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1 


TREES  AND  SHETJBS; 


AN  ABRIDGMENT  OF 


S^^t  %thmthxm  tt  ^xvdxainm  ^ritEnmamt : 


CONTAtNINO 

THE  HAKBY  TREES  AND  SHRUBS 

OF  BRITAIN, 

N.ATIVE      AND     FOREIGN, 

SCIENTIFICAXLY     AND    POPULARLY    DESCRIBED; 

WITH  XHEiR   PROPAGATION,  CULTURE,  AND  USES; 

'  ^  AKD 

ENGRAVINGS     OF    NEARLY   ALL     THE    SPECIES, 


BY   J.   C-  LOtTDON,  r.L.S.,  H.S.,  &c, 

AVTMOR   OF  '*T2rtT*ACB,  TAKM,  AND  VILLA  ARCHITECTURB." 


FREDERICK  WARNE   &   CO., 

BEDFORD  STREET,  STRAND. 
New  York  :  SCRIBNER,  WELFORD,  &  ARMSTRONG, 

I8;5. 

OL. 


^ 

/-^2 
/61S 


f 


PREFACE. 


Ikis  Abridgement  of  the  Arboretum  et  Fruticctum  BriUmnicum  contains. — 

1.  Obaracters  and  short  Popular  Descriptions  of  all  the  species  and 
fBiieties  of  hardy  trees  and  shrubs  now  in  British  gardens,  with  directions 
fix-  their  culture;  including  the  soil  most  suitable  for  them,  their  pro- 
pegatioD,  and  their  uses  in  the  arts,  &c. 

2.  EngraTings  of  all  the  species  which  are  described,  with  the  exception  of 
half  a  dozen.  The  whole  arranged  according  to  the  Natural  System  ;  all  the 
engra?iiigs  being  to  the  scale  of  two  inches  to  a  foot,  or  one  sixth  of  the 
natural  size. 

3.  The  Scientific  Names  and  Scientific  Synonymes  of  all  the  species ;  and 
thor  Popular  Names  in  the  languages  of  the  different  countries  where  they 
are  indigeaous  or  cultivated. 

4.  An  Alphabetical  Index  to  all  the  species  and  varieties,  with  thdr 
synoojrmes. 

5.  A  Tabular  Analysis  of  the  Leaves,  by  which  the  name  of  any  species 
of  tree  or  shrub  described  in  the  work  may,  in  general,  be  discovered,  from 
a  small  portion  of  a  shoot  with  the  leaves  on. 

6.  Specific  Characters,  Descriptions,  and  Figures  of  some  species,  more 
particularly  of  pines,  firs,  and  oaks,  which  wefe  not  in  the  country  in  1838^ 
vben  the  large  work  was  completed. 

In  a  wordi,  though  this  Abridgement  does  not  include  all  the  interesting 
and  useful  information  on  the  natural  history  of  trees  which  will  be  found  in 
the  larger  work,  or  an^  of  the  portraits  of  entire  trees  which  constitute  so 
distinguished  a  feature  m  it,  yet  it  contains  all  that  is  necessary  to  enable  the 
reader  to  discover  the  names  oi  the  different  species,  and  to  ascertain  their 
culture,  propagation,  and  uses  in  Britain ;  in  snort,  all  that  is  essential  for 
the  nuneryman,  gardener,  and  forester. 

The  most  remarkable  circumstance  connected  with  this  Abridgement  is, 
that  the  Author  has  been  able  to  obtain  figures  of  nearly  all  the  species. 
For  the  drawings  or  specimens  fi*om  which  these  additional  figures  were 
taken,  be  is  indebted  to  the  kind  assistance  of  various  Public  Institutions, 
and  of  several  of  the  most  eminent  botanists  and  possessors  of  herbariums 
and  living  collections  in  Europe  and  North  America. 

The  Institutions  to  which  he  is  under  obligations  are,  the  Linnean  and 
Horticultural  Societies  of  London,  the  British  Museum,  the  Museum  of 
Natural  History  of  Paris,  and  that  of  Berlin :  and  the  Botanists  who  have 
kindly  lent  him  drawings  or  specimens  include  the  late  A.  B.  Lambert,  Esq. ;  • 
Sir  W.  J.  Hooker;  Dr.  Lindley;  the  late  Professor  Don;  George  Don, 
Esq.,  who  prepared  the  characters  of  the  Orders  and  of  the  Genera ; 
Messrs.  I^oddigbs  ;  the  late  Professor  DeCandollb  ;  M.  Alphonse  De 
Candollb  ;  W.  Borrer,  Esq. ;  P.  B.  Webb,  Esq. ;  Baron  De  Lessert  ; 
M.MicaAUx;  Stgnor  G.  Manetti  ;  M.  Otto;  M.  Charles  Rauch;  M. 
Fra?(cis  Rauch,  who  made  most  of  the  drawings;  and  Drs.  Torrey 
and  Gray  :  to  all  of  whom ;  to  the  Curators  of  most  of  our  Botanic  and 
Horticultural  Gardens,  and  those  of  many  foreign  ones ;  and  to  all  Nursery- 
men and  Gardeners,  both  at  home  and  abroad,  who  may  have  rendered  him 
assistance,  he  b^s  to  return  his  most  sincere  thanks. 

To  the  Council  of  the  Horticultural  Society  of  London  he  is  under  especial 
obli^tions,  for  their  permission  to  make  drawings  from  the  cones  and  other 
specimens  sent  home  by  their  collectors,  Douglas  and  Hartweg,  and  for 
authorising  him  to  procure  information  from  their  intelligent  and  experienced 
niperintendent  of  the  arboricultural  department  of  the  Garden,  Mr.  George 
Gordon,  A.L.S. ;  and  to  Mr.  Gordon  he  is  indebted  for  the  ready  and 
obliging  manner  in  which,  at  all  times,  he  rendered  his  assistance. 

Bt^water,  AprU^  1843.  J.  C.  L. 

A  2 


i* 


CONTENTS. 


BDumeratlon  of  th«  Genera  and  Speclei,  with  ttuAr  Tarietiei  and  STnooTinei,  In  the  order 
in  which  ther  are  deecribed  in  the  work  ..... 

An  Analysis  of  tne  commoner  Tree*  and  Shrube  of  Britain,  with  reference  to  their  Uses 
in  ueeAil  and  ornamental  Flantatlont     ...... 

An  Analyf it  of  the  Genera  of  the  lYeee  and  Shrube  described  in  this  Abridgement, 
according  to  their  Leaves        >  ..... 

Explanation  of  AbbreTlationt,  Accentuation,  Indications,  ftc  ... 


The  Species  described  in  detail 
EXO'GEN£. 

DlCHLAMT'DBJB. 


itaaunculfccem 
Clematfdem    . 
WinterdcAT   - 
Fmoaiacem     - 
Uagnol'dccw  . 
AnoHdcea 
Menlspermioesi 
JBerberdcem  - 
Aurantiicec  > 
CrucilcesB 
Clst4ce« 

nilAcea 

Tefnstr6midctf« 

Hj  pcrlcAceae  > 

ifceriicea 

CkpparidicesB 

iKicul4ce«    > 

fiitpindicesB    . 

fvMotm 

XanthoxyUtcesB 

CbrUcem 


Stapbyleiic 

C^la>tricesB  • 

.^quiroliicaa 

JS(hamnice0  > 

Humalinloem 

Anacardiicec 

Leguminicess 

RoActtt 

Calycaiithikce* 

Granatluse*  > 

TkmarlcAcea 

i*hiladelphikcesi 

Nitrari&ceK  . 

GrossiU4ce«  > 

Escallonid^r^r 

Hydr&ngesB  > 

Umbellacese  . 

Hamamelldioesi 

ArallAcea 

Oomlcfss 

LorantUicem 

i;kprif6Udoes» 


CoDMntk 
Page  T.   ItU. 
T.    UU. 
vl.   ItU. 

Tl. 

Ti.   ItU. 

Tl. 
Tl. 

Tl.    iTil. 

ItU. 

tU. 

tU. 

tU. 

Til. 

tUI. 

TiU.     iTll. 

TUi.   ItU. 
iTiU. 

IJC  iTiU. 

ix. 

ix.  ItUI. 

Ix. 

X. 


Cal^eifldnt, 


X. 

z. 

X.  iTin. 

xi.  ItUI. 

xlL 

xU.  ItUI. 
xU.  ItUI. 
XTl.  ItUL 

ZXT. 
XXT. 
XXT. 

xxtI. 
xztI. 

ZXTl.  iTUf. 
ZXTtt. 
ZXTia 

xxtUI. 
xxTiU. 
XxriU.  ItUI. 
zxTUi.  ItUL 

xxxi. 


Test. 


1 
3 


nil 


nil 
nil 
so  nil 

17 

SI  nil 

88 

89 

41 

ma 

68 

M 

es 

68 
71 
74  Ills 

78  ins 

113 

123  1113 
134 

135  1118 
141 
145 


147 
148 

165  ins 

166  1113 

183 

184  1118 

194  1114 

889  1114 

453 

456 

457 

459 

467 

468  1115 

489 

493 

494 

498 

49)  1116 

501  1116 

608 

518 


Jambikcec     - 
Lonicdrecr     - 
JSubiicese 
Compdsitse    > 
Ericaceae 
Stjrkcem 
Haleu'dcfiB    - 
SapotacuB 
Aoenicea 
Oleaceae 
Jasminlicese  • 
WpocynicesB  . 
i<8clepia(/^« 
Blgnun/ocoe  . 
SoIanAcea     - 
ScroDhularikcese 
Labiacec 
/^erbenicesB  - 


CoBiMita. 
xxix.  IvilL 
xxix.  iTiU. 
xxxL 
xxxi. 

xxxi.  iTlU. 

XXXT. 

ZXXT. 

XXXT. 

XXXT. 

XXXT.  ItUI. 

ZXXTii. 

xxxtU. 
xxxvil.  ItIU. 
xxxtU. 

XXXTii.  iTUi. 

xxxtUI. 
xxxvlii. 
xxxviU. 


Chenopodilu 
i'olygunicea 
Lauraceae 
Tliymelicesi  * 
SanttUiicae    - 
Alieagniccae  > 
ilrisioluchtkcesB 
A'aphorb/dcor 
ArtudirpesB   • 
L'lmAceie 
•/uglandAcesi 
jailcicese      - 
Betulictm 
(TorylAocK     - 
Garrydce«     . 
Platanftcess  - 
Aalsamicea 
Afyriulcem    > 
Guetace^B 
Taxuett 
CuDiiersB       . 
iibi^tinsB 
Cupr6s«inB  . 
£mpecrdcem> 


MONOOBLAMY'DXB. 


xxxviii. 
xxxvlji.  ItUI. 
xxxix. 
xxxix.  ItIU. 
xl. 

xl.  ItUI. 
xl. 
xl. 
xl. 

xU.  ItUI. 
xHU 
xUU. 

xlTl.  ItUI. 
xItU.  ItUI. 
U. 

U.    iTiU. 

U. 

U. 

IL 

11. 

U.  ItUL 

U. 

It. 

ItL 


AniUoess 
LUlAce* 


BNDO'GENJE. 

.iTi. 

ItU. 


Pegt  T 

lis 

IXTli 

Ixxil 


513  1116 

536  1116 

544 

545 

553  1116 

617 

619 

688 

684 

627  1116 

654 

656 

658  1117 

660 

663  1117 

670 

673 

676 


674 

677  1117 

681 

686  1117 

6l>3 

GM  1117 

701 

708 

705 

714  1117 

731 

744 

831  1117 

845  1117 

986 

987  1118 

931 

934 

937 

938 

946  1118 

947 
1067 
1090 


1088 
1099 


Supplementary  Figures      ......    1105 

Supplementary  Spedee      -  .  .  .  .  -1111 

List  of  Authorities  for  Generic  aod  Spedflc  Names     >  -  -    1 1 19 

Lilt  of  Books  retered  to  .*...•    1194 


Glossarial  Index 
General  Index 


1186 
1148 


a.e 


-•-  By  turning  to  the  pages  of  the  Contents,  the  whole  of  the  species  and  Tarietles,  with  their 
STnonymet,  of  anT  genus  or  order,  may  be  seen  at  a  glance ;  and.  by  turning  to  the  General  Index  at 
the  e&d.  any  particular  spedes,  whether  known  by  iu  general  name  or  its  srnoDTme.  maT  be  found 
ataBee,boai1£^theContentoandlnthebodyofSework.        —^  "^  «  ^y«»y»«.  ""V  n»  k«wi 


ENUMERATION 


OP   TBI 


GENERA,  SPECIES,  AND  VAWETIES,  WITH  THEIR  STNONTMBS, 

8CIENTIEIC  AND  POPULAR, 

III  m   OBDSE  IN  WHICH  THET  ARB  DB8CRIBBD. 


Id  tbc  MlMteg  Tabia  the  STBoorniM  btp  printed  In  Ttalles.    English  tpeeiflc  name*  are  omitted 

ten  tfaej  are  merdy  traBaUtioDt  of  the  sdentiflc  names.    French,  German,  and  Italian  generie 

aaes  an,  «lth  few  exoeptloas,  not  given  when  they  are  the  same,  or  nearly  the  same,  as  the  scien- 

dflc  ones;  and  the  spodllc  names  an  only  glTen  in  these  languages  when  they  are  ^ynonymea,  and 


Class  I.     EXO'GENiE. 
Subdiv.  I.    DICHLAMYDE^. 


SubcL  I.    THALAMIFLO'R^. 


Seeti  I. 

Fmutfampinm 

or  fnritt,  mmmenmts  or  ike 

Stemnu  placed  omnotite  ike 

Faab, 

KamtnculdceiF, 

Tribe  L   Clwmati'mm. 
L  Clk'hatis  L,       '    2 

^irgim's  Bower,  Ladies* 
Bmer:  CUmatUe,  Ft.  ;  f^aid- 
nfe.  Gcr.  i  Oematide,  ICal. 

5i  Flammmla  Dec. 

1.  Flammda  L,        -3 

C.*mf  Gerard,  C.  nsarifnna 
AIL  FeL,  C.  svatufelrm  Sal. 
Prod.,  CpemcmlAUi  Thon.: 
Sweefteemkd  Virgin' t  Bower: 
Ckmetiteodormde^  Fr.;  Sekofife 

2  ntimdifdliA  2>ee.       S 

V*  ffufjtiuu  Ten. 
S  maritmia  Dee*     -     3 

4  rab^lU  Dee.         -     3 

5  ccipitosa  Dee*     -     4 
C.  e^ipitbta  Scop. 

C.  mmmmla  Bctt. 
6paniculaU    -         -     4 
C.  pemkmtata  Tbtm. 

1  orientalis  jL.         -    4 

C  iiM  Momch,  C.  ghi£ca 
Wjji,  C^^rafcAca    Hort. : 

X  dun^nsis  i2^fz.     -    5 

C  Jtefnii  Loar.  ooeb. 

4.  VitAlhalr.    -      .    5 

TnweUer's  Joy.— C.  dlfara 
Vanii.,  C.  tMiu  Com.,  r/enia 
Gcr.  ft  Lobi,  VlUb  nlgr*  Fuch.: 
M  Mot's  &«rrf.  BtrnduUk^ 
^rmmum  T.B.,  WHd  CUmber, 
^taimu  cumber:  CUmatiU 
»■<■*.  ¥t, ;  Gemeime  WcM- 
vcir,  Gcr. }  f'sir  Mum,  ltd. 

0.  Tirgioiana  L.  -  6 
C.  nwnrfaili  MilL  DkL,  C. 
«*<ifWe  Monch  sopp.,  C.  M- 
tmiMs  Hoit.:  BroaiM  Co- 
''^r.B. 


2  brscteJUa  Dee,     -     6 
C.  ftroctedto  Momch. 

6.  grata  Wall,  -    7 
C.  odordta  Hort.,  C.  frArr- 

«aia  Hort,  a  tupaUnsit  Hort. 

7.  Vi6rna  JL.     -      -    7 

C.  purpkrea  ripens  Ray: 
LeaikoTfjIowertd  V.  B.,  Ameri~ 
can  TrmteUer*$  Joa^  Virginian 
camber.  Purple  Oimber:  Cli- 
maiite  Viome,  Fr.;  GlockenblU- 
tkige  Watdrebe,  Ger. 

2  cordata      -  -     7 

C.  eordbta  Sims  B.  U. 
C.  SfauU  5(irt  A.  B, 

8.  cyUndrica  5iou     -    8 

C.  eritpa  Lam.,  C.  Vidma 
Bot.  Rep.,  C.  divariedta  Jacq. : 
Long-Jlowered  V.  B.:  dimame 
d  tongues  FieurSt  Fr. 

9.  reticulata  Walt.  -    9 

C.  rdsea  Abbott,  C.  5iMsU 
Book. 

10.  Hendenona  Chan.  9 

$  ii.  FiHeiOa  Dec. 

11.  fl6rida  TViun.      -  10 

AfTMCTif  Indiea  Desf ,  Afrd- 
f  Aa«  ;f3rtf a  Pers. :  Cldmaiite  d 
grandes  Fleurs^  Fr. ;  GrosMU" 
tkige  Waldrebe,  Ger. 

2  flore  pl^o  Hort  -  10 

3  fl.  pi.  vioUceo      -  10 
C./.  5fVMI(fll  D.  Don. 

C.  Siebdldti  Paxt. 
C.  hkoolor  Hort 

12.  Gserulea  Undl.   -  1 1 

C  iisftmf  grandifBkra  Sieb., 
a  grandifibra  Hort 

13.  Viticella  /..       -  1 1 

VUieaia  delioidea  Mcench: 
Bed-JUnaered  Ladies'  Bower, 
Gerard:  Italienische  WaUrebe, 
Ger. 

1  oeriilea       -         -  12 

2  purpiirea    -         -  12 

3  miiltiplex  G.  Don  12 
C.  pulckella  T^n. 

4  tenuiiolia  Dee.     -  12 
C.  ten.  htuitdfUca  Toam. 

A  3 


5  baccaU  Dec         -  12 
C.  eampanifibra  Hort. 

14.  campaiiiil6raj9ro/.12 
C.  viomSides  Schrader,  C. 

par9(flbra  Dec 

2  panrifldra  Fi$.G9L  12 

15.  crispa  Xr.  -  -  13 
CJidre  crispo  DIIL  BIth. 

§  ill.  Cheir6p§i$  Dec. 

16.  cirrhosa  Zr.  -      -  13 

htrdgene  drrkhsa  Pers. :  TVo- 
velier's  Joy  t^f  Candia,  and  S/do* 
MfM  Traveller's  Joy,  Gerard; 
Spanisk  Wild  Climber,  Parkins. ; 
Evergreen  Clematis:  ClJmatile 
d  VriUes,  Fr. ;  Ett^achbOUirige 
Waldrebe.  Ger. 

2  pedicelUta  Dec.   -  14 
C.  pedicelldta  Swt.  H.  B. 
C.  baleirica  Pers. 

C.  drrkbsa  Sims  B.  M. 

3  anguBtifolia  -      -  14 
C.  baUdrica  Rich.  B.  M. 
C.  ca^cina  Alt 

C.  pofymirpha  Hort. 
CUmatite  de  Makon,  Fr. 

§  iv.  ANem<mi/7dra. 

17.  mont^na  JTiffm.   -  15 

C.  vsenumifibra  D.  Don. 

Other  Spedes.—C.  holoserfeea 
Pwrsk,  AgustlcKblhi  Nnttali, 
Drmnmdndit  Tor.  A  Gray, 
narvifldm  Nutiall,  lasiintba 
yvtL.  UnearllobaDrc,  Pitch- 
mi  Tor.  ft  Gray,  pub^sceos, 
eitifblia,  Buchan^dna        -  16 

II.   i^TRA^GENB  L.    -    16 
CUmatis  I.«m.  &  Dec. :  Jtra. 
gene,  Fr.  and  Ger. 

1.  alpina  L,  •  -16 
CUmatis  cterklea  Banh.,  CU- 
matis a:phfui  MilL  Diet  &  Dec., 
A.  aiulrlaca  Scop.  &  B.  M.,  A. 
elemat\des  Grants :  Atrageine 
des  Aipes,  Fr. ;  A^en  Atragene, 
Ger. 

2  White  flwfi.  Dec.     16 

3  sibirica?     -         -16 
A.  sibirica  L. 


VI 


CONTENTS. 


2.  siblnca  L.  -        -  1 7 

A.  alp\na  Gmel.  tc  Fall^  Cli- 
mati$  *mHea  MUL  Diet.  &  Dec. 

2  Blue  flws.  B.M.     17 
A.  ockotinsis  PalUs  ? 
A<  aiphta  L.  ? 

3.  americana  5i/}/^    -  17 

Qlimatis  verticfUdrfs  Dec. 
2  obliqua  Dou.  MS.   17 

0/A^r  Species  and  Varietfet,  — 
A.  ochotfncU  /»a//.(  A.  siMrica 
Tar.  ?},  ^.  columbUkna  A''u/^ 
{Clhnatis  columbiuna  Tor.  & 
Gray  1.  p.  11.)  -        -  17 

Tribe  II.  Pmohia'^ckm. 

I.  Pmo^siA  L.  -  18 

The  Vttonj.— Peony ^  Pionp  : 
GicAtterrote,  Ger. ;  Rosa  del 
MonUt  Span.  \  Peonia,  Ital. 

I.  Mnuian  Sims  -  18 
Tree  Pnjony.— P.  arbhrea  Dn. 
P.  st{ffru*i<Asa  B.  Rep. :  Pivoine 
Moutan^  Fr. ;  BaumartigeGicAt- 
terrose,  Ger. :  Hoa-Ouang,  and 
Pt'Iteang-Km,  Chinese. 

1  papavericea  ^.  iZ.  18 

2  B4nksti  B.  R.     -  19 

IT.  Xanthorhi^zaL.  19 

The  Yellow-Root. 
1.  flpiifolia  V Merit,  -  20 

Xanthorise  d  FeuiUes  de  PersU, 
Fr. ;  SeUert'e-bUUtrigeGelbumrz, 

Winteracesd, 
I.  Illi^cium  L.       "  20 

Aniseed  Tree :  Baditme^  Ants 
tUriUt  Fr. ;  SUmanis^  Ger. ; 
BadianOf  ItaL 

1.  floridi^nuin  El/is      20 

Florida  lUicittm,  Red-fUneered 
Anise-seed  Tree  Mor.  Hl»t.:  Ra- 
diane  de  la  Ftoride^  Fr. ;  Un- 
ackter  StemaniSf  Ger. 

Moffnolmcess. 
I.  MagsoXta  L.      -  21 

The  Magnolia.  —  MagnoNe, 
Fr.,  Ger.,&  Ital.;  Bieberhaum^ 
Hart 

§  i.  MagnotiietTum. 
1 .  grandiflora  L,      -  22 

Laurel  Bmf,  B^  Laurel,  Large 
MagnoliOf  Laurter  tulipier,  Fr. ; 
Grossbhtmiger  Magnoliet  or 
Bieberbaum^  Ger. ;  Magnolia 
IVipanOt  Ital. 

2  obovata  .^tV.         .  22 

3  exoni^iisis  Hart.  -  23 
Af .  /f.  laneeoldta  Ait 

Af .  /r-  stricta  Hort. 
M.g./erruginea  Hort 

4  angustifolia  ^or<.    23 

5  praeVox  Andry,    -  23 

0/A«-  Tar*.  —  M.  g.  vdra, 
M.  g.  latifblia,  M.  g.  exoni- 
§nsfs  var.,  M.  g.  rubiglndsa, 
M.  g.  rotundifblia  Swt,  Bd.g. 
elliptica  AH.,  M.  g.  longifbUa 
unduUta,  M.  g.  esonl^nsit  il 


fleur  deml^iouble,  M.  g.  cana- 
licul^,  M.  g.  floribunda,  M.  g. 
fbllis-Tarleg&tia,  M.  g.  mogor- 
d§agis  ...         23 

2.  gla^caL.     -      -     25 

M.  frdgrans  Salisb. :  Swamp 
Sassttfras,  Beaver-wood,  White 
Bay,  Small  Magnolia,  Swamp 
Magnolia  :  Magnolie  gtauque, 
Fr. ;  Albero  de  Ciz«<ora, Ital. 

2  seinpervirens  Hort.  25 

3  Thomsoni^Tia  Tbp.  25 
3f .  gl.  var.  mJiJor  B.  M. 

Other  Vars.  —  M.  gl.  Gordo- 
liidna,  M.  gl.  BurchelliufMi, 
M.    gl.  longifblU  Pursh,  M. 

51.  Cardbuii    {M.  Cordon   J. 
Lnlght.)  -  -      26 

3   triretala  X.        -    27 

M.  umbri/la  Lam.,  M.  Ji^on- 

ddsa    Salisb.  :     Umbrella  Tree, 

Umbrella  Magnolia,   Elkwood: 

MagmUii  Parasol  Fr. 

4.  macrophylla  Mx,    28 

M.  Micha6A\  Hort. :  Large- 
leaved  Umbrella  Tree,  Amer. 

5.  acuminata  L.      -    29 

M.  rUstica,  M.pentuulvanica, 
Blue  Magnoliat  Cucumber  Tree, 
U.  S. 

2  Cand6lli  Savi     -     29 

3  maxima  Lodd,     -    29 

Other  Vars.  —  M.  itriita,  M. 
IatiR>Ua  .  -       29 

6.  cordata  Mx.       -    30 

7.  auriculata  Lam,  -    31 

M.  Frdseri  WaU.,  M.  aurtcu- 
Idris  Salisb. :  Indian  Physic, 
N.  Amer. 

2  pyramidfLta         .      31 
M.  pyramiddia  Bartr. 
M.  Frdseri  pyramiddta  Nt. 

§  ii.  Gwiilimia  Rott. 

8.  conspicua  Salisb,      33 

Yulan  Magnolia.  —  M.  prieia 
Correa,  M.  Yulan  Detf.:  Yu 
Lan,  Chinese:  LHy-Jlu>d  M.  : 
Mamolier  Yulans,  Fr.  ;  Ynlans 
Bieoerbaum,  Ger.;  M.  dot  Fi- 
ori  di  Giglio,  Ital. 

2  Soulangeana  -  33 
M.  Soulangeina.  An  H.  P. 
M.Soulangein»Swt,B.F.G. 

Other  Varieties,  or  Hybrids. 
—  M.  c.  S.  speciftsa,  M.  c.  S. 
Alexandrlna  •       -      33 

9.  purpikrea  Sims     -    35 

3#.  obovdta  Thun.,  M.  disco- 
lor Vent,  M.  denuddta  Lam.  : 
Obovate-lvd  M.:  Magnolier  dis- 
colori,  Bon  Jard.,  Magnolie  bi- 
eolorf  Dun.,  Fr. ;  Rolhe  Bieber- 
baum,  Ger. 

2  gr&cilis         -       -     35 
M.  Kbbus  Dec. 
M.  tomentbsa  Than. 

Other  Varieties M.  p.  de- 

nudftta  Lam.,  M.  p.  discolor 
VejU.,  M.  p.  filiflOra  Lam.. 
a  dwarf  var.  (M.  obovdta  n^- 
mila  of  Cassoretti)       .       35 

II.  Liriode'ndron  L,  36 

The  Tulip  Tree. 


I.  Tuliplfera  Z/.     -     36 

The  Poplar,  White  Wood  and 
Canoe  Wood,  Amer.;  Virginian 
Poplar,  Tulip-bearing  LUy  Tree, 
and  Saddle  Tree,  Eng.:  Tulipier 
de  Virginie,  Fr. ;  Virginischer 
Tulipeerbaum,  Ger. ;  tuUpiere, 
lUL 

2  obtusf  loba  Mx,  -  36 

L.  integrifblia   Hort. 
Yellow  Wood. 
Yellow  Poplar. 
Other  Vars.  —  L.  T.  acutf- 
fulia  Mt.,  L.  T.  fl^va  Hort.  36 

Anonacece. 

I.  Asi'MiNA  Adanson  38 
Anndna  L.,  Orchidocdrpum 
Mx.,  Porci&se  sp.  Ten.,  Uvd- 
ria  Tor.  ft  Gray:  Custard 
Apple:  Astminier,  Fr. ;  Flas- 
chenbaum,  Ger. 

I.  triloba  Dun.  -  38 
Annikia  triloba  L.,  Porci/Ut 
triloba  Pors.,  Orchidocdrpum 
arietinum  7ILx.,Uvdria  triloba 
Tor.  &  Gray:  Papau,  Amer.; 
Asiminier  de  Virginie  Fr.;  An- 
nana,  Ital. 

Other  Species^— A.  panrifldra,  A. 
grandiflbra  -         >       89 

Menispermhcea, 
I.  Menispe'rmum  L.  39 

The  Moonteed.—MMisperme, 
Fr. ;  Mondsaame,  Ger. 

1.  canadense  L,     -     40 

M.  canadense  var.  m  Lanuurk, 
Af.  anguHtum  Morach. 

2  Jobiituin  Dec.     .     40 
M.  virgtnicum  L. 

3  «mildcinuni         -     40 
M.  tmilddnum  Dec. 

2.  dauricum  Dec,    -     40 

T^ilophus  Ampelisdgria  Fit. 
M.  canadhue  fi  Lam. 

II.  Co'cci'Lus  Batth,  40 

The  Cocculus.  —  Menitpir- 
mum  L.,  WendUmdiM.  WiOd., 
Andrdphilax  Wendl. 

I.  carolinus  JDc    -    41 

Menisp.  caroHnum  L.,  FKnuf. 
MiuHa  populifolia  WUld.,  ^n. 
drdphilax  scandens  Wendl., 
Baumgdrtia.  scdndens  Moench : 
Coccola,  Ital. 

Berberaceae. 
I.  Be'rberis  L.    -    42 

The  Berberry.  —  Pipperidge 
Bush :  Eyine  vmette,  Fr.;  Ber- 
beritxe,  Ger.;  Berbero,  Ital. 

1.  sibirica  Pall,      -     42 

B.  a/<dtca  Pal. 

2.  vulgiiris  L.        -  •  42 

B.  atnhtsis  Preil.  B.  macro- 
cdfTtti  of  some :  PipperidgeTree, 
Dr.  Turner :  E'pine  vinette  Fr.; 
Oemeine  Berberitxe,  Ger. 

2  lilktea      -  -     43 

3  dlba       .  -      43 

4  riolacea  -     43 

5  purpiirea  -     43 
B.  innomindta  Kalm. 


CONTENTS. 


VU 


6  n^ni 

7  d6icis 


-  .  43 

-  -  43 

8  up^nna    -  -  43 

9  longifolU  -  -  43 

10  glaSca        -     -  43 
B.glahca  Booth, 

11  mitis      -         -  43 

12  proTinciilis    -  43 

a  emai^nata  WiUd.  44 

4.  cretica  L,  -  44 

&  c.  hmxifdUa  Touni. 

5.  cratae'^gina  Drc.  -  45 

6.  iberica  Stev,       -  45 
B.  vtUg^  V.  (bfriea  Dec,  B* 

<fh^nm  Wal. 

7.  canadensis  Jfitf.    45 
B.  Mitedru  Mxm  B.  «.  cono- 

dfMii  Hart.  MilL 

8.  sinensis  Desf.      -  46 

B.  vmlgdriM  ThunB. 

9.  du'eis  D.  Don     -  47 

10.  6iixif6Iia  Lam,   -   47 

11.  actinadintha  MartAl 

12.  heterophylla  t7t».   48 

B.  UieiJbUa  Font,  B.  Metu- 
paita  Sm. 

13.  Anpetrifolia  Xam.  48 

14.  dealbata  Lindl.  -  48 

B.glatea  Hoit. 

15.  asiatica  Roxb.  -  49 
Tike  Lycimn  of  Dio§eorfdet: 

B.  Unddria  Lech. :  Ite  AaMm 
Arterry. 

16.  aristata  Dec.      -  49 

B.  CMtrU  JkicA.,  B.  oN^tMt/- 
/Mmi  Basb^  B.  nnimit  Detf. 

(MA«r  5pem»  qf  B^rberls.  —  J9. 
Coriiria  Aoylr,  chinfosb  Gilf.. 
ruMriiblJji  Loin.,  corymb5u 
Hook,  et  Am,.,  glomerita 
An»I.  ««  ilm.,  GreTillMJMi 
GUI. 

II.  VLhu&viA  Nutt.   50 

The  Mahonia,  or  AMhberry./^ 
B^rberit  qf  Amtkon^  OdoUhnan 

1.  fasciculkris  Dec.     50 

Berberis  pinndta  Lag.,  B^r- 
tmriBfauicuidru  Pen.  Cjc. 

2.  i^quifdlium  Nutt.     51 
Birberia  A?v<fafiiHm  Pfa. 

2  nutkana  Z)ec. 

3.  nervosa  Kutt.  -  52 
B€rber1«fi«rvd«aPh.,  M,glU' 

mieea  Dec,  Birberia  gtemdcra 
Pen.  C}C. 

4.  ripens  (r.  Don  •  52 
B^rberis  Aqu(fbliwn  Lindl., 

Berberia  ripen*  Pen.  Cyc,  B. 
Aquif.  ripau  Tor.  *  Grejr. 
2  r.  mscieularis      -  53 

Otker  Sp^e$  <^  Mak^niM. — M. 
tenuifolia,  M.  nepalfaiais,  M. 
ocanthifblia,  H.  <ragacanth6- 
Idea,  M.  caragatuemi^    -  03 

8eet.XZ. 

Carpetta  solitnrvt  oreotmate; 
FUuxnia  parietal  (UUU  Part 


^tke  Capsule  tekieh  tMeSeedt 
are  attacked  to  adhering  to 
theSideeorWaiUo  the  Ovary 
or  Germen\  attached  to  the 
Wait*  or  CeiU  of  the  Ovary. 

CrucidcecB, 
I.  Fe'lla        .        -  53 

The  VelU 
1.  Pseudo-Cytisus  i^.  54 

Creia- Rocket V.  HUegrt- 

fdiia   SaL  :  Fatur-CgUae, 
Stramcharttge  VeUe^  G 

CistacetB* 
I.  Ci'sTUs  X.     -     -  54 

The  Ciituf,  or  Rock  Boee.^ 
HoUy/tote^Genrd ;  Oum  Cittut: 
CisU,  Fr.;  CUten  Bo$e,  Ger.; 
GMo,  Ital. 

1.  purpikreas  Lam.     55 

C.  crmem  Hort.  Kew. 

2.  incanus  L.  '  -  55 
C  dUndu*  Hort.,  C.  cymdna 

Dec. 

3.  corbariensis  Pour.  55 

C.  taMtffUlhu  0  Dec.  C.  po- 
ptU(/dliw  minor  of  some  nurae- 
riea,  C.  h§hridut  Pourr. 

4.  j^opulifolius  L.    -  56 

5.  /aurifoiius  L.      -  56 

6.  ladanfferus  L.     -  57 

L<kUmOt  ItaL 

1  albifldrus  Dec.     -  57 
C.  LcdoM  Clua.  Htot. 

2  maeulAtus  Dee.    -  57 
S  plenifoliiu  Ait,    -  57 

7.  c^^prius  Lam.      -  57 

C.  tadan^frnu  Bot  Mag.,  C. 
ttenopkgUu*  Lk.,  C.  Molicifb- 
Uu$  of  Mme. 

Other  Speciee  of  CUtus.—  C.  he. 
teropnf  lloi,  C.  cr^ticus,  C. 
criipus,  C.  Cupeniftfiwf.  C. 
hirsiitut.  C.  lixus,  C.  Tlliftflus, 
C.  oblongifblius,  C.  undula- 
Utut,  C.  falvlaefbliiu,  C.  longl- 
fdliua,  C.  piilotepalua    -   7b 

11.    HeLIA  NTHEMUM  58 

The  Hellanthemum,  or  Sun 
Ro»e.—CUti'$p.  'L.zHeUanthemet 
Fr.i  Sonnen  Gttrtel,  Ger.;  EU. 
antemo,  Ital. 

1.  vulgare  G^ert.      -  58 

Cittus  Helidnthemttm  L.  ^e. 

farfet/ee.  —  Pale  jellow 
double-flowered,  Lee't  new 
double  jellow. 

2.  surrej&num  Mill.  58 
Cutn*  surrd^tnus  L. 

3.  lerpyllifolium  ilfii/.59 
Cittus  •erpyUifhUut  L 

4.  ffrandifldnim  Dec.  59 
Outae  grand^brm  Scop. 

5.  tatiricuxn  FurA.  •  59 

6.  apenninum  Dec.  -  59 
CittuM  apennhnu  L.,  Cfflttf 

UtpidMaBLam.'.Erba  botton- 
eina,  Itai. 

A  4 


7.  macr&Dthum  iSfi^f.  60 
2  miiltiplex  Swt,     -  60 

8.  can^scens  Sivt.    -  60 

9.  Ayssopifolium  7Vn.  60 

1  crocatum  Swt.     .  61 

2  cCkpreum  Ao/.      -61 

3  multiplex  Swt.    .  61 

10.  scabrosum  Pers,  61 
Ciflw  acabrbnu  Alt. 


OvarlMM  eoiitary;  Placenta 
central,  {The  Column  in  the 
Fruit  to  which  the  Seeds  are 
attached  oentralt  and  not  ad^ 
hertngtotheSideasinSeet.ll.) 

M^alvdcecB. 
I.  fTiBi'scus  L.      -  62 

The  Hibiscus.— J&tomV,  Fr., 
EiUsch,  Ger. ;  Ibisco,  Ital. 

1.  syriacus  L.  -  62 

Alihiea  Friitex:  Xetmie  des 
Jardins,  Fr.;  Syriseher  Eibiach, 
Ger. 

2  foliis  yariegatts  -  62 

3  fldre  variegito  -  62 

4  flore  purp^reo  -  62 

5  fl.  purp.  pldoo  -  62 

6  flore  r^bro    -  -  62 

7  flore  &lbo      •  -  62 

8  flora  &lbo  pUno  -  62 

Tilidce(B. 
I.  Ti'LiA  D.  -    63 

The  Lime  Tree.— I.nM«  Tree, 
Gerard  :  Lind,  Anslo-Sax.  ; 
Tt'Ueul,  Fr.  ;  BasthUtz^  Ger. ; 
Linde,  Ger.  and  Dutch ;  TigUa^ 
Ital.;  2Ylo,  Span. ;  L//M,  Russ. 

1.  europs'a  L.        -  63 

T.  m<«rm«rf^a  Dec,  T.  w/- 
/ri)rr:i  Hayne,  T.  e.  boredUs 
Wahl. 

1  parrifolia  -  -  64 
T.  mtcropA^/la Vent.,  &c. 
T.  «.  ear.  >  L. 

T.  ubn^dlia  Scop. 
T.  sylvtttri*  Desf. 
T.parvHdlia,  Ebrh. 
T.  cori///a  Mill. 

2  grandifolia  -  64 
T.  platypkfUa  Scop. 

T.  cordifblia  Bess. 
T.  europee  a  Desf. 
T.  grandifblia  Sm. 

3  interm^ia  -  -  65 
T.  intermedia  Hayne. 

T.  ^latvphpUa  minor  H, 

4  laciniata  -  -  65 
T.platyph.  laeinidta  Hor. 
T.  akspUnifdlia  n^a  HorL 

5  rCkbra  -  -  66 
T.  ooHnth\aea  Bosc. 

T.  eordUina  Hort.  Kew. 
T. «.  ^  riibra  Sibthorp. 
T.  e.  y  Sm.  Fl.  Brit 
T.  grand^/tUafi  Sm.E.  Fl. 

6  parrifolia  adrea       66 

7  grandifolia  aiirea     66 

0/A«-  Varieties "With  ra- 

riegated  leaTet,  T.  vltUbUa,  cob 


vm 


CONTENTS. 


trUmia.  frandifbllB  8m^  oo- 
nllllna  (ijn.  eurofkt^a  Hook. 
Load.),  mutibllis,  lite  brac- 
teilta,  pr«i*cox,p7nmi(Ulit,iii- 
lermraia,  twiuiRkUa,  obllqua, 
europK^a,  Sm.t  parvi^Ua  Sm., 
argfotaa  (sya.  4lda  W.  A  K.) 

B.(eur.)&lba  W.^IC.  67 

T.  americdna  Da  Rol,  T.  or- 
gfntea  Deif.,  T.  roinHdi/ttia 
Vent.,  T.  tomeiUbta  Mflench. 

3.  americana  L,       •  68 

T.  gtdbra  Vest.,  T.  earoU-. 
M/^iMTWanffenh.,  T.  eatMd6n$i» 
Mxm  T.  glMra  Dec. :  Smooth- 
iMf,  or  btack.  Lime  Tree,  and 
Jisiu  Wood,  Amer. 

8  heterophjlU        -  69 
T.  heteroj&gu  Vent.,  ftc. 
S  &Iba  -  -  69 

T.  dlba  Mx.,  Ac. 
T.  Uu(fidra  Forth. 

4  pub^ens  -  69 

T.  pub^tcent  Ait.,  &c 

leptoph^lla  VenL 


r.  p, 
-fl 


I.  Malachodb'mdron 

Car.  71 
The  Malachodendron.—  £<«. 
ifrda  L*  //jrtir.,  SlewdrtU  L. 

I.  ovatum  Cat>.         -  71 
StndrAaL  peHtagfmia  L*H£rit., 

StewdrAtLMalaehodind.  Miller : 
SUwartia  d  dnq  Styles,  Fr. 

II.  SxuA'RT/il  Cay.  72 

The  Stuartia. 

U  vireinica  Cuv.      -  72 

SiewSrAtkMaUuhodindron  L., 
5l«4rda  marfl4iad/c»Bot.Rep.: 
Stewartia  d  «m  Sfyte.  Ft.;  £«»- 
grifflicke  Stuartie,  Ger. 

III.  Gordo'n/4  EUis  73 

The  Gordonia. 

1.  Lasianthus  L,     -  73 

Loblolly  Bay.  —  HypMeum 
Lasiintkut  L.iGordonia  d 
Feuiitet  fiabree^  rr.;  Lamgetief. 
lige  Goraonie,  Ger. 

2.  pubescens  L*Her,  73 

LacatkeaJIdrUa  89l.,Prank. 
ffnia  ameriedma  Manh. :  IMe 
Frat^kiinia,  Amer. ;  Behaarte 
Qordomit  Ger. 

Uypericdcea:. 
I.  ^ype'ricum  L,    74 

The  St.  John's  Wort.— 
Puga  J>€Bnumiim :  MiUe  Per- 
tuis,  Tr.iJohafMueknnU.t  Ger. ; 
IpericQ,  Ifeal. 

§  L  Afcyrfia  Chois. 

A.  Stglet  comtmnUif  8. 

1.  el^tum  AU,         .  75 

2.  hirdnum  X.        -  75 
TrdHr^itm  Cluf.,  Aftdrofte'- 

MMMi  fo/tidum  Bauh. :  3/0/^ 
pertuu  d  Odeur  de  Bouc,  Fr. 
S  obtusifolium  Z>ffc.  75 


S  minus  i>tfc.         -  75 
B.  Siylee^ommoftUif  0. 

3.  Kaimianttm  L.     -  75 
H.  BarirdnAnm  UilL:  Fir- 

gmia  St.  Jokm'M  Wort. 

4.  Uralum  Ham.     -  76 

5.  calyclnum  L.      -  76 

Androeat^mum  Constantino. 
poUtdnum  Jl,  mde.,  Wheeler** 
Journey:  iAe  latTgeJlwd  St, 
John's  Wort,  the  largC'Jhng 
Tutsan,  the  Terrestriat  Sun, 
Aaron's  Beard:  MiUe  Pertuis 
dgrandes  Fleurs,  Fr.;  Gross- 
biumiger  Johanniskramt,Qer.i 
Jsciro,  Ital. 

§  ii.  Perfordria  Choia. 
A.  Sepals  entire* 

6.  proUficum  L,     -  77 

H.JbUdsum  Jacq.,  H.  KalmL 
inum  JDtt  Boi, 

B.  Sepals  toothed,  usually  with 
the  Teeth  glandular. 

7.  ffmpetrifoliuin  IV,    77 

OM<r  Species  qf  HMrfrfnun.  — 
H.  nepal6nse  Juiyle,  H,  ad. 
pr&sum  Bartr.,H.  rosraari- 
nlfblium  Lam.,  H.  ^alioldet 
Lam.,  H.  facciculit  Lam.  77 

II.  i^NDROSf'MUM  C%.77 
TheAndrotannuin,or7W<aM. 
— .  Uypirieum  L.;  iliMlrofimtf, 
Fr.;  Johamniskraui,  Ger.;  J». 
droseme,  Ital. 

1.  officinale  il/iiiofli  78 
CoramonTutian — Ofmenan 
Italdrum  L'Obel,  Hypericum 
Androsie*mumL.:ParkLeaoes: 
Androsime  officinale, Tr.\Breit' 
blattriges  Joitmniskraut,  Ger.; 
CidUana,  Ital. 


AcercUxtB. 
I.  AcEfL  L,    '       -  79 

The  MM>le,  and  The  Syca- 
more.—  Errahle,  Fr. ;  Akom, 
Ger.;  i<c«fo,  Ital. ;  Arce,  Spun. 

A.  Leaves  simple,   or  only 
sHghtfy  or  oceasiunaUy  toded. 

1.  oblongum  fVaU,      79 

A.  laur^ium  D.  Don  ;  A. 
Buxlmpila  Hamitt. 

2.  tat4ricum  L,       <•  80 

T^rza-ntodon,  orLocust-tree, 
Rofs. 

B.  Leaves  iUtAed,  or  trifidj 
rarely  b-lobed. 

3.  spic^tum  Lam.    -  80 

A.  moii«d»«m  Ait.A.  penn- 
sylvdnicum  Dn  Ko\,  A.  par- 
vyldrum  Ehrh.:  Mountain  Ma- 
ple: E'rable  de  Montague,  Fr.; 
Berg  Ahom,  Ger.;  Acero  di 
Moniagna,  Ital. 

4.  Striatum  L.  -  81 

A.  pennsyladnicum  Lin.  Sp., 
A.  canadhue  Marsh.  ;  Snaae- 
harked  Maple,  ■  Moose  Wood, 
Dog  Wood:  E'rable  jaspi,  Fr. 

C.  Leaioes  h-lobed. 

5.  macrophyUum  Ph,  82 


r  6.0latanolde8l/.    -  83 

VorwayMaple:  Prahleplane, 
or  E'rable  de  Norvege,  Fr.; 
Spitx  Akom,  or  Spitzbtattriger 
Ahom,  Ger.;  Acero  riecio,  Ital. 

2  Lobdln       -         -  83 
A.  LobiRl  Tenore. 
A.  fktotonowl.  Don's  MUL 

3  vari^atum  Hart,  83 
albo-variegdtum  Hayne. 

4  aiireo>var.  Hort     83 

5  laciniatum  />ee.      83 
A.  p.  erlspum  Lauth. 
Eagle's  Claw  Maple, 
Hawk's  Foot  Maple. 

7.  saccli&rinum  L,       85 

Sugar  Maple,  Hard  Maple, 
Bints-eye  Maple  Amer. ;  Aeers 
dei  Canadd,  llal. 

2  nigrum    -  -     85 

A.  s.  fi  nigrum  Tor.  ft  G. 
A.  nigrwm  Mx. 
Mack  Sugar  Tree,  or 
Hock  Maple,  Mx. 

8.  Psei^do-Pldtanus  iS.86 

The  Sycamore,  or  Great  Ma- 
ple, Plane  Tree,  Seotch  ;  E'ra- 
ble Sycamore,  Fr. ;  Ekrenbaum, 
Ger. ;  Acero  Fico,  ItaL 

2  opulifolia  *.        -     86 
A.  opulifbUum  Hort. 

A.  irilobdtum  Hort. 
A.  barbdtum  Hort. 

3  longifolia   -         -     86 
A.  Umgifblium  Booth. 

4  flavo-variegita   -     86 
A  R.  lutiscnts  Hort 
Corstorphine  Plane. 

5  &lbo-variegata     -     86 

6  purpiirea  Hori.  -     86 

(»A«rFanWi«.— HodgkiDs*B 
Seedling,  Hort,  Soc. ;  Leslie's 
Seedling,  Hort.  Soc.  i  A.  P. 
BteD6ptera  Hayne  Dend.;  A. 
P.  macmptera  Hayne  Dend, ; 
if.  Pseud.  micr6ptera  Hayne 
Dend.  -  -       86 

9.  obtusatum  JTtV.  -    88 

A.  Tteapolitdnum  Tenore ;  A. 
h0bridum  Hort.  Soc.  Oard. :  the 
Neapolitan  Maple, 

S  coridceum  -     88 

A.  eoridceum  Bosc. 
S  ib^ricum    -         -     88 

A.  ibiricum  Bieb. 
4  lobatum     -         -     89 
A.  lobdtum  Fitch. 

D.  Leaves  5>  rarely  1-lohed.   . 

10.  O'palus  Ait.      -    89 

The  lUllanMaple.  — A.  ro- 
tundi/bUum  Lam.;  A.  itahtm 
Lauth. ;  A.  vilibsum  PresI ; 
r E'rable  Opale,  Fr.;  Loppo, 
Ital. 

11.  circinatum  PurM  89 

12.  palmatum  Thunb.  90 

13.  erioc6n>um  Mx,    90 

The  White  Maple.— A.  dasy- 
edrpum  Willd. ;  A.  tomentbsum 
Hort.  Par. ;  A.gla^eum  Marsh.; 
A.  virginidnum  Duh.  ;  A.  ri- 
brum  Wangenh.  ;  SOver-ivd,  or 
soft.  Maple,  U.  & ;  Sir  Charles 
Wager's  Maple ;  E'rable  d 
Fruits  cotonneuM,  Fr. ;  Bauher 


CONTENTS. 


IX 


UL 


i 


fviehcs.  —  A.  ooccfnram.  A, 
■Bcrocfcrpmn,  A.  Mrlduzn,  A. 
Ktm,  Ac^  pf  tkc  Kur. 
acnei         .         .        -   M 

14.  rubram  L,         -  91 

L  firgHuintam  Henn.;  A. 
tBoc^ettm  Ait.;  A.  glaiea 
llAnh. ;  A. candimimmnYi alii 
A.  »wi.nvm  Sjiacb:  Sqft 
Mapk,  SKWsqv  Xa^fc. 

3  btermediuin  Lodd.  92 

15.  inon^)essulanuiiLL.92 

A.  fr«ia6Mi  JfoBnch  ;  A.  tfi' 
yMus  Dub.;  A.  trOobatmm 
Lan  :  JVon&neAer  Akom, 
Ger.;  ^crrv  aimorr,  lUl. 

16.  caoip^treX.    -     93 

JOdatr  Atom,  Ger. ;  Gal- 
fcai.  0r  ftfipii,  lul. 

2  fdliB  rariegatis  -     93 

3  bebecarpum  Dec.     93 
A.  eeanUtre  WaUr. 
A  B^  Opiz. 

4  eoliinuin  ffallr.   .    93 
A.tfffme,  and 
A.  iMtrDcarptm  Opix. 

5  siBtrkcuin  Titi/f.     93 
(Ucr  Farietia,  _  jf.  c.  Ic 

T^itoB  lotftf..  ^.  c  n&oum 
LaM^  A.  taiiiicani,  and  A. 
fafndaom       •        .  93 

17.  creticom  L.      -     94 

A.  kelenpksUam  WiUd.;  A. 
ttmpenuems  L.  Man!.;  A. 
«A<B<!ftom  SiUliorp. 

0*«^>rt*f  ^  A*<rr.  —  A. 
«Ukbb  Mx.,  il.  opaliftdium, 
i-  BuatcMe  Aim.,  >I.  par- 
Jwtaa  TcKcci,  J.  gUbnim 
iofT.,  A.  iriparcltum  Nntt. 
mSS^  a.  crandidenCitum 
ywtt.MSS.         .         -94 

II  XsGD-inxtMasn.  122 

T^  NcfOBdo,  or  Aur  EUer.— 
AerrL.-  Negaodium  .R4ffit. 

Ijiaxinifolium  NutL  1 2S 

A'crr  Ncgdndo  £.. 

y.aerrojrfn  Momcb. 

Keg.  dnrrrc-diatKin  JRaio. 

A»k^K4  Mgple. 

BhdkAtA. 

^ratki  Gvtn^rolllioola 

iflppawtrtoag.  Ital. 
ScrtspntnC  Z>o»     122 

3  vidaeeum  J9ool&    123 

ftjer  %cwi..M  caUf&rnicum 
7ir.  4  Gray. 

I -fi'scoLus  JL.    -  124 

9tiamam  Tooni. :  Marronier 
OaAe,  Fr. ;  ffnttaffflnfe,  Ger. 

I-  Hippodistanujn  Zr.  1 24 

MpteUUmmm  rulgdre  Trn. : 
•J^WKT  ^Jbdr.^r.;  Gr- 
*»*«*«<«■*,  G«r ;  Jiar. 
2  ««««,  or  Jppoccastma, 

Sflorepleoo  .  124 

S  a6m>.fBTkg«tiim  1 24 

4  argfotco-tarieg.      124 


5  incisiiin  J9oo<A.       124 
JE.  vplemfdita  Hort. 

Orttfr  Fiorc^J?.  H.  crfg- 
.  pom,  D)gTum,  pne'cox,  stria- 
tum, tortu<»«uiii,  Ac.       -  IM 

2.  (H.)ohioensisAfx.l  25 
JE.  otiohuiM  Llndl.,  ?  JS.  p^ji- 

tfda  Willd.,  JE.  eekinAta  Huhl., 

iE.  if/dArir  Tor.  A  Grajr,  />4via 
I  okmemu   Mx.»    P^triji   gtdbra 

Spacli :  GAib  Suekege,  Fetid 
I  Buckejfe,  Amer. 

j  3.  (H.)  rubic6ndaLi.l26 

I      £.  cirmra   Hort.,  £.  rhtea 

Hort,,  JE,.  coctinea  Hurt.,  S.. 

I  H.  var.  rtt&fctfndian  Schubert, 

;  JE.  'WatMonHnA  Spach  :   Whit- 

ley's  Fine  Scarlet. 

2  rosea         -  .  127 

iE.  rhua  Hort. 

Other  VarieUet.^Vrh\i\ey*t 
New  Scarlet,  iE.  H.  ameri- 
cftoa       -       -        -        -  127 

4.  gUbra  fTi/W.      .  127 
d.  (g.)  p41Iida  »^t//(/.  127 

11.  PaVw  Boerh.  -  128 

Tbe  Paria.— fiiid(rry«.  SinootA. 
fintaed  Horseeke*tnut  Tree. 

1.  rubra  J^i.        -  128 

S/ictdut  Pdvia.  i.,  JE.  Pania 

«  rtora  Hayne,  PdoU  parvi- 

Jtdra    Hort.:    SmaU   Buckeye^ 

Amer. :  Marronier  Pavie,  Fr.  \ 

Marrone  di  Pan,  Ir«L 

2  argiita  (7.  Don  -  129 

3  sublacini4ta  fPa^«.  129 
.£.  P.  jirrrdte  Hort 

4  hikinllis      -         -  129 

P.  hkmiUsG. I>on. 
JR.  kikmUU  Lodd. 

2.  flavai>4-c.  -  130 

X/setdn*  fiava  Ait.,  JE.  /it/M 
Wangfa.,  Piria  l^tea  Polr.  •  /A*- 
SuTMf  Budceye^  the  Big  Buck, 
eye^  Amer. ;  the  YeUno  Horte- 
ckestmU. 

3.  ((.)  neglecta  G.DnA3l 

JE'MCuhuneglicta  Liadl. 

4.  macrocarpa  J^V/r/.  132 
£'«&  p.  nufcrocdrpa  Lodd. 

5.  discolor  5w/.      -  133 

JE'fcii^M  discolor  Ph.,  JE.  P. 
^  discolor  Tor.  &  Gray. 

6.  macrostachya  LoisA^ 

JE'sculus  parvifibra  Walt, 
jE.  maerostdchya  Mx.,  P.  a/6a 
Foir.,  P.  ^tfW/f  Poit,  Macro- 
tkgrttu  discolor  Spacb. 

Other  Kinds  of  Pel^ia^P.  cali- 
f6rQlca  Tor.  4  Gray  {JE'scu- 
Jka  ca^t6mica  Mutt.),  L76afi 
Hort  Soc.  Gard.      -       .  iM 

Sapindaceit. 

I.  KoLRBUTE'R/itf  Lx.  134 
The  Kolreuteria.  _  Sapindus 
tp.  L.  fil. ;  aOrettieria,  Ual. 

1.  paniculata  Laxm.  135 

Saahtdus  ehmfnsis  L.  fil.,  K. 
panAr'nloldet  L'HMt. 


1.  Fi^is  Z.  -        -  136 

The  Grape  Vine.— GAid,  Gel- 
tic  ;  Vid^  Span. ;  Ttgne,  Fr. ; 
Viu,  Ital.  i  >r«n,  Ger. 

1.  vinifera  L.  -  136 

rt^n«,  Fr. }  Gemeiner  Wetn- 
stock,  Ger. ;  ViU  da  Vino,  Ital. 

2  foliis  incanis       •  137 
Miner's  Grape,  or  Miller's 

Black  Cluster  Grape. 

3  fol.  rubesc^ntibus  137 
The  Oarei  Graoe. 

4opiif61.  laciDiosaX.lS7 
Ciotat,  Fr. 
File  d'JSghiiio,  ItaL 

2.  ji!!Abru8ca  L,      -  137 

The  Fox  Grape. —V.  taurina 
Walt.:  Filxiger  fVeisi,  Ger.; 
Abrostme,  Ital. 

FarieUes.  —  Tbe  Isabella, 
Schuylkill  or  Alexander's, 
Cauwba,  and  Bland's     -  137 

3.  estivalis  Mx.    -  137 

The  Grape  Vine V.  vin^era 

atnericdna    Marsh.,   V.   inter- 
midia  Muhl.,  V.palmdta  Vahl. 

4.  cordifolia  Mx»   -  138 

The  ChickcnGrapfc—  V.  indsa 
Jacq.,  V.  vulpma  L.  spec. :  the 
If  inter  Grape,  the  Frost  Grape, 

5.  ripiiria  Mx.        -  138 

The  sweet-scented  Vine.  —V. 
odoratissima  Donn  :  Figrte  de 
Batlures,  Amer. 

6.  vulplna  L.  -        -  138 

The  Bullet  Grape.  —V.  rotun- 
difblia  Mx. :  Muscadine  Grape, 

II.  Ampelo'psis  Mx,  139 

V'Uis  sp.,  Cissus,sp.:  Anwe- 
louide,  lul. 

1.  /icderacea  Mx,  -  139 
FiTe-leared  l*y.—llideraqufn- 

qnefblia  Lin.  spec,  \Uis  quin- 
auejblia  Lam.,  Cusus  hederdcea 
Ph.,  C.  quinquetdlia  Hort.  Par.. 
VW/s  hedur.  Willd.,  Ampeldp- 
sis  qninanejhlia  Hook.:  Ftgne 
lierge,  Fr. ;  Jungfem  Reben. 
Ger. ;  Fite  del  Canada,  ItaL 
2  hirsiita  T.  §•  G>.     HO 

y<  kirs^ta  Donn 

Cisjw  hf cfiT.  /B  hirsila  Ph. 

2.  bipinnata  .il/.r.    -  140 
VJ/i*  flr6dr<ra  Willd.,  V.  W- 

pmnita  Tor.  A  Gr.,  ClwtM  s<6n« 
Pern. :  f //*  dt'l  Carolina,  Ital. 
O/A^rr  5p«aV«  qf  Anme/6psis.  — 
A .  inclM  (  VI//S  f nirifa  N  utt. ) ; 
cordita  JIfdr.  ( Cissta  Ampel6p' 
sis  Pers.,  and  \Uis  indioUa 
Willd.)  ;  capreol&u  G.  Don 

i\i(is   capreoldta  D.  Don), 
L.  b6trya  Dw.        -       -  140 

III.  Ci'ssus  L.       -  141 

The  C\%wi*.—Ampel6psis and 
VUis  in  part. 

1.  orientalis  Lam.  -  141 
The  Ivy  Fine. 

Xanthoxylacete, 
I.  Xantho'xylum  //.  142 

Toothache    Tree.  —  Katnp* 


CON  TENTS. 


mdimUBqftm.:  davaUer,  Fr.\ 
SUUhwekMXt  Ger. ;  Samioittio, 
lUl. 

1.  /raxineum  IVUld,  H2 

Common  Toothache  Tree.  — 
ZanihdJtvlum  ramiflArum  Mx. ; 

2.  mU«  Willd.  Enum. :  Z.  cari- 
A«*MMi  0«rt.,  not  of  Lam. ;  Z. 
americdnum    Mill.  Diet. ;    Z.  j 
cMmi  Hirculit   var,  Lin.  ip.;  ' 
Z.    frtolf7»Mm   HooIl.,  not  of 
Mx. :    ClavaUer  a  FeuiUe*  de  I 
/V^^n^.    Fr. ;  EMcKen-bdHtrigei  \ 
ZakHweMkoU,  Qer. ;    Frassmo  i 
fptiiMo,  Ital.  iPr/cil%r^<A,Amer. 

S  virginicum  -  143  ■ 
X.  vtrfinicum  Lodd.  Cat.  I 
fX.(i.)  triedrjmm.  i 

2.  (/)  tric4r|>uin  Mx.  1 43  | 

Z.C(iro/tiMdjuunLani.,Tor.*  ' 
Gray  {  Fagira  (nuimfWa  Lam. 
111. 

OMer  Slpcefei  qT  XamiMt^lmm. 


_X.  mtte  FraUL,  Aaxlneum  i 
Tor.  ^  Grog.  -       -       -  143  | 

II.  Pte'lea  L,      -  143 
Shrubby  Trefoil.  —  Belli^da 

Adanu :  Ormede  SamariCt  Fr. ; 
Lederbtume^  Ger. 

I.  trifoliata  L.       -  144 

Shrub^   Tr^oil:    Orme  de 

Samarie  d  irou  FemfUea^  Fr. ; 

tUr^bldtirige  LederbUune,  Ger. 

2  pentapbylla  Mun.  144 

S  pub^scens  PurA    144 

Ot*«r  5^ct>«  qf  Vtilea,  —  P. 
Baldwinii  Tor.  ft  Gray  -  144 

III.  AiLjtiJTUs  Desf.  145 

The  AiUnto.  —  'RkiU  Ehrh. : 
Verne  du  Japan.  Fr. ;  GSuer- 
AflMM,  Oer. }  AUantOf  Ital. 

!•  glandulosa  Detf.    145 
if.  prooirm  Sal.,  BAw  Ah»m- 


lodifMlroM  Momch,  R.  coeodf »- 
(frvn  Ehrh.,  R.  sinhue  EUli: 
AMtaMke  glamduleuMt  Fr. ;  c/rii- 
n^tfr  Offttanftawn,  Ger.  i  Albero 
tUParadito,  ItaL 


A^tf  Bfnobasie ;  that  is,  A»- 
uriaTin  a  fieiku  Beeeptade, 
untk  which  the  Style  U  am- 

Coridcea. 
I.  Coria'ria  Niu.    146 

Redoult  Fr. ;  Oerberstrameh, 
Ger. 

1.  myrtifolia  L.      -  146 

Futtet  dee  Carromemrt,  or 
Bedout  a  FemUet  de  Myrte, 
Fr. ;  Myrtenbtdttriger  Gerber- 
strameht  Ger. 

OOrr  5p«t:f>t  qf  Coridria.'^C. 
nepaleniii  fVall.  PI.  At.  Rar., 
C.  sarmentbsa  Font.      -  146 


Subd.  IL   CALYCIFLO^RJB. 


Staphyledcea, 
I.  Staphyle^a  L,    147 

Bladder.Nut  Tree Sta»hy~ 

lodimirtm  Toum. :  Staphaier, 
fame  Patackirr,  Fr.  \  Pimper' 
mmse,  Ger. ;  St^fiUer,  Ital. 

1.  trif6lia  L.  -       -  147 

Siaddfr^Smi  Tree :  Staphilier 
i  Fetulies  temie*,  Fr. ;  Fir- 
ginitche  PimpemmeSt  Ger. 

8.  pinnata  Z>.  -  148 

Staphyludfndrom     pinndtnm 

Rj^:  Staftkttkr  i  Femiifs  aUies 

Fr.  \f^emfine  Pimpemnts  ^Gfr. ; 

Lacrime  diGiobbe.  or  Pittmcehio 

/aiio^  ItaL :  Job'i  Tears. 

Celcistrdcea:. 

1.  Evo'sYUvs  TVn.  149 

Spimtlp  Trr« — fW/im,  Bom- 
mrt  dc  Pi^rt.  or  Bote  d  Lardoire, 
Fr. ;  Sjtindeibmum^  Ger. ;  £90- 
mmto,  ItaL 

K  eurofMpHis  £.    -   149 

E. rmJt^dns MiU.  Dirt. ;  Pn\k' 
fiwiVr,  Gerard;  L«}-»«r  Brrrp, 
D  yirtMtf  ;  GattfrtJff  7V«v  : 
/\o*i/«  d'Smrvpe.  \r. :  Bmmrt 
de  Pretrt  rowMram.  Fr, ;  *r- 
airnif  ^JMMrfW&tnrM,  Ger. ;  &•- 
retu  d»  Prfte,  hal. 

9  Uttfohus  LodLCoLlSO 

S  fol.  Tariegatis  L.C,\^ 

4  fructu  AJbo  I..  C  150 

5  nanus  LodtL  Cat.  ISO 

2.  verrucosus  Scop.    150 

E.  n«r.i^itf>^  Ifpr^ims  Lin.: 

Fr.;     M jrsAf^T    .^*i-J> .?«•», 
Ger.;  fW^TM  MTm\)M«  iLtl. 


3.  Iati»o:ms  C.  B-ish.  130 

R  rtf-.'rsi^wj   rtar.  S.    Lin. : 
nkMra  i  i-*lff*  Frm::ies,  Fr. ; 

G«T. ;  fbMrM  aa^^^^fiMr,  Ital. 


4.  nanus  Bieb.        -  151 
B.  camoisiemm  Lodd. 

5.  atropurpiVeus  Jq,  151 

E.  carolinifnsfs  Marth.,  ?  E. 
lotifblius  Marth. :  BmmimgBmsh^ 
Amer. 

6.  americanus  Xr.    -  152 

B.  sentpernrtns  Martn.«  E. 
attemifbims  Mcrach :  the  Bmm- 
ing  Bmsh,  Siratrberrif  Tree, 
Aner. 

S  angustifoHus       -  152 
•wr.  fi  Tor.  ft  Gray. 
?  E.  amgmstiJbtimM  rursh. 

3  sarmentosua  Nmtt.  \52 
oar.  y  Tor.  ft  Gray. 

4  obovatus  Natt.  -  152 
rar.  i  Tor.  ft  Gray. 

E.  obordtms  Dec.  Prod. 

7.  HaimItonMnMxWl.153 
E.  atropmrpkrtms  Wall.  F1. 

Ind. 

Othfr  Sperfrt  0/  V.m6nymms.'-~ 
E.  Japthitcus  Thumb,.  jap«Sni- 
cus  fNiis  raripgat  is,  garcin  ite- 
I  fblius  AAr6.  grdssos  Ho//., 
micrinthiu  D.  I>tfn.  lOiidus 
D.  DoM,  rcfain^us  ITotf..  tin- 

Sons    tt'aU.,    f\kber    Botb.. 
mhriitu*     WaU.,      Indicos 
,      H'yne^igxas  H*<i//.,  tubcri- 
fl^rus  BimtH/;  ThunWrftamms 
Blume,  peoduluA  IVaU.^  frlgi- 
dus  WaU,       -       -        -  lU 

II.  Cela'strcs  Zr.    154 

Stair    Tire EuonfwtSkles 

Morack :  CfLtstre,  Fr. ;  Cdas- 
Kr,  Ger. 

1.  sdtndens  L,       -  154 

,      Bomrrram  des  Arbrn,    Fr.  j 
I  BatrmmSrJrr.    Ger.  ;     AuUcr- 


Other  Xpftifs  <^  Criistrms C. 

buIUtitt     PImh..     nepAMnsis 

Lodi^  nrncaathilWuft  Lodd.^ 

1  IM 


III.  Nemopa'kthes  154 

IlicHfides  Dum.  Court. 
1.  canad^is  Dec,    155 

Vlee  canadinsis  Mx.,  X./w- 
cieuldris  Rafln.,  IVm  delic6tmla 
Bart.  n.  Vir.,  ?  Prteot  /ftcitfM 
Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  s  Home  d» 
Canade,  Fr. 

Other  Species  nf  Crlastrdce^.^ 
Migtemae  chiUnaU  Dec    155 

KquifolicLceie. 
L  Mroi^ND^f  Jacq.    156 

ritt  Pursb,  OreSphUa  Nntt. 

I.  tnjrrtifolia  Am//.     156 
Vlee  Myrsfmites  Purah.  Ore- 
SphUa  mgrtifiMa  Nutt. 

I II.  TYsx  !».  -  156 

The  HoIIt.— Afvt^nrai  Tni., 
I  G»it. :  /fu«.  Fr. :  StechpalaUp 
I  or  IfrtZt^,  Ger. ;  /Ikv.  Ital. 

A.  Leaoes  spn^f-ioothed. 

:  1.  ylquifolium  L.    -  157 

Cim»»r<m  /i.'Jl.'jr,  Hmh-er,  Hmi- 
frre^  H^J'tr,  Fng. ;  Le  Home, 
Fr.  :  .S  €'chpaJme,  Stechlamh, 
Huise.  i\ri.i/4/.'nt,  J/ffM.Mi«>nk, 
KUn^-bmsch.  Ger.  ;  ScAmU*^ 
har,H'i±^  Dutch  ;  Sttkpaiwie^ 
l>anish  ;  Jermek,  CkristUfru, 
Swedish :  iriK^^wrAW^tf.  Ortro- 
i(/.  PA/if5.  Rius.;  Agrifolio^ 
IxsX. ;  Jcrio,  Span. ;  Azroimho^ 
Port. 

a.  rarieties  detigmmtedjivm  the 

F.^'-m,  Jiagmitmdt;  Tkidtmess, 

'      SHr/joe^  or   Margm  et  the 

2  h^erophyllum  ffir.158 

5  angustifolium  A2.  158 
I      4  latifolium  ^orf.      158 

;      5  alticlereiise  Hort.  158 

6  marpaatum  HrL  158 


CONTENTS. 


XI 


7  liurifolium  Hart.  158 

8  cilUtum  HarL    -  158 

9  ciliatum  minus  Ht,  158 

10  recurvum  HorL     158 

11  serratifolium  Hrt.  158 

1 2  crispum /Toft.    -   158 

13  ferox  Hmrt.         -  158 
Hedgekog  Holly. 
Houx-htrissoHt  Fr. 

14  crassifolium  Hart,  159 

15  sen^acens  Svt.    -  159 

Ix  Varietie*  desipuUed  from  the 
Colours  of  the  Leitf. 

16  dibo-marginatum  159 

17  a{ireo-marginatuml59 

18  albo-pictum  Hort.  159 

19  a{ireo-plctum  Ht.  159 

20  ferox  arg^nteum    159 

21  ferox  aureum  Ht.  159 

c  VarieheM  designate  fixym  the 
Colour  of  the  Fmit. 

22  fructu  luteo  Hrt.   159 

23  frijctu  kXho  HorL   159 

24  fr6ctu  nigro  Hort.\59 

2.  (.1)  baldirica  jD.  160 

The  Minorca  Holly.— I.  hqui- 
Jhlhan  var.  S  I,<azn.  Diet.,  I. 
maderfnttM  WiUdL  EDum. 

3.  op^ca  AU.  -  160 

American  HMj.-'Agrifdttiim' 
pvlgdre  Clajt.  Fl.  yixgin.,  I. 
Atj^ptlium  GroDOT. :  dunkel- 
b&ttrige  Steckpabnet  Get.  ; 
JgrtfiUio  a  PogUe  di  Qmereia, 
Itai. 

2laxifl6ra     •         -  161 
I.  lariflbra  Lam. 
I.  opaca  var.  Nutt. 

3  magelUnica         -  161 

B.  Leava  lootAed,  aerrated^  or 
erenatet  but  not  tpiniy. 

4.  Perado  Ait.        -  161 
I.  maderhm$  Lam. 

5.  Ctunne  Alt.        -  161 

Broad-leaved  Daboon  HoUj.— 
hqvifbtium  Curolfntiue  Catesb., 
I.  caroliniina  Mill.  Diet.  I- 
cassinoldrt  Lk.  En. :  tie  Cos- 
tena  of  the  American  Indians^ 
Rafin. 

6.  angustifolia  WWd.  162 

I.   myrUfbtia  Walt    &c.,    I. 
TOBmartnifiiUa  Lam.  111. 

7.  voraitoria  AU.     -  162 
South  Sea  Tre«.  —  I.  Casslne 

9ira  Walt.,  1.  \^>Aatrina  Jacq., 
Casflne  Per^gua  MUL  Icon.^  I. 
CauitM  Mx.,  I.  rettg0sa  Bart., 
I.  .fyridAna  Lam.  111. :  houjt 
apiitlackiru'jFT.  \  True  Catsinet 
C^a$ina,  Florida;  the  Yapon^ 
Virginia ;  tAe  evergreen  Cas- 
senOt  or  Caskioberry  Btith, 
Eng. 

C.  Leaves  quite  entire^  or 
nearly  so. 

8.  JDahoon  Wall.     -  162 
L  CaMlne  mUd. 


IIL  Pri>*os  L.     -  163 

Winter  Benr Agiria  Adan- 

lon:  Apalaneke^  Fr.  ;   Wmler- 
beeret  uer. 

$  L   Pnuvlde*  Dec 

1.  deciduus  Dec.   -  164 

riex  itrinMes  Ait.  Hort. 
Kew.,  rtex  deddua  Walt.  FL 
Car. 

2.  ambiguus  Mjt.   -  164 

CaMlne  earolsniina  Walt  FL 
Car. 

§  ii.  Ageria  Dec. 

3.  verticillatus  L.  -  164 

P.  fadi/blius  Willd.  Enam., 
P.  GronbvH  Ms..  P.  oonffrtus 
Moench,  P.  wrunifbUus  Lodd. 
Cat. 

4.  laevigatus  Pursh    165 

5.  lanceolatus  Ptir<A  165 
P.  canadhuti  Ljon,  P.  Htd- 

du*  Hort. 

§  iii.    Wintirtia  Moench. 

6.  glaber  L.  -  166 

Ink  Berry ^  Aroer. 

7.  coriaceus  Pursh  166 
P.  g/afer  Wata. 

Varieties. — Learet  broader 
than  those  of  the  ipeciM, 
oboTate-lanceolate  and 
acuminate:  and  leaves 
narrower,  lanceolate,  and 
acute       -        -        .166 

OAer  Species  pf  Prhiar.  —  P. 
dOblus  Q.  Don,  P.  atomiriua 
Nutt 166 

Kham7idce€e. 
I.  Zi'zYPHUS  Tovm.  167 

The  3»^ubB.-^t0ubier,  Fr. ; 
Judeftdom,  Ger. ;  GiuggioiOj 
Ital. 

1.  vulgaris  Lam.    -  167 

Rhamnus  Zizvvkus  Lin. 
Spec. ;  Z.  satlva  Desf.,  not  of 
G«rt.;  Z.  JOJuba  MiU.  Diet., 
not  of  Lam. :  J^fubier  eultivi, 
Fr.;  Brustbeeren,  Ger.;  Giug- 
giolo,  ItaL 

Other  Species  qf  Uxypkms Z. 

sinensis  Lxun..  Z.splna  Chrls- 
tt',  Z.  flexu5»a,  Z.  incdrva  168 

IL  Paliu  Rus  L.      168 

Christ's  Thorn.  —  Paliure^ 
Port-ehapeau,  Fr. ;  Judendom, 
Ger. ;  Paliuro,  Ital. 

1.  aculc4tu8  LaTR.      168 

P.  pitasus  Dum.  Cours.,  P. 
auslrdlis  Gcrt.,  P.  iwi^arif  D. 
Don,  Rh&nmus  "Paliurus  Lin. 
Spec.,  Zixyphus  Vali^rus  Willd. 
Spec.:  Christ's  Thorn,  or  Ram 
qf  Libya,  Gerard:  E'pine  de 
Christ,  Arpalon,Porte-chapeau, 
Fr.  ;  g(^UgrUrr  Judendom, 
Oor. ;  uiuggioio  salvatico,  Ital. ; 
A7(n,  in  the  herb-shops  of  Con- 
scantinopic. 


Other  Species  qfTlez        -  163  I  2.  (»•)  virgatus  Don   169 


III.  BERCBE'H/if  N.  169 
(En6plia  Hedw.  F.  Gen.  and 

Schulc.  Systi 

1.  Tol6bili8  Dec.    -  170 

Bhitmnus  vombilis  Lin.  ill. 
Suppl.,  Jacq.  Ic.  Rar. ;  TAxyphus 
voMilis  Wnid.  Spec ;  (EndpUa 
voliMUs  Schult.  Syst. :  Supple 
Jack,  Virginian. 

IV.  i^HA^HNUS  Lam.  170 

The  Buckthorn.  —  Serprun, 
Fr.;  H^egdom,  Get. ;  Ramno, 
ItaL;  the  Ram,  or  Hart's,  ThorUt 
Gerard ;  Box  Jhom. 

§  L   MareoriUa  Neck. 

A.  A/dtf^mitf  Toum. — lowers 
refemose,  b-ckjft    Evergreen 

1.  illaternus  L.      -  171 

Malimus  VhiU^ea  MilL 
Diet. :  Alatema,  Ital. 

2  bdedricaif.  Par.  171 
R.  rotundifblius  Dum. 

3  hispinica  H.  Par.  171 

4  angustifolia        -  171 
R.  ClksA  Willd. 

5  foliis  maculatia      171 

6  foliisaiireU        -   171 

7  foliis  arg^nteis  -  1 72 

2.  hfbridus  I,'.HCTt^.  172 

R.  iurgundiacus  Hort.  Par., 
R.  sempervhrens  Hortulan. 

B.  "Khdnmus  Dec Ftowers  4- 

Utfl,  in  Fascicles 

a.  SraneUets  terminating  in  a 

Thorn. 

3.  cath&rticuB  L.       172 

The  H'hile  Thorn  of  the  mo- 
dem Greeks. 

4.  tmctor'ms  Waidst.  173 
R.     cardiospirmus      Willd. 

Herb, 

5.  infectoiius  X.     -  173 

^  Avignon  Berry.  —  R.  1/fcium 
Scop.  Cam. ;  Dwarf,  oryellow- 
berried,  Buehthom:  Nerprun 
des  Teinturirrs,  Graine  d' Avig- 
non.  Krrprun  teignant,  Fr. ; 
fBrbender  FFcvriorn,  Ger. ; 
Cervinopin,  ItaL 

6.  saxdtilis  L.        -  173 

R.  longifblius  Mill.  Diet.: 
5<fita  Wegdorut  Oer. ;  Xyob 
Ilaliano,  Ital. 

7.  6uxifbliu8  Poir.  -  173 

?  R.  bttfi^r'aw  Brot.  FI.  Luf., 
Jjfcium  buxtfdtium  Bauh. 

8.  lydoides  L.        -  174 

9.  Er>thr6xylon  P.  174 
2  angustissimum  Dec. 

R.  lycioldes  Pall.  Fl.  Ross. 

b.  Branchlets  not  terminated  by 

Spines. 

10.  dahuricus  Pa//.    174 

11.  a\mfb\m%L'Her.  175 

2  franguloldes  2)ec.  175 
B.frangulS\des  Mx. 

12.  alp!nus  L.        -175 
2  grandifolius        -  176 


CONTENTS. 


mdntaaiBqfin. :  CiavaUer^  Ft.  ;  i 
ZaknwekJMz,  Get. ;  SantoisiiOy 
Ital. 

l./raxineum  WUld,  142 
(5ominon  Toothache  Tree.  — 
ZantMdxulum  ramiflArum  Mx. ; 
Z.  mt/tf  willd.  Enum. ;  Z.  caW- 
ba^um  Gcrt.,  not  of  Lam. ;  Z. 
americdnum  Mill.  Diet.  ;  Z. 
cliLva  Hirculh  var.  Lin.  tp.; 
Z.  tricdrpum  Hoolc.,  not  of 
Mx.:  aavaiier  a  FeutUes  de 
FrhUy  Fr. ;  Eichen-bldUriges 
ZaAnwekkottt  Ger.  ;  Fraumo 
fpinofo.Ital.  i  Prickly  AA^hxaer. 
2  virginicum         •  143 

X.  virfimctfm  Lodd.  Cat. 

fX.  (I.)  tricdrpum. 

2.  (/.)  tricarpum  Mx.  1 43 

Z.  caroUfUtnum  Lam.,  Tor.  ft 
Gray:  FagirafrArm{/dAaLam. 
111. 

OM^r  5/wctet  q^  Xamhdgyiwm. 


~X.  mite  HYiVd,  yt-axineum  i 
Tor.  4-  Gr<v.  -       -       -  143 

IL  Pte'lba  L,     -  143 

Shrubbv  Trefoil.  ^  BellQda 
Adam* :  urmede  Samarie^  Fr. ; 
Lederblmne^  Ger. 

1.  trifoliata  L.       -  144 

Shrubby  Tr^ott :  Orme  de 
Samarie  d  trots  FeuiUett  Fr. ; 
dreyb&tirige  Lederbhune^  Ger. 

2  pentaph^ila  Mun.  144 

3  pub^scens  Pur$h    144 

0<A«r  5p«ci«  q^  Ttilea.  —  P. 
Baldwin/!  Tor.  ft  Gray  -  144 

III.  AuLtNTUsTyesT.  145 

The  Ailanto.  —  HMt  Ehrh. : 
Verne  du  Japon^  Fr. ;  GStter- 
baumt  Ger. ;  JUanto,  Ital. 

1.  glandulosa  Desf.    145 
J.  prooira  Sal.,  RA«  AvpM- 


lodf«tf»v«  Moencb,  fLcaeodh^ 
dron  Ehrh.,  R.  cMiwe  Bills : 
AyUmihe  glmtduletUt  Fr. ;  drU- 
s&er  GStterbamm,  Ger. ;  Albero 
diParadiio,  ItaL 

8eot*  ZV. 

P^ruit  an*oban'es  that  A,  A»- 
terteain  a  fleshy  Reoepiade, 
with  which  the  Style  a  amf 
timtous, 

Coridcede* 

I.  CORIA^RIA  Niu.    146 
Redoult  Fr. ;  Gerberstraweh^ 
Ger. 

1.  myrtifoUa  L,      -  146 

Fustet  des  Corroyeurs^  or 
Redout  d  FeuiUes  de  Myrte, 
Fr. ;  Myrtenbldttriger  Gerber^ 
stnmcht  Ger. 

Other  Spea'es  qf  Coridria.  —  C. 
nepalfeniis  fVail.  PI.  As.  Bar., 
C.  larmentbM  Porst.      -  146 


Subcl.  II.   CALYCIFLO^RiE. 


StaphyUacede, 
I.  Staphyle^a  L,    147 

Bladder.Nat  Tree Staphy- 

lodindron  Toum.  :  Sfaphilier^ 
faux  Pistachier,  Fr. ;  Pimper' 
mus,  Ger. ;  StttflUer,  Ital. 

1.  trifdlia  L.  -       -  147 

BLtdder-Nut  Tree :  StaphUier 
i  FeuiUes  temies,  Fr. ;  Vir- 
ginische  PimpemusSf  Ger. 

2.  pinnata  L,         -  148 

Staphyladindron  pinndtum 
Ray :  StapMUer  d  Femlles  aiUes 
Ft.  i  gemeine  Pimpemuss,Ger. ; 
Lacrime  di  Giobbe,  or  Pistacehio 
/alto,  ItaL  :  Job's  Tears. 

Celastrhcea. 
I.  ^uo'nymus  Tm,  149 

Spindle  Tree. — Fusain,  Bon- 
net de  Pritre,  or  Bois  d  Lardoire^ 
Fr. ;  Spindelbaum^  Ger. ;  Evo- 
nimo,  ItaL 

1.  europseVs  L,    -   149 

E.  vulgdris  MiU.  Diet. ;  Prick- 
timber,  Gerard;  Louse  Berry, 
Dogwood;  Qatteridge  Tree: 
Fusain  d'Europe,  Fr. ;  Bonnet 
de  Prftre  commun,  Fr. ;  ge- 
meine Spindeibaum,  Ger.;  Be- 
retle  di  Prete,  Ital. 

9  latifolius  Lod.Cat.150 

5  fol.  variegatis  L.  C.  1 .50 

4  fr6ctu  ilbo  L.  C.  150 

5  nanus  Loaid.  Cat,  150 

2.  verrucosus  Scop.    150 

E.  europteSu  Irprbsus  Lin. : 
Fusain  gateux^  Ou  verruquetix, 
Fr.;  Warziger  Spindeibaum, 
Ger.;  Fusaria  verucosa,  Ital. 

3.  latifolius  C.  Batth.  150 
E.  europa^'vs  wmt.  2.   Lin.: 

Fusain  d  targes  FeuiUe*^  Fr. ; 
breitUdUriger  Spindeibaum, 
Ger. ;  Fusaria  maggiore,  Ital. 


4.  nanus  ^t?5.        -  151 

E.  cauc&sicum  Lodd. 

5.  atropurpureus  Jq,  151 

E.  carolinitnsis  Marsh.,  ?  E. 
latifblius  Blarsh. :  BumingBush, 
Amer. 

6.  americanus  £.    -  152 

E.  semperHrens  Marsh.,  E. 
altemifbtitts  Monich :  the  Bttm- 
ing  Bush,  Strawberry  Tree, 
Amer. 

2  angustifolius       -  152 
var.  ft  Tor.  ft  Gray. 

?  E.  angustiJbUus  Pursh. 

3  sarmentosus  Nuti.  152 
var.  y  Tor.  ft  Gray. 

4  obov&tus  ^vtt,  -  152 
ear.  Jt  Tor.  ft  Graj. 

E.  obovdius  Dec.  rrod. 

7.  HamiltontflnwWl.153 
E.  atropurpUreus  Wall.  F1. 

Ind. 

Other  Species  qf  Y,u6nymus.  — 
E.  jap6n!cus  Thunb.,  jap<Sni- 
cus  fuiis  TariogdtiSt/rarCTnic- 
fblius  Roxb.,  gr6ssus  WalL, 
mierfinthus  D.  Don,  lOcidus 
D.  Don,  echlnitus  Wall.,  tln- 

Sens  Wall.,  glkber  Roxb., 
mbrlitus  WaU.,  Indicus 
Hfyne^kgUM  WaU.,  subtrl- 
flin-us  Blume,  Thunberg/dnau 
Blume,  p^ndulus  WcM.^  frlgi- 
dus  WaU.       -       -        -  153 

11.  C7ela^strus  L,    154 

staff  Tree.  —  EuonymSUes 
Moench  :  Cilastre,  Fr. ;  Celas- 
ter,  Ger. 

1.  sdindens  L.       -  154 

Bourreau  des  Arbres,  Fr. ; 
BaummSrder,  Ger.  ;  Bitter' 
sweet.  Waxwork,  Amer. 

Other  Species  of  CelSstrus.  —  C. 
bulliUus  Pluk.y  nepaltesls 
Lodd.,  0yracanthifbUufi  Lodd., 

154 


III.  Nemopa'nthes  154 

JUcilMes  Dum.  Coura. 
1.  canadensis  JOec,    155 

Vlex  canadensis  Mx.,  N.fas- 
ciculdris  Raftn.  V/ex  deticlUula 
Bart.  Fl.  Vir.,  ?  Trhtos  Htddus 
Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  t  Houjt  du 
Canade,  Fr. 

Other  Species  of  Celastrdeete.— 
Mdytenm  ehU6nsls  Dec.    165 

Kquifolihcece. 
L  Mygi'^nd^  Jacq.    156 

l^lex  Purth,  OreSjAHa  Nutt. 

I.  wiyrtifolia  NtUt.     156 

tlex  Myrstnites  Pursh,  Ore- 
6phiia  voyrtifbUa  Nutt. 

II.  Tlex  L,  -  156 

The  Holly— A^wCri^/wm  Tni., 
Gtert. :  Houx,  Fr. ;  Stechpaime, 
or  Heilse,  Ger. ;  lUce,  Ital. 

A.  Leaves  spiny-toothy 

1.  .^quifolium  L,    -  157 

Common  ZTo/Zy,  Hulver,  Hut- 
fere.  Holme,  Rng. ;  Le  Houx, 
Fr. ;  Stechpaime,  Steehlauh, 
Hulse,  Chriitdom,  Mausdom, 
Kleexebusch,  Ger.  ;  Schubbig 
hardkelk,  Dutch  ;  Stikpaime, 
Danish  ;  Jemek,  Chnsttom, 
Swedish:  Waefbseheld,  Ostro- 
kqf,  Padub,  Russ. ;  Agri/biio, 
Ital. ;  Acebo,  Span. ;  j4z«vttiAo. 
Port. 

a.  Varieties  designated  flrom  the 
Form,  Magnitude,  Thickness, 
Surface,  or  Margin  qf  the 
Leaf. 

2  hetcropbylJum  Ht.  158 

3  angustifolium  JJt.  158 

4  latifolium  llort,     158 
Water  HoUy. 

5  altacler^nse  Hort,  158 

6  marginatum  /fr<.  158 


CONTENTS. 


Xi 


7  Irarifafiom  Hori.  158 

8  dliatom  HarL    -  158 

9  eUiatum  minus  ^Tf.  158 
lOTccuTTum  Hart  158 
11  ferratifoliinn  Hr£.  158 
li  cnspnm  Hort    -   158 

13  lerox  Bart.         -  158 

Hotu-khtMsen,  Fr. 

14  crassifoliam  Hart.  159 

15  KD^scens  Sv<.    -  159 

h.  forutref  d^njpiofrrf  from  the 
CUoun^tkeLt^. 

16  tibo-nuirgtnatuTn   159 

17  aureo-inargtnatuml59 

18  albo-pictum  Hort.  159 

19  aureo-pictum  Ht.  159 
SO  fiiox  argenteum  159 
ii  feroi  aureum  HL  159 

c  VariOia  daiguated  firam  the 
Cokmr  of  Ike  FrmU. 

22  fruetu  luteo  HrL   159 

53  fructtt  flbo  ^orf.    159 

54  fructa  Digro  ^or^  159 

2.  (.f)  bdedrica  D,  160 

Tbe  kfaMKrai  HoUy.—L  Afvi- 
;UiiB>«  rar.  )  Lcm.  Diet.  I. 
mmktimm  WilkL  Emim. 

3.  opaca  Aii.  -  160 

Aioesicao  HcSlj.—Agrf/Mimm' 
ta^ifv  Clajt.  Fl.  VirglD..  I. 
Aam^feUmm  Grooov. :  dunJtei- 
h&Ur^^  Sleekmalme,  Ger.  ; 
Jgr^atia  a  Fog/tie  4»  QMerda, 
Icai. 

Slaxlflora     .         -  161 
L  fanfCsraLam. 
I.  iipsra  Mtr.  Nutt. 

3  maizeilanica         -  161 


B.  Leawct  looAed,  aerratedt  or 
errmate,  bml  not  tping. 

4.  Perado  Alu        -  161 
I. 


5.  CatstneAiu  -  161 
Broad-leaved  Daboon  HoUj. — 
AfsiifMna*  Cmroimhue  Catetb., 
1.  orB/nudiNi  Mill.  Dkt.  I. 
t»namoaan  lJk.£.n.:  ike  Cob- 
^  tke  Amerieem  IndUaUt 


6.  angostifolla  WUId,  162 

L  i^rttjbtia  Vfalt    &c.,   L 
niiwiMj  lUt/tUa  Lam.  lU. 

7.  Tomitoria  AU.     -  162 
SooUi  Sea  Tree.  —  I.  Cautne 

•rrs  WalL,  L  l^^irma  Jacq.. 
Casque  Perigua  MilL  Jean.,  T. 
CoMtina  Mx^  L  reUgibea  Bart., 
L^jrtfdaa  Lam.  lU.:  ffocu 
ayirfnr*iiif|,Fr. ;  Trme  Canine^ 
C^aiaa,  ^orida ;  tke  Yapon, 
tffrpnia;  tke  ewrrgreem  Cos- 
or    Caakioberrjf    Busk, 


C  Lemes  quite  entire,  or 
nearlfso, 

8w  Dahoon  Wall.     -  162 
L  Canine  WiOd. 


OikerSpcdaqfTtex 


-  163 


III.  Pri>«os  L.     -  163 

Winter  Berrr. — Agiria  Adan- 
sod:  Jpalancke,  Fr. ;  IVinter- 
beere^  Ger. 

§  L   Vrinindes  Dee. 

1.  deciduus  Dec.   -  164 

tlex  yrinijUdes  Alt.  Hort. 
Kew.,  TU*  ieadua  Walt.  FL 
Car. 

2.  ambiguus  3fr.   -  164 

Casdne  carofiiu'diM  Walt  FL 
Car. 

§  ii.  Ageria  Dec. 

3.  verticillatus  Zr.  -  164 

P.  ^adifdlitu  Wllld.  Enum., 
P.  Grondvil  jtfjr.,  P.  eonffrhu 
Moeach,  P.  wtmifiUiut  Lodd. 
Cat. 

4.  laevigatus  PurtA     165 

5.  lanceolatus  PurrA  165 

P.  canaaknm  Ljon,  P.  Ikd- 
dm»  Hort 

§  ill.    fFintSrUa  Moench. 

6.  glaberL.  -  166 
Jnk  Berry t  Axner. 

7.  coriaceus  Pwnh  166 
P.  gOber  Wats. 

Varietiet — Leavet  broader 
than  thow  of  the  species, 
obovate-lanceolate  and 
acuminate:  and  leaves 
narrower,  lanceolate,  and 
acute       <-        -        -  166 

Otker  Species  qf  Trinog.  —  P. 
dOblus  G.  Don,  P.  atomirlua 
Nutt 166 

^RJiamiiocece. 

I.  Zi'zYVHVsToum,  167 
The  Jaixiba.—JHfukier,  Fr. ; 
Jadendom,    Ger. ;     Gtuggioio, 
Ital. 

1.  Tulgaris  Lam,    -  167 

Bkkmnus  ZisMpkut  Ltn. 
Spec. ;  Z.  saUva  Desf .,  not  of 
Gart.;  Z.  Ji^uba  MiU.  Diet,, 
not  of  Lam. :  Jujubier  etdtivt^ 
Fr. ;  Brtutbeeven^  Ger. ;  Giug- 
gioto,  ItaL 

Otker  Spedet  of  Zts^fpkus Z. 

sinensis  Lam.,  Z.splna  Chris- 
ty, Z.  flexubMi,  Z.  Incdnra  168 

IL  Paliu'rus  L,      168 

Christ's  Thorn.  —  Paliure, 
Pori-chapeenty  Fr. ;  Judendom, 
Ger. ;  Paliuro,  Ital. 

1 .  aculeatus  Zram.  168 
p.  pftastis  Dum.  Cours.,  P. 

auUrdlts  Geerl.,  P.  bulgitris  D. 
Don,  BAamflitf  "Paliiirus  Lin. 
Spec.,  Zih^Am  PalArus  Willd. 
Spec. :  CArisft  Tkom,  or  Bam 
&r  Libya,  Gerard :  E'pine  de 
Christ,  Arpalan^Porte-chapeau, 
Ft.  ;  g^UgfUer  Judendom, 
Ger. ;  Givggiolo  saivatioo,  Ital. ; 
X//n,  In  the  herb-fthops  of  Con- 
stantinople. 

2.  (a.)  virgatus  Don  169 


in.  Bbrchb^aiN.  169 

(EnApUa  Hedw.  F.  Gen.  and 
Scholt.  Syst. 

].  voldbOis  XXfc.    -  170 

fUiAnmus  uoMOis  Lin.  fil. 
Suppl.,  Jacq.  Ic.  Bar. ;  Zix§fpku$ 
ooAlbms  Waid.  Spec. ;  (Enbptia 
eo/ftAilM  Schult.  Syst.:  Supple 
Jack,  Virginian. 

IV.  /7ha'mnus  Lam,  170 

The  BuclLthom.  —  NffyTinm, 
Fr.;  fVegdom,  Ger.  ;  Ramno, 
Ital. ;  Ike  Ram,  or  Hart 's.  Thorn, 
Gerard ;  Box  Thorn. 

§  L   Mareorilla  Neck. 

A.  hlaUmusTwxra. — Ftowers 
rMxmose,  b-dtft    Evergreen 

1.  illat^rnus  L.      -  171 

Alatfmus  Tkitl^a  MUL 
Diet. :  Alatema,  Ital. 

2  bale4rica/f.  Par.  171 
R.  roiund(fbiius  Dum. 

3  hisp&nica  H,  Par.  171 

4  angusrifolia        -  171 
R.  ClksA  WiUd. 

5  folils  maculatis      171 

6  folils  a(ireis         -  171 

7  folils  arg^nteis  -  1 72 

2.  hfbridus  VHerit.  172 

R.  ourgundiOGus  Hort.  Par., 
R.  sempervirens  Hortulan. 

B.  Bk&nmus  Dec. — Flowers  i- 

cl^l,  in  Fascicles 

a.  Braneklets  terminating  <■  a 
I%om. 

3.  catb&rticus  L.       172 
The  Hkite  Tkom  of  the  mo- 
dem Greeks. 

4.  tmctonus  Waidst,  173 
R.     cardiosphvnis      Wllld. 

Herb. 

5.  infectorius  L.     -  173 

Avignon  Berry.  —  R.  L0cium 
Scop.  Cani. ;  Dwarf,  oryellow- 
:    iiet 


berried.  Buckthorn, 
des  Teinturiers,  Grained^ Avig- 
non, Nerprun  teignant,  Fr. ; 
fHrbender  Wegdom,  Ger. ; 
Cervinopin,  Ital 

6.  saxiitilis  L,        -  173 

R.  tongifblius  Mill.  Diet.: 
Stein  Wegdom,  Ger.  j  Lycio 
Italiano,  Ital. 

7.  Juxifolius  PofT.  -  173 

?  R.  huxifblius  Brot.  Fl.  Lus.. 
'Lficium  buxifbiium  Bauh. 

8.  /ycidldes  Zr.        -  174 

9.  Er>thr6x>lon  P.  174 
2  angustissimum  Dec, 

R.  \ycioldes  Pall.  Fl.  Ross. 

b.  Branchlets  not  terminaied  by 
Spines. 

10.  dahiiricus  Pa//.    174 

11.  a\mfd\iu8VHer.l75 

2  franguloides  Z>ec.  175 
R./ran|f«ZoU<«»  Mx. 

12.  alpiDus  JS.        -  175 
2  grandifolius        -  176 


Xll 


CONTENTS. 


13.  pumilus  jL.       -  176 

R.  mptttri*  Scop.  Carn.: 
Ranno  spaecasastit  lUl. 

§  iL  Frangvkt  TouriL 

14.  carolini^nus^a/:;.176 

15.  FrangulaZr.     -  177 

Berry-bearing  Alder  i  Ner- 
prun  Bourghte,  Atme  noi'r,  Fr. ; 
glntier  Wegdom,  Ger.;  AIno 
nero,  lul. 

2  aogustifdlia  JBbrt  177 

16.  latifdlius  I/'/Z^r.  177 

Otker  SpecieM  qf  HAijnnut.— 
R.  persicifblius  Bert,  R. 
ffmygd&Unus  De^.,  R.  pru- 
nilDllai  6'm.,  R.  Slbthoip- 
idmu  Schult.  (lyn.  R.  pubis, 
eem  Sibth.  Fl.  Gnec.),  R. 
Funhidnut  Dec.,  (syn.  R. 
tdnfJbUu*  Punh,  not  of  L* 
H^rltler),  R.  olelfbUus  Hook., 

B.  umbftlUUus  Cav.  Icon.,  R, 
ftturlfbUus  yult..  R.  cr6ceiu 
^tfft.,  R.  lanceoUtui  Pursk, 
R.  parYlflyliut  Tor.  %  Qratf, 
R,  rerrugineuB  NutL,  R.  csSi- 
fdniicus  Esck.f  R,  texfosii 
Tbr.  ^  Grt^f,  R.  pubiuent 
Fi,  Qnec,        .       -       -  178 

V.  Collb't/j*  Com.  178 

BMdmnui  in  part 

1.  hdrndfi  LinM.  -  179 
C./irwe  GiU.  ct  Hook. 

Other  Species  qf  Coliitla,  —  C. 
splndsa,  C.  ttlfcina,  C.  ephe- 
dra f^t-nt.  Ckoix  (sjrn.  llA&tn- 
tuu  E'phedra  Domb.,  Rcta- 
nilla  E'phedra  Brong.)  .  179 

VI.  CeanoVhosL.  180 

Red  Root. — BAumnus  species 
L. :  Ceanothe,  Fr. ;  iiakeb' 
baum,  Ger. ;  Ceanoto,  Ital. 

1.  americanus  L,   -  180 

Red  Root,  New  Jersey  Tea. 

2  Pitcheri  Tor.  &  Gray. 

3  herbiceusT.  &  G.  180 
C.  perhmis  Pursh. 

C.  otfdtus  Desf. 

4  intermedius  T.G.  180 
C.  intermedius  Purth. 

2.  aziireuu  Detf,     -  180 

C.  cteriUeus  La(c.  Gen.  et 
Spec.,  C.  bicotor  Willd.  in  Schlt. 
8jtt. 

2  inter ra^dius        -  181 
C.  intermedius  Hort. 

3.  thyrsMoruB  Etch,  181 
C:    omUm  ey^jamt    Booth, 

Baumann,  &c. 

4.  velutlnus  Doug,     181 

5.  coilinus  Z)o»g.       182 

Other  Spedes  qf  Ceanbthus.^ 
C.  oTMis,  Q.  unguineiu,  C. 
orngknus,         -       -       -  183 

Homalindcea, 
L  Aristote'l/^  H.  182 
1.  Mdcqid  L'Herit.  182 

il.  glonduibsa  R.  &  P..  i<. 
Ificqui  m  i>rc.  JProtf. 

2  foUis  variegatis      183 


Other  Species  of  AriUati&aL. " 
Az&ra  dentku  R.  kP.,  Atixa 
integrifblU      -       -       -  184 

Anacardidcece. 
I.  Pista'cia  L,     -  184 

The  PUtachia TerebMhus 

Jus*. 

1.  vera  i.      -        -  185 

T.qfflcindrum  Hort.  Kew. : 
Pistachier,  Fr. ;  Pistaxiem- 
bourn,  Ger. ;  Pistacchio^  ItaL 

2  trifolia  JLin.  ^/>ec.  185 

3  narbon^nsis  j9.  Af .  185 
P.  reticuUUa  WilUL 

2.  Terebinthus  X.     185 

Venetian, or  Chian.Turpentine 
Tree.  —  Tereblnthus  vulgdris 
Toum.,  P.  v^ra  Mill.  Diet: 
Pistaehier  Teribinthe,  Fr. ; 
Terpentin  Pistacie,  Ger. ;  Tere- 
bfnlo,  Ital. 

2  spbsroc&rpa  2>^.  185 

3.  Zrentiscus  L.     -  186 

The  Mastic  T^ee:  Como  copra, 
Ital. 

2  angustifolia  Z)ffC.  186 
P.  massiliinsis  Mill.  Diet. 
P.  ang.  massUiin.  Toum. 

3  chUN.DuHam,  186 
P.  ch\a  Desf.  Cat.  H.  Par. 

Other  Species  qf  Fistdaa.—P. 
atUintlca  1)^4/:  -       -  186 

II.  Buv'sL,  -  186 

The  Sumach.  -^  Sumac,  Fr. ; 
Stsmaeh,  Ger. ;  Rii,  ItaL 

§  i.  CStinus  Toum. 

1.  C6tinus  L.         »  187 

Venetian  Sumach.  —  Cdtinus 
CoK^grta  Scop.  Carn.,  Moench 
Mcin.,  Cdtinus  eoridcea  Duh. 
Arb  :  Venus  Sumach,  Fenice 
Sumacht  Wild  Olive :  Sumach 
Ftatet,  or  Arbre  out  Pirwrues, 
Fr. ;  PerUcken  Sumach,  Ger. ; 
Scotano,  ItaL 

§  ii.   Sdmach  Dec, 

2.  typhlna  L,         -  187 

Stag^  Horn  Sumach.— R.  vir- 
ginidna  Bauh.  Pin. :  Virginion 
Sumach :  Somaeeo  pdosc^  ItaL 

1  arborescens         -  188 

2  firut^scens  -  188 

3  viridiflora  -  188 
R.  viridifldraJ?oit. 

3.  glabra  L,  -  188 
Scarlet  Sumach. 

1  hermaphrodita  188 
R.  ir'd^a  Willd.  Spec. 

2  dioica        -        -  188 
?3  cocclnea  -  -  188 

R.  carolinidnum  MilL  D. 
R.  ilcgans  Ait.,  Lodd.  Cat. 

4.  venenata  Dec,  -  189 
Poison  Wood,  or  Swamp,  Su- 
mach.— R.  vfmix  Lin.  Sp..  Big. 
Med.  Bot  I  Toxieodhtdron  pin- 
ndtum  Mill.  Diet :  Poison  Su- 
mach, Poison  Elder. 

5.  Coriarialr.  -  189 
The  Elm-leaved  Sumach:  Su- 


mac des  Corroj/eurStTr.',  Gerber 
Sumach,  Get.  ;  Somaeeo  iZM. 
Ital. 

6.  copallinaL.     -     190 

Mastwk-4ree'ieeved  Smnack. 
2  leudtntha  Jocg.      190 

7.  Toxicodendron  L,  190 

R.  Toxicodfndron,  and  R.  ra- 
dicans  L.,  Dec.,  Don'i  MiU.,ftc. 

1  guercifdliutn  7.^  C?.  1 90 

R.  T.  fi  querci/blium  Mx. 

2  radicans  T,  ^  G,  191 
R.  T.  m  mdgdre  Mz. 

R.  7.  fi  radieans  Tbr. 

3  microcdrpon  T.  j-  (?.  1 9 1 

R.  r.  9^  microedrpon  Mx. 

§  iii.  LMdium  Dec 

8.  aromaticum  Ait,      191 

R.  suaviolens  Alt,  R.  trifoll. 
dta  Lodd.  Cat,  R.  canadinsis 
Marth.,  Lobddium  aromaticutn 
Raf.,  TurpUtiSi  Rqf.,  SchmAhi^ 
Desv.,  tHjfrica  trifolidta  Hort. 
Toticodindron  crendtum  Mill. 
Diet. 

Other  Species  qf  RMSt R.pb' 

mila  Mg.,  R.  diveratloba  Tor. 
A  Gray  (R.  lobdta  Hook.). 
A.  trilobkta  ^tfttl,  Jt.  ia&rina 
NuU.  .  -  192 

III.  DuvAU'^  Kth.    192 

Schhtus  sp.  Andr.,  Amuris  sp. 
Car. 

1.  dependens  Dec,      192 

Amyris  polyoma  Car.  Ic. 
Schinus  dephwUns  Ort.  Decad., 
DwfoH^  depindens  m  Hook. 
Bot.  Misc. 

2.  ovata  Lindl,    -      193 

3.  latifolia  GUI,    -     193 

D.  dephidens  y  Hook.  Bot. 
Misc. :  Huinghon,  Chili. 

Other  Species  qf  Dwtaitk D. 

dentilta  Dee.  {Sehtnus  denldta 
Bot.  Rep.),  D.  shiuita  Lindl, 

Legumindcece, 

Sect.    I.     SOFSdREM, 

L  SOPHO^RA  R.  Br.    195 

Sopfabrae  spec.  Lin.  Gen. :  50- 
phore,  Fr.  and  Ger. 

1 .  jap6nica  L,         -  1 96 

S.  sinica  Rosier  Joura.  Phya. 

2  varicgata  Hort.       1 96 

3  p^ndula  HoH.     -  196 

2.  heptaphjlla  L,   -  197 

II.  Virgi'lw  L.  -  197 
1.  lutea  Mx.  -  198 

YeOow  Wood. 
III.  PiPTA'NTHUS  S,  198 

1.  nepalensis  Stvt,  -  199 
Therm6psis^  lahum^fbb'a    D. 


Don,  Anof^is  indtca  Wall 
MS.,  BapUsia  nepalinsis  Hook. 
Ezot  FI. 

Sect.  II.  Lo'TKJt, 
IV.  U\kxL,     -      199 

Tne  Fune — Akmc,  Fr. ;  Heck' 
•— *,  Ger.  i  Ulice,  Ital. 


CONTENTS. 


xw 


nUa  HDl.  Dkt.,  R.  imiermtdta 
Soolange-Bodin. 

4.  hispida  L.         -  836 

Rom  Acada.  —  R.  Tb$ea  N. 
I>n  HanLj  R.  momtdma  Bartr. 
Voy.,  M$ditfm6meme  Mapidm 
Roxb. 

3  nkaa,  Dee.  -         -  237 

3  rdsea  Punk        -  237 

4  macTophf  11a  Dec.  237 
A  grtindifidra  Hort. 

XIII.  Cili?.<(5-4^iV:4L.237 
Siberian  Pea  Tree — RMnAM 

1.  arbor^scens  Lam.  237 

ilofrmia  Caragina  Urn.  jjp., 
>r.  D«  Ham.y  Fail.  Fl.  Rou. ; 
Cun^aa.  siMriea  Rvr:  Ancm^ 
^cacfe  d«  SOMe,  RobnUe  de 
SibMe,  Jrbre  atu  Pots  de* 
Rtuset,  Fr. ;  Sibiritehe  Erb- 
temtamntf  Germ. ;  QproeMkt 
Bum. 

2  indrmis  Hort,     -  S38 

2.  (a.)iiA^afiaPoir.238 

JSoMffia  Altagina  Poff.  #1. 
Jion.,  VBirit.  8tirp.\  Cara- 
gi^a  mieropk^tta  Lun.  Diet. 

3.  (a.)  microph^llaZ).238 

JZoUnSa  micrvpA£Ua  PaU.  Fl. 
Boss.,  CaragiDa  Altagina  var. 
Poir.  Suppl. 

4.  (a.)  Reddwski  D.  238 
2  pm'coz  /tscA.  -  239 

5.  (a.)  aren&ria  IXmn  239 

6.  irat^ceDS  Dec.     239 

RoMmia,  fruKsetna  Lin.  Sp., 
Pall.  Fl.  Rost.s  C.  digUdia 
Lon.  Diet. 

1  latiioliA     -         -  239 

2  angnstifdlia        -  239 

7.  (f.)  m6lli8  Best.    239 
JioftMa    mtSUii    Bleb.    Fl. 

Taur.  Soppl.,  iZoftmia  tonwn- 
Idra  Flsch.  Hon.  Gorenk.,  Ca- 
ragina  /nri($een*  war.  mdUii 
Dec.  Prod. 

8. jpygms^a  Dec.    -  240 

JZooinia  fffgmti^'a  Lin.  Sp., 
FaU.  Fl.  Ross.,  Amm.  Roth. 
2  arexuLria  J*ttcA.  ••  240 

9.  spinosa  Dec.      -  240 

Rokmrim.  tpimdta  Lin.  Mant., 
A>Mfiia  ^i^ruyr  Pall.  Fl.  Ross., 
Jto6ti«ia  «ptewi««fi»ui  Laxm. 
Nov.  Act.  ret.,  Caragina/?rw 
lism.  Diet. 

10. /ragacanthoides  240 

Rotin^M.  tragaeamihSideM  PaU. 
Vof.  Act.  Pet.,  RotimlM,  maerO' 
€6ntka  hodd.  Cat. 

ll.jubktaPotr.      -  241 
RAhOAjmbdta  Pall.  In  Act. 
F«t.  Aitr.,  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab. 

12.  grandifldra  Dec.  241 

RoSmAA  groftd^fldra  Bieb.  Fl . 
Tnir. 

13.  Chamlagu  Lam.  241 
Chtneia  Caragia.— JtoWiiia 


Chaml&gu  VBMt.  SHrp.,  N. 
DuHamt. 

XIV.  Halimodb^ndron 

Fitch.  242 

Salt    Tree.  —  Holodhidron 

Deo.  lA4m.  ined.  in  Soc.  Phjs. 

Gen.,  but  not  of  Petit  Thouari. 

1.  argenteum  Dec.    242 

iZoAixia  Halodtndron  Lin.  FIl. 
Suppl.,  Pall.  Fl.  Rois.,  Cara- 
Bftna  arghttea  Lam.  In  Pall. 
•Itin.  ed.  Gall. 

1  Yulgare  Dec.  Ft.    242 

2  brachysdma  D.P.  242 

3  Siev^rsti   -         -  243 
H.  SievtrAi  Fitek, 

2.  (a.)  Bubvirescens  243 

iSoMfiU  tr^flbra  L'H^rit. 
Stirp.  Mot.,  H.  argfnieum  fi 
amMriseena  Dec.  Prod. 

XV.  Calo'ph  ACA  F.  243 

I.  wolg^ca  Fisch.  243 
CpttimnigridaHa  Pall.  Itin. ; 
CpUauaptmndtm  Pall.  FLRos. ; 
C^iiaua  wOsirieua  Lin.  FlI. 
Suppl.,  N.  Du  Ham. ;  Cotktea 
vmgSricaLaan.;  Adtnoc&rpua 
woQhuia  Spreng.  Sjrst. 

XVI.  COLU^EA  R.  Br. 

Bladder  Senna.  —  Rt^ue- 
tumdier,  Fr. ;  Rlaaenbatum, 
Germ. ;  Setma/alaa,  Ital. 

1.  arbor^cens  L.      244 

C.  UraHa  Roth  Fl.  Germ. 

2.  (a.)  cni^nta  AH.   244 

Oriental  Bladder  Senna. — C. 
oriemidlia  Lam.  Diet.,  N.  Du 
Ham.  \  C.  aamgmnea  Pall. ;  C. 
ipUra  Schmidt  Arb. ;  C.  M- 
miUa  Scop. 

3.  ra.)  m^ia  WiUd.  245 

4.  (a.)hal^ppicaZrm.245 

C.  Poofeftli  Ait,  Hon.  Ktw., 
SekmUU,  Arb. ;  C.  iairia  Mill. 
Diet. ;  C.  prodmbena  L'HMt. 

5.  nepal^sis  Hook.  245 

XVII.  ifSTRA'CALUS  Dc. 

The  Milk  Vetch.  ~  Asiv-i- 
galma  ap.  of  Lin.  and  others : 
AatragaUt Fr.;  TragmUf  Gm.i 
AatragalOt  Ital. 

1.  TVaeac&ntha  L.    246 

Great  Goat's  Thorn.— A.  maa- 
alUtnaia  Lam.  Diet.,  Dec.  Astr., 
Don's  MiU. 

Other  Ugneoua  Spedea  t^  Aa~ 
trigaku. — A.  altUcos  Lodd. 
Cab.,  aristktus  UHir.  Stirp., 
breTlfbllus  Sot.  Cab.,  massi- 
Utesis  Lam.  (?  A.  Tragaein- 
tka  Tar.)       -        -        -  M6 

Sect  III.  JTiDTSA^aajB. 

XVIII.  COBONI'LLA  K 

CorofUHa  ap.  L.  and  others : 
CeroniUe,  Ft.  ;  Kromtoicke, 
G«r. ;  Gimeatra  de  Roaeo,  Ital. 

1.  E'merus  L.       -  247 

Wmerua  m^for  MU.  Ic.  1. 189. 


f.  1.,  E.  fltiaor  Mill  Ic  t.  I8S. 

1  S.,  Cpaueifibra  Lam.  Fl.  Fr. 

2  juncea  L.    -     ^  248 

Sect  IV.  Phaseolx^. 
XIX.WistaW^N.  248 

Glycine  ap.  L,  TAvrtimAiw 
Elliot,  Kra^nkUk  Rqfin. 

1.  frutescens  Dec.  -  249 

Glytine  J^ruUaoena  Lin.  Sp.. 
AV^  frutHeena  Ph.  1*1.  Am. 
Sept.,  iiia^iiyiiMM  J^rutiaoena 
Walt.  Fl.  Car.,  JViatHna.  ape. 
cibaa  Nutt.  Geu.  Amer.,  7>yr- 
aanibuaJrtUiaeena  Elliot  Joum. 
Acad.  Sci.  Philad.,  Pkaaeo- 
Ufkiea  Hort.  AngL :  The  Kidney- 
bean  Tree. 

2.  chin^nsis  Dec.  -  249 
Gl6cine  ehininaia  Bot.  Hag., 

G.amhuia  Bot  Reg.,  fT.  Com. 
sejw^a  I^OHdoit  m  If.  R. 

Sect  V.  Ca881k'^. 
XX.  Qledi'tschia  249 

Acde»a  j».  Pluk.:  P6vier. 
Fr.;  Gleditachie,G«r.iGledit. 
aia,  Ital. 

1.  triac&nthos  Z.   -  250 

The  Honej  Locust.— G.  tria- 
cAtUhoa  var.  a  potttaptrma 
Mart.  Mill. :  Q.  mr/UoAa  Walt.; 
G.  apimbaa  Du  Ham. ;  Acdeia 
triaeanikoa  Hort.  Aedcia  ame* 
ricdna  Pluk. .  FHier  d^Ami- 
r^vet  Fr. ;  Pava  americana 
Ital. ;  Tlkomaf  Acacia^  Sweet 
Z.ocMS/,United States;  Canmge 
a  M^,  Canada. 

2  in^nnis  Dec.       -  2.W 
6.  U^a  Hort. 

3  brachycirpa       -  250 
G.  brachiftMrpa  Pursh. 
G.  triac&nthoa  var.  fi  Mx. 

2.  (t)  monosp^rma    251 
"nie  Water  Locust.->G.  earo- 

Unenaia  Lam.  Diet.,  G.  agud. 
tica  Marsh,  G.  triacantka  Gcrt. 
Fruct. 

3.  sinensis  Lam.    -  252 
G.  kdrridaWlUd.8ip.'.  Ptwier 

de  la  Chine,  Fr. 

2  in^rmis  N.  Du  H.  252 
G.Jap6nica  Lodd.  Cat 
G.Javdniea  Lam. 

3  mi^or  Hort.       -  252 
6.  AtffrAia  m4for  Lod.  Cat. 

4  n^na  ^oif.  -      -  252 
6.  A^rrAfs  n^im  H.  Soc. 

5  purpiirea  ^Torf.  -  252 
G .  h6rrida  pnrpbrea  Lod. 

Other  Var.  qf  G.  ainhiaia. 
—  G.  chinfosls  iPotta). 

4.  (s.)  macrac&ntha  254 

O.  /erox  Baudr. :  Pttier  i 
groaaea  E^pinea,  Fr. 

5.  (s.)  ferox  Dci/:  .  254 

G.  orientdUa  Boso :  PSvier 
hiriaai,  Fr. 

6.  c&spica  Detf.     -  254 

G.  caapidna  Bosc. 
2  subvir^scens  ^orf .  254 
F49ier  werddtre,  Fr. 


X!V 


CONTENTS. 


2  p^ndulus     -     -  216 

3  purpur&acens  H.  216 
G.  L.  nurj^reum  Hort. 
C.  AddnA  Poir. 

C.  hxoeeineumBuvaa.Cat, 
The  punte  Laburnum, 
TkeKartet  LtAunmm, 

4  ir^grans  Hort,       217 

4.  Weld^naVis.    -  217 

5.  nigricans   L,     -  218 

6.  sessilifolius  L.  -  218 

7.  triflorus  UHerit.  219 

C.  villdsuM  Pour.  Act.  TouL 

6.  patens  Z.    -     -  219 

C.  penduRntu  Lin.  fli.  Supp.; 
C  ^andifibrus  Dec.  Prod.;  G^- 
nif/a  tomentdsa  Polr.  Supp. ; 
Spdrthun  pitftu  Un.  Sjst, 
Brofe.  F1.  Lu«.,  not  of  Cav.  ; 
Spartium  rrandiflbrtan  Brot. 
Fl.  Lau.  ;  SarotAamnus  piUtu 
Webb  Iter  HUpan. 

9.  icoparius  L^.     -'219 

Common  Broom. — SpSrtium 
Boopirium  Lin.  Sp.  Smith  Eng. 
Bot.,  Geniita  Mcopdria  Lam. 
Diet.,  not  of  Vill. ;  G.  kirsita 
Moencli  Meth. :  Gen£t  d  Baiais^ 
Otnet  eommiM,  Fr. ;  gemehu 
PJriement  Ger. 

2  &lbu8  HoH.         •  220 

5  flore  pleao  Hort,   220 

§  iiL  CalycStome  Lk. 

10.  spinosus  Lam,  220 
Spartium  gpmbsufn  Lin.  Sp. 

1 1.  tribracteolatus  W,  22 1 

12.  lanfgerus  Dec,    221 

SpSrtmm  taiUgerum  Desf. 
FL  Atl..  Caiifc6tomevmb$a  Lk. 
Enum.,  SjMrd'iifnvflfdmmBrot 
Fl.  Lufl.  and  Poir.  Voy. 

2  rfgidus  Dec.       •  221 

§  iv.  7\tboc^iuui  Dec. 
A.  Flower*  white  or  whiUah, 

13.  leucanthus       -  221 

B.  Fiowert  purple. 

14.  purpilkreus  Scop,  222 
2  flore  &Ibo  Hort  -  222 
S  flore  rdsoo  -  222 

C.  Flowers  peUow. 

15.  elongatus  W,  ^  K,  222 

16.  multifldrus  Lijid,  222 

C.  eiongdtui  Hort.  not  of  Kit. ; 
C.  eUmgdhu  0  mmti{fidnu  Dec 
Prod. 

n.faicktmW.^X:  223 

VarieUet — C.  trifldrui  Lrf., 
C.  ruth^nicus  Lorf.,  C.  de- 
cdmbeoa  Lod: 

18.  austriacus  h,  -  223 
2  nova  Zod  -  223 

19.  supinus  Jacq,  •  223 
C.  hftade$  Pour.  Act.  Tout. 


20.  hirsutus  L.      -  224 

C.  staOntu  Bertol.  PI.  Gen., 
not  of  Lin. ;  C.  trtflbnu  Lara. 
Diet,  notof  L'HerlL ;  O.  Tour- 
n^fin-tOiuut  Lois,  in  N,  Du  H, 

21.  capitlitus  Jacq,  224 
C.  Ai'rriMw  Lam  Diet,   C. 

suphuu  lAvk.  Sp.  ' 

Varieties  or  Sjfnoiwmeg.  ^  C^- 
tisus  austrlacus  Lod.,  C  ca- 
n6»cens  Fiseh.  qf  Got.,  C.  ura- 
I^nsis  Lorf.,  C.  calyclnui  Lod., 
C.  parvifblius  Lod.^  C.  hinik- 
tua  Lod.,  C.  tuplnus  Lod.  224 

22.  ciliatus  Wahlcnb,  224 

23.  polytrichus  Bieb,  224 

§  v.  Ijot^ides  Dec. 

24.  argenteus  L,  -  235 

LdtuM  arginl.  Brot  Fl.  Lus. 

25.  calycinus  Bieb,    225 

C.  pauciflbna  WiUd.  sp. 

26.  nknus  Wi/ld,    -  225 
§  vi.  ChrondnihuM  Dec. 

27.  orien  talis  Lois,   226 
C.  orientdlitt  Ac.  Gerard  & 

Vail.  Herb. 

Other  Spea'cM  of  Coitus C. 

«61icus  Gnu,,  C.  racem5tus 
Mamoch. 

VIIT.  Adknoca'rpusZ). 

1 .  hispanicuH  Dec,    227 

Cj^ttsus  hisp&nietu  Lam. 
Diet.,  C.  tMomCrhu  L'H6rit 
Stirp.,  N.  Du  Ham. 

2.  Boissien  Webb    227 

A.  dec6rtieans  Boia.  Not.  sur 
I'Abiei  Plnsapo :  Raca  vi^fa. 
Span. 

3.  interm^dius  Dec,  228 

C$iinu  eomjdiedtuM  Br.  Fl.  L. 

4.  parvifdlius  Dec,  -  228 

Cptitus  parvifbinu  N.  Du 
Ham.,  Lam.  Diet  efXdusive  of 
tlie  irna. ;  CptiMiu  divaricdhu 
L'Hferit  StlTK:  C^tisuM  com- 
plicdtusVec.  Fl.  Fr. ;  Sp6r- 
tium  eonutUciltim  Lois.  Fl. 
Gall. 

5.  telonensis  Dec.    228 

C^listu  tekmtnsi*  Lois.  Fl. 
Gall.,  N.  Du  Ham. ;  Spdrthun 
compliedtum  Gouan  Hort. 
Monsp.,  exclusive  of  the  syn. 

IX.  Ono'nis  L,     -  229 

The  Rettharrow.  —  Andisis 
et  VAMt  M<Bneh  Meth. : 
Arrvte-bauf,  Bvgrame,  Fr.; 
Hauheehel,  Ger. 

1.  fhiticdsa  L,       -  229 
2  microph^lla  Dee.  229 

2.  rotundifolia  L.  -  229 

O.  lati/dlta  Asso  Syn.,  Lin. 
Mant. ;  Vdtrix  rohamd^blia 
Mcench. 

Other  Species  qf  Onbnis.  —  O. 
tribracteita  Dec.    -       -  229 

X.  Amo'^rpha  L,  -  230 

Bastard  \nd\go.  —  Bomtfidia 


Neck.  Elem. :  Famg  InMgo, 
Fr. ;  Vnform,  Ger. ;  Amo^a\ 
Ital. 

I.  fruticdsa  L,        -  230 

Wild  Indigo^  Amer. ;  Faux 
Indigo,  Fr. :  Indaeo  Bastardo, 
Ital. 

2  angustifolia  Pun.  230 

S  emarginata  AcrsA  2dO 

4  Lewin't  Ld.  Cat  230 

5  caeriilea  Ld.  Cat  2SO 


2.  (f.)  glabra  Desf,    230 

3.  (f.)  nana  iVTtttt.  -  231 

A.  microphpUa  Pursh  Fl.  Am. 
Sep. 

4.  (f.)  fr^rans  Swi,  231 

A.  n^na  Sons  Bot.  Mag-,  not 
of  others. 

5.  (f.)  croceo-lanata  231 

Taimy  Bastard  Indigo. 

6.  (f.)  canescens  Nt,  232 
I     t  A.  pubiscens  Pursh. 

XL  Eysknha'rdt/.*  H. 

DalbSrgia.  Spreng.  SysL  App. 

I.  amorphoMes  H,    232 

DalbSrglA  amorphoides  Spr. 

XIL  Robi'n/^  L.     233 

The  Locust  Tree.  —  Pseud- 
acdeia  Tourn.  Inst.,  Moench 
Meth. :  Bobinier,  Fr. ;  RobiniS, 
Ger. 

1.  Pseiid-^cacia  L,  233 

False  Acacia. — JEsckynSmenc 
Pseudacdcia  Roxb.,  PseuAacd- 
da  odordta  Mopnch  Meth.: 
Locust  Tree,  Amer. ;  Bastard 
Acacia,  Robinier  faux  Acacia, 
Acacia  Mkmc,  Carouge  des  Am4- 
ricains.Fr.;  gemeine  Acade, 
Ger. ;  Falsa  Acacia,  Itai. 

2  flore  liktco  Dwn.   234 

3  in6nnis  Dee.      -  234 

4  crispa  Dee,         -  234 

5  umbraculifera2>e.234 
R.  inkrmis  Dum.  Court. 

6  tortuosa  Dec     .  234 

7  «opAor<vfolia  L.  C,  234 

8  amorphaefolia  Lk.  2?4 

9  stricta  Lk.  -  234 

10  procera  Lodd.  Cat,  234 

11  p^ndula  Ort.  Dec.  234 

12  monstrosa  L.  C   234 
IS  macrophylla  L.C,2SA 

14  microphylla  L.  C.  234 
R.  angusttfblia  Hort. 

15  specUbifis  2>«fii.   234 
Acada   agapante  of   th« 

French  Nurseries. 

16  latisiliqua  Pr.  Cat,234 

2.  viscdsa  Vent,      -  235 
R.  glvtinbsa  Bot.  Mag..  R. 

numtma  Bartram :  Rose-Jlovf' 
ering  Locust. 

3.  dubia  Fouc,        -  236 
R.  hjbrida  Audlb.,  R.  am- 

bigua  Poir.   Soppl.,  f  R.  eeki-. 


CONTENTS. 


Xf 


lfi]l.Dkt^Jt. 


4^  hispida  L.         -  236 
Boae  Acacia.  —  R.  rbtea  V. 

Db  Ham^^g.  i—iiiihiii  Baitr. 

Vof^     M»ekgmAma»e    MapidM 

Soxb. 

2  lubia  Hee.  -         -  237 
S  »^6CA  PkMA        -  237 
4  microphylla  D«c  237 
JL  gi  iwrfljyarc  Hort. 

XILL  C^^6^^/uL.237 

^beriio  Pea  Tree— iloMula 
1.  arbor^scens  Xom.  237 

5^rw^-w  riftirtcn  Baj:  /bNtae 
^iMcir  dip  SiUrie,  BMmie  de 

Ft.  ;  Sibifiteke  Erb- 

Genn. : 


2  inmnis  Hart     -  238 


S.  (a.)^IAa^aiiaPoir.238 

BuKnlm  Altagina  PolE.  A 
Bou^  VB6rit.  SHrp.i  Cara- 
gina  wHkivpkjBa  Lam.  Diet. 

3.  (a.)  microph^IlaD.238 

MWa  Mtcropi^Al0  PaU.  Fl. 
rasiaa  AJtag 


4.  (a.)  Redowski  D.  238 
2  pne*coz  /UdL   -  239 

6.(B.)ara[iaria2>(mn  239 

6.  firut^scens  Dec.     239 

JfaMaii  fnai$eem»  Lin.  Sp., 

Fatt.   FL  Boai.;    C   d^gUiia 

1  ktifilia     .         -  239 

2  amnistilSlia        -  239 


l.(L)m6V&ABeu.    239 

Amiiala  mSBiB  Bleb.  Fl. 
Tur.  Scqml.,  RothA^  tomen^' 
Itoa  FlKh.  uort.  Gorenk.,  Ca- 
9ar.  mSlUs 


8.  pyema  a  J>c.    -  240 

Mmia  pggmte^  Lin.  Sp., 
FkD.  FL  Boia.,  Amm.  Bnth. 
2  aienaria  Itadb.  .  240 

9.  ^nnosa  Dec,      -  240 

Arfiaia  jyiAiawi  Lin.  llant., 
AiJiwia  jSra*  Pail.  FL  Bom., 
Jbhirii  iB^amiiti'iaii  Laxm. 
Nov.  Act.  ret,  Camgiiia/AncMr 
Diet. 


Chaml&gu  VEtrit.  Stirp^  N. 
Dm 


10.  ^ragacantholdes  240 

Jfefiiada  fr^gflBanMcOifef  PaU. 
Vov.  Act.Pet,  AoMiria 
Lodd-Cat. 


IhiuUta  Pair.      -241 

IMUt^Jmbdim  Pali,  in  Act. 
Ffet.  Aalr.,  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab. 

12.  gnndifldra  D^c.  241 

Mai^gramdi/ldra  Bleb.  Fl. 


13L  C3a«i/d^  Lam.  241 


XIV.  Halimodis^ndron 

J^cA.  242 

Salt  Tree.  —  Haiodindrom 
Dee.  Mtei.  Ined.  in  Soc.  Plijrt. 
Gen.,  but  not  of  Petit  Thouara. 

1.  arg^Dteiitn  Dec.    242 
JZoAmU  Halod6mdnm  Lin.  FiL 

Soppl.,  Pall.  Fl.  Rost.,  Cara- 
Bua  argfntea  Lam.  in  Pall. 
.Icin.  ed.  Gall. 

1  vulgire  Dee,  Pr.    242 

2  brachys^ma  D.P.  242 

3  Siev^rstt   -         -  243 
H.  Sievtna  Fisek, 

2.  (a.)  subvir^ens  243 

AoMaia  trmra  L*H6rit. 
Stirp.  Not.,  H.  arghiieum  0 
tmbmr($cau  Dec.  Prod. 

XV.  Calo'phacaF.243 
1.  wolg^ca  Fisch.    243 

Cptitmnigrieaiu  Pall.  Itin. ; 
CgHtmafitmitu*  Pall.  Fl.Roe. ; 
G^tinu  toidtdfieu*  Lin.  FU. 
Suppl..  N.  Da  Ham. ;  CotJbUa 
CKwarrica  Lam. ;  Adenocarpus 
too^huis  Spreng.  Syst. 

XVL  OoLU^EA  R.  Br. 

Bladder  Senna.  —  Bagme- 
mamUeTt  Fr. ;  BUuenbaumt 
Germ. ;  Sauut/aUOy  ItaL 

1.  arbor^cens  L.      244 

C.  kintaa  Roth  Fl.  Germ. 

2.  (a.)  cnienta  Ait.   244 

Oriental  Bladder  Senna. — C. 
orientdUM  Lam.  Diet.,  N.  Da 
Ham.  *,  C.  soHgmmea  Pall. ;  C. 
Sptera  Schmidt  Arb. ;  C.  Ml- 
mOia  Scop. 

3.  M  media  Willd.  245 

4.  (a.)hal^ppicaZfm.245 

C.  PoedeUl  Ait,  Hart,  Kew., 
Sekmidi,  Arb. ;  C.  istria  HUl. 
Diet. ;  C.  proeimbau  L*H^rlt. 

5.  nepalensis  Hook.  245 

XVII.  i^STRA^G  ALUS  Dc, 

Tbe  Milk  Vetch.  —  A«lr^- 
galmt  9p.  of  Lin.  and  others : 
Jstragalet  Fr. ;  TragarUt  G«r. ; 
AMtragaiOt  Ital. 

1.  Tragacantha  L.    246 

Great  Goat's  Thorn.— A.  mof- 
$iUSn*ia  Lam.  Diet.,  Dec.  Astr., 
Don's  Mill. 

OAer  t^neont  Speda  (tf  As- 

ir6gahu A,  altkicus  Lodd. 

Cab.,  aristfttus  L*B6r.  Stirp., 
brerlfbUui  Bot,  Cab.,  massi- 
litesis  Lam.  (?  A  Tragae&i' 
Ha  var.)       -        -        -946 

Sect  III.   jSkDTSA^SJB. 

XVIII.  COBONI'LLA  N. 
CormMa  sp.  L.  and  others : 

CoromiOt,  Fr.  ;  JCroMwfc^tf, 
Ger. ;  Oinestra  de  Bo$co,  Ital. 

1.  E'merus  L.       -  247 

MTmerut  miyor  MU.  Ic.  t.  18S. 


f.  L,  jr.  Mbwr  Mil.  Ic.  t.  I3S. 

1  &,  C. jNiiie(|fdra  Lam.  FL  Fr. 

2  juncea  L.    -     p  248 

Sect.  IV.  Phaseolkm. 
XIX.WisTA^/>iN.  248 

Glycine  ap,  L.,  T/^»A»tku9 
Elliot,  Ara^RAia  iZ<|4n^ 

1 .  fhit^scens  Dec.  "  249 

Gl^itne /haiscem  Lin.  Sp.. 
A>Aw  JrtUiseeni  Ph.  FL  Am. 
Sq)L,  An6n§fmos  fruf6$eens 
Walt.  Fl.  Car.,  fVist^na.  tpe- 
cidsa  Nott.  Geu.  Amer.,  TAyr- 
$a$tiAusfruti$eens  Elliot  Joum, 
Acad.  Sci.  Philad..  PAomo- 
loidrf  Hort.AngL:  TkeKidne^- 

2.  chinensis  Dtfc.  -  249 

Glpeine  ckinimu  Bot.  Mag., 
G.amhuia  Bot  Reg.,  If.  Cms. 
se^K^na  Z>o«Hion  m  li.  B. 

Sect.  V.  Cassik^a. 
XX.  Gledi^tsch/^  249 

Ai:3c<a  sp.  Pluk.:  Pkvier, 
Fr.;  Gleda$ekie,Ger.iGledit- 
s^Ital. 

1.  triac&nthos  X.   -  250 

The  Honey  Locust.— 6.  tria- 
dntkoa  9ar.  m  poltftpfrma 
fifart.  MUl. :  G.  meOobaWalt.; 
G.  apindta  Du  Ham. ;  Acdeia 
iriae&tUkM  Hort.  Acdeia  ame- 
riedna  Pluk. .  Fivier  tAmi- 
riqwe,  Fr. ;  Fa!ta  amerieana 
Ital. ;  TTkonuf  Acacia,  Sweet 
Zaet(«/,Unlted States;  Caromge 
a  iiiel,  Canada. 

2  in^rmifl  2>«c.       -  2.90 
O.  to>/sHort. 

3  brachycirpa       -  5250 
G,  bradqfc&rpa  Pursh. 
G.  triaedntkot  9ar.  fi  Mx. 

2.  (t.)  monosp^rma    25 1 

llie  Water  Locusts— O.  caro- 
UnSnsit  Lam.  Diet.,  O.  agmd. 
tica  Marsh,  G,  iriacdntkaGmtt. 
Fmct. 

3.  sinensis  £am.    -  252 

G.  AM-Hto Willd. Sp.:  FSvier 
de  la  CUne,  Fr. 

2  in^rmis  iV.  i>tt  //:  252 
G.JapSnica  Lodd.  Cat 
G.iovantoi  Lam. 

3  m^or  ITort.        -  252 
G.b6rridam4forljoi.Cat, 

4  Dana  ^orf.  -      -  252 
6.  kdrrida  ndna  H.  Soc. 

5  purpiirea  Hart,  -  252 
G.  k6rrida  purpurea  Lod. 

OtAer  For.  <2f  G.  sinSnsit, 
—  G.  chinfosis  (Potts). 

4.  (s.)  macradiiitha   254 

G.  Jerox  Baodr. :  FMer  d 
groues  E'pinea,  Fr, 

5.  (s.)  ferox  Derf,  •  254 

G.  orientdUa  Bosc :  F^rier 
UHssi,  Fr. 

6.  cispica  Derf,      -  254 

G.  caapidaia  Bosc. 
2  subvir^flcens  ^orf.  254 
Fi9ier  vard&tre,  Fr. 


XVi 


CONTENTS. 


Other  Sorts  (^GleOltekim,  —  G. 
micrac&ntha  Hori.  Soc.  Gard, , 
G.  Bdmu  Hort.  Soc.  Gard., 
G.  prtf  cox  Hort.  Soe.  Oard., 
G.  aquitica  Lodd.  (G.  mono^ 
sp&ma)^  G.  orlentklii  I.otftf. 
(0.j9rox). 

XXI.  Gymno'cladusX. 

1.  canadensis  Lam,  255 

Kentucky  Coin»e  Tree Gut'- 

landhMdioica  Lin.  Sp.;  Hffper- 
amtkera  dioica  Vahl  Svmb., 
Duh.  Arb. :  Nicker  Tree,  Stump 
Tree,  United  SUtes:  Bonduc 
Cktqta'er,  Fr.;  Chicot,  Canadian; 
Ceutadi4cherSchusserb€nan,Ger. 

XXn.  (Tb'rcis  L.     256 

The  Jndas  Tree Siliguas- 

trum  Toum.  Inst.,  Moench 
Meth. :  GocMw.  Fr. ;  Judas. 
haum,  Ger. ;  Aibero  de  Giuda, 
Ital 

1.  i^liqu&strumXr.    257 

Silimtostrum       orbiculdiitm 

Mcench   Meth.:    Love   Tree; 

Gamier    eommtm,    Arbre  de 

Judte,  Fr. ;     ArM   ^Amor^ 

Span. ;  Judashamn,  Ger. 

2  parviflorum  2)ee.  257 

S  fldre  41bido       .  257 

4  rosea  -       .  257 

2.  canadensis  L,       258 

Sib'quastntm  eorddtum 

Ifcanch  Meth. :  Red  Bird  Tree, 
Amer. ;  Gatnier  de  Canada^ 
Boutom  rouge,  Fr. 

2  pub^soens  PA.  .  259 

Sect  I.  Awranx^iLM  Jiu. 

I.  iluY^GDALUS  71     261 

The  Almond  Tree Aw^gdO' 

iSphora  V9ck.i  Amandier,rr. ; 
Mandelbamm,  Get. ;  Mandorto, 
Ital. 

1.  nknaL.     -      -  262 

Prteaw  •'Nerm/»  GmeU  A. 
nitna  war.,  A.  tw^drit  Dec. : 
Amandier  nain,  rr. ;  Zver^ 
chemandeL  Ger. :  Peschino  della 
China,  Itai. 

2  ge6rgica  Dec     •  262 
A.  ge6rgiea  Detf.  Arb. 

3  caiDp&tris  Ser,      262 
A.  Mnqa^ifrtlt  Better  B* 

num.,  Hort.  Fl.  Aatt, 
Ixxld.  Cat. 
A.   BesserMaoL  SdMt.  in 
Cat.    Hort.    Vlndob.. 
1818,  and  Lodd.  Cat. 

4  sibirica  Lod.  Cat.  262- 

2.  inc^na  Pall,       -  263 

A  ndna  var.  mcdna  Gulden- 
itad  and  Arb.  Brit.,  A.  tomeitm 
insula  Lodd,  Cat, 

3.  communisZf.      -  263 
1  amira  Dee,         -  26S 

The  bitter  Almond. 
Amandier  amer,  Fr 
OemeineMande/baumGmrm 


2  d61cis  Dee,         -  264 
The  tweet  Almond. 
Amandier  d  petits  Fruits, 

Amande  douce,  Fr. 
Susse  Mandel,  Ger. 

3  fl.  pUno  Bavm,  C,  264 

4  fol.  Tarieg.  B,  C    264 

5  frfigilis  5'«r.        -  264 
A./ragais  Hell. 
Amandier  des  Dames,  "S, 

Du  Ham.,  Noit.  J.  F. 
Coque  moUe,  Amandier  d 

Cogue  tendre,  Fr. 
Abeilan,  Provence. 

6  macrodlrpa  Ser.    264 
Amandier  d  gros  Fruiis' 

N.  Du  Ham.,  Noitette 
Jard.  Fruit. 
Amandier  Suitane,  Anum. 
dter  des  Dames,  Aman^ 
dier  Pistache,  Ft, 

7  petnc6\deA  Ser,     265 
Amandier-Picher,  N.  Du 

Ham.,  Noitette   Jard 

■ 

Other  Varieties      -       .265 

4   orientalis  Aii,    -  265 

A.  argtntea  Lam.  Diet.,  N. 
DuUam. 

II.  Pe'rsica  Tottm,  265 
The  Peach  Tree kmOgdalus 

sp.  of  L.  A  Just.,  Trtdlocar- 
pwf  Neck.  Elem.:  PSeher,  Fr.; 
i^rtcAmAottm,  Ger.;  Pesc»„ 
Ital.  • 

1.  vulg^s  Mill,       266 

AmpgdaiusTirsica  L.  Sp.: 
P&««  duveteuse,  Fr.  j  i^tcAe, 
Mor. 

1  The  free-stone  common 

Peach  .      266 

Ptche,  Ft, 

2  The  cling-stone  com- 

mon Peach       266 
Poole,  Ft. 

3  fldre  pldno  Hort,  266 

4  ilba  LindL  266 

5  foliisvariegitisK  266 

6  compr^ssa  ITort    266 
TheAat  Peach  of  China. 

2,  (y.)  laeVis  Dec.    267 

The  Nectarine  Tree.-.Am4v. 
da/us  Tersica  Lam.  Diet.,  A. 
TSrsica  Neetarina  Ait.  Hort. 
Kew. :  PSehe  Usse,  Brugnom, 
Ft,  ;  Peseo  noee,  Ital. 

1  The    free-stone  Nee- 

tarine  -  267 

Ptche  Usse,  Fr. 

2  The  cling-stone  Nec- 

tarine -  267 

Brugnon,  Fr. 

III.  ^RUENfACA  T.  267 
The  Apricot — Tritnus  sp.  of 

Lin.and  othert:  AbHcotier,  Fr.; 
Aprikosenbaum,  Ger. ;  AM. 
cocco,  ItaL 

I.  vulg^s  Lam,       267 

PrftiiM  Armeniaca  Lfn.Sp.: 
AMcoeco  americano,  Ital. 
1  ovalifoUa  Ser.       268 
Ahricot    Atuommois,    A, 
prieoee.  A,  hiame.  Ft. 


2  cordiiolia  Set.     -  868 

3  foliis  variegatis  ^.268 

4  flore  pidno  Hoff.  268 

2.  dasycirpa  Tert.     868 

A.  atropurviirea  Lolt.  in  N. 
Du  Ham.,  Prinus  daspedrpa 
Ehrh.  Beitr..  P.  Armeniaea 
nigra  Detf.  Cat:  ^  black 
Apricot. 

2  jwrsictfolia  Xott.  269 
A.  persieifdIiaL  Don'tMiU. 
Abncot  noir  d  PeuWes  de 
PScher,  Fr. 

3.  (v.)  sibirica  Pen.  269 

PHb»tM  sibirica  Lin.  Sp. 

4.  (f.)  brigantiaca  P.  870 

Prftnw  brigantiaca  VilL 
DauDh..  Dec  R.  Fr.,  Loia.  in 
N.  Du  Ham. 

Other  ^edes  qf  Armeniaea.^ 
A.  peduncuUta  Led,      -  vo 

IV.  pRu'NUS  Toum.  870 

vr^*  JH"™-  —  ^runSphora 
Neck.  Elem.,  Prftmw  sp.  of 
L.  and  othert  i  Prunier,  Ft. ; 
^fj/ltfww,  Ger. ;  Pmno,  Ital. 

1.  spindsaZr.         -  271 

Common  Sloe  Thorn.— P.  m/^ 
r^«rr/*  Fuch.  Hitt.,  Ray  Syn. : 
Blackthorn  :  Prunier  tpinettr, 
PruneUier,  E'pine  noire,  or 
Mere-dU'Sois,  Fr.  ;  SchUa- 
dom,  or  Schlen  PJIaum,  Ger.  2 
Prugno  or  Prunello,  Ital. 

1  vulgaris  Ser,      -  271 
P.  spinbsa  Loit. 

2  foliis  varieg.  Ser.  271 

3  microc&rpa  WaHr.  271 

4  macrocdrpa  ^^Eflr.  271 
5oyata  Ser.  -  271 
6  fldre  pl^no         -  271 

2.  insitftia  L,         -  27E 
TheBulIace  Plum P.  *«/- 

ee*m>  prai'coe  dltwr  Tourn- 
r.ssfMstrismdforR^y:  Pm^ 
nier  sauvage,FT.  i  A/fatous  in 
Dauphlny;  KirschenPjlaume, 
Ger. 

1  frticiu  nlgro  ffrt.  272 
2f.  likteo-^bo /rr<.  272 

3  fructu  riibro^rf.  273 

4  flore  pldno  Deic,  273 

3.  dom^tica  L,     •  273 

P.  sathfa  Fuchi  ft  Ray :  Prai. 
m'er  domestigue,  Fr. ;  gemettse 
Pflaume,  Ger. ;  5ta«io  dbMc*. 
IKO,  Ital. 

2  flore  pWno  Hort,  273 

3  foliis  variegatis  ^.273 

4  ormenibides  iSer.   273 

4.  (d.)myrobalana£.274i 

P.  Myrobdlan  Du  Ham.,  P. 
murobaiana  Lolt.,  P.  ceras\fera 
Ehrh. Beitr.:  VirginianCherrw, 
Barly  Scarlet  Plum  :  PrwUer 
Myrobalan,  or  Cerisetie,  Fr.  4 
Kirschpfiamne,  Ger. 

2  foliis  Tar.  N,  DuB.  974 

5.  cdndicans  JBal^     275 


CONTENTS. 


XVll 


6.  Cocow^Ua  Tenore  275 

f .  maritiina  Wangen.  275 
?  P.  aOHBthi^la  Mx.  FL  Bor. 


fe.  pabesceoji  Poir.     276 
9.  diYaricata  Led,      276 

0cherS^«cK*4fPrftintf    -  376 


V.  Ce^rasus  Juss.     276 

The  Cherry — Lammctraswa 
Toarn..  Prflwwi  jp.  L. :  Ce- 
ri$itr,  Fr. ;  Xincke,  Ger. ;  CY- 
&2to»  ItaL 

§  i.  Cerai^pAora  Dec. 
The  Cfacri7-tieariiig  KiodA. 

A.  Speda  cmltiMxtfd/or  tMHr 
Fruit. 

\.s\\v&ia\&Bauh.  277 
SpiiBWfwri  amd  Garden 
3itfMf>  —  C.  ovnov  If  (men, 
K.  Dq  Ham..  Don's  MiU.  ;  C. 
^ign  WSL  Dice,  aoK  of  Alt. ; 
Vrkmm  nimm  Lin.  Sp. ;  P. 
nwBMr.B^^WUld.  Baiim. ; 
P.aiaH  Mr.  ^  ^  X  Eng.  Flor. ; 
P.  mtgrieiau  aai.  P.  v^nVi  Ehrb. 
Bcitr.:  Gtan,  Bigarremt,  Co- 
TiMt,  CcToom,  Smail  Stack. 
ISaek  Her^ardMrey  Biaek 
Hart,  Stack  Mmxard,  Ike 
Merrf  Tru  of  the  Cheshire 
Maiasu;  ike  Sierrie*  in  Suf- 
iilk:  Mfrisier,  Merise  grtuse 
tnire,  Gn^mer,  Bigarreatttiert 
Himmkr,  Ft.  ;  Skue  Kt'rscke, 
Ger.  i  Ctrtjfiolo,  Jtal. 

1  Merisiers  or  Merries 

277 

2  Gulgniera  or    Gean.s 
(C./afi(Ua2>ec.)277 

3  Heauouers,    the   hel- 

OKt-cbaped  Cherries 
(C.  JuiiAna.  Tar. 
heftamjina  DcS)  278 

Var.  far  Ornament. 
C.  a.  duracina  2  ^ore 

pleno  Ilort.    -  278 
Ueriueri  Flettrsdoukfrs, 

or  Mtrisier  Benuncu- 

ber,  Fr. 

4  Bigarreautiers,      the 

Bigarreaua,  or  hard- 
fleshed  Cherries  ^C. 
chrddjia  Dec.)   278 

2.  nilgaris  Mill.     -  278 

,  St/memjfmet     and      Garden 

Samea.  —  dr.  dvmm  Morach  ; 

Prtew  CiratuM  Un.  Sp. ;    C. 

ionhuis  Pen,  Sjm. :  C.  capro- 

^  Dte.  Prod.,  Don's  IhU. ; 

P.  aasiera  sod  P.  adda  Ehr. 

Beitr. ;  P.  ChoMat  9ar.  n  Eng. 

fwr.:  Ckerry^KentiskorFlem- 

n*  Orrry,  Morello,  Mag  Duke: 

CoTv  ^  MoiUmorency,  Cerise 

*  Psra,  On'sr  a  Frwit  rondSy 

t/nrifr  ^  AV^rrf,  Cerister.  and 

^"►attwr  in   some   proriiices, 

Fr. ;  Samre  Kirscke,  Germ. ; 

••««».  sr  CiZwg/o,  luL 


Ornamental  Varieties. 

2  flore  semipleno  if.  279 

3  fldre  pl^no  Hort.  279 

4  jsersicifldra  .fibrt.  279 

5  foliis  Tariegatis  £r.279 

Fruit.bearini[  Varieties. 

Selection  exemplifjfing  tke 
d(fftreni  forms  wkick  ike 
varieties  of  tke  cultivated 
ckerries  assume^  standard 
(m**.— The  Bigarrrau.Bot. 
ner's  Yeltow,  the  Kentish 
Cberry.  the  Mar  Duke,  the 
Morello,  D'Ostheim    -  379 

6  Mardscka    -       -  280 
Prima  Martacha  Jaeq. 

B.  Species  or  Varieties  culti- 
vated as  ornamental  or  cu* 
rious. 

3.  (v.)  semperfldrens  281 

frknus  sempefjldrens  Ehrh. 
Beitr..  P.  serStina  Roth  Catal.: 
tke  Weeping  Cherry,  tke  AIL- 
saints  Ckcrry :  Cerise  de  la 
Tbussaint,  Cerise  de  St.  Martin, 
Cerise  tardive,  Fr. 

4.  sernilata  (;.  i>o»  281 

VrUnus  serruldta,  Lindl. 
Hort.  Trans  :  tke  double  Cki- 
nese  Ckerry:  Yung-To^  Chinese. 

6.  Pseudo-Cerasus    282 

PrJbmf  PseUdO'Cirasvs 
Lindi.  Hort.  Trans.;  T.pani. 
euldta  Ker  Bot  Reg.,  but  not 
of  Thunb. ;  Yung-To,  Ckinese. 

6.  Ctiamaecerasus  L.  282 

Siberian  Clierry  — C.  inter' 
media  Poir.  Diet. ;  F.frutiebsa 
Pali.,  arcording  to  Beiser  ;  Co- 
rona pkmila  C.  Bauh.,  accord- 
ing to  Pall.  Fl.  Ross. ;  Chanue- 
eirasus/ruticdsa  Ten.  Syn. 

7.  prostrata  jS^.     -  282 

Pr&ntMprosfrd/aHort.  Kew. 
and  Lab.  PI.  Syr.  Dec^  P<  in- 
cdna  Stephen  in  Mem.  Soc. 
Mosq. 

8.  ©ersicifolia  Lois.    283 
rritnus  persicifdh'a  Desf.Arb. 

9.  borealis  Mchx.  -  283 
Vrknus  borealis  Poir.  Diet. : 

tke    Nortkem   Choke    Ckerry, 
Amer. 

10.  piiinila  Michx.  -  283 

YrUnus  pUmila  Lin.  Mant., 
Pui^sh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept. ;  C^- 
rasus  gla6ca  Moench  Meth.  : 
Ragtuuninier,  Hega,  Menel  du 
Canada,  Fr. 

11.  (p.)  deprdssaPA.  2*^4 

C.  pikmila  Mich.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer.,  not  Primus  ptinnila  L. 
P.  SusquekAruB  Willd  Enum. 
ed.  3.  :  Sand  Cherry,  Amer. 

12.  pygmae'a  Lvii.    284 

Triiniu  ppgme^  a  Willd.  Sp., 
Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept. 

13.  nigra  Lois.        -  284 

VrUnus nigra  Ait.  IIort.Kew., 
Pursh    Fl,  Amer.     Sept..     P. 
americdna  Darlington  in  Amer. 
I  I.yc.N.H.  of  New  York. 


14.  hyeinklis  Michx.  285 

PHbsM  Ay^md/w  Michx.  Fl. 
Bor.  Amer.,  Pursh  Fl.  Amer. 
SepL,  Elliot  Carol. :  tke  black 
Ckoke  Ckerry,  Amer. 

15.  chicasa  Midix.  -  285 

PrJhiiM  diieasa  Pursh  Fl. 
Amer.  Sept.,  P.  insititia  Walt. 
Carol.:  Ckickasaw  Plum  in 
Carolina. 

16.  pubescens  Ser,  -  285 

Trhnus  pubiscens  Ph.  Fl. 
Amer.  Sept.  and  Lodd.  Cat.  ; 
P.  spkicrocSrpa  Michx.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer.,  not  of  Swarts. 

17.  pennsylvanica  L.  286 

Yrhnus  pen$uulvdnica  L.  fil. 
SuppL,  Pursh  ¥1.  Amer.  Sept., 
Willd.  Baum.  ;  P.  laneeoliUa 
Willd.  Abb. 

18.  jap6nica  Loit.  -  286 

vAmus  Japdniea  Thunb.  Fl. 
Jap.  and  Lindl.  in  Bot.  Reg., 
P  sinfnsis  Pers.  Ench. 

2  miiltiplex  Ser.    -  286 
AmCgdalus  pkmila    Lin. 
Blant. 

19.  sinensis  G.  Don  287 

20.  *alicina  G.  Don  287 

PHknact  tatia'nn  Lindl.  in 
Hort.  Trans. :  Cking-Cho-Lee, 
or  Tung' Ckok- Lee,  Chinese. 

Species  belon/png  to  ike  preced' 
tag  Subdivtson  (B.),  not  vet 
introduced.^  C.  Phdshia  Ha- 
railt.,  Trknus  cerasoides  D. 
Don,  C^rofM*  Pdddum  JRoxb., 
C.  glandul5sa,  C.  ispera,  C. 
inclsa  Lois.,  C.  biimills  Mor. 

§  ii.   Vadiviri  Ser. 

The  true  Bird- Chprry  Kinds  of 
C£rasu8. 

A .  Species  <^  Bird-  Cherry  Trees 
already  in  Cultivation  in 
Britain, 

21.  Mahdleb  Mill.  -  288 
TrknusTAahtkleb L.  Sp.:  Bois 

de  Sarnie  Lude,  or  Prunier  otlo- 
rani,  Fr. ;  Makalebs-kirscke, 
Ger.;  Ciliegio  canmo,  Ital. 

2  friictii  flavo  Hort.  288 

3  latifolium  Hort.     288 

22.  Padus  Dec.      -  289 
Pri^cM    Vddus    Lin.    Sp.» 

Hook.  Brit.  Flora,  Smith's 
EngL  Flora :  Bird-Cherry, 
Fowl  Ckerry,  Hag-berry  Swt. : 
Cerpsier  4  Grappes,  Mertsi<r 
d  Grappes,  Laurier-Puticr  or 
Puiiet,  faux  Bois  de  Ste.  Lucie, 
Fr. ;  Haff.bier,  Swedish ;  Trau- 
beden  Kirsche,  Ger. ;  Ciliegio 
ramosa,  Ital.^ 

1  vulgaris  Ser.       -  289 
C.  Vddus  Dec,  N.  DuHm. 

2  parviflora  Ser.    -  289 

3  riibra  Ser.  -  290 
C.    Vfhlus  ftHctu   rkbro 

Dec.  &  Lois. 
PrtbiiM  riibra  W.,  accord- 
ing to  Ait  H.  K.  2d  ed. 

4  bracteo^  Ser.     -  290 
ViUius  racimosa  Hort. 


XVIU 


CONTENTS. 


23.  virgimana  Mx.    291 

Vrimu*  rUbra  Ait  Hrt.  Kew. 
1st  ed..  WlUd.  Abb. ;  P.  argiua 
Blgelow  in  Litt :  Cermer  de 
Vir/iinte,  Fr.  ;  Virginisehe 
Kinche,  Ger. ;  Wild  Cherry 
Tree,  Atner. 

24.  (v.)  ser6tinaL*.291 

American  Bird-Cherry  Tree. 
^TrUmu  i€r6tina  W\\\d.  Ab., 
P.  virgiru'dna  Mill.  Diet. 

2  retuisa  Ser.         -  292 

25.  m6Uis  Doug.    -  292 

26.  CapoUin  Dec.    -  292 
TrUnus     virginiiina     Flor. 

Mexic.  Ic.  and  MSS.,  P.  cana. 
dhuit  Moc.  et  Setse  PI.  Mex. 
Ic.  ined..  Hem.  Mex. 

27.  nepalensis  Ser,  293 
Tritmu    gluwifhUa    Wall. 

MSS. 

B.  Svfcifi  of  Bird-  Cherry  Trees 
which  have  not  vet  been  in- 
troduced, or  (if  which  we  have 
not  seen  Plants.  —  C  acumi- 
nilita  fVall,^  C.  emarglnjlta 
Doug.,  C.  caprictda  G.  Don 
(P.  caprictda  Wall.,  P.  un- 
dutdta  liamtU.  In  D.  Don's 
Prod.  Nepal.,  C.  undulata 
Dec.).  C.  canadensis  Lois., 
C.  elUptlca  Lois.,  C.  panlcu. 
Uta  Lois.     -       -        -  2B3-4 

§  iii.   LaurocSrcui, 
The  Laurel-Cherry  Trees. 

28.  luHitanica  Loit,    294 

Common  Portugal  Laurel.  <>• 
PrftntM  lusitanica  Lin.  Sp. : 
the  Cherry  Bay :  Cerisier  Lau- 
rier  du  Portugal,  Fr. ;  Axarei- 
ro,  Portuguese. 

2  Hixa  Ser.  -  294 

TrUnus  Htxa  Broussonet. 
P.  inultiglanduSbsa' Cay . 
C.  }lixzlV.etB.Hist.C. 

29.  Laurocerasus  L.  295 
Common    Laurel..— PHknia 

Lauroc6rasus  Lin.  Sp. :  Cherry 
Bay,  Cherry  iMurel :  Laurier 
au  Lait,  Laurier  Cerisier,  Lau- 
rier  Atnandier,  Fr. ;  Kirsche 
jAfrbeer,  Ger. ;  Lauro  di  Tre- 
bisonda,  ItaL 

2  varlegata  Hort,      295 

3  angustifob'a  Hort.  295 

.30.  caroliniana  Mx,  296 

Fritnus  caroliniina  Ait  Hrt. 
Kew.,  P.  semperv\rens  Wllld. 
Knum.,  VdduscaroUniilnaWXL 
Diet. :  Wild  Orange,  Amer. 

Sect  II.    Svi^MKM, 
VI.  Pu'rsh/^  Dec.  297 

Tigarea  PA.  Fl.  Amer.  Sept., 
not  of  Aublet 

1 .  tridentita  Dec.  -  297 
Tigarea   tridentdta  Pb.    Fl. 
Amer.  Sept.,  not  of  Aublet. 

Vri.  K^'rria  Dec.  298 

U.hbTU  L.,  C^rchorus  Tbunb., 
Spiraea  Camb. 


I.'jap6nica/>ec.    -  298 

Riibus  Jap6nicus  Lin.  Mant., 
C6rchorus  jap6nicus  Thunb. 
Fl.  Jap.,  Spirar'a  japdnica 
Camb.  Ann.  Sci.  Nat. :  Spirte 
du  Japon,  Fr. 

2  flore  pUno  298 

VIII.  Spikje'a  L.  -  299 

Spiraea  sp.  Cambessedes 
Mon.  Splr.  in  Ann.  Sci.  Nat. : 
Spirde,  Fr. ;  Spierstaude,  Ger. 

§  i.  Physoearpos  Camb. 

1.  opulifolia  L.       -  299 

Vtrginittn  Guelder  Rose, 
Nine  Bark,  Amer.;  Evonimo 
del  Canadd,  Ital. 

2  toment^Ua  Ser.  -  300 

3  mon6gyna  -  300 
S.  monogyna  Torrey. 

2.  capitata  Ph.       -  300 

S.  opuiifblia  var.  Hook. 

§  ii.    Chanue'dryon  Ser. 

3.  chamasdrifolia  L.  300 

S.  cantonihtsis  Lour. 

1  vulgaris  Cam.  3f  on.  300 

2  mddia   Ph.    Fl   Am. 
Sept.y  Camb.  Man.  300 

3  oblongifolia  CM.  301 
S.  oblongifblia  Waldst  et 

Kit.  Pi.  Hung. 

4  subracemosa  Ser,  301 

5  incisa  Hort.        -  301 
S.  diama:dri.  latifdlia  Ht. 

4.  (c'.)«lmif6lia5r7;.30l 
S.  chamadrifblia  Jacq.  Hort 

Vindob. 

2.phyll&ntba  Ser,     301 

5.  (c.)  flexuosa  Fit,  301 

S.  alpma  Hort  Far.  accord- 
ing to  Camb.  &  Fisch.  In  Litt., 

5.  sibirica  Hort. 

Varieties  or  Sunonymes.  —  S. 
flexudsa  latuitliii  Hort.,  S. 
dadrlca  Hort.,  S.  ulM(flUia, 
S.  carplnlfblia,  S.  tetulsefblia, 
in  Messrs.  Loddiges's  Collec- 
tion      -        -        -        -  308 

6.  (c.)  f ratffigifolia  L.302 

7.  (c.)ietulaEf6liaP.302 

?  S.  corymbdsa  Raf.  In  Desv. 
Jouru.,  'r  S.  cratagifbUa  Lk. 
Enuin. 

8.  cuna  Waldst.  et  K,  302 

9.  trilobata  L.        -  303 

S.  triloba  Don's  Mill. 

10.  alpina  Pall.      -  303 

11.  Aypericifolia  X)r?.  303 
lAypiricum  fr^Oex    Hort. : 

Italian  May. 

1  ural^nsis  Ser.     -  303 
S.  crendta  Lin.,  Fisch.  in 

Lltt,  and  Don's  Mill. 
S.  hypericifblia  Camb.  M. 

2  Plukenettafuz  Sr.  304 
S.  hyprn'ci/blia  Lin.  Sp., 

Ph.,  Don's  Mill. 
S.  li.  var.  $  Dec.  Fl.  Fr. 


3  acuta  Ser.  -         -  304 
S.  acutiJbUa  Wllld.  Knm.« 

Camb.  Mon.,  and  D.  M. 

S.  sibirica  Hort  Par.,  ac- 
cording to  Camb.  Mua. 

S.  ambigua  Pall. 

4  crenata  Ser.       -  S04 
S.  obovdta  Waldst.  et  Kit. 

?  in  Willd.  En.,  Camb. 

Monog.,  Barr.  Ic.  Bar. 
S .  hypericifblia  y  Dec.  Fl . 
S.  crendta  Lin.  Sp.,  Cam. 

Mon..  Don's  MiL,  Lo.  C. 

5  savr&nica  Ser.     -  304 
S.    savranica    Besser    in 

Litt..  Don's  Mill. 
S.  creniUa  Pall.  Fl.  Rou. 
S.  hypericifblia  var.  fi  Ion. 

gifbUa  Led.  Fl.  R.  A.  lU. 

6  Bessenana  Ser.     304 
S.  ereniita  in  Litt. 

S.  savrSniea  0  BetserikiM 
Don's  MiU. 

Other  Varieties  or  Shjfnot^fmea. 
—  S.  Inflexa  (Hort.  Soc. 
Gard.),  S.  obuvita  Wendland 
(Hort  Soc.  Gard.),  5.  ar- 
g^ntea  (Lodd.  Collection),  S. 
cuneJita  (tfo.),  S.  ndna  (do.}, 
S.  alplua  (do.),  S.  acutifblla 
(do.),  S.  decf&mbens  (do.)  304 

12  (A.)^halictrdide8  305 

S.  aqwlegifblia  Pall.  Itin.,  S. 
hypericifbtta  var.Jldpo,  and  S. 
afyina  latifbtia. 

13.  cuneifolia  Wall.  305 

S.  caniscens  Don.  Prod.,  Dec 
Prod.,  Don's  Mill. ;  S.  arghttets 
Hort 

14.  pikowiensis  Bet.  305 

15.  ceanothifblia  Hn.'d03 

16.  corvmbdsa  Raf.  306 
2  sororia       -         -  306 

S.  sorbria  Pen.  In  Ht.  Br. 

17.  racciniifolia  Z)  J>.306 

S.  adiantifblia  Hort. 

18.  laxifldraLzW/.    306 

19.  bella  Sims.        -  306 


§  iii.    Sptrdria  Ser. 
20.  <alicif6Iia  L.     -  307 

Spiree^a/rktex  Hort. :  Bride- 
wort,  Queen's  Keedtetcork. 

1  cirnea  Ait.  Ht.  K.  307 

2  alpestris  Pal  Fl.    307 
S.  alpfstris  Don's  Mill. 

3  paniculata  WiUd.  Sp.y 

AU.  H,  K.     -  307 
S.  alba  Ehrh.  Beitr. 

4  latifoHa  Willd.  Sp.  307 
S.  obovdta  Raf.  in  Litt., 

not  of  Walldst  et  Kit. 
accordinff  to  Willd.  En. 
S.  carrintfulia  Willd.  En., 
Don's  Mill. 

5  grandiflora         -  308 
S.  grandiflbra  Lod.  Bt.  C. 

6  taurica      -         -  308 
S.  taurica  Hort. 

Other  Varieties  or  Synonymes, 
—  S.  canadensis,  S.  ttrtice- 
fblia,  S.  lacinlilta,  S.  chams- 


CONTENTS, 


XIX 


drifblU,     S.    UoceolUa,    5. 
cm7|»inifblta,  5.  reflexa,  S.  bu 

21.  Menziesa  Hook.  308 

22.  tomentosa  L.  -  308 

S.  DougidMii  Hook,  FL  Bor, 


23.  lasTigata  L,      -  30.9 

S.  aUaicinsi$  Lax.  Nor.  Act. 
Petrop..    S.  alxdiea  Pall.   FI. 


24.  oriaeiolia  iSini;;^    309 

$  IT.  Sorharia  Ser. 

25.  jorfnfdlia  i.     -  309 

MomchSfetb. 


2a]pinm  PaLFLR.  309 
S-  gramdijibra  Swt.  H.  Br. 

26.  Iixi<ileyajiaWal.3J0 
A  Seittiiam  pfSBtda         .  aiO 


Sect.  III.  PomtTi'Li. 


IX.  J?U*BCS  i.       -  311 

The  Bramble— iloncr.i^dm. 
te^<T.  Fr. ;  Himbeere,  Brom- 
fecracroni,  Cer. ;  Bcmo,  luL 

S  L  XeoMv  penofe,  o^S — 7 
fai/lete. 

1.  auberectus  ^mi^.  31 1 

R.  iKoesMr  HaU.,  R.  pt^dtms 
•*  -  A  N.,  not  of  SuppL  to  Hng. 
Bqc_  which  is  a  muJJer  fonn  of 
h  atflidi  JF.  f  ^. ;  R.  coty/ii 
/?.^fe«  Wahlcaberg.  The  whole 
axKwdiDg  tt»  Uadl.  Syn.  of  the 
Brit.  Fl. 

2.  affiiiis  W.Sf  N.^  312 

B.  coffiasf  Dec.  ;  R.  fuftUw 
Sailth  io  Eng.  Fl..  LlndL  in 
Stb.  Br.  fl  cd.  1.;  R.  pliedtma 
B«Ttr  a  En^.  Bot.  SuppL 

2  bracteosus  Ser.  .  312 
R.  e.  y  ft  a  W.  ft  N.  RaU 


7.  cae^sius  L,         -  314 

The  Devberry. 
S  ar\'ensis  ff^.  ArA.  315 
R.  pscfdtf>c<rVim  WHhe. 

3  grandiflorus  Ser,   315 

4  piu-vifolius  fTol.     ^\5 

5  fol.  varieg.  ^orf.  315 

8.  cor>Iifoiius  SnM  315 

R.   vmigariM   W.  ft  N.,   R. 
memorHtua  Hejme. 

2  canus    Wai  315 

3  giaudulosus  IT.        315 

R  gloMduldsuM  Spreng. 
Aeeordmg  to  Dr.  Lindley,  the 
faUotomg  Bn'tuk  kinds  qf 
nkdtumojf  beatsociatedtcith 
R.  corytifblhu  Smith,  either 
at  related  nedeB^  or  at  wf 
rieties :  —  A.  macroph^Uus 
FF.  *  if.,  R,  eBTpinll^Iiua  W. 
\N.,  R.  Wico-Ater  W.  &  K., 
».  KS^leri  W.  ft  N.(R.  iiiA- 
tidut  W.  ft  N.),  R.  fflandu. 
Iftaui  Smith,  R.  riidl*  W,M  N. 
(R.  echiHdttulAadl.  Stu.  ed. 
I.,   Hort.  Brit),  R.  diversl- 


i 


a  micraDtfaus  i>.  Dr.  3 1 2 

R.  fomd/drus  Land,  in  Bot. 
B«3^  Mort.  Brit. 

4.  ocddentalis  L.  -  313 

R.  MiriFnMdiHU  Hort.,  R. 
tdie'm  fihieim  n^ro  Dill. :  the 
Amaericam  BramSu. 


5.  Jds'ns  Z/.  -        -  313 

Tbp  coennoa  Raapberry. — B. 
'  '^  Lam.  Fl.  Fr. : 
Fr  ;  gemeine 
re.  Germ.;  Frambo, 
mL  ;  Ao4p>«,  Pramboiie, 
nymde-herrf/,  Johns.  Ger. 

