the  unhealthy  season  when  cofFee  planters  stopped  work  and 
went  for  a  holiday,  and  no  one  who  was  not  obliged  to 
went  into  the  malarious  belt  at  the  foot  of  the  hills.  Now 
we  were  building  a  big  dam  then,  which  took  us  four  years 
to  build,  and  we  did  most  of  the  work  in  March  to  May 
because  there  was  no  cultivation  then  and  labour  was 
plentiful." 

H.  8.  Ferguson  {ibid.,  p.  446)  also  gave  the  range  of  polytes 
in  nearly  the  same  words  as  those  used  for  ite  models,  speak- 
ing of  it  as  "  common  in  the  low  country  and  up  to  2000  ft. 
on  the  hills.    The  three  forms  of  the  female  occur." 

Prof.  Poulton  also  exhibited  a  female  of  the  cyrua  form, 
unfortanately  the  only  example  of  this  sex  in  a  litUe  series 
sent  by  Dr.  R.  Hanltsch  in  continuation  of  that  described  in 
our  Proceedings  for  the  present  year,  p.  xxx.  The  specimen 
was  taken  in  Johore  on  July  19,  I9I7.    Accompanying  it 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


(    IxxziT    } 

were  3  malee  taken  oD  tlie  same  day,  1  on  July  17,  4  on 
June  29,  and  3  in  May.  Dt.  Hanitech  hoped  to  aecnie  a  long 
series  in  August,  bo  that  data  would  be  available  foi  estimating 
the  proportions  of  the  two  female  forms. 

Tbb  Myhabid  Carafhractus  cinctus  taxen  at  Oxford 
IN  1917. — Prof.  PoDLTON  read  the  following  communication 
by  Mr.  A.  H.  Hamm  of  the  Hope  Department,  and  exhibited 
examples  of  the  specimens  referred  to  : — 

"  It  ia  so  long  since  any  record  of  the  captuie  of  Cara- 
phradue  dncttis,  Hal.  {Polynema  natant,  Lubbock),  has  been 
made  that  a  few  notes  on  its  occunence  neat  Oxfoid  may  not 
be  without  interest. 

"  On  September  22  last,  my  friend  and  colleague  Mr.  H. 
Britten  and  I  weie  '  fishing '  for  Anopheles  larvae  and  pupae 
in  small  clay-holes  in  a  brick-field  in  the  Kimmeridge  Clay  on 
the  west  side  of  Shotover  Hill,  near  Oxfoid.  When  sorting 
over  oui  captures  in  the  evening  we  were  surprised  to  find  we 
had  both,  quite  accidentally,  taken  C.  dnclua.  We  kept  the 
specimens  alive  for  a  few  days  in  order  to  observe  their  mode 
of  progression  in  the  water.  A  week  later,  on  September  29, 
we  again  visited  the  same  ponds  fully  prepared  to  obtain 
more,  if  possible,  of  this  interesting  insect;  in  this  we  wete 
entirely  successful,  and  between  us  we  took  over  twenty 
individuals  of  both  sexes,  all,  without  exception,  obtained 
from  a  very  small  clay-hole  of  about  two  square  yards  in 
area.  On  October  6  Mr.  Britten  went  alone  to  the  same 
Uttle  pond  and  again  succeeded  in  taking  s  fair  number  of 
both  sexes.  The  next  visit  was  not  until  October  20,  when 
I  went  alone,  and  found  them  as  before  in  some  numben. 
We  visited  the  same  pond  together,  for  the  last  time,  on 
October  27,  but  on  this  occasion,  after  spending  an  hour  oi 
more,  we  could  only  find  two  individuals,  one  alive  and  the 
other  dead. 

"  On  each  occasion  we  took  the  insects  home  alive  in  the 
jar  containing  our  other  aquatic  captures,  and  then  tuined 
the  contents  into  a  shallow  saucer,  in  order  to  sort  over  the 
material  obtained.  It  was  on  one  of  these  occasions  that  a 
number  of  the  Caraphractua  were  observed  to  come  to  the 
surface  of  the  water  and  fly  very  rapidly  from  side  to  side  of 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


(     IXZXT      ) 

the  sancer,  just  skinuniiig  the  suriace  of  the  water,  in  the 
manner  of  a  frightened  watet-fowl  each  as  the  Grebe. 

"  Their  progression  under  water— comparatively  slow,  and 
effected  by  means  of  a  series  of  jerks — was  clearly  due  to 
flying  rather  than  swinuning,  but  they  also  made  use  of  their 
legs,  the  posterior  pair  being  kicked  out  behind  simultaneously 
with  the  movement  of  the  wings. 

"  We  found  that  individuals  kept  in  confinement  always 
preferred  to  crawl  about  among  the  Spirogtfra  in  prefeienca 
to  any  other  water  plant.  Several  were  kept  alive  by  Mr, 
Britten  for  about  a  week. 

"  One  male  was  observed  to  make  an  unsuccessful  attempt 
to  pair  with  a  female  on  the  suriace  of  the  water,  by  climbing 
on  to  her  back.  A  Corethra  larva  once  seized  a  male  by  his 
legs  and  held  on  for  some  time  until  induced  to  leave  go  by 
means  of  a  camel's-hair  brush. 

"  The  small  pond  or  clay-holein  which  all  the  examples,  except 
one,  were  taken,  contained  the  usual  common  aquatic  insects  in 
abundance,  and  the  vegetation  was  also  of  the  usual  pond  type. 

"  The  occurrence  of  this  species  so  late  in  the  season  is 
interesting,  as  those  taken  by  Lubbock*  were  obtained  in 
Angust,  and  for  those  recorded  by  Button  f  and  Enock  }  the 
month  is  not  given." 

Mendelun  Hebsdipy  in  relation  to  selection. — Prof. 
PooLTON  drew  attention  to  two  recent  papers  by  Prof.  H.  S. 
Jennings  of  Baltimore,  D.8.A. :  (1)  "  Observed  Changes  in 
Hereditary  Characters  in  Relation  to  Evolution  "  {Jouni. Wash- 
ington Acad.  Sci.,  vol.  vii.  No.  10.  May  19,  1917,  p.  281),  and 
(2)  "  Modifying  Factors  and  Multiple  Allelomorphs  in  Relation 
to  the  Results  of  Selection  "  (American  Naturalist,  vol.  li, 
May,  1917,  p.  301).  In  (1)  the  author,  referring  to  the  dis- 
coveries of  the  French  botanist  Jordan  and  to  the  work  of 
Johannsen  on  "  pure  lines,"  expressed  the  conclusions  to 
which  many  naturalists  have  been  led,  viz.  "  that  most  of 
the  heritable  difierences  observed  between  closely  related 
organisms — between   the  members  of  a  given  species,   for 

■  T»iu.  Linn.  8do.,  1863,  vol.  zzvi,  p.  13S. 

t  Journ.  Quebett  Micros.  Club,  1S04-T,  voL  vl,  ier.  II,  p.  US. 

i  Joum.  Qnekett  Hicroa.  Gab,  ISM-T,  voL  vi,  tat.  U,  p.  276. 


ih,  Google 


(    Ixxzri    ) 

example — ai«  not  variaUoits  in  the  senae  of  alterations;  are 
not  active  changes  in  constitution,  but  aie  pennanent  diver- 
aities ;  they  are  static,  not  dynamic.  ...  All  thorough  work 
has  led  directly  to  this  resolt :  that  any  species  or  kind  of 
organism  ia  made  up  of  a  very  great  number  of  diverse  stocks, 
differing  from  each  other  in  miiiut«  partjculais,  but  the 
diversities  inherited  from  generation  to  generation."  These 
facts  were  particularly  evident  in  the  Protozoa,  reproducing 
by  a  single  parent,  as  shown  in  Prof.  Jennings's  researches  on 
Paramoecium  and  Diffiugia,  both  of  which  were  "  found  to 
consist  of  a  large  number  of  such  heritably  diverse  stocks,  each 
stock  showing  within  itself  many  variations  that  are  not 
heritable."  Selection  might  indeed  operate,  but  it  was  the 
selection  of  diversities  that  were  already  present,  and  thus 
led  to  no  new  steps  in  evolution.  [Just  as  it  was  shown  on 
p.  Izxxi  that  a  Bomean  mimetic  female  form  of  PapUio  polytet 
was  present  as  a  very  rare  variety  in  Travancore,  so  it  might 
be  held  that  all  mimetic  'patt«ma  of  the  species  were  also 
present  and  could  be  made  predominant  by  selection  without 
requiring  any  new  stop  in  evolution.]  "  Variations  .  .  .  were 
not  variations  at  all,  in  the  sense  of  steps  in  evolution ;  they 
were  mere  instances  of  the  static  condition  of  diversity  that 
everywhere  prevails." 

Well  might  the  author  conclude  "  in  these  days  of  plots 
and  spies,  the  evolutionieta  might  almost  feel  that  the  enemy 
had  crept  into  their  citadel  and  was  blowing  it  up  from 
within."  But  of  course  naturalists  do  not  maintain  that 
changes  never  take  place :  "  they  admit  that  muUUioiu 
occur";  that  the  permanent  germinal  constitution  or  geno- 
type "  may  at  rare  intervals  transform,  as  a  given  chemical 
compound  may  transform  into  another  and  diverse  com- 
pound." A  favourite  theory  of  evolution  nuiy  be  outlined 
thus :  "  Organisms  forming  a  multitude  of  diverse  strains 
with  diverse  genotypes;  the  genotype  a  moaaic  of  parts  that 
are  recombined  in  Mendelisn  inheritance;  selection  a  men 
process  of  isolating  and  recombining  what  already  exists; 
large  changes  occurring  at  rare  intervals,  through  the  drop- 
ping out  of  bits  of  the  mosaic,  or  through  their  complete 
chemical  transformation;  evolution  by  saltations." 


u„,,i,A  J..,  Google 


(    IxxxTii    ) 

The  author  pointa  out  the  difSculty  involved  in  the  very 
eziatence  of  the  minute  Bti&ius,  which  must  surely  have  ariaen 
at  some  time  or  other,  and  aiiaen  "  not  by  saltations,  for  the 
difierencea  between  the  etiaina  go  down  to  the  very  limita 
of  detectibility."  Then  there  ia  the  difliculty  of  "complex 
adaptive  etnictures,  such  as  the  eye." 

Therefore  many  inveatigatoTs  could  not  feel  satisfied  with 
the  favouiite  theory  and  have  been  "  looking  for  something 
besides  saltations  as  a  basis  for  evolution;  looking  for  here- 
ditary changes  that  would  permit  a  continuity  in  transforma- 
tion." Among  these  investigators  W.  K.  Castle  has  been 
searching  in  the  phenomena  of  biparental  inheritance,  H.  F. 
Osbom  in  the  records  of  palaeontology,  and  the  author  in 
organisms  subject  to  uniparental  reproduction.  In  this  latter 
"  we  meet  the  problem  of  inheritance  and  variation  in  its 
umplest  form ;  for  there  is  nothing  which  complicates  genetic 
problems  so  enormously  as  does  the  continual  mixing  of 
diverse  stocks  in  biparental  inheritance.  In  uniparental  re- 
production we  have  but  one  genotjrpe  to  deal  with;  we  can 
be  certfun  that  no  hereditary  characters  are  introduced  from 
outside  that  genotype." 

Accepting  as  a  foundation  the  facte  already  mentioned  "  as 
to  the  make-up  of  the  species  out  of  a  great  number  of  diverse 
stocks;  as  to  the  usual  eSecte  of  selection  being  nothing 
save  the  isolation  of  such  pre-existing  stocks,"  the  author 
undertook  "  a  most  extensive  and  intendve  study  of  heredity, 
of  variation,  and  of  the  eSecte  of  selection  for  long  periods  " 
within  a  single  stock  of  a  favourable  organism.  This  he 
found  in  the  Rtuzopod  Diffiugia  corona,  which  has  "  numerous 
distinctive  charactere,  all  congenitel;  all  inherited  in  a  high 
degree;  yet  varying  from  patent  to  ofispring  also;  none  of 
these  characters  changed  by  growth  or  environmental  action 
during  the  life  of  the  individual." 

"  Long-continued  work  showed  that  a  single  strain  of  this 
animal,  all  derived  by  fission  from  a  single  parent,  does 
difierentiato  gradually,  with  the  passage  of  generations,  into 
many  hereditarily  diverse  strains."  While  these  variations 
"  arose  in  some  few  cases  by  rather  large  steps,  or '  saltations,' " 
"  the  immense  majority  were  minute  gradations.    Variation  is 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


(    Izzzviii    ) 

u  continuous  as  can  be  detected."  Variation  occurred  la 
many  diverse  cbaiacteis  and  gave  rise  to  many  diverse  com- 
binations of  chaiact«T8.  "  Any  set  of  chaiacters  might  v&tj 
independently  of  the  rest.  The  hereditary  variations  which 
arose  were  of  just  such  a  nature  as  to  produce  from  a  single 
strain  the  hereditarily  different  strains  that  are  found  in  nature. " 
After  giving  an  account  of  these  results  obtained  from  an 
organism  with  uniparental  reproduction,  the  author  briefly 
refers  to  Osbom'a  palaeontological  evidence  "  for  evolution 
by  minute  continuous  variations  which  follow  a  single  definite 
trehd,"  and  to  Castle's  evidence  that  "  in  rats  he  can,  by 
selection,  gradually  tucrease  or  decrease  the  amount  of  color 
in  the  coat,  passing  by  continuous  stages  from  one  extreme 
to  the  other,"  the  change  being  "  an  actual  change  in  the 
hereditary  characteristics  of  the  stock;  and  not  a  mere  result 
of  the  recombination  of  Mendelian  factors."  From  this 
point  the  author  proceeds  to  a  critical  examination  of  results 
obtained  by  T.  H.  Morgan  and  his  associates  upon  a  species 
which  comes  directly  within  the  survey  of  the  Entomological 
Society,  viz.  the  fruit-fly  Drosophila.  The  species  has  normally 
a  red  eye,  but  in  the  few  years  during  which  these  researches 
have  been  conducted  it  has  come  to  present  "  seven  grada- 
tions of  color  between  white  and  red,  each  gradation  heritable 
in  the  normal  Mendelian  manner " — "  red,  blood,  cherry, 
eosin,  buS,  tinged,  whit«."  "  Three  of  these  grades  have 
been  discovered  in  the  last  five  months.  It  would  not  require 
a  bold  prophet  to  predict  that  as  the  yeaia  pass  we  shall 
come  to  know  more  of  these  gradations,  till  all  detectible 
differences  of  shade  have  been  distinguished,  and  each  shown 
to  be  inherited  as  a  Mendelian  unit.  Conwdering  that  the 
work  on  Droaophiia  has  been  going  on  only  about  seven  or 
eight  years,  this  is  remarkable  progiess  toward  a  demon- 
stration that  a  single  unit  factor  can  present  as  many  grades 
as  can  be  distinguished.  .  .  ."  But  this  is  not  all.  As  regards 
the  middle  member  of  the  series  of  eye  colonrs,  eosin,  Bridges 
has  found  seven  modifying  factore,  each  of  which  alters  ita 
intensity  and  gives  rise  to  a  secondary  grade  of  colour.  Now 
each  of  these  modifying  factors  are  described  "  specifically  as 
mutations;  as  actual  changes  in  the  hereditary  material." 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


(    Izxziz    ) 

The  reeultfl  are  summarised  as  follows  :  "  In  DrotophUa  there 
occur  mmuto  chaagee  in  the  germinal  material,  such  as  to 
give,  so  far  as  our  present  imperfect  knowledge  goes,  seven 
diverse  grades  of  a  color  which  is  itself  only  one  grade  of 
another  series  of  seven  known  grades.  By  means  of  these 
graded  changes  one  could  obtain,  by  the  mutationist's  own 
statement,  the  continuously  graded  lesulte  which  selection 
actually  gives.    What  more  can  the  selectionist  ask  ?  " 

As  the  author  remarks  in  paper  (2),  "  The  work  in  Men- 
delism,  and  particularly  the  work  on  DrosophUa,  is  supplying 
a  complete  foundation  for  evolution  through  the  accumulation 
by  selection  of  minute  gradations.  We  have  got  far  away 
from  the  old  notion  that  hereditary  changes  consist  only  in 
the  dropping  out  of  complete  units,  or  that  they  are  bound  to 
occur  in  lai^  steps.  .  .  .  The  objections  raised  by  the  muta- 
tionists  to  gradual  change  through  selection  are  breaking  down 
as  a  result  of  the  thoroughness  of  the  mutationists*  own  studies." 
The  importance  of  Mendelism  as  an  aid  to  selection  is 
insisted  on  in  the  same  paper.  "  Hereditary  variations,  such 
as  give  rise  to  the  multiple  allelomorphs  and  multiple  modify- 
ing factors,  occur  in  some  organisms  rather  infrequently,  as 
measured  by  the  time  scale  of  human  happenings.  If  there 
were  no  interchange  of  factors  among  individuals  and  stocks, 
it  would  take  a  long  time  to  obtain  in  one  individual  all  the 
tax  diluteis  of  the  eosin  color  of  the  DrosopkUa  eye;  one 
arises  in  one  individual,  another  in  another.  But  by  selective 
cross-breeding  it  is  possible  to  bring  together  into  one  stock 
all  the  modifiers  that  have  been  produced  in  diverse  stocks. 
Mendelism  acts  as  a  tremendous  accelerator  to  the  efiectiveness 
of  selection." 

Betuming  to  paper  (1),  the  author  finally  concludes  that 
"  Evolution  according  to  the  typical  Darwinian  scheme, 
through  the  occurrence  of  many  small  variations  and  their 
guidance  by  natural  selection,  is  perfectly  consistent  with 
what  experimental  and  palaeontological  studies  show  us ;  to 
me  it  appears  more  consistent  with  the  data  than  does  any 
other  theory." 

A  VEBY  ANCIENT  BEETLE. — The  Fkesident  exhibited  a 
specimen  of  a  Carabid  Beetle,  Calovoma  Tvgoaum,  de  Geer, 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


(  »  ) 

found  in  the  stomach  of  the  mumm}'  of  an  Ibis,  the  date 
of  which  was  reckoned  to  be  about  1600  B.C.  Foi  compariaon 
a  modern  specimen  of  the  same  species  was  shown,  no 
difierence  between  them  being  visible. 

Pupation  of  Geotrupes  typhobus. — Mr,  Hugh  Hain 
exhibited  a  series  of  lantern  slides  illuattating  the  metamor- 
phoses of  Geotrupea  typhoeta  {Plates  G,  H,  J). 

He  said  that  as  he  had  wished  to  observe  the  life-history 
of  Q.  typhoeus  he  collected  a  number  of  the  beetles  in  the 
autumn  of  1915.  They  were  more  easily  dug  up  in  their 
usual  localities  before  hibernation,  as  in  the  spring  they  were 
generally  at  a  much  greater  distance  below  the  surface  of 
the  ground.  After  remaining  quiescent  through  December, 
they  showed  signs  of  activity  in  Januaiy  (1916),  and  were 
separated  into  pairs,  which  were  placed  in  Subterraria  filled 
with  fresh  sand,  together  with  some  food  conusting  of  horse- 
or  cow-dung  at  the  top.  Although  rabbits'  pellets  or  those 
of  the  sheep  or  deer  are  perhaps  the  usual  food,  be  had  fre- 
quently found  Uie  beetles  under  the  droppings  of  horses  and 
cattle.  The  "  Subterrarium  "  is  an  observation  cage  which 
he  had  devised  for  the  purpose  of  following  the  life-bistory 
of  insects  whose  activities  were  carried  on  under  the  surface 
of  the  earth.  It  consists  essentially  of  two  vertical  sheets  of 
glass  fixed  half  an  inch,  or  more  or  less  as  required,  apart, 
the  intervening  space  being  filled  with  earth  or  sand,  into  which 
the  insects  burrow. 

Before  the  end  of  Januaiy  1916  a  number  of  shafts  were 
made  by  the  beetles  in  several  of  the  cages.  A  quantity  of 
food  was  carried  down  and  packed  into  each  shaft,  an  egg 
having  previously  been  deposited  in  the  sand  about  half  an 
inch  from  the  first  layer  of  the  food.  Each  food-maaa  was 
about  five  inches  long,  and  was  followed  by  a  plug  of  sand 
about  two  inches  long.  After  the  first  was  completed,  a 
second  shaft  was  sunk  from  just  above  the  first  plug  of  sand, 
and  then  a  third  and  fourth. 

Three  such  shafts  ate  shown  in  Plate  G,  fig.  2,  that  on  the 
right  being  the  first  made,  then  the  middle  one,  and  finally  the 
left  one.  The  beetles  were  then  removed,  bo  that  their  further 
excavations  should  not  disturb  the  work  already  completed. 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


PLATE  G. 

1.  D!/ti»ms    mtrgindlis.    Empty    larval    skin    from    pupation 

chamber;  natural  aize. 

2.  Subterrarium  with  three  full-fed  larvae  of  Qtolnijiet  typhoeui 

in  their  pupation  chambers ;  reduced. 

3.  O.  tgphorut,  larva,  full-fed ;  nrarjj'  natural  nize. 

4.  0.  li/phoeus,  pupa,  S,  recently  disclOBed ;  nearly  natural  size. 


PLATE  H. 
0<atrupea  typhoeus. 

1.  Lorvs,  full-fed,  in  pupation  chamber,  a 

2.  Pupa,  $,  rec^tly  diaclosed. 
Both  about  natural  size. 


1.  Pupa,  $,  mature. 
Both  about  natural  si 


PLATE  J. 
Qeotrupta  tyyhoeue. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


i 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Prac.  Em.  Sot.  LoitJ.,    1917. 


I 


Hugh  Main,   FhtU.  Ha'l-  Tetii  Enf.fCo^l 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


»f.  Eiit.  Sot.  l.ond.,    1917. 


Ear.  Cc.  Uii. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


Prac.  Enl.  Soc.  Land..    1917. 


Hugh  Main,  Phtlt.  Half-  Tarn  LHg.   Co.  Ud. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


(    »i    ) 

The  joimg  larvae  were  first  Been  about  the  end  of  February, 
and  they  ate  their  way  to  the  top  of  their  food-mass  and 
then  back  again  to  their  starting-point,  which  was  only 
reached  in  August  1917,  when  they  were  fall-fed.  EUtch  then 
formed  an  oval  pupation  chamber  in  the  sand  beyond  the  old 
food-mass,  and  then  lay  on  its  back  to  await  pupation.  The 
larva  does  not  possess  the  stridulatory  apparatus  which  occurs 
on  the  second  and  third  lege  of  the  other  members  of  the 
genus  Oeotrupeg.  Probably  the  continental  coleopterists  are 
well  advised  in  placing  tyffuxvs  in  a  separate  genua  (Miwh 
taunis)  OS  account  of  the  morphological  peculiarities  of  the  larva. 

The  larvae  pupated  towards  the  end  of  August,  and  the 
imagines  appeared  in  September.  The  pupa  is  quite  white  at 
firet,  but  the  ejres  soon  darken  and  then  the  legs  and  thorax. 
The  elytra  of  the  newly  disclosed  beetle  are  quit«  white,  and 
pass  through  various  shades  of  brown  to  jet  black. 

I^ck  of  time  and  opportunity  in  the  present  circumstances 
prevented  detailed  observations  being  made  as  desired,  but, 
having  seen  the  various  successive  stages  as  they  appeared 
and  being  prepared  for  them,  it  should  be  easy  in  more 
peaceful  times  to  repeat  the  experiment  and  to  note  carefully 
the  exceedingly  interesting  operations  carried  out  in  full  view 
in  the  Subterrarium.  M.  H.  Fabie  has  written  a  graphic 
account  of  the  life-histories  of  a  number  of  the  Dung  Beetles, 
but  his  volaries  did  not  allow  him  to  see  actually  what  was 
going  on  underground,  and  some  of  his  conclusions  are  not 
confirmed  by  observations  made  in  the  Subterraria. 

In  answer  to  a  question  by  the  Pbesident,  Hr.  Main  said 
that  possibly  the  purpose  of  the  stridulation  was  to  warn 
away  earthworms,  which  have  a  dislike  to  vibration.       * 

Larva  of  Cbakbocampa  elfbhor. — Mr.  Main  also  showed 
two  sbdes  of  the  larva  of  C,  dpmor,  one  at  rest,  and  one  in 
its  so-called  "  threatening  "  attitude  after  being  disturbed. 
In  reply  to  a  question  by  Piof .  Pottlton  he  said  that  the  larva 
did  not  adopt  that  attitude  while  on  the  food-plant. 

MltOCBY    m    CERTAIN    BuTTSRrLIES    OF    NeW    GuINBA. — 

Dr.  F.  A.  DixEY  exhibit«d  some  drawings  of  butterflies 
illustrative  of  his  paper  on  this  subject,  of  which  he  gave 
the  following  abstract: — 


n,g,t,7.dhvG00glc  J 


(    «ii    ) 

The  iesemblanc«  between  the  Pierme  Huphina  abnormu 
and  a  form  of  the  NTtuphaline  genua  Mynes  waa  remarked  by 
Wallace  more  than  fifty  years  ago;  and  in  later  times  an 
even  closeT  likeness  has  been  found  to  exist  between  the 
Huphina  and  one  or  more  species  of  the  Fierine  genus  Ddiat. 
The  superficial  lesemblanca  is  so  great  as  to  have  misled  good 
lepidopterista  as  to  the  actual  a£Bnitiea  of  these  fonns;  and 
great  confusion  has  prevailed  with  regard  to  their  relative 
position  in  a  systematic  series.  The  mistakes  thus  started 
have  not  been  confined  to  the  species  originally  concerned,  but 
have  extended  to  other  forms  of  a  more  or  less  similar  aspect. 

On  the  evidence  of  neuration,  scent-scales  and  genitalia, 
there  is  no  doubt  that  Wallace's  aimormis  is  neither  a  TiuAyris 
nor  a  Delias.  The  same  is  true  of  Honrath'a  euryxantka, 
which  may  possibly  be  conspecific  with  abnormis.  The  afSnit/ 
of  these  two  Pierine  forms,  as  was  first  recognised  by  von 
Mitis,  is  with  Moore's  genus  Huphina,  of  which  they  may  be 
considered  to  form  a  subordinate  section,  characterised  by 
slight  peculiarities  of  structure.  The  same  combination  of 
black  and  scarlet  as  in  H.  abnormit  is  presented  by  the 
underside  of  the  male  of  Ddiaa  irma,  Fruhst. ;  though  here, 
there  being  no  white  fore-wing  area,  the  resemblance  to  D. 
omylion  and  B.  abnormis  applies  only  to  the  attitude  of  the 
latter  forms  during  complete  rest.  There  is  do  scarlet  sub- 
marginal  series  in  D.  irma,  nor  in  D.  omytion  from  Western 
New  Quinea;  but  as  the  range  of  D.  irma  does  not  appear 
to  extend  to  the  latter  region,  no  particular  significance  can 
be  atteched  to  this  fact. 

While  H.  abnormis  thus  approaches  the  aspect  of  one  group 
of  Delias,  the  closely  allied,  or,  as  some  tHnk,  conspecific 
H.  euryxantha  bears  considerable  resemblance  to  another; 
viz.  the  group  formed  by  Delias  mysis,  Fabr.,  and  its  near 
allies,  particularly  the  New  Guinea  subspecies  D.  lara,  Boisd. 
With  regard  to  Mynes  doryca,  Butl.,  it  is  observable  that  the 
scarlet  mark  on  the  fore-wing  corresponds  roughly  with  that 
on  the  hind-wing  of  H.  abnormis,  and  vice  vertd. 

The  resemblance  between  these  forms  extends  in  many 
cases  to  the  upper  as  well  as  to  the  under  surface;  thongb 
here  it  is  naturally  less  striking,  being  merely  a  < 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lc 


(    xdii    ) 

vendon  of  a  usual  lieriue  pattern.  It  U,  however,  remarkable 
that  Mynet,  a  yyinphaliiie,  should  possess  an  upper  surface 
BO  strongly  Pierine  io  aspect.  A  further  point  of  interest  is 
the  fact  that  Nepheronia  jobaea,  Boisd.  3,  the  only  member  of 
its  genus  to  reach  New  Guinea,  shows  on  its  upperside  a 
UkeneBB  to  Mynet  doryca,  which  may  extend  even  to  the  tint 
of  the  pale  ground-colour;  while  its  underside,  though  without 
red  n[iarkings,  is  somewhat  suggestive  of  a  Ddias. 

