Trans-Atlantic passenger ships, past and present

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PAST AP PRESENT

BY
EUGENE W. SMITH

Published by

GEORGE H. DEAN COMPANY
74 INDIA STREET, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS

COPYRIGHT, 1947 BY
EUGENE W. SMITH

First Edition

Printed in the United States of America

FOREWORD

The writer of this book of reference makes no claim to
sending it forth as a complete and exhaustive treatment of the
subject. The task of listing and describing every steamer,
freight or passenger, which has engaged in the North Atlantic
trade since 1840 would have necessitated a volume many
times larger than is the present one. However, the writer has
endeavored to include in the list every important passenger
ship which has been employed in this service since its incep-
tion, together with a large percentage of the lesser known
steamships.

Should any errors or noteworthy omissions be discovered
in the text the writer would much appreciate having his atten-
tion drawn to the matter, in order that the necessary correc-
tions may be made in subsequent editions.

He acknowledges with gratitude the assistance rendered by
Mr. Stephen Gmelin and Mr. Grant S. Taylor in the matter
of supplying some of the exact dates upon which certain ves-
sels were scrapped. This phase of the compilation required
much laborious research. In fact, it has convinced me that it
is almost impossible to obtain in full the necessary data
regarding the final disposition of every transatlantic ship.

Included in these expressions of appreciation must be also
those addressed to Mr. Fred C. Poyser of the Nautical Photo
Agency in England for the generous permission given for the
use of reproductions of ship photographs. It was early in
1930 that I first contacted Mr. Poyser via transatlantic cor-
respondence. Since that time I have been indebted to him
for many admirable pictures, and the correspondence we
carried on through the years has been instrumental in
keeping alive my keen interest in ships and shipping.

The splendid works of Mr. Frank C. Bowen and Mr. E. C.
Talbot-Booth on ships and shipping have been of particular
value to me in the preparation of this book. Future historians
will ever be grateful for the vast amount of shipping knowl-
edge they have made available.

I should also like to mention some of the books dealing with
the subject which have been of help to me. These are "The
History of North Atlantic Steam Navigation" by Henry Fry,
"Chronological History of the Origin and Development of
Steam Navigation" by Rear- Admiral George H. Preble, "The
Blue Riband" by Charles E. Lee, Allan L. Gary's series of
four books on the liners of the world, "The Boys' Book of
Steamships" by J. R. Howden, "Merchant Fleets" by Crit-
chell Remington and "Ships and Shipping" by E.P. Harnack.
Mention should be made of the New York Times for their
excellent news coverage of the subject. Both the American
and British marine magazines are splendid sources in provid-
ing information on the subject of ships.

The Peabody Museum at Salem, Massachusetts, also
should be mentioned as it has a wealth of information regard-
ing the subject and afforded much help to me.

I should like to draw special attention to The Steamship
Historical Society of America, who have their national head-
quarters at the Peabody Museum. I am a member of this
association and heartily recommend this Society to everyone
who is interested in nautical subjects.

EUGENE W. SMITH

Me'dford, Massachusetts
May 25, 1947.

CONTENTS

PART I

A Short History of the North Atlantic Record Breakers

PART II

Trans-Atlantic Passenger Ships Built Between 1840 and 1940

PART III

Fleet List

PART IV

The Longest Ships in the World
Past and Present

PART V

Liners over 600 feet Classified by Funnels and Masts
Past and Present

PART VI

Pictorial Section of Representative Ships in
Chronological Order

INDEX

Pages 335 to 350

PART I

A SHORT HISTORY OF THE

NORTH ATLANTIC RECORD BREAKERS

THE NEED FOR SPEEDY TRANSPORTATION

In the third and fourth decades of the 19th century, there
was brought to the Western World a realization of the fact
that a new era in human history had dawned upon the planet.
In industrial countries like England the application of steam
driven machinery for the manufacture of textiles and other
varieties of consumer goods, had led to an imperative demand
on the part of the manufacturers for more extensive markets
for the profitable disposal of their products. In short,
thoughtful people everywhere were becoming awakened to
a realization that the industrial age had arrived with a crying
need for some more rapid form of transportation between the
ocean-separated countries of the world than had been possible
in the more leisurely past.

At the same time the increasingly difficult economic con-
ditions which were a part of life on the European continent
were causing many thousands of the poorer classes to cast
longing eyes in the direction of the new world of America,
with its limitless opportunities for the industrious and enter-
prising to attain comforts which in the older countries were
far beyond their reach, and the need for rapid and safe
oceanic transportation was not confined exclusively to travel
from Europe to America. Even then farsighted people were
becoming aware that before many years had elapsed the
infant giant of American industrial production would begin
to flex its baby muscles and revel in its growing strength.
Soon it would begin to demand a far more extended outlet
for, first, its raw materials and later on for its manufactured
goods than at that time was afforded by the home market.
True a considerable business was even then being carried on
between the cottirn growers of the Southern States and the
mill owners of Lancashire, but the transatlantic journey by

sailing ship was a slow and uncertain business, being subject
to the unpredictable vagaries of wind and storm, and generally
unsatisfactory. Thus, it may readily be seen that a pressing
need existed for an improved and more rapid method of
travel between Europe and North America. This need ap-
plied not alone to the interchange of commodities between
the two continents but also to the bettering of passenger
traffic conditions, which at the time were of an exceedingly
primitive nature. In the British Isles thousands of the poorer
classes longed for an opportunity to seek a new home in
America, if the journey could be made at a reasonably small
expense, while on this side of the Atlantic many Americans
desired fervently to revisit the homes of their ancestors,
particularly those Americans who hailed from the British
Isles.

As has usually been the case among progressive and in-
ventive peoples, any urgent need occasions ere long a dis-
covery of some means of satisfying those needs, and so it
was in this case. The power of steam had already been
harnessed to the stationary engines and had even been in-
stalled on some ocean-going ships to serve as an auxiliary to
the driving force of the wind. The experiment had proved
so successful that presently it was found feasible to dispense
entirely with mast and sail, entrusting the task of propelling
the ship to the power of the steam which was generated in
the vessel's own boilers. Thus, the steamship came into al-
most universal use for transatlantic travel.

THE FORMATION OF THE CUNARD LINE

In the year 1838 Samuel Cunard a resident of Halifax,
Nova Scotia and a man of considerable energy and foresight
initiated the enterprise which led eventually to the formation
of the famous Cunard Steamship Company. The result of
his genius and initiative was soon manifest in the creation of
the fastest line of steamships which up to that time had ever

2

made the crossing, and secured for themselves the so called
Blue Ribbon of the Atlantic, an honorary title awarded to
the steamship making the fastest time between Great Britain
and North America.

The Cunard Line's first great steam propelled vessel was
called the Britannia, a ship built on the Clyde in 1840. On
her maiden voyage from Liverpool to Boston the Britannia
left the former port on the fourth of July 1840 and arrived
at Halifax twelve days later, on the sixteenth day of the
month, thus creating a new record of twelve days for the
voyage. The launching was soon followed by that of her
three sister ships, the Acadia, Caledonia, and Columbia.
The construction of these four pioneers of the passenger
service was entrusted to four different shipbuilding firms.
The vessels were all built of wood and were driven by engines
of 740 indicated horse-power. They consumed about 38 tons
of coal per day, an amount sufficient to drive the paddle-
wheel propelled ships at a speed of slightly more than eight
knots an hour.

The Britannia's first record of a twelve day crossing lasted
but for a short time. It was eclipsed the following month
by the performance of her sister ship the Acadia, which
covered the same distance in eleven days and four hours, thus
averaging a speed of 9K knots per hour. Later on the
Britannia regained the record by making the journey in ten
days flat, a noteworthy achievement for those early days of
fast passenger service. Again, the Acadia came back to beat
Britannia's record and to win the crown which remained
in her possession until the advent of a new Cunarder the
Hibernia which won the Blue Ribbon in the month of July
1847, in what was then the phenomenal time of nine days,
one hour and thirty minutes for the Halifax 'to Liverpool
voyage, averaging thus a speed of 11.67 knots for the crossing.
This steamship was built on the Clyde by Robert .Steele in
1843. The wooden hull was powered by a side lever type
engine which was able to develop 1,040 indicated horse-

power. The general design of the Hibernia was so well
thought of by the Cunard owners that it was repeated two
years later in the Cambria which also proved herself to be a
fast ship. The Hibernia finally lost the supremacy in May
1850, her successor to the crown being still another Cunarder,
the Asia, which had made the Liverpool to Halifax crossing
in eight days and seventeen hours at an average speed of
12.12 knots.

From 1840 to 1851 the Cunard Line held almost undis-
puted mastery of the Atlantic crossing, but from that time
on it began to encounter increasingly stiff competition from
a newly formed fleet of steamships which, taking the name
of their founder E. K. Collins, was known as the Collins
Line. This American company commenced operations
with a fleet of four sister ships, the Atlantic, Arctic, Baltic
and Pacific. These ships were, both in respect to speed
and luxurious appointments, a distinct advance over the
Cunarders of the period. They even anticipated present
day conveniences by such innovations as smoking rooms and
barber shops. Each cost approximately $700,000 to build.
They were constructed of wood and had huge paddle-wheels
that measured 353/6 feet in diameter. They were powered
by two-cylinder side-lever type engines. One of them, the
Pacific, captured the speed record by raising the average
speed on the New York to Liverpool trip to 13.01 knots.
This line after gaining possession of the speed record kept
it for the next five years, with the Baltic and the Atlantic
being rated as the fastest vessels afloat Curing that period.
The history of the Collins Line was, however, destined to be
a short one. Its complete collapse took place in January
1858 and put an end for all time to the rivalry that existed
between its founder, Mr. E. K. Collins and the owners of
the Cunard Line. Under his aggressive leadership many
great improvements and a settled policy of expansion were
being planned and would doubtless have been carried out
had not fate intervened by bringing about the loss of the
Arctic, which went down after colliding with the French

steamer Vesta during conditions of dense fog on September
27th, 1854. Mr. Collin's wife, their only son and a daughter
went down with the ill fated ship, and other financial dis-
asters soon led to the breaking up of the Collins organization.
In June 1856 the Cunard steamship Persia captured the
Blue Ribbon for the fastest crossing of the Atlantic up to
that time by lowering the Queenstown to New York record
to nine days, one hour and forty-five minutes. The Persia
was a handsome ship with lines of grace and beauty from
figurehead to taffrail. She was destined to become one of
the most famous vessels that had ever served on the Atlantic
Ferry, and was the first Cunarder equipped with iron paddle-
wheels. Her 7,130 tons displacement mide her a very sizable
ship for her day, though that displacement was soon to be
surpassed by that of the Great Eastern. So much has already
been written about this remarkable ship, that a few salient
facts concerning her will be all that is needed to serve our
purpose. The Great Eastern was built by J. Scott Russell
at Millwall from the designs of the great French marine
engineer Brunei, who seemingly was to have been the spark
plug behind the whole enterprise. This man had both fore-
sight and ambition. He wished to perpetuate his name by
some achievement which would be outstanding in the annals
of marine architecture, and the building of this great ship
was assuredly an exceedingly ambitious project for that day
and age. Had the Great Eastern been employed in the service
for which she had been designed, her career perhaps would
have been a more successful one. Her builder's intention
was to have her ply on the European-Australian route. Her
huge size would have allowed her sufficient coal storage space
to have covered the long distance with ease. A large number
of passengers could have been accommodated, plus a cargo
sufficiently large to have made the venture a paying invest-
ment. However, she was never used in this service, and as
an Atlantic passenger ship she proved a failure. Her maiden
voyage was made from Southampton to New York on June
17, 1860. The journey taking her 11 days, 13 hours and 15

minutes to accomplish. On the trip she carried only thirty-
seven passengers — a number far insufficient to cover her large
operating cost. The bookings for subsequent voyages were
also out of all proportion to the expense of driving the huge
hulk across the Atlantic. The discontinuance, therefore, of
her use as an Atlantic passenger carrier was a foregone con-
clusion. In consequence of this the great ship was taken off
the Atlantic service for which she was so obviously unfitted,
and put to work at the task of laying the Atlantic cable.
This being completed, the ill fated giant proved a white
elephant indeed to her owners. She sunk lower and lower in
the estimation of seafaring men and before her final trip to
the scrapper's yard in 1891, she had been reduced to the
ignoble task of serving as a kind of a circus side show for the
curious to gape at. Thus ended the chequered career of a
vessel of which much had been expected.

In 1862 the Cunard Company again came to the fore with
the launching of that great ship the Scotia. This noted vessel
won the speed record in the year of her launching and later
bettered her own record. In December 1863 she made the
Queenstown to New York passage in 8 days and 3 hours, and
finally in June 1864 she attained an average speed of 14.54
knots. This record stood for three years until in 1867, the
newly built Russia, another Cunarder, took over the honor
of being Queen of the Atlantic with a record run from New
York to Queenstown of 8 days and 25 minutes. The Scotia
had the additional distinction of making the highest average
speed of any Atlantic paddle steamer. But the Russia failed
to hold the record for any extended period, for in November
1867 the Cunard Line relinquished for the second time its
proud boast of being the holder of the Blue Ribbon that
symbolized Atlantic supremacy. The new victor was the
freshly built Inman liner, the City of Paris, which set a new
record for the westward run, and in December 1869 a second
Inman liner, called, the City of Brussels, took over the prize.
This steamship was built by the firm of Tod and McGregor
of Glasgow. The original engines were of the horizontal

direct acting trunk type. However, in 1876 they were re-
placed by four cylinder tandem compound engines. The time
of 7 days, 22 hours and 3 minutes made by the City of Brussels
for the New York to Queenstown passage was not bettered
by any other ship until May 1872, when the Adriatic of the
newly organized White Star Line took over the leadership and
the Blue Ribbon of the Atlantic.

THE ARRIVAL OF THE WHITE STAR LINE

The pioneer vessel of this fleet was the Oceanic, from the
yards of Harland and Wolff, shipbuilders of Belfast, Ireland.
She was launched on August 27, 1870. In February of the
following year she sailed from her builder's yards to Liver-
pool, the city which was to be her home port for a number
of years. The Oceanic, herself never captured the Atlantic
Blue Ribbon but as has been already stated the trophy was
won in 1872 by her sister ship the Adriatic, a vessel of similar
design. This steamer commenced her maiden voyage on
April 11, 1872 and soon showed herself to be more than a
match in speed for the Inman liner City of Brussels. The long
and useful life of the Adriatic lasted until 1896 when she was
retired from the service, and in 1899 broken up by ship-
breakers at Preston. In 1873 another White Star liner gained
the limelight. This was the steamer Baltic which sailed on
her maiden voyage from the port of Liverpool on September
4th, 1871. However, it was not until January 1873 that she
was listed among the champions by making the New York
to Queenstown crossing in 7 days, 20 hours and 9 minutes,
averaging a speed for the trip of 15.21 knots, really fast time
for that period. She was later sold to the Holland American
Line in 1889 and after being renamed was finally wrecked
in 1898.

In 1875 a new record breaker made her appearance. This
was the Inman liner City of Berlin, a ship that was destined
to play a prominent part in the history of Atlantic crossings.

7

She was built by Caird and Company at Greenock in Scotland
for the express purpose of restoring to the Inman Line the
coveted Blue Ribbon which had been lost by the City of
Brussels to the White Star boat Adriatic. This feat she
accomplished in September 1875 by making the Queenstown
to New York passage in 7 days, 18 hours and 2 minutes, thus
lowering all previous records for the run. Then in October
of the following year she again cut the time to 7 days, 15
hours and 28 minutes. Two years later in 1878 the City of
Berlin created a sensation in maritime circles by installing
in her saloon, steerage and engine room the recently dis-
covered illuminating agent "electricity". At the time this
innovation was regarded as the pinnacle of luxurious appoint-
ments.

The trend in shipbuilding was now towards larger and more
powerful steamers. The White Star Line sister ships Britannic
and Germanic were the first ones to exceed 5,000 tons gross.
They were fitted with compound tandem type engines capable
of developing 5,000 indicated horse-power. Their iron hulls
were soon put to the test of winning the Blue Ribbon a& they
commenced their maiden voyages. The Germanic made the
eastern crossing in February 1876 in 7 days, 15 hours and
17 minutes, averaging 15.81 knots for the run between New
York and Liverpool, while her sister the Britannic did the
westward passage in the record time of 7 days, 12 hours and
41 minutes. These fine ships proved very popular. Aboard
them excellent accommodation was provided for 220 first-
class and 900 third-class passengers. The two ships were
used on the Atlantic crossing for a number of years, and in
fact one of them the Germanic was still afloat quite recently
under the name Gulcemal and of Turkish registry.

During their heyday the City of Berlin, Britannic and
Germanic were all fighting for top position as the fastest liner.
Eventually the Britannic proved to be more consistently the
fastest and retained the speed record until the end of the
decade.

In 1879 a new aspirant appeared to contend for the Atlantic
Blue Ribbon. The Guion Line launched their new steamship
Arizona and the White Star Line had to relinquish its hold
of top place in the speed class. This ship broke all existing
records for the Queenstown to New York crossing. In July
1879 she completed the run in 7 days, 10 hours and 22 minutes,
and by making the return trip in 7 days, 8 hours and 11
minutes she clinched her claim to the supremacy of the
Atlantic. The Arizona was built and engined by John Elder
and Company of Glasgow. She was destined to achieve
world renown by making the news headlines in November
1879 while on a homeward bound passage. On this occasion
she had the misfortune to run full speed into a huge iceberg,
and remarkable to say she failed to sink. She was able to put
into the port of St. Johns, Newfoundland, there to undergo
extensive repairs. It was found that her bow had been com-
pletely smashed and crumpled almost to the first bulkhead.
Had the damage extended beyond this point she would
unquestionably have gone down. It seems an almost miracu-
lous occurrence that no loss of life or even injury to any one
aboard ensued as a result of the collision, yet such was the
case. In this respect the Guion Line was most fortunate for
had a major tragedy developed the fate of the company
would have been extremely critical.

The Arizona was the first Atlantic steamer to be fitted with
compound 3-crank type engines. She was offered for sale
in 1894, but failed to find a purchaser at that time. How-
ever, after being laid up for two years, she was given new
machinery by her builders, and converted for transpacific
service, from which she was taken over by the United States
Government for use in the war against Spain. Her name
was changed to Hancock, and after her war services as a
transport was put on the San Francisco and Philippines run
as an American troop carrier. She was finally broken up by
shipbreakers near San Francisco in 1926.

The Arizona was followed by the Alaska. This new Guion
liner lowered the Queenstown to New York time in April

1882 to 7 days, 6 hours and 43 minutes and for the first time
an average speed of 16 knots was attained, her official average
being recorded as 16.10 knots for the voyage.

In June 1882 she cut still further time off the record by
going from New York to Queenstown in 6 days and 22 hours
flat, thus becoming the first ship to make the distance under
7 days. This fine ship was another example of the splendid
work done by the shipbuilders on the Clyde. The Alaska
like the Arizona also came from the yard of John Elder and
Company and cost about $1,200,000 to build. She later
made a crossing at an average speed of 17.17 knots.

The Oregon was the last important ship launched by the
Guion Line. She started on her maiden voyage across the
Atlantic on October 7, 1883 and made the crossing from
Queenstown to New York in 6 days, 10 hours and 10 minutes.
Not long afterwards this ship passed into the hands of the
Cunard Line, owing to the inability of the owners to make
final payment for the cost of her construction to the builder,
who, therefore, repossessed her and sold her to the Cunard
organization. The life of the Oregon was not a long one for
on March 14, 1886 when off Fire Island, she was in collision
with an unknown schooner. As she had been struck in a most
vulnerable place it was plainly evident that any hope of
saving her was futile. Fortunately for the 641 passengers
aboard and for the 255 crew members, the express liner Fulda
of the North German Lloyd Line arrived in time to rescue
all on board of the doomed ship.

During the Eighties a number of fast and noteworthy
passenger ships were employed on the Atlantic Ferry. Among
these were several impressive looking vessels of the North
German Lloyd. These were all fairly similar in design and
as originally built had four well spaced masts with two fun-
nels situated about midship. The Elbe was the first ship of
this class to be built, followed by eight others, the Fulda
which has already been mentioned in connection with the
rescue from the Oregon, the Werra, Eider, Ems, Aller, Saale,

10

Trave and Lahn. These all were built in British shipyards,
and their efforts caused the North German Lloyd Line to
assume a leading position in the North Atlantic trade. The
Lahn was the fastest ship of this group, and for some time
held the record between the German ports and New York.
This ship had accommodations for 224 first-class, 106 second-
class and 700 third-class passengers. Her appearance was
substantially changed at one time by the removal of two of
her original four masts, but the alteration failed to lessen
the beauty of her lines. In 1904 this ship was sold to the
Russian Government which promptly bestowed on her the
name of Buss.

About this time the Cunard Line launched the well known
ship the Servia. She proved to be fast though not in the
record breaking class, being designed mainly for spaciousness
and comfort. The main saloon measured 74 feet by 49 feet
and provided the luxurious appointments that were beginning
to be demanded by first class passengers. Of these no less
than 350 could be seated simultaneously in this large room.
The ship had a 3-crank compound engine which could develop
12,000 indicated horse-power. Later the Cunard Company
launched another outstanding ship, the Aurania. This
splendid vessel achieved a speed of 18.7 knots during her trial
trip, after two additional boilers had been installed. She
shared with the Servia and the Gallia the task of taking care
of the express travel between Liverpool and New York for
some time. Her single screw was powered by a 3-crank com-
pound engine developing as much as 10,000 indicated horse-
power.

In the year 1885 came the two Cunard record breakers
Etruria and Umbria who in their turn won and for a time held
the Blue Ribbon. These two fine sister ships were built by
John Elder and Company. Their engines were capable of
developing 15,000 indicated horse-power thus making them
the most powerful single screw steamers afloat. The Etruria
won the Ribbon in May 1885 by making the Queenstown

11

to Sandy Hook passage in 6 days, 5 hours and 31 minutes.
Later in March 1887 she lowered the New York to Queens-
town record to 6 days, 4 hours and 36 minutes with an
average speed of 19.90 knots. Her sister ship the Umbria won
the record for the western passage in May 1887 making the
distance in 6 days, 4 hours and 42 minutes, averaging 18.89
knots for the run.

The Etmria recaptured the record on the same month
one year later by making the Queenstown to Sandy Hook
crossing in 6 days, 2 hours and 27 minutes. These two highly
successful ships continued in the Atlantic trade for many
years, the Etruria going to the scrapper's yard first in 1909
at Preston and the Umbria meeting the same fate the follow-
ing year.

An old line called the National became prominent for a
brief period of time with the launching of the steamer America,
a vessel built by the firm of J. and G. Thomson of Glasgow.
This fine looking ship with her clipper bow was built for the
express purpose of competing with the already established
lines for the first-class passenger trade of the North Atlantic.
During her trials she made 17.8 knots whereupon she entered
the Atlantic service in 1884 and immediately won the Blue
Ribbon for the eastward passage by crossing from New York
to Queenstown in 6 days, 14 hours and 8 minutes. Her
triumph, however, was short lived, for but a short time later
that time was bettered by the Oregon. The America did not
remain long in the Atlantic service for in 1886 she was sold
to the Italian government which at once converted her into
a war cruiser, renaming her Trinacria. Still later she was
used by the Italian reigning family as a royal yacht. Some
forty years later in 1925 she finished her career in the scrap-
per's yard. This ship represented the only attempt on the
part of the National Line to contend for the speed record.
Their other ships were for the most part slow moving vessels
which catered principally to the emigrant trade.

In 1881 the Inman Line had financed the construction of
one of the most beautiful steamships ever to plough the waves

12

of the Atlantic. This liner named City of Rome was built
in the yards of the Barrow Shipbuilding and Engineering
Company. She was launched in the month of June 1881,
with the confident expectation of the owners that she would
prove to be a record breaker on the Atlantic passage. This
goal she was never able to attain, as her engine power proved
entirely insufficient for the rugged task of negotiating the
distance in anything like record time. Swallowing their
disappointment her Inman Line owners, after using her for
a few Atlantic crossings returned her to the builders who
resold her to the Anchor Line. She was employed in the
North Atlantic trade for a number of years and though never
a really fast ship proved to be a very popular one, her speed
being quite fast enough for the average passenger.

Before the advent of two later Inman liners the City of
Paris and the City of New York, the French Line put in a
bid for supremacy with several outstanding passenger ships.
This particular class numbered in its roster such names as
La Champagne, La Bourgogne, La Bretagne and La Gascogne.
They were all equipped with the luxurious appointments
that the period demanded of first class passenger ships. Ac-
commodations were provided for a list of 390 first-class, 65
second-class and 690 third-class passengers. Their speed was
rated at 171A knots, usually regarded at that time as being
ample. They had four masts and two funnels at first, but
later dispensed with two of the four masts. The ship La
Bourgogne was the speediest of the quartet, making the cross-
ing between La Havre and Sandy Hook in 7 days and 9 hours,
averaging 17.91 knots. This ill fated ship achieved an
unenviable notoriety on July 4th, 1898; while off Sable Island
she was rammed by a British sailing ship named Cromarty-
shire. In the terrible melee that followed 549 people lost
their lives. This fearful accident has gone down in history
as being one of the greatest of all maritime disasters.

The year 1888 witnessed the launching of the two sen-
sational Inman liners the City of Paris and the City of New

13

York. These famous ships were built by J. and G. Thomson
of Clydebank, Glasgow. Their construction was originally
intended to be undertaken by the Lairds of Birkenhead, but
because of the fact that the shipways of the latter firm were
not at that time large enough to accommodate ships of
10,000 tons gross, the order was secured by the Clydebank
firm. These ships were especially noteworthy due to the
innovation of their being equipped with twin screw pro-
pellers. This experiment in ship propulsion proved an
immediate success — a fact that no doubt accounted for their
capture of the Blue Bibbon from the former holders of the
trophy, the Cunarder's Etniria and Umbria. Although the
twin screw idea was a novel one, it was by no means the first
time it had been employed in steamer construction. At a
much earlier date than 1888 a steamship called the Netting
Hill had been fitted with twin screws, and it is significant
also that several French liners built in the Sixties had been
converted from paddle-wheel to screw propulsion and of them
such ships as the Washington were given twin screws. In
fact much of this conversion work had been initiated during
the Seventies.

The City of Paris lowered the record in May 1889 by
steaming over the Sandy Hook to Queenstown route at an
average speed of 20.2 knots, thus bringing the average speed
record up to 20 knots for the first time in the history of
Atlantic navigation. The new 20 knot liner was soon to see
her sister ship the City of New York better her record by
making the same trip in 5 days, 19 hours and 57 minutes,
averaging for the journey a speed of 20.10 knots. However,
of the two ships the Paris ultimately proved to be the faster.
They both had a long and varied life, though their appearance
was somewhat changed later on by each having a mast and
a funnel removed. As originally designed they had three
masts and three funnels, thus making a really impressive
appearance as they sailed the high seas. In 1893 these two
fine ships were transferred to American registry as they be-
came a part of the reorganized American Line. Their names

14

were changed by removing the words "City of and thus
became known as the New York and the Paris.

During 1889-90, the Hamburg-American Line entered the
fast liner service with four excellent ships named Normannia,
Furst Bismark, Columbia and Auguste Victoria. They repre-
sented their owners' first serious attempt to go into the
express steamship service. Two of them, the Columbia and
Normannia, were built in British shipyards, while the Furst
Bismark and the Auguste Victoria were examples of German
shipbuilding. These fine appearing three-funnelled ships were
all somewhat similar in size and design. Their tonnage
ranged from 7,383 to 8,874 tons gross, and each was able to
steam at an average speed of 18 knots with ease. The Co-
lumbia on her maiden voyage in July 1889 from Hamburg to
New York steamed the distance in 6 days and 19 hours, thus
proving herself to be almost as fast as the North German
Lloyd liner Lahn, whose fastest passage she came within two
or three hours of equalling. The Columbia later improved
her own time for the Hamburg to New York run by making
it in 6 days, 15 hours and 58 minutes. Of the quartet, the
Furst Bismark in the end proved to be the fastest though the
margin of speed between the four was very slight. The
Auguste Victoria was subjected to some quite extensive
alterations in 1896 by having her original length of 461 feet
extended to 522 feet. Her appearance was further altered
by the installing of two well-spaced masts to replace the
original three. In 1904 this ship was sold to the Russians
and renamed Kuban. She was scrapped three years later in
1907. These four ships, together with the Deutschland which
was to be built in 1899, were the only ones built for the Ham-
burg-American Line which were constructed expressly for
the purpose of winning the Blue Ribbon of the Atlantic.
The Deutschland was the only one of the five which succeeded
in the quest, accomplishing the feat in 1900.

The La Touraine, built by the French Line in 1891, proved
to be an exceptionally fast Atlantic liner for that date. Her

15

time of 6 days, 18 hours for the trip from La Havre to New
York was regarded as a remarkable performance for the
period. This ship had 45 furnaces to furnish her nine boilers
with an amount of steam pressure sufficient to enable her
triple expansion engines to drive the vessel at a better than
19 knots speed. She was a handsome ship equipped with
two large funnels, and her interior appointments were fully
in keeping with the high standard set by the French Line.

The Majestic and the Teutonic, two great White Star liners
were the outstanding vessels of their day. These splendid
ships came from the Harland and Wolff yards at Belfast,
Ireland and took turns in winning the coveted Blue Ribbon
of the Atlantic. The Teutonic beating all previous records
by steaming from Queenstown to Sandy Hook in 5 days, 16
hours and 31 minutes, thus averaging 20.43 knots for the
trip. These ships were built at a cost of $2,000,000 each and
were of the twin screw type which by now had been generally
accepted as being superior to any other method of propulsion
for the huge express liners of the period. Their 16 boilers
were heated by 76 furnaces enabling the engines to develop
17,500 indicated horse-power. Accommodations were pro-
vided for 300 first-class, 170 second-class and 850 third-class
passengers.

Both these great vessels passed long and busy years on the
Atlantic run, the Majestic finally fulfilling her destiny by
reaching the shipbreaker's yard just prior to World War I,
while the Teutonic lingered on till after the war, and reached
the dismantling process at the hands of shipbreakers in
Rotterdam in the year 1921.

The Cunard Line in 1892-3 had two magnificent steamships
built for them by the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering
Company of Glasgow. The Campania was the first of these
to be launched, that event taking place on September 8, 1892.
Her sister ship the Lucania followed her down the ways five
months later on February 1893. Ere long a contest for top
honors in the Atlantic race was to develop between these two

16

fast steamers. On April 22, 1893 the Campania led off by
making her maiden voyage from Liverpool to New York in
very fast time, and on the return trip setting a record break-
ing mark of 5 days, 17 hours and 27 minutes, averaging 21.07
knots for the crossing. This incidentally marked the first
time any ship had averaged 21 knots an hour for an Atlantic
voyage. Then in May 1894 the Lucania took command of
the westward passage by making it in 5 days, 12 hours and
57 minutes, averaging 21.75 knots, a figure which marked the
highest speed attainment up to that time. Back came the
Campania to regain the record for the Liverpool to New York
course by making the distance in 5 days, 9 hours and 21
minutes. This friendly rivalry between two ships of the
same Cunard fleet was finally terminated when the Lucania
grasped the honors for both the eastward and westward
passages in 1894, a supremacy which she maintained until
the appearance of the Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse. Before
touching upon the essential facts concerning this latter ship,
we might pause for a moment to examine a few details in
reference to the construction and appearance of these two
great Cunarders, the Campania and Lucania. They were
ships equipped with two huge rather wide funnels. Their
triple expansion engines were able to develop 30,000 indicated
horse-power. On her best days' run the Lucania did 562
nautical miles. In regard to their interior appointments the
two ships had main dining saloons which measured 85 feet
by 63 feet and were able to seat 400 passengers at once.

With respects to their final fate, the Lucania was almost
completely gutted by fire while moored to her Liverpool dock
in 1909. It was decided that the cost of reconditioning would
be too great an investment to be profitable, therefore the
grand old ship was sold to the wreckers for scrap. However,
her engines had not been measurably affected by the destroy-
ing flames, and in an exceedingly battered state she travelled
under her own power to her last port in the scrapper's yard,
actually making on the trip a speed of 17 knots like the
gallant old warrior that she was.

17

When the start of World War I came, her sister ship the
Campania was still afloat. The British government took
possession of the old vessel and had her made over into a
seaplane carrier. She was used in this capacity during the
early war years and as such she went through the great battle
of Jutland. Finally her time came on the fifth of November
1918 at the hands of her own countrymen, for she was rammed
by the British battleship Revenge in the Firth of Forth and
sank immediately.

The Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse was a fine specimen of a
four-funnelled liner. She was launched on March 4, 1897
from a German shipyard. Her 14,349 gross tonnage along
with her general appearance made this ship a very impressive
sight. She was a North German Lloyd liner and started on
her maiden voyage from Bremen in the month of September
the 21st day in the year 1897. After calling at the port of
Southampton she made a run to Sandy Hook that broke all
existing records. Her time for the trip was 5 days, 22 hours,
and 45 minutes. Her return voyage was made in 5 days, 15
hours and 10 minutes. Thus she won the crown for both the
eastward and westward passages, and remained Queen of the
Atlantic until the Hamburg- American Line introduced into
the Atlantic service their new ocean greyhound the Deutsch-
land. So for the first time in their history the Hamburg-
American Line succeeded in capturing the Blue Ribbon of
the Atlantic. This speedy ship the Deutschland was launched
in January of the year 1900. She was somewhat larger than
the Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse but as regards outward appear-
ance both of these German ships were very much alike, for
they each had four funnels and two masts, and when seen
together the two vessels had a sister ship aspect. The Deutsch-
land made her record breaking crossing on the Sandy Hook to
Plymouth crossing, taking but 5 days, 7 hours and 38 minutes
for the trip, at an average speed of 24.37 knots, a performance
which clinched for her the speed record for the time. She
failed however to retain her supremacy for any extended
period, for soon came the latest North German Lloyd product

18

the Kronprinz Wilhelm. This ship proved conclusively that
she was a somewhat faster steamship than the Deutschland,
yet the latter will always be remembered as representing the
Hamburg-American Line's only successful attempt to capture
the Atlantic speed record. The Deutschland remained after
her defeat by the Kronprinz Wilhelm, a very serviceable and
fast ship for a number of years, and prior to the commence-
ment of the first World War she was employed as a cruising
ship, sailing under the name of Victoria Luise. At the close
of the war she was again renamed, this time Hansa, and after
being subjected to some alterations she was fitted out for
service in the emigrant trade. The alterations had drastically
changed the appearance of the former Deutschland, for now
she had but two funnels instead of four and had entirely lost
the ocean greyhound aspect which once distinguished her.
She was finally broken up by shipbreakers in Italy in 1925.
The famous Kronprinz Wilhelm had an extremely interesting
career. She was launched by the Vulcan shipbuilding firm
at Stettin, Germany, on March 30, 1901. During her speed
trials the following year she averaged 23.34 knots. In Septem-
ber 1902 this fine 14,908 ton liner made the Cherbourg to
Sandy Hook crossing in 5 days, 11 hours and 57 minutes,
thereby winning the Blue Ribbon. She also broke the east-
ward record by making the distance in 5 days and 11 hours.
The Kronprinz was finally forced to bow to a new champion
the Kaiser Wilhelm II, another North German Lloyd liner.

The Kronprinz Wilhelm will always remain treasured in
the hearts of the German people as a result of her remarkable
exploits during World War I. The great liner was at her
berth in Hoboken, New Jersey, when war broke out in
August 1914. It was on the evening of August 3rd that she
weighed anchor, and with the aid of the harbor tugs she left
the port of Hoboken to embark upon one of the most venture-
some voyages she had ever been called upon to undertake.
It was a cruise that was destined to last for 251 days. Three
days later she contacted the German light cruiser Karlesruhe
at an appointed rendezvous in the West Indies. The tension

19

and excitement among her crew mounted as a transfer of guns,
ammunition, and supplies of all kind took place between the
Karlesruhe and the Kronprinz Wilhelm, with the momentary
expectation by the officers and crews of the two ships of being
intercepted and captured by units of the British fleet, which
was known to be somewhere in the vicinity of the West Indies.
Before the transfer had been fully completed, the work was
brought to an abrupt stop when a British cruiser was sighted
on the horizon. At once the two ships separated, the Kron-
prinz stealing away, while the Karlesruhe enticed the British
cruiser to steam in pursuit of her. Eventually the German
cruiser escaped through her superior speed, after experiencing
many anxious moments, for a great many shells that would
have quite probably disabled her, fell harmlessly in the
water, uncomfortably close to her stern.

Thus began the epic cruise of the Kronprinz Wilhelm and
her adventures during this mystery voyage developed all
the elements of a thrilling odyssey, complete with savage
storms, daring rendezvous with supply ships, and the sinking
or capturing of many enemy vessels. By the time the hazard-
ous cruise was ended the Kronprinz had compiled a list of
26 victims sunk, representing a total tonnage of 58,201 tons
gross of merchant shipping. During her 25 1 days of dangerous
action she had covered more than 37,000 miles of ocean,
situated for the most part in the region of the South Atlantic.
She became a terror to all commercial shipping which was
operating in that part of the world, and the search for her by
British warships grew daily more intensive. It was not until
her supplies had become dangerously low, her machinery
badly in need of overhauling and her fuel supply almost
exhausted, together with the fact a number of her crew, sick
with scurvy occasioned by the lack of fresh fruits and vege-
tables that the decision was reached to seek shelter in a
neutral port in order to gain the safety offered by internment.
It was on the evening of April 10, 1915 that the Kronprinz
Wilhelm found herself some sixty miles off the Virginia Capes,
with the most dangerous ordeal of her career staring her in

20 '

the face. It will be recalled that at this time the United
States had not yet entered the conflict, consequently the
port of Norfolk to which the Kronprinz was heading was
still neutral territory. The entrance to Chesapeake Bay was
guarded by a cordon of six British warships, and the task
which confronted the German raider was that of attempting
to elude the vigilance of the blockading ships and of making
a run for safety. It would be an absolute essential that the
run be an exceedingly fast one, and every effort was devoted
to the effort of preparing for a lightning dash through the
blockade. History records that the daring attempt was
crowned with complete success, though for a time it was
feared that the boilers of the Kronprinz Wilhelm would blow
up on account of the terrific pressure put upon her engines
through the necessity of forcing her to the utmost limit of her
speed capacity. Commencing at 16 knots her indicator
climbed until she registered a speed of over 25 knots, well
beyond the danger mark. Estimating carefully the exact
moment for the venture, the Kronprinz, in total darkness, shot
between two British cruisers which were stationed about
% mile away on either side. At the time the ship's speed
was so great that she trembled from stem to stern like a
racing locomotive. After running the blockade she dropped
anchor in Chesapeake Bay at midnight. The British had
not observed her in time to bring their guns to bear upon the
flying vessel, and so for the time being the great ship was
safe in a neutral harbor. During the latter years of the war,
the Kronprinz Wilhelm and her crew were interned by the
United States government at the Norfolk Navy Yard. She
had successfully weathered the vicissitudes of an epic voyage,
but it was discovered that in doing so her engines had been
badly strained through the excessive burden placed upon
them during her hour of fame. She proved of very little value
when later taken over by the United States government for
war service. After hostilities had ceased she was not con-
sidered worthwhile to be put back as a passenger ship, and
so until 1923 when she was scrapped she spent her remaining
years tied up at the dock.

21

As previously noted the North German Lloyd liner, Kaiser
Wilhelm II, was the next in line to capture the Blue Ribbon.
In her general appearance she was somewhat similar to the
earlier Kronprinz Wilhelm, though larger and slightly faster.
She won the trophy in August 1903 by making the eastward
crossing in 5 days, 10 hours and 42 minutes, with her best
days run being 564 nautical miles. This fine ship was seized
by the United States government in World War I and used
as a troop transport under the name of Agamemnon. Later
this name was changed to Monticello, and after the war she
was tied up with her sister ship, Kronprinzessin Cecilie, in
the St. James River to serve as a reserve unit for the transport
service of the United States Navy. However, during the
second World War these two ships were broken up for the
scrap metal so urgently needed at the time.

The Kronprinzessin Cecilie was the fourth and last ship of
this class of North German Lloyd express liners to be built.
She was practically a duplicate of the Kaiser Wilhelm II.
Her speed was slightly greater but only by a narrow margin.
This ship never actually won the Blue Ribbon for those
phenomenal steamships the Mauretania and the Lusitania,
were put into service and won the trophy before the German
liner had any opportunity to try and annex it.

The Kronprinzessin Cecilie was launched on December 1,
1906, and had completed her trials by July 1907. Like her
sister ship Kaiser Wilhelm II she was used by the United
States government as a transport during the first World War.
The outbreak of hostilities found her at sea, whereupon she
was ordered returned to an American port. She was anchored
first at Bar Harbor, Maine and was later sent on to Boston
where she remained until the United States entered the war.
After being seized by the United States government she was
overhauled at East Boston and converted into a troopship
and renamed Mount Vernon. While in this service was
torpedoed off Brest, France, but was able to make port. The
explosion occurred in one of the engine rooms which had been

22

sealed off by water-tight doors and the agonized cries of the
thirty-six men trapped in this compartment could be clearly
heard through the ventilators. However, nothing could be
done to release them from their sad plight and thus developed
one of the tragedies of World War I.

A brief description of the Kronprinzessin Cecilie might not
be out of place here. From her keel to the rim of her funnels
measured 131 feet. Her long promenade deck was 538 feet
in length. She had an over-all length of 705 feet, with a
beam of 74 feet. Her twin-screws were powered by quadruple
expansion reciprocating engines. Her best passage was one
of 5 days, 11 hours and 9 minutes for the crossing from Cher-
bourg to Sandy Hook. While on the eastward course she
steamed between the two same terminal ports in 5 days, 7
hours and 23 minutes.

THE MAURETANIA AND LUSITANIA

Before taking up the history of these two famous ships, it
might be apropos to touch upon the somewhat remarkable
history of another Cunarder, the Elruria, of the vintage of
the early eighties. Although in the year 1905, being already
twenty years old, this old time single screw steamer was still
fast enough to make, in September 1905, a run of 5 days, 10
hours and 42 minutes on the westward passage between
Queenstown and Sandy Hook, a feat that was a remarkable
tribute to the shipbuilding ability of the firm that constructed
her over twenty years before. On this trip this old veteran
of the Atlantic crossings actually managed better than 21
knots an hour, a figure that could be surpassed only by the
express liners of the most modern construction.

The Cunarder Mauretania was launched on September 20,
1906 from the yard of Swan Hunter, and Wigham Richardson,
Ltd. at Newcastle-on-Tyne. The ceremony was attended by
thousands of people. One year later she left for her trials,

23

to be followed soon by her sister ship the Lusitania. Both
vessels were designed to serve on the Atlantic express route.
These two famous vessels were the finest and fastest steam-
ships ever to be built up to that date, and rightly merited all
the attention and praise that was showered upon them in the
press of the period, for the columns of the daily papers were
replete with lengthy descriptions of the making and luxurious
appointments of these latest additions to the Atlantic pas-
senger service.

It was in June 1909 that the Mauretania won the Blue
Ribbon by making the eastward crossing in 4 days, 17 hours
and 21 minutes. The Lusitania followed suit by winning
the palm for the westward crossing in August 1909 with a
time mark of 4 days, 11 hours and 42 minutes. Thus the two
ships shared the honors between them until one of them, the
Mauretania, outdid her sister ship by making the best time
for both the eastward and westward crossings and remaining
Queen of the Atlantic until many years later when her time
was bettered by that of the North German Lloyd liner Bremen.
Until the advent of the new German steamship the two great
Cunarders consistently lived up to their high reputation of
being the fastest liners afloat. Year after year they made the
crossings in the same fast time.

Let us try and describe in detail some of the physical
features which distinguished these two famous ships. The
Lusitania came from the yard of John Brown and Company,
Clydebank, Glasgow. She had a gross tonnage of 31,550 and
had an overall length of 790 feet with a beam of 87 feet.
Both the Lusitania and Mauretania had quadruple screws
powered by steam turbines of 68,000 shaft horse-power.
They were equipped with 23 double and 2 single ended boilers
working at 200 Ib. pressure. The tops of their lofty masts
were 216 feet above the keel and the pilot house was 84 feet
above the waterline. Accommodations were originally pro-
vided for 552 first-class, 460 second-class and 1,186 third-
class passengers.

24

The rival careers of the two sister ships were terminated
under widely differing circumstances. The tragic fate of the
Lusitania was an event of world-wide importance, one which
in the opinion of many competent observers was instrumental
in causing the United States to abandon her neutrality and
become one of the combatants in World War I. The sad
event occurred on May 7, 1915 off the Irish coast while the
ship was England bound from New York with many Ameri-
cans on board. On that fateful day she was torpedoed and
sunk by the German submarine U-20 with a loss of life of
1,198 souls. The calamitous happening had a profound effect
upon American public opinion and was a contributing factor
to the eventual downfall of Germany and the abdication of
the Kaiser.

The Mauretania survived the entire conflict and was in
continuous service as a troop carrier, transporting a great
portion of the A E F to Europe with no loss of life. She was
also employed during hostilities as a hospital unit. After the
war she was reconditioned and resumed her place in the
Atlantic trade, continuing to be one of the most popular of
Atlantic liners for many years. Through reconditioning she
had been changed into an oil-burning steamer and soon was
bettering her prewar speed. In August 1924 she made the
passage from Ambrose Light to Cherbourg in 5 days, 1 hour
and 49 minutes. Her latest news-making accomplishment
occurred in September 1928, just prior to the advent of the
North German Lloyd super liner Bremen. On this particular
run the Mauretania made the Cherbourg to Ambrose Light
crossing in 5 days, 2 hours and 34 minutes, a remarkable feat
for a twenty-two year old vessel, especially as she was at the
time equipped with her original "Parson's" steam turbines.
The grand old ship was finally broken up by shipbreakers at
Rosyth in 1935, thus ending the career of one of the most
famous of Atlantic liners.

After the close of the first World War no truly fast Atlantic
liners were built until the appearance in 1929 of the Bremen,

25

which was the first of two huge sister ships to emerge from
German ship yards, the other being the Europa. The keel
of the Bremen was laid on June 18, 1927 at the Weser ship-
building yard at Bremen. The sister ship Europa was a
product of Blohm and Voss, shipbuilders at Hamburg. Her
keel was laid on July 23, 1927. Both vessels were launched
in August 1928, and had it not been for a disastrous fire which
occurred on the Europa when nearing completion would have
commenced service simultaneously. However, the accident
delayed the debut of this ship for about a year. The Bremen
commenced her maiden voyage July 16, 1929, and, as was
anticipated in all marine circles, she captured the Blue
Ribbon from the Mauretania with ease. Her time for the
westward crossing was 4 days, 17 hours and 42 minutes, an
average of 27.82 knots for the journey. On her return voyage,
the distance of 3,084 miles was covered at an average speed
of 27.9 knots. When the Europa was placed on the Atlantic
Ferry service, she improved the time for the westward
passage by making the distance in 4 days, 17 hours and 6
minutes.

The data concerning the appearance of these two superb
steamships may be found interesting. Both were approxi-
mately 936 feet in length. Their tonnage varied somewhat,
for the Bremen was listed as of 51,656 tons gross, while the
Europa was of 49,746 tons. They had twelve steam turbines
which totaled 140,000 indicated horse-power. Their two
huge funnels were later heightened to the extent of 15 feet,
in order that their smoke would clear the decks even when
the ships were steaming at a high rate of speed. The shorter
funnels had been found to be defective in this respect, hence
the alteration.

These two fine liners continued to give excellent service
until the outbreak of the second World War. The Bremen
was at her New York pier when war was declared between
Germany and the United States. A few days later in order
to avoid seizure she made a dash for Germany, and the man-

26

ner in which she succeeded in eluding the British fleet during
this flight constitutes an epic which will long be remembered
by the members of her crew. In her escape she selected the
most northerly route, passing close to Greenland and from
there steaming north of Iceland, from which point she got
away by hugging the Norwegian coast until she reached her
German destination. Few would have cared to gamble on
her success in making a safe voyage back to her German home
port, in view of the fact that both airplanes and surface ships
of the Allied powers were combing the seas in search of her.
However, although she made good her escape upon this
occasion she eventually became a war casualty, for during
an air raid on Germany she was bombed and set afire. The
damage done her was so extensive that the Nazis had her
scrapped in order to obtain the metal so badly needed for the
war machine.

The Europa experienced better fortune than did her sister
ship, for she survived the war, notwithstanding the efforts
of the Allied powers to find and destroy her. After the
cessation of hostilities she was used as a troopship in the work
of transporting American soldiers between this country and
Europe. In 1946 the ship was turned over to the French
Line to be reconditioned by them and used in the Atlantic
service as a luxury liner. The French gave her a new name,
the Liberte, and expected great things from their new acqui-
sition. However, during the reconditioning operations at
La Havre the ship was struck by a high gale of wind which
swept her from her moorings and drove her against the
sunken hull of the former Atlantic liner, Paris, The collision
opened a gaping hole in the side of the erstwhile Europa and
she promptly sunk into the shallow bottom of the harbor.
According to present plans she is to be raised and repaired,
but the accident will doubtless delay her entry into the
Atlantic service for sometime.

27

THE ITALIAN BID FOR ATLANTIC SUPREMACY

In 1933 the Blue Ribbon for the first time in history went
to a ship that was a product of Italian shipbuilding. The
construction of the great liner Rex was subsidized by the
Italian government. This huge ship commenced her maiden
voyage bound for New York from the Italian port of Genoa
on September 27, 1932. At a later date she made a run from
Gibraltar to Ambrose Light in 4 days, 13 hours and 58
minutes covering a distance of 3,181 nautical miles and
averaging 28.92 knots. The Rex had accommodations for
2,024 passengers, and her crew numbered 810 members. She
was propelled by steam turbines of 120,000 s.h.p. Her fore-
most funnel was 51 feet high from deck level and from her
keel to the navigating bridge the height was 120 feet. While
the Rex was still in process of construction an amalgamation
of the three important Italian steamship lines took place
under the direction of the Mussolini government. Lines
affected by the merger were the Lloyd Sabaudo, the Cosulich
and the Navigazione Generale Italiana lines. Thus when
the Rex entered the Atlantic passenger trade, she discovered
that her running mate was to be the equally newly built
Conte di Savoia, a steamship from the yards of Cantieri
Riuniti Dell' Adriatico at Trieste, for the Lloyd Sabaudo
account. Together these two excellent and fast liners pro-
vided a luxurious service between the United States and the
Mediterranean ports.

The Conte di Savoia was slightly smaller in size than was
the Rex, but her symmetrical graceful lines more than made
up the difference. This beautiful ship was launched on
October 28, 1931 at the Adriatic port. She sailed from Genoa
November 30, 1932 on her maiden voyage to New York.
This ship had accommodations for 360 first-class, 778 tourist
and 922 third-class passengers. Her speed was always a
trifle less than that of the Rex, yet she made a fairly fast
crossing at an average of 27.63 knots. This great vessel was
a war casualty, for in September 1943 she was sunk by air-

28

craft action near Venice. It has been reported that the
Conte di Savoia has been refloated, but whether it will be ever
possible to again use her in the passenger trade remains a
question, for the cost of putting her back into commission
may be prohibitive.

The Rex was also a war victim, being sunk by British
torpedo planes while she was being towed by the Germans to
a new hiding place. She now lies on her side in shallow water
near Trieste with only a fraction of her hull visible above the
water, surely a tragic sight for those who can remember her
in the days of her glory, as one of the most luxurious of
Atlantic liners.

The great French liner, Normandie, has had a truly eventful
career. Her keel was laid down in June 1931 at St. Nazaire,
and she was launched on October 29th, 1932, but it was not
until May 29, 1935 that she commenced her maiden voyage
from La Havre to New York. On this trip she broke all
existing speed records, making it in 4 days, 3 hours and 14
minutes with an average speed of 31.37 knots. The home-
ward passage took just 14 minutes longer to accomplish, being
made in 4 days, 3 hours and 28 minutes. This noble French
ship was truly a super liner. It is reported that her building
cost amounted to $60,000,000; as to her exterior appearance
she possessed many outstanding features. Her over-all
length was 1,029 feet and after alterations, her tonnage was
set at 82,799 tons gross. The tops of her masts were 202 feet
above the water line and her mammoth funnels measured
160 feet in circumference with the foremost one towering at
a height of 145 feet. Her main dining room measured 300 feet
by 43 feet, and was three decks high with a seating capacity
for 1,000 people. A small theater was installed, two decks
high, capable of seating 380 people. The swimming pool was
80 feet in length with a graduated bottom made of tiling.
The garage on board the ship could furnish storage for 100
automobiles. Facilities for the movements of both passenger
and freight were taken care of through the installation of

29

numerous elevators, operating between the various decks.
In short the great liner was a small city in herself with ac-
commodations for no less than 1,972 passengers, and a crew
of 1,350 members.

As might readily be imagined the Normandie was a very
popular and successful ship. She continued in the regular
Atlantic service up to the commencement of World War II.
The outbreak of hostilities found her at her New York pier
where she remained until the United States took possession
of her with the intention of converting the great ship into a
troop carrier. She was renamed Lafayette in honor of the
great French patriot, who helped the American cause in the
Revolution. Title to her possession had by this time passed
from the hands of the French Line into those of America.
During the process of preparing her to play her new role in
the war, a fire of mysterious origin started aboard one day
in the early months of 1942. The blaze soon spread through-
out the ship in spite of the strenuous attempts to quell it on
the part of New York's fire fighters. After battling the con-
flagration for many hours, their efforts to save the great ship
proved futile, and listing over to one side she slowly settled
down into the muddy floor of the harbor. Work was soon
started to raise her, and after months of painstaking effort
the ship was once again afloat, and for awhile it was thought
possible to rebuild her. This project, however, was never
carried out, and in September 1946 the United States put the
hulk up for auction. She was finally knocked down to a New
York scrap dealer for approximately $161,000; a ludicrously
small sum when compared to the vast amount it had cost to
build her. Early in December 1946, the fallen monarch of
the seas was towed by a small army of tugs to Port Newark
where she awaits her dismantling. So passes one of the most
mighty and impressive ships that ever sailed the seas.

The keel of the great Cunarder Queen Mary was laid down
at the yard of John Brown and Company at Clydebank in
August 1930. During the serious economic conditions, which

30

were gripping the entire Western World during the depression
years, work on this ship had to be suspended in December
1931 at a time when work on her hull was nearly completed.
Later on, when conditions had improved and following the
merging of the Cunard and White Star Lines, building was
resumed in April 1934, and on September 26 she was launched.
Two years later, on May 27, 1936, she commenced her maiden
voyage from Southampton to New York, making the run
from Bishop Rock to Ambrose Lightship in 4 days and 27
minutes at an average speed of 30.14 knots. In 1938 she
made a new eastward record by crossing in 3 days, 20 hours
and 42 minutes.

This great Cunard er has an overall length of 1,018 feet and
a beam of 118 feet. Her masthead towers 234 feet above the
keel, while the foremost funnel, from deck level to rim, is 70
feet in height, the second one being 65 feet and the after
funnel 60 feet. The general effect is that of a streamlined
tapering off arrangement. The ship's powerful steam turbines
generate 200,000 shaft horse-power. There are 24 oil-fired
water-tube boilers, and her quadruple screws are composed
of magnesium bronze. Prior to the war the Queen Mary
had accommodations for 2,140 passengers in cabin-class,
tourist and third-class respectively. Her crew numbered
about 1,000. The largest room on this ship is the spacious
and beautiful dining room which measures 160 feet by 118
feet, with an extreme height of 30 feet and tapering down at
the sides. The main -lounge is 100 feet in length and 70 feet
in width, and the center of the room extends into three
decks.

This magnificent luxury liner plied the Atlantic route
regularly until the start of the second World War. She was
then fitted out for the transporting of troops to the various
battle fronts. In this capacity she was used throughout the
great conflict and carried several hundreds of thousands of
soldiers over seas. It goes without saying that she was in
constant jeopardy of being attacked by enemy submarines

31

and aircraft, while the possibility of colliding at sea with an-
other vessel remained an ever present menace. In fact, such
an incident occurred one foggy afternoon in October 1942
while making an Atlantic crossing with over 15,000 American
troops on board. She struck amidship the 4,200 ton British
cruiser Curacoa which went down almost immediately with
great loss of life among her crew. The Queen Mary continued
on her voyage at reduced speed, not daring to search for sur-
vivors on account of the submarine menace. The great liner
had sustained only the minor injury of a partially smashed in
bow which was repaired at the Boston Navy Yard. Thus, she
was fortunate enough to survive every danger, and with the
war won the British government continued to make use of her
in the transport service, in which capacity she brought back
to America many members of the armed forces. In the latter
part of 1946 she was returned to the Cunard White Star Line,
and after being reconditioned, she will doubtless resume her
place in the trans-Atlantic passenger service.

The latest and perhaps the greatest of the Cunard White
Star Line ships is the mighty steamship Queen Elizabeth,
which is now the Queen of the Seas. Her 83,673 gross tonnage
surpasses all others. The keel of this noble ship was laid
down in November 1936 at the shipbuilding yard of John
Brown and Company, Clydebank, Glasgow, also the builders
of her running mate, the Queen Mary. She was launched on
September 27, 1938 during a period when rumors of a second
great war filled the air. Hostilities had already begun at the
time she was completed. Unlike her forerunner, however,
the Queen Elizabeth was forced to delay her debut as an express
passenger liner. The exigencies of the times destined her to
first play a very different part from that of a luxury liner.
Her country's peril demanded that she serve her apprentice-
ship on the ocean in the capacity of a troopship. The decision
to use her in this manner had naturally necessitated many
changes in her construction. When made ready to play her
part in the great war, she slipped quietly away early in 1940
from her moorings on the Clyde, her departure being kept a

32

profound secret from all but those intimately associated with
her mission. Only these were aware of the fact that the great
ship was making a crossing to New York. There had been
no fan-fare of trumpets on this occasion, and no opportunity
afforded to put her through any trial paces, and so, for the
first time in the history of noted transatlantic liners, the
greatest of them all commenced her maiden voyage without
benefit of any trial trip. From the moment of her first
Atlantic passage to the close of the war, the movements of
the Queen Elizabeth were a well kept naval secret. All through
the great conflict she rendered yeoman service in her capacity
of troop carrier. Her spacious storage space enabled her to
ship as many as 15,000 men at one sailing, thus effecting a
great economy in troop transportation. She went through
the war without encountering any serious trouble, and at its
close she was for awhile employed in bringing back to their
native land many American soldiers who had seen service on
the European front. Later on she was returned to the Cunard
White Star Line, whose directors had her sent back to her
builder's yard to be refitted for the Atlantic service. Reports
say that $5,000,000 had to be spent in order to put her into
condition to serve the purpose for which she had been origi-
nally built. She arrived in New York October 21, 1946 to
make her long delayed first trip as an express luxury liner.
Her time for making the crossing was 4 days, 16 hours and
18 minutes. Not a record breaking passage, and not sur-
passing the time of her sister ship, the Queen Mary, but on
this occasion no special effort was made to accomplish that
feat. Undoubtedly, however, at some future time the Queen
Elizabeth will have her turn in winning the Blue Ribbon.
With this mention of the two reigning Queens of the Atlantic
crossing, we bring to a close our brief history of the exploits
and record breaking performances of the many stout vessels
that from 1840 to the present time have won international
fame as monarchs of the North Atlantic. Slightly more than
a century of time has witnessed the evolution of transatlantic
steamers from the somewhat crude and primitive beginnings

33

of the mid-Victorian era to the palatial space devouring
speedsters of the present. The past one hundred years has
seen greater achievements in rapid marine transportation than
did all the combined years of human history of the past.

In the years that lie in the future still faster and perhaps
larger ships will probably be built. To people whose main
concern is that of speed in travel, the airplane will doubtless
have its attractions. Nevertheless, it is our firm belief that
the appeal which an ocean voyage has held from time im-
memorial for the human race will always create a demand
for safe and luxurious passenger liners. The possible future
use of atomic power as a propelling force, when applied to
ships can, if it may be done at reasonable cost, make the liner
a swifter form of ocean travel. The future then seems to hold
a place for all three great media of transportation, the rail-
road on land, the plane in the air and the ship for travel on
the oceans of the world.

34

PART II

PRINCIPAL NORTH ATLANTIC PASSENGER
SHIPS BUILT BETWEEN 1840 AND 1940

Aachen (1895) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 3,833.
Dimensions: 355' x 43'. Single-screw, 12 ^ knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Sister ship: Crefeld.

Abyssinia (1870) Cunard Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 3,253. Dimensions: 363' x 42'. Single-screw, 12 ^
knots. Three masts and one funnel. She was destroyed by
fire at sea in December 1891 with no loss of life. Sister ship:
Algeria.