2  microphallus  f^.  313 

Otrdem    Tar*.  ~  Red-fmited, 

YeUoV'fruited,  White- fruit- 
ed, and  ooe  vhJcb  bears  twice 
Qthe  j«w. 

f  5.    Lanet  dligitaU^  of 
3 — Sleafidtu 

e.  hsia&tus  W,    -  314 


fWiiM  LindLSmt.  ed.l.,  (R. 
drversifdihu  Weihe,  Hort. 
Brit.)  -  .        -316 

9.  spectdbilis  Ph,      316 
R.  ribt/dMu  Willd.  Herb. 

10.  fruticosus  L.    -  316 

Thecommon  Blackberry R. 

disev/or  ft  R  abri^tmt  iu  Lindl. 
Syn.  of  Brit  Fl.ed.  1.:  Ronee 
commune,  Fr.j  Rankende  Htm- 
beere,    Ger.j    Row  Momtano, 

2  pompdnius  Ser.       3 1 6 

R,/ruticd$u9  *  W.  ft  N. 
8  ta6ricus  /Torf.        317 

4  fl^re  roseo-pl^no 
jBowr.  Cat        .  317 

5  foliis  variegatis      317 

6  leucocdrpus  Ser.   317 

11.  hlspidusZf.     .    317 
R.  trivitUit  Michx.  FI.  Bor. 

Amer.,  R.procimbem  Hiihl.. 
ILftageUdrU  Willd. 

§  iiL  Leaves  iobed,  noipin~. 
fuUe  or  dUgUate. 

12.  odoratusZr.  *      317 

YLoccideni^a  Hort.,  bat  not 
of  Lin.  :  the  Virginian  Ra$p~ 
berrif,  the,tlowering  Ra$pberry: 
Ronee  odorante,  Fr. ;  Row  del 
Canaddy  ItaL 

13.  nutkanu.s  Moc.  318 

R  odordtut  Hort,  not  Lin. 

Species  and  Varieties  qf  Rd- 
bus  best  deserving  qf  CtUtiva- 
tion  in  British  Gardens,  as  oma^ 
mental  Shrubs  -       >    183 

Other  Sorts  qf  ShmbbuRubuses. 
—R.  macropetalua  Dtn^.  MS. 
in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  R. 
dellciftwt  Torrejf  in  Ann. 
Lye,  R.  tniicem  Smith  In 
Reel's  Cyd.  (R.  eordifdUus 
D.  Don)         .  .   319 

X.  Potbnti'lui  L.  319 

The  Shrubby  Cinquefoil.— 
a  2 


PoteniiUe,    Fr  j    Fingerkraut, 
Ger. 

1.  fruticosa  L.       •319 

2  dahurica  Ser,     -  320 
P.  dahurica  Nest  Pot. 
P.fruticdsa  fi  Lehm.Pot. 

3  tenuiloba  Ser.    -  320 
P.fruticdsa  fi  Nestl.Pot., 

Lehm.  Pot.  32.  var.  >, 
P.  Jlorib6nita  Pursh  Fl. 

Aroer.    Sept,   Watson 

Dend.  Brit., 
P.  tenutfblia  Schlectend. 

Berl.  Mag. 

2.  glabra  Lodd.      -  320 

P.  fruticdsa  alba  Busch. 

3.  Salesovii  Steph.     320 

CoMARUM    pal6stre  L. 

320 
PotentiUa  Cbmarum  Scop. 

XI.  CowA^/^  D.  Don. 
l.plicata  D.Don     321 

Sect.  IV.  iZo'sEjB  Dec. 

XII.  JZo'sA  Toum,  321 

The  Rose  Tree.  ^Rhodd- 
pAoraNeck.  Elem.:  Rosier,  Fr.; 
Rosenstock,  Ger.  ;  Rooxeboom, 
Dutch ;  Rosi^o,  Ital.  ;  Rosai, 
Span. ;  Rosiera^  Portuguese. 

§  L  Ferdces  Lind.  Monog. 
1.  ferox  Laivr.     .    322 

R.  kamtsch&tica  Red.  Ros., 
R.  kamtschatica  fi/eror  Ser.  in 
Dec.  Prod.,  R.  cchindta  Du- 
pent. 

S  nltens  LindL  in  Bot. 

Reg.,  Ser.    in    Dec. 

Prod.       -      -       322 

2.  (f.)  kamtschatica  322 

§  ii.  Braetedta. 

3.  bracteata  Wend/,  323 

Lord  Macartney's  Rose. 

2  scabricaulis  JLtitd.323 

3  flore  pleno  Hort.  323 

4  MariaLeonidalT.  323 

'  4.  microph^llai?ar&.  323 

Hoi-ton/i-.hong^  Chinese. 

5.  involucrata  Jioxb.  324 

R  Lindleykna.  Tratt.  Ros.,  R. 
pal4stris  Buchan.  (Ham.)  MS. 

§  ilL  Cinnamdmea  Lindl. 

A.   Species   Natives  of  North 
America. 

6.  liicida  Ehrh.       -  324 
R.  rW>ra  lUcida  Rosslg.  Ros.,  * 

R.  lUcida  Jacq.  Fragra. :  Rose 
Turneps ;  Rosier  d  Peui/les  de 
Prine,  Fr. 

7.  nltida  W.  .  .S25 

R.  Redutea.  rttfiscens  Thory 
in  Red.  Ros. :  the  dwarf  La- 
brador Rose. 


XX 


CONTENTS. 


d.  i2apa  Bosc      -     325 

R.  tirgida  Pen.   Bnch.,  R. 
'rnxini/bUa  Dumont  in  Coun. 
ut.  Cult. 

.  par vj flora  Ehrh,    325 

liie  Pennsylrantan  Rote.— R. 

hUmilU  Marth  Arb.,  R.  caroli' 

nihna  Mich.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  R. 

caroUrui  y  eti  Alt.  Hort.  Kew. 

2  flore  pleno  Red.  B,  326 
lO./raxinifolia  Bork,  326 

R.  virginidna  Mill.  Diet.,  R. 
blanda  «  Sol.  MS.,  Jacq.  Frag., 
K.  cor^n6d.vaBosc.Dict.d*  Agr., 
K.  alphta  fi  Ait.  Hort.  Kew., 
R.  alphta  Uf^via  Red.  Rm., 
Lawr.  Ros. 

Other  North  American  SpecieM. 
—R.  \Vo6daJi  Lindl.,  B.  Ca- 
rolina Lin.t  R,  LLndldy^ 
Spreng. 

B.  Spxie$  Native$  qf  Nepal. 

11.  raacrophyilaL.326 

C.  Spedei  Native*  qf  Continental 
Europe. 

12.cinnam6ineaJ?f«/.  326 

R.  faecundhstma  Muncli. 
IlauKT.,  R.  mqfdiis  Henn.Diss. 

Ot/ier  European  Species  not 
Natives  of  Britain.— R.  fru- 
tet6rum  Be*s.^  /I.ta6ricaA>6. 
and  B.  dahtxrica  PaU.       327 

O.  Species  Natives  qf  Britain. 

13.  (c.)  mamlis  Retz.  327 

R.  miUica  Fl.  Dan.,  R.  spi^ 
norissima  Gorter.  Ingr.,  R.  col- 
lincola  Klirh.  Beitr.,  R.  cinna- 
mdmea  Eng.  Bot. 

14.  Bicksoniana  L.    327 

§iv.  PimpineUifdluBUndl, 
A.  Species  Natives  of  Europe. 
IS.alplnalr.    -    -    328 

R.  rupistris  Crania.  Austr., 
R.  monspcQaca  Gouan  Monsp., 
R.  intrmis  Mill.  Diet.,  R.  hp. 
brida  Vill.  Dauph.,  R.  Inge- 
n^ria  VIU..  R.  bifldra  Krok. 
FL  Sib. 

2  lae'vis  Sir.   not  Desv. 

or  Red.  -    328 

R.  SanguisSria  nu^fdris, 

4c.,  Dill.  Elth. 
R.  alphta  glhbra  Detv. 
R.  a.  vulgdris  Red.  Ros. 

3  speciosa  Hort.       328 
Drummond's  Thomless. 

Other  Varieties.  •  328 

16.  suavis  Willd.    -  328 

17.  sulphurea  Ait.     329 

R.  hemisphtrica  Hcrm.Dls*., 
R.  glaucophylla  Ehrh.  Bcitr.. 
ISibsa  UUea  fio  ^e  pleno  Rai  Hist., 
R.  liuea  Brot.  Fl.  Lus. :  the 
double  yellow  Bose. 

18.  sanguisorbifol  J>.  329 

R.  spinosissima  var.  sangui. 
sorbifbba  Lindl.  Ros.,  R.spittos. 
var.  fnatropk^lla  Scr.  in  Dec. 
Prod. 


B.  Species  Natives  qf  Siberia. 

19.  grandifldra  LindL  329 

R.  pimpinellifblia  Bieb.  Fl. 
Taur. 

C.  Species   Natives  qf  North 
America  and  Siberia., 

20.  lutehcens  Fvrth  329 
R.  hispida  Curt.  Bot.  Mag. 

2 1 .  my  riac^  ntha  Dec.  330 

R.  parv^ia  Pall.  Ross.  ?, 
'SLprovincidlis  Bieb.  FLTaur.  ?, 
R.  spinosissima  var.  j|  myria- 
cantha  Ser.  in-  Dec.  Prod. 

22.  revdrsa  IV.  <J-  K.  330 

D.  Species  Natives  qf  Britain, 

23.  spinosf ssima  Zr.    330 

Tlie  Scotch  Rose. 

Varieties      ...  330 

24.  ruWUa  5^;nJ/A    -  331 

25.  hib^rnica  Smith   331 

26.  Wf Isoni  Borr.  -  33 1 

27.  involuta  SmUh  -  331 
R.  nivdlis  Donn  Hort.  Cant. 

28.  SaWni  Woods  -  332 

Var.—B.  S.  gr4clUs  H.  S. 

29.  Donirina  Woods  332 
R.  Sabm\  0  LindL  Ros. 

§  v.    CentifiUcB  Lindl. 

30.  damascena  Mill.  332 

The  Damask  Rose.  —  R.  bet- 

S'ca  Mill.  Diet. ;  R.  calenddrtim 
[unch.  HausT.  ex  Bork.  Holz., 
Rosslg.  Ros. ;  R.  b^era  Poir. 
Ruppl.,    Red.    Ros.  :    Rose  d 
quatre  Seasons. 
Varieties .       .       -       -  333 

31.  centifolia  L.     -  333 
The  Provence,  or  Cabbage, 

Rose. —  R.  provincidlts  Mill. 
Diet.,  R.  polyanthos  Rossig. 
Ros.,  R.  caryophyllea  Poir. 
Suppl.,  R.  unguieuJ^a  Desf. 
Cat.,  R.  vdrians  Pohl.  Bohem. 

1  provincidlis  Mill.  333 
The  Provence,  or  Cabbage, 

Roses  I  among  which  are, 
the  royal  and  cabbage  blush, 
the  carmine,  the  cluster,  the 
Duchesse  d'Angouleme,  the 
Provence  (of  which  there 
are  upwards  of  20  subvars.), 
the  prolific,  the  striped  nose, 
gay,  and  the  Versailles. 

2  muscosa  Mill,      -  334 
The  Moss  Bases;   among 

which  are,  the  common 
single,  the  common  double, 
the  blush,  the  dark,  the 
striped,  the  white,  the 
crested  moss,  and  many 
others. 

3  pompdnia  Dec.    -  334 

The  Pompone  Bases  N. 
Du  Ham.,  R  pompbnia  Red. 
Ros. ;  among  which  are,  the 
Rose  de  Mcaux,  the  mossy 
de  Meaux,  the  dwarf,  and 
small  Provence,  the  Rose 
de  Rheims,  and  the  com- 
mon and  proliferous  pora. 
pone. 


32.  gillica  L.         -  334 

R.  centtfbb'a  Mill  Diet,  R. 
sylvdtica  Gater.  Mont,  R.  rit- 
bra  Lam.  FL  Fr.,  R.  hoUtse- 
ricea  Rossig.  Ros.,  R.  b6lgica 
Brot  Fl.  Lus.,  R.  blanda  Brot. : 
Rose  de  ProvinSt  Fr.;  Essig 
Rose,  Ger. 

Varieties        -       -       -  834 

§  vi.    ViUdsiB. 

A.  Natives  of  Middle  Europe, 
not  (tf  Britain. 

33.  turbinata  Ait.  -  335 

The  Frankfort  R<ise.— R.  cons- 
pttnuliUa  Ehrh.  Beitr.,  ¥Lfiran~ 
eq/ortidna  Munch.  Hausv.,  R. 
ftran<;furUnsis  Rossig.  Ros. 

1  francofurtdna  Ser.  SS5 

2  orbessina  Ser.    -  335 

34.  ftlba  L.    '        -  336 

R.  usitatissima  Gat  Montaut>. 

B.  Natives  qf  Europe  and 
Britain. 

35.  villdsa  L.         -  336 

R.  mdllis  Sm.  in  Eng.  Bot., 
R.  towentbsa  $  Lindl.  Roa.,  R. 
hetcrovhylla  Woods,  R.  pomt- 
/era  Herm.  Diss. 

Varieties         .       -       -  836 

36.  tomentdsa  Sm.  -  336 

R.  vWbsa  Ehrh.  Arb..  Du 
Roi  Harbk.,  Fl.  Dan. ;  R.  tnoi- 
lissima  Bork.  Holz. ;.  R.  di»&ia 
Wibel  Wirth.;  R.  viUdsa  0 
Huds. 

§  vii.   RubiffindseB  Lindl. 

A.  Species  Natives  qf  Britain. 

37.  rubiginosa  L,   -  337 

The  Sweelbriar,  or  Eglan- 
tiue.  —  R.  suavifbHa  Lightf. 
Scot.,  Fl.  Dan. ;  R.  Eglant^ria 
Miil.  Diet.,  Lin.  Sp.  ed.  1.  ; 
R.  agrislis  Savi  Fl.  Pis.;  R. 
rubigiubsa  parvifidra  Kau. 
Enum. 

Varieties         -       -       -  337 

38.  micrantha  Sm.  -  337 

R.  rubigindsa  6  micrantha 
Lindl.  ,Ros.,  with  erroneous 
synonymes. 

39.  sepium  Thuil.  -  337 

R.helvitiea  and  R.  myrtifblia 
Hall.,  R.  can}na  Dec.  FL  Fr. 
ed.  3.,  R.  agrSstis  Savi  PM.  Pis. 
R.  biscrrdta  Mer.  FL  Par.  ex 
Desv. 

40.  inodora   -        -  338 

R.  dumetdrum  Eng.  Bot.  ; 
R.  Bdrreri  Sm.  Eng.  FL,  Don's 
Mill. :  R  rubigindsa  var,  ino^ 
ddra  Lindl.  Ros. 

B.  Species  Natives  qf  Middle 

Europe, 

41.  lutca  D.  Don   -  S.'iS 

R.  Eglantdrla  Lin  Sp.,  Red, 
Bos. ;  R.  faftida  Herm.  Diss.  ; 
R.  chlorophylto  Ehrh.  Beitr.  ; 
R.  eerea  Kossig.  Ros. 

2  subrtibra  Red.  R.  338 

3  punicea  Lind.  R.  S:i8 
R.   punicea   Mill.    Diet, 

Rossig.  Rot. 


CONTENTS. 


XXI 


B.  cfwMwawfti  B.  FLGer. 

K.  Iktea  hieoior  Jmcq.  \tn. 
d(4>.,  Lovr.  Bm..  fit  M. 

R.  Egi  fMoHora  Red.  Roa, 

R.  £^.  Mcolor  Dc.  Fl.  Fr. 
4florepleiio         .  338 

WmitmuTs  49mUe  peOow 
Suptet  Brimr, 
5  Hoggit  D.  Don    SS9 

Hogx*M§felknff  Jmer.  Bote. 

0KAcr  Spedes  hOonflng  to  tkiw 

Seetiem /L  ib6nca  Sm,  R. 

riuiiirfn  Sm..  R.  Kltkii 
Bess^  JZ.  nttTdoIens  Pwu-tk^ 
B.  MoptegtoKT  Homb. 

$  vui.  Gbiums  landl. 


A.  Sptctfs 


qfSrOiMim. 


42.  caniaaX.         -  339 
R.  dMmidHt  Beclist.  Forrtb. ; 

R.  gmdrga^fnsu  Bat.  FI.  Main. 
ct  Loir.,  Bed.  Roa. :  R.  glaiett 
Ujte. ;  R.  mrwfmsu  Schnnk  Fl. 
M.;  R.giamei9een$  Mer.  Par. ; 
R.  Mjfeiu  Mer. ;  R.  teneriffimn* 
Doaa  Hott.  Cant.  ed.  & ;  R. 
atmticdta  Adiar.  Acad.  Handl. 

2  acipbjUa  UndL     339 

R.  aapk^ia  Rao.,  Rod. 
Ofikr  ymrietirt,    -      -      339 

43.  Fo-steri  Sm.     -  339 

R.  eeiDna  /8  *  r  Woodc  in 
Lia.Trai». 

44.  duinet6niinT&iii/.340 


R.  leataalha  &  aeutiflUa 
Baac  in  Dec.  Fl.  Fr.«  R.  aeptum 
BorUi.  ex  Baa.  Enum.,  R. 
laitHOitt  Bess.  Prim.  H.GalL, 
R.  ftiifiaft^/kya  Gmd.  Fl.  Bad. 


45.  sanneDtacea  Sw.  340 

R.  fUmrmkjiUa  Winch  Geog. 
Du.,  R.  oBMbi  Roth  FL  Ger. 

46.  cff'sia  Sm.        -  340 
B   eoMOM  pmbiscnu     Afi. 

Bo&.  Suae.  Tent.,  R.  omma  C 
€^'siM  UndL  Rot. 

B.  Speda  NattPes   ^  MidtOe 
Europe. 

47.  rubrifolia  ViU.  -  340 

B.  antteJEdre  Rqna.  Act.Laos., 
B. rwkie6»da  Hall.  fll.  in  Roem. 
Airh,,  B.  Arida  Andr.  Ros., 
B  naatwiamfgymArZ/a/toRed. 

C.  Species  Kaitpe*  of  Asia. 

48.  caucasica  Pfl//.  -  341 
R.  Umdntha  Bleb.  Fl.  Taur. 

49.  indica  JD.     -     -  341 

B.  dnica  LJo.  Sytt.,  B.  »em- 
perfiifrefu  camea  RoMig.  Rot. 
B.  iatfaca  dkhiinsu  temipUna 
Ser.  Mel.,  B  recUnita  fi&re 
taimmnkfiki  Red.  Rot.:  IA« 
aoiiiM^  Rate^  the  hlutk  China 
Scte,  tke  Tett-teenud  Ro$e : 
Botfrr  imHen,  Rom  Tki,  Fr.  \ 
Jmdiaeke  Rounder. 

S  NotsettiaM  Ser.    342 

porpiim  Red.    342 
nivea      -         •  342 
Aimt  Vibert. 
Sa&xhn  -         -  342 
SmWa  YeOovNoiteUe 


3  odoratissiinaZtiuiL  342 

R.  odoTttihuiwta  Swt.  Hort. 

Sub.  Lood. 
R.  imdictt  Jrignmt  Red. 
Roe. 
Tke     fweetett,     or    tea~ 

scented,  China  Rote. 
Rose  a  Odeur  de  Tkd,  Fr. 

4  loQgifolia  LindL  342 
R.  Umgifblia  Willd.  Enum. 
^.snsperfloreiu  var.j.tV. 

DuHuB. 
B.  uUicifiitia  Hort. 

5  pikmilaLiiuiL  i2.   342 

6  caryoph^llea  iZed.  342 

7  pannosa  jRed      -  342 

8  cxuhkt^ Red.  a$id Don" 9 

MilL       -         -  3-12 

9  Frasen^na  Hort.  3  12 
lOrugaLiiMfl.  B.  R.  343 

1 1  ocliroleikca  B.  R.  343 

12  flav^scens    -        -  343 

The  true  tea-scented  China 
Rose. 

13  filairisD.  Don  -343 

50.  semperflorens  C.  34-3 

Kjdioersffdlia  Vent,  (els.,  K. 
bengoKnsig  Pers  Eoch.,  11. 
tndica  Red.  Ros. 

51.  Lawrencedna  S.  343 

R.  semperjlbrens  minima 
Simi  Bot.  Mag.,  R.  acumindta 
vnr.  m  acunu'ndta  KfHl.  Ros., 
R.  indica  LawreucekiUL  Red. 
Ros. 

52.8ericeBiLindI.    -  344 

§  is.  S^ttyliB  Lrndl. 

A.  Species  Natives  of  Britain 
and  other  Parts  of  Europe. 

53.  systyla  Bat.      -  344 

R.  cotOna  Sm.  in  Eng.  Rot , 
R.  stjfldsa  Desv.  Journ.  Bot., 
R.  brevistvia  Dec  Fl.  Fr.  Sup., 
R.  hractedta  Dec.,  U.  systyla  « 
ovdte  Lindl.  Kos. 

54.  arv^nsis  Huds.  -  344 

/2.  Sfflvfstris  Hem.  Diss. ;  R. 

scdndens    Manch  Weiss. ;    R. 

herpirhodon  Ehrb.  Beitr.  ;  R. 

H^ieri  KtoIc.  Sites. ;  It.  J(isia 

Mcench    Meth.  ;     R.    serpens 

Ehrh.  ArlMir. ;  R.  sempervtrens 

Rosslg.  Ros.  ;  W.  revetts  Gmel. 

Fl.  Bad.  Al^.,  Jacq.  Fragm.;  R. 

rdmpans  Itryn.  Mem.  Laus. 

S  ayreshirea  Ser.  -  345 

R.    capreol^ta     N'eill    in 

Rdln.  Phil.  Journ. 

3  hybrids  Lindl.  R.  845 

B.  Species  Natives  of  Middle 
Europe. 

55.  (a.)semper\'iren8345 

R.  tcandt^u  .Mill.  Diet.  R.  ba- 
le£rica  Desf.  Cnt.,  Pers.  Encli.; 
R.  atrov'treus  Vir.  Fl.  Ital.  ; 
R.  semperv'irrna  giobd^a  Red. 
Ros.;  R.  sempervtrens  var.  u 
seandens  Dec.  Fl.  Fr. 

3  Russelliana       -  346 
3  Claret        -         -  346 
'Ike  Rose  Clare. 

a  3 


C.  Spea'es  Natives  qfJsia,  and 
one  qf  them  of  Africa. 

56.  niuUifl6ra7'Aun^.346 

R.  JIdifa    Donn,    R.  fldrida 
Poir.  Suppl.,  R.  diffusa  Koxb. 

2  Grevillei  Hort.  -  346 
R.  Ro*b6reki\   Hort. 
'R.platyphifUa  Rtii.  Ros. 
Tke  St-ven  Sisters  Hose. 

Boursauitt  Hort.      S47 

57.  Brunonii  Limll.  347 

R.  ^rdirnii  Spreng.  ggst. 

58.  iiioschata  Mi//.   347 

R.  opsotffmma  Khrli.  Beltr., 
R.  fttanduttfera  Roxb. 

2  flore  pleno  G.  Don  347 

3  nivea  LinHl.  B.  R.  348 
R.  nirea  Dupont,  not  of 

Dec. 
R.  wi.  f  rar.  rbsea  Ser. 

4  nepal^nsis  L^ndl.  348 

Other  Fars.  —  Tiio  fringed. 
Princesse  de  Nassau,  and 
Tea-scented     •  -  348 

D.  Sjieeies  Natives  cj  North 
America, 

59.  iTibifolia  7?.  ^r.    348 
§  X.  Banhs\kn8a  Lindl. 

60.  sinica  AU.        -  349 

llie  trifoliate-leaved   Ciiiua 

Rose R.  trijolihta  Rose  Diet. 

ox  Poir.,  IX.temota  Poir.  Sup., 
R.  cherokeensit    Donn    Hort. 
(*ant.,    R.  niven    Dec.    Hort. 
Monsp.,  Red.Kos.,  U.  hpstrix 
Lindl.  Monog.,  R.  taoigata  Mx. 

6 1 .  Banks/or  R.  Br.  349 

R.  BanksUina.  Abel  Chin.,  R. 
inirntis  Roxb. 

2  lutea  Lindl.        -  349 

62.  microdirpaLm^/.  350 

R.  cytnbsa  Trait.  Ros. 

63.  hvstrix  lAndl.  -  350 

Other  Species  and   Varieties  oj 

IXbsa        '      .        .        -3.')0 

Soil  and  Situation    -        -  3.^) 

XIII.  LoVk^  Limll.  352 

Rdsa  sp.  Pall    &  Lindi.    in 
Ros.  Monog. 

1.  berbcri^oVin  Liiid/.  .S52 
R.  simpUciJbiia  Sai.  Hmt. 
Allert. ;  II.  berlMM  i/o/in  P-il, 
Lindl.  Ros.  #lonog.  French 
edition,  Dec.  Prod ,  Spreny. 
Sjrst.,  Wallrotb  Mouog. 
Varieties         -       -       -  3.0J 

Sect.  V.  Po*MEAC  Lindi. 

X IV.  Cr \TJE"(i V s  Lind/. 

The  Thcrn.  —Crat^'fiut  and 
MispHus  sp.  L.  and  others :  Ne- 
JIfer,  Alisier,  Aftl.vp'ne,  Fr. ; 
Doom,  Vxbeer,  Mhprt,  Gcr. ; 
Doom,  Dutch  ;  Cratscgo,  Ital. ; 
Esptno^  Span. 

§  i.   Coccinect. 
1.  coccinea  L.      -  -353 

C.  asft'vdlis  Booth ;  }A(spil»s 
testivdlis  Walt.  Fl.  Car.}  M. 


XX  u 


CONTENTS. 


eocdnea  Mill.,  N.  Du  Hsxn. : 
Tkomle$9  American  Azaroie: 
N^'er  icarlate.  Ft.  ;  Schar- 
lacArothe  Mispel^  Ger. ;  Laxxe- 
ruolo  rosso,  Ital. 

2  coriJlina    -         -  354 
C.  coraUfna  Lodd.  Cat. 
C.    j»yrif6rmis,     and    C. 

pectinhta^  of  lome  col. 

3  indcntata     -      -  854 
C.  indentAta  Lodd.  Car, 
C.  ge6rgica  Doug. 

4  mkximaLod.Cat.  354 
C.  c.  spindsa  Godefh>7. 
C.  acerifblia  Ilort. 

C.  fflabcUdta  Hort. 

5  neap>olitana  Hort.  354 
MSspiius  constantinopoli- 

tdna  Godef^oy. 

2.  glandulosa  W,    -  354 

?C.sangtunea  Pall.  FL  Ros., 
"^yiSsDitus  rotundifbUa  Ehrh. 
R.,  Pj^riM  glandtUdsa  Moench 
C.  rotundifolia  Booth. 

2  succul^nta  FUch.  354 
Mispilus  suceuiinta  B. 

3  subvillosa  •        -  355 
C.  subvillbsa  Flsch. 

§  ii.  Punctata. 

3.  punctata  Ait,      -  355 
C.  Crus-galU  Du  Rol.  Mj«. 

Df^iM  eunei/blia  Ehrh.  Beitr., 
M.  ptmctdla  Lk.  Enum.  M. 
Cornelia  Lam.  Encyc. 

2  rikbra  Pktr«A        -  356 
C.  ediJis  Ronalds. 

3  riibpa  stilcta  ffort,356 
C.p.  stricta  Ronalds. 

4  aurea  Ptirsh        -  356 
C.  p.Jldva  Hort. 
C.(fii/rf'<  Ronalds. 
C.^Jtfi>Lodd.  Cat. 

C.  perUaafnafldva  GodeF. 

5  brevispina  Doug.   356 

4.  /jyrifolia  ^/7.      -  356 

Cleucoohla^os  (vhitc-barked) 
Moenrh  WeUs.,  C.  radidta  Lod. 
Cat.  18.36,  C.  Umtfntbsa  Du  Roi 
Harbk.,  C.  lalJbUa  Per*., 
Mispilus  lat\fbU'a  Lam.  Enc, 
M.  calpodindron  Ehrh.  Beltr., 
M.  ^pyrifolia  Link  Enum.,  M. 
comifbfia  Poir.,  C.  iatifUia  Ro- 
nalds, C.  corwjblia  Booth: 
LaxtaroUo  perino,  Ital. 

§  iii.  MaeracdntiuB. 

5.  macrac^ntha  Iwm/.  357 

C.  glanduldsS  fi  macr&ntha 
Lindl.,  C.  spina  tongissima 
Hammersmith  Nursery,  Cpy. 


rffidia  Torrey. 
2  minor 


-  358 


§  iv.  Crus-gaUi, 
6.  Cr(is-galli  L,      -  358 

C.  lacida  Wanff.  Am.,  Mill. 
Diet.;  C.  cunrffbtia  Lodd.  Cat.; 
Mfspi'lus  lUcida  Ehrh.  Beitr., 
M.  Cr6s-gdUi  Poir. ;  M.  Ajw". 
mdiis  Wait. ;  .M.  cuneifbUa 
Moench  :  Sefiier  Pied  de  Coq, 
Fr. ;  Gliinxende  MispH,  Ger. ; 
LaxzaroUo  spiiioso,  Ital. 

2  splendens  Dee,  -  359 
C.  !\rbftt'fblia  and  C  J|>   n- 
dWM  Lodd.  Cat. 


Spyracanthif.i^ec.  -  359 
C.   pyracanthijhlia  Lodd. 

Cat. 
"Uespilus     Ikcida      Dum. 
Cours.  Bot.  Cult. 

4  ralicifolia  Dec,   -  360 
C.  Mlicifblia. 

5  linearis  Dec,       •  360 
Mispilus    tinedris    Desf. 

Arb. 
C.  linedris  Lodd.  Cat. 

6  nana  Dec.  Prod.     360 
Mispilus  ndna  Dum.  Sup. 

7.  {c.)ovalifdlia//oni.360 

C.  eUiptica  Lodd.  Cat,  C. 
CrUs-gatli  oveUifiOia  Bot  Reg. 

8.  (c)^runif61ia^of(?  361 

Mi»ptlus  \irttnijblia  Poir. 
Diet.,  C.  caruiiuidua  Lodd. 
Cat.  :  LcBcxtrttolino,  ItaL 

§  V.  Nigra. 

9.  nigra  IV,  ^  K.    -  362 

Mispilus  nigra  Willd.  Enum., 
C.  earpatica  Lodd.  Cat. 
?  r.  fiisca  /oc^.       -  362 

10.  purpurea  Bote     363 

C.  san^inea  Hort 
2  altaica       -         -  363 
C.  aUdiea  Lodd.  Cat. 

$  vi.  Z>oti^ia«ii. 

11.  Douglas/i  Lindl.  364 

$  vii.  FltiviB. 

12.  flava  /(t^.  .  364 

C.  glanduldsa  Mx.  Fl.  Bor. 
.Amer.,  not  of  Walt,  j  M^*- 
pilus  MicAaHgii  Pers.  ^. ;  C. 
cardinidna  Poir.  Diet.;  C. 
Jlaviuima  Hort.;  C.  ?turbi' 
ndta  Pursh. 

13.  (f.)lobataJ?Mc  365 

Mispilus  lobcLta  Poir.  Suppl., 
C. /4/co  Poir. 

14.  (f )  trilobata  Z.  366 

C.  spinosusima  Lee. 
§  viii.  Apiifolia, 

15.  /ipiifolia  iVfr.    -  366 
C.   Oxyacdntha    Walt.    Ca- 
rol., C.  Vipiifbiia  rn^or   Lodd. 
Cat. 

2  minor        -         -  366 
C.  zpiifblia  Lodd.  Cat. 

§  iz.  Microcdrpa, 

16.  cordata  M*//.   -  367 

Mispilus    Pbandpvrum   L., 

M.  corddta  Mill.,    C.  populi- 

fblia   Walt.    Car.    and   Pursh 

Sept.,  M.  acerifblia  Poir.  Diet. 

17.  spathulata  E//ioi  367 

C.  microearpa  Lindl.    Bot. 
Reg.,  Cjldrida  Godefroy. 
2  ge.'jrgica    -         -  368 
C.grdrgfca  Lod. 

§  X.  Azaroli. 

18.  Azarohis  L.       -  368 
Vjrus  Azarblus  Scop  Cam.^ 

J.  BauA.  Hist.  ;  Mispilus  Asa- 


r61us  AH.  Fed.,  N.  Du  Ham. : 
N^'er  AxaroU,  Niftier  dt 
Naples^  B'pine  d'Espaene, 
Pommettes  d  deux  Closes^  Fr.  , 
Axarol  Mispel^  Ger.;  Azxe' 
ruolo,  Ital. 

Vars. —In  the  N.  Du  Ham. 
are  enumerated  :  —  L   Afes* 

Eilus  ArbniOj  with  the  leaves 
airy  beneath  ;  2.  Asarole, 
witi)  large  deep-red  fruit ;  3. 
Azarole,  with  yellowish  white 
fruit;  4.  Azarole,  with  long 
fruit  of  a  whitish  vellow  ;  5. 
Azarole,  with  double  Howeri ; 
6.  The  White  Azarole  of 
Italy.       ...       -  369 

19.  (i4.)  marocc^na  369 

?  C.  tnaHra  Lin.  fil.  Sup.  ac- 
cording to  Dec. :  Sarrour^ 
Arabic. 

20.  y^ronia  Bosc     -  370 

M^«pi/i»Ardm'aWilId.Enum. 
SuppL  and  N.  Du  Ham.,  C. 
Azardlus  fi  Willd.  sp.,  C./issa 
Lodd.  Cat. 

2 1 .  orientalis  Bosc    37 1 

Mispilus    orientdlis   Tourn 
and  Poir.  Suppl.,  C.  odoratis^ 
sima  Bot   Kep.  and  Lod.  Cat., 
C.  tanacet{fblia  var.  /3  taHrica 
Dec.  Prod. 

2  sanguinea  -  371 

C.  sanguinea  Schrad.  Ind. 
Sem.  H.  Ac.  Got.  1834. 
C.  orientdlis  Lindl.  Bot. 
Reg. 

22.  tanacetifolia  P.    372 

Mispilus  tanacetifblia  Poir. 
Diet,  and  N.  Du  Ham.,  M. 
pinndta  Dum.  Cours.,  ?  M^^ 
pUus  Cels^nsL  Dum.  Court. 
Suppl.  according  to  Dec.  : 
Laxxeruolo  iurco,  Ital. 

2  glabra  Lodd.      -  372 

3  Leeana      -         -  372 
C.  ineisa  Lee. 

Lee*s  Seedling^  Hort. 

§  xi.  Heterophylla. 

23.  heterophylla  F.  374 

$  xii.    OzyacdnifuB, 

24.  Oxyacantha  L.    375 

The  common  Hawthorn.— P^ 
racantha  of  the  Greeks  ;  Mes' 
pilus  Oxunc&ntha  Gcrtn.  and 
N.  Du  Ham. :  E'pine  blanche, 
noble  E'pine,  Bois  de  Mai, 
ScueUeir  Aubipine,  NeJUerAub- 
ipine,  Fr. ;  Hagedom  gemei. 
nerWn'ssdom,C,er. ;  Hagetoan, 
Dan.  ;  Hagelorn,  Swed. ;  A' 
canta  da  Stcpe,  Atxarolo  salva- 
tico,  and  Bianco  Spino,  Ital. ; 
Espino  bianco.  Span. :  White 
Thorn.  Maybush,  Quick,  Qutck- 
set.  May. 

A.  Varieties  d^fftring  Jhmt  the 
Species  in  the  general  Form 
and  Mode  qf  Growth. 

2  stricta  IamL  Cat.    375 
C.  O.  rigida  Ronalds. 

3  pendula  Lod.  Cat.  376 

4  reginas  ffort.      -  376 
Qiu-t-n  Mary's  "norn. 

5  Ceisidna  Hort.     37*" 


CONTENTS. 


XXUl 


6capitata  Sm.  Ayr  377 

7  flexuofia  Sm.  Ayr  377 

B.  Varietiet  ifffhing  im  the 
Cokmr  cf  tie  Flomers. 

8  roseo  Hart.         -  377 
Ppmier  Marrom,  Fr. 

9  punicea  Lod.  Cat  377 
C.  O.  rdteatw^irba  Hort. 

C.  Varieties  difiring  m  the 
DnHoffmaU  or  Strudmre  <^ 
tkenmmt. 

10  miiltiplez  HwL  377 
C.  O.jOrrpinio  Hort. 

llpunioeafl.  pldno377 
ISmooogyna         •  377 

C.  WMitfiymi  Jacq. 
IS  ap^tala  Lod.  CaLS77 

D.  rmrieties  dfffirmg   m  tke 

TtBK^  Hovering. 

14  pne  cox  Hort.    -  S77 
Tbc  Glastonbary  Thorn. 

15  aabirica       -      -   377 
C.  tOiriea  Lodd.  Cat. 

16  tnmjUinicA  B.  377 

E.  f  arietta  differing    in    the 

Cehmr  qf  tke  Frma. 

17  melanocarpa    -  378 
C.  Jissa  Lee. 

C.  O.  ptatypk^Oa  Lod. 
Cpiaiypk^la  LindL 

18  OKrenina  -     .  378 

COhftrUkxABosc. 
C.  OitWria  Lodd.  Cat. 
CortemaiiM  Lodd.  Cat. 

19  aurea  Hort,      -  379 
CJtara  Hort. 

50  aurantiaca  Booth  379 

51  leucodrpa         -  379 

F.  Farietks  differing  in  having 

Ae  Pnui  vfoolhf. 

22  eriocii^  lAndL   379 
C.  eriodrpa  Lodd.  Cat. 

G.  Farieba  differing   in  ike 

Perm  </  tke  Leopet. 

23  obtuaata  Dee.  P.  379 
HispAwa  Oxtfocemtka  in- 

iegrifbUay>  a]lr.Scbed. 
C.  fUffaeanihoideM  Thuil. 

Fl.  Bot.  Reg.  Dec.  Fl. 
C.  OttfoenntMa  Fl.  Dan. 
Tke  n'ench  Haufikom, 

24  ftiercifblia   B.     380 
25]anmaia     -      -  380 

C.  laeintiUa  Lodd.  Cat. 
26ptendifoHa        -  381 

C.  pteri/Uia  I^od.  Cat. 
37  oxrpbylla  Afoac.  381 

H.  rarieUet  diffhring    m    the 
Odamr  <ff  the  Leaves. 
28foIii9aurv»I,.C.381 
C.kittseent  Booth. 

29  foliU  arg^uteU     381 

30  lucida      -         -  381 

i  xiii.  PartifiUit. 
25.  parvifioKa  AH.  -  383 

M^«p>tesan2Ur£iPers.STli. ; 
M.  lomensbsa  Poir.  Diet. ;  M. 
«f  ftocaryw  Lin.  111.  Snppl.  ; 
H.  parrt/bUm  Wati.  Deod. 
Brit ;  Cratai'guM  tomentbsa  Lin. 
Sp.,  Trev  £hr. ;  C.  utt(fldra 


,  Da  Roi ;  C.  turbin^ia  Pnrsh  ; 

C.  viridig^  axiUarit^  hetul(niiia^ 
:  JI6rida,  Unedria  Lodd.  Cat. : 
h  Gooseberry-leaved  Thorn,  Lord 

Jlesr*s  Thorn. 

'       2  florida       -         .  383 
CflSrida  Lodd.  Cat. 
3  grossulariapfolia     383 
C.  Unedris  Lodd.  Cat 

26.  virgfnica  Lodd,    384 

C.  virghu'dna  Hort. ;  C.  ma- 
thnldta  Michx.,  Liodl. ;  C.  rt- 
ridis  Hort. 

$  xiv.  Mexic^neu 

27.  mexicana  JV/or.  384 

C.  stfpuJdcea  Lodd.  Cat,  C. 
Lambert^nh  Hort. 

$  XT.  Vyraedniha. 

28.  Pvrac4nthaP«-#.385 

Mfsp'tius  Vyrac6ntha  L. : 
Evergreen  Thorn  :  Bnisson  ar- 
dent^ Fr. ;  immergrllne  Mispelt 
Ger. ,  Jgaxxino,  Ital. 

2  crenulata  .^ort.  -  385 
C.  erenuldta  Hort. 

XV.STRANViE'S/^  L.403 
Crat^gus  in  part. 

1.  glaiicescens  LindlMS 

CraUe^gtu  glaUcdVfaM  Cat 

XVI.  Photi'ma  L.  403 

Cralee^gus  sp.  L. 

1.  semilata  Lt;/<//.     404 

Cratw^gusgldbra  'Iliiinb.  Fl. 
Jap.,  Bot.  Mag.,  Lodd.  Bot. 
Cav.,  CoUa  Hort  Ripul. 

2.  arbutifblia  Lhdl,  404 

Cratar*gus  arbutijdlia  Alt. 
Hort.  Kew. 

3.  iiite^grifolia  Lind/.  405 

Forus  inleehrima  Wall,  ex 
D.  Don  ProcT  Fl.  Nep. 

4.  diibia  Lindl       -  405 

fA4spilm  bengaUntis  Roxb., 
M.  tmctbria  D.  Don  Prod. 
Fl.  Nen..  Crataegus  Shlc6Ia 
Sain.  JmSS. 

XVII.  Cotonea'ster. 

tiispifus  sp.  L. :  N^'er  eo- 
tonneux,  Fr. ;  Quftten-Mispel, 
Ger.  I  Cotognastro,  Ital. 

$  i.  Leaves  deciduous. 
Shrubs. 

1.  vulgaris  Lindl.  -  406 
JAismha    Cotonedster    Lin. 

Sp.,  OBd.  Fl.  Dan.  ;  N^iet 
cotonneux,  Yr. ;  QuiltenMispely 
Ger. ;  Saieiagnolo,  Ital. 

1  erythrocarpa  Xecf.  406 

2  melanoc^a  !.«/.  406 
Mispihu  Cotone&ster  Pa^. 

Fl.  RoM. 
M.  melanoc&rpa  Fiich. 
C  mciaisooirjM  Lodd.  C. 

3  depr^ssa    Frits  Nov. 
Snec,  Dec.  Prod, 

2.  (v.)  tomentosa  L.406 

Vispihu  tomentdsa   WlUd. 
a  4 


Sp.,  not  Lam. ;   M.  enocarpa 
Diec.  Fl.  Fr.  Synopa.  and  Sup. 

3.  (v.)  laxifldra  Jacq.407 
2  unifl6ra  Fischer    407 

4.  denticulata    -    -  407 

§  ii.  Sub-ereryreen  or  deci- 
duous. TaO  Shrubs  or  low 
Trees. 

5.  frigida  WaU.       -  407 
F^rut  Nfissia  Ham.  in  Prpd. 

Fl.  Nep.^  Dee.  Prod.  , 

6.  (f.)  affinis  Lindl.  408 

Wftpilus  integirrima  Ham. 
MSS.,  M.  qffflnis  D.  Don 
Prod.  Fl.  Nep.,  ?  C.  kumdna, 
in  Lodd.  collection. 

7.  acuminata  Lindl,  409 

Mtspilus  aeumtndta  Lodd. 
Bot.  Cab. 

8.  nummul&ria  LtW/.409 

C.  eUhaica  Hort.,  EriobS- 
try  a  elltptica  Lindl.,  Tilispihu 
CuMe  /Tor/..  ?C.  teViS  In 
Lodd.  collection. 

$    iii.     Leaves      evergreen, 
leathery.     Low    Shrubs, 
with  prostrate  Branches  ,• 
TVtitVer*,     but   not  pro- 
perly Creepers. 

9.  rotundifolia  Wall.  4,\0 

C.  microphylla  fi  U'va-Hrsi 
Lindl.  Bot.  Reg.,  C.  U^va-^rH 
Hort. :  the  Bear  berry -leaved 
Nepal  Cotoneaster. 

10.  (r.)  microphvlla4Il 

11.  (r.)Auxif61ia'H^.41l 
2  marginata     -     -  4 1 1 

C.  marginata  Lindl. 

XVIII.  Amel/nchier 

^6spilus  L.,  T^rus  W., 
Ardnia  Pers. 

1 .  vulgaris  Maench    4 1 2 

lAispilns  AmelAnchier  Lin. 
Sp.,  Jacq.  Fl.  Austr.  j  Ppnu 
Amel£nchler  Wild.  Sp.;  Aronia 
rotundtfblia  Pers.  Srn. ;  Cra* 
tai'gus  rotundifblia  Vsan. ;  S^r- 
bua  Amettnchier  Crantz:  Alisier 
Amelanchier,  Amekmchier  des 
Bois,  N^ffier  d  FeuiUes  rondes, 
Fr.  ;  Felsenbime,  Ger. ;  Fero 
cervino,  Ital. 

2.  (v.)  Botryapium   412 

"HUtpibts  canadfntis  Lin. 
Sp.,  ML  arbbrea  Michx.  Arb., 
Cratai'eus  racembsa  Lam. 
Diet.,  r^rus  Botrydpium  Lin. 
ftl.  Suppi. ;  Arbnia  Botrydpium 
Pen.  Syn.,  the  Canadian  Med- 
lar, Snotpy  Mespiius,  June 
Berry,  wild  Pear  Tree ;  Ali- 
sier de  Choisy,  Amelanchier  de 
Choisy,  Alisier  d  Grappes,  Fr. ; 
Trauhienbime,  Ger. 

3.  (v.)  sanguinea   -  413 

Vyrut  sangulnea  Piirth  Fl. 
Amer.  Sept.,  Arbnia  sangui- 
nea  Nutt,  Mftpilus  eanadin- 


5cxiv 


CONTENTS. 


ti$  y  rotuniijblia  Mirhx.  Fl. 
Bor.  Amer. 

4.  (v.)  ovalis  Dec,     413 
Cratte'etu      spicdta      Lam. 

Diet.  ?.  Mftpfltu  Amel^nchier 
IValt.  6'rtr.,  A.  parv^dra 
Doug.  MSS.:  M.  canadtiuit 
rar.  at  ovdiis  MIchx.  Am.,  P^- 
rus  oviJis  WillA  Sp.,  Ardmia 
ovalis  Pers.  Syu.  :  Amelan- 
chier  du  Canada,  AUner  i  E^pi, 
Ft.  ;  nmdbiattrfge  Bime,  Ger. 

2  subcordata  Dec.  414 
Ardnia  ntbcordAta  Raf. 

'    M^/iM  microcdipa  Raf. 

S  seihi-integritolia    414 

5.  (v.)  floridaLiW/.  414 
2  parvifolU    -       -  414 

A.  parvifbiia  Hort.  Soc. 

XIX.  ilfE'spiLUs  Z.414 

The  Medlar — Mfspthu  sp. 
of  Un.  and  others,  MrspiM- 
phora  sp.  of  Neck. :  Xifiitr, 
Ft.  j  Mispel,  Ger. ;  Nespolo, 
Ital. 

1.  germanica  L.     -  413 

1  sylvcstrisMiiZ>ic.4l6 

2  stricta  Dec.  Ait     416 

3  diffiisa  Dec.  Ait.  416 
Cultivated     Varieties.  —  1 . 

BUke'B  large-fruited  Medlar ; 
2  Dutch  Medlar ;  X  Netting, 
ham,  or  common,  Medlar; 
4.  Stoneless  Medlar. 

2.  Smkhii  Dec.       -  416 

M.  grandifidra  Smith  Exot. 
BoL  ;  M.  lobdta  Poir.,  Hook. 
In  Bot.  Mag. 

XX.  PY'RvsLindL  417 

The     Pc.ir     Tree.  --  P^rus 
Mdlus    and    S6rbus    Tourn., 
TuruM    and   Sorbus  L.,  Pyr6 
phorum 


Neck. 


and     Apyr6phorum 


§  i.  PyrSphonan  Dec. 
1.  communis  L,     -  417 

P.  A\hras  Gsrtn.  Fnict, 
P.  svtvSstn's  Dod.  Pempt, 
Pyrdsttr  Ray  Syn.:  Poiricr, 
Fr. ;  gimeine  Birne,  or  Bime- 
baum,  Ger. ;  P^ro  dumesticoy 
Ital. ;  Pfro,  Span.  ;  Gruschka, 
Russian. 

1  y^'chras  Watlr.    -  417 

.   2  Pyraster  WaUr.     418 

S  foliis  variegatis      418 

4  fructu  variegato     418 

5  sanguinolenta    «  418 

6  flore  pleno    -     -  418 
Poire  de  PArmSnie  B.  Jard 

7  jaspida         -       •418 
Bon  Chrftien  i  Bois  jnspi 

Bon  Jard. 

8sativaZ>ec.  -  -  418 
Subvars.  —  Beurr^  Dlel, 
Beurre  do  Rans,  Bezi  de  la 
Motte,  Glout  Morceau,  Na- 
poleon, Swan's  Egg:  and 
the  following  Scotch  Pears 
recommended  by  Mr.  Gorrie, 
as  forms  adapted  for  land, 
■cape  scenery,  ~~  the  Bearie, 


the  Golden  Knap,  the  Elcho, 
the  Busked  Lady,  and  the 
Pow  Meg        .       -       -419 

2.  (c.>alvifoliaZ)«'.  421 

Aureliant  or  Orleans  Pear; 
Poirier  Sanger ^  D'Ourch  in 
Bibl.  Phys.  Econ.  Mai,  1817, 
p.  299. 

3.  Tc.)  nivali.s  Lin,fil.^2\ 

4.  (c.)  8inaica77iota7z421 
P.  Sini^i  Desf.  Arb.,  N.  Du 

Ham. ;  P.  pSrsica  Pers.  Syn. : 
the  Mount  Slnal  Medlar. 

5.  (c.)  ^alicifolia  L.  422 

P.    eltragtii/blia    Pall.,     P. 
orientdlis    Horn.    Suppl.,     P 
(c.)     elaagniyblia    Arb.    Brit 
Isted. 

6.  (c.)'imygdaHf<rirmis422 

p.  sylvSs'triSf  Magnol  Bot, 
P.  saliciftMa  Lois.  Nut. 

7.  sinensis  Lindl.      422 

P.  commiinis  Lois.  Cochin, 
P^  sinica  Roylo  111.  :  Ri  vulgo 
h'as,  Japanese:  the  Sandy 
Pear^  Snow  Pear,  Sand 
Pear  :  Sha  Lee,  Chinese. 

8.  bollwylleriana     -  423 

P.  boUwylleridna  J.  Bauh. 
Hist.,  P.  PoUverlA  Lin.  Mant., 
P.  aurictddris  Knoop  Pomol. 

9.  variolosa  Wall,      424 

P.  Pfishia  Ham.  est  Herb. 
Lin.  Soc. 

10.  Micha(ixtt  Bosc  425 

1 1.  Indica  CoUbr,  -  42o 


$  ii,  Ma/iw. 

12.  .^falus  L.        -  425 

P.  Ma/itf  fn2/t«Wa]Ir.Sched., 
"Mdlus  eommknis  Dec.  Fl.Fr. : 
Pomtnter  commune  Ft.  ;  ge- 
meine  Ap/elhcuim,  Ger. ;  Pero 
Melo  and  Melo  Porno,  Ital. 

13.  (Jl/.)  ac^rba  D,  426 

P^ntf  yitklus  austera  Wallr. 
Sched.,  "Sldhts  adrba  Merat 
Fl.  Par.,  M.  eommitnis  tylvis- 
tris  Desf.,  P.  Ma/vj  sylvistris 
F\.  Dan.,  P.  ^Idlus  Smith 
Eng.  Bot. :  Pommier  sauva- 
geon,  Fr. ;  Holzaj^elbaum, 
Ger. ;  Melo  salvatico,  Ital. 

14.  (M.)  /jrunifolia  426 

The  Siberian  Crab  ;  P.  Md- 
lusS  h^brida  Ait.  Hort.  Kew., 
?  Mdlus  h^brida  Desf.  Arb. 

15.  (M.)  baccata  Zr.  427 

Milus  bacciUa  Desf.  Arb. 

16.  {M.)  diofca  W.  427 

p.  apetala  Munch,  llauvs., 
Mdlus  dioica  Audib.  Cat. 

17.  (M.)  astrac6nica427 

Miltts  astracanica  Dum. 
Coiirs. :  Transparent  de  Mos- 
covie.  Glace  de  Zelande :  the 
transparent  Crab  of  English 
Nurseries. 

Selection  of  Vars.  ~  Tho 
Red  Astrachan  ;  the  White 
Astrachan  \  Che  Black  Crab ; 


the  Court  pendu  plat :  the 
Lincolnshire  Holland  Pippin; 
the  Tulip  Apple ;  the  violet 
Apple ;  the  Cherry  Crab,  or 
Cherry  Apple  ;  the  Supreme 
Crab ;  Bigg's  Everlasting 
Crab       -       •       -        -  428 

18.  coronkriaZr.     -  429 

"Sldlus  corondria  Mill.  :  Crab 
Apple,  the  sweet-scented  Crab, 
Amer. 

19.  (c.)  angustifolia  430 

P.  corondria  Wang.  Amer., 
Mdlus  sempervirens  Desf. 
Arb.,  P.  pkmita  Hort. 

20.  spectabilis  AU.     431 

The  Chinese  Crab  Tree. — 
Ma/ttf  snectabilis  Desf.  Arb., 
N.  Du  Ham. ;  Mdlus  smSngis 
Dum.  Cours. 

Species  of  which  there  are  oniy 

very  young  Plants  m  Britw'sA 

Gardens. 

P.  Siev^rstt  Led.  Fl.  Alt.  .  432 

P.    nov.  sp.  Sievers  in  Pall. 

Nord.  Beitr. 
P.  Schdttff  Ledcb.      -      .  432 
P.  stipuUcea  Hort.      -     -  433 

§  iii.  A^ria  Dec 

2 1 .  Ana  Ehrh.   .  -  432 

CraUe'gus  A^ria  var.  «  Lin 
Sp.,  Mispilus  AV/a  Scop.  • 
Sdrfrtff  A'ria  CranU  Austr.  5 
A^ria  Theophrast\  L'Obei  : 
white  wild  Pear,  white  Leaf 
Tree,  red  Cheis-Apple,  Sea 
Ouler,  Cumberland  Hawthorn, 
Gerard :  Alisier  AUoncAier 
Aiisier  blane,  Fr. ;  Mehlbeer 
baum,  or  Mehlbaum,  Ger. 
Aria,  or  ^rba  montana,  Ital. , 
Mostaco,  Span. ;  Axelbeer,Duk.i 
Oxilbeer,  Sured. 

1  obtusifolia  Dec     433 
P.  A.  ovdiis  Hort. 

2  acutifolia  Dec.       433 

Crata'uus    kmgifblia  N. 

Du  Ham. 
?  Vyrus  alpina  Wllld.  En. 

3  undulata  LindL     433 

4  angustifolia  LindL^SS 
P.  A^  longijblia  Hort. 

5  rugosa  LiruU,     .  433 

6  cretica  LindL     -  43S 

P.  A  rotundifblia  Hort.  ; 
P.  gra\a  Hort. 
P.  A.  ediOis  Hort 
CratoTgusgrtt^ca  Hort. 

7  bullata  LindL    -  433 
P.  A.  acumindta  Hort. 

22.  {A.)  intermedia  43* 

Qruttg^gus  AVra  8  Lin.  Sp., 
C.  scdndica  Wahlenb.,  C. 
suicica  Ait. :  Alisier  de  Poh~ 
tainehlrau,  Fr.  j  Schwedischer 
Mehlbaum,  Ger. 

1  latifolia     -         .  434 
Crataegus  latifbUa  Folr. 

Diet.,  Du  Ham. 
S6rbus  latifblia  Pers. 
CroteV***  denidta  ThuiL 

2  angustifolia  -     -  435 
P.  ediais  Wilid.  Enum. 

23.  vestita  Wall.    -  435 

Hrus  nepalinsis  Hort. ; 
S6rbus    vestUa    Lodd.     Cat. 


CONTENTS. 


XXV 


I« ;  p.  cfmaia  D.  Dob  Prod. 
F..  Sep. 

§  IT.  Ibrmtnarw  Dec 

24.  tonninaiLi  Ekrk.  436 
CretOf'guM   torrmmMis     Lin. 

9^.  ^ith  Eng.  Bot ;  S^6iiff 
ti/rmtmilif  CranU  Austr. :  tke 
Mapic. learned  strriet  Tree: 
Mukr  4£  BoU,  Fr. ;  Ebbeer- 
ham,  Ger. ;  CiawardeUo,  or 
ilattgua-eUo^  Ical. 

25.  nvularis  Doiig/.  437 

P<nc-ttek,  the  luniia  of  the 
fruit  is  th«  laDKua^e  of  the 
CiwDook  trite  of  Indians. 

§  T.  Eri6iubta  Dec 

26-  irilobato  Dec.  -  437 
CnuTpa  trUohdta  LabilLt 
Pear.  Sappl. 

§  TL  S^Kwff  Dec 

?7.  aariculata  X)rc.    438 

Sirbm  amrievIiHa  Pen.  Sjn. 

28.  pinnatifida  Ehrh.  438 

Sertef  A^frntfa  Lio.,  Dec  i 

PiTVf  i^ftn^  Smith  FL  BriU, 

i:r4  at  \k  illd. :  lAe  Bastard  Ser- 

tree  Tree,  • 

'i  Unugiziosa  -       -  438 

Speodiila     -         -  439 

S.  Ay6rite  phtSuia  Lod. 
4  arb6scuU  Dee.  -  439 

29.  aucQparia  G^erin.  439 
T^  ]4oantain  Ash .—  SSrbus 

•sn^rM  Un.  Sp. ;  Mismbu 
onporiaAll.:  Q«<idfcfl«  Trff. 
kmtk  Bam^  viid  Ask.  trild 
SfTTice^  f^iektu  Tree,  Rowan 
Trcz\  /few  Tree,  Boon  Tree, 
RoOdaa,  Baatry,  Mountain  Ser- 
PKf.  fVitcken,  viid  Sorb, 
^-hettn,  WkUten,  Wiggen 
Tree :  Sorbier  des  OisdewM,  or 
Sarbkrdes  Oiselaue,  Fr. ;  Vogel 
Beerhamm,  Ger. ;  Soibo  salva- 
Ua.  luL 
2fructuluteo  -     -  439 

3  foliis  Tari^atis  -  439 

4  eutigiata     -        -  439 

20.  amenckrOL  Dec,   440 

Stfrtef  cwiericdna  Ph.  Fl. 
Bor.  AnKT.,  ^t'illd.  Enom.; 
S.  aaericama  rar.  /9  Michx.  FL 
ABcr. ;  P.  canadinsis  Hort. 

31-  imcrocaq>a  Dec.  441 

S($ri«j  aueup^'a  a,  Mx.  Fl. 
Bar.  Ancr.,  S.  micranika  Dum. 
Coon.,  S,miar9cmrpa  Fb.  Fl. 
Ai&er.  SepC 

32.  .Sorbus  Garrln.  -  442 
Th«  Troe  Serrlce —  S^*«» 
iomestica  Un.  Sp.  ;  P^rv*  do- 
mUtica  Smith  in  Eng.  Bot., 
WaDr.  Ann.  Bot..  Don's  Bfill. : 
the  Wha^  Pear  Tree:  Cor- 
flVMT,  or  Sorbier  eultivi,  Fr. ; 
SfeferHngsbaum,  or  Sperber- 
baun^  Ger. ;  Sor6o  domesU'eo, 
Ital. 

2  iDsli{5nnis  XoddL  443 
La  Corme-Pomme,  Ft. 

3  pyri£5rinis  Lodd,  442 
1«  Carmt'Fairtt  Fr. 


33.  Ianugin6sa  J>c.   443 

p.  A^Ancfa  Umuginbsa  Hort., 
Stfrtet  /oNitfniosa  Kit.  In  Utt., 
and  Lodd.  uat. 

34.  spuria  Dec.  -    -  444 

p.  kpbrida  Mcench  Wei»s. 
S6rbm  spbria  Pers.  Sfn..  MJs- 
mZiu  sorbtfbtia  Bosc^  &  >K'ats., 
Dend.  Brit,  not  of  Smith  ;  P. 
sambticifbUa  Cham,  and  Don'i 
MilL 

2  p^ndula  Hort.    -  445 
S.  hpbrida  phidula  Lod. 
P.    spuria     sambacifbUa 
Hort  Brit. 

35.  foliolosa  WaU.  -  445 

other  Spedes^P.  hlrdna  FToff. 
Ca*. '^     -  .  -446 


§  yiL  i^c&noracAts  Dec 

36.  flrbutifoliaXf.Jf/.  446 

Crataegus    j^ri/btfa    Lam. 

Diet.,   ArdiuVi  ftynfdiia  Pers. 

Syn.,  ?Crflto'fitf  #«T3/a  Polr. 

SuppU     Mitpitms    arhmtifbiia 

Schmidt  Arb..  MiU.  Diet. 
2  intermedia  LindL  446 
S  seT6tina  lAndL  -  446 

4  pumila      -         -  446 
^ispUuM  pdntila  Lodd. 

37.  (fl. )  melanocarpa  447 

T.\rbuttfdUa  fi  Willd.  Sp., 

Arbnia  wbutifhlia  Pers.  Syn., 

'Ufspilus  capitdta   Lodd..    M. 

JtortbUnda  Lodd.,    M.  jp^Acnu 

Lodd  Cat. 

2  subpub^ens  L.    447 

38.  (fl.)floribundalr.  447 

39.  (a.)  depressal/.  448 

40.  (a.)  pubensl*.  -448 

41.  (fl)  grandifcilia  L.  448 

§  Yiii.  Chanuemespilw  Dec. 

42.  Chamaemespihis  449 

Craia'gtu  Chamarmi$pilu$ 
Jacq.  Austr.,  M^«piV«tt  Cbanue- 
mespUtts  Lin.  Sp.,  S^fto*  CAo- 
m^nispUus  Crantx  Austr.:  the 
Bastard  Quince :  niedriger  Mis. 
petbtttan,  Ger. ;  CamemespoiOt 
Ital. 

Otber  Species  qf  P^nis.  —  P. 
alnlfbfiaLrmU.,  P.tomeiitdsa 
Dec.  Prod.,  MditM  tomentdsa 
Dum.  Cours.,  P.  nibicfinda 

XXL  Cydo^nia  T.  -  450 

The  Quince  Tree.  — Pvria 
sp.  Lin.,  Coignassier,  Fr.  ; 
^'tfaiddSfm,  Ger.;  Cotogno, 
Ital. 

1.  vulgaris  Pct"*.  -  450 
Pj^rvc  Cydbnia  Lin.  Sp.,  Jacq. 

AiMtr. ;  C.  europa^a  Sav. 

1  pyriformis  /forf.    450 

2  malif6rinis  Hort.  450 

3  lusiOnica  Z>«  H.  451 

2.  sinensis  T^cmin  -  451 
PjfTM  sinhuis  Poir.  SuppL 

3.  japonica  Per*.    -  452 
7virui  Japbniea  Ttaunb.  FI. 


Jap.  and  Bot.  Mas.,    Cb^eno. 

m&es  Japonica  Limfi.  Lin.  Tr. 
2  flore  4lbo  -  -  452 
S  fl.  s^mi-pldno     -  452 

Calj/canihdcecB. 
I.  Calyca'nthus  L.  452 

American  Allspice.  —  Ctf/y- 
canfiii  sp.  Lin.,  Lam.,  Willd.; 
BUttnirlSk  Du  Ham^  not  of  Lin.; 
Beurrer\A  Ekret  Pict.  ;  Aw- 
leria  Adans.  Fam.;  Pompa^ 
doikrz.  Buckos :  Calycanthe, 
Fr.  ;  GevUrxstrauck  (spice 
sbmb).  Ketch  Biume,  Ger.; 
Caltcanto,  Ital. 

1.  fl6ridus  L.    -    -  453 

The  Carolina  Allspice. —  C. 
«/^ritfs Walt.  Car. :  sweel-scenied 
shrub,  in  Carolina  ;  common 
American  Allspice :  Calycanthe 
de  la  Caroline,  ¥r. ;  Carolinische 
Kelch  Blume,  Ger. ;  Pompadur 
Ital. 

1  ob16ngus  Dec.    -  453 

2  ovitus  Dec.  -     -  453 

3  osplenifoliuB  L.  C.  453 

4  ferox  Lodd.  Cat    453 

5  glaucusLorf.  Ca<.  453 

6  inodorusLocf.  Cof.  453 

7  longifoliusLorf.  C.  453 

8  variegatusZ.o(/.  C.  453 

2.(f.)gla{icus  H^i//rf.454 

C.  drtilis  Walt.  Car.,  Lindl. 
Bot.  Beg.,  Giiimp.  Abb.  Hols., 
Don's  frfill. :  the Jertile -flowered 
American  Allspice. 

2  oblongifoliusiVirf.  454 
C.  oblongijdlius  Hort. 

3.  (f.)  laevigatus  IV.  454 

C.  ferax  Michaux   Fl.  Bor. 
Amer..  C  pennsylvdnicus  Lod 
Cat 

II.  CHIMONA'NTHUSi^. 
The  Winter  Flower.  — 3/?- 
ra/f'a  l^ees  Act.  Soc.  2iat.  Bonn, 
Calycanthi  sp.  Linn. 

1.  fragrans  Lindl.   -  455 

Calyc&nthusprai'eox  Lin.  Sp., 

Ait.  Tlort.    Kew.,  Curt   Bot 

Mag.,  Lam.  111. ;  MerM».  frH. 

eans  Nees  Act.  Soc.  Nat. 
mn.  J  Cf^bai,  or  Rbbai  Ksempf. 
Amer.:  the  Winter  Flotoerj 
Calf/cante  de  Jcmon,  Fr. ;  Ja- 
panische  Kelch  Blume,  Ger. 

2  grandiflorus  Lind.455 

3  idteus  Hort.       -  455 

4  parviflonis  Hort.  455 


Granatdcece, 

1.  Pu^NiCA  Toum.  456 
The  Pomegranate  Tree.— 
J%e  Carthaginian  Apple :  Gre- 
nadier, Fr. ;  GranaU,  Ger.; 
Melograno,  Ital.  j  Granados, 
Span. 

1.  Granatum  L.    -  456 

1  riibnim  Dec.  Prod A56 

2  rub.fl.pl.  Trew    -  457 
I     S  albescens  Dec.  iV.  457 


XXVI 


CONTENTS. 


4  alb^ens  fl.pldno  457 

5  flavum  Hort.  -  457 
2.  (G.)  nana  L.     -  457 

p.  americina  ndna  Tourn.« 
P.  Grandlum  ndmtm  Pers. 

TamartcctcecB. 
I.  Ta'marix  D«».  4^8 

The  Tamarix— TAt;  ip0etVr«  (/ 
Tdmarix  qf  authors  that  have 
4-5  $UiTnen»:    Tamarft,   Fr. « 
ramamAm,   Ger.:  ramafiee, 
Ital. 

I.  g&lUca  L.  '  458 

T.  narbonifuis  Lob.  Ic, 
Tamarigctu  gdUicui  All.,  Ta- 
fiMmotf  penidndms  Lam.  FI. 
Fr.,  not  of  Pall. :  Mirice^  Ital. 

Varietiet         -       -       -  4S8 

II.  Myrica'riaD^«.459 

The  species  <^  Tdmarix  qf 
authors  that  havemonade^thous 
stamens. 

1.  germanica  Desv.    4^9 

Tamarix  germanica  Lin. 
Sp.,  Tamartsctts  decandrus 
Lam.  Fl.  Fr.,  Tamarix  decan- 
dra  Mcsach,  Tamariscus  ger- 
m&nicus  Lob.  Ic. :  ^Tamaris 
d'AUemagne,  Fr.  ;  Deutschen 
Tamarisken^  Ger. ;  Tttmarigia 
piceola,  leal. 

2  dahiirica  Dec.     -  459 
Tdmarix  dahitrtca    WUld. 
Act.  Berol. 

VhiladelpJidcetB. 
1.  Philade'lphusL.460 

The  MockOrange.  — Syrlnga 
Tcnm.  Inst.,  not  or  Lin. :  Pht- 
ladelpkus.  Fr.  ;  Pfeifenstraueh 
(pipf  shrub),  Ger. ;  Filadeipho, 
Itai. ;  jPip«  Privet,  Gerard ; 
the  Syringa  of  the  gardens. 

§  i.  Stems  stiff  and  Untight, 
Flowers  in  Racemes, 

1.  coronarius  L,    -  460 

Svrlnga  swtveolens  Moench 
Mech.:  tpohlrirchetuter  Pffif- 
rnstrauch,  Ger.;  Fior  anguJot 
lUl. 

1  vulgaris  Sch.Han,46l 

2  nanus  Mill  Diet.  461 

3  florepldno  L.C^.461 

4  varieg^tus  L.  Cat  461 

2.  (c.)  inodorus  L,  461 
Syringa    tnodbra    Moench ; 

P.  Uuus  in   varioui   English 

fardens :   Silindia  senx*  odore^ 
Ul. 

3.  (c.)  Zeyhen  &fch.461 

4.  verrucosus  SchradM2 

P.  grandifldrus  LindL  Bot 
Reg.,  Lodd.  Cat.  1836, 

5.  (v.)  latifolius  SchM2 
P.   puh^scens     Cclf.   Hort., 

Lois.  Herb.  Amat. 

6.  (v.)floribundus  S,  463 


7.  speciosus  Schrad.  463 

p.  grandifldrus  of  German 
gardeners,  V .  grand{flihrus  Idx- 
us  of  other  gardeners. 

8.  Gordonidnus  Lin.  463 

§  iL  Stems  more  slender, 
rctmbling,  twiggy,  and 
loose.  Flowers  solitary, 
or  2  or  S  together. 

9.  laxus  Schrad,  -  464 
V.hUmUis   Hort.,   V.pubts- 

cens  Lodd.  Cat.  1836. 

10.  (1.)  grandiflorus  464 

P.  inodbrus  Hort.,  P.  iOMUs 
Lodd.  Cat.  1836 

1 1.  hirsutus  NutL  -  464 

P.  viUbsus  Lodd.  Cat.,  P. 
gracilis   Lodd..  Cat. 

12.  tomentosus  lVal/.4S5 

P.  nepalSnsis  Lodd.  Cat. 
1836,   ?  P.  triftdrus  Royle. 

Other  Sprcies  qfFhiladiiphus 

P.  mexic^nus  Sch.     -       465 

IL  Deu  tzia  Thun.  465 

Fhilndelphus,  in  part;  Lep' 
lospirmumt  in  part. 

1.  scabra        -        -  466 

2.  (s.)  corymbdsa     466 

D.  canficens  Sieboldt,  Vhi- 
ladilphus  corpmbdsus  Wall. 

Other  Species  of  Dn^/xla.  —  D. 
staminea  R. Br.(FAiiadilvhus 
stamineu*  W.),  D.  Bruuonm 
Wall.  (Lrj>tospirmum  sed' 
brum  W.)       .       -       .466 

III.  Decuma'riaX.  466 

Fors/fthla,  fVait.^not  of  Vahl. 

1.  barbara  L.     -     -  467 

D.  radicans  Moench  Mcth., 
D.  Fors^thisi  Michx.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer.f  D.  prostrdta  Lodd. 
Cat. 

2  sarment^sa  Dec.    467 
D.  sarmentbsa  Bosc. 
Forsylhi^  sc&ndens  Walt. 

NttraricU:ea. 

I.  Nitra'ria  L.    -  468 
1.  SchrSberiL.        -468 

1  sibirica     •  468 
N.  sibirica  Pall.  Fl.  Ross. 

2  c^pica       -         -  468 
N.caspica  Pall.  Fl.  Ross. 

Other  Species  of  NitrAria.—V. 
tridentku  Dt'V-    -       -    468. 

Grossulacece, 
I.  RfsEs  L.    -     -  468 

Grossuldria  Toum. ;  Chry^ 
sobdtrya,  Caloh6trj/a,  Core6sma^ 
and  Ribes  Spach  :  GroseHier\ 
Ft.  ;  Johannisheere,  Ger. ; 
Kruisbes,  Dutch ;  Uva  SpinOt 
Ital. ;  Grossetia,  Span. 

§  i.    GrossuLciri<B  Acb. 
Gooseberries. 

GroseiUer  i  Maquereau^  Fr. ; 


StaehMeere  St^rsmcA,  Ger. , 
Kruisbes,  Dutch  ;  Utra  Spitsa, 
Ital.  J  Grosella,  Span. 


A.    Flowers  gr^ntsh  white. 

1.  oxyacanthoides  Zr.469 

2.  setosum  LindL,       470 

3.  trifldrum  W.       -  470 
R.  staminewn   Horn.  Enum. 

Hort.    Hafn. ;    R.     f.    ifi^/iw 
Hort. 

4.  (t.)  niveum  Lind/A70 

5.  (t.)  Cyn6sbati  L.  47  i 

R.  f  trifldrum  var. 

1  fr6ctu  glabro      -  471 

2  fr{ictu  aculeato  -  471 

6.  (t.)  divaricatuno£>.471 

R.  rtrifidrum  Mr.,  R. 
f  Grossuldria  var.  triftHra 
subvar. 

7.  (t.)  irriguum  Dot*.  472 
R.  t  triflbrum  var. 

8.  hirtellum  Mchx.  472 

9.  gricile  Michx,       472 

10.  aciculare  ^^wt/A.  472 
R.  Wva-crispa    Sievers    in 

Pall.  Nord.  Beytr.,  ?  Pall.  Fl. 
Ross. 

1 1.  Grossularia  L.     473 

R.  {Tra  crispa  (Ed.  Fl. 
Dan.,  Grossularia  hirsUta, 
Mill.  Diet.,  R.  TTva-crispa 
var.  5.  sativa  Dec.  FI.  Fr. : 
Feaberry,  Cheshire  and  the 
North  of  England ;  FcabeSy 
Norfolk;  Groxert,  in  Scot- 
land :  Groseiller  d  Maquereau, 
Fr. ;  Griselte,  in  Piedmont ; 
gemeine  Stachelbeere^  Ger. ; 
Vva  Spina,  Ital. 

2  iTva-crispa  Smith  473 
R.  ITva-crtspa  Lin.  Sp. 
TPva^rispa  Fuch.  Hist. 
IPva-spitta  Math.  Valgr. 
R.  JT'rrt  crispa  var.  \  syl- 

vfstris  Berlandier. 

3  spinosissima  BerL  473 

4  reclinata  ^er2.  -  473 
R.  reclindtum  Lin.  Sp. 
Grossuldria  reclindta  Mil 

Diet. 

5  Beaseriana  Berl  473 
R.  h^bridum  Bcsser. 

6  subin£Tmis  /?«■/.    473 

7  macroedrpa  Z)cc.    473 

8  bracieata  Berl  •  473 

9  himalayana  -  473 
R.  himtUaydnum  Royle. 

Other   Varieties The  Red 

Champagne,  or  Ironmon- 
ger, Horseman's  Green- 
Gage,  the  Red. 

B.  lowers  red. 

12.  speciosumPf/rM  474 

Ti.stanAneum  Smith  in  Rees's 
Cycl.,  Dec.  Prod. ;  ?R./mcA*- 
I6ldes  Fl.  Mcx.  ic.  ined. ;  R. 
triacanthum  Menxiea. 


CONTENTS. 


XXV 11 


)X  Menziesii  Pb.  -  475 

R./frM  Smith  In  Ren**  Cyd. 

ttfecr  Specie*.  —  R.  microphf  U 
Um  H.B.et  KtaUk. 

J  iL  Botrycarpmm  Dec. 

14.  orientale  Potp.  -  475 

15.  sax4tile  PalL    .  475 
?1L  fl^wnm  SieTcn  ia  Pall. 

lionLBcytr. 

16.  Diacaotha  L,fti.  475 

17.  Ucustre  Pow-.   -  476 
>R.  osysaBidad«Mlchx.Fl. 


2  ecfainituin     -     -  476 
R.  edkmdhim  Doogl.MS. 


§  uL  Ribesia  2>. 
Qimnu. 
Btbei  ^ecia  of  Linncot  and 
others ;  (Medolna,  Core&$ma 
Jod  Bflbb  Spaek:  Gro$anlie$ 
Ok  Grmpmn^  or  Gro$Hilur 
fiTWMii.Fr. ;  JokammOeere, 
Gcr.;    iZaamteoM,  Dutch: 

A.  Havmgreeahk.  orgreenith 
frifetp.  or  ri!)riSABiA  ;  md  Fruit, 
mmKM  State,  red. 

18.  rabrum  L.        -  477 

R.  n^e  S.  Da  Ham. ; 
CrMeiBBrr  epwwini,  Fr.;  ^«- 
flenr  AiUamubeere,  Ger. ; 
iflAcnm  JboK,  Dutch ;  iltte* 

mew,  Ital. 

1  syWestre  2)«c  i^V.  477 

S  hortense  Dec.    -     477 

R.  rttriMi  Lois.    Kour. 
Dkc. 

3  earoeum  BerL  M,  477 
R.    rit$mm    domfgticum 

ibaods  cameit  Wallr. 
Scb«<L 

4  tariegitum  Dee.    477 

5  llbum  Z>e»f.  Co/.    477 
Giotiis  luteo  variegatis 

Duh.     -  -  477 

7  foliis   albo  variegatis 

DmH,     -         -  477 

8  sibtTieinn  Oldaker  477 

19.  (r.)  alplnum  L.  477 

R.  dMcKBi  Masters. 
1  sterile  WaUr,  Sched.  477 
R.  dkoscioM  jf crach  McCb. 
S  baeciferum  ITo^r.  478 

3  pibiuhmi  LhuU.  -  4  78 

4  &liis  Taricg^tis  -  478 

80.(r.)petTOuni  W^.478 

R-«^a»«ngffDelarh.  AavergD.: 
Xflo  caraUmo  ItaL :  /Ae  teocilu' 
kmed  Ckrrtmt  the  red  Marsk- 
maUoy-ieaved  Carrant. 

21.  (r.)  spicatom  R.  478 

The  TYet  Cmrramt. 

22.  (r.)  caqiathicum  479 

t.  flrf/rtomw  RoclMl  ex  R. 
etScholtci. 

23.(r.)niultifl6rum  479 

t.9pkdtmm  Scfaultes  GEstr. 
fLell.,  R.  ritifblhem  Hort. 


24.  (r).  albinervum  479 

25.  acuminilcum  W,  479 

26.  (r.)trifiduni  Jfjr.  479 

BL  Fkiven  greemiMh  ifeUow, 
sometimes  with  the  Tipt^the 
Sepait  and  Petals  red.  Fruit 
black. 

27.  nigrum  L.  -     -  480 

R.  ^iteteiiiMcrachMeth.:  Capi* 
and  Pohrier,  Fr. ;  tckwartse 
JoMamtubeerey  Ger.;  i{r6rf  ne- 
ro»  Ital. 

2  bAcca  flivida  ITorf.  48 1 

3  b^cca  Tiridi  HorL  481 

4  foliis  Tariegatis  V,  481 
Selection    qf    Garden    Va- 
rieties. ~-  BlaclL    Naples, 
large  Black.  * 

28.  (n.)tri8tePfl//.-481 

R.  altdicum  Lodd.  Cat. 

29.  (n.)  floridum     -481 

'tLnigrum  2  Lin.  Sp.,  R. 
^nnsjfivanicum  Lam.  Diet., 
R.recurvdtum  Mich.  FI.  Bor. 
Amer.,  RiMsium  nigrumt  Ac, 
DiU.  Elth. 

2  grandiflorum  HoriA82 
R.  r^«M  Mx.  Fl.  Bor. 

3  parviflorum  ITort.  482 
R.  ameriednmm  Mill., 

R.  pennsylvanicmn  Cels. 
R.  camfMRtt/dftcm  Hort. 

30.  (n.)  prociiiribens  482 

R.  po^carpon  Gmel.   Syst. 
Veg. 

31.  (D.)pro8tratuni  482 

R.  glandulbsum  Ait.    Hort. 
Kew.  ed  1 ..  R>  canadense  Lod. 
2  laiiflonim  -       -  482 
R.  ({ffi'ne  Duugl.  MSS. 
R.  laaijldrum  Pursh  Amer. 
Sept. 

32.  (n.)  resinosumP.  482 
R.  on'mia^  ^atros,  R.recli' 

mUum  Hort. 

33.  (n.)  punctutum  482 

R.  glandaldsum  R.  ft  P.  FI. 
Per.,  not  of  Ait.,  Don's  Mill. 

34.  (n.)    heter6trichum 

Meyer    -       -  483 

35.  (n.)  bracteosuin  483 

36.  (n.)     viscosissimum 

Pursh   .         -  484 
Core6sma  viseonssima  Spacb. 
Ann.  des  Scien.  Mat.  1835. 

37.  (n.)    hudsonianuin 

Rkhardion    -  484 
ILpetio&re  Dougl.  Hort  Tr. 

38.  placiale  WaU.   -  484 

39.  inebrians  Lmdl  485 

40.  cereurn  Dougl.  •  485 

C.  Flowers  deep  red.    Fruit 
black. 

41.  sanguineum  P.  -  486 

'B.JOkolaiteetnn  Smitti  in  Rees's 
Cycl.,  Catob^rya  sanguinea 
Spacn. 


2  glutioosum         -  486 
R.     filutindsum'     Benth. 

Hort.  Trans. 
R.  OMgOstutn  Dougl.  MS. 

3  malviceum     -     -  486 
R.  malviceum  Benth. 

4  atro-riibens  Hort,  486 

42.  atro-purpiireiim  487 
\  Flowers  deep  purple. 

Leaves  rather  pu- 
bescent beneath,  but 
smooth  and  glabrous 
above,  as  well  as  the 
branches. 

2  Leaves  rather  pu- 
bescent beneath,  but 
hispid  from  bristles 
above,  as  well  as  the 
petioles  and  stems. 

3  Flowers  paler.  Leaves 
pubescent  above,  but 
most  pubescent  below. 
Branches  smooth. 

$  iv.  SymphScalyx  Dec. 

43.  aureum  Punk  -  467 

R.|MiZmd/ifln  Desf.Cat.  Hort. 
Paris,  Chrysobitrya  revolita 
Spacb. 

1  prae'cox  Lindl,  -  487 
R.  frigrans    Lodd.   Bot. 

2  villosum  Dec,  Pr,  488 
R.    tongiflbrum      Fraser 

CaUl. 

3  serotinum  LindL  488 

44.  (a.)  tenuiflorum  488 

R.  a4treum  CoUa  Hort.  Rip. 
Append.,  "R.  fidvum  Berl.  in 
Dec.  Prod.,  K.  missourihisfs 
Hort.,  CkrjfSobdtryaLindleyiiiA 
Spack. 

1  fhictu  nlgro  -     -  488 

2  Mctu  liiteo    -       488 

45.  (a.)  flAvum  Co«.  4S8 

R.  aUreum  3  soHgtuneum 
Lindl.  in  Hort.  Trans.,  R. 
palmdtvm  Desf.  Hort.  Par.,  R. 
atireunt  Ker  Bot.  Reg.,  not  of 
Pursh ;  Ckrysob6trya  mter- 
midia  Spach. 

EscallonmxBS. 
L  /'TEA  L.   .        -  489 

Cedrela  Lour. ;  Dieondngia 
Mlchx. 

1.  virginica  L.        -  490 
n.  Escali.o'n/^M.490 

Steredxylon  R.  &  P.  Fl.  Per. 
Prod. 

1.  rubra  Per*.         -  490 

Stere6xylon  ritbrum  R.  ft  P. 
1  glabriuscula  Hook,  ei 
Am,      -         -  490 

2albifl6rai/%.  ef  ^.491 
E.  glandulhia  Bot.  Cab. 
I      3  pub^scens  U,  et  A.  491 


xxvm 


CONTENTS. 


2,  montevidcnsis  D.  491 

E.floribUnda  var.  0  fmmtevi- 

dhuh  Schlecbt.    in    Linnca; 

E.  bifida  Link  et  Otto  AbbUd. 

2  floribdnda  -        -  491 

E.  flaribdnda  H.  B.  et  K. 

3.  illinita  Pretl      -  491 

Other  Specfet  qf  EteaUhnXtL. 
—  E.  resin6M  Pert,  {Store- 
6rylon  resttibsum  Ruli  et 
Pavon).  E.  puWeral^ntaPrrf. 
(Stercoxulon  puiveruiintum 
Ruiz  et  Paron)       -       -  491 

Saxifrdgece. 

Tribe  Htdra'nokjb. 
I.  Hydra^'ngea  L.  492 

Hydr&ngea  and  Hortintla, 
Juis.i  Idroftgea,  Ital. 

A.    Spca'et  Natives  qf  North 
America. 

1.  arbor^scens  L,  -  492 

//.  vuledri*  Michx.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer.,  H.  /rut£$cens  M<sDch 
Meth. 

2  discolor  Ser.       •>  493 

2.(B.,)cordaiaPursk  493 
2  georgica    -  -  493 

h.  geSrgica  Lodd.  Cat. 

3.  nivea  Mich.r,      -  493 
H,  radiala  Wal.  Fl.  Car.,  not 

of  Sm. 

2  glabella  Ser.       -  493 

4.  oiiercifolia  Barir.  493 

H  radidla  Smith  Icon.  PIct. 
12.,  but  not  of  Walt. 

B.  Species  Natives  qfAsia. 

5.  heteromalla  Don.  494 

6.  altfssima  IVall,   -  494 

Other  Species  qf  Hydr&ngea 

H.  Hortensm  Sleb.  {II.  har. 
ttnsis  Smith),  H.  vestlta 
WaU.       .        .        -        .494 

Umbell&cea. 
1.  .Supleu'rum  T.  495 

The  Hare'g  Ear.  —  TVndria 
and  Bupristis  Spreng.  Syst. : 
Bupliore,  or  Oreille  de  Uevre, 
Fr. ;  Hasenohrlien,  Ger. 

1.  fruticosum  L.     -  495 

TendriA  fnUicdsa  Spreng.  in 
Schultei  Sjrst.;  Bt^istis/ru- 
ticbsa  Spreng.  Mag. ;  ^seli 
tethiSpicum  Bauh.  Pin. ;  ^seli 
frhtex  Mor.  Umb. 

Other  Species  of  Bmleiinsm.  — 
B.  fVut£>censL.,  B.  gtbralti- 
rlca  Lam.  (B.  arbor iscens 
Jacq.Ic.  R.)  •        -       -    495 


AraliacecB. 
I.  Ara'lia  L,        -  496 

The  Angelica  Tree.  —  AriUim 
sp.  Lin.,  Ariiite  vine  Blum. 

] .  spinosa  L.  -       -  496 
Araite,  Fr.  and  Ger.;  Angdiea 


^n'nosa,  Ital.;   Spikenard^  N. 
mer. 

8.  jap6nica  Thunb,    497 

II.  T/e'dera  Swartz  497 
The  Ivj.^Ardliasect.  Gym- 
ndptentm  Blum.  Bijdr.,  Utdera 
and  Ardlia  sp.  Lin.  :  Lierre^ 
Fr. ;  Ephen,  Ger. ;  Edera,  Ital. 

I.  Helix  L,   -        -  497 

1  vulgaris  Dec      -  498 

2  canari^nsis  Dee.     498 
H.  canarOnsis  Willd. 
The  Irish,  or  Giant,  Ivy. 

?  3  chrysocdrpa  Dec,   498 
H.  pottica  C.  Bauh. 
H.  chrysoc&rpos  Dalecb. 
H.*Dion0sias  J.  Bauh. 
H.  Helix  Wall. 

4  fol.  arg^nteis  L.  C.498 

5  fdliis  aiireis  L.  C.  498 

6  digitata  Xoef.  Cb/.  498 

7  arbor^scens  Z.  C.  498 

HamameliddcecB. 
I.  JTamameYis  L.    499 

The  Wych  Haael.  —  Trilbpus 
Mith.  Act.  Acad.  Nat.  Cur.  & 
App. :  Hamamelide,  ItaL 

1.  virginica  Ir.        -  499 

Hamamelie  de  Firginie,  Fr. ; 
Firginische  Zaubemuss,  Ger. ; 
Pistacchio  nera  delta  Firginia, 
Ital. 

2  parvifolia  iV«<<.  -  499 

3  macrophylla        -  499 
H.  macroph^Ua  Pursh. 

II.   F0THERGl'LLi<  L. 

1.  nlnifolia  L. .       -  500 

F.  Gdrdenl  Michx.  Fl  Bor. 
Amer.,  Hamametis  monoica 
Lin.  ex  Smith  in  Rees**  Cycl. 

1  obtiisa  SifM  B.M.  500 
F.  mdjor  Bot.  Cab. 

F.  sdnijblia  Lin.  fil.  Sup. 

2  aciita  Sim»  -        -  500 
F  Gardrni  Jaeq.  Ic.  Bar. 

3  major  SivM  B.  M.  500 

ConidcetE, 
I.  Co'rnus  L,       -  501 

The  Dogwood — ComouiUer, 
Fr.  ;  Hartriegel,  Ger. ;  Cor- 
niolo,  Ital. 

§  i.   Nudiflora  Dec. 

A.  Leaves  alternate. 

1.  alternifolia  L,    -  501 

C.  altima  Marth. 

B.  Leaves  opposite. 

2.  sangufnea  L,     -  502 

C.  foe*mina  Ral.  Syn.,  Fifva 
Miwttiiu'a  Matth.  Valgr. :  Fe- 
male Cornel,  Dogberry  Tree, 
Hound  Tree,  Hounds-berry 
Tree,  PricJtwood,  Gaten,  or 
Gotten  Tree,  Gater  or  Gatter 


Tree,    Catteridge    Tree^    «»«* 
Cornel:    Comottiller  sauvage, 
snnguin,  or  frmetle,  Pw'ne,  Or 
Bois  pmnais,  Fr. ;  rother  Hart- 
riegel. Ger. ;  Sangutnello,  ItaL 

2  P6rshii  Don's  M.  502 

C.  sangtiinea  Pursh. 
S  foliis  variegatis  -  502 

3.  alba  Z.      -        -  503 

C.  stolonifera  Michx.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer.,  C.  tatarica    Mill.  Icon. 

2  circinata  Don*t  M.  503 
C.  a'ra'nita  Cham,  et  S. 

3  sibirica  Lodd,  Cat.  503 

4.  (a.)  stricta  L,   -  50.3 

C.  fastigihia  Michx.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer.  ;  C.  sanguinea  Walt.^ 
but  not  or  Lin. ;  C.  cyanocdrpoa 
Grael.  Syst.  Veg.,  C.  cana- 
dhuis  Hort.  Par.,  C.  eteritiea 
Meerb.  Icon.,  but  not  of  iMm. 

2  asperifolia  -  504 
C.  asperifdlia  Lodd.  Cat. 

3  sempervirens      -  504 
C.  sempervirens  Lod.  Cat. 

5.  (a.)  panicul&ta  H,  504< 

C.  racembsa  Lam.  Diet. ;  C. 
fce*mina  Mill.  Diet ;  C.  dtri- 
fblia  Hort.  Par 

2  i\h\A9i  Ehrh.       -  504 

3  radiita  Pursh     -  504 

6.  (a.)Bericeai:r'J7.  504 

C.  lannginbsa  Mich.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer. ;  C.  alba  Walt.  Fl.  Car., 
but  not  of  Lin.  ;  C.  c^rUlen 
Lam.  Diet. ;  C.  Ambmum  Du 
Roi  Harbk.  ;  C.  rubiginbsa 
Ehrh.  Beitr. ;  C.  femtginea 
Hort.  Par. ;  C.  candiditsima 
Mill. ;  C.  cyanocdrpos  Moench, 
but  not  of  timet. 

2  oblongifolia  Dee.    504 
C.  oblongijblia  Rafln. 

7.  (a.)  circinata  L'//.  505 

C.  tomentdsa  Michx.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer.,  C.  ntgdsa  Lam.  Diet., 
C.  virginiina  Hort  Par. 

8    obl6nga  WaU.    -  505 

C.  paniculdta  Hamilt.  ex  D. 
Don  Prod.  Fl.  Nep. 

§  ii.   Invclucrdtce  Dec 

9.  m^s  L.      -         -  505 

The  Cornel,  or  Cornelian 
Cherry  Tree.  —  C,  masetiia 
L*  Her  it.  Corn.,  Long  Cherry 
Tree :  Cornelia,  Comouilier 
mdle.  Comes,  Comeiiles,  Fr.  ; 
Komel  Kirseke,  Hartriegel, 
Ger. ;  Corgnolo.  Ital. 

2  fructu    cerse    colons 

N.  Du  Ham.     506 

3  variegatus  -  506 

JO.  floridal,.         -  507 

Firgim'an  Dogtoood. 

Other  Species  of  Cbmus.  •—  C. 
gr4ndis  Schlecl.,  C.  ofBdnhiia 

507 

II.   BENTHA*M/i<  L.    507 

C6mms  sp.  Wall,  Dec,  and 
G.  Don. 


CONTENTS. 


XXIX 


I.  fradfera  Lmdl,  -  506 

C^mai*    cmpOdia    Wall,     fax 
Bath,  F1.  Ind.,  Don's  MUl.: 
aa«-«M,    in  'Sep^i    Jtt«- 
■nvrv,  in  Seranpore. 
Okr  Spro«i  <{f  ifeafUMia.— 

B.jap6nica      -       -       -  S« 

LoranthdcecE* 
I  Ki'scujf  X.         -  508 

Tbe  HUUctiM.  —  Jf iMrUtiw, 
Gw,  or  G«y.  Fr.;  JfiKl,  or 
Jfijcel,  Ger. ;  riaco,  or  FocftM, 
luL  ;  L^atddcisa,  Span. 

i.  album  X.  -        -  509 

II.  Lora'sthus  It.  510 
K  europaB^  L,     -  511 

III.  AtrcVBA  Thunb.  5 1 1 

A6c«l»£<rMR^.wf]Mra.,  £4- 
Sattri).  Prod. 


1.  jap6i!ica  TTIwi^.  -  511 

Prad. :  motud-Ua^d  Lamrelt 
LmureL 


Caprt/bliacecB. 

SecL   I.     ^AMBuVziK. 

L  5AjiBU*cus  Toum,  513 

Tbe  Elder.— PAyleiDiM  Lour. 
Gotitu,  tait  not  of  Lin. 

A    LeawtM  pmmate.     Flowers 
orcorjfmdou. 


1.  nigra  L.     -         -  513 
Bamrirw,  or  Ai«r  Tree,  Am- 

tree,    ScoCcbj    5a0va«,    Fr.  ; 

Hatuttder,     Ger.  ;     Sambuco, 

ItaL;    5ai»co,   and    Samtmeo, 

Spn. ;  rUeder,  Swed. ;  tfi^itfr, 

Dan. 

2  nrescens  -Oec.     -  514 

S.  nritertu  Deaf.  Arb.  Fr. 

Sleucor&rpa-        -  5J4 

4beuiiiU     -        -  514 

S.  iadm'dta  MUL  Diet. 

5  rotondifolia         -  514 

6  monstrosa  -        -  514 
S.  mtmstrdta  Hort. 

7  foliis  argenteis   -  514 
SloliisluteU         -  514 

2.  canadensis  L,    -  515 

B^  LtmteM  pimnate.     Fkneer* 
pamcUd. 

3.  raceinofia  L.       -  515 

S.  momt^M  Cam.  Epit. ;  S. 
crrviM  Tabem.:  ^dmteeo  mon- 
ItaL 
2  kciniau  iTorA     -  515 

3.  (r.)  pubens  Mx,  -  516 

S.r«XMa«a  Hook.  F1.  Bor. 
Abu  not  of  Lin.;  S.pubiteefU 
Lodd-^t. 

Slieptapb^Ua^oo&.516 


XL  KiBU  RNUM  //.  -  515 

O'/m/iw,  Vt»tfnttim.  and  TV 
MM.  Tourn.  Inst. ;  ViMnwrm 
and  (ypntus  Moench  Meth. : 
Viorne^  Fr. ;  SekneebaU^  Ger. ; 
rUmrmo,  Ital. 

§  i.   TiiiM  Tourn. 

1.  Tinus  L.     -      -  516 
The  Lauruatinoa. — V.  \auri- 

J6rme  Lam.  Fl.  Fr.,  Ti»M 
Tourn.  Inst.,  Tiitia  laurifblia 
Borkh.  in  Boem.  Arch. :  the 
Lamntstme,  wild  Bate  Tree, 
Gerard  :  Fiome,  Laurier  Tin, 
Ital. ;  Lorberrartiger  Scknee- 
ball,or Schwaikenstrauch^GeT. ; 
Lc^gro  salvaticoy  and  Lauro 
Tino,  Ital. 

2  Yi\TtaiAit.H.Kew.  Sn 
V.  Tmuf  Mil)  Diet. 
y.lueidum    Mill..    Fers., 
Schultes. 
Sli^cida^t/.  -       -  517 

4  Tirgata  ^if.         -  •'»17 

5  stricta  Hort,       -  517 

5  ii.  yUnimum  Tourn. 

2.  LentagoZr.  -      -  517 

Tree  VAumum,  Canada  Vi- 
burnum :  Viome  tw'sante,  Fr. ; 
Btm-bOUrwer  SekneebaU,  Ca- 
nadiscke  Sckwalkenbeerttrauch^ 
SekwaUenstrauch,  Ger. 

3.  (  L. )  joninifoliurai/.  518 

V.  Leni^o  Du  Roi. 

4.  (L.)j5.yrifoliuniP.518 

5.  (L.)  nudum  L.  -  519 

V.  pyrifbiivm  Folr. 
2  squamMum        -519 
V.  tquamdtum  Willd.  En. 

6.  catsinoXdes  L.     -  519  1 
\.pumct&ium  Rafia 

7.  (c.)l2Bvigatum  JF.  519 
V.  ctuXnoides  Du  Roi  Harbk., 

V  .lanceoidUum  Hill.Hort.Kew., 
V.  caroUnidnmn  Hort.,  Gas- 
sine  paratua  Lin.  Mant,  C.  co- 
rymodstf  Mill.  Icon. :  Thi  ame- 
rieano,  Ital. 

8.  Lantana  L.  -     -  520 

The  Wayfaring  Tree.  —V.  to- 
mentdntm  Lam.  Fl.  Fr. :  wild 
Gvetder  Rose,  pliant-brancked 
Mealy  Tree:  Viome  coton- 
nevse,  Carnara,  Viome  com- 
munef  Coudre-moinsinne,  Mon~ 
denne,  Fr. ;  Scklingsirattch, 
tPoiUger  SchnrebaUf  or  Schwal- 
kenttrauch,  Ger.;  Lentaggine, 
ItaL 

2  grandifolia  Ait  -  520 
V.  L.  latijblia  Lodd.  Cat. 

3  foliis  variegiltis  -  520 

9.  (L.)  lantanoides  -  520 

American  Wayfaring  Tree — 
V.  Lanldna  fi  grand >/dlia  Ait. 
Hort.Kew.,  ed.  1.;  V.grandi- 
JUimm  Smith  in  Rees't  Cycl.  ; 
V.  LiffKdiM  canaiiinsis  Fers. 
Ench.:  Hobble  Bush,  Amer. 

10.  (L.)dahuricum  -521 

Lonicen  mor^Slica  Fall.  Fl. 
IUm..  C^rmu  iaikrica  Laxm> 


ll.(?L0cotmifdlium521 

V.  Mullilha  Ham,  in  D.  Don 
Prod.  FL  Hep. 

12.  dentaturo  L.     -  521 

V.  denidium  lUcidum  Ait. 
Hort  Kew.,  V.  denidium  gla- 
bfUum  Mx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.: 
Arrow-wood  :  Viome  denUe, 
Fr. 

Varieties V.  d.  pubiscens, 

V.  d.  foliis  Tarieg^tii,  V, 
acuminitum,  V.  longifblium 
and  V.  moutinum  are  in 
Messrs.  Loddiges's  collec- 
tion       ...  5*22 

13.  (d.)  pubescens-  522 

y.dentittum  3  pubfscens  Ait. 
Hort.  Kew.,  v.  denldiumsemi' 
iomenidsum  Mich.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer.,  \ .  tomenibtwan  Rafin. 
Med.  Rep.,  V.  viUbsum  Rafin. 
in  Desf.  Joum.,  V.  Rafinesqui' 
inum  SckuUes  Syst, 

14.  mtidum  Ait.      -  522 

§  iiL  O'puluB  Tourn. 

15.  (/pulus  L.  -     -  522 
The  Guelder   Rose — V./o, 

bdtum  Lam.  Fl.  Fr.,    O'pulus 

flanduUsus  Moench  Meth., 
YptUus  Rail  Syn.,  Sambdcus 
aquatica  Bauh.  Pin.:  Marsh 
Elder,  Rose  Elder,  Hater  Elder: 
Viome-Obier,  FObier  d*  Europe, 
Fr.  ;  Schufolkfnbeerstrauck, 
yVasserkolder,SckneebaUe,Ger.', 
Maggi,  Ital. 

2  st^rilis  Dec.  Prod,  523 
V.  O.  xbseum  Roem.  el  S. 
The    Snow-ball  Tree,    or 

Guelder  Hose. 
Base  de  Gutrldres,  Petotte 

de  Ndge,  Boule  deNeige, 

Poire  moiUy  Fr. 
Schneeballe,  Ger^ 

3  foliis  variegatis  -  523 

4  n^na  Hort.         -  523 

16.(0.)  flcerifolium  523 

17.  (0.)orientaleP.524. 

C/pulus  orientdlis  fblio  am^ 
ptissimo  iridtntdlo  Toum.  Cor. 

18.  (O.)  Oxycoccos  524 

V.  opuloidet  Muhl.  Cat.,  V. 
tritobum  Marsh.  Arb.,  V.  O'pu- 
his  americdna  Ait.  Hort.  Kew. 

2  subintegrifolius^.  524 

3  m611is        -         -  524 
V.  m6Ue  Mx.  Fl.  Bor.  Am. 

19.  (O.)  ediile  P.  -  524 

V.  O'pulus  edklis  Michx.  H. 
Bor.  Amer. 

Sect.  II.  Lonice'b«-«. 

III.  DlERVl'LL^ToiI.  525 
LorucersL    sp.   L. ;     WeigiliA 
nunb.  Fl.  Jap,t  fVeigSna,  Pers. 
Ench, 

1.  canadensis  IV,   -  525 

LonieersL  Dierrilla.  Lin.  Mat. 
Mcd.,D.  TovrneJdrtW  Michx. 
Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  D.  hitmilis 
Fers.  Bnch-,  D.  thtea  Pursh 
Sept,  D.  tr\fida  Ma-nch  Meth., 
D.  ocodt^itsts  Du  Ham.  Arb. 


XXX 


CONTENTS. 


IV.  LoNi'cER.<Desf.  526 

The  Honeysuckle.— IiOfiic^a 
n  lAxx.  and  muny  authors; 
Caprifdlium  and  Xf/I6steum 
Juts.  Gen.,  XyUisteum  Capri- 
/b/ium,  Chamac6ratu»t  Teri- 
el^memtm  Tourn.  Intt.;  Ca- 
pr^lium  and  Lonioer^  Ram. 
el  ScktUt.  Svst.,  Lonieen  and 
Xvl6steum  Torrey  Fl.  U.  S.: 
Ckevr^euille,  Fr.;  Geitsbiatt, 
Honeigblume,  and  Lonicere, 
Get. 

§  i.   CaprifdHum  Dec. 

CaprffbUum  Juts.  Oen.,  Lo- 
fiicera  Torr.  FL  Un.  St.,  but 
not  of  Schult. 

A.  Flowers  r As^ra/.  —  Copr/- 
fdlium  Tourn.  Inst. 

1.  Pericl/menum L.  527 

The  Woodbine.— P«r/c/,^m6- 
MtuM  Ger.  Em.,  Vrrid^menum 
germdnicum  Rlv.  Mou.  Irr.,  P. 
korttnae  Gesn.  Ic.  Pict,  Capri' 
Jdirum  Ferid^menmm  Rom. 
et  Schult..  Capr\/bUmm  sylvdU- 
cum  Lam.  Fl.  Fr.,  Caprifd- 
Hum Rail  Syn. :  H'oodbiud : 
ChevrtfeuiUe  des  Boit,  Fr. ; 
vildea  gemetnes  Oei$»b£dUt 
Ger. ;  gewoone  Kamperfaeiie, 
Dutch  i  Madre  Selva,  Ital.  and 
Span. 

2  ser^tinum  AiL  -  527 
Terid^.  germdniemn  Mill. 

S  b^lgicum  -  -  527 
Vericly.  germSnicum  Mill. 

4  ^uercifolium  Ait.  528 

2.  Caprifolium  L.  -  528 

Fericl^menum  per/olidium 
Ger.  Emac. :  CkevrrfettiUe  det 
Jardins,  Fr. ;  Durchwachaenet 
Ger.  i  Caprifolio  Ital, 

3.  (C  etrusca)  San.  528 
L.  etr6$ca  Hort.  Fl.  Auttr., 

Capr(fbiium  etrOseum  Kcm.  eC 
Schult  Syst.,  VericiOmenum 
Gouan  Hort.,  CttpriJoUum  itd- 
licum  perfolidtum  pne^cox 
Tourn.  Inst. :  the  Italian  Ho- 
neysudtU :  Maruorino,  ItaL 

4.  implex  a  AU,      -  529 

The  Minorca  Honeyiuckle^— 
Caprijblium  impU*um  Ronu. 
et  achult  Syst.:  rittdboKo  sem- 
preverdt',  Ital. 

2  baleirica  Viv.     -  529 
Caprifblium  baledri.Dum . 
L.  balearica  Dec 
L.  Caprijblium  Desf. 

5.  fl^va  Sbtu  -  529 
Caprifblium    Jldvum      Ell. 

Sketch..  Caprifblium  Ftbsetl 
Purth  Sept. 

6.  (f.)  puWscens  S,  529 

Caprifblium  pubfscmt  Goldle 
In  Phil.  Journ.,  L.  kirtdta  Ea- 
ton Man.  Bot.,  L.  G6ldA 
Spreng.  Syst. 

7.  parviflora  Lam.    530 

Caprifblium  pamiflbrum 
Pursn  Sept.,  LomeerSi  dioica 
Lin.  Syst.  Veg.,  L.  midia 
Murr.  NOT.  Comm.  G0Ct.,  Co- 
prifblinm  bractebtum  MIchx. 
Fl.    Bor.    Amer.,    C.  dioicum 


Reran,  et  Schult.  Syst.,  CglaH- 
cum  Ma»nch :  glaucous  Honey- 
suckle :  Chevrefeuilie  dioiouet 
Fr. ;  MeergrUnes  GeissNait, 
Ger. ;  Middelboore  Kaagter- 
foelie,  Dutch. 


9.  hispidula  Doug.    531 

Caprijblium  hispHdulum  Lin. 
Bot.  Reg. 

10.  grata  i4//.  -  -  531 
Caprijblium  grdtum   Furah 

Sept.,  L.  virginidna  Marsh 
Arb.,  ?  Yerielymenum  ameri- 
cdnum  Mill.  Diet.,  CaprifoUo 
sempreverde,  Ital. 

B.  Limb  qfCaroUa  nearly  equal. 
—  Vericl$menum  Tourn. 

11.  sempervirens  AU.5!^\ 

Caprifblium  sempervirens 
Mlchx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  Veri- 
cl6menum  sempervirens  Mill. 
EMct.,  Atatirnus  sempervirens 
Kcahl.  ex  Steud.;  Verid^me- 
num  virginlaeum  Rir.  Mon. : 
Madre  Selva  de  Virginia,  Ital. 

2  migor  AiL,  Curt.  532 

S  minor  Ait.,  Sima  532 
L.  conndta  Meerb. 

4  Br6wnu  Gordon  532 

12.  ciliosa  Poir.     -  532 

CaprifiUium  dlibsum  Pursh 
Fl.  Amer.  Sept..  L.  dlidia 
Dletr.  Lex.  Suppl. 

13.  occidentalis  ^.    532 

Caprijbl.  occidenldle  Lindl. 
BoC.  Reg.,  Caprifblium  dlib- 
sum Dougl.  MSS. 

Other  Spedes L.  pIloM   IF., 

Dec.  Prod.  {Caprifblium  vU- 
Ibsum  H.  B.  et  Kunth  Nov. 
Gen.  Amer.)       -  -  583 

§  ii.  Xyloateum  Dec. 

Xyl6steon  Jusa.  Gen.,  Loni- 
cent.  Rcem.  et  Sckuli.  Syst., 
XplSsteon  and  Chanueciraaut 
Tourn.  Inst.,  XyiSsteum  and 
Islka  Adana.  Fam.,  Coboe^Si 
Neck.  Elem.  .*  the  Ply  Honey- 
auckie :  Hackenkirseke,  Ger. ; 
Hondsbezien  or  Hondskaraen, 
Dutch. 

A.  Ovariea  and  Berriea  otto- 
(fetker  distind.  Stems  twin- 
tng.  Flowers  irregular. — 
Nintofta  Dec.  Prod. 

14.  confusa  Dec.  -  533 
Nint<ida  co^fiaa  Swt.  Hort. 

BrlL,  Lonicer^  lapSniea  Andr. 
Bot.  Rep  ;  Nlntoo,  Sintoo, 
Keempf.  Ameen./  Caprijblium 
Japdnieum  Loud.  Hort.  Brit. 
1st  ed. 

15.  longiflora  Dec.    534 

Caprifblium  longi/lbrum  Sa. 

bine,   Nintoda  long^bra  Swt. 

Hort  Brit.  ed.  2..    Caprifblium 

japdnieum  D.  Don  Prod.  Fl. 

Nep.,    Caprifblium  nepalinae 

I  Loud.  Hort.  Brit 


16.  jap6nica  Tkunb.  53* 

Ninta^a  Jtm6nica  Swt.  Horu 
Brited.a.,  L.chin^nsiaHorU 
Kew.,  L..deaubMa  Lod.  Bot. 
Cab.,  L.glabrAta  Roxb.,  Ca- 
prijblimm  ckininae  Loud.  Hort 
Brit.,  C.Jleaubsum  Hort. 

Other  Species, -~L.  longllblla 
Hort S» 

B.  Berriea  distinct,  or  usually 
connate  together  at  the  Boat, 
and  diverging  at  the  Tip. 
Corolla  hardly  gibbous  at  the 
Base,  or  equal.  Ered  deci-' 
duama  Shruaa. — ChamacAraas 
Dec. 

17.  tat&ricaL.        -  535 

Xyl6steum  eorddtum  Moench 
Meth.,  X.  tatdricum  Dum. 
Cours. 

2  albiflora  Dec     -  535 
L.  pyrendica  WiUd. 

3  rubriflora  Dec.      535 
L.  grandiflbrum  Lodd. 
L.  sibiriea  Hort.  ex  Pert. 

Ench. 

4  li^tea  Lodd,  Cat,  535 

5  latifolia  Lodd.  Cat.5S5 

18.  (t.)  nigra  L.    -  535 

CaprifiUium  xbaeum  Lam.  Fl. 
Fr.,  CkamtBcirasua  nigra  De- 
larb.  Fl.  Aut.  :  Ciliegta  salva- 
tica,  Ital. 

2  campaniflora      -  536 
Xyl6ateum  campanifi.liod. 

19.  (t.)cili^taJlfttA.  536 

Xyldalettm  cilidtum  Pursh 
Sept^  L.  taiarica  Michx.  Fl. 
Amer.,  but  not  of  I.in. ;  L. 
eanadinaia  Boeni.  et  Schult. 

20.  pyren^ca  L.    -  536 

d^rWiUum  pyrendicum 
Lam.  FL  Fr.,  Xylosteum  fy. 
rendicum  Tourn.  Inst 

21.  punfcea  Sims    -  536 

Symphoricdrpos  puniceuaSwt. 

22.  Xyl6steuiii  L.     537 

Caprjfblium  dumdbrutn 
Lam.  n.  Fr. ;  XulSileum  dm- 
metbrum  Moench  Meth. :  Gtai*. 
loatio,  Ital. 

2  ieucoc&rpum  Dee.  537 

3  xanthoc4rpum  D.  537 

4  melanocdrpum  D.  537 

23.  hispida  PaU.     -  537 

24.  flexuosa  Thunb.  537 
L.  nigra    Thunb.  Fl.  Jap., 

but  not  of  Lin. ;  L.  bradiOpoda 
Dec.  Prod. 


C.  Berriea  either  distind  or 
Joined  together.  Corolla  very 
gibhoua  at  the  Base.    Erect 

lushy  utruba Cwphd$Uh» 

Dec.  ^^ 

25.  involucrata  l^on.  5.38 

Xuldateum         involucrdtttm 
Richards  in  Frank.  FirstJourn. 

26.  Ledebouri/  Each.  538 

D.  Berriea  two  on  each  Pe- 
duncle, Joined  together  in  one, 


CONTtNTa. 


XXXI 


kUck  it  ki-mmbaieate  at  the 
Jfe*.  Erects  &at«4y,  dea'dm- 
«mt  Sintbt. —  Itikm  Adang. 

S7.  alpigena  H.      -  539 

C^rifbiium    aipimmm  Lam. 


Gmta.  FnacL,  bJka  tUpigena 
Beick^  I«lka  Idada  Mceoch, 
JgUttemm  alpigfumm  Lodd. 
Cil:  Ckamtrnttmsus  a^genm 
Narb. :    dm    Woodbine'. 

ikdtmUntie,  Ger. ;  Cbam^- 

^^fnftt  ltd. 

S  Blniiea  DecProd.5S9 
L.  wNriea  Vest  in  Roem. 
ct  ScfanU.  SyU. 

88.  (a.)  microphylla  539 

L.o^igtmmSi«teny  L. 
Itea  aad  L.«eziraiM  Hort. 


%9.  ob]oi]gifdliaJ9boil539 


ID  Edin.  VbiL  Jborn. 


30.  csTulea  L.       -  540 

1.  ffiBdia  HQhl.  Cat.,  Xv- 
Utkm  tiSdtmm  Mich.  FL  Bor. 
AjDcr .  X.  Sa/utdt  Eataa  Man. 
BoL,  I.  MteCna  Dec  Prod.. 
LoLHtaPM.  F1.  Row..  Xy- 


I«B.  Diet.,  X.  amadfnte  Da 
Ban.  Alb.,  Caprffiinam 
riiam  Lan.  FL  Fr.,  CJk 
(irwKrcwrftfiM  Delarlx  FI.Au., 
L.  mrrmHea  Fall.  Fl.  Bom., 
I.  Pailddk  Led.  ft  Ron.  AU. 
A:  aUepaaifma,  ItaL 

31.  orieotalis  Lam.  540 
,L.*cMedw»  Pall.  Fl.  Rom.; 
Z-ccrifea  Gold.  Itln..  CAa« 
»«<rvHU0r«iildi«»  LacirifMui 
Toam.  Cor. 

32.  iberica  Bkb.      -  540 

Cent.  PI.  Bar.  ex  SapplM  Lodd. 

V.  Stmphorica^rpos 

Ditf.  -         -    541 

Tli«  St.  ^cer't  Wort.— ^N^m- 

ptmcofMNerk.  Elem.,  ^m- 

p^ria  rwi.  Ench.,    Anisdn- 

akuWUkL  Rel.,  Lanictngp. 

1.  vulgaris  Mic/<j:.  -  541 
f  «■'(■!  1 1  %  iiiiiA  jTftcirpotLln. 
if-,  5.  ^arvi/Bra  Deaf.  Cat.. 
hmiiriaamgiomerdtn  Pen. 
feq-.  SfmpkdrM  gUnmtr^a 
ninh  Sept. 

2  firiib  Tsriegatis      542 
5.  gUmerita  fj)liis  vorse- 
C^  Lodd.  Cat. 

t  montanus  ^um^.  542 

4y*7iA«rra  Moia<^iui  Spreng. 
?r^.    S.    floKc^M-ma   Don'a 

3.  racemosus  ]ificfix.S^2 

TW  Snovbcrry.— SymsAdna 
neemita  Puwh  Sept.,  fi.  c'/d*. 
fuaod  S.MetmpkgOa  Pred 
■  Herb.  Honke,  ^.  /nccocarpa 
aofi. 

^  occidentalis  Rick,  542 

^^•berrp,  Amer. 


VL  Leyceste^r/^    543  , 

1.  foniiosa  fVali,    -  544 

iroMiraa  amn^ta  Puerari 
MSS. 

RvbiacecB. 
I.  CephalaS'thos  544 

The  Botton-wood.  —  Cepka- 
Imlf,  Fr. :  JI«ofj^fatMW,  Ger. ; 
Ctfaiantot  Itel. 

1.  occidentalis  X.  -  544 

Cjoppout^folitu  Moench  Heth.: 
Smmmp  Globe  Fhteer,  Amer. 

2  bncfa^podus  JDae.  545 

Composite^. 
I.  SrjEHELi'Nii  L.     546 

SteAcinw,  French  and  Ger. 

1.  dubia  L.       -      -  546 

S.  Tosmarintfdlia  Cau.,  ac- 
cording to  Lew.  Syn.  Gen. 
Comp. 

II.  ^A^CCHARIS  Br.  546 
Plougknutn^MSpiienard:  Bae- 

cJumUt  Fr. ;  Bacchant^  Ger. 

l.^Hmifolia  X.      -547 

Groundsel  Tree.  —  ^eneeio 
arbor6$oeru  Hon.  Kew. 

2.  (h.)  angustifolia  -  547 

III.  Pfa  L.     -     .  548 

1.  frutescens  Z».      -  548 

Agh-ato  t^grinU  penariitna 
fruascaig  Pluk.  Aim. :  Bayard 
Jetutu'  Bark  Tree, 

IV.  Santoli'na  T.  548 

The  Larender  Cotton.— JEon- 
toUne^  Fr. ;  HeO^enpfianxe, 
Ger.  i  5A«toAfM,  It^ 

1.  Chamaecyparfssus  549 

Common  Lavender  Cotton.— 
Petti    Cjmres^  Fr. ;  Abrotano 
/emmma^\%a^.\  Cppressenkrautt 
Ger. 

Otker  Species.^  S.  MniarrbiafT., 
S.  TlridU  fF.,  and  S.  roima- 
rlnifbUa  L.      -       -       -  549 

v.  ilRTEMi^s/i<  Cas.  549 
].  i^brotanum  L.    ->  550 

Soathemwood Abrdtonum 

ma$  Dod.  Pempt :  Old  Man : 
ArmoiMe  Aurone^  Aurone  des 
Jardhu,  la  Citronelle,  la  Garde' 
robe,  Fr.;  EberrotUe,  fVerrnuih^ 
Stabumrtz,  Ger. ',Abtvta7io  Ital., 
Span.,  and  Port. 

2  hikmile  Hort.     -  550 

3  tobolskianum  If.  550 
A.  toboUkidna  Lodd.  Cat. 

Other  SpeeitM  qf  Artemiaiai.  — 
A.  arborescent  L.,  J. procira 
FF.,^.  SantAnlcaZ,.        -SAO 

VL  5ene*cio  Les.  -  550 
Cb»eriarfa    Lcm.   Syn.  Gen. 


Comp. :  Srfftfpcii,  Fr. ;  Krew*' 
kreutf  Ger. 

1.  Cineraria  Dec.   -  551 

Sea  Ragwort.-  Cmerdria  ma- 
ritima  Linn.  Spec.,  Jacobar'ik 
niarititma  Bonp. :  SicHian  Rag' 
wort:  Cim/nure,  Fr. ;  Metr* 
stramd$  AMckenjiflanzei  Ger.; 
Cemerma,  Ital. 

VILMuTi's/^  Cav.551 

].latifdliaD.Z>on     552 

Other  Speaei^.^M.  tlldfMia,  M. 
hiflexa.  M.  Unearifbltau  M. 
mndnata,  and  M.  subspin6sa 
Booh.  Boi.  Mue. ;  M.  arach- 
nOdM  Mart.  -       -       .  U8 

"Encdcea. 

Sect  I.  ^ui'cEiB. 

§  L  "Ericete  normdles. 

X  EKi^Ck  D.  Don  -555 
The  Heath.— Erica  ip.  Lin. 
and     others :     Bruyere,    Tt. ; 
Heide,  Ger. ;  Eriea,  ItaL 

1.  TTfitralix  L.  -     -  555 

E.  botul(/6rmis  SaL  In  Lin. 
Soc.  Trans..  E.  barbdrica  Rail 
Srn^  E.  phmila  Park.  Theatr. ; 
E.  TttraUs  rUra  Hort.  Eric. 
Woburn. :  the  eross-leaved 
Heath  :  Sumpf  Heide^  Ger. ; 
Soopa  di  Fior  rouo^  Ital. 

1  riibra  Hort.  Eric.  Wo- 

hum.       -         -  556 

2  dLmea  Ixmi.  H.  B.  556 

3  &lba  Hort.  EHc.   Wo- 

hum.      -  -  556 

4  Mackatana  -  556 
E.  MaekcAkat,    Bi4.    Fl. 

Hit. 

2.  dnerea  Z.    -     -  556 

B.  muUUfilit  Salbb.  In  Lin. 
Trans.,  E.  hUmilia  Neck.  OaU., 
E.  tetntWUia^  Ger.,  B.  cinirea 
r^bra  Hort  Eric.  Woburn.: 
Scopa^  Ital. , 

2  atropurpiirea      Lodd. 
Bot.  Cat*    -     -  556 

5  ^ba  J[,od;rf.  Cat.  -  556 

4  pallida     Lodd.     Bot. 

Cab.  •       .       '556 

5  carndscens  jL.  Co^.  556 

6  pro\ifer&Lod.Cat.  556 

7  stricu  Lodd.  Cat.  556 

3.  australis  2/.  -  -  556 
E.  pittiUdrit    Sal.     In  Lin. 

Trans. 

4.  ciliaris  X.     -     -  557 
II.  Gypsoca'^llis  S.  557 

The   Moor  Heath.  —  Enerc 
jrp.  of  other  authors. 

I.  vagans  Sal.    -     -  557 

Cornish  Moor  Heath.— E.  «d- 

gant  Lin.  Mant,  E.    vdga  Sal. 

in    Ltn.  Trans.,  E.  mtutiftdra 

Huds.    Fl.  AngL,    E.    did^ma 

Stokes    in   Withering's    ^t. 


I 


xxxu 


CONTENTS. 


Arrang.,  E.  purpurSseau  iMa. 

Diet. 

2  piUida       .         -  .557 
S  ruWscens  Bree  -  557 

4  purpur4^en8  B.^SSS 

5  &lba  .         -  5S6 

6  tendlla       -         -  558 

2.  multiflora D.Don  558 

Erica  multifldra  Lin.  Sp.,  B. 
^vnfper{fdlia,  d[C^  Garidel  Aix  ; 
E.  muUifidra  longipediceUdta 
Wendl.  Eric,  E.  pedunctUdris 
Freftl  :  Scopa  graade  rouo^ 
lul. 

3.  cdrnea  D.  Don   -  558 

E.  cdrnea  Lin.  Sp.,  E.  her- 
bdeea  Lin.  Di»„Eaaxdtai8  Sal. 
in  Lin  Trans. 

4.  mediterrunea  D.D.  558 

E.  mediterrdnea  Lin.  Mant., 
E.  lUgnbris  Sal.  in  Lin.  Trans. 

III.  Callu^na  Sal,  559 
Erica  »p.  Lin  and  others. 

1.  vulgaris  iSno/.  -  -  559 
Linff,  or  Heather. —Erica  vuU 

fdris  Lin.  Sp. :  laBruy^re,  Fr.; 
ieide^  Ger.  ;  Lyng^  Dan. ; 
Liungf  Swed. ;  SrcrUoli,  Lee- 
ekia,  or  Scopa,  Ital.  ;  Breto, 
Span.;  UrzCt  Port.;  Wereskt 
Russ. 

1  purpi^rea  -  559 

2  spuria      -  -  559 

3  decumbens  -  559 

4  tomentosa  -  559 

5  alba         -  -  559 

6  flore  pleno  -  559 

7  folils  variegatis  -  559 

8  aiirea       -  -  559 

9  coccinea  -  -  559 

10  spicata    -         '559 

11  fatro-riibens]  -  559 

12  [serotina]  -  559 

§  IL  Andromidese, 

IV.  ANDRO'MBHyl  L.  560 
Pallia    Buxbauin    Cent., 

Andromedti  tp,  L. 

1.  t7olifblia  L.        -  560 

Moorwort.  —  Rhododendron 
polifdlium  Scop.  Carn. :  vild 
Hosetnarv,  Poly  Mottntain^ 
Marsh  Cittus,  Marsh  Holy 
Base :  Andromedf,  Fr.  and  Ger. 

1  angustifoUa  Bot,    560 

2  ericoides      -       -560 

3  grandiflora  Lod.    560 

4  latifolia  Lod,       -  561 

5  minima      -         -  561 

6  revoliita  Lod,     -  561 

7  8c6tica       -         -  561 

8  stricta        -         -  561 

2.  rosmarinifAlia  P.  561 
A.  po//yd/ia  Miclix.  Fl.  Bor. 

Amer. 

Other  Speaes  of  Andr6medK.  — 
Andromeda  Drummdndrt 
Hook.  -       •  961 


V.  CASsfopJE?  Don   561 

Andr6meds^  tp.  Lin.,  Pall. 

1.  AypnoKles  D.  D,  561 

AndrdmedA  hjfpnoides  Lin. 
Sp. 

2.  tetragc^na  B.  Don  562 

AndrdmrdA  Utragbna  Lin. 
Sp. 

3.  lycopodioides  D.  562 

AndrdmedVk  lycopodioides 
Pall.  Fi.  Rofts. 

4.  ericoMes  D.  Don  562 
Andromeda    ericbtdes    PalL 

Ross. 

Other  Species  qf  Ceuskme.  —  C. 
fastiguita  D.I>oN,  C.Reduwsk/ 
G.  Don.         .         -        -   56S 

VI.  Cassa'ndr^  D.  562 

AndrdmedSL .  sp.  Lin.  and 
others. 

1.  calyculata  D.  D.  563 

AndromedA  caiyculdta  Lin. 
Sp. 

1  Tentricosa  Sims     563 

2  Ifitifolia  Lod.      -  563 

3  nana  Siim  -  563 

2.  (c.)  angustifdlia    563 

AndrOmedA  calyculdia  fi  an. 
guslipUia  Alt.  Hort.  Kew.,  A. 
angustifbUa  Purkh  Fl.  Amer. 
Sept.,  A.  crispa  DesC  et  LinlL, 

VII.  Zeno'bi.4  Don  563 

Andrdmeda  sp.  MIchaux. 

1 .  speciosa  D.  Don  564 

AndrdmrdSL  specibsa  MIchx. 
FL  Bor.  Amer. 

2  nitida         -         -  564 
A.  s.  nitida  Pursh. 

A.  cassine/d/iVi  Vent 

3  pulverul^nta       -  564 
A,  s.  pulvfrvtinia  Pursh. 
A.  pulrrruienta  Bartram. 
A.  CMiin^tlta  fi  Vent. 

A.  specibsa  y  glaOcaVfaU. 
A.  dealbdta  Lindl. 
A.  ordta  Soland. 

VIII.  Lyo'^ia  N.    564 

AtidrdfnedA  sp.  Lin.  and  Ta- 
rlous  authors. 

A.  Leaves  evergreen. 

1.  ferruginea  Xutt,    565 

AndrSmedsi  ferruginea  Walt. 
Fl..  A.  ferruiiinea  fi  fruticdsa 
.Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer. 

2.  rigida  Xutf,        -  565 

Andrdntedskferrvginea  Willd. 
Sp.,  A.  /errugmea  arbori teens 
Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  A.  ri- 
gida  Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  SepL 

3.  marginata  Don      565 

AndromedK  margindta  Du 
Ham.;  A.  coridcca\\\\\d.  Spec., 
Alt  Hort  Kew. ;  A.  lUcida 
Lam.  Encyc;  A.  tnaridna  Jacq. 
Icon.  Kar. 

2  rubra  Lod,  -  566 

B.  Leaves  deciduous. 

4.  mariana  D.  Don   566 

Andrdmedsk  mariana  Lin.  Sp. 

2  obl6nga  Swt.        -  566 


5.  raceindsa  D.  D.    dbO 

AndrdmedSk  racemdsa  Lia. 
Sp..  L*H(rit.  Stlrp. ;  A.  pans- 
culdta  Walt.  Car.,  Gronov. 
Virg. 

6.  arbdrea  D.  Don,   566 

AndrdmcdK  arbdrea  Lin.  Sp. 

7.  paniculata  Nutt.    567 

Andrdmed^  panicuiita  Lin. 
Sp. 

8.  xalicifolia  IVaU,     567 

9.  (p.)  frondosa  A^.  567 

Andr&medu.  /ronddsa  Pursh 
Fl.  Amer.  Sept. 

10.  (p.)  multiflora    567 

11.  (p.)  capresefolia 568 

IX.  LeucothozD.  568 

Andr6tne<U  sp.  of  prcTioui 
authors. 

1.  axillaris  D.  Don    568 

Andrdmedsi  axillaris  Solander 

in    Hort   Kew.,   A.   CatesbteH 

WaU.  Car. 

2  longifolia     -       -  569 

AndrdmedA  longifblia  Pur. 

A.  Waiteri  H'iSd. 

2.  spiniildsa  G.  Don  569 

AndrdmedSi  spmuldsa  Pursh 
Sept ;  '*A,  Catesbtt'^  Wait.  FT. 
Car. 

3.  acuminata  G,  D.  569 

AndrdmedA  acumindta  Ait. 
Hort.  Kew.,  A.  lidda  Jarq. 
Icon.  Bar.,  A.  \topulifblia  Lam. 
Eucyl..  A.  reiiculdta  Walt.  Fl. 
Car.,  A.  formosusima  Bartr., 
A.  lairina  Michx.  Fl.  Amer.  : 
Pipe-^iem'woodt  Amer. 

4.  fioribunda  D.  D.   569 

Andr&medA  fioribinda  Lyon 
lierbc  Sept 

5.  spicata  G,  Don     569 
Andr6medA     spicdUa    MTata. 

Dend.  Brit. 

X.  Pi'eris  D.Don   570 

Andr&medA  sp.  Wallich. 

1.  ovalifolia  D.  Don  570 

AndrSmedsi  ovalifolia  Asiat. 
Res.,  J.  capricida  Hamilt  MSS. 

XI.  Phyllo'doc£     570 

Andr6medK  sp.  L.,  Men- 
zre<ia  sp.  Swarti,  Smith. 

1.  /axifolia  jSW/.      -  571 

Aftffiz/^fia  aeriilea  Swx.  in 
Lin.  Trans.,  AndrSmedK  ctr- 
riUea  Lin.  Sp.,  A.  taxtjbiia 
Pall.  Fl.  Rost.,  Erica  carUces 
Willd.  Sp. 

2.  cTTV<trifcrmis  D.  571 

Menxiesitk  ^mpetrif6rmtM 
Smith  in  Lin.  Trans. 

XII.  Brya'nthus    571 

AndrdmedA  ip.  Lin.,  Men- 
n>#ia  SwartXf  Pursh ;  Erica 
sp.  Thunb. 


CONTENTS. 


XXXIU 


I.  Gm^lint  B.  Don    571 

Jteactia  hr^aaika  Svarts 
b  Lin.  TranK,  AmdrSmeda. 
tryu£ki  Lin.  MaDL,  Erics 
krjintha  Thunb.  DbiL,  Brp- 

Sib. 


2.  Stelleri  D.  Don    572 

A  Ran. ;  MfmaejU  ampetri- 
J6nm$  Funh  FL  Anser.  Sept., 
tot  aot  off  ocben. 


XIII.  Dab<e'cZ4  D.  572 

jpi  Lilt,  Maaie^tp.  Jum. 


I.  polifblia  Z).  ZXm   572 

Sftt^  Erica  D^c^da.  Lm. 
&^  UemsietiM  Da^da,  Dee. 
FL  GsU^  E jiea  Aiftfnuca,  ^c. 
BaS  HistSSuppU  M^nxUna, 
jtottfoUmJva-  .\ao.  Mus.,  Vor. 

Aog. :  Awl  ft'kortt,  CanioAham 
IkmA,  5L  Dabetet  Heath. 

S  idre  dbo  5»e.  BriL 

FL  GanL  -  572 

XIV.  J'bbutus  C.  573 

Tlw  Stowibcvry  Tivc.  —  Am- 
(ir^fifcwf  CliHL,  Arfrflilitf  «p. 
1JB.GCD.:  Jrb9m$ier,Fr.;  Samd- 
heen,  Gct^  Jtbetro,  Ital. 

1.  CToedo  L.       -    573 

r  ^  Ariafc*,  or  FnzMf«r 

JMrr,  Tr.;   Eribeereartige 

Ger.;  JComo^,  Mod. 


1  itbus  AiL  JL  K.    573 

3  ruber  Jit  JSL  £  573 
SfAknasJiL  H.  K  573 

4  sehizop^talus  574 

5  iutegnfolius  5!tiiu  574 

6  ericas      -  -  574 

7  jslicifilim  -  574 

2.  h/brida  AV      -   574 
A.  aaA*acAw3rfn  Link  EnnBi. 

S  Milleri  Mayes    -  575 

3.  Andrkcbne   L.      515 

A.   flB^mWaaLam.,     A»- 

Aji^eW^^kTrtaeatr..  ili»^ 
araeftrf  Tbeophfastus :  ^ro- 
cMc,  Modem  Greek. 

2  Kmtiloiia  -  575 

A^  aerrmt(f6iia  Kob. 

4.  procera  DougL      576 

5.  tomentdsa  Pttri^  576 

L. 


inhd^ffooi.eiJrH.   576 
6.(ieBstfldraJ7.^urf  JT.  576 


4^  A'rtetei.— i4. 

Xy.  Jrctosta'phvix^s 
Jdans,        -  577 


Dod.,    Toam.;    lirhmttu  $p. 
Irin. 

1.  irva-6rsi  Spreng,  577 

Xrbmtug  V*va-4ni  Lin.  Sp., 
A'rftvAM  btut/^a  Stokes  BoC. ; 
ITva-iint  buxifdiia  Sal.  inOnqrs 
Arran.:  Searberriet,  and  Arar- 
iHlortiei«rrftM,  Eng.:  Barent- 
rambe,  or  Barenbeere^  Ger. ; 
Beerendaauft  Dutch  ;  ila  Basse- 
role,  Fr.;  f/mi  ^Ono,  \Xsl.\U9a 
de  Oso,  Span. ;  I7«a  dr  Orjo, 
P(Mt.;  and  Uva  Urst\  In  the 
work*  of  most  old  botanists. 

2aiutrkca  LodcL      577 

2.  alpiDa<^r£^.    -  578 

A'rbutus  aifOma  Lin.  Sp. 

OtJker  Spea'fs  (^  krcUM&pkaf- 
kts^—A.  pilingeos  H.  B.  etK.  578 

XVI.  Pbrnb'tty J    578 

1.  mucronata  Gtxud,  578 
iirbuhu  mucrondta  Lin.  fil 

Suppl. 

2  Cummlngit       -     579 
i*.  Ctimmhtga  Lodd, 

2.  pilosa  G.  Don      579 
Arbuhu  piidsa  Graham. 

Olker  Species  qfPemSttn-^  P. 
micropbf  Ua  Goad.  {Krbutus 
mi^vpk^Ua  Font.,  A.  %er- 
Lam.),  P.  piimila 
I.  (ArMrfM  pianUa 
For»t.)  -  -    879 

XVII.  Gaulthe'r/j  L. 

1.  procCunbens  L,  -  579 

Partridge  Berry,  MousUaM 
Tea,  Spring  Winter-Green  of 
Smith's  Hist,  of  Nora  Scotia. 

2.  ShalUm  Pursh     -  580 

XVIII.  EpiGiB^A  L.  580 
MtmicfiUan  Mich. Gen.:  Maif 

FlowcTt  Nora  Scotia. 

1.  repens  L,  -  580 

2  rubicimda  Swt,      581 

XIX.  Phaleroca^rpus 

6\  Don     -  581 
YaeeinHun  Lin.,  Goit/UMa 
PttrsA.  Ofifcdeeus   Nott.,A'r- 
ftsiifwLam. 

1.  xerpyllifol.  G,  Don  581 

VflcrfiMMm   AApiiMttm  Lin. 

Sp.,     GauUhh^A   terpglUfolia 

I^irsh    Sept.,     AWbutus  JUi- 

firmks  Lam.  Diet.,  OtyobccMS 

kisjOdaUus  Fers. 

XX.  Cle'thra  L.    581 
CuellAria  Aii/x  et  Pop.  Sgtt. 

1.  alnifolia  L.        -  582 

C.  abt^blia  var.  a  denmdata 
Ait.  Hort.  Kew. 

2.  (a.)toment6saL.  582 
C.  alnifhUa  fi  pubHcens  Ait. 

Hort.  Kew.,    C  mcdata  Pers. 
Ench. 

3.  (a.)  panicul^tai4t/.582 

b 


4.  (a.)  acuminataJIf.  582 

C.  momdna  Bartr.  Cat. 

5.  (a,)  sc^bra  Pert.   583 

Sect.  II.    i^Booo^axji. 
XXI.  /Zhododb'ndron 

Rose  Baj.—  AztHea  sp.  of 
authors,  Hkodbra  Lin.,  Cka- 
auerhododfndros  Tourn.  InsL  : 
BMododcTtdron,  Fr.,  Ital.,  and 
Span. ;  Al^taisam,  Ger. 

$  i.  P(Wtc«m  D.  Don. 

1.  p6nticum  X.  -  584 
2obtiiftum  WaU.  584 
S  myrtifolium  Lodd.5^^ 

4  Smithii  Swt.Brit.584 

5  Lowit  Gar(i.MAg.584 

6  azalebldes     -      -  584 
R.  €Budeoides  Desil 

R.  o.  i9  subderlduum  JiMfr. 

7  fragrans  Chandler  5S5 
Nursery  Varieties  •     -  585 

2.  maximum  L,      -  585 

American  Rou  Bay. 
2  ilbum  HorU       -  585 

S  hybridum  Hook.    5S5 
R.  firdgrans  Hort. 
R.  Ai^Aru/ian  Lodd.  Cat. 

3.  (m.)  purpureum    586 

B.  m&ximum  y  pvrpkreum 
Pursh  Fl.  Am.  Sept.,  R.  p6tf 
(tCMN  macropb^tlum  Lod.  Cat. 

4.PurshttG.Don     586 

R.  nUuumum  /3  dibum  Purah 
FL  Amer.  Sept. 

5.  catawbiense  Mx.  586 
2  Russelliantim  587 
S  tigrinum  Hort.  -  587 

6.  chrys&nthum  L,  587 
R.  qfficindle  Salisb. 

7.  caucasicum  Pa//.  587 
2  stramineum  Hook. 567 

8  pulch^rrimum  i/.  587 
4  Noblea^iwm  Hort  588 

8.  punctatum  Andr.  588 

R./em^ti«flim  var.  manu 
Ten.  Ench.,  R.  mimis  Mx.  Fl. 
Bor.  Amer.,  R.  punctdtum 
•ar.  minus  Wats.  Dend.  Brit. 

2  m^jus  iTer  -  588 

9.  ferrugineum  L.  -  588 
2  ilbum  Zodd.  Cat.  588 

10.  (?f.)hir8utumL.588 
2  variegatum         -  589 

1 1.  aetosum  D.  Don  589 

Other  Species. —  R.  macroph^l- 
\\3im D.Don  -       -    569 

$  iL  Bodram. 

12.  campanulatum     589 

Other  Species.  ^R.  arhdreum 
Smithy  R.  a.  TenCistum  D. 
Don       ....    590 


XXXIV 


CONTENTS. 


13.  anthopogon  Don  590 
R.  aromdticmn  Wall.  Cat. 

§  iv.  Lep^fAerum  D.  Don. 

14.  Iapp6nicum  Wahl,590 

A%dlea  lappSniea  Lin.  Fl. 
Suec.,  A.J&rru^mea  Hort. 

15.  dauricuni  Xr.     -  591 
2  atrovlrens  Ktr   -  591 

R.  lepuldtum  Wall. 

$  V.  ChaanaciUuM  D.  Don. 

16.  camtsch&ticumP.  591 

17.  Chamscistus  L.  592 

§  vi.  Pentanthira  D.  Don. 
AzdleaL. 

18.  flavum  6.  i)on    592 

Axdlea    pdntica     Lin.    Sp., 
AxMea  aroorea  Lin.  Sp. 
Varietiet  and  Hybridt    •  G9S 

19.nudifldrum  Torr,  592 
AxiUea  ntidifldra  Un.  Sp., 
Azdiea  pericfymenoUes  Hx.  Fl. 
Bor.  Amer. :  <A«  Ameriean  l/o- 
nepiueUe^    Mojf  Flowers,  and 

Amer. 

1.  ooccineum  D.  D.  593 
Ax^a  fl.  coeeifiAi  Sims 

2  riktilans  D.  Don  -  593 
if.  M.  riUiUms  Ait.  H.  K. 
A.-oeridffmemSkdet  riUilans. 

3  c&rneum  i>.  D.  -  593 
il. ».  eSrwa  Ait. 

il.  p.  eimea  Punb. 

4  41buin  D,  Don  .  593 
A.  n.  6lba  Alt 

A.  p.  iS/6a  Parsh. 

5  papilionaceum    -  593 
il.  p.  papiliondcea  Forth. 

6  partkum  D,  D.    593 
j|.  p.  partita  Pursh. 

7  poiyandrum  i>.  .  593 
A.p.polsfandra  Punh. 

8  Goventdfiion  D.  -  593 

9  rubnim  LotLB,  C.  594 

10  exSmiura  D,  D.    594 

1 1  thyraifldrum  B.  R,  594 

1 2  scintlUans  B.  R.    594 

13  Seymouri   BR.   594 
VarieticM  and  Hybrids  ai- 

•igiied  to  A.  nudifldra  in 
Lodd.  Cat,,  1886      -  094 

20.  (n.)  Wcolor  D.  -  594 

Axdlea  bieotor  Panli  Sept, 
Azdlea  nudifidra  var.  bicolor 
Ait  Hort.  Kew. 

21.  (n.)    calendul^ceum 

Tmr       -        .  595 
Axdlea  calenduldeea  Michx. 
Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  A.  nudifidra 
tor.  eocdnea  Ait  Hort.  Kew. 

2  Morteru  Swt     -  595 

3  Bl^lgidum  Hook.  -  595 
A.  c.  fiUgida  Hort. 

4  16pidum  Bot.  R,  .  595 


22.  canteens  G,Don  595 

Axhlea  canisctm  Michx.  Fl. 
Bor.  Amer.,  Ph.  Sept. 

23.  yisc6sum  Torr.  -  595 

•  AxUUa  vitcdsa  Lin.  Sp. 
2  ornatum  Swt.     -  596 
Varieties  and  Hpbrids  of  A. 
viaodM  in  Lod  C.  1836  596 

24.  (v.)  gla6cum  D.  596 
Axdlea  glauca   Parsh  Sept, 

A.mscdsa  var.  JloribUnda  Ait. 
Hort.  Kew. 

25.  (v.)  hispidum  r,597 
Azdlea  hispida  Pursh  Sept., 

Axdlea  viscdsa  var.  glaiica  Ait. 
Hort.  Kuw. 

26.  (v.)  nitidum  T,  597 
Axdlea  mtida  Pursh  FLAmer. 

Sept 

27.  speciosum  Don    597 
AxMea  «pn:A«aWilld.Ennin., 

A.  eocdnea  Lodd.  Bot  Cab. 

28.  arbor^cens  7".    598 

Axdlea  arboriscens  Punh  Fl. 
Amer.  Sept.,  A.  arbdrea  Ban. 
Cat. 

§  yii.  Rhoddra  D.  Don. 

29.  /?hod6ra  G.Don  598 

BAoddra  canadintis  Lin.  Sp. 

XXII.  Ka^lh/^  L.  598 

American  LamreL 

1.  latifblia  L.    -      -  599 

Mountain  Laurel,  Calico 
Bush,  Calico  r*o%Der,  Amer. 

2.  angustifdlia  L,    -  599 

Sheep  Laurel,  Amer. 
2  ovaU  PWr«A        .  599 

3.  fflauca  Ait.   -      -  599 

K.  jaolifbUa  Wang h.  Act 
See.  Berol. 

2  rosmarinifoliaP.    600 

4.  cuneata  Michaux  600 

5.  hirsuta  Walt,      -  600 
JP.ctOataBartr.  Itin. 

XXIII.  MENZiE^s/ii  600 

1.  femiginea  ^mt^A    601 
M.urceoldris  Sal.  Par.Lond. 

2.  clobularis  Salub.  601 

if.SmUkliM*.  n. Bor. Amer., 
Axdlea  pilbsa  Lam.  111.  M.pim 
Ibsa  Pen.  Encb. 

XXIV.  AzVleaD.  6)1 

Axdlea  procumbent  Lin.  and 
many  authors,  Loisetekri^De  j. , 
ChanueUdon  Link  Enum. 

1.  proc6mben8  jL.  -  601 

C-ham^tidon  imximibenalAvlk. 
Enum.,  Lotseleia-isk  proeimbent 
Desf. 


XXV.Lbiopht'llum  P. 

Amm^sHu     Punh      Si>i>t., 
Fiscken  Swarix,  Ledum  buxs' 
fblium  Berg.  Ait 

I.  ^hymifolium  Pert.  602 

Udum  huxiflMum  Bcrgius, 
LidumtlUfmt/btium  Lain.I>ict., 
Udum  terpyimiium  L'H^rlt. 
Stirp.,  Ammsireine  buxifbUes 
Punh  Sep. :  Sand  Mgrtle,  New 
Jersey. 


Otker  Species  qf  LeiopkyUum.. — 
L.  prostritum  (Amm^rsnte 
prostrdta  Swt.,  Loud.  Hort. 
Brit;  A.  L^oni  Swt.  H.B.)  (903 

XXVI.  ZrE^DUM  L.  602 

1.  palustre  L,       -  603 

L.  silesiaeum  Clui.  Pan.,Ko»- 
marhntm  sybf4ttre  Cam.  Epit 

2  deoiimbens    AH.    603 

2.  latifoliuni  AU.    -  603 

h.greenlSndicum  Rets.OtM., 
L.  palHstre  Mx.  FL  Bor. Amer.: 
Labrador  Tea,  Amer. 

3.  canad^nse  Lodd.  603 
Sect.  III.  Taccinics. 

XXVII.  rACCl'iflUM  i. 
The  Whortleberry.  —  Vltf« 

Af^'aToum.  Inst.:  AireUe,Tr.^ 
Heidetbeere,  Ger. 

A«  Leaves  decUuomt. 

a.  Pedicels  l'Jloufered,u»ua/^ 
solitary,  rarely  twin,  or/atcicu' 

I  late. 

1.  Jl/yrtillus  L,     -  604 

7V  common  Bilberry,  or 
Jleoderry. 

2  b^ois  &lbu  Booth  604 

2.  uligindsum  L,    -  605 

MyrliUusgrdndisBmh.  Hiat.: 
'A«  grraf  Btiberry. 

3.  angusti folium  ill/.  605 
v.  myrtilloldes  Mx.  ,FL  Bor. 

Amer. 

4.  ccespitdsum  Mx.   605 

b.  Flowers  in  sessile  TvtfiM. 

5.  galezant  Michx.     606 

V.  gal\fbrmis  Sm.  I»  Reea*s 
Cyd. 

6.  ten^llum  Ait.     -  606 

V  .jMisfuytodnicKin  Lam.  Diet. 
ran>4r       -  .606 

7.  /igustrinum  JkncAf.  606 
c.  Flowers  disposed  in  Bacemea. 

8.  pallidum  Ait.      -  606 

9.  arboreum  Marsh  607 
V.  df^^ram  Alt.  Hort.  Kew. 

10.  stamfneum        -  607 

V.  6/bum  Pursh  Sept.,  V, 
etevdtum  Banks  Herb.:  Deer 
Berry,  Ainer. 

2ilbuiii  H.B.€tK.ecn 


CONTENTS. 


xxxr 


11.  dmndonm  Ak.  >  607 

T.  /niMfflmw  Mz.  FL  Bor. 
laser.,  V.  kuiHiam  Ait  Hort. 
lev. 

2  hnmile  Watt.  D.B.  60S 

12.  eorrmbosuiD  L.  606 

J.amm'iuim  AiL  Hort.  K<iw., 
y.iinmSii^mm  Mx.  R.  Bor' 

.  V.  dcwitmm  Hort,  V. 

LMB.Dict 

S  viigatimiildL  fi.  £.608 

3  faaektamJiL  H.  K.  608 
y.fiirm^imm  And.  Hot.  R. 
V.  nrtiimm  Wau.  Dend. 

Brit,  bm  not  of  Ait 

4  angustUoiium  -  609 
V.  mgistaB  Mr.  angwuti- 

fibwm  WatM.  DcDd.  Br. 

13.  albiA^iifl)  Hook,  609 
U.  mariaoum  ^ato.  609 

^'-  — rg/JMrtft  11  l«kL  Cat 

ld.graodiadruiii  ^.  609 

16.  (g.)doqgatu]D  fr.609 

17.  (g.)  ffliDutiflaruni  6 1 0 

1^  flabnim  H^o^  -  610 

19.  frondosum  L.   -  610 
^••w«-  M*.  n.  Bor. 


Svcstttom  .ite.       611 

V.  jhiaAiui  •or.  /i  Iom- 

oottem  Push  Fl.  Am. 

^^leanbsamAU.  -  611 
A«oQiUla  Wangb. 


2  rabirais  IWvA    61 1 

SlntesecntPWrdl     611 

V- fir»4fir«M  And.  B.  & 

«l.irctoafciphylo8i/.61l 
a{.(?-rf.);»aiiiidlium611 

^.  Anmti^lMot  Andr.  Bot 
f«^V.  ■g*T6Mr  Lk-  Enum., 
Hort,  V.  pari/. 
Hort.  Soc. 


C«.«rFni*.«d.lBa6L 


«>  fiimen  raetmotc 

23.  caracaiooam     -  612 

«♦.  This  id«  a  L.  -  612 

Ji^*K*'**'*Cmi.Bplt: 

J;jWWonfc4«rfF,orJoicr- 

■erry, 

2^rr.)teifbliiini  613 

*•  ^•t^icenm  Mx.  Fl.  Bor. 


^■(?^.)wyrtifbliuin613 
^.oitiduiDilfu^.  -614 
!^  crasfifolium  >!».  614 
a.  oratuiD /^in&  -  614 
^.caDade9sei2id&.  614 

31.  ifyrsinites  il£r.  615 
2lMc«ilitusiWiA6l5 
8  obt^sui  ParM        615 


I  XXVIII.   OxYco'ccus 

i      The   Cranberrj.  ~  raecim- 
'  mm  tp.  of  Lin.  and  other*. 

1.  pal6stri8  Pen.    -  616 

d.vttlgtrit  Forth  Sept.,  O. 
emropttuB  Nutt.  Gen.  Amer., 
Yaecinium  Oxi/eSecua  Lin.  Sp, 
ToeemnMi  Otyc6ccu$  vmr.  m 
oiHilifdlnu  Hx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer., 
yaccimapal6tiri$Ger.  Em&c ; 
Or$c6amm  Cord.  HItt. :  Mou- 
herries,  Moorberria^  Penber. 
I  ries,  Martkwortt  or  JVAorUe- 
I  hrrrieB^  Cormbfrriet :  ^lir^ i/ir 
cann«&fryr,  Fr.  j  gemeine 
Mootebeere,  Ger. 

2.  macrodirpus  Pur.  6] 6 

VaectjMitm  macrocmrjmm 
Ait  Hort.  Kew.,  yacaniutn 
MuptOitm  VVaagh.  Amer.,  Vac 
dnimm  Onc6ocus  fi  obUmgai- 
Uta  Mx.  FL  Bor.  Amer. 

2  follis  variegatis      617 
Viicatuikai  tnMcroedrjmm 

fid'  9ar.  Lodd.  Cat. 

3  crtctus  Fw9k     -  617 
Voeefn/iim      ervikrocdr- 

pumMx.  Fl.  Bor.  Am. 

L  Sty^rax  X.  -    -618 

The  Stonx.—Miboc^ler^T.i 
StoraXf  Ger. 

1.  officinale  L.       -  618 

Lagomiiia,  Modern  Greek  ; 
Stura*  kaiamitis^  Andenc 
Greek. 

2.  (o^  gTandifolium  618 

S.  qfftcineUt  Walt  Fl. Carol., 
ft.  grand^flifrum  Michx.  Fl. 
Bor.  Amer. 

3.  (o.)  Isrigatum  A.6]9 

8.  udandrum  L'Herlt  Stlrp. 
Nov.,  S.  gldbntm  Car.  Diis., 
S.  Ut^fe  Walt  Fl.  Carol.,  S. 
americdnmm  Lam.  Diet 

4.  (o.)  pul?eru]entum6 1 9 

S.  Ut9ig4tum  Bot  Ma^ 

Ha/^acese. 
I.  Hale's/^  Ellis     620 

The  Snowdrop  Tree.  —  Ha- 
Utie,  Fr.  and  Ger 

1.  tetr&ptera  L,     -  620 

The  Snowdrop  Tree.^-5i/iiier 
Bdl  Tree,  Amer. 

2.  (t.)parvifl6railf.621 

3.  diptera  L.    -     -  621 

Sapotaceae. 
I.  Arqa^nu  R<£m.   622 

Siderdnkm  nfindsum  L. ; 
rjrgan,  Fr. ;  Eitenholx^  Ger. 

1.  8ider6xyIon  R(emS2% 

SuterStylon    $pmbtum    Lin. 
Sp.,  £Undlndr<m  A'rgan  i2e<x. 
b  8 


Ofo.,  RAiemiM  pentapkpUua 
Jaca.  et  Boccone,  RAifwMM 
tUulus  Lin.  Sy*t. 

XI.  .^ume'lia  iSwar/.  623 
A'chras  sp.  Lin.,  Pdr. ;  Si- 
derAtpion  an.  Lam.  and  others  ; 
CkrytifpkGkum  tp,  Aubl.  and 
others :  Hochtimmm,  Ger. 

1.  /ycioides  Garrtn.    623 
SitkrSxyUm     tydoidet      Du 

Ham.  Arb..  5. /:<e>r  Walt  Fl. 
Carol.,  LydSidet  tp.  Lin. 
Hort  Cliff.  '^ 

2.  reclinata  Vent.    -  623 

Sider6rylon  recUndium  Mich. 
Fl.  Bor.  Amer. 

3.  tenax  Wilid.       -  624 

B.  ehrtnopkgUoidet  Pursh  Fl. 
Amer.  Sept.,    Siderdtylon  ti- 


Lin.  &lant.,  S.  tericeum 
Walt  Fl.  Carol..  5.  chrMto- 
pkyiiSidet  Mlchx.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer.,  Ckrytoph^Uum  caroti- 
«Aw«Jaoq.  Obe.,  C.gldbrum 
Juts. 

4.  lanugindsa  Pur<A  624 

Stder6xyion  lanuginhtwn 
Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  S. 
tena*  Walt  Fl.  Car. 

5.  oblongifolia  JV^u//.  624 

^enitcea:. 
I.  DiospY^Ros  If.  -  625 

The  Date  Plum^E'AntfM 
Comm.,  Guaiac4na  Toum. : 
Plaqmemiuier,  Fr.  ;  JJatieU 
pfiamme,  Ger. 

1.  XrOtUB  L.    -       .  625 

PteudoldtMt  Matth.,  Guaia- 
dlna  patavma  Tourn. :  Italian 
Ligmtm  Vitte,  Wood  ^f  Life, 
Pocktoood,  Meutard  Menpn- 
wood,  Gerard  ;  Date  qf  Tre- 
^bitonde:  Ptaqueminier,  fmu 
Lotier,  Fr.;  Itaiianitehe  Dat- 
ttlpfiaume,  Ger. 

2.  virgin iana  L.      -  626 

The  jperiimon.  —  Gualacina 
Catetb.  Car. 

3.  (v.)  pubescens  P.  627 

D.  virgimdtta  var,  Michx. 
Arb.  For. 

Other   Kmdt  <^  hardy  Dim. 
Pirot       -       -       -       .657 

Olehcea, 

Sect  I.    Olx^n.«. 
I.  IriGu'sTRUV  Tou.  628 

The  Privet— rrweii^,  Fr. ; 
Bainweidet  Ger. 

1.  vulgkre  TVfltf.     -  628 

L.  germAniatm  Bauh.  Hist. ; 
Prim,  or  Prim-print :  TVoen^', 
Puine  bianCf  Fr.  j  gemeine 
Rainweide,  Ger. :  Liguttro 
Oiivella,  Ital. 

2  leucocirpum      -  629 

S  xanthociirpum     -  629 

4  chlorocirpum     -  629 


XXXVl 


CONTENTS. 


5  sempervirens      -  629 

L.  itdlicum  Mill. 

Iialutn,0Te9ergreen,Pfi9et. 
6vanegatuin  .  629 

7  angustifolium      -  629 

2.  spicatum  HamiU,  630 
L.  nepalhue  Wall,  in  Roxb. 

Fl.  Ind.,  L.  ianeeoldtum  Herb. 
Lamb. 

2  glabrum  ZTooA.       630 

3.  liicidum  AU.        -  630 

Tke  Wax  Tree. 
2  floribundum  Donald's 
Cat.  -         -  630 

Other  Specie*  of  JJgHUrum.  — 
L.  salicirdlium,  L.  Jap6iiicuin 
Thunb.  (L.  tatifdlium  Vltm.), 
L.  nepalense   -       -       .631 

II.  Phillt'rea  T,  631 
Fiiaria,  Fr. ;  Steinlmde^  Ger. 

1.  media  2/.    -        -  632 

P.  latifdlia  9ar.  i  media  La- 
wyr.  Fl.  Pyr.,  P.  \igu»trifi>Ua 
Mill.  Diet.,  P.  /0'trw  Tenore 
Syll.  ;  P.  laiifblia  var.  a  Ugus- 
trtjoiia  Toll.  VLYer. 

2  virgata  Ait.  IT.  K.  632 

3  ftuxifolia^.  ^.£632 

2.  (in.)  angu8tif61iai;/.632 

P.  obliqna  Ten.  Syllo  P. 
media  Tenore  Fl.  Neap. 

2  lanceolata  A.  H.  K.  632 
S  rosmarinifolia  Ait.  632 

4  brachiau.^i<.  H.  K.6^2 

3.  (m.)  /igU8trifoIiail.632 
P.  virg&ta  Wllld.  Enum.,  P. 

midia  var.  a  Wllld.  Sp.,  VkO- 
lyrea  iii.  Clas.  Hist. 

4.  (m.)  pendula  Ait.  632 

P.  midia  y  WUld.  Sp. 

5.  (m.)  oleaefdlia  ^i^.  633 

P.  media  I  Ait.  Hort.  Kew., 
P.  racemdsa  Link  Jahrb. 

6.  (m.)  latifolia  L.  -  633 

P.  latifbUa  fi  serriUa  Poll.  Fl. 
Ver.,  P.  lati/lOia  fi  Ten.  Fl. 
Neap.,  P.  fpindsa  Ten.  Syll.,  P. 
latifbUa  /3  spindsa  Seg.  Ver. 

7.  (m.)  laeVis  AU.  -  633 

p.  latifbUa  var.  a  WUld.  Sp., 
P.  lati/diia  MUl.  Diet. 

8.  (m.)  obliqua  Ait.   633 

P.  latifdlia  y  yVfUd.  Sp..  P. 
/olideea  Link  Jahrb.,  VhiUSrea 
iL  Clufc.  HiiL 

9.  (m.)  spinosa  Jl^.  633 

P.  Uicifbtia  WUld.  Enum.,  P. 
latifbUa  /3  «pcnd«a  WiUd.  Sp..  P. 
lat^a  longifblia  Link  Jahrb., 
Vktll^rea  1.  Clui.  Hist. 

III.  Chionanthus  634 

The  Snow.  Flower,  or  the 
Fringe  Tree — Chionantke,  Fr. ; 
Schneeblume,  Ger. 

I.  virgfnica  L.        -  634 
SnowdropTrtCt  Amer. ;  Arbre 


de   Keige^    Fr. ;   Sekneebhtme, 
Ger. 

2  latifdlia  Cat.  Car.  634 
C  «.  montdna  Pursh  Sept. 

3  angustifolia  Ait.    634 
C.  tri/lda  Momch. 

4  maritima  Pursh  ~  634 
C.marli/ma  Lodd.  C.  1836. 

O'lea  ainericana  L.  635 
TAtf  Devil-tpoodt  Amer. 

Sect.  II.     SrRfffOEjK. 

IV.  Syri'nga  L.   -  635 
The  Lilac  —  Z,iZac.  Tourn. 
Inst. :  LHas^  Fr. ;  Ftieder,  Ger. ; 
LHaco,  Ital. 

I.  vulgaris  L.  -       -  636 

Ulac  vulgdris  Gsrt. :  Pnve 
Pri«»^/.  or  Pipe  Tree:  Litas 
eommttn,  Fr.;  gemeiner  Flie- 
dcTt  Ger. ;  Lilla,  or  LfYoc  Iwrco, 
Ital. 

1  caeriilea  Clus.  nist.636 

2  riolaceari«rt.i?.M636 
The  Scotch  IMac. 

3  &lba  ...  636 

4  alba  migor  Lod.  C.  636 

5  ilba  pldna  *         -  636 
S.  plena  Lodd.  Cat. 

6  riibra  Lodd.  Cat.   636 

7  riibra  mAjor  X.  C.  636 
I.i2m   de    Marlff  of   the 

French  gardeners. 


Other  Varieties 


636 


2.  Josikoea  Jacq.    -  637 

3.  persica  L.  -        -  637 
Lilac  minor   Mcench,   Lilac 

p6rsica  Lam.:  LUasde  Perse, 
FT. ;  I.J/OC  di  Persia,  ItaL 

2  &lba  Lodd.  Cat  -  637 

3  laciniata  Lodd  C.  637 
5.  eapitdta  Gmel.  Itin. 
X^r/M  d  FeuiUes  de  PersQ, 

Fr. 

4  Milvifolia  Lodd.  C.  637 

4.  rothomagensis    -  637 

S.  diibia  Pert.  Ench. ;  Liia- 
ceum  rothomaginse  Renault  Fl. 
de  rOrne,  S.  media  Dum. 
Cours.,  Lilas  Varin  N.  Du 
Ham.,  S.  chinSnsis  Willd.  Sp., 

5.  sibirica  Hort.:  the  Siberian 
Lilac,  Hort. 

2  Lilas  Royal  BonJ.6SS 

3  sanguinea  Hort.     638 
Lilcu  saugi,  Fr. 

Other  Species  of  Syrfnga.  — S. 
Embdi  Wall  Cat,  Don%  MUL, 
Koyle  Illust.    -       .       .  esA 

V.  FoNTANB  s/^  Lab.  638 
1.  jphillyreoides  Lab.  639 

Sect  III.  J^aximib'.c. 
VL  i^A'xiNUS  Tou.  639 

The  Ash — Fi^ene,  Fr. ;  Esche, 
Ger. ;  JV-off/no,  ItaL 


A.  Leaflets  broad,  smooth,  air 
shining  on  the  upper  sutfaee. 
Natives  qfEwrope. 

1.  excelsior  L.       -  639 

F.  apitaUt  Lam.  III.,  F.  ftM- 
trdta  Guss.  Fl.  Bar.,  F.  O'maw 
Scop.  Carn.,  F.  erbsa  Pers.,  F, 
erUpa  Bosc:  le  Frine,  Fr.  ; 
Aesche,  or  Esche,  Ger.  and 
Dutch  ;  itfsir.  Dan.  and  Swed. ; 
Frassino,  Ital. ;  Fresno,  Span. ; 
Freixo,  Port ;  .Tiu,  Jasen,  or 
Jassen,  Ruu. ;  .£ce.  Sax. 

2  p6ndulai4t<.  .ff.  JT.  640 
Frene  Parasol,  Fr. 

3  aiirea  Willd.  En.  640 
F.    a|{r<'a  Pers.  Ench., 

Lodd.  Cat.  1886. 

4  hixteA  p^duU  -  641 

5  crispa       -         -  641 
F.  chspa  Bosc. 

F.  atruvh-ens  Desf.  Arb. 
6ja8pidea  mUd.     641 

7  purpuhiscens  D.  641 
F.  pttiTWkrra  Hort. 

8  arg^ntea  Desf.     641 

9  liitea        -        -  641 

10  erosa  Pers.  Ench.  641 

11  horizontalis  Z>e9^  64 1 

12  verrucosa  Desf.    641 

13  verruc.  pendula   641 

14  nana         .         .  641 

15  fungdsa  LodeL  C.  641 

16  verticillita  L.  C.  641 

1 7  villosa  ndva  Des,  641 
Other  Varieties     -        -  641 

2.  (e.)  heteroph/lla  642 

F.  simplicifblia  Willd.  Sn., 
F.  monoph^/ia  Desf.  Arb.,  F. 
simpUcifoiia  Hort.,  F.  exc€lsior 
var.  •  Lam.  Diet.,  F.  eneisior 
fi  heterophylla  Dec.  F.  inte£ri. 
ftlia  and  diverstfblia  Hort. 
2  varieg4ta  >         -  643 

3.  (e.)  angustifolia^.  643 

F.  udicifblia  Hort 

B.  Leaflets  small,  smooth^  or 
shining  above.  Natives  c^tke 
South  qf  Europe,  the  North  <^ 
Africa,  or  the  West  qf  Asia. 

4.  parvifdlia  WUld.  -  643 

5.  (p.)  argenteaXfOu.643 

6.  (p.)  oxycdrpa  W.  644 
F.  oxjfphma  Bieb.  Fl.  Taur., 

F.  O'mtMPaU.  Wn.  Taur. 

7.  p&Uida  Bosc       -  646 
8. /entiscifdlia  Def/:  646 

F.  tamarteaTdOa  VahTEnum.. 
Don's  Mill. ;  f.parvifbtid  Lam. 
Diet.,  F.  aleppinsis  Pluk. 
Phys. 

2  pendula     -         -  645 

C.  Leaves  and  Leaflets  large^ 

ftaucous,  and  doump  benaalh. 
Natives  egclusivelu  (if  North 
America;  and  m  BriUsim 
chi^  to  be  considered  a»  or^ 
namental  Trees. 

9.  americana  Wiild.    646 

F.  acumtndta  Lam.,  Doii*a 
Mill..  Pursh  Sept. ;  F.  dltcotor 


CONTENTS. 


XXX  vii 


&U.:  WUte  Aak,  Often  Ask, 

iiatttoMa.      -         -  6^6 

10.  (a.)  pubescens  W,  6^6 

F.  migru  Da  Km  HartA^  F. 
BiBiBrftiiiii  MiduL  N.  Am.  Syl. : 

tak.  Black  Ash,  Amer. 
S  loa^folU  Wind.     647 

F.  BrMtyfwMJea  Manb. 
Sladlolia  WtUd.    -  647 
4  sabpub^seeiis  Ars.647 

?  F.  mMSaM  Bosc 


1 1,  (a.)  sambodidlia  647 

F.  migrm  Moocfa.  F.  crsjpa 
Hon. :  tke  Sack  A*h :  Water 
iMk,  Amer. 

S  cnspa  Lcdd,  Cat,  647 

IS.    (a.)    quadrangulata 

3/x.  -        -         -  648 
F.  feermgdma  Gek  ex  Diim. 
de  Cmn-,  F.  amadraitguldris 
Lodd.  Cat. :  Blme  Jshjimer. 


13.  (a.)/iigkndif51ia648 

F.  viridia  3£l  N.  Amer.  Sri.. 
F.  rimabr  Midil.  :  tke  Green 
AMk^  Hidiz.  ;  Wetlem  Black 
JMk^PmA. 

S  ■ufaiot^g^rrima      649 
F.  iMlM^aaiM  ^  faiiM'- 

rdtaWiUd. 
F.  airiiffm'iiBn  Wang.  Am. 
F.  .Vd«K--il'ii«fi^  and  F. 
HUL  Diet. 


14.  (a.)  carolimana  649 

F.  otfiifar  Walt.  F1.  Car.. 
F.  urrmt^^ha  Siichx.  fll.  Arb., 
F.  InmnvlUti  Borkh. :  SJUmtng 


1 5.  fa.)  epfptera  Fo^eoO 

F.  nwiarfftnig  Gsftn.  FmcL, 
F. 


I6l  (a.)platjcarpar.650 

F.  cav«Ain«M  Cateab.  Car. : 
JA,  Amer. 


_  1  speaeSm 

— F.  (a.)  exp&Ma  FFitfdL,  F. 

fa.)  rafxta  Amt,  F.  (a.)  paU 

Tarai€sta   Acer,  F.  (a.)  ru- 

feictind»  Bate,  F.  (a.)  longi- 

fblrn   &Me.    F.    (a.)    vlridit 

Jbac   Jl  (a.)  dxiirea   Boec, 

T.  (a.)  iCw  A>»c,    F.  (a.) 

BicUkrdi  Bok,    F.  (a.)  orkta 

Jbtcv  F.  (a.)  nigra  Bote,  F. 

<a.)  dUptiea  Baec,    F.  (a.) 

tf«a  &wc;F.  (a.>rftfaita«c, 

F.  i  a.)  panacea  Frai.  et  Bosc, 

F.  B6«enr  G.  Doo,  F^  (a.)  po- 

bmooiifUui    FMr.,    F.    (a.) 

liiocen  ^Vitfr.,   F.  cbiafofia 

Bto.,  F.  SchiedtadM  8cfa.  661 

Vn.  r/BNUS  Ptfrr.  651 
TW  FlovierfQg  A«fa.— FrAn- 
«v  9.  of  tfae  old  aatbon :  ^ 
frne  i  /fcvrr,  Fr.;  di^  A/JI- 
Anie  £icftr,  Ger.  ^  Orwo,  Ital.; 
6^  Hebrev ;  Oremi  melia^ 

I.  eoropca  /Vr/.      &b\. 

T!«  yaaiB  Aah FreLrnnu 

frma  Lin.  Sp.,  F.  (ymiu  and 
r.  fernKmOta  MBl.  DiO^  F. 


fiori^ra  Scop.  Cara.,  F.  Aofry- 
Ad^  Bfor.  Prclud.,  F.  vaii^d- 
iaor  Segu.  Ver. 

2.  (e.)  rotundifolia  652 

Fraxhtus  roiw»difblia  Ait. 
Hort.  Kew.,  F.  mamufera  Hort. 
Pluk.  Aim. 

3.  (e.)  americana  P.  653 

F.  ommcdaa  Linn.  Sp.,  F. 
(yrwtt$  ameriedna  Lodd.  Cat 

isae. 

4.  i]orib6nda  G.D,  653 

Fr^xnMtff  florib6nda  D.  Don 
Prod.  FL  Nep. 

Otfer  Speaa  <f  (yrtnu.  —  O. 
strftta  {Friehnu  striata 
Boac,  Don's  Mill.)  .  603 

Jasmindcea, 

I.  JASMi>9VMForsk.  654 

The  Jasmine.  —  Monpbrium 
Lam. :  Jessamine :  Jasmin, 
Fr.  and  Ger. ;  Sekaamm^  Gv^t.  ; 
GeisomfiUt  Ital.;  Jaxmin,  Span. 

1.  fruti^ns  Zi.        -  654 

Jos.  keteropMUum  Mcench, 
Lob.  AdT. 

2.  humile  L.  -  655 

ItaUan  yeliow  Jasmine. 