How  far  the  principle  of  mimicry  enters  into  these  com- 
binations may  of  course  be  questioned.  That  it  has  some 
influence  can  hardly  be  doubted.  More  information  as  to  the 
bionomics  of  the  forms  referred  to  would  be  very  welcome; 
especially  with  regard  to  their  distribution  and  habite. 


DtpiUtna.  X  75. 

A  NOncUBLX  DiPFBBBHCB  m  THB  AnTBNHAB  Or  CL09ELT 
SSLATSD  Species. — Mr.  Green  showed  (on  the  Epidiascope) 
an  enlarged  drawing  of  single  joints  of  the  male  antennae  of 
Sybemia  defdiiaria  and  H.  aUTanliaria,  and  pointed  out  the 


u„,,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


{    xoiv    ) 

Btructiml  difFeiences  between  the  antennae  of  these  cloMly 
allied  species.  In  defoliaria  the  pinnae  are  very  short,  but 
there  are  two  paiia  on  each  joint;  whereas  aurantiaria  (with 
the  remaining  British  members  of  the  genus)  hae  a  single 
pair  of  elongated  pinnae  on  each  joint.  A  pieparation  of  the 
two  antennae  was  exhibited  under  the  microscope. 

The  Rev.  F.  D.  Horice  and  other  Fellowa  gave  parallel 
instances  of  difierence  of  antermae  in  the  case  of  closely  ielat«d 
iDsects. 

Papers. 

The  following  papers  wero  read : — 

"  Descriptions  of  new  species  of  Staphylinidae  from  Singa- 
pore," by  Malcolm  Caubron,  M.D.,  R.N.,  F.E.S. 

"  Goleoptera  of  the  Families  Oatomidae,  Monotomidae, 
Colydiidae  and  Notiophyaidae  from  the  Seychelles  and  AMabra 
Islands,"  by  the  late  Antoihe  Grodtelle;  communicated 
by  HuQH  Scott,  M.A.,  F.L.8.,  F.E.S. 

Discuision. 

In  accordance  with  the  Resolution  passed  at  the  meeting 
on  Nov.  Ist,  a  discussion  took  place  on  Sir  George  Hampeon'a 
method  of  taking  the  first  species  mentioned  by  the  author  of 
a  genus  aa  the  type,  without  reference  to  the  action  of  subse- 
quent authors  in  fixing  types. 

In  opening  the  discussion  the  President  said  that  he  had, 
in  accordance  with  the  Resolution,  invited  Sir  George  Hamp- 
son  to  be  present  and  to  state  his  views,  but  had  received  a 
letter  in  reply,  which  he  read,  saying  that  he  was  unable  to 
be  present,  but  that  a  statement  of  his  views  was  given  in 
the  "  Novitetes  Zoologicae,"  and  in  a  paper  which  he  hoped 
would  be  printed  in  time  to  send  a  copy  to  the  meeting.  The 
President  read  the  first  statement  referred  to,  but  said  that 
he  had  not  received  the  other  paper. 

Prof.  PooLTOM  read  a  further  statement  from  Sir  George 
Uampson,  but  took  no  part  in  the  discussion. 

Sir  George  Hahpson  sent  the  following  remarks  with 
regard  to  the  use  of  the  name  Tinea : — 

"  The  position  ia  this  : 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


(  «w  ) 

"  The  Clothes-moths  were  called  Tinea  by  all  authors  pre- 
vious  to  Lmnffius,  but  1758  ttob  arbitrarily  fixed  as  the 
date  of  the  commencement  of  Zoological  nomenclature,  and 
Linneua  unfortunately  described  Tinea  from  the  wrong 
species ;  therefore  either  the  foundation  of  Zoological  nomen- 
clature must  be  abandoned  oi  the  use  of  Tinea  altered. 

"  I  stated  the  dilemma  to  Mr.  B.  Meyrick,  whose  only 
reply  was  that  '  types  were  made  for  science,  and  not  science 
for  types,'  i.  e.  he  acknowledged  the  facts,  but  thought  they 
ehoold  be  ignored." 

He  also  asked,  "  Why  are  Scopoli's  genera  for  Butterflies 
in  1777  ignored  1 "  and  gave  a  list  of  these  genera  and  of  the 
names  they  would  displace. 

Dr.  O.  A.  E.  Marshall  pointed  out  that,  is  contrast  with 
the  haphazard  method  of  the  earlier  zoologists  of  applying  to 
animals  such  scientific  names  as  they  thought  fit,  without 
regard  to  the  names  used  by  other  workers,  our  modem 
system  of  nomenclature  has  been  built  up  on  the  principle 
that  all  valid  systematic  work  done  by  earlier  anthore  must 
be  recognised.  With  this  principle,  the  so-called  "  law  of 
priority,"  the  method  adopted  by  Sir  Qeorge  Hampson,  in 
oppositaon  to  all  other  entomologists,  is  in  direct  conflict ;  for 
in  defining  the  older  genera  he  has  assumed  the  first  species 
mentioned  by  the  original  author  to  be  the  tjrpe,  and  has  com- 
pletely ignored  the  subsequent  revisions  of  such  genera  by 
other  systematiste.  No  adequate  reason  has  been  offered  for 
this  arbitrary  innovation,  except  that  it  will  relieve  those  who 
adopt  it  from  the  trouble  of  acquainting  themselves  with  the 
work  of  previous  writers.  Apart  from  the  hopeless  confusion 
in  zoological  nomenclature  that  would  result  from  the  general 
adoption  of  such  a  system,  it  is  so  obviously  unjust  that  it  is 
not  likely  to  find  acceptance  among  scientific  men. 

The  Rev.  F.  D.  Horice  remarked  that  the  Honey-bee  had 
been  accepted  by  all  authors  as  the  typical  Apis  of  Linn^,  but 
that  the  first  species  standing  under  Apis  in  the  "  Systema  " 
(Ed.  X)  was  not  the  Honey-bee,  but  what  we  now  know  as 
Eucera  hngicomie,  L.  Also,  that  the  first  species  described 
in  the  same  work  as  a  Sphez  was  an  insect  from  Surinam, 
which  the  author  certainly  would  not  have  selected  as  his 


iM:,i,A  J 1^,  Google 


(      XOTl      ) 

"  fcyp*'"  8U"*'* '°  Ed.  XXI  he  removed  it  from  Sphex  altogether, 
and  placed  it  in  ApU  I  Again,  the  first  species  described  by 
Linn^  under  Formica  wae  not  what  all  authors  now  call  a 
Formica,  but  a  Camjmnoltu.  He  felt  sure  that,  whatever 
might  be  the  case  as  to  other  groupe,  no  workers  on  the 
Hymenoptera  had  yet  adopted  or  were  ever  bkely  to  adopt 
a  principle  which  involved  such  consequences. 

The  Pbesident,  taking  part  in  the  discussion,  said  he  did 
not  agree  with  some  of  the  remarks  that  had  been  made  in 
reference  to  Sir  Geoi^  Hampson's  motive  in  adopting  the 
principle  of  selecting  the  first  species  as  the  tjrpe  of  the  genua, 
for  he  thought  Sir  George  was  firmly  persuaded  that  his  was 
the  only  method  capable  of  leading  to  stabihty  in  nomencla- 
ture, and  that  the  rest  of  the  zoological  world  would  finally 
be  converted  to  his  way  of  thinking.  He  had  much  sympathy 
with  the  contention  that  his  method  would  save  an  immense 
amount  of  time  spent  in  bibliographical  leseareh.  Had  that 
method  been  acted  upon  from  the  first,  it  would,  no  doubt, 
have  simplified  procedure  and  placed  nomenclature  on  a 
firmer  ba«a.  But  Sir  George  had  come  into  the  world  a 
century  and  a  half  too  late.  His  mission  should  have  com- 
menced with  Linnieus  himself,  vrith  his  pnpil  Fabricius,  and  the 
other  entomologists  of  the  time,  not  one  of  whom  entertained 
the  idea  of  fixing  the  firet  species  as  the  type  of  the  genus. 
As  a  member  of  the  International  Committee  on  Entomological 
Nomenclature,  he  had  recently  been  asked  for  an  opinion 
on  the  disputed  question  of  the  geno-type  of  Ctmex,  Linn., 
and  in  endeavouring  to  arrive  at  one  that  would  be  in  accord 
with  the  rules  of  the  International  Code,  he  met  with  difficulties 
of  various  kinds.  But  this,  he  thought,  was  a  very  excep- 
tional case,  and  the  chief  difficulties  he  found  in  dealing  with 
it,  were  the  result  of  the  arbitrary  action  of  one  or  two  of  the 
older  authors,  who  refused  to  accept  the  fait  accompU,  and 
proceeded  to  undo  the  work  already  done.  Theirs  was  the 
kind  of  action  which  Sir  George  Hampson  would  hke  to  see 
followed  at  the  present  day.  It  had  only  led  to  the  contuuon 
and  the  waste  of  time,  which  he  deplores,  and  even  if  we  had 
no  moral  obligation  to  the  workers  of  the  past,  the  great 
inconvenienee  for  zoologists  in  every  branch  which  would 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


{    xcvii    ) 

reautt  from  adopting  Iiie  principle  and  appljoog  it  to  the  geoeK 
of  the  older  authors,  ignoring  all  that  baa  been  done  in  tJw 
meantime  and  treating  the  writings  of  our  predeceasore  as  so 
many  scrape  of  paper,  condemns  it  at  once  aa  piepoeteroua 
and  absurd.  He  had  been  looking  up  aome  others  of  the 
genera,  besides  Tinea,  in  the  10th  Edition  of  the  "  Systema 
Naturae,"  to  see  what  changes  would  follow  if  Sir  Geoi^ 
Uampeon'e  method  were  to  be  adopted.  Ceramhyx,  which 
gives  its  name  to  a  family  of  Longicoms,  and  is  now  applied 
to  a  genus  of  well-known  European  species,  would  be  given 
inatead  to  the  Harlequin -beetle,  which  ia  a  native  of  tropical 
America  and  belongs  to  another  family.  Tbe  name  I^epttira, 
with  L.  agvatica  as  the  type,  would  be  transferred  from  the 
flower-frequenting  group  of  Longicorna  known  aa  the  Lep- 
turidae,  and  given  instead  to  a  group  of  sub-aquatic  Fhyto- 
phaga.  The  glow-worm  would  loae  the  name  of  Lampi/ru 
nodiluca,  to  be  kiiown  henceforth  aa  Canlharis  nodiluca,  with 
a  corresponding  change  in  its  family  name.  It  would  be 
wrong  in  future  to  refer  to  the  common  house-fly  as  Mtisca 
domesHca,  or  to  place  it  in  the  family  Muscidae;  the  latter 
muae  should  be  reserved  for  the  Hover-flies,  which  we  now 
caU  Syrphidae.  One  had  only  to  think  for  a  moment  whit 
hundreds  of  changes  of  this  kind  would  involve,  not  merely 
Id  systematic  writings,  but  in  literature  of.  an  economic 
or  more  general  character,  in  order  to  see  how  hopeless  is  the 
prospect  of  getting  a  majority  to  adopt  the  method  which 
would  bring  them  about.  The  number  of  genera  whoae 
types  cannot  easily  be  determined  in  accordance  with  the  rules 
laid  down  in  the  International  Code  of  Zoological  Nomen- 
clature was  surely  not  so  great  that  we  must  be  prepared  to 
face  the  revolutionary  alternative  which  Sir  George  Hampson 
so  persistently  places  before  us,  and  to  which  he  adheres  in 
bifi  own  writings  in  spite  of  the  protests  of  almost  every  one 
of  his  fellow- workers  in  entomology.  It  was  to  be  hoped 
that  he  would  be  led  by  the  views  expressed  that  evening  to 
reconsider  his  position,  and  that  he  would  fall  into  line  on  the 
aubject  of  nomenclature  with  the  syateraatists  of  his  own  and 
of  every  other  country. 

Mr.  DufiftANT  remarked  that  the  present  discussion  really 

PKOC.  BNT.  aOC.  LOND.,  V.  1917  O 


iM:,i,A  J  h,  Google 


(     xcviii    ) 

leenlted  from  the  action  of  the  Zoological  Society  in  lefunng 
u  unjustifiaUe  snd  vitra  vires  sd  attempt  to  change  the 
familiar  and  wotld-wide  application  of  the  generic  name  Tinea 
■  of  Linni — to  remove  this  name  from  the  clothes-moths  and 
traoBfer  it  to  the  honey-moths  {GaUeriadae),  with  which  tt 
had  never  been  specially  associated.  This  would  involve  not 
only  the  change  of  generic  names  but  also  of  the  higher  groups, 
Tineina,  Tineidae  and  GaUeriadae,  the  only  grounds  for  Ute 
change  being  the  numerical  sequence  of  species  in  the  setiee. 
The  system  was  founded  on  a  total  disregard  of  all  systematic 
or  critical  work  done  after  the  original  pubbcation  of  a  generic 
name,  and  the  result  would  be  to  cancel  everything  that  had 
been  done,  and  to  say  that  all  work  was  wrong  unless  the  first 
species  had  been  select«d  as  the  type.  The  adoption  of  Sir 
George  Hampson's  sytem  would  involve  the  change  of  every 
familiar  generic  name,  unless  by  chance  the  fiist  species  had 
been  constituted  the  type  by  earlier  authors.  Nothiog  could 
be  gained  by  such  alterations  .except  imiformity  of  treatment 
in  one  series  of  volumes  to  which  no  one  else  but  the  author 
was  committed. 

Vears  ago  Sir  George  Hampson  started  a  correspjndence 
on  this  subject  with  the  following  letter : — 

•'SrUiih  M uaeum  {Xalaral  Hialorg). 

•'Stpt.  \2lh.  18M. 

"Dear  Sirs, 

"  As  there  is  a  probability  of  a  new  British  Museum 
descriptive  Catalogue  of  all  the  described  species  of  Heterooera 
being  shortly  commenced  it  ia  thought  advisable  to  consult  a 
certain  number  of  the  best-known  authors  on  the  Lepid>pUra 
as  to  the  system  of  nomenclature  which  is  to  be  adopted. 
With  this  object  in  view  the  euclosed  list  of  questions  is  sent 
to  you,  and  if  you  will  be  good  enough  to  express  your  views 
on  the  subject  they  will  be  of  great  assistance  in  forming  the 
scheme  of  the  work,  and  perhaps  contribute  to  attaining  a 
more  uniform  system  of  nomenclature  in  the  Lepidoptera. 

"  The  names  selected  for  consultation  are  : — Prof.  Scudder, 
Prof.  Femald,  Prof.  J.  B.  Smith.  Dr.  Staudinger,  Herr  P.  C.  T. 
Snellen,  Prof.  Aurivillius,  Prof.  A.  R.  Grote,  Lord  Walsingham, 
E.  Meyrick,  Esq,,  W.  F.  Kirby,  Esq..  and  Sir  G.  F.  Hampson. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lc 


(    lax    ) 

Other  nsmes  might  easily  hava  bean  added  to  this  list, 

^  was  thought  that  eleven  would  conatttnte  a  man 

■able  committee  than  a  larger  number  would,  and  those 

..ed  sufficiently  represented  the  various  opinions  on  the 

.DJect  and  the  countries  niost  interested  in  the  Lepidoptera. 

"  It  is  proposed  to  circulate  the  papers  once  for  you  to 

give  your  opinions,  and  then  again  for  you  to  see  the  answers 

given  and  make  any  additional  remarks  that  strike  you. 

"  lam,  dear  Sirs, 

"  Yours  faithfully, 

"  G,  P.  Hampson." 

Question  7  was :  "  By  what  process  is  the  type  of  a 
hetero-typical  genus  to  be  ascertained  ? "  and  a  special 
question  under  this  heading  was :  "  c.  What  is  the  type  of 
Tinea,  L.  ?  " 

On  Sir  Qeorge  Hampeon's  suggestion  that  "  the  first  species, 
or  the  first  species  agreeing  with  the  description,  to  be  con- 
sidered the  type,"  the  opinions  were  : — 

For:  1,  Hampson;  2,  Staudinger. 

Against:  1,  Aurivilhus;  2,  Femald;  3,  Grote;  4,  Kirby: 
5,  Meyrick;   6,  Scudder;   T.Smith;   8,  Walsingham. 

[Snellen  stood  alone  in  totaUy  rejecting  "le  syst^me  des 
types  gen4riques.''] 

And  on  the  question  :  "  c.  What  is  the  type  of  Tinea,  L.  ?  " 
there  were  in  favour  of  jidlumeUa,  L.  (an  ordinary  clothes- 
moth) :  1,  Walsingham;  2,  Meyrick;  3,  Kirby;  4,  Femald; 
5,  Smith;  6,  Aurivilhus;  7,  Grote  (8,  Scudder  and  9,  Stau- 
dinger assumed  to  concur). 

While  Sir  George  Hampson  was  unable  to  say  which  was 
the  first  species  that  agreed  with  the  description,  after  having 
wrongly  cited  as  the  type  geUUeUa,  L.  (a  species  which  did 
not  occur  in  the  lOtb  edition  of  linne). 

Sir  George  Hampson  has  rightly  accepted  as  the  type  of 
Sphinx  the  eevetUh  species  Ugustri,  which  Linne  states  in  the 
Fauna  Gnecica  was  "  Vulgo  Sphinx,"  and  also  aa  the  type 
of  Bombyx  species  18  mori  "  Vulgo  Bombyx "  according  Ut 
linne. 

It  is  therefore  evident  that  the  first  species  included  in  a 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


(  »  ) 

genus  by  linne  was  not  neoessarily  tlie  type — indeed,  in  I%il. 
Bot.  (ed.  1),  197  (1751)  and  {ed.  2)  201-2  (1763),  linn*  him- 
self wrote :  "  8i  genns  receptum,  secundum  jus  natoiae  et 
artis,  in  plura  dirimi  debet,  turn  nomen  antea  commune 
manebit  vulgatiBsiiuBe  et  officinal!  plantae,"  showing  that  his 
opinion  was  that  the  name  should  be  restricted  to  the  best- 
known  species — not  the  fiist  on  the  list. 

The  whole  question  was  thoroughly  thTesbed  out  in  1896- 
1898,  and  a  full  report  with  analyses  of  raphes  to  the  questions 
circulated  will  be  found  in  Proc.  IV,  Int.  Congress  Zool., 
273-312,  Cambridge,  1899. 

Mr.  Durrant  concluded  by  remarking  that  nothing  new  was 
being  brought  before  us,  and  he  had  dealt  with  the  whole 
question  twenty  years  ago  ! 

Dr.  G.  A.  K.  MARaKALL  then  proposed  the  following 
Resolution  : — 

"  That  in  the  opinion  of  this  Society  the  arbitrary  method 
followed  by  Sir  George  Hampson  of  taking  as  the  Type  of  a 
Genus  the  first  species  in  the  series,  disregarding  the  work 
of  previous  authors,  ia  contrary  to  the  usage  of  Entomologists, 
and  this  Society  declines  to  adopt  this  system." 

Mr.  G.  T,  Bbthune-Baker  spoke  as  follows  :— 

In  seconding  the  motion  I  would  draw  your  attention  to 
the  fact  that  the  proposition  of  Sir  George  Hampson  to  adopt 
the  first  species  as  the  type  has  been  discarded  practically  by 
all  authors  of  zoology  everywhere.  Sir  George  claims  Roths- 
child and  Jordan  as  adherenta  to  his  method,  and  in  their 
great  work  on  the  Sphingidae  it  is  true  they  did  adopt  that 
method,  but  they  have  discontinued  it  and  do  not  adopt  it 
now.  Again,  Barnes  and  McDniinougb,  who  at  first  thought 
it  was  a  cotivenieiU  arrangement,  have  likewise  discarded  it, 
finding,  as  they  say,  the  whole  of  the  zoological  world  against 
them.  Even  Sir  George  himself  makes  his  own  exceptions 
(Novit.  Zool.,  xxiv,  p.  19;  1917),  to  wit,  Tortrix  with  viridaua 
as  the  type,  the  second  species;  Sphinx  with  liffustn  as  the 
type,  because  of  the  sphinx-like  attitude  of  the  larva; 
Bombyx  with  jnori  as  type.  He  gives  his  reasons,  it  is  true, 
but  similar  reasoning  ought  to  apply  with  equal  force  to 
the  genus   Tinea,   for  I    demur  entirely  to    his  statement 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


{     ci     ) 
that  pdlioneUa  when  at  rest  folds  it«  wings  in  a  t«nt-hke 

Sir  George's  suggestion  that  most  of  the  authors  in  "  Seitz" 
and  most  of  the  American  authors  adopt  this  principle  simply 
made  me  gasp  with  surprise;  whether  at  the  time  of  the 
initiation  of  this,  at  the  Cambridge  Congress,  the  American 
authors  adopted  the  principle  I  do  not  remember  exactly ;  I 
doubt  it;  but  to-day  there  is  no  question  that  they  do  not 
Ho  so,  and  looking  over  my  "  Seitz  '  again  I  really  do  not  see 
any  justification  for  the  remark.  One  ot  two  do  so,  but  the 
bulk  of  the  authors  act  quite  independently  of  the  method, 
taking  the  first  species  in  some  cases  but  not  in  others. 
Further  than  this,  the  injustice  of  the  thing  is  apparent  on 
the  face  of  it.  Why  should  we  at  this  late  date  take  upon 
ourselves  to  ignore  all  the  revisionary  work  of  earlier  students  ? 

Sir  George  would  scrap  the  work  of  all  revisers  if  they  did 
not  adopt  his  pet  theory ;  we  might  quite  as  well  adopt  as  a 
working  principle  the  suggestion  that  all  descriptions  should 
be  ignored  if  a  figure  was  not  published  with  the  description 
or  shortly  after. 

Instead  of  coming  rapidly  into  general  use,  as  Sir  George 
thinks,  it  has  gone  rapidly  out  of  use.  It  never  had  general 
acquiescence,  and  to-day  in  all  branches  of  zoology  it  is  dis- 
carded by  the  great  majority  of  workers,  and  I  can  only  hope 
that  Sir  George  will  see  that  he  stands  practically  alone  in 
his  idea,  and  that  he  will  soon  leave  that  aoUtaiy  position. 

Mr.  T.  Iredale,  who  was  present  as  a  visitor,  spoke  regarding 
Sir  G.  Hampson's  contention  that  this  principle  (the  first- 
species  rule)  was  accepted  by  a  majority  of  workers  in  other 
classes,  and  as  regards  ornithology  and  conchology  denied 
that  it  had  any  adherents  at  all.  Some  years  ago  the  American 
Ornithologists'  Union  debated  the  subject  and  inclined  to 
accept  the  first-species  rule,  and  advised  to  that  effect.  The 
result,  however,  was  that  immediately  the  advice  was  re- 
pealed, as  it  was  proved  that  confusion  would  ensue,  without . 
prospect  of  later  stability.  It  might  be  further  added  that 
even  when  the  matter  was  under  discussion  it  was  agreed  by 
all  workers  that  the  Linnean  genera  must  be  excepted,  as  it 
was  a  known  fact  that  the  first  species  In  Liim^'s  syatem  was 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


{  cii  ) 
generally  atypical  and  that  the  central  one  was  commonly 
the  typical  species.  No  exact  law  as  we  undeistand  laws 
was  followed  by  early  writere  and  many  ranged  their  species 
alphabetically,  and  moreover  in  such  cases  examples  cited 
were  not  displayed  for  generic  chaiacters,  but  on  account 
of  their  beauty,  size,  or  similar  object.  As  regards  concbology, 
the  first-species  rule  has  never  been  absolutely  accepted, 
though  seventy  years  ago  it  was  a  custom  when  other  methodt 
failed  of  accepting  the  first  species  arbilrarily  as  type.  At  the 
present  time  certainly  no  systematic  worker  in  either  group 
transgresses  the  Laws  of  the  International  Congresses  as 
regards  type  selection,  nor  is  there  any  reason  to  suspect 
any  difieience  of  opinion  as  to  the  results  to  be  achieved  by 
the  continuance  of  such  acceptance. 

The  Sesoiution  was  then  put  to  the  meeting  and  carried 
unanimously. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


(     c'"     ) 


THE   ANNUAL  MEETING. 

The  Annual  Meeting  took  place  on  Wednesday,  January  16th, 
1918,  Dr.  C.  J.  Gahan,  M.A.,  D.Sc.,  Fieeident,  being  in  the 
Chair. 

Mr.  W.  G.  Sheldon,  one  of  the  Auditois,  lead  the  Treaauier's 
etatement  of  Accounts,  which  was  adopted  on  the  motion  of 
Mr.  Stanley  Edwabds,  seconded  by  Mr.  Frisby. 

The  Rev.  Q.  Wheeler,  one  of  the  Secretaries,  then  lead 
the  following 

Report  of  the  Council. 

The  Society  has  during  the  past  year  felt  in  many  direc- 
tions the  pressure  of  the  war  to  a  much  greater  extent  than 
had  previously  been  the  case.  Although  the  attendance  at 
the  meetings  in  the  early  part  of  the  year  was  as  large  as 
could  be  reasonably  expected,  yet,  owing  possibly  to  air-raids, 
there  were  less  than  twenty  present  at  either  of  the  October 
meetings;  there  has,  however,  latterly  been  a  marked  im- 
provement in  attendance,  and  at  the  December  meeting  the 
numbers  only  fell  just  short  of  fifty.  The  standard  of  interest 
of  the  meetings  has,  however,  been  well  kept  up,  although,  as 
usually  occurs,  there  have  been  one  or  two  meetings  when  a 
larger  number  of  exhibits  would  have  been  welcome. 

With  regard  to  numbers  we  are  again  somewhat  reduced. 
While  twenty  new  Fellows  have  been  elected  we  have  lost 
eight  ordinary  Fellows  by  death,  nine  by  resignation  and  nine 
by  removal  of  names  for  non-payment  of  subscription,  the 
latter  including  the  eight  enemy  aliens  whose  names  were 
still  upon  the  list.  We  have  also  lost  one  Honorary  Fellow 
by  death,  viz.  Dr.  Emil  Frey-Gbssneb  of  Geneva,  whose 
place  has  not  yet  been  filled  up.  The  Council  has  also  again 
to  regret  the  toss  of  one  of  its  members  in  the  death  of  Mr. 
A.  E.  OtBBS,  shortly  after  his  re-election.  It  would  be  im- 
poeeible  to  pass  over  the  death  of  Mr.  Gibbs  without  a  tribute 
to  his  usefulness  both  on  the  Council  and  more  especially  on 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


(  "»  ) 

the  Business  Committee  of  which  he  had  been  (or  five  years 
a  most  valued  member. 

The  Society  now  consists  of  eleven  Honorary  and  two  special 
Life  Fellows,  together  with  five  hundred  and  eighty-six  ordinary 
Fellows  making  a  total  of  five  hundred  and  ninety-nine. 

In  consequence  of  the  great  shortage  of  labour  in  the  print- 
ing trade,  as  in  all  others,  considerable  delay  has  been  expe- 
rienced in  the  production  of  the  Transactions.  This  fact 
combined  with  the  enormous  increase  in  the  price  of  paper 
has  made  it  necessary  this  year  to  produce  Parts  II,  III  and  IV 
together,  both  with  a  view  to  economy  and  also  to  make  it 
possible  for  the  future  to  publish  Parts  I-IV  as  neariy  as 
may  be  within  the  year  for  which  they  are  dated.  The 
volume  for  1917  will  consist  of  405  pages  illustrated  by  one 
chromo -lithograph,  six  3-coIour  plates,  fifteen  half-tones,  one 
line  block  and  one  sketch-map,  twenty-four  plates  in  all. 
Sir  George  Kenrick  bears  the  coat  of  the  3-colour  plates. 
The  papers  are  thirteen  in  number  by  the  following  authors : — 
Messrs.  R.  S.  Baonall,  F.G.S.  (in  conjunction  with  Dr. 
J.  W.  H.  Harbison,  D.Sc.);  G.  T.  Bethune-Bakek.  F.L.S., 
F.E.S.;  G.  E.  Bodkin.  F.Z.S.,  F.B.S.;  P.  A.  Buxton,  B.A., 
F.E.8.,  M.R.C.S.;  G.  C.  Champion,  A.L,S.,  F.Z.S.;  Dr.  T.  A. 
Chapman.  M.D„  F.Z,S„  F.E.S.;  Dr.  E.  A.  Cockayne,  M.A., 
M.D.,  F.E.S.,  et«.;  Dr.  H.  Eltringham,  M.A..  D.Sc.,  F.E.S. ; 
Dr.  J.  W.  H.  Harrison,  D.Sc.  (in  conjunction  with  Mr.  R.  S. 
Bagnall);  0.  E.  Janson,  F.E.S.;  Sir  George  H.  Kenrick, 
Bart.,  F.E.S.;  E.  Meyrick,  B.A.,  F.R.S.,  F.E.S. ;  Rowland 
B.  Turner,  F.Z.S.,  F.E.S. ;  and  C.  B.  Williams,  M.A.,  F.E.S. 
Of  these,  eight  refer  to  Lepidoptera,  two  each  to  Coleoptera 
and  Hymenoptera,  and  one  to  Diptera.  The  Proceedings  will 
consist  of  about  one  hundred  pages  illustrated  by  nine  half- 
tone plates  and  several  text-figures ;  the  cost  of  two  of  the 
plates  is  borne  by  the  Rev.  F.  D.  Morice. 