Acadia (1840) Cunard Line.

Built by J. Wood, Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage: 1,154.
Dimensions: 207' x 34'. Paddle-wheels, 9 knots. Three
masts and one funnel. Note: She was sold to the German
Federated States in 1849 and converted into a warship, re-
naming her Germania. Sister ships: Britannia, Caledonia
and Columbia.

Acropolis (1890) Owner: Stephen D. Stephenidis.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
5,083. Dimensions: 370' x 44'. Single-screw. Ex-Kil-
patrick, ex-Michigan. Note: In 1921 she was converted
into an immigrant carrier and named Acropolis. A second
funnel was added. The new owner employed her between
New York and Greece. This service was unsuccessful and
she was sold and renamed Washington, only to be promptly
resold and given the name of Great Canton. She was
broken up by Italian shipbreakers in 1924.

Adriatic (1857) Collins Line.

Built by Steers at New York. Tonnage: 3,670. Dimensions:
355' x 50'. Paddle-wheels, 13 1/2 knots. Two masts and two
funnels. Note : She was the last transatlantic wooden paddle-
wheel vessel to be built. Launched on April 8, 1856. After
the collapse of the Collins Line in 1858 was laid up until sold
to the Gal way Line in 1861. She was unsuccessful in their
service and was soon sold to be used as a hulk on the west
coast of Africa.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

35

Adriatic (1872) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
3,888. Dimensions: 437' x 44'. Single-screw, 15 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. In 1896 was taken off the White
Star Line service and laid up for two years. Sold to ship-
breakers in 1899. Sister ship: Celtic.

Adriatic (1906) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
24,563. Dimensions: 709' x 75'. Twin-screw, 18 knots.
Four masts and two funnels. Note: Laid up at Liverpool on
August 31, 1933 and in December, 1934 was sold to Japa-
nese shipbreakers, who dismantled her in 1935. Sister ship:
Baltic.

Africa (1850) Gunard Line.

Built by Robert Steele & Co., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,227. Dimensions: 266' x 40'. Paddle-wheels, 12 knots.
Three masts and one funnel. ' Used by the British Govern-
ment as a floating barracks in 1867 at Liverpool. During the
following year she was sold out of the Cunard service. Note:
She was the last wooden ship to be used by the Cunard Line.
Sister ship: Asia.

Alaska (1881) Guion Line.

Built by John Elder & Co., Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage:
6,392. Dimensions: 500' x 50'. Single-screw, 17 ^ knots.
Four masts and two funnels. Made the last sailing of the
Guion Line in April, 1894. Sold in 1898 and was scrapped in
1902.

Alaunia (1913) Cunard Line.

Built by Scott's Shipbuilding & Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage: 13,405. Dimensions: 520' x
64'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two masts and two funnels.
Sunk by a mine 2 miles south of Royal Sovereign Light
Vessel on October 19, 1916. Sister ship: Andania.

*Alaunia (1925) Cunard Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 14,030. Dimensions: 519' x 65'. Twin-screw, 15
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Sister ships: Ascania
and Aurania. Note: This class of ships is very similar to
the Andania group.

Albania (1920) Cunard Line.

Built by Scott's Shipbuilding & Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage: 12,768. Dimensions: 523' x
64'. Twin-screw, 15^ knots. Four masts and one funnel.
Renamed: California (Libera Triestina Line).

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

36

Albert Ballin (1923) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg, Germany. Tonnage:
20,815. Dimensions: 602' x 72'. Twin-screw, 16 knots.
Four masts and two funnels. Renamed: Hansa. Sister
ship: Deutschland. These two ships are very similar to
the Hamburg and New York.

Albertic (1923) White Star Line.

Built by Weser Yard, Bremen. Tonnage: 18,940. Di-
mensions: 590' x 72'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two masts and
two funnels. Note: Completed in 1920 and turned over to
the British Controller of Shipping. Sold to the Royal Mail
Line, who renamed her Ohio for use on their England to New
York service. Later sold to the White Star Line. Ex-
Munchen. Broken up by Japanese shipbreakers in 1934.

Alesia (1906) Fabre Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 9,720. Di-
mensions: 475' x 55'. Twin-screw, 15 knots. Two masts and
one funnel. Ex-Montreal, ex-Konig Friedrich Auguste.

Alexander (1897) Wilson-Furness Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 6,919. Dimensions: 475' x 52'. Single-
screw, 14 knots. Four masts and one funnel Renamed:
Menominee. Sister ship: Victoria.

Alfonso XII (1890) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish).

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 6,966.
Dimensions: 463' x 51'. Single-screw, 19 knots. Three masts
and two funnels. Ex-Meteoro. ex-Havel. Scrapped in
1926.

Alfonso XIII (1888) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish).

Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 5,000. Dimensions: 408' x 47'. Single-screw, 16
knots. Four masts and one funnel. Sunk in port of San-
tander in 1915. Sister ship: Reina Maria Cristina.

Alfonso XIII (1891) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish).

Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 7,815. Dimensions: 531' x 54'. Twin-screw, 17
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Oceana, ex-Scot
(Union Line). Renamed: (a) De Balboa, (b) Vasco Nunez
de Balboa. Note: Broken up by Italian shipbreakers in
1927.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

37

Alfonso XIII (1923) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish).

Built by Soc. Espanola de Construction Naval Yard, Bilbao,
Spain. Tonnage: 10,551. Dimensions: 480' x 61'. Twin-
screw, 17 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Renamed:
"Habana. Sister ship: Cristobal Colon.

Algeria (1870) Cunard Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 3,253. Dimensions: 361' x 41'. Single-screw, 12^
knots. Three masts and one funnel. Renamed: Pennland.
Sister ship: Abyssinia.

Algeria (1891) Anchor Line.

Built by D. & W. Henderson & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 4,510. Dimensions: 375' x 46'. Single-screw, 12^
knots. Two masts and one funnel.

Algeria (1914) Anchor Line.

Built by Reiherstieg Schiffs-Werfte, Hamburg. Tonnage:
8,156. Dimensions: 449' x 55'. Twin-screw, 15 knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Ex-Kigoma. Renamed: Toledo.

Alice (1907) Unione Austriaca (Austro- American Line).

Built by Russell & Co., Port Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage:
6,122. Dimensions: 415' x 49'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Renamed: Asia. Sister ship: Laura.

Allemania (1865) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Day & Co., Southampton, England. Tonnage:
2,619. Dimensions: 301' x 41'. Single-screw, 13 knots.
Note: Taken off the Hamburg-New York run in 1883 and
sold to W. Hunter of Liverpool. Renamed: Oxenholme.
Resold in 1894 to A. Chapman. Abandoned at sea in April,
1894.

Aller (1886) North German Lloyd.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 5,217. Dimensions: 437' x 48'. Single-
screw, 17 knots. Four masts and two funnels. Note: First
Atlantic express steamship with triple expansion engines.
Broken up in 1904. Sister ships: Saale and Trave.

Alsatian (1913) Allan Line.

Built by Wm. Beardmore & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
18,481. Dimensions: 571' x 72'. Quadruple-screw, 191A
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: Launched on
March 22, 1913. Commenced maiden voyage on January 17,
1914. Renamed: Empress of France. Sister ship: Cal-
garian.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

38

America (1848) Cunard Line.

Built by Robert Steele & Co., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
1,825. Dimensions: 251' x 38'. Paddle-wheels, 10 knots.
Three masts and one funnel. Sold in 1863. Renamed:
Coalgaconder (converted into a sailing ship). Sister ships:
Canada, Europa and Niagara.

America (1863) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,752. Dimensions: 328' x 40'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Made final voyage to New York in 1894.

America (1881) Fabre Line.

Built by T. Royden & Sons, Liverpool, England. Tonnage:
2,403. Dimensions: 328' x 40'. Single screw. Made final
voyage to New York in 1907.

America (1884) National Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage: 5,528.
Dimensions: 441' x 51'. Single-screw, 18 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Note: Sold in 1886 to the Italian Govern-
ment and converted into a cruiser-transport named Tri-
nacria. Later used as a torpedo school ship and finally
fitted out as an Italian royal yacht. Scrapped in 1925.

America (1905) United States Lines.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
21,145. Dimensions: 668' x 74'. Twin-screw, 18 knots.
Four masts and two funnels. In 1932 she was turned over
to the United States government and laid up as a reserved
transport in the St. James River. During the second World
War she was put back into service under the name of Ed-
mund B. Alexander. Note: Ex-Amerika.

America (1908) Navigazione Generate Italiana.

Built by Cont. Nav. Riuniti, Muggiano, Italy. Tonnage:
8,996. Dimensions: 476' x 55'. Twin-screw, 16^ knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Note: Formerly owned and
operated by La Veloce Line. Scrapped in 1928.

*America (1940) United States Lines.

Built by Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co.,
Newport News, Virginia. Tonnage: 26,454. Dimensions:
660' x 93'. Twin-screw, 23 knots. Two masts and two
funnels. Renamed: (a) West Point, (b) America. Note:
Her keel was laid on August 22, 1938. Launched on August
31, 1939. In 1941 was converted into a troopship and
renamed West Point and in this capacity carried about
400,000 troops during her war service. In 1946 she was re-

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

39

conditioned for the Transatlantic trade. Commenced her
first peacetime Atlantic voyage on November 14, 1946 and
made the crossing from Ambrose Light to Daunt's Lightship
in 4 days, 22 hours and 22 minutes, averaging 24.54 knots
for the run. The America is the largest and finest ship built
in the United States.
American Banker (1920) American Merchant Lines.

Built by American International Shipbuilding Corp., Hog
Island, Penn. Tonnage: 7,430. Dimensions: 436' x 58'.
Single-screw, 15 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Ex-
Cantigny. Renamed: (a) Ville eT Anvers, (b) City of
Athens. Sister ships: American Farmer, American Im-
porter, American Merchant, American Shipper,
American Trader and American Traveler. Note: There
were 12 ships built, but some were taken over by the United
States government and are not included in this group.

American Farmer (1920) American Merchant Lines.

Built by American International Shipbuilding Corp., Hog
Island, Penn. Tonnage: 7,430. Dimensions: 436' x 58'.
Single-screw, 15 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Ex-
Ourcq. Renamed: Ville de Liege. Note: See American
Banker for list of sister ships.

American Importer (1920) American Merchant Lines.

Built by American International Shipbuilding Corp., Hog
Island, Penn. Tonnage: 7,590. Dimensions: 436' x 58'.
Single-screw, 15 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Ex-
Somme. Renamed: Ville de Gand. Torpedoed and sunk
in August 1940. Note: See American Banker for list of
sister ships.

American Merchant (1920) American Merchant Lines.

Built by American International Shipbuilding Corp., Hog
Island, Penn. Tonnage: 7,430. Dimensions: 436' x 58'.
Single-screw, 15 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Ex-
Aisne. Renamed: Ville de Namur. Torpedoed and sunk
in June 1940. Note: See American Banker for list of sister
ships.

American Shipper (1920) American Merchant Lines.

Built by American International Shipbuilding Corp., Hog
Island Penn. Tonnage: 7,430. Dimensions: 436' x 58'.
Single-screw, 15 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Ex-
Tours. Renamed: Ville de Mons. Torpedoed and sunk in
September 1940. Note: See American Banker for list of
sister ships.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

40

American Trader (1920) American Merchant Lines.

Built by American International Shipbuilding Corp., Hog
Island, Penn. Tonnage: 7,430. Dimensions: 436' x 58'.
Single-screw, 15 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Ex-
Marne. Renamed: Ville de Hasselt. Torpedoed and sunk
in August 1940. Note: See American Banker for list of
sister ships.

American Traveler (1920) American Merchant Lines.

Built by American International Shipbuilding Corp., Hog
Island, Penn. Tonnage: 7,555. Dimensions: 436' x 58'.
Single-screw, 15 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Ex-
Cambrai. Renamed: Ville d' Arlon. Note: See American
Banker for list of sister ships. (This class of ship had ac-
commodations for 100 passengers.)

Amerika (1872) Thingvalla Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
3,867. Dimensions: 437' x 40'. Single-screw, 15 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Ex-Celtic. Scrapped in 1898.

Amerika (1905) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
22,225. Dimensions: 668' x 74'. Twin-screw, 18 knots.
Four masts and two funnels. Renamed: (a) America, (b)
Edmund B. Alexander. Note: Interned at Boston during
World War I and in 1917 converted into an American troop-
ship. After the War she was sold to the United States Lines
and used on the Atlantic Ferry again as a passenger liner,
under the name America. Sold to the United States
Government in 1932 and was laid up in the James River as
a reserve transport. During World War II, she was put back
into government service and assigned the name Edmund B.
Alexander.

Amerique (1864) French Line.

Built at St. Nazaire, France under the supervision of Scott's
Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd. Tonnage: 3,200.
Dimensions: 343' x 43'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Three
masts and two funnels. Ex-Imperatrice Eugenie. Note:
In 1873 was lengthened and altered. These changes in-
creased her length to 393 feet and tonnage to 4,584. Ran
ashore at Seabright, New Jersey on January 7, 1877 and it
was not until April 10, 1877 she was refloated and towed to
port. She was finally abandoned to shipbreakers for scrap.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

41

Amsterdam (1879) Holland-American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
3,664. Dimensions: 410' x 39'. Single-screw, 13^ knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Ex-British Crown. Made
final voyage to New York in 1905.

Anchoria (1874) Anchor Line.

Built by Vickers Sons & Maxim, Ltd., Barrow -in-Furnace,
England. Tonnage: 4,168. Dimensions: 408'x 40'. Single-
screw, 14 knots. Three masts and one funnel. Broken up
in Germany in 1922.

Ancona (1908) Italia Line.

Built by Workman, Clark & Co., Ltd., Belfast, Ireland.
Tonnage: 8,210. Dimensions: 482' x 58'. Twin-screw, 16
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Torpedoed in the
Mediterranean on November 7, 1915 by an Austrian sub-
marine causing a loss of 206 lives. Note: Very similar to the
Taormina and Verona.

Andania (1913) Cunard Line.

Built by Scott's Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage: 13,404. Dimensions: 520' x
64'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two masts and two funnels.
Torpedoed 2 miles N. N. E. from Rathlin Light on January
27, 1918 with the loss of 7 lives. Sister ship: Alaunia.

Andania (1922) Cunard Line.

Built by R. and W. Hawthorne, Leslie & Co., Ltd., New-
castle-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 13,950. Dimensions:
520' x 65'. Twin-screw, 15 knots. Two masts and one
funnel. Torpedoed and sunk on June 16, 1940. Sister ships:
Ausonia and Antonia.

Anglo-Saxon (1856) Allan Line.

Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 1,673. Dimensions: 283' x 35'. Single-screw.
Wrecked on Cape Race April 27, 1863 with the loss of 237
lives.

* Antonia (1921) Cunard Line.

Built by Vickers- Armstrong, Ltd., Barrow-in-Furnace,
England. Tonnage: 13,867. Dimensions: 519' x 65'. Twin-
screw, 15 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Sister ships:
Andania and Ausonia. (Note: Very similar to the Alaunia
class.)

Denotes ship still in service under same name.

42

Antonio Lopez (1891) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish Line).
Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage : 5,975. Dimensions : 430' x 50'. Single-screw, 13 %
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Ruahine.

*Aquitania (1914) Cunard Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 45,647. Dimensions: 868' x 97'. Quadruple-screw,
24 knots. Two masts and four funnels. Launched on April
21, 1913. Commenced maiden voyage on May 30, 1914.
Fourth funnel is a dummy. Considered one of the most
beautiful liners ever built. During World War I she was
employed as a troopship and later as a hospital ship. In
World War II was used as a troopship carrying thousands of
American soldiers overseas.

Arabia (1852) Cunard Line.

Built by Robert Steele & Co., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,393. Dimensions: 285' x 40'. Paddle-wheels, 12 knots.
Three masts and one funnel. Note: She was the last wooden
vessel built for the Cunard Line. In 1864 was sold and con-
verted into a sailing ship.

Arabic (1881) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
4,386. Dimensions: 430' x 42'. Single-screw, 13^ knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Renamed: Spaarndam. Sister
ship: Asiatic.

Arabic (1903) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
15,801. Dimensions: 600 x 65'. Twin-screw, 16 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Ex-Minnewaska. Note: Laid
down as the Minnewaska, but before completion was trans-
ferred to the White Star Line and renamed Arabic. Tor-
pedoed and sunk off the south coast of Ireland on August 19,
1915 with the loss of 44 lives.

Arabic (1908) White Star Line.

Built by Weser Shipbuilding Works, Bremen, Germany.
Tonnage: 16,821. Dimensions: 590' x 69'. Twin-screw, 17
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Berlin. Note: She
was turned over to the British after the first World War as
a war prize. Scrapped in 1932.

Archimede (1881) Navigazione Generale Italiana.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 2,837. Dimensions: 340' x 40'. Single-

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

43

screw, 12 ^ knots. Note: Made final voyage to New York
in 1900. Sister ships: Washington and Vincenzo Florio.

Arctic (1849) Collins Line.

Built by W. H. Brown of New York. Tonnage: 2,856. Di-
mensions: 282' x 45'. Paddle-wheels, \21A knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Built of wood and cost approximately
$700,000. Note: In collision with small French iron steam-
ship named Vesta, during a dense fog when 60 miles off Cape
Race on September 27, 1854 while bound to New York with
233 passengers. She sunk four hours later with the loss of
322 lives. Captain Luce, true to naval tradition went down
with his ship, but was later rescued and landed at Quebec.
Sister ships: Atlantic, Baltic and Pacific.

Argentina (1905) La Veloce Line.

Built by Fratelli Orlando, Leghorn, Italy. Tonnage: 4,985.
Dimensions: 394' x 47'. Twin-screw, 14 3/2 knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Renamed: (a) Brasile, (b) Vene-
zuela.

Argentina (1907) Unione Austriaco (Austro- American Line).
Built by Russell & Co., Port Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage:
5,526. Dimensions: 390' x 48'. Twin-screw, 15 knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Note: After the first World War was
taken over and operated by the Cosulich Line.

*Argentina (1913) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish Line).
Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., Wall-
send-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 10,137. Dimensions:
480' x 61'. Quadruple-screw, 17 knots. Two masts and one
funnel. Note: Used on the European-South American route.
Ex-Reina Victoria Eugenia. Sister ship: Uruguay.

Arizona (1879) Guion Line.

Built by John Elder & Co., Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage:
5,147. Dimensions: 450' x 45'. Single-screw, 16 knots. Four
masts and two funnels. First Atlantic steamship with com-
pound 3-crank type engines. She succeeded in breaking the
speed record in July, 1879 by making the fastest homeward
passage and in May, 1880 the fastest outward voyage. She
made the headlines in November, 1879 by running at full
speed into a huge iceberg and miraculously made port, al-
though her bow was crushed. No one was lost or injured by
the mishap. In 1898 was sold to the United States Govern-
ment and used as a troopship. After the Spanish-American
War she carried troops between the mainland and the

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

44

Philippines. Originally she had two funnels but later was
re-boilered and altered by a single large funnel. Sent to the
scrapper's yard near San Francisco in 1926.
Armenian (1895) Leland Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
8,825. Dimensions: 512'. x 59'. Single-screw. Four masts
and one funnel. 14 knots. Captured and torpedoed by a
submarine on June 28, 1915 when 20 miles west from Tre-
vose Head.

Ascania (1911) Cunard Line.

Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., Wall-
send-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 9,111. Dimensions: 466'
x 56'. Twin-screw, 13 knots. Two masts and two funnels.
Wrecked off Cape Ray in 1918. Ex-Gerona.

*Ascania (1925) Cunard Line.

Built by Sir W. G. Armstrong, Whitworth & Co., Ltd.,
Newcastle-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 14,013. Dimen-
sions: 520' x 65'. Twin-screw, 15 knots. Two masts and one
funnel. Sister ships: Alaunia and Aurania.

Asia (1850) Cunard Line.

Built by Robert Steele & Co., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,227. Dimensions: 268' x 45'. Paddle-wheels, 12 knots.
Three masts and one funnel. Note: Made last sailing for
Cunard Line in 1867 and during the next year was sold and
converted into a sailing ship. In 1878 was destroyed by fire
at Bombay, India.

Asia (1907) Fabre Line.

Built by Russell & Co., Port Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage:
6,122. Dimensions: 415' x 49'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Ex-Alice. Destroyed by fire in 1930.

Assyria (1908) Anchor Line.

Built by Frd. Krupp, Kiel, Germany. Tonnage: 8,300.
Dimensions: 449' x 54'. Twin-screw, 13 knots. Two masts
and one funnel. Ex-Ypiranga. Renamed: Colonial.

Assyrian (1880) Allan Line.

Built by Earle's Shipbuilding & Engineering Co., Ltd., Hull,
England. Tonnage: 2,608. Dimensions: 360' x 42'. Single-
screw. Four masts and one funnel. Ex-Assyrian Monarch.
Broken up by shipbreakers in 1902.

Assyrian Monarch (1880) Monarch Line.

Built by Earle's Shipbuilding & Engineering Co., Ltd., Hull,
England. Tonnage: 2,608. Dimensions: 360' x 42'. Single-
screw. Four masts and one funnel. Renamed: Assyrian.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

45

Astoria (1884) Anchor Line.

Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 5,086. Dimensions: 439' x 46'. Single-screw, 14
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Tainui, ex-Cova-
donga, ex-Tainui. Originally had four masts. Made final
voyage to New York in 1908.

Athinai (1908) Greek Line.

Built, by Sir Raylton Dixon & Co., Ltd., Middlesbro-on-Tees,
England. Tonnage: 6,742. Dimensions: 420' x 52'. Twin-
screw, 15 knots. Two masts and two funnels. She was
destroyed by fire in North Atlantic in 1915.

Athenia (1904) Anchor-Donaldson Line.

Built by Vickers Sons & Maxim, Ltd., Barrow-in-Furnace,
England. Tonnage: 9,080. Dimensions: 478' x 56'. Twin-
screw, 13 }/% knots. Four masts and one funnel. Torpedoed
and sunk 7 miles from Innistrahul on August 16, 1917 with
the loss of 15 lives.

Athenia (1923) Donaldson Atlantic Line, Ltd.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 13,465. Dimensions: 526' x 66'. Twin-
screw, 15 ]/2 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Note: She
was the first ship to be sunk during World War II. It was
on September 3, 1939 that she was torpedoed and sunk 200
miles west of the Hebrides with the loss of 93 lives from the
1,104 passengers on board. Sister ship: Letitia.

Atlanta (1908) Unione Austriaco (Austro- American Line).
Built by Russell & Co., Port Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage:
5,387. Dimensions: 385' x 49'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Note: After the first World War she
was owned and operated by the Cosulich Line.

Atlantian (1899) Leyland Line.

Built by Sir W. G. Armstrong, Whitworth & Co., Ltd., New-
castle-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 9,399. Dimensions:
482' x 57'. Twin-screw, 12 knots. Four masts and one
funnel. Torpedoed and sunk 110 miles from Eagle Island
on June 25, 1918.

Atlantic (1849) Collins Line.

Built by William H. Brown of New York. Tonnage: 2,856.
Dimensions: 282' x 45'. Paddle-wheels, 13 knots. Three
masts and one funnel. Note: Pioneer vessel of the Collins
Line. Commenced her maiden voyage on April 27, 1849,
from New York. Her coal consumption was at the average
of 87 tons per day. After the collapse of the Collins Line

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

46

she and her sister ship the Baltic were taken over by the
United States Government for service in the Civil War.
Both ships were afterwards converted into sailing ships.
Sister ships: Arctic, Baltic and Pacific. (These steamships
were the first to have straight stems.)

Atlantic (1870) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
3,707. Dimensions: 420' x 40'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Wrecked off Meagher's Head,
22 miles west of Halifax, on April 1, 1873 while bound to
New York from Liverpool. This disaster cost the lives of
546 of the 862 persons on board. Sister ships: Baltic,
Oceanic and Republic.

Auguste Victoria (1888) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Vulcan Shipbuilding Co., Stettin, Germany. Ton-
nage: 7,661. Dimensions: 461' x 56'. Twin-screw, 18J/£
knots. Three masts and three funnels. Note: In 1896 she
was lengthened to 522 feet and further altered by having her
original three masts replaced by two new ones. Her gross
tonnage thus increased to 8,479 tons. Sold to the Russians
in 1904 and renamed Kuban. Used as an auxiliary cruiser
during the Russian- Japanese War. Broken up by ship-
breakers in May, 1907. Sister ship: Columbia. Note:
These two liners were very similar in appearance to the
Furst Bismark and Normannia.

Augustus (1927) (a) Navigazione Generate Italiana, (b) Italia
Line.

Built by Societa Anonima Ansaldo, Sestri, Ponente, Italy.
Tonnage: 32,650. Dimensions: 666' x 82'. Quadruple-screw,
19 Yi knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: Largest
motorship built. Sunk during the Second World War.
Sister ship: Roma.

Aurania (1883) Cunard Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 7,269. Dimensions: 470' x 57'. Single-screw, 17 ^
knots. Three masts and two funnels. Scrapped in 1905.

Aurania (1915) Cunard Line.

Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., Wall-
send-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 13,400. Dimensions:
520' x 64'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two masts and two
funnels. Note: Torpedoed and sunk 15 miles from Inishtra-
hull on February 4, 1918 with the loss of 8 lives.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

47

Aurania (1924) Cunard Line.

Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., Wall-
send-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 13,984. Dimensions:
519' x 65'. Twin-screw, 15 knots. Two masts and one
funnel. Note: Torpedoed and sunk in October, 1941. Sister
ships: Alan nia and Ascania.

Ausonia (1909) Cunard Line.

Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., Wall-
send-on- Tyne, England. Tonnage: 8,153. Dimensions: 450'
x 54'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Four masts and one funnel.
Ex-Tortona. Torpedoed and sunk 620 miles from the
Fastnet on May 30, 1918 with the loss of 44 lives.

*Ausonia (1921) Cunard Line.

Built by Sir W. G. Armstrong, Whitworth & Co., Ltd., New-
castle, England. Tonnage: 13,912. Dimensions: 520' x 65'.
Twin-screw, 15 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Sister
ships: Andania and Antonia.

Australia (1870) Anchor Line.

British built. Tonnage: 2,243. Dimensions: 324' x 35'.
Single-screw. Three masts and one funnel. Note: Used also
on the Mediterranean route. The Anchor Line sold her in
1890. Scrapped in 1895.

Austria (1857) Hamburg-American Line.

Built at Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage: 2,383. Dimensions:
320' x 40'. Single-screw. Note: Destroyed by fire in the
North Atlantic in September, 1858 with the loss of 492 lives.

Avoca (1891) Uranium Line.

Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 5,189. Dimensions: 420' x 48'. Single-screw, 14^
knots. Three masts and one funnel. Renamed: (a) San
Fernando, (b) Avoca, (c) Atlanta, (d) Avoca, (e) Uran-
ium. Sister ship: Jelunga.

Baltic (1850) Collins Line.

Built by Wm. H. Brown of New York. Tonnage: 2,856.
Dimensions: 282' x 45'. Paddle-wheels, 12 J^ knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Note: Made the final sailing for the
Collins Line. Taken over by the United States Government
during the Civil War. After the war was converted into a
sailing ship. Scrapped at Apple Island in Boston Harbor
during 1880. Sister ships: Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

48

Baltic (1873) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
3,707. 'Dimensions: 420' x 40'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Note: She commenced her
maiden voyage on September 4, 1871. Renamed: Veendam.
Sunk in the North Atlantic after striking a derelict in Febru-
ary, 1898. Sister ships: Atlantic, Oceanic and Republic.

Baltic (1904) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
23,884. Dimensions: 709' x 75'. Twin-screw, 17 knots.
Four masts and two funnels. Largest ship launched to date.
Cost approximately $4,000,000 to build. Broken up by
Japanese shipbreakers in 1933. Sister ship: Adriatic. Note:
The Celtic and Cedric were very similar ships.

Baltimore (1868) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,321. Dimensions: 297' x 39'. Single-screw. Sister ship:
Berlin.

*Banfora (1914) Fabre Line.

Built by Kon. Maats de Schelde, Flushing, Netherlands.
Tonnage: 9,347. Dimensions: 478' x 57'. Twin-screw, 15 ^
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Insulinde.

Barbarossa (1896) North German Lloyd.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 10,984. Di-
mensions: 526' x 60'. Twin-screw, 153/2 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Renamed: Mercury. Scrapped in 1924.

Batavia (1870) Cunard Line.

Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 2,553. Dimensions: 327' x 39'. Single-screw, 15
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Made last voyage to
Boston in September, 1883. Later sold to owners on the
Pacific coast and renamed Tacoma.

Batavia (1899) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 11,464. Di-
mensions: 501' x 62'. Twin-screw, 12 knots. Two masts and
one funnel. Renamed: (a) Canada, (b) Hercules. Sister
ship: Bulgaria.

*Batory (1936) Gdynia- American Line.

Built by Cantieri Riuniti dell' Adriatico, Monfalcone, Italy.
Tonnage: 14,287. Dimensions: 498' x 70'. Twin-screw, 20
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Motorship. Launched
on July 8, 1935. Sister ship: Pilsudski.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

49

Bavarian (1900) Allan Line.

Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 10,376. Dimensions: 501' x 59'. Twin-screw,
16 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Grounded near
Montreal in 1905 and dismantled in 1907. Sister ship:
Tunisian.

Belgenland (1878) Red Star Line.

Built by Vickers, Sons & Maxim, Ltd., Barrow-in-Furnace,
England. Tonnage: 3,692. Dimensions: 418' x 40'. Single-
screw, 14 knots. Four masts and one funnel. Sister ship:
Rhynland. Made final voyage to New York in 1904.

Belgenland (1917) Red Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
27,132. Dimensions: 670' x 78'. Triple-screw, 17 ^ knots.
Two masts and three funnels. Ex-Belgic. Renamed:
Columbia. Broken up by P. & W. Macilellan, Ltd., on the
Firth of Forth in 1936.

Belgic (1917) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
24,547. Dimensions: 670' x 78 . Triple- screw, 17 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Note: Launched on December
31, 1914. The first Atlantic liner with a cruiser stern. Origi-
nally designed to carry 800 first class and 2,000 third-class
passengers and later changed to accommodate 660 first-class
and 350 second-class passengers. Renamed Belgenland in
March, 1914, but this name reverted back to Belgic in June,
1917. She was used as a troopship in World War I. In 1921
was altered and refitted for service on the Red Star Line.
Her name was changed back to Belgenland. Finally be-
came known as the Columbia on the Panama-Pacific Line.

Belvedere (1913) Lloyd Austriaca (Austro- American Line).
Built by Cant. Nav. Triestino, Monfalcone. Tonnage: 7,420.
Dimensions: 419' x 51'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Two masts
and one funnel. Renamed: Audacious.

Berengaria (1912) Cunard Line.

Built by Vulcan Shipbuilding Co., Stettin, Germany. Ton-
nage: 52,226. Dimensions: 883' x 98'. Quadruple-screw,
23 y% knots. Two masts and three funnels. Ex-Imperator.
Note: This great liner commenced her first voyage as a
Cunarder on February 2, 1920. She was scrapped in 1939.

*Bergensfjord (1913) Norwegian- American Line.

Built by Cammell, Laird & Co., Ltd., Birkenhead, England.
Tonnage: 11,013. Dimensions: 512' x 61'. Twin-screw, 17

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

50

knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: During the
second World War was used successfully as a troopship under
the management of Furness, Withy & Company, Ltd., but
manned by Norwegians. Note: Reported sold to Argentina
ship owners in 1946. Sister ship: Kristianafjord.

Berlin (1868) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,333. Dimensions: 297' x 39'. Single-screw. Sister ship:
Baltimore.

Berlin (1874) American Line.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
5,526. Dimensions: 488' x ,44'. Single-screw, 16 knots.
Three masts and one funnel. Ex-City of Berlin. Scrapped
in 1921. Note: See City of Berlin for additional information.

Berlin (1908) North German Lloyd.

Built by Weser Shipbuilding Yard, Bremen, Germany.
Tonnage: 17,324. Dimensions: 590' x 69'. Twin screw, 17
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Renamed: Arabic.
Note: After the first World War was turned over to the
British and used on the White Star Line who renamed her
Arabic. Scrapped in 1932.

'Berlin (1925) North German Lloyd.

Built by Bremer Vulcan Co., Vegesack, Germany. Tonnage:
15,286. Dimensions: 549' x 69'. Twin-screw, 16 ^ knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Note: She rescued a number of
the survivors from sinking Lamport & Holt liner Vestris
which went down on November 12, 1928. The Berlin was
reported in November, 1945 as laid up in Swinemunde Bay
because of war damage.

Hi rm a (1894) Russian East Asiatic Steamship Co., Ltd.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 4,595. Dimensions: 415' x 45'. Single-
screw, 13 Y<L knots. Four masts and one funnel. Ex-Arundel
Castle. Renamed: (a) Mitau, (b) Joszef Pilsudski, (c)
Wilbo. Broken up by Italian shipbreakers in 1924.

Birmania (1882) Navigazione Generale Italiana.

Built by Fratelli Orlando, Leghorn, Italy. Tonnage: 2,384.
Dimensions: 292' x 36'. Single-screw.

Bismarck (1921) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 56,551. Di-
mensions: 915' x 100'. Quadruple-screw, 23)^ knots. Two

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

51

masts and three funnels. Renamed: (a) Majestic, (b)
Caledonia. Note: Never in service as a Hamburg- American
liner, as she was handed over to the British upon completion.

Bluecher (1901) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 12,334. Di-
mensions: 525' x 62'. Twin-screw, 16^ knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Renamed: (a) Leopoldina, (b) Suffren.
Scrapped in 1929. Sister ship : Moltke.

Boadicea (1898) Atlantic Transport Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 7,057. Dimensions: 486' x 52'. Single-
screw, 14 knots. Four masts and one funnel. Renamed:
Marquette.

Bohemian (1900) Leyland Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Son, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 8,555. Dimensions: 512' x 58'. Single-
screw, 14 knots. Four masts and one funnel. Wrecked off
Halifax in 1920.

Bolivia (1873) Anchor Line.

Built by Robert Duncan & Co., Port Glasgow, Scotland.
Tonnage: 3,999. Dimensions: 400' x 40'. Single-screw, 12
knots. Made final voyage to New York in 1901.

Bologna (1905) La Veloce Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
4,680. Dimensions: 380' x 46'. Twin-screw, 14 knots. Two
masts and one funnel.

Bonn (1895) North German Lloyd.

Built by Germania Werft, Kiel, Germany. Tonnage: 3,969.
Dimensions: 355' x 43'. Single-screw, 12^ knots.

Borussia (1855) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,349. Dimensions: 278' x 38'. Single-screw, 12 knots. The
first steamship to be operated by the Hamburg-American
Line. She was sold to the Mississippi and Dominion Line in
1876. Lost in 1879. Sister ship: Hammonia.

Bothnia (1874) Cunard Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 4,556. Dimensions: 420' x 42'. Single-screw, 15 knots.
Three masts and one funnel. Note: Used on the Liverpool-
New York service until transferred to the Boston run in 1893.
Sold to Italian owners in 1898, and was broken up by ship-
breakers at Marseilles in 1899. Sister ship: Scythia.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

52

Braga (1907) Fabre Line.

Built by Russell & Co., Ltd., Port Glasgow, Scotland. Ton-
nage: 6,122. Dimensions: 415' x 49'. Twin-screw, 16 Y^.
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Europa, ex-Laura.
Wrecked near Lipsa Island in 1926.

Brandenburg (1901) North German Lloyd.

Built by Bremer Vulcan Co., Vegesack, Germany. Tonnage:
7,532. Dimensions: 429' x 54'. Twin-screw, 13 knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Sister ship: Breslau.

Brasile (1905) La Veloce Line.

Built by Fratelli Orlando, Leghorn, Italy. Tonnage: 4,985.
Dimensions: 394' x 47'. Twin-screw, 14^ knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Ex-Argentina. Renamed: Vene-
zuela.

Braunschweig (1873) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
3,079. Dimensions: 351' x 39'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Note: Also used in the Australian trade. Made final voyage
to New York in 1896.

Bremen (1858) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,551. Dimensions: 321' x 39'. Single-screw. Three masts
and one funnel. This pioneer steamship of the North
German Lloyd commenced her maiden voyage from Bremen
on June 19, 1858. She had accommodations for 1,000 pas-
sengers. Note: The Hudson, New York and Weser were
similar in appearance.

Bremen (1896) North German Lloyd.

Built by F. Schichau, Danzig, Germany. Tonnage: 11,570,
Dimensions: 550' x 60'. Twin-screw, 15^ knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Renamed: (a) Constantinople,
(b) King Alexander.

Bremen (1900) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Shipbuilding Co., Stettin, Germany. Ton-
nage: 10,826. Dimensions: 523' x 60'. Twin-screw, 15 Y2
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Pocahontas,
ex-Prinzess Irene. Renamed: Karlesruhe.

Bremen (1929) North German Lloyd.

Built by Weser Shipbuilding Yard, Bremen. Tonnage:
51,656. Dimensions: 898' x 101'. Quadruple-screw, 28%
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: Launched on
June 16, 1928. Commenced maiden voyage from Bremen on

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

53

July 16, 1929, and broke the Atlantic speed record. Had
accommodations for 600 first-class, 500 second-class and
1,100 third-class passengers. Cost approximately $20,000,-
000 to build. Her funnels were later raised 15 feet on account
of the smoke nuisance when traveling at high speed. She
was badly gutted by fire when bombed by aircraft during the
Second World War. Sister ship: Europa.

Bros I an (1901) North German Lloyd.

Built by Bremer Vulcan Co., Vegesack, Germany. Tonnage:
7,524. Dimensions: 429' x 54'. Twin-screw, 12^ knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: Bridgeport, a unit
of the United States Navy transport service. Sister ship:
Brandenburg.

Bretagne (1922) French Line.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
10,171. Dimensions: 450' x 59'. Twin-screw, 14 ^ knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Flandria. Torpedoed
while bound from the West Indies to England on October 14,
1939.

Britania (1902) Fabre Line.

Built by Ch. & Ateliers de Provence, Port de Bouc, France.
Tonnage: 5,103. Dimensions: 407' x 46'. Single-screw, 15
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Germania. Made
final voyage to New York in 1923.

Britannia (1840) Cunard Line.

Built by Robert Duncan & Co., Port Glasgow, Scotland.
Tonnage: 1,139. Dimensions: 207' x 34'. Paddle-wheels,
9 knots. Three masts and one funnel. Built of wood. Note:
Charles Dickens made a voyage to America on this vessel in
1842. In 1849 the Britannia was sold to the German
Government and converted into a warship. She remained a
hulk in Germany for many years. Sister ships: Acadia,
Caledonia and Columbia.

Britannia (1863) Anchor Line.

Built at Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage: 1,417. Dimensions:
255' x 33.' Single-screw, 10^ knots. Three masts and one
funnel. Sister ship: Caledonia.

Britannia (1881) Fabre Line.

Built by T. Roy den & Sons, Liverpool, England. Tonnage:
2,477. Dimensions: 328' x 40'. Single-screw. Made final
voyage to New York in 1901.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

54

Britannic (1874) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
5,004. Dimensions: 455' x 45'. Single-screw, 16 knots.
Four masts and two funnels. Note: First ship to exceed
5,000 tons, Great Eastern excepted. This famous steamship
won the Atlantic speed record in November, 1876. Sister
ship: Germanic.

Britannic (1914) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
48,158. Dimensions: 870' x 94'. Triple-screw, 22 knots.
Two masts and four funnels. Launched in February, 1914,
and completed after outbreak of the first World War. Her
navigating bridge was 104 feet above the keel. During the
War was used as a hospital ship. Sunk by mines laid by a
submarine in the Aegean Sea on November 21, 1916.

*Britannic (1930) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
26,840. Dimensions: 683' x 82'. Twin-screw, 18 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Motorship. Commenced
maiden voyage from Liverpool on June 30, 1930. Accom-
modations for 1,550 passengers. Made an Atlantic crossing
in 1933 at the average speed of 19 % knots. Transferred
to the London-New York route in April, 1935. Sister ship:
Georgic.

British Empire (1886) British Shipowners Co.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
3,329. Dimensions: 390' x 38'. Single-screw, 13 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Renamed : Rotterdam.

British Empire (1902) British Shipowners Co.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 9,291. Dimensions: 470' x
56'. Twin-screw, 12 % knots. Four masts and one funnel.
Renamed: (a) Campania, (b) Campanello, (c) Flavia.
Sister ships: British Prince and British Princess.

British King (1881) British Shipowners Co.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
3,412. Dimensions: 410' x 39'. Single-screw, 12 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Sister ship: British Queen.
Foundered in North Atlantic in 1906.

British Prince (1899) British Shipowners Co.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 9,203. Dimensions: 470' x

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

55

56'. Twin-screw, 12^ knots. Four masts and one funnel.
Renamed: (a) Sannio, (b) Napoli. Sister ships: British
Empire and British Princess.

British Princess (1882) American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
4,164. Dimensions: 420' x 42'. Single-screw, 12 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Renamed: Les Alpes.

British Queen (1881) British Shipowners Company.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
3,412. Dimensions: 410' x 39'. Single-screw, 12 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Renamed: Obdam. Sister
ship: British King.

Brooklyn (1869) Fabre Line.

Built at Glasgow. Tonnage: 3,576. Dimensions: 354' x 42'.
Single-screw. Three masts and one funnel. Ex-City of
Brooklyn. Ran ashore on Anticosti in 1885 and became a
total loss. No lives were lost as a result of the accident.

B uenos Aires ( 1 887) Compania Trasatlantica ( Spanish Line) .
Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 5,311. Dimensions, 410' x 48'. Single-screw, 14
knots. Three masts and one funnel.

Buenos Ayrean (1879) Allan Line.

Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Dumbarton, Scotland. Ton-
nage: 4,005. Dimensions: 385' x 42'. Single-screw, 12 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Note: The first Atlantic steam-
ship built of steel. (The Rotomohana of the Union Steam-
ship Company of New Zealand was the first ocean-going
steamship built of steel.)

Buffalo (1885) Wilson Line.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 4,431. Dimensions: 385' x
45'. Single-screw, 14 knots. Four masts and two funnels.
Made final voyage to New York in 1901.

Bulgaria (1898) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 11,077. Di-
mensions: 501' x 62'. Twin-screw, 12 knots. Two masts and
one funnel. Renamed: (a) Canada, (b) Hercules.

Bulow (1906) North German Lloyd.

Built by Tecklenborg & Co., Geestemunde, Germany. Ton-
nage: 8,980. Dimensions: 478' x 56'. Twin-screw, 14 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: (a) Tras-os-Montes,
(b) Nyassa. Note: Used mostly on the South American run.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

56

Burgundia (1882) Fabre Line.

Built by T. Royden & Sons, Liverpool, England. Tonnage:
2,908. Dimensions: 328' x 40'. Single-screw. Made final
voyage to New York in 1901.

Byron (1914) Byron Line (Greek).

Built by Cammell, Laird & Co., Ltd., Birkenhead, England.
Tonnage: 9,272. Dimensions: 470' x 58'. Twin-screw, 17
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Megali Hellas,
ex-Vasilefs Constantinos. Scrapped in 1937.

C. F. Tietgen (1897) Scandinavian-American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
8,173. Dimensions: 469' x 53'. Twin-screw, 12 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Rotterdam. Renamed:
Dwinsk.

C. Lopez Y. Lopez (1891) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish
Line).

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
4,170. Dimensions: 396' x 43'. Single-screw. Two masts
and one funnel. Ex-Westmount, ex-Asia, ex-Susan, ex-
Susan II, ex-Lismore Castle. Broken up by shipbreakers
at Savona in 1930.

Calabria (1857) Cunard Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 3,321. Dimensions: 338' x 42'. Single-screw, 13 knots.
Note: The Cunard Line purchased her in 1860 from the Euro-
pean and Australian Line. Due to excessive vibration she
was given new engines and boilers, but was never a successful
ship and soon was sold and used later as a cable laying ship
during her last years. Dismantled by shipbreakers at Bolnes
in 1898. Ex-Australasian.

Calabria (1901) Anchor Line.

Built by D. & W. Henderson & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 4,376. Dimensions: 376 'x 47'. Single-screw, 13 knots.
Two masts and one funnel.

Caledonia (1840) Cunard Line.

Built by C. Wood on the Clyde. Tonnage: 1,139. Di-
mensions: 207' x 34'. Paddle-wheels, 8*/£ knots. Three
masts and one funnel. Note: Sold to Spanish owners in 1850.
Ran onto a shelf of rocks as she entered Havana harbor in
1851. The damage was so great that she was abandoned.
Sister ships: Britannia, Acadia and Columbia.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

57

Caledonia (1904) Anchor Line.

Built by D. & W. Henderson & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 9,223. Dimensions: 500' x 58'. Twin-screw, 16 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Torpedoed and sunk in the
Mediterranean in December, 1916.

Caledonia (1925) Anchor Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Linthouse, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 17,046. Dimensions: 553' x 70'. Twin-screw, 15^
knots. Two masts and three funnels. Note: Speed increased
to 17 knots in 1939. Renamed: Scotstoun (British merchant
cruiser). Torpedoed on January 13, 1940 while serving as
an auxiliary cruiser. Sister ship: Transylvania.

Calgarian (1913) Allan Line.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 17,515. Dimensions: 571' x 72'. Quad-
ruple-screw, 19^/2 knots. Two masts and two funnels.
Torpedoed and sunk on March 1, 1918 while on convoy duty
with a loss of 49 lives. Sister ship: Alsatian. These two
ships were the finest and fastest of the pre-war liners to
Canada.

Calgaric (1918) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
16,063. Dimensions: 550' x 67'. Triple-screw, 14^ knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Orca. Launched in January,
1918. In January, 1927, the Orca was transferred to the
White Star Line and renamed Calgaric for service on their
Liverpool-St. Lawrence trade. Laid up at Milford Haven
in 1933 and sold to shipbreakers in 1935.

California (1863) Anchor Line.

Built by Tod & McGregor, Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage:
1,418. Dimensions: 255' x 33'. Single-screw.

California (1872) Anchor Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 3,410. Dimensions: 361' x 40'. Single-
screw, 13 knots. Three masts and one funnel. Broken up
by Italian shipbreakers at Genoa in 1905. Originally used
on the North Atlantic route, but later transferred to the
Mediterranean service. Sister ship: Victoria.

California (1907) Anchor Line.

Built by D. & W. Henderson & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 8,662. Dimensions: 470' x 58'. Twin-screw, 17 knots.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

58

Two masts and two funnels. Torpedoed off the south-west
coast of Ireland by a German submarine on February 8,
1917 with the loss of 41 lives.

California (1923) Anchor Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 16,792. Dimensions: 553' x 70'. Twin-
screw, 15^ knots. Two masts and one funnel. Note:
Launched on April 17, 1923. Sailed on maiden voyage
August 25, 1923. Sister ship: Tuscania. A World War II
casualty.

Californian (1902) Leyland Line.

Built by Caledon Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Dundee.
Tonnage: 6,223. Dimensions: 447' x 53'. Twin-screw, 13
knots. Four masts and one funnel. Torpedoed and sunk
61 miles from Cape Matapan on November 9, 1915 with the
loss of one life.

Cambria (1845) Cunard Line.

Built by Robert Steele & Co., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
1,422. Dimensions: 219' x 35'. Paddle-wheels, 91A knots.
Three masts and one funnel. Had accommodations for 110
cabin passengers. Sister ship: Hibernia.

Cambroman (1892) Dominion Line.

Built by Laird Bros., Birkenhead, England. Tonnage: 6,059.
Dimensions: 429' x 46'. Single-screw, 13^ knots. Four
masts and one funnel. Later owned by the Warren Line.

Cameronia (1910) Anchor Line.

Built by D. & W. Henderson & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 10,963. Dimensions: 515' x 62'. Twin-screw, 17 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Torpedoed and sunk 150 miles
from Malta on April 15, 1917 with the loss of 11 lives.

*Cameronia (1920) Anchor Line.

Built by Wm. Beardmore & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
16,297. Dimensions: 552' x 70'. Twin-screw, 15^ knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Launched on December 23,
1919. Commenced maiden voyage from Liverpool to New
York in May, 1921.

Campania (1893) Cunard Line.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Go van, Glasgow. Tonnage: 12,950. Dimensions: 598' x
65'. Twin-screw, 22 knots. Two masts and two funnels.
Launched on September 8, 1892. Building cost amounted

to approximately $3,000,000. From her keel to the top of
her funnels measured 130 feet high.

The diameter of the

Denotes ship still in service under same name.

59

funnels was 19 feet. The main dining saloon measured 85
feet by 63 feet and seated over 400 passengers at one time.
Commenced her maiden voyage from Liverpool on April 22,
1893. In 1914 she was sold to T. W. Ward & Company,
famous shipbreakers. Before scrapping operations could be
started she was requisitioned by the British Government for
war service, and converted into a seaplane carrier and used
at the Battle of Jutland. On November 5, 1918 she was in
collision with the battleship Revenge in the Firth of Forth
and as a result sunk. Sister ship: Lucania.

Campania (1902) Royal Line (Canadian Northern Railways).
Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 9,291. Dimensions: 470' x
56'. Twin-screw, 13 knots. Four masts and one funnel.
Ex-British Empire. Renamed: (a) Campanello, (b)
Flavia. Note: the Campania was at one time in the service
of the Navigazione Generale Italiana Line.

Canada (1848) Cunard Line.

Built by Robert Steele & Co., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
1,831. Dimensions: 251' x 38'. Paddle-wheels, 10 knots.
Three masts and one funnel. Note: Had accommodations
for 140 cabin passengers. In 1867 was sold and converted
into a sailing ship and renamed Mississippi. Scrapped in
1883. Sister ships: America, Niagara and Europa.

Canada (1863) National Line.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 4,276. Dimensions: 371' x
41'. Single-screw, 12 knots. Three masts and one funnel.
Rebuilt and lengthened in 1871. Made final voyage to New
York in 1892. Scrapped in 1894.

Canada (1865) French Line.

Built at St. Nazaire, France. Tonnage: 4,287. Dimensions:
354' x 43'. Single-screw, 13)^ knots. Ex-Panama.

Canada (1896) Dominion Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
9,415. Dimensions: 500' x 58'. Single-screw, 15 knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Scrapped in 1926. Note: Taken over
and operated by the White Star Line during her later years.

Canada (1898) Unione Austriaca Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 11,440. Di-
mensions: 501' x 62'. Twin-screw, 12 knots. Two masts and
one funnel. Ex-Bulgaria. Renamed: Hercules.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

60

'Canada (1911) Fabre Line.

Built by Forges & Chantiers de la Mediterranee, France.
Tonnage: 9,684. Dimensions: 476' x 56'. Two masts and
two funnels. Twin-screw, 15}/£ knots.

Canadian (1854) Allan Line.

Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 1,873. Dimensions: 278' x 34'. Single-screw, 11
knots. Three masts arid two funnels. Note: Pioneer Allan
Line steamship. Commenced her maiden voyage from
Liverpool to Quebec and Montreal on September 20, 1854.
Wrecked in the St. Lawrence on June 1, 1857 with no loss of
life. Sister ship: Indian. Note: These two steamships cost
about $250,000 each. Had accommodations for 80 first-class
passengers besides space devoted to a large number of emi-
grants.

Canadian (1860) Allan Line.

Built at Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage: 1,926. On June 4,
1861 was crushed by a field of ice at the entrance of the
Straits of Belle Isle, and sunk. The disaster cost the lives
of 30 of those on board.

Canadian (1900) Leyland Line.

Built by R. and W. Hawthorne, Leslie & Co., Ltd., New-
castle-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 9,309. Dimensions:
530' x 59'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Four masts and one
funnel. Torpedoed and sunk 47 miles from the Fastnet on
April 5, 1917 with the loss of one life.

Canopic (1900) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
12,268. Dimensions: 578' x 59'. Twin-screw, 16 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Commonwealth. Scrapped
in 1925.

*Caribia (1932) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 12,049. Di-
mensions: 497' x 65'. Twin-screw, 17 knots. Two masts and
one funnel. Motorship. Note: Used on the Hamburg-
Central American route. Sister ship: Cordillera. The
Caribia has been renamed Iljitsch (Russian).

Carinthia (1895) Cunard Line.

Built by London and Glasgow Shipbuilding Co., Glasgow,
Scotland. Tonnage: 5,598. Dimensions: 445' x 49'. Twin-
screw, 14 knots. Four masts and one funnel. Wrecked near
Point Gravois, Haiti in 1900. Sister ship: Sylvania.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

61

Carinthia (1925) Cunard Line.

Built by Vickers, Armstrong, Ltd., Barrow-in-Furnace,
England. Tonnage: 20,277. Dimensions: 600' x 73'. Twin-
screw, 18 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Torpedoed and
sunk by a German submarine on June 8, 1940. Sister ship:
Franconia.

Carmania (1905) Cunard Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 19,566. Dimensions: 650' x 72'. Triple-screw,
18 1/6 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: Navigating
bridge was 60 feet above the water line. She was the first
Cunarder to be fitted with steam turbines and always a
faster ship than her sister. On September 14, 1914 she en-
gaged the armed German liner Cap Trafalgar and after
many shots had been fired the Hamburg-South American
Line's vessel was sunk. The Carmania had received 79
shell holes, but the damage was not severe enough to prevent
her making port for repairs. The Carmania was sold to
shipbreakers in November, 1932 and during the following
year dismantled. Sister ship: Caronia.

Carolina (1905) Unione Austriaca (Austro-American Line).
Built by Russell & Co., Ltd., Port Glasgow, Scotland. Ton-
nage: 4, 713. Dimensions: 359' x 48'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Sister ship: Francesca.

Caronia (1905) Cunard Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 19,782. Dimensions: 650' x 72'. Triple-screw,
18 ^> knots. Two masts and two funnels. Sold to an English
shipbreaking firm in January, 1932, but they resold her to
Japanese shipbreakers for a larger sum of money and she
sailed to Japan under the name Taiseiyo Maru. Scrapped
in 1933. Sister ship: Carmania. (Note: These two sister
ships proved to be very steady in bad weather.)

Carpathia (1903) Cunard Line.

Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., Wall-
send-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 13,603. Dimensions:
540' x 64'. Twin-screw, 14^ knots. Four masts and one
funnel. Had accommodations for 200 second-class and about
1,600 third-class passengers. The Carpathia answered the
Titanic's S. O. S. call and succeeded in rescuing a large
number of the survivors. Sunk by three torpedoes on July
17, 1918 when 170 miles from Bishop Rock. The lives of
five men in the stokeholds were lost.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

62

Carthaginian (1884) Allan Line.

Built by Go van Shipping Co., Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage:
4,444. Dimensions: 386' x 45'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Three masts and one funnel. Sunk by a mine near Royal
Sovereign Light Vessel on June 14, 1917.

Caserta (1904) (a) Lloyd Italiano, (b) Navigazione Generale
Italiana.

Built by Sir W. G. Armstrong, Whitworth & Co., Ltd., New-
castle-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 7,028. Dimensions:
420' x 51'. Twin-screw, 14 knots. Two masts and one
funnel. Ex-Mendoza.

Caspian (1870) Allan Line.

Built by London and Glasgow Shipbuilding Co., Glasgow,
Scotland. Tonnage: 2,747. Dimensions: 349' x 38'. Single-
screw. Three masts and one funnel. Scrapped in 1897.

Cassandra (1905) Anchor-Donaldson Line.

Built by Scott's Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage: 8,135. Dimensions: 455' x
53'. Twin-screw, 14 knots. Two masts and one funnel.

Cassel (1901) North German Lloyd.

Built by Tecklenborg & Co., Geestemunde, Germany. Ton-
nage: 7,543. Dimensions: 428' x 54'. Twin-screw, 13 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: Marechal Gallieni.
Sister ship: Chemnitz.

Castilian (1898) Allan Line.

Built by Workman, Clark & Co., Ltd., Belfast, Ireland.
Tonnage: 7,441. Dimensions: 470' x 53'. Single-screw, 14
knots. Wrecked in Bay of Fundy on March 11, 1899 while
on her maiden voyage. No lives were lost.

Catalonia (1881) Cunard Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage: 4,841.
Dimensions: 429' x 43'. Single-screw, 12^ knots. Three
masts and one funnel. Scrapped in 1902.

Cataluna (1883) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish Line).
Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 3,665. Dimensions: 384' x 42'. Single-screw, 14
knots. Two masts and one funnel.

Cedric (1903) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
21,227. Dimensions: 680' x 75'. Twin-screw, 17 knots.
Four masts and two funnels. Launched on August 21, 1902.
Sold to shipbreakers in February 1932. Sister ship: Celtic.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

63

Note: These two ships were very similar to the Baltic and
Adriatic and they were all noted for their steadiness in bad
weather.

Celtic (1872) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
3,888. Dimensions: 437' x 40'. Single-screw, 14^ knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Renamed: Amerika. Sister
ship: Adriatic.

Celtic (1901) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
20,904. Dimensions: 680' x 75'. Twin-screw, 17 knots.
Four masts and two funnels. Note: First steamship to ex-
ceed 20,000 tons. Converted to a cabin class liner in 1928.
Went aground in a dense fog at entrance to Queenstown
harbor in 1928 and became a total wreck. She was dis-
mantled by shipbreakers in 1933 owing to the dangerous
position of the wreck. Sister ship: Cedric.

Cephalonia (1882) Cunard Line.

Built by Laird Bros., Birkenhead, England. Tonnage: 5,517.
Dimensions: 430' x 46'. Single-screw, 14 knots. Three
masts and one funnel. Launched in May, 1882. Commenced
maiden voyage on August 24, 1882 from Liverpool. Had
accommodations for 100 first-class passengers and 1,500 in
steerage class. Renamed :Hailar. Scrapped in 1900. Sister
ship: Pavonia.

Cesare Battisti (1920) Transatlantica Italiana Line.

Built by Societa Anonima Ansaldo, Genoa, Italy. Tonnage:
8,331. Dimensions: 434' x 60'. Twin-screw, 14^ knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Blew up in Massaua Harbor,
Eritrea on December 26, 1936.

Cestrian (1896) Leyland Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
8,776. Dimensions: 512' x 59'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Torpedoed by enemy sub-
marine near Skyro on June 24, 1917 with the loss of 3 lives.

Cevic (1893) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
8,301. Dimensions: 500' x 60'. Twin-screw, 13 knots. Four
masts and one funnel.

Champlain (1932) French Line.

Built by Chantier et Ateliers de Saint Nazaire, Penhoet.
Tonnage: 28,124. Dimensions: 606' x 83'. Twin-screw, 20

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

64

knots. Two masts and one funnel. This fine cabin class
liner had a dining saloon that was two decks high and 65
feet long. She struck a mine and sunk on July 3, 1940.

Chateau Yquem (1883) Fabre Line.

Built by Chantier et Ateliers de la Gironde, Bordeaux,
France. Tonnage: 4,211. Dimensions: 386' x 41'. Single-
screw. Made final voyage to New York in 1900.

Chemnitz (1901) North German Lloyd.

Built by Tecklenborg & Co., Geestemunde, Germany. Ton-
nage: 7,543. Dimensions: 428' x 54'. Twin-screw, 13 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Sister ship: Cassel.

Chester (1873) American Line.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
4,770. Dimensions: 444' x 44'. Single-screw, 15 knots.
Three masts and two funnels. Ex-City of Chester. Re-
named: Sedgwick. Scrapped in 1907.

Chicago (1908) French Line.

Built by Chantier de L' Atlantique, St. Nazaire, France.
Tonnage: 11,127. Dimensions: 508' x 57'. Twin-screw, 16
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Renamed: Guade-
loupe.

China (1861) Cunard Line.

Built by Robert Napier & Sons, Glasgow. Tonnage: 2,539.
Dimensions: 326' x 40'. Single-screw, 14 knots. Three
masts and one funnel. Renamed: Magellanes (Spanish
Line). Finally converted into a sailing ship and renamed
Theodor. Foundered in 1908.

Chrobry (1939) Gdynia- American Line.

Built at Nakskov, Denmark. Tonnage: 11,442. Dimen-
sions: 477' x 66'. Twin-screw, 17 knots. Two masts and
one funnel. Motorship. Torpedoed and sunk during the
battle for Narvick, Norway in 1940. Sister ship: Sobieski.

Cimbria (1867) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
3,037. Dimensions: 326' x 40'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Sunk as a result of collision with
the British steamship Sultan off Dutch coast on January
19, 1883, with the loss of 389 lives.

Cincinnati (1908) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 16,339. Di-
mensions: 582' x 65'. Twin-screw, 15 % knots. Four masts
and two funnels. Renamed: Covington. Note: During the

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

65

first World War she was seized at Boston and converted into
a troopship. In June, 1918 was sunk by torpedoes. Sister
ship: Cleveland.