3.  beterophjilum  i2. 655 

J.  arbdremm  Hamllt.  MSS. : 
Goq)ee  and  Javana  in  Nepal. 

4.  revolutum  JTct*  -  655 
J.  chrysinOumMm  Roxb.  Fl. 

Ind. ;  the  Nepal  yeliow   Jas- 


5.  (r.)publgeram2}.  656 

J.  ?FaiZN:A1inum  Lindl,  Bot. 
Beg. :  Clrmali-stoa,  Nepalese. 

6.  officinale  L.       -  656 

2  foliis  arg^nteis  L   656 

3  foliis  aureis  L.  C  656 

4  fluribus  pUnis  H,  656 

Kpoa/ndcecB. 
I.  Fi'NCA  L.  -  657 

The  Periwinkl&  —  P^rmca 
Toum. :  la  Fervenche^  Fr. ; 
Sitm^rUn,  Ger. ;  Finea,  or 
Fior  da  Morto,  Ital. 

1.  major  !>.  -  657 

\inea  media  Delile,  Ver- 
mnca  me^or  Scop.  Cam. 

2  variegata  Hort.  '657 

2.  minor  L,  -  657 

Tervinca  minor  Scop.  Cam., 
Frrvtnca  vulgaris  Park.  Thea., 
Gi^iMa^u  d^/biofdes  Dodon. 
PempC. 

2  foliis  arg^nteis  Z.  658 

3  folus  aureis  Lod,  658 

4  flora  &lbo  i^oef.  C.  658 

5  flore  pleno  ixxZ.  658 

6  flore  puniceo  X.  658 

7  acutifiora  Per/.  658 

b  8 


AsclepiadkceBd. 
I.  Peri'ploca  L.  -  658 

Perqitoca^  Fr. ;  ScMinge, 
Ger. ;  Feripioca,  Ital. 

1.  grseVaZ.    -      -  659 

F.-macHlSUa  Monich,  Schmidt 
Baum.:  SOk  Tree:  Apocino 
serpeggiante,  Ital. 

2.  aneustifolia  Lab.  659 

P.  »%sda  Vlr.,  P.  Levig4ta 
VahL 

Phtsia'^nthus      albens 
Mart.  -      -         -  659 

BigfionisLceas, 
I.  BiGNo^NwTou.  -  660 

The  Trumpet  Flower— A^fl 
none,  Fr. ;  Trompetenbiume, 
Ger. ;  Bignonia,  Ital. 

I.  capreolata  Z.     -  660 

II.  Te'coma  Juss.    661 

jffi^pR^ia  sp.  Lin.  and  others. 

1 .  radicans  Jttff .     -661 

BigndnlA  radicans  Lin.  Sp., 
Bignonlsi  radicans  md^  Hort., 
Gels^mium  Clfmatis  Barrel. 
Icon.,  BigndnlsL  traxiw{fblia 
Catesb.  Car. :  Jasmin  de  Vir- 
ginie.  Ft.  ;  Wurxeln  Bignonia, 
Ger. ;  Essckenbl'ddtge  Btgnonia, 
Dutcli ;  Gelsomino  americano, 
ItaL 

2  major  Hort.        .  661 

2.  grandiflora  5u!/.  -  661 

FNgnimSa,  grafid^fldra  Thunb. 
FL  'AP-«  B.  ehtninsis  Lam. 
Diet.,  RJeftJtfo  Kempt  Amoen., 
Incarvilleti  grand{flOra  Spreng. 
Syst. :  Tvng'von-fa,  Chinese. 

III.  CatA'lfa  Juss.  662 

Agndnla  sp.  of  Lin.  and 
others :  Bignone  Cataipa,  Fr. ; 
gemeine  TrompetenUume,  Ger. 

1.  jryrmgopfolia  Sims  662 
BigniMSn.  CatAlpa  Lin.  Sp., 
Cataipa  &t/pionioldes  Wali.  Ft. 
Car.,  C.cordtfdlia  Nutt.  Gen. 
Amer. :  Bois  Showmen,  Cataipa 
de  CAmirigue,  Fr. ;  Trompc' 
tenbaum,  Ger. ;  Catalpa^boom, 
Dutch. 

Solancicece. 

I.  ^OLA^fUM  Toum.  663 
The  Nightshade.  —  Melon- 
ghia  Toum.  Inst.,  PseUdo- 
Ckpsicttm  Moench  Meth..  A'yc- 
terium  Vent.  Jard.  Malm., 
AquArtia.  Jacq.  Amer. :  Moretle, 
Fr. ;  Nacktscbatien,  Ger. ;  So- 
lano, Ital. 

1.  Dulcamara  L.    -  664 

S.scandens  Neck.  Gall.  Bel., 
Dulcamdra  ftexmbsa  Moench 
Meth.,  S.  scdndens  sen  Dtii- 
camdra  Toum.  Inst,  Amdra 
diUeis  Gerard  Emac.,  DUleis 
amUra  Tng.,Glyc$picros  sen 
Dulcamdra    Baun.    Hist. :   la 


XXXVlll 


CONTENTS. 


MoreUe   grimpante^  Regnault 
Bot.  Icon. 

1  violikcea  H,  Eytt.  664 

2  41ba  Lift.  Fl,  Suee,  664 
8  ciirnea  Celt.  Upt.  664 

4  plena  Toum,  Inat.  664 

5  variegate  MwU.     664 

6  hirsiita  />on'«  MiU,664 
S.  UttoriUe  Hort. 

7  rup^stris  Schmidt  664 

2.  crispum  7?.  <$•  i9.    664 
IL  ZfY^ciUM  L.     -  665 

The  Box  Thorn.  —  Jofmi- 
M^l(/r«  Niss.  in  Act.  Gall. :  Ma. 
irimonu  Vine,  Amer.  j  Lycien, 
Fr. ;  RocAsdorHj  Ger. ;  Lict>, 
lUl. 

1 .  europae^um  jL.    -  665 

L.  Mitc(fbltum  Mill.  Diet., 
Janninoidet  aeuiedtum  Mich. : 
Spino  Mnto.  6>mo  uTi  C!r»ito, 
Ital. 

yarietiea.  —  Fruit    yellow. 
Fruit  roundish    •       .666 

2.  (e.)  b&rbarum  L.  666 

L.  halimifbltum  Mill.  Diet., 
L.  bdrbarum  «  vulgAre  Ait. 
Hort.  Kew. :  <A«  DkA^  </  ^r- 
g»irs  Tea  Tree. 

3.  (e.)  chindnse  Af,  666 

L.  AarAAruiM  /S  ckinfnte  Alt. 
Hort.  Kew.,  L.  ^rirfrarum 
Lour.  Coch.  ?,  L.  ovdtum  N. 
Du  Ham. 

4.  (e.)  TTcmdnum     667 

L.  bdrbarum  Lara.  Diet.,  L. 
ekindue  N.  Du  Ham. 


5.  (e.)  ruthenicum    667 

L.  tatdricum  Pall.  Fl.  Rou. : 
£j<ct>n  i/<r  /(I  Russfe,  Fr. 

:2  c^picum  PoZ/.       667 

6.  (e.)  lanceolatum   668 

L.  europat'um  /S  Dec,  Fl.  Fr. 

7.  {?  e.)  turbinktum  668 

L.  halim(fUium  Mill.  Diet.?, 
L.  bdrbarum  /3  Dec.  Fl.  Fr. 

8.  iifriira  L.    -         -  668 
2  rigidum     -         .  668 

L.  rigidum  Booth. 
Other  Species  qf  Lucrum,  —  L. 
OT^tuin,  L.  spatuUUuoi,  and 
L.  obovitum      •         •  ggg 

HI.  CraboVsk/v4  Schl. 

L  Herit. 

I.  boerhaavf<^o/;a  S.  669 

L^cium      boerbaa9la:mHum 


Lin.  Suppl.,  EkretU  haUmi- 
Jdba  L'Vlerit.  Stirp.,  LJcium 
hetfropk6Uum  Murr.  Comm. 
Gott.  JasTmnoides  spindsum 
Du  Ham.  .-irb. :  Lycmm  pa- 
mculi,  Fr. 

ScrophularidcetB* 

I.  Bu'Di)LEy<  L.     -  670 

I.  globdsa  Z/.  -       -  670 

B6ddieaL  globtftdra  N.  Du 
Ham. ;  B.  capitdta  Jacg.  Col., 
Icon.  Rar. ;  PdUjuin,  Feuillfie 
It. :  BuddUia  globuieux,  Fr.  i 
Kopftragende  Sudl^e^  Ger. 

II.  Paulo Vnl<  Sieb. 

A^ndnia   Thunb,   Fl.   Jap., 


WiUd.  ap.  PU  Pen.  %». ;  /» 
carvtJJga  Spreng.  Sust, :  JOrra; 
Japanese  ;  Too,  Hak-too,  Chin. 

1.  imperialis  Sieb.  -  671 

i^tfnonia  tomenlbsa  Tbanb. 
Fl  Jap.,  WIllO.  SpL  PI.,  Pers. 
Syn.  ;  IncarviUeA  tomentitsa 
Spreng.  Svst  Veg. :  Kirn, 
Japauese,  Ksmpf.  Amoen. 

Lahiacece. 
Phlomis  fruticoaa  672 

Jerusalem  Sage. 

/Rosmarinus    officinalis 
X.     -        -        -  672 

I/AVa'ndula  5pJca    672 
The  comnon  Lavender. 

.Sa  LViA  officinalis  X.  673 
I.  Ti^PEx  Z.  -        -  673 

The  Chaste  Tree.  —  GatiUer, 
Fr. ;  KemcAbaum^  Ger. ;  f'Aicr. 
ItaL 

1.  i4'^nu8  cistus  i.  673 

EAriv»«m  TA^pAriSf/i  to6. 
«o».,  A'gnw  cdttus  Blackw.. 
Viper  agrfstis  Gerard :  Jrbre 
^ffPoivre  saupage,  Fr.;  Pcpe 
dt  Monaa\  Ital. 

2  latifolia  MiH      -  674 

2.  {A,)  incisa  L«»i.    674 

V.  Negtindo  Bot.  Mag. 

3.  arborea  Rox.       .  674 


Subdiv.  IL     MONOCHLAMY'DEiE; 


C/ienopodiacete. 
I.  Chenopo'dium  L.675 

The  Goosefoot.  ->  Saltbia  $p. 
Lin. :  Anterine,  Fr. ;  Game 
Pun,  Ger.;  Ckenopodio,  Ital. 

1.  fruticosum  SchradSlS 

Stonecrop    Tree    SatsiHa 

fruticbsa  Lin.  Sp.  PI.:  7*A* 
ikrubby  Gkutwort :  Soude  en 
Arbre,  Fr. ;  strauchartiget 
Saizkraut,  Ger.  ;  Sopranivolo 
legnoeo,  Ital. 

2.  parvifolium  i?.4-5.675 

C.  /ruttcbtum  Bieb.  in  Fl. 
Taur  -Cauc,  C.  microphuHum 
Bieb  in  Suppl.  to  Fl.  Taur.- 
Cauc.,  SaUbla  firuticb$a  Bieb. 
Casp.,  Suaeda  micropkCita 
Pall,  hlust. 

II.  /^'TRIPLEX  L.    -  676 
The  Orache — ArrocAe,  Fr.; 
Meide,  Ger.  j  Atripiice,  lul.       j 

1.  //alinius  //.        ,  676  I 
The  Tree  Puralane.  -  H^/i*.  i 


mus  tati/btfus  eive  fruiicbsus 
Bauh.  Pin. ;  H&limus  I.  Cius. 
Hi^t. :  the  broad-leaped  Sea 
Purslane  Tree :  Arroche,  Fr.  ; 
Uraucharlige  Metde,  Ger. 

2.jDortulacdides  L.    676 

The  SeaPurslane.— Hotfrnw* 
»ec6ndux  Clus.  HUt.,  H.  »«/. 
^arw  Ger.  Emac.,  miimus 
seu  Portuldea  mar'ma  Bauh. 
Pin.  A.*triplejr  maritima.  Ha- 
limusetPortuldcomarma  dicta 
anguttifblia  Rail  Syn.:  /)»<r 
narrow'leafed  Sea  Purslane 
Tree. 

III.  DiOTis  Schreb,  677 
Ceratoides  Toum..    A'tyris 
Lin.,    C<rratosp£nnKm  Pers. 

I.  Ceratoides  W,   -  677 

r^^'^JT^  Ceratbules  Lin.  Sp. 
PU  Ceratosp^rmum  pappbsum 
Pers.,  .I'xyW*  Jruiicbsajtdri. 
iff  f<'*^neis  landtis  Ginei. 
Sib.        Achurdnthes     pappbsa 

l?^^\  V?"*^'**  ^raseken/nni. 
ArdMa  GuldcnsL  in  Act.Petrop.. 
Ur<»ca  /a/iM  lanceoldtis  farmi. 


Crr/i/oi*.*  orientdlis  fi^ico.u 
Uaagni  fblio  Touni.  Cor  - 
Orientalisches  Doppelokr,  Ger.' 

Volygondcece. 
I.  Tragopy'rum  A>6. 

The    Goat-Wheat^— Po/tfjir*»_ 
num  Lin.  Hort.  UpT.  ***^ 

1.  lanceplatum^ieA.  678 

PolSgonumJrut^scens  WfHd 

2.  iuxifdiium  5*^4.     678 

S,rn^otM.g.;i^.c«^^V^^. 

3.  pol/gamum  -Sjpr.    679 
Gen!'  P^rvtfblium    Nutt. 

^'ir^'iff'^irTragop^nim  - 
T.  maritlma  .        .  g^^ 


CONTENTS. 


XXXIX 


IL  ifTRAraA^xis  L.  679 

A'trMer    Toarn.:  ShremcM- 
mUt,  Gee, 

1.  spinosa  L,         -  680 

Cm. 

2.  uklulata  L.       -  680 
in.  Cuxi'gonuiiL.680 

FaBSAt     L^      furvcocems 
PiU. 

1.  P^astt  UHert.    680 

neneitxm*  aokfima    PaU. 

PaU.  iDTi .  PaiLiM  camea 
Lis  fll.  SiippL,  P<a<bia  Pte- 
tveocemi  PaO.  fiL  iocs. :  Com- 
Baektrnkaotf,  Ger. 

L  Lau'rus  i-        -  681 

Tke  LMxel,  a  Bag  Tree.  — 
SiiMfrai  mmd  leiuJnn  C.  Cr. 
rm  EMoAeek  M^flUti.CntiLi 
r,  Fr- ;  Lorbttr,  G«r. 


1.  nobUigL.     -     -  681 

Th«  S«c*  Bar.  —  tM&na 
GBBcr.,Tatf.>I>odao..IU|r ;  L. 
rti^^ris  B^  Pin. :  Lamrier 
caammmm^  Dmrier  frtmCy  Lat^ 
ntr  fAf^MmJ-amirrd  Sauce, 
Yj.\  S^^te    Lorbeer,    Ger. ; 

i  «ttiilata  MiB.    -  682 

S«kilolU  5v<.    .  682 

*.  a.  amgmMiifbUa  Lod. 

^ariegmta  5ar<.     -  682 

L.  a^  aor.  Lodd.  Cat. 

;  btilolia  MUL     -  682 

S  eroiMi /xmU.  Cof .  682 

7  flore  pBoo  -  682 

3.  can^eosis  O/ef .  683 

TW  Red  Bay.  ~L.  JBbrMaU 
Lta.  5bl,  L.  axiOAru  Lsm., 
Baril^mh  *p.  Plum.  Geo.,  P^r- 
«ea  BorinmaL  Spreng. :  the 
irtmi-kmred  Carolina  Bay: 
Laarier  rvmge,  Lamrier  Bonr- 
^  Lamrier  de  Caroline,  Ft.  ; 
Caraiiniaeker  Ltfrbeer,  rotker 
Larheer.  Gcr. 

2  glabra  PkriA      -  683 

3  fubeBceos  PW«A    683 

4  obtitsa  iVraA      -  683 

3.  CateslMffira  Mx.  683 
"L.  teatiwali*  Lin.  Spcc^  L. 
<a#npu  MUL  Dkrt.,  L.  Ett6*- 
mm»  ^Mi9dlia  Natt.  Gen.: 
Psmd  Atsb.  AflMT. ;  Aomaarr 
larfierr,  Ger. 

B.  />«•««  dMtfwwff. 

i  Sauafrat  L.  -  683 
Ctfnm  aii«  odoriMa,  /oUo 
*"B**»  «ar|f  mr  plena,  Saua^ 
frmt  dicta,  Pluk.  Abn. ;  &»- 
«^«  arhor,  ex  Plorida,  ficul- 
■■>«».  BaidL  Pin.;  SA«mfnu 
V.  C  G.  Kccs  Von  Eaenbeck, 


rs«r  Sas$qfrat,  Fr. ;  Sas$(^a* 
Lorheer,  Ger. ;  Sa$»qfrauOt 
ItaL 

5.  Betizoin  L.    -    -  685 
The  BeojamtnTree.—  wl'rAor 

atrfm/diui  citreet  vcl  Umonii 
JoSo,  benzotnum  /undent, 
Comm.  Hort. ;  haHrus  asti- 
9dU*  Wangh.  Amer.,  Laiirus 
Pseddo-Betahin  Miekatu  Fl. 
Bar.  Amer.,  Eudtmtu  BenzMn 
NmU.  Gen.,  BeniMn  sp.  C. 
G.  Nee*  Von  EMobeck  :  Spice 
Bask,  Spice  Wood,  or  vnld 
Allspice,  Amer.  ;  Laurierfaux 
Bentoin,  Fr. ;  Benzoin  Lorbeer, 
Ger. 

6.  (B,)  JDiospyTusP.  685 

L.  Eudtmui  Utospj^mt  Nutt. 
Gen.,  L.  diospproidet  Mx.  FL 
Bor.  Amer.,  r  L.  meli$xt^fblia 
Walt.  Car. 

7.  geniculata  Mx.     685 

L.  Eu6Mmu$  genicuUUa  Nutt. 
Gen.,  L.  testivdli*  Willd.  Sp. 
PI. 

ThymeldcecB. 

I.   1>A'PHNE  L,         -  686 

Tkymelar'a  Toum.  Init., 
Gvrtn. :  Daphne,  ¥t.  ;  Seidel- 
hast,  Ger. ;  b^fne,  ItaL 

A.  Leaves  deciduous. 

1.  Mezereum  L.     -  687 
The    common   Meaereon.  — 

Spurge  Olive,  Spurge  Fiax, 
Flowering  Spurge,  Parkinson ; 
Dvar/ Mjf,  Gerard:  Lauriole 
femelle,  Bois  genlil,  Metireon, 
Boisjoli,  Fr. ;  gemeiner  Seidet- 
bast,  or  Kellerbalx,  Ger. ;  Pe- 
perackUge  Daphne,  Dutch ; 
Laureoia  /em nut,  Biondella, 
Cornelia,  Ital.j  Laureoia  heni' 
bra.  Span. 

2  flore  i\ho     -       •  687 

3  autumnale  -  687 

2.  altiica  Pall,       -  687 

Demhne  altaiquCf  Laurtole 
de  Tartarie,  Fr. ;  Sibnischer 
Seidelhast,  Ger. 

3.  ulpina  L.    -      •  688 

The  Mpine  Chamelea  Marsh. 
Plant :  Daphn4  des  Alpes,  Fr. ; 
Alpen  Seideibast,  Ger. ;  OUveUa, 

ItaJ. 

B.  Erect.   Leaves  persistent. 
FUneers  later oL 

4.  Laureoia  L,      -  688 

The  Spurge  Laurel. — Daph- 
uotdes  virum  vet  Laureoia 
Gem.  i  iMureola  Rail  Syn., 
Ger.  Em. ;  ThymeUe'a  Lau- 
reoia Scop.  Carn. :  the  ever- 
green  Daphne :  Lauriole  male, 
jLaurMe  des  Anglais,  Fr.  ;  tm- 
mergrUner  Seideibast,  Ger. ; 
Cavolo  di  Lupo,  Ital. 

5.  p6ntica  L.         -  688 

Thyme/te^a    pdntica,    eitrei 
/(Mis,  Toum.    Itin. :    Lauriole 
b  4 


dm  Levant,  Fr. ;  Pontisdur  Set- 
delbast,  Ger. 

2  rubra  Hort.         -  689 

3  foliis  variegitb  L,  689 

6.  Thymelae  a  Vahl.  689 

ThymeLe  a  /oliis  polygal^ 
glabris  Bauh.  Pin. ;  T.  alp'ma 
gldbra,  floseuUs  subluteis  ad 
joiiorum  ortum  sessilibut.  Pluk. 
Aim. ;  SanamUnda  vtridis  vet 
gldbra  Bauh.  Prod. ;  Sana- 
mUnda  gldbra  Bauh.  Hist  ; 
Passerina  ThffmeLe'a  Dec.  : 
the  Wild  OUve :  la  IhymeHe, 
Ft.  ;  astloser  Seideibast,  Ger. 

7.  Tdrion^raira  L  -  689 
Thymeke'a  Joliis  candieanti- 

bus  et  serid  knstar  moUibus 
Bauh.  Pin.  ;  Tarton-Raire 
GaUo-orovinci^  Mumpelien' 
sium  Lotk.  Ic,  Sanam^nda  ar~ 

Jentdta  UUi/bUa  Barr.  Ic, 
*asserina  Tftrton-rairaScArd.: 
the  oval4eaved  Daphne :  Lau- 
rtole blanche.  Ft.;  Silberbldi- 
triger  Seideibast,  Ger. 

8.  (?  71)  pub^scens  689 

Thifmela^a  it&lica,  Tarton- 
raire  GaUo-provincidf  similis, 
sed  per  omma  mt^jor,  Micheli : 
Behaarter  Seideibast,  Ger. 

9.  (?  T,)  tomenidga  690 

Passerina  villdsa  Lin. :  Lau- 
riole cotonmeuse  Lam.  Encyc. 

C.  Erect.   Leaves  persistent. 

FUtwers  termtnoL 

10.  collina5»itM       690 

The  Neapolitan  Mexereon — 

D.  coUlna  m  Bot.  Reg.:  ?  D. 
hux^lia  Vahl  Symb. ;  Da- 
phni  des  CoUmet,  Lauriole  d 
Feui/les  de  Santi,  Fr. ;  Stump/- 
bHittriger  Seideibast,  Ger. 

2  neapolitana  L,    ■  690 
D.  neapoiitdna  Lod.  Bot. 

11.  (c.)oledides     -  690 

ChamaxlaphnoKies  critica 
Alpin.  Exo(.,  ThjfmeleB^a  cri. 
tica  ole^JoUo  utriusoue  glabra 
Toum.  Cor. ;  Daphne  uUid- 
y/hlia  Lam.  Encycl.:  Lauriole 
d  Feuiiies  d'Olivier,  Fr  ;  Oel- 
baumblat triger  Seideibast,  Ger. 

12.  (c.)8ericear</A/691 

Thffmeke'a  critica  olesB  folio 
sublus  villosa  Toum.  Cor., 
Daphne  ole^/blia  Lain.  Encyc. : 
St' idenar tiger  Seideibast,  Ger. 

13.  striata  Trat.     -  691 

D.  Erect.    Leaves  persistent. 
Flowers  in  Racemes. 

14.  Gnidium  L.     -  691 

Thpmel4e^a  /oliis  tini  Bauh. 
Pin.:  Spurge  Flax,  Mountain 
Widow  Wayle :  Daphni  Gni- 
dium,  Lauriole  d  Panicule, 
Fr. ;  Rispenblattriger  Seidei- 
bast, Ger.;  Camelea,  Ital. 

E.  Prostrate.  Leaves  persist' 
ent.  Flowers  terminal,  ag- 
gregate. 

15.  Cneorum  L.  -  691 
Cm  drum  Matth.  Hist,  Clus. 


xl 


CONTENTS. 


HUt. :  Tkymtliedes  Alpes,  Fr.; 
Wohlriechender  Seidelbast^  Ger. 

2  foliis  varicg4tis      692 

3  flore  &lbo  -  692 

II.  Di'rca  L,        -  692 

L«ather-wood.  —  Tkymelte''a 
Gron.  Virg. 

1.  palustris  L.        -  692 
Moor-wood:    Boss  de   Cuir^ 
Boi$  de  Plombt  Fr. ;  SumpfLe- 
derkoiZf  Ger. 

Santalaceae. 

I.  Ny'ss^  L.         -  693 

The  Tupelo  Tree. 

1.  bifiora  Michx,    -  693 

N.  aqu&tiea  Liu.  Sp.  PI.; 
N.  carolhuAna  L.,  N.  integri- 
f^a  Att.  Hort.  Kew.,  N.  pe- 
dUncub't  unifldriM  Gron.  Virg. : 
Mountain  Tupelo  Mart  Mlfi. : 
Gum  Tree,  Sour  Gum  Tree, 
Peperidge,  Amer. 

2.  (b.)  villosa  Mx.  694 

y.  sylff&tica  Michx.  N.  Amer. 
Syl.,  N.  muU(ftdra  VVangenh. 
Amer.,  iV.  montdna  Hort.,  N. 
peddnculis  tin(fli>ris  Gron.  Virg.: 
Soar  Gum  Tree,  Black  Gum, 
Yellow  Gum,  Amer. ;  Haariger 
Tulpelobaum,  Ger. 

3.  (b.)  c^ndicans  M.  694 

The  Ogechee  Lime  Tree.— 
.V.  capUdta  Walt.,  Alt.,  Michx. ; 
N.  coccinea  Bartram  :  Sour 
Tupelo  Tree,  Wild  Lime :  wet**, 
ticker  Tulpelobaum,  Ger. 

4.  (b.)  grandidentata  694 

The  Large  Tupelo  Tree. — 
N,  tomenliisa  ana  N.  angutl- 
xans  Mich.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  N. 
denticuldta  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.,  N. 
angtUbsa  Poir.,  N.  unifldra 
Wangenh.  Amer. :  Wild  OUve, 
Amer. ;  Virainian  Water  Tu- 
pelo, Mart.  Mill. 

II.  OsY  Ris  L.       -  695 

The  Poet's  Casiia.  —  Cd»ia 
Caroer.,  Lob.,  Alpin.,  Gesn. 

].  &lbaZr.      .        .  695 

O.  Jliliia  tinedribu*  ackti* 
Lotfl.  It.,  O.  IrutSscen*  bac- 
eifera  Bauh.  Pin.,  Cd*(a  po- 
itica  Mon$peU6nsium  Cam. 
Epit,  CdMia  Latinbrum  Alp. 
Exot.,  Cdsia  Monspelit  dicta 
Oean.  Epit. :  ueiste  Otyri*, 
Ger. 

T^(jeagnhce€B. 
I.  jEljEa'gnus  Tour,  696 

The  Oleaster,  or  Wild  OUve 
Tree.  —  ChaUf,  Fr. ;  Wilde  Oel- 
baum^  Ger. ;  Eleagno,  Ital. 

1 .  hortensis  Bieb,  -  696 

B.  angu*tifblia  L.,  Willd.  Sp. 
PI.;  E.  Mongdrica  Fisch.,  E. 
inSrmts  Mill.  Diet.,  E.  argin- 
teua  Morach  Moth.,  E  orientdli* 
Delislc,  ?  E.  arghUea  Wat$. 
Dend.  Brit.:  Jerusalem  Wil- 
low :  Olivier  de  Bohtme,  Chalef 
d  FeuUU*  (troiles,  Fr. ;  gckmoL 


blattriger  Oleaster,  Ger. ;   AU 
bero  dtParadiso,  Ital. 

1  angustifolia  Bieb.  697 
E.  angtutifblia  L. 

2  dactyl iformis      -  697 

3  orientalis  .         -.  697 
E.  orientdU*  L. 

4  spinosa      -         .  697 
E.  *pindsa  L. 

2.  argentea  Ph,       .  697 

Missouri  Silver  Tree,  U.  S. 
of  North  America. 

Other  Spea'es  nf  ElttSgnus. — 
E.  talicir.Iia  ?D.Don,  E. 
conftrta  Hort.       -         .097 

II.  jyippo^PHAK  L,  698 

The  Sea  Buckthorn,  or  Sal- 
lowthorn.— AAamnoldrr  Tour. : 
Argoussier,  Fr. ;  HqjgHiom,  or 
Sanddorn,  Ger. ;  Jppc^ae,  Ital. ; 
Espino  amariUo,  Span. 

1.  Rhamnoides  L.  -  698 

Rhamnohdes  flor\fera  sSlici* 
fbb'o  Tourn.  Cor.,  JRManmohle* 
fruchfera  Rail  Syn. :  Argous- 
sier faux  Nerprun,  Fr. ;  Wei- 
denblattriger  Sanddorn,  Ger.; 
Arve,  or  Saule  ipineuz.  In  the 
Alps  of  Switxerland. 

2  angustifolia  LodL  698 

3  sibirica      -         .  699 
H.  sOnriea  Lodd.  Cat. 

2.  falicifblia  D.  Bon  699 
H.  co^/fr/a  Wall,  in  M$S.  of 

the  Catal.  of  the  Linn.  Soc. 
Indian  Herb.,  Royle's  Illust. 

III.  SHEPHE^RDJii  ?7iat. 
HippdpAae  L. 

1.  argentea  NutL    -  700 

HippSpbae  argfntea  Pursh 
Sent:  Missouri  Silver  LeeJ, 
and  Bifffhlo  Berry  Tree,  Amer. ; 
Ral^it  Berry,  and  Betf  Suet 
Tree,  Amer.  Indians;  Graise 
de  Btuffle,  or  Buffalo  Fat,  French 
traders. 

2.  canadensis  Nvtt,   700 

HippSpbae  canadensis  Lin. 
Sp.  PI,  Wllld.  Sp,  PI.,  Pursh 
Sept. 

Aristolockiaceie. 

I.  i^RISTOLO'CHIA  L.701 

The  Blnh^ort—Aristolocke, 
Fr. ;  Osterluxey,  Ger. 

1.  sJpho  V  Merit,    -  701 

K .  macropk^Ua  Ijam.  Encyc. : 
Aristoloche  Syphon,  Tt.  ;  gross- 
bGUtrige  Oslerluxey,  Ger. ;  Pipe 
Vine,  or  Birthwort,  Amer. ;  S^fo 
and  Pipa,  Ital. 

2  (s.)  tomentosa  S.  702 

EujoAoriiaceas. 

I.  STiLLi'NGwGard.702 

I.  /igustrina  Willd.  -  702 

II.  ^'xus  L.       -  703 

The  Box  Tree.  —  Bmi*,  Fr. : 


Buxbaum,  Bucktbaum,  Ger.  ; 
Bossol*,  lul. 

1.  serapervirens  L.     703 

Blln«  Rail  Syn. :  Bui*  com- 
mun,  2ois  bMi,  Fr.;  Backs' 
bourn,  *er.:  Bossolo,  Ital. 

1  arior^cens  MUL   703 
Bu4  arborescent,  Fr. 
HoAstammige        Buckg- 

batm,  Ger. 
Subtars.—Tg6nte».  Hort., 
adea  Hort.,  marginlta 
Hcft.      -       -       -  703 

2  angutifolia  MUL  703 
StiAtrrtv— rariegita  ^.  703 

3  suff'ruicosa  MUL    704 
B.  hUmks  Dod.  Pempt. 
B.  s.  nd\a  N.  Du  Ham. 
Buis  »<%,   ififif  a  .5^. 

dures,  Buis     d^Artois, 
Buis    iHollande,   petit 
Buis.  F. 
Zwerch  Bichsbaum,  Ger. 

4  myrtifolu  Lam.     704 

2.  bale6rica  Kj/Zi/.  .  704 

B.  *.  rar.  ^ifn/ea  N.  Du 
Ham. :  Minorca  %» :  Bui*  de 
Minorque,  Buis  dMakon,  Fr.  ; 
BaleariscAer  BucMtaum,  Ger. ; 
Bossolo  gentile,  lU, 

Ariocdrpts, 
I.  ilfo'RUs  Toun.  -  705 

The  Mulberry  Tr^.  —  MM- 
Her,  Fr.;  Jtfau^^,  Ger.  5 
Moro,  Ital. 

1.  nigra  Poir.     -  -  706 

The    common    Mulhrrr 

Hdritf  Dod.  Pempt.,  Mlft^ctvt 
nigro  Bauh.  Pin, 

2  laciniaU  Mill.  D.  76 

2.  dlba  L.       -         -  7C 
M.    Candida    Dod.   Pempt 

M.  jyCctu  &tho  Bauh.  Pin. ;  M 
albafructu  minori  albo  insiUso 
Du  Ham.  Arb. 

2  mu1tica61is  Per.  707 

M.  tatdrica  Desf. 

M.  6«/U/a  Ralbis. 

Chinese  Black  Mulbirrrv. 

Perrottet  Mulberru. 

Many-staUccd  Mulberru. 

MUrier  Perrottet,  Mi- 
rier d  Tiees  nom^ 
breuses,  MUrier  drs 
Philippines,  Fr. 

Morodeue  FHippine,\tn\. 

3  Moretti(iiMi  Hor.  707 
Dandolo's  Mulherrj. 

4  macrophylla  L.    707 
M.  « la/ifb/ia  Hort. 

M.  hispanica  Hort. 
MUrier  d'Espagne, 
Feuilie  d'Espagne,  Ft. 

5  romana  Z,od.  C.   707 
M. «.  ovaltfblia. 
MArier  remain,  Fr. 

6  nervosa  Zotf.  C.  707 
M.  nervdsa  Bon  Jard. 
M.  subalba  nervbsa  Hor. 

7  italica  .florZ.      -  708 
M.  itt'dica  Lod.  Cat.  1836. 

8  rosea  Hort.  -    -   708 
Small  white  Mulberry. 
MArierrose,  Feuilie  rosA 

Fr 


CONTENTS. 


xli 


9  eolambosn  L.  -  708 
Cofa0iaa,Fr. 

10  membranacea  L.  706 
M^ier  i  FeuOlede  Pmr- 

ckfmm,rT. 

1 1  sinensis  Bart.  -  708 
M.  smimsiM  Bott, 

H.  dkmfmsiM  Lod.  Cat 
TV  dmesr  Mmiberrjf. 

IS  pumik  iVou.  ?  -  708 
M.  «.  aA«a  Hodt.  Brit. 

Odktr  Vmrittia      -       -  708 


3.  (a.)  tat^rica  PoA  709 

4.  rubra  L.    -        -  709 

M .  vtrgirnkm  Pink.  Aim.,   M. 
^eMuyMwcflNoto.  Arb.  Fruit. 
Sscilxa        .  .   710 

M.  tedira  WQkL.  Natt. 
M-coMtfnmPbir. 


IL  BaocssoNE'T/^Vent. 

Mdfwf  Sr&a  K^m0^  Lim.  ; 
Pap^yrw  Bncyc  Bot..  Laid.  III. 
Gen. 

I.  papjrlfefa  Vent.  -  710 

TiMt  Paper  Mulberry Md- 

rm$  fofgriffra  Lin.  Sp.  PI. 
2  eacaUata  -         -  710 
B.  emadUta  Boa  Jard. 
&  ttmhtlfifa  Hart,  Brit. 
^.  nwifrMMrii  Lodd.  Cat. 

Sfriicta41bo  -  711 

IILMACLU^iLiNutt.711 

T6*Sfio»  Bafinfque  in  1837. 
I.  aiirantiaca  Nutt.    711 

The  Onge  Orange.  —  Bowm 
tntiy  Ydtew-vood^  N.  Amer. 

IV.  Fleers  Tntm.  -  712 

Tbe  Rg  Tree.  ^Pigmier,  Ft.  ; 
Fe^gemdawm,  Ger. ;  Fieo,  Ital. 

I.  C4rica  L.    -      -  712 

F.  eocntftiMf  Banh.  Pin.,  F. 
k^aub*  and  F.  »gie6airi$  Tonm. 


lust.:   Fh 


nigrmbamn,  Ger. 


Fr. 


-712 


V.  Bo^RT^  W.       -  713 

JdiHt  Xichx.  FL  Bor.  Am., 


I.  /igustrina  W.      -  713 

J^iia  lu;fbirnM  Mkbx.  Fl. 
Bor.AaL.,  BigeliMA  Mgvatrhha 
Snith  in  Bees's  Cyclop.  Add. 

2«(?/L)  acuminata  -  714 

A^Sa  acummita  Mx.  Fl. 
3ar.Aaer..,BigaMa.  acuminata 
Smith  in  Bees'*  Cjdop.  Add. 

3.  (/.)  pomlosa  W.  -  714 
JdcUa  ptmOdta  Mx.  Fl.  Bor. 
Aawr.,  Aigriieia  porulUa 
SsBitfa  fai  Bces'i  Cyclop.  Add. 
?  B.imdta  Lodd.  Cat.  Ifl9& 

\]bndce(B 
L  C^LMus  L.        .  715 

The  Ebn.  — Oravr,  Fr.;  tJIm, 
flr  AAftr,  Ger. ;  OImo.  ItaL 


1.  campestris  Zr.  -    715 

ir/anw  AlimVi  Pliny  Nat. 
Hist.;  U.  fHunor^JoUo  ane^uto 
tcoArOt  Gar.  Emac. :  Oknopg- 
ramidalet  Fr. 

Varieties. 

A.  rrmter  7Vf«f. 

1  ▼ulgaris     -         -716 
U.  camp€9tri9  Hort.Diur. 

2  latifotia /Torf.     -  716 

3  41ba  Matten       -  716 

4  acutifolia  MaUers  716 

5  stricta  ^orf.  Dar.  716 
The  red  English  Elm. 

6  vlrens  Hort.  Bur.   7 1 6 
n«  Kidbrook  Elm. 

7  oomubi^Dsis  Hori.  716 
U.  strieia,  Lindl.,  Led. 
Tke  Cornish  Elm. 

8  8ami6nsis  -  716 
U.  samiinsis  Lodd.  Cat. 
The  Jersey  Elm. 

9  tortuosa    -         -  716 
V.  tortubsa  Lod.  Cat. 

r  Orme  tortUlard,  Fr. 
visied  Elm. 

B.  Omameutal  or  ewrious. 

10  foliia  rariegatis    -716 

11  6etul«ef6Ita  -  717 
U.  teiuLeJdlia  Lod.  Cat. 

12Timinali8  H.  D.  -  717 

U.  viminilis  Lodd.  Cat. 
IS  parviiolU  -     717 

U.  parvffbUa  Jac.  Scboen. 
U.  micfoph^UaVm. 
U.  pkmila  var.Bitransbdi- 

caUnsis)  Pall.  Ron. 
U.  pkmila  Vf\M.  8p.  PI. 
U.  piamla  Jbliis   parvfs^ 

Ac. 
(7.  hinnilis  Enum .  Stlrp. 

Ruth. 

14  planifolia         -      717 
U.  planifhUa  Hort. 

15  chin^Dsis  -     717 
U.  chinimis  Pers. 
ThidcCAbU    GalloiSi 

Orme  naim,  Fr. 

16  eucull^  Hort.      717 

17  concaTsfoiia  H.  71 7 
IS  foiiis  Adreis  Hort.  717 
19  nhiSi  Hort.  -  717 
OlArr  Varieties      -        -    717 

2.  (c.)  suberdsa  ilf.  718 

U.  eamp6stris  Woodr.  Med. 
Bot. ;  U.  camptstris  and  Theo' 
pkrdstL  Dm  Ham.  Arb.,  U.  vtU. 

fatissima,fiUio  lato  scabra  Ger. 
;mac. ;  V.montana  Cam.Eplt.: 
common  Elm  Tree^    Hunter's 
ETel.SyL:  POrme  Liige^rOrme 
fmgewe.Fr.^ 

1  vulgaris     -         -  718 
U.  suberdsa  Hort.  Dur. 
!ne   Dutch    cork'barked 

Elm. 

2  foliis  variegitis      718 
U.  suberdsa  variegdta  Ht. 

Dur. 
S&lba  -  -  719 

U.  saberbsa  6lba  Masters. 
^erkctA  Lodd.  Cat.  712 
5  The  broad-lyd  Hert- 

fords.  Elm,  ffood  71 9 


6  The  narrow  .Ivd  Hert- 
fords.£lm,  tVoodliO 

3.  (c.)m£ljor  Smith    719 

U.  hottSndiea  Mill.  Diet. ;  U. 
mqfor  hoUdndica,  Ac,  Pluli. 
.\lm.:  U.  m^for,  ampliore  /olio, 
Ac,  Du  Ham.  Arb.;  Tilia  mas 
Matth.  Valgr<^  V'Unus  tatijblia 
Micbx.  N.  Amer.  Syl. 

4.  effusa  WiUd.     .719 

U.  ciUdta  Ehrh.  Arb,  V.pe- 
duneuidta  Lam.  Diet.,  U.  oc- 
tdndra  Schk.  Bot.  Handb.;  U. 
/bUolatissimOtSfe.y  Buxb.  Hal.; 
U.  kdvis  Pal.  Ross. :  rOrme 
pSdoncuKf  Fr. 

5.  montana  Baith.  -  720 

The  Scotch  or Wych  Elm U. 

gUtbra  Huds.,  U.  ^ksa  Slbth.. 
U.  scdbra  Mill.  Diet.,  U  nUda 
Ehrh.,  U.  c»m/)^s<n'«  WUld.  Sp. 
PI.,  U.  campistris  lat^fbtialloTt 
Par.:  IVpchHaxel  of  old  authors. 

Varieties. 

A.  T^m&er  TVmv. 

1  vulg^ru       -        -  720 

2  rugosa  Masters      720 
U.  rt^dM  Lodd.  Cat 

3  major  Masters    -  720 

4  minor  Masters    -  720 

5  cebenn^nsis  /Torf.  720 
The  Cevetmes  Elm. 

6  nigra        -         -     720 
U.  n)4[,ra  Lodd.  Cat. 

The  black  Irish  Elm. 

7  australis  Hort.   -  720 

B.  Ornamental  or  curious. 

8  pendula    -         -  721 
U.  p€ndMla  Lodd.  Cat. 

U  .hldbra  decHmbensHort. 

Dur. 
U.  horixoniiUis  Hort. 
U.  rdAra  Hort.  Soc.  Card. 

9  fastigiaU  Hort.      721 

V.gldbra  replieita  Hort. 

Dur. 
U.  F&rdii  Hort. 
V.  exoniensis  Hort. 
Exeter  Elm^  Ford'sElm. 
10  crispa      -  -  721 

?U.  crispa   Willd. 
rA«  curled-leaved  Elm. 

Other  Varieties    .        -721 

6.  (m.)  glabra  Mill.  722 

U.  montdna  jS  Fl.  Br.,  U. 
/blio  gldbro  Ger.  Emac.,  U. 
camwstris  var.  3.  With. :  the 
/eatkered  Ebn. 

Varieties. 

A.  Timber  Trees. 

1  yulg^ris  -  723 

The  common  smooth-leaved 
jEitm. 

2  v^geta        -         -  723 
U.  montdna  vigeta  Hort. 

Soc.  Gard. 
U.  americdna    Masters. 
The  Huntingdon  Elm,  the 
Chichester  Elm,  the  Ame- 
rican Elm,  andperhaps 
*    the  Scampston  Ebn. 

S  var.         -  -  723 

The  Scampston  Elm. 


xlii 


CONTENTS. 


4  major         •         -  723 

U.  glAbra  mi^^   Hort. 

Dur. 
The  Canterbury  Seedling. 

5  glandulosa  LindL  723 

6  latifolia  Lindl.    -  723 

7  microphylla  Hart,  723 
U.  g.  parv{fbUa. 

B.  Ornamental  or  curiour. 

8  p^ndula  -  -  723 
U.  campistnspM.  Hort. 
The  Downttm  Elm. 

9  variegata  Hori.    723 
10  ramulosa  Booth  723 

7.  dlba  Kit.    -        -  723 

8.  americana  L.      -  723 

The  white  Elm,  Ain«r. :  the 
Canadian  Elm,  the  American 
white  Elm. 

1  rubra  Ait.  H.  K.  724 

2  ilba  Ait.  Hort.  K.  724 
?  U.  moUifdlia  B.  &  S. 

3  p^ndiila  PHr«A  ^9.  724 

4  incisa  ^ort.         -  724 

5  foliis  variegatu  ^T.  724 

9.  (a.)  fulva  Mit^.  724 

The  slippery  Elm — U.  riAra 
Mx.  Arbt :  OrmegraM,  Fr. :  red 
Elm,  red-wooded  Elm,  Moote 
Elm. 

10  alata  Mx.  -        -  725 

U.  pUmila  Walt.  Fl.  Carol. : 
the  Wahoo  of  the  North  Ame. 
rican  Indians. 

II.  Pla'ner^  Gmel.  723 

"Rhdmnus  Pall.,  Guldenst. ; 
Vlmus  various  authors,  as  to 
the  Pldnera.  Richdrdl. 

1.  Richardt  Mx.     -  726 
The  Zelkoua  Tree.  —  P.  ere- 

ndta  Mx.  Mem.  sur  le  Zirfkoua, 
P.  earpinifbUa  WaU.  Dend. 
Brit.,  P.  crendta  Desf.,  RAam- 
nuicarpinijdlius  Pall.  FI.Ross., 
R.  ulmSideg  Guldens.  It.,  V'l- 
mui  crendta  Hort. "  Par.,  U. 
parvifUia  Wtlld.  Baum.,  U. 
eamnistris  Walt.  Fl.  Car.,  U. 
wUggama  Richard  Act.  Paris, 
U.  nemordb's  Alt.  Hort.  Kew. ; 
(J.  fdUis  creniUis  hdsi  tequSii' 
btu,  fructu  ovoideo  nan  com- 
preuo,  Pofrec  Encfc.  Meth.: 
le  ZelMoum,  or  Orme  de  Siberie, 
Fr. ;  ROhard't  Palnere,  Ger. 

2.  Gm^Iini  Mx.      -  726 

P.  vJmifblia  Mx.  Arb.  Amer., 
P.  aqttdtica  Willd.  Sp.  PI., 
AnSnvmiu  aquSHctu  arbor,  &c 
Walt.  Carol. 

III.  Ce'ltis  Toum.  727 

The  Nettle  Tree Lbtus  of 

Lobel  and  other  authors :  Mi* 
cocoulier,  Fr.  ;  ZUngelbaum, 
Get. ;  Celto,  Ital. 

1.  australis  L.  -      -  727 

Uitus  arbor  Lob.  Ic,  "Lbtus 
five  dUia  Cam.  Epit.  :  Lote 
Tree:  Micocoulier  austral.  Mi. 
eocoulier  de  Provence,  Pabre- 
tuulier,  Fabrecoulier  dee  Pro- 


venfoug  (N.  Du  Ham.),  Fr.; 
Aretdiawlo,  Ital. 

Variety  -       -       -       -728 

2.  (B.)  caucasica  W,  728 

3.  Tournefortii  Lam.  728 

C.  orientdlit  manor,  folii*  mi- 
noribut  et  cratsioribus,  fructu 
Jlavo,  Toum.  Cor. ;  C.  orten* 
tdlia  Mill.  Diet.,  but.  according 
to  N.  Du  Ham.,  not  of  Lin. : 
Micocoulier  du  Levant.  Mtco- 
cou/ier  d'Ortent,  Fr. ;  Morgen- 
fondiseher  ZUngelbaum,  Ger. 

4.  (T.)  sinensis  Pers.729 

5.  Willdenovtfl;wx  S.  729 

C.  MinSnais  WlLld.  Enu.  Sup., 
WUld.  Baum. 

6.  occidentalis  L.  -  729 
The  North  American  Nettle 

Tree.  —  C.  frdctu  obscUro  pur- 
purascente  Toum.  Inst.,  C. 
obliqua  Moench :  Nettle  Tree, 
Sugar  Berry.  Amer. ;  Bois  in- 
eonnu,  Illinois ;  Micocoulier  de 
Virginie,  Tt.  ' 

2cordata  WiM.     .  729 

3  scabriiiscula  WUld.  729 

C.  austrdiis  WlUd.  Arb. 

C.  fo.fi  tenuifblia  Pers. 

C.  atvfra  Lodd.  Cat. 

C.  ortentdlia  Hort. 

7.  crassifolia  Lam.  -  730 

The  Hackbernr.  —  C.  cordi- 

fbtia  L'Herit.    Hort.   Par..  C. 

corddta  Desfont. :  Htwberry,  or 

Hoop  Ash,  Amer. ;  Micocoulier 

d  Feuilles  en  Corur,  Fr. 

8.  Isbvig^ta  WiUd.   -  730 

9.  piimila  Ph.  -      -  731 

Other  Species  qf  CUtis.—C.  ori- 
entalb  L.     -  .  731 


Jt£glandiU:ea. 

I.  Ju^GLANS  L.      -  732 

The  Walnut  Tr«e Noyer, 

Fr. ;  IValnuss,  Ger. ;  Noce,  ItaL 

1.  regia  L.     -        -  732 

"Six  J^lant  Dod.  Pempt. ; 
N^  J^lant.  seu  regia  vtUgd- 
ris,  Bauh.  Pin.  :  Nouer  com- 
mtm,  Fr. ;  Noseguier,  Provence; 
gemeine  IValnuss,  Ger. 

2  milxinia     -         -  733 
N<lr  Jkglans  Mictu  max- 

imo  Bauh.  Pin. 
Voix  de  Jauge,  Bon  Jard. 
Claumut  in   Kent ;  Ban' 

nut  in  Warwickshire. 

3  tenera        -         -  733 
VOz  J^lmuftrtclu  t6nero 

et  Jrdftile  putamine 
Bauh.  Pin. 

Nayer  d  Coque  tcndre, 
Noyer  Misange  Bon 
Jard.  1.  a  ;  Noyer  de 
Mars  in  Dauphine. 

The  thin-shelled,  or  7Y/. 
mouse,  l^'atnut. 

4  8er6tina  Desf.     -  733 

Kti«  J^lansfHctu  ser6- 

tino  Bauh.  Fin. 
Koyer  tardtf,  Noyer  de  la 

Saint  Jean,  Bon    Jard. 

1B36,  Noyer  de  Mai  in 

Dauphine. 


5  lacinUta    -        -  733 
Nlix  JfiMfanw  f^Kia  taei. 

w'dtis  Keneaulm. 
Jkglans  heterophil  Ht. 
J^ilicifblia  Lodd.  Cat. 
The    Fern-leaved  H'aitnit 

Tree. 

Other  Farieties      -       .  733 

2.  nigra  L.  -  734 

Theblach  fValmU,  the  Hack 
Hickonf  Nut,  N.  Amer. ;  Nvyer 
noir,  Fr.  ;  Noce  nera,  Ital. 

Varieties         ...  738 

3.  cinerea  L.     -    •  735 

The  Butter-nut.  —  J.  cathdr. 
tica  N.  Amer.  StL,  J.  oblSnga 
Mill.  Diet. :  Oil-nut,  White  HW. 
ftsf^,  Amer.  ;  Noyer  eendrS, 
Fr. ;  graue  IValnuss,  Ger. 

II.  Ca^rya  NuU.  -  735 
The  Hickory  Tree.— Jkglans 
sp.  Lin.,  Wind..  Michx. ;  Ric5- 
rius  Hqfinesque :  Hickory 
Amer. 

1.  oliva!f6rmis  Nuti.  736 
The  Pacane-nut  Hickory 

Jkglans  rkbra  Gaertn.  Sem. ; 
J.  eylindrica  Lam.  Encrci.,  N. 
Du  Ham.;  J.  Ptean  MuhJenb. ; 
J.  angust^blia  Alt.  Hort.  Kew.; 
J.  ottve^f6rmit  Mx.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer.  :  Pecan^nut,  I/UnoiS' 
luU,  Amer. ;  Picanier,  Pacanwu, 
Noyer  Picanier,  Fr. 

2.  am&ra  Nutt.       -  737 

Jkglans  amdra  Mx.  Arb.: 
Bitter-nut,  fVhite  Hickory^ 
Swamp  Hickory,  Amer. 

3.  aquatica  Nutl.   -  737 
The  Water  Bitter-nut  Hick- 
ory. —  J  nylons  aqu  tica  Mx. 

4.  tomentosa  Nutt.  738 
The    Mocker«nut    Hickory. 

—  Jkglans  alba  Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  J. 
d/te  Mill.  Diet.,  J.  tomentdta 
Mx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.:  IVhite- 
heart  Hickory,  commonHickory, 
Amer. ;  Noyer  dur,  Illinois. 
2  mixima  NuU.     -  739 

5.  61ba  Nutt.  -  739 

The  Shell-bark  Hickorr. — 
Jkglans  alba  Mx.  Fl.  'Bor. 
Amer.,  J.  alba  ovdta  Marsh. 
Arb.,  J.  squambsa  Hx.  Arb., 
J.  compressa  Gsertn.  Sena. : 
Shag-bark  Hickory,  Scaly-bark 
Hickory,  Kiaky  Thomas  Nut, 
Amer.  j  Noyer  tendre,  IlUnoia. 

6.  sulcata  Nutt.     -  739 

Jkglans  lacinibsa  Mx.  Arb., 
J.  mucroniUa  Mx.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer..  J.  sulciUa  WiUd.  Arb.  : 
thick  Shea-bark  Hickory, 
Svringfieild  Nut,  Gloueetter 
Nut,  Amer. 

7.  porclna  Nnit.    -  740 

Jkglans  por^na  »  obcorddia 

Mx.  Arb. ;  J.  porofus  var.  witA 

fruit    round,     and    somewhat 

rough,  Mx.  N.  Amer.  Sylv. ;  J. 

obcorttdta  Mlihlenb. :  Pig-nut, 

Hog-nut,  Broom  Hickory. 

2  glabra        -         -  741 

Jkglans    pordna  fi    fict". 

Jormis  Mx.  Arb. 
J.  gldbra  MiiUi. 


CONTENTS. 


xliii 


8.  myristiccioniiisiyr.  74 1 

Tbe  Notmcs  Hickory.— Jil- 
^tet  vtgrutioi^firmi$  aichx. 
Sib. 

9.  microcarpa  Nutt.  742 

other  Speda  qf  C^ryo.— C. 
aafaltua  {Jimtmu  tmbigma 
Vz.).  C.  puMKCu  Aiwk.  C 
rtfifU  ( J.  rwMto  Lodd.  Cat.). 


ebflitt 


Hi- 


nL  Ptksoca^rt  A  Kunth 

J^lamt  tp,  LtaL 

].  caursstca  Ktadh    743 


JftWMt  Pieroe^rvm  Miehx. 
tl.  Bor.  Amer,    Mer.   V 
Ptanx.  Cwic  ;  AM*  oAfcii 


Ver». 


Bfeta.  F1.  Tanr.  Cauc ;  J.  frox- 
fa^/Me  Umood  MS.,  N.  Du 
Ham. ;  YraximmUt^iia  Hort. 
Par. 

L  54  Lix  i.  -        -  744 

Tte  WiDow Harab.  He- 

bfcv ;  Am,  Gr.  ;  Sahx,  Latin  ; 
SoaJ^,  Fr. ;  Weide  and  Fdber^ 
Gcr. ;  SaANOb,  Ital.  ;  Sator, 
Spaa.;  ffrtfr.  Swed.;  WOge, 
FlCB.;  9'iU^,  Ani^Sax. ; 
ITfibv,  fTtf Ay,  Saiiov,  Osier, 
EngUih ;  Sawigk^  Scotch. 

Gfoup  L  PuTjntr&B  Koch. 

Oder  Wfllovtt,  with  one  Stamen 
Jn  a  Flower. 

1.  purpurea  Zr.        -  746 

S.  purvirea  Koch.  Comm. 

-       -  747 

-  747 

The  Roae  Willow.—  S.  fmr- 
pikrra  var.  Koch  Comm.,  ?  S* 
Host  Sal.  Aostr. 


2.  helix  L. 


S.  Lambertioiia  Sm.  747 

Tbc  BoTton  Willow. —S. 
fWTfkrea  ^  iwoefa  Comm. 

4.  Woolgarioiia  Bor.  747 

S.  wtomamdra  Sal.  Wob.  No. 
4.,  8.  flMo&Mlrtf  MW.  HoflVn. 
HmC  SaL 

5.  Forbyom  Smith    748 
The  ftae   Basket   Osier.— 

5.  fma  lAn.  Sot.  Trans.,  not 
ef  Hoc  (SMtU.)  ;  S.  rUbra  fi 
Sodi  Cnwnn. 

6.  rubra  Hudt,        -  746 
&.Mmeiris  Walker's  Estaya. 

Groop  iL  jieuUfilixB  Bor. 

[SfM.  Pndndsae  Kock,) 

mOowt  with  dark  Bark,  co- 
vered with  a  fine  Bloom. 

7.  amdfblia  Wiild.  -  748 

S.  rioUeea  Andr.  Bot.  Rep., 
bK  not  of  Wnid..  nor  the  S. 
td^demWartiWaid.) 

6.  (Japhnoidea  Viiktrs  749 

t.mrm*cu  Hoppe  In  Stnnn 
D.  n,  8.  higimiiuM  HoAn. 
Gcna.,  8.  em^ea   Hoat  Sol. 


9.  pomeranica  WUld.  749 

S.  iapknifide*  Villars,  vor. 
tPt'M  narrover  ieaves,  amd  more 
si^nder  calkuu,  Koch  Comm. 

Group,  iii.  TWaiciJriB  Bor. 
(Syis.  ^mygdiUnae  Koek.) 

10.  undulata  ICoch     749 

S.  IkMCMiola  Smith. 

2  uaduUta  JV>r6ef     751 

S  lanoeoUu  Swt,       751 

4  Tar.    having     catkins 

androgynous      -  751 

1 1.  Aippophaefoliar.  751 

12.  triandral/.       -  751 

S.  Bm^daifna,  pari  qf,  Koch 
Comm. 

2  ^Uica        -         -  752 

3  Hoppe^na  •        -  752 
S.  andr6g]fna  Hoppe. 

4  i^.  triindra  unduUta 
Mertena,  ined.  —  Ap- 
proaches to  S.  amjfjf- 
dalincu 

13.  Hoflfmanntana  S.752 

S.  triandra  Hoffl,  and  ?of 
German  botanists  in  general. 

14.  amygd&lina  L.     752 
S.  •mjfgddUiMt  m  part,  Koch 

Comm. 

15.  Vmarstaffn  Fiug.752 

S.  triandra  Villars  Delph., 
S.  zm§f§daUna  var.  Koch  Com. 

Group  iy.  Pentdndrm  Bor. 

Treet  haTing  Flowers  with 
3—5  stamens. 

16.  pentandra  L.    -  754 

S.  pentandra,  part  <J,  Koch 
Comm. :  the  Sweet  WiUma,  the 
Ba^-leaved  WiUow. 

2  hermaphroditica    754 

17.  Meyerwim  WUId.  754 

S.  euspOata  Schults,  9.  ttnC' 
ibria  Smith,  S.  pentandra  3 
JUnn.,  8.  hex&ndra  Ehrh.,  S. 
EhrharAixia.  Smith,  S.  tetrandra 
Willd. 

18.  lacida  Milhlenb.  754 
S.  Forfe^sil  Swt.  Sort.  Brit. 

ed.1630. 

Group.  ▼.  Fr6ffiieM  Borrer. 

Trees  with  their  Twigs  brittle 
at  the  Joints. 

19.  babylonica        -  757 
The   Weeping  Willow.  —  S. 

propindem  Sering.  Sal.  Hel., 
U.  orientdiis,  ice.,  Toum. ;  S. 
ar&bica,  ^c.,  C.  Bauh. :  Sauk 
fJettreur,  Parawl  du  grand 
Seigneur,  Fr. ;  Trauer  Weide, 
Thrdnen  h^'eide,  Ger. 

1  vulgirifl  foem.  ff.  758 

2  Napoleona  Hort.  758 

3  crispa  Hort.  -  758 
S.  annuidris  Forb.  in  8.  W. 
The  ringUeaved  WiUovf. 


20.  decfpiens  Hoffni.  758 

The  white  Welsh,  or  Tar- 
nished, Willow — S.  amerma 
Walk.  Essajs  on  Nat  Hist., 
S.JrigHet,  part  <tj[,  Koch  Com. 

21.  montana  Forbe$  759 

22.  fragilis  L.  -       -  759 

The  Crack  Willow.  —S./Va- 
giUe,  in  part,  Koch  Comm. 

23.  monspeliensis  F.  760 

24.  Russelltana  Sm.  760 
The  Duke  of  Bedford's  WU. 

low.  —  ?S.  JragUie  Woodv.: 
the  Dishiey,  or  Leieestertkire, 
WHiow  J  In  some  counties,  the 
Huntingdon  Willow:  S.  pin- 
dula  Ser.,  S.  vtridit  Fries,  S. 
rilhem  Sciirank. 

25.  Purshtana  Bor.  761 

Group  vi.    A'U>a   Borrer. 

Trees  of  the  largest  ^ise,  with 
the  Foliage  whitish. 

26.  ilbalr.     -        -  761 

%.  alba,  part  qf,  Koch  Com.: 
the  HutUmgdon,  or  Swallow- 
tailed,  IViilow. 

2  cseriilea     -         -  761 
S.  alba  var.  Smith.  Fl.  B. 
S.  cariUea  Smith  Eng.B. 
The  upland,  or  red-tinged. 

Willow,  Fontey 
The     Leicetler     Willow, 

Dary's  Agric.  Cbem. 
Blue  Willow,  Smith. 

3  crispa  Hort,         -  76 1 
4r69eaLocU.Oi^     761 

27.  vitellina  L.       -  763 

The  Golden  Osier S.  dlba 

Koch  Comm. 

Group  vii.  Nigrtg, 

Extra-EuropeanKlnds  allied  to 
the  Kinds  of  one  or  all  of  the 
the  three  preceding  Groups. 

28.  nigra  MuhL  -  768 
The  dark.branched  American 

Willow.— S.caro/tn/diMMx.  Fl. 
Bor.  Amer.,  8.  pentandra 
Walt.  Fl.  Car..  S.  vulgdris 
Clayt  Fl.  Vlrg. 

29.  Humboldtiana  -  764 

30.  BonplandtaTui      764 

Group  Till.    FrinUidet  B. 

Shrubs,  moatly  NatiTes  of  N. 
America,  and  used  in  Basket- 
making. 

31.rigidailfttAA    -  764 

32.  jorinoides  Pursh  764 

33.  discolor  Miihi.    764 

34.  angU8tataPur«A    764 

35.  conformis  Forbes  764 

Group  ix.   Griua  Borrer. 

Chiefly  Shruba,  Natives  of  N. 
America. 

36.  Tirfescens  Forhet     765 
S.  Yiippopha^blia  Lodd. 


xliv 


CONTENTS. 


37.  reflexa  Forbes     765 

38.  virffata  Forbes      765 

39.  Lyon»  ?  Schl.      765 

40.  Houstoniana  P.  765 
S.  trlsUs  Lodd.  Cat.  1886. 

M,Mckt2LPursh    -  765 

42.  grisea  Willd,     -  765 

43.  petiolaris  Smith  765 
S.  grisea  Willd.  var.  0  ntb- 

glabrata  Koch  Comm. 

44.  Dennsylv&nica  -P.766 

45.  Muhlenbergiana  766 

46.  trfstis  Ait.         -  766 

47.  cordatail/ttAi;-7i^.766 

Gr.  I.  KotmarinifbiuB  Bor. 

Low    Shrubs,     with   narrow- 
Leases. 

48.  rosmarinifolia  L.  766 

Sal.  tosniarinifblia,  partqf^ 
Koch  Comm. 

49.  anffustif61ia  Borr.766 
S.  arMisctiia  Sm.  Fl.  Br.,  S. 

roimarin(/bU'a  m  Koch  Comm. 

50.  decdmbensForbesldd 
5\Au8cktSL  Pursh  -  766 

Group  xi.   Fu9c<B  Borrer. 
Mostly  procumbent  Shrubs. 

52.  fusca  Ir.  .  767 

S.  repem  Hook.  Fl.  Scot. ;  S. 
repent  Koch,  pari  qf,  Koch 
Comm. 

1  vulgtLris  -  -  767 
S.  /.  far.  •  Hook.  Br.  Fl. 
S.J6tca  Sm.   Eng.  Bot., 

Forbes  iu  Sal.  Wob. 
S.  ripens  Koch, /3  Koch 
Comra. 

2  repens        -         -  767 
S./.  var. /S  Hook.  Br.  Fl. 
S.  ripetu  Lin.  Spec  PI., 

Forbes  in  SaL  Wob. 

3  prostrata  -  767 
S./.  var.  y  Hook.  Br.  Fl. 
S.    prostrtUa    Sm.    Eng. 

Bot..  Forbes  In  S.Wob 

4  foe'tida  -  -  767 
S./.  var.  i  Hook.  Br.  Fl. 
S.  foe'tida  Sm.  Eng.  FL 

5  incubacea  -  767 
S.  /.  6  Hook.  Br.  Fl 
S.  t'ncubdcea  Lin.  Sp.  Pi. 

Forbes  In  Sal.  Wob. 
6arg6ntea     >         -  767 
S./  6  Hook.  Br.  Fl. 
S.  argfntea  Sm.  Eng. Bot. 
Forbes  in  Sal.  Wob. 

53.  Dontana  Smith    768 
7%e  rmty-bramdud  Willow. 

Group  xiL  Ambigute  Bor. 
Shrubs. 

54.  ambigua  Ehrh,    768 
S.  amhigva  Koch,  part  qf, 

Koch  Com. 

1  Tulgiris     -         -  768 
S.  a.  m,  Borrer  in  Eng.  Bot 
Suppl. 


2  m^'or         -         -  768 
S.  a.   fi  m^for  Borrer  in 

Eng.  Bot.    Suppl. 
?  S.  ambiput  filAook. 
S.  ver$\fbUa  Sering. 
SatUes  de  la  Suisse. 

3  spathulata  -  768 
S.  a.  yspathuldta  Borrer 

In  Eng.  Bot.  Suppl. 
S.  ambigua  y   Hook.  Br. 

Fl. 
S.  JTNzMw/dlaWilld.Sp.PI. 

4  unduUta  ...  769 
S.  a.  )  vnduldta  Borr.  in 

Eng.  Bot 
S.  tpathuUta  Willd.  var. 
undul^ta  Mertens. 

55.  finmarchica  IV.  769 

56.  versicolor  F.   -  769 

57.  alatemoides  F.  769 

58.  protetsfoHa  Sch.  769 
Erroneously  referred  to  S. 

ambigua  in  Hook.  Brit.  Flor. 
ed.  2.  (Borrer  MSS.) 

Gr.  xiii.     Betieulita  Bor. 

Leases   reticulated  and  coria- 
ceous. 

59.  reticulata  L.    -  769 

Group  xiv.    Glauca  Bor. 

Small,  upriffht,  with  soft  silky 
Leases. 

60.  eleeagnoides  iScA.  770 

61.  glauca/y.         -  770 
S.  appentUculdta   Fl.  Dan., 

WUld.  Sp.  PL 

62.  serlcea  VUlars     110 
S.  glatica  Koch  Comm. 

63.  Lapp^Dum  L.     770 

S.  arenAria  Fl.  Dan. 

64.  obtusifolia^Ff7W.77J 

65.  arenarial/.      -  771 

66.  obovata  Pursh     111 
6f .  canescens  IVil/d.  Ill 

68.  Stuart?fl«a  Sm.   771 

69.  pyren^ica  Gou.   Ill 

70.  WaIdsteinwnflW.771 


Gr.  XV.    Vimindles  Bor. 

Willows  and  Osiers.  —  Mostly 
Trees  or  large  Shrubs,  with 
long  pliant  Branches,  used 
for  Basket-making. 

71.  subalpina  F,    -  771 

72.  Candida  JViiid.     Ill 

73.  incana  Schr.    -  771 

S.  rfpdria  Willd.  Sp.  PI.,  S. 
\avandulajbiia  Lapeyr.  Ab.,  S. 
angustifblia  Poir.  in  Du  Ham. 
Arb.,  S.  Tosmarinifblia  Gouan 
Hort,  S.  vimin^s  VilL  Delph. 

74.  linearis  Forbes    112 
?  S.  htcdna  var.  linedris  Bor- 
rer in  a  Letter. 

75.  viminalis  L.     -  772 
The  common  Osier—  S.  ton- 

g^bUa  Lam.  FL  Fr. 


76.  stipulkris  5^jni/;&    773 
The  auricled-leaTod  Osier. 

77.  SmithwHfl Willd.  772 

78.  molMssima  JB^r.  772 

79.  holoserlcea  Hk.  772 

80.  MichelianffForb.  772 

81.  ferruglnea  And.  773 

82.  acuminata  Sm.  773 
The  large-leaved  Sallow 

S.  lanceotdta  Seringe. 

Group  xvi.    Cinerea  Bor. 

Sallows.  —  Trees  and  Shrub*, 
with  roundish  shaggy  Leasee, 
and  thick  Catkins. 

83.  pdllida  Forbes     773 
44.  Willdenovwna     773 

85.  Ponteder^na  W.  773 

S.  pimila  tUp'ma  nigricans^ 
folio  oleagino  serrato   Ponted. 
Comp. ;  S.  PoniedirK  Bellardi 
App.  ad  Fl.  Fed. 

86.  macrostipulkcea  77.3 

87.  incanescens  ^Sc.  773 

88.  pannosa /br^ex   773 

89.  mutabilisFor6ff776 

90.  cinerea  L.  -  776 
The  grey  Sallow.— S.  chterea 

var.  Koch  Coram. 

91.  aquatica  Smith    776 

92.  oleifolia  Smith  -  776 

93.  geminataFori.  -  776 

94.  crispa  Forbes  -  776 

95.  aurita  L.  -  776 

96.  latifolia  Forbes    776 

97.  caprea  L.    -    -  776 

The  great  round-leaved  Sal^ 
lowt  common  Black  Sallote, 
Saugh    in     Yorkshire,     Grew 

98.  sphacelata  Sm.    777 

Gr.  xvii.   Nigrieantes  B. 

Shrubs  with  long  Branches,  or 
small  Trees.  Mostly  Sallows. 

99.  australis  Forbes  778 

100.  vaudensis  For.  778 

101.  ffrisophvlla  F.   778 

102.  lacustris  Forb.  11% 

103.  crassifdlia  Frb.  778 

104.  cotinifolia  Sm.  778 
The   Quince-leased   Sallow. 

—  S.  spodicea  Villars  Dauph., 
S.  pksflicifbliavar.  Koch  Comm.    ^ 

105.  hfrta  Smith     -  778  ? 
S.picla  Schleicher  is  the  fein. 

of  S.  hirta  (Forbes  in  SaL  Wob.) 

106.  rivularis  Forb.  778 

107.  atropurpiirea     778 

108.  coriicea  Forb.  778 

109.  nigricans  5wiiM  778 

S.  pkylicifblia  fi  Lin.  Sp  Pl. 

110.  Andersonidna    779 
The  Green  MounUin  Sallow. 


CONTENTS. 


xlv 


—  S. 


111.  damascena  F.   779 

S.  damasctm^fiaa  AadenoD'i 
MSS^  S.  pt^lieifititt  Lin. 

112.  Ansoniana  F.    779 

113.  heiyetica  i^of^.  779 

114.  finna  For6«     779 

115.  carpinifolia&4. 779 

116.  rotundata  Frb,  779 

?  &.  raUmdOdHa  BoaL 


117.  dunFor^       779 

118.  Fomer»ziuzSm.779 

S.    p/^Ue^i^tia    «ar.     Koch 


119.  rup^trisi>(»in  781 

120.  tenutfolia  X.      781 

S.  mUtaila  Wahlenb.,  par. 
Kocfa  Comm..  S.  temmffiMa  of 
Ea;.  Bot.  U  S.  Hcolor  Ho^. 
BricFl 

121.  propfoqua^or.  781 

WtUow. 


122.  petne^a  Ander.  781 

123.  Ammanntonff     782 

124.  atrovireDsFrft.  782 

125.  strepida  Jord.   782 

126.  sdrdida  Forbes  782 

127.  Schleicfaenana  782 

128.  grisoDensis  F.   782 

Gr.  rriiL    Bieoidre»  Bor. 

Biahy   Shrafac,    with    licaTes 
gnat  ibove    nod  giancoiu 

129.  tenuior  Borrer  782 

130.  loxiAbn  Borrer  782 

131.  /aurina  5miM     783 
The  ihiQing  dsrfc-green  Wil- 

lov.— S.  Ueotor  Sm.  Eng.  Boc., 
S.  mritaemla  Wahlenb.,  9ar. 
KodiCoQun. 

132.  patens  Forbes   783 

133.  radkraos  Smith  783 
S.  Tfiffiieifiiia  Lin.  FL  Lapp. 

134.  BorrerianaSm.783 
The  dark  ipr^kt  WtOaio. 

135.  Davalliana  Sm.  783 

136.  t^rapla  SiMi   783 

137.  raiDifuscaFord.783 

138.  Forbesiona  -    783 

139.  Weigeliaaa  Bor.  783 

140.  nitens  Anders.    784 

141.  Croweona  Smith784 
S.  arMwsAi  'Wahlenb.,  var. 

Kodi  CoBBm.;  S.  lAmSit  SchL 
i*  cited  In  Sal.  Wob.  ai  the  fern. 
tiS.CTWPfhuL  Smiths  ?S.Ar- 
ferspfl^HofiC. 

142.  bfcolor  J?ArA.     764 

S.  iemmijoiia  Smith  Eng.  Bot. 
•ilo  the  figure  S.  fiorOftnda 
Faih. 


143.  phillyreifolia  J9. 784 

144.  DicksoiitaiiaSm.785 

Gr.  xix.  Vaoeimty32uB  Bor. 

Small  and   generally  procom. 
bent  Shrubs. 

145.  vacciniifolia  W.  785 
S.  prwH/UUa,  port  4^.  Koch 

Conam. 

146.  carinata  SmtA    785 
147./}runif61iai$mt/A  785 

148.  Teoulosa  Smth  785 

149.  cse'sia  TtiZarv  785 
S.  mgriOmAa  Wllld.Sp.  PU 

S.prvMtrdAi  Ehrh.  Fl.  Select. 

Gr.  zx.    MyrtmUfU  B. 

Small  Bilberry-like  ihruba,  not 
natives  of  Britain. 

150.  mvrtilldides  L,  786 
TheBilberry-leaTedWiUow 

Z.Uegaas  Besser  En.  Vol. 

151.  pediceilaris  Ph.  786 

152.  planifOlia  Fh,    786 

Gr.  xuLMyrWiilfu  Borrer. 
Small  bushy  Shrubs. 

153.  JkTyrsinites  Ir.  787 

S.  Vurshutn  fi  Smith  Eng. 
il.;S.  zrlutifoUa  WlUd.  Sp. 
PI.,  probably  S.  Macnab\ki\A 
Ma^aUvri^  in  Jameton^tBdin. 
Fhi£joum. 

154.  &etulifoliaFor6.787 

1 55.  prociimbens  jFbr.787 

S.  WviM  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  S. 
retiua  Wither.  Bot.  Arr.  ed.  4. 

156.  retiksa  L.  -  787 
S.  lerpgUifdlia  Jaoq.  Aostr. 

157.  Kitaibeliana  W.  787 

158.  TTva-urei  Pursh  787 

159.  ^erpyliifoliaiSco.  787 
S.   retiua  Koch,     y    Koch 

Comm. 

160.  cordifoliaFurM  768 

Gr.  xxii.   Ilerbacea  Borr. 

Very  low  Shrubs,  scarcely  rising 
an  inch  above  the  ground. 

161.  herbacea  L.    -  788 

1 62.  polaris  Wahlenb.  788 

Gr.  xxiiL  Hastdta  Borr. 

Low  Shrubs,  with  verV  broad 
leaves,  and  exceedingly  shag- 
gy ana  silky  catkins. 

163.  hast^ta  Ir.      -  788 

2  aemiUte  -  789 
8.  hattdta  Wflld.  Sp.  PI. 

3  Malif51ia  -  789 
malifdlia  Sm.  Eng.  Bot. 

4  arbiiscula  -  789 
S.  arbtseula  Wahl.  Fl. 
S.  arb6scvla  fi  L.  Fl.  Su. 
8.  arbAtaUa  y  Lin.Sp.Pl. 


164.  lan^ta  L,       -  789 

Gr.  xxiv.  d^seeildnem  A. 

Kinds  of  SiUx  described  in  Sat. 
JVob.f  and  not  included  in  any 
of  the  preceding  Groups. 

165.  egyptiaca  L.    789 

166.  alpina  Jor^ej    789 

1 67.  berbcnms,  Fall.  790 

168.  tetrasp^rma  R,  790 

169.  tilmifolia  Forbes  790 

170.  viliosa  For6<?f     790 

Gr.  XXV.  Afi«ce2Zdne«  B. 

Kinds  of  SUU  introduced, 
and  of  many  of  which  there 
are  Plants  at  Messrs.  Lod- 
diges',  but  which  we  have  not 
been  able  to  refer  to  any  of 
the  preceding  Groups     -  790 

Appendix. 

Kinds  of  5yix  described  or 
recorded  in  Botanical  Works, 
but  not  introduced  into  Bri. 
tain,  or  not  known  by  these 
names  in  British  Gardens  790 

II.  Po'puLUs  Toum,  819 

The  Poplar.— PffttpOtr.  Fr.; 

Pappelt  Uer.;  Pioppo^    Ital.  ; 

PopaeTt  Dutch  ;  Aiamo,  Span. 

1.  4Iba  L.     -        -  819 

The  Abele  Tree.^P.  diba  la- 
tifblia  Lob.  Ic;  P.  m^or  Mill. 
Diet..  P.  nlwa  Willd.  Arb.,  P. 
dtba  nhtra  Mart.  Mill. ;  Lmki, 
DIoscorldes:  the  great  tphite 
PoplftTj  great  Aspen^  Dutch 
Beech  :Peuplter  blanc,  Yprfau, 
Blanc  de  UoUamde^  Franc  Pi- 
eardt  Fr.;  Aubo^  or  Aoubero^  in 
some  provinces  ;  weiue  Pap- 
pelf  Silber  Pappelj  weiue  Aape^ 
Weitsalber  ftostm,  Ger.;  AbKUl- 
boom.  Dutch. 

2h^bridaJ9u6.      .  820 

P.  a/&aBieb.Lc. 
?  P.  intermidia  Mortens. 
P.  a.  erassffblia  Mertens. 
P.  grUea  Lodd.  Cat 
S  acerifolia     -      .  820 
P.  acenjblia  Lodd  Cat 
P.  qverc^blia  Hort. 
P.  palmata  Hort. 
P.  arembifgiea,  Lod.Cat. 
P.  btlifica  Lodd.  Cat. 

4  dbidicana     -     -  820 
P.  cSndicam  Lodd.  Cat. 
P.  nivea  Lodd.  Cat. 

P.  tomentb§a  of  the  Ha- 
wick Nursery. 

The  hoary  Poplar  of  the 
Edinburgh  Nurseries. 

5  sgypiiaca  Hort.     820 
P.  a.  pdUida  Hort. 
Egyptian  vMte  Poplar. 

6  pendula  .  820 
P.  a.  var.  grSeilis  rdmis 

pendint&tu  "Hertem.   \ 

2.(a.)  can^sceDs  Sm.  820 

The  common  white  Poplar 

P.  a/fto  MiU.Dlct.,P.-4/6a/W/»« 
mindribui  Rail  Syn.,  P.  diba 
Jblio  nUnbre  Bauh.  Hist. :  Peu» 
plier  grisaille,  Fr. 


xlri 


CONTENTS. 


3.  tr^mula  Ir.  -      -  821 

The  Aspen.  —  P.  ftbyca  Rail 
Sjn.,  P.  kibrida  Dod.  Pempt.. 
P.  nigra  Trag.  HI«t.,  P.  p(n- 
dWa  DuRoi:  Aspe,  UTrmUflg^ 
Fr. ;  la  Tremola,  AtberaUa^  At- 
bereUo,  Ital.  ;  Zitter-Pappel, 
Kspe^  Oer. 

2p6ndula     -         -  822 
P.  phutula  Lodd.  Cat. 
P.  supina  Lodd.  Cat. 

3  laevigata    -         -  822 
P.  Uevigdia  AltHort.Kew. 

4.  (t.)  tr^pida  WUld,  822 

The   American  Aspen P. 

tremuioides  Michx.  N.  Amer* 
SylT.,  N.  Du  Ham. 

5.  (t.)  grandidentata823 
The  N.  American  largeAspen. 

2  p6ndula  Michx.  -  823 

6.  grss'ca  Ait.  -     -  823 
The  Athenian  Poplar. 

7.  nigra  L.       •      -  824 

The  common  black  Poplar 

P.  Stba  Tng.  Hist..  P.  viminea 
Du  Ham.  Arb..  P.  vi»tul6nsU 
Hort.,  P.  pol&niea  Hort. :    Ai- 

feiros,  Greek ;  KabakL  Modern 
ireek:  tAe  oU  English  Poplar^ 
Suflblk;  the  WtUow  Poplar, 
Cambridgeshire ;  Water  Pop- 
lar i  the  fem.  of  P.  nigra  Is 
odled  the  Cotton  Tree  at  Bury 
St.  Edmunds :  PeupUer  not'r, 
Peuplier  Uard,  Otter  Blanc,Fr., 
Kkwane  Popped  Ger. 

2  yiridig  LindL      -  824 
•    P.  vlrncfM  Lodd.  Cat. 

8.  (?  n.)  canadensis  824 

P.  knigita  Wllld.  Sp.  PI., 
Pursh,  Spreng.,  but  not  of 
Hort.  Kew.;  P.monil^fera  Hort 
Par. :  CotlOH-teood,  Mlchz. : 
PeupUer  de  Canada,  Fr. 

9.  (?  n.)  Aetulifblia  -  825 

P.  fij^ra  Michx.  Fl.  Bor. 
Am. ;  r.hudUnica  Mich.  Arb., 
N.  Amer.  Syl. ;  P.  hndsoniUna 
Bosc  &  Lodd. :  Amtrican  black 
Poplar,  Amer. :  PeupUer  de  la 
Bate  d*  Hudson^  Fr. 

10.  (?n.)inomKfera  825 

The  black  Italian  Poplar.  — 
P.  virginiina  Lin.  Ac,  P. 
glandwdta  Mcench  Meth.,  P. 
earoliniruis  MoenchWeissenst., 
P.  nigra  itdUea  Lodd.  C^.  1836. 
P.  nigra  ameridtna  Ibid.,  P. 
adad6$ca  Lindl.  inEn^c.  of  PI., 
?  P.  marplindiea  Bosc :  Vir- 
ginian Poplar,  SuHu  Poplar, 
Canadian  or Berry-bearingPop. 
lar.  Mill.;  PeupUer  Suisu,  Pen. 
plier  tnphilon,  PeupUer  de 
Firginie,  Dumont. 

2  Lindley<2na  Booth  826 
ne  new  waeed-leawedPop' 

tar,  Hort. 

3  foUis  variegatis  -  826 

fl.fastigiktai)«/  -  827 
The  Lombardy  Poplar.— P. 
dilaidta-  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.,  P. 
nigra  it&lica  Du  Rot  Harbk., 
P.  itnUca  Mcrnch  Weissenst., 
P.  itdlica  dilatdta  Wllld.,  P. 
pyramidala  Hort..  P.  pa»n6' 
MiieaJaoq.,  P.  italiea  var.  cm-  I 


roUnfneig  Burgsdorf ;  Cjfpreu 
Poplar,  TurinPoplar,  Po  Pop- 
lar: PeHplierd'ItaUe,  Pevpl&r 
Pfframidid,  Fr. ;  Lombardische 
Pappel,  italianisehe  Pappel, 
Ger.  i  Pioppo  Cypresso,  Ital. 

12.  angullita^i/.    -  828 
The    Carolina  Poplar.  —  P. 

angtUdsa  Michx.  FI.lTor.  Amer., 
P.  helerophftla  Du  Rol  Harbk., 
P.  maerophuUa  Lodd.  Cat.  1886, 
P.  balsamtfera  Mill.  Diet. :  Mit- 
siseippi  Cotton  TVef,  Amer. 
2  n6va  Audih.  -  -  828 
S  Medikstf  Booth  -  828 

13.  heterophylla  L.  829 

P.  m6gnaJbUi»&mpli$,tic., 
Gron. Virg.,  Y.cordifblia  Burgs- 
dorf,  Lod.  Cat.  1 836 ;  P.  argintea 
Michx.  N.  Amer.  Syl. :  Cotton 
Tree,  Michx.  N.  Amer.  SyU 

14.  balsamffera  L.  -  830 

The  Tacamahac  Tree.  — P. 
Tacamahie  MiU.  Diet  :  the 
Tacamahac,  Amer.  ;  le  Sou- 
mier,  Fr. ;  PeupUer  Uard,  and 
also  Tacamahac,  in  Canada; 
BaUam  Papoel,  Ger. 

2  viminalis   -        -  830 
P.  vimindUe  Lodd.  Cat 

P.  udicifblia  Hort. 

P.  longifbUa  Fischer,  Pall. 

3  latifolia  HorL    -  8.^ 

4  interm^a  Hort.  830 

5  suaveolens  -  830 
P.  ncov^olnuFischer,  Lod. 

6  foliis  variegatis  -  830 

15.  candicans  AH,  -  831 

The  Onurio  Poplar.  —  P. 
macrophplla  Lindl.  in  Bncyc. 
of  PI.,  P.  latifbUaMcenchMeQi., 
P.  oniarHnMif  DesC  Hort.  Par., 
P.  eorddta  Lodd.  Cat.  1836,  P. 
canadhuia  Mcench  Weissenst., 
but  not  of  Michx.,  which  is  P. 
Iserigkta  Willd.:  Balm  qf  Gi- 
lead  Tree,  Boston,  N.  Amer. ; 
PeupUer  Hard,  Canada;  Peu- 
pUer d  FeuiUe$  vemisMiee,  Fr. 

3ettddceis. 
I.  A\vvB  Toum,   -  832 

The  Alder,  ^B^<h/^  specie* 
Lin. :  Atine,  Ft.  ;  Brie,  Ger.j 
Ontano,  Ital. ;  Alieo,  Spaa 

1.  glutinosa  Gcertn,   832 

lUttUus  A'lnus  Lin.,  B.  emar- 
gindta  Ehrh.  Arb. :  A'Atiis  Rail 
Syn. :  Aune,  Fr. ;  gemeine  Else, 
or  Elser,  or  sehwartx  Erie,  Oer. ; 
Elsenboimt,  Dutch ;  Alno,  or 
Ontano,  Ital. ;  AUso,  or  Alamo 
n^ro.  Span. 

2  einarginita  WiOd.  832 

3  laciniata  Ait      -  832 
A.  g.  incUa  Hort. 

4  ^ercifdlia  JftOd.  832 

5  oxyacantheefolia  -  832 
A.  QXffoeanth^^fbUa  Lodd. 

6  macrocirpa         •   833 
A.  maerocarpa  Lod.  Cat. 

7  foliis  variegatis  H.  833 

Other  VarteUei     - 


2.  oblongata  WUld.  -  834 

A*lnu$Jbl.  ohUmg,  ^.,  Bauh. ; 
A./bl.  09dU>4anceoL,  ic.  MilL 
Diet. :  langUche  Else,  Ger. 
2  foliis  ellipticis  Ait.  854 

A.  pkmila  Lodd.  Cat 

a  incana  WiUd.      -  834 

B.  A'lnus  9or.    incdma  L4n. 

Sp.  PL,  B.  ine^na  Lhi.  Sappl., 

B.  9iridit  Vill.  Dauph. :  tpergae 

Srle,grame  Else,  or  weieaeEUer, 

Ger. 

2  laciniita  Lod.  C.    834 

Sglaiica       -         -  834 
A.^/Mea  Mx.N.  Amer.  S. 

B.  tnedna  «ar.  glaica  Ait. 
Black  Alder,  Amer. 

4  angulata  Ait      •834 
Other  Varieties      -       -834 

4.  serniliLta  WUid.  -  835 

BftuUt  serruldta  Ait.  Hort. 
Kew.,  B.  rug^sa  Ehrh.  Beitr., 
?  A.  americdna  Lod.  Cat.  1836, 
?A.  canadensis  Lodd.  Cat.l83i6.: 
common  Alder ^  Amer.;  Uaaei- 
leased  Alder. 

5.  undulata  WiUd,  -  835 

hihda  crispa  Alt  Hort. 
Kew.,  B.  A'lnus  ear.  crispa 
Mx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer. ;  A.  crina 
Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept,  N.  JDn 
Ham. 

6.  cordifolia  Lodd.  -  835 

A.  eorddta  Tenore  Prod., 
Hayne  Dend. 

7.  viridis  Dec.  -     -  836 

A.  ovdta  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab..  A. 
frutiebsa  Schmidt,  V^Udaovdua 
Schrank  Sal.,  B.  k*lno-^tuim 
Ehrh.  Beytr.,  B.  virMtr  Hort. 

Other  Species  qf  A'lnus.  —  A. 
barbilta  Meyer.  (A.  obiusi* 
JbUa  Royle),  A.  subcordata 
Meyer,  J.  jorrullinsls,  A. 
acumin&U  S.  ^  B.,  A.  cm- 
taneifdlia  Jlfird.      -       -837 

II.  J?e'tula  Toum.  837 
The  Birch.  —  Bouleau.  Pr.  ; 
Betula,  lUl.;  Abedul,  Span.; 
BetuUa,  Port. ;  Birke,  Ger.; 
Berk,  Docch ;  Birk,  Danish 
and  Scotch  ;  Biork,  or  Bork, 
Swedish :  Beresa,  Russian ; 
Brwaa,  Polish. 

Leaves  smaU.     Natives  cki^y 
qf  Europe. 

1.  &lba  Zr.      -        -  838 

B.  pubisoens  Ehrh.  Arb.,  B^. 
tula  Rail  Syn.,  B.  tetnhtsis 
Rafin. :  Bomleau  eommun,  Fr.  ; 

Iemeine  Birke,.  Ger. ;  Bedolio, 
tal. 

2  pdndula  Smith    -  838 
B.  pfndula  Roth  Germ. 
B.  verrucdsa  Ehrh.  Arb. 
B  phtdulis  virguUs  Loea . 

3  pub^scens    -       -  838 
"A.^mbescens  Ehrh.  Beitr. 

4  pontica      -         -  838 
B.  p6nttea  Lod.  Cat. 

5  ttrticifolia  -         -  839 
B.  urtie(fbUa  ImA.  Cat. 

6  dalec&rlicaL.  Sup.  8.*)9 

7  maeroc4rpa  fTiUd.  839 


CONTENTS. 


xlvii 


8  loliis  vmriegitis  -  8S9 

Other  FarieHa  •  «a9 

1  (?a.)  dsauioi  PaU.  840 

B.  ncHMm  etiumi^miit  Wang. 
Brier.:  Bomlemt  Stbfirie,  Fr. 
2parvifdl]a  Mmfwe  840 

3.  (?  a.){ruticd9a  PaU.  840 

&  MlwflBt  Scbraak  Sal.,  B. 
fi^fttarfiiiiif  Schrank  der  Ge- 
•eOs.  Kaoirf.  Freunde. 

i.(?ii)piimibiZ..   -  840 

B.  mtma  Kalm  Ilin. 


5.  nana  L,     -        -  840 

B.  mimaSmecdrmm  Bromel. 
OiLGoch.,  B.  pat6airi»  pkmil^ 
#e.  Celt.  Act.  Suae 

2  strkU  Lodd,  Cat.  841 

6X?ii.)giai)duldsa^f.841 

tew:  NaUwtt^Kartk 
Ax 


7.  populifblia  ^1^.-841 

t.temminiUL  Ehrb.  Bdtr., 
B.  VbOa  Dq  Rci  Harb.  Bainn.: 
mUir  iMrc*.  aea  CH<fldtf  Dlfrdb, 


Skdniata  -  -  841 
B.  looteBdXa  Lodd.  Cttt. 

3  p^dula  -  -  841 
B.»aidSMiB  Lodd.  Cat 


8.pepyrM:ea  AU^    -  842 

».  pMar^craMichx.  Fl.  Bor. 
Br.,  B.  teacenlcrfa  Hort.,  B. 
LodcL  Cat.  1836,  B.  ea- 
Lodd.  Cat.,  B.  lAgra 
of  the  ftrfc  Noncfiea :  Cmtot 
Badk,  Wme  Bircky^jnia.\  Be- 
tmbdmCarla,  Ital. 

Sfiifca  -  -  842 

B.  ftaea  Boac. 

3  triehodada  HorL  84S 

4  pbtjrphyUa  Hart.  843 

9.  nigrB  L.    -        -  843 

B.  Immul^ta  Mlcfax.  FL  Bor. 
iteer.,  ?  B.  r»ra  Miehx.  .4rb.. 
B.  amtito  Lodd.  Cat  1836: 
Med  SmJk,  Amcr.;  Beimla  4a 
Cameo,  luL 

ia  excelaa  /f.  JTcto.  843 

R,  naea  Ifichx.  M.  Amer. 
Sri.  -  ?  B.  mkgra  Du  Rol  Hwb., 
B»aD. :  Yettnv  Birch,  Amer. 

H.leDtaL.    -      -844 

B.  car;pm^|ldlta  Ebrfa.  BeiCr., 
B.  i^cnB  Du  Hoi  Harb..  under 
both  &CSC  Dane*,  and  alao  tbat 
at  B.  tfi^  In  Lodd.  Collection : 
ml.  Cherni  Birek,  Ca- 
\  Birotf  Sweet  BtTch,  Uotnt^ 
Mmhagmma,  Amer. ;  Bou- 
JfMier.Tr.;  Betula  delta 
r«yMM,  ItaL 

Specie* qfBdmia  matpelintrO' 
Oaeed^B.  BMpgltra  Wall.. 
B.  oeamhAu  WM^  B.  nitida, 
JL  cjrlfodroMAcbja         -  M5 

CaryldceiE,  or  Cupu- 

UfertB. 
1.  Qri  Rccs  i.    -  846 

Tbe  €ML^ri0Toiini.,8Mer 


Team.:  Berto ,  Olttc ;  Aaaek^ 
or  Ac,  SaxMD  ;  JA  Aion^t  Al- 
JMt,  Hebrew ;  Dnu,  Greek  ; 
CkSne.  Fr.;  Eiehe,  Ger.;  Bit, 
Dutcb ;  <2tirraL0,  Ital.;  Endmi, 
Span. 

A.  I^eaieet  dedaaoae. 

A.  Nattpea  <^  Europe. 

5  L  Rdbur.  JBritithOakt. 

1.  pedunculatafKi//^  849 
Tbe  common  Brltiib  Oak. — 
Q.  RM«rLin.Sp.Fl.,En(.  Bot.; 
Q.  B.  peduacmidtmm  Malt.  FL 
Rust.;  Q./e/mina  Roth  Ger.; 
Q.  raermdM  N.  Du  Ham.;  Q. 
^bn  /tfnfo  pedtfiac.  Batib.  Pin. ; 
Q.  HiiNcruDalecb.HUt.;Qitfr. 
cos  Fucbs :  Hiat.;  Q.  naodk's 
Hornet :  WkiteOak,  Chhie  blanc 
Sacondat ;  Ckimepfdonculi,  ou 
d  Grapnes,ChtnefemelU^  Grave- 
Un,  Fr.;  Slid Eicke,/rUh  Eieke, 
Thai  Eieke,  Lohe  Eieke,  fVatd 
Eieke,  Ger.;  EecMo^  Quereia 
gen^ie,ltal,;EnGina  robie.  Span. 

2  pub^scens  Lod.  C.  849 

S  fastigiata  -         -  849 
Q.  Jaetigikia  Lam. 
^.jMramidklie  HorL 
CI«M«  dee  Pyrin^,  Fr. 

4p^dula     -         -  849 
Q.olnAito  Lodd.  Cat. 
Tke  l^eeping  (Xtk. 

5  beterophfila      -  851 
Q.  uOicifiMa  Hort. 

Q.  ladnidta  Lodd.  Cat. 
Q.  iil^iptlia  Hort. 
Q.  Femiiit\  Hort. 

6  ^liis  variegitia  -  85 1 

7  purpikrea    -       -851 
Q.  purpkrea  Lodd.  Cat. 


OOrr  Varieties 


851 


2.  aessiliflora  i&r/.  -  851 

Q.  Rafrar  WlUd.;  Q.  R.  var. 
stesOe  Hart.  Fl.  Ru»U;Q.$istUia 
Ehrb.  Arb.  ;  Q.  platuphuUoe, 
Huu  e^/o»M.Dalecb.  Hlst.iQia- 
lifrafia  mot,  dc,  Baub.  Fin., 
RaU  Sjn,i  Q.  r^d/u  Burnet ; 
?  Q.  owfrdlu  Cook,  Q.  nunmi- 
Sera,  tke  Maana  Oak,  Lindl. 
Bot.  Reff.;  Q.  mongdlica  Ibid, 
and  Gard.  Chron.:  Ae  Red  Oak, 
Ckestnat  Oak,  Bag  Oak:  Ckine 
male,  Secondat,  Ckine  rtmre  or 
roaare,  Dwrelin,FT.;StetnEicke, 
gerneim  Eieke,  spat  Eieke,  H  in- 
ter Eieke,  dUr  Eteke,  rotk  Eieke, 
Berg  Eidke,  Ger.;  Quereia  vera 
and  Qmera'a  eommmne,  Ital.; 
KoUe,  Span. 

2  puMscens    -      -  852 
Q.  $.  uar.fi  Smith  Eng.  Fl. 
Q.ptAiscen*  WUld.  I^.n. 
Q.  R.  I^mugindeum  Lam. 
Tke  Durpuut,  Mart. 

3  Tnacroc4rpa  -     -  852 
Q.  RMur   macrocirpum 

Booth. 

4  falkenberg^nsis  -  852 
Q.falkenberghuis  Booth, 

FVirbes  Hort.  Tour. 

5  australis      -      -  852 
Q.  austrdlii  Link. 

Otker  Varietiei       -       •  85S 

d.pvrenkica  WiUd.    853 

4.  TaAaln  /'w*.,  Q.  n^gra 
TboreChior^  Q.  Tdta  Boec, 


Q.  cloftNiMrra  Laaajr.,  Q.  <o- 
aMM<d«a  Dec.:  CAene  moA',  Se> 
Gondat ;  CkhteUamam,  Fr. 

4.  JETscuIus  L.        -  853 

The  Italian  Oak.~PAdg«# 
^UMtue,  mat  et  fiem.  Dalecb. 
Hl«t.GUii«^0e.  Fr. 

5.  (J?.)  apenninaL.  854 

Q.  eom^amerdla  Pert. :  CA^jte 
AjpcriMc*,  f  r. 

§  ii  C4rru.  Mouy-eupped, 
or  Turkey,  OaJu. 

6.  Cdrris  JL.     -      -  854 

0-  crmi/a  c  and  j8  Lam. 
Diet.,  Q.  Httinkka'ot  Jum.  in 
Hort.  Par.,  <i.  tenrmK/uica, 
dv.,  Baub.  Pin.  ;  Q.  Ctrrie 
P/mii,  &e.,  Lo6.  ia.  Dad. 
Pempt.,  Oer.  Emae. ;  Cirrue 
Dalecb.  Hist. :  ike  Turkey  Oak, 
tke  Iron,  at  Wameoot,  Oak: 
Ckhu  CerriM,  Ckine  ckevetu^ 
Ckine  de  Bourgogne,  Fr. ;  Bur- 
gundiacke  Eieke,  Cerr-eicke, 
Ger.:  Cerro  Gkiatuie  amare, 
Ital. 

Varietie*. 

*  FoU^e  deeiduoue. 

a.  Leaves  pinnat\ftd  or 
ttnuated.  Cups  iff  tke 
Acoms  mossy. 

1  vulgarb     -         -  855 
Q.  Ctrrit  fl'ondbsa  MUL 

Diet 
Q.  crinita  var.  i  Lam. 
Q.  Toumr/drtH  fViltd. 
Q.  orient4iis  latiflUia,  tfc., 

Tourn.  Cor. 
Q.  Cirris  OIW.  Yoy. 
Q.  Ha/teA/or^M  Bom:. 

2  p^ndula  SeiU^     .  856 

3  laciniata      -  *     -  856 

4  varieg&ta  Lod,  C  856 

b.  Leaves  dentate.    Cups  (/ 

<A0  Acoms  kristiy. 

5  austriaca      -      -  856 
Q.  austriaca  Willd. 

Q.  Cirris  Host    Sjn.,  » 

and  fi. 
Q.  crinita  y  Cfrris  Lla. 
Q.  cdfyof  ktspido,  |rc.,  Bau. 

6  cana  inajur         -  857 
Q.  cdna  fn4/or  Lod.  Cat. 

7  cana  minor         -  857 
Q.  cdna  minor  Lod.  Cat 

8  K^nal      .         .  857 
Q.  BAgnal  Lod  Cat. 

**  FoUage  sub-evergreen. 
Leaves  dentate.  Acoms 
uriik  bristly  Cups. 

9  fulhaxn^nsis        -  858 
Q.  C.  denidta  Wati. 

Q.  C.  k^brida  var.  den- 
tdta  Swt. 

10  latifdlia  HorL  .  859 

11  Lucombedna  -  859 
Q.  LwoomMtna  Svt. 

Q.  esoniinsfs  Lod.  Cat. 

Tke  Lucombe  Oak,  tke 
Evergreen  Turkey  Vak, 
tke  Devonskire  Oak,  tke 
EaeterOak. 


xlviii 


CONTENTS. 


•*•  Foliage  evergreen^  or 
very  nearly  to.  Leana 
varying  from  dentate  to 
Minnate.  Cups  of  the 
Acorns  brisUy, 

12  L.  crispa  -  859 
Q.  !>.  crispa  Hort. 
New  Luoombe  Oak. 

13  L.  suberosa      -  859 
Q.  L.  suberdsa  Hort. 

14  L.  incisa  -  859 
Q.  L.  indsa  Hort. 

15  L.  dentata        -  859 
Q.  L.  denidta  Hort. 

16  heterophylla     .  859 
Q.  L.  keteropkJfUa  Hort. 

7.  -^eilopslr.       -  860 

The  Valonla  Oak.— Q.  orien- 
tiUis,Scc.,  Tourn.  Cor.;  JE'gilms 
sive  Cirrus  mas  C.  Baumn, 
Secondat;  Velknl  Toum^Voy.; 
GlSns  CSrri  Dalech.  HUt. :  the 
great  pricUy-cwpped  Oak  ; 
Chine  Felam,  Fr. ;  Chine  Ve- 
lanide  Bmc  ;  Knovper  Eiche, 
Ger.  i  Vattonea^  ItaJ. 

2  p^ndula  Hort,    -  860 

S  latifolia  Hort,     .  860 

D.  Natives  qf  North  America. 

§  iii.  AVhb.   White  Ameri- 
cat^  Oaks. 

8.  alba  L.     -        -  862 

Q.  alba  virginidna  Park. 
Theat.  Bot,  Q.  a.  pinnat\flda 
Walt.  Carol.,  Q.  paHistris 
Marsh :  Chine  blanc  de  PAmi- 
riquct  FT.  ;  weisse  Etcher  Ger. 

1  pinnatlfida  Mx.      862 
Q.  Alba  Ban.  Cat.  Stlrp. 
Q.  vii^inidna  Cate«b.  Car. 
Q.  a.  paltislris  Marsh. 

2  rep&ida  Michx.      862 

9.  (a.)  olivsformis    864 

The  mossy-cupped  Oak,  Amer. 

10.  macrocarpa  W.   864 

The  over-cup  white  Oaky  Bur 
Oaky    Amer. ;    Chine    3   gros 
OianSt  Chine  frisS,  Fr. ;  grou- 
fruchtige  Eiche,  Ger. 

1 1.  obtusiloba  Mx.  865 
The  Poit  Oak — Q.  tteUdta 

Wind.  Sp.  PI. :  Iron  Oak,  Box 
white  Oak,  American  Turkey 
Oak,  Upland  white  Oak,  Amer. 

12.  lyrata  Walt.     -  865 
Tke  Swamp  Post  Oak,  Water 

white  Oak,  Amer. 

> 
§  iv.   PrtniM.   Chestnut 

Oaks, 

13.  PrJnus  L,        -  866 

The  Chettnut-leaved  Oak. 

1  paKistris  Mx,     -  866 
Q.  P.0a/l2ffrAMx. 
Q.  Prlnus  Lln.  Sp.  PI. 
Q.  castane^rfdlUs,  &e.,  Pk. 
7^  Swamp  Chestnut  Oak, 

the  Chestnut  white  Oak, 
Amer. ;  the  white  Oak, 
near  Philadelphia. 

2  monticola  Mx.   -  866 
Q.  P.  montUxIa  Mich.  fU. 


Q.  mm/dna  WiUd.  Sp.  Pi. 
Q.  Pfhiitf  Smith  in  Abb. 
The  Rock  Chestnut  Oak. 
S  acuminilta  Mx,  -  867 
Q.  P.  acumindta  Mx.  fil. 
Q.  Castitnea  WUld.  Sp.  PI. 
The  yellow  Oak. 

4  piimila  Mx.        -  867 
Q.  P.  Chinquapin  Mx. 
Q.  Chinquapin  Pnrsh  Ft. 
Q.  prinbutes  WlUd.  Sp.  PI. 
The  Chinquapin,  or  Dwarf 

Chestmu  Oak. 

5  tomentosa  Mx,  -  868 
Q.  P.  discolor  Mx. 
Q.  bicolor  Willd.  Sp.  PI. 
Q.  Micha&xM  Nutt. 
The  Swamp  white  Oak. 

§  ▼.   Rilbra.  Red  Ameru 
can  Oaks, 

14.  rubra  L.   ^      -  868 

The  Champion  Oak.  — Q. 
F/sculi  diviskra,  Ac.  Pluk. 
Phjt. 

Varieties.  Q.  riibra  latifblla 
and  Q.  riibra  montina  are 
mentioned  by  Alton  in  the 
Sd  ed.  of  Hort.  Kew. 

15.  coccfnea  WUld,   869 
Q.  rVn-a  p  Alt. 

16.  ambfgua  Willd.    870 

The  Grey  Oak.—  Q.  boredlis 
Michx.  N.  Amer.  Syl. 

17.  falc^ta  Michx,    870 
The  Spanlih  Oak.  — Q.dff- 

color  Alt.  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  1.;  Q. 
elongdta  WUld.  Sp.  PI. ;  Q.  /«. 
rita  Lodd.  Cat.  1836 :  Q.  cu~ 
neiUa  Wang.  5  Q.  trVoia  Willd., 
Michx.  Quer. :  thedowny^aved 
Oak. 

18.  tinctoria  ITOW.  -  871 

The  Quercitron.  —  Q.  v/r- 
ginidna,  &c.,  Pluk.  Phyt. ;  Q. 
discolor  W^illd.  Arb. :  /A«  fttocifc 
Oair,  Amer. ;  Chine  des  Tein- 
turiers,  Fr. 

1  angulosa  Michx.    871 
Q.  americdna  Pluk.  Aim. 
Q.  velutina  Lam.  Diet. 
Q.  tinctbria  Bart.  Trar. 
TV  Chainplain  Oak. 

2  sinuosa  AftcAx.  -  872 

19.  palustris  ^i^.-  872 

The  Pin  Oak.  —  Q.  montdna 
Lodd.  Cat.  1886,  Q  Banisteri 
Lodd.  Cat.  1836. 

20.  Catesb^E^i  Willd.  873 

The  Barren  Scrub  Oak Q. 

rW>ra  fi  Abb.  &  Smith  Ins.,  Q. 
E'sculi  divisiira,  ^.,  Cat  Car. 

$  vi.     Niffra,     Black 
American  Oaks. 


21.  nigra  L.  -        -  874 

The  Black  Jack  Oak.  — Q. 
maryldndica,  ^c.  Rail ;  Q.fer- 
ruginea  Michx.  N.  Amer.  Syl. ; 
Q.  aqudtica  Lodd.  Cat.  1886 : 
Barren  Oak,  Amer. 

22.  aquatica  Soland,  875 
Q.  foiiis  euneffSmtOnu,  dc, 

Gron.  Vir«.s  Q.  fdlio  non  ser- 
rdio,  Iv.,  Cat.  Carol ;  Q.  nigra 


WlUd.    Sp.    PL,    Q.  ul^iMsa 
Wangh.  Amer. 

2  nana  -        -  ^      -  875 
Q.  agudtica  Sm.  &  Abb. 
Q.  a.  elongdta  Ait.  H.  K. 
Q.  dentata  Bart.  Trav. 
Q.  ndna  WiUd.  Sp.  PL 
The  Dwarf  Jagged  Oak. 

S  maritima  Michx.    875 
Q.  hemisph^rica  Willd. 

Other  Varieties      -       -  sr& 

23.  (a.)  ilicifblia  W.  876 

The  Bear  Oak.  —  Q.  Btsnis- 
teri  Michx.,  ?  Q.  aquatica  Abb. 
ft  Sm.  Ins. :  Black  Scrub  Oak, 
Dwarf  red  Oak,  Amer. 

$TiL   Vhilhs.     WUUno 
Oaks. 

24.  Ph^llos  L.        -  876 

Q.  vhginidna,  4^.,  Pluk. 
Aim.  ;  Q.  Vlex  maryldndica 
Rail  Hist.  PI. 

1  sylv&ticas  Michx.  877 

2  latifolius  Lodd,  C.  877 

3  hikmilis  Pursh    -  877 

4  serioeus      •         -  877 
Q.  VhiUosSm.StA^.  Ins. 
Q.  P.  pkmilHS  Michx. 
Q.  humilior  saltcis  fdlio 

brevidre  Cat.  Car. 
Q.  sericea  Willd.  Sp.  PI. 
Q.  pitnuta  Mx.  N.  Am.  Syl. 
The  Highland  Willow  Oak. 
The  running  Oak, 

5  cinereus     -         -  877 
Q.  P.  y.  Liu.  Sp.  PI. 
Q.  P.  ^Cfn^reus  Alt.  H.  K. 
Q.  hkmilis  Walt.  Carol. 
Q.cm^io  Willd.  Sp.  PI. 
The  upland  Willow  Oak. 

6  maritimus  Michx.  878 
Q.  maritima  WUld.  Sp.  PL 

as.  (P.)  feurifolia  jr. 878 

The  Laurel  Oak,  Swamp  Wil- 
low Oak. 

2  h^brida  Mx.  Qwer.  878 
Q.  L2.oMitfatoAltH.K. 

26.  imbricata  »^iW.  879 

Q.  latifblia  Hort.:  Laurel 
Oak,  FUed-cup  Oak,  Jack  Oak, 
Black  Jack  Oak,  Amer. :  Chine 
a  Lattes,  Fr. 

27.  heterophylla  M,  879 

Bartram*s  Oak. 

Other  Speaes  (tf  ThfUos.  —  Q. 
agrlfdlia  Willd.  (?  Q.  coe- 
e^era)     .       .       .       .  879 

B.  Leaves  evergreen. 
A.  Natives  ofrEurope. 

§  viii,  VUx,     Holm,  or 
Holfy,  Oaks. 

28.  /lex  L.  ~        .  880 

The  common  evergreen  OaJc. 
—  Vlex  arbdrea  Bauh.  Hist.  : 
FYeuse,  or  CAase  vert,  Fr.  s 
Stein  Eiche,  Ger. ;  Elice,  Ital.  • 
Encina,  Span. 

1  integrifoUaZ<N2.  C.880 

2  serratifolia  Lod.  C.880 


CONTENTS. 


xlix 


S^ifolm  Lmid^C.  880 

PkJiodrW*  M^tth.  Valgr. 
TlaNo.  %.  Du  Ham.  Arb. 

4  erfspa  Lod,  CaL     880 

5  Utifolia  Lod.  CaL  880 
Q.  I.  o«tfiv»  Hort. 

6  longildUA  XodL  C.  880 
Q.  I.  MtfcffUat  Sort. 

7  variegata  i9br<.  -  880 

S9.  (/.)  ^oiZdto  Des.  882 

?Tla  puffBT  am.  HiK.: 
Cktme  A  Gfairf*  dew,  Ohnir 
JUbU,  Ft. 

30.  (/.^.)g™u^tia882 

4£^  Xa^n.  Monap. :  CMene  de 
tirmmmomL  Fr. ;  ITKImWal. 
thge  Eieke,  Ger. ;  factea  dmtee, 
aad  Geatfte,  Spaa. 

2  Cookt't       -         -  883 
Q.  CSirfiil  ifr*.  Brit.  ltt«d. 

31.  coccifera  X.      -  883 

Tbe  Kennes  Oak.  —  ritr  coc 
c^fcra  Cka.  Bpit.,  I.  memiedta 
fera  Garid.  Aix..  I. 
Ger.  Emac:  Ckfme 
Ft.  ;  Xmnes 
Aefe,  Ger.  ;  Qmerce  det  Xer^ 
«Ma.ttaL 

32.  peeodo-coccffera  883 

Siole,  Ger. 


«  yaacr  Kermes,  Ft.  ; 


33.  S&ber  Ir.  -        -  884 

SUcr  Cam.  Eptit^  S.  Prtna* 

Mattk.  V«Igr.,    S.  UUffUrum, 

tc^  Da   Ham.   Art>.:    Ohear 

Xjqpe,  Fr. ;  Xork  Eicke,  C^er. ; 

ftwra,  luL ;  JlR9rH09ae,  8p. 

Sbdloliinn-         -  884 

iikerlstifdiham,  ^r.,  Bau. 

S  angusdfolium     -  884 

Sai.  amguaH/dlhan  Baah. 

4dtntatuin  -         -  884 

Q.  i*M&d(»-Sikter  Hort. 

34.  Pseudo-^kiber  D.  885 

Odv  >itr  Liegr,  Chine  de 
GArater,  Fr. :  Unadue  Xork- 
£*eke,  Ger.:  Q.  T6meri  Bote, 
from  a  leaf  receivtil  by  him 
framKev.DotofWflld. 
S  Fontan^ttt  •  -  885 
Q.  Aafineitt  Guss. 

35.  Tarnen  Wilid.    886 
a  k^brida  Host. :  Gl^ar  de 

TrnmeTj  Fr. ;  Tkracradbe  Eteke, 
Ger. 

3&  b^brida  nana    •  886 

Q.tghrida  Lodd.  Cat.  1836; 
Q.  "«  iyAritf  betweem  Q.  p^ 
tfMAtf  te  Mtf  Q.  rirjr  in  Hort. 
Sot.  Card." ;  Q.  ManiUt  Hort., 
Q.acjMllo(t. 


a.  JTafltoev  efJhrtk  Ameriea. 
fix.  Fir^tfct.    LiveOaiM. 

37.Tireosili/.        -  886 

Tte  Live  Oak.— Q.  FkiOoe 

^Ua.  8p.  PL,  Q.  sempervirent 

Mtcr.  Q.  kemiepkte'riea  Br. 

».  vjitifdlia  WiUd.  887 


c.  yati9esitf  Nepal. 

$  X.    Latuttm.      WooOy  or 
dovny-teaved  Oaks, 

39.  lanata  5mttt     -  888 
Q.  UmmgimieaD.  Don  Prod., 

FL  Nen.  ;  ?  Q.  B4i:^a  Ham. 
MSS.,  ?  Q.  oNongdia  D.  Don, 
L  c. ;  ?  Q.  tmedna  Royle  lUusL 

40.  annulata  Smith    888 

Q.  PbullkU  fitfM.  MSS.,  D. 
Dam  Prod.  Ft.  Nep. ;  ?  Q.  iCam. 
ro^i  D.J)(m,l.e.  i  ?Q.  gim6ca 
Thunb.,  ?Q.  acam/»ato  Hort. 

App.  L  European  ISnds 
of  Oaks  not  yet  intro- 
duced. 


889 


Q.fkfginUi  Lam. 

Q.  mgOamifiiUa  WDId. 
Q.  4^IopiAlla  Pere.  Syn. 

Q.  kupdmiea  fi  Lam. 
Q.  Br6s$a  Bote  .       •  8^) 

CAeiK   Broete   at    Xantet; 
CSIAir  fwiAi.BonamL 
Q.  TiminAlli  J?afC      -       .889 

CftAitf  $atii^,   ClbdK  Of iVr, 
rA^«<tf«lbi,  Fr. 
Q.  itipera  Bote 

C/tcne  dprct  Fr. 
Chfaie  Lexermien,  Bote 
Cbtae  CastUlan,  A«e  - 


Other  Species Q.  loritinlca 

Lam.,  C{.  jw&itna  Pers.,  Q. 
CAljciuA  roir.,  Q.  expfnu 
Poir.,  0>  rotwidlfdUa  Lam., 
and  C2.  bdmlUf  Lam.      .  880 

App.  ii.  Oakt  of  Africa, 
A»a  Minor,  and  Persia, 
only  partiaUy  introduced. 

Q.  obt^cu  Poir.  Diet.       -  890 

a.\o.Uttux\A0U9.  Vou.      -890 

^.eariinsis  Wiltd.:   Chene 

a  GaUes,FT. ;  FdrberBiehe, 

Ger. 

Q.  Libini  Olrr..  Q.  rfsidalKiZltf., 

Q.  ib^rica  Stev.,  Q.  castanei- 

fblia   C.  A.   Meyer,  and  Q. 

monir6Uca    Fisth.,    are   do 

•cribed  in  onr  Itt  edit.    -  800 

Q.  mannlfeta  Limdl.Bot.  B.  890 

Q.  r^a  Lindl.  BoL  Beg.      891 

Q.  BriaUi  Lindl.  Bot  Reg.  891 

App.  iii.  Himalayan  Oaks 
only  partiaUy  introduced. 

Q.  spidUa  Smith  inRees'sC.  891 
Q.    «7tMniMita    Box.   Hort. 

Beng. 
Q.  A'rcttla  fliom.  MSS. 
Q.  obtusifMia  2>.  Don,  Q.  gran- 
dif5Ua  D.  Don,  and  Q.  velu- 
tlna  Lindl.,  are  described  in 
our  lit  ed.       -       -        -  892 
<2.  lamellbca  Smith    -       ■  892 
Q.   imbrieata  Ham.  MSS., 
D.  Don  Prod.  Fl.  Nep. 
Q.  temecarpifdlte  ANtfA.      898 

App.  iv.     Oaks  of  Japan, 
CoeJdn^Oiina,  ^  China, 
most  of  which  have  not 
yet  bem  introduced, 

Q.  gUbra  Tkmnb.       -       -  898 

Q.  conc^ntrica  Lour.,  Q.  actta 

nm^.,  Q.  lerrita  Thnnb., 

c 


<2.  gtetica  TKim^.,  <2>  coral- 
dkta  Thunb.,  Q.  Uent&a 
Thunb,,  Q.  oborita  Bunge, 
and  &  chintesis  Bnnge,  are 
detcribed  in  our  1st  ed.  -  89S 

App.  T.  Otdks  of  Java,  Su- 
matra, and  the  Molucca 
Isles,  not  yet  introduced. 

Q.  tundiiea  Biume  Fl.  Jam.  88t 

TheSunda  Oak. 
Q.  pruinbta  Biume  Fl.  Jav.  894 

The  frosty  Oak. 

Q.  anguttita  Blume  FL  Joe.  894 

Q.  pillida  Blume  Ft.  Jaw.  -  895 

Q.  coft4ta  Biume  Ft.  Jav.   89S 

Q.  rotundilta  Blume  Fl  Jaw.  806 

Q.  §legans  Biume  Fl.  Jav.    896 

Q.  placentiria  BlMmeF^.Jav.90S 

Q.  glaberrimaiUMawF/.  Jav.  896 

Q.  plMjckrpABiume  Fl.  Jav.  896 

Q.  dxf^n6\detiHiwneFt.Jav.9S7 

Q.  racem5ta  Hi»ok.  in   Comp. 

B.     Mofi.,     Q.    grmetllfl6ra 

Bbtme  Fl.  Jav.,    Q.  icdilU 

Bluvie  Fl.  Jav.,    Q.    urceo- 

ULris  Hook.,  and  Q.  Psetxdo- 

moldcca  Blume  Ft.  Jav.,  arc 

detcribed  in  our  lit  cd.  -  898 

Q.  moMcca  Blume  Fl.  Jav.  808 

U.  turblnilta  Blume  Fl.  Jav.  898 

U.  lineiU  Blume  Fl.  Jav.  -  898 

App.  vi.  Mexican  Oaks 
ady  partiaUy  introduced, 

Q.  zaiapfinsis  Humb.iJiBon.  898 

U.  g\uacb»CKn»Hwni.i[Bon.  899 

Q.  obtuflftta  Humb.  if  Bun.  81i9 

tt.  pandurdta  Humb.^  Bon.  899 

Q.  repAnda  HunU>.  4r  B^fn.    900 

ti.  /k<irina  Humb.  A  Bonpl.  900 

d  slderdxyla  Humb. i[  Ban.  900 

Q.  mexictoa  Humb.  9[  Bon.  901 

Q.  crisalpes  Humb.  h  Bon.  901 

U.  cr£aaipeB  angustilbUa  //.  901 

Q.  lanceoliu  Humb.  tf  Bon.  901 

Q.  reticuUu  Humh.  J^  Bon.  902 

Q.  cbrysopbtlta  Hunt.  &  B.  902 

Q.  pulchella  Humb.  &  Bon.  902 

Q.  spickta  Humb.  &  Bon.     902 

1^.  silpuUria  Humb.  ^  Bon.  902 

Q.  crataifblia  Humb.^  Bon.  903 

Q.  depressa  Humb.  A  Bon.  *903 

U.  ambigua  Humb.  4  Bon.   903 

Q.  confertlAUa  Hum.  A  Bon.  904 

Q.  trldens  Humb.  Sf  Bon.     904 

^.  acutlf51ia  WiUd-.H-ffB.  904 

Q.  elliptica  WUld.,  Q.  mucro- 

nkU   JVilkL,    Q.   tumentbsa 

Willd.,  Q.   circinftu   IVilid., 

Q.  spl6ndens  H'Uld.,  Q.  ru. 

g6aa  Wilid,,  Q.  macrophyila 

Waid.,  Q.  dlTenifblU  fVilid., 

Q.  cindicana  IViiid..  Q.  mU 

croph^Ua  naid.,    Q.   lob^U 

JVilld.,      Q.     vuigaolie^fblia 

>ViUd,  Q.  l&tea  Wilid.,  and 

Q.  raUdfblia  Wilid.,  are  de- 

Bcrfbed  in  our  Itt  ed.     •904 

Q.  lancifblia  Ckam.etSchUc.90i 

Q.  pedolirla  Benih.    -       -  004 

a.   dyaophfUa  Benth.   Plant. 

Hartveg.,  Q.  A'lamo  Ibid., 

Q.  barbin^rvii  Hrid..  Q..  gla- 

br^scens  Ibid.,  Q.  Hartwtg/ 

Ibid.,  and  iome  others,  have 

been  discovered  by  Hartwreg, 

who  has  sent  home  specimena 

of  all,  and  acorns  ofiome,  to 

the  Hort.  Soc.         -       -904 

II.  Fk  'gus  L.  '  -905 
The  Beech.— Fiigiw  of  the 


CONTENTS. 


Ronant  according  to  Bauhin  ; 
OJtua  of  the  Greeks  ;  Castdnea 
Toum. :  He/re,  Fr. ;  Bucket 
Ger. ;  Beuke,  Dutch ;  Bog, 
Darn,  i  BolCf  Swed. :  Suk,  Russ. 
and  Pol. :  Paggio,  Ital. ;  Hayat 
Span.  ;  Faj/Ot  Port. 

A.  Cftptde  nmricaUt  capsttli- 
form.       Ovaries      mauded. 

Young  leaves  pb'eaie. 

a.  Species  in  Cultivation  in  Bri- 

iish  Gardens. 

1.  sylv&tica  L.  -  .905 
Cast^nea  Fdgus  Scop.  Cam., 
Fdgus  Bauh.  Pin.,  F.  syMslrU 
Mich.  N.  Amer.,  Oxya^  Greek, 
Ft^uSy  Lat. :  Helre  comrnun, 
Fr. ;  getneine  Buche,  Ger. ; 
Eoodbeuke,  Dutch. 

2  purpiirea  Ait.  -  905 
F.  s.  2.  dtro-rUbens  Du  R. 
HAr*  iwir,  Fr. 

3  ciiprea  Lodd.  Cat.  905 

4  foliis  variegalts   -  905 

5  heterophylla       .  906 
F.s.  lacinidta  Lodd.  Cat. 
F.  s.  nsplenifblia  L.  Cat. 
F.  s.  incisa  Hort. 

F.  s.  salieiJUia  Hort. 
H€tre  a  FeuUles  de  Saule, 
Fr. 

6  cristata  Z<xi(f.  Cat.906 
'  F.  ».  erispa  Hort 

//Ar<r  Cre<f  tff  C07,  Fr. 
7p^ndulaixNf.  Cat.  906 

Hitre  Parasolt  Fr. 
8  americana  -  907 

F.  sylvfstris  STichz. 

While  BeecAt  Amer. 

2.  ferrugfnea  .^t/.    -  909 

F.  americihta  lat^blia  Du  Rol 
Harbk. ;  red  Beech,  Amer. 
2  caroliniana  -     -  909 

F.  caroUnidna  Lod.  Cat. 
S  latifolia      -         -  909 
F.  latifblia  of  Lee'i  Nura. 

b.  Species  not  yet  introduced. 

3.  obliqua  Mirh,     -  910 

B.  Cupule  involueriform  ;  Seg' 
ments  narrow,  laeiniaie.  Ova- 
ries  lateraUy  inserted. 

a.  Species  introduced  into 
Brilain. 

4.  ietuldides  Mirb,  910 

The  erergreen  Beech.  —  B^- 
tula  antSretica  Forst.  lu  Com. 
Goett.,  Wllld.  &p.  PI. 

5.  act^rctica  Forst,    910 

b.  Species  not  yet  introduced  HUo 

British  Gardens, 

6.  Dombeyi  Mirb.  -911 

The  Myrtle- leared  Beedi. 

7.  d^bia  ilftrd.       *  911 
III.  Cast Vnea  T. -911 

The  Chestnut  ^F4fiM  Lin. 
and  others:  Chitafgnier,  Fr. ; 
Kastanie,  Ger. ;  CoMtagna^lts^.i 
Castano,  Span.;  Castanheiro. 
Ton.iCastanietne,  Swed.  aad 
Dan. ;  Keschton,  Ross. 


1.  v^sca  Gartn.      -  912 
TheSweet,  orSpanish.Chest- 

nut  — F^f«w    Castanea     Lin. 
Hort.  Cliff.,    Castdnea  saOva 
Mill.  Diet.,  C.  vulgaris  Lam. 
Enqrc.  £ng.  Bot. 
Varieties 

A.  Bottmtcal  Varieties. 

2  asplenifolia  Lo4d.  912 
C.heterophpUa  Hort. 

C.  lacrnidta  Hort. 
C.  taUeiJbUa  Hort 

3  cochleataJLcKf.  Cat.  912 

4  glabra  I.ocU.  Ca^  912 
C.  v.fbliis  Ihcidis  Hort. 

5  gla(ica  iTor/.       -  912 
C.  glttitca  Hort. 

6  variegata  £i>rt.   -  912 
C.  v.fbliis  aireis  Lodd. 

7  amerieflna  -       -  912 
C.  v6sea  Mlchx. 

B.  Fruit-bearing  Fars.    912 

2.  piimila  WUld.     -  914 

The  Chincapln.  — F^^tw  pit- 
mtla  Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  Castdnea 
piimila  virginiana,  t^c,  Pluk. 
Aim.:  CAataigner  Ckincapin, 
Fr.  ;  ztoerch  Kastanie,  or  Ou- 
tat^e,  Ger. 

Species  qf  Castdnea  not  yet  As- 
troduced  into  European  Gar- 
dens. 

C.  Indica  Box.  Hort  Beng.  914 

C.  KoxbtSrghri  Lindl.        -  916 

Qw^rcitf  castanic&rpa  Rox. 

Hort.  Beng.,  Spreng.  Syst. 

C.  sphserocirpa  ZfiuO.      .  915 

Qwrcfu  amuUa  Rox.  MSS. 
a  Albuloldes  Lindl.  •      -  915 
Qu^rcMS  iribuloides  Smith  in 
Rees's  CycL,  D.  Don   in 
Prod.  NepL,  WaU.  In  Litt. ; 
Q.Cattfnma  Ham.  MSS. ; 
Q./emr  Rox.  Hort.  Beng. 
^.  martabinica  WaU.  PI.  As.  915 
C.  SHMi^mtfBiumeBjdr.  915  . 
Ttmgurrut,  or  Tungerreh,  of  J 
the  NaUves. 
C.arg^ntea  J5/«iR«A.Ja«.  915 
C.Javinicai»tHntfjF7.  Ja0.  915 
9  mont£na    •         -       .  915 
C.  moiBldfM  Blame  Bjdr. 
8  fao6scens    -i       .       .  916 
C.  in§rmis  LindL  in  Wait.  -  916 
C,  chingnsis  Spreng.    -     .  916 

IV.  Ca'rpinus  2^.-916 

The  Hornbeam.  —  Came, 
t^arme,  Fr. ;  Hay^udke,  or 
HtUniuche,     Ger. ;     Carpino, 

1.  J?^tulus  If.  .  -  917 
Cdrpimit      Matth.     Valgr., 

O'strya  Bauh.  Pin.,  O'nsui 
Trag.Hist.,  F4giw  Bauh.  Hist., 
B^<silMLob.Ic.:  Came,Charme\ 
¥T.\gemeine  Haynbuche,  Ger. ; 
Carpino  bianco,  Ital. :  Horn- 
beam, Yoke  Elm,  and  in  some 
places  Wych  Haul, 

2 'mc^  Lodd,  Cat.   917 
C.  B.  ({uercifdUa  Desf. 
C.  B.  hetenmhjflla  Hort. 

3  yaxiegkuLod.  Cat  9 1 7 

2.  (j9.)  americana  -  918 

C.  virginidna  Michx.  Arb. 


3.  {B,)  orientalis  L,  918 

Spedes  or  Varieties  qf  G4r- 
pinus  not  yet  mlrotktced  into 
European  Gardens. 

C.  B.  Carpinizxa  Hort.  .  919 
C.  Timinea  Lindl.,  WalL  -  919 
C.  faglnea  Lindl.,  WaU.    -  919 

V.  O'STRYA  Wil/d.     919 

1.  vulgaris  WUld,    -  9S0 

CSrpinus  (fstrya  Hort.  Qifll, 
0'«f9yacaf7»di{foMaScop.Carii., 
(fstrya  Bauh.  Fin.,  O.  itoHea, 
^,  Michx.Gen. :  Carpino  nero^ 

2.  (?v.)virgfnicayr.  920 

CSrpinus  virginiina  Abb. 
Ins.,  Carpinms  O'strya  vtrg^i- 
nidna  Mlchx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer., 
C.  O'strya  Mich.  N.Amer,  Syl., 
not  the  fig.,  which  is  O.  rul- 
girls :  Iron  Wood,  Lever  Wood^ 
Amer. ;  &)is  <tar,  Illinois. 

VI.  Co'RVLUS  L.  -  921 

The  Hasel.  —  Coudrier,  Fr.  ;. 
Haselnuss,  Gw.iNocdolo,  Ital. 

1.  ^vellana  L.        -  921 

Coudrier  Noisetier,  Fr. ;  Ha- 
setsrauch,  Nussbaum,  Ger. ; 
AveUano,  Noedoto,  Ital. ;  Anel" 
lano.  Span. 

VaHeties. 

A.  Botanical  Varieties. 

1  sylvdstris  Ait  -  9t?2 
C  Av^Kdna  Svensk., 

C.  sylvfstris  Bauh.  Pin. 

2  piimila  -  -  922 
C.  pkmUa  Lodd.  Cat 

3  heterophylla  -  922 
C.  heterophpUa  Lodd.  Cat. 
C.  ladnidta  Hort. 

C.  }irtie(fdUa  Hort. 

4  purpiirea  -         -  922 
C.  m(f:pdr(*a  Lodd.  Cat. 
C.  dlro-  purpiirea  Hort. 

B.  Varieties  cultivated  for 

their  Fruit. 

5  tubuldsa  -  -  922 
C.  tubuUsa  Wllld.  Abblld. 
C.m6*ima  Mill.  Diet. 

C.  sa^va  Bauh. 

C.  s.  rUbra  Ait. 

JZerf  JiU&rit,Hort.Soc.  Cat. 

Longbartnuss,    or    Ltun- 

bertsnuss,  Ger. 
NoiseUer  franc   ti  Frua 

ne.  Poll,  et  Turp. 
.     ,       Dsa  ilba      -  922 

C.  saOva  6lba  A\t. 

C.  A.  dtbahodd.  Ctit. 
WUteFObert,  Hort.  S.  Cat. 
Weisse  Langbartnust^Ger. 

7  crispa  Enc.  of  PL  923 
FrisxledFia>ert,T.M. 

8  tenuis  I,o<ic2.  Got.  923 
Thin-shelled,  or  Cosfont, 

Nut,  Pom.  Mag..  H.S. 

9  barcelon^nsis  -  -  923 
C.  saUva  gr&ndis  Bauh. 
C.  k.grandis  Lodd.  Cat. 
The  Cob  Nut,  the  Banre- 

lonaNut,  the  Doumton 
large  Nut,  Hort.  S.  C. 

2.  Colurna  L.  -     -  92.3 

C.  dyxan/lnaHerm.  Lugdh., 
AveUdna    pereyina     hktnii/» 


CONTENTS. 


li 


BmA.  Ftn.,  A .  fitmOa  ftmm. 
Am  Ch».    Hist.,  C.  arUrea 
Hart. :  le  Nitiselier  4e  BnoMte. 
Fr.;   ii^rzdiiiauiidhrtfinetetm, 
G«r. 

S  intermedia  -     -  923 
C  mternae^ia  I«odd.  Cat. 

3  arborescensFiJi^.  924 

3.  rostrata  JU.       -  925 

The  Cuckold  Hazel^C^y/- 
•tabis.  Ac.,  Grua.  Virg.;  C.  eor- 
'     Hort, 


4.  americ^na  JficAr.  925 

C.  mmeric^ma  kkmOis  Wang. 
Aner.:  Dvmrf    CttdaM.    Hut, 

Other  Specks.  —  C.  fSrox  JFaU. 
Fl.jU.&ar.  -        -925 

Gorryaceae. 

L  GA'RRYif  Dougl.    926 

1.  elliptica  DougL  -  926 

2.  iauriloiia  ^or/uT.    926 

Other  Smeciet  qf  G&rrpaL.—  G. 
UadliTf,     G.    macroph^lla, 
G.oidmiga,aBd  G.  ovAia,  arc 
io  Bentham't  Flan- 
-       -  W7 


Platcaidcecs. 
L  Pla'tanus  L.  -  927 

TiMFkne  Tree.  —  Plattme, 
Tr-i  PimtaituK,  G«r.;  Platano, 

1.  oriaitalis  X.  •    -  928 

VUtaxus     orientaiis      vera' 
Taii.Thctf  r.,  Du  Ham.  Arb.  : 
Ptalmatie  rOrient,  Fr.;  Ifor- 
falntfwdhrr  Ptatamus,  Ger.; 
2)BeA,  Anbic ;  CAmcr,  Periian. 

2  ocerifolia  y4i7.     -  928 
P.  0.  A'cerisfblio  Toar.C. 
P.  ^rrJJdUa  Willd.  Sp.  Fl. 
P.  imuhnidw  Hort. 
Msple-ieaced  Pkme  Tree. 

3  hup&zuca  -         -  927 
P.  hsepmuiea  Lodd.  Cat. 
^.  wtaeroph^Ua  Cree. 

i  cuneata  •  -  929 
P.  9.  mtdmldta  Ait.  H.  K. 
P.  €KW^Ia  Willd.  Sp.  PI. 

2.  ocddenaiis  L.     931 

V.aceMetUaiitMeu  pirgmien- 
«Bi  Park.  Tb«atr.,  Du  Ham. 
Aib.:BWCM-ircwirf,  JVater  Beech, 
re.  Cotton  Tree,  Amer.; 
de  yirghite,  Fr. 

I.  Liqcida'mbar  L.  932 

.liHwfctJi.  AVmMiA.:  Liquidam- 
Ur,  Fr.;  Jmiarbimm,  Ger. 

1.  St^Taciflua  X.    -  932 

UqwUimbar  Srbor  Pluk. 
Aka,  Mf»  HceriafiUo  Bail 
Mil:  Liftriimmhar  re'smeux, 
Ctpalme  4e  rAmMmte,  Liqui- 
dioHtar  Copal,  Fr.;  FUestender 
liiiftmhwiiii,  Ger.;  Sk/raee  li- 
^w4a,\taL 

2.  imberbe  Wi/M,  •  933 

I.  orieatmt  MiJLl>Jc..  ?  PM- 


CoiMif  oThntfdlto  Pocock  Itiner.,  '  tail —  E.  ipofygonoides  Pall. 
I..  imb^rhiM  Smith  In  Beet's  >  Boss. :  Ephedre  mmewe,£phe. 
Cyc  '  (/r^  de  Sibcrie,  Fr. 


OlAcr  Specfer.  —  L.  Altingiw 
Bhrnie  Bjdr.  (AUtKigU  excil- 
ta  Noronha  in  BtSav.  Ver- 
hand..  Pert.  Srn.,  Spreng. 
Syt.  Lambert't  Genut  Pimu ; 
Jjigman  papudman  Bumph. 
Herbar.  Ambojm.)         -  933 

i/LyricdcecB. 
I.  MYRi'ck  L.      -  934 

The  Candleberry  Mrrtle— 
Gal^,  Fr.;  Wachutratick,  Ger.; 
Min'ca,  Ital. 

1.  Gale  L.  -  -  934 
Sweet  Gale,  Sweet  Willow,  or 

Dutch  WUlow.—Gile  Rait  Syn., 
EJ^S^nm  Card.  Hitt.,  M^r/us 
brabantiea  Ger.  Emac,  BJt6s 
myrtijblia  bilgica  Bauh.  Pin., 
R.  SjfMstri*  altera  Dalech. 
Hitt.,  R.  eiflvtstris  Park.Thpat , 
M^riea  paUutris  Lam. :  Gnli, 
Ptmento  foyal,  Fr.,  gemeine 
Wachsatrauchy  Ger. 

2.  ceHfera  L,         -  935 

The  American  Candleberry 
Myrtle. —  M.  cer'tfera  angu$tifb- 
Ua  Alt.  Hort.  Kew.;  Sf^r^iu 
brabdnttea,  Ac,  Plak.  Aim. : 
Cfrier  de  la  Lotiisiane,FT.\  AU 
bero  detla  cera.  Ital. 

2  latifolia  Ait.  -    -  935 
ML  c.  media  Mlchx. 
M.  cttroHntiuis  WUld.. 
M.  pmntyivanica  Lam. 
BI.  c.  teutperv'tren*  Hort. 
lACrttu  brabSntiea  Cates. 

OFrirr  dePemughanicTr. 
Carolinisehcr  Wacha- 

atranck,  Ger. 

OlA^  Spncifff.— M.  ipathuKkta 
JVirA.  ifem.  Mua.    -     -  936 

II.  C0UPT0'N/i4  Sol.936 
Uemidumbar  Lin.  Sp.,  Mort- 
en Lin.  Hort.Clifr.,  Gale Petiv, 
Mua, :  C«mptone,Ft.\  Comptonie, 
Ger. 

1.  asplenifolia  Solan.  936 
Liquidumbar  ttaplenifblium 
Lin  Sp.,  L.  peregr)num  Lin. 
Sytt.,  Myrrca  Linn.  Hort  Cliff, 
Gile  martdaui  Petir.  Mui.,M^- 
tua  brabmUicte  tyfinia  Pluk. 
Phyt. :  the  aweet  Fern  BuaH, 
Amer. 

GnetaceoB. 

1.  J?'pnEDRA  L.    -  937 

l.disthchyalr.  -  937 
The  Greet  thmbby  Hortetail, 
or  Sea  Grape,  —  E'phedra  9ul- 
gdria  Bleb.  M&n.  Conif.,  Vot»- 
Momum  marinum  Ttbem.,  P. 
lamii/dlium,  ^c,  Bauh.  Pin.; 
H'phedra  marttima  nuijor  Tm. 
Intt.:  RaiaindeMer,  Ephedre 
maUiiflore,  Fr. ;  Zwej/akrigcr 
Rota  Sehteawt,  Ger. 

2.  monostuchya  L,    938 

The  Saull  SkiniUigr  Horte- 
c  % 


TaxdcecB, 
1.  Ta^xus  L,  -      -  939 

The  Yew 

1.  baccata  X.  -       -  939 

Toriif  No.  1663.,  HalL  Hist.: 
ff,  Fr. ;  Ifenbaum,  Ihenbautn, 
or  Eihenhatan,  Ger. ;  Taxo, 
Ital. ;  7mo,  Span. 

2  fkstigiaia   •         -  939 
T./oMtigidta  Llndl. 

T.  hih6rnica  Hook.,  Lodd. 
The  Florence  Yew. 
The  Irish  Yew. 

3  proc6tiibens        -  940 
T.  procimbena  Lodd.  Cat. 

4  erecta         -         -  940 

5  sparsifolia  Hnrt.    940 

6  foliis  varieg.  Lod.  940 

7  fructu  liiteo        -  940 

2.  (b.)canad6nsis  fr.942 

Trie  North  American  Yew. — 
T.  b.  mmor  Michx.  Bor.  Amer. 

3.  Hnrringtdnia  Kn.  942 

?  I&xua  macrophlfUa  Thunb., 
fPodocarvus  macrophyllus  Sw., 
Lamb.  2d  ed.,  Arb.  Brit.  Itt  ed. 

Other  Species  qf  Taxtts.  —  T. 
Mackftya  Pin.  Wob.,  T.  Inu- 
kdja  Kuighrt  Cat.,  T.  glo. 
bdta  SchUcht,        .         -  943 

II.  Torre'y^  Arn.    943 

T&xw  ap.  Nutt. 

1.  foxifolia  Arn,      -  944 

Taaua  montdna  Nutt.,  not  of 
WiUd :  Stinking  Cedar,  Florida. 

III.  Salisbu^r/j  S.  944 

Ginkgo  of  Ktempfer,  Liu- 
naeut,  and  others. 

1.  adiantifolia  Sntii/i  945 

The  Ginkgo  Tree Ginkgo, 

Gi»-an,  or  It^fo,  Kasmpf.  Am. ; 
Ginkgo  biloba  Lin.  Mant.  : 
Hoyer  du  Japan,  Arbre  nux 
quarante  E'cna,  Fr. ;  Albcro 
adianto,  Ital. 

Coyiiferte^  or  Find" 
cece. 

Tribe  I.    .^bie'tinjk. 

I.   Pl\NUSlr.-  -   950 

The  Pine.  —  Le  Pin.  Fr. ; 
Pichte,  Pynbaum,  or  Kiifer, 
Ger. ;  Pvnboom,  Dutch ;  Piyto, 
Ital.  and  Span.;  Pinu,  Anglo* 
Sax. ;  Ptnnua,  Welsh  ;  Peigne, 
Erse. 

§  i.    Bina.     Leaves  gettC' 
rally  2  in  a  aheath, 

A.  Kativea  qf  Europe. 

1.  sylvestris  L.       -  951 

The  Scotch  Pine,  or  Scotch 
Fir.  —  P.  r^bra  Mill.  Diet..  P. 
tytvtatris  eommvnia  Ait.  Hort 
Kew.,    ?  P.  Escariaa.   Jlistu  : 


lii 


CONTENTS. 


Pin  $auvage.  Pin  ^Eeoue,  Fr. ; 
gemeine  Fiihret  gem  fine  Ftekte, 
ArV/er,  Tanne,  and  65  other 
naniesy  which  are  given  in 
Hayne  Abhfid.,  Ger. ;  Pynboom., 
Dutch;  Pino  tulvati'cot  Ital. ; 
Pino  tjflpeslre.  Span. ;  F^re, 
Daa.  and  Swed. ;  Sosna^  rol., 
Boh.,  and  Ruu. 
Varieties. 

a.  Timber  Treet. 

1  vulgaris     -         -  952 

2  horizontalis         -  952 
P.  horizoitti'dis  Don  of  For. 
P.  sift.  var.  numtdna  Sang. 
The  Speyside  Pine^  Grig. 
The    red-wooded    Scotch 

Pine,  Sang. 
?  P.  Hkbra  Mill.  Diet 

3  uncinata    -         -  952 
Mai  Forest  Wild  Pine  H.S. 

4  haguendnsis       -  953 
Pin  de  HaguenaUt  Fr. 

5  rigensis     -         -  953 
Pin  de  Riga,  Deif.  Hist. 
Pin  de  Russie,  Pin  de  Md- 

turCt  Fr. 

Other  Timber  Tree  Fars.  963 

^  Varieties  curious  or  oma- 
mental, 

(f  genev6nsls  -        -  953 
Pin  de  Tartare,  Fr. 

7  monophflla  Hodg.95S 

8  scariosa      -         -  953 
P.  scaridsa  Lodd.  Cat. 

?  P.  squamosa  Bosc  Nour. 

9  intermedia  -  953 

10  altaica  Ledebour    953 

1 1  tortuosa  Don  ofF.  954 

2.  (s.)  numdio  //tnt.  955 
The  Moantain  Pine.  —  P. 
svlvfstrfs  montdna  y  Ait.  Hort. 
Kew. ;  P.  s.  hUmilis  y  Neal ;  P. 
hUmilit,  ^c.Toum.  Inst.,  Link 
Abhand. :  Pin  nain,  Freach ; 
KrumholZt  Ger. 

2  riibrsfolia  -         -  955 

3  Fischeri  Booth  -  955 

4  MUghus     -         .  955 
P.  s.  Mtkgho  Matt.  Cam, 
P.  montdna  Bauro.  Cat. 
P.  Milgho  Jacq.t  Poir. 

5  M.  ndna    -         -  956 
The  Knee  Pine  of  the  Sty- 

rian  Alps. 

Other  Varieties      -       -  9S6 

.3  Larfcio  Pair.       -  956 

The  Corsican  Pine P.  syl- 

nistris  t  maritima  Ait.  Hort. 
Kew.,  P.  maritima  ed.  2. :  Pi- 
nastro,  Pino  chiappino^  Ital. 

1  corsicilna      -      -  957 
Laricio  de  rile  de  Corse, 

Delainarre. 

2  subviridisM  Du  H.  957 

3  caramanica         -  957 
P.  caramdnica  Bote. 

P  .earamamfnsis  Bon  Jard . 
Laricio  de  Caramanift  ou 

del*  Asia  Mineure,  Dela- 

TOarre. 
?  V.  romdna  Lond.  H.  S. 

Gard. 

4  caUbrica    -         -  957 
Laricio  de  Moni  Sila  en 

Calabre,  Delamarre. 


5  austr)aca      -     -  958 
P.  austriaca  HSss. 
Laricio  d'Autriehe,  oude 
la  Hongrie^  Delainarre. 

Other  Varieties     -        -  958 

4.  (L.)  austTiacsLHoss  958 

The  black  Pine.  —  P.  nigri- 
cans Hort.,  P.  n/^r^aoowHort. : 
sehwartx  FShre,  Ger. 

5.  (L  )  Pallastflna  L.959 
The    Tartarian     Pine.  — P. 

taHrica  Hort ;  P.  tatdriea  in 
the  Hammersmith  Nursery  in 
1797.  P.  maritima  Pall.  Ind. 
Taur. :  naam  in  the  Tartar 
language. 

Varieties. 

Cones  straight  and 

short  -         -  960 

Cones      long  and 

crooked        -  960 

6.  (L.)  pyren^icalr.  961 
P.  hispdnica  Cook's  Sketches 

In  Spain,  "Pinaster  hisp&nica 
Roxas  di  San  Clenente;  P. 
pcnidllus  Lap. Hist,  des  PI.  des 
Pyrenees  ;  P.  halepinsis  miior 
Ann.  d'Hort.  de  Paris:  Pin 
Naxaront  Piupinceau,  Fr. 

7.  Pinaster  Ait,      -  961 

The  Cluster  Pine.  —  P.  ^y/- 
vistris  y  Lin.  Syst.  Reich.,  P. 
maritima  dttera  Du  Ham.  Arb., 
P.  maritima  N.  Du  Ham. ;  P. 
sGrtica  Thore  Prom,  sur  let 
C6tes  de  Gascogne,  P.  McU' 
foni&na  Lamb.  cd.  2. :  Pin  de 
Bordeaux,  Pin  des  Landes,  Fr. ; 
Pinastro,  lul. 

-2  Aberdont^p  G.M.  96.'} 
P.  P.  Escaren\uArb.Brit. 

3  hemoni^nus  -  963 
P.  Lemonikjui  Benth.  9C3 

4  minor  '  -  -  963 
V.  maritima  mlM.  N.D.H. 
Pin  Pinsot,  Pin  de  Mans, 

Pini  TYoehet,Fr. 

5  fdliis  variegatis  -  963 

6  maritimus  -  963 
Other  Varieties  .       -     963 

8.  Pinea  Z.  -        -  965 

The  Stone  Pine.— P.  saiha, 
P.  saava  Bauh.  Pin. ;  P.  do. 
mistica  Matth.  Comm. :  Pin 
Pipion,  Pin  bon.  Pin  cuUivi, 
Pm  Pinter,  Fr. ;  Geneissbere 
Fichte,  Ger. ;  Pino  daPinocchi, 
Ital. 

2  fragilis  N,  Du  H,  965 

3  erotica  Hort,      .  965 

9.  halepensis  Ait,   -  967 

P.  hierosolymitdna  Du  Ham. 
Arb.  ;  P.  maritima  prima  Mat- 
thiolus ;  Pin  de  Jirusaleme, 
Fr. ;  Pino  d' Aleppo,  Ital. 

2  minor        -         -  967 

3  maritima  -  -  968 
P.  maritima  Lamb.  Pin. 

4genu^nsis  •  -  968 
P.  genuhuis  Cook. 

10.  briittia  Ten.     -  968 
The  Calabrian  Pine P.ron- 

glomerdta  Grsffbr  PI.  Eulce; 
Kalabrisehe  Kiefer,  Ger. 


B.  KaHwes  (^  K*  America, 

11.  "Banksidna  L.       96.1 

The  Labrador  Pino P.  sfft- 

vistris  divaricdta  Ait.  Hort. 
Kew.,  P.  rupistris  Ms.  N. 
Amer.  Syl.,  P.  hudsdnica  L«n. 
Encyc. :  Scrub  Pine,  Hudson's 
Bay  Pine  :  Ypres,  Canada. 

12.  inops  Ait,         -  970 

The  Jersey  Pine.  — P.  vir^- 
nidna  Du  Rol  Harbk.  ed  Pott. : 
Pin  cketif,  Fr. 

13.  puneens  Michx,  971 

The  Table  Momtiain  Pine, 

14.  resinosa  Ait,     -  972 
The  red  Pine. — P.    riira 

Michz.  N.  Amer.  Syl.:  Ifdr^ 
iray  Pine,  Canada;  Yetiow 
Pine,  Nova  Scotia ;  le  Pin  rouge 
dc  Canada,  Fr. 

15.  mitis  Michx,    -  974 

The  yellow  Pine P.  vari" 

abilis  Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept. : 
?  P.  echindta  Mill.  Diet. :  New 
Yorh  Pine,  Spruce  Pine, 
Short-leaved  Pine,  Yelbno  Pine, 
Amer. 

16.  contorta  Doug,  975 

17.  turbinata  Bosc    975 


§  IL    Tematee, — Leaves  3  in 
a   Sheath, 

A.  Natives  qf  N,  Awicrica, 

18.  raeda  L.        -  976 

The  Loblolly  Pine.— P./uto* 
timis  Gron.  Virg.,  P.  virgi'. 
nidna  tenttifbUa  tripUcis  Pluk. 
Aim. :  Witttt'  Pine,  at  Peters- 
burg and  Richmond,  in  Vir- 
ginia. 

2  alopecuroidea  Ait.  976 

19.  rigid ji  Mill,       -  977 

The  Pitch  Pine P.  T<r^da 

a.  Polr.  Diet. :  f  Three-leaved 
Virpinian  Pine,  Sap  Pine, 
Black  Pine :  Pin  Mrisst,  Pin 
rude,  Fr. 

20.  (t,)  Fraseri  L.    979 

21.  (r.)  serdtinaiVfjr.979 

The  Pond  Pine ?  P.  TiafV« 

alopecuroidea  Ait.  Hort.  Kew. 
ed.  2. 

P.  variabilis  Lamb.  Pin.    •  980 

22.  ponderosaDoufT,  98 1 

23.  SabinwwflDousr.  982 
The  great  prickly-concd  Pine. 

2+.  (S.)  Co{ilteriD.  985 

The  great  hooked  Pine — ?  P. 
Sabin\kTM.  var.  Hort. ;  ?  P.  ma- 
croc&rpa  Lindl.  MSS. 

2  vera  -         -  985 

25.  australis  ^fx,  987 
P.  paUtstris  Willd.  Sp.  Pi., 
Pursh  Sept.,  I.iamb.  Pin.  ed.  1 . ; 
P.  americdna  palOstris,  &c.» 
Hort.  Angl.  Du  Ham.  Arb.» 
P.  serStina  Hort. ;  in  America, 
Long-leaved  Pine,  Yelloiv  Pine, 
Pitdk  Pine,  and  Broom  Pine, 
in  the  southern  states;  SpsKA- 
em  Pine  and  Bed  Pine,  in  tlM 


CONTENTS. 


lih 


r.  In  the  middle 
;  Georgia  POck  Pime  of 
tte  Eofliih  axxl  Wert  Indian 


P. 


-  988 
Boocb. 

86.  insfgnis  Doug.     988 

27.  calil'orniana  X.    989 

P.  momtere^huu  GwUfrojr. 
P.  adtmra  B<MC :  Pirn  de  Mtm- 
lots.  Boa  JanL  ed.  1837. 

28.  niiincatajDJ>o«987 


29.  toberailata  Don  990 

30.  nuliata  D.  JDon  990 


B. 


4^  JCcsnco* 


31.  TeocoU  S.  &  D.  991 
naeotraad  Oeafeof  tbeMexi. 

32.  patula  S.  4*  B.    992 
SfoliisstrietisjSiilA.  993 

33.  LUveana  8cb.     993 
P.  cembrSdn  Zacc  Flon: 

Ar   Afexwcai   Cambra,   Ttmxj 
Cjt. 


dw,  Penia,  Ckima,  and  Ana- 

Iratia, 

34).  canarieosis  Sm,  994 

?  P.  MftiMS  BOIC. 

35.  longifolia  Baxb.   996 

%.  GcTardisM  W.    998 

Theihoit-lcanred  Nepal  Pfne. 
"  P.  Ncdn  6oMJ»  :  eataUe- 
aeeM  ftw  of  the  East  Indies ; 
/  CMg^a  Etphinstone ;  tke 
Xeo*a  Pme,  Penny  Cyc. 

37.  smensb  Lamb.    999 
P.  ?Kesijai   RoaU^   P.  nr- 
paAmU   Fin.   WoU,    P.    Co. 
HorU 


38b  timorieiisis     -  1000 


§  iu.    Qidwe.  —  Leave$  5> 
rerel|r  4,*  in  a  Sheath. 


ike  SeaUa  tUek- 
foed  at  tke  Apex. 


a.  Katna^ 

39.  Hartwen  Ldl.  1000 

40.  Deronima  Ldl.  1001 
PiaeMeacn,  or  />.  real,  of  the 


41.  Russelluimi  L.  1003 

42.  MonteziinkrL.  1004 
The  roogh-hnncfaed   Mexi- 

<aB  Piae.  —  Vmm  oeddenidlt* 

Kanth  in    Hnnb.   eC   Bonpl. 

Xov.  Gen.  et  Sp.  PI.,  Deppe  in 

ScUeclic  Ltniuea. 

SLisdl^yt  .  1004 

43.  macrophyilaL.  1006 
44  PlKtido.&robu8  1008 

Tte  Faiae  Wemmomtk  Piae. 


43.  filifblla  LbuS.     1008 


46.  Idophylla&Ai/.  1011 

Oeote  ckinohi  Mexica 

47.  oodirpa  Schd.    1012 
?odcarpoides^<ni/A.1013 

48.  apalcensiB  LdL  1014 

p.  acofokhuie  G.  Don  in 
Sweet  Hort.  Brit.  ed.  8. 

bi  NaUwa  ttftke  West  ladieM. 

49.  occidentalis  S.  1015 

p.  fklii*  qaimis^  ftc..  Plum. 
Cat.,  LihriM  americdna  Tooni. 
Inst.:  dcote, Mexican. 

B.  Cenn  with  the  Scaia  not 
tkieieaed  ai  tke  Apex, 

a.  Natifet  ^  Europe  amd  5/- 
beria, 

50.  Cendfra  L.      -  1016 
p.  JJHiit  9«hiA,  Ac,  Gmel. 

Sib.;  P.  aatiwa  Amm.  Ruth.; 
P.  jyM«fris,  ftc,  Bauh.  Pin. ; 
P.  tyhittriM  Ctobro  Cam. 
EpiL ;  Lafix  tempervirens, 
ftc,  Breyn.  in  Act.  Nat.  Cur. 
Cent. ;  rimmtter  Aleito,  &c., 
Bell.  Conifer.;  T^x'da  Arbor, 
C^mbro  Ilaidrum,  Dale  Hlit. : 
ApkemousU  Piae,  Jhe4ea»ed 
Ptaxt  tke  Siberian  Stone  Pine, 
tke  Stpiu  Stone  Pine:  Arolea 
In  Savoy;  AMea  in  Switzer- 
land ;  Ctmbra  in  Daophln§ ; 
Ceinbroi^  Bouwe,  Tinier,  Fr. ; 
Znrbelkitfer,  Get. ;  Pino  Zim* 
bro,  Ital. ;  Kedtt  Rum. 

1  sibirica    -         -  1016 
P.  C^brmXcML  Cai. 
Kedr,  Fall. 

Cedar  of  some  authors. 
Sibnian   Stone  Pine,   or 
Siberian  Cedar. 
Spygnue'^a-         -  1016 
P.  C.  p^miia  Pall.  Ross. 
Stanex,  Russ- 

3  belv^tica  Lodd,    1016 
b.  Nativeg  qf  Nortk  Awteriea. 

51.  5tr6bu8  L.     -  1018 

The  WcTmouth  Pine P. 

JoUie  qakaU,  %e.,  Gron.  Virg. ; 
F.  eanadhuis  quingwtfdlia  Dn 
Ham.  Arb.,  P.  wrgtnidna  Pink. 
Aim.,  lArix  canadtneis  Team. 
Inst. :  Netp  Enxtand  Pine, 
wkiU  Pine,  Pnmpkin  Pine,  Ap- 
pie  Pine,  Saplin  Pine,  Amer. ; 
Pin  dm  Lord,  Pin  du  Lord 
Weymomik,  Fr. 

2  ilba  HorU         -  1018 

3  brevifolia  HarL  1018 

4  compr^ssa  Booth  1018 
P.  S.  nima  Lodd.  Cat. 
Plaetbeck  Weymouik  Pine. 

52.  (iSitr.)   LambertMTza 
Doug.      -        -  1019 

The  g^anUc  Pine. 

53.  (&)  monticola  1021 

TV  skort-leaved  Weymamtk 
Piae. 

e.  Nalkreiqf  Nepal  and  Mexico. 

54.  (5.)  excelsa  W.  1022 

I      The  Bnotan  Pine.  —  P.  Dick- 
I  jdnU  Mart,  s  CkiUa,  or  CkgUa, 
e  3 


HImaUifas ;  Kmel,  Sinnone  and 
Gurfawal;  Lenuking,  Bhotea; 
Baetula,  or  King  qf  tke  Firt, 
Uindostan. 

55.  AyacahvUe  Ehr.  1023 
PiHoae$.  It  is  so  called  be- 
cause it  was  believed  that  the 
Ayacsbuite,  the  aboriginal  name 
of  tills  species,  had  originated 
in  P.  Pillooes  (P.  LUvedna). 

II.  i^'BiEs  D.  Don  1025 
The  Spruce  Fir.  — PhiM  of 
Lin.  and  others,  inaart:  Vieea 
Link  in  Abhand.  l^lg.  Akad. 
Wissens.  Berlin,  1827 ;  A'Aies 
of  Toum.,  Hill.,  and  others,  ns 
partf  Tieea  of  the  ancients: 
St^im  Meeay  Fr. ;  Fickten- 
bawM^  Ger. ;  Abete,  Ital.  ; 
AbieiOt  Span. 

§  L  Leaves  tetragonal,  awl- 
shapedi  Mattered  in  in- 

MTQOa. 

A.  Natives  (f  Europe  and  tke 
Ctuteanu. 

I.  exc^lssL  Dec,    •  1026 

The  Norway  Spruce  Fir.— 
A.  commknis  Hortv,  A.  Picea 
Mill.  Diet.,  Pima  A^bies  Lin. 
So.  PL,  PfaHu  Pfora  Du  Rol 
Harbk.  ed.  Pott.,  P.  excOta 
Lam.  Fl.  Fr.  ed.  1.,  Fief  a  vuU 
gdrii  Link  in  Abhand. :  com- 
num  Spruce,  Prussian  Fir: 
faux  SapiH,  E'picea,  Sapin- 
Pesse,  Sermte,  Saptn  gentii. 
Finesse,  Fr.  ;  L^flr,  in  the 
Vosges ;  gemeitu  rotke  Tonne, 
gemetne  riekie,  Oer. ;  Pevso, 
Abete  di  Oermauia,  or  di  Nor- 
vegia,  Ital. 

1  commiinu  -  1026 
WUte  Fir  ttf  Norway. 

2  nigra  ».  .  1026 
Bed  Fir  qfNonsag. 

dcaipiUica-  -  1027 
A.  CMTiSlica  Hort. 

4  p^ndula  -  -  1027 
A.  iiouui^UsIS ptndaia  B. 

5  f;511is  yaric^tU    1027 

6  Clanbrasiltana      1027 

7  Clanbr.  ttricta     1027 

8  pygmia'a-  -  1027 
A.  fi^iMS  Hort.  Soc.  Gard. 
A.  il^ams  Smith  of  Ayr. 

9  tenuifolia  -  1027 
A.  iemtifbUa  Sm.  of  Ayr. 

10  gigantda  -        -  1027 
A.  gigamtea  Smith  of  Ayr. 

11  xnonstrdM         -  1027 
A.  monstrdsa  Hort. 

12  mucroniu  BoH,  1027 


Otker  Varieties 


1097 


2.  orieutalis  Tovm.  1029 
PbiM  orient^'s  Un.  Sp.  PI., 

Lamb.  Pin.  ed.  3.;  Vioea  ori^ 
entiUis  Link  &  Steven  in  Bull. 
Soc.  Nat.  Mof . 

3.  obovata  D,  Don  1029 
Yioea  obovdta  Led.  Icon.  PL 

Fl.  Ross. 

B.  NaiisesqfNortk  America. 

4.  UbaJI^^.      -  1030 

Pimif  klba  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.. 


liv 


CONTENTS. 


P.  laxa  Ehrh.  Beltr.,  P.  cana- 
dhui»  Du  Roi  Harbk.,  A.  cur- 
vifdlia  Hort.  :  smfLle  Spruce, 
Amer. ;  Epinette  blanche.  Ca- 
nada ;  Sapinette  blancke,  r  r. 
2  nana  Dickson  -  1030 
Other  Varieties  -        -  1030 

5.  nigra  Poir.        -  1031 
Tinus  nifira  Ait.  H.  K.,  P. 

man'dna    Ehr.    Beyt.,    A'bies 
maridna  WaDgh.  Beyt. :  double 
Spruce;  noire  Epinette,  Epi' 
nette  d  la  Biere,  Canada. 
Varielies       -       -       -  1031 

6.  (n.)  rubra  Poir.   1032 
The  Newfoundland  Red  Pine. 

—  P.  americdna  ribra  Wangb. 
Beyt.,  ¥inut  ritbra  Lamb.  Pfn., 
Fursh  Sept. ;  A^bies  pectindia 
Lam. 

2  csrulea   -         -  1032 
A.  aerilea  Booth. 

C.  Natives  qf  Nepal. 

7.  Khutrow  -        -  1032 
A.  Smithikasi  Arb.  Brit.  1st 

ed.,  Phiia  Khtitro  RoyU  III,, 
?  V'mtLS  Smith\ktk%  WaU.  PL  As. 
Bar.,  JCbies  Sm/MUkna  Lindl. 
Pen.  CffcL,  A.  Morinda  Hori. : 
Rofiaj  or  Raggoe,  in  the  Parbu- 
tee  language. 

VaHeties        -       -       -  1033 

§  ii.     Leaves  flat,  generally 
glaucous  beneath^  impef' 
fectly  2-rowed. 
D.  Natives  qf  North  America. 

8.  Dougl^a  Lindl.  1033 
The  tndent-bracted  Spruce 

Fir.  —P.  tax(fblia  Lamb.  Pin.. 
Purih  Fl.  Amer.  Sept. :  A. 
calt/Smia  Hort. ;  Thuu  Dou- 
gld$\i  Sabine  MSS.,  Lamb.Pin. : 
the  Nootka  Fir,  Smith  in  Reel's 
Cvcl. 
'2faxifolia  -         -  1033 

9.  Menziesa  Doujr.  1034 

The  warted-branched  Spruce 
Fir.  — Ptntw  MensuesH  Lamb. 
Pin. 

10.  canadensis  Mx,  1035 

The  Hemlock  Spruce  Fir. — 
P.  eanadinsis  Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  P. 
americdna  Du  Rot  Harbk., 
Smith  in  Rcca's  Cycl. ;  A^bies 
americdna  Marsh.  Arb.  Amer. : 
Perusse  by  the  French  in  Ca- 
nada ;  Sapin  du  Canadat  Fr. ; 
SJtierlrng*  Fichte,  Ger. 

E.  Native  qf  Nepal. 


11.  dumosa 


-  1036 


Vlnus  dumbsa  Lamb.  Pin., 
iCbies  Brwum\hn;i  Lindl.  in 
Pen,  Cycl.,  P.  decidua  Wall. 
MSS,.P.  BrunoiAknvi  WalLPl. 
As.  liar. 

Other  Species  of  Kbics.  —A. 
MertentrdiM  Bong..  A.  sitch- 
ftosis  Bong.,  A.  trig^na,  A. 
heteroph^lTa,  A.  arom&tica, 
A.  mlcroph^'Ila,  A.  obliqudu, 
and  A.  fnlciita,  A.  hirtglla 
Jlumbff/dt  el  Kunlh,  A. 
Kxuipfferii  Thunb.,  if.Thun. 
b^rgii  Thunb.,  i^.Jtfdi-n/Sieb., 


A.  Torino  Sleo.,  A,  Arardigi 
Sieb.        •  -         -  1036 

III.  Pi'cEA D.Don  1036 
The  SlWer  Fir.  —  PHm«  Lin. 
in  part ;  Tinus  sect.  "Peiice  D. 
Don  in  Lamb.  Pin.;  A'bies  Lk., 
Neet  Ton  Esenbeck,  and  Lede- 
bour  ;  fiibies  Du  Roi,  in  part : 
Sapin,  Fr. ;  Tannen,  Ger. 

A.  Natives  qf  Europe,  Siberia, 
and  the  North-west  qf  Asia. 

1.  pectinata    -    -  1037 

Kbiesof  Pliny,  Vlntis  Vicea 
Litt.  Sp.  PL,  P.  A'bies  Du  Roi 
Harbk.,  A' 6tWa^  Mill.  Diet., 
A.  Tixi/blio  Tourn.  Inst.,  A. 
vulgdris  Poir.  Diet.,  A.  pecti' 
nita'Dec  Fl.  Fr.,  A.tnxifdUa 
Hort.  Par.,  A.  Pi  era  Lind.  in 
Penn.  Cyc.,  A.  aedlsa  Link 
Abhand.  &c :  Spanish  Fir :  Sa- 
pin commmi,  Sapin  d  FeuiUes 
d'^f,  Sapin  bkmc,  Sapin  argentf, 
Sapin  en  Peigne,  Sapin  de  Nor~ 
mandie,  Fr.  -jVeiss  Tonne  Edel- 
tanne,  Ger.;  Abete  argentino, 
Ital. 

2  tortuosa  Booth     1037 

3  fdliis  variegatis    1037 

4  cinerea    -         -  1037 
PlfMM  V\cea  cinerea  B.  C. 

2.  (p.)  cephalnnica  1039 
A  bies  eephaUniea  Arb.  Brit. 

1  ed..  A.  iatlfdUa  Hort.,A.  Lus- 
combeiXiA  Hort. :  Koukounaria 
and  Elatos  in  Cephalonia; 
Mount  Enos  Fir, 

3.  (p.)  Piwapo    -  1041 

Kbies  Pinsapoj/oiMi'^n*  in  Bibl. 
Univ.  de  GenC've :  Mount  Atlas 
Cedar,  Dec.  MSS. 

4.(p.)Nordmannianal042 
Piitatf  NordmasmMMSk  Stev. 

5.  (p.)  Pichta  -    -  1043 
Tlnus  Pichta  Lodd .  Cat.1836 ; 

P.  sibikrica  Hort.;  A  bies  sibiri- 
caLedebour  Icon.  PI.  Fl  Ross., 
Lind.  in  Penny  Cyc;  A.  Pichta 
Fischer :  Pichta,  Russ. 

B.  Natives  qfN.  America. 

6.  bals£imea   -     -  1044 

The  Balm  of  Gilead,  or  Ame- 
rican, Silver  Fir — Plnus  bal- 
sdmea  Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  P.  JCbies 
balsdmea  Marsli.  Arb.  Amer., 
J^bies  Thxi  fdtio,  ^.,  Hort. 
Angl.,  A.  balsaminea  N.  Du 
Ham.,  A.  balsam^fera  Michx. 
N.  .\mer.Syl. :  Balsam  Fir  :  le 
Baume  de  GtKad,  le  Sapin  Bau- 
nUer  de  Giliad,  Fr.;  Balsam 
Fichte,  Balsam,  Tonne,  Ger.; 
PifU)  balsamifero,  Ital. 

2  longfolia  Booth    1044 

7.  (b.)  Fr^seri     -  1044 

The  doubleBalsamSilverFIr 

V\nus  Frdseri  Pursh  Ft.  Amer. 
Sept.,  Lamb.  Pin.;  ^bies  Frd- 
teri  Lind.  in  Penn.  Cyc. 

C.  Natives  qf  California. 

8.  gr4ndis    -       -  1045 

Tinus  grSndis  Doogl.  MSS 
Lamb.  Pin.;  Kbies  grdndis 
Lindl.  in  Penny  Cycl.:  the  great 
Califomian  Fir. 


9.  am&bilis    -      -  1046 
PiniM  amdbilis  Doug.  MSS. 

10.  nobilis     .       -  1047 
ThclarffP-bracted  SilverFir. — 

Pmttf  nobilis  Doug.MSk,  Lamb. 
Pin.,  A.  nobilis  Lindl.iu  Penny 
Cycl. 

11.  bracte^ta        -  1048 

V'mus  bractedta.D. T>onlnlAn. 
Trans.,  Lamb.  Pin.;  P.  veniisla 
Doug,  in  Comp.  to  Bot.  Mag. 

D.  Nativesqf  Mexico. 

12.  religiosa         -  1049 
Vinns    religidsa   Humb.   et 

Kunth  Nov.  Gen.  et  Sp.  PI^ 
Schlede  et  Deppe  In  Schlecht. 
Linnaea;  JCbies  religidsa  JAadL 
in  Penny  Cycl. 

13.  hirt^lla    -      -  103O 
Kbies  hirUUa  Lindl.  in  Penny 

Cycl.,  FiMiM  hirtilla  Humb.  et 
Kunth. 