At  a  Special  Meeting  held  on  Jan.  7th,  the  Council  drew 
up  and  forwarded  to  the  Prime  Minister  the  following  prot«6t 
against  the  proposal  of  the  Government  to  commandeer  the 
Natural  History  Museum  ; — 

"  This  Society,  founded  for  the  advancement  and  practical 
application    of   Entomological    Science,    knowing   that   this 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


(      CT      ) 

Science,  especially  at  the  present  moment,  plays  a  most  im- 
portant part  in  many  queetions,  often  of  extreme  urgency, 
affecting  the  health  oE  the  Nation  and  it«  furces  at  home  and 
abroad,  its  food  BUpplies,  its  timber,  and  the  raw  material  of 
its  manufactures,  views  with  the  gravest  concern  any  action 
that  would  impede  work  essential  to  the  National  welfare. 

"  Such  work  includes  : — 

*'  (1)  The  investigation  into  the  relation  between  insects 
and  the  spread  of  such  deadly  diseases  as  typhus,  plague, 
malaria,  yellow  fever,  sleeping  sickness,  etc.,  to  which  our 
troops  are  exposed  in  various  parts  of  the  world. 

'*  (2)  The  prevention  of  the  attacks  of  innumerable  insect 
pests  upon  every  kind  of  food  crop,  whether  growing,  in 
transit,  or  in  storage,  by  which  the  available  supplies  are  very 
materially  reduced,  and  occasionally  even  totally  destroyed. 

"  (3)  The  protection  of  timber,  cotton,  and  other  raw 
materials  essential  to  the  conduct  of  the  war,  from  the  many 
pest«  that  attack  them. 

"  Towards  the  solution  of  these  problems  the  collections  at 
the  Museum  have  in  the  past  largely  contributed,  and  many 
of  them  are  at  present  nndei  investigation. 

"  The  proposed  action  of  His  Majesty's  Government  in 
reference  to  the  Natural  History  Museum,  would  have  a  dis- 
astrous effect  upon  work  which  demands  continual  reference 
to  its  enormous  coUections.  It  is  obvious  that  to  be  of  any 
practical  value  these  must  always  be  readily  available,  and 
moreover  their  removal  would  not  only  be  a  very  lengthy  under- 
taking, but  could  not  be  carried  out  wit  hout  irreparable  damage. 

"  The  Entomological  Society  of  London  feels  bound  there- 
fore to  enter  the  strongest  possible  protest  against  such  pro- 
posed action,  the  full  consequences  of  which  can  hardly  have 
been  realized,  and  in  the  interests  of  the  Empire  urges  that 
the  suggested  interference  with  these  important  collections 
should  be  abandoned. 

"  Signed  on  behalf  of  the  Council, 

"  G.  B.  LoKOSTAFF,  Vice-President." 

The  Council  desires  to  express  its  great  regret  at  the  retire- 
ment of  the  Treasurer  in  consequence  of  ill-health,  and  also 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


(    cvi    ) 

its  appreciation  of  his  servicee  for  the  paat  fourteen  years, 
which  have  been  invalu&ble. 

The  Treasuber  reports  as  follows : — 

"  The  accounts  compare  favourably  with  those  of  last  year. 
Theie  was  then  an  estimated  Habihty  of  £294  against  a  balance 
of  £237  14s.  9d.,  whereas  this  year  the  estimated  liabilities 
are  about  equal  to  the  balance.  There  is  a  falling  off  of 
£44  12s.  in  the  amount  receiveil  fot  Subscriptions  compaied 
with  1916;  but  the  arrears  received  (£45  3s,)  are  in  excess 
by  £18  18s.  There  are  no  otliet  items  which  call  for  comment 
with  the  exception  of  the  '  Subscriptions  in  arrear.'  Hitherto 
the  return  has  been  made  foi  those  '  considered  good.'  Under 
present  conditions  it  is  impossible,  with  any  degree  of  cer- 
tainty, to  separat«  the  '  good '  from  the  '  bad  ' ;  I  have 
therefore  returned  the  total  amount  of  the  indebtednesB^  viz. 
£232  Is.  A  considerable  portion  of  this  sum  is  merely  in 
abeyance  during  the  war,  being  subscriptions  nnpaid  mean- 
while by  Fellows  serving  at  the  Front. 

"  I  much  regret  my  inability  to  continue  my  Treasureiship, 
and  I  thank  the  Society  for  the  confidence  reposed  in  me 
during  the  time  I  have  had  the  honour  to  act  as  their  Treasurer, 
and  I  take  this  opportunity  of  thanking  my  Colleagues  and 
the  Fellows  generally  for  their  unqualified  courtesy  shown  me 
during  my  term  of  office. 

"  The  Society,  I  consider,  may  be  congratulated  upon 
obtaining  the  services  of  Mr.  W.  G.  Sheldon  as  my  successor. 
"  A.  Hugh  Jonbs." 

The  LtBRARUN  reports  as  follows  : — 

"  Three  hundred  and  fourteen  volumes  have  been  issued 
from  the  library  for  home  reading.  Eighteen  volumes  and  a 
large  quantity  of  Separata  have  been  presented  to  the  Library. 
As  was  the  case  last  year,  very  few  foreign  periodicals  are 
coming  to  hand.  The  Library  has  been  well  used  for  purposes 
of  reference." 

The  Report  was  adopted  on  the  motion  of  Mr.  0.  B.  Janson, 
seconded  by  the  Rev.  F.  D.  Morice. 

No  other  nonunations  in  addition  to  those  of  the  Council 
having  been  received,  the  President  declared  the  following 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


(    cvii    ) 

Fellows  to  have  been  duly  elected  as  Officers  and  Members  of 
Council  for  the  ensuing  year : — 

President.  Dr.  J.  C.  Gahan,  M.A„  D.Sc.  Treasurer,  W.  G. 
Sheldon.  Secretaries,  Comm.  James  J.  Walker,  M.A.,  B.N., 
F.L.8.;  Rev.  George  Wheeler,  M.A..  F.Z.8.  Lif^arian, 
George  Charles  Champion,  F.Z.S.,  A.L.S.  Other  Members  of 
Council,  A.  W.  Bacot;  E.  C.  Bedwell;  K.  G.  Blaib,  B.Sc; 
Dr.  T.  A.  Chapman,  M.D.,  F.Z.S.;  W.  C.  Crawley,  B.A.; 
H.  Willoughby  Ellis,  F.Z.S.;  Dr.  H.  Eltringuam,  M.A., 
D.Sc.,  F.Z.8.;  J.  C.  F.  Fryer,  M.A.;  A.  Hugh  Jones;  Bev. 
F.  D.  MoBiCB,  M.A.;  S.  A.  Neave,  M,A„  B.Sc.,  F.Z.S.; 
Herbert  E.  Page. 

The  President  then  delivered  an  Address,  aft«r  which 
Mr.  SiHES  proposed  a  Vote  of  Thanks  to  him  which  was 
seconded  by  Dr.  Eltbingham;  the  President  in  returning 
thanks  spoke  of  the  neglect  of  the  Biological  Sciences  on  the 
part  of  the  Government. 

Mr,  Collin  then  proposed  a  Vote  of  Thanks  to  the  Officers 
which  was  seconded  by  Mr.  Donisthorpe,  both  of  whom 
made  special  allusion  to  the  regret  felt  by  the  Society  at  the 
retirement  of  Mr.  Jones  from  the  Treasurership,  after  so  long 
a  period  of  very  efficient  work  in  the  Society's  interests. 

The  two  Secretaries  said  a  few  words  of  thanks,  the 
Treasurer  and  the  Librarian  being  absent. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


(     cviu     J 

ENTOMOLOGICAL     SOCIETY     OP    LONDON. 
^•Uhm  SbMt  for  tbt  T«ar  U17. 

R1H--BIPTS.  I  TaIIIBNTS 


iting  TraiiurtiaDi,  c(c   2« 

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'      mid      Office      Ei- 


BalsDce  in  h.u,l,  Isl  Jan  . 

1917       237  n 

Siibscriptioua  for  1817    ...  390  12 
Arreara      «    g 

S.le.of  TmnnctioM      "  lit    »  |S  I   *^""''"''    pf    B?""""    for 

Int™tonIuvesto«ut.Z  '"    "  "*         L'S^' T  S'','".*' "'"'■ 

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Bifininghama  I       Mpercoot™ 


5     7  10 
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■bove  until  5th  October, 


3C  15  10  ,       ]»18 


1917 

d   "ill  In' fit! 


15    7 


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SubKnplion-  111  AilTODce  15  15  0  ( 

£957    8  11  ! 


bKcripticiun 


be  Front.)' 


r !.»  Fr!lo«. 


£1,351    2j.    2rf,    Conaol, 

Original  coat  £1,233  3j. 

Present    value    «t    the 

pnCB  of  64}  on  the  31st 

December,  1917  ...  737  IB  in 

£238  12;..  4,1.  BimiiDybam 

3    pec   reula.    Oriiiual 

coiit£250.  Predtnt VKlur 


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»  total  liabiJity  of  my  £liS3 
againat  the  balance  of  fiSp/n,^ 


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£1,181 


Additional  Assets:— 
Contents     of      Library 
Valnsd  at,  aay,  £3,8li0. 

ThcTtlueofSecuritiBasI 
A.  HuoH  Jones,  Trfamrir. 

Bth  January,  1918. 


total  depreci 


W,  G.  Sheldon. 

H.  Willodohbi  Ei.lis 

S.  A.  Nbatb. 

k;  G.  elxia. 

>f  £603  ISj.  8./. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


THE  PKESIDENT'S  ADDKESS. 


Gemtlemen, 

Yoir  have  juet  heard  the  lieport  of  the  Council,  and  I 
think  you  will  agree  that  the  state  of  affairs  which  it  diBcloses  in 
reference  to  the  general  progress  of  the  Society  and  its  present 
financial  position  is  one  with  which  we  have  no  leason  to  be 
dissatisfied.  Our  meetings  have  been  attended  even  better 
than  one  could  have  expected  considering  the  eventful  nature 
of  the  times  through  which  we  have  been  passing.  The 
subjects  discussed  and  the  exhibits  shown  have  continued  to 
be  as  interesting  as  ever.  We  have  had  no  lack  of  valuable 
papers,  although  you  may  probably  find  the  volume  of  Trans- 
actions for  the  past  year  not  quite  so  bulky  as  some  of  those 
for  preceding  years ;  but  in  their  decision  to  Unfit  its  size  the 
Council  have  been  influenced  not  so  much  by  financial  con- 
siderations as  by  a  desire  to  return  to  the  old  and  well-approved 
practice  of  issuing  the  first  four  Parts  within  the  year  whose 
date  they  bear,  That  practice  seems  to  be  in  every  way 
desirable ;  it  helps  to  make  the  financial  situation  more  easily 
understood ;  and  it  has  decided  advantages  for  the  systematist 
by  saving  him  the  trouble  of  giving  double  dates  in  his  refer- 
ences. It  was  insisted  on  in  the  days  when  for  a  short  period 
I  was  one  of  the  Secretaries,  and  I  remember  well  the  anxious 
moments  we  used  to  have  towards  the  end  of  the  year  for 
fear  that  Part  IV  would  not  be  ready  for  issue  before  the  31st 
of  December.  Knowing  some  of  the  difficulties  with  which 
the  Secretaries  have  to  contend,  I  should  like  to  remind 
Fellows  of  the  Society  that  when  they  contribut«  to  the 
Transactions,  exhibit  specimens,  or  speak  at  the  meetings 
they  can,  if  they  will  only  take  the  trouble,  make  the  work 
eauer  for  them. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


<     ex     ) 

In  addition  to  the  mention  of  Fellows  who  have  died  during 
the  year,  the  R«port  of  the  Council  relates  to  oh  vtiter  matter 
which  can  only  be  a  source  of  the  peatest  regret.  Needless 
to  say,  I  refer  to  the  resignation  front  office  of  our  worthy 
Treasurer.  He  has  torso  long  a  time,  and  with  such  great  can 
and  success,  looked  after  the  financial  affairs  of  the  Society, 
tliat  it  owes  him  a  debt  it  can  never  expect  to  repay. 
But  if  gratitude  ta  hira  for  his  services  can  help  to  wipe 
out  the  debt,  he  may  rest  assured  that  he   has  it  in   full 


The  Fellows  of  the  Society  who  have  died  in  1917,  fortunately 
not  a  very  large  number,  include  Dr.  Emile  Frey-Gessner,  an 
Honorary  Fellow ;  Charles  Owen  Waterhouse,  a  former 
President;  Arthur  Emest  Gibbs,  who  was  a  member  of  the 
Comicil,  and  six  other  Fellows. 

Dr.  Frey-Qessner  had  a  deservedly  high  reputation  as  an 
Entomologist  both  here  and  abroad,  and  although  I  had  not 
the  good  fortune  to  know  him  personally,  I  mideistand  that 
he  was  very  popular  with  his  fellow-workers  on  the  Con- 
tinent. He  was  elected  an  Honorary  Member  of  the  Inter- 
national Congress  of  Entomology  at  the  meeting  held  in 
Oxford  in  1912,  and  in  the'same  year  was  elected  an  Honoraiy 
Fellow  of  this  Society.  Bom  in  Canton  Aargau,  he  began 
collecting  Swiss  insects  of  all  kinds  at  an  early  age,  chiefly 
for  Drs.  ImhofI  and  Schmidt  of  Basel.  Thou^  his  own 
tastes  were  at  first  directed  towards  the  Orthoptera,  they  were 
gradually  transferred  to  the  Hymenoptera.  Hia  monograph 
of  the  Swiss  bees  (Hymenoptera  Helvetica,  Apidae),  which 
was  completed  only  a  short  time  before  his  death,  is  considered 
by  competent  judges  to  be  a  very  thorough  one.  He  had  a 
general  knowledge  of  exotic  insects,  hut  devoted  himself 
chiefly  to  the  insects  of  the  Swiss  fauna ;  and  his  collections, 
which  are  entirely  Swiss,  are  now  mostly  in  the  Bern  Museum, 
while  some  are  at  Geneva. 

Charles  Owen  Waterhouse  was  the  eldest  son  of  George  R. 
Waterhouse,  who  was  one  of  the  original  members  of  this 
Society,  and  also  at  one  time  President;  so  that  his  name  has 
always  been  cl()aely  connected  with  the  Entomological  Society 
of  London  and  carries  us  back  to  the  days  of  ite  foundation. 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


{     cxi     ) 

It  is  associated  also  with  the  names  of  Charles  Darwin  and 
Bichaid  Owen,  intimate  friends  of  his  father;  so  that  his 
brother-Bntoiuologists  might  feel  almost  disposed  to  envy 
him  the  advantages  to  which  he  was  bom,  and  which  also 
he  most  have  derived  in  his  early  days  from  contact  with  such 
distinguished  naturalists.  But  if  those  advantages  are  to  be 
held  accountable  in  any  way  for  the  great  interest  he  took  in 
Entomology  and  the  work  he  has  done  in  its  service,  this 
Society  may  claim  bo  have  received  some  benefits  from  them. 
He  had  been  for  forty-eight  years  a  Fellow,  and  for  two  years 
(1907-8)  President  of  our  Society,  served  at  different  times  on 
the  Council,  rarely  missed  attending  our  meetings,  and  the 
mere  titles  of  the  papers  which  he  contributed  to  our  Trans- 
actions help  to  fill  more  than  one  page  in  the  Catalogue  of 
our  Library.  As  he  was  personally  famiUai  to  most  of  you, 
and  you  have  had  many  opportunities  of  knowing  how  wide 
and  intimate  was  his  knowledge  in  almost  eveiy  branch  of 
Entomology,  it  will  be  easy  for  you  to  understand  how  highly 
I  appreciated  him,  and  how  grateful  I  feel,  having  been  asso- 
ciated with  him  bo  long,  for  the  assistance  he  was  always  so 
ready  to  give,  especially  in  the  days  when,  almost  a  novice  in 
Entomology,  I  began  to  work  on  beetles  in  the  British  Museum. 
At  that  time,  although  I  had  a  good  knowledge  of  biology,  the 
result  of  two  years'  steady  work  under  Prof.  Huxley  in  his 
laboratory  at  South  Kensington,  I  knew  comparatively  little 
about  insects.  One  of  the  things,  however,  which  I  had 
studied  and  thought  I  knew  well  was  the  structure  and 
homology  of  the  mouth-part«  of  the  cockroach.  Quite  m- 
cently,  I  have  been  reading  a  paper  by  Prof.  E.  Bugnion 
upon  this  very  subject,  and  it  has  reminded  me  of  a  difficulty 
1  had  at  one  time  experienced  in  reconciling  various  statements 
about  the  piece  known  as  the  3t^-tnentum.  I  had  been  taught 
to  regard  this  piece  as  part  of  the  lower  Up  and  homologous 
with  the  cardinea  or  basal  segments  of  the  first  maxillae ;  and 
this  is  the  view  given  of  it  in  nearly  all  of  the  text-books ;  but 
the  part  which  in  Coleoptera  is  known  by  the  same  name  is 
merely  a  continuation  of  the  gula  and  is  so  firmly  fused  with 
the  head  capsule  that  it  can  only  be  regarded  as  a  sternal 
part  of  the  head.     I  went  with  this  difficulty  to  Waterhouee, 


u„,,i,A  J..,  Google 


{    cxii    ) 

and  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  hie  leadiness  to  hdp  on  that 
occaBion  was  the  origin  of  an  investigation  in  comparative 
morphology,  the  result  of  which  he  published  at  his  own 
expense,  in  a  short  paper,  with  coloured  plates,  entitled 
"  The  Labium  and  Sub-mentum  in  certain  Mandibulate 
Insects."  In  this  paper  he  has  endeavoured  to  show,  by  a 
comparison  of  the  parts  in  various  forms,  that  the  sub-me&tum 
is,  in  fact,  a  part  of  the  head  itaeU  and  need  not  be  taken  into 
account  when-homologizing  the  parts  of  the  labium  with  those 
of  the  maxillae.  Owing  to  the  manner  of  its  publication,  this 
paper  has,  I  feat,  been  almost  entirely  overlooked,  which  makes 
it  all  the  more  desirable  to  call  special  attention  to  it  here. 
Prof.  Bugnion,  without  in  any  way  referring  to  it,  takes  very 
much  the  same  view  of  the  sub-mentum  as  Waterhouse,  and 
supports  it  by  other  statements  of  fact ;  but  as  the  terminology 
used  by  him  is  not  the  same,  one  has  to  be  careful  in  readmg 
his  paper  to  note  exactly  what  he  means  by  sub-mentum. 
This  name  he  applies  to  a  part  of  the  labium,  using  the  name 
basilaire  instead  for  the  part  figured  and  described  in  most 
of  out  text-books  as  the  sub-mentum.  Which  particular 
part  has  the  right  by  priority  to  the  name  of  sub-mttaum, 
I  cannot,  at  the  moment,  definitely  say,  but  I  rather  think 
the  name  was  first  made  use  of  in  Coleoptera  and  in  the  same 
sense  in  which  it  was  applied  by  Waterhouse. 

Arthur  Ernest  Oibbs  was  another  Pellow  of  the  Society  who 
took  a  great  interest  in  its  work;  and  as  a  member  of  the 
Council  and  of  the  Business  Committee,  as  well  as  in  many 
other  ways,  rendered  it  most  valuable  service.  He  was  on 
active  member  also  of  the  South  London  Entomological  and 
Natural  History  Society,  of  which  for  a  time  he  was  Vice- 
President.  He  was  a  keen  student  of  the  Lepidopteia,  and  in 
his  frequent  travels  on  the  Continent,  and  with  the  aid  of 
collectors  in  other  parte  of  the  world,  got  together  a  very 
considerable  collection.  He  was  very  much  interested  also  in 
the  local  museum  near  his  home  at  St.  Albans,  which  has 
benefited  largely,  I  beUeve,  through  his  generosity.  Those  of 
us  who  have  had  the  pleasure  of  meeting  him  frequently  and 
of  knowing  his  kindly  disposition  will  miss  him  greatly,  as 
indeed  will  this  Society  as  a  whole. 


n,g,l,.rJM,GOOglC 


(    cxiii    ) 

'  the  other  Fellows  who  have  died,  I  wish  I  wete  able 

^enonal  knowledge  to  say  at  least  a  few  fitting  words. 

irtunately  my  acquaintance  with  them  was  so  sli^t 

uld  be  unable  to  say  more  than  I  could  gather  from 

jary   Notices  which   are   accessible   to  all   in   the 

.ological  Journals. 

At  one  of  our  Annual  Meetings,  the  President  of  the  yeai 
reminded  us  that  he  was  not  required  under  any  bye-law  to 
deliver  a  Presidential  Address,  but  he  delivered  it  all  the  same, 
and  an  excellent  one  it  was.  If  you  expect  me  to  continue 
now  and  to  follow  his  good  esample  I  fear  you  will  be  dis- 
appointed. A  good  Presidential  Address,  such  as  yon  have 
been  accustomed  to  hear  at  these  annual  meetings,  needs  a 
good  deal  of  preparation  and  a  lot  more  besides,  even  if  one 
happen  to  make  choice  of  an  interesting  subject.  The  subject, 
or  rather  the  mixture  of  subjects,  on  which  I  propose  to  speak, 
is,  however,  not  so  much  a  matter  of  my  own  choice,  as  of 
being  compelled  to  it  by  the  necessities  of  the  case.  For  I 
have  to  admit  that  so  far  as  preparation  ia  concerned,  yon 
may  have  reason  to  think  that  I  have  been  rather  neglectful 
of  my  duty  to  you,  and  the  only  excuse  I  can  ofier,  which  I 
trust  you  will  accept,  is  that,  although  my  intentions  were 
of  the  best,  I  have  been  quite  unable  to  find  the  time  that  was 
needful  to  fulfil  them. 

When  Mr.  Bethune -Baker,  in  his  Presidential  Address  de- 
livered three  years  ago,  suggested  a  subject  for  investigation 
which,  he  said,  would  be  of  the  utmost  importance  to  science, 
1  had  a  strong  inclination  at  the  time  to  try  and  act  upon  it. 
It  appealed  to  me  as  a  Coleoptehst.  An  investigation  of  the 
male  genital  organs  of  beetles  would,  I  thought,  be  of  the 
greatest  interest,  especially  if  one  could  go  on  to  compare  them 
with  those  of  other  insects  with  a  view  to  homologizing  the 
ports.  But  an  investigation  of  that  kind  requires  time, 
certainly  much  more  than  has  been  at  my  disposal  from  that 
day  to  this;  and  in  consequence  I  have  had  to  abandon  the 
idea.  It  is,  however,  a  work  that  should  employ  many  hands, 
notwithstanding  that  Shaip  and  Muir  in  their  invaluable 
memoir  which  appeared  in  our  Transactions  for  1912  have 

PROC.  BNT.  SOC.  L0N1>,,  V.  1917  H 


u,y,i,Ajh,CoOt5lc 


(    cxiv    ) 

covend  a  good  part  of  the  ground.  That  memoir  is  a  veritabU 
storehouse  of  facts  on  the  subject,  and  enables  us  to  see 
almost  at  a  glance  the  type  of  structure  of  the  genital  tube 
and  its  accessories  in  almost  every  family  of  Coleoptera';  but 
it  still  leaves  us  without  sufficient  evidence  to  judge  whether 
all  the  conclusions  they  seem  inclined  to  draw  from  them 
are  right.  The  organs  they  describe  are,  without  doubt,  of 
considerable  phylogenetic  importance,  but  whether  they  have 
all  the  importance  which  they  claim  for  them  is  another 
question.  To  me,  at  any  rat«,  some  of  their  conclusions  seem 
open  to  suspicion,  especially  those  which  lead  them  to  hint 
that  the  Coleoptera  are  not  a  monophyletic  group  of  insects, 
but,  starting  from  some  Neuropteroid  or  other  pre-Coleopteran 
forms,  have  reached  the  Coleopterous  stage  along  difieient 
lines  of  descent.  We  all  admit  the  great  importance  which 
the  structure  of  the  aedeagus  has  in  enabling  us  to  discriminate 
between  closely  allied  species  in  certain  genera  and  in  many 
whole  groups,  and  we  know  how  difierent  it  is  at  times  in  two 
species  which  in  all  other  respects  seem  to  be  very  cloEely 
related.  This  applies  also  to  the  external  accessory  part^ — 
the  parts  visible  in  Coleoptera  without  dissection — a  subject 
which  did  not  come  within  the  scope  of  the  memoir  by  Sharp 
and  Muir.  An  investigation  that  would  enable  us  to  see  the 
whole  range  of  variation  and  the  degree  of  modification  of 
the  genital  organs  within  certain  genera  or  groups  of  genera 
in  the  different  families  would  help  us  to  form  an  idea  of  their 
phylogenetic  value,  and  seems  to  me  to  be  a  great  desideratum. 
But  however  neglectful  the  systematists  in  Coleoptera  may  have 
been  in  the  past,  signs  are  not  wanting  to  show  that  they  are 
now  fully  alive  to  the  importance  of  examining  these  structures, 
even  if  only  to  help  them  in  their  ordinary  every-day  work. 
And  to  show  that  their  importance  had  not  been  overioo^d 
in  the  past,  I  cannot  do  better  than  to  quote  an  interesting 
passage  from  one  of  H.  W.  Bates's  papers  on  the  Amazonian 
Longicoms,  a  passage  which,  written  for  the  eyes  of  the 
specialist,  may  not  have  received  the  general  attention  which 
it  deserved.    The  passage  is  as  follows — 

"  It  is  a  remarkable  circumstance,  that  in  many  families 
of  insecto  which  have  accessory  sexual  parts  easy  of  ezamina- 


Ij.y.l.AjL.yCOO'^lL' 


(  c^  > 
tioD,  it  is  found  that  these  differ  very  considerably  in  structare 
in  closely  allied  speciea.  It  has  been  remarked  that  they 
offer  some  of  the  beat  characters  to  distinguish  species,  and 
they  have  been  made  use  of  to  separate  species  which  scarcely 
offered  any  other  distinguishable  characters.  Mi,  Baly  has 
also  discovered  that  the  homy  penis  concealed  In  the  male 
abdomen  of  Phytophagous  Coleoptera  differs  in  form  in  closely 
allied  speciea ;  and  he  has  shown  me  a  long  series  of  specimens 
mouDted  for  examination  under  the  microscope,  belonging 
chiefly  to  the  genera  Chrysometa  and  Ewnoljnie,  which  ofEer 
a  most  instructive  study,  since  by  their  means  some  forms 
before  considered  as  varieties  turn  out  to  be  distinct  species. 

"  This  class  of  facts  seems  to  me  of  great  significance,  as 
throwing  light  on  the  segregation  of  varieties  and  their  passage 
into  true  species.  For  if  we  admit  that  the  only  sound  differ- 
ence between  allied  varieties  and  allied  species  is  that  the 
former  intermarry  and  the  latter  do  not,  then  the  abrupt 
and  great  diversities  of  structure  in  those  oi^ns  most  directly 
involved  in  the  matter  must  be  considered  as  affording  an 
explanation  why  many  varieties  do  not  intercross  with  the 
parent  stock  and  therefore  remain  as  independent  forms  or 
species.  The  difference  in  the  accessory  male  organs  of  our 
two  allied  species  or  local  forms  of  Colobothea  is  so  great  that 
no  one  who  examines  them  can  believe  both  to  be  adapted 
to  the  corresponding  organs  of  the  females  of  each  form.  At 
the  same  time  I  have  no  doubt  that,  were  it  not  for  the  great 
difference  between  these  organs  in  our  two  forms,  no  entomo- 
logist would  doubt  their  being  mere  local  varieties  of  one  and 
the  same  stock.  Scores  of  other  local  varieties  occur  in  the 
same  countries,  presenting  all  the  successive  steps  of  segre- 
gation, from  the  most  partial  variation  to  the  full-formed 
local  race. 