Circassia (1878) Anchor Line.

Built by Vickers, Sons & Maxim, Ltd., Barrow-in-Furnace,
England. Tonnage: 4,272. Dimensions: 399' x 42'. Single-
screw, 14 knots. Three masts and one funnel.

Circassia (1903) Anchor Line.

Built by D. & W. Henderson & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 6,861. Dimensions: 450' x 55'. Single-screw, 15 knots.
Two masts and one funnel.

Circassian (1872) Allan Line.

Built by Robert Steele & Co., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
3,724. Dimensions: 415' x 40'. Single-screw, 13^ knots.
Three masts and one funnel.

Citta di Geneva (1882) La Veloce Line.

Built by Wigham Richardson & Co., Newcastle, England.
Tonnage: 3,919. Dimensions: 390' x 42'. Single-screw.
Made final voyage to New York in 1906.

Citta di Milano (1897) La Veloce Line.

Built by N. Odero, Sestri, Ponente, Italy. Tonnage: 3,848.
Dimensions: 364' x 43'. Single-screw, 12 knots. Sister ship:
Citta di Torino. Made final voyage to New York in 1907.

Citta di Napoli (1871) La Veloce Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
4,125. Dimensions: 426' x 41'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Ex-Vittoria, ex-Maasdam,
ex-Republic. Scrapped in 1910.

Citta di Torino (1898) La Veloce Line.

Built by N. Odero & Co., Foce, Genoa, Italy. Tonnage:
3,836. Dimensions: 363' x 43'. Single-screw, 12 knots.
Sister ship: Citta di Milano. Made final voyage to New
York in 1907.

City of Antwerp (1867) Inman Line.

Built at Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage: 2,391. Dimensions:
332' x 39'. Single-screw. Sold in 1880 to the Johnson Line
and renamed Thanmore. Listed as missing in 1890.

City of Baltimore (1854) Inman Line.

Built by Tod & McGregor, Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,472. Dimensions: 321' x 33'. Single-screw. Sold to the
Hall Line in 1874 and renamed Fivaller. Resold in 1882 to
Spanish owners, who changed her name to Benicarlo, and
continued to run in their service until 1892.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

66

City of Berlin (1875) Inman Line.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
5,491. Dimensions: 488' x 44'. Single-screw, 16 knots.
Three masts and one funnel. Launched on October 27, 1874.
Dining saloon was amidships and measured 44 feet by 43
feet wide. Taken over by the American Line in 1893 and
renamed Berlin. Turned over to the United States Govern-
ment in 1898 for service in the war against Spain, and was
given the name U. S. Meade. After the war she was used
on the transport service between the mainland and Philip-
pines. Nearly destroyed by fire in 1906 prior to sailing to
the Philippines with troops. She was rebuilt, and used as
a training ship at Boston in 1918. Note: She gained fame
by winning the Atlantic speed record in 1875. Scrapped in
1921.

City of Boston (1864) Inman Line.

Built at Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage: 2,213. Dimensions:
313' x 39'. Single-screw. Two masts and one funnel. Left
Halifax for voyage to Liverpool in January, 1870 with 177
persons on board. She was never heard of again.

City of Brooklyn (1869) Inman Line.

Built at Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage: 2,911. Dimensions:
354' x 43'. Single-screw. Three masts and one funnel.
Renamed: Brooklyn.

City of Brussels (1869) Inman Line.

Built by Tod & McGregor, Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage:
3,081. Dimensions: 390' x 40'. Single-screw, Ul/2 knots.
Three masts and one funnel. She was the first ship to reduce
the North Atlantic passage to under eight days. Altered in
1872 by having another deck added, and other improvements
were made to enable her to compete with newer rivals. Her
career was suddenly ended when she collided with the steam-
ship Kirby Hall and sunk off the mouth of the Mersey in
the dense fog that prevailed on January 7, 1883.

City of Chester (1873) Inman Line.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
4,560. Dimensions: 444' x 42'. Single-screw, 15 knots.
Three masts and two funnels. Taken over and operated by
the American Line under the name Chester in 1893. During
the Spanish-American War was acquisitioned by the Ameri-
can Government and renamed Sedgwick. After the war she
was laid up until sold in 1905 to Italians, who renamed her
Arizona and later to Napoletano. Scrapped in April, 1907.
Sister ship: City of Richmond.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

67

City of Chicago (1883) Inman Line.

Built by Charles Connell & Co., Scotstoun, Scotland. Ton-
nage: 5,000. Dimensions: 430' x 45'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and two funnels. Launched in May, 1883. Ex-
Vancouver. Wrecked by stranding on south coast of
Ireland, near Kinsdale in July, 1892. No lives were lost.

City of Glasgow (1850) Inman Line.

Built by Tod & McGregor, Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage:
1,609. Dimensions: 237' x 34'. Single-screw. Three masts
and one funnel. Pioneer vessel of the Inman Line. Barque-
rigged, and carried an enormous amount of canvas. She had
2 beam engines totalling 350 nominal horse-power geared to
a single shaft with a propeller 12 feet in diameter. Accom-
modated 52 passengers in first-class, 85 in second-class and
400 in the steerage. Crew numbered about seventy. Left
Liverpool for New York on March 1, 1854, with 480 persons
on board, and was never heard of again.

City of London (1863) Inman Line.

Built by Tod & McGregor, Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,765. Dimensions: 374' x 41'. Single-screw. Three masts
and one funnel. Note: Had been lengthened in 1868 to 374
feet.

City of Manchester (1851) Inman Line.

Built by Tod & McGregor, Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,215. Dimensions: 258' x 34'. Single-screw. Commenced
maiden voyage in June, 1851. Sold in 1871 and converted
into a sailing ship. Wrecked in 1876.

City of Montreal (1872) Inman Line.

Built by Tod & McGregor, Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage:
4,489. Dimensions: 419' x 44'. Single-screw. Three masts
and one funnel. Originally built with one funnel and was
later given two stacks. Burnt at sea on August 12, 1887,
with no loss of life.

City of New York (1861) Inman Line.

Built on the Clyde. Tonnage: 2,360. Dimensions ^326' x
40'. Single-screw, 12 knots. Three masts and one funnel.
Wrecked on Daunt's Rock, near Queenstown, on March 29,
1864, with no loss of life.

City of New York (1865) Inman Line.

British built. Tonnage: 3,499. Dimensions: 375' xf39'.
Single-screw. Three masts and two funnels. Lengthened to

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

68

375 feet,
Delaware

1903.

increasing tonnage to 3,499 tons gross. Ex-
!. Broken up by shipbreakers in France during

City of New York (1888) Inman Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage: 10,499.
Dimensions: 528' x 63'. Twin-screw, 20^ knots. Three
masts and three funnels. Note: Launched in March, 1888.
Made 20.2 knots on trials. Was one of the first steamships
to be equipped with twin-screws. (The Netting Hill was
a twin-screw steamship built in 1881. Several of the early
French Line steamers had been converted from paddle-
wheels to twin-screws.) In 1898 was commissioned as a
merchant cruiser in the United States Navy, and given the
name Harvard. After the Spanish-American War her name
reverted back to New York. During 1903 she was altered
by having her three original funnels cut down to two, and,
also, had new boilers and engines installed. Renamed: (a)
New York, (b) Harvard, (c) New York. Sister ship: City
of Paris. (These sister ships were taken over and operated
by the American Line in 1893.)

City of Paris (1866) Inman Line.

Built by Tod & McGregor, Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,651. Dimensions: 346' x 40'. Single-screw, 13^ knots.
Three masts and one funnel. Commenced maiden voyage in
November, 1867. Sold and renamed Tonquin in 1883.
Note: Sunk by collision in 1902.

City of Paris (1889) Inman Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage: 10,669.
Dimensions: 527' x 63'. Twin-screw, 20 knots. Three masts
and three funnels. Launched in October, 1888. On trials
made 21.95 knots. Taken over by the United States Govern-
ment for service in the war against Spain, and went under the
name Yale. After the war she was reconditioned, and when
put back in her normal service, appeared with two funnels
instead of the original three. She was given the name
Philadelphia, and as such, continued until put on govern-
ment service in 1917, as the Harrisburg. After the World
War she was given back her former name Philadelphia, but
before going to the scrapper's yard at Genoa in 1923 was used
as a third-class liner to the Baltic, and later tried on the
Italian emigrant service for a short time. Renamed: (a)
Yale, (b) Philadelphia, (c) Harrisburg, (d) Phila-
delphia. Sister ship: City of New York.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

69

City of Philadelphia (1853) Inman Line.

British built. Tonnage: 2,168. Dimensions: 294' x 39'.
Single-screw. On September 9, 1854 was wrecked on Cape
Race. No loss of life occurred.

City of Richmond (1873) Inman Line.

Built by Tod & McGregor, Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage:
4,623. Dimensions: 441' x 43'. Single-screw, 15 knots.
Three masts and two funnels. Made a fast run from Sandy
Hook to Fastnet Rock in 1873 in 7 days, 23 hours. Sold in
1891. Sister ship: City of Chester.

City of Rome (1881) Inman Line.

Built by Vickers, Sons & Maxim, Ltd., Barrow-in-Furnace,
England. Tonnage: 8,415. Dimensions: 560' x 52'. Single-
screw, 16 knots. Four masts and three funnels. Launched
in June, 1881. First liner built with three funnels. Dining
saloon measured 72 feet by 52 feet wide, and was 9 feet high
or 17 feet in the opening to the drawing room above. This
beautiful ship was sold to the Anchor Line not long after
completion. Broken up by shipbreakers in Germany during
1902,

City of Washington (1853) Inman Line.

British built. Tonnage: 2,870. Dimensions: 358' x 40'.
Single-screw. Commenced maiden voyage to New York on
December 31, 1856. She had previously been under charter
to the French Government for service in the Crimean War.
Lengthened in 1869. Wrecked near Nova Scotia on July 7,
1873, with no loss of life.

Cleveland (1908) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 16,971. Di-
mensions: 588' x 65'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Four masts
and two funnels. Note : Inaugurated a new service to Boston
in May, 1913, along with the Cincinnati. She was seized
by the United States Government during the World War,
and converted into a troopship, and renamed Mobile.
In 1922 she reverted back to the Hamburg-American Line
and received her former name. Renamed: (a) Mobile, (b)
Cleveland. Scrapped in 1933. Sister ship: Cincinnati.

Coblenz (1923) North German Lloyd.

Built by Weser Shipbuilding Co., Bremen, Germany. Ton-
nage: 9,449. Dimensions: 458' x 57'. Twin-screw, 11 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: Si cilia. Sister ship:
Saarbrucken .

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

70

Coburg (1908) North German Lloyd.

Built by Bremer Vulcan Co., Vegesack, Germany. Tonnage:
6,750. Dimensions: 419' x 54'. Single-screw, 12 knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Renamed: Pocone. Sister ship:
Eisenach.

*Colombie (1931) French Line.

Built by At. et Chantiers de France. Tonnage: 13,391.
Dimensions: 488' x 66'. Twin-screw, 17 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Note: Used on the West Indies and Central
American service.

Colombo (1917) Navigazione Generate Italiana.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, Newcastle, England. Tonnage: 12,003. Di-
mensions: 518' x 64'. Twin-screw, 17 knots. Two masts and
two funnels. Note: Later transferred to the Lloyd Triestino
Line. Ex-San Gennaro.

Colorado (1867) Guion Line.

Built at Jarrow-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 2,888. Note:
She had accommodations for approximately 1,000 steerage
passengers. Sunk by collision in the Mersey in December,
1873, with the loss of six lives.

Colorado (1887) Wilson Line.

Built by Earle's Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Hull, England. Tonnage: 4,220. Dimensions: 370' x 44'.
Single-screw, 14 knots. Three masts and one funnel. Made
final voyage to New York in 1905.

Columbia (1840) Cunard Line.

Built by Robert Steele & Sons, Greenock, Scotland. Ton-
nage: 1,155. Dimensions: 207' x 34'. Paddle-wheels, 8J^
knots. Three masts and one funnel. Wrecked on Devil's
Limit Rock, near Halifax, on July 2, 1843, while on voyage
between Boston and Halifax. Sister ships: Acadia, Britan-
nia and Caledonia.

Columbia (1866) Anchor Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Son, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 1,322. Dimensions: 283' x 33'. Single-
screw. Note: In 1894 was sold to the Italians and renamed
Francesco Crispi. She was wrecked on Ship wash in
August, 1898.

Columbia (1889) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Laird Bros., Ltd., Birkenhead, England. Tonnage:
7,383. Dimensions: 463' x 55'. Twin-screw, 18 knots.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

71

Three masts and three funnels. Note: Sold to Spain in 1898
and renamed Rapido. After the Spanish-American War the
vessel was taken back by the Hamburg-American Line and
used again on their Atlantic service. She was sold in 1904
to the Russian Volunteer Fleet, who changed her name to
Terek. She was scrapped in 1907. Sister ship: Auguste
Victoria. (These ships were very similar in appearance to
their running mates the Furst Bismark and Normannia.)

Columbia (1901) Anchor Line.

Built by D. & W. Henderson & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 8,292. Dimensions: 485' x 56'. Twin-screw, 15^
knots. Two masts and three funnels. Renamed: (a) Co-
lumbella, (b) Moreas. Note: She was used as a British
merchant cruiser under the name Columbella during World
War I. Broken up by shipbreakers in Italy during 1929.

Columbia (1908) Lloyd Austriaca (Austro- American Line).
Built by Russell & Co., Ltd., Port Glasgow, Scotland. Ton-
nage: 5,460. Dimensions: 400' x 52'. Single-screw, 13
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Note: Taken over by
the Cosulich Line after World War I. Sister ship: Georgia.

Columbus (1900) Dominion Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
15,378. Dimensions: 593' x 59'. Twin-screw, 15 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Renamed: Republic.

Columbus (1914) North German Lloyd.

Built by F. Schichau, Danzig, Germany. Tonnage: 34,356.
Dimensions: 751' x 83'. Twin-screw, 20 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Note: She was never in use under this
name for when completed in 1920 was turned over to the
British and sold to the White Star Line and renamed
Homeric. The Columbus of 1922 was a very similar ship.

Columbus (1922) North German Lloyd.

Built by F. Schichau, Danzig, Germany. Tonnage: 32,354.
Dimensions: 749' x 83'. Twin-screw, 22 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Note: Commenced her maiden voyage in
1924. She was the last big liner to be fitted with recipro-
cating engines. In 1929 was re-engined with geared turbines,
which increased her speed to 23 knots. She was set on fire
and scuttled by her crew on December 19, 1939, while being
pursued by British warships. This vessel was very similar
to the Homeric.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

72

Commonwealth (1900) Dominion Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
12,268. Dimensions: 578' x 59'. Twin-screw, 16 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Note: She was transferred to
the White Star Line in 1903 and renamed Canopic.

Constantinople (1896) Greek Line.

Built by F. Schichau, Danzig, Germany. Tonnage: 11,570.
Dimensions: 550' x 60'. Twin-screw, 15 knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Ex-Bremen. Renamed: King
Alexander.

Conte Biancamano (1925) Lloyd Sabaudo Line.

Built by Wm. Beardmore & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
24,416. Dimensions: 626' x 76'. Twin-screw, 20 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Note: Transferred to the Italia
Line. She has been employed on the South American trade
as well as being used on the North Atlantic route. In later
years was put on the Far East service of Lloyd Triestino.
Renamed:* Hermitage. Sister ship: Conte Grande.

Conte Grande (1927) Lloyd Sabaudo Line.

Built by Stabilmento Tecnico, Trieste, Italy. Tonnage:
25,661. Dimensions: 624' x 78'. Twin-screw, 21 knots.
Two rnasts and two funnels. Note: Transferred to the Italia
Line. Later used on the South American route. Renamed:
*Monticello. Sister ship: Conte Biancamano.

Conte Rosso (1922) Lloyd Sabaudo Line.

Built by Wm. Beardmore & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
17,048. Dimensions: 570' x 74'. Twin-screw, 18^ knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Note: Transferred to Lloyd
Triestino, and put on their Far East service. She struck a
mine and sunk off Sicily in February, 1941. Sister ship:
Conte Verde.

*Conte di Savoia (1932) Lloyd Sabaudo Line.

Built by Cantieri Riuniti Dell Adriatico, Trieste, Italy.
Tonnage: 48,502. Dimensions: 785' x 96'. Quadruple-screw,
28 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: She was taken
over and operated by the newly formed Italia Line before
completion. Commenced her maiden voyage in December,
1932. Equipped with three gyro-stabilizers which operate
to minimize her motion in a rough sea. Has made the
crossing between Genoa and New York frequently in 6 ^
days. She was never quite as fast as her running mate the
Rex. She was sunk by air action at Venice, in September,
1943, but was refloated two years later in October, 1945.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

73

Conte Verde (1923) Lloyd Sabaudo Line.

Built by Wm. Beardmore & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
18,765. Dimensions: 570' x 74'. Twin-screw, 18 }/% knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Note: Transferred to the Lloyd
Triestino service of the Far East. Beached at Nakata Bay
in July, 1945. Sister ship: Conte Rosso.

Coptic (1881) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
4,384. Dimensions: 430' x 42'. Single-screw, 15 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Renamed: (a) Persia, (b)
Persia Maru. Laid up at Yokohoma in 1924, and broken
up by shipbreakers in 1926.

Corcovado (1907) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Frd. Krupp, Keil, Germany. Tonnage: 8,374.
Dimensions: 448' x 55'. Twin-screw, 12^ knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Renamed: (a) Such, (b) Corcovado,
(c) Guglielmo Pierce, (d) Maria Christina, (e) *Mou-
zinho. Sister ship: Ypiranga. Note: The Corcovado and
Ypiranga were used chiefly on the Central American route.

Cordillera (1932) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 12,055. Di-
mensions: 497' x 65'. Twin-screw, 17 knots. Two masts and
one funnel. Motorship. Sister ship: Caribia. These ships
were usually on the Central American route.

Corinthian (1899) Allan Line.

Built by Workman, Clark & Co., Ltd., Belfast, Ireland.
Tonnage: 6,229. Dimensions: 430' x 54'. Single-screw, 12
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Wrecked near Brier
Island on December 14, 1918. Sister ship: Sicilian.

Corsican (1907) Allan Line.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
11,419. Dimensions: 499' x 61'. Twin-screw, 17 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: Marvale. Sister
ships: Hesperian and Grampian.

Covadonga (1884) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish Line).
Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 5,161. Dimensions: 439' x 46'. Single-screw, 13^
knots. Four masts and two funnels. Ex-Tainui. Re-
named: (a) Tainui, (b) Astoria.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

74

Crefeld (1895) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Shipbuilding Co., Stettin, Germany. Ton-
nage: 3,829. Dimensions: 355' x 43'. Single-screw, 12 H
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: Espana
No. 4 (Spanish Government).

Cretic (1902) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
13,507. Dimensions: 582' x 60'. Twin-screw, 16 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Ex-Mayflower, ex-Han-
overian. Made final voyage to New York in 1920.

Cristobal Colon (1866) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish
Line).

British built. Tonnage: 2,869. Dimensions: 335' x 42'.
Single-screw. Ex-Minnesota. Note: Had been purchased
from the Guion Line in 1875.

Cristobal Colon (1923) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish
Line).

Built by Soc. Espanolo de Constr. Naval Yard, Ferrol,
Spain. Tonnage: 10,833. Dimensions: 480' x 61'. Twin-
screw, 17 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Sister ship:
Alfonso XIII.

Cuba (1865) Cunard Line.

Built by Tod & McGregor, Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,668. Dimensions: 338' x 42'. Single-screw, 12 Yi knots.
Three masts and one funnel. Accommodations for 160 cabin
passengers. She made 13.6 knots on trials.

Cuba (1923) French Line.

Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., Wall-
send-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 11,337. Dimensions:
476' x 62'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two masts and two
funnels. Note: Used mostly on the Central American trade.
A World War II casualty.

Cufic (1888) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
4,639. Dimensions: 430' x 45'. Single-screw, 13 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Sunk in 1919. Sister ship:
Runic.

Cymric (1898) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
13,096. Dimensions: 585' x 64'. Twin-screw, 15 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Torpedoed and sunk by sub-
marine 140 miles from Foreland on May 8, 1916 with the
loss of five lives.

Denotes ship still in service under same name.

75

Czar (1912) Russian- American Line.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
6,345. Dimensions: 425' x 53'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Renamed: (a) Estonia, (b) Pulaski.

Czaritza (1915) Russian-American Line.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
6,598. Dimensions: 440' x 53'. Twin-screw, 15^ knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Renamed: (a) Lithuania,
(b) Kosciuszko.

Dakota (1872) Guion Line.

Built at Jarrow-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 4,332. Di-
mensions: 400' x 43'. Single-screw, 16 knots. Two masts
and one funnel. Wrecked near Anglesea, Wales, on May 9,
1877, while on voyage from Liverpool to New York. All on
board were saved. Sister ship: Montana.

Dania (1889) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Reiherstieg Schiffs-Werfte, Hamburg, Germany.
Tonnage: 3,898. Dimensions: 373' x 44'. Single-screw, 14
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: Montserrat.
Sister ship: Russia.

Danmark (1867) Thingvalla Line.

Built by Henderson, Coulborn Co., Renfrew, Scotland. Ton-
nage: 826. Dimensions: 203' x 28'. Single-screw. Three
masts and one funnel. Note: This little emigrant ship
foundered in mid-Atlantic on April 6, 1889 and not one of
the 735 persons aboard, of which 669 were passengers, was
lost. The rescue was effected by the British steamship
Missouri. Amid scenes of conspicuous gallantry and cool-
ness on the part of the officers and men of the British steamer,
the entire company of passengers and crew of the Danmark
was transferred to the life boats and all reached port safely.

Dante Alighieri (1914) Transatlantica Italiana.

Built by Soc. Esercizio Bacini, Genoa, Italy. Tonnage:
9,757. Dimensions: 483' x 59'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Renamed: Asahi Maru.

Darmstadt (1890) North German Lloyd.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 5,012. Dimensions: 413' x 48'. Single-
screw, 13 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Note: Made
final voyage to New York in 1910 and during 1911 was sold
to the Turkish Government and renamed Karadeniz.
Sister ships, Gera, Karlesruhe, Oldenburg and Stuttgart.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

76

*De Grasse (1924) French Line.

Built by Cammell Laird & Co., Ltd., Birkenhead, England.
Tonnage: 17,759. Dimensions: 552' x 71. Twin-screw, 16
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: A very fine
example of an intermediate size liner. During World War II
had been resting down by the stern in the estuary at Bor-
deaux, France, for four years, but early in 1946 was raised
and recondition work started. She should be ready for
service in 1947.

De La Salle (1924) French Line.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
8,400. Dimensions: 440' x 56'. Twin-screw, 14 knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Note: Used on the West Indies and
Central American trade. Identical in appearance to the
Sinaia of Fabre Line.

Delphic (1897) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
8,273. Dimensions: 475' x 55'. Twin-screw, 12 knots. Four
mast's and one funnel. Torpedoed and sunk near Bishop
Rock on August 16, 1917, with the loss of 5 lives.

Demerara (1872) Cunard Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage: 1,904.
Dimensions: 307' x 34'. Single-screw, 12 knots. Two masts
and one funnel. Note: Used on Boston service and later
transferred to the Mediterranean trade. Sister ship:
Trinidad.

Denmark (1865) National Line.

Built at Stockton-on-Tees, England. Tonnage: 3,725. Di-
mensions: 355' x 42'. Single-screw, 12 knots. Three masts
and one funnel. Note: Later lengthened and altered
similarly as were other steamships of this line of that period.
Made final voyage to New York in 1891.

Derfflinger (1907) North Germart Lloyd.

Built by F. Schichau, Danzig, Germany. Tonnage: 9,144.
Dimensions: 463' x 57'. Twin-screw, 14^ knots. Two masts
and one funnel. Ex-Huntsgreen, ex-Derfflinger. Scrapped
in 1933. Sister ships: Luetzow and Yorck.

Deutschland (1858) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
903 tons net. Dimensions: 180' x 32'. Single-screw.
Wrecked on Goodwin Sands on December 6, 1876 with the
loss of 52 lives.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

77

Deutschland (1866) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,873. Wrecked off Kentish Knock, North Sea on December
5, 1875, while bound for New York from Bremen. The lives
of 157 were lost.

Deutschland (1899) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 16,502.
Dimensions: 660' x 67'. Twin-screw, 23 knots. Two masts
and four funnels. Note: She represented the Hamburg-
American Line's first and only successful attempt at winning
the Atlantic Blue Ribbon. In 1910 she was taken off the
route and converted into a cruise ship. Her speed was re-
duced to 18 knots for this new service and name changed to
Victoria Luise. After the first World War was used in the
emigrant business under the name of Hansa with this new
service lasting only a short time. Scrapped in 1925 after
being laid up for a year.

*Deutschland (1923) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 20,607. Di-
mensions: 602' x 72'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Four masts
and two funnels. In 1934 she was lengthened and altered.
These changes increased her length to 645 feet, her tonnage
to 21,046 tons gross and speed to 20 knots. Her sister ship
also underwent similar changes. Sister ship: Albert I Jail in.
Note : The New York and Hamburg were exactly like these
ships, except that they had only two masts. The Deutsch-
land is not now in service on account of war damage.

Devonia (1877) Anchor Line.

Built by Barrow Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., Barrow-in-Furnace.
Tonnage: 4,270. Dimensions: 400' x 42'. Single-screw, 14
knots. Three masts and one funnel. Broken up by ship-
breakers at Hamburg in 1899.

Devonian (1900) Leyland Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
10,418. Dimensions: 552' x 59'. Twin-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Torpedoed and sunk 20 miles
from Tory Island on August 21, 1917, with the loss of two
lives. Sister ship: Winifredian.

Dominion (1874) Dominion Line.

Built at Dumbarton, Scotland. Tonnage: 3,175. Dimen-
sions: 335' x 38'. Single-screw, 11 knots. Three masts and
one funnel.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

78

Dominion (1894) Dominion Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
7,036. Dimensions: 445' x 50'. Twin-screw. Four masts
and one funnel. Ex-Prussia. Scrapped in 1922.

Donau (1868) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
3,073. Dimensions: 347' x 40'. Single-screw, 14 knots.

Doric (1923) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
16,484. Dimensions: 575' x 67'. Twin-screw, 17 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Note: Used chiefly on Mon-
treal-Liverpool route. On September 5, 1935 she collided
with French steamer Formigny during a dense fog off the
coast of Portugal. The Doric at once commenced to list,
but was able to make the port of Vigo and undergo temporary
repairs. On the 7th of October one month later she left Til-
bury dock bound for the scrapper's yard where the work of
reducing her to junk took almost a full year.

Dresden (1889) North German Lloyd.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 4,580. Dimensions: 390' x 46'. Single-
screw, 13 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Note: Sunk
by the Russians during the first year of World War I. Re-
named: (a) Helius, (b) Bezzm-y-Alem. Sister ship:
Munchen.

Dresden (1914) North German Lloyd.

Built by Bremer Vulcan Co., Vegesack, Germany. Tonnage:
14,690. Dimensions: 550' x 67'. Twin-screw, 15 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Note: Launched as the Zep-
pelin in June, 1914, but completion was suspended till after
the war. Finally completed in 1920 and turned over to the
British. Sold to the Orient Line and used in that service
under the name Ormuz. In 1927 she was resold to her
former owners the North German Lloyd and given the name
Dresden. On June 20, 1934 while on a cruise to the Nor-
wegian Fjords with approximately 1,000 passengers aboard,
she struck a submerged hulk in the thick log which prevailed
and became a total wreck. During the launching of life
boats four lives were lost.

*Drottningholm (1905) Swedish- American Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 11,165. Dimensions: 517' x 60'. Triple-

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

79

screw, 17 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Virginian.
Note: Used as a repatriation ship during World War II. Re-
ported sold to the Cosulich Line and to be renamed Brazil.

Ducad'Aosta (1908) Navigazione Generale Italiana.

Built by Cant. Nav. Siciliani, Palermo, Italy. Tonnage:
7,804. Dimensions: 476' x 53'. Twin-screw, 16 J/£ knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Note: Made final voyage to
New York in 1921. Transferred to the South American
route. Scrapped in 1929. Sister ship: Duca di Geneva.

Duca Degli Abruzzi (1907) Navigazione Generale Italiana.
Built by Cant. Nav. Riuniti, Spezia, Italy. Tonnage: 7,838.
Dimensions: 475' x 53'. Twin-screw, 16^ knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Note: Made final voyage to New
York in 1922. Transferred to the South American route.
Scrapped in 1929. Sister ship: Principe Umberto.

Duca di Galliera (1883) La Veloce Line.

Built by Robert Napier & Sons, Glasgow. Tonnage: 4,304.
Dimensions: 400' x 44'. Single-screw, 14}/6 knots. Ex-
Oaxaca. Sister ship: Duchessa di Genova.

Duca di Genova (1907) Navigazione Generale Italiana.

Built by Cant. Nav. Riuniti, Spezia, Italy. Tonnage: 7,811.
Dimensions: 475' x 53'. Twin-screw, 16^ knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Sister ship: Duca d' Aosta. Made final
voyage to New York in 1916. Removed from register in
1918.

Duchess of Athol (1928) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Wm. Beardmore & Co., Ltd., Glasgow, Scotland.
Tonnage: 20,119. Dimensions: 581' x 75'. Twin-screw, 18
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Torpedoed and sunk
in 1942. Sister ships: Duchess of Bedford, Duchess of
Richmond and Duchess of York. Note: A very fine class
of cabin liners.

*Duchess of Bedford (1928) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 20,123. Dimensions: 581' x 75'. Twin-screw, 18
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: Renamed Em-
press of India in 1946. Sister ships: Duchess of Athol,
Duchess of Richmond and Duchess of York.

*Duchess of Richmond (1928) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 20,022. Dimensions: 581' x 75'. Twin-screw, 18

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

80

knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: Renamed Em-
press of Canada in 1946. Sister ships: Duchess of At hoi,
Duchess of Bedford and Duchess of York.

Duchess of York (1929) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 20,021. Dimensions: 581' x 75'. Twin-screw, 18
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Sunk by high flying
Focke Wolfe bombers in the Atlantic, off the Spanish coast,
during the second World War. Sister ships: Duchess of
Athol, Duchess of Bedford, and Duchess of Richmond.

Duchessa di Genoa (1884) La Veloce Line.

Built by Robert Napier & Sons, Glasgow. Tonnage: 4,304.
Dimensions: 400' x 44'. Single-screw, 14)^ knots. Ex-
Mexico. Sister ship: Duca di Galliera.

Duilio (1923) Navigazione Generale Italiana.

Built by G. Ansaldo & Co., Sestri, Ponente, Italy. Tonnage:
24,281. Dimensions: 602' x 76'. Quadruple-screw, 19 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Note : Put on the Italian-South
African service in 1933. Sunk while attempting to escape
from Allied forces in the closing days of the Italian invasion.
Sister ship: Giulio Cesare.

Dwinsk (1897) Russian- American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
8,500. Dimensions: 469' x 53'. Twin-screw, 15 knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Ex-C. F. Tietgen, ex-Rotterdam.
Torpedoed and sunk 400 miles from Bermuda on June 18,
1918, with the loss of 34 lives.

Edam (1878) Holland- American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
3,329. Dimensions: 389' x 37'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Ex-Rotterdam, ex British
Empire. In collision off Isle of Wight in September, 1895,
with no loss of life.

*Edam (1921) Holland- American Line.

Built by De Schelde, Netherlands. Tonnage: 8,871. Di-
mensions: 450' x 58'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Two masts
and one funnel. Sister ships: Leerdam, Maasdam and
Spaarndam. Note: These four sister ships originally had
two funnels, but one was removed at a later date.

Edison (1896) Byron Steamship Co. (Greek Line).

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 11,103.
Dimensions: 523' x 60'. Twin-screw, 15 knots. Two masts

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

81

and two funnels. Ex-Omar, ex-Koningin Luise. Broken
up by shipbreakers after being sold to Italy in 1935.

Egypt (1871) National Line.

Built by Liverpool Shipbuilding Co. Tonnage: 4,670. Di-
mensions: 440' x 43'. Single-screw, 12 knots. Four masts
and two funnels. She frequently made voyage from Queens-
town to Sandy Hook in nine days. Later listed as of 5,089
tons gross. Burnt at sea on July 19, 1890 with no loss of
life. Note: Her running mate was the Spain.

Eider (1884) North German Lloyd.

Built by John Elder & Co., Glasgow. Tonnage: 4,719. Di-
mensions: 430' x 47'. Single-screw, 17 knots. Four masts
and two funnels. Lost by stranding on the Isle of Wight on
January 31, 1892 with no loss of life. Sister ship: Ems.

Eisenach (1908) North German Lloyd.

Built by Bremer Vulcan Co., Vegesack, Germany. Tonnage:
6,757. Dimensions: 419' x 54'. Single-screw, 12 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: Santarem. Sister
ship: Coburg.

Elbe (1881) North German Lloyd.

Built by John Elder & Co., Glasgow. Tonnage: 4,897. Di-
mensions: 418' x 44'. Single screw, 17 knots. Four masts
and two funnels. Note: She was the first ship built of a new
class of express liners for the North German Lloyd. Sunk by
collision with the British steamer Crathie in the North Sea
on January 30, 1895, with the loss of 335 lives. The ship
went down a few minutes after being struck.

*Empress of Australia (1914) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 21,833.
Dimensions: 588' x 75'. Twin-screw, 19 knots. Two masts
and three funnels. Ex-Tirpitz. Note: Construction work
on this ship was held up during the first part of World War I,
but in 1916 the Kaiser ordered her to be completed as a royal
yacht in which to receive the Allied naval fleets in the event
the Germans were victorious. However, such not being the
case, she was ceded to Great Britain in 1919, and in 1922
sold to the Canadian Pacific Line and refitted by John Brown
& Company at Clydebank. In 1925 her original quadruple
expansion engines were replaced by steam turbines at the
Fairfield Shipbuilding Company.

Empress of Britain (1906) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 14,189. Dimensions: 548' x 65'. Twin-

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

82

screw, 20 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: Has
made the Liverpool-Halifax run in 5 days, 18 hours and 18
minutes. After being used for war service by the British
Admiralty she was reconditioned in 1919 and converted to
oil burning fuel. In 1923 was changed from a first-class liner
into, cabin-class. Renamed: Montroyal. Sister ship:
Empress of Ireland.

Empress of Britain (1931) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 42,348. Dimensions: 733' x 97'. Quadruple-screw,
24 knots. Two masts and three funnels. Note: Launched
on June 11, 1930. Cost about $15,000,000 to build. From
her water line to top of masts measured 208 feet. Made her
first World cruise in 1933. Has made the run between
Southampton and Canada at the average speed of 25.08
knots. She had accommodations for 423 first-class, 260
tourist-class and 470 third-class passengers. Largest ship
built for the Canadian service. Sunk off Ireland by German
aircraft in October, 1940, and was the largest Allied liner
lost in World War II.

Empress of Canada (1922) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 21,517. Dimensions: 627' x 77'. Twin-
screw, 20 knots. Two masts and three funnels. Note: Used
for only a short time on the Atlantic, as she was built for the
trans-pacific service, between Vancouver and Hong Kong.
She was torpedoed and sunk in 1943.

*Empress of Canada (1928) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 20,022. Dimensions: 581' x 75'. Twin-screw, 18
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Duchess of Rich-
mond.

Empress of France (1913) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Wm. Beardmore & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
18,357. Dimensions: 571' x 72'. Quadruple-screw, 19^ knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Alsatian. Scrapped in
1935.

Empress of India (1908) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Tecklenborg & Co., Geestemunde, Germany. Ton-
nage: 16,992. Dimensions: 590' x 68'. Twin-screw, 17
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Prinz Friedrich
Wilhelm. Renamed: (a) Montlaurier, (b) Montnairn.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

83

*Empress of India (1928) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 20,123. Dimensions: 581' x 75'. Twin-screw, 18
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Duchess of
Bedford.

Empress of Ireland (1906) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 14,191. Dimensions: 548' x 65'. Twin-
screw, 19 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Had accom-
modations for 310 first-class, 470 second-class and 770 third-
class passengers. Sunk as a result of being in collision with
the Danish collier Starstad during the thick fog that pre-
vailed on the St. Lawrence River on May 29, 1914, and went
down within 15 minutes, with the loss of 1,024 lives. Sister
ship : Empress of Britain.

Empress of Scotland (1905) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 25,160.
Dimensions: 677' x 77'. Twin-screw, 18 knots. Four masts
and two funnels. Ex-Kaiserin Auguste Victoria. Note:
Ceded to Great Britain by the Peace Treaty in 1919. Sold
to the Canadian Pacific Line in 1921 and reconditioned for
their services. Accommodated 459 first-class, 478 second-
class and 536 third-class passengers. Broken up by ship-
breakers in 1934.

Ems (1884) North German Lloyd.

Built by John Elder & Co., Glasgow. Tonnage: 4,933. Di-
mensions: 430' x 47'. Single-screw, 16 knots. Four masts
and two funnels. Note: Had two of her four original masts
removed at a later date. Renamed: Lake Simcoe. Sister
ship: Eider.

England (1865) National Line.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 3,440. Dimensions: 355' x
42'. Single-screw, 12 knots. Three masts and one funnel.
Note: Later lengthened and tonnage increased to 4,900 tons
gross. Made final voyage to New York in 1892.

Erin (1864) National Line.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 3,319. Dimensions: 418' x
41'. Single-screw, 12^ knots. Three masts and one funnel.
Note: She was later lengthened and tonnage increased to
4,577 tons gross. Commenced voyage from New York on
December 31, 1889, with 72 people on board and was never
heard of again.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

84

Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand (1899) Lloyd Austriaco.

Built by Lloyd Austriaco at Trieste. Tonnage: 6,044. Di-
mensions: 426' x 51'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Two masts
and one funnel.

Espagne (1909) French Line.

Built by Chantier et Atliers de Provence, Port de Bouc,
France. Tonnage: 11,155. Dimensions: 539' x 60'. Twin-
screw, 15^ knots. Two masts and two funnels. Scrapped
in 1934.

Estonia (1889) Russian- American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
4,250. Dimensions: 400' x 45'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Ex- Yorkshire (Former Bibby
liner).

Estonia (1912) East Asiatic Co. (Danish).

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
6,516. Dimensions: 425' x 53'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Ex-Czar. Renamed: Pulaski.
Note: Later taken over and operated by the Gydnia- Ameri-
can Line (Polish).

Ethiopia (1873) Anchor Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 4,005. Dimensions: 402' x 40'. Single-
screw, 13 knots. Three masts and one funnel. Made final
voyage to New York in 1907.

Etruria (1884) Cunard > Line.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 8,127. Dimensions: 501' x 57'. Single
screw, 19^ knots. Three masts and two funnels. Note:
Taken off the Cunard service in 1909 and broken up by ship-
breakers at Preston the same year. Sister ship: Umbria.

Eugenia (1906) Unione Austriaca (Austro- American Line).
Built by Russell & Co., Ltd., Port Glasgow, Scotland. Ton-
nage: 4,903. Dimensions: 385' x 49'. Single-screw, 13
knots. Torpedoed and sunk in 1916.

Europa (1847) Cunard Line.

Built by John Wood at Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
1,989. Dimensions: 251' x 38'. Paddle-wheels, 10M knots.
Three masts and one funnel. Note: The Cunard Line sold
her in 1867. She was lengthened by her new owners and
used in their service for some time. Sister ships: America,
Canada and Niagara.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

85

Europa (1907) Fabre Line.

Built by Russell & Co., Ltd., Port Glasgow, Scotland. Ton-
nage: 6,122. Dimensions: 415' x 49'. Twin-screw, 16 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Ex- Laura. Renamed: Braga.

Europa (1907) La Veloce Line.

Built by Cantieri Nav. Siciliani, Palermo, Italy. Tonnage:
7,870. Dimensions: 454' x 53'. Twin-screw, 15 knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Scrapped in 1928.

Europa (1930) North German Lloyd.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 49,746. Di-
mensions: 890' x 102'. Quadruple-screw, 28 knots. Two
masts and two funnels. From her keel to top of masts
measured 236 feet. At one time carried an aeroplane that
was launched from the ship by a special catapult. Remained
tied up in German harbor throughout World War II. After-
wards was used first as a troopship to bring back soldiers to
the United States and finally turned over to the French Line
in 1946, and renamed Liberte. While being reconditioned
at Havre for their Atlantic trade she was torn from her
moorings during a severe gale in December, 1946, and sus-
tained serious damage when she crashed into the sunken
hulk of the former French liner Paris. This probably will
delay her being used on the Atlantic Ferry for another year.
Note: The Europa was the largest ship to pass through the
Panama Canal. Sister ship: Bremen.

Europe (1864) French Line.

Built at Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage: 3,443. Dimensions:
350' x 42'. Paddle-wheels. Note: In 1873 was lengthened
and altered to screw propulsion. Tonnage increased to
5,333 tons gross. She was abandoned at sea on April 4, 1874,
while bound to New York from Havre. AH on board were
saved.

European (1866) Allan Line.

Built by Malcolmson Bros., Waterford, Ireland. Tonnage:
2,708. Dimensions: 326' x 36'. Single-screw. Note: She
was launched as the William Penn but later was purchased
by the Allan Line and renamed European. In this service
she remained for a brief period as she was resold. In 1876
she broke in two, but was repaired and lengthened. She was
finally lost through being stranded in 1877.

Evangeline (1900) Furness Withy Co.

British built. Tonnage: 3,944. Dimensions: 371' x 45'.
Single-screw, 14 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Re-

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

86

named: Tennyson. Sister ship: Loyalist. Note: These
small steamers with their clipper stems were used as pas-
senger carriers between Liverpool, Halifax and St. John,
Newfoundland. They were engaged in this service but a
short time and were then sold to the Lamport & Holt Line.

Excalibur (1930) American Export Line.

Built by New York Shipbuilding Corp., Camden, N. J.
Tonnage: 9,359. Dimensions: 450' x 61'. Single-screw, 16
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: Joseph
Hewes. Note: Torpedoed by enemy submarine off the coast
of Morocco November 11, 1942, during the North African
invasion. Sister ships: Excambion, Exochorde and
Exeter.

Excambion (1931) American Export Line.

Built by New York Shipbuilding Corp., Camden, N. J.
Tonnage: 9,360. Dimensions: 450' x 61'. Single-screw, 16
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: John Penn.
Note: Sunk by the Japanese off Guadacanal on August 13,
1943. Sister ships: Exeter, Excalibur and Exochorde.

Exeter (1931) American Export Line.

Built by New York Shipbuilding Corp., Camden, N. J.
Tonnage: 9,360. Dimensions: 450' x 61'. Single-screw, 16
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: Edward
Rutledge. Note: Torpedoed by submarine off coast of
Morocco November 12, 1942, during North African invasion.
Sister ships: Excambion, Exochorde and Excalibur.

Exochorde (1931) American Export Line.

Built by New York Shipbuilding Corp., Camden, N. J.
Tonnage: 9,359. Dimensions: 450' x 61'. Single-screw, 16
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Renamed *Harry Lee
(U. S. Navy). Sister ships: Excambion, Exeter and
Excalibur.

Ferdinand de Lesseps (1875) French Line.

Built by A. & J. Inglis Co., Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,920. Dimensions: 350' x 38'. Single-screw, 12 knots. Ex-
Stad Haarlem.

Finland (1902) Red Star Line.

Built by Wm. Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding & Engineering
Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Tonnage: 12,188. Dimensions: 560'
x 60'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Note: Later owned and oper-
ated by the Panama-Pacific Line. Scrapped in 1927. Sister
ships: Kroonland, Vaterland and Zeeland.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

87

Flandre (1914) French Line.

Built at Penhoet, St. Nazaire, France. Tonnage: 8,503.
Dimensions: 464' x 57'. Quadruple-screw, 17 knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Note: Generally used on the West
Indies and Central American trade.

Flavia (1902) Cunard Line.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 9,291. Dimensions: 470' x
56'. Twin-screw, 12^ knots. Four masts and one funnel.
Ex-Campanello, ex-Campania, ex-British Empire. Tor-
pedoed and sunk on August 24, 1918.

Florida (1905) Lloyd Italiano.

Built by Societa Esercizio Bacini, Genoa, Italy. Tonnage:
5,018. Dimensions: 381 'x 47'. Twin-screw, 14 knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Note: This ship rammed the White
Star liner Republic on January 23, 1909, just south of
Martha's Vineyard while navigating in a dense fog. The
Republic sank quite rapidly, but the Italian liner was able
to rescue most of the survivors. However, four of the pas-
sengers on board the Republic were crushed to death in their
cabins by the bow of the Florida. This tragedy marked the
first occasion upon which the wireless was put to practical
use in summoning aid for ships in distress. The S.O.S. was
answered by no fewer than five liners which steamed im-
mediately to the assistance of the stricken vessel. These
were the Baltic, Furnessia, Lucania, La Lorraine and
New York. The survivors of the Republic were transferred
from the Florida to the Baltic. The severely damaged
Florida had thirty feet of her bow doubled up into a space
of five feet. The collision bulkhead withstood the blow and
thus prevented the ship from sinking. She was able to steam
into New York harbor and later had her crushed bow re-
placed by a new one. The Morse Drydock and Repair
Company of Brooklyn doing the work within 24 days for the
sum of $39,500. Made final voyage to New York in 1910.
Sister ships: Indiana, Luisiana and Virginia.

Folia (1907) Cunard Line.

Built by Sir James Laing and Sons, Ltd., Sunderland,
England. Tonnage: 6,365. Dimensions: 430' x 52'. Twin-
screw, 14 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Princi-
pello, ex-Principe di Piemonte. Note: Torpedoed and
sunk four miles from Ram Head, Yougal, on March 11, 1917,
with the loss of 7 lives.

Denotes ship still in service under same name.

88

France (1867) National Line.

Built at Liverpool, England. Tonnage: 4,281. Dimensions:
385' x 42'. Single-screw, 12^ knots. Three masts and one
funnel. Note: Her original tonnage was 3,572 tons gross but
had been lengthened. Made final voyage to New York in
1893. Sister ships: England and Denmark.

France (1912) French Line.

Built by Chantiers et Ateliers de St. Nazaire, France. Ton-
nage: 23,769. Dimensions: 690' x 75'. Quadruple-screw,
23 y^. knots. Two masts and four funnels. Note: Laid down
in February, 1909, and was launched on September 20, 1910.
Commenced her maiden voyage from Havre to New York
on August 20, 1912. Has made the run between those two
ports in 5 days and 17 hours. She was used by the French
Navy in World War I as the France IV and later employed
as a hospital ship. Her final use during the war was that of
a troopship. Returned to the passenger trade in August,
1919. Laid up in September, 1932, and sold to French ship-
breakers in November, 1934.

Francesca (1905) Unione Austriaca (Austro- American Line).
Built by Russell & Co., Ltd., Port Glasgow, Scotland. Ton-
nage: 4,996. Dimensions: 359' x 48'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Sister ship: Carolina.

Franconia (1911) Cunard Line.

Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., Wall-
send-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 18,150. Dimensions:
600' x 71'. Twin-screw, 16^ knots. Two masts and two
funnels. Note: Torpedoed and sunk 195 miles from Malta
on October 4, 1916, with the loss of 12 lives. Sister ship:
Laconia. These two ships were built as improvements for
the Liverpool-Boston trade.

*Francpnia (1923) Cunard Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 20,175. Dimensions: 601' x 73'. Twin-screw, 17
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Note: Had been used
frequently on cruises prior to the war. Sister ship: Ca-
rinthia.

Frankfurt (1869) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,582. Dimensions: 311' x 39'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Note: One of a large class of similar ships built for the North
German Lloyd. In 1896 she was sold to Newcastle owners,

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

89

who resold her that same year to Spezia ship owners and
employed in their service as a coal carrier. Broken up in
Italy by shipbreakers.

Frankfurt (1899) North German Lloyd.

Built by Tecklenborg & Co., Geestemunde, Germany. Ton-
nage: 7,431. Dimensions: 429' x 54'. Twin-screw, 13 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Sister ship: Koln.

Franklin (1848) New York and Havre Steam Navigation Co.
Built by Westervelt & McKay, New York. Tonnage: 2,400.
Dimensions: 263' x 41'. Paddle-wheels. Commenced first
voyage in 1850. Made the eastward passage in 12 days, and
10 hours. Wrecked on Long Island on July 17, 1854, with no
loss of life.

Frederik VIII (1913) Scandinavian- American Line.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 11,850.
Dimensions: 523' x 62'. Twin-screw, 17 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Scrapped in 1937.

Friedrich der Grosse (1896) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 10,771.
Dimensions: 523' x 60'. Twin-screw, 15 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Renamed: Huron. Sister ship: Konigin
Luise.

Friesland (1889) Red Star Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage: 6,409.
Dimensions: 437' x 51'. Single-screw, 15 knots. Four masts
and one funnel. Scrapped in 1912.

Frisia (1872) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
3,500. Dimensions: 364' x 42'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Accommodations for 102 first-
class, 136 second-class and 620 steerage passengers.

Fulda (1882) North German Lloyd.

Built by John Elder & Co., Glasgow. Tonnage: 4,814. Di-
mensions: 438' x 46'. Single-screw, 17% knots. Four masts
and two funnels. Broken up by shipbreakers in 1899 after
sustaining serious damage while in drydock. Sister ship:
Werra.

Fulda (1924) North German Lloyd.

Built by Weser Shipbuilding Yard, Bremen, Germany.
Motorship. Tonnage: 9,492. Dimensions : 458' x 57'. Twin-
screw, 13 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Note: Later
was converted into a freighter and tonnage reduced to 7,744
tons gross. Sister ships: Werra and Weser.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

90

Furnessia (1880) Anchor Line.

Built by Barrow Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., Barrow-in-Furnace,
England. Tonnage: 5,495. Dimensions: 445' x 44'. Single-
screw, 14 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Note: Later
was altered by having two funnels installed and thus re-
placing her original single one. Made final voyage to New
York in 1911.

Furst Bismark (1890) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 8,874.
Dimensions: 504' x 57'. Twin-screw, 19 Y2 knots. Two
masts and three funnels. Renamed: (a) Don, (b) Moskva,
(c) Gaa, (d) San Giusto. Scrapped in 1924. Sister ship:
Normannia. Note: These sister ships were very similar to
the Columbia and Auguste Victoria.

Furst Bismarck (1905) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 8,330. Dimensions: 469' x 55'. Twin-
screw, 14^ knots. Two masts and one funnel. Renamed:
(a) Friedrichsruh, (b) Amboise.

Gallia (1878) Cunard Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage: 4,809.
Dimensions: 430' x 44'. Single-screw, 16 knots. Three
masts and one funnel. Note: Cost about $775,000 to build.
In the fall of 1897 was sold for the Canadian service of D.
and C. Maclver's Beaver Line. Wrecked in 1898.

Garibaldi (1906) Transatlantica Italiana.

Built by Soc. Esercizio Bacini, Riva Trigoso, Italy. Ton-
nage: 5,185. Dimensions: 381' x 48'. Twin-screw, 14j/£
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Virginia. Note:
Later used in the service of the Tirrenia Line.

Geiser (1881) Thingvalla Line.

Built at Copenhagen, Denmark. Tonnage: 2,831. Di-
mensions: 324' x 39'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Sunk as a
result of collision off Sable Island on August 14, 1888. There
was a loss of 119 lives.

Gellert (1874) Eagle Line. (Hamburg, Germany.)

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 3,533. Dimensions: 374' x 40'. Single-
screw, 14 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: Taken
over and operated by the Hamburg-American Line. Made
final voyage to New York in 1894. Sister ships: Lessing,
Wieland and Herder.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

91

General Artigas (1923) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Howaldtswerke, Germany. Tonnage: 11,343. Di-
mensions: 473' x 59. Single-screw, 12 1^ knots. Two masts
and one funnel. Ex- Westphalia. Note: Transferred to the
Hamburg-South American Line. Sister ship: General San
Martin.

*General Osorio (1929) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Bremer Vulcan Co., Vegesack, Germany. Tonnage:
11,590.' Dimensions: 492' x 65'. Twin-screw, 15 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Motorship. Note: Transferred
to the Hamburg-South American Line. Originally used on
the Central American trade.

General San Martin (1922) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Howaldtswerke, Germany. Tonnage: 11,343. Di-
mensions: 473' x 60'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Two masts
and one funnel. Ex-Thuringia. Note: Transferred to the
Hamburg-South American Line. Sister ship: General
Artigas.

General Von Steuben (1922) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 14,690.
Dimensions: 526' x 65'. Twin-screw, 17 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Ex-Muenchen. Renamed: Steuben.
Note: The Muenchen was rebuilt at Bremen in 1931 after
having been gutted by fire at her New York pier. She was
renamed General Von Steuben and put back on the At-
lantic service, no longer resembling her former appearance.

*George Washington (1908) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 25,570.
Dimensions: 699' x 78'. Twin-screw, 19 knots. Four masts
and two funnels. Note: The height of her highest masts
measured 193^ feet above the keel. Used as an American
troopship during the first World War. Later was sold to the
United States Lines and reconditioned for their Atlantic
service. Her gross tonnage was reduced to 23,788 tons gross.
Laid up in 1931. Brought put of retirement early in 1941
and turned over to the British. She was renamed Catlin.
After one trip to Newfoundland was returned to the United
States Government and reconditioned at a cost of $11,000-
000. Her two funnels were replaced by one. Used as a
troopship during World War II. She is now laid up at a
New Jersey port.

Georgia (1908) Unione Austriaca (Austro- American Line).
Built by Russell & Co., Ltd., Port Glasgow. Tonnage:
5,380. Dimensions: 400' x 52'. Single-screw, 13 knots.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

92

Two masts and one funnel. Note: Taken over by the Cosu-
lich Line after World War I. Sister ship: Columbia.

*Georgic (1895) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
10,077. Dimensions: 558' x 60'. Twin-screw, 13 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Captured and sunk by the
German raider Mowe when 590 miles from Cape Race on
December 10, 1916.

Georgic (1932) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
27,759. Dimensions: 683' x 82'. Twin-screw, 18 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Motorship. Keel laid on No-
vember 29, 1929. Launched on November 12, 1931. Com-
menced maiden voyage from Liverpool on June 25, 1932.
In 1933 made a crossing at the average speed of 18.43 knots.
Transferred to the London-New York route in April, 1935.
Sister ship: Britannic. Note: These sister ships were trans-
ferred to the Cunard White Star Limited.

Gera (1890) North German Lloyd.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 5,005. Dimensions: 413' x 47'. Single-
screw, 13 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Sister ships:
Darmstadt, Karlesruhe, Oldenburg and Stuttgart.
Made final voyage to New York in 1909.

Gerania (1909) Gerania Steamship Co. (Austrian).

Built by Northumberland Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., New-
castle, England. Tonnage: 4,940. Dimensions: 390' x 52'.
Single-screw, 11 knots. Note: An emigrant carrier.

Germania (1903) Fabre Line.

Built by Ch. & Atel de Provence, Port de Bouc, France.

Tonnage: 5,103. Dimensions: 407' x 46'. Single-screw, 14

knots. Two masts and two funnels. Renamed: Britania.

Made final trip to New York in 1912, as the Germania.
Germanic (1874) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:

5,000. Dimensions: 455' x 45'. Single-screw, 16 knots.

Four masts and two funnels. Renamed: (a) Ottawa, (b)

Gulcemal. Sister ship: Britannic.

Gerolstein (1904) Bernstein Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
7,772. Dimensions: 453' x 56'. Twin-screw, 13^ knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Mamari.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

93

Gerona (1911) Thomson Line.

Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., Wall-
send-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 9,111. Dimensions:
466' x 56'. Twin-screw, 14 knots. Two masts and two
funnels. Renamed: Ascania.

Gerty (1903) Unione Austriaca (Austro- American Line).

Built by J. Readhead & Sons, South Shields, England. Ton-
nage: 4,212. Dimensions: 346' x 45'. Single-screw. 12 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Sister ship: Giulia.

Giulia (1904) Unione Austriaca (Austro- American Line).
Built by Russell & Co., Ltd., Port Glasgow, Scotland. Ton-
nage: 4,337. Dimensions: 346' x 45'. Single-screw, 12 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Sister ship: Gerty.

Giulio Cesare (1920) Navigazione Generale Italiana.

Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., Wall-
send-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 21,657. Dimensions:
602' x 76'. Triple-screw, 191A knots. Two masts and two
funnels. Note: Transferred to the Italia Line. In Novem-
ber, 1933, was reconditioned and put on the Italy and South
Africa service. Capsized at Trieste in May, 1945. Sister
ship: Duilio.

Giuseppe Verdi (1915) Transatlantica Italiana.

Built by Soc. Esercizio Bacini, Riva Trigosa, Italy. Ton-
nage: 9,760. Dimensions: 505' x 59'. Twin-screw, 16 Y2
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Renamed: Yamato
Maru.

Gneisenau (1903) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 8,081.
Dimensions : 442' x 55'. Twin-screw, 13 3^ knots. Two masts
and one funnel. Renamed: Citta di Genova. Sister ships:
Roon and Scharnhorst.

Goeben (1906) North German Lloyd.

Built by the Weser Shipbuilding Yard, Bremen. Tonnage:
8,792. Dimensions: 474' x 56'. Twin-screw, 14 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: Roussillon. Scrapped
in 1931. Sister ship: Kleist.

Gothic (1893) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
7,755. Dimensions: 490' x 53'. Twin-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Renamed: Gothland.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

94

Gothland (1893) Red Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
7,669. Dimensions: 490' x 53'. Twin-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Ex-Gothic. Scrapped in 1927.

Graf Bismarck (1871) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,406. Dimensions: 315' x 40'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Made final voyage to New York in 1890.

Graf Waldersee (1898) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 13,102. Di-
mensions: 561' x 62'. Twin-screw, 13^ knots. Four masts
and one funnel. Scrapped in 1921 while under British owner-
ship. Sister ships: Patricia, Pennsylvania and Pretoria.

Grampian (1907) Allan Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 10,920. Dimensions: 485' x 60'. Twin-
screw, 15 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Note: Later
was taken over by the Canadian Pacific Line and operated
by them under her original name. Sister ships: Corsican
and Hesperian. Scrapped in 1926.

Great Britain (1843) Great Western Steamship Co.

Built at Bristol, England. Tonnage: 3,270. Dimensions:
274' x 48'. Single- screw, 11 knots. Six masts and one funnel.
Note: She was the first Atlantic screw steamer and also first
Atlantic ship to be built of iron. As originally rigged she had
six masts and one funnel, later this was altered into a four
masted two funnelled ship. In 1890, was converted into a
hulk at the Falkland Islands.

Great Eastern (1858) Great Eastern Steamship Co.

Built by Scott, Russell & Co., Millwall, London. Tonnage:
18,915. Dimensions: 680' x 82'. Paddle-wheels and a single
screw. Speed 13 knots. Six masts and five funnels. Note:
Launched in 1858. She was to have been called the Levia-
than, but was christened the Great Eastern. The cost of
launching the ship exhausted the owner's funds, and she lay
unfinished for a year. A new company was formed and they
had her completed in September, 1859. Her building cost
amounted to about $5,000,000. Commenced her maiden
voyage for New York on June 17, 1860. Her employment as
an Atlantic liner was of short duration. Later was used to
lay the Atlantic cable. Broken up by shipbreakers in 1891.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

95

Great Western (1838) Great Western Steamship Co.

Built at Bristol, England. Tonnage: 1,340. Dimensions:
212' x 35'. Paddle-wheels, 8^ knots. Four masts and one
funnel. Scrapped in 1856.

Grecian Monarch (1882) The Monarch Line.

Built by Earle's Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Hull, England. Tonnage: 4,364. Dimensions: 381' x 43'.
Single-screw. Two masts and one funnel. Sold to the Allan
Line in 1887 and renamed Pomeranian. Destroyed by
enemy action on April 16, 1918.

Greece (1863) National Line.

Built at Jarrow-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 4,310. Di-
mensions: 390' x 41'. Single-screw, 12 knots. Three masts
and one funnel. Ex- Virginia. Made final voyage to New
York in 1892.

*Gripsholm (1925) Swedish-American Line.

Built by Sir W. G. Armstrong, Whitworth & Co., Ltd., New-
castle-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage, 17,716. Dimensions:
553' x 74'. Twin-screw, 17 knots. Two masts and two
funnels. Note: Has the distinction of being the first Atlantic
liner with Diesel engines. Became famous as a repatriation
ship during World War II.

Grosser Kurfurst (1899) North German Lloyd.

Built by F. Schichau, Danzig, Germany. Tonnage: 13,245.
Dimensions: 560' x 62'. Twin-screw, 152/j knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Renamed: (a) Aeolus, (b) City of
Los Angeles.