E.  Natives  qfNepai. 

14.  Webbwna       -  1051 

Tinus  WebbiUnaJValL  in  LOt., 
Lamb.  Pin.  ed.  2.;  T.spectdbOu 
Lam.  Monog.;  Kbies  fVebbiixia. 
Lindl.  in  Fenny  Cyc,  Royle 
Illust.:  ChUrow,anAthePonmm., 
or  Purple-ooned  Fir,  in  the  Hi- 
malayas. 

13.  Pindrow        -  1052 

TheTooth-leavcdSilverFIr.  — 
PmiwPindrow  Movie  Ill.,Lamb. 
Pin. ;  ToxM  LamberAkns,  WalL 
Cat.  i  Pindrow,  and  sometimes 
Morinda,  in  the  Himalayas. 

16.  ndphtha  Hort.  1053 

IV.  La'rix  Tourn.  1053 
The  Larch. —  Vinus  Lin.  and 
others  ;  Kbies  Ricli. ;  MeUxe, 
Fr. ;  I^rchenbaum,  Ger.;  La^ 
rice,  Ital. 

1.  europasa  Dec.     1053 

Ttnus  lArix  Lin.  Sp.  PL: 
Kbics  Lin.  Hort.  Cliff. ;  lArd 
decidua  Mill.  Diet. ;  "Ldrixjblio 
deciduo.  Sfc.,  Bauh.  Hist ;  Vdrix 
Bauh.  Pin. ;  Kbies  Larie  Lam. 
IlIusL  ;  Melixe  commune,  Fr. ; 
Lorche,  Lorcher-Fichte,  gemei- 
ner  Lerchenbaum,  Terbentrn- 
baum,EuropaischeCeder,  Ufeiss- 
er  Lerchenbaum,  Ger. 

1  commiinisjLavs.  1054 

2  laxa  Laws.       -  1054 

3  compucta  £cr}t'9.  1054 

4  p^ndula  jCatof .      1054 

GodsallA'G.M.  -      1054 
rdpcns  Laws.    -      1054 

5  flore  rubro^.  T.1054 

6  flore  k\ho     -     -  1054 

7  sibirica    -        -  1054 
L.  sibirica  Fisch. 
?  L.  archangiliea  I^n's. 
L.  rdssica  Lab.  in  Hort. 

Soc.  Gard. 
Tinus  Ldrix  sibirica  Lod. 
The  Russian  Larch, 

8  dahurica     -      -  1055 
L.  dahUrica  Laws.  Man. 


CONTENTS. 


9  intenn^dia  -  1055 
L.  intermUia  Lawt.  Man. 
¥mms  intermedia  Lod.  Ct. 

Other  VarietUt    -       -  10» 

2.  americana  Mx,   1056 

PiitM  lar^rma  Du  Roi  Harbk. 
ed.  Pot.,  P.  microcarpa  Willd. 
Baam. ;  A^  hie*  nueroodrpaFcir.: 
Hackmataekt  Amvr.iTamaraek, 
br  the  Dutch  in  New  Jersey ; 
RpmeOe  rouge  in  Canada. 

J  rubra       .         -  1056 

L.  microcdrpa  Laws. 

Thua  microcarpa  Pursh 

E*tnnette  rouge,  Canada. 
S  pendula  -         -  1056 

L.  pSnduia  Laws.  5Ian. 

Ymuspinduia  Ait  Hort. 

P.  intermedia  Du  Rol  Hk. 

P.  Lir/jr  nigra  Marsh. 

A'biei  pindmia  Poir.  Diet. 

Tamaraek,  Amer. 

S  prolifera  -  1056 

L.  proUfera  Malootm. 

V.  Ce'drus  Bear.  1057 
The  Cedar.  — Pimw  Lin.  m 
part  i  A^biet  Poir.  in  part^  LA- 
rie  Tourn.  in  pari :  Cedre,  Fr. ; 
Ceder,  Ger. ;  Cedro,  lul. 

1 .  Libani  Barr,    -  1057 
VinuM  Cidrut  Lin.  Sp.  PI.; 

P.  Jhlii$  faedcnUttit,  &c^  Du 
Roi  Harbk.  ed.  Pott. ;  tirie 
Cedrta  MiU.  Diet. ;  Ldrrx  ori- 
cntdiis  Tourn.  Inst.;  Cednu 
maf[na  Dod.  PempL;  C.  co" 
ni/cra  Baub.  Pin. ;  C.  pkeei^eca 
Renealm  Sp. ;  Cedrus  Bell. 
It. ;  Abiet  Cedrus  Poir  Diet. 
EncTC. 

2  folia  arg^teis     1058 

3  Dana      -  •  1059 

2.  Deodara  Roxb.   1059 
The  Indian  Cedar Vlnut 

D%odira  Lamb.  Pin.,  A'biet 
DeodAraLm^.  in  Penny  Cyc. : 
Devadara,  or  Deodara,  Hln- 
dostanee ;  the  sacred  Indian 
Fir. 


Varieties 


1C59 


VL  Arauca'biaJ.  1061 

Euiassa  Sal..  Colombia  Sal., 
DombegK  Lamb.f  Ctmritnu 
Forst :  tbe  Southern  Fine. 

1.  imbricata  Pav.    1062 

The  Chili  Pine A.  Dombiyi 

Rich.  Mhn.  sur  let  ConiJ.,  P>- 
nmt  Arauedria  Mol.  Sag.  sulla 
Stor.  NaL  del  Chill,  Colombia 
emadrifbria  Sallsb.  in  Lin. 
Trans.,  Bombiyz.  chiUnsig 
"Lam.  Encyc:  Fino  de  Chili, 
Span. ;  Feghuen  in  the  Andes ; 
Str  Jo$ephJBank9's  Fine. 

Other  Species  ef  Aramdtria, — 
A.  brasiliftna  Rich.,  A.  ex- 
c&sa  Ait.^  and  A.  Cunning, 
himii  Ait.,  are  half-hardy 
species  which  are  figured  and 
described  in  first  edition. 

VIT.   CUNNINGHA^M7i<. 
Films  Lamb.,  BiUs  Satisb. 

1.  sinensis  Bich,  -  1065 

The    6ro«Lleaved     Chinese 

Fir — Belis  iacultfdlia  SaUsU, 


!  In  Lin.  lYans.,  F2na»  laneeo- 
Idta  Lamb.  Monog.,  Cunm'ng' 
hdnda,  lanceoldta  K.  Br.,  Arau- 
edria laneeoldta  Hort, 

D^MMARA       orientalis 
Lamb.      -        -  1066 

Tribe  II.    CaPRE'ssiif.s. 

VIII.  TkiUJAi.     1068 

The  Arbor  Vitse — TMeya,  or 

Arbre  de  rift    f «"•  ;    Lebens- 
baum,  Ger. ;  T\^a,  Ital. 

§  i.  TAi^Vs  vera. 

1.  occidentalis  L,    1068 

The  American  Arbor  Vitse. 
—  Thi^a  TheophrisA  Bamh. 
Fin.,  A'rbor  VtUe  Clus.  Hist. : 
wMte  Cedar.  Amer.,  Cidre 
amtrieain,  Cedre  blanc,  Arbre 
de  Vie,  Fr. ;  gemeiner  Lebens- 
baum,  Ger. ;  Aibero  de  Ftta. 
Ital. 

2  variegata  Marsh.  1069 
T.  o.fbUit  variegatis  Lod. 

2.  (o.)  plicata  Bonn  1069 
Nee*s  Arbor  Vitw. 

3.  cK\\^iisv&  Lamb.  1070 
Cuprissus    thtfoides     Pavon 

MSS. 

§  ii.  Bidta. 

4.  orientklisZr.    -  1070 

The  Chinese  Arbor  ViUe. 

2  stricta  Hort.     -  1070 
T.  pyramiddlit  Baum. 

3  tatirica   -         -  1070 
T.  tat&ruM  Lod.  Cat. 

T.  WarekDSi  Booth  Cat. 

§  iii.    Cyparina. 

Tender  Spedes.  —  T.  cupres- 
soldes  L.,  T.  p£nsilis  L.   1071 

5.  pendula  Zram^.  1071 
?T.JUif6rmis  Lodd.,  ?J«. 

niperusfiagdiifbrmis  Hort. 

Other  Species.  —  T.  filir6rmi8 
Lodd.  {?T.p(ndula  Lamb.), 
r.  dolabrita  L.      -       -  1071 

IX.  Ca'llitris  V.  1072 

Thi^d,  part  qf,  Lin. ;  Fresni- 
Oa  MirbetMhn.  Mu*. 

1.  quadriv41visF(pn.  1072 

Th^a  articuiiUa  Dcsf.  All. 
Arb.  et  Arbrlss.,  Cuprissus  ar- 
tieuldta  Pin.  Wob. 

Other  Species  of  CaUtiris — C. 
Fotherglllt  (?  Cvprissus  Fo. 
thcrgUa),  C.  triquetra  (C«. 
prissus  triquetra  Lodd.  Cat. 
1836),  C  cupressif6rmisf>nf., 
C.  macrostachya  Hort.     1072 

X.  Cupbe'ssus  L,  1073 

The  Cypress — Cypris,  Fr. ; 
Qfpresse,  Ger. ;  Cipresso,  Ital. ; 
Ciproste,  Port.;  Qypros,  Hun- 
gajrian. 

I.  sempenrirens Zr.  1073 

The  common  Cypress.  — •  C. 
ponanidAlis  Hort.,  ?  C.  fas- 
dgOta  Hort.  &  Pin.  Wob.: 
(hfpris  mrramidal,  Cppris  or- 
duudrst  Fr. ;  gemeine  Cypres- 
c  4 


senbaum,  Ger. :  the  Italian  Cy- 
press. 

1  stricU  MiU.  Z>ieL  1073 
Cyres  male,  Fr. 

2  horizontalis  Afi^.  1073 
C.  horixonidUs  N.  Du  H. 
C.  expdnsa  Hort.  Par. 
Cipresso  femino,  Ital. 

2.  %dides  L.     -  1074 
The  White  Cedar.  —  TAit/a 

sphanxAddlis   Rich.  Mkm.  sur 
Conif. :  Cypres  Jau*  Thi^a,  Fr. 

2  foliis  variegatis    1075 

3  nana  Hort.         -  1075 

3.  lusitanica  7bum.l075 

The  Cedar  of  Goa — Cglaika 
Brot.  FI.  Lus.,  C.  pfndula 
L'H^rit.  Stirp.  {«fov.:  Cedar  ^ 
Bussaeo  ;  C.pfndula  Thunb., 
Lamb.  Pin.,  is  supposed  to  be  a 
dilTerent  plant. 

4.  toniloMa  Letmb,    1076 
The  Bhotan  Cypress. 

5.  pendula  Thunb.    1076 
Fi-moro,  K«mpf.  Amcen. 

Other  Kinds  qf  Cuprfssus^  some 
of  which  have  been  introduced, 

but  qf  which  little  is  known 

C.  borixontilis  Audtbert,  C. 
thurifera  U.  B.  et  K.,  C. 
TouroefdrUI  Audibert,  C. 
baccUSrmis  Willd.,  C.  aus- 
trilis  Fers.,  C.  «abinbldes 
H.  B.  et  K.,  a  Coult^rji  Pin. 
Wob.  (?C.  thurifera  H.  B. 
ot  K.),  C.  fastiaiata  Hort.Fin. 
Wob.,Gard.  Mag.  {Juiuperus 
/astigidta  Hort.)   .       .  1077 

XL  Taxo  DiuM  B.  1077 

The  deciduous  Cypress.— 
Cupr€ssus  L.,  SchubtrtiaMirb,, 
CondylocArptts  Salisb. 

1.  dlstichum  Bich.  1078 
Csmr^snu  disticha  Lin.  Sp. 
PI.,  Pursh  Flor.  Amer.  Sept , 
C.  atnericdna  Cat.  Carol.,  C. 
virginidna  Comm.  Hort., 
Schub6rt\ai  disticha  Mirb.  :  bald 
Cypress,  Cypress,  Amer. ;  Cy- 
pres dtauve,  Fr.  ;  Z^eyxeil^e 
Cypresse,  Ger. ;  Cipresso  gag- 
gia,  Ital. 

1  patens  Ait  Hart  1078 

2  nutans  AU.       -   1078 
T.  d  phtduia  ]>oud.  H.  B. 

3  excelsum  Booth    1078 

4  sin^nse    -         -  1078 
T.  sinhue  Noisette. 

5  pendulum        -  1078 

T.  stnhuepbnduhtmHoTt. 

Other  Species  qf  Taxbdhtm.'^ 
T.  semperrlrens  Lamb.  1080 

XII.  JUNI^PERUSL.  1080 
The  Juniper.— SaMxaBauh.; 
Cedntt  Tourn. :  Genivrier, 
Fr. ;  Waehholder,  Ger. ;  Gine- 
pro,  Ital. 

§  L  Oxjctdri.  —  Leaveg 
tprtading  in  the  adult 
Blants.  D.  Dun. 

A.  Natives  qf  Europe. 

1.  communis  L.    -  1081 

I     J.  vulgaris,  ftc..  Bail  Syn.  i 


Ivi 


CONTENTS* 


J.  minor  Fuchs  Hist. :  Genith- 
rirr  comrman.  Ft.  j  gememer 
fVadikolder^  G«r. ;  Qmejtro 
merOt  Ital. 

1  vulgsLris  Park.  T.  I08I 
J.  v.fruHeota  Bauh.Pin. 
J.  c.  ericu's  Furih  Flor. 

Amer.  Sept. 

2  su^ica  AH.  Hort.  1081 
?  J.  e.fastigiita  Des  Mou. 

lin'i  Cat.  d«  Pl&ates  de 

la  Dordogne. 
J.  stricta  Hort. 
J.  tuScica  Mill.  Diet. 
J.  vulgdrit  arbor  Bauh. 
TAe  Tree  Juniper. 

.)  nkaa  Wittd.  Sp.  1081 

J.  comm&nu  fi  FI.  Br. 

J.  c.  saxatiiis  Pall.  Rots. 

J.  alp'ma  Rail  Syn. 

J.  aipina  minor  Ger. 

r.   minor   i»oni<)iia,   ^c, 
Bauh.  Pin. 

J.  nana  Smith  Engl.  Flor. 

J.  Mt'birica  Hort. 

J.  d'ditrica  Hort.  &  Booth. 

J.  c.  montdna  Alt.  Hort. 
Kew. 
4obl6nga  -         -  1082 

J.  obUhtga  Hort. 

5  p^ndula  -         -  1082 

6  canadensis  -  1082 
J.  eoTuuKtuis  Lodd«  Cat. 

7  depr^ssa  Pursh    1082 
OiAer  VarietU*  -       -  1082 

2.  Oxycedrus  L.  -  1083 
The  brown-berried  Juniper. 

—  J.  mi^or  Cam.  Epit.  (  J.  m. 
monspetiinnum  Lob.  Ic. :  J. 
phcenicea^  S[C.^  J.  Bauh.  Hist. ; 
J.  mHjor^  ^c,  C.  Bauh. ;  Ce- 
dnu  phoaniee^  Matth.  Valgr.i 
Oxficedrus  Clua.  Hiit.;  O. 
phoentcea  Dod.  Pempt. :  ike 
Prickly  Cedar :  le  Cade,  Fr. ; 
Spanische  IVaeAkoUeri  Ger. ; 
Cedro  Fenieio,  Ital. 

2  taurica  J7orf.     -  106S 

3.  macrocirpa  S.      1083 

?  J.  Oxpcednu  var. ;  J.  mdJoTt 
baeed  eairtUed,  Toum.  Init. 

B.  Native  qf  Aaia. 

4*.  drup^cea  Lab,      1084 

The  large-firuited  Juniper. — 
J.  m{^ior  BelloD  Oba. 


C.  Native  qfN.  America. 

5.  virginiana  L,    -  1084 

The  Red  Cedar.  —  J.  m^/or 
americdna  Rail  HUt. ;  J. 
mdtnma,  Ac.t  Sloan  ;  Ginepro 
di  Virginia. 

2  hikmilis  Zodi.  C.  1084 

3  caroliniana       -  1084 
J.    carotrnidna  Du  Roi 

MiU.  Diet. 

Other  Varietiea    -       -1084 

Other  Speciet  of  Jmupena.-~ 
J.  bermudiiLna  Z.  ana  J.  ne- 
palfensia  Hort.  {CuprSssus  ne- 
paihuis  Hort.)  areaescrlbed  in 
our  first  edition. 

§  ii.  Sabinte,  —  Leaves  of 
the  advU  Plant  imbri- 
cated,   D.  Don. 

A.    Nali»e$  qf  Europe. 

6.  SMnBL     -        -  1085 

The  common  Savin. — Sabine, 
Fr. ;  stinkender  Waekhotder, 
Ger. ;  Planta  daunata  and 
Cipresso  de*  ^fj^hi,  Ital. 

1  cupres^folia  ./^t^^.  JC 
J.  hisitdniea  Mill.  Diet. 
Sabhta  Dod.  Pempt. 

La  Sabine  mAif,  Ft. 

2  /amariscifdlia  Ait, 
J.  Sabina  Mill.  Diet. 
LaSabbte/emeile. 

3  fdliifl  vanegitia  Mart. 

4  prostrita  *  1086 
JT.  prostrcUa  Mx.; 

J.  ripens  Nutt. 

J.  kudsdnica  Lodd.  Cat. 

5  alplna     -  -  1086 
J.  alphta  Lodd.  Cat. 

7.  phoenicea  If.     -  1087 

Cidrtu  pkeenieea  media  Lob. 
Icon.,  Oxocednu  Ipda  Dod. 
Pempt.:  Oenivrier de Pkhu'cie, 
Fr. ;  didlinadtiger  WackAoider, 
Ger.  i   Cedro  Udo,  Ital. 

8.  (p.)  If  cia  i.    -  1087 

J.  p.  0  Ucia  N.  Du  Ham. : 
Cipre$$en  Wachkoider,  Ger. 

9.  thurlfera  X.      -  1088 
Spanish  Juniper. — J.  kitpA' 


niea  Mill.  Diet,  s  CedruskUpi* 
nica,  ^.,  Toum.  Inst. 

B.    Natives  qf  Asia. 

10.  excelsa  Wi/ld,    lOdS 

J.  Sabhta  vop,  PalL  ltoM«  t 
Himalaffa  Cedar-wood. 

11.  squamata  jDoh.  108§ 

The  creeping  CedUr.-^  J« 
t^nanidta  Wall. 

12.  rec6rva  Ham,    1080 

13.  chin^nsis  L.   -  )08d 

?  J.  c.  ARfKAIl  ilr6. 2?K/.  itf .  1 . 

14.  uviferaZ).  Don  1069 

Otker  Species  <tf  Juniperus,  qf 
recent  Tntroduetion,   bta  af 
tokick  little  is  knotim.  —  J. 
tetragdna  H.  R  et  K.,    J. 
fliccida  SdUede,   ./.  dealbAte 
ZTon.,  J.flagellir4rmis  Aorl  V. 
gossaintbAnea  Hort.^  J.  Bed* 
fordidflAHort.,  J.  Hudaont'aittt 
PiaWob.,  J.  barbadfosis  L^ 
J.  hemitphoTrlca  Presl .  1069 

"Empetrdcece. 

I.jB'MPETllUMi.  -  1091 
The  Crowbeny. 

1.  nigrum.  L.        -  1091 

The  Crakel)erry.  — "Rrfea  coc- 
djfera  procftmbens  Ger.  Emac., 
£.  Cdris  fiiio  uniiecima  Ckis. 
Hist. 

2  8c6ticum^odb.^  1091 

2.  ri^brum  Ir.        -  1091 
Cranberrp  qf  Staten  Island. 

3.  Conradii  Torrey  1092 

ILCoRE^MA2).Z)on  1098 
H'mpetrum,  in  part,  L 

1.  alba  2>.  Don     -  1098 

E*mpetrum  dlbum  Lin.  Sp.; 
E.lustt^nicum,^e.,ToaT.  Inst.; 
Erica  er6ctit,  ^c,  Bauh.  Pin. : 
tke  vfkite-berried  Heatk,  Por^ 
tugal  Orakeberrp. 

III.  Cerati\>la  -  1092 
1.  ericoldes  -       -  1093 


Class  II.     END(yGEN^. 


Smildcece. 


I.  SuihAx  L.      -  1093 

Smikut  Fr.  and  Ger.:  SmUace, 
Ital. 

§  i.   Stems  prickly  and  an- 
gular. 

1.  &spera  L.  -      -  1094 

Rough     Bindweed.  —  Rogo 
acerbone,  Ital. 

2  auricuUta  ^t<.  -  1094 
S  mauritanica      -  1094  | 
S.  mauritanica  Foir.  i 


2.exc^Isai;.  -     -  1094 

S.  orientdHs,  fc,  Toum.  Cor., 
Bux.  Cent. ;  S.  dtpera  Alp. 
^gTpt.  ed.  8. 

3.  rubens  IVaU.    -  1094 

4.  SarsapariUa  L.  -  1095 
8.  peruviana  SarsaparfIIaG«r. 

Emae.\  8.  glaUca  Mx.'Walc,  Fl. 
Car.  :  tke  glaucous-leaved  Smi- 
la*:  Salsa  parigb'a,  Ital. 

5.  hast^ta  Willd,  -  1095 
8.Bdna-nos  Mz.  Fl.  Amer. 

5.  dspera  var.  Lam.  Encyc. 

6.  Wdtsom'  Swt.  -  1095 
S.  longifdlia  Wats.  Den.  Brit, 


S.  h.  S  lanoeoldia  Arb.  Brit, 
cd.  I. 

7.  Walterif  Pursh     1095 

S.  Ckina  Walt.  FL  Car. 

8.  macuUta  Roxb,    1096 

§  ii.  Stems  pricklp,  round. 

9.  China!,.    -     -  1096 

Ckhut  rddix  Bauh.  Pin.; 
Smilae  &spera  minorPlum.  Ic. ; 
Saiikira  vuigo  Quaguara,  &c., 
K»mpf.  Amom.  Ex.  :  Cena 
gentiia,  Ital. 

10.  rotundifolia  L,  1096 


CONTENTS. 


Ivii 


Il.iburifdliaX.    -  1006 

itinera,  4c..  num.  Ic.  ;  S. 
inB,4c.,  CateabL  Car. 

\t  temnoides  L.  -  1096 

S.  BrgimuB  mignt,  ^c.  Cat. 
Cir. 

IloducaZ.      -  1097 
H.glaaca&»     -  1097 


JSL  Steau 

b.  ^ona-nox  Zr.     1097 

Tbe  dStfcd-ksved  Smilax. 

-  8.  Stpera  fndim  c€eidaUdla 

BMk  Fia,  S.  waritgdia  Wah. 

16.  latifoiia  R,  Br.  1097 

17.  qoadnaguli^  1097 

{ir.  Saaiaunrmed,  rotmd. 
l&knceolataL.  -  1098 

a.mmtpmdm, ^c^  CmL  Car. 

19.Tii]gimai}a  Jfi//.  1096 

20.  pubera  If  i^.  .  1098 
S.fimita'WaU.  Car. 

JBWiy  SMilar  «JI/dl  ow  n(4tfr 
motmlniKetd,  or  (^^skick  ve 
kne^Mtetm  tie  Ftaats,—  S. 
otitiFwrsk  Fi.  Amer.  Sept., 
S.  Oba  Pmik,  S.  pandurita 
Am*,  S.  Blgn  W.,  8.  catal6- 
aka  /oo-^  S.  b6rridji  Da^/:. 
S.  ViO^adar  Ham.  (S.iHa. 
er«^^  Bosb.).  5.  alplna 
T:       ...        .  1098 

L£ir'scusX.      -  1099 

TliaBofecfaer't  Broom.— i^. 


iPW»t    r  r.  ; 
BMitOt  leal* 


Fr. ;   Mautedom,   Ger. ; 


1.  actileatus  If.     -  1^9 

R.  ta^rt^fdlnu  acmUditu  Tour. 
Iiut. :  Box  HoUm^  Knee  HoUg, 
tnUMvrOe,  prldkljf  Petttgree : 
Nous  FrtUtn,  petit  Hotut,  Bids 
ptquemtf  f^ragon  epiaeux^  Fra- 
am  piputnt,  Fr.;  Sieehender 
Jiausemfm,  Ger. ;  Busco,  Ital. 

2  rotuDdifoliiis    -  1099 
R.  9uLJkLampl&re  Dill. 

3  14xus  Snuth      -  1099 
R.  Itutu  Lodd.  Cat. 

2.  hypoph  fUum  L,  1 100 

Tb«  broadf-Ieaved  Batcher's 
Broom.  —  R.  latifbiha^  4^.. 
Toun.  but. ;  htrnms  aiexan- 
drtna  Lob.  Adv. :  Fragon  stau 
FIMole,  Fr. :  breitSlSttriger 
Hanatdomt  Gar. ;  BtmmifaceiOt 
Ital. 

2  triibliatum       -  1100 
R.  trifiOiiUua  HiU.  Diet. 

3.  (h.)  //ypogl6ssuiD  1 100 

The  douUe-leaTed  Butcher's 
Broom.  — R.  amgtut(fdlnu,  Sfc, 
Toum.  Inst. ;  Hvpog/tfrnfm 
Lob.  Adr..  Vvnldna  Brunf. : 
Fragon  k  Foiiale,  Fr. ;  Zvngem 
MatuedoTHf  Ger. ;  Limgma  pa- 
gana,  Ital. 

4.  racemosus  Z/.   -  1 101 

The  Alexandria  Laurel. — R. 
tmguUifdlhUt  frUctv  tUmmU 
ramuliiy  &e.,  Toum.  Inst.  : 
F^agtM  i  GrappeSt  Fr. ;  T^au- 
ben  Matuedom,  Ger.;  Lauro 
ideot  Ital. 

IL  Yi/ccaL.     .  1101 

The  Adam's  Needle. 


1.  gloriosa  L.       -  1101 

Y.  amadtna  Aid.  Hort.  Par. ; 
Y.  indica,  ^c..  Barr.  Rar. ;  Y. 
penubia  Ger.  Emac. ;  Y.  ndva 
gloriosa,  tc.^  Lob.  Adv. :  the 
superb  Yucca :  Yucca  nam. 
Yucca  d  FeuiUes  entiereSf  Fr. ; 
prachtiger  Yucca,  Ger. 

2  mu»  varieg.  Lod,  1 102 

2.  (g.)sup^rba     -  1103 

Y.  gloribsa  Andr.  Bot.  Rep. 

3.  aloLf51ia  L.       -  1 102 

Y.  arboriscens^  tic.,-  Dill. 
Eltb.:  Y.  catUiscnu  Mx.  Fl. 
Bor.  Aroer. 

2  p^ndula  Co/.  ITrM  102 

4.  draconis  L,      -  1103 

The  drooplng-Ieaved  Adam's 
Needle.  —  uraconi  Srbori,  S[c  , 
Bauh.  Pin. 

5.  stricta  iSfmf       -.1103 

Lpon*s  uarrouhleaved  Adam's 
NeedU. 

6.  recurvifdlia  Salts,  1 103 
Y.  ree^rva  Hort. 

7.  filamentdsa      -  1103 

The  thready  Adam's  Needle. 
~~  Y.  fSlHs  JUamentdsts  MorU. 
Hist ;  Y.  wirgiuidna,  SfC.,  Pluk. 
Aim. 

8.  (f.)  angustifdlia    1104 

9.  flaccida  i/au;.  -  1104 

10.  glaucescens  //.  1 104 


SUPPLEMENTARY  SPECIES  AND  VARIETIES, 

AND  SYNONYMES. 


Bammadacea. 

Cukati'dkjb. 

a^omc&G.  M,  1111 

inu'GKNE. 
DBcrop^tala  XeJ.  1 1 1 1 

Wintericem. 
lu/ciuM. 

Sa■^  Japan. 
lUcso'Lfil. 

graacfifldra  var,  Hir- 
wkoBHort,  -  1111 

purpurea  var,  h^brida 
Hort,   •        -  1111 


Berberaceae. 

B^RBEBIS, 

Tulgaris  fol.  purpureis 
Hort,    -        -  nil 


Maho'nz^. 

p41lida      -        -  1111 
B&beris  p&lUda  Hartw. 

ricilis     -         -  1111 
grSeOis  Hartir. 

trifoliata  -        -  1111 
B.  trifiOidta  Hartw. 

lanceolatum      -  1112 

B.  lanceoldium  Benth. 

angustifolia       -  1112 

B.  angustifdlia  Hartw. 

Hartw^         -  1112 

B.  HariwegH  Beuth, 


AurantihcecR. 

LlM&NIA, 

\jamho\ii  WaU,     1112 

VLyperic&cecs. 

JSType'ricum. 
rosmarinifolium    1112 

Kcerhcece. 

ifCER. 

laevigatum  Wall,  1112 
c61cnicum  Hrtuns,  1112 
c61chicum  var,  rubrum 
Booth  -  -  1112 
carap^tre  rikbris  1112 
c.  heterocirpum  1112 
g\kbrumTor,^G,lU1i 
tripartitum  Nutt,  1112 
grandident^tum    1112 


Iviii 


CONTEXTS. 


JEscuIacea. 

(H,)  rubicunda    1113 
Capparidhce(B> 

ISO^MERIS. 

arborea  A^M^f.    -  1113 
VitacecB. 

Karvifolia  Royle    1113 
eterophylla  5.  ?  1113 

Aquifolictceae, 

/^LEX. 

ifquif.  pendulum  1113 
latifolia  i^or/.    -  1113 

?  I.  laurffblia  Hort. 

K/iamndcea:, 

CiSANO^THUS. 

a.  2  interniMius   1113 

Rnj/Mfivs. 

Wfcklius  Jflc^.     1113 
jorunifolius  Booth  1113 

Anacardihcece. 

DuVAU'ii. 

longifolia  iJor/.     1113 
LeguminbscB. 

SOPHO^ItA. 

[Pjaponica]  grandifldra 

Hort.    -        -  1114 

jap.  pub^cens  J?.  1 1 14 

Geni'sta. 
thyTsiBdm  Booth  1114 

Indigo'fera. 

nepal^nsis  H^rt,  1 1 14 

Caraga^na. 

Gerardtan^z  Roy  1. 1114 
Tartaric  Purxe. 

-^stra'oalus. 

fruticosus  Dec.     1 1 14 
\imineu3  Dec,  -  1114 

Kosdcete. 
^my'gdalus. 

PalliswLedeb.     1114 

A.  ptduncuUta  Pallas. 
PRU>iUS. 

Mume  Sieb.      -  1114 

Ce'rasus. 

L.  var.  c61chica    1114 
'L.var.Emerem{^)UU 

nsH&Lindl.       -  1114 
lanceolata  Poir.    1114 

S.  ReevesikiUL  Hort. 

rotundifoliaXtm/.  1114 

Nvtta'IsLTA. 
cenisiformis  Tor,  1115 


lasioc&rpus  Rot/l.  1115 
trilobus  Dec.    -  1 1 15 

Crat-e^gus. 

Ox  vac.  oxyph^lla  1115 
O.  tructucoccineoU  15 
Pyrac.fr.&lb. -^.1115 
rivularis  r.  (T^  G^.  1115 
coccinea  r.yiridis  1 1 15 
c.  var./7opulif6lia  1 1 15 
c.  var.  olig&ndra  1115 
c.  var.  mollis  -  1115 
arborescens  Tor.  1115 
aestivalisT".  e^G.  1115 

C.  opdca  Hook. 
berderifoUai  Torr.  1115 

Cotonea'ster. 

bacillaris  WaU.     1115 
AUELA'NCHIER. 

(v.)  oy^lis  2  subcor- 
d^ta      -        -  1115 

Petromeles  ovalis  subcordiUa 
Jacquio. 

Py^RUS. 
heterophyila  ^.  1115 

VhiladclphacecB, 
Philade'lphus. 
mexicanus  Bcnih.  1115 

Grossulacece, 
Rinses. 

tauricum  Jacqidn  1116 

Araliacece, 
JTe'dera. 

Helix  var.  taurica  1116 

ConidcecB, 
Co'rnus. 
grandis  Benth.  -  1116 
macrophyIla;ra//.1116 

SambucecB. 

riBU'RNUBf. 

Awafuki  Sieb.  ?  1 1 16 
?  y.Japdnictim  Hort. 

sinense  Zeyh,   -  1116 

MuliahaRsLm.  1116 
V.  gteUuldtum  WaU. 

pygmae^a  iZoy/f     1116 
IjOnicereaSf 

LONl'CERvi. 

ciliosa  Poir.       -  1116 
Eiricctcea*. 

i^RCTOSTA'PHYLOS. 

p(ingens  H.et  B.\\\^ 
niuisL  Benth.    -  1116 

Perne'tty><. 
angustir61iaLm£!/.l  1 16 

p.  phfUyret^blia  Hort. 


dlettcece. 

ZrlGU'STRUH. 

nepalense  -  1116 

L.  tre«ft«tan  WaU. 

SYRtNOA. 

Embdi      -        -   1117 
S.  indica  Wall. 

Polt/gon^eae, 
Poly'gonum. 
voldmicum  ^^n.  11 17 

A5c/£p/adacece. 

MoRRE^fZ^. 

odorata  XrtVii/.  -  1117 

Solanhcete, 
Vmuk'sa. 
imbricatai2.rfP.lI17 

ThT/melacece. 
jDa'phne. 

Auckl&nd»Lindl.lll7 

IStla^agndcea?, 
Eljea^gkvs, 
parvifolia  Royle    1117 

Spo^ia. 
canescens  H.etB.llll 

CSUis  caaHscens  H.  et  B. 

Betuldce€e, 

-4'LNUS. 

denticulata  Pi*  cA.  1117 
-Se'tdla. 

mdllisZwtt//.     -  1117 

Coryltceie. 
Que'rcus. 
riexBalldta    -  1117 
lan^ta       -        -  1117 

Q.  nepaUfuis. 

Skfnneri  Benth.    1117 

?  Q.  acutifbUa  Neoi. 

pyrenaica-  -  1118 
pann6nica  J^ooM  1118 
rilbra  -  -  1118 
r.  /araxacifdlia  j9.  1 1 18 
Pa^gus. 

sylvatica  -        -  1118 
s.  9  cochlelta^.  1118 

Vlatandcece. 
Pla'tanus. 
[occidentalis]    hetero- 
phyila  fibr^.     1118 

ConifercB. 

Pl^NUS. 

oocarpoides      -  1118 

Taxo^dium. 

distich,  nuclferum  1118 
T6mu  nuc\fera  Hort. 


«• 

nx 


AN  ANALYSIS 

OF    THE 

COMMONER  TREES  AND  SHRUBS  OF  BRITAIN, 

WITH 

REFERENCE  TO  THEIR  USES  IN  PLANTATIONS. 


*»*  Vhcre  tbe  Generic  Name*  only  are  given,  the  reader  is  left  to  sel(>ct  the  Specie*  and  Varietiet 
far  himidf.  This  he  will  readily  be  able  to  do  hj  turning  to  the  pages  referred  to  after  every 
GcDeric  Name,  and  oonsolting  the  Popular  Descriptions.  The  insertion  of  the  names  of  all  the 
2i|icdes  and  Varieties  in  this  Analysis  would  have  swelled  it  to  ten  times  its  present  bulk. 


TREES 
Trees  caowN  cuierLT  for  useful  Purposes. 

Sdxtid  vM  rtfercnee  to  ikeir  Size. 
Large-sixed  timber  trees. 

Dead. JCsculus  HIppoc&stanum,  124.      Cfirpinus  J?£tuhis.  016.      CHryn.  ilba,  736. 

Ckst4nea  T^sca,  911.  Flgus  syWatica,  905.  Frixious  excdsior.  G39.  Jtkglans  rdgia. 
732.  Pkfcnera  Richard/,  72ft.  iUtanus  orientails,  P.  occcidentaiis,  927.  PdpiUus 
idta,  P.  etn^cens,  P.  nlAra,  P.  canadensis,  P.  monolirera.  I\  fastlgi&ta,  and  A  an^ 
gulftta,  819.  Quircus  peduncuUta,  Q.  sessUlfldra,  Q.  Ci'rrls,  Q.  rtbra,  Q.  coccfnea, 
and  Q.  pallistris,  846.  Taxbdium  dfstichum,  1077.  TYIia  eurnpseX  63.  £/'lmus  cam- 
pestria,  U.  mont&oa  vSgeta,  and  other  varieties  or  species  of  L'imiis,  715. 

Ev^jrWm  exctisa,  1025l  Cddrus  Libini.  1057.  Picea  pectinAta,  1036.  Plnus  sylvftstrii, 
P.  Lar^o,  P.  Pallasfatia,  and  P.  Pinaster,  95a 
)fiddle<<iacd  timber  trees. 

Dead. ^*cer  jilatanSldea,  A.  erlocArp^i™*  ^^  ■^-  rtibrum,  79.  ^'Intis  gluUndsa,  A.  in- 

cina,  and  A.  cordifMia,  832.  £6tulapapyricea,837.  Cerasus  sylv^strls,  and  C.  vulgirls, 
276.  CKstrva  vulgaris,  919.  JMpuIus  balsam<fera,819.  P^rus  cummtinis,  and  P.  tor- 
mixAUa,  417.    Qu6rcas  J^seulus,  846.    RobfniVs  Psend-i<cicia,  233. 

fe.—il'bies  Uba,  1025.     /lex  ilquifblium,  156.     Juniperus  virginiina,  1060.     Pfcca 
baU&roea,  1036.    Qu^rcus  /Hex,  846. 
Satall-cixed  timber  trees. 

Decad.  —  il*cer  tatfcricum,  A.  splditum,  A.  striatum,  A.  O'jpalus,  A.  monspessuUnum, 
and  A.  camp^stre,  79.  CVatse'gus,  most  of  the  species,  352.  Cyd6nia  vulgilris,  450. 
Cf  tisus  Xab&mmn,  and  C.  alplnus,  213.  £u6nnnus  europae'us,  149.  O'mus  europae% 
651.    P^rus  ^*ria,  and  P.  aucupilria,  417.    Salix  cilprea,  744. 

£v.  _^"bies  nigra,  1025.    Juniperus  rlrginlAna,  1080.    Tlxus  bacc^ta,  039. 

Seteded  as  tmitabie  to  he  grown  in  Mastet —  Social  Trees, 

J)ecid.'^A^tr,7%     Cftisus,  213.    XaHx,  1053.     Qu^rcus,  846. 

£r.— .^^bies,  all  the  species,  1026.  Ctklrus,  1057.  Pfcea,  1036.  Plnus,  950.  t^'lmus, 
and,  in  short,  most  trees,  715. 

Seitti^  as  suitable /or  being  grown  singlff^  or  in  scattered  Grovps.  —  Solitary  Trees. 

Dead ^scolus,  in.    Carplnus.  916.    Pogus,  905.    SiUx,  744. 

£e.— .Cbpr^uus  sempcrvlrens,  1073. 

Sr'ettedfor  Ike  sake  of  tkeir  produce  in  Timber.  * 

Produced  in  a  short  time,  with  a  straight  trunk. 

Decid^-lAxix  communis,  1053.    PApulus  monilffera,  P.  fastigi&ta,  and  P.  &lba,  819. 

Silix  filba,  and  5.  RusselliaiM,  744. 
£r.— iTbics  excclsa,  1025.   Plcea  pecthiata,  1036.  Plnus  sylvcstris,  and  P.  Lar1cio.950. 
ProdiKed  in  a  short  time,  with  a  branchy  head. 

Beead^-Jtott  Fseiuio-PltoJius, 79.  .£'kculas  Hlppoc&stanunt.  12t.  F^mi%  sylvlitica,  905. 

Pkixinus  excelsior.  639.    O'strya  vulgirls,  919.    PUitxinus  occidcntaiis,  927.    Pdpulus 

idgra.  P.  canadfauis,  P.  gne'ca,  and  P.  anaulita,  H19.      Qu^rcus  C>^rris,  846.     5&llx 

frftgilit,  744.     tJ'lmus  montina  v^geta  (the  Huntingdon  elm ),  and  U.  camp^stris,  715. 

Bo^-Ptaas  Plo&ster,  P.  sylv^trls,  JP.  Larfdo,  and  P.  Pallasiaiuz,  950. 

SeUsird/br  the  QuaUty  qfthe  Timber  to  be  produced. 
Soft  woods. 

i>MMr«.if Inos,  831    5«Iix,744.    P6pulus,  819.    j£'sculus,  124.    Liriodendron,  36. 
Qndvroods. 

Dedd.^jCoee.T^.  Andntus^Ui.  fvtula,  837.  Ofcrpinus,  916.  Cirya,  735.  Castibea, 
911.  Ciltis,  727.  flgus,  905.  Pr^xiuus,  639.  Gledftschia,  249.  Jhglans,  78SL 
O'strya,  919.  PUuiera,725.  PUitanus,  927.  Qu6rcus,  846.  Robfnia,  233.  C;'lmus.715. 


ix  ANALYSIS    OF   TH£    COMMONER  TREES  AND  SHRUBS, 

Verj  hard,  compact,  and  durable  wood«. 

Decid.—CiTMxxt,  276.  Cratie^gut,  862.  (7^tUuiLabiimuin,3I3.  £u<hi7inus,  119.  PriUkUS, 

S7U.    Ptriu,  417.    Roblnia,  233. 
£».— ^xus,  703.     CupreMiu,  1073.     iUex,  156.     Jimfperus,  1060.    Phill^rea,  631. 
Thtkja.  1068. 
Uesinout  iroods. 

Dccid— JLirix,  1053. 

£v i<*blei,  1025.    CMnu,  1057.    Plcea,  1036.    Aiiu,  950. 

SeUcledfor  the  character  qf  the  Head. 
For  its  general  bulk. 

Dedd. — A^cm  Pteiido-Pl&tanus,  and  A.  obtusitum,  79.   ^'icului  Hippocistanum,  IS4 . 
C&rpinuf  iretulus,916.   /Igus  lyWfitica,  906.   JUU-ix  europie'a,  1053.  >6pului.  most  of 
tiiu  species,  S19.    Qu6rcu«  Cerrls,  846.    Sklix,  several  species,  744.    riUia  europieS, 
G3.    c^'lmus,  most  of  the  species,  715. 
£9.  —  Pinus  sylr^stris,  P.  Larfcio,  P.Pinister,  and  P.  FallasfilMa,  950.- 
For  its  upright  habit. 

Dceid,  —  A'luMM  glutin5sa  laciniita,  833.     P6pu1us  fastigi4ta,  and  P.  monilliera,  %Vi. 

Qu^rcus  Cerris,  846.     I/Mmus  campcstris  stricta.  715. 
£v..j|'bies,  1035.    Pfcea,  1036.    Plnus,g50. 
For  its  spreading  habit. 

i)fc/tf.— CastineaT£sca,91I.    f%gus  sjlvAtica,  905.    A4xlnus  excelsior,  639.  Qu£rcua 
peduncuULta,  846.    £/'lmus  montina,  716. 

Selected  with  a  view  to  the  production  qf  Shelter. 
For  general  purposes. 

Deeid,^  A'oer  Psetdo-PUitanua.  79.      Oiirpinus  J9teulus,  916.      JSgus  svlvitica,  905. 
Lirix  europsB'a,  1053.    P6pulus  filba,  619.    P^rut  .^I'ria,  417.    l/'imus  moaUlna,  715. 
Plnus  sylvestris,  950. 
For  drawing  up  voung  plantations. 

Drcfd— Setula  ilba,  837.     lArix  europn'a,  1053.     P^rus  aucupiria,  417.      P6palu« 
balsamffera,  and  P.  c&ndicans,  819. 

Ev .^I'bles  excfclsa,  10S5.    Plnus  sylv#strls,  950. 

For  protection  flrom  the  sea  breexe. 

Dea'd.^A^cer  Pseiido-PUtanus,  79.      //ipp6phae  Rhamndldes,  698.      Pdpulos  ilba« 
P^rus  J^ria,  417.    Aunbticus  nigra,  513. 

Seleetedjbr  the  production  nf  Shade, 
For  shade  in  summer  only. 

Most  deciduous  species. 
For  shade  in  summer  and  winter. 
Most  evergreen  species. 

Selected  a$  adapted  for  particular  Soil. 
For  dry  poor  soils. 

Decid Aildnius  glandulbsa,  145.    JKtula  Alba,  887.    C&rpfnns  J?£tulus,  916.    OSrasua 

vulgaris,  and  C.  sylvfotris,  376.  F^gat  sylvitica,  90S.  Gleditschta  triadbathot,  M9. 
Aippdphae  Khamnoldes,  098.  Lirix  europse'a,  1053.  P^rus  il^ria.  and  P.  aucupiU-ia, 
417.    Uoblnta.P8eiido  Adicih,  283. 

Ev Plnus  syiv6stris,  P.  Pin4ster.  and  P.  austrtaca,  95a 

For  mi>ist  soils. 

Dedd.  —A^cer  erlodkrpum,  and  A.  ri^brum,  79.    il'lnus  glutindsa,  833.    P14tanus  occl- 

dentklis,  937.    P6pulus,  819.    .Sllix,744. 
Ev.  —  i<^bies  commtinis,  1025. 
For  peaty  soils. 

Dedd. — Z^ftula  fclba,  837.  Pdpulus  trfmoU,  and  P.  balsamffera,  819.  SUix  c^proa,  744. 
£v.  -.  il'bies  communis,  1026. 
For  good  deep  soil. 

Dedd iS'sculus  Hippocfcstanum,  124.  Cirra  &lba,  735.  Ckstiinea  v^sca.  911.  J!^^ana 

rtela,  732.  P6pulus,  most  of  the  species,  819.  Quircua,  most  species,  846.  5&lix,744. 
mm\u,  715. 

Selected  at  adapted  for  particular  Situations. 
On  elevated  surfaces. 

Decid.  —  P^tula  filbo,  837.    Ptnis  i^^ria,  and  P.  aucap&ria,  417.     5ambticus  nigra,  513. 
Ev.  —  Plnus  sylv6stris,  and  P.  Cimbra,  950. 
Sheltered  by  houses. 

Decid.  —  i^'cer  Psehdo.P14tanus.  79.     PlAtanus,  927.     P6pulus  fastigi^ta,  819.     7TUa 
coropseX  63.    l/'lmus  camp6stris,  715. 
Exposed  to  the  sea  breeze. 

Decid —  il'cer  Pscddo-Pl&tanus.  79.   Hippdphae  Rhamnoldes,  696.     P6pulus  &lba,  81*). 
P^rus  .rl'ria,  417-    5ambticus  nigra,  513. 

Selected  for  bang  grown  for  tprcial  Purposes. 

For  producing  an  immediate  screen,  so  dense  as  to  interrupt  the  view. 

Dedd„—^cer  PseilUlo-PlAtanus,  79.    iE'seulus  Hipiiocistanum,  124.    Ofcrpinus  ^^Ca^ 
lus,  916.    Plgus  sylvitica,  905.     Tllia  europs'a,  68.    Vlmut  camp6stris   and  U. 
montina,  715. 
£«.— i<*bies  exc61sa,  1025.    Plnus  sylvistrls,    P.  Laricio,  and  P.  Pin^ter,  950. 
Partially  to  interrupt  the  view. 

jDtfdd— iMtula  ilba,  837.  C^rasiu  sylvfatrls,  376.   fHixinus  excfisior.  639.    GledlUchfa 
triacinthos,  249.    P6pulus  tremula  and  P.  gni  ca,  819.  Robinia  Pseud- ^cftda,  233. 
For  producing  timber  In  hedgerows. 

Dedd^—A^ev  Pseado-Plitanus,  79.    AiUmtus  gUndul&sa,  146.    Arya  Alba,  735.  Ca^. 
tknea  v6sca,  911.     P^rus   commQnis,  417.    Quercus  peduncuUtta.    Q.  sessiiiflbra, 
Q.  Cirris,  Q.  rQbra,  Q.  coccinea,  and    Q.  paldstris,  846.      U^mus  campcstris,  715. 
For  forming  avenues. 

Dedd^A'cer  PseMo-Pl&tanus,  79.  .^'sculus  Hippocistanum,  124.  C&rpinus  i7£tulus 
916.  Cirya  ilba,  735.  Cost^nea  vesca,  911.  Ccrasus  sylvdstris.  and  C.  vulgaris,  276. 
Pftgus  sylv&tica,  905.  J&glans  rdgla,  732.  Lkrix  europs^a,  1058.  Pl&tanus  orinitilis, 
and  P  occldentilis,  927.  P6pulus,  most  of  the  spieclei,  819.  P;^rus  coramiknis,  and 
P.  Afklus,  417.  Qu6rcus,  many  of  the  species,  846  itobiniVi  Psebd-iicAcia.  233.  t/'imus, 
most  of  the  species,  715. 


WITH   REFERENCE   TO    THEIR   USES    IN    PLANTATIONS.        1X1 

£«.— i^btes  exc^sa,  10S5.     CMnu  Llbinl,  1057.     Plcea  pectinkta,  1086.     Ftnm  lyU 
Totrii.  P.  Larfdo,  F,  Pallast;tea.  F.  flntcter,  &e,  9S0.  TlUus  baccito,  939. 
For  fimniiiK  loftr  Iwdges* 

ikcKi  — /wrcaiBp£skre,79.  JS^tula  ftlba,  837.  C&rplDiu  £aaliu.916L  Agus  stI- 
viticsi,905L  X4r&  enropK^  1053L  O'strja  Tulgiris.  919.  i^6pii)iu  fkitigUita,  819. 
niia  earow'a,  63.    IT'lmiis  camp^strls,  715.  ^ 

£«.  —  jt\ua  excelu,  10SS.  Tlex  iquif&Uum,  156.    Janlpenu  virgiiittiia,  1080.  i^ccm 
peedoitt,  1036.    Qofircus  /lex,  846.    2%x«u  bwxAta,  909. 
For  befaic  periodicallv  cot  down  m  coppice-wood,  but  not  In  the  shade  of  othor  trees. 

XWMfT—  Jgtula  ilba,  837.     Outinea  ▼£«»,  91 1.     . Aixintu  ezoiUor,  639.     fiofocut 
pedoBcuUsa  ^imj  seuOilldn,  846. 
Far  bdng  periodical^  cat  down  ai  oopplcfr>wood,  in  the  ahade  of  other  treei. 

£«.  — CErasu  JLanroe^rasaa,  976.  JMlxum  lemperrtrent,  703.  i  lex  JqaifoUam,  196. 
Jonlperaa.  1080.    Querciu  i'lex,  846.    TVtxus  bacctou  9S9 

t^iedid  i»  part  for  tkeir  produce  in  Frtatt  or  Seeds. 
Uied  in  tarioos  aiti  and  manoflKturet. 

Decid.  —  iS'scalu*.  194.    Agus,  905.    Querent,  846. 
Uied  in  household  economy. 

DfTsrf.  —  Cinra,  735.    Gut&nea,  91 1 .    CSmmii  ■yW£strit,  and  C.  TidgiLrii,  976.  Jhgbuu, 
738.     Jirfopiliu,  416.    Jtfbrus,  705.    Pnlnui,  270.    i^nis.  417. 
As  food  &>r  dnglng.blTda,  fcame,  or  wild  animals. 

i>feadL«Ckatse'giH.352.    /*:^ni8  aucup&iia,  417.    Ties  ilquilMium,  156. 

Sekaed  impart  for  tketrprodmee  m  Bark. 
For  the  tanner. 

DeeU^Mtais  Alba,  837.    C^tteeaT£flca,91!.     ZArix  enropnX  1053.  P^rus  aucn. 
p4ria,  417.    Qneiais  pednnculhta,  and  Q.  sessillfl5ra,  846.   &'&llx,  Tarious  species,  744. 
For  other  arts. 

A.  —  J  lex  Jquifbliam,  156.    rOfa  enroiMeX  68. 

StUdei  m  pari  for  ike  vaeqf  their  LeaveM. 
As  salwtitntes  for  sp^  tan  in  gardens. 

Dfftf .— 42u&cns,  846.   astAnea,911. 
As  prodneing,  bgr  decomposition,  leaf-mould. 

All  treo,  espedallj  the  broad-leaved  Unds. 
As  vintcr  Jbod  for  cattte. 

i)«*f.— Situla.837.  Mbnu,  715.  Ptfpulns,  819.  PJros,417.  Roblnte,ja8.  5iaix,744. 
711ia.63.  ramua,716. 

Tbsu  GBowif  omrLY  loa  Orhauintal  Pcmposss. 

Sekaed  wdk  rrferemee  to  Heir  Bulk, 

Large.<ised  ornamental  trees.  ^  ^     xw  -«      zv.^.i...  tTi.,..^c. 

Deeid.  —  il*cer  pboandldes.  A.  eriocirpura,  and  A.  rObrum,  79  ^sculiM  Hlppocfis- 
taanm,  194.  jiii£nim$  glandulbsa,  145.  ^'haus  glutinftsa  laclniMa.  A.  In^oa.  •nd 
A.  cortifWia,  882.  uStula  populilWia.  and  S.tlgr^SiJ.  fi^ti*  auMtr^n^m. 
fagus  STlvfctica  purpdrea,  906.  IWxInus  americhna,  639.  Liriodtodron  Tuliplfera. 
afiTcrstrra  rulgAris,  919.  PlAtanus  orlentAlis,  91^.  Qutrcus  Cerris  falhamtosls, 
and  Q.   ^LucSnbedJW,  846.    Robln/a  PseOd-^cAcIa,  233.    Taxbdium  dlstlchum. 

£*.->Mes,]0S5.    Odrus,  1057.    Plcea,  1036.    Plnus,950. 

3lJddle.tfsed  ornamental  trees.  ,^      »i     u^    w  _   ma      -u'.....xi.'^ 

D^od.-ircer,  79.    Wrylus.  921.    GledltscbiV.,  249.     LiquldAmbar   932      MagiAifl 

acmninAta,  21.     Wbrus  Alba,  705.      AV^nrfo.  IM.     ^'"»."»'  ^»-      ^•^71'  ?2' 
PiTifl,  Iffl!    P6pulus,819.    Ptrus,417.    Roblnia.  233.    Salisbfcrw,  944.    SAfix,  744. 

JBeTlH^rS^B,  1025.     Cupr^mis,  1073.     Junlperus,  1080.     Plcea,  1086.     Plnus,  950. 
Qu£rcus,  846.    TSxus,  939,  &c. 
Snali-siaed  ornamental  trees.  ^         ..-.     «  %m.j^   mn     n^4£i^^ 

Deeid.^Acer,19.  ^mfgdalos,  9fil.  i<rmenlaca,  267.  Biwssonjtto,  710.  Ca/itofl. 
662.  Ceran;.  276.  ^SS^gus,  352.  fydtaia.  450.  Wsus  213.  Dtej^f^.  ^' 
JElrfgnus,  696.  £u6nymus,  149.  Gledltschw,  249.  HaJ^sia,  620.  «ipp6phae.  m 
KsSStferw,  134.  LIquidAmbar.  932.  Magnblia  21.  J^^V^^^*i^\.^^V"'  l^' 
PA»M,  128.  Pfirsica.  K5.  Prilnus,  270.  ^rus,  417.  Qu*rcus,  846.  i?hamnus.  170. 
Kobtnto,233.    Sillx,744.    Virgilin.  197.    XantWxylum.  142. 

Ur.-Orastts  lusitAntei,  276.  Cupr*s«us,  1073.  -J'iS^.  lfl^/«^."«»/^-  ^'^'"•' 
681.    Pfcea,  1086.    Plnus,  96a    Quircus,  846.    nxus,  939.    Thtja,  1068. 

ykdei  irdk  nferemce  to  their  Form. 

With  opright  oblong  or  globose  heads.  „     r*«...,. 

!?««.-  A^cS  obtusAtum,  79.  ^sculas  Hippocartanum,  124.  ^;^n«*' 8^' ..f^.^f "J' 
276.  J>Agnt,905.   P6pulas,819.  P^rusi<*ria,andP.aucupArla,417.    (2u6rcus  Urris, 

846.    Irimns,  715. 

l^ithgre^ghMds.^^^     Crataegus  Crts-gAUi,  352.    Diosp^ros,  625.    itf Sspllus, 414. 

Pirsica.  265. 
"WltSi  conical  hoMia. 

Dead LArix,  1053.    TaxMlum,  1077.     ^  ,  .__       t.,„^^„,.    mon 

Ev il'bies,  1025.    CMrus,  1057.    Cuprfcssus  sempervlrcns,  10i3.    Junlperus.  1080. 

Pfcea.  1036.    Plnus,  950.    ThiUa,  1068. 

^'''***SJSt^at«»giMDxyactothastr<cta,352.    Pftpulus  fastigiata,  819.    QuCrcus  pedun- 
culAU  &atigiAta,  846. 
Ev TlSxus  baocAta  fiutigiAta,  939. 

itieta'.  vfA  r<feremce  to  their  Mode  qf  Growth. 

regliue,  iM.    CfttaM  iaWmum  ptodulom,  art.    ngut  •jWiuc*  pSudulj,  906. 


Ixii  ANALYSIS  OF  THE  COMMONER  TREES  AND  SHRUBS, 

JVixinus  exc6Ulor  p<>ndula,  and  F.  /entfsdfdlia  pfodula,  639.  Lirtx  europe^a  penduU, 

1053.    P&Tia  rtbra  pendula,  128.    JPdpului  trtmula  pfodala,  819.    Quercus  pedun- 

cuUta,  846.    6'ilix  babyldnica,  744.    Taxbdium  distlchum  p^ndaluin,  1077.    U'lmuM 

monUna  pcndula,  71  A. 
Ev — CAprestus  pcndula,  1073.    /Uex  ^IquiAUtim,  T.  pfodulum  (both  rare),  IS6.    Ju- 

nfperus  rectinra,  1080. 
With  vertical  shoots  and  branches. 

i)«a'tf.—  Cftrplnus  Junius,  916.    Jllgus  sjlritlca,  905.    Gymndcladus  canadensis,  2SA. 

P^rus  A^risiy  and  F.  aucuplria,  417.    U'anu*  mont^a  faitlgifttA,  715 ;  and  the  other 

fiutigiate  or  tpiry-headcd  trees  enumerated  above. 
With  horlsontal  shoots  and  branches. 

Decid — A'lnui  glatin&sa  laclni&ta,  833.    Oratae^gus  Crtis-e41II,  353.   Diosp^ros  Lfttos. 

625.  Roblnia  I'sehd-ifdlda,  R.  umbracuUfera,  333.    Taxodiiun  dfstichum,  1077.  £/'U 

mus  montana  piodula,  715. 
£v.-i4'bles,  1025.    Cddrus,  1057.    Plcea,  1036.    Plnus,950. 

Selected  vith  reference  to  their  Foliage. 
Duration. 

Deciduous  ornamental  trees. 

Developed  early  In  spring. 

Dedd.—A'iXT  Psetido-Pl&tanus,  and  A,  tatirlcum,  79.     Cratc^gns  nigra, 
and  C.  Oxyadintha  prap^cox.  362.    P6pttlnsbalsamirera,  819.    &unb&ca» 
nigra,  513.     T^lla  europae'a,  63.     E7'lmas  carap^stris,  715. 
Developed  late. 

iifc/tf.  — iif/cinfiw  glandulbsa,  145.    Cir7a,735.    CatAlpa,  BG^.    JY&xinus,. 
639.    GledfUchfo,  249.    Gymndcladus,  VA,    Jhglans,  738.    P^rus  if Via^ 
and  P.  vestlta,  417.    Qu^rcus  TaHzin,  846.    VirgHia  liltea,  197. 
Dropping  early. 

Decid.  —  A^cer   Fsehdo-PlftUnus,  79.     .f'sculus   Hlppocistanum,    1S4. 
/V&xlnus  excflsior,  639.     Plvia,  128.     P^ulus,  819.     Robinio,  233. 
niia,  63. 
Dropping  late. 

Dead.  —  i4*cer  camp(stre,  and  A,  crMcum,  79.     C&rpinus  .S^tulus,  916. 
Crattt'ffus  CrtSs-galll,  358.    fSgus  sylv&tica,  908l    Liquid&mbar  Imb^rbe, 
932.    Pl&nera  Richirdt,  725.    Qufircus,  846. 
Pe.'sistent,  often  remaining  on  in  a  withered  state  till  spring. 

Z)<rciVf.  — C4rplnus  iKtulus,  916L    Agus  svlv&tica,  905.    Llquid&mbw  im- 
berbe,  933.    Quercus  C6rris,  and  Q.  Taixin^  846. 
r.vergreen  ornamental  trees. 

ij'bics,  1025.     CMrus,  1057.    C^rasus  lusltinlca,  S76.     Cbprteus,  1073. 
7Mex  ifqulfbllum,  156.    Junfperas,  1080.   X4idrusn6bIl{s,6Bl.    MunbliVi 
grandifl6ra,  21.    Picea,  1036.     Plnus,  950.    Qu6rcus  Plex,  846.    7l£xus» 
939.    TliOJa,  1068. 
Subevergreen  ornamcntAl  trees. 

Cram^giis  Crds-ffilU,  and  C.  mexictoa,  353.   llagndlta  Thompsoni<)ita,  SI. 
P^rus  coron&ria,  417.    Qu6rcus  C^rrls  Ailham6nsis,  Q.  C^rris  Lucom* 
bcajM,  Q.  h^brlda  nina  and  Q.  Tlirnen;  846. 
Form  and  character, 
simple  leaves. 
Large. 

Dea'd — ./f  "cer  macroph^Uum,  79.    Csstlnea  v6sca,91I.    Caidlpa  $fning€e^ 
(dlia,  662.    Magnbl/a  macroph^lla,  M.  trip^tala,  and  M.  acuminata,  21 . 
Pl&tanus,  927.    P6pultM  heteroph^lla,  819.    P^rus  vestlta,  417.    Qu6rcaa 
sessilifldra.  and  Q.  nlgrA,  846.    i7'lmus  montana,  715. 
Ev.  —  Magn6lMi  grandifldra,  31. 
SmalL 

Deeid ^^cer  cr£tlcnm,  79.    Cratse^gus  OxyacAntha,  858.    futeymos  eu- 

rop«^us,  149.    Prtinus  splnbsa,  370.    L"lmus  chinensis,  715. 
Linear,  or  needle-lilne. 

Dccid.  —  LArix,  1053.    Taxbdium.  1077. 

£p.  — if'btes,  1085.     Cddrus.  1057.     Ctapr6s8us,  1073.     Junlperus,  1060. 
Picea,  108&    Plnus,  95a    r(xus,939.    rhO^a,  1068. 
Compound  leaves. 
Large. 

Dea'd.^Aadntwi,  IU».     Ctrya.  735.     GledlUchAi,  349.    Grmn4c1adus» 
255.    JClglans,738.    Kolrcut^rin,  134.    A*£xinus,  689.    VirgUUi,  197. 
Small. 

Drrttf.  — iPsculusJSl    CStiMU,2lZ.   O'mus,  651.    AVgtfn^,  183.    Tkria^ 
12a    Pt^lea,143. 
Colour. 

In  deciduous  trees  in  early  summer. 
Light,  or  yellowish,  green. 

DrctVf.— iTcer  PseOdo-PULtanus  lut^scens,  and  i<.  platanfildes,  79.    Co. 
tdhM»ffrtng<e(bl\tL,G62.    Kolreutdria,  134.    Maclhra,7Il.    Ifeg^mdo^lia 
Populus  balsamlfera,  819. 
Ev.  —  <2u6rcuf  pedunculita,  and  Q.  sessilifldra,  846.    SAlix,  744.    TUia,  63. 
Virglila,  197. 
Dark  green. 

l>ccAf.~i<'lnas,  838.    OsUnea,  911.    aitis,737.    fudnymus,  149.    Li» 
quidtobar,  932.    Pivid,  128.    Prhnos,  270. 
Furple. 

J)e«A(.~if^oer  Psebdo-Pl&tanusparpuriscens,  79.    Figot  sylvltiai  por* 
phrea,  905.    Qu6rcus  pedunculata  purpur£soens,  846. 
Variegated. 

Deeid.  — ^'cer  platanAIdes  variegUum,  and  A.  Psei^do-Plfitanus  variegita, 
66.  Castinea  v6sca  varleg^ta,  912.  Pr&xinus  heteroph^lla  Tarlecita,. 
639.  Qu^rcus  pedunculitta  variegikta  and  Q.  C6rrls  varlegita,  846.  V^aum 
camp^strls  variegita,  715. 


VITE   REFERENCE   TO   THEIR    USES    IN   PLANTATIONS.         Ixiu 

la  deddnooi  trees  in  sntamn  before  iSalling  off. 
Bcdorpnnle. 

Akw.— iTter  riibram,79.    Llquldiinbar,  991.    KbgnMiia  auricottta,  SI. 
Qn&eas  rthn,  Q,  n2gn,  Q.  dnctdria,  and  Q.  nUMiM,  846. 
TeOmr. 

J)ecid.^A*eer  platanSMet,  and  A.  saochirinmn,  79.      IMtuIailba,  837. 

Aixious  ezcdsior,  639.    Kdlreut^a,  134.    Xirix,  1058.    Liriodtodran. 

36.   Mmdiua,  71 1.  Kegtmdo,  ISSl    Pdpuloa  nigra,  and  P.  canad^ncis,  819. 

/Wea  trifolilta.  143.    P^nu  TesUU,  417.  Sallabiirki,844.    Virgllui,  197. 

Green,  orwitboat  changing  colour. 

Dntd.  —  A*lnu»t  832.    C£UU ,  737.    OaUe'gns  Crds-g&IU»  and  C.  mexicdna, 
iS±    Diosp^ixM,  625.    /*^nu  coron4ria,  417. 
Brovn,  or  without  bright  colour. 

DecNL— jrcerP>e{tdo.iPl&tanus,79.    Aiiimhu^  14S.    OKrya,  735.    JiHglana, 
1080.    P6palui  grc'ca,  J>.  trtouia,  and  P. baUamlfera,  819 
In  erergreena. 

Light  green. 

CUros  Deodira,  1057.    CaprCttos  diyoldes,  and  C  Inaitinica,  1073.    Junl- 
perua,  1080.    MagnMto  grandill&ra,  21.    Jhi^a,  1068. 
Ilark  green. 

A*tAe%  exo^lsa  nigra,  1025.     C6ratat   ludtlnica,  276.     Ctapr^isut,  1073. 
Aex.  156.   Jumpenu,  1080.    Latinu  n4bUia,681.    i*lcea,  1036.    Anus, 
950.    Qa£rca<  Tiex,  846.    Tixxu,  999. 
Variegated. 

^'blea  excelsa  rariegita,  1025.    Ctipriuai  Ayoldes  rarieglta,  1073.    Plex 
^quifMium  rariegituro.  156.    Ptnut  Pin£ater  Tariegiu,  961. .  Qu«rcua 
riex  variegita,  846.    Tuut  bacdkta  Tarieglita,  989. 
Fragrant  leaves. 

JMvui.-^BHulM,BST.    Jhglans,  782.    Liauldimbar,  932.    Sillx  pentindra,  744. 
£v..-irbiet,  1025.    Junlpenis,  1080.    JLafinis,   681.    Plcea,  1036.    Plnvt,  d-'iO. 
Thiija,1066. 
teUtied  leilk  rdSermee  to  tkeir  Flower*. 
^^)dIlced  In  iprfaig. 
Bed  or  par^e. 

iV^— J*cerriibn]m,79-    ifnifgdalai,261.    Ciratae*  gus  Oxyacfintha   rftsea,  and 
CL  0.  punlcea,  392.    P^via  rObra,  128.    P^rdca,  265. 
Ydlov. 

DccmT.— iTcer^latanlJldes.  andif.monspessulibiom,  79.     C^ftisos  Xabiimuni,  and 
C.  alplntts,  218.    ttlix,  744.    Zanthteylum,  142. 
Wflite. 

Dedd.  —  if rmenlaea,  267.    CSrasos,  276.    Oatie^gus,  852.    Uagndl/a  consplcoa,  21 
J*t&nu8,27a   Ptnu,417.    StaplgrUa,  147. 
vsnegated. 

Dead.— i^seolus,  124.  Pir/a.  128.     Fl^rui  Jtfidas,  P.coroniria,  and  P.  specU- 
bUia,4I7.    Roblnia  riscdsa,  233. 


Red  or  purple. 

Z)«eMl~RoUnfii  bispida,  233. 
Tellov  or  orann. 

DeeU.^  KSIreatdrfa,  1^4.    Virglliii  latea,  197. 
White  or  whitlsli. 

/>ec«d.— C^atse'gus   cordilta,  and  C.  mexic&na,  352.     Halisia   tatriptera,   620. 
Liriodaidron,36.  Magnbl/a.21.  M£spaus,414.  RobSn/a  Piedd-^cAda,  233. 
Variegatied. 

DteU.  —  Catulpoy  662. 

tdeaedwUk  r^femee  to  tkeir  I^a  or  Seed. 
Luge  and  showy. 

J>M9tf.— Jrmenlaca  TQlgilria.  267.     CVdunla  vulglLrb,  450.    Maeldra  anrantlaca,  71 1. 
Pfaslea  Tulgiria,  269.    Prttnus  domestlca,  270.    P^rua  commikBla,  P.  ifilus,  and 
P.  M.  astracinica,  417. 
Soil!,  but  conspicuous  trwa  colour  and  quantity. 

Dttnd.  —  CillU,  727.    C^rasus,  276.    Oatae'gua,  852.    J9Ipp6pbae,  698.    P^rut  itfalua 
^mniAlia,  P.  M.  baedtta,  P.  ^'rla,  P.  IntennMka,  P.  tormlnlLlii,  P.  aurlcul&ta, 
P.  aocupiria,  and  P.  aznericilna,  417.    Jth&mnns  cathfirticos,  and  R.  Cr£ngula,  170. 
£fr.  —  Plex  ilquiAUnm,  156.    Junlpems,  1060.    X^rus,  681. 
Ksgnlar  in  form  or  character. 

Deeid £a6nymus,  149.    Uquid^bar,  932.    MagndliVi,  21.  PUtanui,  927.    Qoircua 

(%rrls,  and  Q.  JE'gilops,  846. 


SHRUBS. 

Sbkubs  qwovth  cbieflt  Foa  rairuL  Purfosbs. 

if'^kd as adapledjbr  Coppice-Woodt.  ^  ,._, 

i><cM.  — C6mos  sangutnea,  and  C.  Slba,  501.    COryliu  ^f TelUna,  921 .    Xlgiittrum  mlglrek 
638.   «UlxcAprea,744. 

Sd(dedmedapledji»r  vrodmetmr  SkeUtrfor  Game,  _,  ^ 

■OeeML— {?cnlsta,903.    JlSk*,468.    5pir«'a,  299.    Symphmidlrpoa,  641.    nbtimiim,AI6. 
£f.  — .Bftxos,  708.     Ganlthdr/a.  579.    flypMcom,  74.    Jbniporua,  1080.     Mahtaia,  60 
Aododindron,  988.    Uiex,  199.    rocclnium,  604. 

UKUietaSaptedM^Mget,  ^  ,    ^ 

OecU.^BirberU,iS.   C^ttsns tcopirlos, 218.    JFflpp6pba>, 698.    XigfUtrom, 628.    Paltimu^ 

lCB.^Jtbia,881.    Sgriiia,  faiS. 
£».->7lttxna,708.   /lex,  156.    Junlpertis,  lOSO.    Phnifrea,68L    ITlex,  199. 


Ixiv         ANALYSIS  OF  THE  COMMONER  TREES  AND  SHRUBS^ 


Sbedbs  a  sown  chiefly  ros  ormahbntal  Pdi 

Selected  with  reference  to  their  Bulk. 
I.nrge>fffzod  »hrubt. 

Dead.  —  Mccharis,  546.  B^rberfs,  4S.  Bftrya,  713.  Bfiddlaa,  670.  Cara^tttOt  287. 
ColOteAt  344.  C6rqiu,  501.  Cotoneister,  405.  i^6nymus,  149.  FontanetJa,  638. 
HAltmod^ndron.  242.  ASuiunidUt,  499.  //ipp6p)Me,  698.  Ligdstrum,  628.  PaUiknu, 
168.  PhiladMphiu,  460.  PipUlnthus.  198.  i2fa(U.  1H6.  Ribet,  4Gi.  &mbbciu,  51S. 
Sheph£rdia,  7(jD.  Apirtiaiii,  903.  Syrfiif  <z,  635.  flbdrnuni,  516. 
Ev.  —  if'rbutut,  578.  Btxiu,  703.  /^lex,  156.  Junlpttriu,  lOBQ.  Xaftnu,  681. 
PhUlfrea,  681. 
Middle-sized  tbrubt. 

D^citf.--Ain6rpha,230.  BirberiM.ii.  Cal6phaca,  948.  Calrcinthot,  453.  CeandChai, 
180.  CephaltaChui,  544.  ChimonAotbut,  454.  Cldthra,  581.  C7f  dbnia,  450.  DedU/a, 
465.  J7imsciu,  63.  Leycettdria,  543.  Potentflla,  319.  ithododindron,  588.  BbAa^ 
186.    Ribes,  468.    iZbu,  321.    5pirc^a,  299.    Stapbylda,  147.    Sympboricirp<»,  541. 


Syringa^  63.9. 


Ev.  —  A4icuba^  511.    Aipleiiram,  495.    Girrya,  9S6.    Junjperas,  1060.    Iiah6nui,  50. 

Prlnos,  163.    /Rhododendron,  563.    ITlex.  199.    FlbCiraum  31nui,  516. 
Small  thrabf. 

Drcid.— ilmfgdalatnftna,  361.   Andnut'mum,  77.    Jrtemftla.  549.    i<traph4xli,  679. 

ilttula  nina,  837.     Clstos,  54.     Compt&nfVi,  936.     CorUria,  146.     Corontlla,  247. 

D&F^ne.   686.     Dlrca,   692.     Fotbergflla,   500.     Cenfsta,   209.     Hydrangea,   492. 

i/yp|gricum,74.    /'tea,  489.    Jatmlnum.  654.    Afyrlca,  934.    Nltrirla,  467.    0n6ni«, 

229.    Pabnfo,  18.    Potentflla,  319.    /Rhododendron,  583.    BOes,  468.    Spirc'a,  299. 

Facclnium,  601.    Fella,  53.    Xanthorhlza,  19. 
Ev.  —  Andr6meda.  560.    .BupleClrum,  496.    Cassindro,  563.    Cotonetttcr  mtcroph^la, 

405.    D&phne,  686.    .Ephedra,  937.    KiilmiVi,  598.    IMom,  603.    Leiophf  Hum,  609. 

Leucdthoe,  568.    Lydn/a,  564.    Mah6nto,  5a    Perafittya,  578.    /Zhododindron,  5fi3L 

Paccfnium,  604.    YScca.  1101.    Zenftbia,  568. 
t'nder.shrubt. 

Dedd. —  ilrctoitiphylo*  alplna,  577.   i<rtemfstVi,  549.   On6nli,339.   Phalerocfirput.  Ml. 
Ev,  —  ilrctost&phylo«  UWa  tiril,  577.   AsAlea  proctimbens,  601.  Calltina,  559.   CoreonA, 

1092.    Daboe'ctVs,  572.    Epine'a,  580.    frlca,  555.    Gaulthdrio,  579.    Gypsoc&Uii, 

557.    I^um,  602.    Leiophyllmn,  602.    Oxyc6cciu,  615.    Pemittya,  578.    PhyllA- 

doce,  570.    /Macuf ,  1099.    Santollna,  548. 

Silccted  with  reference  to  their  Form  as  Bushes. 
With  compact  roundish  beads. 

Dead.  —  ilrtemisi'a.  549.  Birberis  tlAfosli,  42.  .Betula  nina,  837.  Calyeinthus.  45S. 
CephaMinthus,  544.  Coronilla,  347.  C^tisus,  213.  D&phne  Iffxemm,  686.  Genltta. 
203.  HjpMeam,  74.  LigHstrnm,  628.  Potentllla,  819.  /Zhododtodron,  583.  /UAcv, 
468.  5p{rs^a,299.  Symphorldirpos,  541.  Alyriitf a,  635. 
Ev.~~A(icub<h  511.  /hiplettrura,  49&  .BKixus,  703.  iMiphne.  686.  HypMcum  Kal. 
muinum,  74.  Mah&nia,  60.  PhiU^rea,  631.  /2hodod6ndron,  583.  {Tlex,  199. 
flbtimum  Tlnus,  604. 
With  open,  rather  irregular,  heads. 

Decid.  —  Am6rplia.  23a    Jlkccharis,  546.    Bf&ddlea.  670.    Coliltea,  244.    Cotone&ster, 
405.    PhiladSphus.  460.    Piptftnthus,  198.    /thtis,  186. 
With  conical  or  pointed  heads. 

Ev.  —  Oiprfcsus.  1073.    Tlex,  156L    JunSperus,  108a    ITlez  strlcU,  199. 

SeL'ctcd  with  referemu  to  their  Mode  of  Growth. 
Bushes  with  upright  shoots  and  branches. 

Deeid.  —  Caragi^na^  S37.    Cdmus  (a)  ttrlcta,  501.    inbtscus,  62.    Jasrolnum  f^iiticana, 
654.    Kirria.  298.    Leycestirio,  543.    PhUadelphus,  460.    £pirtiam,  202.    5pirae'a, 
299.    TILmarlx,  458.    Myricilria,  456. 
Ev.  —  Junlperus  c.  su6cica,  1081.    I7Mex  e.  strtcta,  19'J.    Tlxus  b.  strlcta,  989.    ThiUa 
o.  strlcta,  1068. 
Bushes  with  pendent  shoots  and  branches. 
Climbers. 

By  tendrils,  or  grasping  fibrils. 

DrcidL  —  Ampelopsis,  139.    jitr&gene,  16.    CI6matis,  S.    Ahtb  radlcans. 

186.    7¥coiiM,66l.    Fltls,  136. 
Ev — Blgn5nfo,660.    irMera,497.    5mllax,  1093. 
By  twining  stems. 

/)£ricf.  — ilrlstolbchia,  701.    Berchtei^  169.    Celfcstms,  154.    Lonfoera, 

526.    Afenisp^rmum,  89l    Pcrfploca,  658.    Wistana,  248. 
Ev.  ~  Lonicera,  526. 
By  elongated  slender  stems. 

Decid  — r  Jasmlnum   officin&le,  654.     Z,^cium   etiropc^um,   665.     iSJMa, 
numerous  sorts,  321.    /liibus,  311.    SOUnura  Dulcamara,  663. 

Ev /I5sa,  several  sorts,  321. 

Trailers ;  the  brandies  Prostrate,  but  not  generally  rooting. 

Decid  —  j4rctostaphylos   alplna,   577.     Decumkria   bfirbara,  466.     BXbes   pro. 

striitum,  468.    Adbus.  31 1 . 
Ev.  —  ifrctostiphylos  U>a  tirti,  577.    AiUea  procikmbens,  601.     Cotoneiitter 
microphf  11a,  405.  Gaulthdria.  519.  Juniperus5ablnaprostrata,1080.  Tinea,  657. 
Creepers ;  the  branches  prostrate  and  rooting. 
7)fd».~/?h<Ss,I86.    /tttbus,811. 
Ev.  —  Epigs'a  ripens,  58a    Mahbuia  rdpens,  60.    Oxyc6ccus,  615. 

Selec'ed  trith  r^erence  to  their  Foliage. 
Duiatfon. 

Deciduous. 

Dereloped  early  in  spring. 

Decid Cratsc^'gus,  352.  £u6nTmus,  149.    /fyp6ricum,  74.   £ig:dstnim,  6a8» 

Ribes^4l».    /{6sa,331.    Stoibiicus,  513.    £pirse%  299.    Syrtnga^iSX\. 
Developed  late. 

Deeid — Arlllla,  496.    Oilycinthus,  452.    Cephaliothus,  644.    filMacas.GL 
Palidrus.  168.    Ticoma.mi. 


WITH   RErEBENCE  TO   THEIR    USES    IN    PLANTATIONS.       Ixv 

Fcnistiiii;  remaining  on  io  a  vithered  tUta. 

i>Ktf.— Crenlsu,  SOS.    i/ypMcum,  74.    Jiinlpenu  rectirra,  108a    Ondais,  229. 
Pocaattlh,  aid. 

Bvcigiwu  learec 

AwtrftiMda.  360.  J'rtratiu,  573.  ilrctmUphrlot,  577.  Aicuha,  511.  Ass- 
ies. 001.  Berherit,  42.  iftixtu.  703.  Callana,  559.  Caiandra.  562.  C'e- 
nnu.  276.  Cordnui,  1092.  Cotone^ter,  405.  DaboeVra,  572.  Diphne,  (P^C 
fmpetrum.  1091.  A'phedra,  937.  Euiga^a,  580.  iTrlca,  555.  Girrya,  92ti. 
GaulUi^ria,  579.  Gypsocillii,  557.  iiypericum,  74.  iMex,  156.  Juniperus, 
lOhO.  KaXmia,  598.  /.ddum,  602.  Leloph^llum,  602.  Leuc6thM,  568.  Lr- 
tela,  564.  Mah6afa,  SO.  Pernettja,  578.  Phill^ea.  631.  Ph7ll6docr,  570. 
PrlDos,  163.  /{Munous,  I7QL  Rhododendron,  ."MS.  J?bM,  321.  iSotmarlnu*, 
672.  iTuKus,  1099.  5antoUna,  548.  Tlxut.  939.  ThOJar  1068.  CTlex,  199. 
;  acdnium,  604.     nbtfmum.  516.     Yificca,  1101.    Zen6bia,  563. 

BfergTMn,  from  tbe  colour  of  the  shoots. 

tkad Coll^tui,  17&     C^tlsus  scopAritts,  213.    K'phedra,  937.     Genltta.  203. 

Jarnilnimi  oOcioile,  654.    5pirtium,  202.    LTlex,  19. 


ArMoUlM,  182.    Bfrbena  adiUca,  42.    CVstua.  54.    Cf  tisus  birailttu,  and  C.  capi- 
titua.  213.    LcToettdrra, 'MS.   I.lgd*tnim  TulgAre  aemperTlrena,  628.    Photiiila 
aerTuUu.40aw    HtML,Z2l.    rdla,53. 
Farmaadckaractar. 
Sfanple 

Large. 

DeoUL  — CaIycAntbiai.452.  Chim<niinthui,  454.  Cl6niiu,50].  Cotone4itor, 
405.  £u6nymus  latifbliut,  149.  ifamamdlU,  499.  HibUaa,  62.  Hy- 
dringea,  492.  I^eyoMtdria.  543.  Philadclphus,  460.  Photlnia,  403. 
iZbododendroD,  583.  Ahas,  186.  Rtttet,  468.  5pirae'a,  299.  Sj/ringa, 
635.  fib^roum,  516. 
Em.  —  J^euba,  31 1.  Cerasuf  Lauroc^ratua,  and  C.  lotltAnlca,  276.  GArrya, 
926.  GaulthdrtVi  SAi^fon,  579.  Kilmi<i  latifdlia,  598.  iShododdodron,  583. 
/*lex,  156.  Y£eea  gloridu,  1101. 
Small  or  narrow. 

JJedd.  —  iimfgdalof,  261.  ilrctoatipbylot.  577.  .itraphixlt,  679.  Sir- 
beris,  42.  Jfetula  nina,  837.  Bbrya,  713.  Cistna,  54.  Comptduia.  936. 
Cbriirla,  146.  C^dunia.  450.  Diphne,  686.  Fontandw'a,  638.  Hell. 
iDthemum,  58.  //IppdphaC,  698.  /'tea,  489.  Ligiistnun,  628.  NitiAria. 
467.  ShepberdM.  700. 
Ev.  —  J'rbutus,  573.  Bh-berit  dtilds,  42.  Blkxva^  703.  Cotone^ter,  405. 
Diphne,  686.  Ifrp^ricum  K»lmidnum  74.  /.Mum  latifbUum,  602.  Leu . 
c6lboe,  568.  LyoniVi.564.  i'hill>^Tea,  631.  Prlnos,  163.  Ahodod£ndroi., 
583.  ifuKut,  1099.  f'acclniom,  604.  yiiocafilament^Manguatifdlui,  1101. 
Linear,  heacb-Uke,  or  needle-like. 

Dead.  — i/yp^ricum  •erpylUAUum,  74.  Myrlcirla  gerroinica,  4JI9.  Phalc 
rodb-puf  «erpyllildUa,  581.  PhyI16doce  «mpetrif6rmi«,  570.  nmarlx 
gillica,458. 

Ew 'Andrdmcdo,  56a    Asalea,eoi.    Callftna.  559.    Cordma,  1092     Pa 

b(e'csa,572.  £'mpetrum,  1091.   £r)ca,  555.  Gypioc&llia,  557.  yuniperui 
1080.    Ldoph^llum,  602.    iZosmarlnui,  672. 
CompoQsd. 
Large. 

D<ctf..-Am6rpha.  90.    AriUia,  496.    Cbmtea,  244.    Pmbaia,  IB.    ithlki 

typblna,186.    Aoaa,321.    5amb<icua,  513.    Stapbylda,  147. 
£v.  ~  Bfahdniki,  50.    iSdia,321. 
SmalL 

DwHf.— Cal6phaca,  243.    CaragHna,  237.     CoronlUa,  247.    (^tisus,  21? 
Genifta,  203.    Halimodfodron,  242.    Jatmlnum,  654     Onbola,  229.    Pc- 
tentilla,319L    Xanthorblu,  19. 
Cfikor. 

b  dsddiKMu  abruba  when  first  dereloped,  or  in  early  aommer. 
U^t,  or  yellowiah,  green. 

Deeid.  —  Caragdna,  fSl.     Pftlaua,  213.    Dirca,  692:     (Tenlsta,  208.     Ay- 
pericum,  74.    Xantborhlia,  19. 
Glanooos  green. 

Decid:  —  Jrtemlsio,  549.    itfocbaria,  546.    ITtiplelinim,  498k    Ooliitea,  244 
flaeAgnua,  696.    Halimodindron,  242.    /fippdphae,  606.    Myrldirla,  459 
jRiAe«cdreuni,andiZ.triflbnunnlTeum,468.  Santollna,  648.  Sbepb^rd/a 
70a     Tlmarix,  458. 
Ev.-~  Yieca,  1101.    Zen&blii  palTeral6nta,  663. 
Pnrple. 

Dead.  —  C6ry lus  if velUna  porpiirea,  921 .    B4rb€riM  Tulgftna  purpbrea,  42. 
Taricgated. 

Drotf.  — AristotiUa.  182.    /nbfM;ua,6l    Jatmlnum,  654.    Irtgtistrum,  62K 
i>bttaddphua,  46a    /2bbui,311.    5amb0cus,  513.    SoUnnm  Dulcamara, 
663. 
Er,  —  A6euba,  511.     J9Axtu,  708.     iTMera,  497.     Tlex,  166.     JKhodcv 
dtodron.  583.    JZhftmnus  ^latfiraos,  17a    rtixus,  939.    ^bdmmn  Tlnus, 
61&    Ftnca,  657.    YUcea  giorioaa  TariegiLta,  1101. 
la  flhmte  lo  autumn  before  falling  off. 
Bed. 

DrciU.  — AmpeMpaia,  139.    JBfr6«rt«,  42.     Comot,  501.     £u6nymua,  14!*. 
PhoCinia,  403.     i*bnica,  456.     iRiodod^ndron,  58a     /Oiiki  typblna,  18(k 
l^accfnium,  604.    Kitia  vinlfera  fMiti  rubetc^ntibui,  186. 
TeOow. 

Dcctf.— Jrlatoldcbia,701.  B(rberit,4i.  Blgnbnia,  660.  Biiddlea,670. 
Caragina^fN.  Chimon&nthus,  454.  Cftlias,  213.  Genlata.  203.  Uj- 
pArlcom,  74.  ithUi  C6tinua,  186.    Bibet,  468.    Tfcoma,  661. 

d 


IXV.        ANALYSIS  OF  THE  COMMONER  TREES  AND  SHRUm. 

Oreen,  or  without  changing  coloar. 

Dead JTupletirum,  49A.   Hfdringea,  492.    Ligi&struin  Tulgftre   temper* 

Tirens,  62H.    /tdbu*,  311.    .S]p4rtlum,  202.     {Tiex,  199. 
Brown,  or  without  bright  colouri. 

Dreid.  —  Paubnia,  18.    PotentiUa,  319.    /Ztlbut,  31 1 .    SflrtetX  2S>9. 
Fragrant  leavet. 

Decfd.  —  if  rteraliia,  549.    //yp^ricum,  74.    Junlpcrus,  lOSO.    Afyrlca,  934. 
Ahus  .-iroraiiticu,  186.    AfZ»r«  nigra,  468.    /ibsa  rublginbi.t.  321 .    Aosma- 
rinui.  (u'2.    Sambiicus,  513.    SantoUna,  548.    SoUnum,  663. 
Ep.  —  Juniperus,  1080.    Zadrut,  681. 

Selected  toith  rderenee  to  their  Flowers. 
Produced  in  early  spring. 
Red,  blue,  or  purple. 

Deeid.  —  Wm<'Kdalut  ntna,  261 .    CydAnfa  Jap6nica,  450.    Z)£phne  Mrxh-eum,  666. 

iZhodod^miron  dattricum,  583.    Bibes  sangulneum,  468. 
Ev.  —  G)  psoc&Uit,  557     TZhododeudron  diiiiricuni  atrovlrens,  583. 
Yellow  or  orange. 

Decid.-^Caragdna„lSft.   Chimoninthus,  454.   C6rnus  ro&a,  501.  K6rr/ii  jap63icaL, 

298.  Ribes  ailreum,  668. 

E«.  —  D&phne  Mahbnf'a,  50.     U^\e%  curopa'a,  199. 
White  or  whitieh. 

DccM.  —  Cotoneister,  405.    Hagn61ia  conspicua,  21.    Ribet  cdrcum,  4G8.     S»ca- 
phylda,  147. 
Variegated. 

DnrrV.  —  Andr6meda  poliR>lIa,  560.    Dipbne  MexSrevnit  686.    Ptetma  Mortem, 
18.    R'tbes.ifA. 
Produced  late  in  spring,  or  the  beginning  of  summer. 
Red,  blue,  or  purple. 

J>CfV/.  ^  Amdrpha,  230.     Cistus,  54.     CCtlsus,  2ia    Halimod^ndron,  242.      H»H- 
<nthemuni,58.  On6nl8,22g.  ifhodod^'ndron.583.  Ribes^A^,  A6sa,321.  Spirae^a, 

299.  Si/ringa,  635. 

J?p.  —  ^rlca,  555.    Kfilm/a,  598.    /rhododendron,  683.    A5sa,  821. 
Yellow  or  orange. 

Decfd.  —  Birberis,  42.    Bdddlea,  670.     Cal6phaca,  243.     Caragdna,  237.     Clstua, 
54.    C^tisuB,  213.    Dfrca,  692.    Genista,  303.     HHianthemuin,  .^8.    HypbTicwm^ 
74.    Jasmlnum,  H.M.    Pipt&nlhus,  198.    /Rhododendron,  583.    Bibes,  4tai.  JibiSL, 
321.    5p&rtium,  202. 
Ev.  — Hypericum,  74.    Mah6nia,  50.    Ahodod^ndron,  583. 
White  or  whitish. 

Dircid  —  .\ndr6niedfl.  560.  Bftry«,  718.  r6mu5,  .WI .  Cn?oneA;ster,  405.  Tichtzia, 
465.  Jaiimlnum.  6.M.  7<igOstrura,  628.  Philadclphus,  4W.  PhoMnia.  IkI. 
Bibrs,iSS.  Adsa,  321.  5ambilcus,  513.  5pira*a,  2(i9.  St/nnga,  COb.  Mbur- 
num.  51 'i. 
Ep.  —  Cass&ndra,  562.  Girrya,  926.  Leuc6thoe,  568.  LybniVr,  564.  /'hill^rca. 
631. 
Variegated. 

Decfd.  -_  .4tniph£xi«,  679.  Cistus,  54.   Colttea,  244.    Coronllla.  247.    Ont^nia,  229. 

/thododendron,  .S83. 
Ev.  — Azalea,  601.    i>iphne,  686.    Erica,  555.    Gypsocillis,  557.    K&lmiVi,  r^tK. 
Produced  in  autumn. 

R«.d,  blue,  or  purpit*. 

i)fc/W.  —  Ceanbthus,  180.     D&phno  Mexireum  autumnile,  686.     l/ibftcua.   62. 
/26sa,  321.         Ev.  —  Erica,  555. 
Yellow  or  orange. 

Decfd.  —  Chimon/inthus,  A!A.    Hamam&Us.  499.    //yp^rlcum,  74.    Paliiirus,  16^ 
Rh%A,  321.    5partiuTO,  202.         Ev.  ~  C/Mex  nilna. 
White  or  whitish. 

Decfd.  —  //ibfsrus,  ('12.     775.4.1,  321.    ^*ambilcus  canadensis,  513.    Solloum  Z>uica- 

mUra  ftlha.  (V«.    .S'pine'a.  ytO. 
Ev.  —  ^'ibJitus,  573.    Girry/i.  926.     nbAmum  rinus,  516.     Y6oca,  IIOI. 
Varlep.ited. 

Drr/</.  —  Amdrpha,  230.    Aristotiilf/?,  IR2     //ibiscus,  62.    Leycestdrni,  543.   A6uu 
321. 

Ev i^'rbutut,  573.    Gypsoc^llis,  557. 

Fragrant  flowers. 

De<fd — Cftlyc.1nthu<!,  4.^2.    fcrasus  AfaAd/tfA,  276.   Chimonftnlhus,  4iV4.    ricmans 
Flaramula.'2.     Cfcisus  Aahdrnum  frilgrans,  218.    Dfijihne  3/<aiVrttw,  ns6      //y. 
pericum,  74.    Jasmlnum,  G54.    Lonlcera,  526.    i>hiladelphus,  460.    /?6&a,  321. 
Sainbdcus,  513.     Springa,  635.     Fitis,  136. 
Ep.  —  Jasmlnum  ofBcindle,  654.    /{ftsa  lemperTlrena,  321.    Rosmarinus,  672. 

Sel.cti'd  with  reference  to  their  Fruit  or  Seed. 
Large  JU»d  showy. 

/>cnf.— Cydbnia,450.    /;i6»  GrossuUrla,  468.    /258a,  821.    Etbus,  311. 
Kv.  —  il'rlnitus.  573. 
Small,  but  conspicuous  from  colour  and  Quantity. 

Dea'd.—Birberis,42.  CArnus,  601.  Cotone&ster, 405.  Cratn^us,  3."i2.  Dfiphne,  r»Hfi. 
Eu6nymus,  149.  Wippdphac.  098.  LiK^istrum.  628  Lonirer/i,  62r..  /.vriiim,  Oif,' 
3fyrtca,  934.  Perlploca,  W8.  /ZhCis,  186.  BibeSjiGR.  Sambticug.  513.  ►•>hophLTclia' 
700.  5olinum,  663.  Symphoric^rpus,  541.  Facclnium,  604.  nbCrnum,  516.  f'ltis! 
136  ^***« 

Ep. -1  Cotone&ster,  405.  rrat«*gufl,  352.  Oaulth^rro,  679.  f/6der;.,  497.  /Mcx,  166. 
Juntperus.  1080.    Mah6nia,  50.    Bdscui^  1099.     Tacdnlum,  604.     flbtirnum,  516. 

Si  i.Milar  in  form  or  character. 

Zircirf.  —  Bdddloa.  670.    Caldphaca,  243.     Calyc&nthus,  452.    Cephalintlius.  Mi.     (j,}. 
moninthus,  4.M.      Coliitca.  244      Eudn^nius,  149.     MagnMia,  il.     JPalitirua,    iKgL 
VhyfilAnthus,  G.'iO.     StHpJjylOa,  147. 
Ep.  —  Magn51iVT  ir-indillbra,  21. 


ANALYSIS  OF  THE  GENERA  DESCllIBED, 
ACCORDING  TO  THEIR  LEAVEa 


*-«**j^'.  (M 


ixiL     JUn-malt  or  oppotiu.  Herniate 


LEAVES  SIMPLE 


I  Di  ladoUlcd      - 

«■  corditd.  S-neTTed,  irltb  iphiH  Id  ths  i 


Ixviil 


ANALYSIS   OF   THE   GENERA 


LanceoUte,  conduplicaie  when  young 

Oralis  oonrolute  when  young     .  .  - 

Ovate,  conduplicate      .  .  .  . 

Roundish,  downy  when  young    .  *  - 

Lanceolate,  often  nearly  en^re  -  .  • 

Oblune,  uiually  unequal  at  the  baset  harsh  to  the 

touch 
Oblong,  unequal  at  the  base,  rough  above 
Lanceolate  or  ovale      .  .  -  > 

Lobed,  with  glands  In  the  serratures 
Deeply  cut  or  lobed,  fan-nerved 
Entire  or  serrated. 

Orate,  tomentote  beneath  .  .  - 

Ovate,  the  dibk  oblate,  and  the  petiole  oompreNed  - 
Ovate,  glabrous,  aromatic  in  odour 
Ovate,  sometime*  cut    .  .  .  - 

Oblong-lanceolate         .  .  .  - 

Ovate,  rough  above       .  .  .  - 

Roundish,  rough  .  .  .  - 

Dentate,  notched,  or  otherwise  cut  at  the  edges. 

Ovate,  variously  lobed  -  -  . 

Denticulate,  3-nerved  -  _  - 

Lobed,  angular,  or  toothed         ... 

Lobed,  or  deeply  cut    -  -  .  - 

Ovate  or  obovate,  with  soft  starry  down  - 

Palmate  and  subtrilobate  ... 

Palmate,  sinuatcd         .... 
Entire,  serrate  or  dentate,  or  otherwise  cut  at  the  edges 

Rough  on  the  upper  surface 
Evergreen. 
Entire. 

Full  of  pellucid  dots     ... 
Serrated. 

Wedge-shaped,  pinnatifid 

Lanceolate,  glaucous  beneath     - 
Entire  or  serrated. 

Shining  -  -  -  - 

Deciduous,  evergreen,  or  subevergrecn. 
Entire. 

Large,  aromatic  when  bruised    « 

Linear,  small,  semi-cylindrical 

Oval  or  ovate   -  -  - 

Serrated. 

(];onduplicate  when  young 

Lobed  or  sinuated,  sometimes  lanceolate 

Besprinkled  with  resinous  dots 
Entire  or  serrated. 

Ovate  or  lanceolate    .  .  - 

Ovate  or  elliptic  ... 

AUemate,  exitiputate. 
Deciduous. 
Entire. 

Oblong,  articulated  with  the  stem 

Peltate  or  cordate         ... 

Cordate,  ovate,  or  lobed 

Ovate,  serrated  at  the  apex 

Lanceolate,  soon  dropping  off   - 

Deeply  cut  and  divided,  apparently  compound 

Membranous,  heath-like 

Oblong,  coriaceous,  shining 

Cordate,  ovate,  or  lanceolate 

Fascicled,  lanceolate 

Fascicled,  coriaceous,  glaucescent 

Linear-lanceolate,  hoary 

Minute,  caducoui,  evergreen  bark 

Lanceolate,  coriaceous,  pale  green 

Oblong  or  lanceolate    ... 

Lanceolate,  beset  with  scales  or  stars  of  halrt 

Linear-lanceolate,  scaly  and  silvery 

Cordate,  downy  beneath 

Ovate,  shining  ... 

Linear,  in  alternate  fascicles 

Linear,  2-ranked,  flat  ... 
S«rrated. 

Ovate,  aruminated      ... 

Ovate,  acute  ... 

Oval,  mucrooate         ... 

Obovate,  cuneated,  serrated  at  the  tips     - 

Oix>vate  or  oval,  glabrous  on  both  surfaces 

Cordate  or  lobed,  and  rough 

Lobed  variously,  sometimes  entire,  hairy 
Entire  or  serrated. 

Oblong-lanceolate,  or  linear 

Ovate,  obovate,  or  oval -lanceolate 

Ovate-acuminate         ... 


:  ilMT'ODALUS     • 
Pl'MICA 

Ml 

K5 

'  ilRMBNl  ACA      • 

Pbu'ncs 

967 

270 

Ka'RjUit 

398 

AMELA'aCBtBR 

411 

3fE'lPILUS 

414 

j  U'Luvn      .    - 

715 

Cb'ltis 

787 

5a'lix  . 

744 

Liquida'mbar 

939 

Salisbu'iu^i    . 

944 

Cydo^wia 

450 

Po'PCLUB 

819 

^b'tula 

837 

/'a'gus 

905 

Casta*nba 

911 

r  Ca'rpinub 

I  O'STYRA 

916 

919 

CO'RYLUS 

991 

/TiBi'scua    -    - 

62 

Zl'XYPHirS 

167 

(^RATf'UUS 

352 

Rl^BES      - 

468 

FoTllEKGl'LLil 

500 

f^'cus  - 

m 

712 

Pla'tandb 

. 

927 

.     A'LV\3% 


.    Illi'cium 


CoWA*NM 
STBANVi^a/if 

Pboti'nia 


MAGNo'L/i4 

Chbnopo  dium 


CB'rasus 
Qub'rcub 

AfYRfOA 

Ruk*uv\n 
Cbano'thus 


AsfmiSA 
Mbnisps'rmum 

Co'CCl'LUS 

Nemopa'ntbbs 
Spa'btium 
AwTzm'%iA     - 
Mbkzik'b/^ 

^lOSPY  ROS 
SYRi'jtOA 

Ly'cium 
Cbabo'wbkm  - 
Di6tm 

CALLt'oONUM 

Di'rca 

ii\'UA     . 

Elxk'ghvb 

i/lPPO'PllAB 
i^RISTOLo'CHlA 

Maclu'b^ 
Xa^bix 

Taxo*di(tm 
Malachodr'mobon 

STOA'RTf^ 

Bkbchb^mij  - 

Lo\VKA 

Cle*thba 
Jtfo'Rrs 

BB0USS0NB>Xj| 
i?A'CCMABIB       - 

•Sty'bax 

HaLB'U^ 


.  632 


.  90 

.  321 

.  403 

-  408 


621 
675 


276 
846 

9»4 

170 
180 


38 
39 
40 
154 
202 
549 
609 
625 
635 
665 
669 
677 
680 
692 
693 
696 
698 
701 
711 
1053 

1077 
71 
79 
169 
352 
5^1 
705 
710 

546 

618 

6ao 


ACCORDING  TO   THEIR  LEAVES. 


Ixut 


Dentate,  noccfaed.  or  ocherwlM  cat  at  the  edges. 

Lanceolate,  acute         .  .  -  . 

Oval,  mucrooate  .  .  .  . 

Pfanarifldly  dentate,  downy,  with  resliioas  particles 


KntiTe. 

Lobed  or  peltate,  coriaoeoui,  ihiny 

Lteear.  cha%,  niiall,  whorled   - 

Aeerote,  whorled,  glabrous 

Acerute,  trigonal.  Imbricate  In  4  rowt 

Linear-laaceolate,  mocronutate 

Aoenwe,  rery  small,  imbricate  • 

Aceroie,  on  short  petioles 

Oral,  coriaceous 

Lioear,  spreading,  heath-like 

Aceroie,  elliptic,  flat,  downy  beneath 

Cordate^vate 


Verticillately  temate,  bods  naked 
Oral,  caar&L,  glabrous,  small     - 

linesr  or   ovate,   margins  revolute,   coriaceous,  7  »_«_,,„ 
tomentose  beneath  » ^^  ""'■ 


i'TBA    - 
ZSMO^BM 
COKPTO'  ttJA     ' 


Hi'DKRA 
fai'CA  . 

GvnocA'LLis  . 
Cau.u'na 

ANDao'MKOiC    • 
CASSrOPX 

Cassa'ndk^    - 

Pl'SRIS 

PRYtLO'DOCX 

DABCB'ciil 

Epigji*a 
Ka'imja 
Leiopuy'llcm 


Narrow  or  linear,  crowded 


J 

1 


[ 


Linear,  sheathed,  needle-like     - 

Linear,  Mattered,  needle-lilM     . 

Linear,  3-rowed,  needle-like 

Linear,  in  alternate  fascicles 

Aoerose,  imbricate        ... 

Linear,  tongue-shaped,  obtuse  - 

linear,  needle-shaped,  spreading 

Alike  green  on  both  surfaces,  usually  florlferous 
Ensiform,  pointed,  alike  on  both  surfaces 

Scmted. 

Linear,  small,  crowded,  spreading 
Boundlth-OTai,  small   .... 

Eotire  or  serrated. 

Terminating  in  a  tendril,  cordate,  oblong 
Oblong.lanceolate,  coriaceous,  shining  . 
Lb>ear,  solitary,  more  or  less  2-rank(N^     - 

OsQtste,  notched,  or  otherwise  cut  at  the  edges. 
Orate-oral,  coriaceous,  often  prickly 
Oblong  or  ovate,  small,  odour  of  turpentine 
Linear,  hoarr  or  silky  beneath  ... 
Linear,  small,  rowed,  tomentose  - 

Pinnatifid,  tomentose,  white  and  mealy  beneath     • 
Sbinulose,  coriaceous   .  ■  .  . 

Orate,  small,  approximate,  stiff,  shining  . 
Orate,  subcoroita,  dilate,  coriaceous,  glabrous,  or  ) 
shining  J 

DecUooas  evergreen. 

Entire. 

Unear,  stem-clasping,  small       .  .  - 

Linear,  broader  at  the  base,  sessile,  small 
Oblong,  coriaceous,  sessile,  glaucous 
Obovate  or  oval,  coriaceous,  crowded,  glabrous 
Terminated  bv  a  sphacelate  (withered)  apex,  or 

yeilow  gland 
Ovate  or  elliptic,  smooth,  small,  with   revolute  { 


Phlo'mis 

AoSMARrNUM    - 

Lava'ndula    - 
6'a'lvia 

Pl'NUS  - 

^'bies  . 

Pi'CBA  - 

Cb'drus 

ARAUCA*aiA      - 
/I'MPKTRrM      - 

Cerati'ola     . 
Corb'ma 
^r'scus 
YtyccA 

Bbya'nthvs    . 
Pbalbboca'bpus 

HUTl'S/if 

^'RBUTDS 

CUNNlNOHA^MIil 

Tlbx  - 

DuVAU'il 
STAHBLI^Nil     . 

Santoli'na 
5bnb^cio 
Lbuco'thou    . 

PBRNB'TTYil     . 

Gaulthb'b/4  " 


7*a'marix 
Myrica'ria     - 

Lyo'n/^ 
I  Abododb'noron 


I 


margins 

Lanceolate,  blnntish     .  .  .  - 

Broad,  lanceolate,  glabrous        .  .  . 

Lanceolate,  smooth  on  both  sides 
OTateHX>rdate  or  hastate 

Spathulate,  with  a  fkosty  hue     .  .  - 

Oblon^poittted,  sometimes  lobed 
Linearnimceolate,  small 
Serrated 

Oblong,  coriaceous,  smooth,  downy  beneath 
Entire  or  serrated. 

Oval  or  lanceolate  -  . 

Obovate  or  oblong,  full  of  resinous  glands,  smooth 
Obovate,  coriaceous,  shining 
Membranous,  often  beset  with  resinous  dots 

Reticulated,  alike  00  both  sides 

Evcfgieiu  or  subevergreen. 

Dentate,  notched,  or  otherwise  cut  at  the  edges. 
Coriaceous,  in  tufls  at  the  axils 
Obovate,  glaucous       ... 
ortntiptOate. 
Deddoous. 
Dentate 

At  the  apex  obcuoeate 
^^  ,,         Ovace,  uiequal  at  the  base,  rough,  dark  green 
P>clduoos.  evergreen,  or  subevergreen. 
Entire. 

Generally  woolly  beneath 


i 


OXYCO'CCtS      . 

A»GA*NIA 
BXJUK'LIA 
FOMTANB^S/il    - 

^ola'num 
Traoopy'rdm 
Lad'bcs  - 
Osy'bis 

PmVvot 

ESCALLO^MM    . 
ilBCTOBTA'PB  y  LOS 

Facci'nium     . 


Pc'bsrm 

PLA'MBBil 


Cotonba'stbb 


66S 

996 


497 
555 
557 
559 
S60 
Kl 
563 
570 
570 
57-2 

«.♦» 
602 

6oa 

673 

672 

672 

673 

950 

1025 

1036 

1057 

1062 

1091 

1093 

1093 

1099 

1101 

571 
581 

Ml 

573 

1061 

156 
193 
546 
548 
550 
568 
578 

579 


-  458 
.  459 
.  495 

.  564 

-  583 

.  615 

.  622 

.  623 

.  638 

.  663 

-  678 
.  681 
.  695 

-  73 

-  163 

-  490 

-  577 

-  604 
.  lOA 


42 
53 


397 
725 


405 


Ixx 


ANALYSIS    OF   THE   GENERA 


OppotUe,  stipuiaU, 
Deciduous. 

Entire. 

Minute,  cRdacous,  bark  erergreen 
Oval-elliptic  .  -  -  - 

Wliorled,  oval  .  -  -  . 

Digitate,  7^-Iobed       -  -  - 

Serrate. 

Ovate.4CtimiDate  .  .  .  . 

Deciduous,  evergreen,  or  subevergreen, 

Entire,  connate       -  -  -  .  - 

Serrate  or  dentate,  petiolate,  and  shining 

Serrate  or  entire,  petiolate,  shining 
Oppoute^  exUipulaU. 
Deciduous. 

Entire. 

Ovate-laiiceolate,  S -ribbed 

Lanceolate,  glabrous,  large       .  .  - 

Ovate  or  lanceolate,  shining       .  -  . 

Cordate,  large  .  .  -  - 

Lanceolate,  reticulately  veined 
Cordate,  undivided  or  3-lobed,  large 
Lanceolate  or  ovate,  beset  with  silvery  scales 
Lanceolate,  with  very  short  petioles 

Serrate. 

Ovate  or  cordate,  soinctixnes  lobed 

Lanceolate,  rough,  with  dots     .  -  - 

Serrated  or  entire 

Oval-acuminate,  scabrous  -  .  . 

Dentate,  notched,  or  otherwise  cut  at  the  edges. 

Variously  lobed  (one  Tariety  deeply  locinaite) 
Dentate  or  entire. 

Glabrous,  entire,  or  toothed  at  the  apex  . 

Entire.  ,  .  ^    _., 

Ovate«lanceolate,  evergreen,  pale  green  with  yellow 
spots  .  -  -  -  - 

Elliptic,  glabrous,  small  .  .  . 

Lanceolate,  shining       .  .  .  . 

Ovate,  ciliote,  shining  .  .  -  • 

Roundish,  coriaceous,  smooth,  shining     • 
Serrate-  * 

Oblong,  with  revolute  edges,  small  -  « 

Serrate  or  entire. 

Wavy,  leathery,  dark  green,  shining 
Deciduous  evergreen,  or  subevergreen. 
Entire. 

Undivided,  sessile,  or  sub-sessile,  dotted  - 

Lanceolate,  downy       .  -  -  . 

Ovate-lanceolate,  membranous,  glaucous 

Lanceolate,  glabrous    -  -  -  . 

Linear  and  scale-like,  caducous,  bark  evergreen  • 
Serrate. 

Ovate-lanceolate,  sometimes  linear,  mostly  deci- 
duous  >  -  -  -  - 

Dentate  or  entire. 

Petioles  embracing  the  stems     - 

Opposite  or  aUemaUt  ttipulate. 
Evergreen. 
Entire. 

Rhomb-shaped,  bearing  a  mealy  powder 

OpporiU  or  alternate^  exstipulate. 
Deciduous. 

Entire.  ,     ,  , 

Lanceolate,  sometimes  whorled  - 
Oblong,  small-fascicled 
Deciduous,  erergreen,  or  subevergreen. 
Entire. 

Smooth,  oTaUlanceolate  -  - 
Rigid,  pale  green  on  both  sides  - 
Glabrous,  shining,  sometimes  small 

Linear,  more  or  less  2-rowed     - 

Scale-like,  closely  imbricated,  compressed 
Scales  situated  under  the  joints  of  the  branches     • 
Linear,  adpressedly  imbricate     - 
Scale-shaped,  minute,  soroetimes  linear   - 
OppoatU  or  altemeOe,  stipulate  or  exsttpyiate. 
Subevergreen. 
Entire. 

a-nenred  or  feather-nerred,  hoary  or  pilose 

LEAVES  COMPOUND. 

AUemaU,  stipulate. 
Deciduous. 
Entire. 

Bitemate  or  biplnnate,  strong.smelled     - 
Pinnate,  3— 5.foliolate - 
Xrtfoliolate,  pilose,  or  pubescent 


Collb'tu 

Symphorica'cpob 

Cbphala'nthub 

• 

17i 
Ml 
544 
673 

Dibrvi'llJ     • 

- 

525 

LONI'CBR^ 

AristotbYxj  - 

FlUV'tiHVU 

- 

5S6 
183 
516 

COBIA^BIA    - 

Chiona'ntbos 
Peri'ploca 
Cata'lpa 
Bu'DDLe 
Paclo'wnj^   - 

SHEPIIE'RD/il    - 

Bo'ry^    - 

146 
634 
658 

670 
660 
671 
700 
713 

Hydra'noba  - 

IFA            '          - 

. 

493 

548 

C  iPRILADSaPHUS 

I  Dbv^ua 

• 

460 
465 

if'CBB 

. 

79 

1  Dbcuma^ria    . 

- 

466 

1 AVCVBA        '     - 

511 

Aza'lba 
Philly'rba     - 
Fi'nca 
^'xus 

m 
m 

m 

601 
631 
657 
70S 

•     IUXGI'HDA 

• 

166 

GA'BRYil  - 

» 

996 

CHypb'ricdm    - 
'I  Jndross'mum 

.     BENTHA'MJil     - 

.    Leygestb'rm 

LlOD'STBUM      - 
f PUEDRA 

. 

74 

77 
607 
543 
628 
937 

I  fOO'MYUCS       • 

- 

149 

Cl'lTOS   - 

- 

54 

•     il'TRIPLBX 

- 

676 

■    Pd'nica  - 
.    Nitra'ria 

m 

456 

467 

.    Co'rncs  - 

rrscL'M  - 

.    J[>a'phnb  - 

C  Ta'xds    - 

iTORRB'Yil 
■      rHU'JA      - 

.    Ca'llitris 
.    CVprr'ssus 

.     JUNI'PERUS        - 

- 

501 

508 

686 

939 

943 

1068 

1072 

1073 

1080 

.     HBUA'NTHXmrM 

• 

A8 

Pmo^hia 

.       18 

Ptb'lea 

-    143 

AOBNOCA'BPUa 

-  2xr 

ACCORDING  TO   THEIR   LEAVES. 


.XX. 


Impari-friiuate   .         -  ~  .  . 

Impari-pfinnace,  beiet  with  glands 
Abruptly  ptonate.  leaflets  mucronate 
Abrufitlr  pinnate,  leaflets  2  pairs 
lBipaii.piaiiate,  leaflets  orbicular 
Impan-ptanate,  stipules  small    .  .  . 

PianAte,  petioles  permanent       .  .  . 

Abrapclf  pinnate,  and  bipinnate,  or  simple 
Bipifluate,  4 — 7  pinnae      -  • 

Serrate. 

Pinnate,  3— 13.roliolaie  .  .  . 

Irapari-pinnate,   doubly  and  treblj  serrate,  rvrf 
Urge 
Dentate,  Odtclied.  or  otherwise  cut  at  the  edges. 

Impari-pinnate,  with  ovate  leaflets 
Dentate  or  serrate. 

Trifoliolate.  stipules  connate      .  .  . 

Dcddnous.  erergrren,  or  subevergreen. 
Entirs. 

Trirnliotate,  leaflets  elliptical-oUong 
Trifoliolate,  often  pubescent       .  .  . 

Imparl  •pinnate,  glabrous  .  .  . 

Serrate. 

Imparl-plnnate,  stipules  attached  to  the  petiole      - 
Dentate  or  lorrate. 

Digitate,  pinnate  or  lobed,  rough 
mmuae^  exstipmltu. 
Oeddtious. 
Entire. 

ImpaH-pinnate,  with  11—13  leaflets 
Ini  pari -pinnate,  with  9 — 11  leaflets 
Imparl- pi nuate,  leaflets  petiolate 
Impari-pinnate,  leaflets  oval,  pointed 
Serrate. 

Trifoltoiace  or  bipinnate,  leaflets  ovate    - 
Impari-pinnate,  5 — 19  leaflets      .  -  . 

]mi>a:l-pinnate,  5— 15  leaflets      .  -  . 

Impari-pinnate,  17  leaflets,  sessile 
Dentate,  notched,  or  otherwise  cut  at  the  edges. 
Parnate,  pinnate,  or  bipinnate 
Impari-pinnate,  teeth  glandulous  on  the  under  side 
Evergreea. 

Dentate  or  serrate. 

Pinnate,  coriaceous,  dark  green  * 

Derldnous.  evergreen,  or  subevergreen. 
Entire. 

Impari-pinnate,  reddish  groen    - 
Conjugate,  trifoliate,  tendriled 
QffMir,  Uipmiate. 
Drdduous 
Serrate. 

Pinnate,  with  compound  and  partial  stlpnlct 
Dentate,  notclied,  or  otherwise  cut  at  the  edges. 

Pinnate,  the  pinnae  often  bi-glandular  at  the  base 
Dentatf*  or  serrate. 

Pinuately  divided,  leaflets  irregular 
^ffpa*^,  attipulait. 
Deddaottt. 
Serrate. 

Bit(*rnate,  leaflets  oblong  lanceolate 
Impari-pinnate,  leaflets  nearlj  sessile,  buds  black*! 
( One  variety  has  simple  leaves,  p.  642.)  J 

Imp<in-pinnate,  buds  ash -coloured 
Impari-pinnate,  leaflets  7—9,  petioles  marginate    - 
Dentate,  notched,  or  otherwise  cot  at  the  edges. 

Impari-pinnate,  3—5  leaflets       ... 
Palmate,  leaflets  rough  ... 

Palmate,  leaflets  smooth  ... 

Dcddnons,  evergreen,  or  subevergreen. 
Entire. 

Pinnate,  fax  decosuting  pair*      ... 
^HmuUor  oppoate,  siipuiaU. 
Subevergreen. 
Entire. 

Pinnately  cut.  hairy  ... 

LEAVES  SIMPLE  OR  COMPOUND. 
^'■mMtr.  atiptUate. 
Dccidnotts. 

Serrate  or  entire. 

Simple,  or  unequally  pinnate      ... 
Simple,  but  sometimes  pinnately  divided 
DentaU^  or  serrate. 

Usually  simple,  but  sometimes  pinnately  cut 
DrrUoous,  evergreen,  or  subevergreen. 
Entire. 

I.anceo1ate.  linear,  or  trifoliolate 
Tr  ifoliolate  or  pinnate 


Auo'traA 

EvSBNIlA'RI>T/il 
CaRAOA'NA      . 

Haumode'ndron 
Cau/phaca    - 

CULU'TBA 
ifSTRA'GALUi    . 

Glboi'tsch/^  . 
Gymno'claous 

m 
m 

23f 
232 

2ar 

2 

24v 
24C 
246 
249 
265 

Xamtbo'xtldm 

m 

142 

(Ara'ua  . 

- 

496 

KfiLRBtrri'Bi^ 

m 

134 

Oho'nm  . 

m 

221 

PiPTA'NTHUI    - 

Ct'tiiub  - 
Coromi'lla     . 

m 

196 
218 
247 

J?0*SA       . 

m 

821 

HV*BV»  - 

- 

811 

SorpBORA 

VlBCl'L/^ 
ROBI'N/^ 

Wistaria       - 

m 

195 

197 
233 

248 

Ci'ssi;s 
Ju'glans 
Ca'rya 
Ptaroca^rta 

m 

141 
732 
735 
743 

Ampelo'psis    . 

AtLA'NTVS 

m 

139 
145 

MAIIO'K/it 

- 

50 

Pista'cia 
Biono'm^ 

• 

184 
6dU 

Stapbyik'a    . 

m 

147 

Sambd'cus 

- 

biif 

XANTHORBrXA 

- 

19 

wiTRA'GBNB 

16 

FtLx'ximn 

639 

O'tLsm 

TrCOMA 

&5I 
661 

Nsavyi>o 

jE'SCl'LCS 

Pa^ti^ 

122 
124 
128 

CLr^matis 

• 

2 

POTENTI'LIA      . 

• 

319 

.    Pt'rus 

-     5P1RJB^A 


GWl'STA 
■/•SUI^NUM 


186 
417 

299 


203 
654 


EXPLANATION  OF  SIGNS,  &c. 

Under  the  titles  of  the  orders  are  given  signs,  intended  to  show  at  a  glance  the  general  habit  of 
the  trees  or  shrubs  described  in  each  order.  These  signs  represent  large,  small,  and  mlddle-dzed 
plants,  and  are  as  follows ;  the  first  sign  in  each  row  Indicating  a  deciduous  tree  or  shrubs  the  noct 
an  evergreen,  and  so  on  alternately :  — 


afflffliii 


1.  Roand-headed  trees ;  such  as  the  oak^ 
ash,  elm,  beech,  chestnut,  kc  De- 
ciduous and  evergreen. 


8.  ft  3.  Spiry-topped  or  conical  trees  ; 
such  as  the  spruce  fir,  silver  fir,  larch, 
pine,  deciduous  cypress,  ftc.  Deciduotn 
and  evergreen. 


□□□QQy 
□□□□□□ 


I 


1 


uUUlJuU 


Az. 


4.  Fastigiate  trees ;  such  as  the  Lomhardr 
poplar,  evergreen  cypress,  pyramidal 
oak,  ftc.    Deciduous  and  evergreen. 


5   Drooping  trees;  such  aa  the  reeptoy 
willow,  weeping  elm,  ftc. 


6.  Shrubs  of  the  largest  sise,  and  sdio 
middle-sixed  shrubs.  Deciduous  and 
evergreen,  but  exclusive  of  tw.  lera, 
climbers,  trailers,  ftc. 


7.  Under-shruhs,  or  shrubs  of  the  smaileet 
sise.  Deciduous  and  evergreen,  but  ex- 
clusive of  twiners,  trailers,  ftc. 


9,  Twining  shrubs;  sudi  as  the  honey- 
suckle, aristolochia,  ftc.  Deciduous  and 
evergreen. 


9.  Climbing  shrubs ;  such  as  the  clematlsL 
ampelopsis,  vine,  ftc  Deciduous  and 
evergreen. 


10.  Trailing  shrubs,  the  branches  of  whiefa 
lie  prostrate  on  the  ground,  bat  do  not 
root  into  it;  such  as  many  species  of 
wUlow,  Cf  tisus,  ftc. 

11.  Creeping  shrubs,  or  such  as  send  up 
shoots  from  their  creeping  roots;  as 
many  spedes  of  5plrse^a,  ftc. 


The  signs  put  before  each  individual  species  and  variety  are  the  same  as  those  used  in  the 
Gardener  $  Magaxitu,  and  in  the  Horhu  Briimmieus,  via. 
^  Deciduous  tree.  n.  Evergreen  under-shrub. 

Evergreen  tree.  _{  Deciduous  twiner. 

L  Evergreen  twiner. 
±  Deciduous  climber. 
|_  Evergreen  climber. 


ift  Deciduous  shrub, 
ft  Evi>rKreen  shrubi 
jt  Deciduous  under-shrub. 


Jk  Deciduous  trailer. 
1L.  Evergreen  trailer. 
fHH  Deciduous  creeper. 
Jf„  Evergreen  creeper. 


AcCBItTUATIONa  AND   INDICATIONS. 

All  the  botanic  names  throughout  the  Work  are  accented,  and  hare  their  origin  indicated,  as  in 
the  HortuM  Britanninu  and  the  Gardener**  Magazine.  The  vowels  which  are  sounded  short  are 
marked  with  an  acute  accent,  thus  (').  as  A'ceras  ;  and  those  which  are  sounded  long  are  marked 
with  a  grave  accent,  thus  C)»  a*  A^brus.  The  origin  of  each  name  is  indicated  thus :  if  the  naina 
has  been  applied  to  a  plant  by  the  anclenu,  the  first  letter  is  in  Italic,  as  PInus ;  if  it  is  comm» 
morative  of  some  individual,  the  letters  additional  to  the  name  are  in  italic,  as  Binksia,  Laxo- 
berti'^Mii,  Douglis/i ;  and  if  an  aboriginal  name  has  been  adopted,  or  if  the  name  is  of  uncertaim 
derivation,  the  whole  word  Is  in  Italic,  as,  Aildnha^  Caragdna,  Ac.  Where  the  name  would  otherwiae 
be  in  Italic,  as  in  the  case  of  synonymes,  headings  to  paragraphs,  ftc,  these  distinctions  are,  ol 
course,  reversed,  as  Vhtus,  Bdniuiti,  AiUntus.  All  the  other  scientific  names,  generic  or  specific,  are 
composed  from  the  Greek  or  Latin,  except  a  very  few  which  are  taken  flrom  places :  ■•  Arauciria, 
from  the  oouutry  of  the  Araucanians ;  Qu6rcus  gramikntia,  ttcm  the  estate  of  Grammont,  ftc. 

Thi  moaAviD  Fiouaas 

Are  all  to  the  lame  scale  of  S  in.  to  1  ft.,  or  one  sixth  of  the  natural  sise ;  with  the  exoeptfoa  of 
details,  which,  when  given,  are  generally  of  the  natural  size,  and  indicated  by  a  cross,  thus,  •«•. 


ABRIDGED 

ARBORETUM  ET  FRUTICETUM 

BKITANNICUM. 


T>ns  and  shrubs,  in  common  with  all  other  flowering  plants,  are  arranged 
by  botanists  in  two  grand  divisions  ;  viz.  the  Exogenous,  or  Dicotyledonous, 
Plants,  the  stems  of  which  increase  from  without,  and  the  leaves  of  which 
kire  reticulated  veins  ;  and  the  Endogenous,  or  Monocotyledonoiis,  Plants, 
the  stems  of  which  increase  from  within,  and  the  leaves  of  which  have  parallel 
veins.  The  fint  class  includes  all  the  hardy  trees  and  shrubs  in  Britain,  with 
the  excepdon  of  shrubs  of  the  genera  Yucca,  SmWax,  i2uscus,  and  one  or  two 
ochers,  which  belong  to  the  second  class.  We  shall  arrange  the  genera  and 
species  under  the  same  subdivisions,  subclasses,  sections,  orders,  and  tr&ea, 
II  we  have  adopted  from  DeCandoUe  in  our  Horttu  BrUanmcui, 


Class  L    EXaOENiE. 

Stenu  increaimgjh>m  wiihout  ;  Leaves  with  reticulated  Veins, 

Subdivision  I.     DICHLAMY'DEiE. 

Ctip  ad  Corolla  distinct,  by  which  they  are  distinguished  from  Subdivision  II., 

in  which  the  flowers  have  only  a  calyx, 

ItisbconsequeDce  of  this  high  developement  of  the  floral  envelopes,  that 
die  greater  part  of  handsome-flowering  trees  and  shrubs  are  found  in  Dichla- 
■/deae,  it  rarely  happening  tiiat  those  with  a  single  floral  envelope  have  any 
Mfitnt  coionring. 

Subclass  L    THALAMIFLO'RiE. 

Howers  un/h  Petals  and  Stamens  inserted  in  the  Receptacle 

This  subclass  contains  all  the  Polyandrous  plants  of  Linnaeus  ;  as  the  sub- 
dm  Galydfldras,  io  which  the  stamens  are  seated  on  the  calyx,  contains  all 
the  plaiits  of  the  T^mmiMMi  class  Icos&ndria. 

Section  L 

Crpefla,  that »,  the  componeiU  Parts  of  compound  Capsules  or  Fruits ,  numerous; 

or  the  Stamens  placed  opposite  the  Petals, 

Order  I.    -BANUNCULAXE-3E. 

Tbe  Diagisostie,  or  Distinctive^  Character,  or,  as  we  shall  term  it,  the  Ordinal 
ClHracter,  of  this  order,  is  thus  given  by  Dr.  Lindley : —  "  PofypetaSous, 

B 


ARBORETUM    £T    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

with  hypogynous  ttament  [that  is,  stamens  under  the  pistil] ;  anthen  bunting 
by  longitudinal  slits;  several  distinct  simple  caTT^^/Za  [fruits];  exstipulate 
leavett  sheathing  at  their  base ;  solid  albumen  ;  and  seeds  without  anllus." 
(^Nat.  St/st.,  p.  6.)  —  Climbing  shrubs  scarcely  woody,  and  low  sufihiticose 
bushes.     Natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America. 

Leaves  generally  alternate;  but  sometimes  opposite,  generally  exstipulate; 
deciduous,  or  evergreen ;  much  divided,  especially  in  Clematis,  in  which  the 
leaves  are  not  articulate  with  the  stem.  The  petioles  often  serve  as  tendrils ; 
and  are  dilated  at  the  base,  forming  a  sheath  half-clasping  the  stem.  Hairs 
if  any,  simple.  Inflorescence  smaU  in  Xanthorhlza,  and  some  species  of 
Clematis,  and  laree  in  Pseonia.  Seeds  small  and  pointed,  except  in  Pieeonia. 
—  The  species  in  British  gardens  are  included  in  two  tribes,  Clematldee 
and  Psdoniace<s,  which  contain  the  genera  Clematis,  iitr&gene,  Psboomv 
and  Xanthorhlza. 


Tribe  I.       CLEMATi'DEiE. 

TMbal  Character,  Climbers,  characterised  by  having  the  aestivation  of  the 
calyx  valvate  or  induplicate ;  with  no  petals,  or  with  the  petals  flat ;  the 
anther  opening  outwards ;  the  carpels,  or  seed-vessels,  not  opening,  on^ 
seeded,  terminated  by  a  tail,  which  is  the  indurated  style.  Seed  pendulous. 
Leaves  opposite.  Deciduous  and  evergreen  climbers.  —  The  genera  are  two. 
Clematis  and  iltr^gene,  which  are  thus  contradistinguished :  — 

C\.e'mati8  L.    Petals  none.  i^TBA^GENE  £.    Petals  several. 

Genus  I. 

.  QQEEEH 

C1-E'MATI8  L.    The  Clematis,  or  Vjxgin^s  Bower,     Lm.  S^st.  Poly- 

&ndria  Polygynia. 

IdaU&leaHon,  The  word  Klematls  wa«,  at  well  ai  Atragene.  used  by  Theopbraitoi,  to  detignste 
the  Clfimatit  ViUQba  of  Linnaeus.  Clematis  was  used  by  Matthlolus,  and  aUo  by  Cluaius,  who 
applied  it  to  C.  Vitic611a  X.  and  C.  cirrh6ta  L, 

Svnomymei.    Ladies'  Dower  Qerard\  Clfanatlte,  Fr,  \  Waldrebc,  Qer. ;  Clematide,  Itat. 

Derivation.  The  word  Clematis,  or  Klematls,  Is  derlred  fk-om  the  Greek  word  Atfnni,  a  nnall 
branch  of  a  Tine ;  and  it  is  applied  to  this  genus,  because  most  of  the  plants  composing  it  climb 
like  a  Ttne.  The  English  name  of  Ladies'  Bower  was  probably  adopted  fVom  its  sultaUencss  for 
coTerlng  bowers ;  and,  as  the  first  kind  of  clematis  brought  to  England  (C.  Vltic^lla)  was  intro- 
duced in  1569,  during  the  reign  of  Elisabeth,  the  name  of  Virgin's  Bower  might  be  intended  to 
couTey  a  compliment  to  thai  sovereign,  who,  as  it  is  well  known,  liked  to  be  called  the  Virgin 
Queen.    Walorebe  la  compounded  of  imiAf,  a  wood,  and  rrte,  the  branch  of  a  vine. 

Generic  Character,  Involucre  none,  or  situated  under  the  flower,  in  the  form 
of  a  calyx.  Calyx  of  from  four  to  eieht  coloured  sepals.  Petals  none.  Car'- 
pels  numerous,  aggrq^te,  terminated  by  a  long,  and  mostly  feathery,  tail. — 
Climbing  shrubs,  with  variously  cut  opposite  leaves.  The  recent  herb  of  all 
the  species  is  acrid,  and,  when  applied  to  the  skin,  it  occasions  blisters. 
(DonU  MUl,)  The  seed  is  pendulous,  and  the  carpels  are  one  seeded ; 
each  is  terminated  by  a  persistent  style,  and  does  not  open  until  ruptured 
by  the  germination  of  the  seed. 

Leaves  compound,  opposite  in  decussating  pairs,  without  stipules,  deci- 
duous or  evergreen ;  the  petiole  possessed  of  a  clasping  power  for  attaching 
the  plant  to  contiguous  bushes,  or  similar  objects ;  in  all  the  species,  more 
or  less  persistent  after  they  are  decayed.  Flowers  in  axillary  ramose  panicles; 
smidl  and  white  in  some,  and  in  others  larger  and  highly  coloured.     Seed 


I.  RANUNCULA^CEf  :    CLE'MATIS.  3 

a  tees  ifivested  of  its  enrdope,  BB  that  never  burats  till  after  it  it 
to  the  toil.  —  The  species  ate  included  in  four  lectiona  ;  ni. 
Vhic^la,  Cbar6pas,  and  .i^neoianiflorB. 
Root  strong ;  the  fibres  rather  straight,  and  not  ver;  much  branched  ;  ex- 
tmded  m  the  soil  rather  horizontaUy  than  peruendicularl;.  Stem  Ugneous, 
not  li^d  enough  to  itand  erect.  BraDches  the  uune,  and  slendo'.  Well 
slipted  for  cOTerii^  bowera,  or  for  ornasienting  verandas  or  trellisworlc.  The 
greiler  number  of  the  spedea  ripen  their  seed*  in  England,  and  are  eaaily 
fropa^etl  by  them,  or  by  layers.  The  seeds  retain  their  vitality  for  several 
jeara ;  they  are  of  slow  vegetation,  and  ought  to  be  sown  as  soon  as  gathered, 
in  vbich  case  they  vrill  generally  come  up  the  following  spring;  though,  some- 
dmei,  not  till  the  aecond  spring.  All  the  spedea  require  support  by  props  of 
some  kind  ;  and  all,  with  one  or  two  exceptions,  grow  freely  in  any  soil  that 
b  iderablj  dry,  but  more  especially  in  one  that  is  calcareoui.  From  the 
'''  of  these  plants,  they  are  not  vera  liable  to  be  attacked  by  insects ; 
'  ''        '  dugs  arc  occasionally  found  eating  their  young  herbage, 

j  i.    Fl&mmula  Dec. 


acridtnof  th 

KTOUwlesS, 


QEffl 


Ses6o»ai  dorachr.  iDTolncre  wanting.  Tail  of  the  carpels  long,  bearded 
utd  festherv.  Cotyledons  distinct  (that  is,  slightly  separated)  in  the  seed. 
(XWi  Jfii^  L  p.  3.)    Deciduous. 

J  I.  Cu^MKtw  FLjiMNDLAL.     The  inflammatory-juteeJ  Gematis,  or 
ttBeet-tcaded  Firgia''  Bvwer. 

ttWjlLiUju.     Ud.    Sp.,   tm.  i  Dee.  Fnd,,   I.  f.i. 


r.3.j.«l«arA-l. 

^tecficCiaTiuter  and  abridged  Descrrption. 
lievta  pinnate,  smooth ;  with  orbicular, 
oni,  obloDg,  or  linear,  entire  or  three- 
lobed,  acntiah  leaflets.  (Don't  MUl.)  A 
deciduous  climber.  South  of  Europe ; 
in  hedges  and  waste  bushy  places,  not 
Iv  from  the  sea,  and  in  soils  more  or  , 
lea  calcareous.  Height  10ft.  to  16  ft. 
Introduced  m  1596.  Flowers  white, 
•weei-scenied  ;  July  to  October.  Fruit 
while  i  ripe  in  October.  Leaves  deep 
frcen,  often  remaining  on  the  plants  till 
■oid-vinler,  and  dying  off  black. 

yarittia  and  their  Synontfmei.  The  most 
difflnct  is  C.  F.  maritima;  the  rest  are 
of  Gttle  importance. 


i  CF.  3   maiiliina   Dec.  —  Leaflets 

1  C.  F.  \   nAella    Dec.  —  Leaflets 

oral,  uaually  emai^nate.    Sepals  four,  reddish  o 


4  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUM. 

1  C.  F,   S  aeipil&ia  Dec.    C.  cietpitdsa  Scop.,  C,  FUnnnuk  Beri^.  — 
Leaflets  coinute,  entire  or  cut. 

1  C.  F.6  paniouidla.  C.  paniculitn  T%u«.  — inovera  with  the  peduncles 
simple. 
A  vigorous-growing  plant,  the  stems  of  which  rapidly  Bttain  the  length  of 
from  15  ft.  to  ilD  ft.  in  a  state  a!  culture.  The  leaves  are  subject  to  much 
variation,  from  soil,  situation,  and  climate.  The  peduncles  of  the  flowers  are 
aometiines  simple,  and  sometimes  branched.  The  colour  of  the  sepals  ia 
white,  slightly  pubescent  on  their  exterior  margins.  The  whole  plant  has  a 
dark  green  hue;  and  in  autumn  it  is  abundantly  covered  with  flowers,  the 
odour  of  which  is  of  a  honied  sweetness,  exceedinriy  disagreeable  to  some 
persons  when  near,  though  at  a  distance  it  is  notunhke  the  fragrance  of  the 
common  hawthorn.  From  the  rnpiditv  of  its  growth,  it  will  in  four  or  five 
yeati  cover  a  very  large  space  of  wall,  roof,  or  bower.  Its  herbage  is  con- 
sidered less  acrid  than  that  of  any  other  of  the  European  gpeciea,  notwith- 
standing its  name  of  FUiujuiula. 

1  2.  C.  orienta'lis  L.    The  Oriental  Clematia. 

OemlHUallim.    Lhi.  Sp.,TU.;  Dn.  Prod.,1,  j.t.t  Don'i  UIU.,  I.  f.t. 

^maifma.    Flunniura  tcudeiu  apll  roKn  gliuco,  DiU.  EttH.  144. ;  C.  akn  VimcM.  Hell,.  »«. . 

UiaEuttm.  or   nKDw-eomrna,  Vlr^n'a  Bowgr;  C  itiOa  H'UU.  I    C.  oditaltaa  Hort-i 
ClfanatlW  orimiUfs.  Fr.  ;  Uorgcnliiidiiclifl  Waldnt*,  Otr. 
Engraaingi.    Dill.  Eltli..  t.  119,  f.  lU.  ;  Uldour^.t. 

Spcc.Char,,^c.  Leaves  pinnate; 

leaflets  smoo  th,wed  ge-sbaped, 

with   three  toothed  pointed 

lobes.  (Bon'iMUl.)  Adecidu- 

ous  climber.  Levant  and  Cau- 
casus.   Height  10  ft  to  15  ft. 

Introduced  in  1731.  Flowers 

greenish  yellow  sligbtiy  tint-  ' 

ed  with  russet,  8  weel-acentedi 

Jul)',  August,      Fruit  white  j 

ripe    in    October.       Leaves 

somewhat  glaucous,  dying  ofT 

black  or  dark-brown. 
Farieliei.    C.  gla&ca  Willd.  and 

C.  ochrvleiica   Hort.  are,   by 

some,  alleged  to  be  varieties 

of  C.  orientalis ;   but  we  do 

not  consider  them  sufficiently 

distinct  for  varieties,  and  have, 

therefore,     included      these 

names  In  our  synonymes. 

The  general  magnitude  of  this 
^ecies  resembles  that  of  C, 
Fl&mmuhi,  froni  which  it  differs 
in  its  ulterior  branches  being 
more  persistently  ligneous, 
though  the  main  stem  in  old 
plantH  is  sel<Iom  seen  lo  thick  at 
that  of  C.  FUmmula.  IE  is  also 
distinguished  from  the  latter 
species  by  throwing  un  suckers 
freely,  which  the  oiner  does 
not.  Its  leaflets  are  ftlaucous, 
Sa^   laiKC    as    compared   whh 

those  of  C.  Flfimmula  ;  and  it  *■  «"*»"•,««*»•■ 

does  not  produce  flowers  so  profusely  as  that  species.    The  flowers  an  ycl- 


I.    AANUNCULA  C 


bwUi,  and  not  so  Mjongly  icented ;  and  the  carpels  are  diuimilw,  thou^ 
tfiU  cottonj  in  appeartnce  when  the  seed  ii  ripe. 


Spte.(3ar^ir.  Leaves  pinnate ;  leafieta  ovate-lauceolste,  quite  endre.  Pedun- 
t\tt  few-flowered,  longer  than  the  leaves,  Oraries  lunially  four,  with  almost 
Baked  tatb.  (Dou't  MUL.)  A  deciduous  climber.  China,  in  the  island  called 
Danes.  He^t  10  ft.  tol5ll.  Introduced  in  ISfiO.  Flowers  ?.  LtaTespur- 
[riiib  green,  retained  till  rendered  Uack  by  fhwt. 
ApItntintheHor- 

tinltuial      Sodety's 

Girdcn,  grows  vigor- 

outlri^unit  a  wall, 

prooDCLng  shoots  as 

kng  and   strong   as 

cboM  oT  C.  Flammu- 

b;  sad  retaining  its 

leans  till   tbey   are 

bEackened  bi^    frost. 

Il  has  Dcrer  flowered; 

\xst,  in  it!  leaves  and 

in    giDcnl   i^pear- 

Hmble  C,  orientUia, 
eucpt  that  the  leaves 
■re  of  s  iaik  pur- 
pbh  green,  instetul  o( 

bring  glaucous. 

i  *.  C.  Vita'lb*  L.     The  White- Vine  Clematis,  or  Traveller'!  Joy. 

lad-.l.iLa.:  Siallb'iGai.  FI..S.p.».i  Don't  HUL  l.p.  4. 
Ill  ijlTtarti  Die:  i  C.  luiniu  hu  Jtiigms  ffoy ;  C  tlicn 


sTUwu 


te  qdH  •  pUnu.    While  Vim  li 
{■RiH  at  the  tail!  of  Ilia  evpd'  ' 


Vjna. 

tSri«t  CI^TiiiKl  sorjtri.'i^ 
^M;  Cbr.,  ^.   Leave*  pinnate ;  leaflets  ovste4anceolate,  acuminated,  cordate 


M    ET    FRUTICETUM    BBITANNICUH. 

at  the  base,  parti;  cut.  Peduuclee  foiled,  ahortcr  than  the  leaves,  (Do»'t 
Mill.)  A  deciduous  climber  of  vigorous  growth,  Europe  and  Britain,  in 
hedsei  and  copaea,  alwaya  indicating  a  calcareous  soil.  Hdiht  ISA.  to 
30ft.;  b  rich  soil,  and  id  a  iheltered  situation, 50 fi.  to  lOOft.  Flawera 
white;  August,  September.  Fruit  white;  ripe  from  October  to  February. 
LeaTca  long  retained,  and  dj'ing  off  black  or  daik  brown. 

than  those  of  any  other  speciea,  an- 
gular, climbing  to  tlie  height  of  20 
or  30  feet,  or  upwards,  and  hanging 
down  from  rocky  cliffs,  ruins,  or  the 
branches  of  trees;  or  being  supported 
bf,  and  forming  tulis  on,  ihe  upper 
Burface  of  other  shrubg  or  low  trees, 
which  they  oflen  so  completely 
cover  as  to  have  the  appearance  of 
bushes  at  a  distance.  The  footttalke 
of  the  leaves  are  twined  about  what- 
ever object  they  approach,  and  after- 
wards become  hard  and  persistent, 

like  the  tendrils  of  a  vine.  The  leaflets  are  either  quiteentirejOrunequally  cut; 
sometimes  very  coarsely  so.  The  panicles  are  BKillar;  and  terminal,  many- 
Sowered  and  downy.  The  flowers  are  of  a  greenish  white  colour,  with  tittle 
show;  but  they  have  a  sweet  almond-like  scent.  The  seeds  (/g.  6.^  have 
long,  wavy,  feathery,  and  silky  tails,  forming  beautiful  tufls,  most  conspicuous 
in  wet  weather.  The  French  gardeners  use  the  twigs  instead  of  withs,  lor  tying 
up  their  plants  ;  andmake  very  neat  baskets  of  them  when  [>ee]ed,  and  also  bee- 
hives. The  twiea  are  in  the  best  state  for  making  these  articles  in  winter ;  and 
thar  flexibility  is  increased  by  holding  them  to  the  Sre  before  uung  them.  In 
gardens  and  plantations  the  ulant  is  valuable  for  the  rapidity  with  which  it  may 
be  made  to  cover  naked  walls,  unsightly  roofs  of  Eheds,  or  low  buildings  anil 
arbours ;  and  for  a  variety  of  similar  purposes, 

*  L.    The  Virginian  Clematis. 


1.  SiapAM^t    C.  trllimiU  Hon.  j  Uw  bnwl-lwnt  CmuiI*  VIrgtD'i 

udeVlrgliite.  A-.i  VIrgluUclK  WaMnbr.  Orr. 

.  Den,  Brit,  ((£e  rule  pilot),!.  74.  ;  iBiviiJIt.f, 
Spee.Char.,^c.  Flowers  panicled, dicecious.  Leaves 
temate;  leaflets  cordate,  acute,  grossly  toothed, 
or  lohed.  (Don'i  Mill.)  A  deciduous  climber, 
Canada  to  Florida,  in  hedges  and  near  rivers. 
Height  10  fl.  to  15  fL  Introduced  in  IT67. 
Flowers  white  ;  August,  September,  Fruit  white. 
Decaying  foliage  brown  or  black. 
Fanett/. 

1  C.v.  $  bratieata  Dec.    C.hracteata  Munch. 
— Leafleu  ovate-lanceolate,  entire. 
The  general  appearance  of  this  plant  is  like  that 
of   C.   Vitilbaj    but  it   is   less   robust   in   all   its 
parts,  and  less  ligneous  in  its  stems  and  branches  ; 
and  it  is  also  somewhat  more  tender.      Panic  es  e.  niDimii  riiiuuiu. 

trichotomously  divided,  with  small  leaves  at  the  divisions.  Sepals  4,  whitu 
obovate,  exceeding  the  stamens.  Flowers  often  dioecious  or  polygamous.  (7W- 
and  Gray.'^  Miller  states  that  it  seldom  ripens  seeds  in  Bn^endt  but,  as  it  ii 
dioedous,  it  is  possible  that  he  possessed  only  the  male  plant. 


1.  danuncula'cx-e  :  cle'hatis. 
X  6.  C.  «ba't«  VaU.     The  gratcful-xniM  Clematis. 


1^.  Qla-^  4'c-    Ftowoi  axil* 

Iffy,  paidcledj  learei  lubbi- 

tmMc,  jSknm ;  leaflets  cor- 
dite, aciuiiinated,  serrated, 

SJobed;  sepals  obtuse.  (G. 

Dos.)  A  deciduoua  climber. 

N(n].ODraDui]tains.Heieht 

lOfttoiSft  iDtroducedin 

1S3L  Flowers  white. 

Ooselj  reaembling  C.  tit- 
Dniuia,bat  rather  more  hoaiyi 
■od  eqnillj  hanjj,  though  it 
bs  ooc  ;et  Sovered  (reel;  in 
tbe  raien  lir.  A  shoot  intro- 
ibced  ipio  the  inside  of  a  stove 
b  the  Chelsea  Botanic  Gar- 
den,  from  a  plant  on  the  out- 
nd^  flontfed  there  in  1833. 
iWeat  in  niiraeries  at  C. 

lopalaiiis.  t.  atawr"^ 

i  7.  C.  Vio'bsa    L.     The  road-onwnienting  Clematis,  or  lealAay-Jloaeral 
Virgin'i  Bower. 

.    Lto.  Sp„I6S.i  Drc.PJOi.l.p.V.;  Do 

r ^„  rkpcui   Rag;    Fitmuull  K 

*■  Jdt  ;  tba  Vlr^EiUn  CUntov  ^  i 

iiilo«^.9. 

Sprr.  Our.,  ^.  Peduncles  l-flovered.  Sepals  conntvent,  thick,  acuminated, 
n4eiedBtthea4>ex.  Leave*  smooth,  [nnnate;  leafleta  entire,  3-lobed,alier- 
nste^  male,  acute,  floral  ones  entire.  (Don't  MiU.)  A  deciduous  climber. 
PrnntjiTania  to  Georgia.  Height  6  ft.  to  12  ft  Introduced  in  1730.  Flowen 
purple  without,  whitish  within  i  June  to  August.  Fruit  white ;  ripe  in  Sep- 
iniiber.    Decajiug  leaves  retained  bng,  and  djiiDg. 

offblK^  k 

Porirfy.    C.  r.  2  corJdIa.    C.  cordaU  jS&bi  Soi.Wag.^ 

t.l8IB^  and   our  j!g.  9.  from  that  plate;  Cl^m.P 

Sbuii  Sweef  a  Uort.  Brit. 

Tiit  qieciea  is  striking  in  the  dissimitarit;  of  its 
lowtn  to  those  of  most  other  species.  It  is  of  vigor- 
^  ETovth,  and,  eaclusite  of  its  flowers,  assimilates 
■oC.Vhicilla;  but  its  stems  and  branches  are  less 
^Kidedlj  hgneou*.  The  stems  are  numerous,  slender, 
a>d  rauidi  tbe  peduncles  of  the  flower  are  long, 
<Ukied  cowards  the  tip,  rendering  the  flowers  pen- 
<li>loas ;  the  sepals  never  t^en,  except  at  their  ex- 
'"BK  ends,  which  are  bent  back,  giving  the  whole 
kvcr  a  bell  shaoe,  but  with  the  mouth  of  the  bell 
■vrower  tbin  the  bodj.  The  sepals  are  of  a  neenish  purple  or  reddish 
Bic  on  the  outside,  and  of  a  very 'rale  green  within.  The  Ktamens  scarcely 
aage  firmn  tbe  sepals.  The  carp«^  are  broad  and  flat  -,  as  they  ripen,  the 
>d  becomes  bent  ia  and  plumose,  and  of  a  brawniih  green  colour.      It 


ARBORETUM    ET    FBUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH 


frame.  Ae  its  brancbea 
■re  not  very  decidedly 
ligneous  or  persistent, 
but  conMBt  mostly  of 
annual  shoots  from  a  ' 
BuffhiticDse  base,  and 
are  not  much  branched, 
the  plant  doei  not  ex* 
hibit  a  bushy  head.  It 
thrives  best  m  bog 
earth,  kept  somewhat 
moist,  in  which  cir- 
cumstance it  differs 
from  most  of  the 
woody  apedes  of  06- 
mads.  It  may  be 
increased  by  layers, 
though  not  BO  readilv 
as  fi^om  seeds,  which 
it  produces  in  abund- . 
ance.  This  species,  C. 
c^llndrica,  and  C.  re- 
ticulata, being  neither 
very  woody,  nor  very 
luxuriant  in  growth, 
may  all  be  treated  as 
herbaceous  plants,  to 
be  BupfHirted  during 
the  flowering  season 
by  temporary  props. 
Few  border  planta,  in- 
deed, will    be    found 


'.  cvli'ndriCii  Stmt.     The  cylindrical-^ouwmf  Clemali*. 

HI. In Bo>. Hif..  1. 1 IW.  i  Dec.  PrDd„I.  p.  r.  1   Don'i  ULIl.,  I.  p-l.)   Tor.ud 

Inn  Lou.,  but  DM  of  Linn.;  C,  VUraiAndr.  Id  Bal.Srji.;  C.  dlTirtctU  Jasf.^ 
•■i>  luiii-uuscicd  VliglD'i  Ba««r:  Climultv  1  hHifun  FleuTi.  Fr. 
Eatmlnti-    Bot  Ui(..  I.  llW.i  Bol.  Rrp..  l. Tl.  i  uilaur.^.  ja 
^>tc.  Char.,  ^,     Peduncles   1-fiowered.     Sepals  thin,  acuminated,  reflexed 

at  the  apex,  with  wavy  margins.     Leaves  slender,  pinnBCe ;  leaflets  stalked, 

ovate  or  oblong,  middle  one  sometimes  trifid, 

floral  ones  entire.  (Dim'i  MiU^    A  deciduous 

climber.    North  Carolina  and  Florida.    Height 

3ft.lo5ft.  Introduced  in  1802.  Flowers  large, 

purplish  blue,  nodding  ;  June,  August.     Fruit 

white ;  ripe  in  September. 

DeCandoUe  describes  this  species  as  related 
to  C.  Vi6ma,  reticulata,  and  crispa,  and  dis- 
criminated it  from  these.  C.  cylfndrica,  he  says, 
diflcrs  from  C.  Vi6ma,  in  the  seements  of  its 
leaves  being  entire  and  not  trifid  ;  m  the  flowers 
being  blue,  not  reddish  lilac  and  pale  within,  and 
twice  the  sixe  of  those  of  C.  Vi6nia ;  in  the  sepals 


.  SANUKClJLACEf  :    CLEMATIS. 


....  uoflhecoiiai»ten,-e 
tt  piper,  with  the  margia  wnTcd ;  the  ovaries 
IJ-15.  Dot  2^^.  C.  c^Undrica  iliflen  from  C. 
Rlici^sta  ID  its  leaves  being  in  coDEislence  paperr, 
Mt  letther; ;  acsrcely  TOned,  not  reticulalely 
lODed ;  and  in  other  points.  C.  cylindrica  closely 
rcMmbles  C.  crispa  in  habit  and  mode  of  flowers 
ing ;  but  diSen  from  It  in  its  sepals  being  waved 
D  (be  maipn,  not  rolled  backvardi,  iii  its  lai^er 
lonrs,  and  especially  in  its  carpels  haviiig  long 

bcvded  tails,  and  not   naked  ones.     C,  Vioma      mt.  rrairi^ntnuiMriiMihir. 
tod  C.  cjluidricB,  seen  together  in  a  living  state, 

Mt  lay  dissimilar  in  appearance.  C.  Vioma  has  vigorous  long  branches  aod 
reddish  Bowers,  which  are  acom-like  in  figure,  except  that  they  have  n  spread- 
iu  iDoutb ;  there  is  also  obvious  dissimilarity  in  tne  foliage  end  shoots,  C. 
tjmdnca  bong  almost  herbaceous. 

J  9.  C.  rkticula'ti  Wall,     The  net-vedned-isoord  Clematis. 

.;  D«6  Prod,  1.  p.  I-; 

Ini/f'  liwk.  1  tha  nHIciJ 


Spn.  C^.,  4c.     Peduncles  1 -flowered.     Sepal 

cooiuveDL      Leaves    coriaceous,    netted   with 

nerves,  smooth,  pinnate ;   leaflets    stalked,  3> 

bbed  or  entire,   ovate.   (Om'i  J^iil.)     A  de- 

ciduom  climber.      S.  Carolina  and   Georgia. 

Height  6  ft  to  &  ft   Introducedin  1812.  Flow- 
en  pale  purplish  red ;  June  to  August.    Fruit 

Thite;  ripe  in  September. 

Leaflets  sll  petiolulate,  1  in.   to  1}  in.   long,  /^iS^ 

■nfiriikd  or   Toriously   lobed,  the   lowest  psjr  jjIK. 

S-faned,  Bometimea  rather  acute  and  mucronate. 
Pedundes   bnger    than    the    leaves.       Flowers 
>  luge  as  in    C  crispa.      Sepals   dull   purple, 
onteJncetdate,  velve^  externally.    Tails  of  the 
opels  bi^     (Tor.  and  Grey.)     In  C,  Vi6rna 
the  sepals  do    not   divaricate,   except   in   their 
RcnTTed  tips;  while  in  C.  reticulata  the  sepals 
eipiad  in  the   mode  of  those  of  C.  Viticeila. 
A  side  view  of  a  flower  less  expanded  resembles 
MTE  [be  flower  of  C.  cyllndrica,  but  the  cylin- 
drical portion  is  aborter.     The  Sowers   (sepalsj  ii.  atnuiiinuciiiMi' 
of  the  two  are  differeDt  in  colour.     Hie  leaves  of  C.  reticulata  arc  veiiiLii, 
f  k  BDfdied  in  the  specific  name.    The  stems  ere  scarcely  ligneous. 
1  10.  C.  Hbndkkso^//  Chandler.     Henderson's  Clematis. 

Spec,  dor.,  fc.  Peduncles  1-flowered,  much  longer  than  the  petioles  of  the 
leaves.  Sqials  long,  wrinkled,  refleied.  Leaves  bipinnate,  leaflels  ovate- 
antaiinate.  A  deciduous  climber.  Hybrid.  Height  Bft.  to  lOft.  Cult. 
1835.  Flowers  bluish  purple ;  June  to  September.  Fruit  white. 
Tht  steal  and  foliage  bear  a  general  resemblance  to  those  of  C.  Viticeila, 
>Ule  the  flowers,  in  magnitude  and  colour,  and  the  leaflets  in  shape  and 
toniiig,  reKemble  those  of  C.  inlegrifblia  ;  but  the  icpals  expand  much 
wider,  in  the  manner  of  those  of  C.  Viticeila.  This  plaut  is  apparently  a 
bvbtid  between  C.  Viticeila  and  C.  integrif&lia,  having  the  flowers  of  the  latter, 
■d  the  leaves  and  stems  of  the  former.     It  was  raised  by  Mr.  Henderson, 


10  AnBOBETUM    KT    FRUTrCETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

nuraerymiui,  of  Pine-Bpple  Place,  and  finit 
flowered  in  the  nursery  of  Mr,  Chandler, 
by  whom  it  was  named.  It  maj  tkirly  be 
dencribed  as  one  of  the  most  ornamental 


species  of  this  section,  from  the  largeness 
of  its  flowers,  their  long  footstalks,  which 
make  them  stand  out  distinctly  from  the 
foliage,  the  great  profusion  with  which  they 
are  produced,  anci  the  long  time  the  plant 
o  produce  them.    Layers, 


}  ii.     ViticeUa  Dec 


G0LZI 


Se(d.  Char.  Involucre  wanting.  Tail  cf  the  pericarp  (that  is,  of  the  carpel) 
short,  beardless.  Leaves  ternote,  or  decompound.  Stems  climbing.  (Omfl 
Afiil.,  i,  p.  9.)     Deciduous. 

1  II.  C.vi.o'RiDk  Thun.     The  tionii,  or  tkoiBy-JIouiered,  CiemBiit. 

KtmUflaaim.    Tamb,  FL  Jap.,  Ma  i  Ok.  Find..  I.  3.  ;  Ddd'i  Ulll.,  I.  p.  9. 

SftaifrMt.    Atrk^tat  \ai\ci  Saf. ;  Aaifeae  edclila  eiri.i   Cl^nuilie  k  (TindH  Finn,  IV.  I 

jnii.liliiIlilgeWiidn.lie,  Gcr. 
Eittrathlfl.     ShniBcil.  Mag,  t.  (St.;  Aadr.  BM.  Rep.,  t.  401.  ;  uii  am  fig.  it. 

;ipec.  Char.,^c.  Peduncles  l-Howered,  longer  than  the  leaves.  Leaves  ternately 
decompound ;  leaflets  ovate,  acute,  quite  entire.  Sepals  oval-lanceolate, 
much  pointed.  {Don't  Mill,)  A  deciduous  climber.  Japan.  Height 
]Ofi.to  12fL  Litroduced  in  1776.  Flowers  white; 'June  to  September. 
Fruit  ?. 

X  Cf.  t.fioreplino  Hort.  has  the  stamens  changed  into  floral  leaves, 
which  may  be  denominated  petals.  It  js  very  handsome,  but  the 
petals  have  frequently  a  tinge  of  green,  which  renders  it  less  oma- 
mental  than  the  single  species,  in  which  the  centre  of  the  flower  is 
comparatively  inconspicuous,  while  the  se[ials  are  large,  and  of  a  pure 
white. 

J  C.  /  3  Jiin  pieno  naiaeeo ;  C.  f.  Sieb6ldij  D.  Don  in  SweeVt  Brit. 
Fbw.'Gard.    2d  ser.  p.  396.;    C.  Sieb61ij[i   Paxtoa's    Hag.    Bot 


r  ■ 


I.  AANUNCULA^CE^:    CLEMATIS. 


11 


14.    C.flMdafl.  vUvloliK 


p.  147. ;  C.  bScolor  Hart. ;  and  our  fig,  14. ; 

IS  in  all  respects  the  same  as  the  last,  except 

that  the  petals,  or  centre  of  the  flower,  are 

of  a  rich  violet  colour,  approaching  to  purple. 

It  was  sent  from  Japan  to  Europe  by  Dr. 

Sieboldt;  and   introduced  into  England  in 

1836.    It  is  a  most  ornamental  plant,  and  as 

hardy  and  easily  propagated  as  the  other  va- 

ri^y  or  the  species. 

The  stem  is  slender' 
and  striated ;  climbing 
to  the  height  of  15  ft. 
or  upwards  when  it  is 
trained  to  a  wall  with  a  faTourable  exposure, 
though  never  becoming  very  woody.  The  flowers 
are  large  and  handsome,  either  in  a  single  or 
double  state ;  and  these,  with  the  neatness  of  its 
foliage,  and  the  slendemess  of  its  stems  and 
branches,  give  it  such  an  air  of  elegance,  that  no 
lover  of  plants  should  be  without  it,  who  has  a 
earden  in  which  it  will  thrive.  North  of  London 
It  requires  a  wall ;  and  in  Scotland,  as  well  as 
in  France  and  Germany,  it  is  generally  kept  in 
the  green-house.  A  mode  of  pruning  plants  of 
this  species,  by  cutting  them  down  to  the  ground 
1&.  cuutofldiUk  ~  annually,  though  not  generally  practised,  is  said 
to  produce  vigorous  shoots  and  fine  flowers.  This  species  never  ripens  seeds 
ia  England,  and  is  therefore  only  propagated  by  layers. 

i  12.  C.  CJERU^EA  Undl,    The  blue,  or  vwlet-fiowered.  Clematis. 

.    JAdOL^  in  Bot.  Reg.,  t.  1985u 
C.  asdrea  grandifllMa  8ieb. ;  C  grandifldrm  Hart, 
BoC  Reg.,  t.  19S6.;  and  oar^.  16. 

Spec.  Char^  ^c.  Leaves  spreading,  hairy,  temate. 
S^ments  ovate-acute,  entire.  Peduncles  1- 
fiowered.  Sepals  6  to  8,  oblong,  lanceolate, 
acute,  membranaceous.  Margin  distended. 
(Liadl,)  A  deciduous  climber.  Japan.  Height 
lOft.  to  12  ft.  Introduced  in  1836.  Flowers 
bbe;  June  and  July.    Fruit?. 

A  five-growing  and  profuse-blooming  plant, 
with  the  habit  of  C.  florida.  Flowers  large, 
noiet^oloiired,  with  deep  purple  stamens.  It 
ta§en  horn  C.  fl6rida  in  the  colour,  delicacy, 
and  transparency  of  its  blossoms,  and  also  m 
its  leaves  being  only  once  temate,  and  in  the 
Kpals  not  touching  and  overlapping  each  other 
at  the  edges.  Culture  and  propagation  as  in 
C.ildrida. 

-I  13.  C.  Viticb'lla.It.    The  Vine-Bower  Clematis. 

MoMeaiiom.    lio.  Sp.  762. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  I.  p.9. ;  Don'i  Mill.,  1.  p.  9. 

SSST^viSSlla  delioldea  Mtenek;  the  red-flowered  Lady**  Bower,  Gerardi  Itallenuche 
yiJurdbe,  Ger. 

Flor.  Grac.,  1 516. ;  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  565. ;  and  our  ftg.  17. 


Spec.  Char^  ^c.  Peduncles  l-flowered,  longer  than  the  leaves.  L^ves 
ternately  decompound,  lobes  or  leaflets  entire.  Sepals  obovate,  spreading. 
(Don's  Mili.)  A  deciduous  climber.  South  of  Europe,  m  hedges,  on 
calcaKoas  soiL    Height  10  ft.  to  15  ft-    Introduced  in  1669     Flowers  blue 


12  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETITM    BRITANHICUH. 

or  purple ;  July  to  September.     Fruit  white ;   ripe  b  October.     Dccajing 
foUage  black  or  brown. 

1  C.r.i  arriika.  —  Flowers  blue. 

1  C.  V.  2  parpirea.  —  Flowers  purple. 

1  C.  F.S  multiplex  a.  Don.  C.  pulchilla  Pert.  —  Flowers  double,  blue. 
Tiiis  variety  produces  more  robust,  more  extended,  and  fewer  shootx, 
than  the  siiiEle-flowered  blue  or  purple  varieties. 

1  C.  K.  *  icniafoUa  Dec,  C.  tenuifolia  luaitinica  Toam. ;  and 

1  C.  V.i  baccata  Dec,  C.  campanifldra  Hort.  \   are  varieties  which  we 
have  not  seeo. 
C.  Vitic£lta,   and   all   its   varieties,  arc 
tolerably  robust    and    viizorous    in    their 
growth,   and    decidedly  ligneous ;   though 
plants,  individually,  do   not   endure  many 
years.     They  are,  perliaps,  the  most  beau- 
tiful and   most  estimable  of  all  the  kinds 
of  clematis,  for  the  purposes  of  floral  de- 
coration.   For  the  mere  covering  of  bowers 
and  other  objects,  they  are,  however,  less£ 
suited  than  C.  Vitalba  and  C.  Fl^mula;  as'' 
these  grow  faster,  extend  farther,  and  each 
yields  a  greater  aggregate  of  herbage,  and 
BO  covera  better :   but  none  of  them  can 
vie  with  C.  Vitic^Ua   and   its  varieties  in 

beautyi   more   eBpeclallj  with   the  single  ,,    cum.B.  vmrfuk 

purple  and  the  single  blue. 

1   14.  C.cahpaniflo'ra  Sro^    The  bell-flowered  Clematis. 


S».i  s'.'fir.  Fl'-GtM.,  a 
»riH.t.«17.;  indoor A.IB, 

Spec.  Chdr.,  ^c.  Pedun- 
cles I -flowered,  some- 
what longer  than  the 
leaves.  Leaves  biter- 
^elj  decompound ; 
leelteU  entire,  or  3- 
lobed.      Se[Mls   half- 

S reading,  dilated  at 
e  apex,  wavy.  (Don'i 
Mill.)  A  deciduous 
sufirutescent  climber 
of  vigorous  erowCh. 
Portiigal,  in  nedgea. 
Height  lift,  to  15ft. 
Introd.1810.  Flowers  f 
white,  slightly  tinged 
with  purple ;  July  and 
August.  Fmit  white. 
Defying  foli^e  dark 


'■-^•c. 


8  panrifiora.    C.  parviflora  Fitch,  of  GiJtiingen.  —  Flowers  rather 
aroaller  than  in  the  species,  sepals  crisped  at  the  edge*.    H.  S. 


I.    HANUNCULA^CE^ :    CLE'maTIS. 


13 


The  habit  of  growth  of  this  plant  is  that  of  C.  Vitic^Ila,  to  which  it  also 
comes  nearest. in  affinity,  but,  though  less  woody,  its  shoots  are  much  more 
robust;  the  much  smaller  and  white  flowers,  and  pointed  sepals  connivent  (that 
is,  lying  dose  together)  below,  will  readily  distinguish  it.  It  seldom  ripens 
vood  in  Enghuid,  but  is  readily  propagated  by  layers. 

X  15.  C.  QRi'sPA  L.    The  CMTXed-tepaied  Clematis. 

■L    Ua.  SP..76&. ;  Dec  Prod.,  1.  p.ft  ;  Don's  Mill.,  1.  p.  9. 

_  ,     DUl.  Elth.,  1.  1 73.  fig.  S4. ;   Bot.  Ma«., 
i9tl  i  and  oar  fig.  19. 

Spec,  Char,^  ^e.  Peduncles  1 -flowered, 
shorter  than  the  leaves.  Leaves  entire, 
3-lobed,  or  temate,  very  acute.  Sepals 
coonivent  at  the  base,  but  reflexed,  and 
spreading  at  the  apex.  (Don's  Mill.)  A 
deciduous  climber.  Virginia  to  Florida. 
H^t  3  ft.  to  5  ft.  Introduced  in  1726. 
Flowers  purple ;  July  to  September.  Fruit 
brownish ;  ripe  in  October. 

Leaves  glabrous,  or  slightly  hairy.  Flowers 
one  third  smaller  than  in  C.  Vi6rna,  bright 
purple.  Tail  of  the  carpels  thick  and  rigid, 
about  half  an  inch  long.  (Tar,  and  Gray,) 
The  flowers  of  this  species  are  pretty,  but 
perhaps  neva*  produced  in  sufficient  quan- 
titv  to  render  it  highly  decorative.  The  se- 
pals have  their  tips  reflexed,  and  waved  with 
tTBOsvene  wrinkles.  The  stems  are  weak,  and  i'-  cunutj*  eniin. 

do  not  generally  rise  higher  than  3  or  4  feet.  The  plants  frequently  die  down 
to  the  groumi,  so  that  this  species  requires  to  be  treated  more  as  herbaceous 
than  Igneous.    It  ripens  seeds  plentifully. 

§  iii.     ClieirdpsU  Dec. 


L.V 

Fiom  ckeir,  tlie  band,  and  optu^  rrsemblance ;  in  allocion  to  Uie  form  of  the  bractea*. 

Sett  Cher,  Involucre  in  the  form  of  a  calyx,  from  two  joined  bracteas  situated 
at  the  top  of  the  peduncle  just  under  the  flower.  Tails  of  pericarps 
bearded.  Climbing  or  rambling  shrubs,  with  simple  or  ternate  leaves.  The 
old  petioles  persistent,  and  the  new  leaves  and  the  peduncles  produced  in 
clusters  from  the  axils  pf  these.  (Dec,  SysLy  1. 162.)    jBvergreen. 

I.  16.  C,  ciKRHO^SA  L,    The  tendriled-^e/io/ed  Clematis. 


Ltn.  Spif  766.;  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  9. :  Don's  Hill.,  1.  p.  9. 
,     J  ■■,.    .^trioene  drrhdaa  Pen.  Syi*.  2.  p.  9CL:  TraTeller*t  Joy  of  Candia,  and  Spanish  Tnu 

vrikr't  Jot,  JMwon'«  Gerard  %   Spanish  wild  Climber,  Parkhuoni   the  evergreen  Clematis; 

CKBHtUe  &  VriUes,  Clfimatite  toi^oura  Terte  (BonJard.),  Pr.;  elnfachbUttrlge  (slmple-leaTed) 

Waldrebe,  6«r. 
'iermaHon,    The  vord  cirrbbsa,  which  meant  drrhose,  or  tendrlled.  Is  applied  to  this  species 

froa  the  'peculiarlj  grasping  and  tendrtl-llke  action  of  Its  petioles,  which  retain  their  hold  even 

after  the  Irallecs  bare  &lien.    The  French  word  Vrilles  signifies  tendrils  t'  and  the  German  word 

ehaftdi  alludM  to  its  oomparatiTelj  simple  leaves. 
See  the  Yarietice. 


Spec,  Ckar.^  4^c,  Peduncle  1-flowered,  with  an  involucre.  Leaves  simple,  or 
variously  divided ;  evergreen.  An  evergreen  climber.  Spain  and  the 
Balearic  Isles.  Height  in  British  gardens,  in  the  climate  of  London,  in  a 
warm  situation,  against  a  wall,  5  ft  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1596.  Flowers 
greenish  or  vellowish  white ;  March  and  April.  Fruit  <,  Foliage  of  the 
brood-leaved  varieties  forming  a  fine  dark  green  mass. 