"  Thus  we  have  only  to  admit  that  species  disseminate  them- 
selves over  wide  areas,  and  adjust  themselves  to  the  diveitdties 
of  local  conditions,  or,  in  other  words,  segregate  local  varieties, 
to  open  the  way  towards  an  explanation  of  the  way  in  which 
the  world  has  become  peopled  by  its  myriads  of  species.  The 
inevitable  law  of  Natural  Selection  which  governs  the  general 
process  of  the  adjustment  of  the  local  races  to  new  conditions 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


(    cxvi     ) 

will  explain  the  changes  of  coDditioos  of  life  in  tinne ;  and  the 
laws  of  variation,  diveroified  in  details  as  aie  the  spedee 
themselves,  vill  explain  the  rest." 

Mr.  Bethune  Baker  in  his  Address  had  occasion  to  lefet 
to  the  genera  Iduhyunta  and  PsaUdura,  but  he  could  hardly 
have  suspected  how  interesting  an  illustration  of  the  modifi- 
cation of  parts  those  genera  afford.    Ichthywms  is  a  genus  id 
which  I  had,  myself,  previously  been  very  much  intoiested 
for  another  reason.    It  belongs  to  the  family  Telephoridae, 
and  several  years  ago  I  had  discovered  in  nearly  all  the  beetles 
of  this  family  a  series  of  small  apertures,  distinct  from  the 
spiraculai  openings,  along  the  sides  of  the  first  eight  dorsal 
plates  of  the  abdomen,  a  pair  to  each  segment.     In    some 
genera  they  lie  well  within  the  lateral  margins;    in  others 
they  are  placed  close  up  to,  or  quite  upon,  the  postero-lateral 
angles,  excepting  the   first  pair,  which  always   retain    their 
position  inside  the  margin  of  the  first  t«rgite;  and  in  a  few 
genera  they  are  situated  at  the  apex  of  very  distinct  lateral 
processes  which  point  outwards  and  slightly  backwards.     In 
appearance   these   apertures   are   not  unlike  some  forms  of 
spiracles;  each  has  a  circular  chitinous  rim  bordering  a  small 
pit  lined  with  a  pale  membrane  in  which  is  a  still  smaller 
opening  fringed  with  fine  hairs,  and  which  evidently  is  the 
external  opening  of  a  gland.     Segnientallv  arranged  glandular 
apertures  of  this  kind  are  known  in  the  larvae  of  some  Coleo- 
pt«rB,   Lepidoptera,  and  other  insecta,  and  the  secretion  is 
considered  to  be  distasteful  and  protective.     Miss  Olga  Payne, 
with  whom  I  was  in  correspondence  when  she  was  working 
on  the  structure  and  life-hiatory  of  one  of  our  species  of  Tele- 
fhonts,  has  found  the  glands  also  in  the  larva  of  that  genus, 
and  in  the  three  thoracic  as  well  ae  in  the  first  eight  abdominal 
segments,  and  has  given  a  description  of  them  in  a  paper  since 
published ;  but  she  has  expressed  a  doubt  as  to  whether  they 
are  really  functional,  since  the  openings  were  ver}'  small  and 
no  liquid  secretion  seemed  to  come  from  them.     So  far,  how- 
ever, as  the  imago  is  concerned,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that 
they  are  functional;  for  in  handling  some  living  specimens  I 
have  myself  seen  drops  of  a  clear  liquid  of  pretty  considerable 
size  issue  from  the  pair  of  apertures  on  the  eighth  segment. 


ih,  Google 


(     Gsvii     ) 

and  80  convinced  wae  I  that  the  secretion  serves  &b  a  protection 
to  these  beetles  that  I  mentioned  my  own  observations  in 
order  to  confirm  the  view  that  they  are  a  distasteful  group, 
when  reading  a  paper  on   "  Mimicry  in  Coleopt«ra,"  since 
published  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  South  London  Entomo- 
logical and  Natural  History  Society.     Although  many  other 
groups  of  insects  aie  at  least  equally  distasteful,  this  is  the 
only  one,  so  far  as  I  know,  in  which  a  series  of  segmentally- 
arranged  glands  of  the  kind  described  have  been  met  with 
in  the  imago.     But  to  return  to  Icklht/urus.     In  this  genus, 
the  apertures  of  the  glands  are  present  as  usual,  but  the  last 
pair,  the  largest  of  all,  are  placed  at  the  end  of  those  strong 
outwardly  and  backwardly  diverging  processes  of  the  eighth 
tei^it«,  which  gives  it  that  fish-tail  resemblance  from  which 
the   name   of   the    genus   is   derived.      It    is    interesting    to 
think  that  while  I  had  been  looking  upon  these  processes  as 
a  battery  provided  to  meet  the  assault  of  enemies,  Mr.  Baker 
seemed    to   see   in    them  the  arms  with  which  the  male    is 
accustomed  to  embrace  the  female.    But,  strange  to  say,  I 
am  not  certain  that  we  were  not  both  right.     The  processes 
are  well  developed  in  all  the  species  of  the  genus  and  in  both 
sexes;  but  they  are  more  fully  developed  in  the  male,  in  which 
sex  also  they  sometimes  have  a  sharply  curved  point  or  tooth 
at  or  near  the  apex,  and  in  such  cases  the  glandular  aperture 
is  to  be  found  not  quite  at  the  apes,  but  ver>'  near  to  it.     They 
are  in  most  cases  fixed  pieces  continuous  with  the  rest  of  the 
tergite  of  the  eighth  segment  and  only  movable  with  the  tergit« 
as  a  whole,  and  this  is  the  condition  in  the  species  referred  to 
and  figured  by  Mr.  Baker.    In  one  species,  however,  namely 
/.  apicfiUa,*  Mots.,  the  male  processes  take  on  the  form  of  a 
pair  of  forceps,  like  those  of  an  earwig,  with  the  arms  curving 
inwards  and  coming  in  contact   behind.     Having  examined 
them  with  a  view  to  finding  out  whether  they  were  movable 
from  side  to  side,  I  found  this  to  be  the  case,  to  some  limited 
extent,  at  least,  and  that  they  had  all  the  appearance  of  being 
articulated  at  the  base ;  so  it  seems  to  me  impossible  to  doubt 
that  the  fixed  lateral  prolongations  of  the  eighth  dorsal  plate 
met  with  in  the  other  s[>ecies  have  here  become  so  far  modi- 
•   =  forcipiger,  Gostro. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


{     cxriii     ) 

fied  as  to  form  a  pair  of  appendages  adapted  to  act  as 
claspiog  organs.  They  could  not  have  served  that  purpose 
from  the  beginning,  but  containiDg,  as  they  still  do,  the 
apertuies  of  secretory  glands,  their  development  at  first  may 
have  been  to  give  a  mote  effective  use  to  those  glands,  and 
later  coming  to  serve  also  another  purpose  their  further 
development  may  have  been  in  that  direction.  The  genital 
opening  of  the  male,  I  may  remark.  Ilea  juat  behind  the 
stemite  of  the  segment  to  which  the  dorsal  processes  belong, 
and  is  followed  by  another  well-marked  stemite  which  I  con- 
sider to  be  that  of  the  ninth  segment,  though  much  la^r 
fihan  the  corresponding  tergite. 

There  are,  as  you  all  probably  know  well,  two  principal 
views  as  to  the  origin  of  the  wings  in  insects,  and  many  ad- 
vocates of  each  view.  The  arguments  on  both  sides  are  very 
well  set  out  in  a  paper  on  the  subject  by  G.  Crampton  which 
appeared  in  the  Journal  of  the  New  York  Entomological 
Society  in  March  1916.  The  author  himself  advocates  what 
is,  I  think,  the  now  generally  accepted  view,  namely  that  the 
wings  have  arisen  as  out-growths  or  expansions  of  the  dorsal 
plates  of  the  nieao-  and  meta-tfaorax,  have  gradually  developed, 
and  in  time  became  articulated  at  the  base,  finally  functioning 
as  true  wings — that  their  origin  and  development  was,  in 
fact,  very  like  what  we  see  in  the  ontogwy  of  the  termites, 
bugs  and  other  heiniinetabolous  insects  of  the  present  day. 
To  this  theory  of  their  origin  it  has  been  objected  that  the 
wings  must  have  served  some  use  at  every  stage  of  Iheir 
development,  and  that  it  is  very  difficult  to  understand  to 
what  use  the  notal  expansions  could  have  been  put  which 
would  have  caused  them  to  develop  an  articulation  at  the  base. 
Crampton  effectively  replies  to  this  objection  by  saying: 
"  If  an  expansion  of  the  integument  can  acquire  an  articula- 
tion with  the  body  when  it  develops  into  a  tracheal  gill  in 
the  water,  why  can  not  a  similar  expansion  acquire  an  articu- 
lation with  the  tergum  when  it  becomes  a  wing  in  the  air  ? 
It  is  surely  no  harder  to  conceive  of  a  rigid  outgrowth  becom- 
ing an  articulated  appendage  in  the  air,  than  to  conceive  of 
a  similar  rigid  outgrowth  becoming  an  articulated  appendage 
in  the  water  !  " 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


(    cxix    ) 

A  Utile  further  on  he  gives  a  fen  instances  to  enforce  his 
argument;  and  in  reference  to  one  of  these,  he  says  that 
"  On  page  242  of  hia  Cours  d'Enlonwhffie,  Latraille,  1831, 
has  described  a  Coleopteron  Aerodnus  {sic)  lotiffitwmus,  whose 
prot^orax  bears  articulated  lateral  processes  {teste  Cholod- 
kowsky  1886),"  and  "  If  these  can  become  articulated  to  the 
prothorax  without  first  passing  through  a'  tracheal  gill  stage, 
why  can  the  wings  not  do  the  same  ?  To  demand  that  the 
wingB  Imust  pass  through  a  tracheal  gill  stage  in  wder  to 
become  articulated  to  the  tergum,  is  asking  more  than  the 
facts  would  warrant,  and  in  the  light  of  the  foregoing  instances, 
this  objection  to  the  origin  of  wings  from  paranota  is  not 
valid."  The  reference  given  to  Latreille  is,  however,  wrong; 
for  in  the  work  cited  Latreille  does  not  even  mention  the 
beetle  named,  though  he  probably  does  so  elsewhere,  as  did 
most  of  the  old  authors  when  pointmg  out  the  remarkable 
character  of  ite  prothoracic  processes.  For  example,  we  find 
it  alluded  to  in  Kirby  and  Spence's  Entomology  (Vol.  Ill, 
p.  538)  as  follows— 

"  But  the  prothorax  has  nwvable  as  well  as  fixed  appendages ; 
of  this  kind  are  those  spines  {umbo'tes)  whose  base  is  a  spherical 
boss  moving  in  an  acelabulum  of  the  thoracic  shield  of  the 
Capricorn  subgenus  Macropug,  Tbunb.  If  I  might  hazard 
a  conjecture,  I  should  say  that  these  organs  were  given  to 
this  animal  by  an  all-provident  <,)reatoi,  to  enable  it  to  push 
itself  forward,  when  in  the  heart  of  some  tree  it  emerges  from 
the  pupa,  that  it  may  escape  from  its  con  fine  niMit." 

Lacordaiie,  however,  who,  in  his  Introduclion  d  I'Enlomo- 
logie  (Vol.  I,  p.  34,  1834),  has  also  described  the  movable 
spines  of  Aerodnus  longimantig,  gave  a  different  version  of 
their  origin  ;  "  D'apr^  la  loi  qui  s'oppose  k  1 'Introduction 
d'une  piSce  nouvelle,  cette  epine  ne  peut  ctre  qn'une  des 
pieces  du  prothorax  qui  a  pris  une  forme  inaolide,  et  son 
analogue  doit  le  retrouvec  dans  tons  les  autres  Insects ; 
aussi  d'apr^  ea  situation,  penEona-nous  que  ce  n'est  autre 
chose  que  le  trochantin  qui  a  cesse  de  faire  corpa  avec  la 
hanche,  eat  devenu  libre  et  se  portait  au  dehors,  au  lieu 
de  rc8t«r  cache  i  I'interieur,  a  pris  un  developpement 
inaccoutume.     Du    rest«,    I'usage    de    ce    trochantin,  ainsi 


l„y,|,AJI^,COOl^lC 


(      CXI      ) 

mitamotphoB^  est  ausei  probl^matique  que  celui  dee  cocaides 
dea  M(Uachius." 

These  inteTeeting  explanations  of  the  movable  spines  of 
Acrooinus  Umgimanua  should  serve  to  remind  us  how  far  fiom 
infallible  aie  even  the  most  trustworthy  of  authorities,  and 
how  careful  we  should  be  in  our  statements  to  make  sure 
beforehand  of  out  facta.  Many  of  you  are,  doubtless,  familiar 
with  the  Harlequin -beetle,  and  know  what  the  truth  in  regard 
to  iXx  prothoracic  spines  really  is :  that  they  aie  not  in  the 
least  movable  but  are  absolutely  fixed  and  as  firmly  consoli- 
dated with  the  sides  of  the  thorax  as  the  corresponding  e|HDe« 
in  many  other  Longicorn  beetles.  The  idea  that  they  were 
movable  arose  from  superficial  observation  and  was  due  to 
the  fact  that  they  are  surrounded  each  at  the  base,  but  tm 
the  upper  side  only,  with  a  rather  deep  narrow  groove;  it 
began  with  Linnaeus  himself  when  he  described  the  beetle, 
and  was  never  questioned  until,  just  about  a  century  later, 
the  mistake  was  discovered  and  set  right  by  James  Thomson 

Mr.  Crampton  evidently  bad  no  knowledge  of  that  fact, 
and  he  is  hardly  to  blame  for  having  accepted  as  true  a  state' 
ment  made  on  such  excellent  authority. 

But  though  one  of  the  instances  on  which  he  rebed  is  gone, 
there  is  no  reason  why  he  should  not  find  in  the  forcipate  taol 
of  Ichthyunu  another  that  would  answer  the  purpose  of  his 
argument  almost  as  well.  For  if  I  am  right  in  the  interpreta- 
tion I  have  given  to  it,  you  have  there  a  pair  of  movable 
appendages  developed  from  what  were  once  fixed  lateral 
processes,  comparable  with  the  prothoracic  processes  of  the 
Harlequin  -bee  tie . 

In  the  long  forcipate  tail  appendages  of  Psalidura,  a  genus 
of  Curculionidae,  we  have  another  example  of  perfectly  mov- 
able structures  which  have  apparently  developed  from  fixed 
rigid  processes.  I  say  apparently,  because,  while  they  ars 
free  from  the  eighth  tergile,  to  which  they  are  attached  by 
membrane  on  the  dorsal  side,  in  one  species  of  a  related  genus, 
they  seem  to  be  more  or  less  firmly  united  to  the  sternal 
plate  on  the  ventral  side.  But  whether  developed  as  prooesses 
from  the  tergum  or  from  the  sternum,  it  is  fairly  certain  that 
they  have  not  originated  in  any  other  way,  and  I  have  little 


Ij.y.l.Ajl^yCOO'^lL' 


(    cxxi    ) 

doubt  that  further  mvestigstioo  atnongBt  the  related  forms 
will  prove  this  to  be  the  case. 

These  remarkable  Auetralian  beetles  exhibit  a  great  range 
of  modification  in  the  external  parte  placed  near  the  male 
genital  opening,  especially  in  the  stnictuFe'of  the  seventh 
stemit«  and  in  the  form  and  degree  of  development  of  the 
forceps,  the  latt«T  often  being  provided  on  the  inner  ventral 
side  with  two  blades  which  sometimes,  curving  downwards 
and  inwards,  come  together  and  overlap  so  as  to  form  a  tdnd 
of  ring  or  band,  the  object  of  which,  so  far  as  one  can  reason- 
ably infer,  is  to  grip  the  female  right  round  the  hinder  end 
of  her  body.  The  characters  which  these  external  parts 
afford  have  been  made  full  use  of  by  Dr.  Ferguson  in  his 
revision  of  the  genus ;  but  from  what  I  have  seen  in  the  few 
forms  I  have  had  time  to  examine,  I  think  the  aedeagus  and 
other  internal  structures  would  well  repay,  in  their  interest- 
ing modifications,  any  amount  of  time  spent  in  investigating 
them. 

Although  I  have  been  unable  to  add  more  than  a  very  little 
to  our  knowledge  of  the  si^bject,  I  hope  that  little  will  help 
to  show  the  great  interest  which  an  extended  investigatitni 
of  the  whole  genital  apparatus  of  the  Coleoptera  must  possess, 
and  bow  completely  justified  was  the  opinion  expressed  by 
Hr.  Bethune-Baker  in  the  Address  to  which  I  have  referred. 
I  think  we  may  congratulate  him  also  on  the  happy  selection 
he  made  when  he  ventured  to  illustrate  his  remarks  from 
examples  amongst  the  Coleoptera. 

As  a  Coleopterist,  I  have  sometimes  wished  that  I  could, 
without  too  much  trouble,  make  a  comparison  of  the  parts 
in  Coleoptera  with  the  conesponding  structures  in  Lepidoptera, 
and  I  have  turned  more  than  once  to  look  at  some  of  those 
nice  photographic  figures  with  which  he  and  some  of  his 
fellow-Lepidopterists  illustrate  their  papers;  but  I  generally 
fail  to  comprehend  them.  I  can  quite  understand  that  the 
case  would  be  altogether  different  if  1  were  experienced  in 
the  examination  of  the  parts  and  knew  all  about  their  con- 
nections and  relative  positions.  I  can  understand  also  that 
a  photograph  is  more  likely  to  be  true  to  nature  than  even  the 
best  of  drawings;  but  if  it  teaches  less  truth  what  is  the 


u,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


(    cxzu     ) 

advantage?  Prof.  Huxley,  in  hia  Anabmy  of  Invtrtthraie 
Animals,  says  of  the  male  genital  armature  in  the  cockroach, 
that  "  It  consists  of  a  number  of  chitinous  processes  having 
the  form  of  plates  and  hooks,  the  exact  form  and  disposititn 
of  which  could  be  made  intelligible  only  byDumerous  figuiee." 
There  is  much  point  in  that  statement,  which  api^ies  as  much, 
I  think,  to  many  of  the  Lepidoptera  aa  to  Blatta,  and  I  hope 
my  friends  will  bear  it  in  mind. 

Goitlemen,  there  is  another  subject  on  which  I  should  like 
to  ofler  a  few  remarks  this  evening  while  it  is  still  fnsh  io 
your  minds,  and  that  is  the  importance  of  E!ntomology  in 
relation  to  the  State.  It  is  a  subject  in  which  this  Society, 
if  it  is  to  continue  true  to  the  aims  of  its  Founders,  is  bound 
to  take  a  verj-  deep  interest ;  and,  aa  I  need  scarcely  remind 
you,  it  is  one  on  which  there  are  other  views  than  your  own. 
There  is,  for  example,  the  view  which  evidently  bad  influenced 
the  Government  in  their  recent  proposal  to  remove  the 
collections  from  the  Natural  History  Museum  and  to  stow 
them  elsewhere — the  .proposal  against  which  thq  Society  has ' 
strongly  protested,  and  which,  if  carried  out,  would  almost 
inevitably  have  had  the  efFect  of  interfering  greatly  with  the 
scientific  work  of  the  entomologists  of  this  country,  and  of 
bringing  to  a  standstill  the  valuable  and  important  work  that 
was  being  done  in  the  interests  of  the  nation  by  the  staffs 
of  the  Museum  and  of  the  Imperial  Bureau  of  Entomology. 
Although  it  is  satisfactory  to  the  Society  to  know  that  that 
preposterous  proposal  has  been  dropped,  the  mere  fact  that 
it  had  been  entertained  by  the  Government  will  give  you 
some  idea  of  what  value  and  importance  they  attach  to 
Entomology.  That  science  has  probably  formed  little  or  no 
part  of  their  education,  and  they  cannot  be  expected  to  see 
as  clearly  as  you  and  I  how  important  is  the  work  done  by 
Entomology,  and  what  great  benefit  it  would  be  to  the  State 
if  it  were  properly  encouraged,  assisted,  and  organised  in  its 
service.  There  are  many  and  various  ways  in  which  Ento- 
mology has  already  proved  itself  to  be  of  great  use  to  the 
State,  and  the  possibilities  for  the  future  are  also  great. 
This  whole  subject  deserves  your  serious  consideration,  and 
I  very  much  regret  that  I  have  not  come  prepared  to  deal 


n,g,t,7rJM,GOOglC 


{    cxxiJi    ) 

with  it  further  this  evening,  but  I  hope  to  be  able  to  return 
to  it  on  some  future  occasion. 

And  now,  Gentlemen,  I  must  thank  you  not  only  for  the 
patience  with  which  you  have  listened  to  me  to-night,  but 
alao  for  the  great  indulgence  which  you  have  been  so  ready 
to  extend  to  me  at  all  times  during  my  past  year  of  office. 
It  is  a  year  that  I  shall  be  able  to  remember  always  with  a 
deep  sense  of  gratitude  to  the  Fellowd  of  the  Society. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Tht  Arahu  fiyvris  r^/rr  to   tht  payrt  of    tkt    '  TTaasaction/,' ;    Iht   Boa,t» 

nvineraU  tt  the  yoytt  of  llit  '  Proctedipyt.' 
Tlie  PreaiJent's  Addrcn  is  uot  sepstotel;  indexed. 

GENERAL   SUBJECTS. 
Aberrant,   wasp,  eihibiteil,    xlix  ;    Geometrid    moths   from  Bsst    Ijotbiin. 

exhibited,  liivi ;  Hitmni  ptnuaria.  exhibited,  luivi. 
Acrata  guirina,  emission  of  fluid  from  the  nDtfUDUi  of,  liii. 
Africa,  obaervations  on  Paasora  in  East,  ili ;  on  a  collection  of  L;pidopler* 
made  iu  East,   jlri,    323 ;    synapoBematic   seriea   of    Lycid  beetle*    of 
tl  speciet  taken  an  one  plant  in  one  daj  in  late  German  Ea&t,  exhibited. 
Ivit :  in  burylDg  its  spider  proy,  metbud  adopted  by  the  Pompilid  ffalv- 
coaia   fuliyiaeaai,   pxliibited.   Mi ;    dragon  fly-like  Aiiilid   flf   of    geuiu 
LasiKKCaua  from   East,    exhibited,  Ix :    Dbserratioas  on  the  mimetic 
females  of  Papilio  danLinas  in  late  German  East,  liv;  of  the  genus 
tfarangtaii   resting  in   boles    iu   the   ground,  further  observationa   <m 
Beiperidat  from.  Iivii, 
Ayriadts  thctit  and  other  Lycaenids,  condition  of  scales  iu  leaden  mslea  of. 

xTi,  165. 
Affiioi  Claudia,  local  forms  of,  exhibited,  iv. 

America,  od  new  and  little-knonn  Laijriidni  from  South,  iii,  169 :  descrip- 
tions of  Micio-T^pidoplera  from  South,  1. 
Ammopkiltt  .•abulosa,  vaiiatiou  in,  exhibited,  liii. 
Ant,  B{Hder  mimic  of,  exhibited,  Ixxri. 

Antennae  of  closely  related  species,  noticeable  dilfereuce  in,  eihibilfd,  xclii. 
Apanleles  ghnieralus,  hyper-parasiten  on,  exhibited,  xlviii. 
Aphidat,  parasites  and  bypet-pansiles  of,  tibihited,  Iv. 
Bato:onas  fa/ii/iiiosiii  iu  burying  its  spider  prey,  metboil  aclopted   by  the 

African  Pompilid,  exhibited,  lix. 
Beetle.  Death-watch,  xvii,  iijii,  xiiii ;  very  ran  British,  exhibited,  1 ;  lining 
Dermestid  larvae,  exhibited,  1 :  synaposematic  aaries  of  I,ycid  bertles  of 
9  species  taken  on  one  plant  in  one  day  iu  late  OeimaD  Bast  Africa, 
exhibited,  Ivii ;  very  ancient,  exhibited,  liiiix. 
Birds,  capturing  butterflies  on  the  wing  at  Oxford,  ixix  ;  arc  rarely  witDeued, 

observation  explaiciDg  why  attacks  on  butterflies  by,  Ixii. 
Braiil,  predaceoiis   Beduvitd  bugs  and  Fossora,  with  their  prey,  from  the 
S.  Paulo  district  of  Soutb-East,  exhibited,  xixit. 


ihyCOOl^lC 


(      CJDtV      ) 

Britiib,  Rhopsloceri,  eihibited,  iv;  Klaltr,  new,  eihilnt^d,  ivii ;  BiiicMs, 
plioUigT^hB  of  uTipoiiitots  of  three,  eihibited,  xii ;  Cteidomf/idai,  ■mllh 
special  refetcDce  to  the  Nortbcro  Oall-flies,  preliroinuj  utalogae  of, 
xiiT,  346;  Cocvids,  two  new,  ezbibited,  iiii;  beetle,  Tccy  rare,  exhi' 
btied,  1 ;  ipeciineii  of  JVola^iifii  bicaleria,  eibibited,  I ;  CkrytopkaHUi 
diipar  TV.  rulilm,  exhibited,  lixii. 
Britisb  Gniana,  notes  on  butterSy  migtatious  in.  iTi,  IS-li  Hymenoptera 

(eiolosive  of  tbe  Foraiicidnt),  not«9  on  some,  397. 
British  Uuseam,  new  apeeie*  of  Hirmeaoptera  in  the.  53. 
BotterHieB,  note  on  mimicrr  in  Oriental,  ii ;  in   British  Guiana,  notea  on 
migrations  of,  xvi,  154;  supposed  hybrii^, exhibited, xvi;  resemblance  in, 
mimetic  and  coD-mimelic,  exhibited,  iirtii :  on  the  wing  captured  by 
Inrds  at  Oxford,  iiix  ;  taken  in  Eafit  Africa,  on  a  collection  of,  ilvi,322; 
nuptial  flight  of,  exhibited,  H;  by  birds  are  rarely  witn<j«sed,  observation 
explaining  why  attacks  on,  liii ;  in  midst  of  dry  season,  euggeated  ex- 
planation of  wet-season  forms  of,  liiii;  another  independent  observation 
of  the  "  false  heul "  in,  lir. 
Bye-law.  new,  read,  i ;  special  meeting  to  consider,  viii. 
Calij/o,  genitalia  of  certain  species  of,  eihilnted,  lii. 
Camphractua  cihcIiu  Uken  at  Oxford  in  I81T,  lixiiv. 
Crriilomyidat,  with  specisl  reference  to  ihe  Northern  Gall-flies,  preliminary 

catalogue  of  British,  xiiv,  346. 
Ctloiiildat,  from  British  India,  new,  exhibited,  xiv  ;  additions  to  knowledge 

of,  ivi,  102 :  from  Hadagawar,  eihibited,  xix. 
Ckatrocompa  tlptnor,  larva  of,  exhibited,  ici. 
ChiyaophaHoi  dispar  var.  ratilu),  British,  eihibited,  lixii. 
Coccids,  two  new  BritJuh,  eihibited,  xxiv. 

Coleoptera,  on  unusual  food-plants,  exhibited,  ilvi ;  of  Ihe  Families  Oilo- 
midat,  Monotemidut,  Cotydiidat  and  Xotiophyaidat  from  the  Seychelles 
and  Aldabra  Islands,  iciv, 
Cotydiidae  and   Xotiophyaidac  from  the  Seychelles  and  Aldabra  Itlands, 

Coleoptera  of  the  Familic*  Ostemidat,  Movotamidae,  iciv. 
Council,  detth  of  member  of,  announced,  viii ;  nomination  of,  Ixiv. 
Dawn,  reappearance  of  sunset  insects  at,  xtii. 
Death-watch  beetles,  ivii,  xiiii ;  exhibited,  xviii. 
Dermeatid  Beetle,  living  larvae  of,  exhibited,  1. 

Diptera,  with  special  reference  to  the  Qall-midges  of  the  North  of  Boglaod, 
preliminary  catalogue  of  British  Cecidomyida/,  ixiv.  34(1. 

Dytiiciit  mar^taaJT), pupation  of,  eihibited,  Ixiiii. 

East  Lothian,  aberrations  of  Geometrid  moths  from,  eihibited,  tiivi. 

Elalir.  new  British,  exhibited,  ivii. 

Fellows,  election  of,  i,  xvi,  xviii,  xix,  iiiv,  ilvj,  ilviii,  li,  lixii,  liiv ;  interned 
in  Germany,  letter  from,  ilv. 

Food-plants,  Coleoptera  on  unnsual,  exhibited,  xlvi. 