Guadeloupe (1906) French Line.

Built at Penhoet, St. Nazaire, France. Tonnage: 6,600.
Dimensions: 432' x 52'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Note: She was captured and sunk by the
famed merchant cruiser Kronprinz Wilhelm on February
23, 1915. Sister ship: Perou.

Guglielmo Pierce (1907) Sicula Americana Line. (Italian)
Built in Germany. Tonnage: 8,512. Dimensions: 448' x
55'. Twin-screw, 12 % knots. Two masts and one funnel.
Ex-Corcovado, ex-Sueh, ex-Corcovado. Renamed: (a)
Maria Christina, (b) Mouzinho.

Gulcemal (1874) Turkish owners.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
5,122. Dimensions: 455' x 45'. Single-screw, 15 knots.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

96

Four masts and two funnels. Ex-Ottawa, ex-Germanic.
Note: This very famous ship was disposed of during World
War II.

H. H. Meier (1892) North German Lloyd.

Built by Sir W. G. Armstrong, Whitworth & Co., Newcastle-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 5,140. Dimensions: 421' x
48'. Twin-screw, 13^ knots. Three masts and one funnel.
Renamed: *Manuel Calvo.

Habana (1872) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish Line).

Built by Oswald & Co., Sunderland, England. Tonnage:
2,678. Dimensions: 317' x 37'. Single-screw, 12 knots.
Ex-Ernst Moritz Arndt.

*Habana (1923) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish Line).
Built by Soc. Espanola de Construction Naval, Bilbao,
Spain. Tonnage: 10,551. Dimensions: 480' x 61'. Twin-
screw, 17 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Alfonso
XIII.

Habsburg (1875) North German Lloyd.

Built by Earle's Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Hull, England. Tonnage: 3,094. Dimensions: 351' x 39'.
Single-screw, 14 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Note:
Also used on the Australian trade. Made final voyage to
New York in 1895. Sister ship: Salier.

Haiti (1913) French Line.

Built in France. Tonnage: 6,288. Dimensions: 410' x 51'.
Twin-screw, 13 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note:
Chiefly used on the West Indies and Central American trade.
Renamed: *Marrakech.

Hamburg (1899) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 10,532.
Dimensions: 499' x 60'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Renamed: (a) Powhatan, (b) President
Fillmore, (c) New Rochelle, (d) Hudson. Sister ship:
Konig Albert.

Hamburg (1926) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 21,133. Di-
mensions: 602' x 72'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two masts and
two funnels. Note: In 1934 was altered by having a new
type of bow installed. Her length was increased to 645 feet
and tonnage to 22,117 tons gross. New engines gave her a
speed of 20 knots. Sister ship: New York. (These two
ships were very similar to the Albert Ballin and Deutsch-
land.)

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

97

Hammonia (1855) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,026. Single-screw. Note: This ship together with her
sister ship Borussia inaugurated regular steamship service
for the Hamburg- American Line. She was laid up in 1864.
In 1867 was sold to the Allan Line and renamed Belgian.
Later was sold to Gulf service owners and name changed to
Missouri. Wrecked in October, 1873. Sister ship: Borussia.

Hammonia (1867) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,964. Dimensions: 330' x 40'. Single-screw, 13^ knots.
Note: Sold to the Russian Volunteer Fleet in 1878 and re-
named Moskva. Wrecked on July 19, 1882 while on voyage
between Odessa and Hankow.

Hammonia (1882) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
4,247. Dimensions: 372' x 44'. Single-screw, 16 knots.
Three masts and two funnels. Renamed: Versailles.
Broken up by shipbreakers at Genoa in 1914.

Hannover (1869). North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,571. Dimensions: 311' x 39'. Single-screw.

Hannover (1899) North German Lloyd.

Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., New-
castle, England. Tonnage: 7,305. Dimensions: 429' x 54'.
Twin-screw, 123^ knots. Two masts and one funnel. Made
final voyage to New York in 1923.

Hansa (1861) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
3,325. Dimensions: 337' x 41'. Single screw. Note: Similar
to the America of 1863.

Hansa (1899) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 16,376.
Dimensions: 660' x 67'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two funnels
and two masts. Broken up by shipbreakers in 1925. Note:
As originally built she had four funnels. Ex-Victoria Luise,
ex-Deu t schland .

*Hansa (1923) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 20,815. Di-
mensions: 602' x 72'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Four masts
and two funnels. Note: Later lengthened to 648 feet and

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

98

tonnage increased to 21,131 tons gross. Her speed was in-
creased to 20 knots by new engines. Ex-Albert Ballin.
Sister ship: Deutschland.

Havel (1890) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 6,963.
Dimensions: 463' x 51'. Single-screw, 19 knots. Three
masts and two funnels. Note: She was sold to the Spanish
Government in 1898. Renamed: (a) Meteoro, (b) Alfonso
XII. Sister ship: Spree.

Haverford (1901) American Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 11,635. Dimensions: 531' x 59'. Twin-screw, 13
knots. Four masts and one funnel. Note: Made final At-
lantic voyage in 1924. Sister ship: Merion.

Hekla (1884) Thingvalla Line.

Built by Scott's Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage: 3,225. Dimensions: 330' x
41'. Single-screw, 13 1/2 knots. Three masts and one funnel.
Note: Made final voyage to New York in 1904.

Hellig Olav (1902) Scandinavian-American Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons., Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 9,939. Dimensions: 500' x 58'. Twin-screw,
16 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Scrapped in 1934.
Sister ships: Oscar II and United States.

Helvetia (1864) National Line.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 3,982. Dimensions: 371' x
41'. Single-screw, 12 knots. Note: Her tonnage was later
increased to 4,588 tons gross. In April, 1894, was abandoned
off Cape Finisterre and her passengers and crew landed at
Gibraltar.

Herder (1873) Eagle Line.

Built at Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage: 3,600. Dimensions:
375' x 40'. Single-screw, 14 knots. Two masts and one
funnel. Note: The ships of the Eagle Line were later taken
over by the Hamburg-American Line. The Herder was
wrecked near Cape Race on October 10, 1882.

Hermann (1847) Ocean Steam Navigation Company.

Built by Westervelt and MacKay of New York. Tonnage:
2,200. Dimensions: 241' x 40'. Paddle-wheels, 11 knots.
Three masts and one funnel. Sister ship: Washington.
Note: Used on the New York-Bremen route.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

99

Hermann (1865) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,873. Dimensions: 337' x 40'. Single-screw, 13 H knots.
Made final voyage to New York in 1893.

Hermann (1881) North German Lloyd.

Built by Schlesnger, Davis & Co., Newcastle, England. Ton-
nage: 2,243. Dimensions: 290'x 37'. Single-screw. Ex-
Mount's Bay.

Hesperian (1908) Allan Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 9,599. Dimensions: 485' x 60'. Twin-screw,
15 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Note : Torpedoed and
sunk 85 miles from Fastnet on September 4, 1915, with the
loss of 32 lives. Sister ships: Corsican and Grampian.

Hibernia (1843) Cunard Line.

Built by Robert Steele & Co., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
1,422. Dimensions: 219' x 35'. Paddle-wheels, 9 knots.
Three masts and one funnel. Note: Sold to the Spanish
Government in 1850. Sister ship: Cambria.

Hibernia (1865) Anchor Line.

Built at Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage: 1,615. Dimensions:
278' x 33'. Foundered on November 25, 1868, with the loss
of 66 lives.

Hibernian (1861) Allan Line.

Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 2,400. Dimensions: 280' x 37'. Single- screw,
12 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Note: She was
modernized in 1884, and lengthened to 351 feet, increasing
tonnage to 2,997 tons gross. Broken up by shipbreakers in
Germany during 1901. Sister ship: Norwegian. (These
two ships were the first Atlantic steamers built with "spar
decks" fore and aft, without bulwarks, an arrangement which
added to the safety of the ships and also to the comfort of
the passengers in bad weather).

Hohenstaufen (1874) North German Lloyd.

Built by Earle's Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Hull, England. Tonnage: 3,098. Dimensions: 353' x 39'.
Single-screw, 14 knots. Note: Used also on the Australian
route.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

100

Hohenzollern (1889) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 6,668.
Dimensions: 449' x 51'. Single-screw, 16 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Ex-Kaiser Wilhelm II. Wrecked on
Sardinia in 1908.

Holland (1858) National Line.

Built at Newcastle, England. Tonnage: 3,847. Dimensions:
395' x 40'. Single-screw, 12 knots. Three masts and one
funnel. Ex-Louisiana. Note: First Atlantic steamer with
compound engines. Scrapped in 1894.

Holsatia (1868) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
3,134. Dimensions: 341' x 40'. Single-screw, 13 ^ knots.

Homeric (1914) White Star Line.

Built by F. Schichau, Danzig, Germany. Tonnage: 34,356.
Dimensions: 751' x 83'. Twin-screw, 20 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Ex-Columbus. Note: Laid down as the

§ Columbus for the North German Lloyd. Construction was

held up during the first World War. In 1920 was completed
and turned over to the White Star Line. She was the largest
twin-screw ship built to date. Sold to W. Ward, Ltd.,
Sheffield for scrap on February 27, 1936. She was broken up
during the year.

Hudson (1858) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,674. Dimensions: 318' x 40'. Single-screw. Two masts
and two funnels. Sister ships: Bremen, New York and
Weser.

Hudson (1899) United States Government.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 9,699.
Dimensions: 499' x 60'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Ex-New Rochelle, ex-President Fill-
more, ex-Powhatan, ex-Hamburg. Scrapped in 1928.

Hudson (1904) French Line.

Built by Ch. & Atel de St. Nazaire. Tonnage: 5,558. Di-
mensions: 391' x 50'. Single screw. Two masts and one
funnel. Made final voyage to New York in 1915.

Hungarian (1858) Allan Line.

Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 2,190. Dimensions: 298' x 38'. Single- screw.
Three masts and one funnel. Note: She made a fast passage

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

101

from Quebec to Rock Light in 9 days, 6 hours and 35 minutes.
She was wrecked on Sable Island on February 20, 1860, with
the loss of 237 lives.

Iberia (1928) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by F. Schichau, Danzig, Germany. Tonnage: 9,829.
Dimensions: 460' x 60'. Quadruple-screw, 15 ^ knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Motorship. Note: Used on the
Hamburg-Central American route. Ex-Magdalena. Re-
named: *Pobeda (Russian).

Iberian (1867) Leyland Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
2,890. Dimensions: 390' x 37'. Single-screw. Stranded on
the south coast of Ireland on November 21, 1885, with no
loss of life.

Iberian (1900) Leyland Line.

Built by Sir James Laing and Sons, Ltd., Sunderland, Eng-
land. Tonnage: 5,223. Dimensions: 437' x 48'. Single-
screw, 12 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Captured and
sunk by an enemy submarine near Fastnet on July 30, 1915.

Ida (1906) Unione Austriaca (Austro- American Line).

Built by Russell & Co., Ltd., Port Glasgow, Scotland. Ton-
nage: 4,730. Dimensions: 370' x 49'. Single-screw, 12 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: Pulawski.

Idaho (1869) Guion Line.

Built at Jarrow-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 3,132. Di-
mensions: 360' x 43'. Single-screw, 14 knots. Two masts
and one funnel. Wrecked on the coast of Wexford on June
1, 1878, with no loss of life.

*Ile de France (1926) French Line.

Built at Penhoet, St. Nazaire, France. Tonnage: 43,153.
Dimensions: 763' x 92'. Quadruple-screw, 24 knots. Two
masts and three funnels. Note: Her Grand Foyer is four
decks high. Has accommodations for approximately 1,500
passengers and carries a crew of about 700 members. Always
a very popular ship. During the second World War she was
operated by both the P. & O. Line and the Cunard White
Star Line as a troop carrier. She was put back onto the
French Line's Atlantic trade in 1946.

*Iljitsch (1933) Sovtoraflot (Russian).

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 12,049. Di-
mensions: 497' x 65'. Twin-screw, 17 knots. Two masts and
one funnel. Motorship. Ex-Caribia.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

102

Illinois (1873) The American Line.

Built by Wm. Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding & Engineering Co.,
Philadelphia, Pa. Tonnage: 3,104. Dimensions: 360' x 42'.
Single-screw, 13 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Note:
Made a fast passage from Queenstown to Cape Henlopen in
8 days, 10 hours and 34 minutes in October, 1880. Renamed:
Supply (U. S. Government). Sister ships: Indiana, Ohio
and Pennsylvania. Scrapped in 1928.

Ilsenstein (1904) Bernstein Line.

Built by Workman, Clark & Co., Ltd., Belfast, Ireland.
Tonnage: 8,216. Dimensions: 447' x 56'. Twin-screw, 13
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Matatua.

Imperator (1912) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Vulkan Werkes, Hamburg, Germany. Tonnage:
52,226. Dimensions: 883' x 98'. Quadruple-screw, 23 knots.
Two masts and three funnels. Note: Launched on May 23,
1912. Commenced maiden voyage in 1913. After the War
she was ceded to Great Britain under treaty of Versailles.
Renamed: Berengaria. Note: She was very similar to the
Vaterland and Bismarck.

Imperatrice Eugenie (1864) French Line.

Built by Scott's Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.
Tonnage: 3,200. Dimensions: 343' x 43'. Paddle-wheels,
13 knots. Three masts and two funnels. Note: Later was
lengthened and converted to screw propulsion. Renamed:
Amerique.

Indian (1855) Allan Line.

Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 1,764. Dimensions: 270' x 40'. Single-screw, 11
knots. Wrecked near Cape Race on November 21, 1859,
with the loss of 27 lives. Sister ship: Canadian.

Indiana (1873) The American Line.

Built by Wm. Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding & Engineering
Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Tonnage: 3,104. Dimensions: 360'
x 42'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Two masts and one funnel.
Destroyed by fire at Chile in 1918. Sister ships: Illinois,
Ohio and Pennsylvania.

Indiana (1905) Lloyd Italiano.

Built by Soc. Esercizio Bacini, Riva Trigoso, Italy. Ton-
nage: 5,012. Dimensions: 393' x 48'. Twin-screw, 14^
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Sister ships: Virginia,
Florida and Luisiana. Note: The Indiana was later owned
and operated by the Navigazione Generale Italiana Line.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

103

Infanta Isabel de Borbon (1913) Compania Trasatlantica
(Spanish Line).

Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 10,348. Dimensions: 481' x 61'. Triple-screw,
17 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: Uruguay.
Sister ship: Reina Victoria Eugenia.

loannina (1897) National Steam Navigation Company of
Greece.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow, Scotland.
Tonnage: 4,167. Dimensions: 366' x 47'. Single-screw, 12^
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Hittfeld, ex-
Arconia, ex- Juliette, ex-Dunolly Castle. Torpedoed and
sunk off the Azores on December 15, 1917, while bound from
Piraeus to New York.

Ionian (1901) Allan Line.

Built by Workman, Clark & Co., Ltd., Belfast, Ireland.
Tonnage: 8,268. Dimensions: 470' x 57'. Twin-screw, 14
knots. Four masts and one funnel. Torpedoed and sunk
2 miles from St. Govans Head on October 20, 1917, with the
loss of 7 lives.

Irene (1905) Unione Austriaca (Austro- American Line).

Built by Craig, Taylor & Co., Stockton, England. Tonnage:
3,454. Dimensions: 326' x 42'. Single-screw, 12 knots.
Renamed: Toyen Maru. Sister ship: Virginia.

Irishman (1899) Dominion Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
9,510. Dimensions: 500' x 62'. Twin-screw, 12 knots. Four
masts and one funnel. Ex-Michigan.

Isla de Panay ( 1882) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish Line) .
Built by Scott's Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage: 3,545. Dimensions: 362' x
43'. Single-screw, 13 y% knots.

Island (1882) Thingvalla Line.

Built by Burmeister & Wain, Copenhagen, Denmark. Ton-
nage: 2,813. Dimensions: 313' x 39'. Single-screw, 13^
knots. Three masts and one funnel. Made final voyage to
New York in 1904.

Italia (1903) Anchor Line.

Built by D. & W. Henderson & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 4,806. Dimensions: 400' x 49'. Single-screw, 14^
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Made final voyage to
New York in 1919.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

104

Italia (1905) La Veloce Line.

Built by N. Odero & Co., Genoa, Italy. Tonnage: 5,203.
Dimensions: 393' x 47'. Twin-screw, 15 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Note: Later transferred to Navigazione
- Generate Italiana and finally used on the Lloyd Triestino
service.

Italy (1868) National Line.

Built by John Elder & Co., Glasgow. Tonnage: 4,341. Di-
mensions: 389' x 42'. Single-screw, 12 J^ knots. Three masts
and one funnel. Note: First Atlantic steamship in which
engines of the compound principle was used. Made final
voyage to New York in 1892.

Ivernia (1900) Cunard Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 14,210. Dimensions: 580' x 64'. Twin-screw, 16
knots. Four masts and one funnel. Note: Her extremely
tall funnel measured 106 feet high from the deck level. Had
accommodations for 160 first-class, 200 second-class and
1,600 third-class passengers. Torpedoed and sunk 58 miles
from Cape Matapan on January 1, 1917, with the loss of
36 lives. Sister ship: Saxonia.

Java (1865) Cunard Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage: 2,780.
Dimensions: 337' x 42'. Single-screw, 121A knots. Three
masts and one funnel. Note: Had accommodations for 160
cabin passengers. She was quite similar in appearance to
the Cuba. Later was lengthened. Renamed: Zeeland.

*John Ericsson (1928) United States Government.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg, Germany. Tonnage:
20,223. Dimensions: 594' x 78'. Twin-screw, 19 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Motorship. Ex-Kungsholm.

*Juan Sebastian Elcano (1928) Compania Trasatlantica
(Spanish Line).

Built by Soc. fispanola de Const. Naval Yard, Bilbao, Spain.
Tonnage: 9,965. Dimensions: 459' x 55'. Twin-screw, 17
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: Sold to Russia.
Sister ships: Magallanes and Marques de Comillas.

Justicia (1917) British Government.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
32,234. Dimensions: 740' x 86'. Triple-screw. Two masts
and three funnels. Ex-Statendam. Note : Launched as the
Statendam in 1914 for the Holland-American Line, but was

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

105

requisitioned by the British Government and put in service
as a troop transport. She was torpedoed and sunk 20 miles
from Skerryvore on July 19, 1918, with the loss often lives.

Kaiser Franz Josef I (1912) Unione Austriaca (Austro-
American Line).

Built at Trieste. Tonnage: 12,588. Dimensions: 477' x 60'.
Twin-screw, 18 }/% knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note:
The finest Austrian ship built to date. Renamed: (a) Presi-
dente Wilson, (b) Gange, (c) Marco Polo.

Kaiser Friedrich (1898) North German Lloyd.

Built by F. Schichau, Danzig, Germany. Tonnage: 12,481.
Dimensions: 581' x 63'. Twin-screw, 21 }/% knots. Two
masts and three funnels. Note: Withdrawn early in 1899
from the North German Lloyd Line because of her un-
satisfactory speed, and returned to the builder. Later was
used on the Hamburg-American Line, and finally sold to
Compagnie de Navigation Sud-Atlantique for their South
American trade. Renamed: Burdigala. A World War I
casualty.

Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse (1897) North German Lloyd.
Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 14,349.
Dimensions: 627' x 66'. Twin-screw, 22^ knots. Two
masts and four funnels. Note: To obtain 22 1/2 knots she had
to burn 22 tons of coal per hour. Her best days' run was 580
nautical miles. She was involved in the great dock fire at
Hoboken on June 30, 1900, but managed to be towed away
from the blazing piers, thus escaping damage. On August
27, 1914, was destroyed by the gun fire of the British cruiser
Highflyer at the Spanish Colony of Rio de Oro on the west
coast of Africa, while in the role of an armed merchant
cruiser.

Kaiser Wilhelm II (1889) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 6,990.
Dimensions: 449' x 51'. Single-screw, 16 knots. Four masts
and two funnels. Note: She had accommodations for 120
first-class, 80 second-class and 1,000 third-class passengers.
Later was altered by having two of her original four masts
removed. Renamed: Hohenzollern.

Kaiser Wilhelm II (1903) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 19,361.
Dimensions: 684' x 72'. Twin-screw, 23 Y^ knots. Three
masts and four funnels. Note: Her dining room measured

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

106

108 feet by 69 feet wide. Height from keel to roof of smoking
room was 72 feet high. She was one of the highest powered
ships built with reciprocating engines up to that time. Re-
named: (a) Agamemnon, (b) Monticello. Scrapped
during World War II. Sister ship : Kronprinzessin Cecilie.
These two fine liners together with their running mates the
Kaiser Friedrich der Grosse and Kronprinz Wilhelm
made up the North German Lloyd express fleet for that
period.

Kaiserin Auguste Victoria (1905) Hamburg- American Line.
Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 24,581.
Dimensions: 677' x 77'. Twin-screw, 18 knots. Four masts
and two funnels. Note: This impressive liner was ceded to
Great Britain by the Peace Treaty in 1919. The Canadian
Pacific Line obtained the ship and renamed her Empress of
Scotland.

Kaiserin Maria Theresa (1890) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 7,840.
Dimensions: 528' x 51'. Twin screw, 20 knots. Two masts
and three funnels. Ex-Spree. Note: As originally built,
this ship presented an entirely different appearance from
that which she ultimately assumed, for she had been length-
ened and further altered by the installation of three funnels
to take the place of the former two, and two well-spaced
masts replaced the original three. In addition was given new
engines and converted to twin-screw propulsion. She was
sold to the Russians in 1904 and renamed Ural. In the
Russo-Japanese war that followed she was sunk by the latter
nation.

Karlesruhe (1889) North German Lloyd.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 5,057. Dimensions: 411' x 47'. Single-
screw, 13 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Note: Made
final voyage to New York in 1907. Sister ships: Gera,
Oldenburg, Darmstadt and Stuttgart.

Karlesruhe (1900) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 10,826.
Dimensions: 523' x 60'. Twin-screw, 15^ knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Ex-Bremen, ex-Pocahontas, ex-
Prinzess Irene. Scrapped in 1931.

Kensington (1894) American Line.

Built by J. &. G. Thomson, Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage: 8,669.
Dimensions: 480' x 57'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Four masts

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

107

and one funnel. Note: She was named after a Philadelphia
suburb. Scrapped in 1910. Sister ship: Southwark.

Kiautschou (1900) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 10,911.
Dimensions: 523' x 60'. Twin-screw, 15^ knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Renamed: (a) Prinzess Alice, (b)
Princess Matoika, (c) President Arthur, (d) City of
Honolulu. Sister ship: Prinzess Irene.

King Alexander (1896) Greek Line.

Built by F. Schichau, Danzig, Germany. Tonnage: 11,455.
Dimensions: 550' x 60'. Twin-screw, 15 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Ex-Constantinople, ex-Bremen. Made
final voyage to New York in 1925.

Kleist (1906) North German Lloyd.

Built by F. Schichau, Danzig, Germany. Tonnage: 8,950.
Dimensions: 474' x 56'. Twin-screw, 14^ knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Renamed: Yoshino Maru. Sister
ship: Goeben.

Klopstock (1874) French Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage: 3,641.
Dimensions: 377' x 40'. Single-screw, 133^ knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Renamed: Saint Germain.

Koln (1899) North German Lloyd. .

Built by Tecklenborg Co., Geestemunde, Germany. Ton-
nage: 7,409. Dimensions: 428' x 54'. Twin-screw, 12 ^>
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: Amphion.
Sister ship: Frankfurt.

Konig Albert (1899) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 10,484.
Dimensions: 499' x 60'. Twin-screw, 15^ knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Renamed: Ferdinando Palasciano
(Italian). Sister ship: Hamburg.

Konig Friedrich Auguste (1906) Hamburg- American Line.
Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 9,462. Di-
mensions: 475' x 55'. Twin-screw, 15^ knots. Two masts
and one funnel. Renamed: (a) Montreal, (b) Alesia.

Konig Wilhelm I (1870) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
3,300. Dimensions: 312' x 39'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Wrecked near Holland in November, 1873, while bound to
Bremen from New York. All on board were saved.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

108

Konig Wilhelm II (1907) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 9,410.
Dimensions: 490' x 55'. Twin-screw, 153^ knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Renamed: (a) Madawaska, (b)
U. S. Grant.

Konigin Luise (1896) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 10,711.
Dimensions: 523' x 60'. Twin-screw, 15^ knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Renamed: (a) Omar, (b) Edison.
Sister ship: Friedrich der Grosse.

Konigstein (1907) Bernstein Line.

Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., Wall-
send-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 9,626. Dimensions:
459' x 59'. Twin-screw, 14 knots. Two masts and one
funnel. Ex-Arawa. Renamed: Gandia.

Kosciuszko (1915) Gydnia-American Line.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
6,598. Dimensions: 440' x 53'. Twin-screw, 14 knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Ex-Lithuania, ex-Czaritza. Re-
named: Empire Helford.

Kristianafjord (1913) Norwegian-American Line.

Built by Cammell, Laird & Co., Ltd., Birkenhead, England.
Tonnage: 10,669. Dimensions: 512' x 61'. Twin-screw, 15}-£
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Wrecked seven miles
west of Cape Race in 1917. Sister ship: Bergensfjord.

Kronprinz Wilhelm (1901) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 14,908.
Dimensions: 637' x 66'. Twin-screw, 23 knots. Two masts
and four funnels. Note: On her trials she averaged 23.34
knots. She was quite similar in appearance to her running
mates the Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse, Kaiser Wilhelm II
and Kronprinzessin Cecilie. Renamed: Von Steuben.
Broken up by shipbreakers in 1923.

Kronprinzessin Cecilie (1906) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 19,503.
Dimensions: 685' x 74'. Twin-screw, 23 Mi knots. Three
masts and four funnels. Note: From her keel to top of
funnels measured 131 feet high. She was seized by the
United States during the first World War and renamed
Mount Vernon. Broken up for scrap during the second
World War. Sister ship: Kaiser Wilhelm II.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

109

Kroonland (1902) Red Star Line.

Built by Wm. Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding & Engineering
Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Tonnage: 12,185. Dimensions: 560'
x 60'. Twin-screw, 15 knots. Four masts and two funnels.
Scrapped in 1927. Sister ships: Finland, Vaterland and
Zeeland.

Kungsholni (1902) Swedish-American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
12,500. Dimensions: 550' x 62'. Twin-screw, 15 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Noordam. Scrapped in
1928.

Kungsholm (1928) Swedish-American Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 20,223. Di-
mensions: 594' x 78'. Twin-screw, 19 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Motorship. Note: Commenced her
maiden voyage from Gothenburg to New York on November
24, 1928. This excellent liner has a swimming pool that is
44 feet long by 21 feet wide. Renamed: *John Ericsson.

Kursk (1910) Russian-American Line.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
7,890. Dimensions : 450 ' x 56'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Renamed: Polonia.

L' Aquitaine (1890) French Line.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 8,810. Dimensions: 500' x 57'. Twin-
screw, 18 knots. Three masts and two funnels. Ex-Nor-
mannia. Note: Later transferred to the Compagnie de
Navigation Sud-Atlantique (French).

La Bourdonnais (1904) French Line.

Built by Tecklenborg & Co., Geestemunde, Germany. Ton-
nage: 8,287. Dimensions: 453' x 55'. Twin-screw, 13 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Scharnhorst. Scrapped in
1934.

La Bourgogne (1886) French Line.

Built at La Seyne, France. Tonnage: 7,303. Dimensions:
495' x 52'. Single-screw, 17^ knots. Four masts and two
funnels. Note: Later altered by having two of her four masts
removed. Sunk after being in collision with the British
sailing ship Cromartyshire off Sable Island on July 4, 1898.
The lives of 549 people were lost because of it. Sister ships :
La Gascogne, La Bretagne and La Champagne.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

110

La Bretagne (1886) French Line.

Built at Penhoet, St. Nazaire, France. Tonnage: 6,756.
Dimensions: 495' x 51'. Single-screw, 17 knots. Four masts
and two funnels. Note: Later was transferred to the Com-
pagnie de Navigation Sud-Atlantique line and renamed
Alesia. Scrapped in 1923. Sister ships: La Gascogne, La
Bourgogne and La Champagne.

La Champagne (1885) French Line.

Built at Penhoet, St. Nazaire, France. Tonnage: 6,724.
Dimensions: 493' x 51'. Single-screw, 17 knots. Four masts
and two funnels. Wrecked off St. Nazaire in 1915. Sister
ships: La Gascogne, La Bourgogne and La Bretagne.
Note: These ships later had two of their four masts removed.

La France (1865) French Line.

Built at St. Nazaire, France. Tonnage: 4,648. Dimensions:
394' x 44'. Paddle-wheels, 13 knots. Three masts and two
funnels. Note: In 1872 she was converted from paddle-
wheels to screw propulsion. In 1895 after having her original
engines replaced with new ones of the triple expansion type
she was put on the West Indies and Central American
service. Broken up by shipbreakers in 1910.

La Gascogne (1887) French Line.

Built by Forges & Chantiers de la Mediterranee, La Seyne,
France. Tonnage: 7,090. Dimensions: 495' x 52'. Single-
screw, 17 knots. Four masts and two funnels. Made final
voyage to New York in 1911. Sister ships: La Bourgogne,
La Bretagne and La Champagne.

La Lorraine (1899) French Line.

Built at Penhoet, St. Nazaire, France. Tonnage: 11,146.
Dimensions: 563' x 60'. Twin-screw, 21 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Note: Sold to shipbreakers after the sum-
mer season of 1923 and dismantled during 1924. Sister ship:
La Savoie.

La Navarre (1892) French Line.

Built at Penhoet, St. Nazaire, France. Tonnage: 6,343.
Dimensions: 471' x 50'. Twin-screw, 16^ knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Scrapped in 1924.

La Normandie (1882) French Line.

Built by Vickers, Sons & Maxim, Ltd., Barrow-in-Furnace,
England. Tonnage: 6,283. Dimensions: 459' x 49'. Single-
screw, 17 knots. Four masts and two funnels. Scrapped in
1912.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

Ill

La Provence (1905) French Line.

Built by Chantiers & Atliers de la St. Nazaire, Penhoet.
Tonnage: 13,753. Dimensions: 602' x 64'. Twin-screw, 22
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: Made a voyage
from Havre to New York in 6 days, and 4 hours, averaging
21.63 knots for the crossing. Taken over by the French
Government during World War I and used as an armed
merchant cruiser under the name Provence II. Torpedoed
and sunk on February 22, 1916, while on voyage from Toulon
to Salonica.

La Savoie (1900) French Line.

Built at Penhoet, St. Nazaire, France. Tonnage: 11,168.
Dimensions: 563' x 60'. Twin-screw, 21 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Scrapped in 1927. Sister ship: La Lor-
raine.

La Touraine (1891) French Line.

Built at Penhoet, St. Nazaire, France. Tonnage: 8,429.
Dimensions: 520' x 56'. Twin-screw, 19 knots. Three masts
and two funnels. Note: She made a crossing from Havre to
New York in 6 days and 18 hours. As built she had three
masts but at a later date one was removed. Made final
voyage to New York in 1922. Scrapped in 1924.

Labrador (1865) French Line.

Built at St. Nazaire, France. Tonnage: 4,612. Dimensions:
394' x 44'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Three masts and two
funnels. Ex-Nouveau Monde.

Labrador (1891) Dominion Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
4,737. Dimensions: 401' x 47'. Single-screw, 15 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Wrecked on Skerryvore, Scot-
land on March 1, 1899, with no loss of life.

Laconia (1912) Cunard Line.

Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., New-
castle, England. Tonnage: 18,098. Dimensions: 600' x 71'.
Twin-screw, 16 3/£ knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note:
Her mast tops were 200 feet above the keel. She was tor-
pedoed and sunk 160 miles from Fastnet on February 25,
1917, with the loss of 12 lives. Sister ship: Franconia.

Laconia (1922) Cunard Line.

Built by Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., New-
castle, England. Tonnage: 19,695. Dimensions: 601' x 73'.
Twin-screw, 16*/£ knots. Two masts and one funnel. Tor-

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

112

pedoed and sunk during World War II. Note: She was the
first British liner to be fitted with anti-rolling tanks. Sister
ships: Samaria and Scythia.

Lafayette (1864) French Line.

Built by Scott's Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage: 3,394. Dimensions: 343' x
43'. Paddle-wheels, 13^ knots. Two masts and two
funnels. Note: Rebuilt and converted into a single screw
vessel. During 1887 she was again altered by having in-
stalled twin-screws. At a later date she was given three
masts.

Lafayette (1915) French Line.

Built by Chantiers & Atliers de Provence, France. Tonnage:
11,953. Dimensions: 546' x 64'. Quadruple-screw, 16 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Renamed: Mexique.

Lafayette (1930) French Line.

Built at Penhoet, St. Nazaire, France. Tonnage: 25,178.
Dimensions: 577' x 77'. Quadruple-screw, 18 knots. One
mast and one funnel. Motorship. Note: Destroyed by fire
while in drydock at Havre on May 5, 1938.

Lahn (1887) North German Lloyd.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 5,681. Dimensions: 448' x 49'. Single-
screw, 19 knots. Four masts and two funnels. Note: She
appeared later with two masts. Had accommodations for
224 first-class, 106 second and 700 third-class passengers.
As a new ship she was the third fastest steamer on the At-
lantic. Renamed: (a) Russ, (b) Dniester. The Lahn was
sold to the Russians in 1904.

Lake Champlain (1874) Beaver Line.

Built at Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage: 2,207. Dimensions:
321' x 35'. Single-screw, 12 knots. Note: Stranded on
Antrim June 30, 1886, with no loss of life. She was later
refloated and sold.

Lake Champlain (1900) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
7,392. Dimensions: 446' x 52'. Twin-screw, 13 knots. Four
masts and one funnel. Note : Originally owned by the Beaver
Line. Renamed: Regina. Sister ship: Lake Erie.

Lake Erie (1900) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
7,550. Dimensions: 446' x 52'. Twin-screw, 13 knots. Four

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

113

masts and one funnel. Note: Originally owned by .Beaver
Line. Sister ship: Lake Cham plain.

Lake Huron (1881) Beaver Line.

Built by London and Glasgow Shipbuilding Co., Glasgow,
Scotland. Tonnage: 4,040. Dimensions: 385' x 42'. Single-
screw, 13 knots. Three masts and one funnel. Stranded near
Quebec and was subsequently broken up by shipbreakers in
1901.

Lake Manitoba (1880) Beaver Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage: 3,300.
Dimensions: 355' x 40'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Three
masts and one funnel. Note: Stranded on Miquelan Island
on June 14, 1885, with no loss of life. Sister ship: Lake
Winnipeg.

Lake Manitoba (1901) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., New-
castle, England. Tonnage: 9,674. Dimensions: 469' x 56'.
Twin-screw, 13 knots. Four masts and one funnel. Note:
Originally owned by the Beaver Line. Renamed: Iver
Heath. Scrapped in 1924. Sister ship: Lake Michigan.

Lake Megantic (1875) Beaver Line.

Built at Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage: 2,219. Dimensions:
321' x 35'. Single-screw, 12^ knots. Wrecked on Anticosta
in 1878, with no loss of life.

Lake Michigan (1901) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., New-
castle, England. Tonnage: 8,340. Dimensions: 469' x 56'.
Twin-screw, 13 knots. Four masts and one funnel. Note:
Originally owned by the Beaver Line. Torpedoed and sunk
93 miles from Eagle Island on April 16, 1918, with the loss
of one life. Sister ship: Lake Manitoba.

Lake Nepigon (1875) Beaver Line.

Built at Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage: 2,209. Dimensions:
321' x 35'. Single-screw, 12 ^ knots. Renamed: Golden
Fleece. Wrecked in the West Indies in 1896.

Lake Ontario (1887) Beaver Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
4,502. * Dimensions: 374' x 43'. Single-screw, 13 3/6 knots.
Three masts and two funnels. Note: The only Beaver Line
steamship with a clipper bow. Broken up by Italian ship-
breakers in 1905.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

114

Lake Simcoe (1884) Beaver Line.

Built by John Elder & Co., Glasgow. Tonnage: 4,933. Di-
mensions: 430' x 57'. Single-screw, 16 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Ex-Ems. Scrapped in 1904.

Lake Superior (1884) Beaver Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 4,562. Dimensions: 400' x 44'. Single-screw, 13^
knots. Three masts and one funnel. Wrecked near St. John,
New Brunswick, in March, 1902 and was dismantled as she
lay.

Lake Winnipeg (1879) Beaver Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 3,329. Dimensions: 355' x 40'. Single-screw, 13 knots.
Three masts and one funnel. Renamed: Garbi. Note:
Torpedoed and sunk during the Tarko-Italian War of 1912.
Sister ship: Lake Manitoba.

Lancashire (1889) Dominion Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
4,244. Dimensions: 400' x 45'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Note: This former Bibby liner
was chartered for a short time. Later was sold to the Danish
East Asiatic Company and operated by their Russian-
American Line. The ship was renamed Kina and later this
was changed to Lituania. Sister ship: Yorkshire.

Lancastria (1922) Cunard Line.

Built by Wm. Beardmore & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage.
16,243. Dimensions: 552' x 70'. Twin-screw, 16^ knots:
Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Tyrrhenia. Note: Similar
in appearance to the Anchor liner Cameronia. The Lan-
castria was destroyed by enemy action on June 17, 1940.

Lapland (1908) Red Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
18,565. Dimensions: 605' x 70'. Twin-screw, 18 knots.
Four masts and two funnels. Note: Broken up by Japanese
shipbreakers in 1934.

Latvia (1908) Gydnia-American Line.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
8,332. Dimensions: 475' x 57'. Twin-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and two funnels. Ex-Russ, ex-Rossija, ex-
Russia. Renamed: (a) Fuso Maru, (b) Huso Maru.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

115

Laura (1907) Unione Austriaca (Austro- American Line).

Built by Russell & Co., Ltd., Port Glasgow, Scotland. Ton-
nage: 6,122. Dimensions: 415' x 49'. Twin-screw, 16 %
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: (a) Europa,
(b) Braga. Sister ship: Alice.

Laurentian (1872) Allan Line.

Built by Robert Steele & Co. , Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage :
4,522. Dimensions: 400' x 42'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Polynesian. Wrecked near
Cape Race in 1909 and became a total loss.

Lauren tic (1909) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
14,892. Dimensions: 550' x 67'. Triple-screw, 17 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Note: Laid down as the Alberta
for the Dominion Line, but was transferred to the White
Star Line before completion. Struck a mine off the north
coast of Ireland on January 25, 1917, while on voyage from
New York to Great Britain. There was a loss of 350 people.
Sister ship: Megantic.

Laurentic (1927) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
18,724. Dimensions: 578' x 75'. Twin-screw, 17 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Torpedoed and sunk in No-
vember, 1940.

Lazio (1899) Navigazione Generate Italiana.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., New-
castle, England. Tonnage: 9,203. Dimensions: 470' x 56'.
Twin-screw, 13 knots. Four masts and one funnel. Ex-
British Princess. Renamed: Palermo.

*Leerdam (1921) Holland- American Line.

Built by New Waterway Shipbuilding Co., Schiedam,
Netherlands. Tonnage: 8,815. Dimensions: 450' x 58'.
Single-screw, 13 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Sister
ships: Edam, Maasdam and Spaarndam. (These ships
originally had two funnels each.)

Leipzig (1869) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2?287. Dimensions: 312' x 39'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Made final voyage to New York in 1890.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

116

Leon XIII (1888) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish Line).
British built. Tonnage: 5,087. Dimensions: 410' x 46'.
Single-screw, 14 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Isla
de Cuba, ex-Taroba.

Leon XIII (1890) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish Line).
British built. Tonnage: 5,206. Dimensions: 410' x 48'.
Single-screw. Ex-Jelunga. Renamed: (a) Santiago,
(b) Jelunga, (c) Jehangir.

Leonardo da Vinci (1925) Transatlantica Italiana.

Built by Soc. Esercizio Bacini, Riva Trigosa, Italy. Ton-
nage: 7,515. Dimensions: 427' x 52'. Twin-screw, 14 knots.
Two masts and two funnels.

Leopoldina (1901) French Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss,Hamburg. Tonnage: 12,334. Di-
mensions: 525' x 62'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Ex-Bluecher. Note: The Leopoldina
was obtained from the Brazilian Government, and the
French Line renamed her Suffren.

Lessing (1874) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 3,527. Dimensions: 374' x 39'. Single-
screw, 14 knots. Two masts and one funnel. The Eagle
Line of Hamburg was the original owner of this ship. Note:
The French Line later purchased the steamship from the
Hamburg-American Line.

Letitia (1912) Anchor-Donaldson Line.

Built by Scott's Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage: 8,991. Dimensions: 470' x
56'. Twin-screw, 14]/2 knots. Two masts and one funnel.
Note: She was quite similar in appearance to the Saturnia
built in 1910. The Letitia was lost by stranding near Hali-
fax in August, 1917, while being used as a hospital ship.

"Letitia (1925) Donaldson Atlantic Line.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 13,475. Dimensions: 525' x 66'. Twin-
screw, 153^ knots. Two masts and one funnel. Sister ship:
Athenia. Note: Their original owner was the Anchor-
Donaldson Line. The Letitia has been renamed: Empire
Brent.

Leviathan (1914) United States Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 59,957. Di-
mensions: 907' x 100'. Quadruple-screw, 24 knots. Two

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

117

masts and three funnels. Note: From her keel to top of
funnels measured 184 feet. The mast tops were 210 feet high
from water level. Ex-Vaterland. Broken up by ship-
breakers in Scotland during 1938.

"Liberte (1930) French Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg, Germany. Tonnage:
49,746. Dimensions: 890' x 102'. Quadruple-screw, 28
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Europa. Note:
The French Line obtained this former German superliner
in 1946. In December, 1946, while being reconditioned for
their Atlantic trade she was driven by a severe gale against
the sunken hulk of the former luxury liner Paris. A section
of the Liberte's hull was ripped opened and she sank in the
shallow water of the harbor. The necessary repairs will
delay for about a year her re-entry into the Atlantic service.

Liguria (1901) Navigazione Generale Italiana.

Built by G. Ansaldo & Co., Sestri, Ponente, Italy. Tonnage:
4,865. Dimensions: 403' x 46'. Single-screw. Two masts
and one funnel.

Lithuania (1915) Danish East Asiatic Co.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
6,598. Dimensions: 440' x 53'. Twin-screw, 14 knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Ex-Czaritza. Renamed: Kos-
ciuszko.

Lituania (1889) Russian-American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
4,244. Dimensions: 400' x 45'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Ex-Lancashire.

Lombardia (1901) Navigazione Generale Italiana.

Built by G. Ansaldo & Co., Sestri, Ponente, Italy. Tonnage:
4,815. Dimensions: 403' x 46'. Single-screw. Two masts
and one funnel. Renamed: Jerousalim.

Louisiana (1858) National Line.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 3,847. Dimensions: 307' x
39'. Single-screw, 12 knots. Three masts and one funnel.
Renamed: Holland. Note: She was the first Atlantic
steamer with compound engines. This vessel was later
lengthened. Scrapped in 1894.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

118

Louisiana (1862) French Line.

Built at Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage: 1,780. Note: Sunk
by collision on December 20, 1875, while bound for France
from the West Indies with the loss of 16 lives.

Loyalist (1901) Furness Withy Co.

British built. Tonnage: 3,909. Dimensions: 371' x 45'.
Single-screw, 14 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Note:
See Evangeline for additional data. Renamed: (a) Byron,
(b) Santiago. Sister ship: Evangeline.

Lucania (1893) Cunard Line.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 12,950. Dimensions: 600' x 65'. Twin-
screw, 22 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: Badly
gutted by fire while at her Liverpool pier in 1909 and was
broken up by shipbreakers at Swansea during 1910. Sister
ship: Campania.

Ludgate Hill (1881) Allan Line.

British built. Tonnage: 4,063. Dimensions: 420' x 47'.
Twin-screw, 13 knots. Note: The first Atlantic steamer
built with twin-screws. Formerly owned and operated by
the Hill Line. Renamed: Livonian. During World War I
was filled with cement and sunk, so as to obstruct a channel.

Luetzow (1908) North German Lloyd.

Built by Weser Shipbuilding Yard, Bremen, Germany. Ton-
nage: 8,716. Dimensions: 462' x 57'. Twin-screw, 14 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Scrapped in 1932. Sister ships:
Derfflinger and Yorck.

Luisiana (1906) Lloyd Italiano.

Built by Soc. Esercizio Bacini, Riva Trigoso, Italy. Ton-
nage: 4,983. Dimensions: 393' x 48'. Twin-screw, 14^
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Sister ships: Florida,
Indiana and Virginia. Made final voyage to New York in
1913.

Lusitania (1907) Cunard Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 31,550. Dimensions: 762' x 87'. Quadruple-
screw, 26 knots. Two masts and four funnels. Torpedoed
and sunk by a German submarine 10 miles off the Old Head
Kinsale, southeast tip of Ireland on May 7, 1915. She went
down within 18 minutes and the loss of life amounted to
1,198 people. Sister ship: Mauretania.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

119

Lydian Monarch (1881) Wilson Line.

Built at Dumbarton, Scotland. Tonnage: 3,987. Di-
mensions: 360' x 43'. Single-screw, 12 3^ knots. Four masts
and one funnel. Sister ship: Persian Monarch.

Maasdam (1371) Holland-American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
3,707. Dimensions: 420' x 40'. Single-screw, 15 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Ex-Republic. Renamed:
Vittoria. Note: Her last voyage to New York as the
Maasdam was in 1901.

*Maasdam (1921) Holland-American Line.

Built by Maats Fyenoord, Rotterdam. Tonnage: 8,812.
Dimensions: 450' x 58'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Two masts
and one funnel. Torpedoed and sunk in the North Atlantic
on July 26, 1941. Sister ships: Edam, Leerdam and
Spaarndam. Note: Originally they had two funnels.

Macedonia (1912) Greek Line. (Embiricos Bros.)

Built by Sir James Laing and Sons, Ltd., Sunderland, Eng-
land. Tonnage: 6,333. Dimensions: 422' x 51'. Twin-screw.
17 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: After several
voyages to New York she was taken over by the Greek
government and used as an armed cruiser for the war against
Turkey. She was shortly afterwards set on fire and sunk by
a Turkish warship in the harbor of Syra.

Madonna (1905) Fabre Line.

Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., New-
castle, England. Tonnage: 5,633. Dimensions: 430' x 48'.
Twin-screw, 15 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Made
final voyage to New York in 1924.

*Madrid (1922) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 8,753.
Dimensions: 439' x 56'. Twin-screw, 13^ knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Ex-Sierra Nevada.

MegaliHallas (1914) Greek Line.

Built by Cammell, Laird & Co., Ltd., Birkenhead, England.
Tonnage: 9,272. Dimensions: 470' x 58'. Twin-screw, 17
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Vasilefs Con-
stantinos. Renamed: Byron.

*Magallanes (1928) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish Line).
Built by Soc. Espanola de Const. Naval Yard, Cadiz, Spain.
Tonnage: 9,689. Dimensions: 459' x 56'. Twin-screw, 17

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

120

knots. Two masts and two funnels. Sister ships: Juan
Sebastian Elcano and Marques de Comillas.

Magdalena (1928) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by F. Schichau Co., Danzig, Germany. Tonnage:
9,779. Dimensions: 460' x 60'. Twin-screw, 153/£ knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Motorship. Renamed: Iberia.
Sister ship: Orinoco. Note: After being badly gutted by
fire she was rebuilt in 1934 and had her name changed to
Iberia. She was altered by having a new single funnel re-
place her original two.

Main (1868) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,893. Dimensions: 365' x 40'. Single-screw, 14^ knots.
Made final voyage to New York in 1890.

Main (1900) North German Lloyd.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 10,067. Di-
mensions: 501' x 58'. Twin-screw, 13^ knots. Four masts
and one funnel. Sister ships: Rhein and Neckar.

Majestic (1890) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
9,861. Dimensions: 566' x 57'. Twin-screw, 20 knots.
Three masts and two funnels. Broken up by shipbreakers
in 1914. Sister ship: Teutonic. Note: These two liners
had twin-screws that were of the overlapping type.

Majestic (1921) White Star Line.

Built by Blohm & oss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 56,551. Di-
mensions: 915' x 100'. Quadruple-screw, 24 knots. Two
masts and three funnels. Note: She was launched in 1914
as the Bismarck for the Hamburg-American Line, but was
not completed until after the first World War. After being
finished she was taken over by the White Star Line and
renamed Majestic and was used on the Atlantic for a num-
ber of years as a luxury passenger liner, but in May, 1936,
was withdrawn and sold to the British Admiralty who had
her converted into a training ship and changed her name to
H. M. S. Caledonia. Destroyed by fire in 1939.

Manhattan (1866) Guion Line.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 2,869. Dimensions: 335' x
42'. Single-screw. Two masts and one funnel. Note: Had
accommodations for 72 first-class passengers and 800 emi-

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

121

grants. Ran as a Guion liner until 1875 when she was sold
to the Warren Line for use on their Liverpool and Boston
service. In 1880 again sold and renamed City of Lincoln.
Wrecked near Cape Town, Africa, on August 15, 1902.

Manhattan (1932) United States Line.

Built by New York Shipbuilding Corp., Camden, N. J.
Tonnage: 24,289. Dimensions: 668' x 86'. Twin-screw, 21
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: Keel was laid
on December 8, 1930 and launched on December 5, 1931.
Commenced maiden voyage on August 10, 1932. Cost
approximately $10,500,000 to build. Renamed: *Wakefield.
Nearly destroyed by fire off Halifax in 1942 while being used
as a troopship. She was salvaged and towed to Boston where
she was rebuilt. Sister ship: Washington.

Manitoba (3892) Atlantic Transport Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
5,590. Dimensions: 445' x 49'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Renamed: Logan. Sister
ships: Massachusetts, Mobile and Mohawk.

Manitoban (1865) Allan Line.

Built by Laird's at Birkenhead, England. Tonnage: 2,395.
Dimensions: 338' x 35'. Single-screw.

Manitou (1898) Atlantic Transport Line.

Built by Furness, Withy & Co., Ltd., W. Hartlepool,
England. Tonnage: 6,849. Dimensions: 475' x 52'. Single-
screw, 14^ knots. Four masts and one funnel. Ex-
Victoria.

Manuel Arnus (1923) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish
Line).

Built by Soc. Espanola de Const. Nav., Cadiz, Spain. Ton-
nage: 7,578. Dimensions: 435' x 56'. Twin screw, 13^
knots. Two masts and one funnel.

*Manuel Calvo (1892) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish
Line).

Built by Armstrong, Mitchell & Co., Ltd., Newcastle,
England. Tonnage: 5,617. Dimensions: 421' x 48'. Twin-
screw, 13 % knots. Three masts and one funnel. Ex-
H. H. Meier.

Marburn (1900) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 10,743. Dimensions: 500' x 59'. Twin-
screw, 16 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Tunisian.
Scrapped in 1928.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

122

Marco Minghetti (1876) Navigazione Generale Italiana.
Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 2,489. Dimensions: 350' x 36'. Single-screw, 13
knots. Ex-Loudoun Castle. Made final voyage to New
York in 1906.

Marglen (1898) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
10,417. Dimensions: 515' x 59'. Twin-screw, 15 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Scotian, ex-Statendam.
Scrapped in 1927.

Marloch (1904) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Workman, Clark & Co., Ltd., Belfast, Ireland.
Tonnage: 10,687. Dimensions: 517' x 60'. Triple-screw,
15 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Victorian.
Scrapped in 1930.

Marques de Comillas (1928) Compania Trasatlantica
(Spanish Line).

Built by Soc. Espanola de Const. Naval Yard, Ferrol, Spain.
Tonnage: 9,922. Dimensions: 459' x 55'. Twin-screw, 17
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Sister ships: Juan
Sebastian Elcano and Magallanes.

Marquette (1898) Atlantic Transport Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 7,057. Dimensions: 486' x 52'. Single-
screw, \bl/2 knots. Four masts and one funnel. Ex-
Boadicea. Torpedoed and sunk 36 miles from Salonica
Bay on October 23, 1915, with the loss of 29 lives.

*Marrakech (1913) French Line.

Built by Atel. & Ch. de Provence, Port de Bouc, France.
Tonnage: 6,179. Dimensions: 414' x 51'. Twin-screw. Two
masts and two funnels. Ex-Haiti. Note: Used on the West
Indies and Central American trade.

Martello (1884) Wilson Line.

Built by Earle's Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Hull, England. Tonnage: 3,709. Dimensions: 370' x 43'.
Single-screw. 12 knots. Note: First Atlantic steamer with
triple expansion engines. Made final voyage to New York
in 1899.

Martha Washington (1908) Unione Austriaca (Austro-
American Line).

Built by Russell & Co., Ltd., Port Glasgow, Scotland.
Tonnage: 8,347. Dimensions: 459' x 58'. Twin-screw, 17

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

123

knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: After the first
World War she was transferred to the Cosulich Line, and
later became a unit of the newly formed "Italia Line," who
used her for a time on the South American service.

Martinique (1883) French Line.

Built by John Elder & Co., Glasgow. Tonnage: 4,392.
Dimensions: 380' x 48'. Single-screw, 15 knots. Two masts
and one funnel. Ex-Norham Castle. Broken up by Italian
shipbreakers in 1932. Note: The French Line used her on
the West Indies and Central American trade.

Marvale (1907) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
11,438. Dimensions: 499' x 61'. Twin-screw, 17 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. (Operated at a speed of 14 ^
knots. Ex-Corsican. Wrecked 20 miles west of Cape Race
in 1923.

Massachusetts (1892) Atlantic Transport Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
5,590. Dimensions: 445' x 49'. Twin-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. • Renamed: Sheridan. Wrecked
by stranding off Barnegat Light in 1910. Sister ships:
Manitoba, Mohawk and Mobile.

Massilia (1891) Fabre Line.

Built by Gourlay Bros. & Co., Dundee. Tonnage: 3,097.
Dimensions: 340' x 41'. Single-screw. Made final voyage
to New York in 1910.

Massilia (1902) Anchor Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 5,156. Dimensions: 400' x 49'. Single-
screw, 12 knots.

Mauretania (1907) Cunard Line.

Built by Swan, Hunter and Wigham Richardson, Ltd.,
Wallsend-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 30,696. Di-
mensions: 762' x 88'. Quadruple-screw, 26 knots. Two
masts and four funnels. Note: She was withdrawn from
service in October, 1934, and during 1935 was broken up by
shipbreakers at Rosyth. Sister ship: Lusitania.

*Mauretania (1939) Cunard White Star Line.

Built by Cammell, Laird & Co., Ltd., Birkenhead, England.
Tonnage: 35,738. Dimensions: 739' x 89'. Twin-screw, 22
knots. Two masts and two funnels.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

124

Mayflower (1902) Dominion Line.

Built by Hawthorne, Leslie & Co., Ltd., Newcastle, England.
Tonnage: 13,518. Dimensions: 582' x 60'. Twin-screw, 16
knots. Four masts and one funnel. Ex-Hanoverian. Re-
named: Cretic.

Media (1947) Cunard Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 14,000. Dimensions: 540' x 70'. Twin-screw, 17
knots. Single mast and one funnel. Note: Launched on
December 12, 1946. To have accommodations for 250 pas-
sengers in one class. Expected to be ready for service during
the summer of 1947. A sister ship is being built by Harland
& Wolff, Ltd.

Megan tic (1909) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
14,878. Dimensions: 550' x 67'. Twin-screw, 17 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Note: She was laid down as the
Albany for the Dominion Line, but like her sister ship was
taken over by the White Star Line and renamed. Broken
up by shipbreakers in Japan during 1933. Sister ship:
Laurentic.

Meknes (1913) French Line.

Built by Ch. & Atl. de St. Nazaire, France. Tonnage: 6,127.
Dimensions: 413' x 51'. Twin-screw, 13 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Ex-Puerto Rico. Torpedoed and sunk
on July 24, 1940.

Melita (1918) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
15,183. Dimensions: 520' x 67'. Triple-screw, 16^ knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Renamed: Liguria. Sister
ship: Minnedosa. Note: The Melita, together with her
sister ship was sold to the Italians in April, 1935. She was
towed to Genoa in June, 1935, by the Dutch tug Zwarte
Zee, and was renamed Liguria.

Memphis (1871) Dominion Line.

Built at Dumbarton, Scotland. Tonnage: 2,487. Di-
mensions: 327' x 38'. Single-screw, 12 knots. Three masts
and one funnel.

Memphis (1890) Atlantic Transport Line.

Built by Gourlay Bros. & Co., Dundee, Scotland. Tonnage:
5,158. Dimensions: 435' x 46'. Single-screw. Ex-America.
Note: Carried freight and cattle.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

125

Mendoza (1904) Lloyd Italiano.

Built by Sir W. G. Armstrong, Whitworth & Co., Ltd., New-
castle-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 6,847. Dimensions:
420' x 51'. Twin-screw, 14 knots. Two masts and one
funnel. Renamed: Caserta.

Menominee (1897) Atlantic Transport Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 6,919. Dimensions: 475' x 52'. Single-
screw, 14 % knots. Four masts and one funnel. Ex- Alex-
ander. Made final voyage to Boston in 1914.

Merion (1902) American Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 11,612. Dimensions: 531' x 59'. Twin-screw, 11 ^
knots. Four masts and one funnel. Sunk during the first
World War. Sister ship: Haverford.

Metagama (1915) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
12,420. Dimensions: 500' x 64'. Twin-screw, 16 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Scrapped in 1934. Sister ship:
Missanabie.

Meteoro (1890) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish Line).

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 6,966.
Dimensions: 463' x 51'. Single-screw, 19 knots. Three
masts and two funnels. Ex-Havel. Renamed: Alfonso
XII.

Mexico (1876) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish Line).

Built by London and Glasgow Shipbuilding Co., Glasgow.
Tonnage: 2,113. Dimensions: 331' x 34'. Single-screw, 12
knots. Ex-Trentham Hall.

Mexique (1915) French Line.

Built by Chantier et Ateliers de Provence, Port de Bouc,
France. Tonnage: 12,220. Dimensions: 546' x 64'. Quad-
ruple-screw, 16 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Ex-
Lafayette.

Michigan (1887) Warren Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
4,909. Dimensions: 400' x 47'. Single-screw, 13 knots.

Michigan (1890) Atlantic Transport Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
3,722. Dimensions: 370' x 44'. Single-screw, 131A knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Renamed: (a) Kilpa trick,

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

126

(b) Acropolis, (c) Washington, (d) Great Canton.
Broken up by shipbreakers in Italy during 1924. Note: See
Acropolis for additional information.

Milwaukee (1897) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., New-
castle, England. Tonnage: 7,317. Dimensions: 470' x 56'.
Single-screw, 12 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Note:
Formerly owned by Elder, Dempster & Co. She was tor-
pedoed and sunk 260 miles southwest from Fastnet on
August 31, 1918, with only the loss of one life. Sister ship:
Mount Royal.

Milwaukee (1929) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 16,699. Di-
mensions: 546' x 72'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Motorship. Renamed* Empire Waveney.
(Owned by British government.) Sister ship: St. Louis.

Minneapolis (1901) Atlantic Transport Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
13,448. Dimensions: 600' x 65'. Twin-screw, 16 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Torpedoed and sunk 195 miles
from Malta on March 23, 1916, with the loss of 12 lives.
Sister ships: Minnehaha, Minnetonka and Minnewaska.

Minnedosa (1918) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
15,186. Dimensions: 520' x 67'. Triple-screw, 16 ^ knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Note: Her original tonnage
was 13,972 tons gross, but in 1925 she was reconditioned by
Cammell, Laird & Co., at Birkenhead and the changes made
increased her tonnage. In April, 1935, she was sold to
Italians who were to break her up for scrap, however, the
Italian Government took her over for transport work. Sister
ship: Melita. The Minnedosa was renamed *Piemonte.

Minnehaha (1900) Atlantic Transport Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
13,443. Dimensions: 600' x 65'. Twin-screw, 16 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Torpedoed and sunk 12 miles
from Fastnet on September 7, 1917 with the loss of 43 lives.
Sister ships: Minneapolis, Minnetonka and Minne-
waska.

Minnekahda (1917) Atlantic Transport Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
17,281. Dimensions: 620' x 66'. Triple-screw, 16 knots.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

127

One mast and one funnel. Note: She was built as an emi-
grant carrier for 2,000 passengers, but later was converted
to carry 750 third-class passengers. Refitted in 1920 at
Quincy, Massachusetts. Broken up by shipbreakers at
Dalmuir on the Clyde in 1936.

Minnesota (1866) Warren Line.

British built. Tonnage: 2,869. Dimensions: 335' x 42'.
Single-screw. Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: Cristo-
bal Colon. Note: She was originally owned by the Guion
Line.