ARBORETUM    ET    PRUTICETUM    BRITANNICCM 


1.  C.  c.  2  petUctUdta  Dec ;    C.  pedicelUta  Swcel't 
HorU  Brit.  p.  2.,  and  Don't  MOt.  i.  p.  9.  ;  C. 
baleirica  Pen,;  C.  eir- 
rhdsa     Sinu   B.   Mag. 
t.  1070,;  and   our  Jig. 
20.;  has  the  pedicel  be- 
tween the  involucre  and 
the  flower  considerably  ^ 
longer     than 
species. 
C.  f.  '3  anguitiJoUa.  C,  bale- 
irica Rick.   Bot.  Mag. 
t.959.,  Bnd0Lrj%.2l.; 
C.    caljcina    Ait.;     C. 

poljmdrpha  Horl.   Clfmatite  de  Mahon,  Fr. 

—  The  leaver  of  this  variety  vary   exceedingly,   Iram  those  shovn   in 

.1^.  23.  of  the  naiural   size,  taken   from  a  plant  in  the  Horticultural 

Society's  Garden,  to   those  shown  in  Jig.  22.,   reduced  from    Smith's 

Flora  Graca,    Introduced  into  England  by  M.  Thouin,  in  17S3. 

The  raricties  are  all  elegant 

evergreen  climbing  shrubs,  rising 

to   the  height  of  from  6  i).  to 

10  ft.,  and  branchini;  freely,  so 

an   to  become,  in  two  or  three 

vt»rs,   very  thick  bushy  plenis. 


The  leaves  vary  from  simple  to  temate ;   and   from   being  entire  to  being 

deeply  cot.  The  flowers  appear  at  the  end  of  December,  or  the  beginning 
of  January,  and  continue  till  the  middle  or  end  of  April.  They  are  pendulous 
and  bell-ahaped,  the  mouth  being  of  the  brcaiith  of  a  shilling,  or  more.  Their 
colour  is  greenish  white,  with  some  purple  on  the  iiisidL-,  The  sepals  are 
downy  without,  and  smooth  within.  In  its  native  country  it  is  said  to  climb 
up  and  overwhelm  the  Irtes  ;  but  in  England  it  is  a  weak  plant,  not  very 
readily  kept.  In  nurseries  it  is  generally  cultivated  in  pots,  and  kept  in  a 
green-house,  or  in  a  cold-frame.  The  princi|ial  beauties  of  this  «>ecies  coti* 
sist  in  its  bright  evergreen  verdure,  and  in  the  earliness  of  its  flowering  in 
Rpring  i  and  thcK  properties  may  be  best  obtained  by  training  it  t^ainat  a  wall 
with  a  southern  aspect.     Layers  and  cuttings. 


,  aanumcula'ce£  :  cle/hatis. 
j  iv.     Anmwi/idra. 


0 


m.     The  Mouotoin  Clematis. 

S3.:  Dtc.  Plod.,  t,  p.  9.;  Rorlr,  p.  E). 
II  Prod.  Fl.  Nrt^.  p.l»l^  fi^'i  MiU.  1.  p.9. 
*    -   ■"   -.S\7,i  Swt.Br.Fl.-G»nL,  ll.I.IM.;  »ndoiirjVj. 
t  Hart.  Sdc  GmniBi.  uul  ^.  W.  Itom  A  •p«clm(ni  of 

^«.  (Jot.,  j-c.  PeduDcIes  1-flowered,  not  bracteaied,  lereral  together. 
Le*ia  ternately  parted,  the  segments  orate-obtoiTg,  acuminate,  roothed,  the 
Mtth  in  the  mode  of  incisions.  Sepals  cltiptlc-oblong,  mucronulate,  spread* 
ing.  (C  Don.)  A  deciduous  climber.  Himalavan  Mountains  at  5000  ft. 
to  TDDOft.  elevation.  Height  10  ft.  tn  13  ft.,  or  in  sheltered  sitUBtiona 
30  ft  to  ao  ft.  Introduced  in  183].  Flowers  white;  April  in  Nepal, 
Mij  in  England.  Fruit  white ;  ripe  iu  August.  Decaying  foliage  brown, 
lod  dropping  jaore  ft'eely  than  in  most  of  the  other  kinds. 


odnous.     Learea    numerous,   pale  green.      Flowers 

numerous,   about  the  size 

and  form  of  those  of  j^ne- 

mone  sylv^stris  L.,  borne 

sereral  together,  each  upon 

a  separate,  upright,  slender 
^  peduncle,  about  3  in.  long. 

Sepals  4,  J  in.  long,   pure 

white,  laintly  stained  with  t 
,    pink   outside  at   the  base.  ] 

Stj'les    clothed   with   long  \ 

white     silky   hairs  ;    ftom 

which   it  may  be  inferred 
""""  that  this  species  will  have 

tt>  frniti  tenninated  with  feathery  tails,  in  a  state  of 
iittuiity.  Id  the  climate  of  England  it  proves  to  be 
tpite  hardj,  and  aeems  to  flourish  as  well  as  on  its 
otin  mountains.  It  grows  with  greut  vigour  iq  a 
jOHDy  Eoil,  flowers  profusely  early  in  the  season,  and  ».  cuiii.u>iu»i.aia.- 
ii  readily  increased  by  layers.     A  very  desirable  species. 

OttfT  Speciet  of  Clemaiu.  —  There  are  several  other  species  of  Clematis 
<leKTibed  m  books,  some  of  them  as  introduced,  and  others  as  not  yet  in 
caltinlion  in  Britain  ;  but  we  have  refrained  from  describing  any  species  of 
•hick  we  have  not  seen  living  plants.  In  Torrey  and  Gray's  Flora  of  Norlli 
^merka,  C.  holoterieea  Pursh,  C.  Vgutlkifolia  Nutt.,  C.  l)nunnion<iii  Tor.  4f 
Ci^,  C.  pamijldra  Kutt.,  C.  liaiantAa  Nutt.,  C.  hneariloba  Dec,  and  C- 
'^ni  Tor,  4-  Grat/,  are  descrilied  as  woody  species,  none  of  which,  even 
bt  DHDe,  are  yet  in  British  gardens.  C.  piibetcent,  yitijoiia,  fucAoiiana,  and 
MDc  Others,  mentioned  by  Dra.  Wallich  and  Royle,  are  yet  to  introduce 
frm  itae  Uimalajas ;  and  there  are  several  names  in  DeCandolle's  iVodronu 
of  which  liviiig  plant*  are  not  in  our  gardens. 


16 


ARBORETUM    ET    FUUT1CETUM   BRrTAKNICUM. 


Genus  IL 


HE 


i^TRA'GENE  L.    The  Atragene.    Lnu  Sytt.  Polytodria  Polyg/nia. 

Identi/leattom,    Lin  Gen^  p.  615. ;  Don's  Hill.,  1 .  p.  10. 

^fnonymeg.    Clematis  Lam.  and  Dec. ;  Atragene,  Fr.  and  Ger. 

Derivation.  The  name  of^trigene  appears  to  be  taken  from  two  Greek  words ;  oiAm,  pressed, 
and  fanos,  birth  ;  alluding,  as  it  is  supposed,  to  the  manner  in  which  the  branches  press  «gainst 
or  clasp  the  trees  that  support  them.  It  was  first  used  by  Theophrastus,  and  was  bv  him  applied 
to  C16matU  Vit&lba  L.  /  »-  /  w 

Gen.  Char.  Involucre  none.  Sepalt  4,  somewhat  induplicate  in  the  bud. 
Petals  numerous,  shorter  than  the  sepals.  Cariopsidet  (carpels)  terminated 
by  a  bearded  tail.    Cotyledons  approximate  in  the  seed.  (DorCs  Miil,^ 

Leaves  compound,  opposite,  generally  exstipulate,  aeciduous;  leafleti 
variously  cut.  Flowers  axillary,  pedunculate  ;  purple,  blue,  or  white. 
Climbing  shrubs,  natives  of  Europe  and  North  America. 

The  atragenes  differ  from  the  clematises  in  producing  leaves  and  one  flower 
from  the  same  bud  contemporaneously;  whereas  in  most  clematises  the 
flowers  are  produced  upon  wood  developed  previously  to  their  appearance, 
and  during  the  same  season.  Hence  the  winter  buds  of  ^Itr^gene  are  larger 
than  those  of  Clematis,  from  their  including  the  flower  as  well  as  the  leaves 
of  the  succeeding  year.  In  atragenes  the  leaves  are  less  divided  than  in  many 
of  the  species  of  Clematis,  and  they  are  always  divided  temately.  All  the 
species  of  Atrkgene  described  in  this  work  have  petioles,  which  not  only  clasp 
objects,  like  those  of  CTl^matis,  but  maintain  the  hold  for  more  than  the 
season,  like  the  vine.  All  extremely  interesting  from  the  beauty  of  their 
blossoms.  The  culture  is  the  same  as  in  Clematis,  and  the  propagation 
generally  by  layers. 

1  1.  ArRk'QKSE  ALPi^NA  L.    The  Alpine  Atragene. 

Jdent^lcation.    Lin.  Sp.,  764. ;  Don's  Mill.,  1.  p.  10. 

^fntm^ma.    Clfoiatis  cserCUea  Bauh.  i   Atriaene  austrlaca  Scop,  and  Bot.  Mag.  i   if trigene  dema- 

tides  Cranit ;    CIteiatis  alpina  MM.  Diet.  No.  9. ;    C.  alplna  Dec.  Prod.  1.  p.  10.  ;  Atragfene  des 

Alpes,  IV.  s  Alpen  Atragene,  Ger. 
Engravings,    Bot.  Rep.,  t.  IBO. ;  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  fi30. ;  and  oury^  96. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Peduncles  1 -flowered,  longer  than  the  leaves.  Leaves 
biteniate  ;  leaflets  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminated,  serrate.  Petals  somewhat 
spathulate,  blunt.  {DorCs  MilL)  A  deciduous  climber.  South  of  Europe, 
on  mountains,  in  calcareous  soils.  Height  8  ft.  Introduced  in  1792. 
Flowers  blue;  Mav  to  July.  Fruit  white; 
ripe  in  August.  Decaying  leaves  brownish, 
and  in  general  parting  more  freely  from  the 
stems  than  in  Clematis. 

Varieties.  DeCandolle  mentions  its  varying  with 
white  flowers ;  and  A.  siblrica  Lm.,  described 
below  as  a  species  with  yellowish  white  flowers, 
appears  to  us  nothing  more  than  a  variety  of 
A.  alpina. 

The  stems  are  numerous,  branching,  weak, 
forming  knots  at  the  joints  where  the  leaves  and 
flowers  are  protruded.  One  flower,  on  a  longish 
scape,  springs  from  between  the  leaves.  The  sepals 
are  twice  the  leruzth  of  the  petals,  and  are  blue 
on  both  sides.  The  petals  are  small,  of  a  duty 
white,  and  in  general  12  in  number.  Very  orna- 
mental.   Layers. 


«6.  Atragene  alpina. 


I.    RAUVSCVLXCt,^:    ..fTBACEME. 

i  2.  A.  (a.)  sim'ctiCA  L.     IJie  Siberian  ACragene. 

•»'■  MilL,  I.  p-lD. 

I.  p.  194..  Pall.  Flar.  Sea.  1.  p.  EB.  j  C 


Sptc.  Ciar^  $ic,     PeduDcles    l-9owere<l,  almost   equal  in  length  with   the 

IcBTCE.     Learea  biternate  ;  leaflets  oblong>lanceo1ate,  acuminated,  Bcmted. 

fVtali  emarginaie  at  the  apei.     (Diiii'i  MUl.)     A  deciduous  climber. 

Sibtfii,  oa  mouDtahu.    Helgtit  6  h.  to  12  h.    Introduced  in  1753.   Flowers 

white;  June  and  July.     Fruit  white  :  ripe  in  August. 

Decajing  leaves  brownish. 
Taring.    A  bine-flowered  varietj'  of  this  species  is  men- 

tio«d  in  Bol.  Mas^  X.  1591.,  which  is  probably  the 

A,  ocbotAisi*  of  Piulas,  or  possibly  nothing;  more  than 

A.  B^aoa  L. 

Then  is  a  considerable  similaritj  in  this  to  the  last, 
b  (itiiage  and  habit  of  growth ;  but  it  is  leu  robust  and 
lesibruichj;  its  branches  are  more  ligneous-looking,Bnd 
ihe  Kgments  of  the  leaves  longer.  The  calyxes  of  the 
flower  are  white,  longer,  and  with  the  tips  rather  con- 
tamo,  than  spreading.  The  hark  and  fuliage  are  of  a 
loiter  colour,  and  tEe  flowers  longer  than  those  oi  A.  ^  ^^  ^  auia. 

ajpina ;  and  the  latter  are  perhaps  less  n 


A  3.  A.  aubrica'hi  Siiiu.     The  American  Atrugene. 

«  (Jn»,  I.  p.  10. 


Jfa^^ttsL^  Au.  to  Bpt.  Wm^  «W.  i  pvB\  HLIU^ 


.  ^w^  BoL  His.,  m. ;  md  vajlt.  3B. 
Spte.  dar^  ^.  Peduncles  1-Sowered  ;  leaves  whorled,  in  fours,  lemate  ; 
leaflets  Halked,  cordate  lanceolate,  acuminated,  entire  or  somewhat  lobed 
or  stnated.  Petals  acute.  (Don'i  Mili.)  A  deciduous  cliniher.  Ver- 
omt  to  Carolina,  on  mountams  and  rocky  places.  Height  10 1^  to  15  ft. 
lotroduced  in  17^.  Flowers  purplish  blue ;  May  to  July.  Ftuit  white  i 
iTpe  ?.  Dec&ying  leaves  dark  brown. 
Fairtjp. 

1  A.  <!.  2  obBqua  Don.  MS. — Leaflets  bluntly  serrated. 
TMs  (pedes  ia  distinguishable  from  all  the  other  Clema- 
tldea  described  in  this  work,  by  the  peculiarity  of  its  leaves 
bai^  di^Mced,  not  oppositely  in  alternately  decussating 
pairs,  bnt  in  wholes  of  four.  This  is  an  anomalous  chu- 
iKteristic,  which  DeCandoUe  has  expressed  by  his  specific 
tfnlhet  Tcnicilliris.  The  flowers  are  very  large,  and  cam- 
pannkte.  Sepals  oUong-lancei^te,  bright  purplish  blue. 
(Tkr.  aitd  Gra^.)    Layers. 

Olier  Speda  and  Farietiet  ofktrdgene.  —  A.  ocholennt  PalL  we  consider  ac  a 
variety  of  A.  siblrica  L.  A.  cobini&dna  Nutt.,  C.  columbiana  Tor.  ij-  Gr^at/,  i. 
p.  II.,  has  tenate  leaves,  and  pale  blue  flowers  smaller  than  [hose  of  J.  ameri- 
isnk   It  it  a  natiTe  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  but  has  not  yet  been  introduced. 


Tribe  II.     Pmothia'ce^  Dec. 

'.     At  once  diatdnguishahle  from  (^ematfdee,  by  the  character  of 

ben  opening  to  admit  the  escape  of  the  pollen  on  the  side  ne^tt 

riei.     In  Clenutidese,  the  anthers  open  on  the  side  outward  to  the 

Ttie  feativation  is  also  imbricate,  and  the  carpels  from  one-seeded 


18  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

to  muly-aeeded.    Siiffiuticosc  dMiduoua  shrubs,  of  low  grovth,  nadve*  of 
tetoperste  climates. 

Leavei  compound,  alternate  or  opposite,  RtipuUCe,  deciduoui,  but  with- 
out poaseuin^  a  clasping  power.  Fleuien  very  lurgein  Pceonia,  ver;  small 
in  AAnthorhua ;  and  the  fullowing  are  the  distinctive  charactenBtics  of 
the»c  geoera :  — 


a 


PJEO'SIAl..    The  PjEONV.    Z^in.  fj/f/.  Polj'aadriii  Di-Pentag^ia. 

Umgiallatt.    Ttw  Unn  FmiU  wu  ^iplM  bf  the  Onaki  tocheia  pluiti,  which  b»s  cant 


ridn.  In  caiiiir>BtnontlDn  oT  Pacn.  thr  phjrtlclu  irho  fint  UH^Tt  Iddu 

UiLnkt  It  Tnor#  probHhlflCut  It  lidtrlrvd  from  Fvonla.  a  iPDunulDDiu  couniry  di  *bc«ichiia, 

knobbr  or  ^uty  A[n>eiru>e«  or  the  ronu  oT  thv  hettunoui  ipcctei. 
Gen.  Char.     Calyx  of  5  leafy,  unequal,  permanent  sepals.    Pelali  from  5  to  10, 
somewhat  orbicular.     Slamem  numerous.     Ditk  neshy,  girding  the  ovaries. 
CarpcU  follicular,  from  2  to  5,  large,  many-ieedcd,  terminaltd  with  thick 
bilamellate  stigmas.    Seedt  raiher  globose,  shining. 

Ijeai>ct  compound,  alternate,  biternate  or  bipinnate.     Flowert  large,  rosy, 

or  rosy  and  white,  usually  with  a  strong  disagreeable  smell.     A  siiffhiticose 

shrub.    Heiglit  from  3  ft.  to  10  h.     Native  of  China  and  Japan. 

There   is  but  one  liimeous   species,  F.   Moilan  ;   but   there  are  several 

varieties  ;  all  undershrubs,  which  never  attain  a  great  height,  and  the  wood 

of  which  always  retains  a  herbaceous  character,  with  a  large  pith.     The  roots 

are  ramose  rather  than  tubernus.    The  whole  plant  is  narcotic  and  poisonous. 

The  varieties  are  all  beautiful,  and  hardy  in  most  parts  of  Great  Britaii 

inly      "     '  ■      " 


Srn^imu:     PBiDra  u-bbrei  Sim  Man.  Cob.  I  ^,  lullVuIMbu  Bel.Rrp.; 

PiriSnB«nArbn,Fr.^_tHunur(l|Tt^Glchtt«TUH.Gn;.i  Horn  nuang.  ind  Ft^Lcui 

Klfyt      
le  Chlnew  ium«  Hon-Ouing  ll) 
Mutjo?th«iJ»nlj    Md  Pt-LMng.KIn,  .  hundrid  on 


though,  from  vegetating  early,  they  commonly  suffer  from  spring  frosts. 

1.  P.  MotfTAS  Sims.    The  Moutan,  or  Tree,  Pteony. 

lAuItdHi  Sol.Rrp'i  FlniiM Moutan. UHl 
:  tHunuKlit  GlchiLaiTuH.  Git.  i  Horn  Ouang,  ind  Ft-Lcui-Ktn.  UliKar. 
HiHilan  lui  bHD  (pnlied  U1  thli  Iperln  o(  pKoo;.  In  Chtna,  Tor  >tH»ii  1400 
~  '  ilmlfT  the  treeiinil  Iheiiib-ibrubby  pmDr-  The  Gemui 
..___..,  ...J.  TheChliiei«iumeHoii-OuinMlgolO«thehlngor  Bow. 
ulji  oTthe  i^uit  1    Md  Fi-L<unir.KlD.  i  hund^d  ouneei  of  gold.  In  ellutOD 

Spec.  Char.,  S^e.     S^ments  of  leaves  ovat-oblong,  glaucous  underneath.     Car- 
pels 5,  villose.    (Don't   MUl.)      A  deciduous  suShitescent  bush.     China. 
Height  3n.to6il.      Introduced  in   1787.     Flowers  pink  i  May.      Fruit 
brownish  green ;  ripe  in  September. 
Decaying  leaves  brown  or  black. 
Varietiet. 

A  P.  M.  1  ^paveracea  Andrews. 

Bot.  Rep.,  t.  4fi3. ;  Lod.  Bot. 

Cab.,547.;  Bot.MBg..817S. ; 

and  our  &,  29. — Petals  from 

8  to  13,  white,  with  a  purple 

spot    at    the   base    of  each. 

Capsules  altogether  enclosed 

in  the  urceotus,  or  disk.     In- 
troduced in  1805.     Professor 

Don    remarks   {Sw.  Br.   Fl^  „,   ,^,....> ^-i « 


I.  AANUNCULA  CE£  :  XANTHOBHI  ZA.  19 

Gar^  9d  ler^  ^^0  ^^^^  ^-  ^-  fapnverbcea  appears  to  be  reall]' 

the  Donnal  fonn  of  the  Eiiecies,  as  the  l&te  Mr.  tieorge  AndersoD 
lugjrcsted  m  his  paper  on  Cne  subject  in  the  lAnnaan  T^muaetiotu, 

■  P.  M.  !  Domini  Andrewi.    Bot.  Rep.,  L  M 
Boc  Reg.,  379. ;  Bot.  Hag.,  t.  1 154. ;  a 
ourj&.  30.— Flowen  double.  Petals  stigh 
tiDged  with   blush,  becoming  nearly  «h 
at  [he  e<lge«,  marked  at  the  base  nith  pi 
plish  red.     Id  the  centre  or  the  flower  t 
some    ekm^ted    petala,   which    sometin: 
^)pear  to  rise  froDi  amongst  the  gennei 
CaltiTBtedin  1787. 
Otiter  yarittia.    Upwards  of  twelve  are  descrih 
ID  the  first  edition  of  this  work,  and  the  number  ._ 
coBlinually  increasing,  in  consequence  of  cross  fie-     ""  '■*^*'«*'>'°'*- 
cuDdalion  with  one  another,  and  with  the  herttaceous  species.     They  are  all 
to;  beautirol,  and  well  deurving  of  cultivation. 

He  AeoDia  Moubm,  in  a  sheltered  situation,  will  attain  the  hoght  of  from 
6ft.  10  lOft.  in  ten  years:  and  no  plant  can  be  a  more  gorgeous  ornament 
of  die  garden  than  such  a  bush,  abounding  as  it  does  in  leaves  striking  from 
ibor  branched  character  and  numerous  segments,  anil  in  very  majrnilicent 
ftowers  of  eitrsordioary  die ;  both  leaves  and  flowers  being  produced  early 
in  the  nuiug.  On  its  first  importation,  this  plant  was  ^wn  in  sandv  peat'; 
bot  it  BBS  tinoe  been  found  to  thrive  best  In  deep  rich  loamy  soil.  An 
open  ntna&Hi  is  preferable,  both  on  account  of  maturinc  the  wood  and  leaves, 
Bod  for  di^Iaying  the  flowers  to  advantage ;  but  the  plant  must  he  sheltered 
Imm  the  cold  spring  winds,  unless  it  is  intended  to  cover  it,  when  it  is  in 
9owa,  with  a  movable  glass  or  canvass  case.  The  protection  f^ven  to  this 
fdsu  ii  necessar^r,  not  so  much  to  prevent  it  &om  being  injured  juring  winter 
(br  it  will  bear  the  winters  of  Paris  without  any  protection,  if  the  wood  haa 
bem  propfrtv  ripened),  as  to  protect  the  tender  leaves  and  flowers  when  they 
£iit  apgtar,  m  April  and  May,  from  bung  blackened  by  the  frost.  Seeds  are 
finineiill;  produced  from  w'luch  new  varieties  are  rused,  and  any  variety 
any  be  increaaed  by  division  of  the  root ;  by  grafting  on  the  tubers  of  herbu- 
noos  pnonies,  any  time  from  the  middle  of  September  to  the  middle  of 
Ibreli ;  bj  budding,  a  mode  sud  to  be  practised  by  the  Chinese ;  by  layers, 
*kicll  is  the  mon  general  mode ;  by  ringing  a  branch  beneath  each  bud,  and 
then  pegging  down  the  branch,  and  covering  it  with  soil ;  and  by  cuttings. 
The  details  of  theae  modes  of  propagation  will  be  found  in  the  first  edition 
of  [his  work. 

Genus  11. 


□ 


Gn.  dor.  Calyx  of  5  deciduous  sepals.  Pelali  5,  of  two  roundish  lobes 
nnaed  on  a  pedicel.  Stauuiu  5-10.  Ovaiia  5-10.  Carpelt  S— S-seeded, 
bm  Dsuallv  solitary  fi^ira  abortion.  {Don'i  MiU.,  i.  p.6S.)  —  There  is  only 
one  species  known. 

Zabwj  compound,  opposite,  stipulate,  deciduous;  pinnately  divided, 
toothed,  and  serrated.  Fhweri  in  racemes,  axillary,  compound,  appearing 
•ith  the  leaves. 


20 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Ji  1.  X.  ^piiFo^LiA  VHerit,    The  Parsley-leaved  Yellow- Root. 

Tdeni(fleation.    L*H6r.  Stirp.  dot.,  p.  79.  t.  38. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  6Si ;   Don^s  Mill.,  1.  p.  65. ;  Tor. 

and  Gray,  1.  p.  40. 
Synonymes.    XJaniborhUa  opilfblia ;  Zanthorise  ft  FeuUlei  de  Fersil,  Fr. ;  Sdlerie-blattrigc  Gril»- 

wurz,  Ger. 
Derivation.    From  the  Greek  words  ManthoSt  yellow,  and  rkixa^  a  root ;  applied  frcati  the  deep 

yellow  coloar  of  the  roots.    The  French  name  needs  no  explanation ;  and  tne  German  is  a  literu 

translation  of  the  English  one. 
Engravings.    Lam.  111.,  t.  854. ;  Bot.  Mag.,  173G. ;  and  our^.  31. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Flowers  minute,  dark  purple,  often  bv  abortion  polygamous. 
A  low,  suffrutescent,  deciduous  shrub.  Flowers  dark  purple;  May. 
Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  Pennsylvania.  Introduced  in  ]  776.  Decaying  leaves 
yellowish  or  brown,  dropping  in  September. 

A  small  shrub  with  yellow  creeping  roots,  which 
attain  a  large  size,  and  throw  up  numerous  suckers ; 
with  irregularly  pinnate  leaves,  branched  racemes,  and 
small  purplish  flowers  (which  are  usually  unisexual 
ft'ora  abortion)  rising  from  the  scaly  buds.  The  flowers 
appear  early  in  May,  and  continue  a  month  or  upwards 
before  they  drop  off.  We  have  never  heard  of  its 
ripening  seeds  in  Europe ;  nevertheless,  this  may  have 
occurred,  and  been  overlooked,  from  the  inconspi- 
cuousness  of  the  shrub,  and  the  smallness  of  its  fruit. 
Suckers,  or  division  of  the  root.  ^'  x«,thorMM«p«Mi*. 


Order  II.     WINTER^^CJS^. 

Ordinal  Character.  Calyx  of  2 — 6  deciduous  sepals,  and  2  to  many  petals  ; 
the  sepals  and  petals,  when  more  than  two,  disposed  ternately.  Carpelt 
whorl^,  very  rarely  solitary  from  abortion.  —  Evergreen  shrubs,  or  low 
trees,  chieily  natives  of  warm  climates. 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  evergreen  ;  full  of  pellucid  dots,  and 
coriaceous.  Properties  aromatic  and  stimulant.  IlHcium  is  the  only  genus  of 
this  order  which  contains  species  that  will  stand  out  in  the  open  air  in 
Britain. 

Genus  I. 


A. 

ILLFCIUM  L.     The  Illicium.  or  Aniseed  Tree.    Lm.  Sytt.  Poly4ndria 

Polygynia. 

Identiftealion.  Lin.  Gon.,  611.;  Tor.  and  Gray,  1.  p.  42. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  77. ;  Don*8  Mill., 
1.  p.  78. 

^m&njfmet.    Badlane,  or  AnIs-€toI16.  IV. ;  Stemanis,  Gjr. 

Derivation.  The  generic  name  IlUcium  is  formed  from  the  Latin  word  iUido^  to  allure,  on 
account  of  the  agreeable  aromaUc  smell  of  all  the  species.  It  is  called  the  Aniseed  Tree,  from  Its 
smell  bearing  a  strong  resemblance  to  that  of  aniseed.  Badiane  appears  to  be  an  aboriginal  French 
word ;  Anls-£toll§,  uid  Stemanis,  signify  literally  the  starry  anise,  and  may  allude  to  the  stany 
disposition  of  the  parts  of  the  flower  and  of  the  capsules. 

Gen,  Char,  Calyx  of  3-6  petal-like  sepals.  Carpels  stellately  disposed,  cap- 
sular, opening  on  the  upper  side,  l-seeded.  (^DorCs  Mi/L,  i.  p.  79.) 

tt  1.  Illi'cium  florida'num  Ellis.    The  Florida  Illicium. 

Identi/kation.    Lin.  Hant.,  899. ;  Dec.  Prodn  1.  p. 77. ;  Don's  MUL.  1.  p.  79. 

Synonvmes.    The  Florida  Aniseed  Tree,  red-flowered  Anise-seed  Tree,  Mor.  Hitt.  ;  Badlane  de  la 

Floride,  Fr. ;  unSchter  (spurious}  Stemanis,  Oer. 
Engraving*,    Bot.  Hag.,  43^. ;  Lod.  Bot.  Cab.,  t.  S09. ;  and  WixJIg.  K. 

Spec,  Char,^  ^c.  Petals  27 — 30,  dark  purple,  outer  ones  oblong,  inner 
ones   lanceolate.     (Don's  Mill.)      An  evergreen  glabrous  shrub.      West 


II.    WlSTKRJ'CS^l    ILLl'CIUM. 


iwamp*.  Height 
4ft.to6ft.  IntToJuced  in  1T66.  Floven 
dark  redilinb  iwrple,  with  the  odour  oTuuk  ; 
April  to  June.  Fruit  none  in  En^tuid. 
Decaying  leive«  reddish  brown,  dropping  in 

A  compact,  manj-Btemmed,  biubf,  ever* 
prtn,  slow-growing  ihrub,  att^ninj,  in  the 
MJgtibouiiiood  of  London,  the  bdght  of  6  or 
8  feet  or  npwudi,  and  Bowertng  ever;  year. 
TLe  Icsva  are  oblongJanceolate,  quite  entire, 
pointed  Bt  both  extremities,  Boiooth,  shining, 
ud,  in  common  with  the  whote  plant,  have  A 
rich  reddish  hue.  The  flowers  are  numerous, 
•oliurr,  and  terminal ;  and  bear  some  general 
roeniblance  to  those  of  Calycintbus  fluridus. 
Ilie  manner  in  which  the  plant  ia  propagated 
B  ihe  London  nuneries  is,  generally,  by  form- 
ing noils  of  it  in  a  cold-pit,  and  laying  do^n 
ilie  ■hoot^  which  require  two  yeani  to  root 
■ufioemly  to  admit  of  their  being  separated 
from  the  parent  plant ;  but  it  is  sometime* 
pvpipted  bj  eutlinss  both  of  the  young  and 
of  ihe  old  wood.  This  very  handsome  ever- 
ptiea  )hnib  is  rafficiently  hardy  to  have  re- 
nitnl  the  winter  of  1 837-6,  in  several  utuations 
In  die  dimate  of  London. 


Order  III.     MAGNOL/,^C£^ 

Okd.  Chjs.  Calyx  of  3  deciduous  sepala.  Corolla  of  3 — 12  petals,  dio- 
poied  in  threes.  Anihen  adnate,  elonpted.  Carpeli  numerous,  disposed 
ilong  a  spiked  vim.  Leaeet  destitute  ofpellucid  dots,  stipulate  when  young. 
Slipulei  convolute,  and  enclosing  the  unexpmded  leaven.  —  Evergreen  and 
JotJuoub  trees  and  iihrubs,  chiefly  natives  of  warm  climates. 

LeaceM  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  everp^en  or  deciduous ;  oblong,  not 
dotted,  more  or  lesii  coriaceous,  articuliited  distinctly  with  the  item,  and, 
■hen  expanding,  roiled  together  like  those  of  Ficun.  Fhweri  Urge,  montly 
•bite  or  yellowish.  Sfedi  roundish,  large,  red  or  brown.  —  The  species 
hardy  in  Briilsh  gardens  are  included  under  the  genera  Magnolia  and 
Liriodendron,  the  differential  characters  of  which  are  as  follows  :  — 

MibNo'L/.i  L.     Carpel  dehiscent;  that  is,  opening  to  admit  the  escape  of  ihe 

LraioDR'NDROK  L.  Carpel  indehiscent;  thut  b,  not  opening  to  admit  the 
escape  of  the  leed. 


Genus  I. 


MAGNO'LM  L.     Thb  Magkolia.     Lm.  St/it.  Poljindria  Poljgynii 


^UMWi'     Mifnalk.  P'.  and  llal.  :  RIctHrbum  Hatl.,  ind  Magnc 
PnAuor  of  hmlirli^f.  uid   pre^Ht  of  Ihv  bouukc   njdm  ai  MonlHller.     TK*  Ceman 


2*2  AKBOUETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

Gen,  Char.  Cafyx  of  3  deciduous  sepals,  that  resemble  petals.  Coroila  of 
from  6 — ^9  petals.  Stanteru  numerous.  Pistils  numerous.  Carpels  disposed 
compactly  in  spikes,  opening  bv  the  external  angie,  1 — ^2-seeded,  permanent. 
Seeds  baccate,  somewhat  corcmte,  pendulous,  hanging  out  beyond  the  car- 
pels by  a  very  long  umbilical  white  thread. 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate^  deciduous  or  evergreen ;  entire,  large, 
oblong  or  oval,  stipulate.  Flowers  terminal,  solitary,  large,  odoriferous. 
Seed  Targe,  roundisn,  produced  in  conical  strobiles.  Trees  and  shrubs, 
natives  of  North  America  and  Asia. 

One  of  the  species  is  a  lofty  evergreen  tree;  but  the  others  are  decidu- 
ous, and  partly  trees  and  partly  shrubs.  The  seeds  are  mostly  of  a  scarlet 
colour.  The  roots  are  branched,  and  yet  but  sparingly  supplied  with 
fibres.  Magnolias  may  be  cultivated  in  most  parts  of  Bntain,  and  of  the 
middle  and  southern  states  of  Europe  ;  but,  north  of  London  and  Paris,  some 
of  the  species  require  protection  during  winter,  or  to  be  kept  in  the  green- 
house. A  deep  sandy  soil,  and  a  situation  sheltered  from  the  north  and  east, 
will  suit  most  of  the  species  ;  though  some,  as  M.  glauca,  for  example,  thrive 
best  in  a  moist  peaty  soil.  Few  of  the  species  ripen  seeds  in  England,  but 
most  of  them  do  so  in  France.  From  these  seeds,  or  from  such  as  are  im- 
ported, all  the  American  species,  except  M.  grandifldra,  are  most  fret^uently 
raised  ;  but  the  species  from  Asia  are  increased  by  layers,  as  are  occasionally 
some  of  the  more  rare  of  the  American  species.  In  no  case  whatever  would 
we  recommend  purchasing  any  species  of  magnolia  not  grown  in  a  pot ; 
because  plants  so  grown  may  be  sent  to  any  distance  without  injury  to  the 
roots,  which  are  few  and  succulent,  and  easily  damaged  by  exposure  to  the 
air  and  light.  The  hardy  species  of  this  genus  are  included  in  two  sections, 
Magnolioj^rum  and  Gwillfmia. 

§  i.    MaffTiolikstrum. 


Derivation.    MagndRB ;  and  Mfrtcm,  from  ad  hutar,  an  aMxtA  particle,  signifying  Ukimeu. 

Sect,  Char,  American  species,  with  one  spathe-like  bractea  enclosing  the 
flower-bud ;  ovaries  approximate ;  anthers  bursting  outwards.  (JhnCs 
MUl.,  i.  p.  83.) 

t   1.  Magno'l/^  grandiflo^ra  If.     The  large-flowered  Magnolia. 

IdnUification.     Lin.  Sp.,  765.;   Dec  Prod.,  1.  p.  80.;    Don't  Mill..  1.    p.  89.;  Tor.  and  Gray, 

l.p.48. 
Sfnonymes.     Laurel-leaTed  Magnolia,  the  large-flowered  evergreen  Magnolia,  the  Laurel  Bav,  big 

Laurel,  the  large  Magnolia ;   Laurier  tuUpier,  Fr.  in  Louisiana ;    Magnolia  k  grandes  Fleura, 

Pr.\  groMblumlger  Magnolic,  or  Bieberbaum  (Beayer-wood  Tree),  Ger. 
Engravatgs,    Mill.  Ic,  2.  1. 172. ;  the  plate  In  vol.  t.  of  Arb.  Brit.  1st  edit. ;  and  am/lg.  34. 

Spec,  Char,y  Sfc,  Evergreen.  Leaves  oval-oblong,  coriaceous,  upper  surface 
shining,  under  surface  rusty.  Flowers  erect,  9 — 12  petals,  expanding.  (Don's 
Mill.)  A  large  evergreen  tree.  North  Carolina.  Height  m  North 
America  60  ft.  to  70  ft. ;  in  England  20  ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1737. 
Flowers  white,  fragrant ;  June  to  September.  Strobile  brown,  with  scarlet 
.seeds  ;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves  yellow  and  orange,  dropping  in 
June.     Young  wood  green. 

Variehes, 

f  M.  g»  2  obovbla  Ait.  —  Leaves  obovate-oblong.  Flowers  expanded. 
(Hort,  Kew,,  ill.  p.  329.)  Thii  seems  to  be  the  only  variety  found 
in  a  wild  state.  In  British  gardens  it  is  a  magnificent  plant,  the 
broad  ends  of  its  leaves  forming  a  conspicuous  feature,  and  distin- 
guishing it  readily  from  the  original  species,  the  leaves  of  which  are 
pointed ;  but  it  docs  not  flower  freely. 


III.    UAGNOLf^'Cfi^:    MAQVO^LIJ.  23 

1  M.  g.  3  mmeiuu  Hort.  M.  g.  lanceolaia  AU. ;  M.  g.  stHctK  Hort. ; 
H.  g.  (emi^nea  Hort.  Tie  Exmauli  MagRoSa.  (BoC,  Mug.,  t. 
195S.;  Boc'Cah..  t.  1811.1  the  plate  in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edition,  vol.  v. ; 
and  our ^.33.)  —  The  leave*  ve  oblong-dliptical,  generally  rusty 


underoeath.  Flower*  aomewbHt  contracted.  This  u  the  most 
distinct  of  all  the  varieties  of  the  spedei,  and,  on  account  of  its 
flowering  early  and  freely,  the  one  best  deserving  of  general  culture. 
It  forms  a  lull,  fasttgiate,  elegant  bush,  or  tree,  and  hna  attained 
the  height  of  30  ft.,  as  a  standard,  at  various  places  in  the  South  o' 


f  M.  g.  4  angMti^ia  Hort.  —  Leaves  lanceolate,  pointed  at  twth  extre- 
■nitiea,  wavy.     A  very  distinct  variety,  introduced  from  Paris  about 
1625,  whicD  has  not  yet  flowered  in  England. 
t  Mj.  5  pra^cox  Andry. — Leaves  oval-oblong.   Flowers  fully  expanded. 
This  is  an  earlyvariety,  introduced  &om  Paris  about  1830.     The 
Sowers  are  as  large  as  those  of  any  of  the  viiHeties,  and  they  are 
produced  from  the  end  of  Msy  till  the  approach  of  winter, 
OtiieT  Vanctiet.     In  eonsei^uence  cf  the  great  demand  for  this  species  in 
[be  nuraeties,  many  slight  variations  have  been  noticed  by  cultivators,  and 
nuwd  as  (ti:>tinct.     In  the  garden  of  the  London  Horticidtural   Society, 
ia  1834,  there  were  plants  with  the  following  naiDes  :  — M.  g.  vera,  M.  g. 
lat^iSa,  M.  B.  ffoninuit  mr.,  and  M.g.  ruhi^dia.     In  the  London  nurse- 
ries are  —  Sf.  g.  tataadifolia  Swt.,  M.  g.  elliptica  Ait.,  and  various  oCheis. 
In  the  nuraerj'  of  M.  "Roy,  at  Angers,  are  18  varieties,  among  which  ure 
iachided  M.  g.  longi/niia  unduidla,  Af.  g.  ezoniam  d  Jleur  dcmi-douNc,  M. 
g.  caMoBctiii,  At.  g,  Jlariiinda,  M.  g.  faBt  variegdlii,  &c.     At  Desio,  near 
Honia,  there  is  a  viiriety  called  M.  g,  magordemU. 

SrUcben  t^  Varvtiet.  M.  g.  odovdta  deserves  the  preference  for  the  mag- 
niEcence  of  its  foliage ;  and  Af,  g.  exonicntit,  because  it  flowers  early  and 
&eely;  and  because,  from  the  fastigiate  form  of  the  tree,  it  is  less  liable 
10  be  injured  by  ft  heavy  fell  of  snow ;  it  seems  also  to  grow  faster  than 
snv  of  the  other  varieties.  Where  Che  tree  is  to  be  trains  against  a  wall. 
I.  g-  pnr'cax  deserves  the  preference,  on  account  of  the  largeness  of  it 


towas,  and  because   th^  appear  eiirly,  and  continue  durinjg  the  whole 
Manner.     Af.g.anguilifniiadctemea  culture  on  account  of  its  (oliage,  which 


ft  "iT  fre" 

qiiently  niUed  from  American,  French,  or  Italian  seeds  ;  and,  hence,  the 
pUtits,  though  they  grow  freely,  do  not  flower  for  SO  or  30  years  after  being 

Slanted  out.     For  this  reason,  when  it  is  denired  to  have  plants  of  the 
lagLiolia  graadifl^ra  which  will  flower  early,  those  plants  which  have  been 


r  some  other  variety,  should  be  made  choice  of,  because  the 


raised  bv  layers  from  flowering  trees  ought  to  have  the  prefen 

EKmouth,  or  some  other  varietv,  sh     '  '   '  ■       ■    ■ 

varieties  are  always  raised  from  layer 

In  its  native  country,  M.  granJiflora  is  a  tree  varying  from  60  ft.  to 
100  fl.,  or  upwards,  in  height;  but  in  Europe,  except  in  some  situations  in 
Spain  and  Italy,  and  a  few  in  the  South  of  Engbnd,  it  is  chiefly  to  be 
conaidered  m  a  wall  tree. 


A  deep  sandy  loam,  dry  at  bottom,  and  enriched  with  vegetable  mould  or 
heath  toil,  teems  to  suit  all  the  varieties  of  this  species.  When  these  Are 
to  be  trained  against  a  wall,  any  aspect  may  be  chosen,  except,  perhapa,  the 
north-east.  To  display  the  flowers  to  the  greatest  advantage,  to  a  spectator 
walking  in  a  direction  nearly  parallel  to  the  wall,  the  ground  plan  of  the 
latter  should  be  curvilinear,  by  which  means  a  direct  or  front  view  of  a 
considerable  portion  would  be  brought  before  him.  In  the  London  nur- 
series, propagation  is  generally  eftbcted  by  forming  stools  either  in  warm 
situations  in  the  open  air,  to  be  protected  during  winter,  or  in  cold-pits. 
The  shoots  are  laid  down  in  autumn,  and  require  two  years  to  become 
sufficiently  rooted  for  separation ;  they  are  then  potted,  and  kept  in  pits 
or  under  glass  during  winter,  and  set  in  the  open  air,  in  a  shady  place, 
during  summer,  till  wanted  for  final  planting.  M.  grandiflora  is  al.so  occ«- 
■ionally  rained  from  American  seeds.  In  planting,  the  ball  should  be  care~ 
fully  broken  by  the  hand,  and  the  roots  spread  out  in  every  direcdon,  and 
covered  with  heath  mould,  or  a  mixture  of  leaf  mould  and  sandy  loam.     The 


111.    MAONOLJ^V££ :    MAGNo'l./^.  "25 

aQ  ooglic  to  be  made  firm  to  the  fibrous  roots.  Dot  bj  treading,  but  by 
ibuodaot  watering,  and,  if  the  plant  be  large,  by  fixing  with  water;  that  in, 
■bile  [be  earth  is  being  carefully  put  about  the  roots  by  one  man,  another 
ibodd  pour  water  from  a  piot  lietd  G  fl.  or  B  ft.  above  it,  so  that  the  wdght 
of  the  water  may  wash  the  loil  iuto  every  crevice  fonned  by  the  roots, 
ud  MQSolidaie  it  there.  Shading  will  be  advisable  for  some  weeks  after 
pluiting.  If  the  Eimouth  variety  be  chosen,  layert  will  produce  flower*  in  a 
jcv  or  two  after  being  separstetl  from  ihe  parent  plant,  if  kept  in  pots;  but, 
■Ilea  they  are  plan teu  out,  and  grow  freely,  bo  as  to  make  snoots  of  8  or  3 
!ect  eiay  season,  tbey  will  probably  not  flower  for  three  or  four  years. 
Whether  the  tree  be  against  a  wall  or  trellis,  or  treated  as  a  standard,  all  the 
pruning  it  will  require,  afier  it  has  begun  to  grow  freely,  will  be,  to  cut  out 
the  itiunpi  ircyia  which  the  flowers  or  the  strobiles  have  dropped  off,  and 
lay  dad  or  decaying  wood,  and  any  branches  which  cross  and  nib  on  each 
omer.  M^nolias  against  a  wall  require  very  little  protection,  even  when 
jooni;  lod  this  can  easily  be  pven  by  mulching  the  ground  at  the  roots,  and 
coTOiog  their  branches  with  a  mat,  or  with  the  fronds  of  the  spruce  fir. 

t  8.  M.  eL*i;'cA  L.     The  giaucoax-leaved  Magnolia.. 
Uwgbw^a.   Ua.  Sp.,  1.  p.  TSC  i  Tw.  ud  Gnf,  I.  p.  't. ;  Dk.  I-nid,  1.  p.  «0.  i  Uao'i  Ulll,. 

ffif^i  H-  friHuu  SbAU.  ;  ST&ap  Euafras,  Baavet-vood.  vbtt«  Bar,  >nia]l  HitDollA, 
S™p  Mmnlto  iilii«i»U«  gUonofc  AfOn  it  Cmlm,  Fr,;  gmwr  Biobtrtauni,  Grr. 

EmnMtM.  iLUnvnadSflruiipSluwnvciaKCOniltorjtifrDirla^lD  tngsr  P'^'^'i'^id  TevcmbUag 
b  qoaUlla  tbe  Lidnn  SiiHjrn ;  lad  Bamr-wood.  limuH  Uis  root  ii  calm  ai  ■  bif at  dilntr  br 
ibibnini,aDdUwKiiiliiialiaracaiiEbtbrirniu  of  It.    II  aim  (rowi  In  Uic  iw»iap«.  which  ilitj 

infcmEE  Id  lor  <i(h«  Im,  on  ■ccamil  orUia  Hiltniu  of  Ihs  wmd, 
LfoKmrt.    laiS.  Bnt.  Cib.,  I.  !1S. :  SlBU  B«t.  Nag.,  llGt. ;   tht  platg  of  Uili  ipnln  In  Atb. 

Spa.  Chat^  ifc.  Attnost  deciduous.  Leaves  elliptical,  obtuse,  under  surface 
ritncoui.  Flower  9 — 12-petaled,  contracted.  Petals  ovate,  concave.  {Dob'm 
Mill.)  A  shrub,  or  low  tree,  sometimes  sub-evergreen.  Maasachuietts  to 
HiBouri  in  swamps.  Hdght  in  America  3  ft.  to  10  ft. ;  6  (t.  to  SO  ft  in 
Eaghnd.  Introduced  in  I6B8.  Flowers  white,  8  in.  to  3  in.  broad,  very 
fr^Tiut ;  June  and  September.  Strobile  brownish.  Seeds  deep  iicarlet  i 
ripe  in  October.     Decaying  leaves  yellow,  brown,  or  black.     Nalted  yoang 


1  M.  glaica  8  lenpervirrat  Hon. —  Sub-evergreen,  and  with  smaller 
leaves  than  those  of  the  next  variety, 

1  M,  glauca  3  Thampiorukna  Tltomp.  M.  gla&ca  var,  a  ttia^OT  Bot.  Mag., 
new  edition,  p.  36.  The  plate  of  this  in  the  Arb.  Brit.,  first  edition, 
vol.  v.;  and  our  J^.  36. —  It  was  noticed  about  lB30,inapot  of  seed* 
lings,  by  Mr.  Thompson,  in  his  tiuraery  at  Mile^nd ;  and  by  him  kept 
diatinct,  and  propa^ted  under  the  above  name. 


AttBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUM. 


Olier  Varietiei.  M.  gla&ca  Gordoniaxa  and  M.  glaica  SvrchelUhTia  are 
nainea  found  ia  ouraery men's  CHtalogues,  of  varieties  Haid  to  Jiave  double  or 
Bcnii-double  Howers.  M.  g.  hiifffitia  Purah  h  supposed  to  be  an  abori- 
ginal variety,  and  Bub-ever^een  ;  but  we  think  it  probably  the  same  varietv 
lui  M.  g.  ThoinpsoniaiiD,  which  muy  have  come  up  wild  in  America,  as  well 
as  in  Mr.  Thompson's  nursery.  M.g.  Cartldnii,  M.  Cardon  J.  JCm^bt,  is  a 
variety  imparted  frani  Bel^uin,  where  it  wax  found  by  Mr.  Knight  of 
the  Exotic  Nursery,  in  the  nursery  of  M.  Cardon,  after  whom  he  has 
named  it. 

A  low  tree,  nearly  eve^cen  in  moist  soda,  with  a  slender  stem,  covered 
with  a  smooth  whitish  bark.  The  wood  is  white  and  spongy;  the  young 
shoots  of  a  fine  green.  The  leaves  are  smooth,  of  a  bluish  Rreen  on  their 
upper  surface,  und  whitish  or  glaucous  and  a  little  hidi^  underneath.  The 
flowers  are  produced  in  Msy  or  June,  at  the  extremity  of  the  last  year's  shoots. 
-They  have  nix  concave  white  petals,  and  have  an  agreeable  odour.  The 
spike  or  strobile  of  fruits  is  an  inch  or  more  in  length,  conical,  an  inch  in 
oianieter  in  the  widest  part,  and  of  a  reddish  brown  colour  when  ripe.  When 
the  plant  is  in  a  boil  supplied  vith  moisture  during  the  summer,  it  continues 
to  produce  flowers  till  the  autumn,  and  retains  part  of  il^  leaves  all  the  winter : 
in  dry  situations  the  leaves  drop  otf.  Seeds  are  frequently  ripened  in  Eng- 
land ;  they  are  of  a  bright  scarlet,  and  they  hang  down  by  slender  white 
threads,  as  in  hU  the  other  American  species.  The  young  shoots  are  from  1  ft. 
to  IB  in.  in  length,  and  the  plant,  in  ordinary  circumstances,  will  attain  the 
height  of  13  ft.  In  ten  yenrs.  Plants  are  generally  raised  from  seeds  imported 
from  America,  which  should  be  sown  in  pots  of  bog  earth  about  the  besiit- 
ning  of  March,  and  placed  in  gentle  heat  under  glass.  In  a  year  they  will  be 
fit  to  transplant  into  small  pots  ;  and  everv  year  they  should  be  shifted  into 
others  of  a  larger  size,  till  wanted  for  final  planting  out.  M.  glauca  Thomp- 
Eoniaui,  and  the  other  varieties,  are  propagated  by  iHyers,  which  require  two 
years  to  root  properly. 


111.  hagholia CEJE :  yiAosoLU.  27 

I  3.  HagnoYt^  tripr'tila  L.     The  three-petaled  Hi^m^a. 

8B,S.B.nfi.;  Hkhl..  t.  p.  90. 

■  ■  .I,.—  .^.  .^linatrmit^ KBmr.  Da*., bte.J'rad-Dtm'i  Mia.,Ttr.t  Gri^;ILboiiM— 
lil(L|  Uw  SnilinlU  Tna:  DmbnlU  KwwIurBlkiKiedi  lluiuUa  Fuuul,  ud  Arbre 
rsiMl  Awdn^tfiailfcr  KAenaaio,dnlbBaii|*IIi^^SA'. 

»fF*ti.  Till*  ipKiB  It  edlad  th«  llBbnlU  Tnti  Mnnllnf  U  Mklwu,  beouH  lu  1«>m. 
■Udoalkbord.iDdn.i^K^luM'U  bgtta  acmdtlK.  11  la.  or  Ula.  Inai,  unDtnor 
lls.hiail,ii«  glUo  dinMd  In  nn  ■>  *>>•  nlnnln  ofTliiirDiu  ibooUi  ud  tticH  dtiplmji 
■■hn(ifl|ft.lii4lwur.iadN«)naoruiiBl)mia.  TbtlrwftnlMEIkwiailln  ihtnuHin- 
Bkie(Vli^Bti,>rafeaMrlkiiatta*nHBbluavbldilbap(daU(irtbt  iboati  teu-uth*  boriu 
i(  Iki  A.  Tb*  Fmcli  nHBa  inwtfr  ilfaUy  umbrrtla  tnt.  ud  Um  GcnBun  ooa  Iba  thnc- 
p<ikdbia*VT  ins,  or  maiDOtU. 

£v«^i(.    Mtebi.  Arb.ri.  t.  ».  I  Lodd.  Bol.  Cib.,t' tl9.  i  lbs  plus  aribli  qxcln  bi  AA.  Brit. 

Spec.  CSa-„  ^.  Dectduouk  Leaves  lanceolate,  spreading,  ululc  one*  sniooth, 
jounctr  ones  pabdcent  underneath.  Petals  9 — 18,  exterior  ones  pendent. 
(Doni  ifiil^i,  p.  83.)  A  deciduous  tree  of  the  middle  size.  Penniyl- 
lana  lo  Georgia,  in  nioiat  soil.  Height  30  fl.  to  40 ft.  in  America ;  15fl. 
to  30  ft.  in  E^land.  Introduced  in  1758.  Flowers  white,  7  in.  to  S  in. 
in  diameter,  with  an  unpleasant  odour ;  Hay  to  July.  Strobiles  rose- 
Eoloared,  4  in,  to  5  in.  long ;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves  dark  brown 
or  bbck.     Naked  jrauog  wood  of  a  fiue  mahogany  brown. 


\ 


Tliii  tree,  both  in  America  and  Europe,  is  remarkable  for  the  largeness 
(if  its  leaves  and  its  flowers.  The  wood  is  spon^,  brittle,  with  a  lai^e  pitb, 
nft,  foroui,  and  of  very  little    use.      The  bark  upon  the  trunk  is  grey, 

1         •    ..i.i..i      ...17^..      i.i     green,  it  exhales  a  disagreeable 

IS  shoots  from  the  root,  to  replar 
I,  whidi  are  seldom  of  long  duration  ;  so  that  a  plant  that  ha*  stood 


WMth,  and   polisfaed  -,   and,  if  cut  while   green,  it  exhales  a  disagreeable 
sioor.    In  Bntain  the  ti  .... 

ihrteqw,  whidiareseld  _    .      ,  ^ 

A»Vf  M  forty  yean  ia  one  spot  hits  bad  its  stems  several  tunes  renewed  during 

~   '.     The   leaves  are  18  or  90  inches  lone,  and  7  or  8  inches  broad . 

are7or  8  inches  in  diameter,  with  large  wtiite  flaccid  petals;  ihej;  are 

''  a  of  the  last  year's  slioots,  have  a  languid  luxurious 

but  heavy  odour.     The  fruit,  which  is  conical,  is  5  or 


»  poiod. 
hedowersi 


23  AltBOnETUM    ET   FEUTICEI UM    BRITANNICUM. 

6  inches  lung,  luid  iil>out  8  in.  in  diameter ;  it  is  of  a  beautiful  rase  colour,  and 
con:ains  usually  from  50  to  60  seeds.  This  sjiccies  is  very  hardy,  and  can 
withstand  the  most  rigorous  winters,' when  the  summer  has  been  suiEcienily 
hot  to  ripen  the  wu^  thoroughly.     As  it  is  a  short-lived  tree,  and  cnnse- 

Siiently  flowers  early,  there  Is  not  the  winie  objection  to  raisicc;  plants  of  it 
■oin  seed,  as  there  is  to  raising  plants  in  that  manner  of  M.  grandifldra, 
which  is  a  long-Jived  species.  The  soil  should  be  a  deep,  rich,  sandj  loam,  bdiI 
the  situation  sheltered  nnd  shaded.  Exposure  to  the  sun  is  tujurious ;  and, 
trained  against  a  south  wall,  the  plant  suflers  extremely.  A  sheltered  ({lade 
in  a  shrubbery  or  wood,  where  the  tree  is  sufficiently  distant  from  others  not  to 
be  injured  by  their  roots,  is  the  moat  desirable  site.  In  the  nurseries  it  is 
nluiost  always  propagated  by  seeds,  which  should  be  sown  immediately  after 
ihev  are  gathered,  as  when  they  are  left  exposed  they  became  rancid  and  lose 
their  vital  qualities ;  though,  ir  enveloped  in  moist  moss  or  earth,  they  may  be 
preiierved  for  several  months.  The  plants  should  be  kept  in  pots  until 
required  for  final  transplanting. 

1  4.  M.  MACRO pky'lla  Mx.     The  long-leaved  Magnolia. 


SpecCliar.,^.  Deciduous.  LeaTeBTerjIurge.oblong-obovateiSoniewhatpandii- 
riform,  cordate  at  the  base,  under  surface  whiijsh,  glaucous.  Petals  6 — 9, 
ovate.  {Don'i  MUi.)  A  dedduous  tree  of  the  middle  ai7e.  North  Caro- 
Lnii  and  Georgia,  Height  30tt  to  40  ft.  in  America  ;  15  ft,  to  30  ft.  in 
England.  Introduced  in  1800.  Flowers  white,  with  a  purple  spot  near 
the  base  of  each  petal;  8 in.  to  10 in.  in  diameter,  fragruntj  June  and 
July.  Strobile  rose-coloured ;  ripe  in  Oetuber,  Decaying  leave*  yellow, 
brown,  t>r  black.     Naked  young  wood  of  a  whitish  brown. 


III.    MAGNOL/^^CJBJ? :    MAGNO^L/^.  29 

Tbe  general  appearance  of  this  tree  greatly  resembles^ that  of  Magnolia 
tiipetala.  The  termiiial  arrangemeut  of  the  leaves  is  the  same,  and  it  is 
rcnarkabie  that  in  Amenca  the  two  trees  are  almost  always  found  together, 
la  point  of  size,  it  exceeds  the  M.  tripetala,  both  in  its  leaves  and  general 
hapa. ;  but  it  is  seldom  found  higher  than  35  ft.,  which  exceeds  the  height 
of  the  other  by  a  sixth  part  only.  The  body  of  the  tree  is  covered  with 
a  ftiDootb  and  very  white  bark,  by  which,  in  the  winter,  when  stripped  ot 
its  leaves,  it  is  readily  distinguished  from  M.  tripetala.  At  this  season,  also,  it 
may  be  distinguished  by  its  buds,  which  are  compressed,  and  covered  with  a 
m  andalver)'  down  ;  whereas  in  M.  tripetala  they  are  prominent  and  rounded 
at  the  end.  The  leaves,  in  its  native  country,  are  35  in.  long,  and  9  or  10 
indies  broad  ;  and  in  vigorous  plants,  in  England,  they  sometimes  even  exceed 
these  dimensions.  They  are  borne  on  petioles  short  in  comparison  with  the 
size  of  tbe  leaves,  and  are  of  an  oblong  oval  shape,  pointed  at  the  extremity, 
aod  cordiform  at  the  base ;  their  colour  is  light  green  above,  and  glaucous 
benestb.  The  fruit  is  about-4  in.  long,  nearly  cylindrical,  and  of  a  vivid  rose- 
colour  when  arrived  at  maturity.  Young  plants  of  this  species  grow  very 
slowly  till  they  are  thoroughly  established,  which  will  require,  in  general, 
two  years.  The  yearns  shoots  may  then  be  from  1  ft.  to  3  fl. ;  so  that  in  ten 
jem  a  plant  may  attain  the  height  of  12  or  15  feet.  It  may  be  considered 
a  sfaort-lifed  tree,  and,  like  all  such,  it  comes  into  flower  when  young.  It  has 
rarely,  if  ever,  been  propagated  in  this  country  by  inarching  or  layers,  and 
▼en  sddom  from  seeds  ;  and,  hence,  the  plant  is  very  sparmely  distributed. 
So3,  propagation,  &c^  as  in  M.  tripetala.  Seeds  are  ripened  m  France,  and 
joung  plants  imported  from  that  country,  or  from  North  America. 

i  5.  M.  acumina'ta  L.    The  pointed-leaved  Magnolia. 

Unt^hatigm.     Ua.  Sp.,  756.;  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  80. ;    Don**  Mill.,  1.  p.  83.;  Tor.  and  Grajr,  1. 

p.Q. 
Sfwa^^mes.   X.  rtgticM,  aod  M.  peniuylTinica,  of  some ;  the  blue  Magnolia,  Eng. ;  the  Cucumber 

Tnc,  U.S.i  MagDoUcs-  acomin^  MagnoUw  4  FeuiUea  polnt£es,  Fr. ;  lugcffpluer  Bieberbaum, 

Ger. 
DmiMtiM.   Thh  tpeciea  b  called  the  Cucumber  Tree,  In  America,  from  iU  fruit  reiembUng  a 

anil  mnaabtr.    The  ocher  names  are  translations  of  tbe  botanic  one; 
Eagrnrngs.    Mkia.  Arb.,  3.  p.  8S.  t.3. ;  Bot  Mag.,  34S7. ;  and  the  plate  in  Arb.  Brit,  lit  edlL 

VOL  T. ;  aod  tmrjlg.  SSi 

Spec.  CAor.,  ^c.  Deciduous.  Leaves  oval,  acuminate,  under  surface  pubescent. 
Flowers  &->&^taled.  (Don't  MUL)  A  deciduous  tree  of  large  size.  New 
Tori[  to  Georgia.  Height  in  America  60  ft.  to  80  ft.,  with  the  trunk 
4  ft.  to  5  ft.  in  diameter  at  the  base  ;  in  England  30  ft.  to  50  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1736.  Flowers  yellowish  within,  glaucous  without,  slightly  fra- 
pant;  May  to  July.  Strobile  cylindncal,  brownish  red,  Sin.  Ions;  ripe 
in  October.  Decaying  leaves  dark  brown  or  black.  Wood  of  a  maihogany 
brown. 


I  Jf.  a.  2  Candoifx  SavL — Leaves  ovate  oblong,  acute.    Flowers  greenish. 

Figured  in  Savi's  BibL  Ital,,  p.  224. 
^  ALa.  3  marima  Lodd. — Leaves  much  larger  than  those  of  the  original 
species.    Introduced  by  Messrs.  Loddiges,  and  cultivated  in  different 
nurseries. 
Other  Varieties,    The  MapidUa  acuminata  being  frequently  raised  from 
seed,  and  the  seedlings  varying  much  in  the  size  ot  their  leaves,  and  in  the 
presence  or  absence  of  pubescence,  both  on  the  leaves  and  wood,  it  would 
be  easy  to  select  several  varieties  apparently  as  distinct  as  those  above 
mentioned,  such  as  M.  striata,  latifolia,  &c.     In  the  Gold  worth  Nursery, 
Woking,  Surrey,  are  some  which  appear  remarkably  distinct. 

Trunk  straight,  branches  numerous,  shoots  regularly  distributed.  The 
leaves  are  from  6  in.  to  7  in.  long,  and  ftom  3  in.  to  4<  in.  broad,  upoi.  old 
trees,  bttt  double  that  size  upon  young  vigorous-growing  plants.  Michaux 
^esaiba  them  as  oval,  entire,  and  verv  acuminate;  but,  in  the  seedlings 
T^ned  in  British  nurseries,  they  are  found  somethnes  ovate,  nearly  orbiculate. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETIIH    BRITANNICUM. 


and  conlete  acumioate.  The  flowers  are  4  or  5  inches  in  diameter,  bluish, 
and  (ometimes  white,  with  a  tint  of  yellow.  They  have  but  a  feeble  odoiir, 
and  the  petals  are  never  hiUy  expanded,  ihougn,  a«  they  are  large  and 
numerouK,  they  have  a  fine  effect  in  the  iDi£t  of  the  superb  foliage. 
Plants  raised  from  seeds  do  not  nsually  produce  flowers  till  they  are 
eight  or  ten  yeura  old,  when  the  tree  will  probablv  be  from  15  ft  to  SO  ft. 
in  height;  but  plants  raised  from  kkjeis  produce  flowers  in  two  or  diree 
years.  The  fruit  is  about  3  in.  loug,  and  Dearly  1  in.  in  diameter.  It  is 
nearly  cylindrical,  and  often  a  little  larger  at  the  summit  than  at  the  base  :  it 
b  convex  on  one  side,  and  concave  on  the  other ;  and,  when  green,  it  nearl; 
resembles  a  young  cucumber:  it  becomes  rose-coloured  when  ripe;  and,  as 
in  the  case  of  the  other  species,  the  seeds,  before  they  drop,  remain  sus- 
pended for  some  time  by  long  white  threads.  The  wood  of  this  tree  is  of  a 
fincgrain,  and  of  an  orange  colour.  A  free,deep,an(l  rather  moist  soil  answers 
best  for  this  specica  ;  but,  as  it  h  much  hardier  than  any  of  the  others  in  this 
section,  it  wilt  grow  in  almost  any  soil  tliiit  is  moderately  free,  and  not  over- 
charged with  moisture.  It  is  generally  propagated  in  the  London  nurseries 
by  layers,  the  plants  so  produced  flowering  much  sooner  than  seedlings ;  but 
the  latter,  as  they  make  iiu-  more  durable  plants,  should  always  be  preferred 
when  this  species  is  used  as  a  stock  to  grait  or  inarch  others  i>n.  It  is  so  used 
rv  generally,  not  only  for  M.  auriculata  and  cordata,  but  for  M.  consptctia 
□  SouliuiEeana.  The  plants  are,  in  some  nurseries,  grown  in  the  free  soil ; 
Dut  it  is  always  preferable  to  rear  them  in  pots ;  because,  in  that  case. 
they  are  not  checked  by  transplanting,  and  at  least  a  year  is  guned  in  their 

T  e.  M.  (a.)  cordata  Mi.     The  heart./mtvd  Magnolia. 

.    HIch.  Bor.  AicFr.,1.  p.  US. ;  Dae.  Prod..  1.  p.  N.  ;  Dnn'i  NIU..  I.  p.  SI.;  Tar. 
Tk*  hurUnixt  Cocuralier  Tne,  Amtr. ;  Micoallm'  1  FcuUlM  a  Cow,  Fr,  i  bars. 


rervgi 
uid  Sc 


n 


.    MAGNOU^V^^:    MAONOYW. 


S/iee.  Ciar^  fc.  DedduouB.  Leaves  broadly  o*ate,  subcordate;  acute, 
under  surfiKe  tameatose,  ujiper  surface  iiuooth.  Petals  6 — 9,  oblong. 
(iton'j  AfiU.)  A  deciduoiu  tree  of  the  middle  size,  Carolina  to  Georgia, 
OD  mountauu.  H^t  SOft.  to  40  fL  and  50  ft.  in  America,  aiid  SO  ft.  to 
soft  in  En^laiKl.  fntroduccd  in  1600.  Flowers  yeUow  slichtly  streaked 
«idi  red,  with  a  disweeable  odour,  sddom  expanding  full; ;  June  and 
Jul}'.  Strobile  like  that  of  H.  acuniiiata,  but  amallert  ripe  ia  October. 
Decaying  leares  dail  brown  or  black.     Naked  young  wood  noaiy  brown. 


"Dsh  tree,  in  lU  nadre  country,  has  a  tnink  12  or  15  inches  in  diameter, 
MtiAt,  and  corered  with  a  rough  and  deeply  furrowed  bark.  Its  leaves 
are  &mn  tin.  to  6 in.  in  length,  and  from  3  in.  to  A  in.  wide,  smooth  and 
entirE.  The  flowers  are  from  ^in.  to  iia.  m  diameter.uid  are  succeeded  by 
Atnt  about  3  in.  long,  and  nearly  1  in.  in  thickness,  of  a  similar  form  to  those 
«f  the  preceding  apeciea.  The  soil,  dcuation,  propagation,  &c.,  may  be  con- 
■idered  [be  same  at  for  H.  acuminita ;  but,  as  hL  (a.)  cordita  seema,  in  its 
B^n  country,  to  inhabit  higher  and  drier  localities  than  M.  acuminita,  it 
mj  probably  be  placed  in  atilTmore  exposed  atuations  than  that  tpenes  in 

X  7.  H.  adbicui.aVa  Lam.    The  auricled-fnnvJ  Magnolia. 

McufiM^m.    WIDd.Sp..l.n.  llU.j  Dm.  Trod.  I.  p.m.;  Dnn'l  Mill.,  Lp-N. 

'I  lil    ri     N.  Frtav/Will..  Tor.  a  Gnr  I  M.  uricuUrU  SaUii. :  Indlmn  Phf^,  ud  lonf-UxTrd 

Cni^^KTnt.JmlT.;  ilMfaoa*r*arira>t,Fr.-,frlitiTlmncuni)mcbl:ibmoa,  Orr. 
&wr*%i-    B<it.llic..lme.(  [brpludnArti.  Brit.,  lit  edtt  tdLt.i  iniau jig- **■ 

SpK.  Ckat.,  4v.  Deciduous.  Leaves  smooth,  under  sur&ce  somewhat 
glsDcons,  spstbulately  obovate,  cordate  at  the  base,  with  blunt  approximate 
■urides.  Sepals  3,  spreadii^.  Petals  9,  oblong,  attenuate  at  the  base. 
(Doa'i  JUiil.)  A  smooth  deciduous  tree  of  the  middle  size.  Carolina  to 
Florida,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Mountains.  Height  SO  ft.  to  40  ft.  in  America, 
iDd80ft.to30ft.  in  Engiand.  Introduced  in  1766.  riowers  white  ;  April 
ud  Hay.  Stroblleoval  oblong,  rose-coloured;  ripe  in  October.  Decaymg 
leares  of  a  rich  yellowish  brown.  Naked  young  wood  smooth,  and  of  a 
piuptisb  mahogany  colour,  with  small  white  dots. 

M.  a.  2  pt/ramdata.    M.  pyramjdata  Barlr.;   M.  Friaeri  pynunid^ta 
A'liA.,  Tor.  ^  Gray.    The  plate  ia  Arb.  Brit.  1st  edit.  rol.  v.;  and 


ARBoaETUM    ET  FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH 


our  fig.  41.  —  Leaves  shorter  tban  (hose  of  the  9pede«,  and  theiilaii. 
altogether  weaker.     It  is  found  in  the  western  partB  of  Carolina  and 
Georgia,  but  only  m  two  or  three  lacalilics.     Propagated    by  in- 
arching on  M.  auriculAta,  but  it  requires  two  years  to  adhere,  and 
seldom  makes  a  vigorous  plant. 
This  tree  has  a  straight  trunk  12  or  15  inches  in  diameter,  often  without 
branches  for  half  its  hei;;ht ;    the  branches  siiread  widely,  and  ramify   but 
sparingly  1  and  this  circumstance.  Michaux  observes,  gives  the  tree  a  very 
peculiar  air,  so  that  it  may  readily  be  known  at  a  distance,  even  in  winter. 


The  leave*  are  of  a  light  green  colour,  of  a  fine  texture,  6  or  IS  inches  long, 
and  from  4  in.  to  6  in.  broad  :  onyount;  and  vigorous  trees  tbey_  are  often  one 
third,  or  even  one  half,  larger.  The  flowers  are  3  or  4  inches  in  diameter,  of 
a  milky  white,  and  of  an  agreeable  odour,  and  are  Mtiiated  at  the  extremity  of 
the  yOiing  shoots.     The  tniit  ia  oval,  3  or  4iiiche9  long,  and,  kite  thai   of 


oftbeotl 


III.    HAGHOL/^r£^:    MAOVO\IA.  ^ 

tripetsla,  of  a  beautiful  rose  colour  when  ripe  ;  it  drffen  from  t1io«e 
othn  specie!  by  a  little  inferiority  of  aiie,  and  b j  a  smal!  Bppendafe 
■kich  leiminate!  the  carpels.  Each  carpel  contains  one  or  two  seeds.  The 
■Odd  b  toft,  spongy,  ferj  tight,  and  un^t  for  use.  The  bark  is  grey,  and 
linji  EiDooth,  eren  on  the  oldest  trees.  When  the  epiderniis  is  removed, 
the  eellulv  tniegument,  hy  contact  with  the  air,  instantly  changes  from  while 
to  jdtow.  In  England,  annual  shoots  of  yo\ing  plants  are  from  I  ft.  to  S  ft.  or 
•nrein  length  ;  and  the  height  which  the  tree  usually  attiiinH  in  10  years  is 
froB  10  tt.  to  15  ft.  The  Moi  for  this  apecies  ought  to  be  free  and  deep ; 
lod  tbe  MtoatioD  low,  sheltered,  and  moist,  rather  than  dry.  As  seeds  are 
Dot  Tery  esolj  procured,  the  common  mode  of  propagation  is  by  layers,  or 
by  inardiiog  on  M.  acuminita.  Two  years  aro  required  before  the  plants 
can  be  sepvated  from  tbe  parent  stock. 

§  ii.    Gmillitma  Bott.  in  Dec.  Syst. 


'sjya 


DTof  MidfH.    {Drm-iMIB.. 

Stcl.  Oar.  Asiatic  apedes,  generally  with  two  opposite  spaihe-like  bractcaa 
cnckuing  the  flower'hud.  Anthers  bursting  inwards.  Uvaries  somewhat 
distant.    (jDvn'i  IHUI.)     Trees  or  shrubs ;  natives  of  Asia. 


Sprc.GaT^  ifc.  Deciduous.  Leaves  ohovate,  abruptly  acuminated  ;  younger 
ooes  pubcsicent,  enpanding  after  the  flowers.  Flowers  erect,  6 — 9-petaled. 
^yles  ensrt.  (Don'i  MUl)  A  deciduous  tree  of  the  middle  size.  China. 
Hd^t  in  Chins  40  ft  to  50  fl. ;  in  England  SO  H.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in 
17B9.  Flowers  white,  froerant;  Februnry  and  April.  Strobiles  brownish  j 
ripe  m  September.  Decaying  leaves  dark  brown  or  black.  Naked  young 
vixxt  ash^coloured  or  greyish  brown- 
rteieiia,or  Hybridt. 

1  M.C.  2  Soaiangnan.  M.  Soulangeana  An. 
Uort.  Soc.  Par.;  Magnolier  de  Soulatige, 
FV.  (M.  Soulaogeana  Swt.  Brit.  Fl.- 
Oard.,  t.  260.  i  and  our  &.  *3.)  ~  The  I 
leaves,  wood,  and  general  habit  of  this ' 
tree  bear  a  close  resemblance  to  those  of 
H.  consplcua.  The  flowers  resemble  in 
form  those  of  M.  purpurea  var.  grAcilis 
or  of  M.  purpurea,  and  the  petula  arc 
slightly  tinged  with  purple.  It  waa  raided 
at  Fromont,  near  Paris,  from  the  seeds 
of  a  plant  of  H.  conapfcua,  which  stood 
near  one  of  M.  purpurea,  in  front  of  the 

chateau    of    M.    Koulange-Bodin ;    ilie     ""  "■«^"'™'^'"''~'"*~~- 

flowers  of  the  former  of  which  had  been  accidentally  fecundated  by 

tbe  pollen  of  the  latter. 

Olier  Farieliei,  if  liybridi.     M.  conspfcua  has  ripened  seeds  in  various 

pbccs :  and,  as  it  fertiEises  readily  with  M.  purpi^rea  and  M.  gracilis,  mnny' 

m  vanetie*  may  be  expected  when  the  attention  of  cultivators  is  more 


X' 


ARBORETUM    F.T    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

lially  directed  to  the  subject.     M.  c.  S.  iprMia  and  M.  c.  S.  AUxax^ 
in  Brilinh  gardens,  Init  they  are  not  worth  keeiHi^  distinct  rruin 


Tliis  is  a  rery  showy  tree,  distinguiahable  from  all  the  other  mHignoliait 
of  both  aectiana,  by  ica  flowers  expanding  before  any  of  the  leaves.  The 
tree  aaaumeH  a  regular  conical  shape,  with  a  grey  bark  and  nunieroua 
hninchcs  and  twiua.  which  generally  have  a  Tertical,  mther  than  a  horitontat, 
direction.  The  young  ehoots  are  from  I  ft.  to  18  in.  in  length,  and  the  tree, 
in  ten  years,  will  attain  tlie  height  of  from  10  ft.  to  15  ft.,  flowering  the  second 
or  third  year  after  grafting.  It  ii  nearly  as  hardy  as  the  AmErican  species ; 
flowering  freely  every  year,  as  a  standard,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London, 
when  the  wood  has  been  properly  ripened  during  the  preceding  summer.  A 
rich  sandy  loam  seems  to  suit  this  species  best;  but  it  will  (irow  in  any  de^ 
free  soil,  properly  drained,  and  moderately  enriched.  The  situation,  when  it 
is  to  be  trcHteil  an  a  standard,  ought  tobesufficleDtly  open  to  admit  of  ripening 
the  wood  in  uutumn,  and  yet  not  so  warm  as  to  urge  forward  the  floHcr-bu<ls 
prematurely  in  spring,  as  they  are  very  lialde  to  be  injured  by  frost;  front 
whch,  however,  tliey  may  be  protected  by  a  very  slight  covering  (during  nights 
and  frottty  days)  of  gauze  or  bunting,  stretched  over  the  tree  horiiontHlly, 
and  supported  by  posts.  Against  a  wall,  ihe  tree  shows  itself  in  its  greateit 
beauty  (  and  there  it  can  easily  be  protected,  by  a  projecting  coping,  from  the 
severest  weather  ever  experienced  In  the  neighbourhood  of  London.  In 
wnrm  situations,  sloping  to  the  south  or  south-east,  the  tree  has  a  fine  eflect 
planted  in  Front  of  a  bank  of  evergreensj  and,  indeeil,  wherever  it  is  planted, 
evergreens  should  be  placed  near  it,  and,  if  possible,  so  as  to  fomi  a  fuok- 
ground,  on  account  of^ 'he  flowers  expanding!  beFore  the  tree  ia  furnished  with 
any  leaves.  The  species  and  all  the  varieties  are  propi^te<l  by  layers,  or 
by  inarching  on  M.  purpiirea  or  on  M.  acuminata.  When  inarched  on  M. 
purpurea,  the  tree  is  comparatively  dwarfed,  by  which  it  is  rendered  very  con- 
venient for  use  as  a  shrub,  or  fur  growing  in  pots,  and  forcing ;  but,  when  it  is 
intended  to  form  a  tree,  it  should  either  be  inarched  on  M.  acuminiita,  or  raised 


from  layers  or  seeds.     It  generally  requires  two  years  before  the  plants  c 

be  sepa rated   from  the  parent  stock.  Some  plants  of  this  Bpecies  nave  been 

raised  from  seed  ripened  in   Europe ;    and  we  have  no  doubt  that,  when  this 


magnificent  tree  becomes  better  known  and  more  generally  in  demand,  i_ 
wilt  be  raised  in  this  way  extensively  in  France  and  Italy,  and  supplied  to 
the  British  nurseries  from  these  countries. 


III.    MAQKOUJ^CEX:    MAGMOY.M.  35 

•  9.  H.  purpd'rba  Sinu.     Tlie  putple-Jlauiered  HBgnotia. 

1,.t^mii.    H.  aba>lu  Tin,  ^  Dn'i  VfO.  1.  p.  H.  i  V.  OMeolor  Ftnt. ;  V.  itoadixt  Lam.  i 
Ot  ohoiitt-ltHBl  MagnaUMj  UisDDllKiUKaJiirt  An.  Jiird.,Miiil  lUcDoUaMcolori  !]■>., iy.l 

^n:.  Cjtor.,  cj?.  Deciduous.  Leaves  obovBle^  acute,  reticulatelj'  vrined ;  almoEt 
■mooth.  Flowers  erect,  of  3  sepals  and  6  obovate  petals ;  stvles  very  short. 
(Dm'i  Mitl.}  A  deciduous  sbrub,  with  la^  dark  greea  foliage.  Japan. 
Ue^ht  3 ft.  to  5  fL  Introduced  in  ITW.  Flowers  purple  ouiaide,  white 
•ilbiD  ;  March  to  Maj.  Strobile  brownish ;  ripe  in  September.  Decaying 
leaves  blade  Naked  young  wood  greenish  brown. 
TaiirSa. 

»  M.p.t  griciSt.   H.  Solnu  Dec.  and  Q.  Don ;  M.  tomentdna  T^tin.  in 
Lot.  TVatu.  Ksmpf,  Icon.,  t.  48. ;  Par.  Lon.,  t.  87.  —  The  two  mun 
points  of  di^reuce  between  it  and  M,  purpurea  are.  the  paler  green, 
and  somewhat  narrower  shape,  of  the  leaves  ;  and  the  loneer  and 
iDOre  slender  form  of  the  flower,  the  points  of  the  petals  of  which 
are  slightly  turned  back  ;  while  the  flower  of  M.  purpurea  is  more 
cnp-sbapeJ,  and  the  petals  at  the  points  are  rather  turned  InwardB. 
The  petals  of  M.  gracilis  are  on  the  exterior  entirely  of  a  dark  purple, 
whereas  tlioxe  of  M.  purpurea  melt  off"  into  white  al  their  upper 
eitremities.     A  number  of  plants  of  this  variety,  which  stood  in  the 
Hammenmith  Nursery  as  border  shrubs,  and  flowered  freely  every 
year,  were  killed  down  to  the  ground  in  the  winter  of  1837-8. 
Olirr  Ftaie^rt.     In  DeCandoile's  Prodromat,  and  in  Don's  Miller,  three 
varieties  are  described :  M.  p.  dauuiaia  Lam.,  distinguished  by  (he  flower- 
ing tvascbes  bdng  without  leaves ;  M.  p.  ducoior  Vent,  which  is  said  to  be 
rather  more  tender  than  the  species ;  and  jV.  p.  \ilifidra  Lam.,  the  petals  of 
ubicb  are  white  on  both  sides.     These  varieties  were  originally  described 
b;  tCcmpfer;  but,  as  far  as  we  know,  none  oi  them  are  in  British  gardens. 
Scvtral  plantH  of  this  species  having  been  raised  from  tteed  ripened  in  this 
lountiT,  the  plants  may  exhibit  slight  shade!)  of  dilfcrence,  as  has  been  the 
case  with  certain  seedlings  raised  in  the  Brentford  Nursery ;  but,  as  far  as 
we  have  observed,  none  of  these  are  worth  keeping  distinct.     The  only 
•viety  which  we  consider  truly  distinct  is  M.  p.gradlii,  cousldered  as  a 
species  by  Salisbury  and  other  botanists,  but 
wbich,  we  are  convinced,  is  nothing  more  tban 
>  race,  or  a  variety.     At  Desio,  a  variety  has 
been  raised  which  grows  only  1^  f^.  high,  and 
which  S^or  Cassoretti,  the  garden  director 
there,  calla  if.  odovdta  pumiia. 
A  deciduous  shrub,  altaining,  in  the  gardens 
about  London,  the  height  of  Irom  4  li.  (o  8  ft  in 
■a  many  years,  and  seldom  growing  much  higher 
at  a  biuh.     The  stems  are  numerous,  but  not 
tnoch  branched ;  the  leaves  are  large,  of  a  very 
<lirk  green ;  and  the  jilant  produces  a  profusion 
of  Bowen.  which  do  not  expand  fiilly  till  a  day 
sr  two  before  they  drop  off*;  and  which,  unless 
the  weather  is  wsmi,  do  not  expiuid  at  al],  but 
nber  on    the   plant,   and   dlsflgurv  it.     The 
fewere  are  large,  more  or  lesx  purple  ^according 
to  the  Ksaon,  but  never  wholly  dark  purplej 
vithoot,  and  always  white  within.     The  bark, 

■ben  bruised,  has  an  aromatic  odour.     A  very  *^  nataitm  ,orimt. 

■nanientsl  species,  which  no  garden  ought  to  be  without.     This  species  is 
•merally  crauidered  as  retjuiring  a  mixture  of  heath  soil,  or  sandy  peut,  with 
■oan  ,  but  in  many  ^rdens  about  London  it  succeeds  perfectly  both  in  sand 
D  8 


86  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRfTANNICUM. 

and  clay ;  the  latter  soil  being  rendered  free  by  sand,  leaf  mould,  or  manure, 
and  drainage.  The  situation,  when  the  plant  is  treated  as  a  bush*  ought  to  be 
open,  in  order  that  the  wood  may  be  ripened;  and  the  plant  should  be 
detached,  in  order  that  it  may  be  covered  with  foliage  and  blossoms  on  every 
side.  North  of  London,  in  most  situations,  it  requires  a  wall,  and  few  plants 
are  more  deserving  of  one.  Against  a  wall,  it  will  reach  the  height  of  15  ft. 
or  20  ft.  In  the  London  nurseries,  it  is  generally  propagated  by  layers  ;  but 
it  will  also  strike  by  cuttings,  both  of  the  ripened  and  the  herbaceous  wood. 
The  stools  are  generally  formed  in  pits  ;  or,  if  in  the  open  ground,  they 
are  covered  with  mats  during  winter.  Seeds  have  been  ripened  both  in  Eng- 
land and  France  ;  and  from  these  plants  have  been  raised  in  some  few  nur- 
series. The  plants,  whether  raised  from  lavers,  cuttings,  or  seed,  should 
always  be  kept  in  pots  till  wanted  for  final  planting.  This  species  often 
serves  <m  a  stock  for  grafting  the  other  kinds  on,  which  belong  to  this  section. 

Genus  II. 


LIRIODE'NDRON  L.    Thb  Tulip  Tree. 

Gen.  Char,  Carpels  1 — 2-seeded,  disposed  in  spikes,  indehiscent,  deciduous, 
drawn  out  into  a  wing  at  the  apex.  Calyx  of  3  deciduous  sepals.  Corolla 
of  6  petals,  conniving  into  a  bell-shaped  flower.  (Dan's  Mill.^  i.  p.  86.) 
—  There  is  only  one  species ;  a  deaduous  tree  of  the  first  rank,  native 
of  North  America. 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  3-lobed,  the  terminal  lobe 
emarginately  truncate,  the  lateral  ones  with  two  sinuses.  Stipules  flat. 
Flowers  terminal,  solitary,  greenish  yellow,  orange  within.  —  The  only  spe- 
cies in  British  gardens  is  tlie  Liriodendron  Tulipifera. 

t  1.  Liriode'ndron  TulipiVera  L.     Tlie  Tulip-bearing  Liriodendron,  or 

Tulip  Tree. 

Identifleation.    Lin.  Sn.,  755. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  82. ;  Don**  Mill.,  I.  p.  86. 

Synonymet.    The  Poplar,  White  Wood,  Canoe  Wood,  the  Tulip  Tree,  Anur. ;  Virginian  Poplar, 

Tuifp-bearlngLily  Tree,  Saddle  Tree,  Eng. ;  Tulipler  de  Virglnie,  Fr.  i  Virglniicher  Tulipe«r- 

baum,  Ger. 
DerivaUon.    Tbif  tree  i«  called  LirIod§ndron,  from  ieirion,  a  lily,  and  dendron,  a  tree;  firom  the 


flower*  retemblingjhoie  of  a  lilf,  though  more  correcUf  those  of  a  tulip,  as  the  speciflcjiamn  Im. 
the  colour  of  its  timber :  Canoe  Wood,  ftom  the  use  to  which  it  is  applied  by  the  native  Indiana 


J,  tnougn  more  correcUf  those  or  a  tuiip,  as  tne  speci 
its  general  resemblance  to  trees  of  that  genus ;  whlt4 


pliea.    It  is  called  Pcplar,  from  its  general  resemblance  to  trees  of  that  genus ;  White  Wood,  fVora 


MIC  «,»•»»•    VI   •»>   viiiiu<.i    .     ^niivi^     ..  uvni,    iivii.    •.•!«    w>«^    .v    ..III*...   •«  »  ..|.|#.K«>   vj    ».•«    u»i..>«i    luuavti*  . 

Tulip  Tree,  (nm  its  tuIln-Hkc  flowers ;  and  Saddle  Tree,  from  the  form  of  Ita  leaves.    The  French 
and  German  names  are  literal  translations  of  the  words  Virginian  tulip  tree. 
Enfiravtngs.    Bot.  Mag.,  275. ;  Duh.,  torn.  3.  t.  18. ;  the  plate  In  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.  voL  ▼.  ;  and 
our^.  46. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  smooth,  truncate  at  the  top ;  4-lobed,  resembling  a 
saddle  in  sha{)e.  Flowers  large,  solitary,  terminal ;  variegated  with  green, 
yellow,  and  orange  colour ;  fumitthed  with  two  deciduous  bracteaa  under 
flowers.  (Don's  Mill.)  A  smooth  deciduous  tree  of  large  size.  Canada 
to  Florida.  Height  70  ft.  to  140  fb.,  and  trunk  8  ft.  to  9  ft.  in  diameter, 
in  America ;  50  ft.  to  90  ft.  in  England.  Introduced  in  1688.  Flowers 
greenish  yellow  without,  orange  within ;  June  and  July.  Strobile  brown ; 
ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves  rich  yellow  and  brown.  Naked  young 
wood  smooth,  and  of  a  mahogany  brown. 

Variety. 

It  L.  T.2  obtusiloba  Michx.,  integrifdiia  Hort.,  Yellow  Wood,  or  Yellow 
Poplar,  has  the  leaves  with  blunter  lobes  than  the  species,  but  is  in 
no  other  respect  different  from  it. 
Other  Varieties,  L.  T.  acutifolia  Michx.  has  never,  we  believe,  been  intro- 
duced.    L.  T.  Jldva  Hort.  hai^  yellow  flowers.     As  the  tulip  tree  is  almost 
always  raised  from  seeds,  it  is  probable  that  the  flowers  of  seedlings    will 


iiLUAasouA'cEjE:  liriode'ni 

nrj  in  thor  *hadea  of  colour,  and  any  detiralilc  var 
anted  bj  propeptiiig  the  plant  poueuing  it  by  layers 


e  com]>oseil  of  scales  closely  imbricaled, 
whicb,  in  the  spriag,  are  dialended  by  the  growth  ofthe  minute  bundle  of  leaves 
that  tbey  eocloBe,  till  they  finally  fdl  off.  Tbe  flowers,  which  are  larve,  bnl- 
lont,  and  on  detached  trcea  very  DLunerou-i,  tire  variegated  with  different 
cokun,  imong  which  yellow  predominates ;  they  bare  an  agreeable  odour,  and, 
■urroaiided  by  the  luxuriant  foliage,  they  produce  a  line  effect.  The  fruit  is 
aHuposedofB  great  number  of  thin  narrow  scales,  attached  lo  a  conunon  axis, 
sad  formii^  a  conical  spike  8  or  3  inches  in  length.  Each  fruit  contains  60  or 
lOtarpda;  of  which  never  more  than  a  third,  and,  in  some  seasons,  not  more 
than  seven  or  eight  in  the  whole  number,  are  matured.  It  is  also  observed, 
that,  during  ten  yean  after  it  bt^ns  to  yield  fniit,  almost  all  the  seeds  are  un- 
productive  ;  and  that,  on  large  trees,  the  seeds  from  the  highest  branches  nre 
tbe  besL  The  heart,  or  perfect,  wood  of  the  tulip  tree  is  yellow,  approaching 
to  B  lonon  colour  ;  and  its  sap,  or  alburnum,  is  white.  The  annual  shoots  of 
}oane  plants,  in  tbe  neighbourhood  of  London,  are  fromlBm.  to  Sft.in 
length ;  and  the  tree  will,  in  favourable  circumstances,  attain  the  height  of 
from  lA  fL  to  80  ft  in  ten  years ;  seldom,  however,  Sewering  till  it  is  upwards 
or  twenty  ydrs  old.  The  height,  in  England,  frequently  exceeds  70  ft,  ;  and 
it  has  ripened  seeds  here,  occasionally,  from  which  young  plants  have  been 
laised.  It  ripens  its  fruit  very  generally  in  France  ;  thougn  it  is  observed,  in 
the  A'oiiBtau  Du  Hamcl,  that  these  seeds  do  not  vegetate  so  freely  as  those 
which  are  imparted  from  America.  Deep,  loamy,  good  soil  best  suits  the 
tulip  tree  ;  and  tbe  situation  most  favourable  ie  one  which,  while  it  is  sheltered 
from  high  winds,  b,  at  the  same  time,  sufficiently  exposed  to  the  light  and  air 
to  admit  of  the  maturation  of  its  leaves  on  eve:^  siiie,  and  the  perfect  ripening 
of  its  wood,  without  which  it  can  neither  resist  the  severe  frosts  of  winter, 
DOT  Ibnn  blossom  buds.  The  species  is  seldom,  if  ever,  propagated  otherwise 
than  by  »eeds,  which  come  up  be«t  in  heath  soil,  very  fine  mould,  or  sandy 
kmo,  in  a  shady  situation,  kept  rather  moist ;  but  the  varieties  are  multiplied 
by  layers  or  inarching.  When  the  seeds  are  sown  in  autumn,  they  genernily 
oKiie  up  the  following  spring  ;  but,  sown  in  spring  or  the  beeinning  of  summer, 
tliey  generally  remain  a  year  in  the  ground.  The  tulip  tree,  like  the  magnolias, 
faaviQE  roots  furnished  with  but  few  fibres,  doea  not  transplant  readily ;  and, 
thereiore,  tbe  plants  ought  either  to  be  kept  in  pots,  or,  if  in  the  free  ground, 
irsonilatited  in  the  nursery  every  year;  or,  if  neither  uf  these  modes  be  prac- 
ticable, removed  to  their  Snal  situation,  when  not  more  than  two,  or  at  most 
three,  years  old.  The  tree  is.  Eke  the  magnolias,  not  very  patient  of  the  knife, 
other  in  a  young  or  in  an  old  state;  and,  from  the  bitter  qualities  of  the 
n  .3 


38  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

leaven,  it  does  not  seem  to  be  much  attacked  by  insects.  As  tuHp  trees  raised 
fi^om  seed  seldom  flower  before  they  are  twenty  or  thirty  years  old,  it  is  much 
to  be  wished,  that  nurserymen  would  propagate  them  by  grafting  or  inarching 
from  flowering  trees,  in  consequence  of  which  the  plants  would  probably 
flower  the  second  or  third  year. 


Order  IV.     ANONA^CEJE. 

Ord.  Char.  The  distinctive  characteristics  of  this  order  from  that  of  Magno- 
Mhce€B  are :  Anthers  with  an  enlarged  four-cornered  connectivum,  which  is 
sometimes  nectariferous ;  albumen  pierced  by  the  substance  of  the  seed-coat ; 
leaves  without  stipules,  conduphcate  in  the  bud;  properties  aromatic 
—  Trees  or  shrubs  mostly  natives  of  warm  climates 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  ;  distinctly  articulated  with 
the  stem,  entire ;  leaves  and  branches  pubescent  when  young,  the  leaves 
commonly  minutely  punctate,  with  pellucid  dots.  Flowers  axillary.  —  The 
hardy  species,  in  British  gardens,  are  included  in  the  genus  Asimina  Adans., 
formerly  Anona  L.,  and  are  natives  of  North  America. 

Genus  I. 


□ 


1 


i 


ASrMINA  Adans.    The  Asimina.    Lin,  Sjfst.  Polyandria  Polyg^nia. 

Ident^floation.    Adant.  Fam.,  2.  p.  365. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  87. ;  Don**  Mill.,  I.  p.  91. 

Symmyma,  Ann^na  L. ;  Orchidodirpum  Mx. ;  Porcdlue  sp.  Pen,  t  UvArla  Tor.  ^  Graff ;  Custard 
Apple  ;  Aslrolnier,  and  Anone,  Fr.\  FlaKhenbaum,  Ger. 

Derivatiom.  AAmina  i«  Latinised  from  a  word  of  Canadian  origin,  the  meaning  of  which  ic  not 
known.  Orchidocftrpum  was.  It  ii  probable.  Intended  to  express  a  lilieness  between  the  figure  of 
the  firult,  and  that  of  some  species  of  O'rchla.  Porc^'a  is  a  name  given  by  Ruis,  In  honour  of 
Antonio  Parcel,  a  Spanish  promoter  of  botanj.  Andna  Is  a  South  American  word  that  signifies  a 
mess,  or  dish  of  food,  to  be  eaten  with  a  spoon.  Uviirla  Is  ft-om  tiea,  a  gr&pe,  to  which,  howcTer, 
the  trait  has  little  resemblance.  The  German  name,  Flaschenbaum,  foMk  tne,  U  given  fk^om 
the  shape  of  the  fVult. 

Gen.  Char.  Cal^x  3-parted.  Petals  6,  spreading,  ovate-oblong,  inner  ones 
smallest.  Anthers  numerous,  nearly  sessile.  Ovaries  many,  but  for  the 
most  part  onlv  3,  ovate  or  oblong.  Carpels  the  same  number  as  the  ovaries, 
baccate,  sessile.  Seeds  many,  disposed  in  a  single  or  double  row.  (Don^M 
Mill.)  —  Low  trees  or  shrubs,  deciduous,  with  white  or  purplish  flowers, 
and  fruit  about  the  size  of  small  plums.  Rather  tender,  and  difficult  of 
culture.     Only  one  species  is  truly  hardy  in  the  climate  of  London. 

»  I.  A,  tri'loba  Dun.    The  three-lohed'Calyxed  Asimina. 

Iden^fieaHon,    Dun.  Monog. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  I.  p.87. ;  Don*s  Mill.,  1.  p. 91. 

Sifnonymes.  AnnOna  triloba  £».,  and  Mm.  In  Arh. ;  PorodlfVi  triloba  Peri.\  Orcihldodinram  ntetl- 
num  M».  Bar.  Am.  \  UTirla  triloba  Tor.  ^  Gray ;  the  Papaw,  Amer.  \  Aslmlnier  de  Vlrgiiile, 
and  Annone  i  trols  Lobes,  FT. ;  drejlapplger  (three-lobed)  Flaschenbaum,  Ger. 

Engranngi.    Mill.  loon.,  1. 1.  36. ;  Tor.  and  Grajr,  1.  p.  45. ;  Mx.  Arb.,  3.  t.  9. ;  and  oor>l|g.47. 

Spec.  Char.^  Spc.  Leaves  oblong-cuneated,  acuminated,  and,  as  well  as  the 
branches,  smoothish.  Flowers  on  short  peduncles ;  outer  petals  roundish- 
ovate,  four  times  longer  than  the  calyx.  (Don*s  Mill.)  A  low  deciduous 
tree.  Middle,  southern,  and  western  states  of  North  America.  Height 
15 ft.  to  20 ft.  in  North  America;  7ft.  to  10 ft.  in  England.  Introduced 
in  1736.  Flowers  dark  purple  and  yellow.  Fruit  yellowish,  esculent ; 
ripe  in  August  in  America,  rarely  seen  in  England.  Decaying  leaves  rich 
yellowish  brown.     Naked  young  wood  dark  brown. 

A  small  tree,  densely  clothed  with  long  leaves,  lying  over  one  another  iu 
such  a  manner  as  to  give  a  peculiarly  imbricated  appearance  to  the  entire 
plant.    The  flowers  are  campanulate  and  drooping,  and  appear  before  the 


IT.  AKONACEJB.      V.   ! 

Ibto  ;  the  outer  petal*  ar«  purple,  and  vary  in  colour  in  dtfftrent  plants ;  i 
HOC  boag  yerj  dark,  and  ia  othen  ligbt,  inclining  to  yellov.    All  parts  < 
Ac  tree  haye  a  rank,  if  not  a  fetid,  amell  i 
•od  the  Trait  ix  retithed  bv  few  persons  ex- 
cept the  Heroes,  who  call  it  papaw.     The 
fm  i^wni  in  Atnerica  in  the  bt^inniog  of 
Augost,  and  i*  about  3  in.  long  and  It  in.  ' 
liiick,  onl,  irre^lar,  and  swelling  into  in-  • 
eqnlities.    In  Briti-th  prdens,  the  pUnt  ix 
tlwin  railed  from  American  seeds  ;  and,  to 
tbrive,  it  requires  to  be  planted  in  sandy  peat 
or  deep  nnd,  and  ktpt  moist.     In  England 
it  maj  be  connidered  as  a  curious,  tJow^grow- 
iog,  deddoouE  thriib,  or  low  tree,  well  de- 
■ening  s  place  in  gsrden«,  but  which  ought 
slwiji  to  be  isokted,  add  at  some  distance 
IniiB  ra(Hd-gro»ing    plants-      Relatively  to 

grostfa.  it  may  beplnced  nearlXrcapaJCiittTis,  ,,.   iniii.iimiiiii 

Mme  d  the  daphnea,  or  lllicium. 

01^  Speda  of  Asimins.  —  A.  parviftora  and  A.  gravdifliira  are  Nort 
AmerioD  ihrab«,  aeldom  growing  higher  m  their  native  habitats  than  1  fi.  t 
I  ft,  and  rather  too  tender  for  the  climate  of  London. 


Order  V.     MENISPERMACE.*:. 

OlD.  Cbam.  fJoiom  unisexueJ.  SepaU  and  petnii  siniilar.  Slamtru  mona- 
<k^il>oiis,  or  rarely  free.  Ovariei  somewha  connected  at  the  base  ;  with 
me  or  manj  ttj/fet ;  many-celled.  Frail,  in  most,  baccate  or  drupaceous, 
ooe-seedHl  or  many-seeded,  oblique  or  lunulate,  compressed,  with  the  imU 
of  ihe  same  form.  Embryo  curved  or  peripheric.  Albumen  none,  or  very 
faring  and  fleshy.  (Don'i  MMt.) — Climbing  or  twining  flexible  shrubs, 
•■rives  ofKonh  Araericaand  Asia. 

Lemtt  simple,  alternate,  eixtipulale,  deciduous  ;  stalked,  uhubIIv  cordate 
or  pdcate,  palmately  vdoed,  and  always  with  the  middle  nerve  terminating 
in  an  awn  OT  poinL  I'louieTi  in  axillary  racemes  in  most  species,  small. 
—  The  jpedes  in  British  gardens  are  included  in  the  genera  Menisp^rmum 
sad  Oitculus,  which  are  tnus  contradistinguished  :  — 

S'diisfe'biivm  L.  Sepals  and  petals  quaternary.  Male  flowers  with  \i— 
iO  stamens. 

Ca'ccui.(]s  Bauk.     Sepals  and  petals  ternary.     Male  flowers  with  6  Hlamcna. 


m 


Cn.  Qtttr.  Sepah  and  pclaii  disposed  in  a  quaternary  order,  in  two  or  three 
•eties.  Male  fitmert  with  16  to  20  Htamens  ;  female  fiuwert  with  8  to  4 
"anea.  Dntpe  baccate,  roundiah-kidney-shaped,  !-sceded.  —  Climbing 
■Ivub*  nuiTea  of  North  America  and  Dauria. 


40 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


Leavet  simple,  alternate,  peltate  or  cordate," entire,  smooth.  Pedunciei 
axillary,  or  supra-axillary.  Male  and  female  peduncles  rather  dissimilar. 
Flowers  small,  greenish  white.  —  The  species  are  all  of  the  easiest  culture  in 
common  soil,  and  are  propagated  by  dividing  the- root,  or  by  cuttings. 


^  1.  M.  canade'nsb.     The  Canadian  Moonseed. 


IdentiftaUkm. 


Lin.  Sp. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  103. ;  Dod*s  Mill.,  1.  p.  119. ;  Tor.  and  Grav,  1.  p.  48. 
SffnonifmeM.    M.  canadense  var.  •  Lamarck  \  M.  angulitum  Moenek ;  M£nlsperme  du  Canada, 

Jard. ;  Canadlscher  MondMuroe,  Ger. 
Engravingt.    Schkuhr.  H.,  3.  t.  337. ;  Lam.  Diet.,  t.  824. ;  and  oaxjig.  48. 

Spec,  Char.y  ^c.     Leaves  peltate,  srooothish,  somewhat  cordate,  roundish- 
angular  ;  angles  bluntish,  terminal  one  abruptly  awned,  mucronate.     Ra- 
cemes solitary,  compound.  Petals  8.  (Don*s  Mili,)    A 
deciduous,  suffhiticose,  long,  slender  twiner.  Canamt  to 
Carolina.     Height  8  ft.  to  12ft.      Introduced  in  1713. 
r^-^^'^*w^   'W^    Flowers  small,  greenish  yellow  ;  June  and  July.     Berry 
( '^v^^^a^L.  /^    black;  ripe  in  Septemoer.      Decaying  leaves  greenish 

brown. 


49.    Mcniflptrmnm 

«mU&dnun. 


Varieties. 

A  M,  c,  2  lobaium  Dec.  M. 
virglnicum  L,    (Dill. 
Elth.,t.  178.fig.219.) 
^  — Thisvanety  is  dis- 

tinguished by  the  angles  of  the  leaves  being 
acutish,  and  the  flowers  of  a  greenish  white. 
S  M.  c,  3  ^rmlddnum,  M.  imil&cinum  Dec, 
(Jac.  Icon.,  t.  269.;  and  our  Jig,  49.)  — 
Leaves  smoother,  and  racemes  more  simple 
than  in  the  species. 

Roots  thick  and  woody,  with  numerous  very  slender  shoots,  which,  though 
somewhat  ligneous,  never  attain  any  considerable  diameter,  and  are  not  of 
many  years'  duration.  The  stem  twines  in  a  direction  contrary  to  the  sitn^s 
apparent  motion,  and  is  smooth  and  even, 
having  more  the  appearance  of  a  herbaceous 
plant,  than  of  a  shrub. 

^  2.  Mbnispe'rhum  dau^ricum  Dec. 
The  Daurian  Moonseed. 

Jdentifieaikm.    Dec.  Prod.,  1 .  p.  lOS.;  Don's  Mill.,  1 .  p.  112. 
SifnoHifnua.  Trllophiu  AmpelUigria  Fisoh. ;  M.  canad^nse 

rar.  $  Lam. 
Engravfngs.    Deleu.  Icon.,  1. 1. 100. ;  and  our  flg.  50. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Leaves  peltate,  smooth,  cor- 
date, angular;  angles  acute,  terminal  one 
acuminated  hardly  mucronate.  Racemes  in 
pairs,  capitulate.  (Don*s  Mill.)  A  twining, 
deciduous,  suffruticose  shrub.  Dauria,  on 
rocky  hills,  near  the  river  Chilca.  Height 
5  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1818.  Flowers 
yellowish ;  June  and  July.  Berries  black  ; 
ripe  in  September. 

Resembles  the  preceding  species,  and  probably  only  a  variety  of  it. 

Genus  II. 


50.    Mntltpinnum  dikiieum. 


s 


J  C(yCCULUS  Bauh.    The  Cocculus.    Lin.  Syst.  Dice'cia  Hex&ndria. 

ideniifieatiom.    Baoh.  Pin.,  Sll. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  I.  p. 96.  {  Don'i  Mill.,  1.  p.  104. 


T.   MENISPERUa'cE^.      VI.   berbebJ'ce£. 

&.] 

Gt*.  dor.  Sepalt  aod  pela}i  dupofied  in  a  ternary  order,  in  8,  very  rarely  in 
3,  series.  Maie  jtouieTt  with  6  free  stamens  opposite  the  petals  ;  female  ones 
with  3  or  6  caipels,  Drupet  baccate,  1  to  6,  usually  obliquely  reniform, 
HHDewhat  OattcDed,  1-seeded.     Caiyledmu  distaut.  (Don't  Miit.) 

Leatet  limple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  ;  cordate  or  ovate,  entire 
or  tobed.  Fhwen  iiiibII.  —  The  only  hardy  species  b  C.  carollnus,  a  native 
of  Carolina,  of  the  saiue  culture  as  Meniqiermum, 

Dec.    The  Carolina  Cocculiis. 


.*   I.    CO'CCULDS  CiBOLl' 

us  Dm 

Wr^rHTin.    Da-Pnid.,  1.  p.se.;'Diin' 

Mni..i, 

W«dl. 

Spn.Oar^  4^,    Leaves  cordate  o 

ovate. 

cadre,  obtuse,  aod  somewhat  3-lobed ; 
under  stiriace  velvety  pubescent.     Male 
ncemes  flortrax>us  from  the  bate,  female 
(HMs  3-Bawered.  (Don't  MUt.)  A  twin- 
ing deciduous,  a  uffiuticoee  shrub.  North 
Csrotioa  aod  Georgia.     Height  6  ft.  to 
10ft.    Introduced   in   1.759.      Flowem 
unal^  greenish  ;  Juue  and  July.     Fruit 
red ;   ripe    in    September.       Decaying 
leares  ydlovrish  or  brownish. 
leaves  extremely  variable  in  form,  2in, 
to  4  in.   loDg,   often    quite    entire,    but 
usnlly  with  several  sinuated,  obtuse  lobes. 
Aape  red,  ai  large  aa  a  saudl  pea. 


Order  VI.     BERBERA'CEM. 

Ord.  Char.  SepaU  usually  8,  in  two  whorls,  deciduous,  and  furnished  with 
petal-like  scales  on  the  outside.  The  petali  are  equal  in  number  with  the 
sepals,  and  the  tlamtM  equal  in  number  with  the  petals,  and  opposite  to 
them.  Hie  atUAert  "  open  by  refleied  valves ;  that  is  to  say,  the  face  of 
each  cdl  of  the  anther  peels  off  except  at  the  point,  where  it  adheres  as  if 
n  were  hinged  there  )'  astructure  so  remarkable,  Dr.  Lindley  observes,  as  to 
he  "found  m  no  European  plants  exeqjt  Berberacea  and  the  laurel  tribe." 
(Pemg  Cyc.,  vol.  iv.  p.  858.)  —  Bushy  shrubs,  which  throw  up  numerous 
soEken  j  natives  of  the  temperate  cUmates  of  Europe,  Ada,  and  North 
America. 

Leaver  simple  or  compound,  alternate,  generally  enstipulate,  deciduous 
or  persistent  J  »hoots  generallv  fiimished  with  prickles;  the  sap,  and  the 
cotour  of  the  leaves  and  hart,  more  or  less  yellow.  Flowrri  generally 
.^llow.  —  The  genera  contabiing  species  hardy  in  British  gardens  are  two 
Berberii  and  Hahoniii,  which  are  thus  contradistiDguished  : ' 

B^itBEura  L.  Petals  with  2  glands  on  the  inside  of  each.  Stamens  tooth- 
WM-     Leaves  undivided. 

Kino^nu  Nutt.  Petals  without  glands.  Stamens  furnished  with  a  tooth  on 
each  side.     Leaves  pmnate. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANMICUM. 


WD 


SE'RBERIS  L.  The  BsBnsBRy.    Lm.  SytL  Hexindria  Monog^nin. 

..    Lfn.  G«i..  M1.1  D«.  Prod..  l.p,IW  1  Don'i  M1U„  I.  p.  IK. 

Plpnriilac  Buih )  B'pliia  itiwtw,  fr. ;  BHbtHUa.  Gtr. 

BeriiTffU  tha  AnMc  word  lutd  Cor  thli  Bbnt  Iqr  Anrrbrx*  ud  oUirr  wrilan  « 

but  »niv  pvTHd*  dBriva  t]»  mma  frtn  Ihfl  Omi  word  terArri.  itfnliyinf  ■  AhdL^  fmn 
MS  i«T«  of  lb*  GObiiiHjn  >pedH  bi*lBf  «  hollow  »iirtic«-  Boduit  U3rt  that  cha  won]  AA^nYj  Ij 
dcTlied  from  Uw  Phnnldu  word  iarar,  vMcli  •IgntftH  italBiDi  Uka  a  ibrll.  froni  Aelr  ibliiliii 

planl  bi  Aiicciui.  Du  Himal  H)ntlut  Wrkra  li  darlitd  Iroman  Imllui  wordil«Bl1fliii  mother 
of  prarl.  Plppcridie  biuh,  or  i>l|)n«e  tree.  Ganrd  u]n,  ti  Dr.  Tumar'I  mum  (hr  tbg  piini.  and 
U  li  MlU  fl*m  to  liln  CmnibridjiHbln.    K'plito  vLnetla  tlgntflv  the  add,  or  wrral.  IborA,  frook 

6'ni.  CAar.  Sepaii  6,  guarded  on  die  outside  by  3  scales.  Prtali  6.  with  2 
glands  on  the  inaide  of  earh.  SUtmetu  loothleM.  Serria  2 — 3-B«eded. 
Seedi  2,  rarely  3,  laterally  inserted  at  the  base  of  the  berries,  erect,  oblonz, 
wiih  a  crustuceous  coat  and  fleahy  albmneii.  Colyledora  leafy,  elliptkaX 
Jfivficfr  long,  capttellateat  the  tip.  (Don'i  MUi.)  B.beteropbjukjiut.  baa 
toothed  stamens. 

ifCatwi  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduoua  or  evergreen;  toothed 
or  serrated,  coriaceous,  with  numerous  small  leaves  nroduced  at  the  nxils 
of  the  larger  ones,  often  abortive  in  the  form  of  prickles.  Flouxri  yellow. 
Fhdl  red,  io  some  kinds  black,  purple  or  white  in  others. —  Shrubs  native* 
of  Europe,  North  America,  and  Asia  ;  cbaracierised  in  a  general  view  bjr 
bting  crowded  with  suckers,  and  having  axillary  tults  of  leaves  and  spines. 
The  species  are  all  readily  propagated  by  seeds  which  most  of  them  ripen 

in  England  ;  aod  also  by  side  suckers  and  root  suckers,  which  almost  all  of 

them  throw  up  in  abundance. 

A.  Leavei  thin,  deeidiiout.     Ftomert  lolUaiy. 

M  I.  B.  sibi'kica  PaU.     The  Siberian  Berberry. 

Md..  l.|i.i<IS.i  DoD'i  Mill.,  I.  p.  JIM  Fea.Cjt:^ 

■ta,  ft-. 
Jig.  Bt.  tftat  Hirna,  ud 

^>ec.  Char.,  ifC.  Spines 
3 — 7-parted.  Leaves 
lonceolate-obovate,  ci- 
liatelv  aernited.  Pe- 
duncles 1 -flowered, 
shorter  than  theleaves. 


Siberia,  on  hills  and 
the  lower  mountains. 
Height  Sft. 
Introduced 
Flowers  yellow;  May 
and  June.  Berry  red ; 
ripe  in  September. 


lower  mouniBins.  ^i^^ 
ght  2ft.  to  3ft.  F^ 
oduced  in  1790.  VJ| 
irers  yellow;  May     ^l* 


ihm,  natlhf  decidumu.  Flotneri  m  Racema. 
tuloa'ris  L.     The  common  Berberry, 

i  Dk.  Prod..  I.  p.  IW.  i  Don'.  Mill..  1.  p.  IIS. 
Sfiw*r^iv*-    ^.  ■HDtnm  l^rU ;    B.  microcirpa  of  ■oae  i  PlppvH^  Troa,  Dr.  iWi 

Tliirtle,  FT.  ^HTiHliia  " 

btroWw.    Bno.  Hot, 


•KSc.Sf.: 


In  fruit,  1 1 


la,  lad  tf  Bfruilotlhil 


VI.    BERBER^' CEjS  :   Bt^RBERIS.  43 

^ee.  Oar^  ^c.  Spines  3-parted.  Leaves  EOinewbat 
oborate,  cilUtel}  aerrsted.  Riicuaies  muny-ftowered, 
jieoddous.  Petals  enlire.  (Don't  MiU.)  A  spread- 
ing, maoj-slemmcd,  deciduous  shrub.  Europe,  and 
Bntain  in  hedgea  and  coiwes,  and  naturnlised  in  many 

Cof  Asia  and  America.  Height  6fl.  to  lOfi. 
ers  fellow ;  Ma;  and  June.  Berries  red  ;  ripe 
in  September,  Decaying  leaves  reddish  yellow. 
Naked  wood  vellowish  white. 

ft  B.  e.  S  liOea.  —  Fruit  yellow,  sometimes  atone- 

•  B,  p.  3  ofta^-FruJt  white.  ' 

•  B.  f .  4  liolaxa.  —  Fruit  violaceous 

a  B.  e.  5  pvrparea.   B.  innominata  Knlm.  —  Fruit 
purple;  leaves  narrow,  hnrdlv  ciliated. 

■  B.  p.  6  Mgra.  —  Fruit  black ;  feaves  oblon<:.  ci- 

liately  serrated,  serroturea  few.  The  fruit  of 
thix  plant  is  aaid  by  Toumefbrt,  who  found 
it  on  tbe  bank*  of  the  Euphrutea.  to  be  of 
delidoua  flavour. 

■  6.  r.  7  duidi. — Fruit  red,  aomewhat  less  acid 

tbiii  tliat  of  thccomtnoa  berberry.   Leaves  of       „    hmmit^jiuu. 
a  bright   shining  green.    Native  of  Austria, 

where  it  was  Grst  coaaidered  to  be  a  distinct  species,  till  the  fruit 
of  plants  raised  from  its  teed  was  found  to  be  us  acid  as  that  of 
the  common  berberry.  It  is  now,  however,  propagated  by  laj  ers  ; 
the  leaves  and  fruit  are  considerably  larger  than  thoiie  of  the  species, 
and  the  fruit  is  found  perfectly  sweet  and  agreeable  to  eat.  In 
ibort,  this  variety  is  to  the  common  berberry,  what  the  apple  ia  to 

■  S.  t>.  8  atpenaa,    Tlie  teedUti  Berherry.  —  Fruit  destitute  of  seeds. 

HiUer,  aod  also  Du  Hamel,  both  say  that  suckers  taken  from  this 
variety  commonly  produce  fruit  with  seeds;  that,  as  ihe  tree  grows 
oldo-,  the  seeds  become  fewer,  and  that  it  is  the  age  of  the  [ilant 
that  at  last  can«es  the  fruit  to  be  seedless ;  in  that  case  this  plant 
must  be  considered  more  a  variation  than  a  variety.  B.  v.  aeperma 
is  Bwd  by  Du  Hamel  to  produce  the  best  fruit  for  preserving;  and 
it  is  from  it  that  the  delicious  Confituret  (TE'pine  vineltc,  for  which 
Rouen  is  so  celebrated,  are  made.  (AWc.  Dak.,  iv.  p.  Vi.) 

•  B.  v.  9  Lm/iijotia  Booth.  —  Leaves  longer  than  tbose  of  the  species. 

•  B.  V.  \li glauca.     B.  glafica  Booth. —  Leaves  glaucous.    Mr.  Gordon 

considers  this  plant  as  related  to  B.  sibirica ;  but,  as  it  has  not  yet 
flowered  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden  this  point  cannot  be 
determined.   (See  Gatd.  Mag.,  vol.  xvi.  p.  8.) 
a  fi.  t>.  11  laitU,  —  Shoots  without  spinet.     Leaves  glaucous,  rather 

ft  B.  V.  IS  provincial  Schrad.  —  Young  shoots  brown.   Leave*  and  fruit 
as  ia  the  common  berberry. 
All  these  varieties  are  in  the  London  Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 
(Mer   Vanctiei.      In  the  Horticultural   Sodety's  Garden  a  number  of 
■U^ed  species  of  berberries  have  been  raised  from  seed,  which  have  all 
proved  varietiea  of  B.  vulgaris,  and  most  of  theni  so  slight,  as  to  be  scarcely 
■orth  keeping  diatiact.    (See  Gard.  Mag.,  vol.  xvi.  p.  2.) 
He  cooiiDoo  berberry  will  live  for  two  ot  three  centuries,  without  increasing 
oDcb  b   size.     The  wood  is  hard   and  brittle,  of  a  yellow  colour,  and  but 
'inlt  used  except  for  dyeing.     The  rate  of  growth,  when  the  plant  ia  young, 
i>  npid ;  bimI,  in  consequence,  in  live  or  six  years  it  will  attain  the  bd^t  of 


44  ARBORETUM    £T   TBUTICETUM    BRITAMWICUM. 

7  or  8  feet  i  but  it  grows  slowly  afterwards,  unless  the  suckers  are  removeJ 
from  it  as  they  are  produced.  It  is  seldom  seen  above  10  k.  high  ;  but  there 
are  exaifiples  of  trees  of  it  30  ft.  high,  probably  of  30  years'  ftrowtb.  The 
inner  burk,  both  of  the  steins  and  roots,  affords  a  yellow  dye.  The  leaTcs  are 
agreeably  acid,  end,  according  to  Gerard,  were  used  in  his  time  "  to  seasoD 
meat  with,  and  bslead  of  a  salad,  like  sorrel."  The  berries  are  so  acid,  that 
birds  seldom  touch  them.  They  are  not  eaten  raw,  but  are  excellent  when 
preserved  with  sugar  in  syrup,  or  candied.  They  are  also  made  into  jelly  and 
rob,  both  of  which  are  not  only  delicious  to  the  taste,  but  extremely  whole- 
some ;  and  they  are  pickled  in  vinegar,  when  green,  as  a  substitute  for  capers. 
The  plant  is  cultivated  iu  gardens  as  a  fruit  tree  or  fruit  shrub  ;  aod  the 
variety,  or  rather  variation,  in  which  the  seeds  are  said  to  be  wanting,  and 
that  iu  which  the  fruit  is  sweet,  ere  recommended  in  preference.  The  plant 
makes  an  excellent  hedge  ;  but  there  exists  a  pr^udice  against  it  among  agri- 
culturists, from  ita  supposed  influence  in  producing  blight,  or  mildew,  on  the 
com  adjoining  it.  This  opinion  is  of  unknown  antiquity;  but  it  is  now  ge- 
nerally considered  to  be  an  erroneous  prejudice. 

■  3.  B.  (v.)  bmarginaVa  IVUid.     The  emtagfaaxe-pelaltd  Berberry. 

Untlj/lcaHim.    Wllld,  Enimi^  1.  p.  39B.  i  D«.  PrDd,,  I.  p.  IDS.  i  Don'!  MIU,  I.  p.  US. 

lines  3-parted.  Leaves  lanceolate-obovale,  cillately  serrated. 
Racemes  scarcely  pendulous,  ^ihorter 
than  the  leaves ;  petals  einarginate. 
(Don't  Mill.)  A 
deciduous  shrub. 
Siberia.  Height 
5  ft.  to  7  ft,  Intro-'l 
duced  in 
Flowers  yello'  , 
May  and  June,  t'i 
Benies  red;  i' 
in  September.  ] 
caying  leaves  y 
low.  Nak<  ' 
wood  whi 
low. 

Closely  resembling  ^.  vulgilriB,  of 
which  it  is,  doubtless,  only  a  variety ;  but  it  is  one  half  smaller  in  all  its  parts, 
and  has  the  petals  emargiiiate,  and  the  leaves  decidedly  glaucous. 

ji  4.   B.  (v.)  crb'tica  L.     The  Cretan  Berberry. 

liltMOIcalltft,  Lin.  3p.^7t.l 


Spfc.ChaT.,lfe.  Spines 
3 — 5-parted.  Leaves 
oval-oblong,  entire, ' 
or  somewhat  serrat-^ 
ed.  Racemes  3 — B- 
flowrd.,  rather  short- 
er  than  the   leaves. 


Tl.   BERBERA^CE^  :    BEfRBERIS.  45 

(Dm'i  JMU.)     a  dedJuoua  ahrub,  crowded  with  shooti.   CreU^   Candia, 
and,  perhwis,  Japan.     HeiEht  3fl.  to  ift.     Introduced  in  1759.    Plowirs 
jidlow  :  May  and  June.     Berries  ovate,   black ;   ripe  in  September.     De- 
caying leates  whitish  jellow.     Naked  youiig  wood  aW>  whitish. 
Tlie  leaves  ve  produciMl  without  any  obvious  order ;  tlicy  are  small,  and  in 
their  diape  the;  resemble  those  oF  Che  narrow-  leaved  variety  of  the  (-ommon 
box.     The  berricK  are  ovate,  bUck,  2-seeded,  more  astringent  than  acid; 
•tigna  oo  a  very  abort  style. 

•  5.  B.  (t.)  Cbata'oina  Dec.     The  Crati^u»-like  Berberry. 


Spre.  (^ar^  ^c.  ^ines  simple. 
Leaves  oblong,  reticulated, 
hardly    Eerrateid.      Racemes 

nuny-doweted,  crowded, 

^ir^tdine,     scarcelj     longer 

tiun  the Teavea.  (Don't  Mill.) 

A  dedduous  glaucous-leaved 

ihmb.    Asia  Minor.    H«ght 

♦  ft.  to  8  ft.      Introduced  in 

ISS3L    Fbwers  yellow ;  May  j 

and  June.    Bemes  red ;  ripe 

in  September. 

Disdngntsbed  from  all  the 
othCT  species,  by  the  leaves  being 
In^  flacdd,  eatirely  Glaucous, 

Mwliitish.Yoai^  shoots  brown.  «■  t/-tiTUr,ti-*Bx.iMiif. 

A  pknt  bearing  this  name  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden  is  5  ft. 
bign,  with  the  tetrea  much  longer  than  those  of  B.  vulg^is  ;  serrated,  as  in 
tot  ^ledes,  and   decidedly  gluicous.      In  other   respects  we  can   see  no 


•  6.  B.  ibb'rici  Slev.     The  Iberian  Berberry. 

, Don't  Mm,l.|l.llis«'>J'l~fl    T-n    f^"    '   "   «i 

tpiUTi.    Snil«jUfi?>.  Ib«rt<sit< 
/■yMgj.    ami.  Brit,  t.  M.,  u  B. 

Spn.  Okar^  rjc.      S 
oblong,  quite  ennre.      nAcemes  many'irowereo  -,  petals  enure. 
(Ihiii  Afiil.)     A  deciduous  shrub.      Iberia.     Height  3  ft.  to  ' 
oft.    lulroduced  in  1790.      Flowers  yellow;    May  and  June. 
Berries  dark  purple;  ripe  in  September.     Decaying  leaven  ;cl- 
lowl-Ji  red-     Naked  young  wood  reddish  jelloi 
ReaiHy  disrioguished  from  the  common  berberry  by  its  smaller  T 
md  sEDoother  l^vcs,  itaredshootB,and  its  almost  upright  racemes ;  ^g^.^,,,^ 
and  from  B.  sinensis  by  the  leaves  being  comparatively  entire. 

*  7.  3.  CAKADE'iista  Afia.     The  Canadian  Berberry. 

H^iiM.    S.  ViU^/t«  Mr.  n.  Bor.  AmiT,  I.  p.  JM.;  B.  lulglrll  ra.  cuad^nili  Hur^n'i 

Mtfimtiti.  'tliriMAIiWliL,t.a.(>Ddourj1(.61.iftcrtliuiD[bi>r. 

Spec  Clur.,^c.  Brtucbes  verrucose,  dotted,  with.ahort  triple  spines ;  leaves 
ipttolBte,  oUoiw,  remotely  serrate,  with  somewhat  bristly  teeth  ;  racemei 
ntixorymbose,  few-flowered  ;  petals  onar^nate  (  berries  sub^lobose,  or 
onL  (Tor,  and  Grm/,)  A  deculuousshrub.  Canada  to  Georgia,  Height 
th.   to   3ft.,  in  England  aft.      Introduced  in  17SE).      Flowers  yellow; 


40  ARBORETUM    ET    FKOT[CETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

May  and  June.     Berries  red  ;  ripe  in   September.      De- 

caiing  leaven  yellowish  green  and  reddish.     Naked  young 

wood  whitish  yellow. 

Leaves  much  smaller  and  narrower  than  in  B.  vuIgiiriK, 
attenuate  at  tiie  base,  but  nearly  sessile;  the  margins  serru- 
late, with  6-S  distant,  ullcn  inconspicuous,  mucronate  teeth. 
Kiiccine  S-S-ftowcred,  nodding ;  flowers  smaller  than  in  B. 
vulgaris  (  fruit  smaller  and  much  shorter.  Stem  and  roots 
yellow ;  the  famier  rarely  exceeding  3  h.  in  height  Found 
in  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  Virginia  and  Carolina,  Tenesaee, 
and  Geonna.  (Tor.  and  Gray.}  Introduced  into  England  in 
1759,  but  probably  loitt,  as  we  have  seen  no  plant  answering  «i.  ■, 
this  description  in  British  gardens. 

*  8.  B.  sine'nsis  Diif.    The  Chinese  Berberry. 

Uemtifccliai-    Deit.  Caul.  Hon.  P..  LM.i 
Dec.  Prod.,  l.p.lu*.:  Don'i  MILL,  1.  p.  IIA. 

Snmmhitt.    OurAi.  Hi.  »l"l  S.  ftom  a  ipe- 

dn«n  In  the  Hon.  Sot.  Garden. 
Sprc.  Char.,  4c.     Spines  S-parted. 

Leaves  oblong,  obtuse,  entire,  or 

the  lower  ones  a  little  toothed. 

Racemes  many-flowered,  nodding. 

(Dm'i  Mia.)    A  deciduous  shrub  . 

with     slender    shoots.       China.  ^ 

Height  3ft.  to  5ft.      Introduced 

in   1800.     Flowers  yellow  ;  May 

and  June.  Berries  oval,  dark  red  ; 

ripe     in     September.        Leaves 

smooth,  sharply  serrated.  Decay- 
ing leaves  of  aSnevellowish  red. 

Naked  young  woo<I  reddish  yel- 

The  plant  at  the  Horticultural 
Society's  Garden,  and  at  Messrs. 
Iioddiges's,  has  smooth  leaves,  red 
■hoots,  end  closely  resembles  BMerii 


Tl.  BERBEnACE^  :   SSfBBEfilS.  47 

C  Leava  leaAery,  ei>trgrven,  or  ttA-nergreen.    Flmoen  toBlary,  or  n  CVui/n-*. 
•  9.  B.  du'lcii  D.  Don.     The  sweO-fruiled  Berberrj, 


^.  Oiar.,  4v.  Spines  long,  ilender,  simple,  or  3- 
puted.  Letiet  oborate  obtuse,  with  or  without  a 
bristlj  point,  quite  entire,  glaucoiu  on  the  under  side. 
Flovi:rs  solitary,  on  slender  stalks,  twice  as  long  as 
tlie  leaven.  (Lmdl-,  Pen.  Cyc.,)  An  evergreen  shnib, 
wiih  shining  leares.  Stnits  of  Magellan  to  Valdiria. 
He^t  gft.  to5lt.  Introduced  in  1B30.  Flowers 
jeliow ;  Btarcb  to  June.  Berries  round,  black,  about 
dK  siie  of  a  black  currsiit ;  ripe  in  August.  Decay- 
ing leaves  bright  jellow ;  dropping  in  May  and  June. 
An  dt^uit  erergreen  bush,  which,  in  tome  places,  has 

atCuiKd  the  height  or  5  ft.  The  flowera  are  large,  of 


e  down  in  a  Terj  gracefiil  ntanner.     In  its  native  country,  the  fruit 

'    '" "    T»  we  use  gooseberries,  for  making  pics  and  tii 

is  most  excellent.  It  is  quite  hardy  and  evergrci 

k  Lam.     Hie  Box-leared  Berberry. 

UiajfiMlkm.    Lai.ltL,t.«(.*t.l.;DDIi'llnU.,l.p.llT. 
fVinV-    Ln.  lU.  I.Ha.flg.l.ilDd0Qrj^.6». 

^m.  Char^  ^c.  Spines  3-parted.  Leaves  orate,  or  ovate- 

lanceolste,  smooth,  quite  entire.    Pedicels  longer  than 

the  leaves,  dtbcr  solitary,  1-dowered,  or  in  threes, 

risi^  &om  a  short  peduncle.   (JDon'i  Miil.)     A  small 

IvBted  nib-eTergrcen    ahrub.      Native  of^the  Struts 

of  Median.       Height   8  ft.    to  3  ft.      Introduced  ?. 

Flowers  ydlow.     December  to  Harcb.    Berries  blu- 

iib  purple,  4-seeded. 

Gsid  to  be  nearly  allied  to  3.  d(i1cis.    A  very  valuable 
aldidon  to  oar  hanly  evergreens ;  [hough,  at  present,  ret 


■  IOl  B-BUXtWO"!. 


M  11.  B.t 


A  Mart. 


in  British  gardcDS. 
The  rsy-apined  Berberry, 


^.Ckar.,^e.       Spines   palmate,  3 — 5 

divisions.     Leaves  ovate  elliptic,  r'  ' " 

roriacFauB,   toothed,  mucronate. 

dnocles   4 — 5,  sub-uml>ellBte,   shorter  i 

ihsa  the  leaves.     An  evergreen  shrub,   i 

with  niimerotia  spreading  branches,  and  ji 

lo«g  white  spines,  generally  in  threes,  j 

but  tomctunea  more  numerous.    Straits   ^ 

of  H^etlan.     Height  3  ft.  to  1  ft.    In- 
troduced ?  1930.   Flowers  deep  yellow, 

a  little   larger  than  those  of  B.  vul- 

|aria;  May  and  June.     Fruit?. 

A  very  desiruble  species,  nearly  allied 
to  B.  heterophylla.  Our  engniving  is  of 
3  ^tecimen  talien  from  a  verv  handsome 

plaart  in  the  rich  collection  of  evergreens  **•  ■**•*  iciiiuciak.. 

a  Etvaston  Castle.     Dr.  Hooker  mentions  s  variety  with  smaller  leaves  tlias 
tlcspeciea,  but  it  does  not  appear  to  be  iniruduceil.     Quite  hardy. 


48 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM, 


jtt  12.  B,  HETRROPHY^LLA  Jut.    The  vaTious-leaved  Berberry. 

IdaUifictOian,    Ju$s.  In  Poir.  Diet.,  8.  p.  629.  \  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  106. ;  Don*! 

Mill..  I.  p.  117.;  Lfndl.,  Pen.  Cyc,  4.  p.  261. 
Svnonymes.    B.  fUcifMia  Foni. ;  B.  triscupidkU  Stmitk. 
£ngravingt.    Hook.  Exot.  FL,  1 . 1. 14. ;  and  owflg.  67. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c.  Spines  3-parted.  Leaves  ovate-lanceolate, 
glabrous,  some  of  theih  entire,  others  furnished  with  3 
pungent  teeth.  Pedicels  solitary,  1-flowered,  hardly  longer 
than  the  leaves.  Filaments  toothed.  (Don*t  Afdl,)  An 
evergreen  shnib.  Straits  of  Magellan^  Heii;ht  3  ft.  to 
4  ft.  Introduced  in  1823.  Flowers  orange  yellow ;  May 
and  June.  Berries  red  ;  ripe  in  September.  Decaying 
leaves  greenish  yellow ;  June  and  July. 

Much  branched,  and  the  older  branches  covered  with  dnrk 
wrinkled  bark.  The  leaves  clustered,  and  of  two  kinds ;  the 
old  ones  terminated  with  a  sharp  spinose  point,  and  having 
a  lateral  spinule  on  each  side  above  the  middle,  and  the  ^rB.h«tcn>|ii)yiii_ 
younger  ones  being  pale  green,  unarmed,  and  having  their 
margins  entire  and  softish.  The  old  leaves  are  also  quite  rigid,  dark  green, 
and  shining. 

ji  13.  B.  fMpETRiFoYiA  Lom,    The  Empetrum- leaved  Berberr3\ 

Jdentifleation,    Lam.  111.,  t.  VA. ;  Dae.  Prod.  J .  p.  107.;  Don's  Mill.,  1.  p.  1 17. ;  Pen.  Cyc.,  4.  p.  Sfil . 
Engravingi.    Lam.  111.,  t.863.  fig.4.;  Sw.Brlt.Fl.-Gar.,  2.  i.  t.  350.;  and  oar>^.68.     ^ 

Spec,  Char.,  Spc.  Spines  3-parted.  Leaves  linear,  quite  entire, 
with  revolute  margins.  Pedicels  1 — 2,  1-flowered.  (Dun*s 
MUL)  An  elegant,  decumbent,  evergreen  bush.  Cordilleras 
of  Chili  in  subalpine  woods.  Height  1  ft.  to  2  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1830.  Flowers  yellow ;  December  to  March.  Ber- 
ries ?  yellow  ;  ripe  in  July.     Wood  reddish  brown. 

Branches  slender,  twiggy,  angular,  covered  with  a  chestnut- 
coloured  bark.  Leaves  fasciculate,  linear,  mucronate,  revolute, 
and  entire  at  the  margins,  glaucous ;  about  half  an  inch  long, 
and  nearly  a  line  in  breadth.  Flowers  large,  spreading.  A 
very  curious  and  pretty  plant,  in  general  aspect  much  more  like 
a  heath  than  a  berberry.  It  is  perfectly  nardy,  and  deserves  *  *•  "»i'««rtftiifc 
a  place  in  every  collection.     It  is  readily  increased  by  layers,  in  heath  soil. 

D.  Leaves  leathery ,  evergreen  or  tub^evergreen.     Flowers 

in  Racenies. 

A  14.  B,  DEALBA^TA  LitidL    The  whitened-Z^mp^a 

Berberry. 

Idemtifleatiom.    Hot.  Res.,  1. 1750. ;  Pen.  Cjrc,  4.  p.  261. 

SMMmymtf.    B.  glatica  Hort. 

Sngraniugs.    Bot  Reg.,  t  17S0. ;  and  oar  Jig.  69. 

Spec,  Char,,  Sfc,  Spines  scarcely  any.  Leaves  roundish, 
coarsely  toothed,  rather  glaucous,  white  ben&ith.  Ra- 
cemes very  short  and  compact,  pendulous.  (^Pen,  Cyc.) 
An  upright  evergreen  bush,  with  white  or  glaucous 
leaves.  Mexico.  Height  3  ft.  to  5  ft.  Introduced 
in  1830.  Flowers  yellow,  sweet-scented  ;  December 
to  March.     Berries  yellowish  purple ;  ripe  in  August. 

A  tall,  slender,  evergreen  bush,  with  deep  brown 
branches,  and  scarcely  any  spines.  The  leaves  are  some- 
times wedge-shaped  and  3-toothed,  but  more  frequently 
nearly  round,  with  two  or  three  spiny  teeth  on  every  side. 
A  curious  and  beautiful  species,  well  deserving  of  cul- 
tivation. It  is  quite  hardy,  and  readily  increased  by 
layers,  which  root  the  same  season  that  they  are  made. 


i:-ata. 


Tl.    BERBESA'CEJF.  :    B^RBERIS.  49 

15.  B.  uia'tic*  Hoj*.     The  Asiatic  Berberry. 

a.  In  D«.  Sjit.,  a.p,  13.1  D«.  Proa.,  l.p.  in.j  Oaa't  Mill.,  1,  p.  116 1  P(o. 

^JmmT  "riie  Ljri™  at  DhiKorida.  Alyfa  hi  Idh.  lyou..  itU,  p.U;  A  UnOarU  Lk4.  | 

»>  lUWii  BartierTT.  P.-n-  Ok. 
bF-mH.    DelCH.  KmLuT,  Lt  l.i  BXlcurA.rO. 

Spn.  CSor^  ijc.     Spines  trifid,  or  simple.     Leavta  oval,  cuncated  or  ellin- 

tiial,  mucronate,  sniouCh,   luider  surface  glaucous,  entire  or  spinulosely 

IMdieii     R^anes  short, 

■nuj-floveretl,  coiymbose, 

rfioter  than    the    leaves. 

I^dicels    ehingated,    one- 

iowtred.      Bmies     oval. 

(Dafi  Mill.)    A  vigorous- 
ly groviiig    sub-evergreen 

Arub,  crowded  with  nume- 

nw)  luiuriaoljiuckere.  Ne- 

pil.  on  mountauu.    Height 

6ft  to  8ft.    Introduced  in 

X^O.      Flowtw    yellow  J 

lliy  and  June.      Berries  f 

pun>^>*<thsfiiiebh>omi  1 

ripe   io   July.      Decavina  \  _ 

lam  yellow  Md  red.  11      -WK       — ^  WJ 

lenet  aomewbat   resem-      ■      '*'  'II    rll*U>l     _  ^-^ 

Umgtboaeofil.heterophyila, 
tnt  Dot  Raucous.  The  plant 
ii  euily  (HstinciiLsbed  from 
■ku  ipeciei  by  the  ■vtry  short 
tteaaea  of  hs  flowers,  by  th^  being  -produced  much  earlier,  and  by  the 
■uotfuKsi  of  it*  ahoota.  On  July  SO.  1637,  a  6ne  plant  of  B.  iBiatica, 
in  the  ptmada  at  Syon,  wm  covered  with  fruit,  while  one  of  B.  arisdtai, 
UnSng  dose  beside  it,  waa  covered  with  its  beautiful  rich  yellow  blossoma, 
oany  of  which  were  not  fiillj  expanded.  The  fruit  is  oblong,  ]>inkLsh  or 
pupliA.  wrinkled,  and  covered  with  a  fine  thick  bloom  like  thiit  of  the 
(Ml  nisirn.     Hie  plants  in  5  or  6  years  attain  the  height  of  6  or  8  feet. 

•  IB,  *.  abista'ta  Dee,     The  bristled-tooii-iniiifJ  Berberry. 


^.  Char^  4^.    Lower sfunea  3-parted,  simple; 

leivca  obovate-acute,  tapering  much  to  tlie 

fcasa  endii^  in  a  mucro  (prickly  point)  at  the 

■pet,meinbrai]Ous,  smooth  on  both  sides, ser- 
rated, with   4  or  5  bristly  teeth.     SacenKs   , 

nodda^    many-flowered,    longer    than    the  j 

Invcs.    Berries  oblong.    {Dm'i  MUl.}      A 

T*orou«,growing  sub^evergreen  shrub,  crowd- 

H  with  suckers  which  soraetunes  grow  8  (t, 

to  9fc.  long  in  a  season.  Nepal,  on  mountains 

aiOOft,  to  8000  ft.  of  elevation.     Height  6  fi. 

to  10  ft.   Introduced  m  1B20.     Fbwere  yel- 
low;  June  and  July.      Berries  purplish,  with 

1  fine  bloom ;  ripe  in  September.     Decaying 

Icavea^ellDw  andscarlet.  Naked  young  wood  „_  .,^_.,..^t,. 

yeSowi^  brown. 

Very  distinct  from  anv  of  the  preceding  specie*  or  varieties,  growing  with 
"■      ' »ig»ur,  ana  capable  of  being  formed  into  a  very  haodsome  unall 


50  arbori;tum  et  fruticetum  britannicum. 

tree.  The  root  and  wood  are  of  a  dark  yellow  colour,  and  form  the  yellow 
wood  of  Persian  authors ;  they  are  used  as  a  dye,  and,  being  bitter  and  a 
little  astringent,  they,  as  well  as  the  bark,  are  employed  in  medicine.  (Roylc's 
Hitut,,  p.  63.)  In  Nepal,  the  fruit  of  this  species  is  dried,  like  grapes  for 
formin<;  raisins,  in  the  sun.  A  most  desirable  plant,  calculated  to  produce  a 
splendid  effect,  both  when  in  flower  and  when  in  fruit,  upon  an  open  lawn. 
As  a  rapid  grower,  it  ought  not  to  be  planted  near  slow-growing  shrubs  oi 
trees. 

Other  Species  of  B^rberis.  — B.  Coridria  Royle,  a  species  having  the  same 
general  appearance  as  B.  aristata,  has  been  raised  in  the  Horticultural 
Society's  Garden,  and  there  are  plants  3  ft.  hi^h,  but  they  have  not  yet  flow- 
ered. Plants  have  been  raised  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Oaixien,  and 
in  some  nurseries,  from  seeds  received  from  Mexico  and  Nepal ;  but,  though 
these  have  new  names,  it  is  not  certain  that  they  will  all  prove  new  species, 
and  therefore  we  consider  it  better  not  to  record  them  till  they  have  flow- 
ered. In  Hook,  Bot.  Mit.  vol.  iii.,  B.  chiiensis  Gill.,  B.  vuidfolia  Lam.,  B. 
corymbota  Hook,  et  Am.,  B.  glomerdta  Hook,  et  Am.,  and  B.  GrevUkknA.  GUl^ 
are  described,  or  mentioned,  as  having  been ,  found  in  South  America,  and 
Dr.  Hooker  has  specimens  of  them  in  his  herbarium.  Numerous  varieties 
of  Berberit  vulgaris  are  raised  in  the  London  gardens,  under  continental  names, 
as  if  they  were  species,  but  very  few  of  tnem  are  worth  keeping  distinct. 
See  in  Gard,  Mag,  for  1640,  p.  1.,  Mr.  Gordon's  Report  on  those  raised 
in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden  in  1639. 

Genus  II. 


cana 


MAHO^N/^  Nutt.  Tvn'iAAVkoniK.or  AsB Bbmberry.    lAn-S^st.  Hex4ndria 

Monog^nia. 

I4fnt0eatf(m.    Nutt.  Gen.  Amer.,  1.  p.  307. ;  Dec  Prod.,  1.  p.  108. ;  Don's  Mill.,  p.  117. 
Smmn^mei.    BA-beris  of  authors  ;  Oaosttenon  B4tf. ;  Ash  Berberry  Pen.  Cyd. 
Dcfiwaiion.    Named  by  Nuttall  in  honour  of  Bernard  M*Makon,  a  seedsman  at  Philadelphia,  th« 
author  of  the  American  Gardener's  Calendar t  and  an  ardent  lover  of  botanical  science. 

Gen.  Char,  Sepal*  6,  guarded  on  the  outside  by  three  scales.  Petals  6,  with* 
out  glands  on  the  inside.  Stamens  furnished  with  a  tooth  on  each  side  at 
top  of  the  filament.    Berries  3— 9-seeded.     {DoiCs  Mill,) 

Leaves  compound,  pinnate,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  the  leaflets 
coriaceous,  with  the  margins  toothed  or  serrated.  Floioers  yellow.  FruU 
mostly  black.  —  Natives  of  the  north-west  coast  of  America,  and  also  of 
Nepal,  and  perhaps  Japan. 

Though  some  botanists  think  that  the  characters  ascribed  to  this  genus,  and 
those  ascribed  to  Berberis,  as  exhibited  in  p.  41.,  are  not  sufficient  to  keep 
them  separate  as  genera ;  yet  the  habits  of  the  species  of  one,  as  to  the  mode 
of  growth,  foliage,  and  inflorescence,  are  so  distinct  from  those  of  tlie  other, 
as  to  induce  us  to  adopt  the  genus  Mah6nia.  The  species  in  British  gardens 
are  all  of  comparatively  slow  growth,  and  admit  but  of  slow  multiplication  by 
layers,  which  require  to  remain  on  two  years,  and  scarcely  at  all  by  cuttings. 
Some  of  them,  however,  seed  freely,  and  are  readily  propagated  in  this  way. 
The  seeds  of  all  the  species  of  Mahonia,  and  also  of  those  of  Berberis^  if 
sown  immediately  after  they  are  ripe,  and  protected  through  the  winter  from 
frost,  will  come  up  the  following  spring. 

«  1.  M.  FASCicuLA^Ris  Dec,  The  crowded-racewi^rf  Mahonia,  or  Ash  Berberry, 


Identification.    Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  lOB. }  Don's  Mill.,  1.  p  118. 
SynonipneM.    Birheris  pinotta  Lag.t  Bot.  Reg.,  BoL  Mag.,  « 
Cj/e.    In  the  same  work  it  is  stated  that  Mabbnia  dlTersifbUa  Is  the  same  as  this  spedes ;  thoush 


U  is  figured  and  described  by  Sweet,  as  a  species  from  Monte  Video :  see  Swt.  Br.  Ft.i-Gur^  ad 
series,  t.  56. 
S$^a9ingt.    Bot.  Reg.,  t.  702. ;  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  2396. ;  and  our^.  7S. 


VI,    OLRBF.nA'CEJ'.  :    MAHO'n/^. 


jjuf  r,  VliOT.,  c5-f .  LeavM 
of  3— e  pairs  with  ui 
odd  one,  the  lowest 
jeir  near  (he  bme  of 
ifie  petiole.  Leaflets 
ante-bnceolue,  ib- 
ibcr     diEtBnL      one- 


iMTed,  spny-toothed, 

vith  4  or  5  teeth  on 

tach  ride.      Racemes 

nearij    erect,     much 

cnnrilal.      Fitinienta 

bidentite.(ft)B'i  jtfi/. ) 

An  upright  evergreen 

■hrub.   California  and 

ttdico,  on  mouoiains. 

Height  dh.   lo  Bit 

lotroduceil    in     )819. 

Floven  jellov ;  liar.  - 

10  Uaj.    Berries  pur- 
ple; n|ie  b  Septembo'. 

DenjiDg  leaVea  rich 

yellow;  drop  in  June. 

VaTh«i.ds<Hne."P«.  .t.  ««>».-.  ft-kj*,u. 

b^a  the  most  showy  of  all  the  family."  (JTooi.)  It  is  readily  distinguished, 
tvto  at  ■  distance,  hoot  the  other  mahonias,  by  the  glaucous  green  and 
rebdued  tone  of  colour  of  its  leaves ;  those  of  oil  the  others  being  of  n 
i*Aa  grem,  and  more  or  less  shining.  The  plant  is  rather  too  lender  to 
be  tretted  as  a  detached  bush,  unless  some  slight  protection  be  given  lo  it 
dnriiig  veiy  serere  frosts  ;  but  it  wilt  grow  freely  against  a  wall  with  scarcely 
aoy  FToteclion.  Layers  and  seeds. 
■  1 H.  ilaL-iFo^LiuH  Nidi.     The  Holly-leaTed  Mahonia,  or  Aik  nerbtrrg. 

I'r^L^f.    Kott.  Ona.  Kmxl.,  1.  p.  319,  \  Dk.  Prod..  1.  p.  \<Ji.\  Dnn'i  UllL.  I.  p.  ItS. 

^m^mi.    Btrirrti  ^qnltSUum  H..  fm.  Cgr.,  mi  TBr.  t  Graf. 

'•T^'V-    Pnnh.  Ti.  Amrr.  Scpl,  l.t.  4. ;  Bot.  Haf.,  t.  ItU.i  ind  our/(.  IS. 

Sprr,  Oar.,  4v.     Leaves  of  4  pairs 

oT  leideta  with   an  odd  one,  the 

lower  pair  duttant  from  the  base 

of  the  petiole ;  leaflets  ovate,  ap- 

imiiaute,  cord&te  at  the  ba»e, 

ooMterred,   apiny-toothed,  with 

9or6teetb  on   each  sid&    Bo- 

Mam  erect,  and  much  crowded. 

Rlamcnts  bidentate.  (D.'i  Mill.) 

A  Aiiuog  ererereen  shrub.    Mew 

AUoD  to  NooUui  Sound.  Height 

J  ft.  to  Til.  in  its  native  country, 

pnbaUy  10  ft.  in  England.     In- 

trodnced  in  1883.     Rowers  yel- 
low;  April  and  Hay.     Berries 

paipie;  ripe  in  September. 
ftritHa.     One  variety,  H.  A.  tnii- 

ton*  Dec,  is  oieutioneii  by  De 

CaidaDe;  and  another,  found  at  :^  ii,hixu  ttsum^ 

the  jnnrtion  of  the  Portage  river 

»ilh  the    ColuDibiB,   by  G.  Don.     Torrey   and   Grav  consider    Muhonta 

repou  and  H.  pinnkta  Mercaet  as  only  varieties  of  this  species ;  an  inud- 

VBtence  excuaable  in  those  who  have  not  seen  the  plants  in  a  living  itnte. 


52  ARBORETUM    ET   FHUTICETUM   BKITANNICUM. 

One  of  the  hanJsomeBt  of  evergreen  ahrubi,  attaiaing  the  height  of  6  ft. 
in  6  jean,  quite  hardy,  producing  a  profusion  of  bunches  of  yellow  flowcn 
during  April  and  May.  In  its  native  country  it  grows  in  rich  vegetable 
soil,  among  rockn,  or  In  woods,  where  it  foTiaa  a  thick  and  rich  undergrowth. 
According  to  Dr.  Lindley,  it  ia  "  perhaps  the  handsomest  hardy  evergreen 
we  yet  poaiesa.  lu  foliage  is  of  a  nch,  deep,  shining  green,  beconung 
jjurple  in  the  winter ;  it  bears  fruit  in  sume  abundance,  which  consists  of 
elusten  of  roundish  hlack  berries,  having  their  surface  covered  with  a  rich 
tiolet  bloom.  It  most  resembles  M.  tascicul&ris,  from  which  its  lai^  shining 
leaves  at  once  distinguish  it."    (I'mny  Cyc,  iv,  p.  SGS.)     Layers  and  seeds. 

a.  3.  M.  NERTo'sA  NaU.     The  neneA-Uaetd  Hahonia,  or  A^  Berberrg, 


Kiv-mtnf-      Pur«l>    H.    AmM.,   I. 
.    I.  S.  ;  BM.  Htg..  t.  Ul£.  ;  lUd  our 

S/iee.  Char.,  4'c.     Leaves  of 

5 — 6  pairs,   with  an   odd 

one,  the  lower  pair  distant 

from  the  petiole ;    leaflets 

ovate,  acuminated,  aind  re- 
motely spiny-tooth  ed,some- 

what  3 — 5-nerved,  with  IS 

or  14  teeth  on  each  side. 

Racemes  elongated.    Fila- 
ments bidentate.     (Don't 

Mill.)     An  evergreen  un- 

dershrub.      North-weiit  of 

N.  America,  on  the   river 

Columbia,   in   shady   pine  i 

woods.  Height  S  tt  to  3  ft. 

Introd.  in  1822.    Flowers  "■  "•*^' 

yellow;    October  to  Ihfarch.     Berries  roundish,  glau 

blue  ;  ripe  in  July. 

According  to  Torrey  and  Gray,  the  s 
rises  from  the  ground,  and,  indeed,  is  n 
arelft.to8ft.  in  lenph.  Racemes  spi- 
cate,  often  fi  in.  to  Bin.  long.  Flowere 
lareer  than  in  M.  ^quilBlium.  The  pe- 
tioles of  the  leaves.  Dr.  Lindley  says, 
"  are  jointed  at  every  pair  of  leaflets, 
in  the  manner  of  a  bamboo  stem." 
The  plant  is  hardy,  and  will  thrive  in 
a  shady  border  of  peat  soil.  One  of 
the  handsomest  of  undershnibs. 
a  4.   M.   reVkns   a.  Don.        The 

crecplng-roof«(f    Mahonia.   or  Ath 

Berberry. 

Idnitltlcal4ai.    D.  Dim,  b  Land.  Hart.  Brit., 

p.  -Xl. ;  B.  .jqumuum  ru.  rkpmi  'Kr.  i 

Qroi/.,  I .  p.  BA  1  ^^1.. 

XHfr—'H'-^^-^^-.'-iy'n.iKaoaifit.n.         ^ 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaflets  2 — 3  pairs,  with  an  odd  one,  roundish  ovate,  optujue. 


▼II.  CRUCIA^C££  :    te'lla.  53 

8piny<toothed.  Racemes  diffuse.  Root  creeping.  Filaments  bidentate. 
{Don's  MUL)  An  evergreen  undershrub.  West  coast  of  N.  America,  on 
the  Rocky  Mountains.  Height  1  ft.  to  2  ft  Introduced  in  1822.  Flowers 
yeilow;  April  and  May.    Berries  purpUsh  black;  ripe  in  September. 

Variety, 

ft  Jf.  r.  2  repenpfasdcularit,  —  Habit  of  M.  fascicul^ris,  with  larger  and 
more  robust  foliage,  resembling  that  of  M.  repens.  A  sport,  or  a 
hybrid,  produced  accidentally  in  the  Sawbridgeworth  Nursery. 

Hie  shoots  consist  chiefly  of  short  unbranched  suckers,  with  the  leaves  some- 
what glauoons  on  both  sumces.*  The  racemes  of  flowers  are  terminal,  nume- 
rous, bscided,  diffuse,  rising  from  scalv  buds.  The  plant,  in  British  gardens,  is 
perfectly  hardy,  and  produces  a  provision  of  rich  yellow  flowers  in  April 
snd  May.  Layers  or  suckers;  but  it  does  not  root  readily.  Seeds  are 
wmedmes  produced. 

Other  Species  of  MahdmsL  are  no  doubt  in  British  gardens ;  but  as  they 
ha? e  been  only  raised  lately  from  Kepal  or  Mexican  seeds,  nothing  can  be 
recorded  of  them  with  that  degree  of  certainty  and  detail  which  is  suit- 
able for  this  work.  JfoAoma  lemafoSa,  a  Mexican  species  with  pinnate 
leaves,  and  entire  quite  smooth  leaflets,  on  very  long  slender  footstalks,  has 
been  raised  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  and  may  probably  be  as 
hardy  as  M.  fescicularis  ;  but  this  is  uncertain.  M,  nepaUruisy  M,  Bcanthi' 
foSoy  M,  XragactttUAindtMf  and  M.  canffjiv^^ia^  are  said  to  be  very  desirable 
■pedes. 


Section  II. 

Carpdia  soSiary,  or  connate  ;  Placenta  parietal  (that  Part  of  the  Capsvle  whi^ 
ike  Seeds  are  attached  to  adhering  to  the  Sides  or  Wails  ^  the  Ovary  or  Ger^ 
men),  attached  to  the  Waits  or  Cells  of  the  Ovary. 

OrdeuVII.    CRUCIA^CEJE. 

Ord,  Chab.  The  order  Cruciacese  is  readily  recognised  by  the  cruciform 
arrangement  of  the  petals^  which  are  always  four,  in  conjunction  with  tetra- 
djoamous  stamens,  and  the  fruit  a  silique  or  silicle.  —  Though  there  are 
several  species  which,  technicallv  considered,  are  ligneous  plants,  such  as 
^yasum  ■y-«i>f'n<»,  iberis  sempervirens,  Cheir&nthus  Che\ri,  and  some  others; 
yeC,  in  a  popular  point  of  view,  the  only  shrub  included  in  the  order  is  the 
Fella  Psei^do-Cjtisus. 

Genus  I. 


□ 


f  ET-LA  L.    Thb  Vblla.    Lm.  SysL  Tetradynimia  Silicul6sa. 

rVifiiiiflii,     Tli0  vonl  FUla  b  Lattnlied  from  the  word  veJior,  the  Cdtic  name  of  the  cress. 
Gen,  Char.    Stamens  the  4  longer  in  2  pairs,  the  2  of  each  pair  grown  together. 
^yle  ovate,  flat,  tongue^haped,  at  the  tip  of  the  silicle.     SUicle  ovate,  com- 
pressed,  its  valves  concave.  Partition  elliptic.  Cotyledons  folded,  the  embryo 
root  ifisposed  in  the  sinus  of  the  fold.  {Dec,  Syst.) 

Leaves  simple,  idtemate,  exstipulate,  sub-evergreen ;  toothed  or  serrated, 
dancous.  Flowers  in  axillary  spikes,  yellow,  seldom  succeeded  by  seed  pods 
■  the  climate  of  London. — Shrub  low,  suffruticose,  native  of  Spain. 

E  3 


54 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


tt.  1.  Tb^lla  Pseu^do-Cy^tisus  L.    False-Cytisus,  or  #Arud&^,  Cress- Rocket. 

Idmtifkation,    Lin.  Sp.  895. ;  Dec.  Prod..  1.  p.328. :  Don'i  Mill.,  1.  p.  254. 

Synonume*.    FiftlU  IntegrifbUa  Sal. ;  Faux-cvtlw,  Pr. ;  •traucbartige  (thrubbj)  VaUe,  (?er. 

Engravings.    Car.  Ic,  1.  43. ;  and  our^ij;.  7d. 

Spec.  Char,,  Sfc.  Petals  yellow,  with  long  dark 
purple  claws.  Larger  stamens  perfectly  con- 
nate by  pairs,  (^DotCt  Mill,)  A  low  sub- 
evergreen  shrub.  Spain,  on  calcareous  hills. 
Height  2  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introd.  in  1 759.  Flowers 
yellow ;  April  and  May.  Silique  greenish 
yellow  ;  ripe  in  July.  Decaying  leaves  yellow. 

Branches  arched,  spreading,  somewhat  decum- 
bent. Leaves  glaucous  green.  Somewhat  ten- 
der, but  requires  no  protection  in  the  climate  of 
London,  when  planted  on  dry  soil.  It  is  a 
short-lived  plant,  like  all  the  sufTruticose  Cru- 
ciferee,  but  it  may  readily  be  renewed  by  cuttings 
or  seeds. 


76.    r«la  FlMhdo-CyUH» 


Order  VIII.     CISTA^GE.E. 

Ord,  Char.  Sepals  5,  two  of  them  being  exterior.  PetaU  5,  very  fugitive. 
Stamens  numerous.  Fruit  capsular,  3---5-valved,  5 — 10-celled,  with  pari- 
etal placentae.   jGmiryo  inverted.    Properties  balsamic.  (Lmdl,) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite  or  alternate  (the  lowest  leaves  always  oppo- 
site), stipulate  or  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  sub-evergreen;  generally  pubes- 
cent, pubescence  simple  or  stellate.  Flowers  large,  showy,  white,  red, 
or  purple. — Shrubs  low,  suffrutescent,  many  subherbaceous ;  natives  of 
Europe  and  Africa. 

The  dstices  have  no  medical  properties ;  but  the  resinous  balsamic  sub- 
stance called  ladanum  or  labdanum  is  produced  from  C.  cr^ticus,  C.  lada- 
niferus,  C.  /aurifdlius,  and  one  or  two  other  species.  Their  use  in  gardens  is 
for  ornamenting  rock  work,  or  for  keeping  in  pits  during  the  winter,  and  planting 
out  in  flower-borders  in  spring ;  as,  from  the  tenderness  of  the  finer  species, 
they  are  unfit  for  a  permanent  place  in  a  shrubbery  or  arboretum.  Most 
of  even'  the  laiger-growing  kinds  require  some  protection  during  winter : 
but  they  will  au  grow  freely  in  any  soil  that  is  dry  ;  and  they  are  readily 
propagated  by  seeds,  which,  in  fine  seasons,  they  produce  in  abundance,  or 
by  cuttings ;  the  plants,  in  both  cases,  flowering  the  second  year.  Though 
easily  propagated,  the  Clst^ceae  do  not  readily  bear  transplanting,  baring 
very  few  fibres,  and  these  rambling  to  a  great  distance  from  the  main  root. 
Plants  for  sale  ought,  therefore,  to  be  always  kept  in  pots;  and,  in  the 
winter  season,  they  should  be  protected  by  some  slight  covering  during 
severe  weather.  The  hardy  ligneous  species  are  included  in  two  genera ;  which 
are  thus  contradistinguished  by  DeCandoUe  and  6.  Don :  — 

Ci'sTUS  L,    Capsule  10 — 5-celled. 

Hblia^nthbmum  Tourti.     Capsule  1 -celled,  3-valved. 

Genus  I. 


□UnCLJD 


CI'STUS  L.     The    Cistus,    or    Rock   Rose.      Lm.    Syst.    Polyandria 

Monogynia. 
Deriwtdnm.    From  the  Graek  word  Mtf,  a  box  or  capsule,  or  the  Anglo-Saxon,  craf,  a  hallow 


VIII.  cista'ce*:   Cl'S' 


1)  Out,  Ft.;  CIHkHoh.GA'.i  ClMoiM. 

(ict.  Char.  Cafyr  of  5  Kpals.  Scpali  diaposed-in  a  double  Bering ;  9.  outer 
met  unequal,  sometiiDeB  wnnting.  Petalt  5,  euual,  Bomewhat  cuneuted, 
c)duu}us.  Stament  numerous,  usually  esserted  Irotn  the  glandular  disk. 
Sljlc  filiform.  Sbgma  capitate.  Capiule  corered  by  the  calyx,  5-  or 
10.TBlTed,  with  a  Beminiferous  partition  in  the  middle  of  each  valve, 
therefore  5-  or  10.celled,  Seedt  ovate,  angular.  Embryo  filironn,  spiral. 
Ltatei  simple,  opponte.  eutipulate,  lub-evei^reen,  entire  or  toothed ; 
titt  petioles  embr^icing  the  stem.  Flowcrt  axillary,  or  many  flowered 
pcduiides  ;  lain,  beautiful,  resembling  a  rose,  red  or  white.  — Shrubs  or 
schahiubi,  native*  of  the  South  of  Europe  and  North  of  Africa.  Only 
tno  or  three  species  .or  subopecies,  and  tnedr  varietieB,  are  hardy  io  the 
cEmate  of  LoDdon. 

■■  1.  Ci'sTDs  purpu'bbus  Lam.    The  purple^/fouwrerf  Cistus,  or  Rock  Rote. 

Uritflimim.    L>i.Dla..*.p.14.iDK.Prod.,  l.p.K4.:  Don't  Mill..  I.  D.aa. 

famyn,  JV. :  pvBurrotbe  Cislen  Rne.  Grr. 
iKninHi.    BolB^.,  [.WS.;  SVLCIU,!.  17.;  indDurj^.TT. 

^xr.  Otar^  t/c.     Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  obtuse  or 

■cute,  and  more  or  less  rugose  ;  reliculateljr  veined,  / 

vith  nodulated  margins.    Petioles  short,  hairy,  con-  ^ 

aected  at  the  base,  and  Bheatbing  the  stem.     Flowers 

teTDiinal,  from  1  to  6,  on  short  peduncles.     Bracteas 

sesnle,  leaf-like,  pub^cent,  broad  aiid  concave  at  theft 

base,  wboe  they  are  connected,  and  terminating  in  ^ 

■cute points.  Pedicelssbon,aiid with  ihecalyxhairy.  < 

Calyx  of  3  sepals.    Petals  5  or  6,  obovate  or  wedge-  j 

th^ied  i  very  much  imbricate,  more  or  less  crum- 
pled.   Stamens  oumerout,  filaments  amooth.     Style 

tery  short;  and  stigma  large,  estate,  5-lubed,papil- 

knc.  (Sat,  Cul.)  A  sub-evergreen  low  bush.   Levant. 

Height  3  It  to  4  ft.      Introduced  in  1659.      Flnwcn 

bugc,  bright  reddish  purple,  with  a  yellow  spot  at  the 

base.   June  and  July.  Capsule  brown  j  ripe  m  Sept.  Decaying  leaves  I>rown. 

Branches  Dunieroua,  erect,  and  clothed  with  a  brownish  pubescence. 
The  Bowers  are  very  large  and  handsome,  of  a  bright  reddish  purple,  wilh 
ajellow  spot  at  the  base,  above  which  is  a  large  dark  purple  velvet  miirk, 
wnDuoded  with  red,  and  slightly  branched.  The  petals  are  imbrii-ate,  and 
nuch  crumpled.  It  flowers  abundantly  in  June  and  July  j  grows  very  &st,  is 
taalj  [vopagated  by  cuttings,  and  is  Tery  ornamenlal. 

K  2.  C.  inca'mi^s  L,     The  hoarj  Cistus,  or  Rock  Rok. 

ttrttg^a^.    Ud.  Sp.,  Vn.;    SmIUi'l    Fl.   Gisc.,  4B*.; 
\  C.  i:]m>iim  Dte.\  CWe 


■omewbat  3-nerved,  sessile,  somewhiit  connate  at  the  base, 
npfier  ones  narrower.  Peduncles  1 — Si-flowered.  (Don'i 
MilL)  A  hoary  evergreen  ahmb.  Spain  and  France.  Height 
2ft.  to  3ft.  Introduced  in  IbUl.  Viewers  reddiah  purple, 
with  the  petioleE  enutrgmate.  June  and  July.  Ciipside 
btown ;  ripe  in  September.  Decaying  leaves  brown. 
<^iile  hardy  in  dry  soil. 


56 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


79.    C.  cortiarictMit. 


tt.  3,  C.  coRBARiE^NSis  PoutT.  The  Corbieres  Cistus,  or  Rock  Rnse, 

Itttttt^lcation.    Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  VA. ;  Don't  Mill.,  1.  p.  290. 

Synonymei.    C.  ralylaeRkUus  $  Dee.  Prod.  Fl.  Fr.,  4.  p.  813. ;  C.  popuUfZyliiu 

mloor,in  Bomenurserief  ;  C.  hf  bridus  Pourr.t  not  of  Vahl. 
Engravtnga.    Swt.  Cist.,  t.  8. ;  and  onrftg.  79. 

Spec,  Char.  4*c.  Leaves  stalked,  somewhat  cordate,  ovate, 
acuminated,  with  fringed  margins,  wrinkled  on  both  surfaces, 
and  very  glutinous.  Peduncles  long,  I — 3-flowered.  (Don*s 
Mill')  A  sub-evergreen  shrub.  South  of  France,  on  the 
mountains  of  Corbieres ;  and  also  in  Spain.  Height  2  fl.  to 
3  ft.  Introduced  in  1656.  Flowers  white ;  May  and  June. 
Capsule  brown  ;  ripe  in  August. 

A  handsome  plant,  and,  according  to  Sweet,  one  of  the 
hardiest  species  of  the  genus,  thriving  well  in  common  garden 
soil,  and  in  any  situation  where  it  is  not  too  moist.  It  conti- 
nues in  bloom  for  about  two  months  ;  and  everv  day  during 
that  period  the  plant  is  covered  with  a  profusion  of  hand- 
some white  flowers,  the  margins  of  which  are  tinged  with  rose  colour. 
The  rose  coloured  buds  are  also  very  pretty  before  the  flowers  expand. 

m  4.  C  POPULiFOLius  L.    The  Poplar-leaved  Cistus,  or  Rock  Rose. 

Identificaaon.    Lin.  Sp.  736. :  Don't  Hill.,  1.  p.  800. 

^fnoHf/me*.     Cistus  nopulifbiius  Crsv.  l2on.\  Clste  i  Feidlles  de  Peuplier, 

Fr.  \  Pappel-bUUtrlge  Cisten  Rose.  Grr. 
Ettgravt'ngi.    Swt.  Cist.  23. ;  and  our>^.  80. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Leaves  stalked,  cordate,  acuminate, 
wrinkled,  smooth.  Flowers  cymose.  Peduncles  bracteate. 
Bracteas  oblong.  Sepals  acuminate,  clammy.  {JDorCs  Mill.) 
A  sub-evergreen  shrub  of  vigorous  growth.  France  and 
Spain.  Height  5  ft.  to  7  ft.  Introduced  in  1656.  Flowers 
white,  with  distinct  petals ;  May  to  July.  Capsule  brown ; 
ripe  in  September. 

Leaves  dark  green,  cordate,  clammy,  with  undulate  margins. 
One  of  the  most  robust  species  of  the  genus,  and  also  one  of 
the  hardiest.  A  plant  7  ft.  high,  in  the  grounds  at  Syon; 
stood  through  the  winter  of  1837-8  uninjured,  without  the 
slightest  protection.  so.  amm  popDuaam. 

•  5.  C.  LAURiPo^Lius  L.     The  Laurcl-leavcd  Cistus,  or  Rock  Rote, 

IderUifieaHon.    Lin.  Sp.  786. ;  Clus.  Hist.  1.  p.7B.  f.  1. ;  Don's  Mill.,  I.  p.  800. 
Svnonymes.    Ciste  A  I- entiles  de  Laurier,  Fr. ;  Lorbeer-bliittrige  Cisten  Hose,  Ger. 
Engravingt.    Clus.  Hist.,  1.  p.  76.  f.  1. ;  Swt.  Cist,  t.  62. ;  and  oxaflg.  81. 

Spec.  C/iar.,  Sfc.  Leaves  stalked,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  3-nerved,  upper  surface  gla- 
brous, under  surface  tomentose.  Foot- 
stalks dilated,  and  connate  at  the  base. 
Capsules  5-ce11ed.  (^DotCs  MiU.)  A 
sub-evergreen  bush.  South  of  France, 
and  Spain.  Height  4  ft.  to  5  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1 77 1 .  Flowers  large,  white, 
with  light  red  bracteas ;  July  and  Aug. 
Capsule  brown ;  ripe  in  October. 

A  very  robust  species,  with  large 
green  laurel-like  leaves.  It  produces  an 
abundance  of  flowers,  which,  with  their 
light  red  bracteas,  are  very  ornamental 
before  they  expand,  resembling,  at  a  distance,  the  bursting  buds  of  roses.  It 
requires  no  protection  ;  and  may  be  raised  from  seeds,  which  it  ripens  in 
abundance;  and  also  by  cuttings,  which, however, do  not  strike  so  freely  as  in 
some  of  the  other  species. 