Formieidiif,  notes  on  some  British  Guiana  Uymenopter^i,  exclusive  ot  the. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


(    cixvi    ) 

Frey-OmDcr,  Dr.  Bmil,  natiee  o(  d«*th  of,  ilri. 

Gall-Biea,    pnliminarr  cutalogne   of    Brituh    t'tridomjuidnr.    tritti     kprcul 

Tcfereoee  to  tbe  Northeni.  nir,  346. 
G«iutalu  of  eertaia  >pecie«  of  Caligo,  eihibileil,  lii. 
0«ometrid  tnotlu  from  But  LothikD,  mbetrktiiHii  of,  eihibitod,  liiri. 
Gtolmpet  tjiphiitiis,  pupatioD  of,  eibibit«il,  ic. 
OereuDj,  letter  from  fellow  iDterard  iD,>lT. 
Gibbs,  A.  B..  Dotite  of  deatb  of,  viii. 
Hemipldra,  Sooth  Indian,  eibibited,  *iij. 
Hiiptriiat  at  the  fmiu  Saraigna  reating  in  hole*  in  tbe  grmuul,  foTther 

obaerratioiu  do  Afrioa.  Ixrii ;  aalt  probably  lon^t  by.  liirii. 
Heterocfra  from  Hadagaacar.  new  *od  little-knowD,  iiW.  S5. 
Himtra  ptinaria.  dark  abemtitin  of,  eibibited.  Ixxvi. 
HoDorary  Fellow,  death  of,  ilri ;  nomination  of,  Iut. 
Hjmenoptecm,  in  Uw  Britiab  Hnaenm,  oew  ipedce  of.  53 ;  (eielunTe  of  the 

f  Vnnir/dcK),  Dates  on  HHiie  Britiih  Guiana,  291. 
lodia,  Hemiptera  from  South,  eibibited,  Tiii ;  new  (  rWw'itfac  from  Britiah, 

eibibited,  iIt  ;  addi'tiona  to  knowledge  of  Cttoniidtt  of  BritM,  ivi,  102; 

Pupilia  fiolytet  romaUa  from  eitreme  aootb  of,  eibibited,  lixi. 
Insect  life  in  Meaopotamiai,  conditiooj  of,  Iiiti. 
Loj/riiditt  from  South  America,  on  new  anil  liltlc-bnown,  iii,  169. 
Ltitioctitnat,  Bait  African  diagonBy-like  Aiilid  fly  of  genu*,  eibibited.  Ii. 
Lepidopter*,  from  SilDnica,eihilMted,  ii;  made  in  Beat  Africa,  on  a  M^lection 

of,  ilfi,  322  :  further  not«a  on  rerapitnlalory  attltudea  in,  iltii.  ^38  ;  on 

the  prolocerebnim  of  Minvpltiyx,  1 1 2. 
Ljifatna  an'on,  bred,  eibibited,  Iv. 

Lucatnidnf,  inveBtigationa  into  tbe  lile-hiatorim  of  »outh  Nigerian.  l>i. 
Hadagaacar,  Ctloiuidae  from,  eibibited,  xii;  new  and  little-known  Ueterooen 

from,  ixiv,  Sa. 
Migapostra  fatltni,tf\AtT  attacking  the  Berce  Fonerioe  ant,  eihtbited,  li. 
Mendelian  Heredity  in  relation  to  aelection,  two  paper*  on,  Ixiir. 
UeitopotBmia,  conditions  of  insect  life  in,  liivi. 
Hicro-LepidoptEM,  descriptioiis  of  South  American,  1. 
MicTopttri/x  (Lepidopteia),  on  the  protocerebmin  of,  1 12. 
Hicroscopf,  gift  of,  xi. 

Higratiuni  of  butterBies  in  British  (juiana,  notes  on,  Kvi,  IM. 
Mimicry,  io  Orirotal  butterflies,  uote  on.  i\ ;  reaemblance  in  bntterfliea, 

mimetic  and  noa-ioimeljc,  exhibited,  xxTiii ;  another  independent  obaer- 

VBtinn  of  the  "false  head"  in  butternies.  In;    obiervations   on    tfae 

min-.etic  females  of  Papitio  Jardnia  in  late  Germ-m  Bast  AfrMs.  Hi ; 

of  ant  by  spider,  eibibited,  liivi ;  in  certain  butterflies  af  New  Oninea, 

eibibited.  ici. 
3IoHotiimidiit,  Colgdiidat  and  yoliepkj/iidiit  from  Ibe  Seychellea  and  Aldabra 

Islands,  Coleoptera  of  tlie  Families  Ostomidai,  leiv. 
ilorpha  adonis  and  M.  tugtnia  distinct  species.  eibibil«d,  ixv;    new  lob- 

apecies  of  M,  rhiltnor,  eibibjled,  ilviii. 
Mymarid  Caraphraet«»  riuct«»  taken  at  Oiford  in  1917.  Iiiiii. 
New  Guinea,  mimicry  in  certain  butterflies  of,  ezbilHted,  id. 
Nigeria,  infestigationi   into  the   lite-histories  of   Lgeamidat   tram  Soutb, 


ll,y,l,/eJh,G00t5lc 


(    cxxvii    ) 

^aiiofiyiidiu  from  the  Sejreheltes  and  Aldabra  Ulands,  ColeopterB  of  the 
Families  OHinuidat,  Mmotomidar,  Col^diidur  aiii),  iciT. 

yotadmita  birataria,  British  specimen  of,  eibibited,  I. 

Nnptikl  flight  of  butterSiea,  exhibited,  li. 

Obitouy,    C.O.WalerboQse.i:  A.K.Oibbi,viiiiDr.EmilFro;-OesBner,ilTi. 

OflScers,  nomination  of,  Uiii,  Iiit. 

OitBUHtlat.  Manatomidat,  Catyiliidat  and  Notiopkyaidae  from  the  Seychelles 
and  Aldnbra  IiUnda,  Coleopter&  of  the  Familiea,  icir. 

OnipDaitoTB  of  three  Siricidi  occuiriDg  in  Britain,  photographs  at,  exhibited, 

Oxford  in  IBtl,  the  Hymarid  CaTaphraelvs  rinriat  taken  at,  lixiir. 

/"aiiiVioprtaniKf,  exhibited,  iviii  1  forms  of  F.  polgtti  romWiu  from  Singa- 
pore, exhibited,  iix ;  description  of  a  new  form  of  P.  djirdamii,  322  ; 
obsermtions  on  the  mimetic  females  of  P.  daidanni  in  late  German  East 
Africa,  Ixt  ;  F.  petglti  rmnuiiii  from  extreme  south  of  India  and  from 
mainland  opposite  Bingapore  Island.  eibiUted,  lixi. 

ParaBitea.  on  ApanteUa  ylamrratus,  hjper-,  exhibited,  xlviii;  and  hyper-para- 
sites of  Aphidte,  exhibited.  It  ;  Chalcid  panuite  of  Vavetta  urtitae 
naiting  beside  the  laira  preparing  for  pupation,  exiiibi ted  ;  goldeo  pupae 
EHJt  cansed  by  p&rasitism,  Wi, 

Fidiattui  eapitii  and  P.  hamaaui,  further  note  dealing  with  question  of 
speciSc  identity  of,  v, 

Fitrinar,  on  a  collection  of  butterflies  talicn  in  £aBt  Africa,  with  notes  on 
the,  323, 

Prendent,  death  of  former,  auoouuced,  i. 

Pftnmiu  atrli/ti;  note  on  oviposition  of  sawfly,  I. 

Pupation,  oF  Dyliafui  marginalh,  exhibited,  Ixiiii ;  of  Gtolrapei  iyphaeas. 
exhibited,  xc. 

TeduTiid  bugs  and  Foubotb.  with  their  prey,  from  the  S.  Paulo  district  of 
^utb-East  Braiil,  predaceous,  exhibited,  xixiv. 

Rbapalocera,  British,  exhibited,  iv. 

Salooica,  I^pidoptera  from,  ribibited.  ii. 

Salt  probably  sought  by  the  Hnperidae,  lixvii. 

Sarangeta  resting  in  holes  in  tbe  ground,  further  obsenatioas  on  African 
Htiptridae  of  the  genlis,  Ixvii. 

Sawfly,  lanae,  photographs  of,  ilvii ;  Ptenmui  seHifir,  note  on  oviposition 
of.  I ;  with  "  palisade,^'  larva  of.  exhibited,  Ixii. 

Scales  in  leaden  males  of  Agriiidts  Ihttii  and  other  Lycaeoids,  condition  of, 
xvi.  165. 

Seychellea  and  Aldabra  Islands.  Coleoptera  of  the  Families  Ostomidut,  XUaa- 
tomidar,  Colydiidat  and  .Valiophj/iid^e  from  the,  iciv. 

Singapore  Island  and  the  mainland  opposite,  forma  of  Papilio  pnlytii  romulus 
from,  exbibiteil,  xii.  Ixxt ;  descriptions  of  new  species  of  Stapliylimdiu 

Siricids  occurring  in  Britain,  pbotographs  of  or jpoaitors  of  three,  exhiliited, 

Special  meeting  to  consider  new  bye-law,  viii. 

Spider,  prey,  method  adopted  by  the  Africsji  Pompilid  Batotoint) falifinoaua 
in  burying  its,  exhibited,  Iix ;  attacking  the  fierce  Ponetine  ant  Mtya- 
peHtra/otlm,  exUbited,  li ;  mimic  of  ant,  exhibited,  lixvi. 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lL' 


(    cxzviii    ) 


Temperature  kt  which  iniect  life  dettrojtrd,  liv. 

f'lHMM  «rl>M(,  Cbilcid  penute  of,  wutieg  beuJe  the  lam  prepariog  for 

pupttioD,  exhibited,  Iti. 
Vim-PreaideDli,  DomioatioD  of.i. 
Wup,  kbemnt,  exhibited,  ilii. 
Walrrhouse,  V.  O.,  Dotini  of  duth  of,  i. 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


SPECIAL  INDEX. 


abdominalia  (Anthicus).  250 

(SUtira),  2&6,  267 
sbietiperds  (I'erruia),  364,  413 
abietis(AdelKe»),  369,  420 

,,      (Apliidolet«9),  389,  415 
abnomiis  (Huplijna),  xvii 
sbrotani(Mi«>patlia),  SGI,  412 
abruptaria  (Heiiieropliits),  842     . 
abuluta  (Phthorim&ea),  44 
■caotiiomera  (Statira),  177,  26S 
ocerata  (Acraea),  328 

„      r.  Unella  fAcraea),  32S 

,,      r.  viiiidia(Acra«a),  328 

acercriHpaiu  (Peirisia),  3tl4,  413 

„  vnr.    rubella    (Ferris 

364,  413 

aceiia  (Atrichosema),  397,  416 

„     (Caropjlomyia),  403 
acptosae  (Contarinia),  391,  415 
aclisloia  (Bjblia),  331 

r.  vulgaris  (llyblia),  331 


Acra«a,  330 

Acraeinae,  325 

acrita  manca  (Arraea).  3SS.  327 

,.      r.  lidica  (Acraea),  326 
scrophila  (Perrisia|,  364,  413 
acaU(Cliit<>toba),  103 
acatipcDDiilU  (8f  lepta),  99 
Adelgea,  420 
adipp«  (Argynnii),  Iiv 
adonU  (MnnGdiila),xiiviii 
„      (Hoii>ho),    Kxr,   xxvi,    ixv 

„      adonis  (Morpbo),  xivii 
„      iaUrmedia  (Morpho),  xxvii 
„      race  major  (Morpho),  xxvii 
.,      (Papilio],  xivi 
„      (Stictia),  xxxviii 
aegrota  (SUtjra),  202,  266 

PROC.  KNT.  SOC.  LOND.,  V.  1917 


I  oeneomarpiiata  (Statira],  226.  266 
aeneotincta  (Statirol,  212,  225 
I  aeqiiorcs  (Rceurvsria),  39 
laerata  (Protaetia),  111 
I  aerobatica  (Cacoecia),  7 
I  oerufrinoaum  (Teninosonia),  298 
I  itcsculi  (Zeuzem),  iii 

'"   1b  (Perrisia),  364,  413 

iigamemnon  (Papilio),  Imiii 

■  ;e  (Plan^rua).  Ixix 

monUiia  [Plunema),  329 
A^riatidac 


Agatliiuae,  f 

Bgathon  race  phrjxe  (Aporia),  xi,  iii 

aj^stor  (Papilio),  ix,  x.  xi,  xii,  xiii 

,      govindra  (Papilio),  ii,  x.iii 
_  «(Danai8).x 
Agra,  189,  171,  182,200,207 
agTacfomiis  (Statira),  171,  182 
agroides  (Statira),  179.  IHO,  181,  18«, 
266 
(Statyra),  IBO 
alirimancs  (Aiio|iliu*),69 

„         (PsainniochatM),  69 
alliimncula  (Argyroploce),  27 
alliiniaeulaU  (AmanriB),  324 
alljipeDaia  (Loaioptera),  349,  411 


albitarse  (Trypoxyfon),  317 
albofasciata  (HUtint).  257.  25S 
alboguttata  (Atiatoua),  105,  110 

(Protaetia),  103 
albolineata  (iJtatira).  170,  266 
albuniacula  (Siugara),  96 
albotcrminaliB  (Pilodcs),  98 
alcibiadea  (Papilio),  Ixxx 
aloon(Lyca*na),  Iv 
AllodiplosiB.  369,  41S 
alni(PeiTiaia),  364,413 
alopecuri  (OligotropliuB),  352,  412 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


klpina  (Pcrriam),  364,  413 
■lUratua  (Tsrucus),  272,  380,  !81 
altiBona  (Plithoriiuseal.  4S 
aliunilUu  (Ca^ua),  6 
AmsllectiB.  1 

•malthei  (Melipona),  30tl 
Amathnaiidae,  xxii 

AmbljBpatha,  403,  417 

Bmcric;aQB  (FeriplaneCa).  320 

tmethyBtina  (PepaU),  313 

ametina  (Tacliyteii),  31U 

AnietrodiptoHia,  402,  410 

amicalta  (Olyphodes),  100 

Ammophtla,  xiv.  xixvi.  ixiviii 

BDioena  (SUtira),  194,  196,  266 

amwnulua  (Ani>|itiua),  73 

„  (PaammocharFs),  73 

>moenus(LopliDircui),  Iriii 
.,        (Lycus),  Iviji 

ampliatus  (Lyciia),  Iviii 

Ampuliciuae,  SO 

Anabremia.  390,  4tS 

anacardii  (Sal amis),  332 

anacreon  (Acrasa),  327 

„         anacreontica  (Acraea),  327 
„         bomba  lAcraea),  327 
„  „       T-   indiina   (Acrsea), 

327 

auali'i  (Eiiglosaa),  303 
„       (PoTiaUs).  306 

ananda  (CaaUliil"),  289 

„       (Tarucus).  270,  273.  289,  291 
■  aatolla,  xiv,  102 


Andrei 


^290 


aDKlica  (Perrisia\  364,  413 

an^uaUU  (Sutira),  202 

annulate  (Chalcia),  320 

(Statira),  252,  253,  266 
annulatus  (Ueniartes),  iixv 
annulipes  {Harligiola),  3GS,  315,  414 


aDUIua(VJrachoU),  333 
antennalor  (Joppa),  321 
anlliiuoide*  (SUtira),  261,  262.  260 
,,         var.  staiidingeri  (Statira), 
261,  267 
AnthicUB,  242 

■athobia  (Contariniu),  391,  415 
Aulhopliorinac.  300 
anthracina  (AntiiolHKKu),  61 
Anthrax,  316 
Anthrenus,  191 
Antichira,  3S7,  416 
An  tic  li  iridium,  397.  416 
an  till  arum  (Sutira).  230,  267 
antilope  antiiop«  (Precisj,  333 


I  aiAriaea  (Pirriua).  365,  418 
[Aphidae,  W 
,  Aphididae,  346 

AphidiuB,  Iv 
I  Aphidot?t«8,  ^89,  415 
I  aptiiltra  (Aristot«lia),  34 
I  Aphis,  390,  420 
I  Apidae,  29S 
i  Apiomerut,  ixxv 
1  Apis,  icv,  icti,  130,  306 
I  ApoicB,  310 

appendiga9t«r(EvaDia),  320 

aquatica(Leptura),  irvii 

aquilina(Phthorimaca),  44 

Aranvus,  xxxvi 

Arwuthoniyia,  3&2,  412 

nrcuatipes  |3Utira\    191,    192,    193, 
104,  195.  266 

arenacea  (Poljchrosia),  23 

arenanae  (D^'odiplosis),  S98,  416 

argenteolineate  (kphiitoaorpba),  57 

argia  (Leuceronia),  334 

Ai^fllans.  Ui 

Argiopidae,  314 

argosema  (Geiechial,  SO 

argua  (Plebeiua),  ii 

arion(Lvcaenal,  Iv,  107 

aristvlochiae,   (Papilio),    lixi,   lixii, 

'  Aristotclia,  1,  29 

annate  (SUtira),  180.  181.  267 

amoldi  (Elial.  63 
„       (Mesa),  63 

Amoldia,  360,  412 

nrrecta  (Capua),  5 

arrow)  (CleroU),  106,  107 

artcmis  (Austrosatiua),  76 
,,      (F^rreolomorpha),  76 

Arthrocnodax.  389,  41,'i 

Arthroniacrs,  263 

artipara  (Phlegetonia),  92 

arundiuis  (Laaioptcra),  S49,  411 

Asaphes,  Iv 
'  Asilidae,  xli 

aspasia  (CyphoDoiiyi),  78,  80 

„      (Mjgnimia),  78 
!  asperate  (Sutira),  230,  233,  240,  260 
I  Asphondylariae,  385,  414 

Aafhondjlia,  386,  414 

aaaimilia  (Ampulex),  81 

AsUte,  xxxrii,  xiiviii 
,  aslrarche  (Polyomniatus).  ij 

asvmnietrica  (Stetira),  171.  190,  191, 

266 
^  Aijnapte,  402 
I  atelanU  (Pyramfia),  ii,  Ivi 
I  aUlodva  (EulU),  9 
'  Btevus  (Anoplius),  89 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


( 

Dtaviu  (Psammocharcs),  6S 
atenima  (Phjmatocera),  ixii 
atomaris  (Ematurgs),  iii 
atricspitla  (Eucosma],  21 
Atrichoaeroa,  397,  416 
alricoUis  (Statira),  256,  267 
atrifascU  (Phtborini&ea),  45 
AtjlodipIoHia,  402,  418 
BUOUpanae  (Perrisia),  369,  413 
Aagochlora,  299 
anloDOIa  (AriatuUIia),  30 
aurantiaria  (Hybemia),  iciii,  xoiv 
anreopicta  (EuUlia),  91 
aureosericeus  (H^mipepsis),  80 
anreotinctaltB  (Pjrauata),  100 


A  (CtiD 


ia).  Ill 


anroraria  (Hjria), 
aurulenlB  (XylixKip),  300 
auatralaaiaa  (HemitiepBia},  76,  80 

(Mygnimia),  80 
Auitroaalins,  75,  76 
autumnaria  (Ennomos),  licivi 
avenae  (Mayetiola).  866,  412 
Bvia  (Calbptiryi),  ivi,  xvii 
aiillarie  (Permia],  36S,  413 
aztecum  (Eiphoaoma),  321 
bsfdadenHta  (Aethiesas),  102 
Baldratia,  350,  411 
balkanica   (Tanicus),  272,   275,   276, 
277,  278,  279,  281,  287, 


278 


,    (Tan 


277, 


ballotae  (Perruia),  365,  413 
barbata  (Xjlocopa),  300 
barbichei  ((jontarinia),  391,  415 
bwiflava  (Chelura),  xiii 
baailiciis  (Peamniocliaroa),  73 
baaimacula  (Cryptochilns),  78 
baaaianna  (Peammocharcs),  72 
bat«iai  (Statira),  183,  266 
hatillifera  (Macronota),  108 
Batozonna,  65 
bauinaani  (Cliaraxes),  330 
WlfUiiafPerriaia),  365,  413 
becga  (GorKythion),  n 


,  Iii,  1i 


,  liv,  1 


,  I»i 


bellBVoyoi  (Anabremiaj,  390,  416 

,,        (ClinodiploaU),  SeO 
Bembecides,  xli 
Bembex,  ili,  xlii,  Ix 
Betnbicinae,  316 
Bembidula,  316 
btUKalensIs  (Tamcna),  281 
beniDenais  (ATnmopbila),  xiti 
bertlioudi  (Psamraocbarfs),  70 
BertierU,  362 


) 

BethfUdae,  63 

betoiiicae  (Clinodiploaia),  400,  41S 
betulae  (Semudobia),  3S4,  412 
betulicola  (Contarinia),  391,  416 
betnlina  (CoDtarinia),  391,  415 
bicolor  (Camuylomjia),  403 

,,      (Statira),  25S,  2S9 
licoloria  (Notodoata),  1 
bidentatua  ( Dyacinetua),  312 
bifiiraaU  (Statira),  253,  264,  266 
bilmealA  (Caniptogramma),  iii 
bilineolata  vai'.  niobtana  (Nectarina), 
309 

bodhisattva  <Clflrota),  106 

boBtiouH  (PoljoTiiiiiBtus),  833 

Boiiibinae,  304 

liombuB,  304 

Bombji,  xtix,  c 

botularia  (Cliuodiploais),  400,  416 

bowkeri  (Ljcaena),  294 

„       (Tarucus),  873,  294,  296 

Bracbyneura.  388,  414 

Itrachyneurariae,  387,  414 

bracbyntei-a  (Tliecodiplusis),  396,  415 

Bracon,  xxiv 

Braconidae,  Ir,  31 S 

Brauoninaf,  318 

braesia  (Acraca),  325 

braeaia  (Acraea],  326 

,.      f.  regalis  (Aoraea),  326 

brasilianoruin  (Xylucopa),  300 

braailiensia  (Gorytcs),  316 
[Statira),  250 

bcBssicBa  (Daayocura),  865 
„       (Perriaia),  365,  413 
,,       (Pieria),  ii,  339,  340 

braueri  (GcocryiiU),  360,  412 

Breoiia,  389 

brevicarinatiim  (Trypoxylon),  317 

breviuervU  (Catocba),  403 

brevipalpis  (Stefaniella),  350,  411 

brevi]iilis  (SUtira),  263 

brigitta  (TerUs),  Iv,  333 

bHsbaneasia  {Thytmua),  60 

bninellae  (Pciriaia),  365,  413 

bryaiiti    (Statira),     240,    241,    242, 
266 

bryoniae  (Perrisia),  386,  413 

buc«>La!a(PhBlera),  342 

budda  (CIcrota),  107 

buddha  (Calinaga),  i,  xiii 

..      (Papilio),  Ixxxii,  Ixxiiii 

buquetii  (IjCUCL-roniat,  334 

buraarius  (OligutropbuaV  353.  412 

bu\i  (Monarthrolffllpus),  389,  415 

cabira  (Acraca),  328 


Google 


caaUto  (Statin),  1S3,  196 
caeruleipenDii  (Statira),  '211 
otenilBotinota  (Statira),  211,  212,  218, 

217,  218,  288 
oalamagTontidia  (Lasioptera),  350,  41! 
c-albuin  (PolyKonia),  iv 
calduena  f.  neluaka  (Acraea),  328 
caliensia  (Statim),  21S,  2fi6 
faligo,  xii,  nx 
callaxantlm  (Bauiana),  91 
catlida  {Crociduwma),  IS 

,,      (Ustoditilosis),  398,  416 
callidia  (Terocnfofl),  I«v 
callimorpha  (Eiimenea),  312 
callinara    (Tanicus),   272,   274,   278, 
279 
iiigrn  (Taniciis),  278 
calluiia  (Tac)jyt«8),  xixvii 
Calojihaena,  244 
ca)o|>haenoidca    (Statira),   243,    244, 

24&,  266 
ealthella  ( Brioocphala],  114 
„        (MicropteryiLi,  114 
caly|>so  [AuKOcliloral,  299 
catiierona(Pitodeiidorix),  Ui 
camiiaimlae  (CniituriiiU),  391,  41f> 
(Mianut).  sivi 
,,  (Perrisia),  361.  413 

cani[«nu1abi  (SUtira),  238,  268 
CaiiipotiotiiB,  xcvi 
Cainpjloniyza.  403.  417 
Campy  lorn  jiariae.  403,  417 
canaaensis  var.  aiiiaaiiiiiiiiH  (ri)]iat«s), 

306 
catialiciilaU  rKimiKiira).  311,  317 
canaliculata  (Stalira),  213,  266 
nandiope  IChaJaxea),  330 
caphusa  (Aporia).  xi 
capitigenu  (FerriaLa),  368,  413 
laipitis  (Poiiciilus),  v,  vi,  vii 
capnosUctia  (Tortrix),  8 
ca]>reaf  (lt«<iiii^ia},  354,  412 


(U 


m).  X 


r.  nnjor  (OUjtotrophua}.  354 

caracana(StAtira),  219,  266 
t^rapliractUB,  Uxxiv 
cardaniiDi'S  (Perrisia),  368,  413 
cardui  (Phaetiolautliia),  Wl.  414 
,.      (Pvranieia),  ii.  Ixxx,  332 
(Trviictii). 


is  ( PeiTii 


t.  414 


(Tiichodipliwis),  397,  416 
camea  lUstrfiiiiai.  403.  417 
carnrotinrla  (Boraliu).  >''i 
caroiiliilatljisioptcra),  3.^0,  411 
parpiui  iZytJoliia).  356,  412 


casDonioides  (Statira),  170,  173,  237, 
239,  266 

oasta  (Teracolus),  liii,  W 

CaBUliufl,  270,  272.  273 

catiphracta  (Argyroploce),  25 

cateoata  (SUtini),  170,  171,  181,  182, 
187,  188,  192.  193,  266 

Catocha,  403,  417 

CatochrjBOio,  Ixij 

Caupolicaoa,  300 

c^averaoBa  iStatira),  205,  266 

cayenneiiaia  (Bombua),  304 
„  (Kugloaaa),  303 

(Statira),  2S8,  266 

Cecidomyia,  349,  35L,  352,  353,  361, 
355,  356,  3G7,  SS8,  359,  360,  381, 
362,  3S3,  364,  365,  366,  367,  368, 
369,  371,  372,  373,  374,  375,  S76, 
377,  378,  379,  380,  381,  382,  3W3, 
384,  385,  388,  395,  396,  S99,  402. 
403,  416 

Cecidoniyiariae,  388.  415 

Cecidomyidoe,  ixic,  346,  347,  411 

Cecidomyitiaa,  348,  411 

cetaeuB  (UatochrrsolH),  IxiJ 

celimane  (Teraculua),  liiv,  Ixv 

c«utJiuKa«  (Locwiola).  398,  41G 

centralis  (I.estodiploais),  398,  416 

Ceiitris,  301 

CVrambyx,  icvii 

Cerapliron,  Iv 

cerastii  (Perrisia),  366,  413 

Cerc«riB,  xxxvii,  xxxvtii,  316 

cerviia  (Uoliathopaii),  110,  111 

CetoDiidac,  xiv,  xvi,  \ix,  103,  103 

Oetoniinae,  109 

ClialcididBe,lv,S20 

Ciialcidinae.  320 

Ciialcia,  320 

ohalcopt«ta  (Sutira),  205,  266 

chaniaediTa  (PerrUia),  384,  414 

championi  {Statira).  170 

chartariiiB  (Chartergus),  309 

Chart«rginiia,  309 

t'hartijrfcils.  309 

oliviograpta  (Cacoecia),  7 

CbeloniDac,  318 

chiio  (Acraea),  325 
„    i-rystalliDa  (Acmm),  325 

cliloropt«ra  (SUtira),  218.  266 

clilorosonia  ( Pseiidageiiia),  313 

chlorotica  (Pepais),  313 

ChoristDneura,  349,  41 1 

(  liortomTia.  357,412 

chryaanthemi  (UiiDorrhyDcha).  S4B. 
349.411 

ChrFBididae,  317 

Cliryaidiiiae.  317 


ll,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


(    cxxxiii     ) 


chrfsippus  (Daoaida),  323,  324, 327 

f.  albiniu  (Danaida),  323, 
321,  327 
„  r.    Kicippoidea    (Danaida), 


Chrysia,  317 

cbryaononic  (Teracoliu),  334 
chrjBothortii  (Poljbia),  308 
cJDCta  (Veii]ia),  xxxix 
ciDctua  (Caraphnctus),  Ixxxiv 
ciperea  (Lestrnuia),  403 
(dnenanim  (RhalMlopLa^),  363. 113 
cineTeuiD  (Try  poxy  Ion),  317 
circamducU  (ijlstira),  217,  266 
cirsii  (Perriaia),  366,  413 
dthaeroD  (Cliaraiea),  330 
clatlinta(Foniicia),  31S 
clatliratiu  (CarabiiB),  xr 

(Taruciis),  2B2.  293,  294 
dandia  (Agriaa),  iv 

,.      f.  anmonica  (Agriaa),  iv 
„      r.  sahlkei  (A^rias),  iv 
cluuilia  (I'errieia),  372,  413 
clnvsta  (Elu).  S2 
cUvifei  (KhabdopliOKa).  3S1'  113 
clavilineatuB  (Odyneriia),  313 
clu vines  (Meli^miB).  304 
cleodora(Eroiiia),  331 
Clerota,  xiv 

ClinodiploaU,  389.  390, 100,  4:3 
Clinorrliyni'lia,  348,  411 
cloanthe  (Catacropt«r*),  33'^! 

obscurior  (CatocropUra),  332 
coelestis  ( ICilchroea).  xix 
Coelioxynae,  303 
Coelioxys,  303 
C«1odera,  109 
Coilodera,  109 
Colaapoides,  xxxvii 
Coliaa,  liv 

ralombica  (SUtlra),  2fi7,  267 
Colpartiirum,  171,  212,  266 
commixtuji  (Cryplocl.eilii-.),  78 
(Cryptochilus),  78 
coni|nrsU  (Pseudaf^vnia).  313 
complaiiula  (Lithoeia),  iii 
compoiiitarutn  (Permia),  .1R7,  413 
nim|ir«iaicorpiB        {I.ygaeonematiia), 

ilvii,  Ixix,  Ixx 
coiupresaiventris  (Ampulrx),  81 
ComjHoaaru,  "' 

Mlfector  (Cj 

mrerta  (Epifai   ,     .. 
conGrmata  (Oxrln'hiu),  39 
conHicU  (Polyhjmno!,  51 


co»ru8(u  (PUronibniB),  61 
conigcni  (Ampulex),  82 
coniophaga  [MycDdtploais),  401,  418 
roiiiiexH  (Stotira),  242,  296 
Conocephaloides,  xxivi 
coDradti  (Dicrogeniuni),  54 
consimiiio  (Ponipilus),  65 

„        ( Psamnioctiares).  65 
cunaoua  (Gelechia),  50 

ritt  (Teplirosia),  342 

ilata  (8t«tim),  17S,  240,  252 

:trU(Po]ybia),303 
ContarinU.  391,  392,  395,  410,  115 
cantigua  (KphiituTiiorpha],  54 
couvexiuaciila  (Sutira),  22S,  266 
convolviili(Protoparce),  iii 
cordatA(Euxl<MSa),  302,  S15 
Oorethra,  ^xxxv 
eoiidon  (Agriadea),  iv 

,,       ab.  saiiu9yiigrepbB{Ag]'iBdes), 

corui  (Cran«iobia),  356,  412 
coruirex  (DiHhunuomyia),  368,  415 
corona  (DiH1uf{is),  Ixxxvii 
corniRana(MBerolabiB),  359,  412 
curyli  (CunUrinia),  392.  415 

,,      (Mikomyia),  351,  412 

„       (Perrisia),  367,  413 
«.ryliua(Pmri3iB),  367,413 

(Stictodiplosia),  396,  415 
Cosilidae,  53 

cuamugrapha  {AristvUlia),  36 
coainoptila  (CnKidosvma),  17 


™atorii;en»ii  (Xtatira),  170,  175,  . 