Minnesota (1901) Atlantic Transport Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 11,667. Dimensions: 561' x 60'. Twin-screw, 15
knots. Four masts and two funnels. Ex-Northland, ex-
Zeeland. Scrapped in 1930.

Minnetonka (1902) Atlantic Transport Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
13,440. Dimensions: 600' x 65'. Twin-screw, 16 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Torpedoed and sunk 40 miles
from Malta on January 30, 1918, with the loss of four lives.
Sister ships: Minneapolis, Minnehaha and Minnewaska.

Minnetonka (1924) Atlantic Transport Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
21,716. Dimensions: 600' x 80'. Twin-screw, 16>£ knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Note: She commenced her
maiden voyage in May, 1924. In 1932 she was transferred
to the Red Star Line. Broken up by shipbreakers in 1935.
Sister ship: Minnewaska.

Minnewaska (1894) Atlantic Transport Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
5,713. Dimensions: 445' x 50'. Twin-screw, 14 knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Ex-Persia. Sister ship: Dominion.

Minnewaska (1903) Atlantic Transport Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
15,801. Dimensions: 600' x 65'. Twin-screw, 16 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Renamed: Arabic

Minnewaska (1909) Atlantic Transport Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
14,317. Dimensions: 600' x 65'. Twin-screw, 16 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Note: Had accommodations
for 330 first-class passengers. She was taken over by the

* Denotes ship still in service under same name,

128

British government as a troopship in 1916. On November
29, 1916, she was sunk by a floating mine in Suda Bay while
transporting 1,800 troops. (She was beached, but her bottom
had been torn away by the mines and no further use was
made of the vessel.) Sister ships: Minnehaha, Minne-
tonka and Minneapolis.

Minnewaska (1923) Atlantic Transport Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
21,716. Dimensions: 600' x 80'. Twin-screw, 16 ^ knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Note: Commenced maiden
voyage from London to New York on September 1, 1923.
Broken up by shipbreakers in 1935. Sister ship: Minne-
tonka.

Missanabie (1914) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., Wall-
send-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 12,469. Dimensions:
500' x 64'. Twin-screw, 153/3 knots. Two masts and two
funnels. Torpedoed and sunk 52 miles from Daunts Rock
on September 9, 1918 with the loss of 45 lives. Sister ship:
Metagama.

Mississippi (1871) Dominion Line.

Built at Dumbarton, Scotland. Tonnage: 2,129. Di-
mensions: 320' x 35'. Single-screw. Three masts and one
funnel. Renamed: Sicilia.

Mississippi (1903) Atlantic Transport Line.

Built by New York Shipbuilding Corp. Camden, N. J. Ton-
nage: 9,748. Dimensions: 490' x 58'. Twin-screw, 13 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Renamed: Samland.

Mitau (1894) Russian- American Line.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 4,588. Dimensions: 415' x 45'. Single-
screw, 14 knots. Four masts and one funnel. Ex-Birma,
ex-Arundel Castle. Renamed: (a) Joszef Pilsudski, (b)
Wilbo. Note: The Russian-American Line was a subsidiary
company of the Danish East Asiatic Co.

Mobile (1891) Atlantic Transport Line.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 5,302. Dimensions: 435' x
46'. Single-screw, 15^ knots. Ex-Europe. Renamed:
Sherman.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

129

Mobile (1908) United States Shipping Board.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 16,971. Di-
mensions: 588' x 65'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Four masts
and two funnels. Ex-Cleveland. Renamed: Cleveland.

Mohawk (1892) Atlantic Transport Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
5,678. Dimensions: 445' x 49'. Twin-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Renamed: Grant. Sister ships:
Mobile, Massachusetts and Manitoba.

Moltke (1901) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 12,335. Di-
mensions: 525' x 62'. Twin-screw, 16^ knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Renamed: Pesaro. Scrapped in 1926.
Sister ship: Bluecher.

Mongolian (1891) Allan Line.

Built by D. & W. Henderson & Co., Glasgow. Tonnage:
4,837. Dimensions: 400' x 45'. Single-screw, 13^ knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Torpedoed 5 miles from Filey
Brig on July 21, 1918, with the loss of 36 lives.

Montana (1872) Guion Line.

British built. Tonnage: 4,300. Dimensions: 400' x 43'.
Single-screw, 15^ knots. Two masts and one funnel.
Wrecked on the Welsh coast on March 14, 1880, with no loss
of life.

Montcalm (1897) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Jarrow-on-
Tyne, England. Tonnage: 5,505. Dimensions: 445' x 52'.
Single-screw, 13 knots. Four masts and one funnel. Sister
ship: Monterey. Note: The Montcalm was sold to Nor-
wegian whalers in 1923 and renamed Rey Alfonso.

*Montcalm (1921) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 16,418. Dimensions: 549' x 70'. Twin-screw,
17 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: Commenced
maiden voyage from Liverpool to Canada in January, 1922.
Sister ships: Montclare and Montrose.

*Montclare (1922) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 16,314. Dimensions: 549' x 70'. Twin-screw,
17 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Sister ships: Mont-
calm and Montrose.

Denotes ship still in service under same name.

130

Monteagle (1899) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 5,948. Dimensions: 445' x
52'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Four masts and one funnel.
Scrapped in 1926. Sister ship : Montfort. Note : They were
originally owned by Elder, Dempster Co.

Monterey (1897) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 5,478. Dimensions: 445' x.
52'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Four masts and one funnel.
Sister ship: Montcalm. Note: Formerly owned by Elder,
Dempster Co.

Montevideo (1889) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish Line).
Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 5,205. Dimensions: 410' x 48'. Single-screw, 14
knots. Three masts and one funnel.

Montezeuma (1899) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
7,345. Dimensions: 485' x 59'. Single-screw, 12% knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Sister ship: Mount Temple.
Note: They were formerly owned by Elder, Dempster Co.

Montfort (1899) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 5,519. Dimensions: 445' x
52'. Single-screw, 12^ knots. Four masts and one funnel.
Torpedoed and sunk 170 miles from Bishop Rock on October
1, 1918, with the loss of 5 lives. Sister ship: Monteagle.
Note: These ships were formerly owned by Elder, Dempster
Co.

Montlaurier (1908) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by J. C. Tecklenborg & Co., Geestemunde, Germany.
Tonnage: 16,992. Dimensions: 590' x 68'. Twin-screw, 17
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Empress of India,
ex-Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm. Renamed: Montnairn.

Montnairn (1908) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by J. C. Tecklenborg & Co., Geestemunde, Germany.
Tonnage: 17,282. Dimensions: 590' x 68'. Twin-screw, 17
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Monti aurier, ex-
Empress of India, ex-Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm. Note:
She was turned over to Great Britain after the first World

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

131

War, and then sold to the Canadian Pacific Line who re-
conditioned and renamed her. She was sold to shipbreakers
in 1929 and during 1931 dismantled.

Montreal (1900) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., New-
castle, England. Tonnage: 8,644. Dimensions: 469' x 56'.
Single-screw, 12 knots. Four masts and one funnel. Sunk
after being in collision near Morecambe Bay in January,

Montreal (1906) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 9,720. Di-
mensiqns: 475' x 55'. Twin-screw, 15 knots. Two masts
and one funnel. Ex-Konig Friedrich Auguste. Renamed:
Alesia.

Montrose (1897) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Sir Raylton Dixon & Co., Ltd., Middlesbro-on-
Tees, England. Tonnage: 6,094. Dimensions: 444' x 52'.
Twin-screw, 13 knots. Four masts and one funnel. Note:
Formerly owned by Elder, Dempster Co. Wrecked on
Goodwin Sands late in 1914.

Montrose (1922) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 16,402. Dimensions: 548' x 70'. Twin-
screw, 17 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Renamed:
Forfar. Torpedoed and sunk in December, 1940. Sister
ships: Montcalm and Montclare.

Montroyal (1906) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 15,646. Dimensions: 548' x 65'. Twin-
screw, 18 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: She
was converted from a first-class to a cabin class liner in 1923.
Sold to scrappers in August, 1930, and dismantled soon
afterwards.

Montserrat (1889) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish Line).
Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 4,147.
Dimensions: 373' x 44'. Single-screw, 14 knots. Two masts
and one funnel. Ex-Dania

Moraitis (1907) Greek Line (Owned by D. G. Moraitis).

Built by Priestman & Co., Sunderland, England. Tonnage:
6,045. Dimensions: 400' x 50'. Twin-screw. Two masts
and two funnels. Renamed: Themistocles late in 1908.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

132

Moravia (1883) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by A. & J. Inglis, Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage: 3,690.
Dimensions: 360' x 40'. Single-screw, 10 knots. Two masts
and one funnel. Note: While under charter she was wrecked
on Sable Island on February 12, 1899, with no loss of life.

Moreas (1901) Greek Line.

Built by D. & W. Henderson & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 8,292. Dimensions: 485' x 56'. Twin-screw, 15 knots.
Two masts and three funnels. Ex-Columbia. Broken ur»
by shipbreakers in Italy during 1929.

Mosel (1872) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage-
3,200. Dimensions: 365' x 40'. Single-screw, WA knots.
Two masts and one funnel. She went ashore near the Lizard
in a thick fog on August 9, 1882, and became a total wreck.

Mount Carroll (1921) United American Line.

Built by Merchant Shipbuilding Corp., Chester, Penn.
Tonnage: 7,469. Dimensions: 440' x 57'. Single-screw, 13}^
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Renamed: Maunalei.
Sister ship: Mount Clinton.

Mount Clay (1904) Harriman Line.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 8,170.
Dimensions: 488' x 55'. Twin-screw, 15 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Ex-De Kalb, ex-Prinz Eitel Friedrich.

Mount Clinton (1921) United American Line.

Built by Merchant Shipbuilding Corp., Chester, Penn.
Tonnage: 7,159. Dimensions: 440' x 57'. Single-screw, 13^
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Sister ship: Mount
Carroll.

Mount Royal (1898) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., Wall-
send-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 7,064. Dimensions:
470' x 56'. Single-screw, 12 knots. Two masts and one
funnel. Sister ship: Milwaukee. Note: They were formerly
owned by Elder, Dempster Co.

Mount Temple (1901) Canadian Pacific Line.

Built by Sir W. G. Armstrong, Whit worth & Co., Ltd., New-
castle-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 7,656. Dimensions:
485' x 59'. Single-screw, 12j/£ knots. Four masts and one

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

133

funnel. Note: On December 6, 1916, was captured and sunk
by the German raider Mowe, 620 miles west of Fastnet.
Sister ship: Montezeuma.

Muenchen (1922) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 13,483.
Dimensions: 526' x 65'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Renamed: (a) General Von Steuben,
(b) Steuben. Sister ship: Stuttgart. Note: After being
badly gutted by fire at her New York pier she was rebuilt in
Germany and renamed General Von Steuben. Her out-
ward appearance was greatly changed by the work. Rebuilt
and renamed in 1931 after having been badly gutted by
fire at her New York pier.

Munchen (1889) North German Lloyd.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 4,801. Dimensions: 390' x 46'. Single-
screw, 13 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Renamed:
Gregory Morch (Turkish). Sister ship: Dresden.

Munchen (1923) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 18,940.
Dimensions: 590' x 72'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Renamed: (a) Ohio, (b) Albertic. Note:
She was never actually in the passenger trade under the name
Munchen for she was one of the many ships turned over to
the Allies after the great war.

Napoleon III (1866) French Line.

Built by Thames Ironworks, London, England. Tonnage:
3,950. Dimensions: 363' x 43'. Paddle-wheels, 13 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Note: In 1872 she was length-
ened and altered by having her paddle-wheels replaced by
single-screw propulsion. She was renamed Ville du Havre.
Sister ship: Periere.

Napoli (1899) Navigazione Generale Italiana.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 9,203. Dimensions: 470' x
56'. Twin-screw, 12^ knots. Four masts and one funnel.
Ex-Sannio, ex-British Prince. Sunk by collision in the
North Atlantic during 1918.

Napoli (1907) Navigazione Generale Italiana.

Built by Sir James Laing & Sons, Ltd., Sunderland, England.
Tonnage: 6,094. Dimensions: 406' x 51'. Twin-screw, 14
knots. Two masts and three funnels. Ex-San Giorgio.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

134

Nazario Sauro (1921) Transatlantica Italiana.

Built by Societa Anonima Ansaldo, Genoa, Italy. Tonnage:
8,150. Dimensions: 447' x 52'. Twin-screw, 14 knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Sister ship: Ammiraglio Bettolo.

*Nea Hellas (1922) Anchor Line.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 16,991. Dimensions: 552'x70'. Twin-
screw, 15 }^ knots. Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Tus-
cania. Note: In 1939 the Tuscania was sold to the General
Steam Navigation Company of Greece and renamed Nea
Hellas, but shortly afterwards she reverted back to the
Anchor Line.

Nebraska (1867) Guion Line.

Built at Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 3,662. Dimensions: 400' x
44'. Single-screw.

Neckar (1873) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,331. Dimensions: 351' x 40'. Single-screw, 14^ knots.
Made final voyage to New York in 1895.

Neckar (1901) North German Lloyd.

Built by Tecklenborg & Co., Geestemunde, Germany. Ton-
nage: 9,832. Dimensions: 499' x 58'. Twin-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Renamed: (a) Potomac, (b)
Antigone. Sister ships: Main and Rhein.

Nederland (1873) Red Star Line.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 2,950. Dimensions: 329' x
38'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Three masts and one funnel.
Made final voyage to New York in 1893.

Neustria (1883) Fabre Line.

Built by Claparede & Co., Rouen, France. Tonnage: 2,687.
Dimensions: 328' x 40'. Single-screw, 12 knots. Made final
voyage to New York in 1908.

Nevada (1868) Guion Line.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 3,125. Dimensions: 345' x
43'. Single-screw. Two masts and one funnel. Note: Sold
to the Dominion Line and renamed Hamilton. Scrapped
in 1893.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

135

New England (1898) Dominion Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
12,099. Dimensions: 550' x 59'. Twin-screw, 16 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: (a) Romanic, (b)
Scandinavian. Scrapped in 1923.

New York (1858) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,528. Dimensions: 310' x 40'. Single-screw. Three masts
and one funnel. Sister ship: Bremen.

New York (1888) American Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 10,499. Dimensions: 528' x 63'. Twin-screw, 20 ^
knots. Three masts and two funnels. Ex-City of New
York. Renamed: Pittsburg. Note: As originally built
this ship had three funnels and three masts. Sister ship:
Philadelphia.

New York (1927) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 21,455. Di-
mensions: 602' x 72'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two masts and
two funnels. Note: She was later lengthened to 645 feet and
tonnage increased to 23,337 tons gross. At the time of her
reconstruction her speed was advanced to 20 knots. Sister
ship: Hamburg.

Newfoundland (1925) Furness Withy Co.

Built by Vickers, Armstrong, Ltd., Barrow-in-Furnace,
England. Tonnage: 6,791. Dimensions: 406' x 55'. Twin-
screw, 15 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Sunk by
bombs of enemy aircraft off Salerno, Italy on September 13,
1943, while being used as a hospital ship. Sister ship: Nova
Scotia.

Niagara (1848) Cunard Line.

Built by Robert Steele & Co., Greenock, Scotland. Ton-
nage: 1,825. Dimensions: 251' x 38'. Paddle-wheels 10
knots. Three masts and one funnel. Note: The Cunard
Line sold her to Glasgow shipbuilders in 1866, who converted
her into a sailing ship. She was later wrecked near the South
Stack on June 6, 1875, with no loss of life. Sister ships:
America, Canada and Europa.

Niagara (1908) French Line.

Built by Atel & Ch. de La Loire, St. Nazaire, France. Ton-
nage: 9,614. Dimensions: 485' x 56'. Twin-screw, 14^
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Corse. Scrapped
in 1931.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

136

Nieuw Amsterdam (1906) Holland-American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
17,149. Dimensions: 600' x 68'. Twin-screw, 16 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Scrapped in 1931.

*Nieuw Amsterdam (1938) Holland-American Line.

Built by Rotterdam Dry Dock Co., Rotterdam, Nether-
lands. Tonnage: 36,287. Dimensions: 713' x 88'. Twin-
screw, 21 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: Sur-
vived all her services as a troopship throughout more than
four years of this war work.

Nomadic (1891) White Star Line.

Built by Cammell, Laird & Co., Ltd., Birkenhead, England.
Tonnage: 5,749. Dimensions: 460' x 49'. Twin-screw, 13
knots. Sister ship: Tauric.

Noordam (1902) Holland-American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
12,531. Dimensions: 550' x 62'. Twin-screw, 15 knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Renamed: Kungsholm. Scrapped
in 1928. Sister ships: Potsdam and Rijndam.

*Noordam (1939) Holland-American Line.

Built by Van P. Smit, Jr., Rotterdam, Netherlands. Ton-
nage: 10,726. Dimensions: 480' x 64'. Twin-screw, 19 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Sister ship: Zaandam.

Noordland (1884) Red Star Line.

Built by Laird Bros., Ltd., Birkenhead, England. Tonnage:
5,129. Dimensions: 400' x 47'. Single-screw, 13 H knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Broken up by shipbreakers in
1908.

Nord America (1882) La Veloce Line.

Built by John Elder & Co., Glasgow. Tonnage: 4,920. Di-
mensions: 418' x 50'. Single-screw, 16 knots. Three masts
and two funnels. Ex-Stirling Castle, ex-Nord America,
ex-Stirling Castle. Note: Wrecked near Arzilla in 1910.

Norge (1881) Scandinavian-American Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons., Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 3,318. Dimensions: 340' x 40'. Single-
screw, 13 knots. Three masts and one funnel. Ex-Pieter de
Coninck. Wrecked near Rockall in 1904.

Normandie (1933) French Line.

Built by Soc. Ch. & Atliers de St. Nazaire, Penhoet. Ton-
nage: 79,280. Dimensions: 981' x 117'. Quadruple-screw,

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

137

30 knots. Two masts and three funnels. Note: Her super-
structure was enlarged after completion, thus increasing the
tonnage to 82,799 tons gross. Taken over by the United
States Government during World War II and renamed
Lafayette. On February 9, 1942, was badly gutted by fire
at her New York pier and subsequently keeled over and sunk.
After much salvage work she was later refloated but was not
rebuilt and in September, 1946, was sold to the highest bidder
for scrap. In December, 1946, was towed to Port Newark,
New Jersey to be dismantled.

Normannia (1890) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 8,250. Dimensions: 500' x 57'. Twin-
screw, 18 1/6 knots. Two masts and three funnels. Note:
Sold to the Spanish Government in 1898 along with the
Columbia. The Spaniards renamed her Patriota. In 1899
she was sold to the French Line for their New York service
and renamed L' Aquitaine. Scrapped in 1906. Sister
ship: Columbia.

Norseman (1882) Dominion Line.

Built by Laird Bros., Ltd., Birkenhead, England. Tonnage:
4,000. Dimensions: 392' x 44'. Single-screw.

^Norseman (1897) Dominion Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
9,545. Dimensions: 500' x 62'. Twin-screw, 12 knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Ex-Brasilia.

North Briton (1858) Allan Line.

Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 2,190. Dimensions: 298' x 38'. Single-screw.
Three masts and one funnel. Wrecked on Paraquet Island
on November 5, 1861 with no loss of life.

Norwegian (1861) Allan Line.

Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 2,449. Single-screw. Note: Wrecked on St. Paul
Island on June 14, 1863, with no loss of life. Sister ship:
Hibernian.

Norwegian (1865) Allan Line.

Built by Tod & McGregor, Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage:
3,523. Dimensions: 375' x 39'. Single-screw. Ex-City of
New York. Made final voyage to New York in 1900.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

138

Netting Hill (1881) Twin Screw Line.

Built at Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage: 3,920. Dimensions:
420' x 45'. Twin-screw, 12 knots. She struck an iceberg
on February 5, 1883 and sank with no loss of life.

Nouveau Monde (1865) French Line.

Built at St. Nazaire, France. Tonnage: 4,503. Dimensions:
393' x 45'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Three masts and two
funnels. Ex-Labrador.

Nova Scotia (1926) Furness Withy Co.

Built by Vickers, Armstrong, Ltd., Barrow-in-Furnace,
England. Tonnage: 6,796. Dimensions: 406' x 55'. Twin-
screw, 15 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Torpedoed
and sunk in 1942. Sister ship: Newfoundland. Note:
These ships were used on the Liverpool-St. John-Boston
route.

Nova Scotian (1858) Allan Line.

Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 2,190. Dimensions: 280' x 38'. Single-screw.
Three masts and one funnel. She was later lengthened.

Numidian (1891) Allan Line.

Built by D. & W. Henderson & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 4,836. Dimensions: 400' x 45'. Single-screw, 13^
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Made final voyage to
Boston in 1914. Note: During the first World War she was
filled with cement and sunk in order to block a channel
against submarines.

Obdam (1880) Holland American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
3,699. Dimensions: 410' x 39'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Ex-British Queen. Tor-
pedoed and sunk in 1918.

Oceana (1891) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 7,815. Dimensions: 531' x 54'. Twin-screw, 16
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Scot. Note: Used
mostly on special cruise trips. Renamed: (a) Alfonso XIII,
(b) De Balboa, (c) Vasco Nunez de Balboa.

Oceania (1907) Unione Austriaca (Austro- American Line).
Built by Alexander Stephen & Son, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 5,497. Dimensions: 391' x 50'. Twin-screw,
15 knots. Two masts and one funnel.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

139

Oceania (1909) La Veloce Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 9,000. Dimensions: 476' x 55'. Twin-
screw, 16 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Renamed:
Stampalia.

Oceanic (1870) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
3,808. Dimensions: 420' x 42'. Single-screw, 14^ knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Note: Pioneer vessel of the
White Star Line. She was laid down in 1869 and launched
on August 27, 1870. Commenced maiden voyage from
Liverpool to New York in February, 1871. She terminated
her career in February, 1896, by being sold to the scrappers,
and was broken up on the Thames during the same year.
Sister ships: Atlantic, Baltic and Republic.

Oceanic (1899) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
17,274. Dimensions: 685' x 68'. Twin-screw, 21 knots.
Three masts and two funnels. Note: Cost approximately
$3,600,000 to build. She was the first ship to exceed the
Great Eastern in length. Her promenade deck extended
for 400 feet. Commenced her maiden voyage in September,
1899. Later she made a westward passage in 5 days, 16 hours
and 34 minutes. She stranded on Foula Island in 1914 and
became a total wreck.

Oder (1873) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
3,265. Dimensions: 351' x 39'. Single-screw, 14 H knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Had accommodations for 90
first-class, 126 second-class and 680 steerage passengers.
Note: The Neckar, Mosel, Rhein, Main, Donau, Freser
and America were similar ships.

Ohio (1869) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,394. Dimensions: 301' x 39'. Single-screw.

Ohio (1873) American Line.

Built by Wm. Cramp & Sons, Shipbuilding & Engineering
Co., Philadelphia, Penn. Tonnage: 3,104. Dimensions:
360' x 42'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Two masts and one
funnel. Foundered in August, 1909, after hitting a rock off
the Alaskan coast, sustaining a loss of 5 lives. Sister ships:
Indiana, Illinois and Pennsylvania. Note: Their speed
was increased later to 14 knots.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

140

Ohio (1923) Royal Mail Line.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 18,900.
Dimensions: 590' x 72'. Twin-screw, 17 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Ex-Munchen. Renamed: Albertic.
Note: The Ohio was .used for awhile on the Royal Mail
Line's service to New York during the early twenties.

Oldenburg (1890) North German Lloyd.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 5,006. Dimensions: 415' x 48'. Single-
screw, 13 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Sister ships:
Gera, Darmstadt, Karlesruhe and Stuttgart. Made
final voyage to New York in 1907.

Olinde-Rodrigues (1873) French Line.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
3,188. Dimensions: 350' x 39'. Single-screw. Ex-Fran-
conia.

Olympia (1871) Anchor Line.

British built. Tonnage: 2,210. Dimensions: 307' x 34'.
Single-screw. Note: She was later transferred to the Medi-
terranean service. Made final voyage to New York in 1897.

Olympic (1911) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
46,439. Dimensions: 852' x 92'. Triple-screw, 23 knots.
Two masts and four funnels. Note: Her building cost
amounted to about $7,500,000. From keel to navigating
bridge measured 104 feet. The tops of her funnels were 175
feet above the keel. While on her maiden voyage in 1912 she
was rammed and holed by the British cruiser Hawke, but
however, was in no danger of sinking. She acted as a troop-
ship during the first World War. In 1921 was reconditioned
and converted to oil burning equipment at a cost of about
$2,500,000. She rammed and sank the well-known lightship
Nantucket off the New England coast on May 16, 1934
during a thick fog. The seven members of the lightship crew
were lost. Broken up by shipbreakers in 1935. Sister ship:
Titanic.

Orbita (1915) Royal Mail Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
15,495. Dimensions: 550' x 67'. Triple-screw, 15 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Note: She was employed on the
Royal Mail Line's service between Hamburg, Southampton,
Cherbourg and New York. This service lasted from 1921 to

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

141

1927 and the Orduna, Oropessa, Orca and Ohio were the
other ships of the line used on this route. Afterwards the
Orbita was transferred back to her former owner, which was
the Pacific Steam Navigation Co. Sister ships: Orca and
Orduna.

Orca (1918) Royal Mail Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
16,063. Dimensions: 550' x 67'. Triple-screw, 15 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: Calgaric. Sister
ships: Orbita and Orduna. Note: See Orbita for further
details.

Orduna (1914) Royal Mail Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
15,507. Dimensions: 550' x 67'. Triple-screw, 15 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Note: This ship was launched
in September, 1913, for the Pacific Steam Navigation Com-
pany. Between 1914 to 1918 she was under charter to the
Cunard Line. After the first World War she was put on the
Royal Mail Line service between Europe and New York,
but as this trade was discontinued in 1927 she reverted back
to her original owner. Sister ships: Orbita and Orca.

Oregon (1883) Guion Line.

Built by John Elder & Co., Glasgow. Tonnage: 7,375. Di-
mensions: 501' x 54'. Single-screw, 18 ^ knots. Four masts
and two funnels. Note: She had 3-cylinder compound
engines that developed 13,575 indicated horse-power at 64
revolutions per minute. She commenced her maiden voyage
from Queenstown to New York on October 7, 1883, and made
the crossing in a record time of 6 days, 10 hours and 10
minutes. In June, 1884, she was sold to the Cunard Line
and retained her name. It was on March 14, 1886 that she
was in collision with an unknown schooner 18 miles east of
Long Island. She subsequently sunk, but all on board were
rescued by the North German Lloyd steamship Fulda.

Oregon (1883) Dominion Line.

Built at Dumbarton, Scotland. Tonnage: 3,672. Di-
mensions: 360' x 40'. Single-screw, 12 Y^ knots. Two masts
and one funnel. Sister ship: Sarnia.

Orel (1890) Russian Volunteer Fleet.

Built by Hawthorne, Leslie & Co., Ltd., Newcastle, England.
Tonnage: 4,880. Dimensions: 432' x 48'. Twin-screw, 19
knots. Three masts and two funnels.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

142

Orione (1883) Navigazione Generale Italiana.

Built by Robert Napier & Sons, Glasgow. Tonnage:, 4,161.
Dimensions: 380' x 42'. Single-screw, 16 knots. Sister ships:
Perseo and Sirio.

Oscar II (1901) Scandinavian-American Line.

Built by Sir James Laing and Sons, Ltd., Sunderland,
England. Tonnage: 10,012. Dimensions: 500' x 58'. Twin-
screw, 16 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Sister ships:
Hellig Olav and United States. Scrapped in 1934.

Oslofjord (1938) Norwegian- American Line.

Built by Deutsche Schiff-und Maschinenbau, Wesermunde,
Germany. Tonnage: 18,372. Dimensions: 563' x 73'.
Twin-screw, 20 knots. Two masts and two funnels. She
was sunk by a mine off the British Isles on December 13,
1940.

Ottawa (1874) Dominion Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
5,000. Dimensions: 455' x 45'. Single-screw, 16 knots.
Four masts and two funnels. Ex-Germanic. Renamed:
Gulcemal.

P. Caland (1874) Holland- American Line.

Built at Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage: 2,584. Dimensions:
350' x 38'. Single-screw, 10 knots. Three masts and one
funnel. Renamed: Caramanie.

P. de Satrustegui (1890) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish
Line).

Built by A. & J. Inglis, Glasgow. Tonnage: 4,671. Di-
mensions: 410' x 46'. Single-screw, 15 knots. Two masts
and one funnel. Ex-Tara.

Pacific (1849) Collins Line.

Built by W. H. Brown of New York. Tonnage: 2,856. Di-
mensions: 282' x 45'. Paddle-wheels, 12% knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Note: Cost about $700,000 to build.
She sailed from Liverpool on January 23, 1856, and was
never heard of again. There was a loss of 240 lives. Sister
ships: Arctic, Baltic and Atlantic.

Palatia (1893) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 7,118.
Dimensions: 460' x 52'. Twin-screw, 13 knots. Sister ship:
Patria.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

143

Palermo (1899) Navigazione Generate I ta liana.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 9,203. Dimensions: 470' x
56'. Twin-screw, 12 knots. Four masts and one funnel.
Ex-Lazio, ex-British Princess.

Palermo (1907) Navigazione Generale Italiana.

Built by Sir James Laing and Sons, Ltd., Sunderland,
England. Tonnage: 6,094. Dimensions: 430' x 52'. Twin-
screw, 14 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Ex-San
Giovanni. Scrapped in 1928.

Panama (1865) French Line.

Built at St. Nazaire, France. Tonnage: 4,287. Dimensions:
354' x 43'. Single-screw, 13^ knots. Renamed: Canada.

Panama (1875) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish Line).

Built by London and Glasgow Shipbuilding Co., Glasgow,
Scotland. Tonnage: 2,085. Dimensions: 331' x 34'. Single-
screw. Ex-Branksome Hall.

Pannonia (1904) Cunard Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 9,851. Dimensions: 486' x 59'. Twin-screw, 14
knots. Four masts and one funnel. Scrapped in 1922.

Paris (1889) American Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 10,669. Dimensions: 527' x 63'. Twin-screw, 20
knots. Three masts and two funnels. Ex-City of Paris.
Renamed: Philadelphia. Note: On May 20, 1899, she
stranded on the Manacles Rock, Cornwall, and remained
there until refloated in July of that year. Sister ship: New
York.

Paris (1921) French Line.

Built by Chantiers et Ateliers de Saint Nazaire, Penhoet,
St. Nazaire, France. Tonnage: 34,569. Dimensions: 735' x
83'. Quadruple-screw, 22 knots. Two masts and three
funnels. Note: She was laid down in 1913, but it was not
until 1921 that she was completed. She capsized and sunk
after being gutted by fire at her Havre pier on April 18, 1939.
Her hulk still remains in the shallow water of the port.

Parisian (1881) Allan Line.

Built by Robert Napier & Sons, Glasgow. Tonnage: 5,395.
Dimensions: 446' x 46'. Single-screw, 15 knots. Four masts
and two funnels. Note: This steel built steamship had her

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

144

original two funnels later replaced by a single large one. Sold
to Italian shipbreakers in January, 1914, and immediately
afterwards was dismantled at Genoa.

Parthia (1870) Cunard Line.

Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 3,502. Dimensions: 360' x 40'. Single-screw, 13
knots. Three masts and two funnels. Renamed: Victoria
(Alaskan Steamship Co.). Note: She was operated by the
United States Government during World War II. Now in
operation between Seattle and Alaska as a freighter.

Patria (1882) Fabre Line.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 4,053.
Dimensions: 358' x 42'. Single-screw, 11 knots. Three
masts and one funnel. Ex-Rugia.

Patria (1893) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 7,118.
Dimensions: 460' x 52'. Twin-screw, 13^ knots. Note:
She was destroyed by fire in the English Channel on No-
vember 17, 1899, with no loss of life. Sister ship: Palatia.

Patria (1913) Fabre Line.

Built by Forges et Chantiers de la Mediterranee, La Seyne,
France. Tonnage: 11,885. Dimensions: 487' x 59'. Twin-
screw, 16 knots. Two masts and three funnels. Note: Sunk
by an explosion in Haifa Harbor on November 26, 1940.
Sister ship: Providence.

Patria (1938) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Deutschewerft, Hamburg, Germany. Tonnage:
16,595. Dimensions: 589' x 73'. Twin-screw, 17 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Motorship. Note: Used on the
Central American route. Renamed: (a) Empire Welland,
(b) *Russia.

Patricia (1899) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 13,424.
Dimensions: 560' x 62'. Twin-screw, 13 H knots. Four
masts and one funnel. Sister ships: Graf Waldersee,
Pennsylvania and Pretoria.

Patris (1909) Greek Line. (Embiricps Bros.)

Built by Northumberland Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., New-
castle, England. Tonnage: 4,390. Dimensions: 370' x 47'.
Twin-screw, 14 ^ knots. Two masts and two funnels. Made
final voyage to New York in 1920.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

145

Pavonia (1882) Cunard Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage: 5,588.
Dimensions: 430' x 46'. Single-screw, 14 knots. Three
masts and one funnel. Note: Commenced her maiden
voyage from Liverpool to Boston on October 30, 1882. She
had accommodations for 200 cabin passengers and 1,000 in
steerage. Scrapped in 1901. Sister ship: Cepha Ionia.

Pennland (1870) Red Star Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 3,760. Dimensions: 361' x 41'. Single-screw, 13 knots.
Three masts and one funnel. Ex-Algeria. Made final
voyage to New York in 1893.

Pennland (1922) Red Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
16,322. Dimensions: 575' x 67'. Triple-screw, 16 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Pi ttsburg. Note: She was
built for the Dominion Line's Canadian service, but was
transferred to the White Star Line and later to the Red Star
Line. Finally became a unit of the Holland-American Line.
Bombed and sunk by German planes in the Gulf of Athens
on April 25, 1941. The survivors were picked up by a
British warship.

Pennsylvania (1863) National Line.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 2,890. Single-screw, 12 knots.
Three masts and one funnel. Note: In 1872 was lengthened
by Laird Bros., Birkenhead, England. Her tonnage was in-
creased to 4,276 tons gross. Renamed: Canada. Scrapped
in 1894.

Pennsylvania (1873) American Line.

Built by Wm. Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding & Engineering
Co., Philadelphia, Penn. Tonnage: 3,126. Dimensions:
360' x 42'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Two masts and one
funnel. Note: She ran aground on a ledge off Alaska in 1909
with a loss of 5 lives. This ship was the pioneer vessel of the
American Line and was launched in August, 1872. Com-
menced maiden voyage in May, 1873. Sister ships: Illinois,
Indiana and Ohio.

Pennsylvania (1896) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
13,333. Dimensions: 559' x 62'. Twin-screw, 13 Y2 knots.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

146

Four masts and one funnel. Renamed: Nansamond.
Scrapped in 1924. Sister ships: Graf Waldersee, Patricia
and Pretoria.

Pereire (1865) French Line.

British built. Tonnage: 3,950. Dimensions, 363' x 46'.
Paddle-wheels, 13 knots. Three masts and one funnel.
Note: During the seventies she was converted into a single-
screw type of propulsion. In 1888 was sold and converted
into a sailing ship and given the name Lancing. She was
sold to Italian shipbreakers in December, 1924, and scrapped
immediately. Sister ship: Napoleon III.

Perou (1907) French Line.

Built by Chantiers de L' Atlantique, St. Nazaire, France.
Tonnage: 6,599. Dimensions: 432' x 52'. Twin-screw, 16
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Sister ship: Guade-
loupe.

Perseo (1883) Navigazione Generale Italiana.

Built by Robert Napier & Sons, Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
4,158. Dimensions: 380' x 42'. Single-screw, 16 knots.

Persia (1856) Cunard Line.

Built by Robert Napier & Sons, Glasgow. Tonnage: 3,414.
Dimensions: 360' x 45'. Paddle-wheels, 12^ knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Note: She was sold out of the
Cunard service in 1868. This famous steamship was broken
up by shipbreakers on the Thames in the early seventies.
Sister ship: Scotia.

Persia (1894) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
5,713. Dimensions: 445' x 50'. Twin-screw, 13 knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Sister ship: Minnewaska.

Persian Monarch (1880) Wilson Line.

Built at Dumbarton, Scotland. Tonnage: 3,923. Di-
mensions: 360' x 48'. Single-screw, 12 ^ knots. Four masts
and one funnel. Wrecked on Long Island in 1894 with no
loss of life. Sister ship: Lydian Monarch.

Perugia (1901) Anchor Line.

Built by D. & W. Henderson & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 4,348. Dimensions: 375' x 47'. Single-screw, 13 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Sunk in the Mediterranean in
December, 1916. Note: She was usually on the Mediter-
ranean trade.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

147

Peruvian (1863) Allan Line.

Built by Robert Steele & Co., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,549. Dimensions: 320' x 39'. Single-screw. Three masts
and one funnel. Note: She was lengthened in 1874 to 373
feet and tonnage increased to 3,038 tons gross. Sister ship:
Moravian. Note: They were very handsome ships with
fine lines.

Pesaro (1901) Lloyd Sabaudo Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 12,335. Di-
mensions: 525' x 62. Twin-screw, 15^ knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Ex-Moltke. Note: The Moltke was
taken over by the Italian Government during the first World
War and they renamed her Pesaro. In the early twenties
the Lloyd Sabaudo Line operated her for several Atlantic
voyages. Scrapped in 1926.

Philadelphia (1889) American Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 10,786. Dimensions: 527' x 63'. Twin-screw, 19^
knots. Three masts and two funnels. Ex-City of Paris.
Note: She was broken up by shipbreakers in Italy during
1925 along with sister ship and also the St. Louis. Sister
ship: New York.

Phoenicia (1894) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg, Germany. Tonnage:
Dimensions: 460' x 52'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Sister ships:
Palatia and Patria.

*Piemonte (1918) Italia Line.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
15,209. Dimensions: 520' x 67'. Triple-screw, 16 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Minnedosa. Sister ship:
Liguria.

Pilsudski (1935) Gdynia- American Line.

Built by Cantieri Riuniti dell' Adriatico, Italy. Tonnage:
14,294. Dimensions: 498' x 70'. Twin-screw, 20 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Note: She was launched on
December 19, 1934, and entered her regular service in July,
1936. She was torpedoed and sunk on November 26, 1939.
Sister ship: Batory.

Pisa (1896) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 4,959. Dimensions: 390' x 46'. Single-
screw, 12 knots. Made final voyage to New York in 1914.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

148

Pittsburg (1922) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
16,322. Dimensions: 575' x 67'. Twin-screw, 16 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Renamed: Pennland. Sister
ship: Regina. Note: These two ships were originally laid
down for the Dominion Line. For further details see Penn-
land.

Pocahontas (1900) United States Mail Steamship Co.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 10,881.
Dimensions: 523' x 60'. Twin-screw, 15 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Ex-Prinzess Irene. Renamed: (a)
Bremen, (b) Karlesruhe.

Polonia (1910) Gdynia- American Line.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
7,890. Dimensions: 450' x 56'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Ex-Kursk.

Polynesian (1872) Allan Line.

Built by Robert Steele & Co. , Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage :
3,983. Dimensions: 400' x 42'. Single-screw, 13 1A knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Note: She commenced her
maiden voyage in October, 1872. Made the crossing be-
tween Quebec and Londonderry in 7 days, 18 hours and 55
minutes. Renamed: Lauren tian.

Pomeranian (1882) Allan Line.

Built by Earle's Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Hull, England. Tonnage: 4,365. Dimensions: 381' x 43'.
Single-screw, 12 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Ex-
Grecian Monarch. Note: The Pomeranian was tor-
pedoed and sunk 9 miles from Portland Bill on April 15,
1918, with the loss of 55 lives.

Pommerania (1873) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
3,382. Single-screw, 13 ]/2 knots. Note: She was sunk by
collision off Folkestone on November 25, 1878, with the loss
of over 50 lives.

Potsdam (1900) Holland-American Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 12,522. Di-
mensions: 547' x 62'. Twin-screw, 15 knots. Two masts
and one funnel. Renamed: (a) Stockholm, (b) Solglimt.
Note: The Stockholm was sold and converted into a floating
whaling factory ship, and renamed Solglimt. Sister ships:
Noordam and Rijndam.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

149

President (1840) London Line.

Built by Curling and Young at Limehouse on the Thames.
Tonnage: 2,366. Paddle-wheels. Two funnels and 3 masts.
Note: She was launched on December 7, 1839, and com-
menced her maiden voyage on August 1, 1840, making the
trip in 17 days. On March 11, 1841, she sailed from New
York with a small number of passengers and was never heard
of again.

President Arthur (1900) United States Lines.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 10,680.
Dimensions: 523' x 60'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Ex-Princess Matoika, ex-Prinzess
Alice, ex-Kiautschou. Renamed: City of Honolulu.

President Fillmore (1899) United States Lines.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 10,532.
Dimensions: 499' x 60'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Ex-Powha tan, ex-Hamburg. Renamed:
(a) New Rochelle, (b) Hudson.

President Grant (1907) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
18,072. Dimensions: 599' x 68'. Twin-screw, 14 M> knots.
Six masts and one funnel. Renamed: Republic. Sister
ship: President Lincoln. Note: These two fine ships were
noted for being the only six-masted liners on the Atlantic.

President Harding (1921) United States Lines.

Built by New York Shipbuilding Corp., Camden, N. J.
Tonnage: 13,869. Dimensions: 516' x 72'. Twin-screw, 19
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Ex-President Taft,
ex-Lone Star State. Renamed: Ville de Bruges. Tor-
pedoed and sunk in May, 1940. Note: There were a number
of ships of this class that were taken over by the Dollar Line.
Sister ship: President Roosevelt.

President Lincoln (1907) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
18,162. Dimensions: 599' x 68'. Twin-screw, 14 ^ knots.
Six masts and one funnel. Note: She was laid down for
Furness Withy & Co., Ltd., as the Scotian, but before com-
pletion was sold to the Hamburg-American Line who re-
named her President Lincoln. She was torpedoed and
sunk on May 31, 1918, with the loss of 26 lives. Sister ship:
President Grant.

*4Denotes ship still in service under same name.

150

President Roosevelt (1922) United States Lines.

Built by New York Shipbuilding Corp., Camden, N. J. Ton-
nage: 13,869. Dimensions: 516' x 72'. Twin-screw, 20
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Peninsular State.
Renamed: Joseph T. Dickman. Sister ship: President
Harding. Note: These ships were of a class of similar ships
built during the 1920-1922 period. Most of them were taken
over by the Dollar Line.

Presidente Wilson (1912) Cosulich Line.

Built by Unione Austriaca. Tonnage: 12,588. Dimensions:
477' x 60'. Twin-screw, 18}/£ knots. Two masts and two
funnels. Ex-Kaiser Franz Josef I. Renamed: (a) Gange,
(b) Marco Polo.

Pretoria (1897) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 13,234. Di-
mensions: 561' x 62'. Twin-screw, 13^ knots. Four masts
and one funnel. Sister ships: Graf Waldersee, Patricia
and Pennsylvania.

Pretorian (1900) Allan Line.

Built by Furness, Withy & Co., Ltd., W. Hartlepool, Eng-
land. Tonnage: 6,436. Dimensions: 436' x 53'. Single-
screw, 14 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Scrapped in
1925. Note: Had been taken over by the Canadian Pacific
Line.

Preussen (1886) North German Lloyd.

Built by J. C. Tecklenborg & Co., Geestemunde, Germany.
Tonnage: 5,295. Dimensions: 454' x 45'. Single-screw, 14 %
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Scrapped in 1910.

Princess Matoika (1900) United States Lines.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 10,680.
Dimensions: 523' x 60'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Ex-Prinzess Alice, ex-Kiautschou.
Renamed: (a) President Arthur, (b) City of Honolulu.
Note: She had been obtained from the United States Ship-
ping Board.

Principe di Piemonte (1907) Lloyd Sabaudo Line.

Built by Sir James Laing & Sons., Ltd., Sunderland, Eng-
land. Tonnage: 6,365. Dimensions: 430' x 52'. Twin-screw,
14 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Renamed: (a)
Principello, (b) Folia. Sister ships: Re d' Italia and
Regina d' Italia.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

151

Principe di Udine (1908) Lloyd Sabaudo Line.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
7,794. Dimensions: 450' x 55'. Twin-screw, 16 K knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Sister ship : Tomaso di Savoia.
Made final voyage to New York in 1916. Transferred to the
South American route. Scrapped in 1929.

Principe Umberto (1909) Navigazione Generale Italiana.
Built by Cantieri Navali Riuniti, Palermo, Italy. Tonnage:
7,838. Dimensions: 476' x 53'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Sister ship: Duca Degli Abruzzi.
Used on the South American route. Removed from register
in 1917.

Principello (1907) Canadian Northern Line.

Built by Sir James Laing and Sons, Ltd., Sunderland,
England. Tonnage: 6,365. Dimensions: 430' x 52'. Twin-
screw, 14 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Principe
di Piemonte. Renamed: Folia.

Principessa Jolanda (1908) Italian owners.

Built in Italy. Tonnage: 9,200. Dimensions: 486' x 49'.
Twin-screw. Two masts and two funnels. Note: Never put
on the Atlantic service because she capsized while being
launched on September 22, 1907. She laid on her side in the
harbor with only a fraction of her completed hull showing
above water and was subsequently broken up by ship-
breakers. Sister ship: Principessa Mafalda.

Principessa Mafalda (1908) Navigazione Generale Italiana.
Built by Societa Esercizio Bacini, Riva Trigosa, Italy. Ton-
nage: 9,210. Dimensions: 485' x 58'. Twin-screw, 18^
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Foundered off the
coast of Bahia, Brazil on October 25, 1927, with the loss of
314 lives. Sister ship: Principessa Jolanda.

Prinz Adalbert (1902) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Bremer Vulcan Co., Vegesack, Germany. Tonnage:
6,030. Dimensions: 403' x 49'. Twin-screw, 13 knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Sister ship: Prinz Oskar. Made
final voyage to New York in 1914.

Prinz Eitel Friedrich (1902) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Flensburger Schiffsbau Ges., Flensburg, Germany.
Tonnage: 4,650. Dimensions: 371' x 45'. Single-screw,
12 3^ knots. Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: Otsego.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

152

Prinz Eitel Friedrich (1904) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 8,170.
Dimensions: 488' x 55'. Twin-screw, 15 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Renamed: (a) De Kalb, (b) Mount Clay.
Sister ship: Prinz Ludwig.

Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm (1908) North German Lloyd.

Built by J. C. Tecklenborg & Co., Geestemunde, Germany.
Tonnage: 17,082. Dimensions: 590' x 68'. Twin-screw, 17
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Renamed: (a) Empress
of India, (b) Montnairn, (c) Montlaurier.

Prinz Ludwig (1906) North German Lloyd.

German built. Tonnage: 9,687. Dimensions: 492' x 57'.
Twin-screws, 15 % knots. Two masts and two funnels. Re-
named : Orcades. Sister ship : Prinz Eitel Friedrich.

Prinz Oskar (1902) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Bremer Vulcan Co., Vegesack, Germany. Ton-
nage: 6,026. Dimensions: 403' x 49'. Twin-screw, 13 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Renamed: Orien. Sister ship:
Prinz Adalbert. Made final voyage to New York in 1914.

Prinz Sigismund (1902) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Akt. Ges. "Neptun," Rostock, Germany. Ton-
nage: 4,689. Dimensions: 370' x 45'. Single-screw, 12^
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: General
W. C. Gorgas.

Prinz Sigismund (1903) North German Lloyd.

Built at the Weser Yard at Bremen. Tonnage: 3,302. Di-
mensions: 327' x 42'. Twin-screw, 12 knots. Two masts and
two funnels. Renamed: Bambra. Note: Used mostly on
the Eastern trade.

Prinzess Alice (1900) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 10,911.
Dimensions: 523' x 60'. Twin-screw, 15^ knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Ex-Kiautschou. Renamed: (a)
Princess Matoika, (b) President Arthur, (c) City of
Honolulu. Sister ship: Prinzess Irene.

Prinzess Irene (1900) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 10,881.
Dimensions: 523' x 60'. Twin-screw, 15 Y^ knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Renamed: (a) Pocahontas, (b)
Bremen, (c) Karlesruhe. Sister ship: Prinzess Alice.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

153

Prinzessin Victoria Luise (1901) Hamburg- American Line.
Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 4,409. Di-
mensions: 407' x 47'. Twin-screw, 15 knots. Two masts and
two funnels. Note: She was usually employed as a cruise
ship. Wrecked near Plum Point, Jamaica in 1906.

*Providence (1915) Fabre Line.

Built by Forges et Chantiers de la Mediterranee, France.
Tonnage: 11,996. Dimensions: 511' x 59'. Twin-screw,
16 knots. Two masts and three funnels. Note: She was
later taken over and operated by Messageries Maritimes.
Sister ship: Patria.

Prussia (1894) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
7,008. Dimensions: 445' x 50'. Twin-screw. Two masts
and one funnel. Renamed: Dominion. Sister ship: Persia.

Puerto Rico (1913) French Line.

Built by Chantiers et Ateliers de Saint Nazaire, France.
Tonnage: 6,127. Dimensions: 413' x 51'. Twin-screw, 13
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Renamed: Meknes.
Sister ship: Haiti.

*Pulaski (1912) Gdynia- American Line.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
6,516. Dimensions: 425' x 53'. Twin-screw, 15^ knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Estonia, ex-Czar. Note:
She is to be renamed Empire Penryn and operated by the
Lamport & Holt Line. (1946 news item)

Queen (The Queen) (1864) National Line.

Built at Birkenhead, England. Tonnage: 3,500. Di-
mensions: 371' x 41'. Single-screw, 12^ knots. Three
masts and one funnel. Note: She was later lengthened and
tonnage increased to 4,471 tons gross. Made final voyage to
New York in 1892. Sister ship: England.

*Queen Elizabeth (1940) Cunard White Star Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 83,673. Dimensions: 1,031 feet overall and beam
of 118 feet. Quadruple-screw, 31 knots. Two masts and
two funnels. Note: The largest ship built. Launched on
September 27, 1938. Used extensively during World War II
as a troopship. On October 21, 1946, she completed her first
peacetime voyage and made the Atlantic crossing in four
days, 16 hours, 18 minutes.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

154

*Queen Mary (1935) Gunard White Star Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 80,774. Dimensions: 975' x 118'. Quadruple-
screw, 30 knots. Two masts and three funnels. Note:
Launched on September 26, 1934. Commenced her maiden
voyage on May 27, 1936. Won the Blue Ribbon on August
25, 1936. She has an overall length of 1,018^ feet. From
her keel to rim of foremost funnel 180 feet high.

Re di Italia (1907) Lloyd Sabaudo Line.

Built by Sir James Laing & Sons, Ltd., Sunderland, England.
Tonnage: 6,237. Dimensions: 430' x 52'. Twin-screw, 14
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Sister ships: Regina di
Italia and Principe di Piemonte. Made final voyage to
New York in 1922. Transferred to the South American
trade. Scrapped in 1930.

ReVittorio (1907) Navigazione Generate Italians.

Built by Cantieri Navali Odero, Genoa, Italy. Tonnage:
7,847. Dimensions: 476' x 53'. Twin-screw, 16^ knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Sister ship: Regina Elena.
She was used on the South American route. Scrapped in
1929.

Regina (1918) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Glasgow, Scotland. Ton-
nage: 16,289. Dimensions: 575' x 67'. Triple-screw, 16
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Renamed: Western-
land. Note: She was launched as the Regina for the Do-
minion Line, but shortly afterwards transferred to the White
Star Line. Sister ship : Pittsburg.

Regina di Italia (1907) Lloyd Sabaudo Line.

Built by Sir James Laing & Sons, Ltd., Sunderland, England.
Tonnage: 6,240. Dimensions: 430' x 52'. Twin-screw, 14
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Sister ships: Re <P
Italia and Principe di Piemonte. Made final voyage to
New York in 1924. Transferred to the South American
route. Scrapped in 1929.

Regina Elena (1907) Navigazione Generate Italiana.

Built by Cantieri Ligur. Ancon, Ancona, Italy. Tonnage:
7,865. Dimensions: 476' x 53'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Sister ship: Re Vittorio. Used on
the South American route. Name removed from register in
1918.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

155

Regina Margherita (1884) Navigazione Generale Italiana.
Built by A.' McMillan & Son, Dumbarton, Scotland. Ton-
nage: 3,577. Dimensions: 396' x 42'. Single-screw, 16 knots.

Reina Maria Cristina (1888) Compania Trasatlantica
(Spanish).

Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 4,818. Dimensions: 408' x 48'. Single-screw,
16 knots. Four masts and one funnel. Sister ship : Alfonso
XIII.

Reina Victoria Eugenia (1913) Compania Trasatlantica
(Spanish Line).

Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd.,
Wallsend-on-Tyne, Newcastle, England. Tonnage: 10,137.
Dimensions: 480' x 61'. Triple-screw, 17 knots. Two masts
and one funnel. Renamed: Argentina. Sister ship: Infanta
Isabel de Borbon.

Reliance (1920) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Deutsche Schiff, Bremen, Germany. Tonnage : 19,802.
Dimensions: 590' x 72'. Triple-screw, 17 knots. Two masts
and three funnels. Note: She was laid down in 1914 for the
Hamburg-American Line, but work was held up during the
War. In 1920 she was completed and turned over to the
Dutch, though soon afterwards transferred to United States.
The Hamburg-American later purchased the liner for their
Atlantic trade. Ex-Johann Heinrich Burchardt, ex-
Limburgia. Sister ship: Resolute.

Republic (1871) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
3,707. Dimensions: 426' x 41'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Note: Commenced her maiden
voyage on February 1, 1872. Renamed: (a) Maasdam, (b)
Vittoria, (c) Citta di Napoli. Scrapped in 1910. Sister
ships: Atlantic, Baltic and Oceanic.

Republic (1900) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
15,378. Dimensions: 593' x 59'. Twin-screw, 15 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Ex-Columbus. Note: She had
been built as the Columbus for the Dominion Line, but in
1903 was transferred to the White Star Line. It was on
January 23, 1909, that she collided with the Italian emigrant
liner Florida during a dense fog near Nantucket. The dis-
aster caused the Republic to sink and cost the lives of 6

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

156

passengers who were in their cabins at time of the crash.
The use of wireless was the effective means of bringing rescue
ships to the scene. See Florida for additional information.

*Republic (1907) United States Lines.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
17,910. Dimensions: 599' x 68'. Twin-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Ex-President Grant. Note:
Launched as the Servia for Furness Withy & Co., Ltd., but
was sold to the Hamburg-American Line before completion
and renamed President Grant. In 1934 the United States
Lines sold the Republic to the United States Army and she
was converted into a troop transport.

Resolute (1920) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by J. C. Tecklenborg & Co., Geestemunde, Germany.
Tonnage: 19,692. Dimensions: 590' x 72'. Triple-screw,
17 knots. Two masts and three funnels. Ex-William
O'Swald, ex-Brabantia. Renamed: Lombardia. Sister
ship: Reliance. Note: These two ships were laid down in
1914 for the Hamburg-American Line but were not com-
pleted until after the War. They were first turned over to
the Dutch but afterwards transferred to the United States.
The Hamburg-American Line during the early twenties
bought both ships for their Atlantic trade. The Resolute
was sold to the Italian Government in August, 1935, and
renamed Lombardia.

Rex (1932) Italia Line.

Built by Societa Anonima Ansaldo, Sestri, Ponente, Italy.
Tonnage: 5 1,062. Dimensions: 833' x 97'. Quadruple-screw,
28 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: This great
liner was sunk by British torpedo planes on September 9,
1944, while being towed by the Germans to a new hiding
place. She now lies on her side in shallow water near Trieste
with only a fraction of her hull above water. Indeed a pitiful
sight when one remembers how majestic she appeared before
the War.

Rhaetia (1883) Hamburg-American Line.

Built at the Reiherstieg Yard at Hamburg. Tonnage: 3,458.
Dimensions: 351' x 43'. Single-screw, 11 knots. Three
masts and one funnel. Sister ship: Rugia.

Rhaetia (1904) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Bremer Vulcan Co., Vegesack, Germany. Tonnage:
6,600. Dimensions: 409' x 52'. Single-screw, 13 knots.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name

157

Rhein (1868) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
3,075. Dimensions: 345' x 40'. Single-screw, 14^ knots.

Rhein (1899) North German Lloyd.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 10,058. Di-
mensions: 501' x 58'. Twin-screw, 13 knots. Four masts
and one funnel. Renamed: Susquehanna. Sister ships:
Main and Neckar.

Rhynland (1879) Red Star Line.

Built by Vickers, Sons & Maxim, Ltd., Barrow-in-Furnace,
England. Tonnage: 3,689. Dimensions: 402' x 40'. Single-
screw, 123/6 knots. Four masts and one funnel. Renamed:
Rhyna (Italian.) Scrapped in 1906.

Rijndam (1901) Holland-American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
12,529. Dimensions: 550' x 62'. Twin-screw, 15 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Scrapped in 1930. Sister ships:
Noordam and Potsdam.

Roehu m beau (1911) French Line.

Built by Chantiers et Ateliers de Saint Nazaire, Penhoet,
France. Tonnage: 12,678. Dimensions: 559' x 63'. Quad-
ruple-screw, 15 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Scrap-
ped in 1934.

Roma (1902) Fabre Line.

Built by Forges & Chantiers de la Mediterranee, La Seyne,
France. Tonnage: 5,291. Dimensions: 411' x 46'. Single-
screw, 14^ knots. Two masts and two funnels. Made final
voyage to New York in 1927.

Roma (1926) Navigazione Generate Italiana.

Built by Ansaldo Societa Anonima, Sestri, Ponente, Italy.
Tonnage: 32,583. Dimensions: 666' x 82'. Quadruple-screw,
21 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: From her keel
to navigating bridge measured 98 feet. She was converted
into an Italian aircraft carrier during World War II and re-
named Aquila. She was sent to the bottom of the sea during
the War. Sister ship: Augustus.

Roman (1884) Dominion Line.

Built by Laird Bros., Ltd., Birkenhead, England. Tonnage:
4,572. Dimensions: 405' x 43'. Single-screw. Four masts
and one funnel.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

158

Romanic (1898) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
11,394. Dimensions: 550' x 59'. Twin-screw, 16 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Ex-New England. Renamed:
Scandinavian.

Roon (1903) North German Lloyd.

Built by J. G. Tecklenborg & Co., Geestemunde, Germany.
Tonnage: 8,022. Dimensions: 453' x 55'. Twin-screw, 14J/£
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Sister ships: Gneisenau
and Scharnhorst.

Rossi ja (1908) Russian- American Line.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow, Scotland.
Tonnage: 8,596. Dimensions: 475' x 57'. Twin-screw, 16
knots. Four masts and two funnels. Ex-Russia. Re-
named: (a) Russ, (b) Latvia, (c) Fuso Maru, (d) Huso
Maru.

Rotterdam (1886) Holland-American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
3,329. Dimensions: 390' x 38'. Single-screw, 13^ knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Ex-British Empire.

Rotterdam (1897) Holland- American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
8,287. Dimensions: 469' x 53'. Twin-screw, 15 knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Renamed: (a) C. F. Tietgen, (b)
Dwinsk. Torpedoed in 1918, while under the name Dwinsk.

Rotterdam (1908) Holland-American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
24,149. Dimensions: 560' x 77'. Twin-screw, 18 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Broken up by shipbreakers in
1931. Note: She had always been a very comfortable and
popular liner.

Roumanian (1882) Allan Line.

Built by Murray & Co., Dumbarton, Scotland. Tonnage:
4,126. Dimensions: 420' x 47'. Single-screw. Four masts
and one funnel. Ex-Richmond Hill.

Roussillon (1906) French Line.

Built by the Weser Shipbuilding Yard at Bremen. Tonnage:
8,800. Dimensions: 462' x 57'. Twin-screw, 14 knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Scrapped in 1931. Ex-Goeben.

Royal Edward (1908) Royal Line.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 11,117. Dimensions: 525' x 60'. Triple-

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

159

screw, 20 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Cairo.
Note: She was torpedoed and sunk 6 miles from Kamade-
liusa, Aegean Sea on August 13, 1915 with the loss of 132
lives. Sister ship: Royal George.

Royal George (1907) Royal Line.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 11,146. Dimensions : 525 'x 60'. Triple-
screw, 20 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Heli-
opolis. Scrapped in 1923. Sister ship: Royal Edward.
Note: The Royal George was operated by the Cunard Line
after the first World War for a short time.

Royal William (1838) City of Dublin Co.

Built at Liverpool, England. Tonnage: 720. Dimensions:
145' x 27'. Paddle-wheels, 7}^ knots. Two masts and one
funnel* Note: She had side lever type of engine of 400 i.h.p.
Scrapped in 1888.