81.    CXMiu  laorf  FMhis. 


VIII.  cistaceje:  cibtus. 

The  LBdanum-besring  Gun  Cistui,  M 

UlL.  Ij-MQ. 

iHonm  Clittn  RglBi  Qtr-  i  t*H*n#.^ 

Spec.  O^e^  ic.  Leaves  almont  sessile,  connate  «t  the  | 
bsM,  biKar-lanceolue,  3-nerved,  upper  surftce  gla- 
broui,  under  luHsce  tomentose.  Cmpsule  lO-celled. 
Pettis  imbricate.  (Ikm't  Mill.}  A  Bub-evergreeo 
■hnib.  Spsin  and  Portugal,  on  hills.  Uedght  4  ft.  to 
it  Intraduced  ia  16S9.  Flowers  Urge,  white,  1  in. 
to  2  In.  broad :  June  and  Julj.     Capsule  brown ;  ripe 


finrtK).     O.  L  1  aOiJ^nu  Dec.  Prod.  i.  p.  866.,  Siit. 

ritt.  L  M.  i  X«don,  i.,  C/u.  Hid.  i.  p.  78.  ic. ;  and 

C  J:  e  maculatia  Dec.  Prod.  1.  c.  (Swt.  Ciit. ;  and 

our  Jig.  63.) ;   C.V  Z  plenlloliuB  AH.  Hort.  Ken.  iiL 

p.  305. ;  are  TariedcB  of  this  species.  '*■  *■  "**■"■  "•™'*'* 

Tbc  leaTcs  are  lanceolate,  and  nearly  Ksile,  of  a  deep  green ;  the  flower* 
taiuiuxing  the  branches,  solitary,  white,  and  larae.  The  variety  C.  Indantfenis 
mcnlstus,  which  our  fig.  62.  repreaents,  is  a  pbnt  of  very  great  beauty,  and 
DO  coJIectioD  should  be  without  it. 

m  7.  C.  (t.)  ct'privs  Zom.     The  Gum  Cislus,  or  Cyprus  Rodt  Bote. 
t  MJ11..  1.  p.  Ma 

.;  CWui  UBwphfUiu  LAi*£hm,  t.p.Tt.fiC.HUd- 
^Mr.  Cte.,  Ifc.  Leave*  nalked,  oblong-lanceolate, 
Df^MT  sur&ce  glabrous,  under  sur&ce  clothed  with 
boary  lomentuni.  Peduncles  generally  many- 
Sovered.  Petals  Hpotted.  Capsules  5-ceiled.  (Don't 
Mli.)  A  splendid  sub-evergreen  shrub.  Tilaod  of 
^prua.  Height  5ft.  to  6  rt.  Introduced  in  1»00. 
Flowers  white,  3  in.  to  3  in.  across,  imbricated,  each 
petal  bavinc  a  dark  rich  brownish  crimsoa  «|>ol  at 
the  base;  June  and  July.     Capsule  brown;  ripe  in 


One  of  the  handsomest  Kpecles  of  the  genus,  and  so 
dindj  resembling  C.  ladanirerus,  as,  in  our  opinion,  to 
brnndlb^niore  than  a  variety  of  that  species.  Young 
cnnii^s,  Sweet  observes,  planted  under  hand-glasses  "'  '*™"*^°'' 

in  autumn,  will  strike  root;  but  the  best  way  is  to  raise  them  from  layers 
orfron  seed.  There  was,  in  1634,  a  plant  of  this  species  at  Minard,  in  Ar- 
jQlUhirc.  T  ft.  9  in.  high,  with  a  head  12  Tt.  in  diameter,  which  is  clothed  with 
■overt  every  year. 

OHitr  Speriet  of  Cithu  are  described  in  Sweet's  GslinriE,  as  nearly  equally 
Wdjwith  the  above;  but  the  eiperience  of  the  winter  of  1837-8  has  induced 
>»  to  omit  th«n.  Those  who  intend  to  treat  them  as  garden  plants,  and  can 
librd  theoi  a  Hitle  protection  during  wintec,  will  find  36  species,  besides 
tirietiei,  described  in  the  first  edition  of  this  work,  and  several  of  them 
itand.  Those  who  iiitend  only  to  have  a  collection  of  showy  species,  witb- 
M  nrach  regard  to  their  names,  will  have  recourse  to  the  mode  recommended 
s  the  concluding  paragraph  on  ihe  Heli&nthemum.  (p.  61.)  The  following 
ipedes  or  subspecies  were  found  tolerablr  hardy  in  the  Canterbury  Nursery  : 
C.  btteropfa jllua,  C.  cr^ticua,  C.  cr{spus,'C.  Cupanianw,  C.  hirsiitus,  C.  I&xus, 
C.  tillAMis,  C.  oblongil^lius,  C.  undutatus,  C.  talvislblius,  C.  longifoliua,  C. 
rnWpaiua. 


5A  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

Genus  II. 


□□□ 


^a_ 


HELIA^NTHEMUM.    The  Helianthemum,  or  Sun  Ross.    Lin.  Syst. 

Poly&ndm  Monogynia. 

JdeniiJIeaHom,    Tourn.  lost.,  248.  1. 128.  |  Dec  Prod^  1.  p.  966. ;  Dcm*i  Mill.,  1.  p.  801. 

Synon^me$.    Clcti  sptclei  of  Lin. ;  UelUntheme  Sonnen  Gurtel,  Ger. ;  Eliantemo,  Itoi. 

Dtrivathn,  From  hHiot,  the  tun,  and  anthemon^  a  flower ;  beouue  the  flowen  opoa  with  the  rldii^ 
of  the  lun  in  the  morning,  and  the  petals  fall  off  with  the  setting  of  the  sun  in  the  erening.  The 
flowen  of  HeU£nthemum,  at  well  at  of  Clttut,  only  latt  for  a  few  hourt  when  the  tun  shines ;  and 
if  the  weather  Is  dull,  and  the  sun  does  not  make  Us  appearance,  the  flowers  do  not  open,  but 
remain  unexpanded.    Should  thlt  continue  for  teveral  days  together,  the/  will  decay  In  the  bud. 

Gen,  Char,  Calyx  of  3 — 5  sepals  ^.the  two  outer  usually  smaller  than  the 
inner  ones,  rarely  larger.  PetaU  5,  usually  regularly  denticulated  at  the 
top.  Stigma  capitate.  Style  sometimes  almost  wanting,  sometimes  straight, 
sometimes  obliaue,  and  sometimes  bent  at  the  base.  Ovary  triquetrous. 
Capsule  3-yalvea.     Seeds  angular,  smooth. 

Leaves  simple,  opposite  or  alternate,  stipulate  or  exstipulate,  sub-ever- 
green ;  3-nerved  or  feather-nerved.  Flowers  axillary  or  terminaL  Pedioeis 
usually  furnished  with  bracteas  at  the  base.  —  Shrubs  or  subshruba,  low, 
prostrate,  resembling  herbaceous  plants ;  natives  of  Europe ;  and  of  the 
easiest  culture  in  any  common  soil. 

t.  1.  H.  vuLGA^RE  Gisrt,    The  common  Helianthemum,  or  Sun  Rose. 

IderUiflcatidn.    Gcrt  Frurt^  1.  p.  871.  t.  76. ;  Don't  Mill.,  I.  p.  811. 

&monyme.    CIstus  Hellinthemum  Lfn.  Sp.  1.  p.  744.,  Sm.  Engl.  Bot.  1331.,  Cmrt.  Ft.  Lomd.  6.  t.  96. 

Engraxingi     Eng.  Bot.,  1. 1321. ;  and  our/g.  84. 

Spec.  Char.f  4'c>  Stem  suffruticose,  procumbent,  branched,  branches  elongated. 
Leaves  scarcely  revolute  at  the  margins ;  under  surface  cinereously  hoary  ; 
upper  surface  ^een,  pilose,  somewhat  ciliated.  Lower  leaves 
somewhat  orbicular,  middle  ones  ovate-elliptical,  upper  ones 
oblong.  Stipules  oblong-linear,  ciliated,  lon^r  than  the  foot- 
stalks of  the  leaves.  Racemes  loose.  Pedicels  and  calyxes 
pilose.  (Don*/  Mill.)  A  procumbent  Pub-evergreen  under- 
shrub.  Europe  and  Britain,  in  dry  and  hilly  pastures.  Height 
6  in.  to  I  ft.    Flowers  yellow ;   May  to  September. 

Varieties.    There  is  a  very  handsome  double-flowered  variety, 
with  pale  yellow  flowers ;  and  another,  called  Lee*s  new  double 
yellow,  with  dark  yellow  flowers ;  both  of  which  are  in  general 
cultivation  in  the  nurseries.    De  GandoUe  also  notices  two 
forms  of  the  species :  one  with  tomentose  pubescent  branches,    •*•  "•  '•>«**»• 
and  stipules  scarcely  longer  than  the  footstalks  of  the  leaves  ;  and  another 
with  branches  glabrous  at  the  base,  but  pubescent  upwards,  and  the  stipules 
twice  or  thrice  the  length  of  the  petioles  of  the  leaves. 

The  stamens,  if  touched  during  sunshine,  spread  slowly,  and  lie  down  upon 
the  petals.  (Snath.)  **  A  very  variable  species,"  even  in  a  wild  state  ;  and, 
iu  gardens,  many  beautiful  varieties,  single  and  double,  have  been  originated 
from  it  by  cross  fecundation  with  C!ontinental  helianthemums,  and  perhaps  with 
cistuses. 

1,  2.  H.  (v.)  suRREJA^UM  Mill.  The  Sur- 
rey Helianthemum,  or  Sun  Rose, 

liemttfieatiom.     Bfill.  Diet,  No.  13. ;  Swt  Cist.,  t.  SS. ; 

Don'sMUI.,  1.  p.3Il. 
Synonyme.   CYstos  surr^^us  Lin,  Sp.  743.,  SnuWs  Eng. 

Bot. 
Engraohtgt      Dill.  Elth.,  177.  t.  145.  f.  174. ;  Swt.  CUt., 

t.  as. ;  Eng.  Bot.,  t  2207. ;  and  our  fig.  85. 


k  4B.  ,  i^n^  oou,  u  MMMi.  i  ana  our  jtg.  ow. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.     Stem  suffruticose,  procum- 
bent.    Leaves  ovate  oblong,  rather  pilose. 


Racemes    many-flowered,  terminal.     Pe-  S5.  MeiMmhMimm  mmuanum 


VIII.  (Tista'ce-e;  helia'nthemum.  59 

Ub  oarrDW,  laoceolaK,  Jaggetl.  (Dun't  MiU.)  A  procumbent,  Bub-ever- 
)!reni,auflhitii;(ne,undaiiarut>.  Briuio,  in  Surre;,  near  Croy  Jon.  Height 
fi  in.  to  I  ft.  Flowm  yellow,  with  the  p«ab  distinct,  kod  the  caiyxes  piloK; 
Ju]}-  to  October. 


fcinfiir      CUm  iRpTnmiliu  Uk.  Sp.  ita. 
iipmmgi.    &wU  CM,  t.  GO.  i  ud  laiM-  »■ 

^cc.(3ttr^^.     Stem  luffruticoie.     Branche*  sscend- 
cut,  glabrMis  at  the  baee,  and  piloae  at  the  apex. 
Leans  oblong-eliiptical,  with  reToluteniBrginsj  under 
surface   hoBry-tomentose ;    iippeT  surface   intenaely 
gnen,  shiniag,  it  Erst  ruber  ptlase,  aA^^wanls  almost 
UDOoth.    Stipules  and  bractcss  green,  ciliated.     Ca- 
Wua  etUKaceot,  with  ioconapicuoua  down,  and  with 
UK  DOTCi  qiannglf  pilose.  {^Don't  Mill.')  A  trailing,         <*•  "■  "tpi"'''"""' 
■IxTergrmi,  auBruticoae  uodershrub.     Alps  of  Slyria  and  Austria,  and  in 
Britaio,  ui  Somersetithire.     Hcight6in.to  I  ft.     Introduced  in  1731;  dis- 
coTcrcdin  En^and  iu  1826.  Flowers  Urge,  yellow,  with  the  petals  distinct; 
May  to  September. 

t.  4.  H.  (t.) 

tWHiM^  D«-n.  Fr.,4.  p.«1.;Dan-iHU1..  1.  p.  311. 
%jm^mt.  Cbnu  RTWidillAnu  &tw.  Cant-  ed.  S.  No.  64B.  L.  35. 
i^mimtt.    SWI.C1U..  t.fiS.;  SCCP.CUI1..H1.J.I.U.1  uidDUjA.R7. 

Spn.da.,^.  Stem  suffiuti cose,  ascending.  Branchea hairy. 
Cpper  leaies  flattish,  oblong,  rather  pilose;  upper  surface 
(Ken,  under  surCice  somecinies  pale  cinereous.  Stipules 
eiWed,  rather  lotiger  than  the  footstalke  of  the  leaven. 
fkucrs  large.  Calyxes  rather  hairy.  {Don't  Mill.)  A  neut, 
Bnle,hoBhy,  sub-evergreen.BuflhiticoBe  undershrub,  bearing  a 
doK  resenbluDce  to  H.  vulgire,  but  larger  in  all  its  parts. 
IVeoec!.  Height  6  in.  to  1  It.  Introduced  in  1800. 
Pcwen  large,  pale  yellow ;  June  to  August.  ""  "-p*""""""- 

i.  H,  (v.)   tiu'ricvm  Ihch.   .The  Taurian  Helionthemum,  or  San  Sine. 


.Ct«,HJ6.ittdour/g.8S. 

^xx.  Char.,  S/c.      Stem   suffhi^ose,    much    branched,   pro- 
cumbent.    Branches  procumbent,   beset  with   lung   hairs. 
Leaves   oblong-lanceolate,   with    rather  reiolute  margins, 
pilose  on  both  turfkces,  green  above,  and  paler  beneath. 
Siipulea  lanceolate-linear,  ciliated,  longer  than  the  petiole. 
Flowers  large.    Calyi  shining,  rather  hairy.    Petals  imbri- 
cate. {Don'i  Mill.)  A  procumbent,  sub-evergreen,  suflruti-  ' 
cose  undershrub.   Tauria.    Height  6  in. 
to   1  ft.     Introduced  in   16S0.     Flowers 
large,   pnle   yellow ;    May    to    October. 

*■        '     "  Resembles  H.  grandiflorum  i  but  differs 

from  it  in  the  branches  spreading  flat  on  jhe  ground,  and 

mending  to  a  great  distance. 


UM    ET    PHUTiCETUM    BKlTANNlCUM. 

Sfcr.  Char.,  ^c.  Stem  autlTuticose,  branched.  Branche*  apreading,  hiMij 
tomcntoae.  Leave*  stalked,  oblong  linear,  with  the  marpot  Bcarcely  rero- 
lute;  under  surface  tomenCose,  upper  aur^e  glaucescent,  but  at  length 
becoming  nmooth.  Stipules  awl-ebaped,  longer  than  the  footatslks  of  tbe 
leaves.  Caljxea  covered  with  very  short  hain,  striated,  cinercously  glaucous, 
bluntish.  (Zkm'i  Mili.)  A  procumbent,  sub-evergreen,  suffhiticose,  uudo^ 
Hhrul).  Germany  and  Italy,  on  dry  hills  and  places  exposed  to  the  sua. 
Hd^tSin.  to  I  ft.  Introduced  in  1731.  Flowers  white,  with  the  petals 
diadDct,  and  marked  with  yellow  at  their  base  ;  May  to  August. 

>.  7.  H.  (v.)  MACRt'NTHUM  Swt.   The  large-flowered   Hellandieinuin,  or  Am 


1.,  1.101.;  udourA.M. 

^Kc.  CAar.,  ^e.     Stem   sufihiticose.     Branches  procum- 
bent,  rather   tomentose.      Leaves   flat,   ovate  oblong 
Bcutish;  smooth  above,  and  densely  tomentose  beneath; 
pale  cinereous.     Stipules  rather  pilose ;  about  equal  to, 
or  longer  than,  the  petioles.   Calyx  Etri- 
eted,   pilose.      Petals  distinct.    {Don't 
MiU.)     A   procumbent,  sub-evergreen, 
suffruticose  undershrub.     Or^nated  in 
gardens.  Hdght  6  in.  to  I  ft  Cultivated 
in  1BS8.     Flowers  larger  than   in  any 
other   species ;    cream-coloured   white, 
witi    '  ■      -    ■     ■ 

low  i  May  to  August. 

t~  H^.m.  Smii/^fc*  (Swt. Cist., t.iOt.j  and ourig.fll,)  "„.  H._._iad*.. 
is  a  beHUtifuI  plant,  not  only  on  account  of^iLH  fine 
double  Aowerij,  but  of  its  habit  of  growth.     It  ou^t  to  be  in  eTery 


I.  8.    H.   (t.)   cane'scens  Salt.     The 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Stem  suffruticose,  branched,  diffuse.  Branches  ascending, 
rather  tomentose,  canescent.  Leaves  flat,  or  hardly  revolute  at  the  tuargins ; 
under  surface  tomentoselj  hoary,  upper  surSice  greenish  glaucous.  Lower 
leaves  ovate  oblong,  obtuse  j  upper  ones  lanceolate,  acute.  Stipules  linear, 
ciliated,  somewhat  longer  than  the  footstalks.  Calyxes  smoothikh,  but  with 
the  nerves  pubeacenL  Petals  imbricated.  (Don't  MiU.)  A  procumbent, 
sub-evergreen,  sufthiticose  underahrub.  Originated  in  gardens.  Hdght 
6  in.  to  1  foot.  Cultivated  in  I8S6.  Flowers  reddish  crimson;  May  to 
*       August. 

A  splendid   plant,  with  reddish  ( 

the  petals  inihricatel,  and  having  a  small  orange  spot 

at  the  base  of  each.     Sweet  considers  it  as  having  the 

darkest-coloured,  if  not  the   handsomest,  flowers   of  ^ 

the  genus,    Tbe  flowers  are  also,  he  says,  very  large  y 

for  the  size  of  the  plant.     It  is  nearly  related  to  H 

riiodinthum,  but  is  readily  distinguished  from  it  by  it 

canescent  leaves,  and  stronger  habit  of  growth. 

t,  9.  H.  (v.)  htssopifo'li 


,  cista'cex:  helia'ntuemuh.  bl 


SpK.  Otar.,  4«.  Slem  sudfhiticose,  aaceodii^.  BranchcE  hairy-tt 
Lower  loies  oral ;  upper  one«  oblong4ani;eol>te,  green  on  both  luHkcea, 
Im,  hairy.  Cal;rxe«  bury.  Petals  imbricate.  {Don't  Mill.)  A  sub- 
nemrcD  tuflhiticose  imdenihrub,  witb  the  biancncB  ascending.  Origi- 
otM  in  gardetu.  Hei^t  1  ft.  to  IJ  ft.  Cultivated  in  18:JT.  Fbwera 
Tuuble  fWim  ■BlTroD  to  red  ;  Hay  to  August.  Capsule  brown  ;  ripe  in 
ScptenbeT.  Varying  conaiilersbly  by  culture. 
rarMa, 

».  ff.   h.   I  cronJftn*  (Swt,  Ci«.,   t,  93.)   h«s 

flowers  saflroD-coloured,  with  more  or  less 

of  a  ferrugineous  tint,  and  may  represent 

the  tpeciea. 

1.  If.  b.  S  cimn»m   (Swt.  G.A..   t.  38.J  baa 

flower*  of  ft  redditb  copperK^olour. 
L  ff.  h.  3  mtillipkr  (Swt.  Cist.,  t.  78. ;  and  our 
Jlg.93,)  has  double  flowcn,  of  a  reddish 


All  the  three  fbnnt  of  this  variety  are  splendid 
pboti;  tbey  are  hardy,  of  Iniuriant  growth,  Boner- 
mg  freely,  and  of  the  easiest  culture,  either  iu  pots 
or  00  baaks  of  li^t  sandy  soil,  covered  with  ffints 
or  stoDca.    The  floweni  of  the  copper-coloured  va- 

ricli,  ud  slso  the  lesTes,  arc  larger  than  those  of  the  two  other  kinds.  Hie 
double-flowered  variety  appears  to  be  of  a  more  upright  habit  of  growth, 
ud  not  quite  so  robun  as  the  others. 

M  10.  H.  ■CABRo'mii  Pen,      The  rough  Heliandieauin,  or  Sun  Rote, 


Itm^mt,    am  Kibnmi  4il.  Bart.  Krm.  I.  p.  n&. 
^TMii^ll.    Swt.CI>t.,t.Sl.;  IDdQurj^.M. 

Sftc  CSor.,  4^.     Erectish.     Branches    pilosely    to- 

■loitose,    scabrou*,    carketeenc      Leaves  sessile, 

tspoing    to    the    base,    oblong-ovate,     acutish, 

raighiiA,  3-Derved,  witb  waved  retolute  margins ; 

[^iper  snr&ce  green,  under  surface  clothed  with 

gnj  tonentum.     PeduncleH  terminal,   1 — S-Sow- 

crrd,  shorter  than  the  leaves.     Cdys  3-8epaled, 

hsiry.   Petals  distmct.  {Don'i  Mill.)   A  sub-ever- 

eieoi  erect  undersbrub.    Portugal.    Height  2  ft. 

loSft.  Introduced  in  1775.   Flowers  rich  yellow ; 

JoDc  to  August.     Capsule  brown ;   ripe  in  Sept. 

DiScn  from  most  other  species  of  Heli&nthemum, 
is  growing  erect.  It  forms  a  very  handsome  littlebush, 
bat  it  teqiurea  a  sheltered  situation,  and  a  dry  soil.  **  K.«»irt«^ 

Mna/  other  Kindt  of  HeEtntihmirmt  described  in  Sweet's  Gidnea  are,  perhaps, 
uhsrdyas  thoise  we  have  selected;  but  it  would  be  of  little  use  giving  them  here, 
Ac  greater  part  having  been  lost  during  the  winter  of  1S37-8.  In  the  first 
edition  of  this  Arborc/im  99  ipedes  are  described,  besides  varieties.  Sup- 
pDoi^  a  cultivator  about  to  form  a  coUection  of  Cisiaces,  we  should  attach 
■ocfa  less  importance  to  hi*  bdng  able  to  procure  all  the  sorts  of  Clstua  and 
HdJiDtbemiun  described  in  Sweet's  Cittaeic,  than  to  hi*  obtaining  all  the  sort* 
ndy  procurable,  whatever  names  they  might  pass  under,  and  cross-fecunda- 
nng  tban  so  as  to  produce  new  forms.  There  con  be  no  doubt  whatever  that 
it  sorts  of  both  the  genera  Cfstu*  and  Heliinthemuni  might,  by  crois-fe. 
ondaiion,  be  increased  ad  bifiTdtum;  and,  considering  their  very  ^reat  beauty 
■  bonkr  and  roi^work  shrubs,  we  think  tbey  merit  the  attention  of  culn- 
xKms  at  least  is  miicli  as  many  florist'*  flowers. 


6*2  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

Section  III. 

Ovaruim  solitary ;  Placenta  central.  (JTke  Column  in  the  Frmt  to  which  the  Seeds 
are  attached  central,  and  not  adhering  to  the  Sde  at  m  Section  II.) 

Order  IX.     MALVA^CEiE. 

Ord.  Char.  Calyx  with  a  valvate  aestivation,  mostly  with  an  involucre.  Sla-- 
vunit  with  the  filaments  monadelphous,  and  the  anthers  I -celled.  PubeS' 
cence  starry.  (Lindl.) — Trees  or  shrubs,  deciduous,  natives  of  warm  climates. 
Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  ;  more  or  less  divided. 
Hairs  stellate,  axillary.  Flowers  on  peduncles,  large,  showy.  —  The  only 
genus  containing  hardy  species  is  Hibiscus.  The  genus  Lav&tera  contains 
some  species  which  have  an  arborescent  appearance,  but  which  are  in  fact 
only  suifrutescent  biennials  or  triennials. 

Genus  1. 


a 


Ger. 
itiiflowentothoie 


^IBFSCUS  L.    The  Hibiscus.    Lin.  Syst.  Monad^lphia  Polv&ndria. 

Idemificaliom.    Lin.  Gen..  846. ;  Dee.  Prod ,  I .  p.  446. ;  Don's  Mill.,  I.  p.  476. 

^fnongmes.    Ketmie,  Pr.j  Eibiich,  Ger. ;  Ibisco,  Jtal. 

Deritntion.  The  word  hibitkoi  is  one  of  the  names  given  by  the  Greeks  to  the  mallow.  The  HMacoM 
of  PJiny  appears  to  be  an  umbelliferoiu  plant ;  while  that  of  Virgil  is  a  pUnt  with  pliant  branchea, 
which  was  made  into  baskets.  The  wonl  ^bfscus  is  supposed  by  some  to  be  derlyed  from  ibis, « 
stork,  which  Is  said  to  feed  on  some  of  the  species.  Ketmie  (iPlr.)  is  derived  ttoax  Kttmiat  the  name 
given  to  the  genus  by  Toumefort.    Eibisch  is  the  German  aboriginal  word  for  the  mallow. 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  encompassed  by  a  many-leaved,  rarely  by  a  few-leaved,  in- 
volucel,  or  one  with  its  leaves  connate.  Petals  not  auricled.  Stigmat  5. 
Carpels  joined  into  a  5-celled  5-valved  capsule,  with  a  dissepiment  in  the 
middle  of  each  valve  on  the  inside.    Cells  many-seeded,  rarely  I-seeded. 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous;  variously  lobed  and 
toothed,  generally  ovate-wedge-shaped.  Flowers  pedunculate,  large,  showy. 
—  The  only  hardy  ligneous  species  is  H.  syriacus. 

^  I.  H.  sYRi^ACUS  L.    The  Syrian  Hibiscus,  or  AUhcea  Frviex. 

IdentificaUom.    Lin.  Sp.,  978. :  Dec,  Prod..  1 .  p.  448. ;  Don*j  Mill.,  1. 478. 
&ufumyme$.    Ketmie  aes  Jaralns,  iV. ;  Syrischer  Bil ' 
DerinatUm.    It  is  called  Althaia  from  the  resemblanoi 

of  the  iflthtt'a  rdsea. 
Engraving*.    Gav.  Diss.,  8.  t.  09.  f.  1. ;  Bot  Mag.,  t.  88. ;  and  our  flg.  95. 

Spec.  Char.,  ire.  Stem  unarmed,  arboreous.  Leaves 
ovate,  wedge-shaped,  3-lobed,  toothed.  Pedicels  hardly 
longer  than  the  leaves.  Involucel  6 — 7-leaved.  (Don's 
Mill.)  A  deciduous  shrub.  Syria  and  Camiola.  Height 
6  (t.  Introduced  in  1596.  Flowers  large,  single  or 
double,  white,  red,  purple,  or  variegated ;  August  and 
September.  Capsule  greenish  brown  ;  ripe  in  October. 
Defying  leaves  yellowish  green.     Naked  wood  white 

One  of  our  most  ornamental  hardy  shrubs,  of  which     •*•  *«««»*nWn». 
there  are  the  following  varieties :  — 

A  H.  s.  2  Jtilns  variegdtis. — Leaves  variegated. 

«24  H.  *.  3  Jidre  variesdto. — Flowers  variegated. 

*  H.  s.  4f  Jlore  pwrpureo. — Flowers  purple. 

dh  H.  «.  5  Jlore  pnrpureo  pleno. — ^Flowers  double,  purple. 

ii  H.  «.  Q  Jlore  rubro. — Flowers  red. 

ft  H.  *.  7  Jidre  6lbo, — Flowers  white. 

A  H.  s.  6  Jidre  dlbo  pleno. — Flowers  double,  white. 


IX.    MAL,YA^CEM.      X.    TILIA^CE^.  63 

Branches  numerous,  upright,  white^barked ;  their  general  character  being 
rather  fastigiate  than  spreading.  Leayes  variously  lobed ;  flowers  axillary, 
large,  and  bell-shaped.  Conspicuously  ornamental ;  and  the  more  valuable, 
because  it  produces  its  flowers  at  a  time  of  the  year  when  few  shrubs  are 
b  bloom.  It  forms  beautiful  garden  hedges  ;  more  especially  i^hen  the 
diiereot  sorts  are  planted  in  a  harmonious  order  of  succession,  according  to 
tbdr  colours  ;  and  when  the  plants  are  not  clipped,  but  carefully  pruned  with 
the  knife.  In  the  colder  parts  of  Britain,  ana  in  the  north  of  Germany,  few 
omamental  shrubs  better  deserve  bein^  planted  against  a  wall.  It  will  grow 
m  almost  any  soil  not  too  wet ;  but,  like  all  the  il/alviceae,  seems  to  prefer 
one  which  is  sandy,  deep,  and  rich,  rather  than  poor.  An  open  airy  situation, 
where  it  will  ripen  its  wood,  is  essential.  The  single-flowered  varieties  are 
propagated  by  seed,  which  come  up  true  to  their  respective  colours ;  and  the 
double-flowered  varieties  are  propagated  by  layers,  by  grafting  on  the  common 
wrts,  and  sometimes  by  cuttings  of  the  ripened  wood,  planted  in  sand  in 
autumn,  and  covered  with  a  hand-glass  during  tlie  winter. 


Oeder  X.     nUA^CE^. 


Omd.  Chab,  Sepali  4  or  5,  with  a  valvate  aestivation,  mostly  without  an  invo« 
lucre.  Petalt  4  or  5,  or  rarely  not  any.  Stamens  hypogynous,  generally 
nnioerous,  with  filaments  separate,  and  anthers  2-celfe<L  Mostly  glands 
between  the  petals  and  ovarium.  Ovary  and  frwi  single,  of  4—10  carpels 
grown  t<wether ;  cells  in  the  fruit,  at  least  m  some,  not  so  many  as  the 
caipeU.  (Lmdley.')  —  Trees  and  shrubs  chiefly  from  warm  climates. 

Zarv* simple,  alternate, stipulate,  deciduous;  cordate,  ^ibio^f  panicled, 
yellowish,  fragrant,  with  an  oblong  bractea  united  to  the  common  stalk. 
Cofmk  downy. — The  only  genus  which  is  perfectly  hardy  is  T^lia  ;  native 
of  Europe  and  North  America. 

Genus  L 


n^IA  L.     The  Linns  Tree.    Xm.  Syst,  Polyandria  Monog/nia. 

Uai^eathm,    Un.  Gen.,  660. ;  Dec  Prod.,  1.  p.  512. :  Don'i  HUK,  1.  p.  US. 

^iPwfiHu.  Ltate  Tree,  Gerard  \  Lind,  Angto-Sa*. ;  Tfllenl,  Fr.  \  Bast-holtx,  Oer, ;  Linde,  Ger. 
midDmleki  TifUa,  Jtal. ;  TUo,  Sjpam. ;  L^  Bm$. 

Derittligm,  In  CofDdon  and  Wiie*!  Retired  Gardhier  the  name  of  Tllia  is  derived  from  the  Greek 
vord  ptOan,  a  feather,  from  the  featherf  appearance  of  the  braeteas ;  but  othert  derire  it  from  the 
Greek,  vofd  tam\  U^t  bodic*  floating  in  the  air  like  wool  or  feathers.  TUleial  ii  from  taiUer.  either 
^cooae  the  tree  bears  pruning  weU.  or  the  wood  may  be  easily  carred.  Bast-holts  is  Uterally 
iMk  wood.  In  atlttiion  to  the  use  of  the  barlL,  in  forming  mats. 

(f«a.  Char,  Cahx  5-parted.  Petals  5.  Stamens  numerous,  free,  or  some- 
what polyadelphous.  Ovary  globose,  villous,  1-styled,  5-celled  ;  ceUs  2- 
ovoled.  Niti  coriaceous,  l-celled,  1 — Speeded,  from  abortion.  (Don's 
MiU.,  L  p.  540.) —  Timber  trees,  with  a  tough  fibrous  bark,  large  deciduous 
leaves,  mellifluous  flowers,  and  a  remarkable  bractea  attached  to  the  pe- 
duncle of  each  of  the  cymes  of  flowers.    Natives  of  Europe  and  North 


Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  cordate.  —  The  species  are 
three,  according  to  some  ;  and  more  than  twice  that  number,  according  to 
others.  Our  opinion  is,  that  they  may  be  all  mcluded  under  two,  T,  europse^ 
sod  7*.  americana. 

IE  1.  71  sDROPf^A  L,    The  European,  or  common^  Lime  Tree. 

MmtfcaUom.    Utn.  Sp.  733. j  Don's  Mill.,  1.  p.  AM. ;  Smith's  Epg.  Fl.,  3.  p.  16. 

Fjanaeiis.     T.  iatermidia  Dee.  Prod.  1 .  613. ;  or  7.  Tulgiris  Ha^ne  Dettd. ;  7.  eiirop«e^  boreili*  ^ 


ARBOREIUH    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRirANNICUM. 


^pec,  Ciar^  J^e.  Petali  without  scales.  Leaves  cordate,  Hcuminated,  mer- 
ratetl,  smooth,  except  a  tuft  of  bur  at  the  origin  of  the  vona  beneath,  twice 
the  length  of  the  petioles.  Cymes  many  •flowered.  Fruit  corbceous, 
downy.  (Don'i  Mill.)  A  large  deciduous  tree.  Europe,  and  Britun  in 
some  aborigiDBl  woods.  Height  60  ft.  to  90  ft.  Flo*ers  yellowish  white ; 
August  and  Scntember.  Fruit  yellow ;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  Icbtcs 
yellow,  or  yellowish  brown.     Naked   voung  wood  reddish,  or  yellowish 

Varietiei.  The  extensive  distribution  and  long  cultivation  of  this  tree  in 
Burope  have  given  rise  to  the  following  vanetiea,  or  races,  described  bj 
moat  botanists  as  species;  — 

A.  Varietia  differing  m  retptct  to  PoBage. 

I  T.  f .  1  pannfSlia.    T.  microph/Ua  Vent.,  tVUId.,  Dee.,  and  G.  Don  ;  T. 
e.  var.  7  £.  1   T.  uhoif&Iia  Scop. ;  T.  lylvistris  lietf. ;  T.  parvifolia 
Bhrh.,  Hayru  Demi. ;  T.  cordita  MUl. ;  TiUeul  k  petites  Feuilles 
Fr.  J   kldnblattrige  Linde.  or  Winteriinde,  Ger.     (Willd.  Holurt, 
t.  106.;   Engl.  Bot.,  t.  ITOA.;  and  our  j^.07.) 
—  Leaves  cordate,  roundish,  acuminated,  siiarply 
serrated  ;   smooth  above,  glaoeoua  and  bearded 
beneath  on  the  axils   of  the  veins,   as  well  as 
in  hwry  blotches.     Fruit  rather  globose,  hardly    ^ 
ribbed,  very  thin  and  brittle.     Native  of  Eurt^,  d 
in  sub-mountainous  woods  -,  in  England,  frequent   ' 
in  Essex  and  Sussex.   This  variety  is  distinguish-  ^ 
able,  at  liist  sight,  iVom  all  the  others,  by  the 
smallness  of  its  leaves,  which  are  only  about  Sin, 
broad,   and  sometimes  scarcely  longer  than  their 
(lender  footstalks.     The  flowers  are  also  much      "■  '■■'"t**"-- 
smaller  than  in  any  of  the  other  varieties  ;  they  expand  later ;  nai 
they  ore  very  fragrant,  having  a  scent  like  those  of  tne  honeysuckle 
There  was,  m  1834,  a  subvariet:^  of  this  in  the  garden  of  the  Ilort 
8oc.,  nnder  the  name  of  T.  parvifolia  glalJcs. 

T  T.  #.  8  gnm^dka.  T.  platyph^lla  Scop.;  T.  cordifolia  Bea.  ;  T 
europi^a  Detfi ;  T'^grandifolia  £irh.  and  Snulh ;  broad-leaved 
downy  Ume  Tree ;  lllleul  i  grandes  Feuilles,  or  TiUeul  Oe  Hot- 


TlhlKCEM:    TI'LIA. 


lande,  JV.  (Vent.  Diss.,  p.  6.  t.  I.f.  S. ;  the  piste  in  Arb.  Brit.,  tit 
edit,  vol.  T.  i  and  our  _fig.  98.)  —  LeavcB  cordate,  roundish, 
Bcuminfttfd,  sharplj  serrsted,  downy  beneath  i  origin  of  thdr  veins 
woolly.  Branchea  hairy.  Cymes  3-flowered.  Fruit  woodj'.  downy, 
turbinate,  with  5  prominent  angles.  This  tree  i.s  readily  distinguished 
from  7*.  e.  poni^lia  by  its  much  larger  and  rougher  leaves,  and,  also, 
t^  ill  rougher  bark  and  hispid  branches. 
T,  e.  a  mltmidia.  T.  intenn&lift  Hayne  ;  T.  plaiyphyila  minor 
Harl.  (The  plate  uf  thia  variety  in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol.  v.  -. 
ubA  our  fig.  09.)  —  Leftve*  iotennediate  between  T.  e.  grandifilia 


Mf 


■nd  T.  e.  pamfdlta.    This  varietv  is  the  i 

T.  e.  grandif&lla  in  the  South  of  Europe  ;  and  T.  e.  parriiblia  in  the 
North  of  Europe,  and  especially  in  Sweden. 
J  I.e.  ^  lachaata.  T.  platypb/lta  iaciniikta  Horl. ;  T.  URplenirolia 
nova  Hort.  (Ilie  plate  in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edition,  vol.  v. ;  and  our 
J^.  lOD.)  —  Leaves  deeply  and  irr^ularly  cut  and  twisted,  scarcelj 
two  oo  the  tree  bdng  alike.  Apparently  a  subvariety  of  T.  e.  par* 
nCUft.    Hdgbt  eo  or  30  feet. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


B.  VarieHet  diffenng  tn  tie  Colour  of  Ac  young  SAooU. 
Bach  of  the  Tariedea  included  in  Division  A  ntttj  have  mbrarieties  dit 
ferine  in  the  colour  of  the  young  wood;  but  we  shall  only  notice  those 
in  general  cultivslion. 

t  T.  e.  i  rhbra.  T.  coiinthlaca  Boie ;  T.  coiillina  Hort.  Kern. ;  T. 
europie'B  >?  nlbra  Sittorp  ;  7*.  europte'ii  y  Smmt'iFlor,  Bni.blX.; 
T.  i;rBndif61ia  ;3  Sm&'t  Eng.  Flora,  3.  19.  ~  Young  shoots  of  a 
Imgfat  red  i  apparently  a  vanety  of  T.  e.  intermUia. 
T  T.  e.  6  pamifSSa  airea.  (The  plate  in  Aril.  Brit,  1st.  edit.  toI.  t.  ; 
and  our  jl^.  101.)—  Young  ahoota  of  a  rich  yellow.  Hugbt  15  ft. 
to  20  ft. 


OOitr  FarieHet.    There  ii  a  variety  with  variegated  team,  but  it  is  auch  a 


X,    TILIA'CEJE:    TfLlA.  67 

ragged  ilI4ookiiig  plant  that  we  deem  it  altogether  unworthy  of  culture. 
Ho6t,  m  hia  Flora  Atutriaca,  has  the  following  names,  which  he  considers  as 
medes :  T.  vitifolia ;  corylifblia  ;  grandifolia  Sm» ;  corallina,  syn.  europse^a 
Hook,  Istmd, ;  mut&bilis  ;  l^te  bracteata  ;  prae'^cox  ;  pyramidalis  ;  inter- 
media ;  tenui^lia ;  obliqua ;  europs^  Sm, ;  parvifolia  Sm. ;  arg^ntea,  syn. 
ilba  WaltUL  et  Kit.  lam,  t.  3.  (FL  Aus.,  vol.  u.  p.  59—63.) 

The  wood  of  the  lime  tree  is  of  a  pale  yellow  or  white,  close-grained,  soft, 
Eght,  and  smooth,  and  not  attacked  by  insects.    It  weighs,  per  cubic  foot, 
vben  green,  55  lb. ;   half-dry,  45  lb. ;  and  dry,  37  lb. ;  and  it  loses  a  third 
part  of  its  weieht,  and  a  fourth  part  of  its  bulk,  by  drying.  (Baudrill,)    It  is 
used  by  pianoforte^makers  for  sounding-boards,  and  l^  cabinet-makers  for  a 
variety  ot  purposes.    It  is  carved  into  toys,  and  turned  into  domestic  utensils 
of  various  kinds,  and  into  small  boxes  for  the  apothecaries.     The  most  elegant 
Dse  to  which  it  is  applied  is  for  ornamental  carving,  for  which  it  is  superior  to 
erery  other  wood.    This  wood  is  s^d  to  make  excellent  charcoal  for  gun- 
powder ;  even  l)etter  than  alder,  and  nearly  as  good  as  hazel.    Baskets  and 
cradles  were  formerly  made  from  the  twigs ;  and  shoemakers  and  glovers  are 
ssad  to  prefer  planks  of  lime  tree  for  cutting  the  finer  kinds  of  leather  upon. 
The  leaves  of  tiie  lime  tree,  in  common  with  those  of  the  elm  and  the  poplar, 
vere  used,  both  in  a  dried  and  in  a  green  state,  for  feeding  cattle,  by  the  Ro- 
mans ;  and  they  are  still  collected  for  the  same  purpose  in  Sweden,  Norw'ay, 
Camiola,  and  Switzerland.    One  of  the  most  important  uses  of  the  lime  tree, 
ID  the  North  of  £nrope,  is  that  of  supplying  material  for  ropes  and  bast 
mats ;  the  latter  of  which  enter  extensively  into  European  commerce.    The 
Russian  peasants  weave  the  bark  of  the  young  shoots  for  the  upper  parts  of 
thdr  shoes,  the  outer  bark  serves  for  tlie  soles  ;  and  they  also  make  of  it, 
tied  together  with  strips  of  the  inner  bark,  baskets  and  boxes  for  domestic 
porposes.    The  outer  bark  of  old  trees  supplies  them,  like  that  of  the  birch, 
vito  tiles  for  covering  their  cottages.    Ropes  are  still  made  from  the  bark  of 
the  tree  in  Cornwall,  and  in  some  parts  of  Devonshire.     The  fishermen  of 
Sweden  make  nets  for  catching  fish  of  the  fibres  of  the  inner  bark,  separated, 
bj  Biaceration,  so  as  to  form  a  kind  of  flax  ;  and  the  shepherds  of  Carniola 
veave  a  coarse  cloth  of  it,  which  serves  them  for  :heir  ordinary  clothing.  The 
■p  of  the  lime  tree,  drawn  off  in  spring,  and  evaporated,  affords  a  considerable 
quantity  of  sugar.     The  honey  produced  by  the  flowers  is  considered  superior 
to  ail  other  kinds  for  its  delicacy.    London  and  Wise  recommended  the  lime 
tree,  as  preferable  to  the  elm,  for  sheltering  gardens  or  orchards  ;  because  the 
t>oC8  do  not,  like  those  ot  the  elm,  spread  out  and  impoverish  all  around  them. 
A  deep  and  rather  light  soil  is  recommended ;  but  the  largest  trees  are  ge- 
nerally found  in  a  good  loamy  soil.    In  dry  situations,  the  lime  never  attains 
t  large  sixe,  and  it  loses  its  leaves  earlier  than  any  other  tree.    Being  a  tree 
of  the  piams,  rather  than  of  the  mountains,  it  does  not  appear  suitable  for  ex- 
posed sor&ces :  but  it  requures  a  pure  air  rather  than  otherwise  ;  for,  though. 
It  is  foond  in  towns  on  the  Continent,  and  sparingly  so  in  Britain,  the  smoke 
of  mineral  coal  seems  more  injurious  to  it  than  it  is  to  the  platanus,  the  elm 
or  some  other  trees.     It  is  seldonf  propagated  otherwise  than  by  layers,  which 
•re  made  in  the  nurseries  in  autumn  and  winter  ;  and  which  become  rooted, 
10  as  to  admit  of  being  taken  off,  in  a  year.     The  tree  in  Britain  appears  sel- 
dom to  ripen  its  seeds. 

1  2.  7*.  (bur.)  a'lba  Waldtt.  4r  KU,    The  yrhite-l^aved  European  Lime  Tree, 


Wsltet.  and  Kit.  FI.  Hung. ;  Dod's  Hfll.  1.  p.  A63. 
r.  uneridboa  Dn  Rot ;   T.  arctetea  De^f.,  Dee,  Cat.  Hort.  Morup.t  and  Dee.  Prod.  1. 
Pi.  5&.;  T.  rocnwttAlla  Faa<.  and  N.  Du  Ham. ;  T.  tooientbia  Meench. 
b^mmn.  Waldst-andKit.  PI.  Hung.,  l.t.  2. ;  Wats.  Dend.,  t  71.;  Uie  plate  in  Arb.  Brit.,  Itt 
«it,T«LT.s  aadoar>^.  102. 

SpK,  Ckar^  4v«  Petals  each  with  a  scale  at  the  base  inside.  Leaves  cordate, 
mnewhat  acuminated,  and  rather  unequal  at  the  base,  serrated,  clothed  with 
white  down  beneath,  but  smooth  above,  4  tunes  longer  than  the  petiolea. 
Fmit  ovate,  writh  5  obscure  ribs.  {DofCt  AiUi,)    Fruit  evidently  ribbed. 

p  2 


ARBORBTUH    KT   FBUTICETITM  BBITANMICUM. 


(Steven.)  Hoit  !•]'•  that  he  has  alwmv>  found  the  calyx  S-aepaled,  and  the 
corolla  )2-petHled.  A  large  tree,  tiungary.  Height  30  ft.  to  50  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1767.  Flower*  yellowiib  wtile,  Tery  fragrant ;  June  to  August. 
Fruit  yellow  i  ri|)e  in  October. 

Our  own  opinion  is,  that  this  \*  nothing  more  than  a  very  diatinet  race  of 
the  common  lime  ;  notwithstanding;  the  circumstance  of  iti  having  scales  id  ita 
petHli,  which  no  one  of  the  other  varieties  uf  T.  europx^  is  sa:d  to  ponseaa. 
Even  allowing  this  strurture  to  be  permanent  in  the  Hungarinn  lime,  the  tree 
bears  such  a  general  resemblance  to  T.  ciiropsHi  in  all  its  main  features,  tbst 
it  seems  to  us  impossible  to  doubt  the  identity  of  their  orlfcin.  We  are 
strengthened  in  this  opinion  by  the  circumstance  of  its  being  found  only  in 
isolated  stations  in  the  Hungarian  furests.  We  have,  however,  placed  this 
lime  by  itself,  rather  than  among  the  other  varieties ;  because,  from  the  white- 
ness  of  its  foliage,  it  is  fiu*  more  obviously  distinct  than  T.  e.  grandifolia  or 
T.  e.  parvilblia.  The  tree  is  at  once  distin^ishable  from  all  the  other  species 
and  varieties  by  this  white  appearance,  even  at  a  considerable  distance,  and 
by  the  strikingly  snowy  hue  of  its  leaves  when  they  are  ruffled  by  the  wind. 
Its  wood  and  shoots  resemble  those  of  the  common  lime ;  but  it  does  Dot 
attain  the  same  height  as  that  tree. 

•t  3-   T.  AMERici'NA  L.     The  American  Ume  Tree. 
tmiffeellam.    I-hi.  gp..n3.;  Hart.K(>.i  WIIM.  Sp«.|  Tor.andGnT. 

Ahijiiwi.  T-.Klibrirnf.i  r.  cvolLnUni  K'«i|ina.  I  T  antiiaiii  iiictaux:  T.  lUtin  Dtr.. 
»fl^«-lt>BH)r,a«ID<>ii-(U'U.tltii-llnD«h.Wnd.<>rb1uk,  Uir«Tr».>iKlBu<Winl..«rKr. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Petals  each  with  a  scale  at  the  base,  inside.  Leaves  pro- 
foundly cordate,  abruptly  acuminate,  sharply  serrated,  somewhat  coriaceous, 
smooth.  Petals  truncate  and  crenate  at  the  apex,  equal  in  length  to  the 
style.  Fruit  ovate,  somewhat  ribbed.  (Don'i  Mill.)  A  large  tree.  Canada, 
Virginia,  and  Georgia.  Height  TO h.  to  80  f^  in  America  ;  in  EnglBnd,60 ft. 
to  TO  h.  Introduced  in  17^8.  Flowers  yellowish  white  ;  July  and  August. 
Pnut  the  size  of  a  large  pea,  yellow ;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  Imtcs 
jellowiih  brown.    Naked  young  wood  daA  brown. 


x.    Tilia'ckm:    TfUA.  69 

faitia.  Umbc  wbicfa  we  •hall  give  m  mich  an  described  io  the  Fbn  of 
Torrej  and  Grajp  aa  species ;  but  with  the  Ibllowing  remark,  which  we  think 
ibllf  justifies  us  in  not  considering  them  mare  specifically  distinct  than  the 
different  allied  ipecies  of  the  Euro[iean  lime.  "  There  is  great  uncertainty 
Topcctine  the  sjtionymes.  Indeed,  nearly  all  the  character*  which  have 
bttn  cfnpToyed  for  distinguishing  ihem  are  either  inconstant,  or  are  common 
to  Ilteoi  alL  A  cuerut  examination  of  the  Sowera  in  the  living  plants  may 
■flnrd  more  certain  marks  of  discrimination.* 

T  T.  B,  2  hetenph^Ua.  T.  heterophyila  Vent.,  PurA,  Bee.  Prod.,  Tar. 
^  Gray. —  A  tree  of  30  fi.  lo  50  ft.  high,  found  on  the  banks  of  the 
Ohio  and  Hississippi,  and  introduced  in  1811.  Leaves  glabrous  and 
dctf>  green  above,  very  white  and  velvety  lomentose  beneath  ;  the 
veins  dark-coloured,  and  nearly  glabrous,  with  coarse  mucrooate  scr- 
nturef.  Petals  obtuse,  crenuiate.  Slaminodia  spatulnte,  entire. 
Style  hairy  at  the  base.  {Tor.  and  Gray,  i.  p.  240,}  Leaven  4  in. 
lo  Sin.  in  diameter,  very  oblique,  and  more  or  less  cordate,  with  a 
riiort  abrupt  acumination ;  somewhat  shining  above  :  the  veins  on 
the  under  nirfiice  very  conspicuous,  in  contrast  with  the  white  pu- 
bescence.    Cjtae  few-flowered,  loos&    Stjle  longer  than  the  petals. 

(m.) 

t  T.  a.  3  aOa.  T.  alba  MiiAx.,  Tor,  ^  Gray ;  T.  laxiflora  Purth.  (The 
Dlateofthia  tree  in  Art*. Brit.,  lit  ed.,  vol.  v.;  and  our^.  103.J— A 


la^e  tree  b  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland.  Height  30  ft.  to  50  (L  ' 
Introduced  in  1S30.  Ploweni  yellowish  white,  very  pale  ;  June. 
Leaves  3  in.  to  4  in.  in  diameter,  with  a  short  abrupt  acumination, 
cordate,  somewhat  unequal  at  the  base ;  the  under  surface  rather 
thinly  pubescent,  very  pale,  but  scarcely  white.  Staminodia  fscalcs) 
two  thu-ds  the  tengtil  of  the  petals.  Filaments  blightly  pentadel- 
phous.  (Tar.  and  Gray,  i.  p.  S40.)  We  have  only  seen  this  tree  in 
the  R  S.,  where,  10  years  planted,  it  was  about  10  ft.  high  in  1837. 
t  T.  a.  ipubiieeni.  T.  pubescens  .iif.,  Vent.,  Tor.  ^  Gray.  (The  plate 
of  thi»  treein  Arb.  Bnt,,  Isted.,  vol.  v.;  and  our  j^.  104.)  —  A  lai^ 
tree  found  in  Carolina  and  Florida,  along  the  sea  coast.  Height 
SO  ft.  to  70  ft.  Introduced  in  1726.  Flowers  pale  yellow  ;  June. 
Leaves  3  la.  to  4  ia.  in  diameter ;  the  under  surface,  when  young, 
rather  p^er  than  the  upper,  but  at  length  nearly  the  same  cobur; 
»  broad  and  ifaort.  (Tor.  and  Gray,  i.  p.  240.) 


AKBUKKTUM    ET    I'RUTICEIUM    1 


/ 


On  a  ^neral  view  of  the  trees,  the  inot>t  obvious  exteniai  difierential  ch>- 
rBcterJBtics  of  the  European  anil  Ainericsn  limes  appear  to  ua  to  be,  that 
the  former  have  rei<ulany  cotdate,  and  the  latter  obliquely  cordate,  learet. 
The  other  American  limes  we  consider  to  be  nothing  more  than  vnrietiea  of 
this  GpecieH.  La^erR.  Tbeiie  trees  only  thrive  in  warm  sheltered  siluauons. 
Tlie  American  lime  is  readilj'  distin^ished  from  the  European  limes  bf  the 
lergeness  of  its  leaves,  wbicb  are  3  in.  to  4  in.  wide,  heart-shaped,  acutdy 


pointed,  covBely  and  mucronately  serrated,  deep  green  and  glabrous  on  &at 
upper  sides,  and  pale  green  beneath.  Some  oi  them  have  a  tendency  to  be 
slightly  pubescent ;  but  they  are  generally  smooth  and  shining.  In  winter, 
this  S))ecie$  is  readily  recognised  by  the  robust  appearance  of  »ie  trunk  and 
branchifS,  and  by  the  dark-brown  colour  of  tlie  bu'k  on  the  young  ahoott. 
Tills  circumstance  alone  ia  a  very  marked  distinction ;  and  has,  no  doubt,  pro- 
cured for  the  species  the  name  ^  the  black  lime  tree. 


XI.  TERNSTROM/^ Vi:^  :  MALACHODE^NDUON. 


71 


Otker  American  Limes.  —  T.  p,  Uptoph^Ua  Vent,  is  mentioned  by  Torrey  and 
Gib/  as  havuig  the  leaves  very  thin  and  papyraceous.  There  were  in  1834 
oCberTBrieties  in  the  H.  S.  O.,  but  the  plants  had  not  attained  sufficient  size  to 
eoable  us  to  state  any  thing  with  certainty  respecting  them.  All  the  species 
and  Tsriedes  of  American  limes  are  delicate  in  this  country  ;  they  are  readily 
iDJured  by  spring  frosts,  but,  where  they  thrive,  are  readily  distinguished  from 
other  limes  by  their  very  large  cordate  leaves,  and  rough  bark,  even  on  the 
^oiiiig  wood.  Some  of  the  oldest  and  largest  American  limes  in  England  are 
a  G^toQ  Park,  Surrey,  near  the  lake ;  and  at  Croome,  near  Upton  upon 
Serern.  There  is  an  old  tree,  also,  at  Purser's  Cross,  Fuiham  ;  and  a  r»- 
fflBrkaUy  handaoine  young  tree  at  White  Knights. 


Order  XI.    TERNSTROMI^Ci-^ 

Osjk  Chajl  Cafyx  with  an  imlnicate  aestivation.  Skment  with  filaments 
moQsdelphotts  or  polyadelphous,  and  anthers  S-celled  to  4-celled.  —  Trees 
and  shrubs  of  warm  climates. 

Ltave*  ample,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen;  mostly 
coriaceons,  now  and  then  with  pellucid  dots.  Flowers  axillary,  large, 
showy.  —  The  hardy  genera  in  British  gardens  are  Malachod^ndron,  Stu- 
&itia,  and  Gorddnta ;  which  are  thus  contradistinguished  :  — 

Malacbodb^ndron  Cao,    Calyx  unibracteate.    Styles  free.    Carpels  capsular, 

5^  connected. 
SroA^BTii  Cav.    Sepab  connected,  bibracteate.     Style  1.    Capsule  5-celled, 

5-valFed.    Seeds  wingless. 
GoEDo'N/if  EUis.     S^ils  disdnct.     Style  1.    Capsule  6-celled,  6-valved. 

Seeds  winged. 

Genus  I. 


±1 


\M. 


HALACHODE'NDRON  Cav.     Thb  Malachodrndbon. 

Monad^phia  Poly&ndria. 


Cat.  DIsi.,  S.  p.  60S. ;  Dec  Prod.«  1.  p.  US. ;  Don's  MDL,  1.  p.  67S. 
Wmaifma.    Stoirt/a  L'Hfait. ;  Stew4rtui  L. 

utrkitia^    Frooi  maUkM^  aoft,  and  dendron^  a  tree ;  in  alliulon,  perhaps,  to  the  quality  of  the 
timber ;  or,  possibly,  from  the  flowers  resembling  those  of  Uie  mallow,  the  Greek  name  for  which 

ill    • 


GtfL,  Ckar.  Calyx  5-cleft,  furnished  with  two  bracteas  at  the  base.  Petals 
5,  with  a  crenulate  limb.  Ovary  5-furrowed.  Styles  5,  unconnected.  Stigmas 
capitate.  Carpels  5,  capsular,  connected,  1-seeded.  Seeds  unknown. 
(iW<  Mill,)  —  A  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree ;  native  of  North  America. 
Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous.  Flowers  axiUary,  so- 
litary, large,  snowy. 

^  ft  I.  Malachode^ndron  ova^tum  Cav,  The  ovvX^-ieaved  Malachodendron. 


Cav.,  1.  c  ;  Undl.  Bot  Reg. ;  Don's  Mill.,  1.  p.  STS. 
%gMM.    Stttfirt/a  pentagfnia  VEtrU, ;  Stewtrttfa  Malaehodtodron  Um, ;  Stewtrtls  k  dnq 

lyaw'^j.'   Smith's  ExoC.  Bot,  1. 101.;  N.  Du  Ham.  toI.  tL  t  44.;  Bot.  Reg.,  t.  IIM.  {  ttdoar 
^  106k  of  a  pimt  in  flower,  and>%.  107.  of  a  shoot  flrom  a  stool. 

^ec,  O^^  ^e.  Leaves  ovate,  acuminated.  Flowers  axillary,  solitary,  almost 
■esnle.  Petals  waved,  cut,  of  a  pale  cream-colour.  (Don't  MiU,)  A  de- 
dduous  tree ;  in  Bngland,  a  large  snrnb.  North  Carolina  to  Geonda.  Height 

F  4 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUM. 

7  ft.  to  18  ft.  Introduced  in  1795.  Flowers 
arge,  white ;  Julf  and  August.  C^miles 
brownish ;  ripe  in  September.  Decaj'ing 
leaves  purphsh  brown.  Naked  ;oung 
wood  dark  brown. 

The  Boil  in  which  it  is  generally  grown  i 
is  a  mixture  of  loam  and  peat,  in  which  ( 
the  latter  prevails  ;  but,  in  the  Mile  End 
Nursery,  ic  shoots  rizorously,  and  flowers 
freely,  in  deep  sandy  foBin.  The  situation 
should  be  sheltered ;  and  shaded  rather 
than  otherwise.     The  usual  mode  of  pro- 

ia  by  layers;  and  the  stools  are     '•>-  "- 
luring  winter,  by  mats. 

Genus  II. 


sa 


BTUA'RT/^  Ca*.    Tbb  Stuibtia.    Lm.  Syit.  Monadflphia  PenC&ndrk. 

.    C-Uia-.S-p'S^i  D«'I'r<iit..].|i.na.;  Don'il 


Dfrnnlimt-    Nimed  In  honour  of  Jalm  Sluarl,  Muijuiw  of  BuU,  Ibi  pUron  ot  Sir  Jobs  BIO,  ud 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  permanent,  5-eleft,  rarely  S-parted,  fiimishcd  with  two  linc> 
teas  at  the  base.  Pelatt  5.  Ooaru  rounuish,  Slvle  I,  (ilirorm,  crowned 
by  a  capitate  5-lobed  stigma.  Capnde  woody,  5-cellecl,  fl-valved ;  cells  1 — 2- 
seeded.     Seedi  wingless,  ovate,  even.    (Don'i  MiU.) 

heaeei  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  ileuiduous;  ovate,  acute.      Flowert 

__■!!__    .-i:.__.    I •     J J i._..i.     -.1 ._._    __^_.g|jf    JJorth 

A  Cao.     The  Virginian  Stuartia. 

1..  1.  p.  »7». 

.!>..  9S1.1  atutrtto  MriLtoJIa  Bet.  Hip,  i  Stasiitli 
nlid)  Sluutle.Gcr. 
■*  -     ■"     -' -mfy.im.  otttaunlaaawm,  moi  Jli. 


^>ec.  Ouv.,  ifc.  Fbwers  large,  white,  with  purple  filaments  and  blue  anther^ 
usually  in  pairs.  Leaves  ovate,  acute.  Petals  entire.  (Don't  ARIL}  A 
deciduous  shrub    ^rginia  to  Carolina,  in  iwamps.    Height  6  ft.  to  8  ft. 


XI.   TEENSTKOH/jf  (.'£^:    OORDoW^.  73 

iDtmduced  in  1743.    Flower*  large,  white ;  Jul;  to  September.     Capaulei 

bttncniih ;  ripe  in  Octobo'.   Decaying  Icstcs  rcddLih  brown.    Naked  young 

Tood  dvk  brown. 

Tbe  general  appeaimnce  of  tlie  plant  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  preceding 
Kous;  but  it  forms  a  smaller  buah,  end  the  foliage  lias  a  redder  hue.  The 
nmeni  are  of  the  same  size,  white,  with  crisped  pietalfi,  purple  filaments,  and 
blue  aothers.  This  plant  is  not  so  extensively  cultivated  as  the  other,  from 
its  being  more  tender,  and  of  somewhat  slower  growth  ;  but  its  beauty,  and 
tbe  circiiat!>Tance  of  its  flowering  from  July  lo  September,  when  but  few  trees 
or  shrubs  are  in  blossom,  render  it  desirable  for  ever)'  collection.  It  thrive! 
best  in  ■  peat  toil,  kept  moist ;  but  it  will  also  grow  in  deep  moiat  tuid. 


lii 


Gemus  III. 


OOKDCFKIA   ESSm.      Th«   Gohikimu.      ZJk.   Syri.    Monadelphi* 
Polyindria. 

J*M»«tfa».    E»l«.lllPMLTl«M.,  (7r>XiD«-Pr«d.  iL^ftM.iDm'lMlll.,  l.tLWl 

Crt-Clar.  Ca/ji  of  5  rounded  coriaceous  aepals.  Pe(o/»  3,  somewhat  adnate 
10  the  ureeolus  of  ihe  stamens.  S/yfe  crowned  by  a  peltate  5-lobed  stigma. 
Capala  Swelled,  5-valved  ;  lella  2 — 4-seeded.  Scedi  ending  in  a  leafy 
wing  filed  lo  the  central  column,  filiform.  (Ddb'i  MUL) 

Lema  simple,  alternate,  exslipukte,  sub -evergreen  or  deciduous ;  serrated 
or  ne«rlj  entire.  Floweri  aiillary  (or  terminal),  solitary,  large.  —  Trees 
or  ibnilis,  nib-evergreen  or  deciduous ;  natives  of  North  America. 

•  ■  I.  OoRDO^nu  Lasi&'ntrus   L.     The  wooUy-flowered  Qordonia,   or 

Loblolly  Bay. 
Ul^^aNm.     Ub.  Hut.,  aO.  :  Dee.  Prod.,  1.  p.  MS.  1   Dcm-l  HOI..  I.  p.  HI.  i   Tor.  ud  Qaj. 

^i^^mn.    ^FP^iieuD  LaiHothiu  I*i.  Sm.  1101..  OiUti-  Card.  1.  t. «.,  FKA.  Amattk.  t.«M.  i 

<lin*ii*iiP*ulllet»liilirei,«Dililct.diil»norl<le,  Ft,  J  lingiUtllfi  GotdonK  Otr. 
&(rMta|f.    CaT.DUi..S.t.  ITl.;  Bo(.  Mv.tEM.i  uidDur.^.110. 

Sftc.  Ckar^  ^e.     Pedicda  aiillarj-,  usually  shorter  than  the  leavei.     LeAves 
oUm^  coriaceous,  imooih,  serrated.     Calyx  silky,     Cfqjsulea  conoid,  bcu- 
ntnated.   {Dm'i  MiiL)     A  flut*vergreen   trees   in 
England  a  shrub,  deciduous  in  dry  soils,  but  retain-  , 
■i^  its  leaves  in  warm  moist  situations.    Virginia  to 
FloridB,  in  swamps.     Heirfit  50  ft.  to  80  fl.  in  Ame- 
rica; 8fl.  to  10ft.  in  England.     Introduced  in  1739. 
Flowers  white,  4  in.  across,  scented;  July  and  August. 
CaiMuie  oval,  brownish ;  ripe  in  September. 
Trank  ittaight     This  most  beautifully  flowering  plant 

nil  deserves  to  have  a  euituble  soil  prepared  for  it, 

•nd  to  be  treated  with  more  care  after  it  is  planted  than 

^  sf^ieBn  to  have  hitherto  received  in  England.     The 

nil  ought  to  be  peat,  or  leaf-mould  and  sand  ;  and  it 

dwuld  be  so  circumstanced  as  always  to  be  kept  moisL     Layers  or  American 

nds. 

•  a.  G.  PUBB'aCBHa  L'Her.     The  pubescent  Oordonia. 

ft'  Ifi^ilt.    L'Hs.  Stini.,p.lB6.i  D«.PH>d.,l.p.CK.;  DWi  IDU.,  L  p.  sn.  I  Tsr.udOmr. 
1 '^  LttMitt  ViUi  Sdl.   Ft.  LemL  L  K  i  Frukllnte  uiunelu  Man*. :  tb*  Fimk- 

&f~%>. '  W  Flor.  !«■<.,  L  M. ;  iOdu,  t.  M. ;  ud  BSt  A^  111. 


74  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 

Spec.  Char,,  S^c,  Flowers  almost  sessile.  Leaves  obovate- 
lanceolate,  pubescent  beneath,  somewhat  serrated, 
membranaceous.  Petals  and  sepals  rather  silky  on  the 
outside.  {DofCi  Miil,)  A  deciduous  tree  in  America, 
in  Britain  a  shrub.  Oeorj;ia  and  Florida.  Height  in 
America  30  ft.  to  50  ft. ;  in  England  4  ft.  to  6  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1774.  Flowers  large,  white,  ftagrant,  3  in. 
across,  with  yellow  filaments ;  May  to  August.  Capsule 
globose,  brownish  ;  ripe  in  October. 

Somewhat  hardier  than  the  preceding  species,  but 
requiring  the  same  general  treatment. 


Order  XII.     fiTPERICA'CEiE. 

Ord.  Char.  Sepals  4  or  5,  unequal,  with  an  imbricate  aestiration.  Stamens,  in 
nearly  all,  numerous,  and  in  3  or  more  parcels.  Fruit,  a  capsule  or  berry  of 
many  valves  and  many  cells  ;  the  edges  of  the  valves  curved  inwards.  &fedt 
attached  to  a  placenta  in  the  axis,  or  on  the  inner  edge  of  the  dissepiments. 
Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen  ;  entire,  co- 
piouslv  dotted  with  immersed,  pellucid,  resinous  glands.  Flowers  terminal 
or  axillary,  generally  yellow.  Sap  yellow,  resinous. —  Shrubs,  natives  of 
Europe,  North  America,  and  Asia.  The  genera  in  British  gardens  are  two, 
which  are  thus  contradistinguished :  — 

Hvpe'ricum  L.    Capsule  membranous.     Stamens  polyadelphous. 
i^NDRos^^MUM  Ckois,    Capsule  baccate.     Stamens  monadelphous. 

Genus  I. 


□□ 


mrPE'RICUM  L.    The  St.  John's  Wort.  Lin.  Syst.  Polyad^lph.  Poly4nd. 

Ident0eali<m.    Lin.  Gen.,  392. ;  Juu.,  855.  ;  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  64S. ;  Don's  IflU.,  l.p.  601. 

AvnoMyifiM.    Fuga  Damonum ;  Mille  PertuU,  Fr. ;  Johannitkraat,  Ofr. ;  Iperioo,  itai. 

DtrwUiotu.  The  name  of  HypMcnm  is  as  old  as  the  time  of  Diosooridet ;  oat  Its  origin  and  mean- 
ing are  uncertain.  Some  denVe  it  from  the  Greek  words  Auywr,  under,  and  eikon,  an  Image ;  and 
suppose  it  to  signify  that  the  upper  part  of  the  flower  represents  a  figure.  Others  state  that  kt^po" 
signifies  through,  and  that  the  name  alludes  to  the  pellucid  dots  in  the  leaves,  which  form  small 
lenses,  through  which,  when  held  up  to  the  light.  Images  might  be  seen.  The  French  name  of  the 
plant.  Mllle  rertuls,  a  thousand  pores,  is  erldently  derived  from  the  same  source.  The  English 
name,  St.  J(rfm*s  wort,  and  the  German  one,  Johanniskraut,  are  taken  ftrom  the  country  people 
formerly,  both  in  England  and  Germany,  being  in  the  habit  of  gathering  this  plant  on  St.  John's 
day,  to  use  it  to  protect  themselves  from  evil  spirits.  This  plant,  with  some  otiiers,  was  emnlorcd 
to  make  what  was  called  John's  fire,  which  was  supposed  to  be  a  security,  for  those  who  kindled  It, 
against  witchcraft  aud  all  attacks  of  demons.  For  this  reason,  also,  the  J7yp4ricam  received  the 
name  of  Fuga  Dasmonum. 

Gen.  Char.  Capsules  membranous.  Stamens  numerous,  free  or  joined  at 
the  bases  into  3  or  5  bundles.  Petals  5.  Sepals  5,  more  or  less  connected 
at  the  base,  unequal,  rarely  equal.  Sti/les  3  to  5,  rarely  connate  in  one, 
permanent.  Capxu/ff  1- or  many-celled,  man^-seeded,  3— -5-valTed.  Integu- 
ment of  seed  double.  Embryo  with  the  radicle  situated  at  the  umbilicus, 
and  with  semicylindrical  cotyledons.  (DorCs  Mill.) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  sub-evergreen  or  deciduous;  ovate- 
oblong  or  lanceolate,  sessile  or  subsessile,  usually  full  of  pellucid  dots  on 
their  disks,  and  some  dark  ones  on  their  edges,  lodging  an  essential  oil. 
Flowers  terminal,  racemose,  yeUow.  —  Low  sub-evergreen  shrubs ;  natives 
of  Europe,  North  America,  and  Asia ;  of  easy  culture  in  common  soil ; 
and  propagated  by  division,  suckers,  cuttings,  or  seeds. 


xii.  htpsmca'czx:  irvPi'aicuM. 
j  L   Atcyrmi  Chois.  Prod.  Hyp. 


□□□ 


DtrmHtm.    Fnm  ^  nut,  wdltwH^  hvd;  OM  k  la  Bf,  plutl  nft 

Sttt  Char.    Sepals  connected  Bt  the  bue,  and  unequaL     Stamens  i 
Sljlea  3  to  5.  Flowen  terminal,  laree,  Tew,  nib-carfmbose.   {DotCi  JUUl., 
i.^60l.) 

A.  Styta  comraonfy  3. 
•  ■  I.  H.  ■u'TCii  Ait.     The  tall  St.  John's  Wort. 

""•9'^'^    *"-  "Oft  Kmt..  (d.  ».  ™i.».  p.  104. 1  Don'i  MDL,  1. 
^  «;.  1  Tuf.  id  Gr^.  I.Ji.  IM. 

Spee.  Our.,  4«.  Younger  ctems  reddiah.  Leaves  ovate- 
«bbni^  acuiev  dilated  at  the  base,  somewhat  emar- 
giiml^intb  the  margins  somewhat  revolute.  FloKer? 
corfinboiie.  Peduncles  bibiaceeate.  Sepals  ovate- 
MiBg.  (DcTt'i  Miil.)  Asub-eyergreea  shrub.  North 
Anwrica.  H^t  3  ft.  to  5  ft.  Introduced  in  1768. 
Flowos  jellow ;  July  and  August.  Capsule  r«ddish 
brown;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves  yellowish.  i>t-  Itti'^'Mam. 
Ma.i.H.  HLRcf  NUM  L.   The  Goat-scented  St.  John's  Wort. 

VrK^ttUta.    Ud.  Sp..  lira.,  Don-iUitl.   I.p  603 

tMfm.     TiigiiDB  Oh.  1    .^ndroiKliiuni  &tldiun  Bmk.,  Fork,  ud 

ttptit-gi.    ScfakDhr  Hudli.  a.  t  SW.  f.  a.  I   W«».  Deod.  Bill    t.  s  ■ 

V*.  Char.,  ire.  Branches  winged.  Leaves  somewhat 
emarpaate  at  the  base,  dilated,  sessile,  acute  at  the 
»pei,  □TaCe-hnceolate,  with  ^andular  margins.  Pe- 
dnndea  bibracteate.  Stamens  eiceeding  the  corolla  in 
length.  Seeds  8,  appendiculated,  (Don't  MiU.)  A  de- 
aduouaorsub-evergreenundershnib.  Sea  coast  of  Spain. 
He^t  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1640.  Flowers  yellow ; 
Julj to  September.  Capsule  reddish  brown;  ripe  in  Oc- 
tober. The  leaves  of  this  species,  when  bruised,  have  a  very  disagreeable 
smell,  resembliog  that  of  a  goat,  whence  its  name, 

'  B-  H.  A.  8   obluiifolium  Dec—  Leaves   blunter 

than  the  species.     Found  on  the  mouDtains  of 

Corsica,  on  humid  rodca. 
.■  ■.  H.  A.  3  Dinuu  Dec.  is  a  smaller  plant  than  the 

others,  figured  in  Dend.  BrU.  t.  87. 


*  ^  H.  Kaimia'. 


Slyiei  eommonly  5. 
UM  L.     Kahn's  St.  John's  Wort. 
a.  p.  431.  i  Don't  Ulll.,  ].p.Ga3. ;  Tor.  w 
■I  Mm. ,  VlrgJnlii  St.  JoliD'i  Won. 


Spec.  Char.,  4^.  Branches  tetragonal.  Leaves  linear- 
lanceolate.  Flowers  3  to  T,  in  a  tennin^d  cotymb.  8a- 
paia  lanceolate,  bluntish.  (On^i  Mill.)  A  sub-ever- 
peen  nndenbrub.  Canada  to  Virginia.  Height  It  ft, 
n  America ;  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  in  England.  Introduced  in 
1759.  Flower*  yellow ;  June  and  July.  Capsule  red- 
<Mi  brown ;  ripe  io  October. 


76 


ARBORETUM    £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


A  neat  compact  bush,  one  of  the  most  ornameDtal  of  the  hardy  species  of 
the  eenus.  The  general  hue  of  the  entire  plant  is  yellow,  and  the  calyxes 
and  tne  capsule,  before  they  ore  ripe,  particularly  &o.  Flowers  very  numerous, 
in  upright  raceme-like  corymbs. 

J*  «.  4.  JT.  Ur/'LUM  Ham.    The  Urala  St  John's  Wort 

Identification.    D.  Don  Prod.  Nep.,  p.  218. ;  Don*t  Mill.,  I.  p.  SOS. 
Derivation,    From  its  name,  VreUa  tuta^  in  the  Newar  language. 
Engraving*.    BoC.  Mag.,  t.  2S76. ;  and  wxrfig.  115. 

^cc,  ChaT,y  4*0.  Branches  compressed,  2-edged. 
Leaves  elliptical,  roucronulate,  smooth,  shining. 
Flowers  terminal,  somewhat  corymbose.  Sepak 
oval,  very  blunt.  Petals  orbicular.  Styles  shorter 
than  the  stamens.  {Don^t  MM,)  A  neat  sub-ever- 
green undershrub.  Nepal,  on  the  tops  of  mountains. 
Height  2  ft.  Introduced  in  1823.  Flowers  yel- 
low ;  July  to  September.  Capsule  reddish  brown ; 
ripe  in  October. 

In  mild  situations,  and  on  a  dry  soil,  it  may  safely  be  left  through  the  winter 
without  any  protection ;  but  this  should  not  be  the  case  where  the  situation 
is  cold,  and  tne  soil  tenacious  or  humid. 

A»  5.  H,  CALTCi^UM  L,    The  ib^^^calyxed  St.  John's  Wort. 

Uauaication.  Lin.  Mant,  106. ;  'WiUd.,  3.  p.  1442.;  Hook.  Scot.,  221.;  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.A46^i 
Smith's  Eng.  FL,  3.  p.  823. ;  and  Don's  Hill.,  1.  p.  603. 

Sifnonifmet.  ifndroesB  mum constantlnopolltlLnum  fibre  m4xImo,  Wheder*iJommeift^M.\  the  Itff** 
flowered  St.  John's  Wort;  the  large-flowering  Tutsan :  the  terrestrial  Sun ;  Aaron's  B«ard ;  MiUt 
Pertuis  k  grandes  Fleuni,  Fr. ;  grossblumiger  Johanniskraut,  Ger. ;  Asciro  Ital.  • 

Derivation.  This  species  was  called  ifndrosseVium  by  the  old  writers  on  botany,  on  account  of  the 
tinge  of  red  in  dilFercnt  places  on  the  stems,  and  the  redness  of  the  anthers,  which  were  supposed 
to  give  it  the  appearance  of  being  spotted  with  blood.  It  was  called  Constantinopolitan  from  Its 
having  been  found  near  that  city, in  1676,  by  Sir  George  Wheeler,  Bart.  The  large  sixe  of  its 
flowers  is  remarkable,  and  has  given  rise  to  most  of  its  other  names.  The  name  of  the  Terrestrial 
Sun  isvenr  appropriate  to  the  large  golden  flowers,  with  their  long  ray-like  stamens,  lying  glittering 
on  a  bed  or  dark  green  shining  leaves,  which  spread  over  the  surface  of  the  ground.  The 
number  and  length  of  the  stamens  are,  doubtless,  also  the  origin  of  the  name  of  Aaron's  Beard. 

Engravings.    Eng.  Hot,  v.  29.  t3017. ;  Bot.  Hag.,  t.  14G. ;  and  our/!^.  116. 

Spec.  Char.,  8fc.  Stem  tetragonal,  dwarf.  Leaves  ovate,  coriaceous,  broad,  full 
of  pellucid  dots.  Flowers  laree,  terminal,  solitary.  Sepals  large,  obovate, 
spreading;  capsule  nodding.  {Don*t  Mill,)  A  beautiful  little  ever^een 
undershrub,  with  dark  green  shining  leaves.  Levant,  Olympus,  Bntain, 
on  the  western  coast  of  Scotland,  and  in  Ireland  near 
Cork,  in  woods.  Height  1  ft.  to  1|  ft.  Flowers  of  a 
bright  golden  yellow,  with  innumerable  reddish  tre- 
mulous anthers ;  June  to  September.  Capsule  reddish 
brown  ;  ripe  in  October. 


Valuable  for  covering  banks,  rockwork,  or  the  surface 
of  the  ground  in  old  shrubberies  or  picturesque  woods, 
especially  for  the  latter  purpose,  as  it  thrives  perfectly  well 
under  the  drip  and  shade  ot  trees.  The  root  creeps,  and  a 
small  plant  wUl  soon  extend  itself  in  every  direction,  espe- 
cially if  the  soil  be  light,  so  as  to  cover  a  great  many 
square  yards  in  a  very  short  space  of  time.  It  is  an  excellent  shelter  for 
game.     It*  may  be  reaidily  increased  to  any  extent  by  division. 

$  ii.     Perforiria  Chois. 


□ 


UenHfiealiom,    Choto.  Prod.  Hyp.,  p.  4«. ;  Dee.  Prod.,  I.  pi  M6. }  Don^  MllL,  I.  p.  SOt. 
DerwoMiom.    From  perfaratuB^  perforated:  because  the  learet  are  Aill  of  pellttcid  dota,  wlridi  ii««s 
then  the  appearance  of  being  QerfiBratwL 


XII.    ffYFERICA  CE4:  :    -*NDROS.eMUM. 


^  _.     jT  undenhrubs.     Flowera 

_    _  _  1  panicled  corymbs.     Leave*  rarely  linear.    (Dm'* 

Mil.)    Uoderihiubs,  from  1  ft.  to  3  ft.  in  height. 
A.   Sepab  entire. 
M  w.  6.  B.  PRoLi'picuM  L.    The  prolific  St.  John'i  Wort. 

^^mma.    B.  MMtam  Jacq.,  Hart.  SdOmhr.  (.  p.  IT.  i  H.  Ki1ni*(iHM    I 
EbtiHV-    WUl  Dad.  Brit,  t.  H.  i  Jacq.  Hart.  Bch&b..  c  MB. ;  md  - 

Spec.Char.,^     Stem  round.    Branches  angular.    LeaTCq 

linem'-IuiccDlate,   vilh  revolute   edge*,   full  of  pellucid 

dots.    Corjuibs  few-flowered.     Sepals  ovate-Ian ceolate, 

Uimena  veiy  numerous.     Styles  usually  connected  to> 

Rther.    {poa't  Mil/)     A  sub-cTervreen  shrub.     New 

Jtney  to  Florida,  in  •vramps.     Height  1  ft.  to  4  ft.     In- 

tnniuced  in  1758.     Flowers  yellow  ;  June  to  August. 

Capsule  reddish  brown;  ripe  in  October.  ii>.  t.tnuatm. 

Frequent  in  gardens,  and  forming  a  dense  leafy  bush,  covered  with  flowers 
|nat  part  of  the  summer,  and  with  seed-puds  in  the  autumn.  Readily 
diitia^ished  from  H.  KalmuRum,  by  the  leaves,  bracts,  and  sepals  being 
much  EDOother  and  shining. 

B.  SepaU  toothed,  luuaUj/  tmlA  the  Tedh  glanduiar. 
s  7.  if.  AiPETBiFo'uuii  WM.     The  EmpetrumJeaved  St.  John's  Wort. 

UnUfttlilm.    WDJd.  ap«.,t.p.lWl;  Don'lHllL.l.p.SIO.  ('h 

Upmimt,-    I>aild.BrU.,I.l<l.  lUdouIJV-lia.  J^&l     f^AfR^ 

Spet.  Oiar.,  ^c.   Stems  Buflhiticosc,  round,  with  subulate 

bnnchlets.      Leaves   linear,  ternary,  with   revolute 

mannas.  Calyx  small,  obtuse.   Petals  without  glands. 

{Doa'i  MilL)    A  neat  little  evergreen  shrub.     South  * 

of  Europe:,  near  the  Mediterranean ;  and  in  Greece.  -, 

Height  1  ft.  to  8  ft.     Introduced  in  1820.      Flowers  i 

yellow ;  May  to  August. 

One  of  the  neatest  species  of  the  genua,  but  lomc- 
wiiat  tender. 

OiktT  ^>eaet  of  'B.mincvm.  —  The  only  truly  hardy  shrubby  species  of 
ifjpericoin  are,  H.  elatuin,  H.  hircinum,  it.  calyclnum,  H.  KalmunHXi,  and 
B.  prolfficum.  The  other  hardy  species  are  of  such  low  growth,  that  they 
Biy  be  considered,  for  all  practical  purposes,  as  herbaceous  plants.  H. 
•epakne  Hoyle  appeared  to  be  hardy  in  the  Hon.  Soc.  Garden,  but  it  was 
dettroyed  by  the  winter  of  1837-ti.  H.  adpriuum  Bartr.,  H.  rainuirnii/SAun 
l^oL,  H.  f/iB£idei  Lam.,  H.  faieiadatum  Lam.,  and  some  other  shrubby  or 
tuiocent  species,  ore  described  by  Torrey  and  Gray,  hut  we  are  not  aware  of 
•JiOT  hating  been  yet  introduced. 


□ 


iKDROSfMUM  Cllou.    Tbs  AmaosMvcif,  or  Tvtuk.   L 

Polyadtipbia  Polyfndria. 
"i<>i  Mm.    CbotLPnd.  Bip.,37.  i  Dk.  Pnxl..  I.p.  HS.,  Doa'iUIU,  l.p.ni. 
»-^-«.    BnMeim.  U  i  iaJHAi*.  P-  ■  ■- — ■- "-- ■  ■--■ "- 


78 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNiCUM. 


119.    ilndr^MB^mum  officii) JU*. 


Dmivaiion.  From  amir,  androt,  a  man,  and  haima,  blood ;  the  capsolea,  when  cnuhed  betweea  dw 
flngen,  giving  out  a  blood-ooloured  Juice.  Tutsan  is  a  corruption  of  Umte  same,  all  beal ;  and 
it  was  applied  to  the  plant  formerly  flrom  its  supposed  vulnerary  pr(q|>erties. 

Gen,  Char,  (7aj»iirAri)accate;  usually  1-celIed.  Co/^jr  5 -parted,  with  unequal 
lobes.  Petalt  5.  Sti/les  3.  Stamens  numerous,  disposed  in  3  sets.  (2>or'« 
MilL) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  sub-evergreen.  Flowers  terminal. 
The  whole  plant  closely  resembling  a  ZTyp^ricum.  —  Suffruticose.  Indi- 
genous in  Britain. 

.SI  «.  1.  ^.  OFFICINALE  AUioni,  The  officinal  Androssmum,  or  common  TuJsan. 

Identification.  All.  Fed.,  No.  1440  ;  Dec  Prod.,  1.  p.  543.:  Don's 
Mill,  1.  p.  601. 

SynonynuM.  Clfmenon  !tal5rum  T/Obel;  /fyp^ricum  ilndrosie^iDum 
Lin.,  JViUd.,  Smith,  and  Hooker',  Parle  Leaves  (because  it  is  fre- 
quently found  wild  in  parks) ;  Androsdme  officinale,  Fr. ;  breit- 
blattrlget  (broad-leaved)  Johannisluraut,  Ger.;  CictUana  Ital. 

Engravingt.  Blackw.,  t.  94. ;  Eng.  Bot.»  1 1285. ;  and  our  J^.  1 19.  in 
nower,  and  fyg.  120.  showing  the  fruit 

Spec.  Char,^  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  and  somewhat  heart- 
shaped,  sessile,  widely  spresiding.  A  sub-evergreen, 
suffruticose  shrub,  forming  a  dense  bush,  with  many 
stems.  Europe ;  and  in  England  in  moist  shady  woods.  Height  2  ft.  to 
3  ft.  Flowers  yellow,  1  in.  across  ;  July  to  September.  Ciipsule  brownish 
purple,  and  lastly,  almost  black  ;  ripe  in 
October. 

The  fruit  is  an  ovate  capsule,  assuming 
the  appearance  of  a  berry :  it  is  at  first 
yellowish  green,  then  red  or  brownish 
purple;  and,  lastly,  almost  black  when 
ripe.  The  juice  of  the  capsules,  and  also 
that  of  the  leaves,  is  claret-coloured.  The 
latter,  when  bruised,  have  an  aromatic 
scent,  and  were  formerly  applied  to  fresh 
wounds ;  and  hence  the  French  name  of 
la  ioiUe  same.  In  gardening,  the  plant  is 
valuable  as  growing  under  the  drip  of 
trees,  and  thriving  and  flowering  freely 
in  almost  any  soil  or  situation.  It  is 
readily  propagated  by  division  of  the 
root. 


ItO.    At\A 


it/ 
ihniim  olHcinU*. 


Order  XIII.     ^CERA^CEiE. 

Om>,  Char,  Flowers  either  unisexual  or  bisexual.  Calyx  and  corolla  equal 
in  the  number  of  their  parts,  with  an  imbricated  aestivation  ;  the  coFolla 
sometimes  absent.  Petals  without  appendages.  Stamens  inserted  upon  a 
disk,  which  arises  from  below  the  pistil  lum,  not  agreeing  in  number  with 
the  divisions  of  the  calyx  and  corolla.  PtstUlum  2-lobed,  each  lobe  having 
a  wing  at  its  back.  Slt/ie  1.  Stignuu  2,  Fruit  formed  of  two  samaras,  or 
keys,  each  containing  1  cell  and  1  erect  seed.  Embryo  curved,  with  leafy 
shriveled  cotyledons,  and  no  albumen.  (Lindl.) — Deciduous  trees  or  shrubs, 
natives  of  the  temperate  climates  of  Europe,  North  America,  and  Asia. 

Leaoes  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  deciduous,  rarely  evergreen ;  variously 
lobed,  rarely  pinnate.  —  The  species  in  British  gardens  are  included  in  die 
genera  A'etr  and  Negdndo^  which  are  thus  contradistinguished:  — 

iTcER  L.    Flowers  polygamous.    Leaves  lobed. 
Nmoi/ndo  Moench.    Flowers  dioecious.     Leaves  pinnate. 


XIII.  ^cera^cea:  A\:EfL 


79 


Genus  L 


Jl 


pi  MS. 


JtCER  If.    Ths  Maple.    Lm,  Stfti,  Polygimia  Monce^da. 

Lin.  Gen.,  No.  1116. ;  Momch  Ueth.,  331 ;  Dee.  Prod.,  1.  p.  008. ;  Don's  MllL.  1. 


Efatde,  Fr.  \  Ahom,  Ger. ;  Aeero,  ItaL ;  and  Arce,  SpanUh, 

From  ooer,hard  or  sharp,  derfred  from  oc,  Celtic,  a  point.  The  name  is  supposed  to  be 

applied  to  this  genus  because  the  wood  of  some  spedes  ia  extremely  liard,  and  was  formerly  much 

anqght  sfter  for  the  pnrpoce  of  making  pikes  and  lanoei. 

Gn.  Char.  Seaca  hermaphrodite,  or  monoeciously  polygamous.  Ftotuers 
with  a  calyx  and  corolla.  Cafyx  divided  into  5  parts,  or  some  number  be- 
tween 4  and  9.  PetdU  the  same  in  number.  Stamens  8,  or  some  number 
between  5  and  12.  Anthers  24obed.  Carpels  2,  very  rarely  3,  each  a 
samara;  that  is,  a  fruit  which  is  called  in  Britain,  vernacularly,  a  key. — 
Decidooos  trees,  natives  of  Europe,  North  America,  and  Asia. 

Lemet  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  deciduous,  rarely  evergreen;  va- 
rioQsly  lobed,  toothed.  Flowers  axillary,  corymbose.  Fndt  a  samara. 
Becsying  leaves  ridi  yellow  in  some,  and  red  or  brown  in  others. 

Several  of  the  species  produce  useful  timber;  and  sugar  is  one  of  the  con- 
stituent parts  of  the  sap  of  all  of  them.  They  all  prefer  a  situation  shel- 
tered rather  than  exposed ;  a  free,  deep,  loamy  soil,  rich  rather  than  sterile, 
and  ndther  very  wet,  nor  very  dry.  They  are  propagated  by  seeds  and  layers, 
or  by  graftiDg.  The  maturity  of  the  seed  may  be  proved  by  opening  the  key, 
lod  observing  if  the  cotyledons  are  green,  succulent,  and  fresh  ;  if  the  green 
colour  of  the  cotyledons  is  wanting,  the  seeds  are  good  for  nothing.  The 
seeds  of  all  the  species  may  either  be  sown  in  autumn,  after  they  are  gathered, 
or  in  spring :  and  the  latter  method  is  preferable  where  moles  abound,  as  they 
are  veiy  food  of  the  seeds.  Sown  in  spring,  they  come  up  in  five  or  six  weeks 
afterwards;  with  the  exception  of  those  of  the  A.  campestre,  which  never 
come  up  till  the  second  or  third  year.  The  seeds  should  not  be  covered  with 
iDore  tosn  a  quarter  to  half  an  inch  of  soil.  The  surface  of  the  eround  in 
wfaich  they  are  sown  may  be  advantageously  shaded  with  leaves,  fronds  of 
ferns,  heath,  or  straw. 

A.  heanes  nmple,  or  onfy  sRghtfy  or  occasional^  loM. 
I  *  1.  i4.  oblo'ngum  Wall.    The  oblong-Z^at^^d  Maple. 

.    Wall,  in  Litt^  Dec  Prod.,  1.  p.  898. ;  Don's  Mill.,  1.  p.  648. 

J.  lanrifdUam  D.  Jkm.  Prod.  FL  Nep.  p.  849. ;  A.  Buximpdia  Hamllt. 
I*.    OurJ%v.  121, 1S8.,  reduced  to  our  usual  scale ;  and  the  flgiires  of  the  leares,  of  the 
rin;  aa  i^en  in  the  plate,  pi,  96. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  oblong- 
lanceolate,  acuminated,  quite  en- 
tire, coriaceous,  smooth,  rounded 
at  the  base.  Racemes  compound ; 
wings  of  fhut  parallel,  smooth,  se- 
parated. (Don^s  Mill.)  A  low, 
deciduous  tree;  in  Britain,  a 
rather  tender  shrub.  Nepal. 
Height  20  ft  Introduced  in  1824. 
Flowers  greenish  yellow ;  February. 
Keys?;  ripe?. 

This  species  ia  rather  tender,  and  somewhat  difficult  to  keep  in  the  open 
9Mnd,  unleaB  when  planted  asainst  a  wall.  Thouffh  the  leaves  are  generally 
cMire^  yet  tfaej  are  sometimes  lobed,  or  show  a  tendency  to  becpme  so. 


80  ARBORETUM    ET   PRDTICETUM   BRITANNICUH. 

t  2,  A.  tata'ricuii  L.     The  Tartarian  Maple. 
lamtt/laltim.    Lin.  Sp.,  14%  ;  Dn.  Prod,  l.p.  MS. ;  HB]>tuI>«id..p.I09.j  Dou'iIDIl.,  I.  p. Ms. 
Ittmityvia.    E'nbla  <ta  TirUiic,  ». :  TuuriKbe  Ahom.  Qir. :  Zuu-nxidoo.  at  Lociut  Tna. 

Smtrntngt-  Pill.  Fl.  Rn..  t.3.i  Tnlt.  Aivfa.,  1.  No.].;  Watt.  Dand.  Brtt.. L  ICO.  \  the  ^usot 
UlnpRM  In  Arb.  Brit..  1u«II1^tii1.«.  i  ouijff.lM.;  ud  Uw  B(iira  of  Uh  Jmto,  or  tfasnUu- 
iil  ilH.  In  tiM  plate  IbnDlDg  p.  X. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  cordate,  undivided,  serrated,  with  obsolete  lobes. 
Racemes  compound,  cron-ded,  erect ;  wiagi  of  fruit  parallel,  young  oues 
puberuloits.  (Dun't  Mil/.)  A  low  deciduous  tree,  native  of  Tartary. 
Unght  20  ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1759.  Flowers  pale  greenish  yellow, 
sometimes  slightly  tinged  with  red  j  May  and  June.  Kevs  browa ;  ripe  in 
AugusL     Decaying  leaves  reddish  yellow,  or  brown.      Naked  young  wood 

When  raised  from  seed,  the  plant  will  come  into  flower  in  5  or  6  years  ; 
and,  in  good  soil,  it  will  attain  the  height  of  15  ft.  in  10  yean.    According  to 


tome,  it  will  thrive  in  a  rooister  soil  than  most  others.  In  ornamental  plAntft- 
tions,  it  is  valuable  on  account  of  the  earl^  expansion  of  its  leaves,  which 
appear  before  those  of  almost  erery  other  kind  of  A'cet. 

B.  Leavti  S-labed,  or  trifid:  rareh,  bJobed. 
1  S.  A.  bpioaVuii  Lam.     The  spiked^uwrnf  Maple. 

a.  Dice..!,  p. HI.  I  DtK.Frad.,  I.  p.U3.,Don'iHIU.,  l.p.MS.]  Tb.  aadOnir. 


.    Tnt.  Areh.,  Ho,  IB.  ;  tbn  plate  of  tlili  iixxln  In  Aril  Brit.,  111.  edit.,  toL  v. 
"id  tbe  flfun  at  tha  learn,  of  tbfl  natural  litt.  In  tbo  plate  forming  p.  OT. 


Jig.  IM.  i 

Spec.  Char.,  i$'c.  Leaves  cordate,  3-  or  slightly  5-lobed,  acuminated,  pubescent 
bencnth,  unequally  and  coarsely  serrat^.  Racemes  compound,  erecc 
Petals  linear.  Fruit  Emooth,  with  the  wings  rather  diverging,  (Hon'g 
Mill.)  A  deciduous  shrub,  or  small  tree.  Canada  to  Georgia.  Height 
6  ft.  to  10  ft.  in  America ;  IS  ft.  to  !0  fL  iu  England.  Introduced  in  1 7.50. 
Flowers  small,  greenish,  raceme  many-fiowered  ;  Hay  and  June.  K.ey« 
often  reddish ;  ripe  in  August  Decaying  leaves  yellowish  red.  Naked  you^v 
wood  brown. 


XIII.   .VCERACF.X:    <fCEIl. 


Very  omninental  in  autumn,  from  iu  dnall  keya,  whirli  arc  fixed  upon 
linider  wndulous  spikes,  and  have  their  membranous  win^s  beauiirully  tinged 
■ith  red  when  ripe.  Michaux  itates  that  this  gpecica,  grafted  upon  the  ayca- 
Dore,  is,  like  ihe  ^cer  itriktum,  aupnented  Co  twice  its  natural  dimensions  i 
a  bet  »liich  we  haie  never  liaii  an  c^portjnity  of  seeing  leriRed. 

T  4-,  i*.  stria'tok  L.     The  stripcd-W*ci/ Mnple. 


J*w<t-<iH.    Um.Dkt..I. 


i.  uj  'TV.  t'ci 


AllBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETOM    BRITAHMICUM. 
B,  HmH  W»d.  uripfd  Maple  Doc  n 


Spec.  Char^  3tc.  Leaves  cortlate,  3-lobed,  ncuminated,  finely  and  acutelv 
nerratcU.  Racemes  pendulous,  simple.  Petals  oval.  Fruit  smooth,  witn 
the  wings  rather  diverging.  {I)on'$  MUi.)  A  deciduous  tree,  with  gnra 
bark,  scriped  with  while.  Cannda  to  Georgia.  Height  Btt.  to  t Oft.  in 
America;  lOft.  to  SO f).  in  England.  Introduced  in  1'/^.  Floven 
yellowish  green,  on  long  peduncles ;  May.  Keys  brown,  and  remarkable 
for  a  cavity  on  one  side  of  the  capsules  ;  ripe  in  August.  Decaying  lean* 
yellowish  green.  Naked  young  wood  green, striped  with  uhite  and  black. 
The  buds  and  leaves,  when  beginning  to  unfold,  are  rose-coloured  ;  and 

the  leaves,  when  fully  expanded,  are  of  a  thick  texture,  and  finely  serrated. 

From  the  great  beauty  of  its  bark,  this  tree  deserves  a  place  in  every  collection. 

It  is  propagated  by  seeds,  which  are  received  from  America;  or  by  grafting  on 

A.  Pseitao-PUtanus. 

C.  Ltavet  5-lobed. 


Sp,,.  CW.  *,  l„,e,  dig,t,n,l,  s-lobed,  with  reundi.h  rtcma.  Lobn 
M)  Ad,„d„„a,m»„n.rg„i„.  Norlh.,,.,  „„t  of  iSor."  A„S™ 
B?d^5.'    "«'■''"«'»""?•"— •!> '■<■".  »'^"lj»i.8.»dS?J,° 


xm.  ^ceraVe*::  ^'cer,  83 

lemi  imrtj  I  ft.  broad.  Carpels  sometimes  3.  Sap  aa  abundant  as  m 
■Tipecies,  except  in  A.  sacchluinum ;  the  wood  soft,  whitish,  but  beiiu[ifull}r 
looed.  {Tor,  mtd  Grot/.)  Thia  species  is  quite  hardy  in  the  climate  of  Lon- 
don, ud  promises  to  form  a  most  raiuable  addition  to  our  oma mental,  und, 
ponibljt,  lo  our  timber,  trees.  The  tree  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden  ii  between 
Wit  lod  50  ft.  high,  after  having  been  thirteen  years  planted;  and  it  hai 
lowered,  and  ripened  some  seeds. 

I  8.  J.  i>LATjlNdl'DES  L.     The  Plate nus-like,  or  Norway,  Maple. 

Urttfinltm.    Ua.  So-  IffiS.  ;  Drc  Prod..  1.  P.M9.  :  DoD't  Mill..  I.  IhSM. 

%n|wi.  E-rtU«  pUH,  or  E-nbla  da  Nortttt,  Fr.  -.  iplu  Abon.  or  iplUblittTlici  Abom. 
St.  \  Aon  rlnia,  lui. 

Cvmp.  Duh.  Arh.,  I.  L  ia  f.  1.  i  Uc  lAMrt  of  thli  Ipccln  la  Arb.  Ultt,  lU  «dtL.  lol.r.  i  our 
h-^9.;  tLAff,  le.otUMlaTH.  otltaeulanlilie,  foinlnglL  VH,  109. 

^>n.  Oar.,  4*^.  Leave*  cordate,  smooth,  5-lobed.  Lobea  acuminated,  with  a 
le*  coarse  saitc  teeth.  Corjmbs  stalked,  erectlth,  and,  as  well  ea  the  fniit, 
■tnotll.  Fruit  with  divaricated  wings  {Don't  Mill.)  A  deciduous  tree, 
■bore  the  middle  size.  Norway  to  Switzerland,  but  not  in  Britain.  Height 
30lt.  to  60ft.  Introduced  in  1683.  Flowers  rich  yellow;  April  and 
Hij,  Keys  brown;  ripe  in  September  and  October.  Opening  foliage  and 
kwn,in  spring,  of  a  bright  yellow;  when  decaying,  also,  of  a  fine  yellow. 
Kaked  young  wood  Emooth,  brown. 

T  A.  p.  S  Lobila.     A. 

beln'  Tenore  ;   A.  p 

Doides    Dmi'i  JUUi 

p.  648.     (Our^.  1 

and    Jig.   150.   of 

lares,    of   the   na 

siie,  in  the  plate  for 

p.l06.)— The1ea*G 

Tcry  slightly  heart-ibi 

irregularly    toothed, 

lobcd,   with     the    I 

more   or   leas  abn 

pointed.      The   bari 

the  young  wood  Etr 

■omewbat  in  the  ma 

of  that  of  A.  Etri^l 

by   which    circumst 

the  plant,  in  a  yi 

lUte,  is  readily   di 

guished  from  A.  p 

Doides.      A    large 

nstiTe  of  the  kii^o 

Naples,   and    found 

mmui  tains.     One  of 

Exost  beeutiiiil  acei 

cohlTation  ;      but 

Bttle  known,  tbougii  u.  ,„.   -  -]■  imrliilirtff 

vu    introduced     al>out 

1683.     There  is  a  tree  of  it  at  Croome,  tbove  20ft.  high,  which  haa 

ripened  seeds. 
1  Ap.  3  vaiegdlum  Kon.    .^4.;).  ilbo  Tari^alum  Hayne.  —  Leaves  va- 
riegated with  white. 
J  A.  p.  4  aim  variegdlun  Hort.—  Leave!  variegated  with  yellow. 
"  A  p.  5  lachadlum  Dec.      A.  p.  c  Ispum  Laulh  ;    Eogle'a  Claw,  or 

Hawk's  Foot   Maple.  (The  plate  of  this  variety  in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st 

«lit.,voLv.;  mir^.128.;  and  ^.  I  a  I .  of  the  leaves,  of  the  natural 

M^  in  the  plate  forming  p.  107.)  —  Leaves  deeply  and  variously  cut. 
Q  S 


8^  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICtTUM    BRITANNICUH. 


It  ifl  frequently  produced  from  seed,  bang  found  by  nunerymHi 

omong  seedlings  of  the  Epecies. 
The  tree,  in  general  appeRrance,  at  a  distance,  b  like  the  common  sycamore; 
but,  on  a  nearer  anproacn,  the  leaves  are  found  ofa  smoother  and  finer  texture. 
The  roots  extend  considerably,  both  downwards  and  laterally.  The  bark  is 
ftreen  on  the  young  :<hootB,  but  it  aflenvards  becomes  ofa  reddiah  bronn,  dotted 
with  white  points:  that  of  the  trunk  is  brown.and  rather  cracked.  The  buds 
are  large  and  red  in  autumn,  becoming  of  a  still  dariier  red  in  the  course  of  the 
winter :  those  on  the  points  of  the  shoots  are  always  the  largest.     The  leavei 


are  thin,  green  on  both  sides,  end  shining.  When  the  petiole  is  broken,  an  acri^ 
milky  sap  issues  from  it,  which  coagulates  with  the  ur.  The  ItMies  are  aliout 
fi  in.  bng,  and  nearly  the  same  in  width.     The  petioles  are  longer  than  tb^ 


XIII.   ^CEBAC££:    ^CEK.  85 

laitL  AboQtthe  end  of  October,  the  learea  become  either  of  a  clear,  or  a  yel- 
Iqwiib,  reJ,  and  then  drop  off.  The  flowers  appear  just  before  the  leaves,  near 
Iht  md  of  April :  they  form  a  short  raceme,  aomewhat  corvmbose.  The  fhittB, 
or  kep,  hive  thdr  wings  jellow.  It  ia  not  till  the  tree  has  attained  the  age 
i/nearlf  40  years  that  it  produces  fertile  seeds,  though  it  will  flower  many 
;an  before  that  period.  The  rate  of  growth  of  this  species,  when  once  es- 
tablisbed,  ii  from  18  in.  to  3  ft.  long  every  year,  till  it  attainj  the  hdsht  of  80 
<«30feeti  which,  in  favourable  situations,  it  does  in  ten  }ean.  The  wood 
toffit,  when  dr^,  43  lb.  i  ox.  per  cubic  foot ;  is  easily  worked,  takei  a  hne 
polish,  and  absorbs  and  retains  all  kinds  of  colours.  It  may  be  used  for  alt 
ihewious  [Hiiposes  of  the  wood  of  ihe  common  sycamore.  Sugar  is  msde 
torn  thesapiu  Norway,  Sweden,  and  Lithuania.  Seeds  are  ripened  in  England 
in  ibimdaDce. 

1  T.  A.  SACCH&'RimiM  L.    file  Sugar  Maple. 

UxitMiK    Lb.  Sp.,  USA  i  Dec  FmL,  I.  p.  DM. ;  Dwi'I  WU.,  I.  p.  NO.  i  Tor.  ud  Gnf .  I. 

l|>~ti«.   Bock  Ifwla,  Rud  Kiple,  Blnl'(4jt  Mipla,  Amtr. ;  A«n>  dd  Canua,  Ual. 
Ivsnaii.    MEbi.rl.Art>,  £  L  13.  i  ifas  pUu  af  Uiii  ipecla  In  Atb.  BtiI..I>I«UI.,to1.t,  ;  aw 

A,  re.  Ckar.,  if-c.  Leaves  cordate.  Smooth,  glaucous  beneath,  palmaiely 
Globed  ;  lobes  acuminated,  serrately  toothed.  Corymbs  drooping,  on  shoit 
peduncles.  Pedivel a  pilose.  Fruit  smooth,  with  the  wings  diverging.  (Don'i 
Mill.)  A  deciduous  tree.  Canada  to  Georgia.  Height  in  America  SO  ft. 
10  eoli.;  in  England  SOU.  to  40<t.  Introduced  in  1735.  Flowers 
tiLsU,  yellowish,  and  suspended  on  long,  slender,  drooping  peduncles  i 
April  and  Hay.  Keys  brown  ;  ripe  in  September.  Decaying  leaves  rich 
yellow.    Naked  yoin^  wood  smooth,  whitish  brown. 


i  A.  (.  2.  Higrum.  A,  s.  ^  nigrum  7W.  i  Gray  ;  A.  nigrum  Mickc  ; 
the  black  Sugar  Tree,  or  Rock  Maple,  Michii.  Arb.  ?.  t.  16  — 
Liaves  psie  green  beneath,  the  veins  of  the  lower  surface  and  petioles 
minutely  villous,  pubescent  ;  wings  of  the  fruit  a  little  more  diverg- 
ing. (Tor.  and  Gray,  i,  p.  848.)  Michaui,  who  considered  this 
variety  a  species,  says  the  leaven  rcBembie  tliosc  of  the  species  in 
ererv  respect, except  that  they  are  of  a  darker  green,  and  of  a  thicker 
texture,  and  somewhat  more  bluntly  lobed.  The  tree  is  indiscri- 
minately nitied  will)  the  common  sugar  maple,  through  extensive 
ranges  of  country  in  New  Hampshire,  Vermont,  and  Connecticut ; 
but  is  readily  distinguished  from  it  by  the  smaller  size  which  it  at- 
tdns,  and  the  (iarlier  colour  of  its  leaves.  The  soil  in  which  it 
flourishes  best  is  a  rich,  strong,  sandy  loam  ;  and  there  it  usually 
grows  to  the  height  of  40  or  50  feet. 
'losdy  resembling  A.  platanoldes  in  foliage,  except  in   being  somewhat 


8G  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

glaucous  beneath,  and  in  the  fruit  being  much  more  divergent.  Bark  of  the 
trunk  white.  Leaves  3  in.  to  o  in.  in  length,  generally  wider  than  long.  The 
bud-^  have  a  fine  ruddy  tint,  especially  in  spring  before  they  expand.  The  tree 
in  England  is  rather  tender,  and  never  attains  a  large  size;  but  in  America  the 
timber  is  valuable,  and  the  sap  produces  sugar.     American  seeds. 

*it  S.  A.  Pseu^do--Pla''tanus  L.     The  Mock  Plane  Tree,  the  Sj/canwre,  or 

Great  Maple, 

Ident^fleaHon,    Lin.  Sp.,  1469. ;  Don's  Mtll.,  1.  p.  648. 

SjfnonyimeM.    Plane  Tree,  Scotch  ;  E'rable  Sycamore,  E'rablo  blanc  de  Montagne,  faaue  FlaUne. 

grand  E'rable,  Fr. ;  Bhrenbaura,  welfser  Ahorn,  gemeine  A  horn,  Ger. ;  Acero  Fico,  luU. 
Efifravingt.    Dub.  Arb.,  1.  t.  36. ;  Schmidt  Arb..  1.  p.  34. ;  the  place  of  this  species  in  Arb.  Brit, 

Ist  edit.,  Tol.T. ;  our  Jig.  132. ;  and^.  158.  of  the  leaves,  of  the  natural  size.  In  the  plate  form. 

ingp.llO,  111. 

^ec.  Char.t  S^c,  Leaves  cordate,  smooth,  with  5  acuminated,  unequally 
toothed  lobes.  Racemes  pendulous,  rather  compound ;  with  the  rachis,  as 
well  as  the  filaments  of  stamens,  hairy.  Fruit  smooth,  with  the  wingii 
rather  diverging.  {DorCt  Mill )  A  deciduous  tree  of  the  first  rank. 
Europe  and  Britain,  in  wooded  mountainous  situations.  Height  30  ft. 
to  80  ft.  Flowers  greenish  yellow,  mostly  hermaphrodite ;  May  and  June. 
Keys  reddish  brown ;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves  brown,  with  dark 
blotches.  Naked  young  wood  reddish  brown.  Buds 
large,  green,  or  tinged  with  red. 

Varieties, 

X  A,  P.  2  opuUfoUa.     A.  opulifolium  Hort. ;  A. 

trilobatum  ilort, ;  A,  barbatum  Hort,    (Our 

fig,  132.)  —  Leaves  and  fruit  smaller  than 

in  the  species,  as  shown  in  fig,  155.  of  the 

leaves,  in  the  plate  forming  p.  114.  We  have 

no  doubt  of  this  being  the  A,  opulifolium 

of  Thuillier  and  Villars,  L*£''rable  duret,  and 

L'E'rable  ayart,  Fr.^  which  is  said  by  these 

authors  to  resemble  A,  Pseilido-Platanus,  but  g 

to  be  much  smaller.    It  is  a  native  of  the  I 

Alps  and  Pyrenees.     Introduced  in  1812.  i\ 

Height  15ft.  to  20  ft. 
Y  A.  P.3/ongt/a&z.i4.1ongifblium^ooM. — Leaves 

more   deeply  cut,  and  the  petioles   much        "*•  >••  p- «i"»«fi>u»«- 

longer  than  in  the  species.    Altogether  a  tree  of  very  remarkable 

aspect. 
I  A.  P.  4  fidvo  variegdta.  —  A,  P.  lut^scens  Hort, ;  the  Corstorphine 

Plane.  —  Leaves  variegated  with  yellow.     The  original  tree  stands 

near  an  old  pigeon-house  in  the  grounds  of  Sir   Thomas  Dick 

Lauder,  Bart.,  in  the  parish  of  Corstorphine,  near  Edinburgh.    Seeds 

of  this  variety,  sown,  have  produced  plants  with  the  character  of  the 

parent  to  a  certain  extent. 
t  K.P.5  diSo  variegdta  Havne.— Of  all  the  variegated  varieties  of  il^cer, 

it  must  be  acknowledged  that  this  is  the  most  ornamental ;  especially 

in  spring,  when  the  leaves  first  expand. 
f  A,  P,  6  purpurea  Hort.  —  Leaves  of  a  fine  purple  underneath.     This 

variety  was  found  in  a  bed  of  seedlings,  in   Saunders's  Nursery, 

Jersey,  about  1828,  and  is  now  to  be  met  with  in  all  the  principal 

nurseries.    The  tree  has  a  very  singular  effect  when  the  leaves  arc 

slightly  ruffled  by  the  wind,  alternately  appearing  clothed  in  purple 

and  in  pale  green.    In  spring,  when  .the  leaves  first  expand,  thtr 

purple  bloom  is  less  obvious  than  when  they  become  matured,  at 

which  time  it  is  very  distinct. 

Other  Varieties.    In  the  garden  of  the  Hort.  Soc.  there  is  a  variety  called 
Hodgkifu^s  Seedling,  with  yellow-blotched  leaves  ;  and  another,  called  Letke^s 


xtii.  .^ceka'ce^:  ^CER.  87 

Seedbg.  In  Hsyne's  Dmdnkguche  Flora  there  ere,  abo,  the  following  vo- 
rictin:  A.  P.  tlen6plera,A.  P.  matroplera,  and  A.  i*.  nacnijD'cTa,  which  (liHer 
in  the  proportiona  of  ttie  wings  of  the  keys,  and  do  not  appear  worth  farther 
Dotin.  In  all  seed  beds  and  yoiine  plantations  Bome  of  the  plania  will  be 
Ibund  with  the  petioles  and  the  buds  red,  and  others  with  the  petioles  and 
the  buds  greeniiih  jeilow  :  such  trees,  when  of  considerable  sae,  are  very 
diitinct  in  tbdr  general  aspect,  when  in  bud,  and  when  they  have  newly 
cmne  into  leaf;  but  aOer  midKummer,  when  the  leaves  are  nilly  matured, 
and  begin  to  get  nisly,  the  trees  are  scarcely  distinguishable.  DiHerent 
plants  also  differ  much  in  the  time  of  their  coming  into  leaf,  and  of  drop- 
ping thor  leaves  ;  and  some  of  the  more  remarkable  of  these  it  might  be 
worth  while  to  propegste  by  e:  "      '" 


> 


The  growth  of  the  common  sycamore  is  very  rapid  compared  with  that  of 
most  oUcT  species  of  ^'cer,  particularly  when  it  is  in  a  deep,  free,  rich  soil, 
•nd  in  a  mild  climate.  It  arrives  iit  its  full  growth  in  60  or  60  years  ;  but  it 
rMjuirra  to  be  80  or  100  years  old  before  its  wood  arrives  at  perfection.  In 
mnhy  soil,  or  in  drj  sand,  and  even  on  chalk,  the  tree  nei'er  attains  any  size. 
It  produces  fertile  seeds  at  the  age  of  20  years,  but  flowers  neveral  j-eara 
Honer ;  sometimes  even  perfecting  its  seeds  sooner  also.  The  longevity  of 
the  tree  is  lh>m  140  to  800  years,  though  it  ha-s  been  known  of  a  much  greater 
ife.  The  wood  weighs  per  cubic  foot,  newly  cut,  64  lb.  i  half-dry,  56  lb.  i 
d^,  48  lb.  It  loses,  in  drying,  about  a  twelfth  part  of  its  bulk.  When  the 
tree  ii  young,  it  is  white  ;  but,  as  the  tree  gets  older,  the  wood  becomes  a  little 
yeOow,  and  often  brown,  especially  towards  the.  heart.  It  is  compact  and 
firm,  without  being  very  hard  ;  of  a  fine  grain,  sometimes  veined,  susceptible 
of  a  high  polish,  and  easily  worked,  either  on  the  bench,  or  in  the  turning- 
litlM.  It  does  not  warp,  and  is  not  likely  to  be  attacked  bjr  worms.  It  is 
nted  in  jtMiiery  and  turnery,  and  cabinet-making  ;  by  musical  instrument 
Miers ;  for  dder-pressea ;  and,  sometimes,  for  gun-Blocks.  Formerly,  when 
vouden  dishes  and  spoons  were  more  used  than  they  are  at  present,  it  was 
BQch  ra  demand,  especially  in  Scotland,  by  the  manufacturers  of  these  articles. 
Ai  nndenrood,  the  sycamore  shoots  freely  from  the  stool,  to  the  age  of  80  or 
100  years.  As  a  timber  tree,  it  is  most  advantageously  cut  down  at  the  age 
of  80  years,  or  from  that  age  to  lOO.  Aa  an  ornamental  tree,  it  produces  the 
htsl  e^ct,  either  singly,  of  in  groups  of  two  or  three,  placed  sufficiently  near 
to  form  ■  whole,  but  uot  so  as  to  touch  each  other  ;  and  in  rows  or  avenues. 
The  larieties  with  TBriegated  leaves  are  very  ornamental  in  (he  beginning  ol 
a  4 


88  ABBOKETUM    F.T    FRUTICETL'M    BRITANMCUM. 

Etunmer  i  but  their  leaves  are  almost  alwavs  more  or  leu  imperfect,  etpcciatlj 
oil  the  edges,  and  Tall  olFmuch  sooner  in  trie  autumn  tban  those  of  the  iipecies. 
The  leaves  of  the  purj>le  variety  are  not  liable  to  the  same  objeetion  as  those 
of  the  vHriegated  sorts.     Seeds  ;  and  the  varielies  by  grafting  on  the«pecic». 

t  9.  A.  obtisaVum  KU.     The  obtme-lobed. leaped  Maple. 

IdnUifiaaiait.    KU.  In  Wllld.  spec..  4.  D  »<».  1  Drc  Fiod..!.  P.IM.;  Doo'i  Hill..  I.  p.eO. 
Sgnanyfuri.    A.  nupoUUnum  Temiri;  A.  hfbiiilum  In  the  Loud.  Hon,  Soc.  Gmri.  In  iOt ;  Uw 

Eni^imitii:'  'I'rtHI.  Arch..  1.  No.  M.-i  thB  pluflof  Ihll  Ipcctn  In  Arb.  Brit.,  lit  adlE-,  vol.T.  ; 
<aiifiit-l^.  \  AaiJIg-  IM.  ot  theleitei.  of  the  lulural  >)io,  (uriiUqg  p.  II?.  113^ 

Spec.  Char.,  i^c.  Leaves  cordate,  roundish,  5-lobeU  i  lobes  bliintisli  ("or 
|K>inted),  repnttdl/  toothed,  velvety  beneath.  Corymbs  pendulous.  Pe- 
dicels hairy.  Fruit  rather  hairy,  with  the  uings  somevhat  diverging.  {Don'i 
Mill.)  A  deciduous  tree  of  the  first  rank,  of  as  rauid  growth  as  A.  Pseiido- 
ylatanus.  Hungary,  Croatia,  and  many  parts  of  Italy,  on  hills  and  mountains. 
Height  40 II.  to  CU  ft.  Introduced  io  182g.  Flowen  greenish  yellow,  few  in 
a  panicle  i  Hay  and  June.  Keys  brown ;  ripe  in  September.  Decaying  leaves 
dark  brown.     Naked  young  wood  smooth  and  brown.     Buds  pruniinenc. 


-^,- 


rarietie,.—  ln  [he  Neapolitan  ( .,_  ,„  ^,„„„„  „„„,„„„„  „„, 

ftrent  m  its  habit  and  asjieet  from  what  it  is  in  Hungary;  and  hence,  the  A, 
neapolilanum  of  Tenore  may  be  considered  a  variety.  The  following  also 
appear  to  belong  to  this  species  :  — 

1   A.  0.  2  coridcrum.    A.  corJaceum   Baic.  (Don'a 
Mill.,  1.  p.  6i9.;  and  our^.  13t.)_LeaveB  co- 
rinceous,  the  same  length  as  breadth,  S-d-lobed, 
denticulated,  smooth.  Corymbs  loose.  Winjp  of 
.fruit   erectly  divergent.      Native  of?.     (Dm'i 
Miller.)     There  are  small  plants  of  this  vf  cer 
in  the  collection  of  Messrs.  Loddiges,  which  ap' 
pear  to  us  to  belong  to  this  species,  though  it  is 
with  considerable  doubt  that  we  have  placed  it 
here.    Possibly  it  may  belong  to  A.  filatanoides,  ' 
as  we  once  thought,  or  to  A.  O'nalus. 
1  A.  o.S  ibericum.     A.  ib^ricuni  Bieb.  Fl.   Taur. 
p.  24-7.  —  Leaves     shining,   glaucous  I.enealh, 
bluntly  tbree-tobcd ;    lob^  riiminhed  with  one 
or  two  teeth  ;   lateral  ones   marked   with   the 
middle  nerve  to  the  insertion   of  the  petiole. 
Petioles  a  little  shorter  than  the  leaves.     Tree       '*'"  ^- •■•"'•"•"•■ 
80  ft.  in  height.  A  native  of  Georgia,  (^Don't  MUI.,  i.  p.  649.)  As  we 
have  oiiljV  iieen  plants  a  few  inches  high,  we  may  be  misuken   in 
conaidenng  A.  ibericum  as  a  variety  of  A.  obtusatum. 


XIII.   JCE-RACEMi    yfCER.  S'J 

A.  0.  4.  loiattim,  A.  lobatuoi  Fiii^.,  lias  the  kaves  T-lobed,  accord- 
ing 10  Dira's  Miller,  but  the  j^ouiif  plants  benrmg  this  name  in  the 
llort.  Soc.  Garden,  which  was  rusfid  from  seeds  received  from  Dr. 
Fischer  of  Petenburg,  appears  obviously  to  belong  to  A.  obtus&tum. 

D.  Lcanti  5-,  rarrly  l-iobed. 

Ail.     The  Opal,  or  Italian,  Haple. 


iOr  mppellAlloD  or  <J'paJai  bM  been  ^ven  lo  chli  ipedee,  proboblj  from  the 

Tmit,  ftc.»  vdLA.  el  13. ;  the  plnteoF  thl>  ipwlet  In  Atb.  BHt-.  lit  edit,, 
.  \   MDd  /f .  1^-,  Di  the  Je«T<«»  of  the  nitunl  tlie.  Iq  the  pLile  forming 

5pn.  Osr.,  i^r.  Leaves  more  or  less  heart-shaped,  roundish,  5-lobed,  smooth 
beneath ;  the  lobes  generally  obtuse,  and  coarsely  serrated.  Flowei^  in 
drooping  coriiDbs.  Keys  smooth.  (Pen.  Cyc.)  A  low  deciduous  tree. 
Conica.  He'igbtSft.to  I2fl.  Introd.  1753.  Flowers  whitish;  May  to 
June.  Keys  small,  brown ;  ripe  Sept.  Decaying  leaven  vellowish  brown. 
-^  In^ochy  tulted  tree,  covered  with  smooth  leaves,   snmeuhut  coriaceous. 

roundish,  indented,  vith  five  blunt  lobes,  deep  green  on  the  upper  surface,  and 


xNhewhat  glaucous  underneath,  with  long  red  pettoIeN.  Its  flowers  arc  whjlii-h, 
in  itiort  racvmea ;  and  the  small  fruits,  or  keys,  which  succeed  them,  are 
>lnioM  round-  It  is  luund  in  forests  and  on  mountains  in  Corsica;  in  Spain, 
pa  ihe  Sierra  Nevada  ;  and  in  Italy,  where,  from  the  dens^ness  of  its  shade. 
It  ti  soDteliniea  planted  by  road  aides,  and  In  gardens  neaf  houses.  The  red 
c^nr  of  the  petioles  of  the  leaves,  of  the  fruits,  and  even  the  red  tinge  of 
the  leaves  themselves,  more  especially  in  autumn,  give  it  rather  a  morbid 
■ppearance.     It  pushes  later  in  the  spring  than  most  of  the  other  species. 


■u  l*ilr  (bnnh;!  p.  I  IS. 


Spec.  Ciar.,  4-c.  Leaves  orbicular,  rather  cordate  at  the  bnse,  T-lobed,  smooth 
on  both  surfaces  ;  lobes  acutely  toolbed  ;  nerves  and  veins  hnirv  at  their 
or^in.  (Ihn'i  MiH.)  A  deciduous  tree  of  the  miildli:  size.  N.'W.  coast 
rf  North  America,  between  lat.  43°  and  19°,  Height  SO  ft.  to  40  ft.  In- 
trod. 1826.  Flowers  with  the  i^epaU  purple,  and  the  pctal^j  white ;  April  and 
May.  Keys  purplish  brown,  with  thin  straight  wings,  which  are  so  diva- 
ricate as  to  fonn  right  angles  with  ibe  peduncle ;  the  lower  margin  scarcely 


90 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


136.    A^tmi  diclaAtam. 


thickened.   {Tor.  and  Gray).    Decaying  leaves  of  a  fine  reddish  yellow. 
Naked  young  wood  reddish  brown. 

Branches  slender,  pendulous,  and  crooked  ; 
often  taking  root,  in  the  manner  of  those  of 
many  species  of  ^icus.  Bark  smooth ;  green 
when  young,  white  when  fully  grown.  Leaf 
the  length  of  the  finger,  upon  rather  a  short 
footstalk,  membranaceous,  heart-shaped,  with 
7 — 9  lobes,  and  7 — ^9  nerves  ;  smooth  above, 
except  hairs  in  the  axils  of  the  nerves  ;  downy 
beneath,  and  in  the  axils  of  the  nerves  woolly: 
lobes  ovate,  acute,  and  acutely  serrated  ;  the 
sinuses  acute :  the  nerves  radiate  firom  the  tip  ^.^ 
of  the  petiole,  and  one  extends  to  the  tip  of  ^^ 
each  lobe.  Flowers  of  a  middling  size,  in  ^S] 
nodding  eoryrobs,  that  are  on  long  peduncles. 
(  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.)  This  is  a  very  marked 
and  beautiful  species;  distinguishable,  at  sight,  by  the  regular  form  of  its 
leaves,  and  their  pale  reddish  green  colour.  Though  this  fine  tree  has  been 
in  the  country  since  1826,  it  seems  to  have  been  comparatively  neglected,  for 
there  is  no  good  specimen  that  we  know  of  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London. 
At  High  Clere,  a  thriving  tree  has  ripened  seeds  for  some  years  past ;  so  that 
there  can  be  no  doubt  of  its  hardiness. 

A  \2.  A.  PALMA^UM  Tkunb.    The  palmate-^awrf  Maple. 

Idmtifieation.    Thunb.  Fl.  Jap.,  p.  161. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  595i ;  Don't  Mill.,  1 .  p.  650. 
Engravings.    Tratt  Arch.,  1.  No.  17. ;  and  Jig.  158.  of  the  leaves,  of  the  natural  tlze,  iu  the  olatc 
forming  p.  117.  "^ 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  smooth,  palmately  divided  into  5 — 7  lobes  down 
beyond  the  middle  ;  lobes  acuminated,  oblong,  serrated.  Umbels  5—7- 
flowered.  {DorCi  Mill.)  A  low  deciduous  tree;  in  England  a  rather  deli- 
cate shrub.  Japan.  Height  in  Japan,  80  ft.  Introd.  in  1820.  Flowers 
greenish  yellow  and  purple;  May.  Keys?.  Decaying  leaves  reddish  yellow. 
This  species  requires  the  protection  of  a  wall ;  having  been,  like  A.  oblongum, 

killed  to  the  ground  in  the  open  air,  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  in  the  winter 

of  1837-«. 

S  la  A.  ERioCA^RPUM  Michx.    The  hauy-fruited,  or  white.  Maple. 

Idmtiflcation.    Mlchx.  Fl.  Amer.  Bor.,  2.  p.  213.  ;  Don's  Mill.,  I.  p.  650. 

Symmsfma.  J.  da^ycirpum  JfrV/d  Spec.  4  p.SSS.,  7br.  *  Gra»,  L  p.JWa;  J.  tomcntfteoni 
Hort.  Par. ;  A.  gladcum  Marsh. ;  A.  rirginttnum  Duh. ;  A.  rabrum  Wmutenh. :  whitT  mfu!!?^ 
leaved,  or  wft.  Maple.  Umted  States ;  Sir  Charle.  Wager'.  Maple  j  E'rabl?TF^u  c^tinn^ 
or  F/rable  Wane,  FT.  \  rauber  Ahorn,  Oer.  j  Acero  cotonoso,  or  Accro  bianco.  Ital.  m*™*. 

Engravings.  Deaf.  Ann.  Mub.,  7.  t.  2S. ;  the  plate  of  thii  ipeciet  In  Arb.  Brit.,  let  edit,  rot  r  - 
oMtAg.  137. ;  and  Jig.  159.  of  the  leavei,  of  the  natural  ske,  in  the  plate  forming  p.  1 18.  '"-  '^^  • 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.     Leaves  truncate  at  the  base,  smooth  and  glaucous  beneath 
palmately  5-lobed,  with  blunt  recesses,  and  unequally  and  deeply  toothed 
lobes.    Flowers  conglomerate,  on  short  pedicels,  apetalous,  peiitandrous 
Ovaries  downy.  (DorCs  MUl.)    A  middle-sized  tree.     North  America,  from 
lat.  43°  to  Georgia.      Height  in  America  10  ft.  to  40  ft. ;  in  England  30  ft 
to  50  ft.     Introduced  in    1725.     Flowers  small,  pale  yellowish  purple ' 
March  and  April.    Keys  brown ;  ripe  in  July-  ' 

Varieties.  There  are  several  names  in  nurserymen's  catalogues,  such  as  A 
coccfneum,  A.  macrocarpum,  A.  floridum,  A.  Pavw  which  are  only  verv 
slight  varieties  of  A.  erioc4rpum.  The  last-named  variety,  introduced  bv 
Messrs.  Booth,  has  received  the  absurd  name  of  Pavia.  from  the  udd^ 
surface  of  the  leaves  being  slightly  wrinkled,  somewhat  in  the  manner  of 
those  of  the  horsechestnut  As  the  species  seeds  freely,  endless  varieties 
may  be  obtained  from  seed  beds. 


Xlll.    ifCKKACE£:   ^'CEB. 

IKadofukbed  from  A. 
nbmm  by  the  leaves 
being  oiore  decidedly  5- 
lDboJ,the  labes  deeply  cut, 
ud  the  whole  leaf  more 
Wnailose.  A  lery  deair- 
ihk  ipedet,  from  the  ra- 
pitlitj  of  its  growtb,  the 
;nrdij|  difergent  direction 
of  iti  branch^,  the  beauty 
of  ita  IraTca,  and  the  pro- 
ludon  of  its  early  Bowers. 
In  mild  tnsoiis,  these  flow- 
a»  btpn  to  bunt  from 
dieir  budi  in  the  firat  week 
in  Jinuuy  ;  and  they  ore 
^len  fully  expanded  hy  the  end  of  February  or  beginning  of  March.  It 
nquim  ■  deep  free  aoil,  and  more  moisture  than  most  of  the  other  species. 
It  lipeDs  its  seedE,  both  in  America  and  Biitain,  by  midsumnieT,  or  ettrller  i 
ud,  if  these  are  immediately  sown,  they  come  up,  and  produce  plants  which 
ireS  or  lOinches  high  by  the  succeeding  autumn. 

I  14.  A.  BD^Htnf  L.     The  t^-Jtomermg,  or  icarlfl.  Maple. 
Kw^knx.    Lhi.  Spie.,  1(96. 1  D(c  Prod..  Lp-SMki  IXn'i  MID,  l.p.CSD, ;  Tor.  ludCnr. 

Sfrih^L    Hkta.   Arb..' 3. 1.14.1  SctamiAt  Arli..  1,  tSi  th«  plati  of  Ihn  ITH  Is  Arb.  Bril,,  In 
•^•ul'-l  oaifig.iM.;  indJlt.  IM.  bI  Ibe  1wi«,  af  Ihi  iiUDtil  (iH,  In  lb*  plUe  rcmilng 


onequally  toothed,  nalmately  5-labed,  with  acute  n 

glomerate,  ^.petaled,  peotandrous.     Ovaries  smooth.    (Zkm'i  Mill) 


V-2  ArtBORETUM   ET  FRUTICETOM    BRITANNICUM, 

Urge  tree  with  nuinrroua  divergent  slender  branclies.  Canada  to  Florida. 
Height  in  America  30  ft,  to  80  ft. ;  in  England  30  ft.  to  60  ft.  Introduced 
in  ItldG.  Flowers  sniall.  dark  red,  appeHring  a  fortnight  before  the  leaves; 
March  and  April.    Keys  brovn  ;  ripe  in  September. 

X   A.  r.  3  inlcriiieilium   Lodd.  seems  intermediate  between  this  species 


In  England  distinguished  at  sight  from  A.  enocarpum  by  the  leaves  hein^ 
much  less  cut,  and  less  white  beneath,  and  by  the  tree  being  generally  less  vi- 
Coroua,  The  red-flowered  maple,  whether  we  regard  the  boiuty  of  its  flowers 
and  opening  leavcH  in  early  spring,  its  red  fruits  in  the  beginning  of  summer, 
or  its  red  fol'age  in  autumn,  deserves  to  be  considered  one  of  the  most  orns- 
metital  of  hardy  trees.  Contrary  to  the  general  character  of  the  maples, 
this  species  is  said  to  thrive  best  in  moist  soil,  which  must,  however,  at  the 
same  lime,  be  rich  ;  and,  for  the  tree  to  attain  a  large  aize,  the  situation  oueht 
to  be  sheltered.  In  Britain  it  is  chiefly  propagated  by  layers  ;  but,  on  the 
Continent,  almost  always  by  seeds,  which  ripen  before  midsummer,  even 
sooner  than  those  oY  A.  erioc&rpum,  and,  if  sown  immediately,  come  up  the 
same  season.  The  seeds,  even  when  mixed  with  soil,  do  not  keep  well ;  and, 
in  general,  but  a  small  proportion  of  those  sent  home  from  America  vegetate 
in  Europe 

X  \5.  A.  uonspbssula'nuh  L.     The  Mnntpelier  Maple. 

Iiintiifleation-    LLd.  Spec.  1497-  ;  Dec  Prod.,  L  p-  99S.  (  Dan's  Mill.,  1.  p^fiid. 


•*„i.a:;r>;„ 


itprc.  Char.,  /^c.  Leaves  cordate,  S-lobed  ;  lobes  almost  entire,  and  equal. 
Corymbs  few-flowered,  pendulous.  Fruit  smooth,  with  the  wings  hardly 
diverging.  A  low  tree.  South  of  Europe.  Height  15  ft-  to  44  ft.  Intro- 
duced hi  1739      Flowers  pale  yellow;  May.     Keys  brown;  Au^st, 


I,  which  has  much  shorter 
It  also  rpsemblea  A.  rampestre,  whicli. 


XIII.    jfCEKACEJE:    ACER.  93 

hnveTcr,  ha  ifae  leaves  5-iobed,  whQe  in  A,  moiiEpesiiitftnuin  tfaey  are  only 
Uabtd.  See  the  figures  of  leaves  in  p.  120.  and  121.  The  leavea,  in  mild 
•atoas,  remain  on  through  the  greater  part  of  the  winter.  Seeds  ;  which  it 
Hpou  JD  great  ^Hindance. 

I  16.  J.  cabpe'strb  L.     The  common,  or  Field,  Maple. 
UrViblliL    Llii.5|>«..ll9I.;HiniiD«id.,p.lIl.,DK.  Prod..  1.  p.CMli  Dan'iMlll..  1.  p.6M. 
'miima.    E-ralitachiunpitiT,  Fr.i  kWner  ASoru.  Ftkd  Ahoin,  tltr.;  G.|]ii«l,or  Ploppo.  /Iirf. 
fapK^.    Bail.  Bdc  i.SM,:  Wljld.  Abbild..  L  HI,  ^  onr^.MI-iuid  ^.  161.  of  the  lw«. 

^icr.  CW..  4'^-  Leaves  cordate,  with  5  toothed  lobes.  BacemL-s  erett. 
Wings  of  frail  much  divaricated.  (Don'*  MUl.)  A  low  tree  or  shrub. 
BricaJD.  Height  15  ft.  to  30  fl.,  Bomelimea  40  ft.  and  upwards.  Flowers 
fdlowiiih  green ;  Hav  and  June.  Keys  l»t>wn ;  ripe  in  September.  Decay- 
ing leaTM  yellow.     NaJced  young  wood  pale  brown. 


I  A.  e.  S  foJiii  varirgaiu,  —  Next  to  the  vari^ated-leaved  variety  of  ^l. 

Pseudo-ZUtanus,  this  seemx  the  haiidsomest  of  all  the  vcriegated- 

leaved  maples  ;  the   leaves  preserving,   with   their  variegation,  the 

appearance  of  health,  and  the  blotches  and  stripes   of   while,  or 

vhiiish  vellow,  being  distinctly  marked. 
t    A.  e.  3  i^carj>ata   Dec.  Prod.  i.  p.  598.      A.  campfstre  Wal/r.  in 

Lia.  TraL  Arch,  i  No.  7  ;  A.  mbWe  Opa. —  Fruit  clothed  with  vel- 
vety pubescence. 
»  A.  c.  4  eoOinvm  Wallr.  in  LUl-  Dec.  Prod.  i.  p.  594.      A.  affine  and 

jf.  loacrocarpuni    Opit.  —  Fruit  smooth.     Lobes  of  leaves   obtuse. 

Flower  smtJler.     Native  of  France, 
T  A,  ft  5  autlnacum  Tratt.  Arch.  i.  No.  6.     (The   plate  of  this  tree  in 

ATb.Brit.,lst.e»Ut,,  vol.v.) — Fruit  smooth.  Lobes 

of  leaves  somewhat  acuminated.     Flowers  larger 

than  those  of  the  species.      Native   of  Austria, 

Podolia,  and  Tauria,  (Don't  Mill.)     This  variety 

is  latter  in  all  its  parts  than  the  original  species, 

and  is  of  much  freer  growth  ;  the  mmn  stem  rises 

erect  and   straight,  and   sends   out  its  branches 

r^^ularly  on  every  side,  so  as  to  form  a  sort  of 

cone,  almost  like  a  fir.    A  subvarietj  of  tliis  sort, 

with  variegated  leaves,  is  propagaled  in  the  Boll- 

wyller  Nursery. 
Otier  VaiieSa,  A.  c.  iatieatum,  leaves  very  smooth 
ud  dunjng;  A.  c.  nanum,  habit  dwarf;  and,  perhapti, 
■onie  otben,  are  in  the  collection  of  Messrs.  Loddi^^ 
A.  laijiaim,  leaves  larger  and  less  divided  than  in  the 
ipeciei;and  h,kt(rcaniaa  (^.141.)  with  the  leaves  vari- 
ously cut,  arc  also  in  some  collections.  '"'  ■*■ '  '«''*"'""■ 
OlfliriDg  from  A.  monspessulknum  in  having  the  flowers  produced  upon 


94  AUUORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

the  young  shoots ;  as  well  m  in  the  racemes  of  flowera  being  erect.  The  wooA 
weighs  61  lb.  9  oz.  a  cubic  foot  in  a  green  atace,  and  51  lb.  ISoz.  when  per- 
fectly dry.  It  makes  excellent  fuel,  and  tlie  very  best  charcoal  It  ia 
compact,  of  a  fine  grain,  Bometimes  beautifully  veined,  and  takes  a 
Iligh  poliab.  It  WHS  celebrated  umong  the  ancient  Romans  for  tableit.  The 
wood  of  the  Toota  ia  frequently  knotted ;  and,  when  tbat  is  the  caae,  it  is 
used  for  the  manufeclure  of  snuffboxes,  pipes,  and  other  fanciful  production*. 
A  dry  soil  suits  this  species  best,  and  an  open  situation.  Seeds  ;  which  often 
remain  eighteen  montha  in  the  ground  before  they  vegetate,  though  a  few 
come  up  the  first  spring.   The  varieties  are  propagatei  by  layers. 


^lec.  Char,,  Sic.  Leaves  permanent,  cuneated  at  the  base,  acutely  3-lobed  at 
the  top.  Lobes  entire,  or  toothleted  ;  lateral  ones  shortest.  Coryuilis  few. 
flowered,  erect.  Fruit  smooch,  with  the  wings  hardly  diverging.  {Don't 
Mill.)  A  diminutive,  slow-growing,  sub-cvergrecn  tree.  Candia,  and  other 
islands  in  the  Grecian  Arcliipelago.  Height  10ft.  to  30fi.  Introd.  IT52. 
Flowers  greenish  yellow ;  May  and  June.  Keys  brown  j  ripe  in  September. 
There  is  a  general  resemblance  be- 
tween il.cr£ticuni,.i4.monapessu]anuni, 

and   A.  camp^stre ;   but   the   first  is 

readily  known  from  both,  by  ita  being 

evergreen,  or  sub-evergreen,  and  by  ita 

leaves  having  shorter  footatalks,  and 

being  less  dee[ily  lobed.     In  a  voung 

state,   the  leaves  are  often  entire  or 

nearly  so.  It  is  oflener  seen  sa  a  shrub 

than  as  a  tree  ;  and  it  seems  to  thrive 

better  in  the  shade  than  any  other 

Acer,    Seeds,  layers,  or  grafting  oi    ' 

campestre. 

Other  Speda  oflCceT.—A.  barbatum 
Michx.,  given  in  our  first  edition,  has 
been  omitted,  because  the  plant  in  the 
Hort.  Soc.  Garden  haa  always  appeared 

to    us   nothing  more  than   A.  p\B.ia,-  m   ^.waunm, 

notdes,  and  because  Torrey  and  Gray 

consider  it  a  doubtful  bpecies.and  probably  de<icribed  by  Michaux  from  "  speci- 
mens of  A.  sacch4rinum  ;  the  only  species,  bo  far  as  we  know,  which  has  the 
sepals  bearded  inside."  {Tor.  and  Gray,  i.  p.  249.)  A.  opulif61ium  given  in  our 
first  edition  as  a  species,  we  have  now  satisfied  ourselves,  from  having  been  able 
to  examine  larger  plants,  is  nothing  more  than  a  vaiiety  of  A.  VaeiiAo-FAaaia 
diminished  in  all  its  parts.  There  are  several  names  of  species  of  ^^^cer  in  the 
works  of  Eurojtean  botanists,  the  plants  of  which  would  require  to  i>e  pro- 
cured and  studied  in  a  living  state  ;  such  as  A.  granalenie  Bois.,  a  native  of 
Spain  ;  A.  parvi/oliam  Tauach;  also  some  natives  of  the  Himalayas;  and  the 
following  in  North  America  as  given  by  Torrey  and  Gray  ;  A.  glabrum  Torr,, 
a  shrub  of  the  Rocky  Mountains;  A.  trtpartitum  Nutt,  MSS.,  a  shrub  of  the 
Kocky  Mountain*  allied  to  A.  gl&brum;  A.  grandidmldtum  Nutt.  MSS.,  k 
■hrub  or  low  tree  from  the  Rocky  Mountains,  supposed  to  be  the  same  as  A. 
barbatum  Douglat,  mentioned  in  Hooker's  Flor.  Bor,  Avier.,!.  p.  118.  The 
names  of  several  other  species,  not  yet  introduced,  will  be  found  in  the  Erst 
edition  of  this  work 


Xlir.    ^CEIU'CE^:    ^'CER. 


A'ctr  ohi6ngum.     The  oblnng-Zmtw/  Mapl«. 
Leases  of  the  natural  size. 


ABBORETUM    ET    FIIUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


A."cer  flatanoide*.     The  Ptalanufr 
Leaves  uid  (hut  of 


XIII.    ^CEEACEJei   ^CEB. 

likA  or  NoTtoag,  Afagde. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRiTANMICUM. 

A'mt  (pltuaaoitia)  LMfil    L'Obel's  Maple. 


UII.    ^CERA'cEf :    jI'cER. 

A^etr  iplalOMoit^  lacmiatum. 
The  cat-ieaved  Platan ui-I ike,  or  EaaU't  daw.  Manio- 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Km.    .fCERACBf:     A  CIlB. 


Urge-leaved  Maple.     Plate  I. 
fruh.  of  the  utural  uie. 


AKBOKETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANMCUH. 


A^eer  mturoph^tlum'    The 
Smaller  leaveB,  alao  of  the  natural  nie. 


/ 


,    ^CERa'CEX  :    A  CER. 


l»^-leaved  Maple.    Plate  II. 
K»  Atrw  how  much  tbe;  farj  on  thi 


ARBOKETUM    ET    FKUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


r  plataTioidet.    The  Plattnu- 
Leavuandlrwtaf 


XIII.  jceka'cem:  j^cek.  106 

lite>  or  Nonoay,  Ma[de. 


106  ARBORETUM    £T   FRUTICETUU    BRITANKICUM. 

A^eer  (platawUUt)  Lobifii.    L'Obel'a  Maple. 


A^ow  plaiOMmdet  lacirtidtum. 
The  cut-Zsowrf  Platanus-like,  or  Ewle't  claw.  Manl^- 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETCM    BRITANMICUM. 


The  leares  ud  fruil 


XIII.    ACEKA'cEM      J^iU 


ARBORETUM    ET  PRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

A'cer  Pteudo-Vldtamu.     The 


XIII.    ^CEttA  CEX  :    jf  CER.  1 1 1 

rilw  Plane,  or  Ssrnamore,  Maple. 


ARBORETUM    ET   PRUTICITUH    1 


XIII.   ACEKA'CEja:    ^"CER. 

[hUJamd,  or  Ne^Mlitan,  iMairfe. 


ARBORETUM   ET   PRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

A^cer  pKudo-Pliitaittu  opuiifolia. 
The  Oput us- leaved  False  Plane,  or  St/camort. 


.XIII.   ^CERACB^S:    -^'CER.  |  |£ 

A'«r  (ypaht.     The  Opal,  or  ItaOm,  Maple. 


116 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


A^cir  circindtum.     The  round-leaved  Maple. 
Leaves  of     .▲       the  natural  su 


XIII.   ^CEnA^CEf:   ^Ver. 
A''eer  palmattini.    The  painmtC'Uaoed  Maple. 


118  AHBORETUM    KT    FRUTICETUM    BBITANNICVM. 

A'(W  eriocdrpum.     The  woolly  froited  Maple. 


XIII.    JCEHACEM:    ACt.TL  1|9 

A^eer  riAmm.     The  red-^fioutertd  Maple. 


Il 


XUI.    ACEKA'CEMi    ^Yek.    '  131 

A'oer  (TAfuwn.     The  Cretan,  or  variota-Uaved,  Maple. 


ARBOHETUU    ET    t'KUTICETUU    BKITANNICL^M. 


~J 


m 


Gm.  Char.  Sexct  diiEcioui.  Fhwcrt  without  a  corolla.  Caii/x  vitb  4 — S 
unegiial  teeth.  Male  Jlouieri  upon  thread-shaped  pedicels,  aod  disposed 
in  fascicles  ;  anlheri  4 — 5,  linear,  seaiile.  Female  fiowrri  disposed  in 
recemeB.  {Dec.  Prod.)  —  Deciduous  trees,  natirea  of  North  Amenca. 

Leaeei  compound,  opposite,  eistipulate,  deciduous;  impari-piniwte. — 
There  is  only  one  species  in  British  gardens. 

t  1.  N.  mixiNiro'LiUM  2fuit    The  Ash-leaved  N^undo. 

IAS.  i  D«.  Prod.,  l.p.«M.;  biHi°i 

!r  I/rphtdo  L.,  VftL 
id«  Smuk  uid  TWr. 


»«fiL|  tlia  Aib-laitd  Hw1«,  thi 

Black  Aili  i  E'ntd*  k  Fcdila  da 

-  -hm,  rr.;  B-nlila  t  Cifultm.  Jia. 

•  i  BtOiaiVaaitgtt  Aboni,  Otr.  i 


inglj'   J 

lener    T 


Spec.  Char.,  i^c.  Leaves  of  from 
3  to  5  leaflets,  the  opposite 
ones  coarsely  and  sparingly 
toothed,  the  odd  one  olVenci 
3-lobed  than  simple.  (Dec, 
Prod.)  A  deciduous  tree,  of  ^ 
the  middle  size.  CiuiBda  to  V 
Carolina.  Height  15  ft.  to 
30ft.  i  in  EngUnd  30  ft.  to  A 
40  ft.  Introduced  in  10S8.  •* 
Flowers  yellowish  green,  ap- 
pearing   with    the    leave;; 

April.    Keys  brown ;  ripe  in  '"'  ''••"•*-''"»'"i'«'™^ 

August,     beeaying  leaves  of  a  rich  yellow.     Naked  young  wood'  smooth, 
and  of  a  fine  pea  green.    Tlie  tree  in  the  Hort,  Soc.  Garden  is  a  male ;  but 
there  h  a  female  plant  in  the  collection  of  W.  Borrer,  Esq.,      Ucnfjcli). 
Fariclki. 

1  N.  f.  2  MipuD.  G.  Don.  (The  plate  in  Arb.  Brit.,  Istedit^  vol.v.;  and 
ourj%.  165.)— Leaves  variously  cut  and  curled.  The  plant  of  this 
variety  in  the  arboretum  of  the  Hort,  Snc  is  a  male :  the  idSo- 
r^ence  conMsts  of  pendulous  panicles  of  flowers,  that  are  green, 
with  some  redness  from  the  colour  of  the  anthers  i  and  each  ■■ 
placed  upon  a  slender  peduncle  of  about  1  in.  long. 
S  N.  f.  3  viotHceum  Booth. — Young  shoots  covered  with  a  violet  bloom. 
This  appearance  is  not  uncommon  in  the  young  shoots  of  diflerent 
kpecies  of  J^ccr  as  well  as  in  Ne^iouio, 


A  CCJE.      XIV.    ^ECULA  CEJE. 


A  npid-growing  tree  ;  very  ornBinental,  froni  its  compound  leave*,  and  the 
Sue  pes-greea  oT its  youoc  shoots;  arriving  at  maturity  in  15 — SO  yean. 
AmtricaD  aeedii,  which  ought  to  be  sown  as  soon  as  posNble,  or  layers,  in  any 


OtlKT     . 

ticKribaL 


f^>edei  of  Negundo. — K  calirdmicum  Tor.  <$-  Gray,  found  by  Douglas, 
•ed  to  be  B  new  species;  but  neither  rruiL.  nor  full-grovu  leevea,  are 


Order  XIV.     ^SCULA'CE^. 


Oaa.  Cbab.  Calyz  campanulate,  5-lobed.  Ooary  roundish,  trigonal.  Seedt 
\»if.e  and  globose;  albumen  wanting.  Etnbiyo  curved,  inverted;  with 
desby,  thick,  gibbous  cotyledons,  not  produced  aljisve  ground  in  germination. 
Pliimuie  larce,  S-teaved.  —  Deciduous  trees,  natives  of  North  America  and 

Lraca  compound,  opposite,  eistipulate,  deciduous;  leaflets  5 — 7,  ser- 
rated. Flouxn  terminal,  in  racemes,  somewhat  panicled.  —  All  the  linown 
plants  of  this  order  cros;>4ecundate  freely,  and  by  most  botanists  they  are 
included  in  one  genus;  but  so  numerous  are  the  garden  varieties,  that  we 
have  thought  it  more  convenient  to  follow  those  authors  who  separate  the 
•pedes  into  two  genera.  These  are  .^sculua  and  Pavio,  whieh  are  thus 
oatradiatii^uished :  — 

.f  scuLus  L.    Capsule  echinated. 
Va'vu  Boerh.     Capsule  smooth. 


124  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

Genus  I. 


iE^SCULUS  L.    The  Horsechestnut.    Lan,  Sytt,  Heptiadria  Monogynia. 

JdaUification*    Lin.  God.,  No. 468. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  I.  p.697. :  Don's  MUL,  1.  p. 863. 

^unonyma.    Hippoc&ftanum  Toum. ;  Marronier  d'lnde,  Ft.  \  RottkastaniaL  Qer. 

Derivation,  The  word  .^tculus,  derired  fi-om  aea^  nourithment,  ii  qyplled  by  Etlnj  to  a  •pedes 
of  oak,  which  had  an  eatable  acorn.  The  word  Hippoci«tanum,  fnm  kippog.  a  hone,  ana  em*- 
tameoy  a  chestnut,  is  said  by  some  to  have  been  giren  to  this  tree  ironically,  the  nuts,  though  they 
hare  the  appearance  of  sweet  chestnuts,  being  only  fit  for  horses  ;  and  by  others,  because  it  is  said 
the  nuts  are  used  in  Turkey,  for  curing  horses  of  pulmonary  diseases. 

Gen,  Char,  Calyx  campanulate.  Petals  4— 5,  expanded,  with  an  ovate  border. 
Stament  with  the  filaments  recurved  inwardly.  Capsules  echinated.  Leaflets 
sessile,  or  almost  sessile.  {DotCs  3ft//.)  —  Deciduous  trees,  natives  of  Asia 
and  North  America. 

Leaves  palmately  divided,  with  stalked  leaflets,  generally  rough.  Capsule 
rough.  Buds  generally  covered  with  resin. — Two  species  and  several 
varieties  are  in  British  gardens. 

The  common  horsechestnut  is  invariably  propagated  by  the  nuts,  which  are 
sown  when  newly  gathered,  or  in  the  following  spring ;  and  in  either  case  they 
will  come  up  the  succeeding  summer.  All  the  other  sorts,  as  being  varieties 
of  the  species,  are  propagated  by  budding  or  grafting.  Soil  deep  sandy  loam. 
Only  the  first  three  sorts  described  below  can  be  considered  as  true  horse- 
chestnuts  ;  the  remainder,  to  which  some  other  names  might  be  added,  we 
consider  as  hybrids  between  i&^sculus  and  some  kind  of  Pavia,  most  pro- 
bably P.  flava. 

t  1.  jE,  HiPPOCA^STANUM  L,    The  common  Horsechestnut. 

Identifieaikm.    Lin.  Sp.,  488. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  697. ;  and  Don's  Mill.,  1.  p.  659. 

Sifnomyma.    Hippocfatannm  Tulgkre  Towm. ;  Marronier  d'lnde,  Fr. ;  gemeine  Rosskastanle,  Ger.\ 

Marrone  d'lndia,  ItoL 
EngrtaringM.    Woodr.  Med.  Bot.,  1 128. ;  the  plate  of  this  species  in  the  Arb.  Brit..  1st  edit., 

Tol.  T. ;  and  our>^.  166. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaflets  7,  obovately  cuneated,  acute,  and  toothed.  A  large 
deciduous  tree.  Asia  and  North  America.  Height  50  ft.  to  60  ft:.  In- 
troduced in  1629.  Flowers  white,  tinged  with  red ;  May.  Fruit  brown  ; 
ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves  dark  brown.  Nidged  young  wood 
brown.    Buds  long,  lai^e,  greenish  brown,  covered  with  resin. 

Varieties, 

*i  JE.  H,  2  flore  plena. — Recorded  in  nurserymen's  catalogues,  but  not 

common. 
¥  IE,  H.3  a^eo^oariegdtum,  —  The  leaves  are  blotched  with  yellow,  but 
they  have  a  ragged  and  unhealthy  appearance,  and  are  by  no  means 
ornamental. 
t  M,  H,  ^  argSnteO'vaneghtum,  —  Leaves  blotched  with  white. 
¥  JE,  H,  5  mctsum  Booth.    ^.  asplenifolia  Hort.  —  Leaflets  cut  into 

shreds. 
Other  Varieties.     In  Booth's  Catalogue  are  the  names  ^.  H.  crispum, 
nigrum,  prse'cox,  striatum,  tortnosum,  &c.,  but  none  of  these,  nor  any  other 
variety  which  we  have  seen,  is  worth  culture. 

A  tree  of  the  largest  size,  with  an  erect  trunk,  and  a  pyramidal  head.  The 
leaves  are  lai^e,  of  a  deep  green  colour,  and  sinsularly  interesting  and  beau- 
tiful  when  they  are  first  developed.  When  enfolded  in  the  bud,  they  are 
covered  with  pubescence,  which  falls  off*  as  the  leaves  expand.  The  growth, 
both  of  the  tree  and  of  the  leaves,  is  very  rapid ;  both  shoots  and  leaves 
being  sometimes  perfected  in  three  weeks  from  the  time  of  foliation.  The 
wood  weighs,  when  newly  cut,  60  lb.  4  oz.  per  cubic  foot ;  and,  when  dry, 
35  lb.  7  oz. ;  losing,  by  drying,  a  sixteenth  part  of  its  bulk.    It  is  soft,  and 


XIV.   JtSCULA\;EA:   jfi'SCULUS. 


1^ 


unfit  for  me  where  great  ttrength,  and  duralnlit;  in  the  open  air,  are  required ; 
Dnerthdess,  ifaEre  are  manj  purpoEea  for  which  it  is  uiplicable  whea  sawn 
op  into  boards ;  such  w  for  flooring,  linings  to  oarts,  packing-cases,  &c.  The 
■tut]  nuj  be  und  when  burned  as  a  kind  of  ley,  or  substitute  for  soap.  The 
lit),  if  wanted  for  seed,  should  be  gathered  up  as  soon  as  they  drop,  and 
rilher  sown  or  mixed  with  earth ;  because,  if  they  are  left  exposed  to  the  air, 
ll>ef  will  lose  their  germinating  properties  in  a  month.  Some  nunerymen 
(Suae  the  nuts  to  germinate  before  sowing  them,  in  order  to  have  an  opportu- 
nil;  of  pinching  oS*  the  extremity  of  the  radicle  t  by  which  means  the  plants 
tin  prevented  nrom  forming  a  taproot ;  or,  at  least,  if  a  taproot  be  formed,  it 
■I  of  1  much  w^er  description  than  it  otherwise  would  be,  and  the  number 
of  lateral  fibres  is  increased ;  all  which  is  (avoursble  for  transplanting.  When 
die  tree  is  intended  to  attain  the  largest  sixe,  in  the  shortest  time,  the  nut 
Di^bt  to  be  sown  where  the  tree  is  finally  to  remwn ;  because  the  use  of  the 
Woot  is  mainly  to  descend  deep  into  the  soil,  to  procure  a  supply  of  water, 
■nicb,  in  dry  soils  and  seasons,  can  never  be  obtained  in  sufficient  quantities 
bj  the  lateral  roots,  which  extend  themselves  near  the  surface  in  search  of 
mxiriibiiienl  and  air. 
T  3.  ^.  (H.)  ohiob'nsis  Midix.    The  Ohio  ^sculus,  or  Honeckeilnut. 

UimtffaBam.    Hht.  Arti..  S.  p.Mt. ;  Dix.  Prod..  1.  p.  S9I. :  Don'l  Hill..  1.  p.  ««. 
tftifma.    .£.  DhlD^niU  Limll.;  t X.  pNlMU  WOld.-,  ^ccliliilu  MM.;  iS.  fHtin   Tor.  • 
CiWt   TkriM    ohlo^iuil  WICAi.  1    Tttis  (Lkbn  Spool  i    Ohln  Bucttie,  fcUd  BacksTS.  Amrr. 

•H(  la  Sr^mrSac.  Girdnii.  ud  with  Dr.'  Llndlsy'i  deKrl[itlciii  of  It  In  Bol.  Brg,  Ibr  ISM, 
ttntuifi.    Hldn.  Aib..  1. 1.  K'l  Boi.  Rif.,  iSM.  LSI. :  ud  our  A 
Spec.  Clua-^  j-e.     Stamens  nearly  twice   the  length  of 

tbe  (yellowish  white)  corolla;  peCaU  4^  spreading,  a 

little  unequal,  the  claw  scarcely  the  length  of  the 

CHDpanulBte  calyx ;  thyrsus  racemose,  loosely  flow- 
Ted  ;  leaJIets  b,  oval  or  oblong,  acuminate,  fine  and 

unequally  5eTTate,glabrous,  {Tor.  amlGray,i.  p.  221.) 

A  deciduous  tree  of  tbe  middle  sixe.     Pennsylvania 

and  Virginia.  Hright  in  America  10ft.  to  30ft.;  in  the 

cGmate  of  London  apparently  the  same  as  the  com- 
mon hontechestnut    Introduced  in  ?  1820,    Flowers 

white,ydlow,  and  red;  May  and  June.  Fruit  brown; 

ripe  in  October.      Bark  rough,  fetid.    Branches  of 

toe   thyrsus   of  flowers  short,  4 — O-flowered ;   the 

Bowers  mostly  unilateral,  small  (not  half  the  size  of 

those  of  the  tximmon  horsechentnut).   Fruit  prickly, 

resembling   that   of   the    ciilttvatcd    borsecbestnut. 

but  scarcely  half  the  size.  (ror.onJGray,!.  p.fi5l.) 


ET   FRUTICKll.M    URITANNICOM. 

According  to  Michaux.  ihc  American  horsechesinul  is  commonly  a  hush  or 
lotr  tree,  rrnm  lOftto  IS  ft.  in  heigiit;  but  it  is  sometimes  30  or  35  feet  hi^'h, 
trunk  12  or  15  inches  in  iliameter.  He  found  ii  only  on  the  banks  of  the  Ohio ; 
but  Torrev  and  Gray  give  as  iti  habitats  the  vestem  parts  of  PennsjlTania, 
Virpnia,  Ohio,  Kentucky.  The  tree  in  the  Hort,  Soc.  Garden  is  of  equally 
vigorous  growth  with  the  common  hors^hestnut  i  the  leaves  are  larger,  and 
oiB  bright  fireen :  on  the  supposition  that  this  is  the  j£.  ohio&aaiaot  MicAje.  and 
T^r.ij-Grov,  we  have  no  doubt  in  our  own  mind  that  tt  is  only  avariety  of  the 
common  horsechestnut.  Dr.  Lindley,  however,  is  of  a  different  opiniou,  coo- 
sidcring  it  us  a  distinct  species.  (See  Boi,  Reg.,  IS38,  t.  51.) 
1  3.  ^.  (H.)  Rui 


D«  I/orL.  ud  Lmil.  Bol.  Ha. ;  .£.  rftiu  Hen, :  X.  axetaet  Bart. ;  M, 
...,, .-!.  rudlcOniJuin  Sckt^m;  IE.  WUibm^u  Sjach;   MiTTooier  niblraDd.  ft.j 

Dendr..  I. 111.,  u  .8.  ctniH;  vHt  plUe  of  tbU  I'pKlH'la  Arb.  Blit..  Iitsiut.,  rol.  >.  ;  aiid  ant 
fits.  I«. 

Spec.  Char.,  rj-c.  Petals  4,  with  the  claws  shorter  than  the  calyi.  The 
flowers  are  scarlet,  and  very  ornamental ;  the  leaves  of  a  deeper  green  than 
those  of  any  other  sort,  and  they  have  a  red  spot  at  the  base  of  the  petioles 
of  the  leaflets  on  the  under  side,  l^e  flowen  come  out  of  a  dark  red,  and 
die  off"  Htill  darker.  Fruit  prickly.  A  deciduous  tree,  below  the  middle 
size.  ?  Hybrid  from  North  America,  Height  SO  ft.  to  30  ft.  Cultivated 
in  1820.  'Flowers  red ;  May  and  June.  Fruit  brown  ;  ripe  in  f>ctober. 
It  is  doubtful  whether  this  tree  is  a  native  of  North  America,  or  orij^natei) 

in  British  gardens.    It  passes  under  different  names  in  diSbrent  a 


as  will  be  seen  by  our  list  of  sjmonymes,  and  TB»y  be  considered  as  differing 
little,  if  at  all,  from  j£.  cfcmea  LhuU.  It  is  distinguished  from  Pavta  r^bm 
by  its  larger  Hid  rougher  leave* ;  and  from  M.  Hippoc^stannm  by  the  leaves 


Ai«.   ASCULACE^:    ^SCULUS.  127 

broig  fuller  and  more  UDeren  on  the  Eurftce,  uwl  of  a  deeper  green.  The 
tree  it  also  smaUer,  and  of  tnach  less  vigorous  growth  tbHi  ibe  comnion 
bcntdieniiut.      b   m,   without   doubt,   tw   most  onumeata]   sort   of  the 

t  JB.  (ff.)  8  r.  rdtea.  ..E'sculue  rdsea  Wori.  — This  yariety  differs  from 
^.  (H.)  mtncunds,  in  having  the  leaflets  without  a  red  spot  at  the 
base  of  the  pedoies.     The  flowers  come  out  of  a  pnle  red,  and  die 
off  about  the  same  shade  as  the  flowers  of  j£.  fH.)  rubiciinda  ere 
when  thej  first  appear. 
(Mer  Vanetia,    There  are   several  names  in  gardens,  and  in  nursery- 
men's catalogues,  which  appear  to  belong  to  ^.  (rl.)  rutncljnda,  but  how 
fir  the}'  are  worth  keeping  distinct,  we  are  very  doubtful.     Whilie^i  nitu 
fmWri,  of  which  there  is  an  imported  tree  in  the  Fulhaui  Nursery,  is  said 
to  have  flowers  of  a  <larber  scHrlet  than  any  of  the  above-named  varieties ; 
md,  if  io.  it  may  be  recorded  as  M.  (H.)  r.  SWhiil^M.     M.(H.)  ameri- 
ma  of  the  same  nursery  belongs  also  to  JE.  ruincGnda. 

I  i.  M,  flLA'BBjt  Wmd.     The  smooth-Jeartd  .£>culus,  or  HoriecheitmU. 
lta^0aHiii.    wind.  Zimn..  p.  MS.  -.  Dm.  Pnd..  1.  p.BST.  i  Doo'i  Hill.,  I.  p.CII. 
btrinp.    Bafqc  AbtiUd.,  t.M.  ;  ml  our j^.  1G»,  HO. 

^Drc.  C%ar.,  4«.     Claws  of  thepetabof  about  the  length  of  the  calyx.     Leaf- 
letji  of  a  pale  green,  very  smooth.     Flowers  of  a  greenish  yellow.    A  de- 
ciduous low  tree.     North  America.     H»ght  80  ft.  Co  30  ft.     Introduced  in 
)8ie.    Flowers yeUow  ;  June.   Fruit  brown;  ripe  in  October. 
This  sort  is   very  distinct  j 

but  it  is  evidently  not  the  ^a- 

mluB    ^abra    of    Torre^   and 

Gray,  but  probably  a  vanety  of 

the  j£'sculus   flava   of   thesr 


>,  with  rough  fruit.  The 
whole  plant  is  comparatively 
^hbroQs,  and  even  the  fruit 
partakes  of  that  quality.  The 
Ireeis  of  less  vigorous  grovrth 

ihao  jE.   rulMciinda ;   and  the  ,„    •w_,_j,t«. 

■hoots  take  s  more  upright  di- 
nflion.      It  appears  to  lose  its  leaves  sooner  than  most  of  the  other  sorts. 

I  5.  j£.  (o.)  TA'ixiDi  IfiUd.  The  peie-_fioiiieTed  Maculm,  or  Horiechetlml. 
Id.  EuDn..  p.WA.!  WtrmDni-,f**-t  Dm.  Piod.,  1.  jlBST.;  Don'i  NllL,  1. 


&«nc^i.     lWuAbblld..l.lt.|  ind  oorjlf.  171. 

Spec.  Char.,  4c.     Petals  with  the  claws  shorter  than   the  calyx.     Stamens 

twice  as  long  as  the  corolla.    A  deciduous  low  tree.   Originated  in  gardens. 

Heijtbt  soft,  to  30ft.     Cultivated  in  1812.     Flowers  pale  yellow;  May 

aod  June.     Fruit  brown ;  ripe  in  October. 

This  sort  so  closely  resemble'*  M.  glabra,  a-i  to  leave  no  doubt  in  our  mind 
of  its  being  a  variety  of  that  species.  It  is  of  somewhat  more  robust  growth, 
sad  the  leaves  are,  perhap«,  not  quite  so  smooth. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETl'M    BRITANNICVM. 


le  worth  notice,  except  those  already  recorded. 


isa 


u\ 


PA'VIA  Boerh.    ThB  PaVIA,  BrCKSYE,  or  SuOOTH-FItUJTUD  HORSECBSST- 
SVT  Tree.    Lin.  Si/it,  Heptindria  Monogynia. 

Drrnofmi.  In  bODOUr  or  FiUr  Pia,  l  Dulcb  bounlll.'  ODCs  uinfeoor  nf  boliiir  il  Lcrdn. 
Buctaja  hu  rafemin  lo  Ilio  EoniplcuooiDcu  of  ths  hlLum  of  At  tti,  vtm  uk™  duc  nl  tb> 

Gal.  Char.  Caluz  tubular.  Petalt  4,  erect,  muTow.  Slemeru  gtreight.  Cap- 
mlei  unanneJ.  (Don't  MUl.^  —  Middle-sized  deciduoiis  trees  or  ■hnitn, 
natives  of  North  America;  distinguishable  from  the  horiiechestnuts  by  the 
■moothneai  of  their  fruit,  and  the  comparative  smallness  of  their  flowen, 
which  have  their  petals  erect  and  narrower. 

Leavei  palmate,  with  5 — 7  leaflets,  amooth.     Flowen  small,  with  erect 

and  narrow  petaU.    Sudi  blunt,  not  covered  with  resin,  —  There  are  three 

spedes,  and  several  varieties  or  hybrids,  in  British  gardens. 

DistiDguisbed   from   the  conunon   horsechestnuta,   by  being   BroHller  and 

smoother  id  all  their  parts.    There  are  probably  only  three  aboriginal  spcdes : 

but  there  are  several  beautiful  garden  varieties,  or  hybrids.     Culture  the  same 

as  for  the  common  horaecheslnut. 

X  1.  P.  rv'bra  Lam-     The  Ted-^fioviered  Pavia, 
jAoUBB.    Lun.  Illuil.;  Dk.  Prod..  ].p.»R.;  Don'iHIII.,  l.p.6M. 

iapvTtndK  Horl.  :  ucill  Buckerc.  Amrr. ;  B^onter  Pule,  or'hrtc  1  Flnin  TDunf'fv! '; 
...jiRcHtkuUDk.Gn-.i  Hurena  dl  Paw. /uJ. 
Emrmbifi.    Lub.  Illuil.,  LZ73.,  Uaine  AbMld.,  ttl.  i  Wiu.  Dnd.,  1.110. :  Kniuc  t.  fiS. ;  Dm 
pliugrUldregla  Vb.  Brll..  lUnik.ToLT,  i   ud  our^.  IIS 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Corolla  of  4  petals,  that  are  longer  than  the  staincna. 
Leaflets  5,  elliptic-oblong,  tapered  to  both  ends,  and  smooth,  an  in  the 
petiole;  axils  of  the  nerves  hairy  nn  the  under  surface  of  the  leaf.  fOee. 
Prod.)  A  slender-crowing  tree.  Virginia  and  Carolina,  on  mountains. 
Height  lOfl.  to  iOfu  Introduced  in  1711.  Flowers  brownish  scarlet  : 
May  and  June.  Fruit  brown  ;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves  brown. 
Naked  young  wood  reddith  brown. 


XIT.    .2SCULA  CE.e  :    PA  Vljt. 


»  />,  r.  9  orgiibi  O.  Don. 
(B.Rej.,t.9Bl;(Mr 
^.  172.)_A  band- 
■ome  iOMll  tree,  with 
daric  browniib  red 
flowen,diArii)g1ittle 
from  thoM  of  P.' 
rubra.  loEiwIucediD 

7ieso. 