177.  266 
ooNti|i«nnia  (iHoduntia),  315 
I  „         (Sphex),  81B 

{ Crabronidac,  80 

j  CrabroninBL',  83 
nracuie  (CotifatriDia),  392,  415 
CTaiieiobia,  356,  412 

I  crii)»icornis  (RUtira).  17'i,  223 

I  crawinen-a  (Cyrtodiplosis)  389,  41 

I  oratiKgi  (A]>uria).  ii 

I        „       (Pmisia),  367,  413 

I  crawaliayi  (Arapulcx),  80 

,  CremaJitoKaater.  Ixi.  311 
mbrici'iKi  (Slatira).  2.^9,  230.  206 
crimtuB(Poli>it«ii).  307 
i-n«riPollis  (SUtira),  256 
CroddospniB.  1,  16 
cruciata  (Statira),  254.  263 
crueiret»{Antlirafopliora),  102 
craatariajPhtlinriinaea).  42 
Crvptoubeilua.  xxxvi,  78,  80 
Crjptufiiilua,  78,  313 


u,y,l,7rJM,G00glc 


cucubali  (ContBTinia),  392.  416 
cupratA  (Peronea),  14 
cupreotiucta  (SUtira),  21G 

cupreoviridiB(Statira),  207,  208,209, 


cuHpidata  (Statiro),  184,  1S5,  266 
cyaneua  (Pouninu),  xxi,  xxii 
cVanipennia  (Statira),  2ri7,  25t),  261 


Cyclopideg,  83  J 
cydippe  (ArgyDiiisj,  in- 
cylindricollia  (SUtira),  260,  261,  266 
cjmotoina  (Argyroploce],  26 
Cyuipidar,  It,  346 
cyntfiia  (Ariatotelia),  32 
Cyphoiionjx,  78,  80 
Cyitudiplosis,  389,  41G 
cyniB    (Papilio),     xxx,    x\xi,    Ixxx, 

Ixxxi,  Ixxxiii 
Cy8tii*ora,  358,  359,  412 
cjtberoea  (Ariitotelia).  32 
ilKtylidialMayotiola),  356,  412 
daedalue  (Hamaliumida),  331 
dallBtorreaiia  (Melipona).  306 
datnovleef.  darnoclides  (Amauris),  324 
Danaidae,  323 
Danainae,  xiii 
daphliM  (Perri^),  367,  413 
daplidice  (Pieris),  ii 
danlaiiua  (Papilio).  336 

r.  ceiiea(i'apilio),  Ixvii 
,,        r.  hippocooii  (Papilio),  Ixvi, 
llvii,  336 

poIytrophuB  (Papilio),  33S, 
337 


tibuIlUB  (Papilio),  336,  336, 


337 


„        t.  trLni«ui(Papilio).  336 

,,        f.      troplioniiia      (Papilio), 

IxTii,  336,  336 

darwiniaiia  (Ep1int«nior|ilia),  55 

Dasyneura,  350 

Daa^proctu«,  84 

davidi  (Agalop«),  xiii 

davidii  (Calini^ta),  xiii 

decora  (Cliateria),  111 

d«coratH(Euglo9Ha),  303 

(NotOBorii),  xxxvii 

a«roIiaria  (Hy1>ernia),  xdii.  xciv 

degeeri  (Rlinbdophaga),  363,  413 


d^eaiii  (Clielura),  xiii 

,,      (SUtira).  211,  266 
Delias,  xcit,  iciii 
Deltoidae,  96 
densata  ( Ph  thoriiiia«a ),  42 
dentata  (Cnephasia),  11 
denticulata  (Statire),  170,179 
denticulatum  (Podium),  315 
dentigera  (Stntira),  178,  268 
dentipes  var.  ftavoscapiilam  (I.yciu), 

tM^ro- 

lycus), 

ileKtiptaiut  (EuiMisiiia),  22 

deapeclua  (Roliathopflia),  110,  111 

destructor  (Mayetiola).  356,  412 

deviucU  (AniallectiB},  1 

dharta  (Tanieus),  iI91 

diardi(UBcronoU),  109 

DJatra«a,  318,  320 

DichBlomjia,  362.  368.  384 

Dicbodiploaia.  400 

Dicbrona,  389,  415 

Dicrogeniiini,  53 

didyma  vur.  occidfotalis  (Melitaea),  li 

didyniata    a)>.   cimeigera   (lAmitia), 

Didyoniyia.  353 
Dielis.  313 
Ilifflugia,  Ixxxvi 
di^DA  lEacoxnia),  22 
diluU  (Statira),  210.  211.  266 
diiiiidiata  (Eu);lo»ia).  301 
(Pepsis),  313 
„  (Polybia),  SOS 

Diplosariae,  388 
Diplosiuo,  392,  400 
DiploaiB,  389,  390,  394,  397,  398,  399, 

400,  406 
Dirbiza,  402,  IIS 
diacisa  (Beiubidula).  316 
Disema,  264,  266 
Dialiomiomyia,  388,  415 
dispar  (CbryBophaniis),  iii,  Ixxiij 

var.  nitiluB  (Chrysophanus),  ii, 
Ixxii,  Ixxiii,  341 
disBimilia  (Papilio).  Ixxxi  ii 
diatiRma  (Statira),  170.  235.  266 
disttncta  (ToiTDorrbina).  109 

rar   |-ilipes  (Torynorrhina), 
109 

distinctiBaima  (Cbryaia),  317 
diverBJiicB  (ICphutomorplu),  55 
div'M(DicBifla),  111 
dirinatoria  (Atropos),  xvii 
divJBa  (Stutiro),  21D,  211,  212,  26S 
diylluB  (Pilodeudorix),  Ixi 


l„y,l,Ajh,COOl^lC 


doddi  (ijiq>1iii9).  86 

„     (Peaniniocliares),  6K 
doiiertji  (Drusillopeis),  xxix 
dolus    TAr.     vittatA  (PolyoiDmatiis), 

lefl,  167,  168 
doDiratici  (Muxca),  xcvii 
domeBticum  (Anobwin),  xvH,  nviii 
doininuls  (Caltiniorpha),  16$ 
dorsata  (Divlis),  313 
doryca  (Mj-nes),  xcii,  xciji 
dor^cnii  (Asphondjlia),  386.  414 
droniioides  (SUtira),  237,  238,  239, 

288 
Dromius.  160,  173.  SSa,  249 
Dnnophita,  Ixxxviii,  Ixxxix 
drvobathra  (Gelrahia).  19 
do'obia  (MacrodiplosiB),  3B9,  418 

(Mocrolabin),  402,  421 
dryope  (Eurylela),  331 

aD;culitt*(Eur;t^la),  ^M 
dryophila  (Contarinia),  394,  41* 
drypetis  (Lethe).  Isxx 
dubia  (Cecidoiuyia),  3S1.  413 

,,     (HjboiiiDnaa),  332 

,,     r.  minis  (Hvpulimnaa),  332 

„     f.  wahlhen^  (Hvpol<"">B8),  332 
diibiou  (Rhatidopiiaga),  361,  413 
duplex  (Xeocoenyra).  324 
dureli  (litycosia),'  109 
davirivri  (Lycus),  tviii,  lix 
D^odiplode,  398,  416 
eburata  (Gelcchia),  50 
echeria  (Amauns),  324 
echinus  (Urentius),  viii 
ednsa  (Coliaa),  li,  In 

„     var.  helice  (Coliaaj,  ii 
egaensis  (Statira),  234,  2S6 
egeria  (Pararge),  tv 
tfiflne,  (Acrsea),  326 

,,     areca  (Acraea),  326 
harriBoiii  (Acraea),  326 
Eiphasoma,  321 
Eiatj-r,  xvii 
elatii«(Pompiliia),  73 

,,      (Paammdchares),  73 
eleeto  (Colias).  334 
elegans  (Hoterorrhina),  110 

(Sutira).  170,  221),  23.^,  236, 
237,  244.  266 
elefCantula  (Statira),  170,  243,  266 
Elidiiiae,  60 

eliniinata  (Sarangesa),  Isi'ii,  Ixviii 
E[ia,  63.  313 

ripeitor  (Cliaer(icaiii{ia],  xci 
eluUliB(ryransta),  100 
enccdou  (Acraea),  327,  32S 

„        r.  alcippioa  (Acravaj,  327 
r.  daira  (Acraea),  323,  327 


I  encedon  f.  infiiscata  (Acraea).  328 

I.  lycU  (Acraea),  328 
I  eiiclitica  (Fhalonia),  3 
,  Endaphis,  3S0,  41.'i 

ciiKHtieldi  (Perrisia),  367,  413 
'Epeira,  xxxvi 

Ephednia,  Iv 

ephoria  (Ariatotelia),  36 

Kpbjra,  341 

epieaate  (Staphylus),  ixxviii 

Epidiarls,  301 

Epidosia,  402 

vpilobii  (Perrjaia),  368,  413 

Epinepkele,  lii 

Epipaschianae,  97 

Epiayrnn,  xxxvi.  84.  65,  67 

Epi  tragus,  xxiiii 

cpitricha  (Phtborimaea),  47,  48 

vqiiatarialia  (Acraea),  327 

,.  anaemia  (Acrvea),  327 

equpatria  (Haptodiploais),  399,  416 

Eretia.  IxriU 

ericina(PerriaJa),36S,  413 

Eriocephala,  112, 114 

Eriucrania,  114 

Eriupliyidae,  348 

eriphia  (KerpaeDia),  lili 

ei'ia  (Teracolua),  ixiv 

erithoniuB  (Papilio),  Ixxxiij 

eriacea  (Papilio).  xxix 

eronioidea  (Clielura),  xiji 

erubeecens  (Parapompilua),  xxxvi 

erycina  (Anstotelia),  31 

i'rytbraa[ii9(Evauia).  320 

erythronotfl  (Anthobosca),  63 

erytbropoda(l!:ti8),  62 
„  (Mesa),  62 

(Pleaia),  82 

erjtbrostctbus  (Ponipilus).  74 

,,  (Psa 111 mocli ares),  74 

esebria  (Acraea),  329 

r.  jackMini  (Acra«a),  329 
„       f.  nioateironia  (Acraea),  329 
„      f.  Dubilata  (Acrsca).  329 
„      r.  prut«a  (Acraea),  329 

ctheoclcs  (Cliaiaxes),  330 

eiibtilc  (Callidrjaa),  154, 155, 156, 167, 
160,  161,  162,  163.  164 

Eiicrra,  300 

EiicoBDia,  16 

Eucosmidae,  15 

eugenia  (Morpho),  ixv,  xxvi,  nxvii 

nraueU(Morplio),xxvui 
Eiialossa.  301,302 
I'Mgiossoiiles  (MeliUiiiia),  SOI 
Eumenea,  311,312 
Eumeuidinae,  310 


n,g,t,7.dh,G00glc 


f,  334 

Kuri|>us.xu 

cDiyderAiStetini),  219.  22%  224,  2Sll 
eurjiantba  ( Huphina),  xc[i 
evagore  ITencoliiH),  »34 

r.  Biiti)^iin  (Teracolns),  331 
cronesrens  (8tatira),  253 
Evaois,  320 
Evrniiidar.  320 
Evaniinac,  320 
evidetm  (Eucusms),  19 
enocta  (Plitfaorimora).  46 
ExaeretP.  303 

excerjita  ( Epliiitomorplia),  G5 
exigua  (Sutira),  25ii 
exiniia  (Caupolicaua),  300 
Exomalopaia,  301 
expulsus  (Agenioiileui).  74 
rxtricatiis  (Tanicus),  272,  274,  27B 
Taceta  (Arfwroploce),  25 
rBgi(MikiDla),  887,414 
rasiiieiis  (OIiKotrophuB),  S.^S.lia 
falcataria  (Falcana),  338,  341 
htkensteini  (Uranotbanma),  333 
bllal  (Dirlie),  313 
fascials  (Anisoptera).  xxxvii 

■      ','.        (Pu^bia),308 

(SteKOiiiyia),  xviii 
faaciatiia  (Plebpiiu).  202,  203 
(TarucuB),  2lt2,  2C3 
fastidiosuaoula  var.  saiiipniui(Poljl>ia), 


faatutwa  (Cunida).   xlvi 
faluelhis  (ParnHni),  Ixxvii 
favosa  (Melipoiia),  304 
ffcundator  (Aiidric;UB),42i 
fcinoratis  ( Lycus),  Iviji,  |[x 
„      (Mrralycui),  Iviii, 
ferrugitifa  {SUtirn),  24f> 
fe»tiva(Kn<!o™),  300 

„      (SUtint).  235,  2«7 
fif(u1ua(RcHjphron).  3ir 


A(P»iTitiia).36it.  413 
filicornis  (Ktatira),  2t>l,  262,  266 
aiii«iidiilae(PvrriHU)..'i83 

„         (Zyunena),  iii 
(InibriaU  (Xyloro|n),  299 
fiiiclicri  (Hormoinyia),  388,  415 
tinioulaU(Tortrix),  e 
ftrtulare  ( Seel iph ran),  302,  314 
llaTa  (Cccidomyia),  399,  416 
flnvJcomU  (AUotria),  Iv 

„        (SlAtira).  213,  323 
naTipenni3(Me1i|)ona].305 
flavipea  (Cainpylonijia),  403 


HavnfaseiHta  (Uacronota),  108 

„  (Sotiistocerea),  xxxvii 

11avopioU(ElU).313 
flavoscutellatiiB  (KeiiicoapiluB).  321 
flaToaiftnatd  (Statira),  175, 177,  2tMt 
Havovttr«ta  (SUtira),  256,  257,  2<iT 
flavua  (Cyplionoiivx),  7» 
flesuslTagiadesJ.SSi 
fleiilinennn  (Peranra).  14 
tlorica  (MisoiAtha),  351,  412 
llorip«nlB  (Perrisia),  368,  413 
flonim(Miaoi«tlia|.  351.  412 
Hosouloi  iim  (Perrisia),  38R,  413 
i  lluctiiaria  (Cidaria),  iii 
fluctuatu  {MelBiiipp«1,  txxvi 
fluTJalis  (TiruciiBl.  202,  293 
foeUns  ( Mp^^poiiera).  Ix 
folioruni  (Minnjifltlia).  351,  41:1 
foreslaii      ( Rhopalocampta),      Ixivii, 

IxxHii 
Forficaln,  124,134 
Formica,  xcvi 
formosa  (Daiiaida),  323 

(StBtira).  196.  2«IS 
foniiaitB(pBelid«lteriB),  6 
Fornicia,  318 

TortiBpiiiua  (La4io)ihonui),  31S 
FosBores,  312 
t'oveirollis  (SUtim),  236 
fragiliconiis  (Othryadw).  202 
fraxincn(DaBTiieural.  368 

„      (Perrisia),  368.  413 
fraiinplla  (Arthrociiodaxl.  389,  41S 
frsxini  (EriophyeB),  389,  410 

„      (Perriaia).  368,  400,  413,  119 
fivya  (Tpriomima),  333 
fiiteiii  (Hormonivm),  388,  415 
fronbilii  (Poiupifus),  70 

„        (PBaiiimocliarm),  66,  70 
(Sphe>).  70 
rrurtunni  (Perrisia),  368,  413 
filKax  (Tryi»xylon),:tl7 
Fiil){oridap,  ix 
fuliginoBUB  rar.  iwpillulinilia  (BbIaeo- 

riilva  (Stjitira).  229,  230,  266 
rnlrieoHis  (Anthiciis),  a5« 

(.StaUra),  2.M,  237,  r.R.  2fiU 
„        var.    dismidalis    (StAlira), 
256,  257,  267 
riilviUrsiB  (Stciiooonis),  xxxv 
fdvoraBciaUfPotybia).  307 
riilromneulata  (Smicni),  330 
fuBCB  (Le^tremia).  404,  417 
„    (Sibine).  318 
„    (atatira),177 
fiwcicomU  (Palybia),  308 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


(  " 

fnscipalpis  (MeffAfhogas),  320 
fascipennis  (Antliicus).  2&6 

(Statira).  '^56.  267 
fuscitATsis  (Stetira).  162, 193, 2m 
gnltwnea  (Plialonia),  2 
gsleobdolantia  jPerrisU),  36»,  413 
^lii  (Peirigift),  369.  413 
„    (Trottari»),349,4ll 
g»liicola  (PerrisU),  369,  ^13 
galioram  (Schizomyw).  38r>,  414 
l^llomm  (Dichiona),  389,  4t5 

gsUi[>er(lB  (ParBlleloJiplosiH),  400,  41 


canthin 


e,  S14 


gBuUiiia  (CnliDaga). 
gui  (CoiiUrinia).  392,  41: 
tCeUUIU(Tjii»a),  xcii 
Gelechiadae,  28 
geminata  <Jo]>[>a),  321 
gammaU  (Statira).  179. 
(SUtj-ra),  189 


267 


gemnilfer  (Stati 
g»nuulata(9tatira).170.  1' 
188,  189,  190,  196.  266 
geuutae{As|>liandyliB).  386,  414 
gtnistam torque ne  (Perrisia).  3»9, 
senisticola  (Perriaia),  369,  413 
Keutianae  (Perrbis),  370,  413 
Geocrypta,  380,  412 
GemnetriciHe,  xiix,  8S 
Geotruj>e3,  xci 
geranii  (Dasyneura),  370,  40S 

,,      (Pcrrisia),  370,  40G,  413 
f^nnaiiica  (VeB]ia),  xlix 
gerstackeri  (Coliorthnim),  246 
giurdi  (Zetixtdiplmis),  397.  416 
giardiana  (ThefodiplosiB),  397 

,,        (Zeuxifiii'loHis),  397.  41 
g{dica  ( Belenoia),  liv 


«2,2t 


l3(8Lt1 


..     (Zetlius],  312 
girandi  (Pernsia),  378.  414 
giraudiuDa  (Rhabdophaga),  ItKl.  413 
glabrata  (SUtira).  170.  179,  208,  209 
glahrJRollis  (Ftcroiiibrnii),  61 
gladiata  (Pulyhymnn),  !il 
glflchomaa  (Permia),  371,  413 
gloliifcra  {Campv]omj7a),  403,  417 
ftlubosa  (ExomafopsU),  301 
IClomeratiia  (Apantelca),  xSviii 
gloriosa  (Hypocaljnmia),  90 


.,  376,  413 


Goryt«s,  316 

Gorytinac,  316 
goyawnsia  (SUtira),  254 


tvii  •  ) 

gntnilU  (SUtira),  264,  26G,  266 

gramiiiva  (Aiigouhlora),  299 

grammicft  {Coscinia},  iii 

,,         (Lycaenesthes),  283,  234 
,.         (TarucTia),  272,  288 

grajidia  (Horntotnyia),  368,  415 
,,      (Omiuatothelxis],  xxix 

granifei  ( Pseudhormoiiiyia),  39S,  4H 

gratioaa  IStatsre).  213,  214.  221,  266 

gravida  (Monedala),  xxxviii 
,,      (Stictia),  xxxviii 

gregalis  (PhtLorimaea),  43 

gri9ealia(l'~ilodpa),  98 

griseaU  (Perigea).  8S 

giiseicollin  (Ceciduniyia),  331,  413 

grasaulariata  (Abraxas),  iii 

Gryllodes,  ixxvii 

Otyllus,  xixvii 

gmanae  (HeU|>ona),  30G 

guianense  (Rhopalosoma),  313 

guttatiui  (Parnam),  lixriii 

Hadmbrcmift,  390,  415 

Hacniatopoltt,  ili 

Haemonia,  IJb.  266 

haeirioDiDidea  (»tatira).  265,  266 

haitiensis  (Statira),  2b5,  266 

halimede  <T«racolus),  334 

lialterata  (Cani)-ylouiyza;,  40» 

HapaloaariH.  37 

Haplodiploais,  399,  41S 

Hannatidia,  391.  400.  416 

liamiodiua  (Paiiiliu),  xlix 

haroDa  (Oiyiialpiis).  xli 

harrisi  (Riiploea),  xii 

hartigi  (Oligotropliua),  353,  412 

Hartigiola.  385,  414 

hector  (Papilio),  xxxiii,  Ixxi,  Ixxxi 

heliaiithcnii  (ColitarinU),  392,  415 
Helioonidoe,  xixix 
helioiantlia  (Amorbia),  12 
bellwigi  (Chortoniyia),  357   412 
Ilemipepsia,  80 
Hi!t>Lco»pilus,  321 
lieraclni  (ConUriuia),  302,  415 
Ilfsperidac,  xxxviii,  xli,  txxt,  337 
hrtcrabia  (Kliulidopbngii),  361,  413 
HeteiooBra,  xcviii 
leUr™-)n>ii[Fl9).  61 
(M  «a),  61 
I      rogan  nfbU).  •!2 
Ilet*  on  all   »   xxxvi 
Heteropez  nae   404 
H  »   son  A  Ix 
1  aWfF    -jt  la),  331 

1  ta  (F  rrtcla),  331 
hieraeii  (CysUpbora),  358,  412 
„      (Macrolabis),  359,  412 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


hindei  (LfucDi-liitoDea},  xl[ 
hippocrejiidie  (Mocrolabis),  35S,  412 
hirtella  (Epiooinetis),  ]03 
hUtrio  (SWtyra),  ITS,  287 
hoici  (Hajretiola),  36l1.  412 
holostrao  (Perrisia),  371,  413 
homo^hjla  (Tortrix),  S 
hononus  (E[)itfllii),  hi 
hopei  (Euploea).  lii 
hord«i  (Mayetiola),  367,  412 
Uorniomyia,  85J,  889,  398,  415 
baouniu  (Pediculus),  t,  vi,  vti 
humeraliB  (Stetira),  230 
bumiliB  (Agenioideiu),  "Vs 
Huphina,  xcii 
hniliiui  (DielU),  313 
HyantJB,  xxix 
hjtilaeoidea  (Bleniun),  92 
)iTgrophiU(PerTiBiB),  S72.  413 
HjmeiiopUra,  2ST,  298,  311 
hyperioi  (Perrisia),  372,  413 
hypochoeHdig(.Stictodiplo«iB),39<^,41.'i 
jcsrus  (Polyommatus),  li,  iv,  I&7 
ichaeumoDcus  (Sp1j«x],  xxxvi,  315 

IchiieumonidHe,  321 

IchneuinoiiiliBe,  821 

Idiops,  xxxvi,  xl 

itporate  (Perrisia),  372,  413 

ilici*  vtt.  cerri  (NordmBUnis),  ii 
„     (Theclft),  ii 

ilionelu  ilioneus  (Caligo),  330 

ilithyia  (Byhlia),  xii,  331 

illoqucata  (Capua),  6 

illaniinata  (Sparganotliis),  13 

illunaria  (Selroia),  343,  345 

illiMtraria  (Seleiiia),  343,  344 

imiUtor  (CeiverU),  xxxvij 

imminensfSpilDDoto),  15 

impavida  (Potosin),  108 
„        (Protaetia),  103 

impendens  (Crovidosema),  17 

impolita  (Argyroploce),  28 

impresaipcnnis    (Statira),    171,    206, 
207,  210,  S66 

inchbaldiana  (Perrisia),  372,  413 

iiicisicDllJB  (Stiitira).  248,  206 

inclusa  (Herrina).  372,  413 

incon«l«ns(Statira).  212 

inousa  (Cuepliaaia),  12 

inrerualia  (Montezumia),  Sll 

itifunrnta  (8curio]isin).  xxjx 

infundibuiironnia  (Matitpnumia),  Sll 

ingena  (SUtira),  170,  218 

inaignu  (Acra«a),  325 

,,      giRinna  (Acraea),  325 

insularis  (Statim),  217,  228,  22S,  268 

interrupt*  (Melipona),  304 

intemiptcpostata  (Statira),  180 


olVan 


»),i 


tpliiaulax,  318 

Iridopsis,  Ixi 
'  'iia(S7no«4ra),310 
la  (Delias),  xcii 
pgularia  (SUlira),  257 
isognunmata  (Tephroclystis),  342 
iteoliia  (Prrrisia),  361 

.,     (R)iabdopha|(B),  361,  413 
lt«aiu^ia,  354,412 
IthomiiDae.  xxiix 
Itoplectis,  3til 

jacobaeae  (Stictodiplosia),  396,  415 
JaoeUclla,  355,  407,412 
jason  (Papi)io).  Iixx 
Jasaidae,  xxxv,  Ixi 
jcrmjiii  ( Psrtiffltina),  li,  xii 
juanDisi(Mayetiola),  357,  412 
jobaea  (S'ephemiiia),  iciii 
johnstoni  (Acraea),  829 