Rugia (1882) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 4,053.
Dimensions: 358' x 42'. Single-screw, 11 knots. Three
masts and one funnel. Renamed: Patria. Sister ship:
Rhaetia.

Rugia (1905) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 6,598.
Dimensions: 409' x 52'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Two masts
and one funnel.

Runic (1889) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
4,833. Dimensions: 430' x 45'. Single-screw, 13 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Renamed: Tampican. Sister
ship: Cufic.

Russia (1867) Cunard Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage: 2,959.
Dimensions: 358' x 42'. Single-screw, 14 knots. Three
masts and one funnel. Note: Later she was lengthened to
435 feet and tonnage increased to 4,752 tons. She was sold
to the Red Star Line in 1881 and renamed Waesland.

Russia (1889) Hamburg-American Line.

Built at Liverpool, England. Tonnage: 3,908. Dimensions:
374' x 44'. oingle-screw, 13 knots. Two masts and one
funnel. Ex-Santa Barbara, ex-Russia.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

160

Russia (1908) Russian- American Line.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
8,596. Dimensions: 475' x 57'. Twin-screw, 16 knots.
Four masts and two funnels. Renamed: (a) Rossi ja, (b)
HUSH, (c) Latvia, (d) Fuso Maru, (e) Huso Maru.

Saale (1886) North German Lloyd.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 4,806. Dimensions: 428' x 47'. Single-
screw, 18 knots. Four masts and two funnels. Sister ships:
Aller and Trave. Note: The Saale was built by John Elder
& Co., Glasgow. This shipbuilding firm's name was shortly
afterwards changed to Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering
Co., Ltd. In later years the Saale was sold to the Lucken-
back Line and converted into a freighter and named J. L.
Luckenback. Finally her named was changed to Madison.
She was broken up by Italian shipbreakers in 1924.

Sachsen (1886) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 5,026.
Dimensions: 440' x 45'. Single-screw, 14^ knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Sister ship: Bayern.

St. Germain (1874) French Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 3,641. Dimensions: 377' x 40'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Klopstock. Made final
voyage to New York in 1900.

Saint Laurent (1866) French Line.

Built by Scott's Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd., at
St. Nazaire, France. Tonnage: 3,989. Dimensions: 355' x
43'. Single-screw. Three masts and two funnels.

St. Laurent (1905) French Line.

Built by Ch. & Atel. de St. Nazaire, Rouen. Tonnage: 5,614.
Dimensions: 392' x 50'. Single-screw. Made final voyage
to New York in 1914.

St. Louis (1895) American Line.

Built by Wm. Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding & Engineering
Co., Philadelphia, Penn. Tonnage: 11,629. Dimensions:
535' x 63'. Twin-screw, 21 knots. Two masts and two
funnels. Note: Launched on the Delaware on November 12,
1894. Commenced her maiden voyage from New York to
Southampton on June 5, 1895. In 1917 was renamed Louis-
ville and employed as a transport during the War. In 1925

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

161

she was towed by two Dutch tugs from New York to Italy
where ship was dismantled by shipbreakers. Sister ship:
St. Paul.

*St. Louis (1929) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Bremer Vulcan Co., Vegesack, Germany. Tonnage:
16,732. Dimensions: 543' x 72'. Twin-screw, 16 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Motorship. Sister ship:
Milwaukee.

St. Paul (1895) American Line.

Built by Wm. Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding & Engineering
Co., Philadelphia, Penn. Tonnage: 11,629. Dimensions:
535' x 63'. Twin-screw, 21 knots. Two masts and two
funnels. She was launched in March, 1895. Taken over
by the United States Government during the War and
renamed Knoxville. She was towed across the Atlantic to
Germany in 1923 and broken up by shipbreakers. Sister
ship: St. Louis. Note: These two fine liners were note-
worthy additions to American shipping.

Salier (1875) North German Lloyd.

Built at Hull, England. Tonnage: 3,098. Dimensions: 353'
x 39'. Single-screw, 13 ^j knots. Two masts and one funnel.
Made final voyage to New York in 1895. Note: She was the
pioneer North German Lloyd mail steamer to Australia, and
was usually employed on the Germany-Australia route. In
December, 1896, she sunk in Bay of Biscay with great loss
of life. Sister ship: Habsburg.

Samaria (1868) Cunard Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 2,605. Dimensions: 320' x 39'. Single-screw. Two
masts and one funnel. Made last voyage to Boston in July,
1892. Broken up by shipbreakers in 1902. Sister ship:
Siberia.

*Samaria (1921) Cunard Line.

Built by Cammell, Laird & Co., Ltd., Birkenhead, England.
Tonnage: 19,597. Dimensions: 601' x 73'. Twin-screw,
16^ knots. Two masts and one funnel. Sister ships:
Laconia and Scythia.

Samland (1903) Red Star Line.

Built by New York Shipbuilding Corp., Camden, N. J.
Tonnage: 9,748. Dimensions: 490' x 58'. Twin-screw, 13
knots. Four masts and one funnel. Ex-Belgic, ex-Sam-
land, ex-Mississippi. Scrapped in 1931.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

162

San Gennaro (1917) Pierce Bros. Company.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 10,917. Dimensions: 518' x
64'. Twin-screw, 17 knots. Two masts and two funnels.
Renamed: Colombo.

San Giorgio (1886) Sicula Americana Line.

Built by Oswald & Co., Southampton, England. Tonnage:
2,817. Dimensions: 307' x 41'. Single-screw. Ex-Shakes-
peare. Note: Later was owned by Marittima Italiana.

San Giorgio (1907) Sicula Americana Line.

Built by Sir James Laing and Sons, Ltd., Sunderland,
England. Tonnage: 6,222. Dimensions: 406' x 51'. Twin-
screw, 13^ knots. Two masts and three funnels. Renamed:
Napoli.

San Giovanni (1907) Sicula Americana Line.

Built by Sir James Laing and Sons, Ltd., Sunderland,
England. Tonnage: 6,592. Dimensions: 430' x 52'. Twin-
screw, 13^ knots. Two masts and two funnels. Renamed:
Palermo.

San Gughelmo (1911) Sicula Americana Line.

Built by D. & W. Henderson & Co., Ltd., Glasgow, Scotland.
Tonnage: 8,341. Dimensions: 470' x 56'. Twin-screw, 15}^
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Scrapped in 1919.
Made final voyage to New York in 1916.

San Guisto (1890) Cosulich Line.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 8,874.
Dimensions: 504' x 57'. Twin-screw, 17 knots. Two masts
and three funnels. Ex-Gaa, ex-Moskva, ex-Don, ex-Furst
Bismark. Note: The San Guisto was used as an emigrant
carrier for a short time. She was broken up by shipbreakers
in 1924.

Sannio (1899) Navigazione Generale Italiana.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 9,210. Dimensions: 470' x
56'. Twin-screw, 12 ]/% knots. Four masts and one funnel.
Ex-British Prince. Renamed: Napoli.

Sant' Anna (1910) Fabre Line.

Built by Forges & Chantiers de la Mediterranee, La Seyne,
France. Tonnage: 9,350. Dimensions: 470' x 56'. Twin-

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

163

screw, 16 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Made final
voyage to New York in 1915. Note: Sunk during the first
World War.

Santiago (1890) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish Line).
British built. Tonnage: 5,206. Dimensions: 410' x 48'.
Single-screw. Ex-Leon XIII, ex-Jelunga. Renamed: (a)
Jelunga, (b) Jehangir.

Santo Domingo (1877) Compania Trasatlantica (Spanish
Line).

Built by Robert Napier & Sons, Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
2,805. Dimensions: 344' x 39'. Single-screw, 13^ knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Dublin Castle. Note:
Wrecked off the Isle of Pines in July, 1898.

Saragossa (1874) Cunard Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 2,166. Dimensions: 316' x 35'. Single-screw. Carried
few passengers, and employed on the Boston service.

Sardegna (1923) Italia Line.

Built by Bremer Vulcan Co., Vegesack, Germany. Tonnage:
11,452. Dimensions: 490' x 61'. Twin-screw, 14 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Sierra Ventana. Note:
The Italians obtained her from the North German Lloyd in
1935.

Sardnian (1875) Allan Line.

Built by Robert Steele & Co., Greenock, Scotland. Ton-
nage: 4,376. Dimensions: 400' x 42'. Single-screw, 13 Y^
knots. Three masts and one funnel. Note: She caught fire
from an explosion on board ship while bound to Quebec from
Liverpool on May 10, 1878. Many lives were lost.

Sarmatian (1871) Allan Line.

Built by Robert Steele & Co., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
3,920. Dimensions: 370' x 42'. Single-screw, 13 H knots.
Three masts and one funnel. Broken up at Rotterdam by
shipbreakers in 1908.

Sarnia (1882) Dominion Line.

Built by C. Connell Company, Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage:
3,726. Dimensions: 360' x 40'. Single-screw, 13 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Had accommodations for 80
first-class, 60 second-class and 1,200 steerage. Sister ship:
Oregon.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

164

Saturnia (1910) Anchor-Donaldson Line.

Built by C. Connell & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage: 8,611.
Dimensions: 456' x 55'. Twin-screw, 14 knots. Two masts
and one funnel. Note: She was quite similar in appearance
to the Letitia of 1912. The Saturnia was broken up by
shipbreakers in 1929.

*Saturnia (1927) Cosulich Line.

Built by Cantieri Riuniti Dell' Adriatico, Monfalcone, Italy.
Tonnage: 23,940. Dimensions: 601' x 79'. Twin-screw, 21
knots. Motorship. Two masts and one funnel. Note: She
was later transferred to the newly formed Italia Line. In
1935 was fitted with new Diesel engines which increased her
speed to 21 knots. During the second World War was taken
over by the United States Government and converted into
a hospital ship and name changed to Francis Y. Slanger.
Sister ship: Vulcania. These two ships are to be returned
to the Italians in 1947.

Savoia (1897) La Veloce Line.

Built by Navali Odero & Co., Foce, Genoa, Italy. Tonnage:
4,429. Dimensions: 462' x 45'. Twin-screw, 15 H knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Note: At one time her tonnage
was listed as 5,082 tons gross.

Saxonia (1857) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,404. Dimensions: 317' x 40'. Single-screw. Note: One
of the very few failures built by Caird & Co. The builders
replaced her original engines with ones of the compound
type. In 1877 was sold to the Russian Volunteer Fleet and
renamed Nijni Novgorod.

Saxonia (1900) Cunard Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 14,197. Dimensions: 580' x 64'. Twin-screw, 16
knots. Four masts and one funnel. Note: Built for the
Liverpool-Boston service. She had accommodations for 160
first-class, 200 second-class and 1,600 third -class passengers.
Reported to have cost about $1,600,000 to build. Broken
up by shipbreakers in 1926. Sister ship: Ivernia. Their
huge single funnels measured 106 feet high from deck level
and gave them the distinction of having the tallest funnel
ever fitted to a steamship.

Scandia (1889) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 4,243.
Dimensions: 370' x 44'. Single-screw, 13>6 knots. Two

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

165

masts and one funnel. Had accommodations for 30 first-
class and 1,400 steerage passengers.

Scandinavian (1898) Allan Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
12,116. Dimensions: 550' x 59'. Twin-screw, 14^ knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Ex- Romanic, ex-New Eng-
land. Scrapped in 1923.

Scharnhorst (1904) North German Lloyd.

Built by J. C. Tecklenborg & Co., Geestemunde, Germany.
Tonnage: 8,131. Dimensions: 453' x 55'. Twin-screw, 13^
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: La Bourdon-
nais. Sister ships: Roon and Gneisenau.

Schiller (1872) Eagle Line. (Hamburg, Germany).

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
3,408. Dimensions: 375' x 40'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Wrecked on Sicily Islands on
the evening of May 7, 1875, while bound on voyage from
New York to Hamburg. There was a loss of 200 lives.

Schleswig (1903) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 6,955.
Dimensions: 450' x 52'. Twin-screw, 13^ knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Renamed: General Duchesne.

Scotia (1862) Cunard Line.

Built by Robert Napier & Sons, Glasgow, Scotland. Ton-
nage: 3,871. Dimensions: 379' x 47'. Paddle-wheels, 13
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note : The last Cunard
iron paddle steamer. She had the greatest power indicated
by paddle-wheel engines of transatlantic steamers. Her
4,000 indicated horse-power engines were capable of driving
the ship at 14 knots. Sailed on last voyage for Cunard Line
in September, 1875. She was afterwards sold to the Tele-
graph Construction and Maintenance Company for telegraph
cable purposes. They converted her into a twin-screw
steamer.

Scotia (1889) Anchor Line.

British built. Tonnage: 2,846. Dimensions: 310' x 40'.
Single-screw.

Scotian (1898) Allan Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
10,417. Dimensions: 505' x 59'. Twin-screw, 14 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Statendam. Renamed:
Marglen.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

166

Scotland (1865) National Line.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 3,803. Dimensions: 371' x
41'. Single-screw, 12 knots. Note: She was in collision with
ship named Kate Dyer off Fire Island, New York, on De-
cember 1, 1866, and driven ashore where she subsequently
broke up.

Scotstoun (1925) British Admiralty.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 17,046. Dimensions: 553' x 70.' Twin-
screw, 15 ]/2 knots. Two masts and three funnels. Ex-
Caledonia (former Anchor liner). Torpedoed and sunk on
January 13, 1940 while serving as a British auxiliary cruiser.

Scythia (1875) Cunard Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 4,556. Dimensions: 420' x 42'. Single-screw, 15
knots. Three masts and one funnel. Scrapped in 1900.
Sister ship: Bothnia.

*Scythia (1920) Cunard Line.

Built by Vickers, Armstrong, Ltd., Barrow-in-Furnace,
England. Tonnage: 19,761. Dimensions: 600' x 73'. Twin-
screw, 16^2 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Sister ships:
Laconia and Samaria.

Semiramis (1895) Lloyd Austriaco.

Built by Wm. Denny & Brothers, Ltd., Dumbarton, Scot-
land. Tonnage: 4,165. Dimensions: 377' x 44'. Single-
screw, 16 knots. Two masts and one funnel.

Sepione (1877) Navigazione Generale Italiana.

Built by Wm. Denny & Brothers, Ltd., Dumbarton, Scot-
land. Tonnage: 3,149. Dimensions: 350' x 39'. Single-
screw. Two masts and one funnel. Ex-German. Note:
She was converted into a hulk in October, 1902.

Servia (1881) Cunard Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 7,391. Dimensions: 515' x 52'. Single-screw, 17
knots. Three masts and two funnels. Note: Attained a
speed of 18 knots on her trials. She was the first Cunarder
to be built of steel. Her main dining saloon measured 74 feet
by 49 feet wide, with a height of 8^ feet, and could seat 350
passengers. She was broken up by shipbreakers in 1901.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

167

Seydlitz (1903) North German Lloyd.

Built by F. Schichau, Danzig, Germany. Tonnage: 7,942.
Dimensions: 442' x 55'. Twin-screw, 14^ knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Scrapped in 1933. Sister ship:
Zieten.

Siberia (1867) Cunard Line.

Built by John Elder & Co., Go van, Glasgow. Tonnage:
2,498. Dimensions: 320' x 39'. Single-screw. Three masts
and one funnel. Note: She was regularly employed on the
Liverpool-Boston route. She made her last voyage to Boston
as a Cunarder in September, 1878. Later sold and renamed
Manila. Sister ship: Samaria.

Siberian (1884) Allan Line.

British built. Tonnage: 3,846. Dimensions: 372' x 45'.
Single-screw, 12 knots. Made final voyage to the United
States in 1906.

Sicilian (1899) Allan Line.

Built by Workman, Clark & Co., Ltd., Belfast, Ireland.
Tonnage: 6,224. Dimensions: 430' x 54'. Single-screw, 12^
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: Bruton.
Scrapped in 1925. Sister ship: Corinthian.

Sicilian Prince (1889) Prince Line.

Built by Scott's Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage: 2,784. Dimensions: 363' x
42'. Single-screw. Ex-Alvares Cabral, ex-Mocambique.
Renamed: Abbassick.

Sierra Nevada (1922) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 8,753.
Dimensions: 439' x 56'. Twin-screw, 14 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Renamed: *Madrid.

Sierra Ventana (1923) North German Lloyd.

Built by Bremer Vulcan Co., Vegesack, Germany. Tonnage:
11,392. Dimensions: 490' x 61'. Twin-screw, 14 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Renamed: Sardegna. Note:
She was used mostly on the Bremen-South American route,
as also were her sister ships the Sierra Morena and Sierra
Cordoba.

Silesia (1869) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
3,156. Dimensions: 340' x 40'. Single-screw.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

168

*Sinaia (1924) Fabre Line.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
8,567. Dimensions: 439' x 56'. Twin-screw, 14 knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Sister ship: De La Salle.

Sirio (1883) Navigazione Generale Italiana.

Built by Robert Napier & Sons, Glasgow, Scotland. Ton-
nage: 4,141. Dimensions: 380' x 42'. Single-screw, 16 knots.
Note: This Italian emigrant carrier was wrecked off Cape
Palos on August 4, 1906, with the loss of 350 lives.

Siiius (1838) British and American Steam Navigation Co.
Built at Leith, England. Tonnage: 703. Dimensions: 178'
x 25'. Paddle-wheels, 8 knots. Two masts and one funnel.
She had a side lever type of engine. The first British steam-
ship to cross the Atlantic. She was wrecked in 1847.

Slavonia (1903) Cunard Line.

Built by Sir James Laing & Sons, Ltd., Sunderland, England.
Tonnage: 10,606. Dimensions: 510' x 59'. Twin-screw, 15^
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Ex- Yamuna. Note:
She was wrecked in June, 1909, off Flores Island.

Smolensk (1898) Russian Volunteer Fleet.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 7,270. Dimensions: 487' x 58'. Twin-screw, 20 knots.
Three masts and three funnels. Ex-Rion (Russian Navy),
ex-Smolensk.

*Sobieski (1939) Gydnia-American Line.

Built at Nakskov, Denmark. Tonnage: 11,030. Dimensions:
493' x 67'. Twin-screw, 17 knots. Two masts and one
funnel. Motorship. Sister ship: Chrobry.

Sofia (1905) Cosulich Line.

Built by Lloyd Austriaco, Trieste. Tonnage: 5,527. Di-
mensions: 360' x 48'. Single-screw, 14 knots. Ex-Sofia
Hohenberg. Made final voyage to New York in 1921.

Sofia Hohenberg (1905) Unione Austriaca (Austro-American
Line).

Built by Lloyd Austriaco, Trieste. Tonnage: 5,491. Di-
mensions: 360' x 48'. Single-screw, 14 knots. Renamed:
Sofia.

South wark (1893) American Line.

Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 8,607. Dimensions: 480' x 57'. Twin-screw, 16
knots. Four masts and one funnel. Note: She was named
after a Philadelphia suburb. Sister ship: Kensington.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

169

Spaarndam (1881) Holland-American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
4,539. Dimensions: 427' x 41'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Ex-Arabic. Made final voyage
to New York in 1900.

Spaarndam (1922) Holland- American Line.

Built by New Waterway Shipbuilding Co., Schiedam,
Netherlands. Tonnage: 8,857. Dimensions: 450' x 58'.
Single-screw, 13 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Sunk
by a magnetic mine off England on November 27, 1939, while
bound for Antwerp and Rotterdam from New Orleans.
Sister ships: Edam, Leerdam and Maasdam.

Spain (1871) National Line.

Built by Laird Bros., Ltd., Birkenhead, England. Tonnage:
4,512. Dimensions: 440' x 43'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and two funnels. Note: Tonnage increased later
to 5,089 tons gross. Broken up by French shipbreakers in
1896. Note: Her running mate was the Egypt.

Spree (1890) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 6,963.
Dimensions: 463' x 51'. Single-screw, 19 knots. Three
masts and two funnels. In 1898 this ship was rebuilt and her
name changed to Kaiserin Maria Theresa. The alterations
extended her length to 528 feet and tonnage increased to
7,840 tons gross. She was speeded up to 20 knots and her
outward appearance greatly changed for she reappeared with
three funnels and two masts. She was given new engines
and converted to twin-screw propulsion. Renamed: (a)
Kaiserin Maria Theresa, (b) Ural, (c) Russ. Sister ship:
Havel.

S turn pal ia (1909) La Veloce Line.

Built by Cantiere Navali Riuniti, Spezia, Italy. Tonnage:
9,000. Dimensions: 476' x 55'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two
masts and two funnels. Ex-Oceania. Torpedoed and sunk
in 1916.

State of Alabama (1873) State Line.

Built by Wingate & Co., Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,313. Dimensions: 321' x 36'. Single-screw. Ex-Ala-
bama. Made final voyage to New York in 1890.

State of California (1891) State Line.

Built at Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage: 4,275. Dimensions:
385' x 46'. Single-screw, 14 knots. Two masts and one

* Denotes ship still in seryice under same name.

170

funnel. Renamed: (a) Calif ornian, (b) Coamo. Note:
The State of California was taken over and operated by
the Allan Line until she was sold.

State of Florida (1881) State Line.

British built. Tonnage: 4,000. Dimensions: 400' x 42'.
Single-screw, 13 ^ knots. Three masts and one funnel.
Sunk by collision at sea on April 18, 1884, with a loss of 108
lives.

State of Georgia (1873) State Line.

Built by London and Glasgow Shipbuilding Co., Glasgow.
Tonnage: 2,490. Dimensions: 330' x 36'. Single-screw, 13
knots. Three masts and one funnel. Ex-Georgia. Note:
She disappeared on December 23, 1896, with 32 on board and
was never heard of again.

State of Indiana (1874) State Line.

Built by Wingate Co., Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage: 2,528.
Dimensions: 329' x 36'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Three
masts and one funnel. Note: She was sold to the Turkish
Navy in 1893 and renamed Isnir.

State of Louisiana (1872) State Line.

Built at Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage: 1,869. Dimensions:
300' x 35'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Three masts and one
funnel. Note: She was wrecked at Lough Larne, Ireland, on
December 24, 1878, while on voyage from Glasgow to New
York. All on board were saved.

State of Nebraska (1880) State Line.

Built by London and Glasgow Shipbuilding Co., Glasgow.
Tonnage: 3,986. Dimensions: 385' x 43'. Single-screw, 13 1A
knots. Three masts and one funnel. Note: In 1891 she was
sold to the Allan Line, who later resold her in 1902.

State of Nevada (1874) State Line.

Built by London and Glasgow Shipbuilding Co., Glasgow.
Tonnage: 2,488. Dimensions: 332' x 36'. Single-screw, 13
knots. Three masts and one funnel. Note: She was taken
over by the Allan Line in 1891. Renamed: Mecca. Sister
ship: State of Pennsylvania.

State of Pennsylvania (1873) State Line.

Built by London and Glasgow Shipbuilding Co., Glasgow,
Scotland. Tonnage: 2,488. Dimensions: 332' x 36'. Single-
screw, 13 knots. Three masts and one funnel. Ex-Pennsyl-

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

171

vania. Note: She was sold to the Allan Line and then resold
to Turkish owners in 1895, who renamed her Medina. Sister
ship: State of Nevada.

State of Virginia (1873) State Line.

Built by London and Glasgow Shipbuilding Co., Glasgow,
Scotland. Tonnage: 2,472. Dimensions: 331' x 34'. Single-
screw, 13 knots. Three masts and one funnel. Note: She
was wrecked on Sable Island on July 15, 1879, with the loss
of 9 lives.

Statendam (1898) Holland-American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
10,491. Dimensions: 515' x 59'. Twin-screw, 15 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Renamed: (a) Scotian, (b)
Mar glen.

Statendam (1917) Holland-American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
32,234. Dimensions: 740' x 86'. Triple-screw. Two masts
and three funnels. Renamed: Justiciax. Note: This large
liner was never used as a passenger ship for she was taken
over by the British government during the first World War
and converted into a troopship. She was torpedoed and sunk
on July 19, 1918, with the loss of ten lives.

Statendam (1929) Holland -American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
28,291. Dimensions: 670' x 81'. Twin-screw, 19 knots.
Two masts and three funnels. Note: The terrible bombing
of Rotterdam by German planes occurred on May 14, 1940.
The Statendam was among the several vessels that were in
the port at the time. Some of the bitterest fighting took
place in the vicinity of the piers where the ships were tied.
The Statendam was repeatedly hit by the crossfire from
both sides of the river and caught fire. She continued to
blaze for five days and became a total loss.

*Stavangerfjord (1918) Norwegian-American Line.

Built by Cammell, Laird & Co., Ltd., Birkenhead, England.
Tonnage: 13,156. Dimensions: 532' x 64'. Twin-screw, 153^
knots. Two masts and two funnels.

Steuben (1922) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 14,690.
Dimensions: 526' x 65'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Ex-General Von Steuben, ex-Muen-
chen.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

172

Stockholm (1900) Swedish- American Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg, Germany. Tonnage:
12,835. Dimensions: 547' x 62'. Twin-screw, 15 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Potsdam. Note: The
Swedish-American Line sold her to new owners, who had the
ship converted into a whaling factory vessel and renamed
her Solglimt.

Stockholm (1941) Swedish-American Line.

Built at Monfalcone, Italy. Tonnage: 28,000. Dimensions:
642' x 83'. Triple-screw, 19 knots. Two masts and two
funnels. Motorship. Note: Never used as a passenger ship
for she was taken over by the Italian government before com-
pletion. The Italians renamed her Sabaudia and converted
her into a troopship. This very beautiful ship capsized at
Trieste in May, 1945.

*Stockholm (1947) Swedish- American Line.

Built at Gothenburg, Sweden. Tonnage: 11,000. Single
mast and one funnel. Motorship. Note: Launched on
September 9, 1946, and is the largest ship built in Sweden
to date. She will have excellent accommodations for 360
passengers. Should be ready for transatlantic service by
December, 1947.

Strassburg (1872) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
3,025. Dimensions: 351' x 39'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Made final voyage to New York in 1893.

Stuttgart (1889) North German Lloyd.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 5,048. Dimensions: 415' x 48'. Single-
screw, 13 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Made final
voyage to New York in 1909. Sister ships: Darmstadt,
Gera, Karlesruhe and Oldenburg.

Stuttgart (1923) North German Lloyd.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 13,387.
Dimensions: 526' x 65'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two masts
and two funnels. Sister ship: Muenchen.

Sud America (1868) La Veloce Line.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
3,185. Dimensions: 339' x 40'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Ex-
Mentana, ex-Provincia di San Paolo, ex-Atlantica,
ex-Westphalia.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

173

Suevia (1874) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
3,624. Dimensions: 360' x 41'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Made final voyage to New York
in 1894.

Suffren (1901) French Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg, Germany. Tonnage:
10,622. Dimensions: 525' x 62'. Twin-screw, 16 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Leopoldina, ex-Bluecher.
Scrapped in 1929.

Susquehanna (1899) United States Lines.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg, Germany. Tonnage:
9,959. Dimensions: 501' x 58'. Twin-screw, 13^ knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Ex-Rhein.

Swakopmund (1903) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Bremer Vulcan Co., Vegesack, Germany. Tonnage:
5,631. Dimensions: 403' x 49'. Single-screw, 12^ knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Ex-Professor Woermann,
ex-Florida. Renamed: Arafura. Note: She was formerly
employed on the South African trade of the Woermann Line.

Switzerland (1874) Red Star Line.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 2,957. Dimensions: 345' x
39'. Single-screw, 13}/£ knots. Two masts and one funnel.
Made final voyage to New York in 1904.

Sylvania (1895) Cunard Line.

Built by London and Glasgow Shipbuilding Co., Glasgow.
Tonnage: 5,598. Dimensions: 445' x 49'. Twin-screw, 14
knots. Four masts and one funnel. Broken up by ship-
breakers in 1910. Sister ship: Carinthia.

Taormina (1908) Lloyd Italiano.

Built by D. & W. Henderson & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 8,921. Dimensions: 482' x 58'. Twin-screw, 16^
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Note: She was later
operated by the Navigazione Generale Italiana Line. Broken
up by shipbreakers in 1929. Sister ships: Ancona and
Verona.

Tauric (1891) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
5,730. Dimensions: 461' x 49'. Twin-screw, 13 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Renamed: Welshman. Sister
ship: Nomadic.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

174

Teresa (1900) Unione Austriaca (Austro- American Line).

Built by Russell & Co., Ltd., Port Glasgow, Scotland. Ton-
nage: 3,769. Dimensions: 344' x 49'. Single-screw.

Teutonia (1856) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,034. Dimensions: 287' x 37'. Single-screw.

Teutonic (1889) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
9,686. Dimensions: 565' x 57'. Twin-screw, 20 knots.
Three masts and two funnels. Broken up by shipbreakers
at Hamburg in 1921. Sister ship: Majestic.

Themistocles (1907) Greek Line.

Built by J. Priestman & Co., Sunderland, England. Ton-
nage: 6,045. Dimensions: 400' x 50'. Twin-screw, 13 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Moraitis. Made final
voyage to New York in 1924.

Thessaloniki (1890) Greek Line.

Built by Workman, Clark & Co., Ltd., Belfast, Ireland.
Tonnage: 4,682. Dimensions: 412' x 46'. Single-screw.
Three masts and one funnel. Ex-City of Vienna. Note:
She sunk after being abandoned in the North Atlantic in
1916.

Thingvalla (1874) Scandinavian- American Line.

Built at Copenhagen, Denmark. Tonnage: 2,524. Di-
mensions: 301' x 37'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Made final
voyage to New York in 1900.

Thuringia (1870) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
1,964. Dimensions: 287' x 34'. Single-screw, 133^ knots.

Thuringia (1922) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Howaldtswerke (German). Tonnage: 11,343. Di-
mensions: 473' x 60'. Single-screw, 13^ knots. Two masts
and one funnel. Renamed: General San Martin. Sister
ship: Westphalia.

Timgad (1911) French Line.

Built by Chantier et Ateliers de Provence, Port de Bouc,
France. Tonnage: 5,232. Dimensions: 402' x 51'. Twin-
screw, IS^2 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Sister ship:
Carthage. Note: Used on the West Indies and Central
American service.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

175

Tirpitz (1914) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 21,833.
Dimensions: 588' x 75'. Twin-screw, 19 knots. Two masts
and three funnels. Renamed: Empress of Australia.
Note: She was never operated as a passenger ship under the
name of Tirpitz as she was turned over to the British upon
completion and sold to the Canadian Pacific Line who named
her Empress of Australia.

Titanic (1911) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
46,329. Dimensions: 852' x 92'. Triple-screw, 21 knots.
Two masts and four funnels. From keel to top of funnels
measured 175 feet. Note: Reported to have cost about
$7*500,000 to build. Commenced maiden voyage with 1,308
passengers from Southampton to New York on April 12,
1912, and on the night of April 14th struck an iceberg and
sank with the loss of 815 of her passengers and 688 of the
crew. Sister ship: Olympic.

Tomaso di Savoia (1907) Lloyd Sabaudo Line.

Built by Barclay, Curie & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
7,761. Dimensions: 450' x 55'. Twin-screw, 16^ knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Made final voyage to New
York in 1915. Transferred to the South American route.
Scrapped in 1928. Sister ship: Principe di Udine.

Toronto (1880) Dominion Line.

Built by Whiteinch at Dumbarton, Scotland. Tonnage:
3,315. Dimensions: 329' x 39'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Two
masts and one funnel.

Tortona (1909) Thomson Line.

Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., Wall-
send-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 8,153. Dimensions: 450'
x 54'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Four masts and one funnel.
Renamed: Ausonia.

Transylvania (1914) Cunard Line.

Built by Scott's Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage: 14,315. Dimensions: 548' x
66'. Twin-screw, 16 knots. Two masts and two funnels.
Torpedoed and sunk 2 miles south from Cape Vado, Gulf of
Genoa on May 4, 1917. Note: She had been the first liner
fitted with double reduction geared turbine machinery. The
Tuscania of 1915 was identical in appearance.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

176

Transylvania (1925) Anchor Line.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 16,923. Dimensions: 552' x 70'. Twin-
screw, 153^ knots. Two masts and three funnels. Note:
Her speed was increased to 17 knots in 1938. The first and
third funnels were dummies. Torpedoed and sunk in the
Atlantic on August, 1940, while serving as an armed merchant
cruiser. Sister ship: Caledonia.

Trave (1886) North German Lloyd.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. (Formerly the shipbuilding firm of John Elder &
Co.) Tonnage: 5,262. Dimensions: 437' x 48'. Single-
screw, 18 knots. Four masts and two funnels. Scrapped in
1909. Sister ships: Aller and Saale.

Tunisian (1900) Allan Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 10,576. Dimensions: 500' x 59'. Twin-
screw, 16 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Renamed:
Marburn. Sister ship: Bavarian.

Tuscania (1915) Anchor Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 14,348. Dimensions: 548' x 66'. Twin-
screw, 17 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: She
was launched in September, 1914, and shortly after going
into service she was commissioned as a British troopship.
Torpedoed and sunk 7 miles from Rathlin Light House,
Ireland on February 5, 1918, with the loss of 213 lives. Note:
Identical in appearance to the Transylvania of 1914.

Tuscania (1922) Anchor Line.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 16,991. Dimensions: 552' x 70'. Twin-
screw, 15 Yi knots. Two masts and one funnel. Note: This
fine ship was launched on October 4, 1921, and commenced
her maiden voyage from Glasgow to New York on September
16, 1922. Renamed: *Nea Hellas. Sister ship: California.

Tyrrhenia (1922) Cunard Line.

Built by Wm. Beardmore & Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Tonnage:
16,243. Dimensions: 552' x 70'. Twin-screw, 17 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Note: This was not a popular
name and soon after entering service it was changed to
Lancastria.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

177

Ultonia (1898) Cunard Line.

Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., Wall-
send-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 10,402. Dimensions:
500' x 57'. Twin-screw, 13^ knots. Four masts and one
funnel. Torpedoed and sunk 190 miles from Fastnet on
June 27, 1917, with loss of one life.

Umbria (1884) Cunard Line.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 8,127. Dimensions: 501' x 57'. Single-
screw, 19^2 knots. Three masts and two funnels. Scrapped
in 1910. Sister ship: Etruria.

United Kingdom (1857) Anchor Line.

Built at Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage: 1,264. Dimensions:
245' x 32'. Single-screw. Note: She disappeared with 80
people on board on April 17, 1868, and was never heard of
again.

United States (1903) Scandinavian- American Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 9,993. Dimensions: 500' x 58'. Twin-screw,
16 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Scrapped in 1935.
Sister ships: Hellig Olav and Oscar II.

Uranium (1891) Uranium Line.

Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 5,189. Dimensions: 420' x 48'. Single-screw,
14^2 knots. Three masts and one funnel. Ex-Avoca, ex-
Atlanta, ex-Avoca, ex-San Fernando, ex-Avoca. Made
final voyage to New York in 1914.

Utopia (1874) Anchor Line.

Built by Robert Duncan & Co., Port Glasgow, Scotland.
Tonnage: 2,731. Dimensions: 350' x 35'. Single-screw.
Note: She was sunk by collision in Gibraltar Bay on March
17, 1891, with the loss of 563 lives.

Vancouver (1883) Dominion Line.

Built by C. Connell & Co., Glasgow. Tonnage: 5,232. Di-
mensions: 430' x 45'. Single-screw, 14 knots. Four masts
and two funnels. Renamed: City of Chicago.

Vasco Nunez de Balboa (1891) Spanish Line.

Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Dumbarton, Scotland. Ton-
nage: 7,815. Dimensions: 531' x 54'. Twin-screw, 16 knots.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

178

Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Alfonso XIII, ex-Oceana,
ex-Scot. Broken up by Italian shipbreakers in 1927.

Vasilefs Constantinos (1914) Greek Line.

Built by Cammell, Laird & Co., Ltd., Birkenhead, England.
Tonnage: 9,272. Dimensions: 470' x 58'. Twin-screw, 17
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Renamed: (a) Megali
Hellas, (b) Byron. Note: She was taken over by the British
government during the first World War, but was handed over
to the Greek Line when hostilities had ceased. Sister ship:
Vasilissa Sophia.

Vasilissa Sophia (1917) Greek Line.

Built by Cammell, Laird & Co., Ltd., Birkenhead, England.
Tonnage: 9,100. Dimensions: 488' x 58'. Twin-screw, 17
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Renamed: Leasowe
Castle (under management of Union-Castle Line). Note:
She was torpedoed and sunk while being used as a British
troopship on May 26, 1918, with the loss of 101 lives. (Never
actually used as a transatlantic passenger ship.)

Vaterland (1873) Red Star Line.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 2,748. Dimensions: 320' x
38'. Single-screw, 133^ knots. Three masts and one funnel.
Note: She was the pioneer vessel of the Red Star Line.
Commenced her maiden voyage from Antwerp to Phila-
delphia on January 19, 1873. Sister ships: Nederland and
Switzerland.

Vaterland (1900) Red Star Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 11,899. Dimensions: 560' x 60'. Twin-screw, 15
knots. Four masts and two funnels. Renamed: Southland.
Sister ships: Finland, Kroonland and Zeeland. Note:
As the Southland she was torpedoed and sunk 140 miles
from Tory Island on June 4, 1917, with the loss of 4 lives.

Vaterland (1914) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 54,282. Di-
mensions: 907' x 100'. Quadruple-screw, 24 knots. Two
masts and three funnels. Note: In August, 1914, after
having made her second voyage she was interned in New
York. Later she was seized by the United States govern-
ment and converted into a troopship. After the war she was
turned over to the United States Lines and used on their
service as the Leviathan.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

179

Vedic (1918) White Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
9,060. Dimensions: 460' x 58'. Twin-screw, 13 knots. Two
masts and one funnel.

Veendam (1873) Holland- American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
3,707. Dimensions: 420' x 40'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Ex-Baltic. Note: She found-
ered at sea on February 6, 1898, after the breaking of the
propeller shaft. There was no loss of life.

*Veendam (1923) Holland-American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Govan, Glasgow, Scotland.
Tonnage: 15,450. Dimensions: 550' x 67'. Twin-screw,
15 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Note: After the
second World War she was found laid up in a German port
in a damaged condition. She left Hamburg for Rotterdam
on January 14, 1946, for reconditioning. Sister ship: Volen-
dam.

Venezia (1907) Fabre Line.

Built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd., Wall-
send-on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 6,707. Dimensions:
457' x 51'. Twin-screw, 15^ knots. Two masts and two
funnels. Note: She was destroyed by fire in the North
Atlantic in 1919.

Verona (1908) Navigazione Generale Italiana.

Built by Workman, Clark & Co., Ltd., Belfast, Ireland.
Tonnage: 8,886. Dimensions: 482' x 58'. Twin-screw, 16
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Note: Her tonnage at
one time was listed as 8,240 tons gross. Sister ships : Ancona
and Taormina. Made final voyage to New York in 1915.

Victoria (1872) Anchor Line.

British built. Tonnage: 3,358. Dimensions: 360' x 40'.
Single-screw, 13 knots. Three masts and one funnel. Note:
She was later transferred to the Mediterranean service.
Made final voyage to New York in 1904. Sister ship:
California.

Victoria (1898) Wilson-Furness Line.

Built by Furness, Withy & Co., Ltd., W. Hartlepool,
England. Tonnage: 6,849. Dimensions: 475' x 52'. Single-
screw, 14 knots. Four masts and one funnel. Renamed:
Ma nit on. Sister ship: Alexander.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

180

Victoria Luise (1899) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Vulcan Co., Stettin, Germany. Tonnage: 16,502.
Dimensions: 660' x 67'. Twin-screw, 18 knots. Two masts
and four funnels. Ex-Deutschland. Note: She became the
Victoria Luise in 1911 and was used mostly as a special
cruise ship. After the first World War she was altered into
an emigrant carrier and renamed Hansa.

Victorian (1904) Allan Line.

Built by Workman, Clark & Co., Ltd., Belfast, Ireland.
Tonnage: 10,629. Dimensions: 517' x 60'. Triple-screw,
19 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Note: She was the
first Atlantic liner to be fitted with steam turbines. Re-
named: Marloch. Sister ship: Virginian.

Villedu Havre (1866) French Line.

Built by Thames Ironworks Co., Blackwall, England. Ton-
nage: 5,086. Dimensions: 363' x 43'. Single-screw, 12 knots.
Ex-Napoleon III. Note: As originally built she had paddle-
wheels, but in 1872 was converted to screw propulsion, and
lengthened 50 feet. Sunk after being in collision with the
• ship Loch Earn on November 23, 1873, while bound from
New York to Havre. There was a loss of 222 lives.

Vincenzo Florio (1880) Navigazione Generate Italiana.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 2,840. Dimensions: 352' x 38'. Single-
screw, 123^ knots. Note: Made final voyage to New York
in 1906. Sister ships: Archimede and Washington.

Virginia (1906) Unione Austriaca (Austro-American Line).
Built by Craig, Taylor & Co., Ltd., Stockton, England.
Tonnage: 3,563. Dimensions: 326' x 42'. Single-screw, 12*4
knots. Renamed: Kerlew. Sister ship: Irene.

Virginia (1906) Lloyd Italianp.

Built by Soc. Esercizio Bacini, Riva Trigoso, Italy. Ton-
nage: 5,181. Dimensions: 381' x 48'. Twin-screw, 14^
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Renamed: Garibaldi.
Sister ships: Florida, Indiana and Luisiana.

Virginian (1905) Allan Line.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 10,754. Dimensions: 517' x 60'. Triple-
screw, 19 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Renamed:
Drottningholm. Sister ship: Victorian.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

181

Vittoria (1883) La Veloce Line.

Built by Robert Napier & Sons, Glasgow, Scotland. Ton-
nage: 3,707. Dimensions: 420' x 40'. Single-screw, 14 >£
knots. Four masts and one funnel. Ex-Maasdam, ex-
Republic. Renamed: Citta di Napoli.

Vladimir (1895) Russian Volunteer Fleet.

Built by Wm. Denny & Bros., Ltd., Dumbarton, Scotland.
Tonnage: 5,621. Dimensions: 432' x 49'. Twin-screw, 12^
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Made final voyage to
New York in 1919.

"Volendam (1922) Holland-American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Govan, Glasgow. Tonnage:
15,434. Dimensions: 550' x 67'. Twin-screw, 15 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Note: She has been returned
to the line. Sister ship: Veendam.

Volturno (1906) Royal Line. (Canadian Northern Steam-
ship Co.)

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 3,602. Dimensions: 340' x 43'. Twin-
screw, 14 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Note: This
emigrant carrier was destroyed by fire and explosion in the
Atlantic on October 9, 1913, with a loss of 136 lives.

"Vulcania (1928) Cosulich Line.

Built by Cantieri Riuniti Dell' Adriatico, Monfalcone, Italy.
Tonnage: 24,469. Dimensions: 601' x 79'. Twin-screw, 21
knots. Two masts and one funnel. Motorship. Note: She
later became a unit of the newly formed Italia Line in the
early thirties. Sister ship: Saturnia. It is reported both
ships are to be returned to Italy after the United States has
no further use for them as troopships.

Waesland (1867) Red Star Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow.
Tonnage: 4,752. Dimensions: 435' x 42'. Single-screw, 14
knots. Four masts and one funnel. Ex-Russia. Note: She
was later rebuilt, re-engined and lengthened. As the Waes-
land she appeared with four masts instead of her former
three. Lost in collision with Houstan liner in 1902.

Washington (1847) Ocean Steam Navigation Co.

Built by Westervelt and MacKay, New York, N. Y. Ton-
nage: 2,000. Dimensions: 236' x 39'. Paddle-wheels, 11
knots. Commenced maiden voyage in June, 1847. Sister
ship: Hermann.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

182

Washington (1863) French Line.

Built by Scott's Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage: 3,401. Dimensions: 345' x
43'. Twin-screw, 12 Y^ knots. Three masts and two funnels.
Note: This ship originally had paddle-wheels, but in 1867
she was converted to screw propulsion, and partially rebuilt.
She was sold in 1899 and subsequently broken up by ship-
breakers at Marseilles. Sister ships: Lafayette and Im-
peratrice Eugenie.

Washington (1880) Navigazione Generale Italiana.

Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Glas-
gow. Tonnage: 2,814. Dimensions: 340' x 38'. Single-
screw. Sister ships: Archimede and Vincenzo Florio.
Note: Later transferred to the La Veloce Line. Made final
voyage to New York in 1907.

*Washington (1933) United States Lines.

Built by New York Shipbuilding Corp., Camden, N. J.
Tonnage: 24,289. Dimensions: 668' x 86'. Twin-screw, 21
knots. Two masts and two funnels. Renamed (a) Mount
Vernon, (b) Washington. Note: As the Mount Vernon
she was employed during the second World War as a troop-
ship and in this capacity successfully transported thousands
of American soldiers overseas. Sister ship: Manhattan.

Weimar (1891) North German Lloyd.

Built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.,
Glasgow. Tonnage: 4,996. Dimensions: 415' x 48'. Single-
screw, 13 knots. Two masts and one funnel. Made final
voyage to New York in 1907.

Werkendam (1881) Holland-American Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
3,639. Dimensions: 410' x 39'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Four
masts and one funnel. Ex-British King. Note: Foundered
in North Atlantic in 1906.

Werra (1882) North German Lloyd.

Built by John Elder & Co., Glasgow. Tonnage: 5,109. Di-
mensions: 438' x 46'. Single-screw, 173/6 knots. Four masts
and two funnels. Note: Made final voyage to New York in
1901. Sister ship : Fulda .

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

183

Werra (1922) North German Lloyd.

Built by Weser Shipbuilding Yard, Bremen, Germany.
Tonnage: 9,476. Dimensions: 458' x 57'. Two masts and
one funnel. Twin-screw, 12^ knots. Sister ships: Weser
and Fulda.

Weser (1858) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,700. Dimensions: 318' x 40'. Single-screw. Note: Her
running mates were the Bremen, Hudson and New York.

Weser (1867) North German Lloyd.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
2,871. Dimensions: 357' x 41'. Single-screw, 13^ knots.
Note: Made final voyage to New York in 1894.

Weser (1922) North German Lloyd.

German built. Tonnage: 9,444. Dimensions: 458' x 57'.
Twin-screw, 12% knots. Two masts and one funnel. Sister
ships: Werra and Fulda.

*Westerdam (1946) Holland-American Line.

Built in the Netherlands. Tonnage: 10,000. Overall length
is 518 feet. Two masts and one funnel. Note : She had been
scheduled to make her maiden voyage in 1940, but the war
prevented the sailing to be made. During hostilities she was
sunk in the Dutch harbor three times by different methods,
so as to keep the ship from being used. On each occasion she
was eventually raised. It was not until July 8, 1946 that she
finally made her first entry into New York Harbor.

Westernland (1884) Red Star Line.

Built by Laird Brothers, Ltd., Birkenhead, England. Ton-
nage: 5,665. Dimensions: 440' x 47'. Single-screw, 14^
knots. Four masts and two funnels. Note: She was one of
the early steamships, to be built of steel. Scrapped in 1912.

Westernland (1918) Red Star Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Govan, Glasgow, Scotland.
Tonnage: 16,289. Dimensions: 575' x 67'. Triple-screw,
16 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Ex-Regina. Note:
The Bernstein Line later obtained ownership of her, but
continued to run her under the Red Star flag. The Holland-
American Line took over this liner, together with sister ship,
just prior to the World War. Laid up in River Blackwater
in 1946. Sister ship: Pennland.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

184

Westphalia (1868) Hamburg- American Line.

Built by Caird & Co., Ltd., Greenock, Scotland. Tonnage:
3,185. Dimensions: 339' x 40'. Single-screw, 13^ knots.
Renamed: (a) Atlantica, (b) Provincia di San Paolo,
(c) Mentana, (d) Sud America.

Westphalia (1923) Hamburg-Americna Line

Built by Howaldtswerke (Germany). Tonnage: 11,343.
Dimensions: 473' x 60'. Single-screw, 12^ knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Renamed: General Artigas. Note:
Later transferred to the South American trade. Sister ship:
Thuringia.

Wieland (1874) Eagle Line. (Hamburg, Germany).

Built at Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage: 3,504. Dimensions:
371' x 40'. Single-screw, 14 knots. Two masts and two
funnels. Note: Shortly after completion she was taken over
and operated by the Hamburg-American Line. Made final
voyage to New York in 1894.

Willehad (1894) North German Lloyd.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 4,761. Di-
mensions: 383' x 46'. Twin-screw, 13 knots. Two masts and
one funnel. Note: She was originally owned by the Roland
Line. Renamed: Wyandotte. Scrapped in 1924. Sister
ship: Wittekind.

Winifredian (1899) Leyland Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
10,428. Dimensions: 552' x 59'. Twin-screw, 14 ^ knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Scrapped in 1929. Sister ship:
Devonian.

Wisconsin (1870) Guion Line.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 3,238. Dimensions: 366' x
43'. Single-screw. Two masts and one funnel. Scrapped
in 1893. Sister ship: Wyoming.

Wittekind (1894) North German Lloyd.

Built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg. Tonnage: 4,755. Di-
mensions: 383' x 46'. Twin-screw, 13 knots. Two masts and
one funnel. Note: She was later lengthened to 444 feet and
tonnage increased to 5,640 tons gross. Renamed: (a) Iro-
quois, (b) Freedom. Scrapped in 1924. Sister ship:
Willehad. Note: These two ships were originally operated
by the Roland Line.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

185

Wyoming (1870) Guion Line.

Built by Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Co., Ltd., Jarrow-
on-Tyne, England. Tonnage: 3,238. Dimensions: 366' x
43'. Single-screw. Two masts and one funnel. Broken up
by shipbreakers in 1893. Sister ship: Wisconsin.

Yorck (1906) North German Lloyd.

Built by F. Schichau, Danzig, Germany. Tonnage: 8,976.
Dimensions: 463' x 57'. Twin-screw, 14}^ knots. Two
masts and one funnel. Sister ships: Derff linger and Luet-
zow. Made final voyage to New York in 1929.

Yorkshire (1889) Dominion Line.

Built by Harland & Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. Tonnage:
4,269. Dimensions: 400' x 45'. Single-screw, 14 knots.
Four masts and one funnel. Note: This former Bibby liner
was operated by the Dominion Line for only a short time and
sold to the Russian-American Line who renamed her Es-
tonia. Sister ship: Lancashire (Bibby Line).

Ypiranga (1908) Hamburg-American Line.

Built by Frd. Krupp, Kiel, Germany. Tonnage: 8,309. Di-
mensions: 449' x 54'. Twin-screw, 12^ knots. Two masts
and one funnel. Renamed: (a) Assyria, (b) Colonial.
Sister ship: Corcovado.

Zaandam (1939) Holland-American Line.

Built by Wilton's at Fijenoord, Netherlands. Tonnage:
10,909. Dimensions: 480' x 64'. Twin-screw, 19 knots.
Two masts and one funnel. Motorship. Note: This fine
looking ship was torpedoed without any warning several
hundred miles off Recife, Brazil, on November 2, 1942, while
bound from Cape Town to the United States and sank in less
than ten minutes. On board the small liner had been a total
of 299, of which 169 were passengers. The 169 successful
survivors had great difficulty in reaching safety. The most
outstanding experience to occur among them was a story
about five men who climbed onto a raft just after the doomed
Zaandam went to the bottom of the ocean. For 83 days,
three of the five occupants of the raft survived the terrible
ordeal of drifting in the open sea, in all kinds of weather, for
a distance of over 2,000 miles. Their meager supply of food
and water was exhausted on 'the 16th day. During the re-
maining days on the raft they obtained only rain water and
a few small fish and birds on which to subsist. It was the
longest period of time that any human beings were known to

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

186

survive the open sea. On the raft at the outset were, George
Beasley, an American sailor who had been a passenger on the
ill fated vessel and he died 66 days later; also, Ensign James
Maddox of the United States Navy who remained alive for
77 days. The remaining three were Basil Izzi of South Barre,
Massachusetts, member of the American gun crew, on the
Zaandam, an oiler named Cornelis van der Slot, of Rotter-
dam, and Nicko Hoogendam, a young lad from Vlaardingen.
The three were living skeletons when picked up by a United
States Navy patrol ship on January 24, 1943. It is needless
to say that rescue came none too soon for the nearly gone
victims of a typical Nazi merchant ship sinking. For a more

Eaphic description of this disaster see the Holland- American
ne's booklet "In the War at Sea" by William C. Seabrook.
This lengthy recital in what is supposed to be a mere
reference book is meant as a tribute to all who have either
died or survived the terrific hardships of having been exposed
to the fury of the elements for extended periods on the open
sea.

Zeeland (1865) Red Star Line.

Built by J. & G. Thomson, Ltd., Clydebank, Glasgow. Ton-
nage: 2,697. Dimensions: 337' x 42'. Single-screw, 12%
knots. Ex- Java. Note: The Red Star Line purchased this
ship from the Cunard Line in 1877 and had her lengthened
to 370 feet which increased the tonnage to 3,500 tons gross.

Zeeland (1901) Red Star Line.

Built by John Brown & Co., Clydebank, Glasgow. Tonnage:
11,905. Dimensions: 561' x 60'. Twin-screw, 15 knots.
Four masts and two funnels. Renamed: (a) Northland,
(b) Minnesota. Sister ships: Finland, Kroonland and
Vaterland.

Zeppelin (1914) North German Lloyd.

Built by Bremer Vulcan Co., Vegesack, Germany. Tonnage:
14,588. Dimensions: 550' x 67'. Twin-screw, 18 knots.
Two masts and two funnels. Renamed: (a) Ormuz, (b)
Dresden. Note: This liner was never in service under the
name of Zeppelin, as she was turned over to the British on
completion.

Built by F. Schichau, Danzig, Germany. Tonnage: 8,043.
Dimensions: 442' x 55'. Twin-screw, 13}^ knots. Two

Zieten (1902) North German Lloyd.
Built by F. Schichau, Danzig, Ger
Dimensions: 442' x 55'. Twin-sc
masts and one funnel. Sister ship: Seydlitz.

* Denotes ship still in service under sam e name.

187

PART III

FLEET LIST

Past and Present

The Leading North Atlantic Passenger Ship Lines
and Their Principal Ships

NOTE: This fleet list includes a few ships which have not been
employed on the North Atlantic route.

An asterisk (*) before name of ship denotes that it is still in
the service of the designated line.

189

DISTANCES IN NAUTICAL MILES BETWEEN

EUROPEAN AND NORTH AMERICAN PORTS

(The short route)

Nautical
Miles

New York to Southampton 3,120

New York to Liverpool 3,058

New York to London 3,282

New York to Queenstown 2,840

New York to Havre 3,170

New York to Antwerp 3,350

New York to Rotterdam 3,362

New York to Bremen 3,590

New York to Hamburg 3,536

New York to Gilbraltar 3,192

New York to Genoa 4,045

Boston to Liverpool 2,898

Boston to Gilbraltar 3,065

Montreal to Liverpool 2,755

190

ALLAN LINE

This line established steamship service between Great Britain
and Canada in 1854, and in later years absorbed the State Line
of Glasgow, Royal Exchang3 Steamship Company, and the Hill
Line. The Canadian Pacific Line acquired the Allan fleet in 1916.

Principal ports: Glasgow, Montreal, Quebec, New York,
Boston.

Year
Built

1854
1855
1856
1858
1858
1858
1858
1860
1861
1861
1863
1865
1865
1866
1870
1871
1872
1872
1872
1872
1875
1879
1880
1880
1881
1881
1882
1882
1884
1884
1891
1891
1891
1898

Gross

Name of Ship Tonnage

Canadian 1,873

Indian 1,764

Anglo-Saxon 1,673

Bohemian 2,100

Nova Scotian 2,190

Hungarian 2,190

North Briton 2,190

Canadian 1,926

Hibernian 2,997

Norwegian 2,449

Peruvian 2,549

Manitoban 2,395

Norwegian 3,523

European 2,708

Caspian 2,747

Sarmatian 3,920

Polynesian 3,983

Laurentian 4,522

Circassian 3,724

Canadian 2,401

Sardinian 4,376

Buenos Ayrean 4,005

Assyrian 2,608

State of Nebraska 3,986

Ludgate Hill 4,063

Parisian 5,395

Pomeranian 4,365

Roumanian 4,126

Carthaginian 4,444

Siberian 3,846

State of California 4,275

Numidian 4,836

Mongolian 4,837

Castilian 7,441

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

191

ALLAN LINE (Continued)

Year Gross

Built Name of Ship Tonnage

1898 Scotian 10,417

1898 Scandinavian 12,116

1899 Corinthian 6,229

1899 Sicilian 6,224

1900 Pretorian 6,436
1900 Bavarian 10,376

1900 Tunisian 10,576

1901 Ionian 8,268

1904 Victorian 10,629

1905 Virginian 10,754
1907 Corsican 11,419

1907 Grampian 10,920

1908 Hesperian 9,599
1913 Alsatian 18,481
1913 Calgarian 17,515

AMERICAN LINE

This line commenced service in 1873, and was reorganized in
1893, and at that time acquired the fleet of the Inman Line.

Principal ports: Liverpool, Southampton, New York.

Year Gross

Built Name of Ship Tonnage

1873
1873
1873
1873
1873
1874
1888
1889
1889
1893
1894
1895
1895
1901
1902

Illinois

Indiana

Ohio

Pennsylvania

Chester

Berlin

New York

Paris

Philadelphia

Southwark

Kensington

St. Louis

St. Paul

Haverford

Merion

3,341

3,335

3,488

3,343

4,770

5,526

10,674

10,669

10,786

8,607

8,669

11,629

11,629

11,635

11,612

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

192

ANCHOR LINE

Established in 1856
Principal ports: Glasgow, New York

Year
BuiU

1855
1857
1863
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1870
1871
1872
1872
1873
1873
1873
1874
1874
1876
1877
1878
1880
1881
1881
1882
1882
1884
1889
1891
1892
1901
1901
1901
1902
1903
1903
1904
1906

Name of Ship

Tempest
United Kingdom
Britannia
California
Iowa
Hibernia
Columbia
Trojan
Australia
Olympia
California
Victoria
Bolivia
Elysia
Ethiopia
Utopia
Anchoria
Alsatia
Devonia
Circassia
Furnessia
Roumania
City of Rome
Hesperia
Belgravia
Astoria
Scotia
Algeria
Dalmatia
Columbia
Calabria
Perugia
Massilia
Circassia
Italia
Caledonia
*Castalia

Gross
Tonnage

798
1,264
2,093
1,418
2,130
1,615
1,322

744 (net)
2,243
2,210
3,410
3,358
3,999
2,716
4,005
2,731
4,168
2,766
4,270
4,272
5,495
3,500
8,415
3,037
4,977
5,086
2,846
4,510
3317
8,292
4,376
4,348
5,156
6,861
4,806
9,223
6,601

Denotes ship still in service under same name.

193

ANCHOR LINE (Continued)

Year

Gross

Built

Name of Ship

Tonnage

1908

Elysia

6,757

1907

California

8,662

1908

Assyria

8,300

1910

Cameronia

10,963

1914

Algeria

8,156

1915

Tuscania

14,348

1920

*Cameronia

16,297

1922

Tuscania

16,991

1922

*Nea Hellas

16,991

1923

California

16,792

1925

Caledonia

17,046

1925

Transylvania

16,923

1926

Britannia

8,802

1937

*Cilicia

11,250

1937

*Carcassia

11,250

1947

*Caledonia (Building)

11,200

ATLANTIC TRANSPORT LINE

Commenced their London and New York service in 1886.
Passenger service ceased in 1934.

Year Gross

Built Name of Ship Tonnage

1890 Memphis 5,158

1890 Michigan 4,909

1891 Mobile 5,302

1892 Mohawk 5,678
1P92 Massachusetts 5 £90
1892 Manitoba 5,590
1894 Minnewaska 5,713

1897 Menominee 6,919

1898 Michigan 8,162
1898 Boadicea 7,057
1898 Marquette 7,057
1898 Manitou 6,849
1898 Poland 8,282

1900 Minnehaha 13,443

1901 Minneapolis 13,448

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

194

ATLANTIC

TRANSPORT LINE

(Continued)

Year

Gross

Built

Name of Ship

Tonnage

1901

Minnesota

11,667

1902

Minnetonka

13,440

1903

Minnewaska

15,801

1903

Mississippi

9,748

1909

Minnewaska

14,317

1917

Minnekahda

17,281

1923

Minnewaska

21,716

1924

Minnetonka

21,716

AUSTRO-AMERICAN LINE

(Unione Austriaca)

Established at Trieste in 1903 by the Fratelli Cosulich ship-
>ing firm. After the first World War the organization became
Lnown as the Cosulich Line.

Terminal ports:
Year
Built
1900
1903
1904
1904
1904
1905
1905
1905
1905
1906
1906
1906
1907
1907
1907
1907
1908
1908
1908
1908
1912
1913

Trieste, New York.