Dend.  Brit.  I.  ISO. 
jE.  p.  ternta  Hnrl. 
—  Leaflets  Bcuteljr 
■errated  i  in  other  r^ 
ipecti  it  dtflen  little 
from  the  Bpecies. 
•  P.  r.  4  iiiniCf.  P.hil- 
mihi  G.  Am;  aod 
.£'iculut      bilmilis 

ImU.  (Bot.  Reg.,t.  „t  ?»ri.>tiB«,»fc 

lOIS;   and  our  Jte. 

173.)— A  diminuUTe,  wesk,  rtraggling  fonn  of  the  •pedes,  probably 
obtuoed  from  lome  sport,  and  wUch,  on  its  own  root,  ii  only  a  re- 


cumbent buih,  fitnn  S  ft.  to  3  ft.  in  ho^t ;  but  which,  when  grafted 


130  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

on  the  common  horsechestnut,  fonni  t 
low  tree  of  which  there  is  a  plate  in  the  Arb.  Brit.,  IeI  ei 
In  addition  to  these  >arietiea,  there  ere  the  three  forms  which  are  enu- 
merated below. 

In  its  native  country  this  s|iecieB  varies  in  magnitude  Troni  a  low  ramblii^ 
■hnib  to  a  tree  ol'  SO  ft.  or  more  in  height.  In  England  P.  rubra  u  io  culti- 
vation in  various  forms :  as  a  tree,  in  which  charact^  it  has,  at  Sjon  (see 
our  plate  in  tlie  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol.  v.),  attained  the  height  of  86  R. ;  ai 
a  pendulous  tree  of  12  or  H  feet  in  height  (see  our  plate  iu  the  Arb.  Brit., 


1st  edit.,  vol.  v.,  under  the  name  of  P.  r.  t^ndula) ;  and  as  a  trullng  shrub, 
under  the  nanie  of  P.  h^ntilis,  in  the  London  Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  and  in  the 
arboretum  of  Mesxn.  Loddiges. 

I  2.     P.  flaVa  Dee.     The  jellow^itoum-erf  Pavia, 

Summtima,  f  ■nilui  Uim  AiL,  Uaipit,  uid  Tor.  »  Ornf  :  X,  IDui  VohfA  ;  Yltta  Ittua  fair.  : 
I)i>  turn  Bsckeje.  b1|  BuckCTe.  Amrr. ;  Ui*  ^llow  Pirti ;  IlH  t>I1dw  troTHdrnDiiit. 

Enrrarmti.  Wau.  Dcnd.  Brit.,  [■  IGI.  ;  tha  |ilU«  In  Alt.  BtiL,  1>l  hUI..  toL  t.  ;  mi  oor 
A.  171 

Spee.  Char.,  ^c.  Petioles  pubescent,  flattiah  towards  the  tip.  Leaflets  5— 7> 
pubescent  beneath,  and  ^ve  upon  the  nerves.  {Dtc.  Pri>d,)  A  deciduous 
tree  of  the  middle  size,  Virginia  and  Oeorgia,  in  fertile  vallefs.  Height 
30  ft.  to  80 1^.  in  America  ;  30  ft.  to  40  ft.  in  England.  Introduced  in  1764. 
Flowers  yellow ;  April  and  May.  Fruit  brown ;  ripe  in  October,  Detmy- 
ing  leaves  yellow,  tinged  with  brown.  Naked  voung  wood  yellowish  brown. 
A  more  vigoroui  and  rigid-growing  tree  than  P.  rubra,  with  the  branches 


ofiight;  whereai  in  P.  Hlbra  they  are  apreading,  slender,  and  pendiHoiu. 
una  paler  than  in  P.  rikbra.  To  thrive,  it.  like  all  the  other  ^acul^ete, 
Rquire*  a  deqi  rich  soil.  Propagated  by  budding,  because  the  colour  of  the 
flowen  ii  found  to  vary  much  in  plant*  rwsed  from  seed. 

r  3,  p.  (p.)  (cbgi-b'cta  G.  Don.     The  neglected  Pavia. 

rt.  BriC.p.  149.1  D<)n'lMlU.,l.p.CU.,  SwL  Holt.  Drll.,p.n. 
|H(U  Umdi.  In  Bet.  Kit. 
t,  IMS.  j  ml  vaifit.  \n. 


132 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Spec,  Char,^  S^e,  Leaflets  5,  lanceolate,  serrulated,  tapering  to  the  tiase,  flat, 
rath^  plicate,  smooth  beneath,  but  pilose  in  the  axis  of  the  veins.  Calyx 
campanulate,  obtusely  5-toothc»i,  about  the  length  of  the  pedioeL  Stamens 
rather  longer  than  the  corolla.  Superior  petal  veined.  {DoiCs  Jiiff.)  A 
deciduous  tree.  North  America.  Height  20  ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  m 
1823.  Flowers  yellow  and  red ;  May  and  June,  a  week  earlier  than  P. 
fl^va.  Fruit  brown ;  ripe  in  October.  Leaves  with  rufous  down  on  the 
veins  on  the  upper  side.  Flowers  pale  yellow,  veined  with  red,  disposed  in 
thyrsoid  racemes.    Capsules  unarmed,  but  the  ovary  tomentose. 

A  tree  resembling  P^via  fl&va  but  smaller.  The  plant  in  the  H5rt.  Soc 
Garden  was  purchased  from  M.  Catros  of  Bordeaux,  under  the  name  of  M. 
ohio^nsis.  In  the  Bat  Reg.  it  is  said  to  be  most  nearly  related  to  JE»  (Pkm) 
fliva,  but  to  differ  from  it  in  the  flowers  appearing  a  week  or  10  days  earlier, 
and  in  the  leaflets  being  more  glabrous,  with  rufous  down  on  the  veins  on  the 
upper  side,  and  with  hairs  in  the  axils  of  the  veins  on  the  under  sur&ce. 

S  4.  P.  M ACROCA^RPA  Hort,    The  long-fruited  Pavia. 

Svmm^me.   ^icnlui  FiTui  macroeftrpa  Latd,  Cai^  1880. 
Engravingi.    The  plate  in  Arb.  BrlL,  roL  t.  ;  and  oar^.  177. 

Spec.  Guvr.,  ^c.  Leaves  glabrous  on  both  sides.  Leaflets  ovate^anceolate. 
A  deciduous  tree  under  the  middle  size.     A  garden  hybrid  between 


177.    Pkvfa 


^'sculus  and  Pavia  ?riibra.  Height  20  ft.  to  30  ft.  Cultivated  id  1820. 
Flowers  pale  red  and  yellow,  nearly  as  large  as  the  common  horsechestnut ; 
May  and  June.    Fruit  brown ;  ripe  m  October. 


■vebiXCiglali 
g  and  toooe; 


xiT,  JBsctTLA'tXM:  riH^iA.  138 

e,glabn>u«OD  the  i^peraurface,  and  shining.  Thebnnchca 
■ooe;  and  the  whole  tree  haa  an  open  rrBcefiil  appear- 
from  that  coupactneu  of  form  and  rigidit;  of  branche* 

■hidi  bekng  to  moat  of  the  tree  species  and  varieties  both  of  JS'aculua 

ndPani. 

■  b.  P.  Di'scoLOR  Swl.     He  liio-oa\QaiKA-Jlowered  Pavia. 

Pin-,  f  dbcDior  jw.  4  Orar- 

Spa.  Cha-^  ic.  Leaflets  5,  acuminate  at  both  ends,  tomentOM  beneath,  un- 
eqnallj  serrulated.  Raceme  thjrsotd,  many-flowered.  Corolla  of  four  con- 
ninDg  petals,  with  their  claws  the  length  of  the  catvi.  Stamens  7,  shorter 
thsD  the  eoroUa.  (Don'i  Mill.)  A  deciduous  tree-like  shrub.  Vii^inia  and 
Oeoipi,  in  fertile  valleys  and  on  mounloias.  Height  3  ft.  Co  10  ft.  Id- 
ttoduced  in  1612.  Flowers  Tarieeated  with  white,  yellow,  and  piicplet 
Maraud  June.  Fruit  brown ;  ripe  m  October.  Decaying  iemet  jreUowitb 
brown.  Naked  young  wood  of  a  browniah  stoae.4:olour. 
The  whole  plant,  including  the  joung 

•Dod,  a  corered    with  pubescence. 

The  Sowtra  are  lai^  showy,  continu- 
ing a  loog  lime  expanding,  and  nume- 

Riui  i&wigh  they  are  but  ^Mringly 

BKCeeded  by  &mt.    When  the  plant 

ia  railed  from   seed,  it  is  remartaUo 

fcr  ill  thick,  Beeby,  carrot-like  roots, 

^uch,  in  freE  soil,  penetrate  perpendi-  . 

nUy  to  the  d^th  of  8  or  10  feet  f 

li^ore  ifaey   branch.      Unless    when 

gtafled  on  ^.  EJippoc4ataamnT  it  ia 

■eUoo  seen  above  4   or   5  feet   in 

lieigbt;  but  it  is  a  vety  free  flowerer, 

loci,  considered  as  b  ahrub,  is  in  Hay, 

■ba  it  is  m  flower,  one  of  the  moat 

mamental  that  the  British  Rrboretum  ,-    -.,.  ..   , 

*ris.  .w.r«.— - 

•  6.  P.  hickosta'chta  Loii,     The  kn^^mcemed  Pavia. 
tmf^-J^  ""'^j?.'?^ iJ^  p™j,  1.  p.  W.I  Ddo-.  mi.,  I,  B. ««. 

!J2"»^^'  "'*■  "WH-'W  ^r*.  «■,  t.  61. 1  HiroUiJrio.  dlMlw  fcnoti  Pirt^i 
,;?*  .'  P".  rnltr  luiB,  Fr. ;  lingiduin  GmkMUnla,  e»r, 
•V-ttf^    LdIl  Hh-h,  Abul.  l  11%  1  ll^  AtobUd.,  t.  «. ,  ud  ow  Ilk- 1)» 
^-  tier,  4-(r.     Stamens   much   longer 

tlm  the  corolla.    Raceme*  v^y  long. 

Root   stolcDJIerous,      Flo  wen   white, 

(Ax.   Prod.)      A    deciduous    ahnA, 

vidi  DumeTDus  radicled  shoots.    South 

Cvolina  ud  Georgia.    Height  in  Ame- 

'ica  !fl.  to   4ft.i    in   the  climate  of 

London  tOit  to  15ft.     Introduced  in 

1880.  Flowers  white,  with  long  pro- 
jecting stamens,  which  give  the  spike  ■ 

iae   fiioged    appearance ,-    July    and 

AupM.  Fruit  brown ;  ripe  in  October. 

^  ihoots  are  slender,  ^reading,  and 
"woag  at  the  j<nuts  where  they  happen 
»  wt  on  the  soil,  with  ascendent  extre- 

**».  TTie  tree  comes  into  flower  about  a  '"■  '*'**  ■"■—■" 

«th  or  aU  wedu  huer  than  the  other  ^scuttcew,  and  continues  flowering. 


134  ARBORETUM   £P  FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

in  the  case  of  large  plants  on  moist  soil,  for  three  months  or  longer,  forming 
one  of  the  greatest  fioral  ornaments  of  the  shrubbery,  at  a  season  when  rery 
few  trees  or  shrubs  are  in  flower.  The  fruit,  which  is  small,  seldom  ripens 
in  England :  but  in  America  it  is  said  to  'be  eaten,  boiled  or  roasted ;  and 
M.  Poiteau,  accordingly,  has  included  this  species  of  Pkvia  in  his  list  of  fruit 
trees.  Layers ;  or  seeds,  when  they  can  be  procured,  and  which  ought  to  be 
sown  as  soon  as  possible  after  they  are  ripe. 

Other  Kinds  of  Potria. — Pdma.  caiifomica  {M,  calif6mica  iVi(<^.)  has  been 
described  by  Torrey  and  Gray,  but  is  not  yet  introduced.  P.  Lyorm  is  in  the 
Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  but  has  not  yet  flowered  there.  We  have  omitted  in  this 
edition  P.  hfbrida,  described  by  DeCandolIe  as  a  truly  intermediate  plant  be- 
tween P.  rubra  and  P.  fl^va,  with  yellow,  white,  and  purple  flowers ;  because 
the  only  plant  which  we  have  seen  bearing  this  name,  that  in  the  Hort.  Soc. 
Gkirden,  has  the  flowers  yellow,  and  appears  merely  a  very  slight  variety  of 
P.  flava.  In  nurserymen's  catalogues  there  are  several  names  which  we 
have  not  noticed  ;  for  the  truth  is,  that  the  diflTerent  kinds  of  J^sculus  and 
Pkvta  cross-fecundate  so  freely,  and  seedlings  vary  so  much,  that  there  is 
no  limit  to  the  number  of  varieties  that  might  be  produced.  The  great  error 
(because  it  creates  so  much  confusion  in  the  nomenclature)  consists  in  giving 
these  varieties  to  the  world  as  species. 

It  is  almost  unnecessary  to  observe,  that  all  the  most  valuable  varieties, 
of  both  .^sculus  and  Pavta,  are  best  perpetuated  by  budding  or  grzifting,  and 
that  collectors  ought  always  to  see  that  the  plants  they  purchase  have  been 
worked.  Pavta  rubra  as  a  tree,  P.  dfscolor  either  as  a  shrub  or  grafted  standard 
high,  and  P.  macrostachya  as  a  shrub,  ought  to  be  in  every  collection,  whether 
small  or  large.  Pavia  nQmilis,  when  grafted  standard  high  ou  the  common 
horsechestnut,  forms  an  ornament  at  once  singular  and  bcautiiul.  As  the 
horsechestnut  is  to  be  found  in  most  plantations,  those  who  are  curious  in  the 
species  and  varieties  might  graft  them  on  the  upper  branches  of  old  trees  ;  or 
young  trees  might  be  headed  down,  and  one  kind  grafted  on  each. 


Order  XV.     SAPINDA^CEiE. 

Ojid.  Chas,  Flowert  polygamous.  —  Males  with  the  calyx  more  or  less  deeply 
4— 5-parted.  Petals  4—5,  or  occasionally  absent,  alternate  with  the 
sepals.  Disk  fleshy.  Stamens  8 — 10,  inserted  into  the  disk.  —  Hernmpkro^ 
dite  flowers  with  the  calyx,  petals,  disk,  and  stamens  as  in  the  males. 

Ovary  S-celled.    Cotyledons  incumbent.    Plumule  S-leaved.    (Lindl,) A 

tree,  a  native  of  China. 

Leaves  compound,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous.  Flowers  terminal, 
in  racemose  panicles,  small,  white  or  ^rellow.  —  There  is  only  one  hardy 
species  belonging  to  this  order  in  British  gardens,  namely,  Rolreuteria 
paniculata  Laxm, 

Genus  I. 


KOLREUTE'R/il  Laxm.    The  Kolreuteria.    Lin.  Syst.   Oct&ndria 

Monogynia. 

JdentHUaHon.    Laxm.  Acad.  Fetr.,16.  p.  661.;   L*H<rit.  Scrt,  18.  1. 19.:  Willd.  Spec  PL.  sao    . 

Dec:  Prod.,  1.  p.  616. ;  Don's  MIIL,  I.  p.  673.  t  •«».  4 

Bmtmifmei.    Sapindus  ip.  Lin.JU. :  Colreuteria,  ItaL 
DerhmHom.    In  honour  of  Jokn  TkeopMms  KSlreuttr,  once  profetior  of  oatural  Ustoir  at  GavI* 

nihe,  and  celebrated  for  hit  retcarcbcf  on  the  pollen  of  planto.  ^^^^nm^ 


XV.    .CSCULA^CEA.       XVI.    flTA'cEiS.  Id5 

(Tn.  cJor.,  rfc.  CWyr  of  S  leptli.  Pffo/f  4,  each  with  S  iCBles  M  the  bue. 
Ctf—le  3-celled,  inflated.  Seedt  ovaie-irlobaBe,  ihe  seed-coat  peretratlng 
bto  the  Bced,  and  occupying  in  the  place  of  an  axi*  the  centre  of  the  em- 
brjo,  which  ii  ipirall;  convoluted.     (Dec.  Prod.) 

Leavrt  impari-pinnate,  of  many  pairs  of  leaflets,  that  are   ovate  uid 
coutdj  toothed.     Fiatpert  yellow,  in  panicles.  —  A  deciduous  tree. 

f  1.  K.  Puiictn.i'Ti  Laxm.     The  panicledjfowmiv  Kolreuterio. 

Un^mlim     LxuB.  Aod.  FKr.,  IS.  p.  UI.  ^  Dk.  Prod.,  I.  p.  Gl«.  i  Don't  HIU,  l.,p.  SR. 

»■!  I  1(1.    S^il^duichiBiaiil  lA.  JS.  Sl^p.ltl.;  K.  ptullliviMrf  L'Hfrtl.  S«t.  i  tmnmiltT 

bfrviap.    M.  Ilu  H*iB..  1.  t.  M.  i  Bol.  itC(.,'L  Ma  i  ud  Uw  plUc  of  Ihs  tn>  In  ATb.  Drll.. 

^.  do-.,  fc.  LesTea  impari-pinnate,  with  ovate  leaflets,  coanely  loathed. 
Floven  polygamous,  A  deciduous  tree  of  the  middle  size.  North  of 
ChiDB  Height  soft,  to  40ft.  in  the  climate  of  London.  Introduced  in 
1T63.  Flowers  yellow,  in  terminal,  racemose,  spreading  panicles  ;  July 
■nd  August,  fruit  a  bladdery  capsule,  whitish  hrown ;  ripe  iu  October. 
Decaying  leaves  deep  yellow.  Naked  young  wood  bruwn. 
It  is  Tcry  hardy ;  the  hermaphrodite  plants  aot  unfrequently  ripening  seeds 

■  the  oei^itwiutKiod  of  LoiuIod.     It  has  not  only  a  very  fine  appearance 


/ 


■km  in  flower,  but  also  in  autumn,  when  the  tree  is  covered  with  it*  luge 
tiUdery  rapaule*,  and  the  leaves  change  to  b  deep  yellow,  which  they  do 
Man  tbey  bJI  offl  It  is  of  the  easiest  culture  in  any  common  soil,  and  is 
n>dily  propagated  either  by  seeds  or  cuttings  of  the  root  or  branches.  In  the 
~'  '  »  it  is  generally  prupagated  by  seed. 


Order  XVI.     TITA'CE.^. 


O'o.  CajK.  Calyx  small.  PetaJt  4  or  5.  Samoa  equal  id  number  to  the 
petsb ;  filaments  distinct,  or  slightly  cohering  at  the  base.  Anlhen  verta- 
■le.     Ovarium  S-cdlcd.      Fhdt  a  pulpy  berry.     Scedt  4  oc  5,  fewer  by 


13fl  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANHICUH. 

■bortion  i  embryo  erect ;  albumen  bard.  —  Climbing  shrubc,  with  tnmid 
■Ppcrable  Joints. 

Leavei  simple  or  compoiuid,  opposite  or  sltemate,  Rtipulate,  deciduont ; 
the  lower  ones  opposite,  the  upper  alternate.  Flowert  axillary,  racacose, 
sometimes  by  abortion  changing  to  tendrils,  whicb  are  generally  oppodte  to 
the  leaves  ;  small,  green.  —  Shrubs,  trailing  and  climbing,  deciduous,  and 
including  the  grape  vine,  which  may  be  considered  as  the  type  of  the 
order.  The  genera  which  conCun  hardy  species  are  three,  wbicb  are  that 
contradiitiDguiihed :  — 

Ci'tis.     Style  wanung.     Petals  3. 

Ahpelo'psis.     Style  1.    Petals  5. 

Ci'ssus.    Style  1.    Pctab  4. 

Genus  L 

(TTIS  L.    Thb  Obapb  Vinb.    Ua.  Syl.  Pent^dria  Monogynia. 

UntHkallim.    Un.  Ga.,  384. :  D«.  Prod.,  1.  p.  OS. :  Dim'i  UllU  I .  p.  893. 
Sunoiyma.    GIml,  CelUc ;  Vld.  Spmn. :  Vlgne,  Fr. ;  Vile,  IlaL ;  Wola,  Ow, 

Gm.  Char.  Flowen  hermaphrodite,  dicedouE  or  triceciout.  Co^  commonly 
6-taothed.  PelaU  5,  cohering  at  the  top,  separating  at  the  base,  and  de- 
ciduous. Stameiu  5.  {Dec.  frod.) — Climbing  tendnled  shrubs,  deciduous ; 
natives  of  Asia  and  North  America. 

.  Leavet  simple,  alternate,  siipulate,  lobed  or  serrated.  Flowen  in  thyr- 
soid  racemes,  small,  and  of  a  greenish  yellow- — There  are  several  species  in 
British  gardens,  the  principal  of  which  is  the  grape  vine. 

11.   r,  tinl'fbra  i.     The  wine-bearing  Vine. 

Id,  9fB!.,  na  :  Dk.  Frod..  I.  p.  RS, :  Don'i  U<ll.,  1.  p.  CB& 
M.  rt-.  i«n«liier  WrtDKock,  Qtr.  i  Vlte  di  Vino,  BaL 

— ■ .-    — 1.  Atb.  Ft,  1. 1. 16. 1  Jicq,  It.  I.  p.  01. ;  ud  ourji- 181 

Spec.  Char.,S^c.  Leayes 

lobed,  toothed,  si- 

nuated,  or  serrated, 

naked    or    downy. 

{Dec.  Prod.)  A  de- 

ciduous      tendnled 

climber.  Syria.  Stem 

20  ft.  to  50  ft.    Cul- 
tivated in   16M,  or 

probably    from   the 

lime  of  the  Romans. 

Flowers      greenish 

yellow,        scented ; 

JuneandJuly.  Fruit  . 

green,  red,  or  black ;  i 

ripe      in     Uclober. 

Etecaying  leaves  yel-  '"■  nattutat. 

low  or  red.    Naked  young  wood  yellowish  brown, 
Varietie:     The  grape  vine  has  been  in  cultivation  from  the  remotett  period  of 

history,  in  the  warmest  parts  of  the  temperate  zones  of  the  Old  World. 

The  varieties  have  been  described  at  length  by  Du  Hamel  in  France,  Don 

Roxai  de  Clementi  in  Snain.  and  Sicklcr  in  Gennany.   The  varieties  of  the 

vine  as  a  fruit  shrub,  and  all  that  reUtes  to  thdr  propagation  and  culture, 

will  be  found  treated  of  m  our  EneycU^xtdia  of  Gardeimig  ;  and  we  shall 


XTI.    FITA^CEM:    n*TIS.  197 

kcte  onlf  notice  those  which  we  think  deaening  of  cuhiTation,  m  orn^ 
Qwotu  Bud  tia^^flut-flowcred  chmben. 
i  V.ti.  assail  iwwu.     Miller'i  G«pe,  or  WUert  black  auiter  Gr^w. 
—  LcBTet  aknoet  entire,  small,  woolly,  and  whititb.     Fruit  round, 
udbII,  in  compact  bunches,  black.  Tbit  nriety  ii  lelected  ob  acconnt 
of  the  whiteneaa  of  its  leaves, 
i  V.   0.  3  fiSiM   nOacintilmt.     The    Claret* 
Qnpe ;  Tenlurier,  Ft-.  (If.  Du  Ham.,  var,  J 
7S.,  not  Clairette  Du  Ham.,  nr.  12.)  — 
The  leaves  are  larger  than  thoae  of  the 
preceding  Tarietj,   and  more  lobed   and 
notched  :  in  the  autumn,  before  they  die 
o^  thej  change  to  a  deep  claret  colour,  in 
wbich  state  the;  ore  highly  ornamental. 
IV.  t.  i  apa^  laemdta  L.    The  Panley- 
leared  Oispe  Vine ;     Ciotat,   Fr.  j     Vite 
dEgitto.   Ilal.   Qlg.  lea.)— The   leaves 
are  beantifiilly  laciniated,  midd]&«tzed,  end       ut  na..ta«-.rt«B». 
the  fhnt  blai^.  A  very  handsome  climbing 
shrub  which  has  been  in  cultivatioQ  for  it«  fruit  once  1046. 
1  8.  F.  LABBi^'aCA  L.     The  wild  Vine,  or  Fox  Grape. 
ita^Ja*™.   Lin.  Spsc.  »s.  1  Dec.  Prod..!,  p. SM.,  Doo'i  MUl.,  1.  p,7ll.i  Tor.uidGr^,h 
*^io.    r.  Dnrbu  Walt. ;  fllilSH-  Weill,  Orr.  j  AbroiUm,  llal. 
*f™™p.    Pliun.  Icon,  t  la.  tg.  1. 1  Jan).  Sclltrn.,  t.  OS,  ,  ind  oar  fig.  IBS. 

SpK.aar.,^c.  Sexes  dicecious  or  potjgamouB.   Leaves 

tiean-shaped,  rather  ^-lobed,  ecutel;  tootbed  beneath, 

and  the  peduncles  toraentoae  and  rather  maty.   {Dn. 

Prod.)    Canada  to  Georgia.     Climbing  stem  10  ft.  to 

30  ft.  Introduced  hi  1656.   Flowers  greenish  yellow  ; 

June  aod  July.    Fruit  red  or  Uack ;  ripe  in  OctotMr. 

decaying  leaves  brown  or  black. 

^me6ei.     Several  varietie*,  with  red,  white,  or  hUck  J 

^it,  are  known  in  the  gardens  of  North  America,! 

from'wluch  wine  is  made ;  such  as  the  babeUa,  Schuyl- 1 

kill  or  Alexander's,  the  Catawba,  and  Bland's  Grape, 

which  have  doubtless  been  produced  from  seeds  d 

this  species.  (7W.  and  GrtOf.) 

Leaves  i  in.  to  6  in.  or  more  in  diameter,  often  distinctly  3-lobed,  short, 

micpoBate,  and  densely  tomentitse  beneath.     Berries  6—7  lines  in  diameter, 

[fodoae,  uauaUy  very  dark  puiple  when  ripe,  but  sometimea  ambet^colourcd  or 

praiish  white,  of  a  strong  muaky  flavour,  and  filled  with  a  tou^  pulp,  (/*«(.) 

J  Si  V.  sstiva'lis  Jficftr.     The  Summer  Vine,  or  Gn^  fine, 
M"#  ilKuii     Hldii.  Fl.  Bor.  Abim.,  S.  p.tM.j  Det  Prod,!,  p.eu.;  Don't  MUL.  1.  p.Ill.j 
^■■iwn.    r.  ilnlfen  liiHtlclna  llank. ;  V.  InterDidli  UtM.  i  ud  F.  r-'"*"  FaML 
*^iiiii.p.    Jk.  Hut.  Scb«,,  t.U9.;  aadoDT^.  IM. 

^■ec.  Oar.,  fy:.  Sexes  dicscious  or  polygamous. 
Lfiivea  broadly  heart-shaped,  with  from  3  to  A 
lobes }  the  under  sur&ce  of  the  joung  ones  ! 
invested  irith  a  cottony  down;  of  the  adult 
ooes,Bnooth.  Bacemes  fertile,  oblong.  Bertie 
small.  {Der.  Prod.)  A  tendriled  clirabCT.  C«i- 
nettiait  to  Florida.     Stem  20  ft.  to  30  ft.     In-  iM.rw.iHii.uk. 

tiodaced  in  1656.     Flowers  greenish  yellow  ;  June.     Fruit  dark  bluet  ripe 
in  October. 
Leaves  im.  to  7  in.  wide,  often  deeply  lobed,  with  the  sinuses  rounded; 


138  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETtJH  BRITANNICUM. 

the  lower  iurface,  particularly  in  the  young  state,  clothed  with  a  reddish 
cobweb-like  pubescence;  when  old,  somewhat  glabrous.  Berries  3 — 4  lines 
in  diameter,  deep  blue,  of  a  pleasant  flavour;  ripe  in  October.  (TV.  and 
Gray.)  Periiaps  only  a  variety  of  the  preceding  species.  V.  ^niacoliies 
ituhi.  is  also  probably  a  synonyme  or  a  TarJety  olthat  species. 

1   4.    K  CORDIF 
.    Mick 

la  JocfL  jclom.  t.4n. ;  F.  ni1pliui.n.  Spa.  p.  SB).,  WaU.  Flar.  Cur.  Ml.) 

Ichon  .  L*MT.  I  ind  oar  Jig.  1S&. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.      Seies  ditecious   or  poly-  s 

ganiouB.     Leaves  heart- Hhsped,  acuoiinale,  j 

tooUied  in  the  mode  of  incisions,  umooth  i 

on  both  surfaces.     Racemes  loQsely  many-  l 

flowered.     Berries  small,  greenish,  ripened 

late.     (Drc.  Prod.)     A   teadriled  climber. 

Canada  to  Florida,  in  thickets  along  rivers. 

Stem  10  ft.  to  80ft.     Introduced  in  1606. 

Flowers  greaush   yellow  ;    June.      Fruit  lu.  ,  miirBii 

greenish  ;  ripe  in  November. 

Leaves  thin,  3  in.  to  6  in.  in  diameter,  often  slightly  3-lobed,  and  nrel^ 
sinuated.  Berries  nearly  black  when  mature,  about  a  auarter  of  an  inch  in  di- 
ameter, ripening  late  in  autumn ;  acid,  but  tolerably  welt  flavoured  after  having 
been  toudied  by  frost.  (Tor.  and  Gray.) 

I  5,  y.  niPA^ii  Michs.     The  river-side,  or  tweel-tcented.  Vine. 

B9I.;  Dec  Feed.,  I.  p.tBL;  Don'ilflll.,  I.  p.  Til. 
.,  ijid  Laid.  Cat,  i  Vljne  d*  "— " ' 


Emfranngt. 


B«>.  Hag.,  t.  U3S.I    DbhLBj 


Spec.  Char.,  S^c.      Leaves  heart-shaped,  shallowly  3- 

cleft,  toothed  in  the  mode  of  mcisions  and  un- 
equally.    Footstalk,  and  the  margin  of  the  nenres, 

pubescenL     Racemes  loose.      Fruit  small.  (Dec. 

Prod.)    A  tendriled  climber.     Canada  to  Virginia. 

fitemSOft.  to30ft.    Introduced  in  1606.    Flowers 

greenish  yellow,  with  the  fragrance  of  mignonette; 

3une  and  July.    Fruit  darit  purple,  or  ember ;  ripe 

in  October. 

Leaves  4  in.  to  6  in.  in  diemeter,  thm ;  teeth  very 
coarse,  acuminate.  Berry  3 — 4  lines  ia  diameter, 
dark  purple,  or  amber  colour,  when  ripe.  {Tor,  and 
Gra^.) 

1  6.  F.  vulpi"na  L.     The  Foi  Grape,  or  Buliei  Grtqie. 

UaumcalUm.    WUId.  3p..  1.  DSL  ,  Walt.  Cv.,p.  SU. ;  Tor.  ind  Gnr,  1.  p.  W. 

Stwcmfma.    r.  nUmitlAlii  lAStz.,  Pmnk,  Dn,  D«'(  WIK,  luKI  drk  Brit  III  edit ;  UucMlD* 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.    Branches  minutely  vemicose.    Leaves  cordate,  shining  on 

both  sur&ces,  somewhat  3-lobed,  coarsely  toothed,  the  teeth  not  acuminate. 

Racemes  composed  of  numerous  capitate  umbels.     Berries  laive.    (71m-. 

and  Gray.)    A  tendriled  climber.  Virginia  to  Florida.    Stem  SO  ft.  to  30  ft. 

Introduced  in  IB06.    Flowers  greenish  yellow ;  June  and  July.    Fruit  deep 

blue  J  ripe  in  October. 

The  stem  of  this  species  has  a  smooth  bark,  and  climbs  to  the  nimmit  of 
some  of  the  highest  trees.  Leaves  2 — 3  in.  in  diameter ;  the  lower  sarfiice 
iDC»«  ihinbg  than  the  upper ;  sinus  deep,  but  rather  acute.    Fruit  7 — 8  linei 


XVt.    nr^'cEf  :    AHPELO'PSIS. 


In  diuneter,  corered  with  a  coria- 
ceous int^imeot,  the  flower  not  uo> 
pleuBDt.  This,  according  to  Torrej 
and  Gray,  appeara  to  be  the  origmal 
r.  f  ulpioB  of  LlDIWUS. 

OrArr  Spetiet  ef  Vitii.  —  The 
Aioericu  ipecita  nave  been  consi- 
derably reduced  in  number  by 
Heun.  Torrey  and  Gray ;  but  It 
•ppears  to  ui,  that  the  reduction 
might  haTe  been  carried  still  farther. 
Some  niecies  are  described  w  no- 
tiies  of  the  Himalayng,  and  130 
nrietiai  are  noticed  by  Hafineaque 
m  hit  Monoeraph  of  Amenaui  Vtb^ 
(sec  Card.  Mag.,  vol.  viii.  p.  2i8. ) ; 
hut  thej  are  not  yet  known  in  (his 
country.  Indeed,  from  the  appear- 
locetn  the  above-described  species 
ia  the  Hort.  Soc.  Itarden,  we  are 
much  inclined  to  think  they  are 
OBJy  rarieties  of  the  same  specie*. 
Tbey  certainly  do  not  differ  more 
from  each  other  than  the  known 
nrietie*  of  the  common  cultivated 


00 


AHPELO'PSIS  Mvhx. 


Im.  Ifyil.  PenUndria 


[Mr..  I.  n  1S9.  ;  D«.  Prod.,  I.  p,  OH.  i  Don' 


Gn.  dor,  Calyr  almoU  entire.  Pelalt  5,  falling  off  separately.  Shgtiia 
capitate.     Ovmy  not  immersed  in  a  dl<k,  including  2-— 1  ovule*.    (£)ec. 

Lemxi  compound,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  palmate,  pinnate, 
or  Inpbnate.  Floweri  small.  —  Tendriled  climherB,  nadvea  of  North  Ame- 
lia. The  wecies  in  British  gardens  are  two,  of  the  easiest  culture  in  any 
common  soil ;  and  one  of  them,  A.  Aederacea,  is  among  the  mott  ornament^ 
of  hardy  climbert. 

J  I.  A.  JRDIBA^BA  JUkhx.     The  Ivy-like  Ampelopsis,  or  SloeJeaeed  In/. 

Wr  IjlLiifliii.    Mlctn.  F1.  But.  Amer..  I.  )i.  ISO. ;  Dm.  Plod..  1.  p.  SSS.  s  Dod'i  Milt,  I.  P.  «M 
ll  1 1  !■  I.    H%ien  vltI>4<wrftU>  Un-  Sk  BS.  I  y\a%  quliqurniili  Lam.  III.  No.  KA. ;  Cluai 
Jafcrlm  Fk.  ft.  imn.  Snt.  1.  n.  170.  ;  ClHui  quinqucRiUi  Hart  Par.  ;  ItOt  htitilcfm  WiUd. 
^ffr.  p.  llSt.^    Ampdfiptu   qtdii^UDnUa  Hook.    FL  Bor.    Arner.  \.    LI4.,    and    Tor-  |-  Qra^  \ 
■ni»«Vtaim.ty.;  Juoi(<;niRftoi,(jrwtldtrWelB,GB-.;  VjM  d«l  Cmnidl,  Jiai 
t^trartmtt.    ConujL  CvJUd.,  L  lOD. ;  ind  mxifig.  IBB. 

^M.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  digitate,  of  from  3  to  &  leafleM,  that  are  italked 
obloDg,  toothed  with  mucronated  teeth.  RacemeH  'ttichotomouslj  coiyiD- 
\nae.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  tendriled  climber.  Canada  to  Oeo^a.  Stem  30  ft. 
W  SOft^  or  more.     Introduced  in  16B9      Flowera  yellowish  green;  June 


140  ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUU. 

and  JuIt.  Berry  black  or  dark  blue;  ripe 
in  October.  Decaying  leavea  deep  purple 
or  red,  ot  yellowish  r^. 


hirsAta  Dona;     Cfssut    t 

P  hirtitta  Purth. — Leares  pubescent 

on  both  aides,  leaflet*  oTate.     The 

I 

crimsoD  as  the  ipeciei. 
Stem  Bleaching  itaelf  to  trees  end  walls  by 
expansions  of  the  extremities  of  the  tendrils. 
Panicle  many'flowered.  Petals  at  first  some- 
what cohering,  at  length  spreading.  Berry 
about  as  large  as  a  small  pea,  the  peduncle 
and  pedicels  bright  crimson ;  and  the  foliage 
in  autumn,  before  it  dies  off,  of  a  deep  crimson. 
The  most  vigorous-growing  and  senerally 
ornamental  climber  in  Europe.  It  thriTCS  in 
almost  every  voil  and  situation  from  Warsaw 
CO  Naples,  and   in   town,  as  well  as  in  the  ,t,,  ^ fiiMt.totiM 

1  2.  A.  BiPiNNATA  Mida.     The  bipinnate-^ivd  Ampelopsis. 


Utt^eaUou,    MIcbx.  F1.  Bnr.  kmti..  1.  p.  ISO. ;  Dk.  Prnd.,  1.  p.  OS. 
-  -      ntli   uMruJFilU.  Sixt.  1.  f.  lltO.  i   rail  WplnniU  T 

Eittriu^ti.    Yak. 


Syrnntfrna.     Htli   uMru  WilU.  Sfrc  1.  p.  US 


Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.     Leaves  bipinnate,  smooth  ;  leaflets  cut  in  a  lobed  manner. 

Racemes  pedunculate,  almost  doubly  bifid.      Berries  globose  and  cream* 

coloured.  (Dec.  Prod.)     A.  tendriled  climber.   Virginia  to  Georgia,     ^tem 

10  ft.  to  SO  ft.     Introduced  in  1700.      Flowers  greenish  white ;  June  to 

August.      Berry  black  ; 

ripe  in  October.    Decay- 

ii^  leave*  purplish  red, 

sometimes  ydlowish  red. 

Stem  upright,  or  som«-  ■ 
what  twining,  glabrous. 
Panicle  short,  spreadii^, 
and  without  tendrils.  Beny 
globose,  depreased,  as  large  ^ 
as  B  small  pea,  blackish 
when  ripe,  ilightly  hairy, 
(TV.  and  Gnn/.)  A  very 
handsome  climbei,  of  easy 
culture,  and  much  admired 
for  the  beaut}^  of  its  folif«e. 
Compared   with    A.  Aede- 

racea,  it  is  of  slow  growth,  >••■  JmnWpjihrr^tw 

tbe  shoots  in  the  climate  of  London  being  seldom  more  than  IB  in.  or  8  ft.  in 

Other  Specia  of  Ampeldpnt.  —  A.  meua,  Citis  incisa  A^utt.,  is  described  in 
Torrey  and  Gra/s  Flora ;  but  we  are  not  aware  of  it|  baring  been  introduced. 
j4.  cordita  JUic&t.  (the  Ctssus  Ampeldpsis  of  Persoon,  and  ritis  indivJsa  of 
Willdenow)  is  described  b  the  first  edition  of  this  work ;  but,  as  we  consider  it 
a  very  doubtfiil  species,  we  have  omitted  it  in  this  abridgement.  A.  caprcottia 
O.  Hon,  Fitia  <xpnoliu  D.  Don,  aod  A.  bdtrya  Dec.,  are  also  omitted,  as  oot 
having  been  yeC  introduced. 


ZVI.     nTACES.      XTII.    XANTHOXTLA  CEA. 


Q 


CI'SSUS  L.    Th«  Cimus.    Ltn.  %(.  Trtrindria  Monog^aia. 

HnMkKJHL    Ln.  G«>..  No.  I«r.  i  DetPrvlntp'SST.  I  Don'i  ICUt.,l-p«W. 

Crt.  CUr.     C<i^  •ImoM  entire,     i'rfai  *,  falling   off  »^«rBlely.     Ocary 
4-cdled.     BCTiy  I— 4-8eeded.  (Dec.  Prod.) 

Leasa  compound,  alternate,  eiad' 
pnlate,  deciduoui ;  trifbiiate.  Fioatn 
txlitzy,  Hnall,  greeniah.  Fnat  a  beer;. 
— fliminng  ihrubs,  anlv  one  of  which 
k  hard;  in  Brittsh  gardou. 


A  dedduouB  climber.  Levant.  Stem 
S&tolOft.  Introd.  in  1818.  Flow> 
en  jeUowith  green ;  Jane  and  July. 
Beriy.T. 

We  have  only  teen  the  plant  bearing 
ihii  name  in  the  collection  of  MbMra. 
LoddttM.  from  which  our  figure  ii  taken, 
ind  which,  bi  it  does  not  agree  vtry  well 
trrth  [he  ipecific  character,  ia  perhuM 
not  the  true  _plaiit.  At  all  events,  the 
plant  figured  u  handsome,  and  as  vigo- 
roui  ud  bardjr  a«  Ampeldpns  tnpinnala. 


Ordbh  XVII.    XANTHOXYLA'CE^ 

Omd.  Chab.  FJoiMn  uniaexual,  r^ular.  Calyx  in  3 — 5  divi^iona.  Peteb 
the  same  number,  kinger  than  the  calyx  ;  KstiTation  generally  twisted, 
Stament  equal  in  number  to  the  petals ;  in  the  female  flowers  wanting  or 
imperfect,  Onay  with  as  many  carpels  as  there  are  petals.  Fndl  either 
bmied  or  membranous.  —  Trees  or  oirulM,  chiefly  nadTcs  of  warm  climates, 
(LmdL) 

Leaea  cranpound,  alternate  or  oppoute,  without  stipulet ;  abruptl*  or 
uneqaally  [annate;  with  pelludd  oats.  Finoert  axilttiy  or  terminal; 
my,  green,  or  pink.  —  The  q)edes  in  British  garden*  are  comprised  In 
three  genera,  which  ore  thus  contradistinguiahed  :  — 

X»mo'ZTi.DM  L.  Flowers  biaaual.  Carpels  1^^,  S-valved.  Leaves 
abruptly  and  impaivpinnate, 

Pri^UA  L.  Flowers  trisexuaL  Fruit  compressed,  8 — S-eelled;  cells  winged. 
Leave*  of  3  leaflet*,  rarely  of  5  leaflets. 

AiL/MTUt  Desf.  Flowers  polygamous.  Carpels  3— S,  membnnoui.  Lesvef 
abruptly  or  impwi-pinnate. 


AKBORETUM    ET    PRCTICETUM    BRITANNl 


aa 


XANTHCXYLUM  L..  and  H.  B.  cl  Kih.  The  Xanthoitlum.  or 
TooTUACUK  TsKE.     Lin.  Sjftt.  Diae'da  Tri-Fentanilria. 


Gen.  Char.  Calyx  short,  3 — ^parted.  Feli^  equal  in  number  to  the  lobes 
ofthe  ciilyit,  but  longer,  very  rarely  wanting, — Mdefiovxri,  Staiaaa  equal 
in  number  with  the  petala. — Female  ftowert.  Slaiiient  sometimes  wanting, 
or  very  abort.  Ooarin  S — 1,  sometimes  equal  in  number  to  the  petals. 
CapiuUt  1_6.  1— 2-»eeded,  Seeds  globose,  dark,  shining.  (Don't  MiU.) 
Leavei  compouad,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous;  pinnately  3 — ]3-folio- 
Ute,  FlouxTi  aiillwy,  small,  greenish  or  whitish.  Infloreicence  various. — 
Deciduous  low  trees  or  shrubs,  natives  of  North  America,  with  prickles  on 
the  branches,  petioles,  and  midrib  of  the  leaflets.  The  species  in  British 
gardens  are  or  easy  culture  in  any  common  soil,  and  are  easily  propagated 
by  seeds,  layers,  or  cuttings  of  the  roots, 

I  *  1.  X.  niAXi'NBUH  WUld.     The  Aab-Uaced  Xanthoiylum,  or  eonnw* 


I 


XVII.    XANTSOXTLA^CEA :    PTE''LEA. 


.|  tbepUUoribliiiwdata)  Ai«.Brli.,  lit(dii.,iiil.T.  itnil 

^>ee.  Char.,  fc.  Leavespinnate,  of  4to5pmra  of  leaflets,  tad  an  odd  one;  the 
leaflets  oTate,  obscurely  sawed,  equel  at  the  baae ;  the  petiole  round,  tind  do- 
ToidoTprickleii;  prickles  in  the  Bituation  of  stipules.  Flowers  in  axi  11  aij 
umbelB,  without  petals,  (Dec.  Prod.,  i.  p.  720,  787.)  A  low  deciduous 
treeor&hmb.  Canada  to  Vininia.  Height  10  ft.  to  15  ft.  lotrod.  1740. 
Flowers  yellowish,  with  red  anthers ;  April  and  May.  Seeds  large,  black ;  ripe 
in  September.  Decaying  leaves  yellowish  green.  leaked  young  wood  aah- 
coknired  and  greenish. 

I  •  X.  f.  2  Tirgbactim,  the  X.  firgtaicum  of  Lodd.  Cat.,  of  which  there  is 
a  plantin  the  garden  of  the  London  Horticultural  Society,  and  several 
in  the  arboretum  of  Mesitrs.  Loddiges,  appears  to  us  only  a  variety 
of  X.yraxiheum;  probably  the  same  as  X.  (/.)  tric&rpum. 

la!.X.(r.)TBici'RPVM  AficAx.  The  three^niited  Xantbozylum,  or  7\>oM- 

ache  TVee. 
Urtifc^bm.    Hkhi.  Ft.  Bar.  Abut..  1.  p.  ML  1  Dae.  Prod..  I.  b.  nA ,  nm-.  inn..  i.>>.ii«. 
.'(■■yi'i    Z.  cwnUnKnam  Lam.,  Tar.  t  Qrat,  I.  p.  !1C  ;  Fi 

ti«r_4^(.    LwD.IU.,l.t.tM.;udDIRA.l»l 

^c.  Char.,  ^c.    Leaves  pinoate ;  the  leaflets  3 

to  5  pturs,  and  an  odd  one,  all  on  short  stalks, 

oblong  oval,  acuminate,  finely  sawed,  oblique  U 

the  base.    Petioles  and  branches  prickly.    Pb- 

nickes  terminal.  Petals  5.  (Dec.  Prod.)   A  low 

tree  or  shrub.      North    Carolina  to   Florida. 

H(%ht   LO  ft.  to  15  ft.    Introd.  1800.    Flowers 

greoiish  ;  June.    Seeds  large,  black  ;  ripe  Oct. 

Leaves  and  bark  veir  aromatic  and  pungent. 
Prickles  very  sharp.      The  bark  of  lhi«  antf  the     ' 
preceding  spedes  is  imported  from   New  York, 
snd  sold  in  Covent  Garden  Market  as  a  cure  for 
the  rheumatisai.     Probably  a  variety  of  the  pre- 

_.-  .  '  ''  '  nt.    XnnMiilnBi tfUnao. 

eeatag  speaes. 

Olier  Speda  cf  XanlMzybtm. — X.  mite  IFiUd.,  treated  as  a  species  by 
tome  authors,  is  made  a  synonytae  of  X./raxineum  by  Torrey  and  Oray,  and 
it  probably  bears  the  same  relation  to  that  spedes  that  Oleditschin  in^rmis 
does  to  O.  triacanthos.  Our  opinion  is,  that  there  is  only  one  spedes  of  the 
gnui  in  Britiab  gardens. 


r 


Genus  II. 


li 


yj 


iTE'LEA  L.    The  Ptilsa,  or  Sububst  Trefoil.    Lin.  Sptl.  Moote'cia 
Tetrs-Pentandria. 

Umgbmaim.    Lto.  G«..Ni>.1H.j  Dm.  PKid.,*.n.  K;  D<n'iHI1l.,].i>.  NS. 
Sfmm^'.    Armete  AdBiL:  Ornada  Suurlt.n'.  I  ladntjInnK.dn-. 
iWr>afijj<.    Figm  pftfra.  the  Graak  uma  of  tba  aim,  ■doptad  b^  LIiubiu. 
Gn.  Ckar.     Cafyx  short,  4 — 5  parted.     Petalt  4 — 5,  longer  than  the  calyx. 
—Mate  Jlaieert.     Stameai  4--5,  longer  thiu  the  petjs. — I^emale  fioviert. 


144  ARBORETOH  ET   FRUTICETUH   BRITAIIIIICUH. 

Stammt  4 — 5,  very  short.     Style  short.     Frsil  compressed,   UMlefaiscent, 
Bamara-like,  turgid,  2 — 3-cel1ed.     Seedt  oblong.  {Don't  JUiil.) 

Ltaeet  compound,  alternate,  Htipulate,  deciduous  ;  pinaate,  3-  rardj  5- 
fbliotate,  with  pellucid  dou,  the  lateral  teafleta  inequilateral.  Ftoaert 
whitish,  cymoie :  cymes  cot^mbed  or  panicled. — Deciduous  shrubs  or  low 
trees,  nUives  of  North  America  and  Asia.  There  is  only  one  species  in 
British  gardens,  which  is  of  the  easiest  culture,  and  is  propsgated  by  seeds 
and  cuttings,  put  in  in  aultunn,  and  covered  with  a  hand  glass. 
Z  •  1.  P.  TKiFOLU^A  L.  The  three-ini/fftotf  Ptelea,  or  ^niiy  Trtfiil. 
Utmtfflaillm.  Un.  Sp.,  113,  i  WUld.  Sp.  PL,  1.  sro.  i  Die  Prod.,  1.  p.  81. ;  Don't  MUI,  1.  p.  SML  j 
ni  Si  Sunlrlc  t  trail  FrmlttM.  Pr. ;  drcfbliiaciga  Lsdertlluine,  OfT. 


ud  our.lb.  '93. 


r%)ec.  C^ar.,  ^e.     Leaf  of  three  leaflets  that  are  ovate  acute,  the  middle  one 
much  tapered  towards  its  base.    Flowen  in  coirnibs,  usually  teirandrous. 

tDec.  Fivd.)  A  low  tree  or  shrub.  Lake  Erie  to  Florida  and  Texas, 
leight  eft.  to  10ft.  Introd.  1704.  Flowers  whitish;  June  and  July; 
Capsules  greenish  ;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves  of  a  remarkably  clear 
rich  yellow.     Naked  young  wood  dark  purplish  brown. 

X  *  P.  f.  3  paaaph^Oa  Hunchh.  has  5  leaflets,  H.  S. 
f  ■  P.  J.  3  pubetcau  Purah  has  the  leaflets  pubescent. 
When  this  plant  is  pruned  up  with  a  un^le  stem,  it  forms  a  handsome  low 
tree  with  a  hemisphencal  head  i  but  in  Bntiib  gardens  it  is  more  frequently 


Ibund  as  a  large  sbrub,  with  numerous  stems  proceeding  from  the  rootstodc. 
The  shoots  and  leaves  pubescent  when  young.  Ovary  of  the  staminate 
Bowers  abortiTe.  Odour  of  the  flowers  disagreeable.  Capsules  with  flattened 
wings,  somewhat  resembling  those  of  the  elm. 

Olier  Speriei  of  VliUa.  - 
a  shrub  not  more  than  a  foot  high,  but  it  has  not  yet  b< 


XVtI.    ZANTHOXYLA'CE^.       XVIII.    CORIA'cEf. 

Genus  III. 


AILA'NTUS  Ikid.     Tbb  Ailanto.      Lnt.  Syil.  PolygHinia  MoncE'cia. 

UMjJatitm.    Dot  Act.  Aeid.Pu.,l7M.  p.  Mil  Dr.  Prod..  *.  Ik  M.i  Don'i  Mill..  I.  p.  Mn.    - 

Gn-Ciar.  MaJeJhaien.  C'o/jj  5  cieft.  Felalt  5,  lonper  than  the  calyx. 
Slanimi  10,  the  5  opposite  the  petal:*  shortest.  DUi  central. — Htrmaphro- 
£ie,  ot  JemaU,  fiowen.  Colyx,  pelali,  and  ditli  as  in  the  male,  hut  with 
fewer  atamenB.  Ovariei  3— i,  distinct.  Samariz  3—5,  ohlong  j  1-celled, 
I-seeded.  (Zhin'i  MiU.) 

LMcncompound.attemate.exatipulBte, deciduous;  impari-pinnale.  Flovyeri 
tenninal,  small,  greeniah.  —  One  specieB,  a  deciduous  tree  from  China. 
I   I.  A.  ctANOULo'sA  Detf.     The  glandulous-Zeannf  Ailaulo. 

Ua^Hlalim.    Vnl.  Act.  AwL  Par  ITM.  p.  K3. ;  Dec  Prod..  I   n.  ».  i  Don-a  Mill  .  T  n  wn 
iftaajrma.    A.prtxtrtSaL  Prod.  p.  171.  i  ffhdi  hTpteloi 
i.SatiBiaEUa;  AjluIlM  |liii<lidi-ui.  Ft.;  dcililBerGr 
tmtrtnati.    Wiu.  bmd.  BrtL,  L  IDS,  i  Ita  fUU  of  Ibe  uci  u  nrm  nr^i.,  >k  niii.,  lai.  v.  ;  UM 

Sprr.  nar.,4-c.  Leaves  impari-pinnate ;  the  leaflets  coarsely  toothed  at  the 
hue  ;  the  teeth  glandulous  on  tne  under  aide.  (Dec  I'rodA  A  large  tree. 
North  of  China.  Height  50ft.to60ft.  Introd.  1751.  Flowers  whitish 
fireen,  exhaling  a  disagreeable  odour;  August,  Capsules  like  the  kevs  of 
the  asfa,  but  smaller ;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leavca  hrownish,  hut  droiv 
ping  with  the  first  frost,  without  any  great  cnant^e  of  colour.  The  leaflets 
oftni  smarating  from  ihe  petiole  of  the  leaf,  and  leaviiig  it  for  some  weel» 
attuhed  to  the  tree.  Kaked  young  wood 
nuty  brown,  without  huds. 
The  leaves  on  rigorous   younfc  trees  are 

tonetimea  6  ft.  in  length.     The  fruit,  which 

has  been  ripened  at  White  Knichts,  resembles 

the  keys  of^the  ash,  but  is  smallir.     The  tree 

growiwith  great  rapidity  for  the  first  10  or 

It  jeani,  producing  shoots  froni  3  ft,  to  6  ft, 

in  length  at  fint,  and  attaining  the  height  or 

15  or  id  feet  in  5  or  6  yt.'an,  in  favourable 

uluationt.     Afterwards  iu  growth  is  much 

(lower.    It  grows  in  any  soil,  though  one  that 

i>  li^t  and  somewhat  humid,  and  a  sheltered 

lituatioo,  auit  it  best.    ]n  France,  it  is  Mid  to 

thrive  on  chalkj  soils,  and  attain  a  large  size 

where  scarcely  any  other  tree  will  grow.     It 

■•  readily  pcop^ated  by  cuttings  of  the  roots.  m.  jUMufiuMtH. 


Section  .!.V, 
FnU  gynciaae  !  that  it,  ttuertal  into  aJUihy  Seaptacte,  uM  which  the  & 


Order  XVITI.     CORIA'CE^,. 
njio.  CBdB.     Flouert  either  hermaphrodite,  moniscious,  or  diteuious.  tJaii/x 
campanulate,  5-parted.    Pefali  (.    Stamau  10.    Carpel*  5.^Lo«  shniht, 
natives  of  tempente  and  warm  climates. 


CM    ET    FHUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

Leavei  simple,  oppositt  or  alternate,  e»stipulate,  deuiduous;  rai 
Budt  acaXy.  Flowcri  in  teruiiniil  and  BxiUury  racemes.  Fruil  in  i 
pouoDOUi,  in  others  ediWe.  —  There  is  only  one  hardy  (jcnns,  t'oriiria ; 
ipecics  of  wtuch  are  low  shrubs,  natives  of  Euro[>c  nnil  Asia 


□ 


CT)RtA'R[A  jV/H.     The  Coruria.     Lin.  Syit.  DiceVw  Cwindria. 

UrMtficatiiM.    NIll.  In  Altfir.  LJ1I.  1.  IJ.  i  Dec  Prod.,  1.  J,  JM.  ;  Dod'>  Mill.  I.  p.  »rt. 

Gea.  Char.  Floweri  cither  hermaphrodite^  mo ntE clous,  or  dit£ciou>. 
Califj!  d-parted.  Pelali  5,  sepaloid,  smaller  than  the  lobts  of  the  calyx. 
Slamnu  10,  hypogynoua,  5  between  the  lobes  of  the  calyx  and  the  angles  of 
the  ovarium,  5  betveen  the  petals  and  the  fiirrowa  of  tlie  ovarium.  Anlhirt 
bursting  by  longitudinal  slits.  Style  none.  Stigmai  5,  long,  awl-sbsped. 
Carjuli  5, surrounding  a  Seshy  axis;  vhen  ripe,  close  together, but  separate, 
not  opening.  I -seeded,  surrounded  with  glandular  lobes.  (LhuU,) 

Leavei  simple,  opposite,  cxstipulate,  deciduous;  3-ribbed.  Brandia 
square,  opposite.  —  Loir  sulTrulicose  shrubs,  of  easy  culture  id  common 
soil,  and  propagated  by  division  of  the  root. 

.■  1.  C.  irvRTiFa'i.iA  L.     The  Myrtle-leaved  Coriaria. 

.  MaUHIciUiim.    Lin.  Sp..  1161.  i  l>«.  Prod.  1,  p.  JM.j  Don'.Mm..  l.p.Bl«. 
afmunma.    FuilBt  in  CorroTniri,  or  Bedoul  S  FnuUls  it  M/rte,  Ft.  ;  MrrtBibmtilJW  Ob. 

Spec.  Chiir.,  Sfc.     Leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  acute, 
three-nerved,    on    short    footstalks,     glabrous. 

Flowers   in   rather   upright 

racemes.    [Dec,  Prod.)     A  ■ 

lov,  deciduous,  suflHiticose 

■hrub,   consisting  of  nume- 
rous   suckers.     South   of 

Europe,  and  the  North  of 

Africa.    Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft. 

Introduced  1629.     Flowers 

greenish:  Haj  to   August.  iu.  cvuni •onuMu. 

Carpels  in   the  form  of  a 

berry,  black  ;  ripe  in  October.     Leaves  drop  off  of  a 

brownish  green. 

Found  in  hedges  and  waste  places,  throwing  up  nume- 
rous suckers.  An  ornamental  undershrub,  chwAy  re- 
markable for  its  myrtle-like  leaves,  and  the  handsome 
frond-like  form  of  its  branches.     Suckers  in  any  com* 

I       OlherSpeda  o/Coriaria.^  C.  nepalemU  Wall.  PI.  As. 

Rar.  t.  S89.,  and  our  Jig.  196,,  from  a  specimen  gathered 

IK.  c.  nwunta.        '"  '''*  Hort.  Soc  Oardeus,  a  native  of  Nepal,  at  heights 

of  from  5000  ft.  to  TOGO  ti.,   appears  to  be  quite  hardy. 

and  of  robust  growth.     C.  larrnenidia  Forst.,  from  New  Zealaad,  is  probably 

hardy  also,  but  has  not  yet  been  introduced. 


XIX.    STAPHYLEA'CE^  :    STAPHYLE  A. 


147 


Subclass  II.     CALYCIFLO^RiE. 

Peiai*  separate,  huerted  in  the  Calyx. 

Order  XIX.    STAPHYLEA  CE^E. 

Ord,  Char.  Sepals  5,  connected  at  the  base,  coloured,  with  an  imbricated 
sstivation.  Petals  5,  alternate.  Stamens  5.  Disk  large.  Ovary  2 — 3-celled. 
Fnat  membranous  or  fleshy.  —  Shrubs,  natives  chiefly  of  warm  climates. 
(Undl.) 

Leaves  compound,  opposite,  stipulate,  deciduous.  Flowers  terminal. 
Fnat  a  bladdery  capsule.  —  The  only  hardy  ligneous  plants  belonging  to  this 
order  are  contained  in  the  genus  Staphylea. 

Genus  1. 


i^H 


STAPHYLE^ A  L,    The  Staphylea,  or  Bladder-sut  Tree,  Lin.Syst' 

Pentandia  Di-Trigynia. 

Uait^fitatiom.    T  in.  Gen.,  No.  374. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  2. ;  Don's  Mill.,  2.  p.  2. 

Sfmigma.    Staphylod^droo  Ttmm.  \  Staphilier,  faux  PUtachier,  Pr. ;  Pimpernuii,  Qer. ;  SU- 

1U«, /loi. 
IknwtUum,   Abridged  from  Staphjiod&idron,  its  name  before  the  dars  of  Llunsus,  derited  from 

UaakmB,  a  banch  or  cluster,  and  dendron,  a  tree  ;  the  flowers  and  fruits  being  disposed  in  clusters, 

aad  tlie  plant  being  ligneous. 

Geo.  Char.  Calyx  of  5  coloured  sepals,  connected  at  the  base,  in  sestiva^ 
tion  imbricate.  Petals  5,  in  aestivation  imbricate.  Stamens  5,  perig}-nous, 
alternate  with  the  petals,  and  opposite  the  sepals.  A  large  urceolate  disk, 
or  nectary,  within  the  corolla.  Ovarium  2-  or  3-celled,  superior.  Fruit 
membraneous.  Seeds  with  a  bony  testa,  and  a  large  truncate  hilum.  (Lindl.) 
Leaves  compound,  opposite,  stipulate,  deciduous  ;  pinnate,  with  both  com- 
mon and  partial  stipules.  Flowers  in  terminal  stalked  racemes.  —  Two 
hardy  species,  low  trees  or  shrubs  ;  natives  of  Europe  and  North  America, 
of  easy  culture  in  any  common  soil,  and  propagated  by  seeds,  which  ought 
to  be  sown  as  soon  as  they  are  ripe,  or  by  cuttings. 

*  5  1.  8.  TRiFO^LiA  L,    The  three-leaved  Staphylea,  or  Bladder-nut  Tree. 

J^niifkatbm,    Lin.  Sp.,  3fl6. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  8.  p.  S. ;  Don's  Mill.,  1  p.  2. ;  Tor.  and  Gray,  1.  p.  2B6w 
Sgnoijfmgu    Staphilier  k  FeuiUes  temies,  Fr. ;  Virglnische  Pimprmuss,  Ger. 
eagranagt.    Schmidt  Baum.,  t.  81. ;  ouTftg.  197.  in  flower,  and^.  1&8.  in  fruit. 

Spec.  Char.,  8fc.  The  leaf  of  3  leaflets,  which  are  ovate,  acuminate,  regularly 
sawed,  and,  when  young,  pubescent ;  the  style  smooth ;  the  capsule  bladdery. 
{Pec,  Prod,)     A  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree.    Canada  to  South  Carolina, 

and  west  to  Arkansas,  in  moist  places.    Height  6  ft. 

to  ISiV^  Introduced  in  1640.    Flowers  whitish;  May 

and  June.   Nuts  globose,  in  a  bladdery  capsule,  white ; 

ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves 

greenish  yellow. 


198.    S.  trlibUa. 


Branches  slender,  smooth,  and 

dotted.  Petioles  pubescent  above. 

Partial     stipules    mostly     none. 

Petals  obovate-spatulate,  ciliate  at 

the  base.  Stamens  rather  exserted ; 

filaments  hairy  below ;  anthers 
eardate;  the  lobes  somewhat  united  at  the  tip.  Capsule  2  in.  long;  the  caipels 
(lamedmes  4)  distinct  at  the  summit,  tipped  with  the  persistent  styles,  and 
oponng  by  the  inner  suture;  seeds  smooth  and  polished,  all  but  one  often 
sbomve.  {Torrey  and  Gray.)  When  not  trained  to  a  single  stem,  this  shrub 
tfannrs  out  abundance  of  shoots  resembling  suckers  from  the  collar ;  but,  if 

L  2 


148  AUBORETUM    FT    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

these  be  removed  as  they  are  produced,  it  will  fomJ  a  very  handsome  lov  tree. 
Seeds,  suckera,  layers,  or  cuttings,  in  any  common  soil,  kept  moist.     The 
largest  plsnls  of  this  ajiecies,  in  the  naghbourhood  of  London,  are  at  Syon. 
•  5  B.  S.  PiNNA^TA  L.     The  pinnatedJmwrrf  Staphylea,  or  BkddeT-md  Tret. 

ZarroB^'. '  Eni.  Bot.,  I.  IKO.  |  H>r<»  AbbUd.,  t.  'm.  l  ^d  our  A-  l». 

^lec.  Oar.,  ^c.  Leaves  pinnate,  of  5—7  oWong,  perTcclIy  glabrous,  serrate 
leaflets!  the  flowers  in  racemes;  the  caps ules  membranous  and  bladdery. 
(Dec.  Prod.)  Shrub  or  lo*  tree.  South  of  Europe,  and  ?  England  m 
hedges.  Height  6  ft.  to  12  ft.  Flowers  whitish;  May  and  June.  Nuts 
globose  white,  in  a  bladdery  capsule  ;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves 
yellowish  green.  Naked  young  wood  greenish,  with  green  budi, 
A.  smooth  branching  shrub,  throwing  up 

many  side  suckers,  in   gardens  often  from 

6ft.  to   12f^.  high,  and  eihibiting  a  much 

nwre  luxuriant  growth  than  the  preceding 

species.    The  nuts,  in  some  paru  of  Europe, 

are  stnirg  for  beads  by  the  Roman  Catholics. 

The  kernels  taste  like  those  of  the  pistacia, 

and  are  eaten  in  Germany  by  children.    The 

flowers  contain  a  great  deal  of  honey,  and    ^ 

are  very  attractive  to  bees.     In  the  London 

nurseries,  the  plan»  is  genersUy  cultivated  by  C^ 

tide  suckers,  by  cuttings  put  in  during  the  £  Fv 

month   oF  September,   or   by  seeds,  which         \n      ffl  Jl  m,.^ 

are  ripened  in  abundance.     The  seeds  ought  WP'  HUIH 

to  be  sown  as  soon  an  they  are  ripej  be-  ^^  ^^,^      ^__     ^^^ 

cause,  as  they  contain  an  oil,  they  very  soon 

become  rancid.    They  will  come  up  the  following  June,  with  two  large,  lance- 

ihaped,  senuDal  leaves  ;  though  sometimes  they  do  not  come  up  for  two  year*. 


Orber  XX.     CT;:LASTRA'CE.<E. 


ORD.CaAR.  SepaUi — 6:  sstivation  imbricate.  Petalt  \ — 6.  SlameiaA — 6, 
alternate  with  the  petals,  opposite  the  sepsis,  indistinctly  perigynoua. 
Ocory  superior,  free,  girded  with  a  fleshy  disk,  with  2 — i  cells.  OiWft  erect, 
rarely  pendulous.  Fndi  capsular,  baccate,  drupaceous,  or  samarideous. 
Seed;  tn  most,  attended  with  an  aril.  (Ladl.) 

Leavet  umple,  alternate  or  opposite,  generally  stipulate,  deciduous,  or 

evergreen.     Flouvn  whitish   or  greenish,  in  axillary  cymes.  —  Shrubs  or 

tow  trees,  generally  deciduous;  natives  of  both  hemispheres. 

The  species  are  chiefly  remarkable  for  the  form  and  colours  of  their  fruits ; 

their  flowera  being  neither  large  nor  showy,  nor  their  properties  valuable  in 

medicine,  or  general  economy.    All  the  spedes  ere  readily  increased  by  layera, 

by  cuttings  struck  in   sand,  or  by   seeds   in  any  common  soil.     The  genera 

containing  hardy  species  are  £u6nymus,  CeUstrus,  and  Nemopiothes,  which 

are  thus  contradistinguished  :  — 

£uo'ntiiiis  Tourn.    Sexes  mostly  hermaphrodite.   Fruit  a  dehiscent  capsule, 

of  3 — 5  cells.    Seed  with  an  aril.    Leaves  mostly  oppoute. 
Ala'strus  L.     Sexes  mostly  hermaphrodite.      Fruit  a  dehiscent  capsule 

of  8 — 3-cells.     Seed  with  an  aril.     Leaves  alternate. 
NEHOPA'NTaBS  Rofin.  Sexes  polygamous  or  ditccious.     Fruit  sa  inJehiscent 


XX.    C£LASTK\  cub:    BVO'ttYMVB. 


\i\W\J 

EUO'NYMUS  TVam.    The  Et)oiir>cs,  or  Sfisdlz  Tgxa.    Lm.  Sya. 
Teira-Hex-indria  Monog^nia. 

Ln».i  Ltal.  G«^IT]._i  Due.  Prod..  1. 

id  ftgnlflv  or  nod  npote.    Tlia 
•nod  for  miUng  iplndlci.  Bonnet 

fe  iniule«f  tbs  wood  fof  tkewen  « Jirdldf 
ft  Ittmllj  iplndlB  Enc 

Gen.  Oiar.  Caiyx  4 — 5-labed,  flat,  covered  by  the  peltate  diik  at  the  base. 
Pefo/i  4 — 6,  Epreading,  inserted  in  the  disk.  Slamtm  4 — 6,  iDserted  above 
tile  disk  in  rather  promiaeDt  giands.  Captvie  3 — ft-celled,  S — 5-BDgled. 
Setit  1 — 4  in  each  celi,  and  wrapped  in  pulp  or  aril.  {BaCt  MHi.) 

Lraeet  tiniple,  opposite,  serrate.  Stipuiet  mostly  none.  FeduncUt  sxil- 
liry,  I — msjij-flowered.  Infloretcmce  cyniose.  —  Deciduous  sbrubs  or  low 
trees ;  sometimes  trailing,  or  climbing  by  rootlets. 

1*  I.E.  EUBOPx'us L.    The  European  Euonymus,  or  Sp'mdle  Tree. 

Hntifa^Hm,    LlD-  Sp..  aK.  \  I>«  Prod.,  a.  p.  4.  i  DoD'l  Mil].,  t,  p.  S. 

Imiifma.  E. iiil(trli  Mm.  Did. ;  Piick-tlmber  Oerord;  Lotus  Btrrr.  Dogvood.  □■tl«td«t 
Tna;  Funtai d'Banipe,  A'.;  Baautit  rrtlla conunun,  Ft.;  («ineln«  Sgilndeibuun.  Cn-.j  Be. 


ta  «hHd»  toolhiiidu  aod  ikewe 
l*cw  tlie  vwd  o(  IXnai  ub| 


^vr.  CW.,^c.  Branchei  smooth.  Leaves  lanceolate-ovete,  very  finely  sBwed. 
Flowa«  about  3  upon  one  peduncle ;  the  petals  oblong,  rather  acute.  Lobes 
of  the  capsule  obtuae.  (Dec.  Prod.')  A  deciduous  ahrub,  or  tow  tree. 
Ejoope  and  Britain,  in  hedges  and  copse  woods.  Height  6ft  to  IStl. 
Flowen  greenish  white ;  Hay.  Fruit  scarlet,  produced  )■  greu  abundanee, 
L  3 


150 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


and  very  showy ;  ripe  in  September.  Decaying  leaves  reddish.  Naked  young 
wood  green  or  reddish  green. 

Varietiet. 

1C  tt  £.  e.  2  latifoHut  Lodd.  Cat.  has  rather  broader  leaves  than  the  species. 
S  A  E.  e.  3  /o/iuf  variegdtu  Lodd.  Cat.  has  variegated  leaves,  but  never 

looks  healthy. 
t  jt^,e,  Affructu  dlbo  Lodd.  Cat.  has  white  capsules. 
M  E.  f.  5  namu  Lodd.  Cat.  is  a  dwarf-growing  plant. 
Nos.  2.  and  4.  of  these  varieties  are,  in  our  opmion,  alone  worth  culti- 
vating. 

Hoots  numerous  and  whitish,  forming  a  dense  mass  of  network,  and  not 
extending  to  a  great  distance  from  the  stem.  The  branches  are  numerous 
and  opposite ;  and  the  wood  hard  and  fine-grained.  The  leaves  and  bark 
are  acrid,  poisonous,  and  fetid  when  bruised.  The  capsules  are  of  a  fine 
rose  colour,  except  in  the  white-capsuled  variety,  and  the  seeds  are  each 
invested  with  an  aril  of  a  fine  orange  colour.  In  a  state  of  cultivation  the 
tree  attains  the  height  of  30  ft.  or  upwards,  and,  though  almost  entirely  neg- 
lected in  pleasure-grounds,  it  forms  a  singularly  handsome  object  in  autumn, 
when  covered  with  its  ripe  fruit.    Seeds ;  in  any  common  soil  not  over  moisL 

i  m  2.  E.  YKRRUCO^sus  Scop,     The   vftirtGd-barked  Euonymus,  or  Spindle 

Tree. 

IdefU0caUon.    Scop.  Cam.,  ed.  3.  No.  968. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  4. ;  Don's  MUl.,  2.  p.  4. 
Synonymei.    E.  earopce^ua  leprbiui  Lin.  \  Fusnin  galeux,  ou 

verruqucux,  Fr.  \  warziser  Spiodelbaum,  Ger. 
Engravings.    Nout.  Du  liam.,  3.  t.  8. ;  Schmidt  Arb.,  t.  73. ; 

andoury^.  201. 

Spec.  Char,,  Sfc,   Branches  warted  with  prominent 

lenticular  glands.     Leaves  ovate,  shghtly  ser* 

rate.    Flowers  three  on  a  peduncle.     Petals 

ovate.  Capsule  bluntly  4-comered.  {Dec, 
'    Prod.)  A  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree.  Austria, 

Hungary,  and  Carniola.     Height  6  ft.  to  1 2  ft. 

Introduced  in  1763.    Flowers  purplish  brown ; 

May  and  June.     Fruit  reddish  purple  ;   ripe 

in  September.    Decaying  leaves  reddish  green. 

Naked   young  wood  green,  with  brown  and 

white  spots. 

A  shrub  of  somewhat  fastigiate  habit  of  ^owth, 
with  rough  warty  branches.  This  species  is  culti- 
vated in  collections  chiefly  for  the  singularity  of  its 
appearance,  being  among  spindle  trees  what  the 
warted  ash  is  amohg  ash  trees.  It  ripens  seeds, 
and  is  readily  increased  by  cuttings. 

t  A  S.  E,  LATiFO^Lius  C.  Bauh.      The  broad-leaved  Euonymus,  or  Spindle 

Tree. 

Identification.    C.  Bauh.  Pin.,  428. ;  Dec.  Prod..  2.  p.  4. ;  Don's  Mill.,  2.  p.  4^ 

Synonymes.    E.  europa^iu  rar.  2.  Lin. ;  Fuiain  I  largei  Feuilles,  Fr. ;  breithlattriger  Sptadelbautn, 

GfT. 

Engravings.    Jacq.  F1.  Austr.,  t.  289.  \  Bot.  Mag.,  2384. ;  the  plate  or  the  species  in  Arb.  Brit.,  let 
edit.,  vol.  ▼.;  and  oMXJig.  202. 

Spec,  Char,,  Sfc,  Branches  smooth.  Leaves  broad-ovate,  tooth leted.  Pe- 
duncles trichotomous,  many-flowered.  Petals  oval,  obtuse.  Lobes  of  capsule 
acutely  aiigled,  wing-formed.  {DorC$  Mill,)  A  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree. 
South  of  France  to  Tauria,  in  groves.  Height  10  ft.  to  20  ft.  Introduced 
in  1730.  Flowers  white,  becoming  purplish;  June  and  July.  Fruit  deep 
red,  and  very  show?  ;  ripe  in  September.  Decaying  leaves  purplish  red. 
Naked  young  wood  reddish  green,  with  long  point^  greed  buds,  tinged 
with  red. 
In  Britibh  gardens,  this  forms  much  the  handsomest  species  of  the  genus. 


101.    Stttfnyanu 


xz.  celastra'cex  :  £uo'nyhus. 


from  its  broad  shining  leave*,  Eind  iu  large  red  pendulous  thiits.  vith  orange- 
coloured  Eeeds,  which,  vhen  the  CBpnilea  open,  are  suspended  from  ihecells 
■ooiGWhat  in  the  manner  that  the  seeds  of  the  magnolias  hanf>  from  their 
(trobiles.  Even  the  wood  of  this  species,  during  winter,  is  mucli  handsomer 
dun  that  of  an;  other,  the  branches  being  regularly  divaricate,  with  a  clean 
buA,  of  a  reddish  green,  and  irith  long  pointed  dark  brown  buds ;  by  which 
aloDe  ibia  species  nft;  be  distinguished  front  all  the  others.  Unfortunately . 
for  this  apeciea,  it  is  generally  treated  as  a  shrub,  and  crowded  among  other 
^rubi  or  trees  ;  so  that  it  k  never  allowed  a  chance  of  attaining  eiuer  its 
fiill  me  or  its  proper  shape. 


Mi.    E.    I 


9  Bieb,      The  dwarf  Enonymus,  or  Spindie  TVec. 
Taur,  Suppl.,p.  160:  Dec.  Prod..!.  p.i.i  I>od'i  HUI,,  1.  p.  4, 


fvw!*.    Oaifig.  i 

^)cc.  CAar^4'^.    Branches  smooth,  somewhat  herinceous.    Leaves  lanceolate, 

entire,  nearly  opposite.     Flowers  4-cleft,  from  1  to  3  on  a  peduncle.  (Dec. 

Prod.)     A  tiailing  undershrub,  with  the  aspect  of  the  widow  wuil  (C^iedrum 

tricoccutn).     Northern  Cau- 

casus.     Height    1  ft.     Intro- 

doced    in     IS30.       Flowers 

greenish  white ;  July  and  Au-  ,^ 

guit.   Fruit  ?  ;  ripe  ?.  Shoots  " 

slender,  recumbent,  and  with 

the  leaves  of  a  deep  green.  "°-  "*"""•■•»» 

A  very  neat  little  plant,  apparently  quite  hardy,  and  well  adapted  for  rock- 

I  •  5.  £.  ji 


&WC.  Ciar.,  4^c.     Bruiichts  smooth.     Leaves  stalked,  lanceolate,   serrated. 


152  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUH. 

Flowers  many  unon  a  peduncle ;  the  peduncle 

compressed.      Petals    orbiculate.      CapBulcs 

angiilately  furrowed,  Bmooth.     {Dec.  Prod.) 

A   shrub  or  low  tree.       Canada  to   Florida. 

Hwght  4ft.  to   12ft.     Introduced   in    1756. 

Fluvers  dark  purple;  June  and  July.  Capsule 

crimson.      Seeds  nhice,  with  a  red  aril )  ripe 

ID   October.     Decaying   leaves  purpliiih    red. 

Naked  young  wood  purplish  green 

Branches  slightly  4-eided.  Leaves  2  in.  to  5  in. 
long.  Parts  of  the  flower  usually  in  fours;  petals 
roundish  obovate.  Capsules  smooth,  deeply 
lobed.  This  and  the  other  American  species  of 
£u6nyinu8  are  rarely  found  in  a  thriving  stale  in 
Britain ;  as  it  appears  to  us,  Irom  not  being 
planted  in  moist  shady  situations,  and  in  peat  or 
sandy  soil. 

•  ■  6.  £.  AMBRiCA^HUS  L.     The  American  Euonjmus,  or  SjMidle  Tne. 
JdmlfficiUiaii.    Lin.  Sp.,We.i  D«.  PmUl.  p.t.i  Don't  HUl.,  Ip.S.:  Tor.  nxlCnr.l.  p.na 
Ejnmvmn,    E.  Hmpttrlreu  Mori*.;  S.  ■lUndluUui  Hmoli  Uh  BumlnK  Biuh,  BtnvlicrTr 

Enirmtmft.  Koui.  Du  Hun,  3. !.».;  Schmtdl  A[b.  I.TS.;  out  j^.  wa..  npronidni  Itae  pluttn 
DOiWE  udjlf-IOS-,  rcpr««otbig  U  1b  tMd,  with  the  iwtj  cipaule. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Branches  smooth.  Leaves  almost  sesule,  elliptic-lancealate. 
sawed.  Flowers  1  to  3  on  a  peduncle.  Petals  sub-orbiculate.  Capsule 
echinately  warty.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  sub-evergreen  recumbent  shrub.  Canada 
to  Florida,  among  rocks,  and  in  moist  woodlands.  Hdght  ii  ft.  to  6  ft.  In- 
troduced in  IG86.  Flowers  greenish  yellow,  tin^  with  purple;  Hay  and 
June.  Capsule  deep  crimson.  Seeds  white,  with  a  scvlet  anl ;  lipe  in 
October.     Decaying  leaves  and  naked  shoots  green. 


•  ■  E.  n.  2  angviH/oliui.  Var.  0  Tor.  ^  Gray.  (Our 
fig.  207.)  —  Leaves  narrowly  elliptical  or  oblong, 
Bbghtly  falcate,  the  margin  minutely  serrated.  Pos- 
siluy  the  E.  angustifolius  of  Pursh,  which  Totrey  and 
Uray  had  only  seen  in  a  hci1>ariuni. 

■  ^  n.  E.  a.  3  larmeniattu  NutL  Var.  y  Tor.  4"  Gray.  — 
Shoots  trailing  and  oflen  rooting ;  leaves  ovate-lati- 
ceolate. 

»  M  ■.  E.  a.  4  oboviUu$  Nutt.  Var.  i  Tbr.  *  Grey;  E. 
obovatus  Dec.  Frod.  i.  p.  4.,  Dm'i  Mill.  8.  p.  5. 
(Ourj^.SOS.) — Trailing  and  rooting;  leaves  obovate, 
(ir  oval-obovate,  obtuse  or  slightly  acuminate,  acute  a 


XX.    C£LASTBaVE£:    fUC/NYUUS.  153 

Erect.  Leavn  oval  or  elliptical  lanceolate,  the  uppennoat  often  dightly  fal- 
Mte,  mostly  acuminate,  acute  or  obtiise  (rarely  subrardate)  at  the  baie.  (  Tor. 
mad  Gray,  Tar.  a.)  Bnmcbes  sleuJer.  greeD.  Leaves  1  in.  to  E  in.  long,  cori- 
aceous, nearly  evergreen  in  the  southern  slates.  Seeds  smaller  than  in  E. 
atropurpur^us.  The  scarlet  fruits,  according  to  Pursh,  resemble,  at  a  dis- 
tance,  those  of^^'rhutus  £7^edo.  Tbej  form  ■  great  ornament,  he  says,  to 
this  Hlmost  evergreen  shrub,  and  have  given  me,  in  America,  to  its  common 
name,  the  bumtog  bush.  Of  easy  culture  in  moist  soil,  and  a  shady  situation. 
Cuttings  or  seeds. 

1  m  7.  E.  Uamiltoh i/'KUs  Wall.    Hamilton's  Euonyirus,  or  Spmdie  Tret. 


Enfraraig'    Ouiflg^ »'.  Froni  a  il^oitiui  pUol  Ld  tlie  Uort.  Soc  Gudoi. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Branches  smooth, 

terete.     Leaves  lanceolate,  finely 

serrated.   Peduncles  dichotomous, 

SJlowered.     Flowers  tetrandrous. 

Petals  4,  lanceolate  cordate.  Ovary 

4-lobed,    4-celled,   each  cell  con- 

twning  S  ovules.  (Don't  MiU.)   A 

low  tree  or  shrub.   Nepal.  Height 

10  ft.  to  soft.  Introduced iu  18SS. 

Flowers  yellowish   green;    June 

and  July.     Fruit  ?  purple ;  Kpe  in 

?  October.     Decaying  leave*  and 

naked  young  wood  green. 

A  free-growing  species  with  an 
erect  stem  ;  the  young  rhoats  green  ; 
the  leaves  large ;  bark  of  tlie  older 
shoots  white.  Left  to  itself,  as  a 
standard,  it  forms  a  dense  fastigiete  * 
bosh,  with  numerous  suckers;  but, 
trained  to  a  single  stem,  it  would 
doubtless  form  a  handsome  small 
tree^  A  plant  against  the  wall,  in 
the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden, 
flowera   freely  every  year ;   but  has 

not  yet  ripened  fruit.     The  plant  in  ^"-  gMp^gm  ii-nwani— . 

the  open  garden  was  killed  to  the  ground  by  the  winter  of  1S37-6,  but  apranf; 
up  again  with  vigour.  In  the  Liverpool  Botanic  Oarden  it 
was  not  injured. 

Other  Spedet  of  Ea6nymui,  —  E,japdn«ia  Thunb.  four 
_fig.  210.x  aodE.japimaa /dim  vanegalit,  E.  garcinacfiliMa 
StaA.,  and  some  other  specie",  are  in  London  gardens ;  but 
they  can  only  be  considered  as  half-hardy.  In  the  Canter- 
bury Nursery,  E.  j,  l&llis  varieg^tis  has  been  found  hardier 
than  the  species.  In  the  Horticultural  Society's  Qarden, 
£.  japiJnicus,  trained  against  a  wall,  was  hut  little  injured 
by  the  winter  of  1B3T-8.  The  following  species,  sbortfy  de- 
scribed in  our  first  editian,  Mr.Don  considers  as  Ukely  to 
prove  "  tnily  hardy ;"  some  of  them  arc  introduced,  and  are 
in  green-houses  :  E.  grdssus  Wall.,  E.  miciinthus  D.  Don, 
E.  lilcidus  D.  Don.  E.  echinktus  Walt.,  E.  tingens  WaU., 
E.  glaber  Roxb.,  E.  fimbriinis  Wall.,  E.  fndicus  Heyne,  E. 
v&gSAS  Wall.,  S.  lubtrifldnis  Bbme,  E.  Thunbergidaw 
no.  «-»»'->~      Blume,  E.  pendulua  Watt.,  and  E.  fripdus  WaU. 


154 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Genus  II. 


/ 


285. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  6. ;  Don's  IffilU  2.  p.  6. ;  Tor.  and  Grmj,  1.  p.  257. 
S^nonjfmet,    Bourreau  dei  Arbres,  Fr. ;  Baummorder,  Grr. ;  Bitteriweet,  Waxwork,  Am 


imer. 


(TELA'STRUS  L.   The  Celastr us,  or  i^r^FF  TiiiBX.   Lin.Sifst.  PenUindria 

Monogynia. 

Jdent(flcaiion.    Lia.  Gen.,  270.  ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  &.  ;  Don's  Mill.,  2.  p.  6. 
Sunonynus.    Euonjrmdldet  iicenck ;  C^lastre,  Fr. ;  Celaster,  Ger. 

Derivation.    From  kiias,  the  latter  season  :  the  fruit  remaining  on  the  tree  all  the  winter.    The 
kelaUros  of  the  Greeks  is  supposed  to  be  the  J?u6nymas. 

Gen,  Char,  Calyx  small,  5-lobed.  Petals  5,  unguiculate.  Ovary  small,  im- 
roersed  in  a  lO-striped  disk.  Stigmas  2-^.  Capsule  2 — 3  valved.  Seed  1, 
in  a  large  fleshy  anl.  (Dons  Mill.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous;  stipules  minute.— -One 
hardy  species  ;  a  climbing  shrub,  a  native  of  North  America. 

1  1.  C  SCA'^NDBNS  L.     The  c\imbing'4temmed  Celastrus,  or  Staff  TVee, 

IdetUification.    Lin.  Sp. 

Svnonffmes.    Bourreau 

Engravings.    Nout.  Du  Ham.,  1.  t.  9A. }  and  our^.  211. 

Spec.  Char,,  Sfc.  Thornless,  climbing,  smooth.  Leaves  oval,  acuminate 
serrate.  Flowers  dioecious.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  deciduous  twining  shrub. 
Canada  to  Virginia.  Height  5  ft.  to  20  ft.  Introduced  in  1736.  Flowers 
small,  pale  yellowish  green  ;  June.  Capsules  orange  ;  ripe  in  September. 
Seed  reddish  brown,  coated  with  a  bright  orange  aril,  changing  at  last  to 
scarlet. 

The  stems  are  woody  and  flexible,  and  twist 
themselves  round  trees  and  shrubs,  or  round  each 
other,  to  the  height  of  12  or  15  feet,  or  upwards, 
girding  trees  so  closely  as,  in  a  few  years,  to  de- 
stroy them ;  whence  the  French  and  German  names, 
which  signify  "  tree  strangler."  The  leaves  are  about 
3  in.  long,  and  nearly  2  in.  broad,  serrated,  of  a  lively 
green  above,  but  paler  on  the  under  side.  The  plant 
prefers  a  strong  loamy  soil,  rather  moist  than  dry;  and 
IS  readily  propagated  by  seeds,  layers,  or  cuttings.  ^n.  cMatm 

Other  Species  of  Celastrus,  —  C.  buUdtus^  described  from  a  figure  of  Plukenet, 
is,  according  to  Torrey  and  Gray,  a  doubtful  plant.  C.  nepaiensu  and  C.  pyra- 
canthifolius  are  in  Messrs.  Loddiges's  collection,  but  rather  tender. 

Genus  III. 


NEMOPA'NTHES  Rafin,    Thb   Nrmopanthbs.    Lm,  Syst,  Polygdmia 

Dicecia. 

Ideniificalion.    Rafin.  Joam.  Phji.,  1819,  p.  96. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  S.  p.  17. ;  Don's  Mill,  1  p.  13i 

Summffme.    IlldSldes  Dum.  Cours.  1.  toI.  4.  p.  27. 

Dermatim,    From  monos,  a  grove,  and  amikost  a  flower ;  it  being  generally  found  in  groves. 


Gen,  Char,  Calyx  small,  scarcely  conspicuous.  Petals  5,  distinct,  oblong, 
linear,  deciduous.  Stamens  5,  alternating  with  the  petals.  Ovary  hemi* 
spherical,  covered  with  clammy  juice.  Style  wanting.  Stigmas  3— -4,  ses- 
sile ;  ui  the  male  flowers  hardly  manifest.  Berry  globose,  3 — l^celled. 
(Don's  Mill,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  ovate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  ;  quite  entire. — One 
hardy  species. 


XX.    CELASTRA  CEJE-       XXl-    AQVIFOUJl^CEM,. 
■    1.   y.  CINKUBNSI 


chx.  F1.  B^.  Jtmer.   1 1.  43^  n 


Spec,  Oiar,,  ^,   Leaves  ovate,  quite  entire,  or  serrateil  At 

the  apex,  smooth     Pedicels  luuaUy  aolitnry,  1-flowered, 

very  Iraig.      Flowers  white.     Berries   large,  beautiliil 

crimton,  very  omBmental.    (^Don'i  MUIJ)     Adecicluoua 

iJmib.     Canada  to   Carolina,  on   mountains.     Height 

3ft.to5ft.     Introduced  in  180S.  Flower*  small,  white  ;^ 

April  and  May.     Berry  large,  beautiful  crimson ;  ripe  in 

October.      Very  ornamental. 

Ptanti  of  this  species  in  the  Uort.  Soc.  Garden,  and  at 
Messrs.  Loddiges'a.  under  the  name  of  /Yinos  lucidus, 
tbrm  neat  bstigiate  shrubs,  rather  of  slow  growth,      A  ^..^i^. 

few  years  ago  there  were  some  very  handsome  plants  of 
this  species  at  White  KnightB.    Sucliers  or  layers  in  loamy  soil ;   or  cuttings 
of  the  young  wood  in  sand  under  a  glass. 

Oder  Spedet  of  Celatirdcea. — Maytemis  diileniit  Dec. 
(our  /!g.  £13.),  a  handsome  evergreen   branchy  shrub, 
with  twiggy  branchlels.     The  flowers  are  in  a:iillary  clus- 
ters, wiui  the  corolla  of  a  velloitish  green   colour,  not 
showy.     It  is  3  native  of  Ctiile.  and  stood  eight  or  ten 
winters  against  a  south  wall  in  the  Uort.  Soc.  Garden, 
and  was  Sought  to  be  tolerably  hardy,  but  was  killed  to 
the  ground  in  the  winter  of  IS3T-8,  and  did  not  spring  up 
3   Bgnin.  It  also  stood  several  winters  in  the  open  garden,  as 
,  ;  a  stajidard,  and  promised  to  be  a  valuable  addition  to  our 
■u  iui'~H  Ebiunii.      hardy  evergreen  shrubs,  which  it  may  possibly  yet  prove. 


Order  XXI.     ^QUIFOLIA'CEiE. 

uJI^b,  t^ta^jitiuhllicac,  In  put,  Dte,  Proi.  t.  p.  II.  i  iUdiH,  lq  put.  ZjML 

'i«™*. uN.'s.f.  i;s., DoH-i urn.  1  P- 1*. 

OsD.  Char.  Caiyx  and  airotla  with  an  imbricate  testivation.  Sepait  4 — 6. 
Canlla  hypogynous,  with  4 — 6  lobes,  and  as  many  stamens  innerted  into  it 
alternately  to  its  lobes.  Ovari/  2 — excelled  i  a  pendulous  ovule  in  each 
cell.  Pmil  fleshy,  iridehiscent,  with  2—6  stones,  each  containing  a  pendu- 
lous seed,  which  has  large  fleshy  albumen.  (Lmdl.) — Low  pees  or  shrubs, 
chieAy  erergreen.     Natives  of  Europe  and  North  America, 

Leavtt  simple,  alternate  or  opposite,  esstipulaie,  evergreen  or  deciduous ; 
coriaceous.  Fhuiert  small,  axillary,  solitary  or  faacicled, — The  genera 
containing  hardy  species  are  three,  and  are  thus  contradiBtinguished  :  — 

Mtgi'ndj  Jacq.  Sexes  hermaphrodite.  Stamens  4.  Fruit  1-celled,  l-seeded. 
Shrubs  with  square  branchlets  ;  leaves  opposite,  sub  coriaceous,  and  flowers 
upon  trifidly  or  trichotomoiisly  branched  peduncles. 

T\.a  L.  Sexes  hermaphrodite,  diceeious,  or  polygamous.  Slaracns  4 — 5. 
Fruit  iocludin"  4  or  5  nuts.  Evergreen  shrubs  with,  mostly,  coriaceous 
leaves.     Flowers  many  on  a  peduncle. 

Pbi'nos  L.  Sexes  mostly  ditecious  or  poly|ainoue.  Stamens  6.  Fruit  in- 
cludir^  6  nuts.  Shrubs  with  leaves  deciduous  or  persistent,  and  flowers 
1  u|  on  a  peduncle. 


156 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITAMNICUM. 


Genus  I. 


□ 


MYGI'NDi^  Jacq.    The  Myoinda.    Lin,  SyH.  Tetrindria  Monog/uu. 

JientifleaHon.    Jacq.  Amer.,  p.  M. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  S.  p.  19L ;  Don's  HUU  >>  P-  !'• 

Svnonifmei.    Tlex  Pursh ;  Ore^pblU  Nvtt.  In  7br.  amd  Qrav- 

Derivation.    So  named*  bj  Jaoquin  In  honour  of  Francis  mm  Mi^imd,  a  Qerman  botaniit. 

Gen.  Char,  Calyx  small,  4-cleft.  Corolla  deeply  4-cleft,  aubiotate.  Stamens  4, 
alternating  with  the  segments  of  the  corolla,  and  shorter  than  them,  and 
inserted  in  its  throat.  Ovary  roundish.  Stigmas  4.  Drupe  ovate,  1 -celled. 
{Don's  MUL) 

Leaves  simple,  mostly  opposite,  exstipulate,  evergreen  ;  entire  or  remotely 
serrulated.    Flowers  axillary,  subsolitary,  minute.  —  One  species  is  hardy. 

ji  1.  M.  AfYRTiPoYiA  NtUL    The  Myrtle-leaved  Myginda. 

Idmt^kMuM.    NuU.  Gen.,  1.  p.  109. ,  Don't  MiU..  S.  p.  li^ ;  Dec  Prod.,  2. 

p.  13. 
Svfonymei.    Tlex  Mfnhxltea  Pursk ;  Ore6phlIa  fftyrUil>llA  KtcM 
JSngratingg.    Hook  FL  Bor.  Atner.,  t.  41. ;  and  oar>^.  SL 

Spec,  Char,f  S^c,  Leaves  oblong,  blunt,  serrated,  smooth, 
with  re  volute  edges.  Peduncles  very  short  usually  soli- 
tary, l-flowered.  Style  short,  club-shaped  4-lobed  at  the 
apex.  (Don's  MiU,)  A  low  evergreen  shnib.  N.  W. 
coast  of  North  America,  and  the  Rocky  Mountains. 
Height  2  ft.  to  4fl.  In tr educed  in  1818.  Flowers  small, 
white  ;  May  to  August.    Drupe  dark  purple ;  ripe  in  Oct. 

Plants  of  this  species  are  in  the  arboretum  of  Messrs. 
Loddiges ;  where  it  is  increased  by  cuttings,  and  grows  in 
common  soil. 

Genus  II. 


fl4.    M.  Mjnmila. 


J^LEX  L.  The  Hollt.    lAn.  Syst  Tetr&ndria  Tetragynia. 

JdentifleaUoH.    Lla.  Oen.,  No.  172. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  13. ;  Don't  Mill..  2.  p.  16L 

Bynomfmes.    WquKbUum  Toum.  InsL  t  171.,  &«r<.  FrucL  2.  t  92: ;  Hoax,  Fr. ;  Stechpatan^  or 

HfHue,  Ger^  lUoe, /fa/. 
Derivation.  Theopbrattot,  and  other  Greek  authort,  named  the  holly  Agria ;  that  i«»  wild,  or  of 
the  fleldi ;  and  the  Romans  formed  firom  thlt  the  word  Agrifolium ;  and  called  It.  alto.  Aqoi. 
folium,  from  ocmTimm,  tharp,  and  foUum^  a  leaf.  C  Bauhin  and  Looreiro  flnt  named  It  riex,  on 
acoount  of  the  resemblance  of  its  leares  to  those  of  the  Querent  JTlex,  the  true  Ilex  of  Virgil. 
LInnaut  adopted  the  name  of  JTlex  for  the  genua,  and  presenred  the  name  of  ifquifdilum  for  the 
most  anciently  known  ipedet.  The  name  of  HoUjr  it,  probablv,  a  comiptioa  of  the  word  hoty, 
at  Turner  in  hit  Herbal  callt  it  Holy,  and  Holy  Tree ;  probably  frxsm  its  beinc  uted  to  oomm*- 
morateUhe  holy  time  of  Christmas,  not  only  in  houses,  but  in  churches.  The  German  name 
Christdom,  the  Danish  name  Christom,  uid  the  Swedish  name  Christtom,  teem  to  Justify  this 
eoi^ecture. 

Gioii.  Char,  Calyx  4 — 5-toothed,  permanent.  Corolla  4— 5-cleft,  subrotate. 
Stamens  4 — 5,  alternating  with  the  segments  of  the  corolla.  Ovary  sessile. 
SUgmas  4.     Berry  containing  4—5  1 -seeded  nuts.  {Don's  MUL) 

L«atv#  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  mostly  eveigreen;  ovate,  oval,  or 
ovate-lanceolate,  coriaceous,  serrated,  toothed,  or  quite  entire.  Fhtoers 
axillary,  agsrcgace,  small,  generally  white.  jFVio^  a  drupe,  mostly  red. — Low 
trees  and  snrubs,  chiefly  evergreen,  natives  of  Europe,  North  America,  and 
the  Himalayas,  generally  of  slow  growth,  and  of  long  duration.  Loamy 
soil,  rather  dry  tnan  moist. 


XXr.    -<QUIFOLIACE«:    ILEX. 


A.  £«awi  tpmt/Jootkta, 
i  1.  1.  Aumvo'^ivm  L.     The  prickly-leared,  or  «HinnOTi,_  Holly. 

I^HttM.    Un.  SptIII.  i  Fl.  Dtn.,  (OS.  ;  D»t  Prod.,*,  p.  II.  ;  ajn'l  Mifi.,  i  >.  "^jj^^  ^ 

¥■«.  ft-,  i  8t«hp.«n».  SUUiUub.  fluUe.  ChrlKdo™.  M.iudorj  Jftlta*uj2^"  t 
^nUKl  l»rdk*U,  D«c*  ;  Srlkjalmr,  DaMi*  i  J.rlKk.  Cbriillnrn  Sirerfu*  ,  WK^Mlnld. 
Onrokof,  P.dub.  «■«.  !  ApifoLio,  Jb.i  ;  Arabo,  Sm.  :  A'^'lnho,  Port.  „i   ,  .  .^ 

A.t»«^L      ainHllED(.  B«.L496.-.  Ih.  pUl«D(tlHi.p«t«inArb.  B(ll,lit«dU.,  iol.T.,»ad 

Sprc.  Oar.,  *f.  Leaves  oblong,  Bhining,  wafv,  ■piny-toothed.  Peduncles 
MiillKT  FlowerB  nearly  umbellate.  A  handaome,  eonicsl,  evergreen 
tree.    Eurc^e  and  Britain.     Height  gOft.  to  30ft.  in  a  wild  state;  and 


twice  that  height,  or  upwards,  in  a  state  of  cultivation.  Flowers  white; 
Hay.  Pruit  reil ;  riiie  in  September,  and  remaining  on  the  tree  all  the 
winter.  The  lower  leaves  are  very  spinous ;  while  the  upper  ones,  espe- 
cially on  old  trees,  are  entire.  Decaying  leaves  yellow,  dropping  in  June 
or  July. 
Towtn.  In  general  the  variegalioD  of  plants,  more  especially  of  treea  and 
•hrubs,  i«  accompanied  by  a  ragged,  or  otherwise  unhealthy,  appearance  in 
the  leaves  j  but  the  holly  is  one  of  the  very  few  esceptiona  to  this  rule. 
Tbe  tarieeationa  of  the  holly  are  chiefly  confined  to  [he  modification  of 
white  and  yellow  in  the  leaves:  but  there  are  some  sorts  in  which  the 
vination  results  from  the  stale  of  the  leaves  with  reference  to  prickles,  to 
nugnitude,  and  to  fonn ;  and  others  consist  of  difTerences  in  the  colour 
of  the  fniit,  which  is  red,  yellow,  or  white,  and  black.  These  varieties  are, 
fbr  the  moat  part,  without  names,  and  those  in  the  following  groups  ap- 
pear to  ua  to  be  all  that  are  trulv  distinct ;  but  the  shades  of  difl^ence  under 
each  name  in  these  groups  are  almost  iniwinienible. 


8  AltBOitETUSI    ET    FKLTICETUM    BRiTANNICUM. 

ii.   y^ielic-,  d^tigmltd  frvm    lAe    Form.  Magnitude.    Thickn<r»,    SuHi-ce 

or  Margin  of  the  Leaf. 
t   I.  A.  2  helerophjillum  Hort.  —  Leaves  TarioiiBly  shapEd. 
t   I.  A.  3  rtij^iu/i/o/iimi  Hon. —  Leaves  narrow. 

t   I.  A.  4./Bii/3/inniHi>rt.— Leavesbroad.    Shoots  dark  purple.    There 
IB  a  fine  specimen  at  Elvajitoii  Caatle,  where  it  is  called  the  Water 
Holly, 
t   1.  A.  5  ailaclerhue  Hort.     The  High  Clere  Hollv.  —  Leaves  broad 

thin,  and  Am. 
1   LA.  6  margi.1^™   Hort.    (&.   216.)  —  Leaves  without  prickles, 
conaceous,  nearly  as  broad  as  loni;,  and  with  a  thickened  maipn. 


t   L  A.  7  Uari/dUum  Hort.  (&.  217.)  —  Leaves  small,  oval-lanceolate 
without  prickles,  about  the  size  and  shape  of  those  of  LaCinia 
n6bilis. 
t   L  A,  8  •.ilidttm  Hort.  (Jig.  818.) — Leaves  oval-acuminate,  small; 
the  prickles  along  (he  margins  like  hairs. 

A.  9  ei/idlam  ndniu  Hort.  —  Leaves  thinner  and  smaller  than  in  the 
precetling  variety. 
A.  10  rreiireiim  Hort.  (jJg.  219.)  —  Leaves  recurved. 


I    L  A.  II  icm^a/iun  Hort.  f/g.  2S0.) —  Leaves  »■ 

t    I.  A.  12  crfjpuni  Hon.  —  Leaves  curled. 

t   1.  A,  13 /CTOT  Hort.     Hedgehog  Holly;  Houx-herisson, />,  (Jig.iai.) 

—  The  disk  of  the  leaf  fias  its  edges  rolled  back  ;  and  a  somewhat 


XXI.    ^QUIFOLIA'CC^:    /'LEX. 

cylindrical  figure  U  hence  piv- 

en  to  IE ;  and,  as  the  Eurfnce  ^ 

dxjunds  in  prominenceB  and 

prickles,  it  has  a  curious  ap- 

pearancc,   not   unaptly   com- 
pared to  that  of  a  hedgehog. 
t    1.  A.  li  cnun/o/iuni  Hon.   i,flg. 

292.)  —  Leaves     thick    and 

fleshy. 
r   I.   A.    15    miicmt    Sweet.  — 

Leaves  spineless,  thin. 
All  these  varieties  may  be  seen 
in  Messrs.  Loddiges's  collection, 
and  it  is  no  small  proof  ot  their 
value  for  town  gardens,  that  they 
thrive  in  the  smoky  atmosphere  of 
nt.  i.^nm.        that  magnificent  establiiihment. 

b.  Vanetiet  deiignaled  from  the  Colovn  of  tie  Leaf. 

Under  the  general  name  of  van^ated  hollies,  twenty  or  thirty  varieties, 
tome  of  them  with,  and  some  of  them  without,  popular  names,  are  obtainable 
in  the  principal  London  nurseries.  Having  examined  and  compared  the 
diflbrent  sbailea  of  variegation  in  the  plants  in  the  very  complete  collection 
of  Mesm.  Loddiges,  we  think  they  may  be  all  included  in  the  following 
groups;  — 

t  i.  A.  16  dlbo-margaidtum  Hort.  —  Leaves  with  white  edges.  Of  this 
variety  the  subrarieties  in  I,oddiges's  arboretum  are  marked  5,  lb, 
IB,  and  24,  which  hare  all  long  and  narrow  leaves,  with  edgings  of 
white  or  pale  yellow  along  their  margins ;  and  4, 6, 7,  IS,  17,  3E,  23, 
and  86,  which  have  larger  leaves,  and  a  greater  breiulth  of  margin 
variegated  ;  the  white  or  pale  yellow  forming  in  some  cases  one 
third,  or  even  one  half,  of  the  surface  of  the  teul 

1  1.  A,  17  aureo-margindlum  Hort.  —  Leaves  with  jellow  edges.  The 
following  subvarieties  are  in  Messrs.  Loddigeb'n  arboretum,  Nos.  19  . 
and  20  with  dark  yellow  mar^ns;  and  Nos.  1.  2,  8,  9,  10.  13,  and 
89,  with  mar^nsof  dark  and  light  yellow.  Another  subdividon  of 
thix  group  consiita  of  plants  with  broad  leaves,  in  what  may  be 
called  a  transitioD  state  from  green  to  vari^ated,  viz.,  with  ereenish 
yellow  or  very  pale  green  blotches  or  margins.  When  such  plants 
become  old,  they  are  generally  very  distinctly  variegated  with  yellow. 
Examples  in  the  Hackney  arboretum  are  Nos.  3,  20,  and  21. 

t  I.  A.  18  albo-jActum  Hort.  —  Leaves  spotted  with  while.  Tills  variety 
hai  a  considerable  portion  of  the  centre  of  the  disk  of  the  leaf  white. 
and  of  a  somewhat  transparent  appearance;  the  edges  of  the  disk 
of  the  leaf  being  green. 

1  I.A.  \9  aurea-fActuBi  Hort.  —  Leaves  spotted  with  yellow.  The  fol- 
lowing subvarieties  are  in  Messrs.  Loddiges's  arboretum.  Nos.  1 1, 
H,  16,  26,  87,  and  30. 

t  I.  A.  saferox  arehileum  Hort.  —  Hie  hedgehog  holly  with  leaves 
blotched  with  wTiice. 

*  L  A.  i\  Jerox-aitremtt  Hort- — The  bedgfjiog  holly  with  leaves  blotched 

with  ydlow. 

c.  Varieikt  dcagnated  yrom  the  Colour  of  the  Fndt. 
I   L  A.  88  ^ilriuiilfao  Hort.  — Fruit  yellow. 

*  L  A.  23  frictu  6ibo  Hort.  —  Fruit  white. 

*  L  A.  24  fruclu  mgro  Hort,  — Fruit  black. 

The  holly  mtkes  the  most  impenelrable  and  the  most  durable  of  all  vege- 


lf)t>  ARBORETUM    ET   FEUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM.  ^ 

table  fences ;  and  it  has  this  great  advantage  over  deciduous4eaved  trees  and 
shrubs,  that  it  is  seldom  liable  to  be  attacked  by  insects ;  and,  if  shorn,  the 
outer  surface  becomes  impenetrable  even  to  birds,  who  cannot  build  their  nests 
in  it.  The  wood  is  almost  as  white  as  ivory,  except  in  the  centre  of  very 
old  trv»*ks,  where  it  is  somewhat  brown.  It  is  very  hard,  with  a  fine  grain, 
8U8cef4ble  of  a  high  degree  of  polish,  and  is  readily  stained  with  black,  green, 
blue,  or  red.  It  weighs,  when  dry,  at  the  rate  of  4*7  lb.  7  oz.  per  cubic  foot. 
The  veins  of  the  wood,  and  its  annual  layers,  are  so  small  as  scarcely  to  be 
perceptible.  It  is  applied  to  a  ^eat  many  purposes,  in  joinery,  cabinet-making, 
and  turnery;  in  engineering,  m  mathematical-instrument-making;  and  it  is 
even  used  for  wood-engraving.  The  bark  afibrds  birdlime,  which  is  prepared 
by  boiling  and  evaporation.  Theliolly  attains  the  largest  size  in  a*  rich  sandy 
loam  ;  but  it  will  grow,  and  even  thrive,  on  almost  any  soil,  provided  it  is  not 
overcharged  with  moisture.  As  its  ^eeds,  like  those  of  the  hawthorn,  do  not 
come  up  the  first  year,  to  save  ground  and  the  expense  of  weeding,  the  ber- 
ries are  commonly  buried  in  the  soil,  or  kept  mixed  up  in  a  heap  of  earth  for 
one  year ;  after  which,  if  sown  in  autumn,  they  will  come  up  the  following 
June.  The  varieties  are  propagated  by  budding  and  grafting.  These  ope- 
rations are  performed  at  the  usual  times,  and  in  the  usual  manner ;  but  it  has 
been  observed  by  Tschoudi,  that  cleft-grafling  does  not  succeed  nearly  so 
well  with  the  holly  as  whip-grafting  or  budding.  In  England,  the  stocks 
budded  or  grafted  on  are  generally  of  four  or  five  years*  growth ;  and  the 
grafting  is  effected  in  March,  and  the  budding  in  July.  The  variegated  kinds 
are  also  propagated  by  cuttings,  which  are  made  in  autumn,  of  the  ripened 
summer  shoots.  They  are  planted  in  sandy  soil,  in  a  shady  border,  and  covered 
with  hand-glasses ;  and  they  generally  put  forth  roots  the  following  8|)ring. 
Holly  hedges  should  never  be  clipped,  because,  when  the  leaves  are  cut 
throujzh  the  middle,  they  are  rendered  unsightly  ;  and  the  shoots  should 
therefore  be  cut  with  a  knife  close  to  a  leaf.  The  proper  season  for  cutting 
would  appear  to  be  just  after  the  leaves  have  attamed  maturity  ;  because 
at  that  season,  in  the  holly,  as  in  the  box,  the  wound  is  comparatively  soon 
obliterated  by  the  healing  over  produced  by  the  still  abundant  sap. 

t  2.  L  (A.)  balea^'rica  Desf,    The  Minorca  Holly. 

Idetdifioation.    Deaf.  Arb.,  9.  p.  26S. ;  Don's  Mill.,  S.  p.  17. 
Synotwmet.     I.  ilqulfblium  rar.  )  Lam.  Diet.  3.  p.  US.^  /.  made- 

rfinili  Wittd.  Enum.  Suppl.  8.  according  to  Link. 
Mn^raoing,    Our  Jig.  223. 

Spec.  Char.,  <J>c.  Leaves  ovate,  acute,  flat,  shining, 
entire  or  spiny-toothed*  Umbels  axillary,  few- 
flowered,  short.  (Don*t  Mill.)  An  evergreen  low 
tree.  Minorca  and  Madeira.  Height  10  fl.  to  20  fit. 
in  England  ;  in  Madeira  60  fl.  to  80  (t.  Introduced 
in  1744.  Flowers  white ;  May  and  June.  Drupe 
scarlet ;  ripe  in  December.  Decaying  leaves  yellow, 
dropping  in  June  and  July. 

A  very  distinct  variety  of  the  common  holly,  readily 
distinguished  at  sight,  by  its  yellowish  green  leaves, 
which  are  sharply  acuminated,  but  very  slightly  waved 
at  the  edges,  and  with  few  prickles.  It  is  propagated  by        <tt-  '•  i^-) 
budding  or  grafting  on  the  common  holly. 

1!  3.  /.  OPA^CA  Ait.    The  opaqaeJeaved,  or  American^  Holly. 

Identifieation.    Ait.  Hort.  Kew,  1.  p.  177. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  S.  p.  14. ;  Don't  Mill.,  9.  p.  17. 
Synon^fme*.     ifgrlfblium  TUlgkre  Oai/t,  Flor.  Virgin.  \  /"lex  ilqui(bllum  Ortmow.  and  Walt.  Ft. 

Car.  241. ;  dunkelblattrlM  Stechpalme,  Qer. :  Agrlfollo  a  Foglle  dJ  Querela,  ItaL 
Engraoingt.    The  plate  of  the  spedet  in  Arb.  Brit.,  Ut  edit,  toI.  t.  ;  and  our^.  224 

Spec.  C/tar.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  flat,  coriaceous,  acute,  toothed  in  a  scalloped 
manner,  sniny,  and  glabrous,  but  not  glossy.  Flowers  scattered,  at  the 
base  of  only  those  branches  that  are  a  year  old.  Teeth  of  the  calyx  acute. 
Sexes  dioecious.  (Dec.  Prod.)     A  beautiful  evergreen  low  tree.     Canada 


XXI.  j*QtiiFOLiA'cEJB :  j'lex.  16| 

to^Kna.  Height  in  England  10ft.  toEOft.;  in  Carolina  60 ft.  to  80ft. 
Inm»duooduil744.  Flower*  white ;  May  and  June.  Drupe  scarlet  j  ripe 
m  December,  remaimng  on  the  trees  all  the  winter. 

I  1.  0.  2  Itulflin,  I.  laxifldra  Lam.,  I.  opio  w.  A^Mtf .,  has  the  flowers 
on  IoomIj  branched  peUunclei,  and  the  drupe  yellow.  Introduced 
in  I8t  I.     Several  other  vaiietieE  ere  mentioned  bv  Rafine^que. 


In  America,  this  upecies  is  applied  to  all  the  ust's  which 
the  ramnjon  holly  is  in  Europe.  It  forms  hedges  ;  is  an 
ornamental  tree  or  shrub  in  gardens;  is  emjiloyed  for 
"■king  birdlime;  and  the  wood  is  used  in  turnery  and 
rabinetnialing.     Propagation  as  in  the  common  holly. 

ria  tMeeliiniea  (_fy.  225.),  of  which  there  is  a  small 
plant  in  the  Hort.  Soc  Garden,  pramisi:s  to  be  a  very 
"ndsoroe  species,  and  tolerably  hardy,  as  it  stood  the 
winter  of  1837-8  against  a  wall. 


B.  Leavet  toothed,  larattd,  or  crmalt,  but 


m  4.  /.  Ffddo  Ait.     The  Perado  Holly. 
UnttiflcaliBm.    Alt  Hort.  Knr.,  l.p.  tSB. ;  Ilan'iUai.,1.p.  IT. 
Sffw^iiiu,    /.  TudfTTiuli  Lam,  Did.  S.  p.  1U. 
Emtratiitgi.    N.  Du  Hun.,  i.  L  ».;  BaL  C^.,  LMg.,i  mniDarJIt.nt 

Sj-ec.  Char.,  cjc.     Leaves  ovate,  with  an  entire  acumen, 
or  having  very  few  teeth,  shining.  UmbeU  short,  ax- 
illary,  few^Aowered.    (Dm'i  MUl.)      An   evergreen 
shrub.     Madnra.     Height  in  England  511.  to   lOft. 
Introduced  in  1760.     llowera  white  or  reddish  ;  May 
and  June.     Drupe  large,  red ;  ripe  in  October. 
Commonly  treated  aa  a  green-house  plant,  but  quite 
^&^dr   ^'"^y  '"  ^'  Hort  Soc.  Garden;  where,  and  bImo  in  se- 
.^^arV  vera!  other  places,  it  stood  the  winter  of  IB37-8,  without 
1.  tv™«.  any  protection,  uninjured. 

/.  CjIssi'xh  Ait.    The  CassineSie,  or  hroad-leaved  Dafurnn,  Holly. 

,  fcfTwu.'.  1*^17"'^  '^"'■'  '•''■™'°"-  '^"'"  S-P.H-lP™''  FI.A111.  S^.l.p.llT.j 
»—*■■»-  A'raaMam  atDlln^iiH  (Mai.  Or.  I.t.jl.i/.  areMnUu  Uitt.  Din.  tto.  ».;  I 
nKwUB  l.At  iatm.  I.  n  lU,  i  lb«  Cuiau  (rf  Ilia  Anwilcu  IsdliiBi  BaHm. 


162 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


Spec.  Char,,  S^c,  Leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  sharply 
serrated,  flat ;  the  midribs,  petioles,  and  branch-' 
lets  glabrous.  The  flowers  upon  lateral  corym- 
bosely  branched  peduncles.  {Dec.  Prod.)  An 
evergreen  shrub.  Lower  Carolina  to  Florida, 
in  shady  swamps.  Height  6  ft.  to  10  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1700.  Flowers  white  ;  August.  Drupe 
red ;  ripe  in  December. 

The  fruit  is  rather  smaller  than  that  of  the  com- 
pon  hollv ;  it  continues  on  the  trees  the  most  part 
of  the  wmter,  untouched  by  birds ;  and,  being  of  a 
bright  red,  and  large  in  proportion  to  the  leaves, 
which  are  about  the  size  of  those  of  the  common 
arbutus,  the  plant  makes  a  fine  appearance,  both  in 
its  native  country  and  in  England.  Commonly  pro- 
pagated by  seeds  ;  but  it  will  also  strike  by  cuttings,  or  it  may  be  grafted  on 
the  common  holly. 

m  6.  /.  ANGUSTiFO^LiA  WUkl.     The  narrow-leaved  Holly. 

Identification.    Willd.  Enum.,  1.  p.  172. ;   Dec.  Frod.,  8.  p.  14.; 

Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  17. 
SyitonifmtM,    I.mjrtxfbM^  Wait,  CaroiL  S41.,  N.  DtiA.,  and  Lodd. 

Cat,  ;  /.  rosmarinifblta  Lam.  Jil,  1.  p.  356. 
Engravings,    N.  Du  Ham.,  1. 1.  4. ;  and  our  fig.  22S. 

Spec,  Char.,  S^c.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  sawed  at 
the  tip,  rather  revolute  in  the  margin ;  the  mid- 
rib, petiole,  and  branchlets  glabrous.  Flowers  in 
stalked  lateral  cymes.  {Dec.  Prod.)  An  evergreen 
shrub.  Height  6  ft.  to  10  ft.  Virginia  to  Geor- 
gia, in  swamps.  Introduced  in  1806.  Flowers 
white ;  June.  Drupe  globular  and  red  ;  ripe  in 
December. 

A  very  handsome  species,  but  not  very  common. 
There  are  plants  of  it  at  Messrs.  Loddiges,  and  in 
the  H.  S.  Garden,  under  the  name  of  /.  myrtifblia. 

1  7.  /.  VOMITO^RIA  Ait.     The  emetic  Holly,  or  South  Sea  Tea. 

tdewtifieation.    Alt.  Hort.  Kew..  1.  p.  278. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2  p.  14. ;  Don*!  Mill.,  2.  p.  17. 
Synonymes.     I.  CasMhie  vdrft  IValt,  Carol,  341. «   /.  fifftistrfna  Jacq.  CoU.  4.  p.  105.,  Tctm.  Rar. 

t.310.,  IVmdt.  Hort.  t.  81.:   Casshu  Perdgua  Mill.  Icon.  t.  83.  f .  2. ;  /.  Cauina  Michx.  Fl.  1. 

p.  '229. ;  /.  reli|d[bsa  Bart.  A  Virg.  69. ;  /.  florld&na  Lam.  lU.  No.  1731. ;  Houx  apalacbine.  Ft.  - 

true  Cassene,  Casiena,  Florida  ;  the  Yapon,  Virginia ;  the 

etergreen  Casaena,  or  Casiloberrv  Bush,  Eng. 
Engravings.    Jacq.  Icon.  Rar.,  t.  3l0. ;  Wendl.  Hort..  t.  31. ; 

Hill.  Icon.,  t.  83.  f. 2. ;  BXidonr fig.  229. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  oblong  or  elliptic, 
obtuse  at  both  ends,  crenately  serrated,  and, 
with  the  branchlets,  glabrous.  Flowers  in 
subsessile  lateral  umbels.  (Dec.  Prod.)  An 
evergreen  low  tree.  Carolina  to  Florida,  along 
the  sea  coast.  Height  10  ft.  to  12  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1700.  Flower  white  ;  June  and  July. 
Drupe  red,  like  that  of  the  common  holly ; 
ripe  in  December. 

Not  very  common  in  British  collections ;  but 
there  arc  plants  of  it  in  Loddiges*8  arboretum, 
and  in  the  garden  of  the  Hort.  Soc 

C.  Leaves  quite  entire,  or  nearly  to. 
1  «  8.  /.  Dahoo'n  Wall.    The  Dahoon  Holly. 

Identification.    Wait  Fl.  Carol.,  941. ;  Dee.  Frod.,  9.  p.  14.  i  Don'l  Mill.,  9.  p,  iv. 
Sfnoninw.    I.  Casskte  WiUd.  Hort.  B«rol.  1. 1. 31 . 


XXI.  ^quifolia''ce£ :  pri'nos.  163 

BaZHrtiH.    Wnid.  HaR.Btnl.,tt1^iiid«lfea  nnw  tt  l.C—^me;  «ar  J((.  DO.  bum  ■  plul 
kLa«£i«'tl>it»i«nin,udj4.3Sl.rrijin[h(Bgrt.  BanUn. 

SpK.  Char.,  Ifc.  Leaves  lanceoUtely  elliptical,  nearlj  entire,  almost  reroluta 
in  the  maipn ;  the  midrib,  petiole,  and  branchleta  villous.  Flowen  dis- 
poned in  corj'QiboBe  panicles,  that  are  upon  lateral  aod  terminal  peduncles. 
(Dee.  Prod.')  A  beautiftil  evergreen  shrub  <x  low  tree.  Carolina  to  Flo- 
rida, m  swamps.  Height  S  ft.  to  10 ri.  btroducedin  1726.  Flowers  white; 
Blaj  and  June.  Drupe  red  ;  ripe  in  December. 
Hie  leaves  of  this  apeciea  are  verf  numerous, 

ud  resemble  those  of  Z.Burus  BoiMnin.     The 

pint  ia  rare  m  British  gardens,  and  seldoca  ripens 


^      .     in  peen- 

,  ant  m  1836  io  the  open  air,  in  the  Mile  End  Nursery,  which  was  20  ft.  high, 
with  a  bead  30  ft.  in  diameter ;  and  which  had  stood  there  many  years,  with- 
out the  slightest  protection. 

Olier  Speda  oflHex  are  described  by  authors  as  natives  of  North  America 
and  Sepal,  loine  of  which  are  introdticed,  and  may  probably  be  found  hardy, 
But  we  can  state  nothing  with  certainty  respectine  them.  In  this  genus,  as 
in  OKMt  others  containing  numerous  ipericfl  which  are  not  in  general  cultiva- 
tion, there  is  a  great  deal  of  uncertainty.  7.  Caairie,  I,  voraitoria  and  I. 
O>^o6»  are  probably  tbe  caine  species. 


Genus  III. 


., Gol.Hd.WI.;  Dec.  Prod.,  l.p.l«.:  Dod'i Mill.. S.  p.  90. 

Vw^ina.    AgJMi  Mam.  Fam.  I.  p  l«S.i  Apiliiidiii.  Pr. ;  WinurbHn.  Ctr. 

Gtm,  Char.  Flowen  6.«left,  hexandrous ;  usually  dttcciouB,  or  polygamous 
fixMD  abortion.  Fnat  with  6  nuts.  In  other  respects  the  character  is  the 
nme  as  that  of  riex.  {Dm'i  MUi.) 

heavet  simple,  axillary,  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  evei^een  ;   oval  or 
boceolale,  entire  or  serrated ;  djing  off  of  a  greenbh  yellow.     Flowert 
on  axillary  pedicels,   usually  single,  Bmall,  mo>tly  white.  —  Shrubs,  ever- 
fteea  and  deciduous ;  natives  of  North  America. 
In  habit  of  growth  the  spedes  are  all  more  or  leas  faetigiate,  and  send  up 

laaaooM  aucKers  from  the  collari  but,  if  these  were  removed,  the  plants 


164 


ARBORBTUM   ET  FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


would  form  neat  miniature  trees.  Propagated  by  suckers,  or  by  cuttings  of 
the  young  wood  in  sand  under  a  glass,  or  by  seeds.  Common  soil,  kept  moist. 
There  is  a  close  general  resemblance  among  all  the  deciduous  species,  which 
leads  us  to  doubt  whether  they  are  any  thing  more  than  varieties. 

§  i.  Prinoides  Dec. 


L 


.IL 

Stct.  Char,    Flowers  usually  4-— 5-  sometimes  6-cIeft.  {Dec,  Prod.,  ii.  p.  16.^ 
Leaves  deciduous. 

A  1.  P.  DECi'Duus  Dec.    The  deciduous  Winter  Berry. 

Jdeni(fleaiiot^    Dec.  Prod.,  S.  p.  16. ;  Don'i  MilU  2-  ?•  20. 

Stmonymes.    /Mex    srtndldea  Ait,  Hori.  Kew.  S.  p.  278. ;  Piex.  decidua 

Walt.  PL  Carol  S41. 
Engraving,    Our  Jig.  933.  from  a  plant  in  the  Hort.  Soe.  Garden. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  deciduous,  elliptic-lanceolate, 
tapered  to  the  petiole,  shallowlv  serrated;  the  midrib 
villous  beneath.  Peduncles  axillary ;  those  of  the  male 
flowers  several  together;  of  the  female  ones,  singly. 
Berries  red.  (Dec.  Prod,)  A  deciduous  shrub.  Vir- 
ginia to  Georgia,  on  rocky  shady  banks  of  rivers.  Height 
3  ft.  to  5  ft.  Introduced  in  1736.  Flowers  white ;  June 
and  July.    Berries  large,  crimsoa ;  ripe  in  December. 

Plants  of  thia  species  are  in  Loddiges's  nursery,  under 
the  name  of  Plex  ^rinoides.  „,.  Mirndtddi 

*  2.  P.  ambi'guus  Michx.    The  ambiguous  Winter  Beny. 

Identification,    Mlchx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  S.  p.  286.  i   Dec.  Prod,  8.  p.  17.; 

Don's  Hill.,  2  p.  30. 
^pumjfme.    CasAne  caroliniina  Walt.  FL  Carol,  p.  943. 
engravings,    Wats.  Dend.  Brit^  t.  29. ;  and  owrjig.  833. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  deciduous,  oval,  acuminate  at  both 
ends  ;  both  adult  ones  and  youn^  ones  glabrous  in  every 
part.  Peduncles  of  the  male  flowers  crowded  together  in 
the  lower  parts  of  the  branch  lets;  of  the  female  ones, 
singly.  {Dec,  Prod,)  A  deciduous  shrub.  New  Jersey 
to  Caroling,  in  wet  sandy  woods.  Height  4  ft.  to  5  ft. 
Introduced  in  1812.  Flowers  white;  June  to  August. 
Berries  red ;  ripe  in  November. 

The  leaves  are  subimbricate,  serrated,  acute  at  the  apex,  and 
the  berries  small,  round,  smooth,  and  red.  There  is  a  hand- 
some plant  of  this  species  in  the  arboretum  of  Messrs.  Lod- 
diges,  which,  in  1835,  was  5  ft.  high.  It  is  of  easy  culture  in  any 
free  soil ;  and  is  propagated  by  seeds,  cuttings,  or  layers. 


§  iu   Ageria  Dec. 


bigavh 


Sect,  Char,    Flowers   usually    6-cleft.    Leaves    deciduous.     (Dec,  Prod 
XI.  p.  17.) 

•  3.  P,  VEBTiciLLA^TUs  L,    The  whoried  MTmter  Berry. 

Hent^eation,    Lin.  Spec.,  471. :  Dec.  Prod.,  8.  n.  17. ;  Don's  MilU  S.  p.  Sa 

Synonyma,     P.  f adifUlus  Willd.  Enmn.  p.  894. ;  P.  Gronftrir  SOchz.  Fl.  Bor.  Amw.  8.  p.  236   > 
r.etmartm  Mmtchi  P.prunifMlus  Z^dd.  Cat.  ^^■-  * 


XXI.   jfQUirOLI&^CES  :    PRf  HOS. 


FlU.Dnid.  BiU^t.lO.;  Doll.  Atti.,l.t.n.l  mr. 
^,-^  A-IH.  bomttiaUon.  Sac.  Gardin. 

Oiar.,   4*c.       Leaves    deciduoiu,    ots),    i 
note,  «emtcd,  pubescent   beneath.       Male 
Sowera  in   axillarf  umbel-ahaped  liwcicleB ; 
tbe  feiDale   ones  amrecBte,  ttie  flower*  of    . 
both  sexes  &part^    (Dec.  Pnd.)    A  de-  . 
ciduous  ehnib.    Canada  to  Virginia,  in  wtt  I 
woods.      Height  6  ft.  to  8  ft.     Introduced 
in  1736.     Flowers  white  ;  June  to  August. 
Berries  red  or  crimson,  turning  purple ;  ripe 
in  November. 

There  are   two   handsome  plants   of   this 
spedes  in  Loddiges's  arboretum,  7  ft.  high,  one       , 
of  which  is  under  the  name  of  P.  r'niniioliui. 
■  4.  F.  lxviga'tus  Purih.    The  smooth.^inw^  Winter  Berry. 
Mi^MMUn.    Fonli  n.  Sept.  Anw.,  I.  p.  n).  t  Dk.  Prod.,  S.  p.  IT.  i  : 
Dool  UOL,  1.  p.  n.  I 

r  ji  '  j-  WaU. Dnd.  Brit., 1. 38. ;  indsor  JV.ns. 
^pre.  Ciar.,  ^c.  Leaves  dedduoua,  lanceolate,  serrated,  ' 
the  teeth  directed  forwards,  acuminate  ;  gkhrous  on 
both  lurfaces,  except  on  the  nerves  beneath,  wheru 
they  are  slightly  pubescent ;  upper  surface  glossr. 
Fowers  O-clcft ;  the  male  ones  scattered ;  the  female 
ones  axillary,  solitary,  almost  sessile.  (Oec,  Fred.)  A 
dedduous  ahmb.  Kew  York  to  Virginia,  on  the  Alle- 
^lany  Mountains.  Height  6ft.  to  8ft.  Introducedin 
1812.  Flowers  white;  July.  Berries  large,  dark  red ; 
'o  November, 

The  plant  of  this  species  in  Lod* 
diget's  arboretum  was  4  ft.  high  in 
1835.  Besdilj  distinguislied  by  its 
■onievdint  more  succulent  leaves  and 
shooia,  the  latter,  when  young,  tinged 
with  liuk  purple. 

A  5.  F.  lancbola'tus  Punh.     The  lanceolate-^nnW 
Winter  Berry, 

I.  r.V.;Dte.Fr(A„i.v.ir.i 

Urn  Hon.  Soe.  GaideD. 
Spec.  Cha.,  Sfc.  Leaves  deciduous,  lanceolate,  remotely 
and  very  slightly  serrulate,  smooth  on  both  luHaees. 
Blale  flowers  aggregate,  triandrous ;  female  ones  mostly 
in  pairs,  peduncled,  and  6-cleft.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  deci- 
duous ihrub.  Carolina  to  Georgia,  in  low  grounds. 
Hdght  6ft.  to  8  ft.  Introduced  in  1811.  Flowers 
white ;  June  and  July.  Berries  small,  scarlet ;  ripe  in 
November. 

The  plant  in  Loddiges's  arboretum  is  8  ft.  high. 
$  iii.  fViniirlia  Moench. 


\M 


Snt.  Char.    Flowera,  ft*  the  isoet  part,  6i^eft.    Leaves  permanenl.    (i)ec. 
Pnd.,  n.  p.  17.) 


166 


ARDORETUx\l    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


ngra9ing.    Our  Jig.  238.  from  nature.    The  figure  uuder  this  naaae  in  Wats.  Dend.,  t.  37^  it  thac 
of  P. 


136.    PMnotKlkbar. 


m  6.  p.  GLA^ER  £.    The  glabrous  Winter  Berry. 

Ident^loHtiom.    Lin.  Spec.,  471. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  S.  p.  17. ;  Don's  Hill.,  a.  p.  90. 
Synonyme.    Ink  berry,  Amer. 
Engravmg.    Our^.  23f 
of  P.  corliceus  Pursh, 

Spec,  Char,^  ifc^  Evergreen.  Leaves  lanceolate, 
with  wedge-shaped  iKises,  coriaceous,  glabrous, 
glossv,  somewhat  toothed  at  the  tip.  Flowers 
mostly  three  on  an  azillarv  peduncle  that  is  usu- 
ally solitary.  Fruit  black.  {Bee,  Prod,)  An 
evergreen  shrub.  Canada  to  Florida,  in  shady 
woods.  Height  3  ft.  to  5  ft.  Introduced  in  1750. 
Flowers  white ;  July  and  August.  Berries  black ; 
ripe  in  November. 

A  low  but  very  handsome  evergreen  shrub,  which, 
in  its  native  country,  makes  a  fine  show,  when 
covered  with  its  black  berries.  In  Loddiges^s  arbo- 
retum it  has  attained  the  height  of  4  ft.,  with  a  regu- 
lar ovate  shape,  densely  clothed  with  shining  foliage. 

•  7.  P.  coRiA^CEUs  Pwrth,    The  coriaceou8-/?atv«f  Winter  Berry. 

IdaUifleation.    Pursh  Fl.  SepU  Amer.,  1.  p.  221. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2l  p.  17. ;  Don's  MilU  2.  p.  21. 
^monyme.    P,  gibber  Wats. 

Engravmer.    WaIs.  Dead.  Brit.,  t.  27.,  and  Bot. j  Cab.,  4S0.,  under  the  naoie 
of  P.  glAber ;  and  oiujig.  289. 

Spec.  Char,,  4*c.  Evergreen.  Leaf  lanceolate,  with  a  wedge- 
shaped  base,  coriaceous,  glabrous,  glossy,  entire.  Flowers 
in  short,  sessile,  axillary  corymbs,  many  in  a  corymb. 
(Dec.  Prod.)  A  handsome,  talC  evergreen  shrub.  Georgia, 
in  sandy  woods  near  the  banks  of  rivers.  Height  8  ft.  to 
10ft.  Introduced  in  1820.  Flowers  white;  June  and 
July.    Berry  black ;  ripe  in  November. 

Varieties.  This  species  varies,  with  leaves  brooder,  obovate- 
lanceolate,  and  acuminate ;  and  narrower,  lanceolate,  and 
acute.  (Dec.  Prod.)  The  broad-leaved  variety  appears  to 
be  that  figured  in  Lod.  Bot,  Cab.,  t.  450. 

The  general  aspect  of*  this  plant  is  that  of  Plex  DahoSn.  It  is  a  handsome 
shrub,  well  deserving  a  place  m  collections. 

fl 

Other  Species  of  Prtnos.  —  P.  d&bius  6.  Don.  and  P.  atomdrius  Nutt.  have 
been  introduced,  and,  probably,  some  others;  but  we  have  only  noticed 
those  of  which  we  have  seen  living  plants,  and  which  we  consider  to  be 
tolerably  distinct,  though  there  are  probably  only  three  species  of  Prinoa ; 
two  of  which  are  deciduous,  and  the  other  evergreen. 


Order  XXIL    iiHAMNA^CEiE. 

Ord.  Char*  Calyx  4*-^5-cleft  ;  aestivation  valvate.  Corolla  of  4—5  petals ; 
in  some  absent.  Petals  cucullate,  or  convolute,  inserted  into  the  orifice  of 
the  calyx.  Stamens  4—5,  opposite  the  petals,  perigynous.  Ovary  supe- 
rior, or  half-superior,  2-,  3-,  or  4-celled,  surrounded  by  a  fiesh  v  disk.  Ovulet 
one  in  a  cell,  erect,  as  are  the  seeds.  Frttit  fleshy  and  indehiscent,  or  dry 
and  separating  into  3  divisions. — Trees  or  shrubs,  often  spiny,  and  generally 
dedduous.  (Undl.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  very  seldom  opposite,  with    minute  stipules^ 


XXII.   JIHAMNA'CEiE:    ZI^ZYPHUS.  167 

decidoous  or  erergreen.    FUnoen  axillary  or  tenninal*  —  Chiefly  natives  of 
Europe  or  North  America. 

They  are  ornamental  in  British  gardens  and  shrubberies,  chiefly  from  the  tb- 
riety  of  their  foliage,  and  from  their  berries ;  but  some  of  them,  as  Ceandthus, 
from  their  flowers.  They  are  all  of  easy  culture ;  and  they  are  propagated  by 
seeds,  cuttings,  or  layers.  The  hardy  genera  in  British  gardens  are  six ;  which 
are  characterised  as  follows : — 

ZfzTPBus  Toum.  Petals  5.  Styles  2 — 3.  Fnut  an  ovoid  mucilaginous  dnipe. 

Nuts  1 — 3-celled.    Seed  compressed.    A  deciduous  low  tree  or  shrub. 
Paliu^rus  Toum.    Petals  5.     Styles  3.    Fruit  dry,  indehiscent,  girded  with 

a  broad  membranaceous  wing,  3-celled.     Seed  ovate.     Spiny  shrubs. 
Bkrche^/^  Necker.     ^etals  5.    Style  1.     Stigmas  2.    Fruit  an  oblong  dry 

drupe  ;  the  nut  2-ceIIed.     A  twining  deciduous  shmb  from  Carolina. 
i^HA^mius  Lam,    Petals  in  some  absent.     Style  2 — 4>-cleft.     Fruit  nearly 

dry,  or  berried,  2 — 4-celled.  Seed  oblong.  Shrubs  or  small  trees,  deciduous 

or  evergreen  ;  chiefly  natives  of  Europe,  but  some  of  N.  America  and  Asia. 
CollrWu  Comm.     Corolla  none.    Style  endine  in  3  teeth.    Fruit  a  3-ceUed 

capsule.    Spiny  shrubs ;  natives  of  Peru  or  Chile. 
Cbano^hds  Xr.  Petals  5.    Styles  2 — 3,  united.    Fruit  a  dry  henry,  3rcelled, 

rarely  2 — 4^ce]led.     Seed  ovate.     Shrubs,  evergreen  or  deciduous,  from 

North  America. 

Genus  I. 


m 


1^ 


ZrZYPHUS  Thttm.  The  Jujube.  Lm.  Stftt.  Pent&ndria  Di-Trig/nia. 

Hnrtjftwrtw.    Toum.  Init.,  t.  4Qa :   Gaert.  Fmct.,  1.  p.  4S }  Lam.  m.,  fc.  185.  i  Dec.  Prod.,  S. 

p.  IM, ;  BroD^.  Mini.  Rhan.,  p.  47. 
ft— yiCT.    Jmobler,  Fr. ;  Judendorn,  Gtr,i  Gingglolo,  Ital, 
Dtri&atum,    From  tudowtf,  the  Arabic  name  of  the  lotus. 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  spreading,  d-cleH;.  Petals  5,  obovate,  unguiculate,  convolute. 
Stamens  5,  exseited.  Anthers  ovate,  2>celled.  IHth  flat,  pentagonal,  ex- 
panded, adhering  to  the  tube  of  the  calyx.  Ovary  2 — 3-celled,  immersed 
in  the  disk.  Styles  2 — 3.  FruU  fleshy,  contdning  a  1 — 2-celled  nut. 
(Don's  MIL,  2.  p.  23.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  3-nerved.     Flowers  axil- 
laiy.  —  Only  one  hardy  species.    A  low  tree  or  shrub  from  Syria. 

2  1.  Z.  vuLGA^Ris  Lam,    The  common,  or  cultivated^  Jujube. 

irimf0lMfJb».    Lam.  ID..  IBS.  f.  1. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  3.  p.  19. ;  Don's  Mill.,  %  p.  S8. 

4Mnwi.    Abimnus  Zfsyphus  Lrm.  Spec,  882.,  Pall.  FL  Ro$t.  2.  t.  80. :  Z.  saUva  lyetf.  Art.  8. 

p.  173.,  N.  Du  Ham,  1. 16.,  but  not  of  Gaert. ;  2.  JiifvAd  Bfill.  Dkt.  No.  1.,  but  not  of  Lam. ; 

JitfiiMer  cultiW,  Fr. ;  Bnistbeeren,  Ger.x  Giuggiolo,  Ital. 

Lam.  lU.,  1S5.  £  1. ;  N.  Da  Bam.,  S.  1. 16. ;  and  oita  Jig.  240. 


Spec.  Ckar,,  ^c  Branchlets  glabrous.  Leaves  ovate,  retuse,  denticulate, 
glabrona ;  or,  beneath,  pubescent  along  the  nerves.  Prickles  not  any,  or 
twin,  one  of  them  recurved.  Drupe  ovate-oblong.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  deci- 
duous tree.  The  South  of  Europe  and  Syria.  Heieht  in  the  South  of 
Europe  20  ft.  to  30  ft. ;  and  in  England  5  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1640. 
Flowers  greenish  yellow;  August  and  September.  Fruit  blood-red  or 
saffioD ;  rarely  seen  in  England. 

Stem  thick,  cylindrical,  somewhat  twisted.  The  bark  is  brown,  and  rather 
dapped.  The  branches  are  numerous,  pliant,  armed  with  prickles,  zigzag  in 
their  direction ;  the  prickles  at  the  joints  being  two  of  unequal  size,  of  which 
one  is  almost  strught,  and  the  other  shorter  and  quite  straight.  The  leaves 
sre  alternate  and  oval-oblong,  somewhat  hard  and  coriaceous.  The  flowers 
are  small,  axillary,  of  a  p^e  ydlow  colour,  with  short  peduncles.    The  friut 

M  4 


168  ARBOnETUM    ET   MIUTICETUM    BRITAN«ICUM. 


il  oral-obtoDK,  resemblinE  that  of  the  olive  i  at 
fint  green,  afterwards  jellow,  and  endrel}'  red 
when  ripe.  The  Juice  of  the  fruit  ii  ua«I  for 
makiog  the  jujube  lozengea.  The  plant  is 
tolerably  hardy  ;  having  itood  the  winter  Pi' 
1637-6  in  the  Hon.  Soc.  Garden.  It  is  easily 
increased  by  cuttings  of  the  roots,  whether  of 
young  or  old  tret^s;  or  by  suckers,  which  it 
throws  up  in  the  greatest  abundante.  Seeds 
of  it  may  alto  be  procured  from  Italy. 

OlAer^eario/Zimphui.  —  Z.  tttieatii  Lam. 
Km  been  cultivated  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden 
but  it  is  only  half-hardy ;  and  the  same  may 
be  said  of  Z.  roina  ChriiA,  Z.  ^cruosa,  and 
Z.  iaciTva,  which  are  marked  in  some  cata- 
logues M  baidy. 

Genus  II. 


PALIlTBUSIi.  Thg  Paliubus,  or  CsJt/sr'<  TfiOiW.  La.Sya.  Pentindrk 

Trig^nia. 
UnMlathim.    Toora.  but.,  ■.««.;  D.  Don  Fred.  FI.Htp,p.  1R9.|  t)«!.Fnid..l.p.  IL  <  Doa-i 

Uin..&p.33.i  Bmun.  Htm.  Ithuii.,|].4fi. 
%iiii>Hmir(.    Pilliin.  PortaHjbDpeau,  Fr.i  Judendorn,  Oct.;  Pdluro,  Ilal. 
Srriralton.    From  palB.  (a  noTe,  and  otmm,  uiine  I  In  ■llution  to  lu  dlunUc  i(iuUt>«  i  m  ban 

F4Uurui,  tbe  una  oT  i  unn  In  Afrlizi,  doit  uIIhI  HimU. 
Gen,  Char,     Calyx  spreading,  &.cleft.     Pelali  5,  obovate,  convolute.     Slameiu 

A,  protruding,  Jnf^i  ovate,  S- celled.  i>ui  flat,  pentagonal.  Omrv  3-cdled. 

StyUi  3.  Fnat  dry,  indchiscent,  expanding  into  a  membrane  rouiid  the  disk, 

containing  a  3-ceIlcd  nuL  (^Dor/i  Mill.') 

Lravei  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous;  nerved  with  spines  in  the 

axils.     Flou/eri  axillary,  greenish  yellow. 

Two  species  are  hardy,  and  very  ornamental  from  their  shining  leaves,  and 
abundance  of  rich  greenish  yellow  flowers,  which  are  succeeded  by  fruit  of 
rather  a  aingulw  form.  Propagated  by  seeds,  which  they  produce  in  BngUud, 
in  abundance. 

T  •  1,  P.  acvlka'tl's  Lam.     The  prickly  Paliurus,  or  ChruCi  Thara. 

Sriwnfma.  P.i>((muZ>iu>>.  Ceiiiit.  e.n.  166.^  ^.auilrttli  (Jzrl.  Fniel.  I.  t.<s.  F.s. ;  Cnlairli 
D.  Dot  Prod.  Ft.  1^171.  1S9.1  Ahtmcui  j'allllrui  I.Ai.  Spec.  Ml.;  Zlij^ul  />allilrai  WiOd. 
Spn.  I.  p.  IIM,,  Siiiu  Bol.  Mag.  u  IKO. :  Cbrtil'i  Thorn,  ot  lUm  ot  Libit.  Gttari :  B'plnr  de 
Clirlil.  Ar^QD.  Forts-cbipuu.  I\. ;  gFfldeeller  JudniilDm.  Oer. ;  Clunolo  tiliulm.  lui. ;  XUa, 

Snrrinimfi.  Imh.  Ill-,  t.  310.  i  >.  Du  Hun.,  3. 1.  IT. ;  Bol.  Uu.,  1. 1893.  i  tha  pUti^  of  this 
•IHcleiru<li''i*JoungiLailiiDolditue.  In  Atti.  Brtl.,IKgdll.,Tol.T.;  iiidour  A.  Ml. 

^)ec.  Char,,  ^c,  Branchlets  pubescent.  Leaves  ovate,  serrulated,  quite 
smooth,  Srfierved,  with  two  spbes  at  the  base,  oae  straight,  the  other  re- 
curved. Flowers  in  axillaiy  crowded  umbellulea  ;  few  in  an  umbellule. 
Wing  of  capsule  crenated.  {Don't  Jifiil.)  A  branching  deciduous  shrub,  or 
low  tree.  South  of  Europe,  and  North  and  West  of  Asia.  Height  15ft.  to 
30  ft.  Introduced  in  1696.  Flowers  greenish  yellow;  June  and  July, 
Fruit  yellow;  ripe  in  September. 
The  fruit  is  buckler-shaped,  flat  and  thin,  but  coriaceous.    From  the  sii>- 

gular  appearance  of  this  fruit,  which  bas  the  footstalk  attached  to  the  middle, 

which  u  raised   ike  the  crown  of  a  hat;  and  the  flattened  disk,  which  ro- 


XXU.    RHAMVtCEJE:    BERCHfW^. 


•o^ilei  its  brim ;  the  French  have  ^ven  this  ti 

On  both  shores  of  the  Mediterranean,  it  growt 

the  common  hawthorn,  on  rocky  sterile  places.     In  many  parts  of  Italy  the 

bedgcs  are  formed  of  thu  plant,  ea  they  are  of  the  hawthorn  in  Britain  ;  it  is 

also  the  commoa  hedge  plant  in  Asia.     Aoy  common  soil ;  aeede,  or  cuttings 

of  the  root 

•  8.  P.  (i.)  viroaVdb  D.  Don.   The  twiggy  Chrisfs  Thorn, 


Spec.  Out.,  Sic.  Branches  smooth.  Leaves  obliquely  cor- 
(ktc.  or  eDiptinJ,  3-nerved,  shining ;  wing  of  fruit  entire. 
{G.  Brm.)  A  dedduoua.  shrub.  Nepaf,  on  mount^na. 
Height  JOft.  to  15  ft.  Introduced  id  1619.  Flowers 
greenish  yellow,  in  Bxillary  corymbs;  July  and  August. 
Fruit  yellow ;  ripe  in  September. 
Hie  only  tree  which  we  have  seen  of  this  species  is  in 
■he  Chdaea  Botanic  Garden,  where  in  general  aspect  it  +' 
bean  a  close  resemblance  to  P.  aculeitua,  of  which  it  i'  ~-~ 
•Gty  only  a  variety. 

Gemos  III. 


ra 


BERCHE'M/^  Neck.    Tbb  Bbrobsmu.     lAn.  Syit.  Pent&ndria 
Honog^nia. 

Unttaimttm.    VtA.  ElaB.,9.  p.  IB.;  Dec  Frod.S.  p  u.i  Braii(n.  Ufan.  RhHii..tg.  i  Don'( 

hmnjunf'  CXndiAlb  BKu.  F.  On.  I. p.  191.,  ud  SDMI.  Sfl.  S.  p.  «S1. 
AifcittM-    Fras  BertAewit  ^nbMj  tb«  luma  of  lonifl  boUntit 

Cn.  C10-.     Cafyx  with  a  hemispherical  tube,  and  5  erect  s^ments.     PetaU 
i,  eoanAut/e.    Stometu  included  within  the  petab.    Anthert  ovate,  KiCelled. 


170  ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANMICUH. 

DM  aDDular,  rather  Bat.     Ovary  half-immerted  in  the  disk,  8-celled.    %J« 
abort,  bilid  ttt  the  apex.     Fhat  dry,  indehiscent,  S-celled.  (Don'i  MiU.) 

Leacet  simple,  alternBte,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  nerved.  Floaxrt  terminal, 
dkecious  by  defect ;  BmaJl,  greenish  yellow.  —  A  twining  deciduous  shrub ; 
B  native  of  Carolina ;  of  easy  culture  in  any  common  soil,  and  prop^ated 
by  seeds,  or  cuEtinga  of  the  root. 

J  1.  B.  voLU^BiLis  Dec.     The  twining  Berchemia. 

Smomtmrt.    Rhimntu  Toiiiwli'i  LM.  jU.  Sitpti.  V»..  Joti-  lam.  Bar.  t.  »S.  i  Tlmhoi  nllmaia 
IFiUil.  JHC.  1 .  p.  1 101.  i  C£l>Apll>TiJllbllli  SoinK.  £»!'.  s.  p.aai.j  auppLc  Jick.  rit(M/ii>. 

XiwrnMc-    ■'««l- 1™!-  B"-  •-  MS-  i  our  ft-  ""■  I"  H»"".  "^  Jk-  ^*-  m  t™".  f""  """■ 

j^iec.  Ciior.,  j'c.  Branches  glabrous,  rather  twining.  Leaves  oval,  mucronate, 
somewhat  waved.  Flowers  dicedoua.  Drupes  oblong.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A 
deciduous  twining  ahrub.  Carolina  and  Virginia,  in  deep  awamps.  Height, 
in  America,  SO  ft.  to  50  ft  j  in  British  gardens,  H  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in 
1714.  Flowers  greenish  yellow;  June  and  July.  Fruit  violet-coloured; 
ripe  iu  October. 
According  to  Pursh,  ibis  species,  in  Virginia,  ascends  the  highest  trees,  and 

it  known  by  the  name  of  Supple  Jack.     The  stems  twine  round  que  another. 


or  any  object  which  they  may  be  near.  In  British  gardens,  they  are  aeldom 
seen  above 8  or  10  feet  high;  probably  from  Uttle  attention  being  paid  to 
place  the  plant  in  a  deep  sandy  or  peaty  soil,  and  to  supply  it  with  abuodaoce 
of  moisture  iu  the  growing  season.     In  fine  wasoDi  it  ripen*  fruit 


!ii]  [&]□□□ 


XHA'MNUS   Lam.      The   Bdcetiiobn.      Lm.  Si/il.  Peut&ndria  Hodo- 

gjnia. 
I.  LHii.DM.,4.p. Ml.;  Lam.  IU..t, ll&i  Oiirt.  Fruct.,  Lp. lOt.;  Ofc.  Prad.,  l.p. a.; 

*     "       39. ;  Bninn.  Htm.  Rhvn..  p,  M. 

1ID,  Fr.  i  Wtgdotu.  Gh.  1  Runno,  lUI.;  Ihi  Bun,  or  H*R'l,T)uinH,  Otrmr^t 


Gen.  Char.  Calyx  urceolate,  4 — S^cleft.  Stametu  bearing  ovate  Swelled  ao- 
then.  Diti  thin,  covering  the  tube  of  the  calyx.  Chart/  free,  3 — 4-celled. 
Stula  3 — 4,  connected  or  ftee.  Frtal  baccate,  containing  3 — 4  indehiacent 
nuti.  (Don't  MiU.) 

Lttttet  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous,  sub-cvergreea,  or  ever- 


zzii.  rhausacsm:  jniAHMUs. 


171 


green ;  feather-nerved  ;  the  tttpulGs  nerer  converted  into  prickles.    Floieert 

axSiarj,  aggregMe,  often   unisexual.     FtvI   not  eatable,  generally  black, 

rarely  red  or  yellow. 

Deciduous  or  erer^een  abnibs,  with  the  lips  of  their  branches  often  be* 
comiDg  spines.  One  or  two  species  have  the  habit  of  low  trees,  and  soine  of 
them  are  sub-procumbent  or  procumbent ;  all  of  them,  except  the  latter,  beinj; 


in  all  the  species  are  ineonspicuoua ;  but  R.  .ilaiernus  uid  its  varieties  are 
most  VBluablc  eve^een  shrubs,  and  several  of  the  other  species  ore  orna- 
mental, both  from  their  foliage  and  their  fruit  ;  the  latter  of  which  is  also 
ii3eful  in  dyeing.  All  the  species  are  easily  propagated  by  seeds  or  hijers,  and 
most  of  them  by  cuttii^s  ;  and  they  will  all  grow  in  anv  soil  that  is  dry.  They 
aU  vary  much  in  magnitude  by  culture,  in  common  with  most  plants  which,  in 
B  wild  state,  grow  in  arid  soils. 

j  i.   MarcoreUa  Neck. 


Sect.  Char.  FlowerH  usunlly  diixcious,  and  5-cleft.  Fruit  a  herry,  with  3 
seeds,  or.  Iron)  abortion,  2  seeds.  Seeds  deeply  fiirro wed,  with  the  raphe 
in  the  bottom  of  the  liirrow.  Leaves  usually  permanent;  coriaceous,  and 
^abrous.  (Dec.  Prod.,  ii.  p.  £3.) 


A.  Alats'snus  Toum.    Fhi 
'«  I.  R.  ^late'rni^s  L.    The  Alatemus. 

da.  Bptc.,  Hl.i   Dec.  Fred..  1.  p-O.; 


■,  5-clefl,     Evergreen  Simbi. 


s  rotundifblioi  of  l>u- 


^i^nni.  AiMtSmas Phmtna  Mia.  Did.  Ho.  I.:  All.ttnn,IUI. 
AtiW«m.    Ftoih  oJ/rmu.a  gntrtc  naniF  iilapt«l  from  DIh- 

3S«irJV-Mi'       °"' tin.,      p.        t.       I 

^pec.  Char.,  Ifc.  Leaves  ovate-elliptical,  or  lance- 
olate, coriaceous,  quite  smooth,  serrated.  Flowers 
diceuous,  tSsposed  in  short  racemes.  {DorCi  MUl.) 
An  evergreen  shrub.  South  of  Europe  and 
North  of  Africa.  Height  10  ft.  to  20  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1629.  Flowersgreen,  without  any  corolla; 
April  to  June.     Berry  bhick ;  ripe  in  October. 

■  R.  A.  2  balearica   Hort.   Par.      The  flhfimi 

—  Leaves  roundish.  We  take  this  as  the  first  variety,: 

the  species  to   be  what  is  called  R. 

J.  latifolia,  which  is  the  commonest 

variety  in  British  nuraeriei. 

»  R.  A.  3  Aupdniai  Hint.  Par.  (Our  Jig. 

246.)  —  Leaves  ovate,  a  tittle  toothed. 

■  R.  A.  4  angtaHfiSa.     R.  Clitsii  Willd. 

(Mill.  Icon.,  t,  16.  Bg.  !. ;    and  our 

Jig.  947.])     Leaves  long  and  narrow. — 

This  variety  is  so  dialinct,  that  it  is  by 

many  authors  considered  as  a  species. 

It   is    of  temarhably    rapid  erowth. 

There  are  two  subvarieliea  of  it,  the 

gold-striped,   and   the    silver-striped ; 

both  of  remarkably  free  growth. 

•  R.  A.  5./S£uBaciJaJii.— Leaves  blotched  with  yelh 

^  ■  R,  A.  ifiim  aireU. — Leaves  edged  with  yellow. 


172 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


'  ii  R.  A.  7  folm  argenteis, — This  variety,  nvhich  is  very  conspicuous  from 
the  large  proportion  of  the  leaves  which  is  white,  is  more  tender  than 
some  of  the  others.  It  generally  does  best  against  a  wall,  and  is  well 
worth  a  place  there,  on  account  of  its  splendid  appearance,  especially 
in  winter. 

In  Bridsh  gardens,  this  shrub  is  particularly  valuable  for  the  rapidity  of  its 
growth  in  almost  any  soil  and  situation,  more  especially  the  narrow-leaved 
variety.  It  is  less  injured  by  the  smoke  of  coal  than  most  other  evergreens. 
The  species,  and  all  the  varieties,  are  readily  pro- 
pagated by  cuttings,  which  are  taken  off  in  autumn, 
and  planted  in  sandv  soil,  in  a  shady  border,  and 
covered  with  a  hand-glass.  As  the  roots  are  not 
very  productive  of  fibres,  when  large  plants  are 
chosen,  they  should  be  such  as  have  been  reared  in 
pots,  in  order  that  they  may  receive  no  check  from 
removal. 

Am  2,  R.  HY^BRiDUS  L'Herii,  The  hybrid  Alaternus. 

Identtfleation,    L'Hgrit  Sert.,  t.  fi. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  S.  p.  29. ;  Don*i 

Mill.,  a.  p.  33. 
SffnoHffme*    R.  burgundlaciu  Hort,  Par, ;  JZ.  ■emperTlreni  Hor- 

iulan, 
Sngravhigs.    L'Herlt.  Sert.,  t.  5. ;  and  oar  Jig.  M8. 

t^c.  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  oblong,  acuminated,  ser- 
rated, smooth,  shining,  hardly  permanent,  rather 
coriaceous.  Flowers  androgynous.  {DorCs  Mill,) 
A  garden  hybrid,  a  sub-evergreen  shrub,  raised 
from  R,  alpinus,  fecundated  by  R,  illat^rnus,  and 
forming  a  very  distinct  and  desirable  kind,  which, 
in  British  gardens,  grows  to  the  height  of  10  or 
12  feet.  The  flowers  are  green,  and  appear  in  May 

or  June.  us,    Khkmvm  bfbM 

B.  Rha'mnus  Dec.    FJowert  4-<?fc/?,  in  Fascides, 
a.  Bremchleti  terminating  in  a  Thorn, 
t  m  3.  R,  CATHA^RTicus  L.    The  purging  Buckthorn. 

Idtniifleation.    Lin.  Spec,  280.  i   Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  24.   Don's 

Mill..  2.  p.  30. 
^monifme.    The  White  Thorn  of  the  modem  Greeks. 
Engravingt,    Bng.  Bot,  t.  1G29. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  2.  t.  10. ;   the 

plate  ortbls  spedea  in  Arb.  Bnt.,  lit  edit.,  toI.  t.  ;  and  our 

Jlg,U9. 

Spec,  Char,y  ^c.  Erect.  Leaves  ovate,  toothed. 
Flowers  in  fascicles,  polygamo-dicecious.  Berries 
^-seeded,  rather  globose.  {DotCt  Mill,)  A  deci- 
duous shrub  or  low  tree.  Europe  and  Britain, 
in  woods  and  thickets,  on  calcareous  loamy  soil. 
Height  10  ft.  to  12ffc.:  in  cultivation,  12  fb.  to 
15  fL  Flowers  yellowish  green,  with  veiy  narrow 
petals ;  May.  Berry  black  ;  ripe  in  September, 
becayinff  leaves  yellowish  green.  Naked  young 
wood  whitish. 

The  flowers  are,  for  the  most  part,  hermaphro- 
dite, and  in  a  wild  state  abundant  and  clustered ; 
but  in  a  state  of  cultivation  they  are  fewer,  and 
nearly  solitary.  The  juice  of  the  unripe  berries 
is  of  the  colour  of  safiron,  and  it  is  used  for  staining 
maps  or  paper  :  they  are  sold  under  the  name  of 
French  benies.   The  juice  of  the  ripe  berries,  mixed  with  alum,  forms  the  sap 


149.   Jlli4inniHcaA4itieit». 


XXII   hhamnaVeje:  jkhamnus. 


173 


green  of  painters ;  but,  if  the  berries  be  gathered  late  in  the  autumn,  the  juice 
tt  purple.    Phiiits  of  this  species  attain  the  height  of  9  ft.  in  10  years. 

m  4.  R.  TiNCTo^Rius  WaldsL    The  Dyer's  Buckthorn. 

JMMMttM.    Wddrt.  et  Kit.  PI.  Bar.  Hoag..  3.  p.  8». ;  Dec  Prod.,  9.  p.  M.  t  Don'i  MIU.,  I. 

p.  31.  o,^ 

fciMiytf.    M.  canllocrtnniu  WiUd.  Ber^ 
Siignnfmg9.    Hajrna  AmOiI.,  t.  97.  and  am  Jig,  VSO^ 


too.   JthAaanns  tlBctMtM. 


Spec,  Ckar^  4^.  Erect.  Leaves  oyate,  crenate-ser- 
r&ted.  Petioles  villous.  Flowers  crowded,  dioecious. 
Berries  obcordate,a-^4-8eedecL  (Don't  MtU,)  A  de- 
ciduous shrub.  Hungary,  in  hedges.  Height  8  ft. 
Introduced  in  18S0.  Flowers  greenish  yellow  ;  May 
and  June.    Berries  yellow  ;  ripe  in  September. 

A  plant  of  this  species,  in  the  garden  of  the  London 
Horticultural  Society,  was,  in  1834,  3  ft.  high,  after 
being  7  years  planted. 

Ji  5.  R,  iNFBCTO^Bius  L.    The  staining  Buckthorn,  or  Avignon  Berry. 

UemtiJkatkM,    Lin.  Mant.,  49. ;  Dee.  Prod..  9.  p.  94. ;  Don't  Mill..  9.  pi  SI. 
Sgmmgwtn.    Rtikmaa*  Lfdma  Seop.  Com.  ed.  9.  n.  9G0. :  dwarf,  or  yellow-berried,  Bncktbom ; 
Ncrpnm  dea  Teinturiers,  Oraine  d'ATlgnoo,  Nerprun  tetgnant,  A-. ;  farbendar  Wegdom,  Ger. 
Mmgnttrngg.    Ard.  Mem.,  78. 1. 14. ;  N.  Da  Ham.,  toI.t.  t.  ?&  ;  and  oar;%.  951. 

Spec,  Char,^  S^c.  Leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  serrulated,  smoothish.  Flowers 
dicecious,  bearing  petals  in  both  sexes.  (Don't  Mill.)  A  deciduous,  sub- 
procumbent  shrub.  South  of  Europe,  in  rocky  places :  common  about 
Avignon  and  the  Vaucluse.  Height  2  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  ld83.  Flowers  greenish  yellow ;  June  and 
July.    Berry  3-celled,  blade ;  ripe  m  September. 

The  root  fixes  itself  so  firmly  in  the  fissures  of  the 
rocks,  that  the  plant  can  scarcely  be  pulled  up.  The 
stem  divides  immediately  into  branches,  that  are  very 
much  subdivided,  and  form  a  very  close  head,  the 
shoots  having  numerous  spines,  both  terminating  and  /^fs 
lateral  The  berries  are  used  for  dyeing  leather  yel-  ^^'^ 
low  ;  and  the  Turkey  leather,  or  yellow  morocco,  is 
generally  supposed  to  be  coloured  by  them.  ***•  «h4innti.  lafcciirt* 

ji  6.  R.  SAXA^TiLis  L.    The  Stone  Buckthorn. 

UeuliflealHm.    Lin.  Sp.,  1671. ;  Dec.  Prod. ,  9l  p.  94. ;  Don't  Mill.,  9.  p.  Sl. 

R.  longifoUus  Mm.  Diet. ;  Stein  Wegdom,  Gtr.  \  I^rdo  Itallano,  /toi. 
Jacq.  Auatr.,  t.  43. ;  Hayoe  Abbild.,  t.  96. ;  Schmidt,  3.  t.  187. }  and  our  Jig.  9B9. 


Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Procumbent,  or  erectish. 
Leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  serrulated,  smooth- 
ish. Flowers  dicecious,  female  ones  destitute 
of  petals.  (Don't  Mill.^  A  procumbent  de-  ij 
dduous  shrub.  Soutn  of  Europe,  among  V 
rocks,  in  Austria,  Switzerland,  Italy,  and 
Greece.  Height  1  ft.  Introduced  in  1752. 
Flowers  greenish  yellow;  June  and  July. 
Berries  bkck,  containing  three  whitish  seeds, 
each  enclosed  in  a  dry  whitish  membrane, 
which  separates,  when  ripe,  into  two  parts 
with  elastic  force ;  ripe  in  September. 


951. 


«L  7.  R.  Bvxivo\ivs  Poir.    The  Box-leaved  Buckthorn. 

,   Polr.  DicL,  4.  p.  40^  Dec  Prod.,  9.  p  94. ;  Don's  Mill.,  Sl  p.  81. 
?JL  texUbUoi  Brot.  PL  Lm$.  1.  p.  301. ;  Ltdsua  AnxifbUum  Bamk. 
ravingt.    Da  Ram.,  3.  t  3.  No.  19.  ;  and  oar  Jig.  9&3. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^.    Diiluse.    Leaves  ovate,  quite  entire^  mucronate^  smooth. 


ET    FRUTICETUM 

coriaceous,  green  on  both  Bur- 
bcei.  (2Wj  AftU.)  A  sub- 
evergreeu  shrub.  Spun,  lial;, 
and  the  Levant,  on  hills. 
Height  8  ft.  to  4  ft  Introd. 
in  1880.     Flowers  greenish 

Jellow  i  June  and  Julj.  Berry 
black;  ripe?. 
A  very  neat  shrub,  of  which 
there  is  a  good  specimen  in  the 
Chelsea  Botauic  Oarden,  which 
is  quite  hardy. 

B.  8.  S.  LTCioi^Bs  Lm,    The 

Ljcium-like  Buckthorn. 
Iilnliflcolilm,     Un,  Spec,  1T9. ;  Dee. 

Spec.  Char.,  4-c-  Erect.  Leaves  linear,  quite  entu*. 
obtuse,  arnooth.  Flowers  hermaphrodite.  (Don't 
MiU.)  A  deciduous  shrub.  Spain,  on  the  lime- 
Ktune  bills  of  Valencia.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  In- 
troduced in  17^8.  Flowers  greemEfa  yeLow  ;  Hay 
and  June.     Fruit?. 

ja  9.  R.  Ebvthbo'!itlon   Pfdl.      The  red-wooded 
Buckthom- 

UtMfflaiUim.    Pill.  FL  Bou,  9. 1  D«c.  Prod..  S.  p.  ^  i  Dod'i  tu.  ■.  ijotiiUi. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sic  Erect.  Leaves  linear,  lanceolate,  quite  entire  or  aetrnted, 
smooth.  Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Berries  oblong.  (Don't  Mill.)  A  d^ 
ciduous  shrub.  Mongolia  vnd  Sibetia,  near  rivers.  Height  6  ft.  Intro 
duced  in  less.  Flowers  greenish  yellow ;  July  and  August.  Berries  Mack 
ripe  in  September. 

Varietg. 

*  "R.  E.2  angtutUtmum  Dec.  Prod. 
8.  p.  85,  R.  /vcioidea  PaU.  FL 
Roti.   t.  63.,  and  our  ^g.  856., 
has  the  leaves  narrow,  smaller, 
and  very  finely  serrulated.     Na- 
tive of  Caucasus. 
Delights  in  a  n 
in  cohi  and  humid  ptao 
serves,  it  is  never  met  with.    The 
wood,  on  account  of  its  hardness  and 
red  colour,  is  used  by  the  Mongols 
for  making  their  images;  and  the  ber- 
ries, when  macerated  in  water,  afibrd 
_   _  _  _  them   a  deep  yellow   colour.      The 

Ml.  «.  Brnhrfiii..  plants  ;„  j^  ^^|[j  gj^g^  j^  ^  prickly  "*  *•"■" 

bush  ;  but,  when  cultivated,  the  spines  no  longer  appear. 

b.  Bnmdtlett  not  lenmated  by  Spmet. 
«   10.  A  iUHn'Bicos  Pall.     The  Dahorian  Buckthorn. 


XXII.   SHAMNACBiC:   rua'hnuh.  175 

^wr.   Cknr,,  4^.      ErccL      Lcstcs  oblong- 
orate,  leir^ed,  smooth,  ftmy,    Flowen 

ilicecioiu,  female  ones  with  bifid  atigniBi. 

(Daiit  Mil.)     A  deciduous  ehrub.     D*- 

buna,  near  ine  river  Ai;guiiiui.  Height  5  ft. 

Introd.  in  1817.   Flowert  greenish  yellow; 

IAbj  and  June.    Berry  black ;  ripe  Sept 

The   genera)  wwarance  of  the  plant  ia 
tbat    of  R.  cathinicui,  but    it  ii  without 
thoros.  The  wood  ii  red,  and  is  called  sandal 
wood  bj  the  Rusaiaiu. 
M»  U.S.  akifo'liub  VHerit.  The  Alder 

leaved  Buckthorn. 
l^wMcmUim.    L'Hfi<t.Sat.,t.  t-i  Dk.  FroiI.,l.p,  u.; 

ddd-i  hoi.,  1.  p.  n. 

Jhli mtimf.    BMfB»AtMM.,t.ei.:  iBioarJIg.ast.  ui.   uiBSKWium. 

Spec.  Outr^  ^c.     Erect.     Leaves  obovate  or  ovate,  BeirulaCed,  obliquely  line- 
ated  with  lateral  nerres,  acuminated  or  obtuse,  smoothioh  beneath,  except 
the  nerves.     Flowers  bennnplirodite  or  <Ui£cious.     Pedicels  l-flowered,  a^ 
grceate.    Calyxes  acute.     Fruit  turbinate.  (Don't  Milt.) 
A  dieciduout  ahrub.     Hudson's  Bay  to  Pennsylvania,  in 
iphagnouE  swamps.     Height 
S.ft.  to  i  ft  in  America ;  6  ft, 
to  S  ft.  in  England.     Introd. 
io  I77S.      F&wen  ereenish 
yellow  ;     June     and    July. 
Berry  black,  fleshy,  3-seeded  \ 
ripe  in  September. 
Varvty. 

«.  «  R.  o 


«  R.  o.  2  fianga^idei 

Dec.  A.  fnmguloides  K 

JI&Ax.(N.DuHani.3. 

Leaves  oval,  iterrated, 
pubescent  on  the  nerves  beneath.    Canada  t6  Virg  nia.   latrod.  1810. 
«  18.  R.  iLPi'NtJs  Lin.     The  Alpine  Buckthorn. 