,.       f.  courasa  (Acraia),  329 
Joppa,  321 

juc:nn(la(Pei)8iB),  31S 
.  unci  ( Uroiuyce»),  401.  420 

uniperina  ( Lestnmia ).  404,  417 

uniperinus  (Oligotropbus),  352,  412 

ariiiri{Polybia).308 

iirtioa  ( Epmephelp).  iii.  lii 
.  uvenons  ( Taurunis),  xxi,  xxii 

:arechi  (Khabdophat^),  361,  413 

kdlueri  (Perriaia),  373,  41S 

Itipfferi  (PcrriaU),  373,  413 

Kiclfel'ia,  385,  414 

kicfleriaua  (Perrisia),  373,  413 

kivuensis  (Aeraaa),  326 

klugi  (Cliutcria),  111 

„     (RUabdoplis^),  362,  413 

klugii  {Euplooa)<  xii 

kneuckeri  (Honnoniyia),  3S8, 415 

kriatenaeui  { Ampulex),  81 

kurandeiiaia  (Anopliua),  64 
„  (ICpisyrou),  64 

labiatiia  (Mischocjttonia),  310 

l8bilia(Poinpilus),  72 

„       ( Psammncbar^a),  72,  73 

laboriosa  (Profopolybia),  308 

labl-oss  (Centris),  301 

Lacliuocuema,  Ixi 

l^o^La  (Gel«c1iia),  48 

lacliiis  (Sarangew),  Ixvii,  Ixviii 

lacvinodis  (Mynuica),  Ir 

la«VLUsciili  (Xeuodiplosis),  399,  416 

laeviusciiltia  (Nenroterus),  3^9,  420 

LaKria.  170 

lamii  (Peniaia),  373,  413 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


Lainpides.  270 

luisUi;Ue^hiie),  303 
lui^Di  (DicbodiploBis),  400 
Unipes  (Apiomerus),  xxxv 
„     (Centris),  301 

Un  (Delias),  xcii 

lariuiB  ( Pemsi&),  373,  413 

lariasB  (MelaiiDirgis),  iii 

Lht™.  316 

LBrrinae,  31fi 

LasiocnemuB,  Ix 

Laaiophorus.  318 

Lasioptcra,  349,  350,  410,  411 

LusiopterBritt*,  346,411 

LMiopterjx,  387 

Laxiotliyris,  4 

lateralis  (IStatira),  211,  212,  216,  22G, 

22fl,  227, 266 
UtenilU  (Cecidomjia),  399, 416 
lateiitUta  (Statin),  223,  234,  266 
latlionia  (Issoris),  ii 
Uthjri  (ConUriuia),  392,  415 

,,      (Perrisia),  873,  413 
lathyricoU  (Perrisia).  373. 4  IS 
laticoliia  (SUtira),  179,  197, 198, 199, 

217,219,266 
laUl«H  (Catocha),  403,  417  * 

LecBuiain,  xxiv 
lechegTiana  (Nectarina),  309 
leda(Eroiiia),  334 
,.   (Physcaeaeura),  324  ! 

leiliu  ((>dimon),  155 
„     (Umaia),  155 

lemeei  (Janeticlla),  35ft,  112 

lemalca  (Spal^),  333 

lenta(PlitWimaea},  41 

lenticukris  (Neurotus),  400,  421 

leonidaa  leonidas  (Papilio),  335 

leontodoutis  (Cystipliora),  368, 412 

lenpardua  (Tanicusj,  292,  293 

lepidobirtua  (Anopliua),  64 
(Episyron),  64 

Lepidopteia,  xcviii,   xcix,   124,   127, 
140,  321),  322 

iBpricuri(Mouleiumia),  310 

Leptura,  xrvii 

Le>t«diploals,  398.  416 

Leatremia,  403,  417 

Lastremiariae.  403,  417 

Lestreminae,  346,  403,  417 

leacanthemi  (Clinorrhyucha),  349,411 

leucomelaB  (SindriH),  98 

lencolnesaaa  (Eacosma),  23 

leucophaea  (Leslr«mia),  404,  417 

lencopicU  (Trachpa),  90 

levana  (Areachnia), 


libera  (Perriaia),  374.  413 

liebeli  (Honwli ptosis),  402,  416 

ligncaCrortrix),  9 

llKOslri  (Schixonijin),  385,  409,  414 
,,      (Sphinx),  itcix,  c 

lUaciiia  (Staiiropus),  85 

liinBtuU(LasioLhjTia),  4 

limniace  ( Danais),  xii 

ItmDoria  tareta  (Precis),  333 

limpidiiK  (Anopliua),  67 
,,  (EpiaTroli).67 
„       (PaanimocbareB),  67,  68 

linariav  (ConbU'inia),  393,  415 

lineata  (Melipona),  UOS 

litliartcfroidca  (Borolia).  89 

litJioBperrai  (Perrisia),  374,  414 

litigioea  (Gel«;bia),  49 

liviaa{Ainphipyra),  iii 

lobiUirsis  (MegBcbile),  303 

Locuatidae,  xxxvi 

loewianus  (Oligotiophus),  353,  412 

■.oewiola,  398,  416 

loiigiceps  (Statira),  180.  181,  266 

longicollia  (Statira),   136,    187,   191, 
200,  266 

loii)(ioornia  (Eucera),  icv 

longimana  (Centris).  301 

loHgipes  (Pomeondyla),  402,  416 

lougiTcntris  (CI [nodi ptosis),  390.  415 
(Hadrobreniia),  390,415 

louicerearum  (Contarinia).  390 

(Syndiploaia),  390,  415 

Loplio^ra,  98 

Iwiuax  (Pbtborimaea),  45 

lotliariagiae  (Pcrrisia),  374,  413 

luti  (Coiitarinia),  393,  415 
„    (Perrisia),  374,  413 

lotieola  (Perriaia).  374,  413 

loiiisae  (Tarucus),  234 

liicretia  cxjiansa  (Pscudacraea).  332 

luctifera  (dlyoosia),  109 

luctiioaa  (Acoutta),  iii 

lugene  (iWumemus),  Ixi 

lunana  (Enuomos),  344 

luimlata  (Statira).  251,  252,  267 

Inpulinac  (Aejibondylia),  386,  414 
(Perriaia),  374.  418 

lurida  (Epbutomorpha),  55 

lut«a  (Cinihex),  xlvii 

lutosulana  (Tortrii),  7 

Lycaeaidse,  lii,  Ixxx,  333 

Lycaeninae.  273,  275 

lyclniidifl  (Perrisia),  375,  413 
Lycidae,  Ivii 

lyuoa  (Acraca),  S2fl 
„     f.  rallat(Acrava),  329 

Lyman triidae,  xx\x 


u,y,l,7rJM,G00glc 


mschaon  (Papilio).  n 
Hscrodiplosia,  ^99,  416 
MacralaW,  359,  Hi 
MscronoU,  109 
maculstiu  (Camponotiis).  Ixii 

„         var.  molanocncmiB  (Csin|ia- 
iiot<i»),  Ixi 
maculiceps  (Henicospiliis),  321 
niscuUpes  (Pompilus),  75 
maindroni  (Macronota),  109 
major  (HentcDspilua),  321 
„     (Iteomfia),  354,  412 
,,      (Piimnia),  401,  418 
malgaasica  (AcoBm^tia).  89 
,,  (DaaWKihaeto),  87 

(Uacalla).  97 
,,         (Nigramtiia),  94 
„         (StauropuB),  35 
,,         (Sylepto),  99 
m&li  (A|.hi8),  389,  420 
,.     (Perrisia),  375.  413 
mtiliguuB  (Aiistrosaliiis),  7S 

,.        (Salius).  76 
malpigliii  (PerrisU).  375,  413 
malvae  (Syrictithiwl,  iii 
marcu8(Uorpho),  xxvi 

„      iiiarpiw(Morplio). ixvii,  xKviti 
„      (Papilio).  xsvi 
,,      (Zfliixidia),  xxvi 
niargariU{AppU)i),  162,  163 
margnritacca  (Belenoia).  335 
mnrgiiialia  ( lly tisciiB),  txxiii 
niargiiiatiu  (Spliex),  xiiv 
inargineinton)u?iLH  IPRrriaia),  362 

,,  (Rhnhdophaga),  362, 

413 


inart^fi  (Macrolabis),  3 
masliuiia  (CatochryBO]is),  txii 
Maijwga,  xxix 

massaEitm  (HypoolirmiH),  xxix 
SlassaTonjiUi  401,  416 
inaiira  (Manin).  iii 
iiiaxillosiis  (Conace|>hatoidra),  xxxvi 
niaxiii.iini  (nivroKcniiim),  53 
maypri  (Asphnndylia).  386,  414 
■  Majetiola,  356,  357,  412 
mcitresi  (Macronota),  11)9 
modialis  (Statim),  2^4 
mvdiatiUH  (Iphianlax),  31S 
incdiata(Miitilla),  312 
ineditMigiDui  (Contarinja).  393,  415 
-"     ■|i8),372,  r- 


roednu  (Aricia).  ii 

iiiediisa  f.  alucsta  (Nychrtona),  S35 

Mi^gaohile,  303 

MpKachiliiiae,  303 

me^era  (Pararge),  iii 

MegalopU,  299 

Megapouera,  Ix 

MegarliOKaa,  320 

Megiatias,  xixviii 

iiiriancholicus  (PampiliiB),  71 

,,  (Pwiniuiocliarfs)  71,72 

ni«lait»>(Daiiais),  x 
mdanecta  (Eulia),  10 
melanocaDipU  (Phtlioriniaoa),  14 
iiiclanocephala  ( Pericliata),  xirii 

(Statira),  229 
melaiiocera  (Coutarinia),  393,  415 
nielauoidea  ( Daoaia),  x 
melanoleuca  (Trii^Dalvs).  317 
nitjianoptora  (Sutira),'2S0,  266 
nielaaopiis  (Aspliundylia),  386,  4)4 
nidcap'is  (Statim),  171,  181,187,  266 
Meli|iotia,  Ixxviii,  904,  305 
Mplitonia,  301 
mellirera  (Apis),  306 
mehifica  (Apis),  XXXV 
m^TlonelU  (Galleria),  306 
iiiemnon  (Calijfo),  xix.  xx 

mdnis  (Caligo),   xx. 


,,  atlaa  (Caligo),  xjx,  xx,  iii 

,,  epiDi»theus  (Ca1i>^),  XX,  xi 

„  mi-muon  (Caligo).  Hi 

,,  pronietheua    (CaliKu).    xi^ 

iciialcaa  (PotyoiiiinatiiB).  ir>;.  168 
ipBtntina  (llclenois),  xxx,  liv,  Ixii 
liv,  336 

irlla  (Setinn),  iii 


(Cerceris),  316 
„         (Trachypua),  316 

var.  liigi]bnH(/ftliiiii),  ni3 
Miastor,  346,  404 
iiiicanB  (SUtira),  195.  209,  2<i6 
mirrorepliala  (Kiioiii1>»n-|iina|.  109 

„  var.  Btaiidingcri  (Itliam- 

borrliina),  109 
iiiicTops  (Sfntira),  235 
Mlcroptcryx,  112,  113,  114,  118,  lift, 
120,  121,  123,  121,  125,  133,  134, 
135,  138,  139,  140,  141,  142.  144, 
145,  146,  148,152 

niiki(Perriiia),  375,413 

mikii  (Asphondylia),  386,  S93,  414 

Mikiola,  387,  414 

Mikr.ni3ns,  364,  412 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


(    cx!i    ) 


mtllrrolii  (Clinorrhjnclia),  349,  411 
„        (RlioiialoiDyia),  3M,  4)^ 
n.inimii{aiycypUiwJ.  110 
minor  (Sta|ihy](w),  xxxviii 
Minotaurus,  xci 
nimiiscula(H¥jioiwrigea),  87 
minutum  (TnchogTommit),  320 
luiras  (Amhub),  333 
MisohocjttaniB,  310 
niisippuslHyjioliniLaH),  331 

f.  inaria  (kypolininas),  R23 
Uiaopatha,  3S1,  412 
mitroUfHeUroirhins),  111 
modfsta  (CliutPiia).  108 
nioliuUe  (Cliorlomyia),  357,  412 
MonarthTOpslpus,  389,  41ft 
Moiled  Ilia,  BIS 
Moiiodi|>li)t<i»,  402,  416 
MonUziimid,  310 

inorbillofia  (Stetyrn),  195,  19(1,  2S7 
mordax  (Plialonia),  4 
rnori  (Etombyx),  xrix,  u 
raomsella  (Acara).  911 
manitanH  (Gloraina).  xli 
mucronaU  (Statira),  182.  1H4,  26<> 
muiri(Psatntnncl]arei),  67 
mulnilwr  (Kuploea),  xii,  xiii 

{Ti'eiisicbroia),  xiii 
multifoniiiii(Statii'a],  217 
muUiiioUte  (Statita),  248,  2fl6 
murioatae  (PerriBia),  a76.  414 
nmsaftntrs  (LyRa«nvalhps),]xi 
mntuta  {M^lijiona),  306 
Mutilla,  312 
Mutlltidar,  54,312 
AIyi^odi|>toitis,  401,  416 
Myjtnimia,  SO 

Myrtcumyia,  397,  416 
mysU  tD«liBij),  xcii 
liais(EiiUialia),  xii 
napi(l>iflri8),  ii,  xxx,.340 
nara(L7caena),  273 
„    (Tanietia),    269,  272,  273,   274, 
275,  276,  279 
naBidenx  (Odynems),  312 
naatartii  (Coiilariiiia),  SftS,  4IS 
natalica  naUlica  (Acrapa),  327 
natans  (I'olyncrna).  Ixxxiv 
tieaiithes  (Cliaraxcs),  330 
Nectariiia,  309 
nef(1ects  ( ['otosia),  103 

„       (Protaetia),  103 
neobulc  (Acraca),  325 
Kcocersta,  3S0,  411 
neogihron  (Ejiliafdro),  331 

„       f.  Tiolacca  (Eipliacdra),  331 
Neptii,  xiix 


iicrvicola(PeiTiEia),  376,  414 
n«Tvoruni  (RliahdopliaKa),  362,  413 
iiiavias  dominicanus  (Amanris),  Ixv 

324 
nicolayi  (Conlarinia),  393,  415 
nigella  (Statira),  177 
nigra  (Statira),  183,  199 
niKi'CBcciia  (Pepnia),  313 
iiiRricepB  (Monteiu 


nigroaenea  (Statira),  263 
iii^roapicalJB  (Stutira),  258 
iiiRrocaflruleafStatira),  182,  183,  184, 

266 
nif[ropllnctata|Epicuiita),  !ixxv 
nigrospitrsa  (Statira),  197 
iiircua(PHpilio),  336 

„      lyaeus(P8i.ilio),  336 
iiilidiventriB  (Sphex),  xnxi-i,  xxxviii 
iiitidiim  {Try  poxy  Ion),  317 
tioctilio  (PauiuniB),  xxi,  xxii 
noctiluca  (Cantham),  xcvii 
(Umpyris),  xcvii 
ncidiili  (Rhalido]>lia^),  382,  413 
ncimaea  (Arwroplmc),  27 
Nomiiieia,  53 
ncimiila(Papi]io),  Ixxxiii 

NottidoiitifW,  sr. 

Notof^nia,  xxxvii 
imlieciilosa  (SUtirj),  2in 
niinKi([':liK),  60 

„      (M™).flO 

,,      (Piesitt),  fiO 
Myiii|>tiBlidae,  325 
Nymphalinao,  xiii,  Ixxxiii.  330 
oleosa  (Volticetla),  xxxviji 
olifiiauata  ( Laaiopteryx ),  387 
i.l)id-'nsi»(Polyl.ia),  308 
obliiiiiiraBuiata  (Scalniicaiida),  SB 
obsimm  (Statira),  263 
obBcuricarinatlin  (Iphiaulai),  319 
occidcntalia  (Polylna),  307 
occnans('ninuiiiH^iniiitil1a),312 
oc«llatii8  (SnicrintliMJi),  341 
oclilca(Aiiiaiins}.  Ixvi,  324 
ocliroiiria  (AsiiilatBs).  iii 
nchveopicta  (Scalmiuaiida),  80 
ochreopla^ta  (Kntrlia),  91 
octavia  (Prtcisl,  332 

„       r.  uatalnnsia  (Preoia),  332 
„       f.  scsaimw  (Precis),  332 
cKto  (Amyna),  317,  321 
iirtoliiieata  (Statir^),  231,  234,  SB6 
Odynmia,  312 
01  igotrophnriae,  350,  411 


u,y,l,7rJM,G00glc 


(    cxlii 


Oiigotroplms,  351,  35*2.  353,  351,  355, 

357.  858,  412 
olivauetw  (CjplionoceplialiiB).  Ill 
amnhiilopii  (Tholcrostota),  40 
OQObiychidis  (PerriBia),  37^,376,  413, 

414 
onouidiB  (A9['1ion(lylU),  386,  414 

{CoiiUriiiia),  3S3,  415 
□perta  (Eiicoems),  20 
Ophioniniie,  321 
oreaa  (Acraeft),  32» 

,,     r.  alliintaciilata  (Acraea),  32tl 
oribatis  (Aristoteliu),  35 
orichalcea  (Agoatrata),  111 
nrieatalU  (Pi-otaetia),  lit 
omierodi  (AmlilyB|iatha),  403,  417 
ornata  (Acidatia),  iij 
oniyCion  (Del [as),  xcii 
ortygia  (Eucoama),  22 
Otbrjftdes,  171 
Oxylechia,  39 

oiytuoehla  (Polychroais).  24 
Pachymviica,  313 
pacificuB  (Foliates).  306 

„  (SUzus),  82 
pallena  (Apoica),  310 
pallida  (Apoica),  310 

„       (Uelipuna),  304 
psllidilincatiis  (Chartcrfciiius),  308 
pslliditarse  (Trypoiyloii),  317 
pallipea  (PatliynienBa),  312 
pamphtlus  (Ca«naiiyiupha),  iii 
paudiyanu«  (Cryptosatius),  77 
pandora  (Clialtla),  320 
[■anteli  (01igotro)>Iiua),  352,  412 
.,      (PriTisia).  376,  414 

giulberiua  (Moiiiklula),  31B 
unurginae,  299 
pu]>aTtri»  (rerriKia),  876,  414 
papbia  (Ariatntelia},  31 

,.      (Dryos),  liv 
Pspilio,  Ixri,  Ixzx,  Ixxxt 
Papilionidae,  335 
Papilioninae,  Ixxxiii 
papucnais  (Episyran).  64 
paracusia  (titatii-a),  246.  248.  266 
parallels  (MiitilU),31:i 
{Tiijhia).  312 
„        (Traumatoiniltilla).  312 
ParatlelodiploKia.  400,  416 
pantniicalis  (UJypliodes),  lOU 

parhasBUB  iU!thio|is  (SalamiB),  332 
partiiciio  ((.iuophodi's).  324 

„       diverstt  (Guophodea),  324 
Pnrnara,  lixix 
PaniaHaiUB,  xiii 
parsiiuon  (CatoLliryaops),  Ixi 


parvula  (Burolia),  h9 
.,       (ClirjsU).317 
patrioift  (CatochryaoiB).  Ixii 

|wvo  (CaliRoj.xix,  XX 
pcctinaU  (Sticloutera),  91 
peculiaris  (Catoctirysopa),  hii 
pediculaCa  (Metapolyhia).  308 
pellionelU  (Tinea),  xcix,  d 
iwiinaria  (Hinera),  Ixivi 

Bjntadora  (Gelechia),  51 
Bpsinae,  313 
PepsiB,  XXXV,  xxsvi.  xl,  313 
p*rei]iia(Atraea),  329 

r.  thesprio  (Acraea),  329 
periidiosa  (Piitfiorimaea),  41 
perfiduB  (Eudanliia).  390,  415 
perforata  (Stalira),  262,  263,  268 
pcrfossa  (AristotelJa),  33 
jiericlyTOeni  (Perriaia).  376,  414 
wriuaueji(Elis).63 
Perii'laneta,  127, 141,  147 
iwritana  (Tortrix),  8 

ferpiilclier{Psanimi>chBre9),  74 
'erriaia.  350,  364,  366,  367,  369,  372, 
373,  374,  376,  376,  378,  380,  381, 
382,  3S3,  384,  385,  386,  407,  413 

peraicariae  (Perriaia),  377,  414 

|)ersimilis  (iVheatina),  si.  xij 

pereonata  (Centris),  301 

peruana  (Statira),  183. 198.  199, 266 

peruTieiiHiB  (Teletusa),  xxxv 

petioli  (Hanoaudia).  3SI,  416 
„      (Syndiploais),  391,415 

petiveraua  (Danaida),  323 

Eetulaiii)(HapaJoaariB),  37 
liaeuobreniiH,  389 
Phaeiiolauthia,  387,  414 
Plisloniii,  I 
Phaloniodae,  I 
Pharniaeis,  4 
pharsajus  (Acraeu),  3i9 

„        r.  pbBrsaloidps(Ai-nea),  329 
Ptiegol>ia,  356.  412 

fhiladelphica(PoiDpilogaster),  313 
hiliilithinH«,  316 
]ili]aeas(Runiicia),  ii 
ptioelio(Mv]itaea),  ii 
plitbi8ica(PolybU),307 
Phtliorimai>a,  1,  40 
Pliyclidobia,  354.  412 
iiicta  (Statira),  247,  249 
Fieridoe.  164,  33-t 

PieriB,  li'i.  tiii 

pierreaua  (Perrisis),  378.  414 
pierrei  (Rhabdopboga),  362.  413 
pigea  (HnacopWrjx),  335 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


(    cxliii    ) 


piRger  (Hartigioift),  385,  4U 
piliveotriB  ( Eugloasa).  303 
liiloaa  (Cecidomvia),  399,  416 
(SUtira),'2fl3,  264,  2f 


copteiyx,  lir,  Ixii 

]>ineti  (iJraclionyic),  lixvi 

piiii  (Cecidoniyift),  399.  41B 

„    -maritimae    (Cecidonijia),    399, 
41S 

„    (PUronua),  li 
[liuiaria  (t'idoniii),  ^44,  315 
jiisistrntiifi  ()tho|ialovampta),  IxXTJi 
pleijiiata  (AnaitiH),  iii 
]>lanta  (Lvcarnopsis),  167 
platans  ( rtoplvctis).  321 
platanoiilra  (Apliia),  390,  417 

„  (DrcpsiiosipliuTn),  Iv,  Ivi 

platyzona  [Arg>Toplocc),  28 
plebcinna  (Crocidnaema),  13,  18.  19 
plflcta  (Noctlia).  iii 
Flectroue,  108 
plicatrix  (I'erHsia),  377,  414 
plistonicniB  (Eretis),  Ixviii 

„  (SaranK«8a),  Ixvii,  Ixriii 

plumata  (ArialotelLa),  30 
piumicomU  (Stntira),  ISS,  2S7 
plato  (PsanLmochares).  69 
I>OBe  (Chortorojia),  357,  412 
poda^iiMis  (LycusK  Iviii 

„  ( Memlyuiis),  iTiii 

H>da1iriu9{Papilio),  ii 
Podium,  XXXV,  xxxvi,  xxxviii,  315 
Polistes,  30fl 
Polybia,  307 

polyffalae  (Peniaia),  377,  414 
polytes  (Pnpilio),   xxx.    xxxi.   xxxii, 

Ixxxiii,  Ixxxvi 
„       romulua  (Pupilio),  xxx,  xxxi, 

xxxiii,  Ixxx,  Ixxxi,  Ixxxiii 
„      BtichiuB  (rap[li.i),  xxxi,  xxxii, 

.,       theiKusiPapilio).  Ixxxi 
pomonae  (l^later).  xvji 
Poiupilidie,  xxxvi,  sxxviii,  Ix 
Pompilugaater,  313 
Poomyia,  367 
populeti  (Perriaia),  377,  414 

fspoli  (Smeriiithua),  341 
arricoadyla,  402,  416 
Porricondylariae,  402.  41<> 
potentillaG  (Perridia),  377,  414 
praecipua  (Caepbaaia).  11 


pneiiatua  (ElaCer),  x   .. 
praticola  (Perriaia).  377,  414 
pratti  (Acara).  96 
,,      (Paracaroides),  89 
,,     (Phlegctonia),  92 
„     jPhjtunietra),  94 
,,     (Scalmicauda),  K6 
Precis,  Ixiv 
presuturalia  (Statira),  17H,  22.'i.  231, 

232,  233,  234,  26S 
prismua  (Papilio),  xviii 
,,      (Troidea).  xviii 
,.       r.  coeliiHtia  (Papiliu),  xviii 
„  ,,  (Troid.>8),  xviii 

„       r.  urvilleana  (I'apilio),  xviii 
,.  .,        (Troides),  xviii 

(Eiicoema^,  19 


H>idi 


a.  300 


proteoideH  (Elaeodca),  SO 

frokimedia  (Teracoliis),  334 
rot->polybis,  308 
proxiina(ABptioLdylia),  367,  414 
pnideiia  (Eucostiia),  23 

PaaiDincx^tiaridae,  xxxvi,  64,  313 
PsaTuniocharinac,  313  ^ 

Pacuda^uia,  313  * 

Pseudliormoiuyia,  39S,  41S 
Paeiidovlialuutliea,  xiv,  108 
paaiidocwcus(Uliabdop)iaga),  362,  413 
pseudolyoia  (Acraea).  325 

,,         ustrigera  (Acraea),  325 
Psyllidae,  346 

ptannicai:  (Miaopatlia),  3r>l,  412 
pteridicola  (Pornsia),  3/7,  414 
Pteronialua, Ivi 
PterratichTiB.  208 
[itUadelplia  (Crocidoaema),  18 
Piicciuia,  419 

pudurclla  pailorella  (Acraea),  326 
puivitii  (Khabdopliaga),  362,  413 
punctata  (Monedula),  316 
puiictatiasima  (Chryaia),  817 

(Pardopais),  330 
pitni:tice|>8  (Statira),  210,  212,   213, 

266 
punclicollia  (Statira),  217,  266 
piitictuni  (Zygnoiia),  iii 
pupanim  (PtProuialus),  ivi 
purpurea  (Cliloro/ada),  92 
purpureipenuis  (Statira).    221.    222, 

227,  2B« 
pnrpureipes  (Crjptuoliilua),  S13 
puanTia  (L'a1>i'r»).  iii 
puspa  (Ct'laxtrina).  167 

,.     (Lycaciopsis),  167 


u,y,l,7rJM,G00glc 


(     cxliv    ) 


puatulana  (Petrisia),  377,  Hi 

„        (Hannandia),  400,  ilfl 
PutODiella,  398,  41 S 
Pyislidse,  96 

pyri  (Perrieia),  378,  414 
pyrius  (Zeuzera).  iii 

fyrivora  (CoDtariuia),  304,  415 
yro|iliorua,  ijv 
iiuadratns  (Tamcna).  272,  283,  285 
quadLicolor(PlaiieTna).  330 
<|uadriinaculBU(Statint),  240,  241 
tluadriplagiaU  (Statira),  25^,  2A4,  266 
qiiadrisiKnaU  (SUtira),  239,  266 
<tu«rcica[a  (Amuldia),  360,  412 
qnercina  {Coutaritiia),  394,  415 
quercus  (Aruoldia),  360,  412 
quiniia  (Acraea),  Uix,  326 
radicata  (Ariatocclia),  36 
radicitica  (Cliortotuyia),  358,  412 
ranunculi  (Perrisia),  378,  414 
rapae  (PJeris),  ii,  xxx,  338.  339,  340 
rapliaiiistri  (Daayneura),  378 

(Perriaia).  378.  414 
rava  (Cryptoaaliua),  76,  77 

,,     (PwiidagKiiia),  76 
reauniuriaiiu9(<)li(!atn>pliil«),353,  412 
Tectaugiilata  (Xaiithodesiiia).  96 
recuraxciata  (Polydestiia),  03 
riKtilinealin  (Booclnnis),  9ft 
recurva(Mi-lipona),  305 
reftina  (StaCira),  179 
rcKuUris  (Tpriu),  333 
reJecta(Pulybia},  308 
re1i«osa  (KucoBiua),  21 
Kliabdapliaga,  360,  413 
rhaniiii  ((io]iopt«rjx),  ii 
rlieUruor  (Muri'lio),  xlviii 

,,       sulMp.  caoicB  (Murpliu),  xlii 
,,       snU^.  casebe8(Morpho),  xlix 
rhududendi'uiii  (Perrisia),  376.  414 


KhogaJi 

Bliopalocera   322 

Kbnpalomyia,  351,  35.J.  412 

Kha|ia1uMniia,  313 

Kho[M>luioniidiie,  313 

rifCilica  (I'kruta),  lOS 

rilarniac  (iWut)i>cliBl(-<>t1  it'll).  107,  10(! 

n>liUBtii(Mw'iiMriiiyru),  88 

rudwayi  (Maiib'zuiuia).  310 

rorarU  (Cmciiluteiua).  16 

«m   (M      «si|,huni).  Iv,  IvL 
■«    a(ltU1>l«|>]iaK>).  363.  4)3 

isa      II    (K1abrlo|>lia)Cu),  363,  413 


I  nwmaniB  (Dicrogeiiiniii),  54 
I  rostratuB  ( [^cus),  liiii,  tix 

„  ( burolycna),  Itui,  liz 
'  rostnipiana  (Perrima),  370,  414 
\  rotandioolliB  (StaUra),  209,  266 
rubi  (Callophrya),  xvii 

„    (Laaioptera),  350,  411 
rubicola  (CoDtarinia).  394,  4I.''> 
nibidata  (Perigea),  88 
rubra  (MaaBslongia),  401,  416 

,,     (Tijiiila),  387,  414 
nibricata  (Larra),  816 

(Tbvgator),  301 
rubrithorax  (Statim).  202 
rubaaameni  (Porriaia),  379.  414 
tuderalis  (Ctontarinia),  394,  415 
rufa  (Pormica],  xiiv 

„    (SUtira),  107,  2)7 
ruficollis  (AathJcua),  257 

,,       (SUtira),  257 
nitirroua  (SUUra),  196,  199,  217,  221, 

266 
rutipes  (rsaniinocbares),  64 
nifivciitriB  (Helipoiia),  306 
I         „         rnr.     llavulineaU     (Mdi- 
I      i>Dua),  306 
nilolnteiia  (Kasliibtliynuiis),  60 
nigoBisiiiiiiun  (EiitomofcnatliUH),  83 
rugoauiu  (Caltnonia),  Ixxxix 
rHiiiir.ii«  (AtylodiploaiH),  402,  416 
luao  (Oxytialims).  xli 
niatica  { Epii^haria),  301 
sabiiloaa  (Amnioliliila),  liii 
sa.Java  (Xqitix),  331 

,,      ]iiarpi!ssa  (Neptis),  331 
anka  (Caliiia^),  xili 
aalicanaed'evrUia),  379.  414 
salidiis  (l>a»ynpiira),  363 

„      (KbHl>dapbaga),362,  363,  413 
aalioiperda  ( Hbabdopbofia).  361.  363. 