Name of Ship
Teresa
Gerty
Dora

pro

diulia

Carolina

Francesca

Sofia Hohenberg

Irene

Virginia

Ida

Eugenia

Argentina

Oceania

Alice

Laura

Atlanta

Georgia

Columbia

Martha Washington

Kaiser Franz Josef I.

Belvedere

Gross
Tonnage
3,769
4,212
2,531
2,531
4,337
4,713
4,996
5,491
3,454
3,563
4,730
4,903
5,526
5,497
6,122
6,122
5,387
5,380
5,460
8,347
12,588
7,420

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

195

AUSTRO-AMERICAN LINE (Continued)
(Unione Austriaca)

Year Gross

Built Name of Ship Tonnage

1913 Erny 6,515

1913 Dora 7,037

BEAVER LINE

This line was formed in 1867 by a group of Montreal mer-
chants. The official name of the line was Canada Shipping
Company. In 1899 the company changed hands and became the
property of Elder, Dempster Company, who finally sold the line
to the Canadian Pacific Steamships, Ltd. in 1903.

Service: Liverpool, Quebec, Montreal.

Year

Gross

Built

Name of Ship

Tonnage

1874

Lake Champlain

2,207

1875

Lake Megantic

2,219

1875

Lake Nepigon

2,209

1879

Lake Winnipeg

3,329

1879

Gallia

4,809

1880

Lake Manitoba

3,300

1881

Lake Huron

4,040

1884

Lake Superior

4,562

1884

Lake Simcoe

4,933

1887

Lake Ontario

4,502

NOTE: The

following ships were added to

the Beaver Line

service by Elder, Dempster' & Co.

Year

Gross

Built

Name of Ship

Tonnage

1897

Montcalm

5,505

1897

Monterey

5,478

1897

Montrose

6,094

1897

Milwaukee

7,317

1898

Monmouth

8,001

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

196

BEAVER LINE (Continued)

Year

Gross

Built

Name of Ship

Tonnage

1898

Mount Royal

7,064

1899

Montfort

5,519

1899

Monteagle

5,948

1899

Montezeuma

7,345

1900

Montreal

8,644

1900

Lake Champlain

7,392

1900

Lake Erie

7,550

1901

Lake Michigan

8,340

1901

Lake Manitoba

9,674

1901

Mount Temple

7,656

BERNSTEIN LINE

This German firm acquired the Red Star liners Pennland and
Westernland in 1935 which were later taken over by the Holland-
American Line.

Principal ports: Hamburg, Antwerp, Rotterdam, New York.
Year Gross

Built Name of Ship Tonnage

1904 Gerolstein 7,772

1904 Ilsenstein 8,216

1907 Konigstein 9,626

1918 Westernland 16,231

1922 Pennland 16,082

CANADIAN PACIFIC LINE

(Canadian Pacific Steamships, Ltd.)

Established their Trans-Atlantic service in 1903.

They acquired the Beaver Line fleet of Elder, Dempster Com-
pany in 1903. In 1916 they absorbed the Allan Line fleet.

Ports: Southampton, Liverpool, Glasgow, Montreal, Quebec,
Halifax, St. John

Year Gross

Built Name of Ship Tonnage

1889 Empress of India 5,920

1890 Empress of China 5,900
1890 Empress of Japan 5,905

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

197

CANADIAN PACIFIC LINE (Continued)

Year
Buitl

1897
1897
1897
1897
1898
1898
1899
1899
1899
1900
1900
1900
1900
1901
1901
1901
1904
1905
1906
1906
1906
1906
1907
1908
1908
1908
1913
1913
1913
1914
1914
1915
1918
1918
1921
1922

Gross

Name of Ship

Tonnage

Montcalm

5,505

Monterey

5,478

Montrose

6,094

Milwaukee

7,317

Mount Royal

7,064

Marglen

10,417

Montfort

5,519

Monteagle

5,948

Montezeuma

7,345

Marburn

10,743

Montreal

8,644

Lake Champlain

7,392

Lake Erie

7,550

Lake Michigan

8,340

Lake Manitoba

9,674

Mount Temple

7,656

Marloch

10,687

Empress of Scotland

25,160

Montreal

9,720

Empress of Ireland

14,191

Empress of Britain

14,189

Montroyal

15,646

Mar vale

11,438

Empress of India

16,992

Montnairn

17,282

Montlaurier

16,992

Empress of Asia

16,909

Empress of Russia

16,810

Empress of France

18,357

*Empress of Australia

21,833

Missanabie

12,469

Metagama

12,420

Melita

15,183

Minnedosa

15,186

*Montcalm

16,418

*Montclare

16,314

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

198

CANADIAN PACIFIC LINE (Continued)

Year Gross

Built Name of Ship Tonnage

1922 Montrose 16,402

1922 Empress of Canda 21,517

1928 Duchess of Athol 20,119

1928 Duchess of Bedford 20,123

1928 *Empress of India 20,123

1928 Duchess of Richmond 20,022

1928 *Empress of Canada 20,022

1929 Duchess of York 20,021

1930 Empress of Japan 26,032

1930 *Empress of Scotland 26,032

1931 Empress of Britain 42,348

COLLINS LINE

Commenced service in April 1849 with the Atlantic, and ceased
to operate line in January 1858.

Terminal ports: Liverpool, New York.

Year Gross

Built Name of Ship Tonnage

1849 Atlantic 2,856

1849 Arctic 2,856

1849 Baltic 2,856

1849 Pacific 2,856

1857 Adriatic 3,670

COSULICH LINE

Formerly known as the Unione Austriaca (Austro- American
Line) which was established in 1903 by the'shipping firm of Fra-
telli Cosulich. In 1931 the Cosulich Line merged with the newly-
formed "Italia" Line.

Terminal ports: Trieste, New York; also, on the South Amer-
ican trade.

Year Gross

Built Name of Ship Tonnage

1890 San Guisto 8,874

1903 Gerty 4,212

1904 Giulia 4,337

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

199

COSULICH LINE (Continued)

Year
Built
1905
1905
1905
1907
1908
1908
1908
1908
1912
1913
1927
1928
1932
1933

Gross

Name of Ship Tonnage

Carolina 4,713

Francesca 4,996

Sofia 5,491

Argentina 5,526

Atlanta 5,387

Georgia 5,380

Martha Washington 8,347

Columbia 5,460

Presidente Wilson 12,588

Belvedere 7,420

*Saturnia 23,940

*Vulcania 24,469

Neptunia 19,475

Oceania 19,507

CUNARD LINE
Established service in 1840.

The Cunard and White Star Lines merged in 1934.

Principal ports: Southampton, Liverpool, London, Glasgow,
Cherbourg, Belfast, Galway, Cobb, New York, Boston, Mon-
treal, Quebec, Halifax.

Year
Built
1840
1840
1840
1840
1843
1845
1847
1848
1848
1848
1850
1850
1852
1856

Name of Ship
Britannia
Acadia
Caledonia
Columbia
Hibernia
Cambria
Europa
America
Canada
Niagara
Africa
Asia
Arabia
Persia

Gross

Tonnage

1,139

,139

,139

,155

,422

,422

,989

,825

,831

,825

2,227

2,227

2,393

3,414

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

200

CUNARD LINE (Continued)

Year
Built

1857
1860
1860
1860
1860
1860
1861
1862
1865
1865
1865
1865
1866
1867
1867
1868
1870
1870
1870
1870
1872
1872
1874
1874
1875
1878
1881
1881
1882
1882
1883
1884
1884
1893
1893
1895
1895
1898
1900
1900

Name of Ship

Calabria

Atlas

Kedar

Olympus

Hecla

Marathon

China

Scotia

Aleppo

Tarifa

Cuba

Java

Palmyra

Siberia

Russia

Samaria

Abyssinia

Algeria

Batavia

Parthia

Trinidad

Demerara

Bothnia

Scythia

Gallia

Catalonia

Servia

Cephalonia

Pavonia

Aurania

Etruria

Umbria

Campania

Lucania

Carinthia

Sylvania

Ultonia

Albania

Ivernia

Gross
Tonnage

3,321
2,393
1,875
2,415
2,421
2,403
2,539
3,871
2,057
2,058
2,668
2,780
2,403
2,498
2,959
2,605
3,253
3,253
2,553
3,502
1,899
1,904
2,262
4,556
4,556
4,809
4,841
7,391
5,517
5,588
7,269
8,127
8,127

12,950

12,950
5,598
5,598

10,402
7,682

14,210

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

201

CUNARD LINE (Continued)

Year
BuiU

1900
1902
1903
1903
1904
1905
1905
1907
1907
1907
1909
1911
1911
1912
1912
1913
1913
1914
1914
1915
1920
1920
1921
1921
1921
1922
1922
1922
1922
1923
1924
1925
1925
1925
1935

Name of Ship

Saxonia

Flavia

Carpathia

Slavonia

Pannonia

Carmania

Caronia

Folia

Mauretania

Lusitania

Ausonia

Ascania

Franconia

Laconia

Berengaria

Alaunia

Andania

Transylvania

Aquitania

Aurania

Albania

Scythia

Samaria

Antonia

Ausonia

Andania

Tyrrhenia

Lancastria

Laconia

Franconia

Aurania

Alaunia

Ascania

Carinthia

Queen Mary

Gross
Tonnage

14,197
9,291
13,603
10,606
9,851
19,566
19,782
6,365
30,696
31,550
8,153
9,111
18,150
18,098
52,226
13,405
13,404
14,315
45,647
13,400
12,768
19,761
19,597
13,867
13,912
13,950
16,243
16,243
19,695
20,175
13,984
14,030
14,013
20,277
80,774

NOTE: See Cunard White Star Line

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

202

CUNARD WHITE STAR LINE

The merger of the Cunard and White Star Lines occurred
in 1934.

Ports: Southampton, Liverpool, London, Glasgow, Cherbourg,
Belfast, Galway, Cobb, New York, Boston, Canadian ports.

Year
Built

1911
1912
1914
1914
1920
1921
1921
1921
1921
1922
1922
1922
1923
1923
1924
1925
1925
1925
1927
1930
1932
1935
1939
1940
1947

Gross

Name of Ship

Tonnage

Olympic

46,439

Berengaria

52,226

*Aquitania

45,647

Homeric

34,356

*Scythia

19,761

Majestic

56,551

*Samaria

19,597

*Antonia

13,867

*Ausonia

13,912

Andania

13,950

Lancastria

16,243

Laconia

19,695

Doric

16,484

*Franconia

20,175

Aurania

13,984

*Alaunia

14,030

*Ascania

14,013

Carinthia

20,277

Laurentic

18,724

*Britannic

26,840

*Georgic

27,759

*Queen Mary

80,774

*Mauretania

35,673

*Queen Elizabeth

83,673

*Media (Building)

14,000

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

203

DOMINION LINE

NOTE: In 1870 the Mississippi Steamship Company estab-
lished a Canadian service from Liverpool under the name of
Mississippi and Dominion Steamship Company. This name was
changed to Dominion Line. In later years the line was absorbed
by the White Star Line.

Principal ports:

Liverpool, Quebec, Montreal,

Boston.

Year

Gross

Built

Name of Ship

Tonnage

1871

Mississippi

2,129

1874

Dominion

3,175

1874

Ottawa

5,000

1880

Toronto

3,315

1882

Norseman

4,000

1882

Roman

4,572

1882

Sarnia

3,726

1883

Oregon

3,672

1883

Vancouver

5,149

(Sold before completion)

1884

Vancouver

5,154

1891

Labrador

4,737

1892

Cambroman

6,059

1894

Dominion

7,036

1896

Canada

9,415

1897

Norseman

9,545

1898

New England

12,099

1899

Irishman

9,510

1900

Columbus

15,378

1900

Commonwealth

12,268

1902

Mayflower

13,518

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

204

DONALDSON ATLANTIC LINE Ltd.

The passenger service dates back to 1905 when it was known
as the Donaldson Line. However, this name was changed in
1916 to Anchor-Donaldson Line and remained so until reorgan-
ized again in 1935 when given its present name.

Principal ports: Glasgow, Halifax, Quebec, Montreal.

Year Gross

Built Name of Ship Tonnage

1904 Athenia 9,080

1906 Cassandra 8,135

1910 Saturnia 8,611

1912 Letitia 8,991

1923 Athenia 13,465

1925 *Letitia 13,475

FABRE LINE (French)
(Cyprien Fabre)

This line acquired their first steamship in 1874.
Principal ports: Marseilles, Naples, Palermo, New York.

Year Gross

Built Name of Ship Tonnage

1869 Brooklyn 3,576

1881 America 2,403

1881 Britannia 2,477

1882 Alesia 2,740
1882 Burgundia 2,908

1882 Patria 4,053

1883 Pictavia 2,030
1883 Neustria 2,687
1883 Gallia 4,134
1883 Chateau Yquem 4,211
1885 Equita 3,369
1891 Massilia 3,097
1902 Britania 5,103

1902 Roma 5,291

1903 Germania 5,103

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

205

Year
Built
1905
1906
1907
1907
1907
1907
1910
1911
1913
1914
1915
1924

FABRE LINE (Continued)

Name of Ship

Madonna

Alesia

Europa

Asia

Braga

Venezia

Sant' Anna
"Canada

Patria
*Banfpra

Providence
*Sinaia

Gross

Tonnage

5,633

9,720

6,122

6,122

6,122

6,707

9,350

9,684

11,885

9,347

11,996

8,567

FRENCH LINE

This line was established in 1862 but did not commence
their Havre-New York service until 1864.

Principal ports: Havre, Bordeaux, Plymouth, New York, West
Indies and Central American ports.

Year
Built
1862
1863
1864
1864
1864
1864
1865
1865
1865
1865
1865
1865
1865
1866
1866
1866
1868
1870

Gross

Name of Ship Tonnage

Louisiane 1,780

Washington 3,401

Lafayette 3,003

Amerique 3,200

Imperatrice Eugenie 3,200

Europe 3,443

Nouveau Monde 4,503

Labrador 4,612

Ville du Havre 4,000

La France 4,648

Canada 4,287

Panama 4,287

Pereire 3,950

Napoleon III 3,950

Ville de Paris 2,838

Saint Laurent 3,989

Caldera 2,064

Ville de Boudeaux 2,670

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

206

FRENCH LINE (Continued)

Year Gross

Built Name of Ship Tonnage

1870 Ville de Brest 2,676

1873 Olinde-Rodrigues 3,188

1874 Ville de Marseille 2,836
1874 St. Germain 3,641

1874 Klopstock 3,641

1875 Ferdinand de Lesseps 2,920

1882 La Normandie 6,283

1883 Martinique 4,392

1883 Ville de St. Nazaire 1,556

1884 Ville de Tunis 1,903

1885 La Champagne 6,724

1886 La Bourgogne 7,303

1886 La Bretagne 6,756

1887 La Gascogne 7,090

1889 Due de Bragance 2,033

1890 Ville d' Alger 2,097

1890 L' Aquitaine 8,810

1891 General Chanzy 2,299

1891 La Touraine 8,429

1892 La Navarre 6,343

1899 La Lorraine 11,146

1900 La Savoie 11,168

1901 Leopoldina 12,334
1901 Suffren 10,622

1903 Figuig 3,655

1904 Hudson 5,558

1904 La Bourdonnais 8,287

1905 Saint Laurent 5,607
1905 Louisiane 5,109
1905 Californie 5,152

1905 La Provence 13,753

1906 Roussillon 8,800

1906 Guadeloupe 6,600

1907 Perou 6,599
1907 Floride 7,029

1907 Virginie 5,579

1908 Caroline 6,698
1908 Charles Roux 4,104
1908 Chicago 11,127

1908 Niagara 9,614

1909 Espagne 11,155

1910 Carthage 5,601

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

207

FRENCH LINE (Continued)

Year Gross

Built Name of Ship Tonnage

1911 Timgad 5,232

1911 Rochambeau 12,678

1912 France 23,769

1912 Due d' Aumale 4,452

1913 Puerto Rico 6,127
1913 Meknes 6,127
1913 Haiti 6,288
1913 *Marrakech 6,179

1913 Pellerin de Latoche 8,848

1914 Flandre 8,503

1915 Lafayette 11,953
1915 Mexique 12,220
1918 Winnipeg 8,379
1921 Paris 34,569

1921 Lamoriciere 4,713

1922 Bretagne 10,171

1923 Cuba 11,337

1924 De La Salle 8,400
1924 *De Grasse 17,759
1926 *Ile de France 43,153

1929 President Dal Piaz 4,929

1930 Lafayette 25,178

1930 *Liberte 49,746

1931 *Colombie 13,391

1932 Champlain 28,124

1933 Normandie 82,799

1935 *Ville d' Alger 10,172

1936 *Ville d' Oran 10,200

FURNESS WITHY & Co., Ltd.
(Warren Line)

Terminal ports: Liverpool, Boston.

Year Gross

Name of Ship Tonnape

Built
1925
1926
1947
1947

Newfoundland 6,791

Nova Scotia 6,796

*Newfoundland (Building) 7,500

*Nova Scotia (Building) 7,500

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

208

GREEK PASSENGER SHIPS

Service: Greek ports, New York.

Year
Built

1890
1896
1896
1896
1897
1901
1907
1907
1908
1909
1912
1914
1914
1914

Gross

Name of Ship

Tonnage

Thessaloniki

4,682

Edison

11,103

Constantinople

11,570

King Alexander

11,455

loannina

4,167

Moreas

8,292

Moraitis

6,045

Themistocles

6,045

Athinai

6,742

Patris

4,390

Macedonia

6,333

Vasilefs Constantinos

9,272

Megali Hallas

9,272

Byron

9,272

GUION LINE

Established in 1866. Service ceased in 1892.
Principal ports: Liverpool, New York.

Name of Ship

Year
Built

1866
1866
1867
1867
1868
1869
1870
1870
1872
1872
1879
1881
1883

Manhattan

Chicago

Nebraska

Colorado

Nevada

Idaho

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Montana

Dakota

Arizona

Alaska

Oregon

Gross
Tonnage

2,869
1,948
3,662
2,888
3,125
3,132
3,238
3,238
4,300
4,332
5,147
6,392
7,375

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

209

GYDNIA-AMERICAN LINE
(Polish Transatlantic Shipping Co., Ltd.)

Principal ports: Gdynia, Copenhagen, Halifax, New York.

Year Gross

Built Name of Ship Tonnage

1910 Polonia 7,890

1912 Pulaski 6,516

1915 Kosciuszko 6,598

1935 Pilsudski 14,294

1936 *Batory 14,287
1939 Chrobry 11,442
1939 *Sobieski 11,030

HAMBURG-AMERICAN LINE

Established in 1847 with sailing ships. Steamship service
commenced in 1857.

The Hamburg-American Line acquired the Eagle Line in 1875.
Service has been temporarily discontinued.

Principal ports: Hamburg, Boulogne, Cherbourg, Southampton
New York. NOTE: Service has been provided to numerous other
ports.

Year Gross

Bkiilt Name of Ship Tonnage

1855 Borussia 2,349

1855 Hammonia 2,026

1856 Teutonia 2,034

1856 Bavaria 2,273

1857 Austria 2,383
1857 Saxonia 2,404
1865 Allemania 2,619
1867 Hammonia 2,964

1867 Cimbria 3,037

1868 Holsatia 3,134

1868 Westphalia 3,185

1869 Silesia 3,156

1870 Thuringia 2,134
1872 Frisia 3,500

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

210

HAMBURG- AMERICAN LINE (Continued)

Name of Ship

Year
Built

Gross
Tonnage

1873
1873
1873
1874
1874
1874
1874
1881
1882
1882
1883
1883
1886
1888
1889
1889
1889
1889
1889
1890
1890
1890
1890
1891
1891
1893
1893
1894
1894
1894
1896
1896
1896
1897
1898
1898
1899
1899
1899
1899

Herder

Pommerania

Schiller

Lessing

Gellert

Suevia

Wieland

Bohemia

Hammonia

Rugia

Rhaetia

Moravia

Albano

Auguste Victoria

Columbia

Italia

Dania

Russia

Scandia

Christiania

Baumwall

Furst Bismark

Normannia

Oceana

Pallanza

Palatia

Patria

Phoenicia

Prussia

Persia

Pisa

Armenia

Pennsylvania

Pretoria

Bulgaria

Graf Waldersee

Batavia

Patricia

Hamburg

Bosnia

2,873
3,382
3,408
3,527
3,533
3,624
3,504
3,441
4,247
4,053
3,458
3,690
3,736
7,661
7,383
3,564
3,898
3,908
4,243
2,816
2,816
8,874
8,250
7,815
4,606
7,118
7,118
7,118
7,008
5,713
4,959
5,471
13,333
13,234
11,077
13,102
11,464
13,424
10,532
9,683

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

211

HAMBURG-AMERICAN LINE (Continued)

Year
Built

1899
1899
1899
1900
1901
1901
1901
1902
1902
1902
1902
1903
1904
1905
1905
1905
1905
1905
1906
1907
1907
1907
1907
1908
1908
1908
1909
1912
1914
1914
1920
1920
1921
1921
1922
1922
1923
1923
1923
1923

Gross

Name of Ship Tonnage

Deutschland 16,502

Victoria Luise 16,502

Hansa 16,376

Kiautschou 10,911
Prinzessin Victoria Luise 4,409

Bluecher 12,334

Moltke 12,335

Prinz Eitel Friedrich 4,650

Prinz Adalbert 6,030

Prinz Oskar 6,026

Prinz Sigismund 4,689

Swakopmund 5,631

Rhaetia 6,600

Rugia 6,598

Furst Bismarck : 8,330

Kronprinzessin Cecilie 8,689

Amerika 22,225
Kaiserin Auguste Victoria 24,581
Konig Friedrich Auguste 9,462

Corcovado 8,374

Konig Wilhelm II 9,410

President Grant 18,078

President Lincoln 18,162

Ypiranga 8,309

Cincinnati 16,339

Cleveland 16,971

Holsatia 7,442

Imperator 52,226

Vaterland 54,282

Tirpitz 21,833

Reliance 19,802

Resolute 39,692

General Mitre 9,891

Bismarck 56,551

Thuringia 11,343

General San Martin 11,343

Westphalia 11,343

General Artigas 11,343

Albert Ballin 20,815

Deutschland 20,607

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

212

HAMBURG-AMERICAN LINE (Continued)

Year Gross

BuiU Name of Ship Tonnage

1923 Hansa 21,131

1926 Hamburg 21,133

1927 New York 21,455

1928 Orinoco 9,660
1928 Magdalena 9,779

1928 Iberia 9,829

1929 General Osorio 11,590
1929 Milwaukee 16,699
1929 St. Louis 16,732
1932 Caribia 12,049
1932 Cordillera 12,055
1938 Patria 16,595

HOLLAND-AMERICAN LINE

Service was established in 1872

Principal ports Rotterdam, Boulogne, Plymouth, Southampton,
New York, Havana, Vera Cruz, New Orleans.

Year
Built

1871
1873
1874
1878
1879
1880
1881
1881
1886
1897
1898
1900
1901
1902
1906
1908

Gross

Name of Ship

Tonnage

Maasdam

3,707

Veendam

3,707

P. Caland

2,584

Edam

3,329

Amsterdam

3,664

Obdam

3,699

Spaarndam

4,539

Werkendam

3,639

Rotterdam

3,329

Rotterdam

8,287

Statendam

10,491

Potsdam

12,522

Rijndam

12,529

Noordam

12,531

Nieuw Amsterdam

17,149

Rotterdam

24,149

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

213

Gross

Name of Ship

Tonnage

Statendam

32,234

*Edam

8,871

*Leerdam

8,815

*Maasdam

8,812

Spaarndam

8,857

*Volendam

15,434

*Veendam

15,450

Statendam

29,510

*Nieuw Amsterdam

36,287

*Noordam

10,726

Zaandam

10,909

*Westerdam

10,000

HOLLAND-AMERICAN LINE (Continued)

Year
Built

1917
1921
1921
1921
1922
1922
1923
1929
1938
1939
1939
1946

INMAN LINE

Commenced service in December, 1850

The American Line acquired this company in 1893.

Terminal ports: Liverpool, New York.

Year Gross

Built Name of Ship Tonnage

1850 City of Glasgow 1,609

1851 City of Pittsburg

1851 City of Manchester 2,215

1853 City of Philadelphia 2,168

1853 City of Washington 2,870

1854 City of Baltimore 2,472

1860 City of Bristol 2,655

1861 City of New York 2,360
1863 City of Limerick 2,536

1863 City of London 2,765

1864 City of Boston 2,213

1865 City of Durham 697

Denotes ship still in service under same name.

214

INMAN LINE (Continued)

Gross

Name of Ship

Tonnage

City of New York

3,499

City of Lincoln

3,182

City of Paris

2,651

City of Antwerp

2,391

City of Brooklyn

2,911

City of Brussels

3,081

City of Montreal

4,489

City of Chester

4,560

City of Richmond

4,623

City of Berlin

5,491

City of Rome

8,415

City of Chicago

5,000

City of New York

10,499

City of Paris

10,669

Year
Built

1865
1866
1866
1867
1869
1869
1872
1873
1873
1875
1881
1883
1888
1889

"ITALIA" LINE

Formed in 1931 by the consolidation of Cosulich, Lloyd
Sabaudo, and Navigazione Generale Italiana Lines.

Service has been discontinued.

Ports: Genoa, Naples, :Gibraltar, Trieste, New York, Central
American and South American Ports.

Year
Built

1913
1917
1920
1921
1921
1923
1923
1923
1925
1925
1926
1926

Gross

Name of Ship

Tonnage

Belvedere

6,889

Colombo

12,003

Lombardia

20,007

Sannio

9,834

Giulio Cesare

21,657

Principessa Giovanna

8,556

Principessa Maria

8,539

Duilio

24,281

Viminale

8,657

Conte Biancamano

24,416

Roma

32,583

Romolo

9,780

Denotes ship still in service under same name.

215

'ITALIA" LINE (Continued)

Year
Built

1927
1927
1927
1927
1927
1928
1928
1932
1932
1932
1933

Name of Ship

Remo

Virgilio

Orazio

Augustus
*Saturnia
*Vulcania

Conte Grande

Rex

Conte di Savoia

Neptunia

Oceania

Gross
Tonnage

9,780
11,718
11,669
32,650
23,940
24,469
25,661
51,062
48,502
19,475
19,507

LA VELOCE LINE

This Italian line was later absorbed by the Navigazione
Generale Italiana.

Service: Italian ports,
ports.

Year
Built

1868
1871
1882
1882
1882
1883
1884
1894
1897
1897
1898
1905
1905
1905
1905
1907
1909
1909

New York, Central and South American

Name of Ship Tonnage

Sud America 3,185

Citta di Napoli 4,125

Citta di Geneva 3,919

Matteo Bruzzo 3,919

Nord America 4,920

Duca di Galliera 4,304

Duchessa di Geneva 4,304

Citta di Messina 2,478

Citta di Milano 3,848

Savoia 4,429

Citta di Torino 3,836

Argentina 4,985

Brasile 4,985

Bologna 4,680

Italia 5,203

Europa 7,870

Oceania 9,000

Stampalia 9,000

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

216

LLOYD ITALIANO LINE

This line was later absorbed by Navigazione Generale Ital-
iana.

Service. Italian Ports, New York.

Year
Built

1904
1905
1905
1906
1906
1908

Gross

Name of Ship

Tonnage

Mendoza

6,847

Florida

5,018

Indiana

5,012

Luisiana

4,983

Virginia

5,181

Taormina

8,921

LLOYD SABAUDO LINE

Established in 1906

Became part of the newly formed "Italia" Line in 1931.
Principal ports: Genoa, New York, South American ports.

Gross
Name of Ship Tonnage

Pesaro 12,335

Principe di Piemonte 6,365

Regina di Italia 6,240

Re d' Italia 6,237

Tomaso di Savoia 7,761

Principe di Udine 7,794

Conte Rosso 17,048

Conte Verde 18,765

Principessa Giovanna 8,556

Principessa Maria 8,539

Conte Biancamano 24,416

Conte Grande 25,661

Conte di Savoia 48,502

Year
Built

1901
1907
1907
1907
1907
1908
1922
1923
1923
1923
1925
1927
1932

Denotes ship still in service under same name.

217

NATIONAL LINE

Established in 1863. Service ceased in 1893.
Principal ports: Liverpool, London, New York

Year
Built

1858
1858
1863
1863
1863
1863
1864
1864
1864
1865
1865
1865
1867
1868
1871
1871
1884

Name of Ship

Louisiana

Holland

Pennsylvania

Virginia

Canada

Greece

The Queen

Erin

Helvetia

Denmark

Scotland

England

France

Italy

Spain

Egypt

America

Gross
Tonnage

3,847
3,847
4,276
4,310
4,276
4,310
4,471
4,577
4,588
3,725
3,803
3,440
4,281
4,341
4,512
4,670
5,528

NAVIGAZIONE GENERALE ITALIANA

This old Italian steamship line adopted the above name in
1881. Since then it absorbed the La Veloce, Lloyd Italiana, and
Transoceania lines. In 1931 became part of the newly formed
"Italia" Line.

Terminal ports: Genoa, New York. NOTE: Service was provided
to many other important ports.

Year
Built

1876
1877
1880
1880
1881

Name of Ship

Marco Minghetti
Sempione
Vincenzo Florio
Washington
Archimede

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

218

Gross
Tonnage

2,489
3,149
2,840
2,814
2,837

NAVIGAZIONE GENERALE ITALIANA (Cont.)

Year

Built

1881

1882

1883

1883

1883

1883

1883

1883

1884

1899

1899

1899

1899

1901

1901

1901

1903

1904

1907

1907

1907

1907

1907

1907

1908

1908

1908

1908

1908

1908

1908

1909

1917

1920

1923

1926

1927

1927

1927

1932

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

Gross

Name of Ship

Tonnage

Iniziativa

2,040

Birmania

2,384

Letimbro

2,202

Entella

2,258

Stura

2,180

Orione

4,161

Sirio

4,141

Perseo

4,158

Regina Margherita

3,577

Napoli

9,203

Palermo

9,203

Sannio

9,210

Lazio

9,203

Liguria

4,865

Ravenna

4,101

Lombardia

4,815

Citta di Geneva

7,728

Caserta

7,028

Napoli

6,094

Palermo

6,094

Re Vittorio

7,847

Regina Elena

7,865

Duca di Geneva

7,811

Duca Degli Abruzzi

7,838

Duca d' Aosta

7,804

Taormina

8,921

Ancona

8,885

Verona

8,886

Principessa Jolanda

9,200

Principessa Mafalda

8,210

America

8,996

Principe Umberto

7,838

Colombo

12,003

Giulio Cesare

21,657

Duilio

24,281

Roma

32,583

Augustus

32,650

Orazio

11,669

Virgilio

11,718

Rex

51,062

219

NORTH GERMAN LLOYD

Established in 1856.

Service has been temporarily discontinued.
Terminal ports: Bremen, New York.

Year Gross
Built Name of Ship Tonnage

1858 Bremen 2,551

1858 Hudson 2,674

1858 New York 2,528

1858 Weser 2,700

1861 Hansa 3,325

1863 America 2,713

1865 Hermann 2,873

1866 Union 2,873

1866 Deutschland 2,873

1867 Weser 2,871

1868 Baltimore 2,321
1868 Berlin 2,333
1868 Main 2,893
1868 Donau 3,073

1868 Rhein 3,075

1869 Ohio 2,394
1869 Frankfurt 2,582
1869 Leipzig 2,287

1869 Hannover 2,571

1870 Konig Wilhelm I 3,300

1871 Graf Bismarck 2,406

1871 Kronprinz Freidrich Wilhelm

2,387

1872 Mosel 3,200

1872 Strassburg 3,025

1873 Braunschweig 3,079
1873 Nurnberg 3,116
1873 Oder 3,265

1873 Neckar 2,331

1874 General Werder 3,020

1874 Hohenstaufen 3,098

1875 Habsburg 3,094
1875 Salier 3,214
1881 Hermann 2,243
1881 Elbe 4,897

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

220

NORTH GERMAN LLOYD (Continued)

Year

Gross

BuiU

Name of Ship

Tonnage

1882

Fulda

4,814

1882

Werra

5,109

1884

Eider

4,719

1884

Ems

4,933

1886
1886

Bayern
Sachsen

5,034
5,026

1886

Aller

5,217

1886

Saale

5,381

1886

Trave

5,262

1886

Preussen

5,295

1887

Lahn

5,681

1889

Munchen

4,801

1889

Dresden

4,580

1889

Karlesruhe

5,057

1889

Stuttgart

5,048

1889

Kaiser Wilhelm II

6,990

1889

Hohenzollern

6,668

1890

Darmstadt

5,012

1890

Gera

5,005

1890

Oldenburg

5,006

1890 -

Havel

6,963

1890
1890

Spree
Kaiserin Maria Theresa

6,963
7,840

1891

Weimar

4,996

1892

H. H. Meier

5,140

1893

Roland

3,603

1893

Pfalz

4,604

1894

Willehad

4,761

1894

Wittekind

4,755

(Tonnage increased to 5,640)

1895

Aachen

3,833

1895

Crefeld

3,829

1895

Bonn

3,969

1895

Halle

3,960

1895

Thekla

3,689

1895

Wittenberg

3,689

1896

Barbarossa

10,984

1896

Friedrich der Grosse

10,771

1896

Konigin Luise

10,711

1896

Bremen

11,570

Denotes ship still in service under same name.
221

NORTH GERMAN LLOYD (Continued)

Year
Built

1897
1898
1898
1899
1899
1899
1899
1899
1899
1900
1900
1900
1900
1900
1901
1901
1901
1901
1901
1901
1902
1903
1903
1903
1903
1903
1903
1903
1904
1904
1906
1906
1906
1906
1906
1906
1907
1908
1908
1908

Gross

Name of Ship Tonnage

Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse 14,349

Trier 3,168

Kaiser Friedrich 12,481

Koln 7,409

Frankfurt 7,431

Hannover 7,305

Konig Albert 10,484

Grosser Kurfurst 13,245

Rhein 10,058

Main 10,067

Prinzess Alice 10,911

Prinzess Irene 10,881

Bremen 10,826

Karlesruhe 10,826

Brandenburg 7,532

Breslau 7,524

Chemnitz 7,543

Cassel 7,543

Neckar 9,835

Kronprinz Wilhelm 14,908

Zieten 8,043

Prinz Waldemar 3,227

Prinz Sigismund 3,302

Seydlitz 7,942

Schleswig 6,955

Gneisenau 8,081

Roon 8,022

Kaiser Wilhelm II 19,361

Prinz Eitel Friedrich 8,170

Scharnhorst 8,131

Goeben 8,792

Kleist 8,950

Yorck 8,976

Bulow 8,980

Prinz Ludwig 9,687
Kronprinzessin Cecilie 19,503

Derfflinger 9,144

Luetzow 8,716

Coburg 6,750

Eisenach 6,757

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

222

NORTH GERMAN LLOYD (Continued)

Year
BuiU

1908
1908
1908
1912
1912
1912
1913
1914
1914
1914
1921
1922
1922
1922
1922
1922
1922
1922
1922
1922
1923
1923
1923
1923
1923
1924
1924
1924
1925
1929
1930
1935
1935
1935

Gross

Name of Ship Tonnage

Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm 17,082

Berlin 17,324

George Washington 25,570

Sierra Nevada 8,235

Sierra Salvada 8,300

Sierra Ventana 8,396

Sierra Cordoba 8,135

Zepplelin 14,588

Dresden 14,690

Columbus 34,356

Koln 9,264

Sierra Nevada 8,753

Madrid 8,753

Werra 9,476

Weser 9,444

Crefeld 9,620

Muenchen 13,483

General Von Steuben 14,690

Steuben 14,690

Columbus 32,354

Coblenz 9,449

Munchen 18,940

Stuttgart 13,387

Sierra Cordoba 11,469

Sierra Ventana 11,392

Sierra Morena 11,430

Der Deutsche 11,453

Fulda 9,492

Berlin 15,286

Bremen 51,656

Europa 49,746

Gneisenau 18,160

Scharnhorst 18,184

Potsdam 17,528

Denotes ship still in service under same name.

223

NORWEGIAN-AMERICAN LINE

Established in 1910 with service commencing in 1913.
Established in 1910 but did not commence until 1913.
Principal ports: Stavanger, Bergen, New York.

Year Gross

BuiU Name of Ship Tonnage

1913 Kristianafjord 10,669

1913 Bergensfjord 11,013

1918 *Stavangerfjord 13,156

1938 Oslofjord 18,372

RED STAR LINE

Established in 1873

The Bernstein Line of Hamburg acquired the Red Star
Line in 1935.

Principal ports: Antwerp, Southampton, New York.

Year Gross

Built Name of Ship Tonnage

1865 Zeeland 2,697

1867 Waesland 4,752

1870 Pennland 3,760

1873 Nederland 2,950

1873 Vaterland 2,748

1874 Switzerland 2,957

1878 Belgenland 3,692

1879 Rhynland 3,689
1884 Noordland 5,129
1884 Westernland 5,665
1889 Friesland 6,409
1893 Gothland 7,669

1900 Vaterland 11,899

1901 Zeeland 11,905

1902 Finland 12,188

1902 Kroonland 12,185

1903 Samland 9,748
1908 Lapland 18,565

1917 Belgenland 27,132

1918 Westernland 16,289
1922 Pennland 16,322

Denotes ship still in service under same name.

224

SCANDINAVIAN-AMERICAN LINE

(United Steamship Company)

This Danish shipping firm was established in 1866. The
company acquired the ships of the Thingvalla Line in 1898.

Passenger service on this transatlantic line has been dis-
continued.

Terminal ports: Copenhagen, New York.

Year Gross

Built Name of Ship Tonnage

1872 Amerika 3,867

1874 Thingvalla 2,503

1881 Norge 3,318

1882 Island 2,813
1884 Hekla 3,225
1897 C. F. Tietgen 8,173

1901 Oscar II 10,012

1902 Hellig Olav 9,939

1903 United States 9,993
1913 Frederik VIII 11,850

SPANISH LINE

(Compania Trasatlantica)

This line was established at Barcelona in 1881 by A. Lopez
& Company, steamship owners since 1865.

Service: Spain, Central and South America, New York.

Year Gross

Built Name of Ship Tonnage

1866 Cristobal Colon 2,869

1867 San Ignacio Loyola 3,228
1872 Habana 2,678
1872 Ciudad Condal 3,174

1875 Panama 2,085

1876 Mexico 2,113

1877 Santo Domingo 2,805
1878 Ciudad de Cadiz 3.202

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

225

SPANISH LINE (Continued)

Year
Built

1878
1881
1882
1882
1883
1884
1884
1887
1888
1888
1888
1889
1889
1890
1890
1890
1890
1890
1891
1891
1891
1891
1892
1913
1913
1913
1913
1923
1923
1923
1923
1928
1928
1928

Name of Ship

Don Alvado de Bason

Isla de Mindanao

San Augustin

Isla de Panay

Cataluna

Colon

Covadonga

Buenos Aires

Reina Maria Cristina

Alfonso XIII

Leon XIII

Montserrat

Montevideo

Leon XIII

Santiago

Meteoro

Alfonso XII

P. de Satrustegui

C. Lopez Y. Lopez

Antonio Lopez

Alfonso XIII

Vasco Nunez de Balboa
*Manuel Calvo

Reina Victoria Eugenia

Infanta Isabel de Borbon
*Argentina

Uruguay

Manuel Arnus

Alfonso XIII

Cristobal Colon
*Habana

Magallanes
*Juan Sebastian Elcano

Marques de Comillas

Gross
Tonnage

4,809

4,125

2,332

3,545

3,665

5,044

5,161

5,311

4,818

5,000

5,087

4,147

5,205

5,206

5,206

6,966

6,966

4,710

4,170

5,975

7,815

7,815

5,617

10,137

10,348

10,137

10,348

7,578

10,551

10,833

10,551

9,689

9,965

9,922

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

226

STATE LINE

Established in 1873. This company was taken over bv the
Allan Line in 1891.

Principal ports: Glasgow, New York.

Year
BuiU

1872
1873
1873
1873
1873
1874
1874
1880
1881

Gross

Name of Ship Tonnage

State of Louisiana 1,869

State of Alabama 2,313

State of Georgia 2,490

State of Pennsylvania 2,488

State of Virginia 2,472

State of Nevada 2,488

State of Indiana 2,528

State of Nebraska 3,986

State of Florida 4,000

SWEDISH-AMERICAN LINE

Established service in 1915.
Principal ports: Gothenburg, Halifax, New York

Year
Built

1900
1902
1905
1925
1928
1941
1947

Gross

Name of Ship Tonnage

Stockholm 12,835

Kungsholm 12,500

*Drottningholm 11,165

*Gripsholm 17,716

Kungsholm 20,223

Stockholm 28,000

*Stockholm (Building) 11,000

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

227

UNITED STATES LINES

This line was established in 1922 after the collapse of the
United States Mail line. In 1930 was sold to a financial combine
organized by P. W. Chapman & Co. In 1935 this important
line was acquired by the well known International Mercantile
Marine Company.

Principal ports: New York, Cherbourg, Southampton, London,
Havre, Hamburg.

Year
Built

1905
1907
1908
1914
1921
1922
1932
1933
1940

Gross

Name of Ship Tonnage

America 21,145

Republic 17,910

George Washington 23,788

Leviathan 59,957

President Harding 13,869

President Roosevelt 13,869

Manhattan 24,289

'Washington 24,289

*America 26,454

WHITE STAR LINE

Commenced steamship service in 1871.
Merged with Cunard Line in 1934.
Services: British Ports, New York, Boston, Canadian Ports.

Year
Built

1870
1870
1871
1872
1872
1873
1874
1874
1881
1881

Name of Ship

Oceanic

Atlantic

Republic

Adriatic

Celtic

Baltic

Britannic

Germanic

Arabic

Coptic

Gross
Tonnage

3,808
3,707
3,707
3,888
3,888
3,707
5,004
5,000
4,386
4,384

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

228

WHITE

STAR LINE

(Continued)

Year

Gross

Built

Name of Ship Tonnage

1888

Cufic

4,639

1889

Runic

4,833

1889

Teutonic

9,686

1890

Majestic

9,861

1891

Nomadic

5,749

1891

Tauric

5,728

1892

Bo vie

6,583

1893

Cevic

8,301

1893

Gothic

7,755

1895

Georgic

10,077

1896

Canada

9,415

1897

Delphic

8,273

1898

Cymric

13,096

1898

Romanic

11,394

1899

Afric

11,948

1899

Medic

11,948

1899

Persic

11,974

1899

Oceanic

17,274

1900

Canopic

12,268

1900

Runic

12,663

1900

Republic

15,378

1901

Suevic

12,531

1901

Celtic

20,904

1902

Ionic

12,352

1902

Corinthic

12,367

1902

Cretic

13.507

1903

Belgic

9,767

1903

Arabic

15,801

1903

Cedric

21,227

1904

Baltic

23,884

1906

Adriatic

24,563

1908

Arabic

16,821

1909

Laurentic

14,892

1909

Megantic

14,878

1911

Titanic

46,329

1911

Olympic

46,439

1913

Ceramic

18,495

1914

Homeric

34,356

1914

Britannic

48,158

1917

Belgic

24,547

1917

Justicia

32,234

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

229

WHITE STAR LINE (Concluded)

Year Gross

Built Name of Ship Tonnage

1918 Vedic 9,060

1918 Calgaric 16,063

1918 Regina 16,313

1921 Majestic 56,551

1922 Pittsburg 16,322

1923 Albertic 18,940
1923 Doric 16,484
1927 Laurentic 18,724
1930 Britannic 26,840
1932 Georgic 27,759

NOTE: See Cunard White Star Line.

* Denotes ship still in service under same name.

230

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266

PART VI
PICTORIAL SECTION

ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Aller (1886) North German Lloyd 287

America (1848) Cunard Line 272

America ( 1940) I Jnited States Lines .... Frontispiece

Amerika (1905^ Hamburg- American Line 307

Amerique (1864) French Line . 275

Andania (1913) Cunard Line 316

Aquitania (1914) Cunard Line 316

Athenia (1923) Anchor-Donaldson Line 321

Auguste Victoria (1888) Hamburg- American Line . . . 291

Aurania (1883) Cunard Line 285

Baltic (1904) White Star Line 304

Barbarossa (1896) North German Lloyd 296

Bavarian (1900) Allan Line 301

Berlin (1925) North German Lloyd 323

Bremen (1929) North German Lloyd ....... 325

Britannia (1840) Cunard Line 271

Britannic (1874) White Star Line 279

Caledonia (1904) Anchor Line . , 305

Caledonia (1925) Anchor Line 323

California (1923) Anchor Line 319

Canopic( 1900) White Star Line 301

Caronia (1905) Cunard Line 307

Carpathia (1903) Cunard Line 304

Caspian (1870) Allan Line 277

Champlain (1932) French Line 327

City of Berlin (1875) Inman Line. . . . . . . .279

City of Chicago (1883) Inman Line 284

City of Richmond (1873) Inman Line 278

City of Rome (1881) Anchor Line 281

Columbus (1922) North German Lloyd 320

Conte di Savoia (1932) "Italia" Line 329

Cristobal Colon (1923) Spanish Line 319

Darmstadt (1890) North German Lloyd 293

DeGrasse( 1924) French Line 322

Deutschland (1923) Hamburg-American Line .... 318

Elbe (1881) North German Lloyd 284

Empress of Britain (1906) Canadian Pacific Line ... 308

Empress of Britain (1931) Canadian Pacific Line . . . 326

Empress of France (1913) Canadian Pacific Line . . . 314

Etruria (1884) Cunard Line 285

Friesland( 1889) Red Star Line 290

General von Steuben (1922) North German Lloyd ... 322

Georgic( 1932) White Star Line 325

Homeric (1914) White Star Line 334

I vernia( 1900) Cunard Line 302

269

Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse (1897) North German Lloyd . 297

Kaiserin Maria Theresa (1890) North German Lloyd . . 292

Kiautschou (1900) Hamburg-American Line .... 300

Kungsholm (1928) Swedish American Line 324

L' Aquitaine (1890) French Line 291

La Bretagne ( 1886) French Line 286

La Champagne (1885) French Line 288

La Lorraine (1899) French Line 298

Laconia (1912) Cunard Line 313

Lucania (1893) Cunard Line 294

Lusitania (1907) Cunard Line 310

Majestic (1921) White Star Line 317

Marloch (1904) Canadian Pacific Line 306

Mauretania (1907) Cunard Line 309

Megantic (1909) White Star Line 311

Minnedosa (1918) Canadian Pacific Line 317

New York (1888) Inman Line 290

Normandie (1933) French Line 331

Oceanic (1870) White Star Line 278

Oceanic (1899) White Star Line 300

Olympic (1911) White Star Line 334

Pavonia (1882) Cunard Line 283

Pilsudski (1935) Gydnia-America Line 330

President Grant (1907) Hamburg-American Line . . . 311

Preussen (1886) North German Lloyd 288

Principe di I Jdine ( 1908) Lloyd Sabaudo Line .... 310

Prinz Eitel Friedrich (1904) North German Lloyd ... 306

Queen Elizabeth (1940) Cunard White Star Line ... 333

Queen Mary (1935) Cunard White Star Line .... 332

Republic (1900) White Star Line 303

Rex (1932) "Italia" Line 328

Rhynland (1879) Red Star Line 280

Saale (1886) North German Lloyd 289

St. Paul (1895) American Line 295

Samaria (1868) Cunard Line 276

Sannio (1899) Navigazione Generale Italiana .... 299

Scotia (1862) Cunard Line 273

Scythia (1920) Cunard Line 318

Servia (1881) Cunard Line 282

Slavonia (1903) Cunard Line 305

Teutonic (1889) White Star Line 289

Titanic (1911) White Star Line 312

Vaterland (1914) Hamburg-American Line 315

Victorian (1904) Allan Line 306

Vulcania (1928) Cosulich Line 324

Washington (1863) French Line . 274

Washington (1933) United States Lines 330

270

271

272

273

1

274

a o>

N

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275

276

II

277

THE "OCEANIC" (1870) By courtesy of the White Star Line

THE "CiTY OF RICHMOND" (1873) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

278

THE "BRITANNIC" (1874) PA0/0, Nautical Photo Agency

THE "CiTY OF BERLIN" (1875) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

279

280

281

282

283

THE "ELBE" (1881)

Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

i,jfe

THE "CiTY OF CHICAGO" (1883) Pfcoto, Nautical Photo Agency

284

THE "ETRURIA" (1884)

Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

THE "AURANIA" (1883)

Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

285

286

THE "LA CHAMPAGNE" (1885) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

THE "PREUSSEIS" (1886) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

288

THE "SAALE" (1886)

Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

THE "TEUTONIC" (1889) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

289

THE "NEW YORK" (1888) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

THE "FRIESLAND" (1889) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

290

THE "AuousTE VICTOBIA" (1888) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency
(As altered)

i^IJtts3S^AU--

THE "L' AQUITANINE" (1890) P/io/o, Nautical Photo Agency

291

292

I S

293

m

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294

295

* I

299

THE "OCEANIC" (1899)

Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

THE "KIAUTSCHOU" (1900) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

300

THE "CANOPic"(1900) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

THE "BAVARIAN" (1900) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

301

302

303

I

THE "CARPATHIA" (1903)

Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

THE "BALTIC" (1904)

Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

304

""^^IPWBPP^SP

THE "SLAVONIA" (1903)

Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

THE "CALEDONIA" (19Q4) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

305

THE "MARLOCH" (1904)
(ex- Victorian)

Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

THE "PRINZ EITEL FRIEDRICH" (1904) Nautical Photo Agency

306

THE "AMERIKA" (1905)

Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

THE "CARONIA" (1905) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

307

308

309

•pL.fi-iJfr f-ijLiaJliiiiiMdii .

THE "LUSITANIA" (1907) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

THE "PRINCIPE DI UDINE" (1908) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

310

THE "PRESIDENT GRANT" (1907) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

ii

THE "MEGANTIC" (1909) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

311

312

313

i

314

THE "AQUITANIA" (1914) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

(Shown as a hospital ship during World War I)

THE "ANDANIA" (1913) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

316

THE "MINNEDOSA" (1918) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

m m

THE "MAJESTIC" (1921)

By courtesy of White Star Line

317

U:t;^-Jfc

THE "SCYTHIA" (1920) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

THE "DEUTSCHLAND" (1923) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

(Before alterations)

318

THE "CRISTABAL COLON" (1923) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

THE "CALIFORNIA" (1923) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

319

320

THE "GENERAL VON STEUBEN" (1923) By courtesy of the

North German Lloyd

THE "Dfi GRASSE" (1924) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

322

THE "CALEDONIA" (1925)

Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

THE "BERLIN" (1925) By courtesy of the North German Lloyd

323

THE "KUNGSHOLM" (1928)

. JBBBB

Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

THE "VULCANIA" (1928) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

324

THE "BREMEN" (1929) By courtesy of the North German Lloyd

L

THE "GEORGIC" (1932) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

325

I

IM .1

I

326

I

I

327

328

329

THE "WASHINGTON" (1932) Photo, Nautical Photo Agency

THE "PILSUDSKI" (1935) P/wfo, Nautical Photo Agency

330

THE "NORMANDIE" (1933) P/ioto, Nautical Photo Agency

THE "NORMANDIE" (1933) By courtesy of the French Line

(While under construction)

331

fill/

i

.-I

332

333

334

INDEX

Aachen (1895) 35, 221

Abbassick (1889) 168

Abyssinia (1870) 35, 38, 201

Acadia (1840) 3, 35, 54, 71, 200

Acropolis (1890) 35, 127

Adriatic (1857) 35, 199

Adriatic (1872) 7, 36, 64, 228

Adriatic (1906) 36, 49, 229, 232, 258

Aeolus (1899) 96

Afric (1899) 229, 243

Africa (1850) 36, 200

Agamemnon (1903) 22, 107, 255

Aisne (1920) 40

Akaroa (1914) 242

Alabama (1873) 170

Alaska (1881) 10, 36, 209, 254

Alaunia (1913) 36, 42, 202, 248

Alaunia (1925) 36, 45, 48, 202, 203, 249

Albania (1900) 201

Albania (1920) 36, 202, 248

Albano (1886) 211

Albert Ballin (1923) 37, 78, 97, 99, 212,

234, 259

Alberta (1909) 116
Albertic (1923) 37, 134, 141, 230, 237
Alcantara (1913) 240
Alcantara (1926) 235. 261
Aleppo (1865) 201
Alesia (1882) 205
Alesia (1906) 37, 108, 132, 206
Alexander (1897) 37, 126, 180
Alfonso XII (1890) 37, 99, 126, 226
Alfonso XIII (1888) 37, 156, 226
Alfonso XIII (1891) 37, 139, 179, 226
Alfonso XIII (1923) 38, 97, 226
Algeria (1870) 35, 38, 146, 201
Algeria (1891) 38, 193
Algeria (1914) 38, 194
Alice (1907) 38, 45, 116, 195
Allemania (1865) 38, 210
Aller (1886) 11, 38, 161, 177, 221
Almanzora (1914) 239
Almeda Star (1926) 239
Alsatia (1876) 193
Alsatian (1913) 38, 58, 83, 192, 239
Alvares Cabral (1889) 168
Amazon (1906) 250
Amboise (1905) 91
America (1848) 39, 60, 85, 136, 200
America (1863) 39, 98, 140, 220
America (1881) 39, 205
America (1884) 12, 39, 218
America (1890) 125
America (1905) 39, 41, 228, 233, 258
America (1908) 39, 219
America (1940) 39, 228, 233, 260
American Banker (1920) 40
American Farmer (1920) 40
American Importer (1920) 40

American Legion (1920) 250

American Merchant (1920) 40

American Shipper (1920) 40

American Trader (1920) 41

American Traveler (1920) 41

Amerika (1872) 41, 64, 225

Amerika (1905) 39, 41, 212, 233, 258

Amerique (1864) 41, 103, 206

Ammiraglio Bettolo (1921) 135

Amphion (1899) 108

Amsterdam (1879) 42, 213

Anchoria (1874) 42, 193

Ancona (1908) 42, 174, 180, 219

Anlalucia Star (1927) 238

Andania (1913) 36, 42, 202, 248

Andania (1922) 36, 42, 48, 202,203,248

Andes (1913) 239

Andes (1939) 234, 265

Andre Lebon (1913) 251

Anglo-Saxon (1856) 42, 191

Antigone (1901) 135

Antonia (1921) 42, 48, 202, 203, 249

Antonia Lopez (1891) 43, 226

Aorangi (1924) 238

Aquila (1926) 158, 260

Aquitania (1914) 43, 202, 203, 231, 255

Arabia (1852) 43, 200

Arabic (1881) 43, 170, 228

Arabic (1903) 43, 128, 229, 237

Arabic (1908) 43, 51, 229, 237

Arafura (1903) 174

Aragon (1905) 250

Araguaya (1906) 250

Aramis (1922) 245

Aramis (1932) 245

Arandora Star (1927) 251

Arawa (1907) 109

Arawa (1922) 246

Arcadian (1908) 248

Archimede (1881) 43, 181r 183, 218

Arconia (1897) 104

Arctic (1849) 4, 5, 44, 47, 48, 143, 199

Argentina (1905) 44, 53, 216

Argentina (1900 44, 195, 200

Argentina (1913) 44, 156, 226

Argentina (1929) 238

Argentina Maru (1939) 250

Arizona (1873) 67

Arizona (1879) 9, 10, 44, 209

Arlanza (1912) 239

Armadale Castle (1903) 240

Armenia (1896) 211

Armenian (1895) 45

Arundel Castle (1894) 51, 129

Arundel Castle (1921) 233, 256, 260

Asahi Maru (1914) 76

Asama Maru (1929) 241

Ascania (1911) 45, 94, 202

Ascania (1925) 36, 45, 48, 202, 203, 249

335

Asia (1850) 36, 45, 200

Asia (1907) 38, 45, 206

Asiatic (1881) 43

Assyria (1908) 45, 1F6, 194

Assyrian (1880) 45, 191

Assyrian Monarch (1880) 45

Astoria (1884) 46, 74, 193

Asturias (1908) 248

Asturias (1925) 235, 261

Athenia (1904) 46, 205

Athenia (1923) 46, 117, 205, 247

Athenic (1901) 254

Athinai (1908) 46, 209

Athlone Castle (1936) 232, 265

Athos II (1925) 240

Atlanta (1891) 48, 178

Atlanta (1908) 46, 195, 198

Atlantian (1899) 46

Atlantic (1849) 4, 44, 46, 48, 143, 199

Atlantic (1870) 47, 49, 140, 156, 228

Atlantica (1868) 173, 185

Atlantis (1913) 239

Atlas (1860) 201

Audacious (1913) 50

Auguste Victoria (1888) 15, 47, 72, 91,

211
Augustus (1927) 47, 158, 216, 219, 233,

260

Aurania (1883) 11,47,201
Aurania (1915) 47, 202
Aurania (1924) 36, 45, 48, 202, 249
Ausonia (1909) 48, 176, 202
Ausonia (1921) 42, 48, 202, 203, 249
Australasian (1857) 57
Australia (1870) 48, 193
Austria (1857) 48, 210
Avila Star (1927) 243
Avoca (1891) 48, 178
Avon (1907i 248
Awatea (1936) 247

Ballarat (1911) 254

Ballarat (1921) 249

Balmoral Castle (1910) 240

Baloeran (1930) 243

Balranald (1922) 249

Baltic (1849) 4, 47, 48, 143. 199

Baltic (1873) 7, 47, 49, 156, 140, 180.

228

Baltic (1904) 49, 88, 229, 232. 258
Baltimore (1868) 49. 51, 220
Banibra (1903) 153
Banfora (1914) 49, 206
Baradine (1921) 249
Barbarossa (1896) 49, 221, 247
Barrabool (1922) 249
Batavia (1870) 49, 201
Batavia (1899) 49,211
Batory (1936) 49, 148, 210
B uidouinville (1939) 251
Baumwall (1890) 211
Bavarian (1856) 210

Bavarian (1900) 50, 177, 192, 252

Bayern (1886) 161, 221

Belgenland (1878) 50, 224

Belgenland (1917) 50, 224, 233, 257

Belgian (1855) 98

Belgic (1903) 229

Belgic (1917) 50, 229, 257

Belgravia (1882) 193

Beltana (1913) 254

Belvedere (1913) 50, 195, 200, 215

Benalla (1913) 254

Bendigo (1922) 249

Benicarlo (1854) 66

Berengaria (1912) 50, 103, 202, 203.