413 
wlicix  (nallaniiii),  3S3 

„     (Rbslxlophaffi).  36S.  413 

aalicomiae  (Batdratia),  350.  411 

U)Ci>a(RliabdupbaKa).  361,  413 


•  (1 
w  |wtd    (LI  II 


in),  378, 


Saliii 


xl 


U9).  400,  4)6 


(Ag«itraU),  HI 
i-ma«  (SUUra),  183,266 
Han^iiiiicollin  (Podilus).  257 
saiiKuiaorlw  (Perrisia).  379,  414 
«.l.|.hiria  (Persia).  313 
Mai^itbaniiii  (Asphundylia),  3S7.  414 

(Trottrria),  349,  41) 
Hatiiniina(AHHU>tclia),  33 
SaltTidar,  324 
Hcafiiusap  (ConUriiiia),  394,  415 

„        (Perrisia),  379.  414 
noabrirollia  (Statira),  228.  229,  266 


ll,y,l,/eJh,G00glc 


{     oxiv     ) 


iicapularis  (Lf  g»b).  lii 

„        (Merolycus),  lix 

„        (StAtini),  22G 
scariHcata  (Pbalonia),  3 
Scaups?.  389 
ScvliphroD,  SI4 
scltistacca  subsp.  rugiilosa  (Polyrhu- 

chu),  Ixivi 
Schizomjia.  H85,  414 
schlechtoiidali    (ClinodipluHix),    401, 

(PerilBifl),  379,  414 
w-limMti  (PerrUia),  379, 414 
Suiara,  404 

scintillanH  (SUtira),  203,  266 
Sculiadoc,  312 
Sculiidae,  60 
Sculujicndra,  1  Ifi 
Bcoparii  (Cnntarinis),  3t>4,  41G 
9«,mii.uMSUphytu«l. '"fxviii 
HcropliliUriae     (SCictudiT'loiua),     398, 

415 
Aciibrllariii  (Nfcturiiiu),  300 

(Statire),  2r)3 
BegT¥KBU  (StaUral,  244,  266 
iw^onica  (P«iisis).  313 
setene  (Rrantliis),  ii 
gelbtiu  (Tapinntus),  I 
Buloiui  (Auatonn),  102, 104 
svnmlit  (SatyruflJ,  iii 
wmicnprea  (Sbitira),  IBS,  20S,  ses 
wmitiictunsis  (>Wiinii>cliai¥8),  71 
actnituctuoaus  (Poni]>iliiH),  70 

„  (PaaniiTionlial-es),  70,  71 

wnii nigra  (Htatira),  '24!),  266 
MiuiviolacfA  (Sutira),  2S8,  266 
Sfmndobia,  3E>4, 412 
sciifKatp.nais  oritntia  (Kmyplieiii;),  331 
MDt\  (ADoplius;,  68 

,,     (Psamniocliares),  68 
(wrena  buxtoni  (Acnu'a),  Ixix 
seria  (Bacttra),  24 
aencfa  (Polybia).  308 

„     (.Slatira),  2)3,  220, 221,  266 

sevntina  (Perrisis),  380,  414 
strra  (Tireaiaa),  I 
sertifer  (Pteroniw),  1 
iwtigertt  {E|>hutu[iiur)i]iit),  !>7 
aeloBA  (Cnepliatiia),  10 
s«v«riDa  (Belenoii),  Ixiv,  Ixv,  SSIi 
sil>iri<s(Anipillcx),SI 
sichelianus  (^thii!i),  312 
sifiillatus  (AzaiLus),  333 
aianata  (MonediiU),  316 
silvicola  (Perrisia).  380,  414 
siniana  (Phiacupttiryx),  lii,  liii,  liv 
BimiliB  (Perrifliu),  380,  414 
aimiltima  (Coeliuxys),  303 


Binionis  (Statira),  21 1, 212,  266 
simpler  (Cereeria).  xixvii 
Bimplicipea  (SULira),  194,  266 
BiDuacocollis  (Heterorrliiua],  110 

siaymbrii  (Perrisia),  380,  414 
amaragdina  (ExaereU),  303 

„  (Hct«rorr1iina),  110 

iinianigdulns  (CyplioDotcpbatiis),  100, 

111 
Smicre.  320 

sociubilia  (Scbizoniyia),  402,  416 
uidaliB  (He){alopU),  299 

„      (Perriaia),  380,  362,414 
sulDisi  (Phjctidobia),  354,  412 
Bonchi  (Cystiphora),  358,  412 
aophoroe  <  BroasoliB).  320 
aurbi  (Contarinia),  394,  41G 
aotikvnaia  (Acrava),  328 

, ,        I',  rowena  ( Acraea),  828 
Sphecinae,  314 
Spbecodinae,  298 
Sphegidao,  xixvi,  tx 
splieDobatlii'a  ( I'eroiiea).  13 
aphenodera  (SUtita),  200,  267 
spiienoptera  (SUtira),  203,  267 

Spbex,  xxxvif ■"  -I"  ''i- 

i,315 


xlii,  iliv,  X- 


Spliiii 
SpLragidupliorua,  2hA 

Spiloiiiicrodua,  320 
spiniffera  (Aiiomoxpnaj,  20 

(SUtira),  176,  177,  267 
splendena  (Euploea),  xii 
splendicana  (SUtira).  209,  267 
»i{ua1ida(Ej>icou>etiH),  103 
stavtiydiB  (Perrisia),  381,  414 

sutira,  169,  17o'.  193.  242,  246,  264, 

257,  266 
Statiro|K<iB,263 
St«raiii.:llB,  350,411 
sUiubi-li  (Sutira),  196 
atfliiii  (Contarinia),  391,  415 
Htellariae  (MacrolaHa),  S60,  412 
atnllatariini  ( MacroglDana),  iii 
steiiocupbala  (IStutiia).  200,  267 
ateucxlsia  (SUtira),  233,  234,  267 
Htenoptcra  (SUtira),  239,  267 
aUnialia  (Clinteria),  108 
Stictodiploaia,  396,  415 
Slizinai.',  82 
stiiaU  (Coaoinia),  iii 
strintirrons  (/napilotbyimiia).  58 
►triatum  (Anticniridiimi),  397,  416 
atnatiia  (Sphrx),  iixvii 
strobi(reiTi>iia),  331,  414 
atrobilobiuH  (Adrlges),  389,  420 


ih,Cooi^lc 


atrongjlioides  (Statira),  284,  267 
Stron^yiiuni.  2tt4 
fltygia  [  Uracil jtieutTt),  388,  4U 
Bubacida  (SpargsTiothU),  13 
siiliai^nea  (SUtira),  iVj,  221 
HubBmicBlis  (Glyiihodes).  100 
Bubcincta  (G]jcy[ihiin«),  111 
aubfrnesttnta  (Stttira),  247,  267 
aiibglabral*  (Stitir.),  215,  '^67 
siibindiuta  (Corvstlia),  94,  95 
8ul>liniiB(Pli*loma),  2 
suliinBrgiaata  (TBeniaphora),  97 
SuUris,  xxxvi 

snliterrsnea  (Tiipli[>diplo8ia),  39S,  416 
HiicciJitta  (Lycopcrdina),  xlvi 
aiilfiiaa  (SUlira),  211,  2:'6,  227,  267 
suriiptuosa  (Ststiva),  202.  2a'),   204, 

2U5,  206,  207,  267 
miniptuoaua  (Sphex),  xxivii 
aiiperna  (Rliabdoplinga),  363,  413 
Burinama  (Svnocca),  309 
BiirinanienBia  (Euglossa),  302 

„  (Houeduln),  xxxviii 

„  (Stietia),  iiiviii 

BUtwali.  [Statira).  170, 176, 177,  231, 

234,  267 
Bjbsris  (Lycnenn).  284 

„      (Tanicua),  272,  274,  283,  28J, 
285,  294 
syoophanta  (Polyhia),  308 
sylvan  us  (Augiodca),  iii 
Syiidiploata,  390,  415 
Byn^^neaiae  (Misopatlia),  3ri2,  412 
Syii«™,  309 
Syrpliidae,  icvii 

libanidftc,  31« 

Tal>aDii8,xli 

Taehyris,  xk'u 

Tachytca,  »iiTii,  3Hi 

Taenitria,  xiix 

Taeniaiiliora,  97 

ta^L's  (Nisoniad«s),  iii 

TaJHria,  167 

tamilana  (Paiulio],  lixxii,  Ixixili 

Uuaccticola  {Klioralomyia),  351,  412 

TaphodiploBiB,  398,  416 

taraiaci  (CVatiphora),  358,  412 

Tai  lions,  xviii,  269,  270.  273 

taxi  (Taxomyia).  385,414 

Taxomvia,  385,  4U 

tckarcfiiis  (Papilio),  xil 

Telptusa,  ixxv 

Tellervo.  xxix 

TemnoBoniB,  298 

tenebnisa(MacroarinyrB),  88 

tfiiellH  (Winuortiia),  402 

tenuiliniialiB  (Bocclioria),  99 


Unuiiwa  (Statira),  254. 267 
tenuis  (SlAtire),  233,  267 
TeiacoiuB,  Iii,  Ixii,  Ixir,  Ixt 
Teratoneura,  Ixi 
teres  *lBiva[PrecU).  333 
tersliratm  (K)ialidophaga),  363,  413 
tcradoD  (Papilio),  Ixxx 
tenuinalia  (Perriaia),  363 

(Kliabdopliiigii),  363,  413 
(Statira),  214 
terpaichnrc  (Acraea).  328 

r.   rougeti   (Acropa).  Iiii, 
328 
terroaa  (EmnimimetiBil,  103 

,.    (Protaetia),  103 
t«as(!lUta  (Polvdeania),  93 
tcsBellutum    (XeHtobiuni),  xvii,   xviii, 

testacea  (SUtira),  212 
t«tensi  (Pen-iaia),  381,  414 
t«trahit  (Penisia),  381,  414 
tetraxoa  (AnoniQxena),  30 
Tettigoniellinae,  xxxv 
teucer 


„      teuc«r  (L'aligo).  xix,  ixi 
texanum  (Eiphosoma).  321 
thala&sina  (I^iiceronia).  334 
tbatia  (Augocliloro),  299 
t1ialictricoIa(Ametrodiplosis].402,416 

(Clinodiploais).  402 
Thauniatomutilla,  312 
ThfiMidi ptosis,  306,  415 
theoplimatua  (Hesperia).  286 

(Tanicus),  a69, 270. 271 , 
272. 273, 274.27  6, 278, 
277,382,286,287,288, 
289,  290, 295 
thrapia  (Papilio),  2B6 
(Tamcus),  296 
thetia  (Agriadm),  xvi,  165,  166,107. 

168 
IhiodeH(Recurvaria),  38 
Tha1eroBt«la,  40 
tlioinae(HarpactqpuB).  315 
„      (Sphex),  315 


u,y,i,Ajh,Cooglc 


thoin&&isiis  (FerrUia),  3S1,  414 
Thurenia,  390 

Tlijgater,  301 

thymi  (Aspliondjlia),  .187,  414 

„     (Jaa«tHta),  35S,  412 
thymicola  (Jane tie] la).  3:,'^,  412 
Thyttnidav,  58 
ThjDDUs,  59 

thyridoides  (Corgatha),  96 
tibialis  (Statira).  193,  194,  267 
liliae(Perrieia),  382,  414 
tiliamvoIvenalPerriaia).  382,  414 
tiliarain  (CoDtariaia),  3e!>,  415 
tLiicti|)etinJG(Pqisis),  313 
Tin™,  liii,  Kciv,  lev,  xcvii,  xevi 

Tineidae.  Kxii,  xcviii 
Tineina.  icviit 

TinKida«,  349 
Tinvididae,  viii 
Tiphia,  312   ■ 
Tiphiiuw,  312 
Tipala,  3(13.  399 
tithonuB  (Epineplielf).  iii 
tolen9i8(Statira),  229 
tomentosa  (Eurybraeliya),  ix 
tornatella  (Chegobin),  356,  412 
torquata  (Glycypliaiia),  111 
tortipes  (Statira),  171,  101,  287 
Tortritidae,  5 
Tortrix,  e.  7 

tartrii(PerriBia),  380.  382,  414 
trab«atus(LynuH),  Iviii.  liK 
traclivlii  (Pf-rriflia),  »83.  414 
trachydora  (Statira),  227,  267 
tragopoKonin  (Oontariiiia),  39^1 
trail!  (C-intarinia).  39.^,  415 

,,     (Porriaia),  382,  414 
tranBferrana{Kui'oama),  22 
translucida  (SUtira),  211,  214,  2s; 
tremutae  (Coiitarinia),  395,  415 

,,         (Hannanilia),  400,  416 
trianKulata  (Trairlioa), 


415 


ti'ichinaspia  (Plitli 
Trichodiploais,  397, 
Trichograninia,  320 
TrichoKraninmtLnae,  320 
TrichopUra,  124,  127,  140 

triden»  {Stizua).  83 
trifolii  (ClinofliploKis),  390, 
,,      ( Hadrobreniia),  390 


.),  41 


{Pt" 


ia),  3! 


,  414 


rKtci  (Codtariuia).  395,  415 
riria  (Melitaca),  ii,  iii 
Trotteria,  34B,  411 
Tr>-poxylinfte,  317 
Trvpoxylon,  311,  317 
tiiU-culaU  (SUtira),  179,  182,  184, 

185,  267 
tubercnii  (Jsnctiulla).  355,412 

„       (Perriaia),  355 
tuberifica  (Trialioniiomyia),  388,  415 
tubicola  (Perriaia),  383,  414 
tympanirex  (01if(otrophuB).  353,  412 
ty|)hoeu*  [Gfot rapes),  xo,  xci 
tytia  (CadtipL),  ix 

„    (Danais),  ii,  x,  xiii 
uliois  (Aaphoadytia),  387,  414 

„   (Perriaia).  383. 414 
i]lraHria(Pi>irisia).333 
ulniariae(  Perriaia),  383,  414 
nlmi  (DliRotrciphus),  351,  412 
iilmicola  (Pcrnaia),  333,  414 

'   "  '       I)  (Kielferia).  3S5.  414 

(Stictodiplosis),     396, 

umbelliferarum  (TroUeria),  349,  411 
unibrosa  (Statira),  222.  267 
UDirasoiella  (lieleciiia),  50 
■■■    iata{KpIi   ■  ■    ■ 

la  (Phtliu 
Lii'ae  (Macrosiphuii 
„     (Perriaia),  38^1,  ii« 
„     (Vanessa),  Ivi 
uaamlHirB  (Hypolimnas),  Ixvi, 
listulatH  (Klis),  60 

iiiii  (Perriaia).  3H4,  414 


n(Pen 


ia).; 


I,  414 


Trigonal  idae,  31! 

Trinoualys,  317 
.  trilineata  (Statira),  232,  233.  267 
triBellatJt  (Statira),  219,  245,  246,  267 
Trisliormomyia,  388.  415 
triBtig(Plectrouc),  108 


vajji-KJitlata  (Statira),  170,  175,  247 
248,249,250,  261,267 

vaKL-notaU  (Slatira),  248,  249,  247 

Valerianae  (CoDtsrinla),  395,  415 

valerii  (Arceutliumyia),  352,  412 
'  valida(Cliiiteria),  111 
I  vaiidimrnia  (Statira),  172,  225 
!  vallator  ( Nematuii),  lix 
I  varia  (Mdipoua),  306 

variabilis  (Statira),  214,221 

variatm  (Statira).  249 

varicgata  (RvtiibidiiU),  xxxviii,  316 
I         ..       (I)ielia),  313 

(Hyptipcrijtea),  S7 

variicolur  ( [Iy|Huilatii'a),  201 

vaasei  (Paammoc bares),  71,  72 

veitchi(Crabro),  84 

velutiiia(rulybia),  308 

venosns  {Tanitiis),  272,  274,  276,  276 

veHtrioola  (Mayftiola),  357,  412 
•nwie  (Statira).  25.-i 
(C«ciduiiivia),  3911,  416 


! 


ll,y,l,7rJM,G00glc 


(     cxlviii     ) 


86.  267 


<a(SUtin),  181, 

versicolor  (Centris),  301 
„        (OxjcetoniB),  103 

(PoliaUt).  306 
„        (Sutira),  220,  S21,  267 
Vespa,130 
Ves|>ida«,  306 
Vespinae,  306 
Tibiuria  (PallouiB),  iii 
vibiinti  (c3<iD  tan  Dili),  395,  *15 
viburnoniiD  (Contarinia),  395,  415 
Ticana  (Aiistotulia),  36 
viciae  (ADabremik),  390,  41B 

„  (Pemsia),  364.  414 
vidua  (PiDaco))teryx),-33l 
viiriiitipuilctaU   (Statin),   185,   207 

267 
villica  (Arctia),  iii 
viiuiualiB  {IUiabdo|>hagB),  363     ' 
vintentana  (Eucoama),  22 
Tiniila  (Dicranura),  Ixxj 
vialacea  (Oamili*),  ixivii 
violie  (PerriBia),  384.  414 

„      (THicKinia).  xii 
virens  (Paeudochaluotliea),  lOS 
vir^.aureac  (Perneia).  384,  414 
vindana  (Tortrix),  o 


Tiridiciiicta  (Statira).  216,  241,  242, 

267 
Tiridifa«ciata  (3Utira).  242.  243.  244, 


viridiuotxU  (SUtira),  241,  243 
viridiiiennis  (Statira),  170,  171,  187, 

188. 189, 190. 192, 1)3, 

214.  267 

(SutjTa).2U 
viriditiacta  (SUtira).  198,  169.  367 
viridiriltata  (Statira),  224,  235,  267 
viruUnU  (Ephutomorpiia),  64,  55 
vitiensis  (CjphoooDjx),  78 
vitia-ida«ae  (Perriaia),  384,  414 
TitUta  (Statira).  280.  256,  !B7 
vitliKera(CIeroU),  lti6 

„        (Ephutomorpha).  66 
t'olveiis  (MacrodililMia).  399,  416 

„       (Hocrolabis).  403,  421 
wakefleldi  (Kuxantbc).  330 
nat«rstradti  (Taniriis).  276 
n-illiamai  (l't«roml>nis),  63 


xanthodpra  (Sutira).  250.  267 
xantholelm  (Teracoliis).  Iv 
xantbotriclia  (Rrcurvaria),  3S 
Xenodijdoais.  399,  416 
Xestobiiim,  xxiii 
Xybwopa,  299 
XyloFopinau,  299 
ZospilothjliDua,  69 
Zeliu.  xixv 
?j!te»  (Acraea),  325 


r.  a 


a(Aci 


ea).  325 


Zethus,  312 
Zcugopt«ra,  112 
Zeiilidililosia,  397,  416 
zoolina  (Charaxea),  330 
ZyifoUa,  356,  412 
7Kotoma  (Slegaata),  48 


iM-,i,A  J  h,  Google 


?A 


December  lo,  1918. 


^      APR 

TRANSACTIONS   i^      S6      3/1 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   SOCIETY 


LONDON 
1917. 


LONDON ; 
SOLD  AT  THE  SOCIETY'S  ROOMS,   U,  CHANDOS  STREET, 

CATaXDISH  BOVAEB,  V., 

AND    BY    LONGMANS,    GREEN    AND    CO., 
PATEBNoeriR  Rov,  E.a ;  uns  hsw  yobe. 

[Pi-ice  6».  Od.] 

,  lL'.V)6^fL- 


THE  ENTOMOLOGICAL    SOCIErY    OF   LONDON. 


Founded,  1833.    Incorporated  b/  Royal  Charter,  t886. 

FATBON-HIS  HAJESTT  THB  KINO. 


OFFICERS  and   COUNCIL  for  the  SESSION   1917-1918. 

C.  J.  Oarah,  H.A.,  D.Sc.,  Fr4»iilmt. 

T.  A.  Chapman,  H.D.,  F.Z.S.  ) 

G.  B.  LoKOSTAPP,  M.A.,  U.D.  )  Vitt-PntidmU. 

Thb  Hon.  N.  C.  Kotbschild,  M.I.,  F.L  a,  F.Z.S.  J 

Ai.BKHT  HuQii  JoKM,   Trimirtf, 

CowH*«ii«  Ja.iw>  J.  Wai.kib,  M.A.,  !t.N.,  F.L.8.  1  -„^„,^ 

TaK  Eitv.  OBOiinii  Whiflkb,  M.A.,  F.Z.S.  /  ^''''^'"™»- 

Gkoiiiik  UKAiir.M  CiiAMriOK,   F.Z.S.,  A.L.3.,  /.itmrtnn. 


A.  W.  Bacot. 

K  C.  BtDWBLL. 

E.  iA.  CocKAYHi,  H.A.,  H.D. 

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H.  WiLLouoBBY  Ellis,  F.Z.S. 


J.  C.  F.  Frtrb,  U.A. 

S.  A-  N«AV«,  M,A.,  B.So.,  P.Z.8. 

R.  M.  PniDBAUx. 

A.  E.  TOHQB. 


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BrilUh  KalimwU  CommHitt  on  Eulamologieai  UofKm^ature. 
a.  T.  Bki'Iiunk-Bakbk.  I      L.  B.  Prout. 

Dit.C.  J.  Gauah.  Kkv.  Gkiibuk  Wiirblbr. 

DiL  K.  JoitDAK.  \      John  Hartlry  Durba.vt,  Sttrttary. 


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dufl  on  tlie  Brat  Jay  of  Janiwry  in  each  ye*r,  and  pnjabla  in  adTance ;  or  a 
Composition  Fee  of  £16  15i.  may  be  paid  iu  lien  thereof,  tlie  whole  payment  (or  Life 
FelloTibip,  incladiiii!  the  Admiuiaii  Fee,  being  £17  17f.  Fellowi  reeiding  per- 
manently outside  the  United  Kingdom  pay  no  Admiuion  Fee. 

All  Feee  should  be  paid  to  the  Treasurer,  Mr.  A.  H.  Jones,  Shmhlanda,  Elthnm, 
Kent,  and  not  to  t)ie  Secretaries. 

Fellnwe  degiiing  to  pay  their  Annual  Coutribnlion  thrangli  their  bankeia  txn 
obtain  an  official  farm  of  iMnker'a  order  by  applying  to  either  the  Treasurer  or  to  the 
Besiilent  TJbrnriKn. 

Fellowa  vhose  ContribatioDB  for  the  carrent  year  have  been  paid  are  entitled 
to  receive  the  pahlications  of  the  Society  free  of  charf[e.  Further  copiea  inay  l>e 
pnrchawd  at  reduced  pricea  by  applying  to  the  Resident  Librarian. 

Forms  of  application  for  Fellowship  and  copies  of  the  Bye-lftrs  and  Litt  of 
Fellows  may  be  obtained  from  either  of  the  Secretaries  or  from  the  Resident 
Lahrarian.  > 

MEETINGS  AND  EXHIBITIONS. 

Intending  exhibitors  are  required  to  agnify  their  names  and  the  nalnre  of  their 
exhibits  to  the  Chairman  twfore  the  beginning  of  the  meeting,  in  order  that  lliey 
Itiny  be  calieil  upou  from  tlia  cliair.  Descriptive  notes  of  all  exhibits  slionld  be 
hnnded  to  tho  Secretaries  at  the  snrae  meeting  for  printing  in  tlie  Proceedings.  II 
the  epidisscope  is  required  a  week's  notice  must  be  given  ;  exhibits  to  be  satis- 
factorily focussed  by  this  inalrumeut  must  not  eicped  7  ins.  square. 

FelloWM  residuntabroBd,  or  wlio  are  otherwise  unable  to  attend,  are  romimlcd  that 
any  specimens,  notes,  or  obscrvatious  they  may  send  to  lite  SEClotaries  will  be 
considered  by  the  Council,  with  a  view  to  eiliihition  or  renJing  at  the  meetings 
of  the  Society. 

PAPERS  AND   ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Fellows  dexiring  to  communicate  ]uiiiers  to  tho  Society  must  send  the  full  titles  of 
socli  papers  either  to  the  Secretaries  at  the  Society's  rooms,  or  to  Commander 
J.  J.  Walker,  M.A.,  R.N.,  Aorsngi,  Lonsdale- road,  Summcrtown,  Oxford,  al, 
least  foui'teen  days  prior  to  tbe  date  of  the  meeting  at  which  it  is  proposed  that 
such  papers  sball  be  read. 

Anthors  proiiosing  to  illustrate  Ibeir  papers  should  communicate  with  the 
Seeretsriea  before  the  drawings  are  executed.  The  Council  recommend  that  tbe  siie 
of  the  work  ou  plates  should  1»  limitad  to  81  ina.  by  4  ins.,  and  in  no  case  will  it  be 
allowed  to  exceed  6}  ins.  by  4}  ins. 

Attention  is  called  to  tlie  Instructions  to  Authors  issued  with  Part  I  of  each 
Tolnme,  which  may  also  be  obtained  of  the  Resident  Librarian.  Inattcutioa  to 
these  teguUtione  may  involve  on  aathoi  in  considerable  expense.         Oi.)(.)QIl' 


CONTENTS  OF  PARTS  II,  III,  IV. 


IX,  A  Bevision  o[  tbe  gmmt  Tarve^.     Bt  O.  T.  BiTBinil-BlKEB,  FX  S.. 

F.Z.S.   ■ 

X.  Notes  on  some  Britiih  OniaiiB  2fvn<iu>p<(ra  (eidmriTe  of  the  F»nitiei<ldt), 

By  O.  B.  Bodkin,  B.A,  Dip.  Agrie.  (Csatab.),  F.Z.B.,  F.E.a.,  Ooretn- 

meet  EooDomic   Biologiat,  DepBrtment  of  Sdenoe  uid  AgncuItiiM. 

British  Ouiank 

XI,  On  a  CollectioD  of  Butterfliei  taken  in  Eat  Africa  by  Hr.  W.  A.  t«iDbani. 

BjH.  ELTRiNaHui,H.A.,D.8c.    With  Dot«  on  the  /'ttn'iuK,  by  Dr. 

F.  A.  Dixit,  F.R.3.,  and  deacriptiou  of  a  niw  form  of  P.  dcrJmiu  9 , 

hv  Prof.  E,  B.  FouLTOH.  F.R.S.  .u— — ^ 


Vsbnlary 

Tlu  Chair  tvill  be  taken  at  Bight  o'clock. 


THE  LIBRARY  . 
18  open  to  Fellows  and  their  friends  every  day  irom   9  a.m.  to 
6  p.iii.,  except  Saturdays,  when  it  closes  at  2  p.ni.     On  tlie  nights 
of  meeting  it  remains  open  until  10  p.m. 


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