231,257

Bergensfjord (1913) 50, 109, 224, 250
Berlin (1868) 51, 220
Berlin (1874) 51,67, 192
Berlin (1908) 43, 51, 223, 237
Berlin (1925) 50, 223, 244
Bermuda (1927) 247
Berrima (1913) 254
Bezzm-y-Alem (1889) 79
Birma (1894) 51, 129
Birmania (1882) 51, 219
Bismarck (1921) 51, 103, 121, 212, 231,

257

Bleucher (1901) 52, 117, 130, 174, 212,247
Boadicea (1898) 52,123, 194
Bohemia (1881) 211
Bohemian (1858) 191
Bohemian (1900) 52
Boissevain (1937) 245
Bolivia (1873) 52, 193
Bologna (1905) 52, 216
Bonn (1895) 52, 221
Bordo (1914) 254
Borussia (1855) 52, 98, 210
Bosnia (1899) 211
Bothnia (1874) 52, 167,201
Bovic (1892) 229
Brabantia (1920) 157
Braga (1907) 53. 86, 116. 206
Brandenburg (1901) 53, 54, 222
Branksome Hall (1875) 144
Brasile (1905) 44, 53, 216
Brasilia (1897) 138
Braunschweig (1873) 53, 220
Brazil (1938) 238
Brazil Maru (1939) 250
Bremen (1858) 53, 101, 136, 184, 220
Bremen (1896) 53, 73, 108, 221, 243
Bremen (1900) 53, 107, 149, 153, 222
Bremen (1929) 24, 26, 27, 53, 86, 223,

231 259

Breslau '(1901) 53, 54, 222
Bretagne (1922) 54, 208
Bridgeport (1901) 54
Britania (1902) 54, 93, 205
Britannia (1840) 3, 35, 54, 57, 71, 200
Britannia (1863) 54, 193
Britannia (1881) 54, 205

336

Britannia (1926) 194
Britannic (1874) 8, 9, 55, 93, 228
Britannic (1914) 55, 229, 231, 255
Britannic (1930) 55, 93, 203, 230, 232,

260

British Crown (1879) 42
British Empire (1878) 81
British Empire (1886) 55, 159
British Empire (1902) 55, 56, 60, 88
British King (1881) 55, 56, 183
British Prince (1899) 55, 134, 163
British Princess (1882) 56
British Princess (1899) 144
British Queen (1881) 56, 55, 139
Briton (1897) 246
Brooklyn (1869) 56, 67, 205
Bruton (1899) 168
Buenos Aires (1887) 56, 226
Buenos Ayrean (1879) 56, 191
Buffalo (1885) 56
Bulgaria (1898) 49, 56, 60, 211
Bulow (1906) 56, 222
Burdigala (1898) 106
Burgundia (1882) 57, 205
Byron (1901) 119
Byron (1914) 57, 120, 179, 209

C. F. Tietgen (1897) 57, 81, 159, 225

C. Lopez Y. Lopez (1891) 57, 226

Cairo (1908) 160

Calabria (1857) 57, 201

Calabria (1901) 57, 193

Caldera (1868) 206

Caledonia (1840) 3, 35, 54, 57, 71, 200

Caledonia (1863) 54

Caledonia (1904) 58, 193, 254

Caledonia (1921) 52, 257

Caledonia (1925) 58, 167, 177, 194, 242

Caledonia (1947) 194

Calgarian (1913) 38, 58, 192, 239

Calgaric (1918) 58, 142, 230, 243

California (1863) 58, 193

California (1872) 58, 180, 193

California (1907) 58, 194

California (1920) 36, 248

California (1923) 59, 177, 194, 242

California (1928) 239

Calif ornian (1891) 170

Californian (1902) 59

Californie (1905) 207

Cambrai (1920) 59

Cambria (1845) 59, 100, 200

Cambroman (1892) 59, 204

Cameronia (1910) 59, 194, 250

Cameronia (1920) 59, 115, 194, 242

Campana (1929) 251

Campanello (1902) 55, 60, 88

Campania (1893) 17, 18, 59, 119,201,

237, 263

Campania (1902) 55, 60, 88
Canada (1848) 39, 60, 85, 136, 200
Canada (1863) 60, 146, 218

Canada (1865) 60, 144, 206

Canada (1896) 60, 204, 229, 254

Canada (1898) 49, 56, 60

Canada (1911) 61, 206

Canadian (1854) 61, 103, 191

Canadian (1860) 61, 191

Canadian (1900) 61

Canopic (1900) 61, 73, 229, 239

Cantigny (1920) 40

Canton (1939) 245

Cap Arcona (1927) 234, 257

Cap Finisterre (1911) 241

Cap Polonia (1914) 235, 258

Cap Trafalgar (1913) 62, 235, 258

Capetown Castle (1938) 232, 265

Caramanie (1874) 143

Caribia (1932) 61, 74, 102, 213

Carinthia (1895) 61, 174, 201

Carinthia 1925) 62, 89, 202, 203, 236,

266

Carmania (1905) 62, 202, 234, 261
Carnarvon Castle (L926) 233, 235, 261,

265

Carolina (1905) 62, 195, 198
Caroline (1908) 207
Caronia (1905) 62, 89, 202, 234, 261
Carpathia (1903) 62, 202
Carthage (1910) 175, 207
Carthage (1931) 248
Carthaginian (1884) 63, 191
Caserta (1904) 63, 126, 219
Caspian (1870) 63, 191
Cassandra (1906) 63, 205
Cassel (1901) 63, 65, 222
Castalia (1906) 193
Castilian (1898) 63, 191
Catalonia (1881) 63, 201
Cataluna (1883) 63, 226
Cathay (1925) 248
Catlin (1908) 92, 258
Cedric (1903) 63, 64, 229, 233, 258
Celtic (1872) 36, 41, 64, 228
Celtic (1901) 63, 64, 229, 232, 258
Cephalonia (1882) 64, 146, 201
Ceramic (1913) 229, 233, 263
Cesare Battisti (1920) 64
Cestrian (1896) 64
Cevic (1893) 64, 229
Champlain (1932) 64, 208, 236, 266
Champollion (1924) 246
Charles Roux (1908) 207
Chateau Yquem (1883) 65, 205
Chemnitz (1901) 63, 65, 222
Chenonceaux (1922) 245
Chester (1873) 65, 67, 192
Chicago (1866) 209
Chicago (1908) 65, 207, 251
Chichibu Maru (1930) 241
China (1861) 65,201
China (1896) 253
Chitral (1925) 247
Chiyo Maru (1908) 241

337

Christian Huygens (1928) 242

Christiania (1890) 211

Chrobry (1939) 65, 169, 210

Cilicia (1937) 194

Cimbria (1867) 65, 210

Cincinnati (1908) 65, 70, 212, 238

Circassia (1878) 66, 193

Circassia (1903) 66, 193

Circassia (1937) 194

Circassian (1872) 66, 191

Citta di Geneva (1882) 66, 216

Citta di Geneva (1903) 94, 219

Citta di Messina (1894) 216

Citta di Milano (1897) 66, 216

Citta di Napoli (1871) 66, 156, 216

Citta di Napoli (1883) 182

Citta di Torino (1898) 66, 216

City of Antwerp (1867) 66, 215

City of Athens (1920) 40

City of Baltimore (1854) 66, 214

City of Berlin (1875) 8, 51, 67, 215

City of Boston (1864) 67, 214

City of Bristol (1860) 214

City of Brooklyn (1869) 56, 67, 215

City of Brussels (1869) 6, 7, 8, 67, 215

City of Chester (1873) 65, 67. 70, 215

City of Chicago (1883) 68, 178, 215

City of Glasgow (1850) 68, 214

City of Honolulu (1900) 108, 150, 151,

153, 247

City of Limerick (1863) 214
City of Lincoln (1866) 122, 215
City of London (1~863) 68, 214
City of Los Angeles (1899) 96, 241
City of Manchester (1851) 68, 214
City of Montreal (1872) 68, 215
City of New York (1861) 68, 214
City of New York (1865) 68, 138, 215
City of New York (1888) 13, 14, 69,

136, 215, 246

City of Paris (1866) 69, 215
City of Paris (1889) 13, 14, 60, 144,

148, 215, 247

City of Philadelphia (1853) 70, 214
City of Pitteburg (1851) 214
City of Richmond (1873) 67, 70, 215
City of Rome (1881) 13, 70, 193, 215,

241

City of Vienna (1890) 175
City of Washington (1853) 70, 214
Ciudad Condal (1872) 225
Ciudad de Cadiz (1878) 225
Cleveland (1908) 66, 70, 130, 212, 238
Coalgaconder (1848) 39
Coamo (1891) 171
Coblenz (1923) 70, 223
Coburg (1908) 71, 82, 222
Colombie (1931) 71, 208
Colombo (1917) 71, 163, 215, 219, 249
Colon (1884) 226
Colonial (1908) 45, 186
Colorado (1867) 71, 209

ColumbeUa (19.01) 72

Columbia (1840) 3, 35, 54, 57, 71, 200

Columbia (1866) 71, 193

Columbia (1889) 15, 47, 71, 91, 138, 211

Columbia (1901) 72, 133, 193

Columbia (1908) 72, 195, 200

Columbia (1917) 50, 257

Columbus (1900) 72, 156, 204

Columbus (1914) 72, 101, 223, 232, 25S

Columbus (1922) 72, 223, 232

Commonwealth (1900) 61, 73, 204

Comorin (1925) 248

Constantinople (1896) 53, 73, 108, 209

Conte Biancamano (1925) 73, 215, 217,

235, 262
Conte Grande (1927) 73, 216, 217,

235, 262

Conte Rosso (1922) 73, 74, 217, 240
Conte di Savoia (1932) 28, 29, 73, 216,

217, 231, 259

Conte Verde (1923) 73, 74, 217, 240
Coptic (1881) 74, 228
Corcovado (1907) 74, 96, 186, 212
Cordillera (1932) 61, 74, 213
Corfu (1931) 248
Corinthian (1899) 74, 168, 192
Corinthic (1902) 229
Corse (1908) 136
Corsican (1907) 74, 95, 100, 124, 192,

254

Covadonga (1884) 46, 74, 226
Covington (1908) 65
Crathie 82

Crefeld (1895) 35, 75, 221
Crefeld (1922) 223
Cretic (1902) 75, 125, 229, 238
Cristobal Colon (1866) 75, 128, 225
Cristobal Colon (1923) 38, 75, 226
Cromartyshire 14, 110
Cuba (1865) 75, 105
Cuba (1923) 75, 201, 208
Cufic (1888) 75, 160, 229
Curacoa 32

Cymric (1898) 75, 229, 238
Czar (1912) 76, 85, 154
Czaritza (1915) 76, 109, 118

D'Artagnan (1924) 245

Dakota (1872) 76, 209

Dakota (1904) 235, 263

Dalmatia (1892) 193

Dania (1889) 76, 132, 211

Danmark (1867) 76

Dante Alighieri (1914) 76

Darmstadt (1890) 76, 93, 107, 141,

173, 221

Darro (1912) 253
De Balboa (1891) 139
De Grasse (1924) 77, 208, 242
De Kalb (1904) 133, 153
De La Salle (1924) 77, 169, 208
Delaware (1865) 69

338

Delphic (1897) 77, 229

Demerara (1872) 77, 201

Demerara (1912) 253

Demosthenes (1911) 253

Dempo (1930) 242

Denmark (1865) 77, 89, 218

Der Deutsche (1924) 223

Derfflinger (1907) 77, 119, 186, 222

Deseado (1912) 253

Desna (1912) 253

Deutschland (1858) 77

Deutschland (1866) 78, 220

Deutschland (1899) 15, 18, 19, 78, 98,

181,212,233,256

Deutschland (1923)37,78, 97, 99, 212, 234
Devonia (1877) 87, 193
Devonian (1900) 78, 185, 242
Dniester (1887) 113
Dominion (1874) 78, 204
Dominion (1894) 79, 128, 154, 204
Dominion Monarch (1939) 233, 260
Don (1890) 91, 163
Don Alvado de Bason (1878) 226
Donau (1868) 79, 140, 220
Dora (1904) 195
Dora (1913) 196
Doric (1923) 79, 203, 230, 239
Dresden (1889) 79, 134, 221
Dresden (1914) 79,243
Drina (1913) 254

Drottningholm (1905) 254, 79, 181, 227
Dublin Castle (1877) 164
Due d' Aumale (1912) 208
Due de Bragance (1889) 207
Duca d' Aosta (1908) 80, 219
Duca Degli Abruzzi (1907) 80, 152, 219
Duca di GaUiera (1883) 80, 81, 216
Duca di Genova (1907) 80, 219
Duchess of Athol (1928) 80, 81, 199, 238
Duchess of Bedford (1928) 80, 81, 84,

199, 238
Duchess of Richmond (1928) 80, 81, 84,

199, 238

Duchess of York (1929) 80, 81, 199, 238
Duchessa di Genoa (1884) 81, 216
Duilio (1923) 81, 94, 215, 219, 236, 262
Dunnottar Castle (1936) 245
Dunolly Castle (1897) 104
Dunvegan Castle (1936) 245
Durban Castle (1939) 239
Dwinsk (1897) 57, 81, 159

Edam (1878) 81,213

Edam (1921) 81, 116, 120, 170, 214

Edinburgh Castle (1910) 240

Edison (1896) 81, 109, 209, 248

Edmund B. Alexander (1905) 39, 41, 258

Edward Rutledge (1931) 87

Egypt (1871) 82, 170, 218

Eider (1884) 11, 82, 84, 221

Eisenach (1908) 71, 82, 222

Elbe (1881) 82, 220

Elysia (1873) 193

Elysia (1908) 194

Empire Brent (1925) 117
Empire Fowey (1936) 265
Empire Penryn (1912) 154
Empire Waveney (1929) 127
Empire Welland (1938) 145
Empress of Asia (1913) 198, 240
Empress of Australia (1914) 82, 176,

198, 237
Empress of Britain (1906) 82, 84, 198.

244
Empress of Britian (1931) 83, 199, 232,

257
Empress of Canada (1922) 83, 199, 235,

258

Empress of Canada (1928) 83, 199, 238
Empress of China (1889) 197
Empress of France (1913) 38, 83, 198,

239

Empress of India (1889) 197
Empress of India (1908) 83, 131, 153,

198

Empress of India (1928) 84, 198, 238
Empress of Ireland (1906) 83, 84, 198,

244

Empress of Japan (1890) 197
Empress of Japan (1930) 199, 234, 257
Empress of Russia (1913) 240
Empress of Scotland (1905) 84, 107,

198, 258
Empress of Scotland (1930) 199, 233,

234, 251

Ems (1884) 11, 82, 84, 115, 221
England (1865) 84, 89, 154, 218
Entella (1883) 219
Equita (1885) 205
Erin (1864) 84, 218
Ernst Moritz Arndt (1872) 97
Erny (1904) 195
Erny (1913) 196

Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand (1899) 85
Espagne (1909) 85, 207, 245
Espana No. 4 (1895) 75
Esperance Bay (1922) 246
Estonia (1889) 85, 186
Estonia (1912) 76, 85, 154
Ethiopia (1873) 85, 193
Etruria (1884) 11, 12, 14, 23, 85, 178,

201, 252

Eugenia (1906) 85, 195
Euripides (1914) 242
Europa (1847) 39, 60, 85, 136, 200
Europa (1907) 53, 86, 116, 206, 216
Europa (1930) 26, 27, 54, 86, 118, 223,

231, 259

Europe (1864) 86, 206
Europe (1891) 129
European (1866) 86, 191
Evangeline (1900) 86, 119
Excalibur (1930) 87
Excambion (1931) 87
Exeter (1931) 87
Exochorde (1931) 87
Experance Bay (1922) 246

339

Felix Roussel (1930) 239

Ferdinand de Lesseps (1875) 87, 207

Ferdinando Palasciano (1899) 108

Figuig (1903) 207

Finland (1902) 87, 110, 179, 224, 241

Fivaller (1854) 66

Flandre (1914) 88, 208

Flandria (1922) 54

Flavia (1902) 55, 60, 88, 202

Florida (1903) 174

Florida (1905) 88, 103, 119, 156, 181,

217

Florida (1926) 251
Floride (1907) 207
Folia (1907) 88, 151, 152, 202
Forfar (1922) 132
Formigny 79
France (1867) 89, 218
France (1912) 89, 208, 232, 256
Francesca (1905) 62, 89, 195, 198
Francesco Crispi (1866) 71
Francis Y. Slanger (1927) 165
Franconia (1873) 141
Franconia (1911) 89, 112, 202, 237, 263
Franconia (1923) 62, 89, 202, 203, 236,

266

Frankfurt (1869) 89, 220
Frankfurt (1899) 90, 108, 222
Franklin (1848) 90
Frederik VIII (1913) 90, 225, 247
Freedom (1894) 185
Friedrich der Grosse (1896) 90, 109,

221, 248

Friedrichsruh (1905) 91
Friesland (1889) 90, 224
Frisia (1872) 90, 210
Fulda (1882) 10, 11, 90, 142, 183, 221
Fulda (1924) 90, 184, 223
Furnessia (1880) 88, 91, 193
Furst Bismarck (1905) 91, 163, 212
Furst Bismark (1890) 15, 47, 72, 91,

211, 252

Fushimi Maru (1914) 250
Fuso Maru (1908) 115

Gaa (1890) 91, 163

Gallia (1878) 11, 91, 196, 201

Gallia (1883) 205

Gallia (1913) 239

Gandia (1907) 109

Gange (1912) 106, 151

Garbi (1879) 115

Garibaldi (1906) 91, 181

Geiser (1881) 91

Gellert (1874) 91,211

Gelria (1913) 245

General Artigas (1923) 92, 185, 212

General Chanzy (1891) 207

General Duchesne (1903) 166

General Mitre (1921) 212

General Osorio (1929) 92, 213

General San Martin (1922) 92, 175, 212

General Von Steuben (1922) 92, 134
172, 223, 247

General W. C. Gorgas (1902) 153

General Werder (1874) 220

George Washington (1908) 92, 228, 232,
258

Georges Philippar (1930) 245

Georgia (1873) 171

Georgia (1908) 72, 92, 195, 200, 223

Georgic (1895) 93, 229, 241

Georgic (1932) 55, 93, 230, 232, 260

Gera (1890) 76, 93, 107, 141, 173 221

Gerania (1909) 93

German (1877) 167

Germania (1840) 35

Germania (1903) 54, 93, 205

Germanic (1874) 8, 55, 93, 97, 143, 228

Gerolstein (1904) 93, 197

Gerona (1911) 45, 94

Gerty (1903) 94, 195, 199

Giulia (1904) 94, 195, 199

Giulio Cesare (1920) 81, 94, 215, 219
236, 262

Giuseppe Verdi (1915) 94

Gneisenau (1903) 94, 159, 166, 222, 265

Gneisenau (1935) 223, 235

Goeben (1906) 94, 108, 159, 222

Golden Fleece (1875) 114

Gothic (1893) 94, 95, 229

Gothland (1893) 94, 95, 224

Gradisca (1913) 245

Graf Bismarck (1871) 95, 220

Graf Waldersee (1898) 95, 145, 151,

211, 240

Grampian (1907) 74, 95, 151
Grant (1892) 130
Great Britain (1843) 95
Great Canton (1890) 35, 127
Great Eastern (1858) 5, 95, 140, 233
Great Northern (1915) 251
Great Western (1838) 96
Greater Buffalo (1923) 249
Greater Detroit (1923) 249
Grecian Monarch (1882) 96, 149
Greece (1863) 96, 218
Gregory Morch (1889) 134
Gripsholm (1925) 96, 227, 242
Grosser Kurfurst (1899) 96, 222, 241
Guadeloupe (1906) 96, 207
Guadeloupe (1908) 65, 251
Guglielmo Pierce (1907) 74, 96
Gulcemal (1874) 8, 93, 96, 143

H. F. Alexander (1915) 251

H. H. Meier (1892) 97, 122, 221

Habana (1872) 97,225

Habana (1923) 38, 97, 226

Habsburg (1875) 97, 162, 220

Hailar (1882^ 64

Haiti (1913) 97, 123, 154, 208

Halle (1895) 221

Hamburg (1899) 97, 101, 108, 150, 211

340

Hamburg (1926) 97, 136, 213, 234, 262

Hamilton (1868) 135

Hammonia (1855) 52, 98, 210

Hammonia (1867) 98, 210

Hammonia (1882) 98,211

Hancock 9

Hannover (1869) 98, 220

Hannover (1899) 98, 222

Hanoverian (1902) 75, 125

Hansa (1861) 98, 220

Hansa (1899) 78, 98, 181, 212, 256

Hansa (1923) 37, 98, 213, 234, 259

Harrisburg (1889) 69

Harry Lee (1931) 87

Harvard (1888) 69

Havel (1890) 37, 99, 126, 170, 221

Haverford (1901) 99, 126, 192, 246

Hawke 141

Hecla (1860) 201

Heian Maru (1930) 251

Hekla (1884) 99, 225

Helius (1889) 79, 160

Hellig Olav (1902) 99, 143, 178, 225, 253

Helvetia (1864) 99, 218

Herder (1873) 91, 99, 211

Hercules (1899) 49, 56, 60

Hermann (1847) 99, 182

Hermann (1865) 100, 220

Hermann (1881) 100, 220

Hermitage (1925) 73, 262

Hesperia (1882) 193

Hesperian (1908) 74, 95, 100, 192

Hibernia (1843) 3, 4, 59, 100, 200

Hibernia (1865) 100, 193

Hibernian (1861) 100, 138, 191

Highflyer (1897) 106

Highland Brigade (1923) 248

Highland Chieftain (1929) 248

Highland Hope (1929) 248

Highland Monarch (1928) 248

Highland Patriot (1932) 248

Highland Princess (1930) 248

Hittfeld (1897) 104

Hiye Maru (1930) 251

Hobson Bay (1922) 246

Hohenstaufen (1874) 100, 220

Hohenzolern (1889) 101, 106, 221

Holland (1858) 101, 118, 218

Holsatia (1868) 101, 210, 212

Homeric (1914) 12, 101, 203, 229, 232,

259

Hudson (1858) 53, 101, 184, 220
Hudson (1899) 97, 101, *50
Hudson (1904) 101, 207
Hungarian (1858) 101, 191
Huntegreen (1907) 77
Huron (1896) 90
Husimi Maru (1914) 250
Huso Maru (1908) 115, 159

Iberia (1928) 102, 121, 213
Iberian (1867) 102

Iberian (1900) 102

Ida (1906) 102, 195

Idaho (1869) 102, 209

He de France (1926) 102, 208, 213, 257

Iljitsch (1933) 61, 102

Illinois (1873) 103, 140, 146, 192

Ilsenstein (1904) 103, 197

Imperator (1912) 50, 103, 212, 231, 257

Imperatrice Eugenie (1864) 41, 103,

183, 206

Indian (1855) 61, 103, 191
Indiana (1873) 103, 140, 146, 192
Indiana (1905) 103, 119, 181, 217
Infanta Isabel de Borbon (1913) ,104,

156, 226

Iniziativa (1881) 219
Insulinde (1914) 49
loannina (1897) 104, 209
Ionian (1901) 104, 192
Ionic (1902) 229, 254
Iowa (1864) 193
Irene (1905) 104, 181, 195
Irishman (1899) 104, 204
Iroquois (1894) 185
Isla de Cuba (1888) 117
Isla de Mindanao (1881) 226
Isla de Panay (1882) 104, 226
Island (1882) 104, 225
Isnir (1874) 171
Italia (1889) 211
Italia (1903) 104, 193
Italia (1905) 105, 216
Italy (1868) 105, 218
Iver Heath (1901) 114
Ivernia (1900) 105, 165, 201, 238

J. L. Luckenback (1886) 161

Java (1865) 105, 201

Jehangir (1890) 117

Jelunga (1890) 48, 117, 164

Jerousalim (1901) 118

Jervis Bay (1922) 246

Johan de Witt (1920) 252

-lohan Van Oldenbarnevelt (1930) 238

Johann Heinrich Burchardt (1920) 156

John Ericsson (1928) 105, 110, 237, 263

John Penn (1931) 87

Joseph Hewes (1930) 87

Joseph T. Dickman (1922) 151

Joszef P. Pilsudski (1894) 51, 129

Juan Sebastian Elcano (1928) 105, 121,

123, 226

Juliette (1897) 104
Justicia (1917) 105, 172, 229, 232, 257

Kaiser Franz Josef I (1912) 106, 151,

195

Kaiser Friedrich (1898) 106, 222
Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse (1897) 17,

18, 106, 107, 109, 222, 235, 256
Kaiser Wilhelm II (1889) 101, 106, 109,

221

341

Kaiser Wilhelm II (1903) 19, 22, 106,

109, 222, 232, 255
Kaiserin Auguste Victoria (1905) 84,

107, 212, 233, 258

Kaiserin Maria Theresa (1890) 107,

170,221,246

Kamakura Maru (1930) 241
Karadeniz (1890) 76
Karlesruhe (1889) 76, 93, 107, 141,

173, 221
Karlesruhe (1900) 53, 107, 149, 153,

222, 247

Kashima Maru (1913) 252
Kasuga Maru (1940) 241
Kate Dyer 167
Katori Maru (1913) 254
Kedar (1860) 201
Kenilworth Castle (1904) 240
Kensington (1894) 107, 169, 192
Kerlew (1906) 181
Kiautschou (1900) 108, 150, 151, 153,

212

Kigoma (1914) 38
Kildonan Castle (1899) 246
Kilpatrick (1890) 35, 126
Kina (1889) 115
Kinfauns Castle (1899) 246
King Alexander (1896) 53, 73, 108, 209,

243

Kirby Hall 67
Kleist (1906) 94, 108, 222
Klopstock (1874) 108, 161, 207
Knoxville (1895) 162
Koln (1899) 90, 108, 222
Koln (1921) 223

Konig Albert (1899) 97, 108, 222
Konig Friedrich Auguste (1906) 37,

108, 132, 212

Konig Wilhelm I (1870) 108, 220
Konig Wilhelm II (1907) 109, 122
Konigin Luise (1896) 82, 90, 109, 221,

248

Konigstein (1907) 109, 197
Korea (1901) 242
Korea Maru (1901) 242
Kosciuszko (1915) 76, 109, 118, 210
Kraljica Marija (1906) 250
Kristianafjord (1913) 51, 109, 224, 251
Kronprinz Friedrich Wilhelm (1871)

220
Kronprinz Wilhelm (1901) 19, 20, 21,

22, 96, 107, 109, 235, 256
Kronprinzessin Cecilie (1905) 212
Kronprinzessin Cecilie (1906) 22, 23,

107, 109, 232, 255

Kroonland (1902) 87, 110, 179, 224, 241
Kuban (1888) 15, 47
Kungsholm (1902) 110, 137, 227
Kungsholm (1928) 105, 110, 227, 237,

263
Kursk (1910) 110, 149

L'Aquitaine (1890) 110, 138, 207, 254

L'Atlantique (1931) 232, 257

La Bourdonnais (1904) 110, 166, 207

La Bourgogne (1886) 13, 110, 111, 207

La Bretagne (1886) 13, 110, 111, 207

La Champagne (1885) 13, 110, 111, 207

La France (1865) 111, 206

La Gascogne (1887) 13, 110, 111, 207

La Lorraine (1899) 88, 111, 112, 207,

240

La Navarre (1892) 111, 207
La Normandie (1882) 111, 207
La Provence (1905) 112, 207, 236, 262
La Savoie (1900) 111, 112, 240
La Touraine (1891) 16, 112, 249
Labrador (1865) 112, 139
Labrador (1891) 112, 204
Laconia (1912) 89, 112, 202, 237, 263
Laconia (1922) 112, 162, 167, 202, 203

236, 266

Lafayette (1864) 113, 183, 206
Lafayette (1915) 113, 126, 208
Lafayette (1930) 113, 208, 239
Lafayette (1933) 30, 138, 256
Lahn (1887) 11, 113,221
Lake Champlain (1874) 113, 196
Lake Champlain (1900) 113, 114, 197

198

Lake Erie (1900) 113, 197, 198
Lake Huron (1881) 114, 196
Lake Manitoba (1880) 114, 115, 196
Lake Manitoba (1901) 114, 197, 198
Lake Megantic (1875) 114, 196
Lake Michigan (1901) 114, 197, 198
Lake Nepigon (1875) 114, 196
Lake Ontario (1887) 114, 196
Lake Simcoe (1884) 84, 115, 196
Lake Superio i(1884) 115, 196
Lake Winnipeg (1879) 114, 115, 196
Lamoriciere (1921) 208
Lancashire (1889) 115, 118, 186
Lancastria (1922) 115, 177, 202. 203,

242

Lapland (1908) 115, 224, 236, 259
Latvia (1908) 115, 159, 161
Laura (1907) 38, 53, 86, 116, 195
Laurentian (1872) 116, 149, 191
Laurentic (1909) 116, 125, 229, 243
Laurentic (1927) 116, 203, 230, 239
Lazio (1899) 116, 144, 219
Le Jeune (1936) 244
Leasowe Castle (1917) 179
Leerdam (1921) 81, 116, 120, 170, 214
Leipzig (1869) 116, 220
Leon XIII (1888) 117,226
Leon XIII (1890) 117, 164, 226
Leonardo da Vinci (1925) 117
Leopoldina (1901) 52, 117, 174, 207
Leopoldville (1929) 252
Les Alpes (1882) 56
Lessing (1874) 91, 117, 211
Letimbro (1883) 219

342

Letitia (1912) 117, 165, 205

Letitia (1925) 46, 117, 205, 247

Leviathan (1914) 117, 179, 228, 231,257

Liberte (1930) 27, 86, 118, 208, 231, 259

Liguria (1901) 118, 219

Liguria (1918) 125, 148

Limburgia (1920) 156

Lismore Castle (1891) 57

Lithuania (1915) 76, 109, 118

Lituania (1889) 115, 118

Livonian (1881) 119

Llandovery Castle (1914) 254

Llanstephan Castle (1914) 253

Loch Earn (1866) 181

Logan (1892) 122

Lombardia (1901) 118, 215, 219

Lombardia (1920) 157, 237

Lone Star State (1921) 150

Loudoun Castle (1876) 123

Louisiana (1858) 101, 118, 218

Louisiana (1862) 119, 206

Louisiane (1905) 207

Louisville (1895) 161

Loyalist (1901) 87, 119

Lucania (1893) 17, 60, 88, 119, 201,

237, 263

Ludgate Hill (1881) 119, 191
Luetzow (1908) 77, 119, 186, 222
Luisiana (1906) 103, 119, 181, 217
Lurline (1932) 236, 262
Lusitania (1907) 22, 23, 24, 25, 119,

124, 202, 232, 256
Lutetia (1913) 239
Lydian Monarch (1881) 120

Maasdam (1871) 66, 120, 156, 213, 214

Maasdam (1883) 182

Maasdam (1921) 81, 116, 120, 170

Macedonia (1904) 246

Macedonia (1912) 120, 209

Madawaska (1907) 109

Madison (1886) 161

Madonna (1905) 120, 206

Madrid (1922) 120, 168, 223

Magallanes (1861) 65

Magallanes (1928) 105, 120, 123, 226

Magdalena (1928) 102, 121, 213

Main (1868) 121, 140, 220

Main (1900) 121, 135, 158, 222, 253

Majestic (1890) 16, 121, 175, 229, 240

Majestic (1921) 52, 121, 203, 230, 231

Maloja (1911) 243

Maloja (1923) 236, 262

Malolo (1927) 241

Malwa (1908) 245

Mamari (1904) 93

Manchuria (1904) 237, 264

Manhattan (1866) 121, 209

Manhattan (1932) 122, 183, 228, 233,

260

Manila (1867) 168
Manitoba (1892) 122, 124, 130, 194

Manitoban (1865) 122, 191
Manitou (1898) 122, 180, 194
Manuel Arnus (1923) 122, 226
Manuel Calvo (1892) 97, 122, 226
Mantua (1909) 245
Marathon (1860) 201
Marathon (1903) 252
Marburn (1900) 122, 177, 198, 253
Marco Minghetti (1876) 123, 218
Marco Polo (1912) 106, 151
Marechal Gallieni (1901) 63
Marglen (1898) 123, 166, 172, 198
Maria Christina (1907) 74, 96
Mariette Pacha (1925) 252
Mariposa (1932) 236, 262
Marloch (1904) 123, 181, 198
Marmora (1903) 246
Marne (1920) 41

Marnix Van St. Aldegonde (1930) 238
Marques de Comillas (1928) 105, 121,

123, 226

Marquette (1898) 52,123, 194
Marrakech (1913) 97, 123, 208
Martello (1884) 123
Martha Washington (1908) 123, 195,

200

Martinique (1883) 124, 207
Marvale (1907) 74, 124, 198, 254
Massachusetts (1892) 122, 124, 130, 194
Massilia (1891) 124,205
Massilia (1902) 124, 193
Massilia (1920) 239
Mataroa (1922) 253
Matatua (1904) 103
Matsonia (1927) 241
Matteo Bruzzo (1882) 216
Maunalei (1921) 133
Mauretania (1907) 22, 23, 24, 25, 26,

124, 119, 202, 232, 256
Mauretania (1939) 124, 203, 232, 260
Mayflower (1902) 75, 125, 204
Meade (1875) 67

Mecca (1874) 171

Media (1847) 125, 203

Medic (1899) 229, 243

Medina (1873) 172

Medina (1911) 243

Megali Hellas (1914) 57, 120, 179, 209

Megantic (1909) 116, 125, 229, 243

Meknes (1913) 125, 154, 208

Melita (1918) 125, 127, 198, 249

Memphis (1871) 125

Memphis (1890) 125, 194

Mendoza (1904) 63, 126, 217

Mentana (1868) 173, 185

Menominee (1897) 37, 126, 194

Mercury (1896) 49

Merion (1902) 99, 126, 192, 246

Metagama (1915) 126, 129, 198, 253

Meteoro (1890) 37, 99, 126, 226

Mexico (1876) 126, 225

Mexique (1915) 113, 126, 208, 244

343

Michigan (1887) 126

Michigan (1890) 35, 126, 194

Michigan (1898) 194

Michigan (1899) 104

Miltiades (1903) 252

Milwaukee (1897) 127, 133, 196, 198

Milwaukee (1929) 127, 162, 213

Minneapolis (1901) 127, 128, 129, 194,

236, 264
Minnedosa (1918) 125, 127, 148, 198,

249
Minnehaha (1900) 127, 128, 129, 194,

236, 264

Minnekahda (1917) 127, 195, 235, 263
Minnesota (1866) 75, 128
Minnesota (1901) 128, 195, 240
Minnesota (1904) 235, 263
Minnetonka (1902) 127, 128, 195, 236,

264
Minnetonka (1924) 128, 129, 195, 236,

266

Minnewaska (1894) 128, 194
Minnewaska (1903) 43, 128, 195, 264
Minnewaska (1909) 127, 128, 195, 236,

264
Minnewaska (1923) 128, 129, 195, 236,

266

Missanabie (1914) 129, 198, 253
Mississippi (1848) 60
Mississippi (1871) 129, 204
Mississippi (1903) 129, 162, 195
Missouri 76
Mitau (1894) 51, 129
Mobile (1891) 122, 124, 129, 130, 194
Mobile (1908) 70, 130
Mocambique (1889) 168
Mohawk (1892) 122, 124, 130, 194
Moldavia (1903) 248
Moltke (1901) 52, 130, 148, 212, 247
Monarch of Bermuda (1931) 242
Mongolia (1903) 248
Mongolia (1904) 237, 264
Mongolia (1923) 242
Mongolian (1891) 130, 191
Monowai (1925) 253
Montana (1872) 76, 130, 209
Montcalm (1897) 130, 131, 196, 198
Montcalm (1921) 130, 132, 198, 244
Montclare (1922) 130, 132, 198, 244
Monte Olivia (1924) 254
Monte Pascoal (1930) 253
Monte Rosa (1930) 253
Monte Sarmiento (1924) 253
Monteagle (1899) 131, 197, 198
Monmouth (1898) 196
Monterey (1897) 130, 131, 196, 198
Monterey (1932) 236, 262
Montevideo (1889) 131, 226
Montezeuma (1899) 131, 134, 197, 198
Montfort (1899) 131, 197, 198
Monticello (1903) 22, 73, 107, 255, 262
Montlaurier (1908) 83, 131, 153, 237

Montnairn (1908) 83, 131, 153

Montreal (1900) 132, 197, 198

Montreal (1906) 37, 108, 132, 198

Montrose (1897) 132, 196, 198

Montrose (1922) 130, 132, 198, 244

Montroyal (1906) 83, 132, 198, 244

Montserrat (1889) 76, 132, 226

Mooltan (1905) 248

Mooltan (1923) 236

Moraitis (1907) 132, 175, 209

Moravia (1883) 133, 211

Moravian (1863) 148

Morea (1908) 245

Moreas (1901) 72, 133, 209

Moreton Bay (1921) 246

Mosel (1872) 133, 140, 220

Moskva (1867) 98

Moskva (1890) 91

Mount Carroll (1921) 133

Mount Clay (1904) 133, 153

Mount Clinton (1921) 133

Mount Royal (1898) 127, 133, 197, 198

Mount Temple (1901) 131, 133, 197, 198

Mount Vernon (1906) 23, 109, 255, 260

Mount Vernon (1933) 183

Mount's Bay (1881) 100

Mouzinho (1907) 96

Mo we 93, 134

MuenChen (1922) 92, 134, 172, 173,

223, 247

Munchen (1889) 79, 134, 221
Munchen (1923) 37, 134, 141, 223

Naldera (1918) 238

Nantucket 141

Napoleon III (1866) 134, 181, 206

Napoletano (1873) 67

Napoli (1899) 56, 134, 219

Napoli (1907) 134, 163, 219

Narkunda (1920) 238

Nazario Sauro (1921) 135

Nea Hellas (1922) 135, 177, 194, 242

Nebraska (1867) 135, 209

Neckar (1873) 135, 140, 220

Neckar (1901) 121, 135, 158, 222

Nederland (1873) 135, 179, 224

Neptunia (1932) 200, 216, 241

Nestor (1913) 240

Neustria (1883) 135, 205

Nevada (1868) 135, 209

New England (1898) 136, 159, 166,

204, 244

New Rochelle (1899) 97, 101, 150
New York (1858) 53, 101, 136, 184, 220
New York (1888) 69, 88, 136, 144, 148,

192, 246

New York (1927) 97, 136, 213, 262, 234
Newfoundland (1925) 136, 139, 208
Newfoundland (1947) 208
Niagara (1848) 39, 60, 85, 136, 200
Niagara (1908) 136, 207
Niagara (1913) 247

344

Nieuw Amsterdam (1906) 137, 213, 264
Nieuw Amsterdam (1938) 137, 214, 232,

260

Nieuw Holland (1928) 245
Nieuw Zeeland (1928) 245
Nijni Novgorod (1857) 165
Nitta Maru (1939) 241
Nomadic (1891) 137, 174, 229
Noordam (1902) 110, 137, 149, 213, 243
Noordam (1939) 137, 214
Noordland (1884) 137, 224
Nord America (1882) 137, 216
Norge (1881) 137, 225
Norham Castle (1883) 124
Normandie (1933) 29, 137, 208, 231, 256
Normannia (1890) 15, 47, 72, 91, 110,

138, 211, 254

Norseman (1882) 138, 204
Norseman (1897) 138
North Briton (1858) 138, 191
Northern Pacific (1915) 251
Northland (1901) 128
Norwegian (1861) 100, 138, 191
Norwegian (1865) 138, 191
Netting Hill (1881) 14, 69, 139
Nouveau Monde (1865) 112, 139, 206
Nova Scotia (1926) 136, 139, 208
Nova Scotia (1947) 208
Nova Scotian (1858) 139, 191
Numidian (1891) 139, 191
Nurnberg (1873) 220
Nyassa (1906) 56

Oaxaca (1883) 80

Obdam (1880) 56, 139, 213

Oceana (1891) 37, 139, 179, 211

Oceania (1907) 139, 195

Oceania (1909) 140, 170, 216

Oceania (1933) 200, 216, 241

Oceanic (1870) 7, 47, 49, 140, 156, 228

Oceanic (1899) 140, 229, 232, 259

Oder (1873) 140, 220

Ohio (1869) 140, 220

Ohio (1873) 103, 140, 146, 192

Ohio (1923) 37, 134, 141, 142, 237

Oldenburg (1890) 76, 93, 107, 141, 173,

221

Olinde-Rodrigues (1873) 141,207
Olympia (1871) 141, 193
Olympic (1911) 141, 176, 203, 229,

231, 255

Olympus (1860) 201
Omar (1896) 82, 109, 248
Orama (1912) 242
Orama (1924) 235, 261
Oranje (1939) 236, 266
Orazio (1927) 216, 219
Orbita (1915) 141, 142, 243
Orca (1918) 58, 142, 243
Orcades (1906) 153
Orcades (1937) 234, 266
Orcoma (1908) 251

Orduna (1914) 142, 243

Oregon (1883) 10, 11, 12, 142, 252

(Guion Line)
Oregon (1883) 142, 164, 204

(Dominion Line)
Orel (1890) 142
Orford (1928) 235, 261
Orien (1902) 153
Orinoco (1928) 121,213
Orion (1935) 234, 266
Orione (1883) 143, 209, 219
Ormeda (1913) 243
Ormonde (1917) 238
Ormuz (1914) 79
Oronsay (1925) 235, 261
Orontes (1902) 250
Orontes (1929) 235, 261
Oropesa (1920) 246
Oroya (1923) 247
Oreova (1909) 245
Orvieto (1909) 245

Oscar II (1901) 99, 143, 178, 225, 253
Oslofjord (1938) 143, 224, 240
Osterley (1909) 245
Otranto (1909) 245
Otranto (1925) 235, 261
Otsegb (1902) 152
Ottawa (1874) 93, 97, 143, 204
Otway (1909) 245
Ourcq (1920) 40
Oxenholme (1865) 38

P. Caland (1874) 143, 213

P. de Satrustegui (1890) 143, 226

Pacific (1849) 4, 44, 47, 48, 143, 199

Palatia (1893) 143, 145, 148, 211

Palermo (1899) 116, 144, 219

Palermo (1907) 144, 163, 219

Pallanza (1891) 211

Palmyra (1866) 201

Pan American (1921) 249

Panama (1865) 60, 144, 206

Panama (1875) 144, 225

Panamanian (1904) 264

Pannonia (1904) 144, 202

Paris (1889) 144, 192

Paris (1921) 28, 86, 118, 144, 208,

232, 257

Parisian (1881) 144, 191
Parthia (1870) 145, 201
Pasteur (1939) 233, 265
Patria (1882) 145, 160, 205
Patria (1893) 143, 145, 148, 211
Patria (1913) 145, 154, 206
Patria (1938) 145, 213, 237
Patricia (1899) 95, 145, 151, 211, 241
Patriota (1890) 138
Patris (1909) 145, 200
PaulLecat (1911) 251
Pavonia (1882) 64, 146, 201
Pellerin de Latoche (1913) 208
Peninsular State (1922) 151

345

Pennland (1870) 146, 224

Pennland (1922) 146, 149, 184, 197,

224, 239

Pennsylvania (1863) 146, 218
Pennsylvania (1873) 103, 140, 146, 171,

192
Pennsylvania (1896) 95, 145, 146, 151,

211

Pennsylvania (1929) 238
Pereire (1865) 134, 147, 206
Perou (1907) 96, 147, 207
Perseo (1883) 143, 219
Persia (1856) 5, 147, 200
Persia (1881) 74
Persia (1894) 128, 147, 154, 211
Persia Maru (1881) 74
Persian Monarch (1880) 120, 147
Persic (1899) 229, 243
Perugia (1901) 147, 193
Peruvian (1863) 148, 191
Pesaro (1901) 130, 148, 217
Pfalz (1893) 221
Philadelphia (1889) 69, 136, 144, 148,

192, 247

Phoenicia (1894) 148, 211
Pictavia (1883) 203
Piemonte (1918) 127, 148
Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft (1925) 248
Pieter de Coninck (1881) 137
Pilsudski (1935) 49, 148, 210
Pisa (1896) 148,211
Pittsburg (1888) 136
Pittsburg (1922) 146, 149, 155, 230, 239
Pobeda (1928) 102
Pocahontas (1900) 53, 107, 149, 153
Pocone (1908) 71
Poland (1898) 194
Polonia (1910) 110, 149, 210
Polynesian (1872) 116, 149, 191
Pomeranian (1882) 96, 149, 191
Pommerania (1873) 149, 211
Porthos (1914) 251
Potomac (1901) 135
Potsdam (1900) 137, 149, 173, 213, 244
Potsdam (1935) 223, 236, 265
President (1840) 150
President Adams (1921) 252
President Arthur (1900) 108, 150, 151,

153

President Cleveland (1921) 249
President Coolidge (1931) 235, 262
President Dal Piaz (1929) 208
President Fillmore (1899) 97, 101, 150
President Fillmore (1904) 264
President Garfield (1921) 252
President Grant (1907) 150, 157, 212,

237, 263, 264

President Grant (1921) 249
President Harding (1921) 150, 151, 226,

250
President Harrison (1921) 252

President Hayes (1920) 252
President Hoover (1931) 236, 262
President Jackson (1921) 250
President Jefferson (1920) 250
President Johnson (1904) 264
President Lincoln (1907) 150, 212, 237,

263

President Lincoln (1921) 250
President Madison (1921) 250
President McKinley (1921) 250
President Monroe (1920) 252
President Pierce ((1921) 249
President Polk (1921) 252
President Roosevelt (1922) 106, 150,

151, 228, 250

President Taft (1921) 150, 249
President Van Buren (1920) 252
President Wilson (1921) 250
Presidente Wilson (1912) 151, 200
Pretoria (1887) 240

Pretoria (1897) 95, 145, 151, 211

Pretoria (1936) 244

Pretoria Castle (1939) 239

Pretorian (1900) 151, 192

Preussen (1886) 151, 221

Princess Matoika (1900) 108, 150, 151,

153
Principe di Piemonte (1907) 88, 151,

152, 155, 217

Principe di Udine (1908) 152, 176, 217
Principe Umberto (1909) 80, 152, 219
Principello (1907) 88, 151, 152
Principessa Giovanna (1923) 215, 217
Principessa Jolanda (1908) 152, 219
Principessa Mafalda (1908) 152, 219
Principessa Maria (1923) 215, 217
Prinz Adalbert (1902) 152, 153, 212
Prinz Eitel Friedrich (1902) 152, 212
Prinz Eitel Friedrich (1904) 133, 153,

222
Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm (1908) 83, 131,

153, 223, 237

Prinz Ludwig (1906) 153, 222
Prinz Oskar (1902) 152, 153, 212
Prinz Sigismund (19021 153, 212
Prinz Sigismund (1903) 153, 222
Prinz Waldemar (1903) 222
Prinzess Alice (1900) 108, 150, 151, 153,

222, 247
Prinzess Irene (1900) 53, 107, 108, 149,

153, 222, 247

Prinzessin Victoria Luise (1901) 154,

212

Professor Woermann (1903) 174
Provence II (1905) 112
Providence (1915) 145, 154, 206, 250
Provincia di San Paolo (1868) 173, 185
Prussia (1894) 79, 154, 211
Puerto Rico (1913) 125, 154, 208
Pulaski (1912) 76, 85, 154, 210
Pulawski (1906) 102

346

Queen, The (1864) 154, 218

Queen Elizabeth (1940) 32, 33, 34, 154,

203,231, 259
Queen Mary (1935) 31, 32, 33, 155, 202,

203,231,256
Queen of Bermuda (1933) 242

Rajputana (1926) 244

Ranch! (1925) 244

Rangitane (1929) 246

Rangitata (1929) 246

Rangitiki (1929) 246

Ranpura (1925) 244

Rapido (1889) 72

Ravenn» (1901) 219

Rawalpindi (1925) 244

Razmak (1925) 253

Re d' Italia (1907) 151, 155, 217

Re Vittorio (1907) 155, 219

Regina (1900) 113

Regina (1918) 149, 155, 184, 230, 239

Regina di Italia (1907) 151, 155, 217

Regina Elena (1907) 155, 219

Regina Margherita (1884) 156, 219

Reina Del Pacifico (1931) 242

Reina Maria Cristina (1888) 37, 156,

226
Reina Victoria Eugenia (1913) 44, 104,

156, 226

Reliance (1920) 156, 157, 212, 237
Remo (1927) 216
Republic (1871) 47, 49, 66, 120, 140,

156, 228

Republic (1883) 182
Republic (1900) 72, 88, 156, 229, 237
Republic (1907) 150, 157, 228, 237, 263,

264

Resolute (1920) 156, 157, 212, 237
Revenge 18, 60
Rex (1932) 28, 29, 73, 157, 216, 219,

231,259

Rey Alfonso (1897) 130
Rhaetia (1883) 157, 160, 211
Rhaetia (1904) 157, 212
Rhein (1868) 140, 158, 220
Rhein (1899) 121, 135, 158, 174, 222,

252

Rhyna (1879) 158
Rhynland (1879) 50, 158, 224
Richmond Hill (1882) 159
Rijndam (1901) 137, 149, 213, 243
Rimutaka (1923) 242
Rion (1898) 169
Robert Ley (1939) 235, 265
Rochambeau (1911) 158, 208, 241
Roland (1893) 221
Roma (1902) 158, 205
Roma (1926) 47, 158, 215, 219, 233, 260
Roman (1884) 158, 204
Romanic (1898) 136, 159, 166, 229, 244
Romolo (1926) 215
Roon (1903) 94, 159, 166, 222

Rossija (1908) 115, 159, 161
Rotomahana (1879) 56
Rotorua (1911) 247
Rotterdam (1886) 55, 159, 213
Rotterdam (1897) 57, 81, 159, 213
Rotterdam (1908) 159, 213, 234, 261
Roumania (1881) 193
Roumanian (1882) 159, 191
Roussillon (1906) 94, 159, 207
Royal Edward (1908) 159, 160, 247
Royal George (1907) 160, 247
Royal William (1838) 160
Ruahine (1891) 43
Rugia (1882) 145, 160, 211
Rugia (1905) 160, 212
Runic (1889) 160
Runic (1900) 229, 243
Russ (1887) 11, 113
Russ (1890) 170
Russia (1867) 6, 160, 183, 201
Russia (1889) 76, 180, 211
Russia (1908) 115, 159, 161
Russia (1938) 145, 237
Ruys (1936) 245

Saale (1886) 11, 38, 161, 177, 221

Saarbrucken (1923) 70

Sabaudo (1941) 173, 261

Sachsen (1886) 161, 221

St. Germain (1874) 108, 161, 207

Saint Laurent (1866) 161, 206

Saint Laurent (1905) 161, 207

St. Louis (1895) 148, 161, 192, 245

St. Louis (1929) 127, 162, 213, 244

St. Paul (1895) 162, 192, 245

Salier (1875) 97, 162, 220

Samaria (1868) 162, 168, 201

Samaria (1921) 113, 162, 167, 202, 203,

236, 265

Samland (1903) 129, 162, 224
San Augustin (1882) 226
San Fernando (1891) 48, 178
San Gennaro (1917) 71, 163
San Giorgio (1886) 163
San Giorgio (1907) 134, 163
San Giovanni (1907) 144, 163
San Guglielmo (1911) 163
San Guisto (1890) 91, 163, 199
San Ignacio Loyola (1867) 225
Sannio (1899) 56, 134, 163, 215, 219
Sant' Anna (1910) 163, 206
Santa Barbara (1889) 160
Santarem (1908) 82
Santiago (1890) 117, 164, 226
Santiago (1901) 119
Santo Domingo (1877) 164, 225
Saragossa (1874) 164, 201
Sardegna (1923) 164, 168
Sardnian (1875) 164, 191
Sarmatian (1871) 164, 191
Siarnia (1882) 142, 164, 204
Saturnia (1910) 117, 165

347

Saturnia (1927) 165, 182, 200, 205, 216,

236, 265

Savoia (1897) 165, 216
Saxon (1900) 240
Saxonia (1857) 165, 210
Saxonia (1900) 105, 165, 202, 238
Scandia (1889) 165, 211
Scandinavian (1898) 136, 159, 166, 192,

244
Scharnhorst (1904) 94, 110, 159, 166,

222

Scharnhorst (1935) 223, 235, 265
Schiller (1872) 166, 211
Schleswig (1903) 166, 222
Scot (1891) 246
Scotia (1862) 6, 166, 201
Scotia (1889) 166, 193
Scotian (1898) 123, 166, 172, 192, 250
Scotian (1907) 150
Scotland (1865) 167, 218
Scotstoun (1925) 58, 167
Scythia (1875) 52, 167, 201
Scythia (1920) 113, 162, 167, 202, 203,

236, 266

Sedgwick (1873) 65, 67
Semiramis (1895) 167
Sepione (1877) 167, 218
Servia (1881) 11, 167, 201, 250
Seydlitz (1903) 168, 222
Shakespeare (1886) 163
Sheridan (1892) 124
Sherman (1891) 129
Shinyo Maru (1911) 241
Shropshire (1911) 247
Sibajak (1927) 252
Siberia (1867) 162, 168, 201
Siberia (1901) 242
Siberia Maru (1901) 242
Siberian (1884) 168, 191
Sicilia (1871) 129
Sicilia (1923) 70
Sicilian (1899) 74, 168, 192
Sicilian Prince (1889) 168
Sierra Cordoba (1913) 223
Sierra Cordoba (1923) 168, 223
Sierra Morena (1924) 223
Sierra Nevada (1912) 223
Sierra Nevada (1922) 120, 168, 223
Sierra Salvada (1912) 223
Sierra Ventana (1912) 223
Sierra Ventana (1923) 164, 168, 223
Silesia (1869) 168, 210
Sinaia (1924) 77, 169, 206
Sirio (1883) 143, 169, 219
Sirius (1838) 169
Slamat (1924) 251
Slavonia (1903) 169, 202, 251
Smolensk (1898) 169
Sobieski (1939) 65, 169, 210
Sofia (1905) 169, 200
Sofia Hohenberg (1905) 169, 195
Solglimt (1900) 149, 173

Somme (1920) 40
Sophocles (1922) 253
Southern Cross (1921) 250
Southland (1900) 179
Southwark (1893) 108, 169, 192
Spaarndam (1881) 43, 81, 170, 213
Spaarndam (1922) 116, 120, 170, 214
Spain (1871) 82, 170, 218
Spree (1890) 99, 107, 170, 221, 246
Stad Haarlem (1875) 87
Stampalia (1909) 140, 170, 216
Starstad 84

State of Alabama (1873) 170, 227
State of California (1891) 170, 171, 191
State of Florida (1881) 171, 227
State of Georgia (1873) 171, 227
State of Indiana (1874) 171, 227
State of Louisiana (1872) 171, 227
State of Nebraska (1880) 171, 191, 227
State of Nevada (1874) 171, 172, 227
State of Pennsylvania (1873) 171, 227
State of Virginia (1873) 172, 227
Statendam (1898) 123, 166, 172, 213,

250
Statendam (1917) 105, 172, 214, 231,

257

Statendam (1929) 172, 214, 257
Stavangerfjord (1918) 172, 224, 246
Steuben (1922) 92, 134, 172, 223
Stirling Castle (1882) 137
Stirling Castle (1935) 232, 265
Stockholm (1900) 149, 173, 227, 244
Stockholm (1941) 173, 227, 234, 261
Stockholm (1947) 173, 227
Strassburg (1872) 173, 220
Strathaird (1931) 234, 258
Strathallan (1938) 234, 265
Stratheden (1938) 234, 265
Strathmore (1935) 234, 265
Strathnaver (1932) 235, 258
Stura (1883) 219
Stuttgart (1889) 76, 93, 107, 141, 173,

221

Stuttgart (1923) 134, 173, 223, 247
Sud America (1868) 173, 185, 216
Sueh (1907) 74, 96
Suevia (1874) 174, 211
Suevic (1901) 229, 243
Suffren (1901) 52, 117, 174, 207
Sultan (1867) 65
Supply (1873) 103
Susan (1891) 57
Susan II (1891) 57
Susquehanna (1899) 158, 174
Swakopmund (1903) 174, 212
Switzerland (1874) 174, 179, 224
Sylvania (1895) 61, 174,201

Tacoma (1870) 49
Tainui (1884) 46, 74
Taiseiyo Maru (1905) 62
Taiyo Maru (1911) 241

348

Tamaroa (1922) 253

Tampican (1889) 160

Taormina (1908) 42, 174, 180, 217, 219

Tara (1890) 143

Tarifa (1865) 201

Taroba (1888) 117

Tatsuta Maru (1929) 241

Tauric (1891) 137, 174, 229

Tempest (1855) 193

Tennyson (1900) 87

Ttenyo Maru (1908) 241

Terek (1889) 72

Teresa (1900) 175, 195

Teutonia (1856) 175, 210

Teutonic (1889) 16, 121, 175, 229, 240

Thanmore (1867) 66

The Queen (1864) 154, 218

Thekla (1895) 221

Themistocles (1907) 132, 175, 209

Themistocles (1911) 253

Theodor (1861) 65

Thessaloniki (1890) 175, 209

Thingvalla (1874) 175, 225

Thuringia (1870) 175, 210

Thuringia (1922) 92, 175, 185, 212

Timgad (1911) 175, 208

Tirpitz (1914) 82, 176, 212

Titanic (1911) 62, 141, 176, 229, 231,

256

Toledo (1914) 38

Tomaso di Savoia (1907) 152, 176,217
Tonquin (1866) 69
Toronto (1880) 176, 204
Tortona (1909) 48, 176
Tours (1920) 40
Toyen Maru (1905) 104
Transylvania (1914) 176, 177, 202, 244
Transylvania (1925) 58, 177, 194, 242
Tras-os-Montes (1906) 56
Trave (1886) 11, 38, 161r177, 221
Trentham Hall (1876) 126
Trier (1898) 222
Trinacria 12
Trinidad (1872) 77, 201
Trojan (1867) 193
Tubantia (1913) 245
Tunisian (1900) 122, 177, 192, 253
Tuscania (1915) 176, 177, 194, 244
Tuscania (1922) 59, 135, 177, 194, 242
Tyrrhenia (1922) 115, 177, 202

U. S. Grant (1907) 109

Ultonia (1898) 178, 201, 254

Ulysses (1913) 240

Umbria (1884) 11, 12, 14, 85, 178, 201,

252

Union (1866) 220
United Kingdom (1857) 178, 193
United States (1903) 99, 143, 178, 225,

253

Uraguay (1928) 239
Ural i"

(1890) 107, 170

Uranium (1891) 48, 178
Uruguay (1913) 44, 104, 226
Utopia (1874) 178, 193

Vancouver (1883) 68, 178, 204

Vancouver (1884) 204

Vandyck (1921) 251

Vasco Nunez de Balboa (1891) 37, 139,

178, 226

Vasilefs Constantinos (1914) 57, 120,

179, 209

Vasilissa Sophia (1917) 179
Vaterland (1873) 179, 224
Vaterland (1900) 87, 110, 179, 224, 240
Vaterland (1914) 103, 118, 179, 212,

231,257

Vedic (1918) 180, 230
Veendam (1873) 49, 180
Veendam (1923) 180, 182, 213, 214, 243
Venezia (1907) 180, 206
Venezuela (1905) 44, 53
Verona (1908) 42, 174, 180, 219
Versailles (1882) 98
Vesta 5

Vestris (1912) 51
Viceroy of India (1929) 238
Victoria (1872) 58, 145, 180, 193
Victoria (1898) 37, 122, 180
Victoria (1931) 251
Victoria Luise (1899) 19, 78, 98, 181,

212, 256

Victorian (1904) 123, 181, 192, 249
Ville d' Alger (1890) 207
Ville d'Alger (1935) 208
Ville d' Anvers (1920) 40
Ville d' Arlon (1920) 41
Ville de Bourdeaux (1870) 206
Ville de Brest (1870) 207
Ville de Bruges (1921) 150
Ville de Gand (1920) 40
Ville de Hasselt (1920) 41
Ville de Liege (1920) 40
Ville de Mons (1920) 40
Ville de Namur (1920) 40
Ville d' Oran (1936) 208
Ville de Paris (1866) 206
Ville de St. Nazaire (1883) 207
Ville de Tunis (1884) 207
Ville du Havre (1866) 134, 181, 206
Viminale (1925) 215
Vincenzo Florio (1880) 181, 183, 218
Virgilio (1927) 219
Virginia (1863) 96, 218
Virginia (1906) 91, 103, 119, 181, 195,

217

Virginia (1928) 238
Virginian (1905) 80, 181, 192, 249
Virginie (1907) 207
Vittoria (1871) 66, 120, 156
Vladimir (1895) 182
Volendam (1922) 180, 182, 214, 243
Voltaire (1923) 251

349

Volturno (1906) 182

Von Steuben (1901) 109, 256

Vulcania (1928) 165, 200, 216, 236, 265

Waesland (1867) 183, 224
Wakefield (1932) 122, 233, 260
Walmer Castle (1902) 240
Waroonga (1914) 251
Warwick Castle (1931) 234, 260, 265
Washington (1847) 99, 182
Washington (1863) 14, 183, 206
Washington (1880) 181, 183, 218
Washington (1890) 35, 127
Washington (1933) 122, 183, 228, 233,

260

Weimar (1891) 183, 221
Welshman (1891)
Werkendam (1881) 183, 213
Werra (1882) 11, 90, 183, 220
Werra (1922) 90, 184, 223
Weser (1858) 53, 101, 220
Weser (1867) 184, 220
Weser (1922) 90, 184, 223
West Point (1940) 39, 261
Western World (1921) 249
Westmount (1891) 57
Westerdam (1946) 184, 214
Westernland (1884) 184, 224
Westernland (1918) 155, 184, 197, 224,

239

Westmount (1891) 57
Westphalia (1868) 173, 185, 210
Westphalia (1923) 92, 185, 175, 212

Wieland (1874) 91, 185, 211

Wilbo (1894) 51

Wilhelm Gustloff (1938) 234, 265

Willehad (1894) 185, 221

William O'Swald (1920) 157

William Penn (1866) 86

Winchester Castle (1930) 235, 261, 265

Windhuk (1936) 244

Windsor Castle (1920) 233, 256, 260

Winifredian (1899) 78, 185, 243

Winnipeg (1918) 208

Wisconsin (1870) 185, 186, 209

Wittekind (1894) 185, 221

Wittenberg (1895) 221

Wyandotte (1894) 185

Wyoming (1870) 185, 186, 209

Yale (1889) 69

Yamato Maru (1915) 252, 94
Yamuna (1903) 169
Yasukuni Maru (1930) 252
Yawata M*mi (1939) 241
Yorck (1906) 77, 119, 186, 222
Yorkshire (1889) 85, 186
Yoshino Maru (1906) 108
Ypiranga (1908) 45, 74, 186, 212

Zaandam (1939) 137, 186, 214

Zeeland (1865) 105, 187, 224

Zeeland (1901) 87, 110, 128, 179, 187,

224, 240

Zepplelin (1914) 187, 223
Zieten (1902) 168, 187, 222

350