,_*«.    Ud.  9{w:.,lia.i  Doa-iHlU..  l.p,n. 

Si^rarimgi.    N.  Du  Uua,S.I.  13.  ;  BM.  C>b.,  t.  1DT7.;  Scbmldt.  1. 1.  1IT.:  ttwplMlaot  Uu  (n*  >B 
Xrt>   BrU..  lmatt,Ti>LT.|»BiloM 


Spec,  diar^  tfc.     Erect,  twi*;ful.     Leaves  oval  lanceolate,  creiiaf'aeJWted, 
■nwoth,  fineated  with  many  paralld  nwei.    Flowera  dioecious.  fhimle«Ka 


176  ARBORETUM    ET   FRDTICETUM   BRITANSICUM. 

irith  4^Ieft  at\gmae.(Hen'tiial.) 
A  deciduous  ihrub.  Alps  of 
Switzerland,  Dauphin^,  and 
CarniolB.  Height  5ft,  to  10ft. 
Introd.  1752.  Flowers  greenish! 
May  and  June.  Berries  black ; 
ripe  in  Septemticr. 

m  R.a.  2 grandifolha{J!g.26S,) 

has   much   larger   leaves 

than  the  species.  It  forms, 

when  well  grown,  a  very 

striking    and     handsome 

object,  from  the  large  size 

of  its  leaves  and  buds. 
This  is  a  very  distinct  species, 
and  remarkable  for  its  tw-isted 
leaves.  There  are  strong  plants  of 
both  the  species  and  the  variety  in 
the  arboretum  of  Messrs.  Loddiges, 
and  of  the  variety  in  the  sarden  of 
the  Hort.  Soc.,  which,  in  10  years, 
have  attained  the  height  of  8  ft., 
with  numerous  suberect  branches, 
clothed  with  a  purplish  barb. 

-•    13.    «.  pulIlL 


'iltgt.  8cop.  CKni..l.t.  S.  i  Schmidt  Arb..S.t.  LU.^  mndoarJtg^K^ 

Spec.  Char.,  S[c.  Plant  procumbent,  much  branched. 
Leaves  ovate,  serrated,  smooth.  Flowers  hermaphro- 
dite. (ZJon'f  Mill.)  A  deciduous  procumbent  shrub. 
Moun'.  Baldo  in  the  Alps,  and  Carniola,  in  the  fia- 
suresofroclu.  Height  2  ft.  Introd.  1752.  Theflowers 
greenish  yellow  within  and  red  without,  the  stamens 
white ;  June  and  July.  Berries  black  ;  ripe  in  Sept. 
The  plant  bearing  this  name  in  the  London  gardins  we 

have  never  seen  in  such  a  thriving  slate  as  to  enable  us  to 

decide  whether  or  not  it  is  truly  distinct. 

J  ii.     Fr&wpila  Toui 

Ism.,  t.3S3.;  D«.  rrod.,  I. 


lOfMeaUim.    Tonrn. 
pTx.;  non'iHIIl-.ll. 

Stet,  Char.  Flowers  hermaphrodite,  rarely 
di(Ecious,5-c1eft,  sometimes  4H:left.  Seeds 
smooth,  compressed,  with  the  hilum  white 
and  exserted,  and  with  the  raphe  lateral, 
on  the  surfece  of  the  inner  testa.  Embryo 
flat.  Leaves  membranous,  caducous, 
quite  entire,  lined  with  approximate  pa- 
rallel nervea.  (Doi^i  AGU.) 

1m  H  S.  cABOLiniA'Kus  Wait.    The  Ca. 
rolina  Buckthorn. 

MniitlniHiK    WilL  Or.  p.  101. ;  Dec  YraS.i.  p.  n.  I 


XXII.    AHAHMA^CEf:    AHa'HNUS.  177 

Spie.Ciar.,  ^.  Erect.  Leares  oral-obJong,  almoit  entire,  Emooth.  Umbela 
itditd.  Flovera  hennapbrodite.  Berries  globose.  (Don't  Mill.)  A 
(leckluoiu  shrub  or  tree.  North  Carolina  to  Florida,  on  the  bsnki  of 
tinra.  Heuht  6  ft.  to  6  ft.,  aometimes  a  tree  30  ft.  to  40  ft.  Introduced 
in  1819.  Flowers  greenufa  ;  May  and  June.  Berries  black  j  ripe  in 
September. 
In  America  this  apecies,  though  usually  a  shrub  in  North  Carolina,  is  in 

Genrgit  a  considerable  tree.  Leares  3  in.  to  6  in.  long,  and  1  in.  to  2  in.  wide ; 

Mowtimes  acuminute,  irregularly  serrated  ;  sometimes  tbe  margin  is  wared. 

Fruit  as  Ui^  a«  a  uniaU  poi,  mostly  3-»eeded.  (TV.  and  Gray.) 

*  t  IS.  JI.  FRi'NorLA  L.  The  breaking  Buckthorn,  or  Berry-bcarmg  Alder. 


t.lM;  (Ed.FI,  Du..  t.  tTB.;  tlia  pliu  of  ths  ipeclf*  Id  AtIi.  Brtt.   lit 
((.  9U. 

Spec.  Char.,  j-cr.  Leaves  otsI.  quite  entire,  lineated  with  10  or  12  lateral 
Denes,  and,  as  well  aa  tbe  culyx,  smooth.  Flowers  hermaphrodite.  {Dor'' 
Mitt.)  A  deciduous  abrub,  or  low  tree.  Europe  and  part  of  Siberia,  in 
roods  and  thickets  ^  not  uni'oaimon  in  England,  but  rare  in  Scotland. 
Hdght  3  ft.  to  6  ft.,  wild  1  8  ft.  to  10  ft.  in  British  gardens.  Flowers  whitish, 
with  puq^le  anthers ;  May.  Berries  dark  purple ;  ripe  in  September.  De- 
caying loiTea  reddish  green.     Naked  young  wood  dark 

*  1  R.  F.  3  atlguilijolia  Hort.  has  oarrower  leaves. 

Tbe  plant  of  thia  species  in  the  Horticultural 

Society's  Garden  ia  very  distinct ;  and,  in  1835, 

was  6  ft.  high,  after  being  10  years  planted. 
Branches  numerous,  alternate,  leafy,  round,  smooth, 
and  blackish.  From  a  quurter  to  half  an  ounce  of  tbe 
inner  bark,  boiled  in  small  beer,  is  a  sharp  purge.  The 
bark  dtes  yellow,  and,  with  a  preparation  of  iron,  black. 
The  flowers  are  particularly  gratefiil  to  bees.  The 
ibarcoal  prepared  from  the  wood  is  preferred  by  the 
msken  of  gunpowder  to  any  other.  ^  ii.m„i^' 

•  *   16.  fl.  LATiKo'Lius  i'Hm*.     The  broad-leaved  Buckthorn. 

Um^kthnm.   L'HtrilS»rt,S.t.8.;Dec.Prod..i.p.M.i  Don't  Mill, 

EirsrM.    fHjrii.  Sf-n.,  \  i.  S,  j  Denil.  nrit..  t  i  L.  j  Wliul.  Ab. 
Hid.,  t.  loa ;  Ihe  ptiu  of  Ihit  im  Id  AtU.  BrII.,  IK  nlil- lot.  T. ;  iDd 

Spec.  dor.,  4'c.      Leaves  elliptical,   acuminate,  quite 

enttre.lineated  with  1 2  or  15  lateral  nerves;  younger 

leavei  and  calvxea  villoua.     Flowers  herm aphrodite. 

(Don'.  Miil.j    A  deciduous  shrub,   with  tlie  habit 

of  a  low  tree.     Aiores,  on  the  mountains  of  St, 

Michael.   Height  10  ft.  to  15  ft.    Introduced  in  1778. 

Flowers  greenish ;  July.     Berries  Uaek  or  red,  both  » 

colours  spearing  on  the  sanie  plant  at  once ;  ripe  in  * 

September. 

The  leaves  are  larger  than  those  of  any  other  species.  ,  'I 

except  R.   alplnus  grandilolius ;   and  the  whole  plant       if     "  /f^      ^  I 
is  remarkable  for  its  robust  appearance,  and  tbe  con-      I  V^       ''-> 

^wuous  opposte  nerves  which  proceed  from  the  middle  '' 

rf  the  leaves.     It  deserves  a  place  in  vrery  collection.        »e.  auunn  Mmw. 


ET    FROTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

Olhet  Speciei  of  lUdmnui.  —  There  are  various  kinds  described  by  ant1ior»i. 
Beveral  or  which  are  said  to  have  been  introduced,  hut  they  are  either  lott  or 
lynoDjmous  with  kinds  already  described.  Amonff  those  which  remain  lo  be 
introduced  are  some  which  promise  to  he  useful  additions  lo  this  genus  ;  sucb 

*  R.  fwrmci/o/iiu  Bert.  (Moris.  Stirp.  Sard.  fig.  2.)  —  An  erect  shrub,  with 
lanceolate,  minutely  crenuted  leaves,  pubescent  on  the  under  hide,  and  on  long 
petioles.   Calyx  free.     Sardinia.     Height  10  ft.  to  ISO.     March  and  April. 

MYLamt/gdaimut  Desf.  All.  1.  p.  198.  — A  native  of  the  North  of  Africa,^  in 
the  fissures  of  rocks,  where  it  grows  to  the  height  of  3  ft.,  and  produces  berries 
used  for  dyeing  yellow,  like  chose  of  R.  saxatiha. 

«  R.  pruni/oAui  Smith  Prod,  Fl.  Graec  I.  p.  157. —  A  native  of  Crete,  on 
thehiehest  raounlidns.and  probablyonlyavariety  of  one  of  the  preceding  lorts. 

*  it,  5l6(Aoryiilnu8  Schait.  Syit.  6.  p.2B6. ;  R.  pubisceiis  5i6(A.  Fl.  Gnec. 
t-  S39.  —  A  native  of  Mount  PamassuB,  and  nearly  allied  to  R.  alpinus  and  H. 
Fringula. 

*  R.  PuriAi&nus  Dec.  Prod.  2.   p.  25.     R.  aInifoUus  of  Pursh,  but  not  or 

L'Heritier.  (Hook.  Flor. 

Bor.  Ain.l.p.  1-23.  UM., 
1    and   our  fig.  267.)— A 

shrub  growing  to  the 
\  h«ght  of  6  ft.,  native  of 
3\  Korth  America,  on  the 
^  banksof  the  Koorkoosky. 
■  ■  R.  o/eijoliut  Hook. 
►    Fl.  Bor.  Am.  I.  p.l83.  t. 

44.,  Tor.  &  Gray,  1.  p. 

900.,  and  //(.  268.  from 

Hooker,  is  an  evergreen 

,     shrub,    with    coriaceous 

^  ^  leaves,  unarmed  shoots, 

.     and  the  flowers  small,  in 

^  axillarycrowdcdpanicles. 

west  coast  of  California, 
where  it  forms  a  handsome  shrub  from  6ft.  to  IS  ft,  high. 

A  R.  taubelldiiii  Cnv.  Icon.  6.  p.  2.  t.  504.  —  A  shrub,  growing  6  ft.  high  in 
Mexico  ;  was  raised  in  IB39  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  from  seeds  sent  home 
by  M.  Hartwq; ;  hut  itis  probably  only  half-hardy. 

R.  /aurifolius  ifuU.,  S,  croceus  A'u».,  R.  lanceolalus  Punk,  R.  parvirolius 
TV.  ii  Gray,  R.  femigfneus  A'utt.,  R.  califdrnicus  Etch-,  and  S.  te^c^nsis 
7\ir.  i  Gray,  are  described  in  Tor.  and  Gray's  Flora  of  Xorlh  America  ,-  Ji. 
pubOscens  Fl.  Griec,  and  several  others,  are  described  in  Don's  Miller,  itnd 
in  the  first  edition  of  thii  work. 

Genus  V. 


□ 


COLLE'TW  Com.    The  Collbtia.    Lm.  Syit.  Pentindria  Mooogfnia. 

fymmptitr.    Ahimnui  in  p4rt. 

Dcrnaliim.    Named  bf  ComviarKi],  In  lioiiDiir  af  CoUrl,  bli  ftieoil  lod  coDntrrmu,  wbo  wmta 


Gen.  char.  Caf^'catnpanutate,  membraneous,  coloured.  Prtn^wantiug,  or  very 
minute,  linear.  Slaiueai  with  ovate  2-celled,  or  reniform  1-ceIled,  anthers. 
Ditk  short,  cup-shaped,  adnate  to  the  bottom  of  the  calyx.  Otmry  free, 
fr«eikd.     Styk  simple,  dongated.     Sligjaa  3-lobed.     Frtiii  guarded  at  ths 


XXII.    JZHAMNACE^:    COLLET/^. 


179 


base  by  the  permanent  tube  of  the  calyx,  tricoccous,  dehiscent.  (Don^t 

Leaves^  when  present,  simple,  opposite,  stipulate,  deciduous  ;  very  minute, 
and  quite  entire.  Flowers  axillary,  fascicled,  or  racemose ;  and,  when  the 
leaves  are  absent,  rising  from  beneath  the  base  of  the  spines. —  Much- 
branched  shrubs,  with  divaricating,  decussately  opposite  branches,  and  spiny 
bnuichlets. 

jt  1.  C.  HO^RRiDA  Lmdl.    The  bristly  Colletia. 

iaentificatifm.    Lindi.  in  Bot.  Reg.?  Ad.  Brong. 

SMonymf.    C.  ftrox  GilL  rt  Hook,  in  Bot.  Mxa.  1 .  154.  t.  44.  $. 

Engraviagi.    Bot.  B«g.,  1. 1776. ;  and  our  fig.  269. 

Spec,  Char,,  i^c.  Spines  rigid,  simple,  or  much  branched.  Peduncles  mostly 
in  pairs.  Calyx  ovate-oblong.  Stamens  sessile.  (Lindl,)  A  spiny  shrub, 
evergreen,  from  the  colour  of  its  branches  and  branchlets.  Chili  and 
Mendoza,  on  mountains.  Height  3  ft.  to  4fl.  Introduced  in  1823. 
Flowers  greenish  white,  stained  with  dull  purple ;  May  to  July.  Berry 
whitish,  about  the  size  of  a  small  pea ;  ripe  in  Se{)t. 

The  young  branches  are  furnished  with  "  bright 
green  sawed  scales  "  as  leaves  ;  they  are  placed  o|)|)o- 
site,  and  at  the  base  of  each  is  a  small  stipule.  The 
leaves  and  stipules  speedily  fall  off,  *'  leaving  the 
branches  to  act  as  leaves,  by  the  aid  of  their  soft  par- 
ench^-ma,  with  which  they  are  clothed  in  the  form  of 
bark."  Hence,  plants  of  any  size  appear  one  mass  of 
naked  spiny  green  branches  in  winter ;  and,  in  summer, 
haviBg  leaves  and  flowers  all  over  the  points  of  the 
branchlets.  It  is  a  most  desirable  addition  to  our 
evei^een  shrubs;  and,  as  it  escaped  the  winter  of 
1 837-8,  it  may  be  safely  recommended  as  hardy,  for  cli- 
mates not  much  colder  than  that  of  London.  It  grows 
in  common  garden  soil,  in  a  dry  situation,  fully  exposed 
to  the  sun.  It  has  not  yet  been  propagated  otherwise 
than  by  Chilian  seeds,  which  are  frequently  received 
under  the  name  of  Ketanilla.  We  have  no  doubt, 
however,  that  it  might  be  increased  by  layers,  or  by 
cuttings  in  sand  under  a  glass.  sss.  coii*i«  hdrrid.. 

Other  Species  ofCoUki\2i,  —  There  are  plants  in  the  London  gardens,  under 
the  name  of  C.  spin6sa  and  C.  ulicina,  which  we  consider  merely  as  varieties 
of  C.  horrida ;  though  the  former  has  white  flowers,  and  the  latter  broader 
leaves  than  those  which  we  have  described.  They  are  considered  more  ten- 
der than  C.  hdrrida  ;  but  this  may  possibly  be  owing  to  the  plants  having  been 


^.^ 


S70.    CollMs 


C^phcon. 


CoUMta  tpinnM. 


younger.  C.  V/phedra  Vent.  Choix,  1. 16.  (the  i^hamnus  E  phedra  Domh.,  and 
the  RetanUla  J^phedra  Brong,)  is  said  to  have  survived  the  criterion  wiuter 
at  Liverpool,  in^.  270.,  a  represents  C.  tdicina;  6,  C.  £'phedra  {RetO' 
nUIa  i^'phedra  Brong.)  ;  and  c,  C.  spinosa. 

2 


N 


180 


ARBOUETUM    £T    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Genus  VI. 


I 


A 


CE  ANO'THUS  L.    The  Cranothus,  or  Red  Root,    Lin.  Syst. 

Peot&ndria  Monogynia. 

Identification.    Brongn.  M^ra.  Rham.,  p.  62. ;  Hook.  FI.  Bor.  Amer.>  1.  p.  124.;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  81. ; 

DoQ's  Mill.,  2  p.  37. 
^wmsfmts.    HhkmnuM  ipecles  Z,.,  Juss.^  Lam. ;  C^anothe.  Pr.  ;  Sjikebbaum,  Ger. 
Derivation.    From  keanothus^  a  name  employed  bjr  Theophnutui  to  designate  a  spinr  plant,  derived 

from  it^,  tocleare :  the  modRm  gcnui  has,  tiowerer,  nothing  to  do  with  the  plant  or  Theophrastua. 

The  English  name.  Red  Root,  is  given  to  the  plant  in  America,  ttoax  the  red  colour  of  clie  roots* 

which  are  of  a  large  siie  in  proportion  to  the  branches. 

Gen,  Char,  Calyx  with  a  subhemispherical  tube,  and  5  connivent  segments. 
Petals  5,  unguiculate,  cucullate,  deilexed.  Stamens  with  ovate  2-celled  an- 
thers. Disk  spongy,  annular.  Ovary  spherical,  girded  by  the  disk,  3-celled. 
Styles  3,  diverging,  terminated  by  small  papilliform  stigmas.  Fruit  tricoc- 
coiis,  girded  by  the  circumcised  tube  of  the  calyx.  {DorCs  MUl,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  persistent  or  deciduous  ;  ovate  or  ellipti- 
cal, serrated  or  entire.  Flowers  terminal  or  axillary,  in  elongated  racemes. 
—  Shrubs,  natives  of  North  America,  very  ornamental  in  British  gardens, 
and  easily  propai^ted  by  cuttings  of  the  young  wood,  planted  in  sand,  and 
covered  with  a  hand-glass.  Most  of  the  species  proKduce  seeds  fireely  in 
British  gardens,  and  they  all  grow  in  any  common  garden  soil. 

1.  C,  AMERiCA^NUs  L,     The  American  Ceanothus,  or  Red  Root;  or  Kcw 

Jersey  Tea, 

Identification.    Ltn.  Spec.,  381. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  31. ;  Don's  Mill.,  2.  p.  37. ;  Tor.  and  Gray, 

1.  p.  264. 
Engravinfis.    Bot.  Mag.,  t.  1497. ;  and  our  Ji^,  271. 

Spec,  Char.,  S^c,  Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  serrated,  pubescent  beneath. 
Thyrse  elongated,  axillary,  with  a  pubescent  rachis.  (Don*s  Mill,)  A  de- 
ciduous suffrutescent  low  shrub.  Canada  to  Florida,  in  woods  and  copses. 
Height  If^.  to  3  ft  ;  in  British  gardens,  2  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1713. 
Flowers  white  ;  June  to  August.    Fruit  black  ;  ripe  in  September. 

Varieties,     Torrey  and  Gray  describe  three  varieties, 

C,  a.  2  Pitcheri,  C.  a.  3  her- 
baceus  (C,  perennis  Pursh,  C. 
ovatus  Desf.),  and  C,  a.  4 
intermedins  {C.  intermedins 
Pursh,  Jig,  271.)  ;  but  we 
scarcely  think  they  are  worth 
keeping  apart  in  collections. 

Stems  shrubby,  or  suffiruticose. 

Leaves     2  in.     to   3  in.     long. 

The  leaves  and    stems   of  the 

plant   are   pubescent ;    and   the 

flowers,  being  produced  in  great 

numbers  together,  are  very  orna- 
mental. They  are  succeeded  by  bluntly  triangular  cap- 
sules ;  and,  about  London,  in  fine  seasons,  the  seeds 
ripen.  Any  soil  that  is  tolerably  dry.  Seeds  or  cuttings. 
The  leaves  of  this  plant,  dried,  were  used  by  the  Americans  as  a  substitute 
for  Chinese  tea,  during  the  war  of  independence. 

A  ft  2.  C.  AZU^REUS  Desf,    The  azuve-Jlowered  Ceanothus,  or  Red  Root, 

Identification.    Dcsf.  Cat.,  1815,  p.  232  ;  D-hi  Prod.,  2.  p.  31. ;  Don's  Mill.,  2.  p.  37. 

Synonymet.    C.  csriUeus  Lag.  Gen.  et  Spec.  lflir>,  p.  11 . ;  C.  bicolor  WiUd.  in  Sckutt.  Syst.  7.  p.  6ft. 

Engravings,    Bot.  Reg.,  t.  291. ;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.,  t.  110. ;  and  our  Jig.  273. 


C  a.  imermidiiu. 


XXII.  bhamna'ce*:  ceano'thus.  181 

Spec.  Ciar.,  4*.  Leaves  orate-oblong,  obtuae,  acutely  serrated,  siYKWth  above, 
hosrj  and  downy  beneuth.  Thyrse  eloiuiated,  axilkrv,  with  a  downy  rachis. 
Pedicels  smooth.  (Don'*  Mitf.)  A  sub-evergreen  shrub.  Mexico.  Heijiht 
eft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1818.  Flowers  bright  blue;  May  to  Sc'p- 
tember.    Fruit  black,  enclosing  3  seeds  i  ripe  in  Octuher. 

•  •  C.  a,  B  intermidiui,  C.  intermcduis  Hort.,  haB  the  i 
hibic  or  C.  Bzureus,  with  pnle  tloners,  lilie  those 
of  C.  unericanuR,  varying  with  different  nhades  of 
blue.  It  was  raised  by  Mr.  Masiera  of  Canter- 
bury, from  seeds  of  C.  ozureus  fecundated  by  C. 


A  Tery  handsome  shrub,  profusely  covered  with  brilliant 
celestial  blue  flowers  in  large  panicles.  In  Mexico  its  bark 
it  otiuidered  as  a  febrifuge.  It  is  the  most  robust-^rowinK 
species  of  the  genu^t,  attaining,  in  3  or  4  years  from  itxa, 
the  height  of  5  or  6  feel,  or  more,  against  a  wall.  It  was 
>1  first  treated  as  a  green-house  plant,  but  lately  it  has  been 
laund  lo  be  nearly  as  hardy  as  the  North  American  species. 
In  the  winter  of  IB37-8  these  plants  were  greatly  injured, 
but  none  of  them  killed.  North  of  London  the  plnnt  is 
less  rigorous. 

a  •  3.  C,  (a.)  TnTRsiFLo'HUs  Eick.     The  Thyrse-flowered  Ceanothus. 

Umtfcaliim.  Eicb.ln  Mrm.  AchI.  SI.  P«an1nr(  [  INS)  i  Hoak.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.,  I.  p.  I».  i  Don-I 
g  Z  p.  J7, ;  Tor.  ud  Gnj.  I.  p.  Kt 

^vrVn«.    6urj«(.      .l^f.,' 

Spec.  Char,,  Ifc.  Leaves  oval,  3-rerved,  serrulated,  (tnooth.  Stem  mnny- 
an^ed  i  panicle  tliyrsoid  in  the  axillary  branches,  (ih-n'i  Mill.)  A  sn'b- 
eve^reen  shrub,  or  small  tree.  Monierey,  Upper  Calilbm  a,  and  north- 
wetl  coast  of  North  America.  Height  in  America  3fl.  to  £0(1.  Intro- 
duced in  ?  1830.  Flowers  bright  blue;  May  to  November.  Fruit  black; 
ripe  about  a  month  after  flowering. 

In  its  native  country,  in  favourable  siiiiations,  this  species  becomes  a  small 
tree,  with  a  stem  lometiiaes  as  thick  as  a  man's  arm,  and  strongly  angular 
bnnches.  In  British  gardens  it  forms  a  free-flowering  highly  omamentnl 
ihrub,  with  much  of  the  habit  of  C.  aiilrens;  from  which  tt  chiefly  differs 
in  having  the  flowers  in  a  close,  instead  of  in  an  elongated,  thyrse.  Not- 
withstaiMling  this  difference,  we  consider  it  as  only  a  variety  of  that  specie.->. 
*  «  *.  C  vELUTc'jifs  Doug.     The  velvely-iraiicd  t^eanotlms. 


Sjiec.  Char,,  if-c.      Branches    somewhat    pendulous. 
Leaves  ort>ieular,  elliptical  or  elliptical  ovate,  obtuse, 
■ubcordate:,   glandularly    crenale,   serrulate,   coria- 
ceous, glabrous,  and  shining  (aa  if  varnished)  above, 
vdve^,  canescent,  and  strongly  3-ribhed   beneath. 
Ptmicles  axillary,   elongated,   on    rather    long  pe- 
duncle*.    (Tor.   and   Grag.)      A   shrub,    probably 
std»-evergreen.    North-west  coast  of  North  America, 
on  subalnine  bills.     Height  3  ft.  to  6  It.    Not  intro- 
duced.    Flowers  white.     Fruit  dry,  8 — 3-seeded, 
This  is  apparently  a  very  desirable  species  ;  and,  as  , 
It  is  so  abundant  as  to  cover  the  whole  declivities  of  ^  _ 
hills,  forming  thickets  very  difficult  to  penetrnte,  ue    " 
han   no    doubt    that    it   will    soon   be   introduced.  Muiim 

BniKhes  nearly  glahroui.     The  leaves  abound  with  an  aromatic  resin. 


182 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


M  5.  C.  COLLIN  us  Dotig,    The  Hill-side  Ceanothus. 

Identification.    Doug.  In  MSS. ;  Fl.  Cab.,  t.  13.  4 

Engravings.    Fl.  Cab.,  t.  13. ;  and  ourjig.  27&.  ^ 

Spec.  Char,,  S^c.  Branches  decumbent,  round,  and 
smoothish.  Leaves  ovate  or  elliptic,  somewhat 
clammy,  glandular,serrated,  upper  surface  shining, 
under  surface  covered  with  adpressed  hairs,  3- 
nerved.  Stipules  awl-shaped.  Panicles  axillary. 
(Knowlcs  and  Weitcott.)  A  hardy,  evergreen,  low, 
aecumbent  shrub.  North  America.  Height  I  ft. 
Introduced  in  1827.  Flowers  white,  produced 
in  great  abundance;  June  and  July.  Fruit 
brown;  ripe  in  September. 

Layers,  which  root  readilv,  or  seeds. 

Other  Species  of  Ceanothus,  —  C.  ovatus  and  C. 
intermedins,  we  have  seen,  on  the  authority  of 
Torrey  and  Gray,  are  only  varieties  of  Camericanus; 
and  we  have  no  doubt  that  this  will  be  the  case 
with  C.  ovMis,  C,  sanguineus,  C,  oreganus,  and 
other  species  described  by  authors.  In  short,  there 
appears  to  us  no  assignable  limits  to  the  sports  and 
hybrids  that  may  be  produced  in  this  genus. 


175 


Order  XXIIL     HOMALINA^CEiE. 

Obd,  Char,  Catyx  funnel-shaped,  its  tube  usually  adnate  to  the  over}'-,  its 
limb  with  5 — 15  lobes.  Petals  inserted  into  the  calyx,  as  many  as  its  lobes, 
alternate  with  them,  snialler  than  they,  and  deemed  by  some  an  inner  whorl 
of  lobes  of  the  calyx.  Glands  present  in  front  of  the  segments  of  the  calyx. 
Stamens  arising  from  the  base  of  the  petaln,  either  singly,  or  in  threes  or 
sixes.  Anthers  2-celled,  opening  longitudinally.  Ovary  ] -celled,  with  nu- 
merous ovules.  Styles  3--5,  simple.  Fruit  berried  or  capsular.  Seeds 
small.  (LindL)  —  Trees  or  shrubs  ;  natives  of  South  America. 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  with  deciduous  stipules,  sub-evergreen ;  toothed 
or  entire.  Flowers  axillary,  in  spikes,  racemes,  or  panicles.  —  The  species  in 
British  gardens  belong  to  the  genera-  Aristotel/a  and  Azara  (the  latter  rather 
tender),  which  are  thus  contradistinguished  :  — 

Aristote^lm  L'H^rit.  Corolla  of  5  petals.  Stamens  15—18,  polyadel- 
phous.    Fruit  a  globose,  free,  3-celled  berry.     Cells  1 — 2-seeded. 

AzA^RA  R.  et  P.  Corolla  none.  Stamens  numerous.  Fruit  a  globose  l- 
celled,  5-seeded  berry. 

Genus  L 


y 


ARISTOTE^L/il  UHerit.    The  Aristotelia.     Li».  Sysi.  Polyadelphia 

Poly4ndria. 

Identification.    L'H^rit.  Stirp.,  p.  31. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  56. ;  Don's  Mill.,  2.  p.  fiS. 

Derivation.    Named  In  commemoration  or  Aristotle,  the  celebrated  philosopner  and  nataralUt. 

Gen,  Char,    Calyx  campanulate,  profoundly  5-cleft.    Petals  5,  inserted  in  the 


xxiii,  homalinaVf.£:  aristote'l/^.  183 

base  of  the  cal^x,  and  alternating  with  its  iobea.  Slaimmi  15 — 18,  (fene- 
ra]lv3or4in  each  bundle,  placed  in  front  of  the  lobes  of  the  calvx.  Antheri 
opoung  by  two  pores  at  the  apex.  Ormy  free.  Slylet  'i,  somewhat 
coanircted  at  the  base.     Berry  globose,  3-celled.     Secdt  anf-ular.   (Don't 

mi.) 

Ijtavet  simple,  opposite,  stipulate,  sul>-«Tergreen  ;  stalked  end  shining. 
Fharri  in  axillary  raceme*. 

ft  •  ¥  f  I.  A.  AUcwi  L'Herit.     The  Macqui  Arislotelia. 

Uiml^ttlim.    VHttit.aatp..m.Xt.j  Dtt  PK>ll.,*.p.U.|  Don'!  Hil]„  1.  p.  M. 

^•cm/ma.    A.mlMBia\baB.rlf.  R.  ^cr.  jwf .  p  L^  ,  A.  M4fK/lnDM  Vrod..  t.  p.  M. 

tvrawrmgt.  L'Htrlt.  5lln>..  t.  1A.  i  WUt.  Utnd.  Brit.,  L  44.  {  N.Dia  Hun.,  tU,  i  (he  bitted 
lEiiimia  Arta.  BrIL,  l>t«Ut.,iol.  >.;  udourj^.  nc. 

Spec.  Char.,  ifc.  Calyx  deeply  5-rleft.  Styles  3,  somewhat  connected  at  the 
base.  A  sub-evergreen  shnih,  or  low  tree.  Chili,  Height  in  British  gar- 
dens T — 18  ft.  Introduced  in  IT33.  Flowers  sinall,  green,  purplJEh,  and 
yellow  ;  May  and  June.    Berry  veiy  dark  purple ;  ripe  in  September. 

fanety. 

■  ■  .4.  M.  ZfoUu  variegaHt. — The  veriegDted-leaved  Macqui  Aristotelia. 


In  Chili  this  plant  forms  an  erei^een  shrub,  with  diffuse  branches,  growing 
to  the  height  of  6  h.  The  flowers  are  not  very  showy  j  but  they  are  succeeded 
bi  beniea  about  the  siie  of  a  pea,  Tery  dark  purple,  and  at  length  becoming 
Mck,  which  are  acid  and  ea^le.     In  British  gardeni,  it  forms  a  sub-ever- 


184 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRTTANKICUM. 


green  slirub  or  low  tree,  of  very  vigorous  growth  ;  so  rauch  so,  in  a  young 
state,  that,  from  the  shoots  not  being  matured,  they  are  frequently  killed  down 
to  the  ground,  and  the  foliage  more  or  less  injured.  Notwithstanding  this,  the 
aristotelia  frequently  flowers,  and  even  ripens  fruit ;  and,  in  all  probability, 
if  the  tree  were  planted  in  dry  and  rather  poor  soil,  so  as  to  grow  slowly,  and 
not  make  more  wood  every  year  than  it  could  ripen  properly,  it  would  attain 
a  large  size,  and  form  a  very  handsome  hardy  ever- 
green shrub  or  tree.  The  plant  grows  vigorously  in 
any  common  garden  soil,  producing  shoots  3  ft.,  4  ft., 
or  5  ft.  in  length  when  young ;  and  it  is  readily  pro- 
pagated by  cuttings  or  by  layers. 

Other  Species  of  Arittotelisi,  —  One  has  been  raised 
in  the  Chelsea  Botanic  Garden,  from  South  American 
seeds,  which  Mr.  Dillwyn  found  to  stand  the  winter 
of  1837-8  better  than  A.  Mdcqui. 

•  Azdm  dentdta  R.  &  P.,  Don's  Mill.  i.  p.  257. 
(Bot.  Reg.  1. 1788.,  and  our^g.  277.)  is  an  evergreen 
shrub  or  low  tree,  growing  to  the  height  of  12  ft.  in 
Chili.  It. stood  8  yea^fs  m  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden, 
against  a  wall,  and,  though  killed  by  the  winter  of 
1837-8,  it  may  vet  ultimately  prove  tolerably  hiardy. 
A.  integrifdUa,  if  a  different  species,  may  possibly  be  found  hardy  also. 


Order  XXIV.     ANACARDIA^CE^. 

Jdentifleation,    Litidley,  In  Intrnd.  to  N.  S. 

^ynonyme*.     Tlerebinth&ceaB,  tribe  1.  Anacardids  A.  J7r.,  and  tribe  3.  SumaeJAnem  Dee.  Prod 
2.66. 

JRD.  Char,  Flowert  generally  unisexual.  Co/^j*  usually  5-parted.  PeiaU 
equal  in  number  to  the  divisions  of  the  calyx,  cohering  at  the  base  when  the 
disk  is  absent.  Stametu  same  number,  or  twice  that  number.  Disk,  when 
present,  annual.  Ovarium  usually  solitary.  Sfy/es  1 — 3,  sometimes  wanting. 
Fruit  indehiscent.  (LiruU.) —  Low  deciduous  or  evergreen  trees,  natives  o. 
Asia  and  Africa. 

Leaves  simple  or  compound,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen ; 
without  pellucid  dots.  Flowers  terminal  or  axillary,  in  [lanicles,  with  bracts. 
— The  hardy  species  belong  to  the  genera  Pistacia,  /2hus,  and  Duvaua^ 
which  are  thus  contradistinguished  :  — 

Pista'cia  L.    Flowers  dioecious,  apetalous,  amentaceous.    Stigmas  3.   Drupe 

dry,  containing  a  1-celled,  l-seeded  nut. 
i^Hu's  L.    Flowers  polygamous.     Styles  or  stigmas  3.'    Drupe  nearly  dry, 

containing  a  l-celled,  I — S-seeded  nut. 
DuvAu'^  Kth.   Flowers  monoecious  or  dicecious.    Styles  3 — *,  short.   Drupe 

containing  a  coriaceous  f-seeded  nut. 


contammg  a  coriaceous 


Gem  US  I. 


PISTA^CIA  L,    The  Pistachia  Tree.    lAn.  Syst,  Dice'cia  Pentindria. 

Identification.    Lin.  Gen.,  1108. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  8.  p.  64. ;  Don's  Mill.,  2.  p.  61.  and  6S. 
^rnonyffte.    Tereblnthus  Ju$t. 

Derivation.    From  the  Qnek  word  Pigtakia^  derired  firom  PHttaUon^  the  name  of  a  dty ;  or  fW»m 
the  AraMc  word  Fouttaq,  the  Arabian  name  of  Pistida  vdra. 

Gen,  Char.    Flowers  dioecious,  and  without  petals ;  dispobed  in  amentaceous 


XXIV.    AHACARDIa'cEX  :    PtSTACIA.  185 

nceinca,  each  Bcele  with  one  flower.  CalyxS — 5-cIeft.  Slamem  5,'mserted'mto 
a  cal^ciDe  disk,  or  into  the  calyi ;  with  4-cciniere(i,  almoit  Bpssile,  antheni, 
OnTy  t — 3-celled.  Stigmat  3,  and  thiekish.  Fniil  ■  dry  ovule  drupe;  nut 
bony,  and  usually  1-celled,  with  a  single  seed  affixed  to  the  bottom.  Coly- 
ledont  thick,  fleshy,  oily,  and  bent  beck  upon  the  radicle.  —  Small  treen, 
natiTcs  of  the  South  of  Europe  and  Asia. 

Leaert  compound,  tnipari-|iinnate,  deciduous  or  erergreen  \  dying  off  of 
a  besutHul  reddish  purple ;  young  shoota  tinged  with  purple. 

.  vb'ra  L.    The  true  Pistachia  Tree. 

H.  I  D«.  Prod.,  1.  p.  M. ;  Drm'i  W1I..  a.  p.  69. 

"—■  KtK,  \    PlM^hicT,  rr.  \  PlitutEntvuIO.  Crr.  |  PliUcdilg. 

Dn  fUm.^  4.  t-  17- i  and  ourjlf.  TJB, 

Sprt;.  Cfutr.,  ^c.  Lesvea  deciduous,  impari-pinnate,  of  3 — 5  Ifaflcia,  rarely  of 
1 :  the  leaflets  ovate,  a  little  tapered  at  the  base,  inriistinclty  mucronnte  at 
the  tip.  (Dee.  Prod.)  A  deciduous  tree.  Syria.  Height  SO  ft.  Introduced 
in  IT70.  Flowers  small,  brownish  green ;  April  and  May.  Fruit  reddish, 
an  inch  long,  ovate;  ripe  in  Syria  in  September,  rarely  seen'in  England. 
fahetiet.  The  followiag  are  considered  liy 
soiDe  authors  as  species  : — 

*  P.  e.  8  Irifi/ia  Lin.   Si)ec.  1454.,  Bocc. 
MuB.  ii.  t.  93.,  has  leaves  usually  of 
3  leaflets. 
I   P.  0.  3  narbonhiBM  Bocc.  Mua.  t.  ii.  693, 
P.     reticulata    WUId.,     has    pinnate 
leave)!,  the  leaflets  having  prominent 
veins.  H.  S. 
Cultivated  in  the  South  of  France,  and   in    / 
Iialr,  for  ita  fruit;  the  nut  of  which  is  some-  T 
times  eaten  raw,  but  more  frequenlly  in  a  dried  ^ 
Kate,  tike  almonds.   In  British  gardens,  the  tree  V 
ii  not  much  planted,  from  its  being  generally   1 
supposed  to  require  a  wall ;  but,  in  favourable 
ntuations,  it  will  grow  as  a  standurd  or  a  bush  '*  - 

in  any  common  garden  koil,  and  may  be  propa- 
gated either  by  nuts  procured  from  abroad,  or  by  cuttings. 

I  2.  P.  Tbrbbi'nthus  Lin.    The  Turpentine  Pistachio,  or  Venetian  or  Chkm 

Turpentine  Tree. 
Unil^lcatiim.    Urn.  Spse..  IU9. ;  Dec.  Fin).,  I.  p.  St.  i  Doti'i  Mill,,  1.  p.  es. 
Jr»V<»"^    r.  •■Iciil^  nnm.  Im^  m, ;  P.  lin  Kill  DW.  No.  4. ;    PUt«hiiT  T*r6NnIht.  Fr. : 

TdpatlD  FtMMJe.Orr. ;  Tncblnto,  Iitl. 
Emtramlagr-    WggdT   Mvd.  BoL.  419.  E.  lU.  i  wad  cntjtg,  979. 

^*e,  CItar.,  Sfc.     Leaves  deciduous,  impari-pinnate,  of  about  7  leaflets,  that 
are  ovate-lenceolate,  rounded  at  the  base,  and  at  the  ti 
nate.   (Dec.  Prod.)     A  deciduous  tree.     South  of    . 
£urDpe  and  North  of  Africa.     Height   30  ft.     ' 
troducedin  1656.   Flowers  dull  yellow  and  crime 
Juoe  and  July,    Fruit  dark  blue,  hardly  bigger  than  ■ 

I  P.  T.  8  tpharor&rpa  Dec.  —  Fruit  larger 
rounder  than  that  of  the  species. 
The  general  appearance  of  the  tree  is  that  of  P. 
vera,  but  the  leaves  are  larger,  and  the  fruit  only  a  third 
of  the  aiie ;  the  leaflets  are,  also,  lanceolate,  instead  of 
boi^  Bubovale.  The  red  hue  of  the  branches,  e^pe- 
ciaUy  when  young,  is  very  beautiful ;  and  the  leaves  are 


186 


ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUMT. 


also  more  or  less  tinged  with  red.  The  fruit  is  round,  not  succulent,  and 
somewhat  furrowed  ;  at  first  green,  and  afterwards  reddish ;  but  black,  or  of  a 
very  dark  blue,  when  ripe.  The  leaves  and  flowers  emit  a  very  resinous  odour, 
which  spreads  to  a  considerable  distance,  more  especially  at  sunset,  when 
the  dew  is  falling,  after  a  very  warm  day.  The  substance  called  Venice 
or  Chian  turpentine  is  the  resin  which  exudes  from  this  tree.  In  British 
gardens,  the  tree  is  not  very  common,  though  it  is  generally  considered  as  the 
hardiest  of  the  genus;  and,  with  P.  vbxi,  may  be  planted  in  warm  sheltered 
situations  in  the  open  border. 

1  3.  P.  iKNTi'scus  L.    The  Mastich  Tree. 

Jdentiflcatiom.    Lin.  Spec.,  MSS. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  S.  p.  65. ;  Don'n  ftliU.,  3.  p.  66. 

^tnonyme.     Corao  capra,  If/z/. 

Engravingt.    Woodr.  Med.  Bot.,  1. 162. ;  and  oar  Jig  S80. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Evergreen.  Leaves  abruptly  pinnate ;  leaflets  8,  lanceolate ; 
petiole  winged.  (Dec.  Prod,)  An  evergreen  tree.  Southern  Europe, 
riorthern  Africa,  and  the  Levant.  Height  20  ft.  Introduced  in  IGG^. 
Flowers  green ;  April  and  May.    Fruit  brownish ;  ripe  in  October. 

Farietiet, 

i  P.  L.  2  an^tuHJolia  Dec,  P.  massili^nsis  MUL  Dict.^  P.  angustifolia 

massiliensis  Toum,,  has  leaflets  almost  linear,  and  the  tree  seldom 

exceeds  10  fl.  in  height. 
t  P.  L.  3  diia  N.  Du  Ham.  iv.  p.  72. ;  P. 

chia  Desf,  Cat,  Hort,  Par,  —  A  native  of 

Scio,  where  it  produces  the  mastich. 

The  species  bears  a  eeneral  resemblance  to  the 
two  preceding  ones,  m  summer,  when  they  are 
clothed  with  foliage ;  but  it  differs  from  them  in 
being  evergreen,  and  in  having  the  leaves  much 
smaller.  The  leaves  have  sometimes  5  leaflets  on 
each  side ;  and  the  petioles  are  so  much  winged 
as  to  appear  like  pinnae.  The  tree  in  the  South 
of  Europe,  and  the  North  of  Africa,  is  cultivated 
in  gardens,  as  well  as  found  in  a  wild  state ;  but 
in  British  gardens  it  is  not  so  hardy  as  P,  Te- 
rebinthus,  and  north  of  London  should  always 
be  planted  against  a  wall.  sso.  ptitAeu  /^ndtea*. 

Other  Species  of  Pittdcia,  —  P.  atldnOca  Desf.,  a  deciduous  tree  from  Mount 
Atlas,  is  said  to  have  been  introduced  in  1*790,  but  it  requires  the  protection 
of  a  frame  or  green-house. 

Genus  H. 


RRU'S  L.    The  Rhus,  or  Sumach,    Lin,  Sygt,  Pent4ndria  Trigynia  and 

Diee^cia  Pent&ndria. 

IdaU^cah'on.  Lin.  Gen.,  369. :  Lam.  111.,  t.  207.;  Kunth  Gen.  Tereb.,p.  A. ;  Dec  Prod.,  2.  p.  66.  z 
Don'*  Mill.,  8.  p.  61.  and  p.  69. 

SuHonjfmes.    Sumach,  Fr.  and  Oer. ;  Ru,  ItaL 

DerivaU'on.  From  rhoost  or  rhou$t  Greek,  or  from  rhrndd^  or  rwf,  Celtic,  red ;  In  allusion  to  the 
colour  of  the  fhiit  and  leaves  of  some  of  the  species  in  autumn.  Others  derire  i^hus  ttonx  the 
Greek  verb  rhed^  I  run,  from  the  habit  of  the  roots  runnmg  and  spreading  under  ground  to  a 
considerable  distance  from  the  tree.  Sumach  Is  derived  from  Simaq,  the  Arabic  name  of  the 
plant 

Gen,  Char,  Sexes  hermaphrodite,  dioecious,  or  polygamous.  Caii/x  small, 
5-parted,  persistent.  Petals  ovate,  and  inserted  into  a  calycine  disk,  or 
into  the  calyx.    Stamens  5,  inserted  into  a  calycine  disk.     Ovart/  single^ 


I  Don't  Mill.,  i.  p.  69 
D.  36H..  W<F7icA  knl, 


XXIV.  akacardia'cex:  ahu's.  187 

mbglobular,  of  1  cell,  Sli/kj  3,  short,  or  wanting.  Stigmai  3.  Frml  an 
aJmost  dry  drupe  of  1  cell^  with  a  bony  nul,  which  includes  a  single  seed  ; 
and,  in  some  instances,  2—3  seeds.  (Dec.  Prod.) — Deciduous  shrubs.  Na- 
tives of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  and  South  America. 

Leavei  simple  or  unequally  pioaate,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous. 
Fiomeri  in  terminal  racemes,  or  panicles.  —  The  leaves  vary  much,  both  in 
form  and  magnitude ;  and  they  generally  die  off,  in  autumn,  of  a  dark  red, 
or  a  bright  scarlet,  or  yellow,  when  they  are  very  ornamental.  Most  of  the 
apeciea  are  poisonous,  some  highly  so ;  and  they  all  may  be  used  in  unniny, 
and  dyeing  yellow  or  black.  They  are  all  easily  propagated  by  cuttings  of 
the  root,  and  some  of  them  by  cuttings  of  the  branches. 
Some  of  the  hardy  species  are  rambling  climbers,  and  others  tree-tike 
bushes .  * 

5  i.   C6Hnvs  Tourn. 
Seel.  Char.     Leaves  unditided.     Flowers  hermaphrodite. 

•  1.  K.  Co'tinus  L.     The  Cotinus  Rhus,  or  Venetian  Suniac/i. 

lilfmtitkalAm.     U-a.  SpK.,  W3.  ;  Due.  Frod  .%p.S!.;  Don't  Mill.,  i 

P^mqiHA,  /y. ;  P«iLJdtcn  Sunurh.  Ger.i  Sntuw,  JiaL 
Dertr^Km.     The  leiro  Cdtlnui  ll  drrlrrd  ftuni  colmas,  a  OMmt  uoder  which  Pliny  ipeika  o 

fnwm^mt.     JmOj.  AiuI..LillO,;  uid  our  jit'JII\. 

Spec.  Char.,  ij-c.  Leaves  obovate.  [Dec.  Prod.)  A  de- 
ciduous rambling  shrub.  Spain  to  Caucasus  ;  and,  accord- 
ing to  Torrey  and  Gray,  probably  of  North  America. 
Uei^t  4  ft.  to  6  ft  wild  ;  6  ft.  to  B  ft:,  in  a  state  of  cul- 
ture. Introduced  in  16a6.  Flowers  pale  purplish,  or 
flesh  colour  I  June  and  July.  Fruit  white;  ripe  in  Hep- 
tember.  Decaying  leaves  of  a  fine  reddish  yellow.  Naked 
joung  wood  smooth  brown. 

The  flowers  are  disposed  in  loose  panicles,  and  are  her- 
maphrodile.  The  drupe  is  half-heart-shaped,  smooth,  and 
veiny ;  and  its  nut  is  triangular.  Many  of  the  flowers  are 
abortive;  and  their  pedicels,  after  flowering,  lengthen,  and 
become  hairy.  A  highly  ornamental  shrub,  more  especially 
when  covered  with  its  large  loose  panicles  of  elongated  hairy  ' 
pedicels.  It  is  easily  known  from  all  the  other  species  by 
Its  simple,  obovate,  smooth,  stifl;  lucid  green  leaves,  rounded 
at  the  points,  and  supported  by  long  footstalks,  which  remain 
on  till  they  are  killed  by  frost,  so  that  the  plant  is  almost  a 
Eid>.evergreen.  A  dry  loam  suits  it  best;  and  it  is  props- 
gated  by  pegging  down  the  branches  flat  to  the  ground,  and 
strewing  earth  over  them,  through  which  young  shoots  rise  up,  which  rt 
the  base,  and  may  be  removed  in  autumn. 

$  it.   Sumach  Dec. 

Sect,  Char.  Leaves  impari-pinnate;  leaflets  m 
of  the  first  6  species  of  this  section.  Fli 
cUceciotu,  or  benn^hrodite. 


j«MiH'i»a-     S-  rtrilnUzia  BamJL  Pin.  p.  SIT.  I  Vlnrialu  Sumach. 

Si^natmgt.    N.  Du  H.,  i.t.  <!.;  Witl.  DaDd.  Brit.,  I.  11,  uid  L  IS,  ;  udour  JIf.  H3.,  the milE. 

i^xv.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaf  of  8 — 10  uairs  of  leaflets,  and  the  odd  one,  that  are 
laneeolat^  acuminate,  serrated,  nairy  beneath.    Petiole  and  branches  hairj. 


1S9  AnBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

(Dfr.  Prod. )  A  shrub,  with  the  habit  of  a  low  deciduous  tre&  CanadR 
to  Carolina,  in  rocky  dry  situations.  Height  SO  ft.  Introduced  in  1629. 
Flowers,  female  dark  purplet  male  greenish  yellow  and  purple ;  Julv 
and  August.  Fruit  hairy,  purplet  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves  dark 
puqjie  or  red,  sometimes  mixed  with  yellow.  KakeU  young  wood  dark 
brown,  hairy.  DeCandolle  has  characterised  two  forms  of  this  species  as 
follows:  — 

1CR.l.\  arborheeTu. — A  tree  between  10  ft.  and  25  ft.  high  ;  leaf  slightly 

downy  beneath. 
«  B.  /.  2^/««Ti*,— Shrubby,  between   2ft.  and  10ft.  high;  and  its 

leaf  downy  and  whitish  beneath, 
t  R.  f.  3  nri^ora,     R.  viridiAdra  Pair.  —  Flowers  green.     Possibly 
*  nothing  more  than  the  male  plant. 

R\tia  typhina,  in  British  gardens,  is  either  a  large  shrub,  or  a  low  tree  with 

a  woody  stem  and  a  head  composed  of  many  irregular  branches,  generally 

crooked  and  deformed.     The  young  shoots  are  covered  with  a  soft  velvet-like 

down,  resembling  that  of  a  young  stag's  horn,  both  in  colour  and  texttuv  ; 

whence,    and     probably    also 

from  the  crookedness  of  the 

branches,   the  cominun  name. 

The  cellular  tissue  of  the  wood 

is  of  an  orange  colour,  with  a 

strong  aromatic  odour,  and  a 

copious  resinous  juice.      The 

leaves  are  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  long,  and 

they  are  very  conspicuous  in 

autumn,  before  th^  drop  off*, 

when  they  chan-ie  to  n  purplish 

oryellowish  red.    "Hie  flowers 

are  produced  in  close  spikes  at  <j 

the  ends  of  the  branches  ;  they  ' 

are  often    polygHmous  or   di- 

(Bcious   by  ubortinn,  and   the  "'■  »>ii' ■ii>w>>^ 

female  ones  are  followed  by  seeds  enclosed  in  woolly,  simple,  succulent  covers. 

As  the  plant  is  of  open  irregular  urowth,  and  not  of  long  duration,  it  should 

never  be  placed  where  it  is  intenileil  to  act  an  a  screen.    Like  all  objects  the 

chief  beauty  of  which  consists  in  their  singularity,  it  produces  the  most  striking 

effect  when  standing  alune  on  a  lawn. 

■  1  3.  fl.  (f  T.)  n 

UcnCiflcati<m.  Lin,  Shc,  380,1  Die.  Prud.,  1.  p,  H!.;  Don'i  Mill..  1  p.  TO : 

Spec.  Char.,  rj-c.  Leaf  jilabrous,  of  8 — 10  pairs  of  leaflets, 
and  an  odd  one;  leaflets  lanceolate-olilong,  serrate, 
whitish  beneath.  Branches  glabrous.  (Dfc.  Prod.) 
A  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree.  Canada  to  Geor;^a. 
Height  5  fL  to  16  ft.  Introduced  in  I T2G.  Flowers, 
male  greenish  yellow,  female  greenish  red.  Frnit  red ; 
ripe  in  October.  DeCandolle  has  distinguished  three 
tiuius  of  this  species ;  namely  :  — 

*  B.  g.   1  hemayhrodka,  R.  glabra  WUId.  Spec. 

i.  p.  14V8.,  nm.  EUh.  t.  243.  — Flowers  her- 
mafihrodile.  greenish, 
a  B.  ^.  S  dioka  Lam.  lU.  t.  207.  f.  I.  —  Flowers  { 
dicecious.  greenish. 

*  B.  g.  ?  3  coccfncfl.   R.  caroliniAnum  JHU/.  Diet. ; 

R.  elegans  Ait,,   Lodd.Cat.,  DetuLBrU-U  16. 
—  Flowers  diteeiouB,  red.     This  variety  ia  dis- 


XXIV.  anacabdia'cex  :  shv'b.  189 

tiDguithed  bv  a  more  upright  habit  of  growth,  and  smoother  brntiches 

and  leaves,  than  ff.  glikbra.     The  leave*  are  glaucoua  underneath  i 

and  the  fruit  i>  of  a  rich  veliety  crimson. 

The  general  appearance  of  the  species  is  similar  to  that  of  R.  lyphina ; 

but  the  Wves  and  the  entire  plant  are  smaller,  the  branches  more  spreading 

and  smooth,  and  the  leaflets  wider,  less  lerTated,  and  of  a  deeper  green. 

■  4.  £  tenbna'ta  Ihe.  The  poisonoua  Rhus,  PoUtm  Wood,  or  Swamp  SumacA, 

:.  Prod.,  1.  p.  ES.  t  Don'i  Mill..  1  p.  II.  i  Tor.  u 
mU  LHi.  Sptc.  3M..  Sig.  Mrd.  Bol.  i.  p.  M.  1. 


^Kc.  Char.,  j-c.  Leaf  rather  glabrous  than  pubescent,  of  6^6  pairs  of  leaflets, 
and  the  odd  one,  which  are  otaCe-janceolate,  acuminate,  entire,  and  beneath 
reticulatelj  veined.  (Dec.  Protf.^  A  deciduous  shrub.  Canada  to  Georgia, 
and  west  to  Louisiana,  in  swamps.  Height  15ft.  to  SOIt.  Introd.  1713. 
Flowers  green;  Jul}'.  Berrv  smooth,  greenish  white;  ripe  in?  October. 
Decaying  leaves  intense  red,  or  purple. 
Hak«Hl  yo»ag  wood  purplish  green. 
The  leaves  are  divided  like  those  of   R. 

tvphlna  and  R.  glabra ;   but  they  are   quite 

diOereut  from  tho%  of  both  kinds,  in  being  I 

smooth,  shining,  and  having  the  leaflets  very 

entire,  narrow,  and  pointed,  and  the  veins  of 

a  purplish  red  colour.     The  whole  shrub  is 

in  a  bleb  degree  poisonous ;  and  the  poison  i» 

communicated  by  touching  or  smelling  any 

part  of  it.     In  British  gardens  it  is  not  very 

comiQOD  i   but  it  well  deserves  cuilure,  on 

actxjunt  of  the  beauty  of  its  smooth  shining 

foliage  at  all  seasons,  and  of  its  almost  un- 
paralleled splendour  in  the  autumn,  from  the 

time  that  the  leaves  begin  to  change  colour, 

till  they  ultimately  drop  off,  of  an  intense         .  _ 

purple  or  scarlet,  with  tlie  first  frost.  ■**■  ■''••™~'* 

m  i  5.  R.  CbRii'HiA  Lin.   The  hide-tanning  Rhus,  or  the  Elm^eawd  Suvtavk. 


Spec.  Char..  *c.     Leaf  villose,  of  5—7 

e'rs  of  l^ets,  and  the  odd  one ; 
flets  elliptical,  and  toothed  with 
large  and  blunt  teeth.  The  petiole 
smooth  at  the  tip,  a  little  margined. 
(Dec.  Prod.)  A  deciduous  shrub  or 
low  tree.  Portugul  to  Tauria,  on 
rocks  in  exposed  situations.  Height 
15ft.  to  soft.  Introduced  in  Wi9 
Flowers  whitish 
green,  in  large 
loose  panicles ; 
July  and  August. 
Fruit  red ;  ripe 
in  October,  rare 
-,  in  England.    De- 

■>.  abuoom.  cayin^lcuves pur- 

plish red. 
TIm  general  babit  oi  this  plant  reaembles  that  of  S-  typhli 


190  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

much  smaller  in  all  its  parts.  The  leaflets  are  about  3  in.  long,  and  j  in.  wide, 
or  a  pale  green,  serrated,  and  in  general  appearance  resembling  the  leaves  of 
the  common  elm.     Culture  as  in  R.  typhina. 

■  6.  Jl.  copalli'n 

I^ttafflaOMit.    Lto.  Spuc.Sm. ;  D«.Prinl.,5.p.fiS.i  Doo'l  M111..»P- T5-i  Tor.  lull  Gr.j.l.p.ilT. 

Spec.  CAar.,  S(c.  Leaf  glabrous  above,  a  little  piloise  beneath,  of  5-:-T  pairs 
of  leaflets,  and  the  odd  onei  leaflets  lanceolate  and  entire.  Petiole  winged 
and  jointed.  Root  stolon iferous.  Flowers  yellow  ureen.  Sexes  dkecioiis. 
(Uec.  Prod.)  A  deciduous  shrub.  Canada  to  FloniU.  Height  3  ft.  to  8  ft. 
Introduced  in  1688.  Flowers  yellowish  green;  July  and  August  Berries 
red  ;  ripe  in  September,     Decaying  leaves  purplish  red, 

Fanetiei,  Three  forms  are  given  by  Torrey  and  Gray !  —  a.  Leaflets  entire, 
usually  acuminate,  which  may  be  consiJereil  as  the  species  :  ^.  Imflets 
coarsely  and  unequally  serrate:  and  y,  leaflets  (about  21)  small,  oblong, 
acute  at  the  base;  obtuse  and  slightly  miicronate  at  the  apex;  petiole  nar 
rowly  winged.    Jacquin  has 

a  S.  c,  2  leucdnlha  Jac.  Hort. 
Schon.,  t.348.— Root  not 
stoloniferous.  Panicles  more 
contracted  than  in  the 
species. 
The  leaves   and   general  habit  of 

the  plant  are  those  of   R.  typhina, 

but  it  seldojn  grows  to  the  height  of 

more  than  4    or  5   feet  in    British 

gardens.     The  branches  are  smooth, 

and   the    leaflets   entire   with  acute  - 

points;  they  are  light  green  on  both 

sides,  and  in  autumn  change  to  a  fine 

purple.     The  petiole,  as  in   R.  Can- 
aria,  is  somewnat  winged  towards  its 

tip,  which,  with  other  circumstances, 

induces  us  to  ihink  that  tliey  may  both 

Ire  varieties  of  the  same  species.   The 

leaves  are  used  as   tobacco   by  tlie  ijj.  «[,6„,p,iii,» 

InJians  of  the  Missouri  and  the  Ml-sisjippi. 

■»  1  7.R.  Toiicode'ndhon  L.  The  Poison-Tree  Rhus,  or  Sumad. 

Spec.  Char.,  j-e.  Stem  erect,  decumbent,  or  climbing  by  radicles.  Leaves  3- 
foliolate,  souiewhat  pubescent ;  leaflets  (membranaceous)  broadly  oval  oi 
rhomboid,  acuminate,  entire  or  toothed,  the  lateral  ones  inequilateral.  Pa- 
nicles racemed,  axillary,  subsessile.  Drupe  subglobose,  smooth.  (  Tinrey  mtd 
Gratf.)  A  low  rambling  or  climbing  shrub.  Canada  to  GeorL:ia,  in  shady 
damp  places.  Stems  10  ft.  to  SO  ft.  as  a  climber ;  or  3  H.  to  5  ft.  high  as  ■ 
bush.  Iniroducedin  IMO.  Flowersgreenish,mostlyditEciou3;  Juneand  July. 
Berry  pale  chestnut;  ripe  in  September.  Decaying  leaves  purplish  red. 

TarieHei,     The  following  forms  are  given  by  Torrey  and  Gray  :  — 

.*R.  T.  I  qafrd/ofium  Tor.  &  Gray.  R.  T.  ;Efuercif61ium  JfioLr.  — Not 
climbing ;  leaves  entire,  or  variously  end  insularly  slnuatedly 
toothed,  or  lobed.  The  R.  Toxicodendron  of  the  London  gardens, 
readily  distinguished  from  the  two  following  varieties,  by  its  deeply 
sinuated,  or  almost  pinnatifid,  leaflets.    It  growl  to  the  height  ot 


XXIV.    ANACARDIA^CEf :    AMU'S.  191 

3  ft.  to  4  ft.  with  lereral  upright  items,  foiming  a  small  buth,  truDi 
the  base  of  whIchproceeU  manj  prosimle  runners. 
SR.T.2  radiant  Tor. &  Gray.   R.  T.  a  vulgare  Michx. ,  fl.  T.  )3 ra. 
dicana  Tor.  (Bot.  Mag.  t.  1806.  and  N.  Du  Ham.  2.  t.  48.,  and  our 
j%».  868.  and  289.)  —  Climbing;  leaTea  more  commonly  entire,  or 
Dearly   n>.      Tbe  Rhus  radicans 
of  tbe   London  gardens,  readily 
known  from  the  preceding  vaiietj 
hy  iti  trailing  or  climbiDg  atm, 
and  b;  ita  entire  leaflets. 


,1  1  R.  T.  3  micTtKArpon  Tor.  &  Gray  R.  Toxicodendron  y  microcarpon 
Mkhx. —  leaves  oval -oblong ;  fruit  &iDBlier, 

These  varieties,  whicit  have  been  hitherto,  for  the  most  part,  treated  as 
beloi^ng  to  two  species,  R.  rsdicans  and  B.  Toxicodi-odron,  are  com- 
mon in  many  parts  of  North  America;  sometimes  covering  the  surface  of 
the  ground  to  a  great  extent,  iind  at  other  times  c1im1>ing  lo  the  top  of  the 
highest  trees,  and  penetraling  the  bark  with  their  fibrous  roots.  The  terri- 
ble eflects  of  their  poison  are  frequent,  and  well  authenticated. 

$  ill.   Lobadium  Dec. 

Std.  Char.  Leaf  of  3  leaflets,  and  palmately  disposed  on  the  tip  of  the  com- 
mon petiole,  cut  in  a  serrate  manner;  the  teeth  large.  Flowers  in  a  dense 
catkin.  Sexes  polygamous.  There  are  two-Iobcd  glands  under  the  ovary, 
alternate  with  the  stamens.  Styles  3,  short,  distinct.  Drupe  rather  com- 
pressed, villose.     Nut  smooth.     Aromatic  shrubs.  {Drc.  Prod.,  ii.  p.  12.) 

J*  8.  S.  AROMiTiCA  Ait,     The 


fyrjii^j.    Torp.  ia  An.  da  Mul,,  S.  p.  Ui.  t.  SO,  i  ud  «r 

Spec.  Char.,  ^e.  Leaves  pubescent  when  young 
(at  length  coriaceous,  ami  often  glabrous)  ;  leaf- 
lets sessile,  rhomboid-ovate,  uneqtially  and  in- 
dsJTcIy  toothed,  the  terminal  one  narrowed  at 
the  base.  {Tor.  and  Gray.)  A  small  aromatic 
shrub.  Penasjlvania  to  Carolina  and  Georgia. 
He«ht  I  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introd.  in  1772.  Flowers 
smdl,  yellow ;  April  and  May,  Fruit  small, 
It^t  red  J  ripe  in  September. 
Drupe*  tbe  *iie  of  a  nnall  pea,  light  red,  more 


192  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

or  less  hispid,  slightly  compressed,  agreeably  acid.  This  species  varies  greatly 
iD  the  degree  of  pubescence  of  the  leaves.  R,  suaveolens  Ait,  oi.tf  differs  io 
havbg  the  leaves  almost  glabrous.  U.  S. 

Other  Species  of  "Rh&s. — Several  names  are  in  the  London  catalogues,  which 
are  synonymes  of  kinds  which  have  been  lost,  or  are  not  distinctly  known  by 
us.  jR.  pumila  Michx,  R,  diversiloba  Tor,  <$-  Gray  (R,  lob^ta  Hook,),  R. 
trilobata  Nutt,^  R,  /aurina  Nutt,^  are  described  in  Torrey  and  Grab's  Floras, 
but  thev  have  not  yet  been  introduced  ;  or,  if  they  have,  they  exist  only  as 
small  plants.  Some  plants  of  Ah  us  have  been  raised  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Gar- 
den, from  seeds  sent  from  the  snowy  mountains  of  Nepal,  which  will  doubtless 
prove  hardy. 

Genus  III. 


DUVAU^il  Kth.    The  Duvaua.  Lin,  Sytt.  Polygamia  Monoe  cia. 

Jdentification.    Kth.  Gen.  Tereb.,  p.  8.  :  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  74. ;  Don*B  MilU  2.  p.  76. 

^nonymes.    5ch)nuB  sp.  Andr. ;  ^m^rli  sp.  Cav. 

Derivation.     Called  Davada,  after  M.  Duvau^  a  French  botinlit,  known  as  the  editor  of  the 

origiaal  edition  of  Richard's  AmUffsedtt  Fruit;  and  for  tome  observations  on  Verdmea,**  (LMXqr, 

in  Bot.  Reg.,  t.  1568.) 

Gen,  Char,  Calyx  persistent,  with  4 — 5  segments.  Corolla  of  4—^5  concave 
petals.  Sexes  monoeciously  polygamous.  Stamens  8 — 10,  inserted  under  a 
pitcher-shaped  calycine  disk,  which  has  as  many  sinuses  and  as  many  teeth 
as  there  are  stamens  :  these  are  opposite  the  sinuses,  half  of  them  opposite 
the  petals,  and  half  alternate  with  them.  Anthers  in  the  fruit-bearing  flowers 
barren.  Ovary  conical.  Styles  3 — 4>.  Stigmas  capitate.  Fruit  a  globose 
drupe,  with  a  leathery  nut. — Chilian  trees  and  shrubs,  becoming  spiny  as 
they  advance  in  growth.  (Dec,  Prod.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  generally  oblonff  or 
ovate,  toothed,  small.  Flowers  in  axillary  racemes,  greenish  yellow. — There 
are  four  species  in  cultivation,  which  are  all  very  handsome  evergreen  bushes, 
with  bright  shining  foliage. 

The  foliage  emits,  when  bruised,  a  strong  but  not  unpleasant  odour,  of 
the  nature  of  turpentine.  The  leaves  of  D.  ovata,  and,  doubtless,  those  of 
every  sfiecies  of  Duvaua,  when  thrown  upon  water,  move  about  in  a  manner 
which  may  be  com|3ared  to  a  fleet  of  ships  employed  in  manceuvring,  or  to 
persons  engaged  in  dancing.  Seeds  have  been  produced  plentifully  in  the 
Hort.  Soc.  Garden  by  D.  dep^ndens,  trained  to  a  south  wall :  and  seeds  of 
D.  latifblia  are  often  imported  from  Chili.  Cuttings  of  the  ripe  wood  root 
in  sand,  under  a  bell-glass,  in  a  gentle  heat.  D.  depcndens  was  but  little 
injured  at  Kew,  in  the  Chelsea  Botanic  Garden,  and  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden, 
by  the  winter  of  1837-8  ;  and  D.  ovata  was  not  injured  at  all,  and  maybe 
considered  as  an  evergreen  shrub,  as  hardy  in  the  climate  of  London  as  Aris- 
totelia  Mdcqtd, 

si   I.  D.  depf/ndens  Dec.    The  drooping-^a»c^(/  Duvaua. 

Identification.    Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  74. ;  Don's  Mill ,  2.  p.  76. 

Synonymes.    yf  m^ris  pol^'gaina  Cav.  Icon.  3.  p.  20.  t.  239. ;  5chlnus  dep6ndens  Ort.  Deead.  8.  p,  108.; 

Duvada  depcndens  •  Hook.  Bot.  Migc.  2.  p.  176. 
Engravings.    Cay.  Ic,  t.  239. ;  Bot  Reg.,  L  1&73. ;  and  our  Jig.  291. 

Spec,  Char,,  <J-c.  Leaves  mostly,  especially  U()on  the  flower-bearing  branches, 
obovate,  and  very  obtuse,  Dr  even  emurginate,  with  scarcely  any  denticu- 
lations.  Racemes  scarcely  exceeding  the  leaves  in  length.  Stamens  mostly 
10.  Flowers  smaller  than  those  of  D.  ovata.  (LindL)  An  evergreen  cree ; 
in  British  gardens  a  wall  shrub.    Chili«    Height  in  England  10  ft.  to  12ft. 


XXIV,  anacardia'cck  :   duvau'^, 

Introduced  in  I  TOO.   Flowers  yellowish  white  ; 

Jane  and  July.     Dcrries  black  i  ripe  n  Sept. 

Tbere  is  an  old  plant  in  the  Botanic  Garden 
It  Kcw,  and  a  tree  in  the  Chelsea  ISotaiiic  Oai^ 
dm,  vhich  is  IS  ft.  high,  with  a  trunk  T  in.  in 
ciicumrerence.  The  plant  in  the  Hurt.  Soc. 
(niden  passed  seven  winter?  against  a  wall  with 
luuthem  exposure,  till  the  winter  of  lb3T-8, 
wben  it  was  Rilled  down  to  the  ground  ;  but  it 
bu  spiung  up  again  Tigorously. 

■  1  2,  D.  ov*  T*  Lindl.     The  ovateJmcei/  Duvai 

UnUifiailiiia.       Llndl     In     B«. 

^ifc.   Char.,   ^c.     Leavts 
ovate,  toolhetl,  in  moat 

obtuse.      Kacemes  a  little  lunger  than   the   leaves. 
Stamens  mostly  B.    (Uiull.)     An  evergreen  tree  ;  in 
British  Rardcns  a  Ehrub.  Chili,  on  mountains.  Height 
in  the  climate  of  London  6  fl.  to  10  ft.  against  a  wall. 
Introduced  in  1625.     Flowers  yellowish  white ;  June 
and  July.     Berries  black  ;  ripe  in  Sejitember. 
Pn^ably  a  variety  of  the  preceding  species.     It  was 
wholly  uninjured  by  the  winter  of  1837-8,  in  the  Hor- 
ticultural Society's  Garden. 
LATiFOLiA  GUI.    The  broad-leaved  Duvaua. 


«    1    3.  D.    LATIFO' 

iam.    CllLl«MSS.iLllldl.  1nB«,  Bfl.,(.  13*0. 

I.     D.dzpdidiuvkut.  fM.  VIw.i  HulDKbu,  C*itf. 

:i.     BN.fi^..(.[»tU.;aHli>iirA.»3. 

Leaves  oblong,  acute,  coarsely 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c. 

toothed,  so  waved  as  to  seem  m  some  measure 

plicate.  Racemes  dense,  the  length  of  the  leaves. 

Slamens  S.    (Lindl.)     An   evergreen   tree ;    in 

Britiih  gardens  a  shrub.     Chili,  on  mountains. 

Height  6ft.  to  IS  (I.  against  a  wall.     Introduced 

in  1896.  Flowers  greenish  white;  June  and  July. 

Berries  black ;  ripe  in  October. 

"  Whatever,"  observes  Dr.  Lindley,  "  may  be 
thou^t"  of  the  distinctness,  as  species,  "  of  O. 
ovaia  and  D.  dependens,  there  can  be  no  doubt 
tku  D.  latifolia  is  a  totally  distinct  species  ;  for 
not  only  are  the  leaves,  in  their  outline,  surface, 
tod  colour,  and  the  whole  plant  in  its  habit,  very 
[hKrent,  but  we  find  it  maintain  all  its  peculiarities 
nochanged  when  raised  from  seeds."  "•■  ii""i«i"ift"t 

UiktT  Specia  of  DtiTa<i9.—D.  denldta  Dec.,  Schinus  dentata  Sol.  Rep.,  was 
introduced  in  1795,  and  is  doubtless  as  hardy  as  any  of  the  above  kinds  ;  since 
)ll  of  them  are  safest  when  planted  against  a  wall.  Duvaua  tinuAla  Lindl, 
appears  equally  hardy  with  D.  dependena  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  (iarden.  It  diSera 
fbin  the  others  in  producing  the  flowers  before  the  leaves,  and  in  being  deci- 
dwjus.  All  the  species  well  deserve  culture  as  evergreen  bushes,  in  Rhrubberien 
■bere  the  soil  is  dry  and  sandy,  the  situation  sheltered,  and  the  surface  sloping 
to  the  south.  A  coocurrence  of  circumstances  of  this  kind  is  not  unfi^quenl 
Id  country  residences,  both  in  England  and  Scotland  ;  and  two  examples  which 
occur  to  us  at  the  moment  we  are  writing  are.  Bury  Hill  in  Surrey,  and  Blair 
DnipunoDd  in  Stirlingshire. 


194  AltBORETUM    ET    FHUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Order  XXV.     LEGUMINA'CE^. 

Obd,  Char,  Calyx  with  5  divisions,  either  partitions,  teeth,  or  dcfts,  the  odd 
one  anterior  to  the  axis  of  inflorescence.  FruU  a  legume.  Seed  with  the 
radicle  next  the  hilum.  (Lindl,) — Trees  and  shrubs  natives  of  every  climate. 
Leaves  alternate,  stipulate,  generally  compound ;  deciduous,  or  sometimes 
evergreen  ;  petiole  tumid  at  the  base.  Stipules  2  at  the  base  of  the  petiole, 
and  2  at  the  base  of  each  leaflet.  Pedicels  usually  articulated,  with  2  bract- 
lets  under  the  flower. 

The  name  of  Le^uminaceae  is  applied  to  this  extensive  and  truly  natural 
order,  on  account  of  the  seeds  of  all  the  species  beine  produced  in  leguminous 
pods,  bearing  more  or  less  resemblance  to  those  of  the  common  pea  or  bean ; 
and  quite  different  from  the  siliquose  pods  of  cruciferous  plants. 

The  ligneous  species  are  trees  and  shrubs,  for  the  most  part  deciduous ;  and 
they  are  disposed  through  almost  every  part  of  the  world.  The  order  contains 
some  of  our  finest  ornamental  shrubs  and  low  trees,  such  as  Robinia,  Cy'tisus, 
Wistaria,  Genista,  CTlex,  Am6rpha,  Halimod^ndron,  ^Icacia,  Oleditschia, 
Cercis,  and  various  others.  It  also  contains  some  considerable  trees,  which 
belong  to  the  genera  Robinia,  Gleditschio,  Sophora,  &c.  The  senera  con- 
taining hardy  ligneous  plants  are  in  number  twenty-three,  which,  after  De 
Candolle  and  G.  Don,  we  place  in  characterised  sections,  and  ascribe  to  them 
short  characters,  that  are  more  or  less  contradistinctive. 

Sect.  I.  Sopho'rrs, 

Sect.  Char.  Corolla,  in  most,  papilionaceous.  Stamens  10,  with  the  fila- 
ments distinct.  L^ume  not  jointed.  Cotyledons  flat,  leafy.  Embrjo 
with  the  radicle  beside  the  edges  of  the  cotyledons.  Leaves  simply  pm- 
natc,  or  simple. 

SnpHO^RA  R.  Br.    Legume  necklace-shaped,  including  many  seeds.    Leaf  with 

more  than  three  leaflets. 
ViKGi^LM  Lam.     Legume  compressed,  including  many  seeds.     Leaf  with 

more  than  three  leaflets. 
PiPTA^NTHUS  Swt.    Legume  compressed,  including  6  seeds.    Leaf  with  its 

leaflets  3. 

Sect.  n.  Lo\ejr. 

Sect.  Char,  Corolla  papilionaceous.  Stamens  10,  the  filaments  of  ail  con- 
nate, or  those  of  9  connate,  and  that  of  one  distinct.  Legume  not  jointed. 
Embryo  with  the  radicle  beside  the  edges  of  the  cotyledons.  The  coty- 
ledons flattish  ;  in  germination,  converted  into  leaves  furnished  with 
stomata.     Leaves  simply  pinnate,  or  simple. 

U^LEX  L.  Calvx  2-parted,  5-toothed.  Legume  oval-oblong,  tur^d,  scarcely 
longer  than  the  calyx,  containing  but  few  seeds,  though  the  ovules  are 
many.     Habit  spiny. 

.^PA^RTiUM  Dec.  Standard  roundish.  Keel  acuminate.  Branches  ruab-like. 
Leaf  simple. 

Gem'sta  Lam.  Standard  oblong-oval.  Keel  oblong,  not  wholly  including 
the  stamens  and  pistils.    Leaves  with  3  leaflets,  or,  in  some,  simple. 

Cr^Tisus  Dec.  Standard  ovate.  Keel  very  obtuse,  including  the  stameDs 
and  pistil.     Leaves,  in  all,  with  three  leaflets. 

Adknoca'^rpus  Dec,  Stamens  with  the  filaments  connate.  Legume  bearing 
stalked  glands  all  over  it. 

Ono^nis  L.  Calyx  with  5  linear  segments.  Standard  striate.  Legume  con- 
taining few  seeds ;  in  most,  turgid. 

Amo'rpha  L,     Corolla  consisting  of  the  standard  only. 

Eysbnha'rdtia  H,  4*  B.    Corolla  with  the  standard,  and  2  keel  petals  distinct. 

RoBi'siA  Dec.  Legume  flat ;  that  edge  to  which  the  teeds  are  attached 
margined.    Leaf  impari-pinnate. 


XXV.    LEGUMINA^CEiE :    SOPHO^RA.  195 

C ARAGATS  A  Lam.     Legume  rather  cylindrical.     Leaf  abruptly  pinnate. 

Hjilivode'ndron  Fisch.  Legume  stipitate,  inflatecl,  bladdery.  Leaf 
abruptly  pinnate. 

Calo'phaca  Fudu  Stamens  with  the  filaments  of  9  connate,  that  of  one 
distinct.  Legume  sessile,  with  concave  valves  bearing  hairs,  some  soft, 
some  rigid  and  glanded. 

Cbi^uH^A  R,  Br,    Legume  stipitate,  much  inflated,  glabrous. 

ifeTRA'GALUS  Dec,  Legume  with  its  lower  suture  so  bent  in  towards  the  op- 
posite one  as  to  cause  the  legume  to  seem,  more  or  less,  l^elled. 

Sect.  IIL   /fEDYSA^RBA. 

Sect,  Char,  Corolla  papilionaceous.  Stamens  usually  with  the  filaments 
connate  in  one  of  three  modes;  the  10  connate;  9  connate  and  one 
distinct ;  or  connate  by  fives :  in  a  few  cases  all  are  distinct.  Legume 
dividing  transversely  into  I -seeded  joints,  called  loments.  Embryo  with 
the  radicle  beside  the  edges  of  the  cotyledons,  which  are  flattish,'and,  in 
germination,  are  converted  into  leaves  furnished  with  stomata.  Leaves 
simply  pinnate,  or  simple. 

CoRONi^LLA  Neck,  Calyx  campanulate,  usually  shorter  than  the  claws  of  the 
petals.     Carina  acute.    Stamens  diadelphous.     Seeds  ovate,  or  cylindrical. 

Sect.  IV.  Phaseo^ejb. 

Sect.  Char,  Corolla  papilionaceous.  Stamens  usually  with  9  filaments 
connate,  and  one  distinct.  Legume  not  jointed,  including  many  seeds, 
that  are  separated  firom  one  another  with  a  cellular,  transverse,  membrane- 
ous partition,  that  is  in  some  cases  not  complete.  Embryo  with  the 
radicle  beside  the  ed^  of  the  cotyledons,  which  are  thick,  and,  in  ger- 
mination, dther  remain  under  ground,  or  are  changed  into  thick  leaves 
that  scarcely  have  stomata.    Leaves  simply  pinnate,  or  simple. 

WisTA^i^  Nutt.    Leaf  impari-pinnate. 

Sect.  V.  Cassib^jb. 

Sect,  Char,  Corolla,  in  most  of  the  species,  of  equal  petals;  in  some  sub- 
papilionaceous.  Stamens  with  the  filaments  distinct.  Leaves  doubly 
or  triply  pinnate ;  in  some  simple. 

Glsdi^tschi^  L.      Sexes  dioeciously  polygamous.     Corolla  of  3 — 5  equal 

petals.    Legume  in  most  long  and  narrow.     Seeds  compressed.    Leaves 

c»ropoundly  divided.    Bearing  prickles  in  most. 
Gtmko'cladus  Lam,    Sexes,  by  defect,  dioecious.    Corolla  of  5  equal  petals. 

Legume  compressed  and  broad.     Seeds  scarcely  compressed.      Leaves 

ccxnpoundly  divided. 
Cb'^rcis  L,    Sexes  hermaphrodite.    Corolla  sub-papilionaceous,  of  5  unequal 

petals    the  nde  ones,  or  wings,  longer  than  the  others.    Leaves  siciple. 


Sect  I.     SOPHO^REJE. 


SOPHCtRA  R.  Br.  Thb  Sopbora.    Lin,  Syat,  Dec&ndria  Monogynia 

UtnMeaaom,    R.  Brown  in  Hort.  Kev.,  ed.  2. ;  Dee.  Prod.,  3.  p.  96. ;  Don*«  Min..  %  d.  ino 
!^amtm!rSopli^mwpet.Lm.  Gtn.  No.  SOS.  ^    '''^- 

DtHmUam,    Altered  fktmi  aopkero,  the  Arabic  name  of  a  papilioDaeeouc  flowering  tree. 

O  2 


I9fi  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BBITANNICUM. 

Gen.  Char.  Cidyx  5-toothed,  campanulate  at  the  base,  or  somenhat  attenu- 
ated. Petalt  of  the  keel  usually  concrete  at  the  apex.  Legatar  somewhat 
monilifonn,  wingless,  many-seeded.  (Don'i  MiU.) 

Leavet  impan-pin Date,  with  11  — 13  leadeta,  generally  eiatipulate.  Flowcn 

.  yellow,  white,  or  blue,  in  simple  racemes,  or  panicles. — The  only  hardy 
species  are  deciduous  trees,  nativea  of  Japan  or  China. 

I  1.  5.  japo'nica  L.    The  Japan  Sophora. 

W<«((1m«oh.    LLnJOnt.,  ja.  1  Dn.  Prod.,Sp.  98,L  Don'i  MLIL,  S-p,  109. 

SnrrQpima.    Hed.  In  N.   Du  Hacnr,  S.L21.1  Der.  Lfiguin.,  t-  4.  f.  ]-;  Ulfi  pImU  oT  thil  nKJet  La 

Spec.  Oiar.,  /fc.  Leaves  pinnate,  with  II — 13  leaflets,  which  are  oblong- 
ovate,  acute,  and  smooth  ;  panicle  loose,  terminal ;  pods  smooth.  A  de- 
ciduous tree  of  the  middle  size.  Japan.  Height  40  ft.  to  50  fl.  Intro- 
duced in  1763.  '  Flowers  cream-coloured;  August  and  September.  Pods 
rarely  produced  in  England.  Decaying  leaves  yellow  ana  green.  Naked 
young  wood  dark  green,  like  that  or.7u:inunum  officinille. 
Vaneliei. 

X  S.  J.  2  variegdtn  Hort.  has  the  leaves  variegated,  but  is  not  worth 

cultivating  as  an  ornamental  plant. 
t  S.  j.  3  pendida  Hort.,  and  the  plate  of  this  tree  in  our  1st  edit. 
ToL  v.,  has  pendulous  shoots,  and  is  a  very  remaricable  variety. 
Grafteid  near  the  ground,  the  shoots  run  along  the  surface,  like  those 
of  a  trailing  plant,  to  a  very  great  distance  from  the  main  stem  ;  in 
t!Ood  soil,  a  shoot  extending  itself  6  or  H  feet  in  one  season. 
Grafted  at  the  height  of  10  or  20  feet  or  upwards,  the  shoots  hang 
down,  and  form  one  of  the  most  ornamental  of  pendulous  trees, 
both  in  summer  and  winter. 


A  round-headed  tree,  readily  distinguished  in  winter  by  the  fine,  smooth, 
dark  green  bark  of  its  young  wood  and  imatler  branches ;  and,  in  summer,  by 
the  dark  blue  green  of  its  foliage.  In  deep  free  soil,  it  grows  with  great  rs- 
pidity,  seedlings  attaining  the  lieipht  of  10  or  12  feet  in  4  or  5  years ;  and 
in  20  or  30  years,  in  the  ndghbourhood  of  London,  30  or  40  feet.  There  are 
large  specimens  in  England,  which  flower  freely;  but  they  have  never  yet 
ripenecf  seeds  :  indeed,  the  tree  ripens  seeds  ui  France  only  in  the  very 
wannest  seasons.  The  wood  is  very  hard  and  compact,  as  much  so,  it  is  said, 
as  that  of  the  box.  The  bark  exhales  a  strong  odour,  which,  it  is  stated  in 
the  Nouveau  Da  Hamel,  produces  irolic  and  purging  on  those  who  prune  the 


Vxr.  legumina\:e£:  viRGi'Li^f.  197 

tree,  or  otherwise  work  with  the  wood  in  a  green  state.  Little  eppeara  to 
be  koown  of  the  uses  of  the  tree  in  Cbioa  and  Japan :  but  it  is  sud  that  the 
fruit  a  employed  to  dye  a  fine  yellow ;  and  the  Sowers  for  dyeing  a  yellow  of 
BO  Huperior  a  hue,  that  it  is  exclusively  rexenred  for  dyeing  stulTii  to  be  worn 
by  the  members  of  the  imperial  rBmily.  None  of  the  artioreouij  L^uminicete 
ire  eijual  to  this  tree  in  beauty  of  foliage  and  bark.  Its  flowers,  when  they 
ire  produced,  are  lUo  iu  large  terminal  compound  ipikes,  and  Tery  con- 
•picuous,  though  much  smaJler  than  those  of  uie  Robtnia  viscosa.  One  re- 
markable propertj  in  the  foliage  of  the  aophora  is,  that  the  very  hottest  and 
diieat  seasons  do  not  turn  it  pale,  or  cause  it  to  drop  off,  as  heat  does  that  of 
most  of  the  other  pinnated-ietiTed  L^umink;es.  The  pendulous  variety  is 
well  deserving  of  culture  as  an  object  of  ■inguiarity  and  beauty;  and,  wh^re 
it  is  desired  to  cover  a  surface  with  intense  green  foliage  during  summer,  lor 
exBDiple,  a  dry  hillock,  a  plant  of  this  variety,  nluced  on  the  ccutre,  will  ac- 
complish the  purpose  eflectually.  The  tree  will  thrive  in  any  free  soil ;  but, 
ia  cold  climates,  it  ought  to  be  placed  in  one  rather  poor  and  dry  tiial  it  may 
be  compelled  to  make  shorter  shoots;  which,  of  course,  being  le!K  succulent, 
are  more  easily  ripened.  It  is  generally  propagated  by  seeds  imported  from 
France :  but,  where  it  is  desired  to  have  trees  tliat  will  soon  come  into  (lower, 
seedling  plants  should  be  grafted  with  scions  from  a  flowering  tree.  It  will 
grow  by  cuttings,  more  etpecially  of  the  roots,  and  also  by  layers. 

■  8.  S.  hbptapht'lla  L.    The  T-leaf- 
leted  Sophora. 

Urmhjkm/iat-    Un.  Spec,  '»3.i  Dte.  Pnd.,  1 
E^fTwrntfi,    Bmnph.  Ad.,  4.  p.  H.  L  19.  ;  iDd  dot 

:^r.  Char.,  ij-c.     Leaflets  7,  glabrous. 

{Uim'i  Mill.y     A  deciduous  shrub. 

China.     Hci^t  6 II.     Introduced  in 

IH30.     Flowers  yellow;  October. 

There  are  plants  of  S.  heptaph^lla  in 
the  Hort.  Soc  Garden,  which  have 
flowered  and  appear  to  be  quite  hardy, 
but  as  tbef  do  not  exactly  agree  %vith 
Rumphius's  figure,  especially  in  the 
number  of  leaflets,  we  wish  our  engrav- 
ing to  be  considered  as  of  doubtful 
ouibentici^.  The  living  plants  alluded 
to  are  sufficiently  distinct,  and  deserve 
B  place  in  collections.  ,^  j,rti..i»piBii.,n. 


H 


VlROl-LU  L.    Th8  ViROTi.1*.    Im.  .%(.  DecSndria  Monogjnia. 

UnlifcaUpm.    LBii.nLt.J46.!  Pen.  Eneh.,  1.  p. «».;  B.  BrownlaHort.  Kew.,»d.».ioLI,p.4.j 

rut  p™i.,».p.9e.i  DDii'imii.,«.p.  111.     '       '  *~  ' 

SirfKtibs.    KwudbjrLuiurdilBboDourDr  thepoet  rirr'.'baHOniriKintillcliliDtotiolBlie 

Gen.  Char.  Cidt/x  5-cte(^  Petah  5,  about  equal  in  length.  FetiUum  with 
the  edces  not  reflexed.  Stigma  beardless.  Legume  compressed,  oblong, 
E-Taived,  inany-seeiled.  (Don'i  MiU.) 

Lroiwf  compound,  impari. pinnate,  deciduous  ;  with  9 — 1 1  leaflets.  Floweri 
yellow,  in  racemei.  —  There  is  only  one  hardy  species,  adeciduoiu  low  tree, 
o  3 


I90  ARBORETUM    ET   FBUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

T  1.  V.  LU^BA.  AfuAx.  Tlie  ye]loii-iModeiI  Virgilia,  or  Velloa  Wood. 
Utnnfieatlan.    Hldii.  FIL  Arb.  Aii>er..a.p.M6. 1.  S.i  Dec.  Pnd.,  t.  p. M. ;  Dod-iMiII.,1.  p.  111. 
tEUlr*»iiArlBrii..r««ll"  ToL.T.;.idourJVS9B.  '  "      ""■'■''■       "         ' 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  pinnate;  leaflets  9 — 11;  alternate,  of  ate,  pointed, 

nnooih.     A  dedcluDUd  tree.     North  America.     On  the  Diouniaios  of  Cuni- 

berland,  and  the  Misaisaippi.     Hi;ight  in  Auieriua  -10  ft.;  10  ft.  to  90  ft.  in 

England.     Introduced  in   1819.      Flowers  yellowish  white,  in  penduloiu 

racemes ;  June  to  Aui;ust.     Foda  never  produced  in  England.     Decaying 

leaves  rich  yellow.     Naked  young  wood  yellowish  brown. 

The  leaves,  on  young  trees,  are  from  1  ft,  to  IJ  ft.  in  length,  and  on  oldtreea 

not  above  halt'  that  size.     The  flowers  form  white  pendulous  racemes,  a  little 

larger  than  those  of  the  Rohlnia  'Bseiidt-Acirm,  but  not  ao  odoriferous.     The 

seeds  are  like  those  of  the  robinia,  and,  in  America,  ripen  about  the  middle 


of  August.  In  Britain,  the  tree  has  flowered  in  the  Chelsea  Botanic  Gar- 
den, and  at  Ilylands  in  Essex,  but  has  not  yet  produced  pods.  An  open  wj 
situation  is  desirable,  in  order  that  the  tree  may  ripen  its  wood;  and,  to  &- 
cilitatc  the  same. purpose  where  the  climate  is  cold,  the  soil  ought  to  be  dry 
rather  than  rich.  In  the  London  nurseries,  it  is  propagated  chiefly  by  Ame- 
rican seeds,  but  it  vrill  doubtless  grow  by  cuttings  of  the  roots. 

Gknus  111. 


a 


PIPTATJTHUS  Swt.    The  Pipta.ithus.    Un.  Syil.    Dedtadria 
Monogynla. 


XXT.    LEGtlMlNA'cEf:    I/YeX.  199 

Gen.  fSar.  Co^  bllabiBte ;  lower  lip  trifid,  upper  lip  S-lobed;  at^inctita 
soon  blUng  off.  PetaU  deciduous.  Vexiltum  large,  obcordate,  ntli'^cent. 
tfiap  cuneated.  Aer/ cucullace.  accumbent.  Staiiient  \0  i  treu,  deciiluouA. 
Stigma  minute.  Legume  broad-ISiear,  compressed,  fl-seeded,  stipitate. 
{DoH't  MUt.) 

Leaoet  compound,  trifoliate,  stipulate,  sub-evcip'ecn  ;  leaflets  elliptical- 
oblong,  acute,  broad.  Flomeri  Urge,  jellow,  —  One  species  only  in  Britiali 
gardens. 

a  ■  I.  P.  nevale'nsis  Suit.     The  Nepal  Piptsnlhus. 
UrmtHUallmt.    Swt.  Fl..Ginln  iSi. :  Dec.  Pmd.  1  Doa'i  Hlll..3.p.  m 

Spmifmri.  Tlirmi«p>l>  J:U>urnir>lli  D.  DimFrad.  H.  Ktp.  t-OS-,  4iug}rli  IndJcl  WaU.  ItSS.; 
BnptliU  Dcpilf Dill  ^oot.  Eiat.  Fl.  1.  iH. 

Spec.  Char.,  if  r.  Leaves  infuliolate ;  leaflets  elliptical- oblong,  acute,  broad. 
Stipules  8,  large.  A  sub-evergreen  shrub.  Nepal.  Hcij^ht  STt.  to  lOfl. 
Introduced  in  1821.  flowers  ricii  yellow  i  May  aiid  June.  Pod  green. 
turning  to  brown  J  ripe  in  UL'tobcr.  Decaying  leaves  yellow  and  green.  Naked 
young  wood  dark  green. 

Tbe  young  leaves  are  silky  i  and  the  flowers  are  of  a  bright  yellow,  and  are 
mucb  kirger  than  those  of  the  common  labiunum,  to  which  they,  and  also  the 
leaves  and  the  shoots,  bear  a  general 
resembtunce.     In    British   gardens   it 
may  he  considered  as  rather  tender,  i 
and   not   of   many   years'   duration;  U 
nevertheless,  in  fine  seasons,  it  ripens  \ 
abundance  of  seeds.     It  may  be  pro- 
pagated by  cuttings  of  the  roots,  and    " 
of  the  shoots,  as  well  as  by  seeds  or 
7  layers.    In  most  of  the  counties  north 
or  Loudon,  the  sofetit  situulion  for  it 
will  be  against  a  wall ;  and  it  well  de- 
serves a  place  there,  on  account  of      "*■  ''■"*^™"''™-'* 
It  deep  green  foliage,  and  taipe  bright  jellow  flowers.     At\%)-t\ 
a  Wail.,  Mr.  Gordon  considers  as  differing  a  little  from  the  species. 


traJ 

ler,  f 
=ns^ 


Sect.  II.    Z.o'te«. 


□ 


CTLEX  L.   Thb  Fukzb.    IAh.  Sytt.  Monaddphia  Dedbidria. 

.itn.  DI.,I.ei.;  Dee.Prod.,  !.p.lM.;   Dun-iUill..!.  p.lM. 
ii^  Celtic,  ■  point  i  InrefcnDce  tatbeprlckljbruchei. 
Gen.  Char.     Calyx  bibracteate,  bipartite,  one  of  the  lips  3-tuothed,  the  other 
bidentste.     Slanteru  all   connected.     Legume   oval-oblong,    turgid,  nuuiy- 
OTuUte,  but  few-seeded,  hardly  longer  than  the  calyx. 

Leaoet  simple,  linear,  caducous,  often  changing  into  spines.      Flowcri 
•olitary,  yellow. 

Branchy  spinous  shrubs,  evergreen  from  the  colour  of  the  bark,  with  yellow 
flowef*,  natives  of  Europe,  which  will  grow  in  any  tolerably  good  soil  that  is 
ilry ;  and  are  readily  propagated  by  seeds,  or  by  cuttings  planted  in  sand. 


■   FRUIICliTWM    1 


m    1.   C7-LBX  E 


F^rcirs™ 


dpa'*  L.    The  European, 


-  common,  Fime,  or  IV/ini, 


Geail  «pl»i 


.,, , ,  _.  ..iddintri  Pi 

Prickly  Brooms;  Ajcaic  '  -      ■ 

Engravings-    tlngr  Bot,  t. 

Sjicc.  Char.,  4:c.  Leaves  lanceolale.  linear,  Branchlets  villous. 
ovute,  luose.  Calyx  pubescent.  An  erect  coiii[>act  bush,  evergreen,  from 
the  coluur  of  the  bark.  Middle  and  tjouth  of  Europe,  on  graTelly  soils ; 
imd  in  Britain  on  hills.  Height  2rt.tu  jtl. ;  in  ifieUePed  woods,  lOft. 
Flowers  rich  yellow  ;  February  to  Hay,  and  in  mild  winters  September 
to  May.  Pod  brown ;  ripe  in  August. 
Varielia. 

m  V.  e.  2JIore  plena  has  double  Bowers,  and  is  a  splendid  plant  when 

profusely  covered  with  blossoms,  well  adapted  for  small  ^rdens,and 

easily  increased  by  cuttings. 

U.  prorweialii  and  \f,  ilricia  are   probably   only  varieties   of   U.  eu< 

mpn'a,  but,  as  they  m:iy  iHiasibly  beloiiii  to  U.  nuna,  we  have  kept  them 

distinct,  and  treated  tbu:ii  as  botanical  species  01 

The  common   furze,  in   Caernarvonshire,  grows 

lo  the  height  of  IJUOft.  above  the   sea,  in  open, 

airy,  warm  situations  ;   but  in  damp  shaded  valleys, 

not  hi^lier  than  600  ft. 

In   the  North   of  Enf 

land,accordingto  Winch, 

it  forms  fine  fox  covers 

at  800  or  UOO  feet ;  and 

grows,  in  warm  sheltered 

situations,  at   £000  (t. 

k  At  Inverness,  it  is  found 

to  the  height  oflldOtt. 

About   Tongue,  in   the 

north -west    of    Suiher- 


.laturalised,  it   scarcely  i 


bruised,  and  given  lo  cattle  and  horses  in  a  green 
nutritive  as  fodder;  and  for  this  purpose  the  variety 
ferabic,  on  account  of  the  absence  of  prickles.  The  i 
is  chiefly  desirable  in  situations  where  the  hawthorn 
thrive;  because  the  furze  is  not  a  plant  of  long  dun 
young  trees,  it  is  sometimes  sown  where  acorns,  beei  h  1 
to  be  sown,  or  young  trees  are  to  be  planted.  The 
state  is  chiefly  as  fuel  for  bakers'  ovens,  for  brick,  tile, 
lighting  hres.     In  Scotland,  it  is  sometimes  used 


iduced,    but    is   now 

IS  350  h.  of  elevation.     Thq  young  branches, 
'   '  found  highly 


■  furie  for  hedges 
)r  the  holly  will  not 
ion.     As  a  shelter  ro 

BfitB,  or  chestnuts  are 
ie  of  furze  in  a  dead 
nd  lime  kilns,  and  fur 
ilns  for  drying  oats. 
In  England,  a  common  use  of  it  is  to  weave  into  the  sides  of  hovels  for 
sheltering  cattle,  to  prevent  them  Irom  rubbing  against  them.  In  gardens, 
the  points  of  the  shoots  are  chopped  into  pieces  of  about  I  in.  in  length,  and 
dropped  into  the  drills  in  which  peas  are  sown,  before  the  seeds  are  covered ; 
and,  the  earth  being  drawn  over  them  and  trod  down,  they  are  found  ell't.'ctu- 
alJy  to  rcaint  the  attacks  of  mice  and  small  birds.  In  Fmnce,  the  chopped 
brunches  are  mixed  with  cow-dung,  and  the  mixture  aJVerwards  lormi^d  into 
bricks,  which  are  dried  in  the  sun,  and  used  as  fuel.  The  seeds,  if  they  could 
be  procured  in  sufficient  quantity,  would,  if  eround  into  Hower,  form  u  nutri- 
tive food  both  for  tattle  and  swine :  they  retiun  their  vital  pniperty  for  several 
years.  In  Britany,  large  heaps  are  formed  of  alternate  layers  of  turf  and 
dricdfnrze  branches;  and,  the  whole  being  set  lire  to,  the  ashes  are  preserved 
as  manure.  In  many  porta  of  both  France  and  England,  the  ashes  of  dry 
furze  branches  are  used  as  a  lye  for  washing  linen.  A  pound  of  seeds,  which, 
in  London,  coals  from  fid.  lo  li.,  will  sow  an  acre  broad-cast,  or  a  dnll  of  k 


XXV.    LEOUMtNACE^:    t/ LEX.  201 

mile  in  length  u  a  hedge.  The  double-dowered  and  the  liistigiiite  varietiea  are 
propagated  by  cutting! :  the  latter,  when  wanted  for  Bgricultural  purpoies, 
nnj  be  bedded  in,  like  box,  in  a  Bandy  soil  rather  moist,  in  the  beginiuog  of 
Septemberj  and  by  the  folloning  spring  they  will  be  fit  to  transplant. 

a'na  Font.     The  dwarf  Furze. 

e.  i  Eiw.  BoL,  1. 741. 1  I>«.  Prod,  1.  p.  IM  I  Dm't  Mill. 

U,  ;  f/,  ePTOpvNjt  fi  Lin.  Spec.  IMS. 
.    Eni-Bu^l.  141.1  wuIourjV>9°l-*i><l*03-  ^ 

Sper.  Char.,  cjr.  Branches  nnd  leaves  smooth,  the  latter  linear.  Calyx  gla- 
brous, with  spreading  narrow  teeth.  According  to  Smith,  the  essential 
character  coDsists  in  the  more  distinct  and  tpreading  calyx  teeth,  and  the 
more  niinnie,  rounded,  close-pressed,  and  oflcn  hardly  discernible,  brac- 
teaa.     An  evergreen,  compact,  low,  spiny  shrub.    Britain  and  the  western 

Cof  France,  on  poor  gravelly  soils.  Height  2 — 3  (I.  Flowers  ricii  yel- 
August  to  December.  P<kIs  brown  ;  ripe  in  December. 
A  %ery  distioct  sort,  though, 
from  the  Tery  different  and  more 
luxuriant  habit  which  the  plant 
hu  when  cultifaied  in  gardens 
on  rich  soils,  we  have  no  tloiibt  of 
its  being  only  a  variety  of  U.  eu- 
npar'a.  In  its  native  habitats,  it 
is  easily  dbtinguished  from-  that 
ipecies  by  its  low  growth,  seldom 
eiceeding  9fl.  in  height;  by  its 
being  much  smaller  in  oil  its  parts; 
by  its  decumbent  habit ;  and  by  its 
Bowering  from  the  end  of  August  ' 
till  the   beginning  of  December,      "''  "-"'""* 

and  seldom  at  any  other  season.  Very  ne:it  low  hedges  und  edging*  may  be 
funned  of  it. 

■  3.  If.  (b.)  pbotinci*'i.is  Loit.    The  Provence  Furie. 
Unbtoaliim.    Loll.  Not..  109.1  DKprod..  t.p.  IM.;  Dod'i  HiU..3.  p.  I4S.I 

«<Wi  Im  HliiHui.,  M. 
lfm.^m,.    tri«  ■uilrUli  OrmliU. 
tagrmtgl.    Loll.  Not.,  t-  6.  r.  &  !  Uld  OUTj^,  30^ 

Sptc.  Char.,  4''^-  Calyx  rather  pubescent,  with  lanceolate  distant 
teeth.  An  erect,  evergreen,  compact  shrub;  intermediale, in 
all  its  parta  and  in  its  habit,  between  U,  europc^a  and  U. 
nana.  Provence,  Andegavany,  and  Mauritania.  Height  3  ft. 
to4ft.     Introduced  in  1820.     Flowers  rich  yellow  ;  August  « 

W  December.     Pod  brown ;  ripe  in  December.  X''! 

Whatever  doubts  there  may  be  as  to  U.  nana  being  a  distinct  /  J 
ipedes,  there  can  be  none  as  to  this  sort  being  only  a  variety,  t  » 
K\  an  evergreen  ahrub,  flowering  freely  ;  il  well  deserves  a  place     ft^ 

Ul  collections.  >■»-    ".  prmtacUia 

•  4.   U.  (b.)  STmi'cTA  Mackny.     The  upright-jrcioo^,  or  Inth,  Furze. 

Mnfifatifli.    Huklr'i  LIU  ot  Irlih  PUnU  I  Hook.  Brit.  Pl.,p.  JIT. 
Inoifua.    U.  biUtnka  Doo'j  MUl.  1.  p.  ]<e.  i  U.  luUjUu  Ban. 
ifrmimf.    Oar  Jf       ■'^V-       ■ 

Spee.  Char.,  !ic.  Habit  erect,  narrow,  and  compact.  Spines  few  or  none  ; 
and  what  there  are,  weak,  branched,  laafy,  and  pubescent.  An  erect,  com- 
pact, evergreen  shrub.  Ireland.  Height  <i  It.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in 
Vi\b.  Flowers  yellow,  rarely  produced  ;  August  to  December.  Pod 
broMn  1  ripe  in  December. 
Kscovcred  in   the  Marquess  of   Londonderry's  Park,   in  the   county  of 


^02 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


Down,  in  1815,  or  before.  It  is  very  upright  in  its  growth,  and  attains  the 
height,  in  good  soils,  of  from  6  ft.  to  10  ft.  in  as  many  years.  Its  branches 
are  so  soft  and  succulent  that  sheep  and  cattle  eat  them  without  injuring  their 
mouths,  and  are  very  fond  of  them.  It  forms  excellent  garden  hedges,  and, 
in  rather  moist  climates,  is  a  most  excellent  forage  plant,  as  has  been  already 
stated  under  U,  europae^.  It  only  rarely  flowers,  and  has  very  seldom  pro- 
duced seeds  ;  but  it  is  easily  propagated  by  cuttings. 

Other  Species  of  V^lex,  —  U.  gienistoidet  Brot.,  U,  mitis  Hort,,  Stauracan- 
thus  aphyllus  Lmk,  is  a  leafless  shrub,  with  the  habit  of  ITlex.;  a  native  of 
Portugal  in  sandy  pine  woods  ;  and  differing  from  UHex  nkaa  chiefly  in  the 
spines  branching  into  two  small  ones  at  the  sides.  It  was  introduced  in  1823 ; 
and  grows  to  the  height  of  1  fl.  to  2  ft.  It  is  rather  tender  in  the  climate  of 
London,  but  sometimes  stands  the  winter  among  rock  work. 

Genus  V. 


JPAHTIUM  Dec.    The  Spartium,  or  Spanish  Broom,    Lm.  Stfst, 

Monad^lphia  Dec&ndria. 

MentifU^tttiSn.    Lin.  Sp.,  995. ;  Dec.  Prod..  8.  p.  145. ;  Don*!  Mill.,  S.  p.  148. 
SuiumymeM.    SpartiinUiui  Link  Emun,  8.  p.  SSS. ;  GenlBta  sp.  Imih.  and  Mcendk }  Spartio,  ItmL 
Derivation*    From  sparton,  cordage ;  in  allualon  to  the  use  of  the  plant  In  early  ages  generallj,  and 
in  Spain,  eren  to  the  present  day,  for  making  ropes. 

Gen.  Char.,  ^c.  Calyx  membranous,  spathaceous,  clefl  above,  5-toothed  at 
the  apex,  somewhat  labiate.  Corolla  with  a  roundish  complicated  vexillum, 
and  an  acuminated  keel.  Petalt  a  little  agglutinated,  but  partable.  5/a- 
mens  monadelphous.  Legume  compressed,  many-seeded,  glandless.  (^Dan^s 
Mill.) 

fjeaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  caducous  ;  lanceolate.  Flowers  in 
terminal  racemes,  large,  distant,  and  yellow.  —  A  shrub,  a  native  of  Spain 
and  Portugal. 

»  I.  S.  Ju^NCEUif  L.     The  Rush-/t^tf  Spartium,  or  Spanish  Broom. 

Identification.    Lin.  Sp.,  995. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  9.  p.  146. ;  Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  148. 

Synonymes.    Genista  ^dncea  Lam.  and  Du  nam. ;    6.  odorftta  Moench  \  Spartiinthus  ^fincens 

Mcenck  ;  Genftt  d'Espagne,  Fr. ;  Binicnartige  Pfriemen,  Ger. ;  Oinestra  dl  Spagna,  Ital . 
Engravingt.    N.  Du  Ham.,  2.  t.  32. ;  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  85. ;  and  our  Jtg.  806. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Branches  upright,  round,  of  a  deep  green  colour,  smooth, 
and  with  but  few  leaves,  which  are  lanceolate,  and  soon  drop  off.  An  up- 
right shrub,  evergreen  from  the  colour  of  its  numerous  shoots.  Spain, 
Portugal,  and  the  South  of  France,  in  gravelly  soils.  Height  5  ft.  to  8  fl. ; 
in  British  gardens  8  h.  to  12  ft.  In- 
troduced in  154-8.  Flowers  dark  yel-  .  ^^  ^ 
low,  large;  July  to  September.  Pods  ^^'  ^  '  '^^ 
brown ;  ripe  in  October.  Naked 
young  wood  smooth  and  dark  green. 

Varieties. 
A  S.  j.  2  odoratitnmum  (S.  odora- 

tissimum    D.  Don  Brit.    Fl. 

Gard.  2.  st.  390. ;  S.  acutif 6- 

lium  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg. ;  and  our 

fig.  304.)  has  the  flowers  sweet- 
scented,  and  the  leaves  more 

acute  than  those  of  the  species. 

Raised  from  Turkish  seeds. 
A  S.  j.  Sfiore  pleno  has  double  flowers. 


304.    9p4ni«inJ4i 


XXV.  leoumi»a'c£a;  geni'sta. 

In  lul;  and  the  South  of  Fnnce  a  very  good  cloth 
ia  iDaiiu&:tiired  from  the  &bres  of  this  plant.  Both  in 
Spain  Md  France,  the  shoots  are  used  for  forming 
bukeli,  and  for  tying  up  vines  and  other  fniit  trees. 
The  bees  are  said  to  be  very  fond  of  the  flowers ;  and 
■tic  Kcds  arc  eaten  with  great  aviJily  by  poultry,  par- 
oidges,  &&  Medicinally,  the  flowers  and  leaves,  in 
infiuiaa,  act  as  nn  emetic,  or,  in  a  larger  quantity,  as  an 
^)erient.  In  Britain,  the  plant  \»  solely  r^arded  as  an 
omamental  shrub.  Seeds  are  produced  in  abundance, 
■cd  ihey  will  come  up  in  any  soil  that  is  tolerably  dry. 
Id  (he  nuraery,  they  ought  to  be  transplanted  every  year, 
ti  ttwy  are  apt  to  formlong  taproots  and  very  few  fibres. 

Gbkus  VI. 


Qi2UQU 


GENl'STA  Lam.  Tbb  Gbnisti.  £ra.  Sytt.  Mooadflpfaia  Dedindria. 
UmHlrtiiim.  Luo.I>ic«n9-F'6JE.i  I1l.t-EI9.  i  Ds.  Fred.,  3.  p.  141. ;  Doo'i  HIU- 1.  p.  14S. 
4w«w-    Gmtt*,  «  Sfkalmn,  iptc  Lfa.  i  OcnK.  FT. ;  ciula.  Otr. ;  GllH•t^^  llal. 

Gen,  Ciar.  Calyx  Inlabiale,  upper  lip  bipartite,  lower  one  tridentate,  or  5- 
lobed,  the  three  lower  lobes  nmrly  Joined  to  the  apex.  VexiUum  oblong-oval. 
Carna  oblong,  straight,  not  always  containing  the  stamens  and  pistils.  Sla- 
nfu  monadelphoiis.     Legume  compressed,  many-seeded,  {lion't  Mill.) 

Lemet  simple  or  compound,  alternate,  rarely  nppoute,  stipulate,  decidu- 
ous or  sub-evNgreen ;  lanceolate,  linear,  or  trifoliolate.  Flotaen  terminal  or 
aiitWy,  yellow. 

The  hardy  species  are  deciduous  or  sub-evergreen  shrubs,  generally  with 
tnfoUidate  leaves  and  yellow  flowers  ;  there  is  a  great  sameness  of  character 
among  them,  and,  though  many  are  quite  distinct,  yet  it  is  hiehly  probable  that 
ibe  ereater  □umbo'  now  recorded  as  species  are  only  varieties.  They  are 
chiefly  natives  of  Europe ;  but  a  few  are  found  in  the  North  of  Africa.  As 
they  grow  rapidly,  and  flower  freely,  especially  on  soils  not  wet  at  bottom, 

"'  desirable  p"    '    "  

tfion.     A  number  of  the  _,. 

.  ^Jftisu. 

heeo  separated  bj  Iduuarck,  whose  arrangement,  as  modified  by  DeCaadolle, 
~>e  bave  adopted  in  the  following  enumeration. 

§  1 .   UnanHed.     Letmet  all,  or  fir  tile  kkjk  part,  trifoUolaie. 

I  1.  G,  partiflo'ra  Dec.    The  small- 
flowered  Qenisca. 

tec. Prod,,  t,p.1U.i  DoD'iUai., 
J^^itinm  partlSbram  Vatt.  Bort.  Ceti. 
1.  VMO-Hoft  cai(,t,«7.:ud«uva>>c, 
Spec.C^ar.,^e.  Leaf  trifoliolate,  the  petiole 
very  abort;  and  the  leaflets  usuallydeci- 
dooDS,  very  narrow,  glabrous.  Flowers 
in  lengthened  terminal  racemes.  Le- 
gomes  compressed,  1 — 3-«eeded,  rather 
pubescent,  being  covered  with  minute  ^-^_^ 


tbey  are  desirable  plants  for  newly  formed  abrubbenes,  but  in  general  they 
are  not  of  long  duration.  A  number  of  the  species  were  formerly  included 
mider  the  genus  5pertiuin  and  some  under  Cytisus,  from  which  they  have 


closely  pressed  down,  slightly  spread- 

.   (Dec.  Prod.)   A  deciduoua  shrub.  A* 


Levant,  near  the  Oulf  of  Mundania. 


204 


ARBORETUM   £T   FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


Height  6  ft  to  7  ft.   Introduced  in  1817.  Flowers  yellow ; 
May  to  August.     Legume  ?.    H.  8. 

ii  *  2.  G.  CA'^NDiCANs  L,    The  whitish  Genista. 

Jdfntifieaiion.    Lin.  ArocBn. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  145.;  Don's  Iflll.,  S.  p.  149. ; 

Webb  Iter  HUpan.,  50. 
Smon^mes.    CftJsus  c&ndicuiB  Lin.  Sp. ;  C.  pabitceoM  Mttnch. 
Engravings.    Dend.  Brit^  t.  80. ;  and  oar  Jig,  307. 

Spec,  Char.,  S^c,  Leaf  trifoliolate,  petiolate  ;  leaflets  obovate, 
pubescent,  with  appressed  down.  Branches  angled. 
Flowers  in  terminal  heads,  few  in  a  head.  Legume  hairy. 
{Dec,  Prod.)  A  hoary  sub-evergreen  shrub,  of  short  du- 
ration. Mogador,  Italy,  and  the  Levant.  Height  4  ft.  to 
6  ft.  Introduced  in  1735.  Flowers  large,  yellow,  scents 
less;  April  to  July.    Legume?. 

The  great  advantage   of  this  species  is,  that  it  grows 
rapidly,  and  flowers  freely. 

A  3.  G,  PATTENS  Dec.    The  spreading  Genista. 

Identification.    Dec.  Prod.,  S.  p.  145.;  DoD*t  MIH.,  2.  p.  149.;  Webb 

Iter  HiBpan.,  p.  60. 
Synonyme.    Spartlum  pitens  Ca».  loon,  2.  p.  68.,  excltuWe  of  the 

synoDTme. 
Engravings.    Cat.  loon.,  S.  p.  .*%.  t.  176.;  and  oar  Jig.  308. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.    Branches  striated,  twi^y,  glabrous. 

Leaves  stalked,  trifoliolate.     Leaflets  obovate,  pu- 
bescent beneath.      Flowers  in  fours,  pedicellate, 
■   nearly  terminal.    Legume  glabrous,  3 — ^-seeded. 

{DorCt  Mill.)     A  spreading  shrub.     Spain.      On 

mountains  near  Albayda,  and  found  by  P.  B. 

Webb  on  Monte  Santo  in  Catalonia.    Introduced 

in  ?1830.     Height  4  ft.  to  8  ft.    Flowers  yellow ; 

April  to  July. 

It  differs  from  Cytisus  patens,  in  the  upper  lip  of 
the  calyx  being  acutely  bipartite ;  lower  lip  of  three 
bristles,  not  with  the  lips  nearly  equal  and  entire. 

Jc  4.  G.  TRi^QUETRA  Ait.    The  triangiiIar-#/tfmfiif i  Genista. 

IdentiJIcatioH.    Alt.  Hort.  Kew.,  3.  p.  14. ;  Dec  Prod.,  2.  p.  146. ;  Don's  Mill.,  2.  p.  149. 

Synonfpne.    O.  triqiietra  Lam.  f 

Ennravings.    Bot.  Mag.,  t.  814. ;  Dend.  Brit.,  t.  79.  ;  and  our  Jig.  309. 

Spec.  Char.,  8fc.  Branches  3-sided,  decumbent,  the  younger  ones  villoae. 
Leaves  trifoliolate,  simple  about  the  extremities  of  the  branches;  leaflets 
ovate-lanceolate,  villose.  Flowers  in  short  terminal  ra^ 
cemes.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  trailing  shrub,  evergreen  from  the 
colour  of  its  shoots.  Spain,  Italy,  and  France.  Height 
6 in.  Introduced  in  17-^.  Flowers  yellow;  April  to 
July.    Legume  ?. 

No  shrub  is  more  ornamental  on  rockwork ;  and,  when 
trained  to  a  stake  and  allowed  to  form  a  head,  or  grafted 
standard  high  on  a  laburnum,  it  forms  a  singular  object, 
and,  when  in  flower,  a  most  magnificent  one.  It  is  also  an 
admirable  plant  for  training  against  a  wall,  particularly  in  309.  g.  tiiqa* 
dry  situations,  where  it  is  exposed  to  the  sun. 

jt  5.  G.  UMBELLA^TA  PotT.    The  uinbelIate;^oii;<?rerf  Genista. 

Identification.     Voir.  Suppl.,  2.  p.  715. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  146. ;  Don's  Mill.,  2.  p.  149. ;  Webb  Iter 

Hlspan.,  p.  51. 
Synonymes.    Spirtlum  uinbeH&tain  Detf.  Atl.  2.  p.  133.,  VHiHt.  Siirp.  183. ;  Bollna,  te  Amdmhuaa, 
Engravifig.    Our  Jig.      .  in  p*. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.   Leaf  trifoliolate,  its  petiole  short,  its  leaflets  linear-lanceolate. 


XXV.    LEGUMINACE*:    CENl'STA. 


205 


acd  rather  silky.  Flowers  in  temunal  heads.  Calyx  haiiy,  in  a  silky  man- 
ner.  Corolla  and  legume  silky.  Branches  gUbrooE.  (Dec,  Pmd.)  Alow 
■hrub.  Barbary,  on  arid  hills ;  and  Spain,  m  Andalusia,  od  hills.  Hedght 
I  ft.  to  £  ft.     Introduced  in  I7T9.     Flowers  yellow ;  April  Eo  June. 

J.G.U.2  capUata  Dec.     ^rtium  capilitum  Cat.  Annal.  leoi,  p.  63.  — 
Braaches  and  leaves  covered  with  silky  villi.     Hative  of  Mogador. 

§  S.  SpaioK.    Leave!  ail,  or  lome  of  them,  Iri/bliolate. 
j^  a.  G.  lusita'nic*  L.    The  Portugal  Genista. 
Uml^liMim.    Lin.  Bp..  N9.,  ncluilia  of  the  iriioiiniici  of  Cloi.  ud  I.  B4Db.  i  Lbe.  Met., 
E^rnnvi.    Andr.  Boc.  Itep.,  LAt.;  ud  aar,A[.  310. 
SfK.  Char.,  ^c.      Branches  spiny,  round,  becoming  striate. 
Leaves  trifoliolate,opposite,u|)oa  short  petioles  ;  iheleaSets 
linear,  folded,    somewhat    silky.      Flowers   few,  terminaL 
Calyi  very  btury.  (Dec.  Prod.)     A  very  spiny  shrub,  erer- 

Seto  from  the  colour  of  its  young  shoots.  Portugal 
dght4n.  Introduced  in  1771.  Flowers  yellow  ,  Hwcb 
to  May.    Legume  ?. 

Renwrkable  for  having  opposite  leaves  and  branches    a  cha 
ncter  not  common  among  Leguminicese.  gio,  g  ,, 

*  7.  G.  (l.)  radiVta  Scop.     The  nyed-branched  Gemata 


!jm.  CSor.,  ^c.     Branches   angled,   grouped,   glabrous.    I 
Leaf  trifoliolate,  almost  sessue,  opposite,  the   leaSeti 
■ranevhat  tilky.     Flowen  io  terminal  heads,  2 — 1  m  ft 
head.     Corolla  and  l^ume  silky.     The  old  brsnchei 
show  a  tendency  to  become  spiny.     The  legumes  are 
oval,  short,  compressed,  pointed  with  the  style,  and 
include  two  seeds.  (Dec.  Frod.)     A  low  shrub,  of  short 
duratioa,  evergreen  from  the  colour  of  its  young  shoots.    | 
Italy,  Camiola,  and  the  Valtais.     Height  2  ft.  to  4ft.    ; 
Introduced  in  1758.     Flowers  rellow;  June  and  Julr 
Legume?. 

M  Q.  (;.)  r.  2  umieliaia,  G.  umbellata  Potr..  S^rtiuii 
nmbellatum  Detf.,  appears,  from    a  pluit  that  ^ 
was  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden  in  1837,  to  belong  ^ 
to  this  spedes. 
Differing  from  G.  lodtinics  piincipally  in  beinewilhout 
^linei,  and  having  its  leaves  somewhat  longer.    Both  G, 
ndiita  and  G.  luail&nica  have  a  very  singular  appearance       *  '■  "■  •'■''*''"*■ 

when  without  their  leaves ;  and,  in  that  point  of  view,  tiiey  may 
be  considered  aa  almost  as  interesting  in  winter  as  they  are  in 


jt  S.  G.  fiFBEDRoi'DES  Dec.     The  Ephedra-like  Geoista. 

Ufitigicattt*.    D«e.  Ltiom.  Utn.,  6. ;  Dec  Frod.,  1.  p.  147.  i  Dod'i  Hill.,  1. 

p.  lu. 
Emgraphaf^-    Dec  UfonLWia^i.  t-M.;  H«md'»  BcTtanie  Guileo,  t-  408- j  ud 

our  A.  SU- 
BMIT. Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  some  trifoliolate,  some  simple,  few  sea- 
rile  ;  leaflets  linear,  almost  glabrous.     Branches  rigid,  round, 
becoming  striated  and  spiny.     Flowers  in   spikes,  alternate, 
yellow.     Calyx  somewhat  pubescent.   (Dec.  Prod.)    A  shrub. 


206 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


8UL  «. 


evergreen  from  the  colour  of  its  young  slender  shoots.  Sardinia.  Height 
2  ft. ;  in  British  gardens  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1832.  Flowers  small,  yellow ; 
June  to  September.    Legume?. 

The  whole  plant  is  glabrous,  and  resembles  in  appear- 
ance fphedra  distachya.     Cuttings  strike  readily. 

Jt  9.  G,  TRiACA'^NTHos  BroU    The  three-spined  (Genista. 

IdentifleatUm.    Brot.  Fhyt.,  130.  t.  54. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  147. ;  Don*i  Mill.,  2. 

p.  IfiO. 
^unoftipne.    G.  rostrdta  Poir,  Suppl.  2.  p.  719. 
Engravings.    Brot.  Phyt.,  t.  54. ;  and  aar  fig.  313. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  sessile,  trifoUolate  and  simple,  gla^ 
brous.  Leakets  linear-lanceolate.  Branchlets  spiny,  oranch- 
ed.  Flowers  in  terminal  racemes,  few  in  a  raceme.  C^x, 
corolla,  and  legume  glabrous ;  legume  1-seeded.  The 
spines  are  simple,  trifid,  or  branched.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A 
deciduous  undershrub.  Portugal,  on  mountains  and  in 
woods.  Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  in  182L  Flowers 
yellow ;  May  to  July.    Legume  ?. 

Variefy. 

mQ.  t,  2  interrUpta  Dec,  S)pdrtium  interr6ptum  Cav. 
Annal.,  1801,  voL  iv.  p.  58.,  has  linear  l^ets,  and 
branches  usually  simple,  and  shorter  than  those  of  the  species.    It 
is  found  wild  about  Tangier. 

m\0»  G.  Ho^RRiDA  Dec.    The  horrid  Genista. 

Identification.    Dec.  F1.  Fr.,  4.  p.  600. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  146. ;  Don't 

Mill.,  2.  p.  149. ;  Webb.  Iter  Hiipan.,  51. 
Synonymes.    Sp&rtluin  h6rriduni  VaU  Svmh.\.  p.  51.,  excluiive  ot 

the  tynonyme  :  G.  erinilcea  Gilib.  Sot.  Prat.  2.  p.  239. 
Engravingt.    Oilib.  Bot.  Prat.,  2.  p.  239.  icon. ;  and  oar  fig.  314. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Branches  grouped,  angled,  spiny, 
opposite.  Leaves  trifoliolate,  opposite ;  the  leaflets 
linear,  folded,  somewhat  silky.  Flowers  few, 
almost  terminal.  Calyx  pubescent.  (Dec.  Prod.) 
A  native  of  the  Pyrenees.  Height  4  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1821.  Flowers  yellow;  May  and  June. 
Legume  ?. 

6  3.  Spinose.     Leavemll  simple, 
j^W.  G.  STLYB'^sTRis  Scop.    The  wood  Genista. 

Identification.    Scop.  Cam.,  No.  875. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  14S. ;  Don*i  Mill.,  2.  p.  151. 
Svnonyme.    G.  hlspAnica  Jacq.  Icon.  Rar.  t.  557. 
EngravingM.  Jacq.  Icon.  Rar.,  t.  557. ;  and  our y^.  315. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Leaves  simple,  linear-awl- 
shaped,  glabrous  above,  villose  in  a  closely 
pressed  manner  beneath.  Spines  axillary, 
branched,  slender.  Flowers  glabrous, 
dis{>osed  in  a  terminal  spiked  raceme. 
Teeth  of  the  calyx  almost  spiny.  The 
keel  longer  than  the  standard  and  wings. 
tpcc.  Prod.)  A  deciduous  undershrub. 
Camiola  and  Croatia,  on  hills.  Height 
1ft.  to  2  ft.  Introduced  in  1818.  Flowers 
yellow ;  June  and  July.    Legume  ?. 

.ai  12.  G^.  iSSco'rpius  Dec.    The  Scorpion  Genista. 

**gSSI?*    **^*""  Sc6rpiai  Un.  Sp.  995. ;  O.  iplnifldra  Lam.  Diet.  2.  p.  621. ;  Scorpum  Turf 
Engravingt.    Dend  Brtl.,  t.  78. ;  and  oor  ^p.  316. 


S14   OcDfttabtffilda. 


XXV.    LEGUMINA^CE^ :    GENl'STA. 


207 


316.    G.  SedrfivM. 


Spec,  Char^  4rc.  Spiny;  spines  branched,  spreading, 
striated,  glabrous.  Leaves  simple,  very  few,  oblong, 
somewhat  silky.  Flowers  glabrous,  upon  short  pe- 
dicels, in  groups  disposed  somewhat  racemosely ;  the 
keel  as  long  as  the  standard.  Legume  containing 
2 — i  9eeds.  (Dec,  Prod.)  An  upright,  deciduous, 
spiny  shrub.  South  of  Europe  and  Barbery,  in 
arid  places.  Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  in  1570. 
Flowers  yellow ;  April  and  May.    Legume  ?. 

A  spiny  slinib,  almost  leafless  when  the  shoots  are  full 
grown.    This  species  is  commonly  thought  to  be  the  5c6rpius  of  Theophrastus. 

jtt  13.  G.  hispa'nica  L.     The  Spanish  Genista. 

Jdntdlaaim.    Lin.  Sp.,  999l  :  Dec  Prod.,  1.  p.  148.  j  Don'*  Mill.,  2.  pi  151 . ;  W«bb  Iter  Hispan..  68 

Sjnomgme.    Spanish  Fune,  Hort. 

£figraini^t.    Car.  Icon.,  3.  t.  SI  1. ;  Lem.  IlL,  t.  619.  f.  3. ;  and  cmr  Jtg.  317.         j^  ^ 

Spec.  Ckar.,  4-c.  Spiny,  except  in  the  flower-bearing 
branches ;  spines  branched,  rigid.  Leaves  simple,  lanceo- 
late, villose.  Flowers  in  a  terminal  subcapitate  raceme. 
Keel  villose,  the  length  of  the  glabrous  standard.  L^ 
gome  oval,  including  2 — 4<  seeds  ;  when  ripe,  rather  gla* 
brous.  (Dee,  Prod.)  A  diminutive  undershrub,  evergreen 
from  the  colour  of  its  shoots.  Spain  and  the  South  of 
France.  Height  ^  f^.  to  I  it.  Introduced  in  1759.  Flowers 
yellow  ;  June  and  July.     Legume  ?. 

ji  14.  G.  a'nglica  L.    The  English  Genista,  or  Petty  JVhm, 

Mdemt^kaUon.    Lin.  Sp.,  999. :  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  149. ;  Don*f  Mill.,  3.  p.  151. 

Sfnoigme.    G.  minor  Lam.  PI.  Ft.  S.  p.  6I& 

^■jr«vn^-    Eng.  BoC,  1. 132. ;  Lobel  Icon.,  2.  p.  98.  f.  2. ;  and  tvaxfig.  818L 

Spec.  Char.,  (j-c.  Spiny,  except  in  the  flower- 
bearing  branches ;  spines  simple ;  the  whole 
plant  glabrous.  Leaves  simple,  ovate-lanceo- 
late. Flowers  in  terminal  racemes,  few  in  a 
raceme;  the  keel  longer  than  the  standard  and 
wings.  Legume  ovately  cylindrical,  including 
many  seeds.  (Dec.  PrwL)  A  prostrate  de- 
ciduous shrub,  with  woody  stems.  Native  of 
the  Middle  and  North  of*^  Europe  ;  and  fre^ 
quent  in  Britmn,  on  moist,  bog^',  heathy  com- 
mons. Hdght  1  ft.  Flowers  yellow  ;  Auy  and 
June.  Legume  brown ;  ripe  in  August. 

Cultivated  in  collections,  where  it  forms  a 
^iny  bush  about  2  f^  in  height. 

.a  15.  (r.  OERMA^NICA  L,    The  German  Genista. 

AMgfiMfnm.    Lin.  Sp.,  995. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  149. ;  Don*i  Mill.,  2.  p.  ISI. 

afmamymeM.    Se6rpAa»  spindtui  Mamch  Meth.  134. ;  V6glera  spinbia  Fl.  WelL  2.  p.  809. ;  Bulinuu 

eoia  di  Boico.  ItaL 
lagravimn,    Fochs  Hilt.,  220.  icon. ;  Hayne  AbbOd.,  t  122. ;  and 

oar  j8r-'l9. 


SIS.    Ocnkta  insUca. 


Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Spiny,  except  in  the  flower-bearing 
tranches ;  spines  simple  or  branched.  Leaves 
ample,  lanceolate,  slightly  hairy.  Flowers  somewhat 
yillose,  in  terminal  racemes.  Keel  longer  than  the 
standard  and  wings.  Legume  ovate,  slightly  hairy, 
Tncluding  t — 4  seMS.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  spiny  >shrub. 
Europe,  in  woods  and  on  heaths.  Height  2  f^.  to  3  ft. 
introduced  in  1773.  Flowers  yellow  ;  June  to 
August.     Legume  brown  ;  ripe  in  September. 


ARBORETUM    ET    PRUTICErUM    B  RITA  KM  CUM. 

Q.  g.  2.  Wrniii  Dec.  is  alnioat  without  apinee. 

$  4.   Unarmed.     Lemxi  all  limple, 
■  16.  G.  Pu'KGiNa  L.     The  purging  Genista. 

abm.    L.ln.ap^9M.i    Bull.  Herb.,  Ilfi.  I    DscProd.,  l.p-IW.i 

MptoMfnu.    Spinlum  poTgvii  £A«.  SgtL  4T^ 
fivrain^.     but.  Cab.,  IIIT.)  tnioaijlg.  iW. 

^>ec.  Char.,  S/c.  Uprif>ht,  much  branched.  Branches  round, 
striate.  Leaves  simple,  very  few,  lanceolate,  almost  sessile, 
somewhat  silky.  Flowera  axillary,  solitary,  scarcely  pe- 
diceled.  Petals  equal,  glabrous.  The  young  Ittume 
adpressedly  pubcBcent.  {Dec.  Prod.)  An  upright  shrub, 
evergreen  from  the  colour  of  its  shoots.  France,  on  hills. 
Introd.  1768.  Height  3  ft.  to  6  ft.  Flowers  yellow ;  June 
^nd  July.     Legume  brown  ;   ripe  in  September.  iw^  sniapivH 

-t  17.  G.  sERi'cBA  Wiitf.    The  silky  Genista. 

UaUfflaitim.    Wuir.  In  Jacq.  Coll.,l.p.  ISr.i  D«.  Prod.,  I.  p.  Its,  I  Don'!  MIU.,  1. p.  1S|, 
Engrwriitgi.    Jing.  Icon.  Rar-,  S.  t-  US.  j  uadoarjig.  B3I. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Decumbent,  with  upright 
round  branches.  Leaves  simple,  linear- 
lanceolate,  silky  beneath.  Flowers  ter- 
minal, 3  or  4  together,  in  a  sort  of  ra-  , 
cente.  Petals  silky,  nearly  equal.  Lobes  ' 
of  the  calyx  oblong-acuminate ;  the  floral 
leaves  equalling  the  calyx  in  length. 
(Dec.Prod.)  Adecumbent  shrub.  Height 
6  in.     Austria  and  Croatia,  in  subatpme 

places  near  the  shore.     Introduced  in  "''  ''™'""'"*- 

1812.   Flowers  yellow;  May  and  June.  Legume  brown ;  ripe  August. 

ja  18.  G.  APHv'iXA  Dec.     The  leafless  tienista. 

um  api^Jlun  l'ipl  ra.'aaj,^.  s£'.:  O.  TlrtkU 


spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Branched,  upright.     Leaves  simple, 
very  few,  linear,  very  short.     Flowers  disposed  dis- 
tantly, in  len^hened  terminal  racemes.     Legumes 
compressed,  mcluding  2  seeds  ;  when  young,  tomcn- 
tose  i  when  adult,  glabrous.  fWee.  Prod.)      Height 
3fl.to4ft.in  British  gardens.  Found  in  Sibena,in  de- 
serts, about  the  Volga.     In- 
trod. 1800.    Flowers  violace- 
ous;  June  and  July.   Legume         lii.   e_iiu  •Ftafia 
brown  ;  ripe  in  September. 

M  19.  G.  monospb'bma  Lam.    The  onc^eeded  Oeiutta. 

Idmiglem/im.    Lun.  Dirt.,  i.  p.  eia.i  Due.  Frfal.,  3.  p.  IH-i  DCKI'I 

SjiTBiiciim.    .Tpirtlum  monoipinii™  J.rft  Sp.  »93.,  CMri.  BcL  Mf- 

Engratlmti-    floL  Mii,,  l.SSli  andourjji.sas. 

Spcc.Char.,4c.  Branched, uprighL  Leaves  simple,  very 

few,  linear-oblong,  adpressedly  pubescent.  Flowers  in 

lateral  racemes,  few  in  a  raceme.  Petals  silky,  almost 

I      equal.      Legumes  ovate,  inflated,   membranaceous, 

lu   eut.an»«,in,,v  glabfous,  iucludiug  1— 8  sccds.    (Dec.  Prod)      An 

'"*'         erect  shrab,  with  numerous  slender,  twiggy,  flexile 


XXV.  leoumina'c££:  ceni'sta.  aOO 

biBDcbes.  On  the  Mediterranean  ihores,  where,  in  many  places,  it  Mrva 
to  retain  and  cousolidaie  the  drifting  sand.  Height  8  ft.  to  4 IL  Introduced 
in  1670.  Flowers  white  ;  June  and  July.  Legume  browo  ;  ripe  in  September. 
The  leaves  and  young  branches  are,  in  these  countries,  eaten  by  sheep  and 

foata ;  and  the  twigs  are  used  for  tying  Tines  to  stakeg,  or  tying  up  ftggots ; 

tai  they  are  also  twisted  into  ropes. 

M  20.  G.  spHSBoci'itPA  Lata.    The  round-fruited  Oeniata. 

UmOk^ian.     Lun.  DM..  1.  p.  filS.  l   DfT.  Prod,  !.  p.  IH.  i 

Doo'i  Wll..  I  p.  ini.  1  Wibb  lUT  HUpia,,  M. 
Snatfmtr.    SvkrtiarB  Ipbcfwirpcpn  Lk  iiattj-  ATI. 
i^railaf-    CIIU.HIM.I.p.  icn.f.!.;  udourj^.SH. 


».       A 

!  Simple,    v>^ 


a  raceme.  Petals  glabrous,  equal. 
L^unies  Ofate,  in  some  measure  neahy,  contain-     ^ 
ing  1 — S  seeds.     Flowers  small,  and  pale  yellow.  Zl^ 
(Dtc.  Prod.)     A  twiggy  shrub.     Native-  of  the 
South  of  Europe  andNorth  of  Africa.     Height     0> 
3ft.lo4ft.    Introd.  1731.  Flowers  yellow;  June        ^    s-^niH-r 
and  July.    Legume  brown  ;  ripe  in  September. 

.■  SI.  G.  ctbhe'nsis  Dec.     The  Mount  Etna  Genista. 


bwnnri.    Spina im  wthataie  Xii.  Si.  Sic.  Mmu.  i,  JIafit.  ^nci*.  I. p.  n.,Stmi Bsl. 

Ml. ;  J^*rlluni  Irllpimum  Smtlk  In  /Uri'i  CfcL  .ol.  11  Nu.  6. 
Ifamti.    Bo<.M»g.,t.«7*.i  md  ourjif.jli. 

Spec,  char.,  ^c.  Upright,  very  much  branched.  Leaves 
dinple,  few,  linear,  silky.  Flowers  in  terminal  racemes. 
Pfuls  almost  glabrous,  nearly  equal  in  length.  Legumes 
obliquely  ovale,  compressed,  containing  i—S  seeds  :  when 
voung,  pubescent.  (Dec.  Prod.)  An  erect  twiggy  shrub. 
iiative  of  the  wooded  re^gion  of  Mount  Etna,  3000  ft. 
— 6000  ft.  elevation  ;  growing  with  .i4'cer  monspesauiknum. 
(Pml,  in  CoHip.  Bit.  Mag.,  vol.  i.  p.  01.)  Height  a  ft. 
to  4ft.  Introduced  in  1816.  Flowers  yellow  ;  June  and  ^ 
July.  L^ume  brown  ;  ripe  in  September.  *"■  smu»«uui« 

Reiembles  the  preceding  spedes,  except  that  the  flowers  are  twice  the  si: 
J  28.  G.  anxa'ntica  Tea.     The  Aniantic  Genista. 

Na^CWrbiL    Tm.  FlNgi  Prod.,  p.<l.iD«.Prod.,».  p.  IMii  Don'iSDUS.  p.  IM. 

t^S^ "h.  Hup, i. /vn.V » i  awL  fi..<i«.. m •«.  t sob. j  »ihi our*'- »«■  »iid » 


Spec.  Oar.,  4r,  The  whole  plant  is  perfectly  gla- 
broos.  Btems  spreading.  Branches  angled. 
Leaves  rimple,  ovate^liptical,  rather  coriaceous, 
veiny.    Fh»'*<^  in  racemes.     CotoUb  thrice  as         nt  a^wa  ■ 


2IU  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUAI   BRITANNICUM. 

lon^  BE  the  calyx  ;  and  about  8  lines  long.    L^me  conUming  8 — 10  ecciIi, 
(JJfciVod.)  Adifiiiaeshrub.    Naples.     HelgRt  3 il. to 4 ft   lotroduced  in 
1818.   Flowers  yellow  ;  Juneand  July.  Legume  browo  )  ripe  in  September. 
Vaneti). 

^  0.0.3  icarioia.  G.  scano&a  Via.  (Frag.  R  lul.  1.  t.S.;  and  our 
jfig.32S,)  —  An  upright  shrub,  closdv resembling  the  speciei.  Intro- 
duced in  1&21,  luid  flowering  in  the  Hort.  t>oc.  Garden  in  June 
ami  July.    It  deserves  a  place  m  collections. 

23.  G.  TiNCTORiA  L.     The  Pyer**  Broom,  or  Green  Weed. 

Htfilfiaalim.    Un.  Sp.,  9M. ;  D«.  Prod..  1.  p.  IS). ;  Doi'i  HJI1,3.  p.  ISi. 


^xc.  Char-,  Ifc  Boot  creeping.  Stems  almost  upright.  BranchES  round, 
striated,  upright.  Leaves  simple,  lunceolate,  rather  glabrous.  Flowers  gla- 
brous, in  spited  racemes.  L^ume  glabrous.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  cre^ing- 
rooted  low  shrub.  Common  in  Europe,  in  grassy  Gelds,  and  in  woods  and 
copses,  particularly  in  dry  gravelly  or  sandy  soils.  Height  1  ft  to  3  ii. 
Flowere  yellow  ;  July.     L^ume  brown  j  ripe  in  September. 

a  0.  <•  S  Jlore  pthio.  — There   are  plants   in  the  Epsom   Nursery  and 

the  Hort.  Soc.  Oarden. 
mO.  I.   3   ialifoHa    Dec.  —  Leaves    broad- 
lanceolate.     A  native  of  Auvergiie,  r~ 
the  Mont  d'Or. 
Q,  t.  4  hiriula  Dec.  —  Leaves   somewhat  J 
villose.     Branches  upright, 
sunny  meadows. 
j>  G.  (■   6  pralhuit  Poll.  —  Leaves  oblong- 
lanceolatf^  rather  hairy.     Branches  as- 
cending. Inhabits  the  mountainous  parts 
of  Upper  Italy. 
It  is  very  common  in  pastures,  in  many  places, 
both  in  England  and  Scotland;  but, when  cows 
feed  on  it,  it  is  said  hy  Ray  to  give  a  bitter  taste 
to  their  milk.     All  parts  of  this  plant,  and  espe- 
cially the  bratiches  and  leaves,  have  long  been  usad  by  dyers  for  produnng 
yellow,  espetiallv  for  dyeing  wool  that  is  afterwards  to  be  dyed  green  with 
woad  (/satis  tinctdria  I,.).     The  plant  is  not 
now  in  cultivauon  for  this  purpose;  but,  in 
Norfolk  and   Suffolk,  it  is  still  collected  in 
quantities  from  sandy  wastes  and  c 
and  sold  to  the  dyers. 


Unfjicoim.    LId.  Hut,  07 


•u.  S.  Dh  Ham. 

c.  Bort.  VInd.,  I.  I9D.  J  ud  our  flg.  SK. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Stems  orect ;  and  the  whole 
plant  more  slender  and  taller  tban  G, 
dncioria,  of  which  it  is  evidently  only  a 
variety.  An  erect  shrub.  Siberia.  Height 
Oft.  Introduced  in  1785.  Flowers  yellow ; 
June  to  August.  Legume  brown ;  ripe  in 
Sq)teiDber. 


XXV.    LECUMINA'cEf:    CENl'sTA. 
M  86.  <T.  (t.)  OTi^A   Waldtl.     The  oyate-leavcd  Uenista. 


;  Trn.  i   Dc.  tiiA 


Spec.  Char^  IfC.  Steins  numerouB,  huirj', 
erectuh,  towewlut  herbaceous,  Btriaced, 
terete.  Leaves  ovate,  or  ovate-oblong,  x 
■nd  are,  as  well  as  the  l^umes,  hairy.  '^'1 
Racemes  Ehon.  Corolla  smooth.  {Don'i 
MU.)  A  abnib.  Sclavonia  and  Ilun- 
nry ;  and  on  the  hills  of  Italy,  from 
KedDWOt  to  Naples.  Height  2  ft.  to  4  ft. 
Introduced  in  1R19.  Flowers  yellovri 
June  to  August.  Legume  brown  ;  npe 
ia  Sepienber. 

M  26.  G.  TEiANGULA'Bis   IViUd.     The  triBngular.jteinnte<f  Genuta. 

UKUffaUm.    WUld.  Bp..S.p.g39.i  Dk.  Prod.,  t.p.  ISl.j  Dsn'i  Mill.  9.  p.  ]». 
Ifnfmr.    O.  [rlqnrtn  IVaidil.a  Kit.  HMmf.i.  p.  I£S,  I.  ]U..biiliHi{ot  AllOD. 
Stnaii,  Waldit.  el  Kit.  Hiid|.,  1. 1.  IM.  ;  ud  otu  ^.  Ul. 

^xe,  Ciar.,  ^c.  Branches  smooth,  3- 
angled,  and,  as  well  as  the  stems,  ascend- 
ing. Leaves  lanceolate,  and  mucronate. 
Flowers  axillary  L^ume  compressed, 
aod  mucronate.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  shrub. 
Hungary,  on  calcareous  rocks.  Height  j 
I  ft.  Introd.  in  ISI5.  Flowers  yellow ; 
Hsj  and  June.     Legume  brown;   ripe 

Qoidf  resembling  G.  trfquetra,  of  which,  notwithstanding  its  simple  leaves, 
it  may  possibly  be  only  a  variety  ;  the  change  not  being  greater  than  what 

okt%  place  in  Frixinus  excelsior  simplicifblia. 

J  27.  G.  sioiTTi'Lia  L.     The  arrow-jmn/ni  Genista. 
Iin4fc«<n.    Lin.  Sp..9ga.i  Dr.  Prail..].p.  |.ii.;  Dod'i  Mill,  1.  n.  lu. 

n^mirngf.    Jaeq.  FL  Antt.,  t.  WS-j  Hajdc  Abbilil.,  1. 117. ;  aod  our /f.  333. 

JJw.  dor,,  ^e.     Stems  prostrate.    Branches  herbaceous,  ascending,  2-edged, 

nendiraaous,  socuenrhat   articulated.      Leaves  ovate-kuceolate.     Flowers 

£sposed  in  an  orate,   terminal,    leafless 

■pike.     OjroUa  smooth  ;  but  the  keel  is 

umiabed  with  a  villous  line  on  the  beck. 

(Omit  Mm.)     A  prostrate  shrub.    Con- 
tinental  Europe,  in   mountain   pastures. 

Hdghtein.  Introduced  in  1750.  Flowers 

yellow ;  May  and  June.     Legume  brown ; 

ripe  in  August. 

A  Q.I. 9  minor  Dec. —  A  small  shrub,  ' 
having  the  branches  clothed  with 
adptMsed  pubescence  at  the  apei, 
as  well  as  the  leaven. 
For  practical  purposes,  this  may  be  con. 
■dered  as  a  herbaceous  plant.      It  b  a  yery  distinct,  ornamental,  and  hatdv 
iort ;  growing  and  flowering  freely. 


ARBORETUM   ET  FRUTICETUM   BBITANNICUM. 


_  „       „  •  ■!«<-  lo"-  •*"-•  i-*"-; 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.      Branches   [ 
cumbent  from  the  neck,   trique-   ' 

Leaves  laneColate,  und 
Bmooth,  a  little  ciliated.  Pe- 
iluncles  axillary,  erect,  and  dis- 
pOBeil  in  interrupted  fascicles- 
Corollas  and  l^umes  glubroui, 
(Dec.  Prod.)  A  procumbent 
shrub.  Italy  and  Stjria,  in  ex- 
posed places.  Height  6  in.  In- 
troduced   in    1815.       Flowers 

yellow;   May  and   June.      Le-  ui.  emiiu dMUnbn. 

gume  browQ  ;  ripe  in  August. 

Ji  89.  G.  pbostba'ta  Lam.     The  prostrate  Oeniits. 

Ijin.Dtrt.,5  ~     "" 


:.  Char.,  ^c.     Stems  diffuse,  prostrate.     Branches  anguUr,  striated,  rmlher 


^^^^ 


n  1775.    Flowers  yeUoWi 


hairy.    Leaves  ovate-oblong,  somewhat 

hairy  beneath,      Flowers   axjllary,  on  ,^^  oinnutmufki. 

long  erect  pedicels.     Corolla   glabrous. 

Legumes  hairy,  3— i-seeded.  {Dec.  Prod.)     A  proatrate  shrub.    Burgundy 

and  the  Alps  of  Jura.    Height  1  ft.    Introduced  in  1"""     "' 

Hay  and  June.    l.egume  brovm;  ripe  in  August. 

.1  30.  G.  pbocu'hbens  Waldit.  el  KU.     The  procumbent  G 
Unftfaufin.    WahUI.  M  Ki[.  In  WUId.  C 
Ettfratint:    Bot,  B«g..  t.  lIM.und  our  A 

Spec.  Char.,  ijc.  Branches  prociimbenc, 
round,  striated,  rather  dowry.  Leaves 
lanceolate,  acute,  and,  as  well  as  the 
calyses,  downy  beneath.  Flowers  pe- 
dicellate, axillary,  in  threes.  Corolla 
glabrous.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  procumbent 
i^rub.   Uun^y  and  Moravia.   Height 

1  ft.       Introduced   in   1916.     Flowers  ""      "  

yellow  ;  June  to  August.     Legume  brown  ;  ripe  in  September. 
Most  likely  only  a  variety  of  the  preceding  apecies. 

.1  31.  G.  pild'sa  Lm.     The  hairy  Genista. 

D.  Sp,  999. ;  SnlUi'i  Bni.  Fl.,  I.  p.  169,1  llajDI  AbhUiLder  dcut.  Holi.,  p.  161.. 

193.  (  Don't  Mill.,  ft.  p.  JU. 

^1  lam.  Fl.  FT.  ;  GcDlllSldtl  lubnrtultu  Vmol  »(U. 

Fl.Alutr,t.«M,i  Haynt  AtMld.,  LIW,;  uid  miT  ;b.  IM. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.   Steins  procumbent,  striated,  branched,  hiberculated.    Leavea 
obovate-lancealate,  obtuse,  folded,  and  having  beneath  a  dose-pressed  sUkj 


XXV.  legumina'ce«:  cy'tisur.  213 

(town.  Flowers  axillary,  on  ihort  pediceli. 

Ctlfx  and  pedicels  silkjr.     Legumes  pu- 
bescent, and  3 — 4-seeded.    (Dec.  Prod.) 

A  procuoibent  uhrub.     South  of  France, 

NwitzerUnd,  Oenminy.  &c.  ;  nnd  firitain, 

OD  dry  elerated   down*   or  heaiha,   in 

Suffolk,   Cornwall,    and   North   Wales. 

Het^t  I  ft.     Flowers  yellow  ;  May  and 

Jane.    Legume  brown;  ripe  in  Sept. 

The  specific  name,  pil6sa,  is  certainly  not 
terrsf^ropriate,  for  ihereare  other  species,  ^^^ 

luoi  u  G.  candicans,  much  more  haiiy. 

Olier  Specie!  of  Genula.  —  Q.ipinota,  in  the  Ilort.  Soc  Garden,  is  a  young 
plant  with  trifoliolaCe  leaves,  and  the  side  shoots  terminating  in  spines.  There 
•re  Tirious  otha  names  in  collections,  and  a  greet  many  in  books  ;  l)uC  the 
whole  genus  is  in  such  a  state  of  conruaion,  that  nothing  can  be  determined 
with  certainty  respecting  the  species,  till  tbey  are  all  collected  together  and 
cultivated  in  the  same  ^rdeu  and  examined. 

Genus  VII. 

EHEana 

CY'TISUS  Dec.     Ths  Cttcsus.     Lrn.  Syil.  Monadelphia  Decandria. 


HoriligC^cIl 


G™  C*ar.  Co/hj  bilabiate-  Upper  Lip  usually  entire  ;  lower  one  somewhat 
tiidcntate.  Vexillum  ovate,  large.  Carina  very  obtuse,  includini;  the  Kta- 
■nensand  pistils,  ^foinnu  monadelphous.  Legumf  comuresseil,  many -seeded, 
glandless.  (DohU  AfiU.) 

Leavei  trifoliolate,  alternate,  stipulate.  Flaaieri  o(  nearly  all  the  species 
yellow. —  Dedduoul  or  sub-evererecn  shrubs  of  short  duration,  or  low  trees ; 
natives  chiefly  oT  the  Middle  and  South  of  Europe. 

All  the  species  have  triroliolale  leaves,  and  the  flowers  are  for  the  most  part 
yellow.  The  shrubs  have  the  habit  of  Genista  or  of  5pirtium,  to  both  which 
genera  they  are  nearly  allied.  They  are  all  ornamental,  some  of  them  eminently 
to ;  and  those  which  have  th«r  flowers  in  terminal  racemes  are  decidedly  more 
elegant  than  those  which  have  them  in  close  terminal,  or  in  axillary  heads. 
The  wood  of  the  laburnum  is  valuable  in  turnery  and  cabinet-work.  All  the 
•pedes  produce  seeds  in  abundance,  by  which  they  are  almost  exclusively 
pti^agaled.  The  spedes  recorded  in  books  are  numerous  ;  but,  if  they  were 
all  brought  together,  and  cultivated  io  the  same  garden,  we  question  much  if 
a  tjdie  uf  them  would  be  found  spedfically  distinct. 

j  1.  ABmnwida  Dec. 

U  tU>  iKtloB  [roBi  Uic  Incii  Of  itaa  ipctiM  befiig  wblu. 
S€ct.  Char.     Calyx  campanulate.     Pod  I — l>4eeded,  not  dilated  at  the  upper 
niture.    Flowers  white.      Leaves  very  few.     Branches   unarmed.    (Dec. 
Prcd.,  B.  p.  153.) 

•  1.  C.  a'lbus  LinJi.    The  white  Cytisus,  or  Portugal  Bnmm. 
Eiiiiiii..t.  p.  Ml. :  Dec.  Prod.,  3.  p.  lU.;  Don'i  MI1I.,S.  p.  1M. 
\iUbmIjim.  Da.  l.f.^a.;  Saknfuta  Ulnan  Utif.  Fl.  Aa.i.p.\M.i  Srknlam 
laH.Knf.t.f.W.:  Sfi.t^om  Mtfiraim,  tianSl  JUrM.  p.llb. :  CnillUliml. 
1. 1,  p.  TG. )  Snnloin  i  Fl«ir>  bluchci,  Fr. ;  vtlHa  PMentoi,  Otr. 


214  ARUORETU.M    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

Sp€C.  Char.,  ^c. 

nnd  trifoliolaie,  sessile.     Leaflet: 

Flowers  in  fascicles,  disposed  in  long  racemes.     L^ume 

S-aeeded,  very  villous.    {Don's  Mi/I.)     An  upright  shrub; 

evergreen,  from  the  colour  of  its  numerous  straight  parallel 

joung  shoots.     Portugal  and  the  Levant.      Hdpnt  5  ft. 

to  1  (L     Introduced  in   IT5S.     Flowers  white;  May  and 

June.     Legume  brown  ;  ripe  in  August.  ' 

A  very  handsome  shrub,  more  especially  when  covered 

with   its  white  flowers  in  May,  and  when  surrounded  by 

hundreds  of  bees,  busily  occupied  in  extracting  the  honey.  ^ 

In  giiod  soil,  it  is  of  very  rapid  growth,  attaining  the  height 

of  5  or  6  feet  in  3  or  4  years  ;  and,  in  6  or  8  years,  growing 

as  high  as  15  or  even  90  fee i,  if  in  a  ahellered  situation. 

Placed  by  itself  on  a  lawn,  it  forms  a  singularly  omamenial 

plant,  even  when  not  in  flower,  bv  the  varied  disposition 

and  tufling  of  its  twiji^y  thread-like  branches.      When  ir 

flower,  it  is  one  of  the   finest  ornaments  of  the  garden 

Trained  to  a  single  stem,  its  effect  is  increased  ;  and,  grafted    ' 

on  the  l^umum,  a  common  practice  about  Paris,  it  forms 

a  very  remarkable  combination  of  beauty  and  singularity.   ' 

Plants  are  easily  raised  from  seeds, 

»  C.  fl.  8  incamaliu  has  flesh-coloured  flowers,  or  flowers  very  sligfatl; 
tinged  with  reddish  purple.  This  variety  was  introduced  in  1818; 
and  reproduces  itself  ftom  seeds,  but  it  Taiies  much  ui  the  quantitj 
of  colour  in  the  flowers. 

$  ii.  LoMmum  Dec 

Dtrira^laii.    A  iuhk  ipplM  trr  Flbij  lo  HnnB  ipeciM  of  CfMnu. 

Seel.  Char.   Calyx  campanulate.    Pod  many-seeded,  not  dilated  at  the  upper  su- 
ture. Flowers  yellow.   Branches  leafy  and  tmartned.  (D^c.  Frod.,  iLp.  153.) 

t  2.  C.  Lsbu'rhum  L.    The  common  Laburnum. 


XXV.    L£GUMINa'c££:    CY'tISUS. 


I.     ssa 


tTtttWi.    Jni.  Aim.,  t.  MG.  :  Bot.  Klf..  t.  171  ;  N.  Du  Hmm,  S.  t.  <4.  i  Uw  jitU  of  Ihll  U» 

^c.  Cior.,  4-c.  Branches  terete,  whitish.  Leaves  petiolaCe ;  leaflets  ovate-Un- 
ccolate,  pubescent  beneath.  Racemes  pendulous,  simple.  Pedicels  and  ca- 
Ijies  clothed  with  closely  pressed  pubescence.  Legume  linear,  many-seeded, 
clothed  with  closely  pressed  pubescence.  A  low  deciduous  tree.  Native  of 
Enrope,  on  the  lower  mountain 8 of  the  South  of  Oermani ,  and  of  Switierland. 
Hei^t  20  fL  or  upwards.  Introduced  in  1596.  Flowers  yellow;  Hajr  and 
June  Leguntedarkbrown;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves  yellow.  Naked 
young  w(K)d  green. 
rmieliei. 

T  C  L.  2  prndulam  Hort.  has  slender  pendulous  branches. 
1  C.  L.  3  querdJSSum  Hort.,  C.  L.  S  inclsum,  has  siciuated  leaflets,  not 
unlike  the  leaves  of  the  common  oak.    (See  Che  pbte  of  this  variety 
iD  Arb.  Bril.,  1st  «dit.,  *ol.  v.;  and  ourj^.  Ml.) 


*  C.  L.  *  /AS»  variegalu  bas  varie^ted  leaves  ;  but  it  is  a  plant  of  no 
beauty,  and  rarely  seen  in  collections. 

1  C.  L.  itjragntn*  Hort.  —  Flowers  fr^rant.  Wherever  a  number  of 
laburnums  are  found  in  flower  together,  whether  of  this  or  the  other 
species,  the  scent  of  the  blossoms  will  be  found  to  differ  very  con- 
nderablj,  and  occasionally  one  may  be  found  which  may  be  termed 
b^raot ;  hence  the  origin  of  this  variety. 
1  3.  C.  (L.)  ALPi^NVS  Mill-     The  Alpine,  or  ScoUh,  Laburnum. 


AReORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANMICUM. 

;  CjIIh  da  Alpn.  I'Auboan.  Fr.  -,  Uam  K 


Spec,  Char^  ^i,  Brancliei  glabrous  and  terete.  Leaves  petiolale;  leaflet* 
ovate-tanceolate,  rounded  at  the  biise.  Racemes  pendulous.  Pedicels  and 
calyxes  pubenilouB.  Legumes  glabrous,  few-seeded,  Diarginate.  (Don't 
Miil,)  A  dediluoiu  low  tree.  Found  in  Corinthia,  in  tlie  Aljis  of  Juni, 
on  Mount  Cenis,  and  on  the  Apennines.  According  lo  Bonie,  it  is  also 
found  wild  in  Scotland  ;  but,  though  it  is  much  cultivated  in  some  parts  of 
Fifeshire  and  ForfaTHhire,  it  is  far  from  being  indigenous  thcTfc  Hei^t 
SO  ft.  to  30  ft.,  sometimes  much  higher  in  a  state  of  cultivation.  It  «a* 
introduced  into  Britidn  about  the  same  time  as  the  othdr  species,  vii.  1596 ; 
and  was,  probably,  for  a  longtime  confounded  with  it:  for  which  reason  w« 
shall  treat  of  the  two  specici,  or  races,  together.  Flowers  yellow ;  May 
and  June.  Legume  brown ;  ripe  in  October. 
FarielLi. 

I  C.  (L.)  a,  2  pndidai  has  pendulous  branches,  and,  in  the  foliage  and 
legumes,  seems  btercnediate  between  C.  LabLimum  and  C.  (Z..)  al- 
pinua.  This  is  very  obvious  in  a  fine  sp'Mumen  of  this  variety  in  the 
arboretum  of  the  Messrs.  Loddigcs,  as  shown  in  the  plate  in  Arb. 
Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol.  v.  The  pendulous  variety  of  C.  Jjabumum  b 
a  much  less  robust  plant. 
T  C.  ( L.)  a.  3  ptirpuriiccu  Horl.,  C.  L.  purpureum  Nort,,  C.  Adami 
Poir.,  C.  L.  coccineum  Batim.  Cat.,  the  purple  Laburnum,  the  scarlet 
Laburnum,  is  not  a  hybrid  between  C,  Labhruma  and  C.  purpiireus, 
as  was  at  first  supposed,  but  a  sport  from  a  bud  ol  C'^tisus  pur< 
pureus  iiuerted  in  C.  slpinus,in  1825,  by  D.  Adam,  a  nurseryman  at 
Vilry,  near  Paris.  The  flowers  are  of  a  reddish  purple,  slightly 
tinged  with  bu^  and  are  produced  in  pendent  Epikes,  8  in.  or  more 
long.  A  few  years  after  this  sport  was  originated,  it  was  found  that 
it  had  a  strong  tendeacy  to  return  to  the  original  kinds  ;  and  that 
from  one  bud  or  graft,  branches  were  produced  of  the  true  Cytisus 
purpiireus,  of  the  true  Xaburoum  (either  the  A  Ipine  or  the  common. 


XXV.  leouminaYe^:  CTf^xisus.       -  217 

according  to  which  of  these  may  have  heen  chosen  as  the  stock)  with 
yellow  flowers,  and  of  the  purple  laburnum.  This  was  soon  observed 
both  in  France  and  England.  (See  Gard,  Mag.,  vol.  xii.  p.  225., 
vol.  XV.  p.  122.;  and  Arb,  Brit.,  Ist  edit.,  p.  590.)  It  is  a  very  vi- 
gorous, and  somewhat  erect  and  fastigiate,  growing  variety,  having 
produced  shoots  from  6  ft.  to  9  ft.  long  in  one  season  ;  but,  though  it 
has  been  highly  spoken  of  by  some  cultivators,  in  point  of  beauty,  it 
cannot  be  recommended. 
2  C.  (L.)  a.  4  Jragrant  Hort.  —  Blossoms  fragrant.  There  are  plants 
in  the  Hackney  Arboretum. 

^Gller  recognised  C.  Laburnum  and  C.  alplnus  as  species;  but   Linnaeus 
did  not.    Whether  they  are  species  or  varieties,  they  are  cert^unly  very  dis- 
tinct ;  as  much  so,  perhaps,  as  the  Qu^rcus  i26bur  pedunculatum,  and  Q.  R* 
sessiliflonim,  and  like  these  two  oaks  they  come  tnie  from  seed.    Both  sorts, 
being  highly  ornamental,  have  been  extensively  propagated  and  cultivated  in 
British  gardens  and  plantations.     There  are  trees  at  Syon  of  C.  alpinus  above 
40  ft.  higbj  and  some  at  Alnwick  Castle  with  trunks  3  ft.  in  diameter.    The 
beart-wood  of  the  laburnum  is  of  a  dark  colour ;  and,  thoueh  of  rather  a 
coarsegrain,  it  is  very  hard  and  durable :  it  will  take  a  polish,  and  may  be 
node  to  resemble  ebony.    A  cubic  foot  weighs  52  lb.  1 1  oz.  in  a  dried  state. 
The  colour  and  grain  m  the  heart-wood  vary  much,  according  to  the  soil,  and 
tbe  age  of  the  tree.    It  is  darkest  in  the  C.  Xab6rnum,  when  grown  on  poor 
calcareous  soil ;  and  lightest  in  the  C.  (Xr.)  alpinus,  when  grown  in  deep  rich 
soil :  in  which  last  case  its  colour  is  a  sort  of  greenish  black.     It  is  in  much 
demand  among  turners  and  cabinet-makers.    The  ordinary  use  of  the  wood  in 
tbe  North  of  Scotland,  is  to  form  alternate  staves  with  the  wood  of  the  holly, 
or  the  spindle  tree,  in  making  small  noggins,  or  bickers ;  but  it  is  also  used 
^T  the  bowls  of  punch-ladles ;  for  flutes,  and  other  musical  instruments. 
Hares  and  rabbits  being  remarkably  fond  of  the  bark  of  the  laburnum,  it  has 
been  suggested  to  sow  labumum  seeds,  in  order  to  produce  an  undergrowth  in 
plantations  liable  to  be  infested  with  these  animals ;  for,  though  the  plants  are 
eaten  to  the  ground  every  winter,  yet  they  will  spring  up  again  the  next  season, 
and  thus  yield  a  r^ular  supply  of  winter's  food  for  these  kinds  of  game.    As 
an  ornamental  tree,  the  laburnum  has  few  rivals.    The  shape  of  the  head  is 
irregular  and  picturesque ;  its  foliage  is  of  a  smooth,  shining,  and  beautiful 
^reen ;  and,  wnat  is  a  great  recommendation  to  every  ornamental  plant,  it  is 
not  Uable  to  be  preyed  on  by  insects.     Though  the  laburnum  will  grow  in  a 
very  indifferent  soil,  it  requires  a  deep  fertile  sandy  loam  to  attain  a  large  size. 
In  regard  to  situation,  as  the  tree  puts  out  few  horizontal  roots,  and  has  rather 
a  spreading  head,  when  it  grows  rapidly  it  is  apt  to  be  blown  aside  by  high 
vinds  ;  but,  for  the  same  reason,  it  is  less  injurious  to  plants  growing  near  it, 
tban  some  other  ornamental  trees.    For  producing  timber,  it  should  be  placed 
in  masses  in  a  sheltered  situation,  or  in  a  plantation  among  other  trees,  so  as 
to  be  drawn  up  with  a  clear  straight  stem ;  and  when  so  circumstanced,  in 
good  soil,  C,  (L.)  alpinus  will  grow  to  the  height  of  from  35  ft.  to  45  ft.  Both 
C.  Xabumum  and  C,  {L.^  alpinus  are  invariably  raised  from  seed,  and  the 
pendulous  and  other  varieties  are  propagated  by  grafting  or  budding  on  either 
of  the  common  sorts.    The  seeds  are  lit  to  gather  in  October ;  and  they  may 
be  kept  in  the  ]x>d,  in  a  dry  airy  loft,  till  the  March  following,  when  they 
should  be  sown  in  beds  of  light  soil,  at  about  an  inch  apart  every  way,  and 
covered  about  half  an  inch  or  three  quarters  of  an  inch  thick.   Half  the  plants 
which  come  up  will  be  fit  for  transplanting  into  nursery  lines  in  the  November 
ibUowing. 

•  4.  C.  Welden//  Vis.    Welden's  Cytisus. 

Un^fieatioH.    Vieiani  PI.  Dalm.  Ex.  Bot.  Zeit.,  Jan.  1830.,  p.  52. ;  Don's  Mill.,  2.  p.  lU. ;  Hort. 

FL  Auitr.,  2.  p.  339. ;  Bot.  Reg.,  1838,  Month.  Reg.,  Ko.  122. 
Bagrmna^.    Our  Jlg»  343.  from  a  drawing  kindly  lent  us  bj  tbe  late  Baron  Jacquin. 

Sipec,  Ckar^  Sfc,     Erect.   Leaves  temate,  petiolate  ;  leaflets  elliptic,  entire,  cu- 


ZIO  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

nested  at  the  baae,  andobcuae  at  the  apex,  smooth.  Racemes  terminal,  st.ilktd, 

Eyramtdal,  Htraight;  pedicels 
oary  and  villous.  Culyxea 
campanulate,  3-lobed;  lobes 
tomentosely  eiliated.Corolla 
glabrons,  but  the  carina  is 
clothed  with  silky  villi.  Le- 
gume glabrous,  mucronate 
by  the  st>le.  (Don'.MU.) 
An  erect  woody  shrub,  re- 
sembling a  labunium.  Dal- 
mstia,  in  woods  on  moun- 
tains. Height  2  ft.  to 3  ft.; 
6  ft.  to  8  ft.  in  gardens.  In- 
troduced in  1937,     Flowers 


The  rBcemea  are  erect,  and 
do  not  droop  even  when  in 
fruit.  The  seeds  are  still  more 
poisonous  than  those  of  the 
common  laburnum,  and  the 
scent   of  the    flowers  causes 

headach.     The  milk  of  the  **"■  «»""W'"'«- 

goats  which  feed  upon  the  flowers.  Baron  Welden  observes,  produces  the  same 
effect,  only  more  severely,  upon  those  who  drink  it. 

■  5.  C.  ni'gricans  L.     The  black  Cytisui. 
Uivtlficaliim.    UD.Sp.,IMl.;  DH.Fr<i4.,«.p.  lU.i  Don't  MIU.. 
EnpB^infi.    Jicq.  Anitr.,  I.  Kt.  \   BoL  Ret',  i-  V». ;  aiid  our 

Spec.  Char,,  ifc.     Branches  round,  twiggy.     Leaves 

stalked,  and  clothed  with   closely  pressed   down 

beneath,  as  well   as   the  branches,   calyxes,  and 

pods!  leaflets  elliptic.      Racemes  elongated,  fer- 

minal,  erect.      Calyxes  without  bracteas.     {Dec. 

Prod.)   A  handsome  deciduous  shrub.    Piedcnont, 

Vallau,  and  Bohemia.  On  hills  and  along  way- 
sides.    Height  3  ft.  to  6  ft.     Introduced  in  1730. 

Flowers  yellow  i   June  and  July.     L^u me  black  j 

ripe  in  October.      The  whole  plant  turns  black  t 

.when  drying  ;  whence  the  specinc  name. 

It  ripens  seed  m  abundance ;  and  it  may  also  be 
propagated  by  grafting  on  C.  2,dbfiTiium,  thus  form- 
iDg  a  handsome  standard.  e»>i-""*ri— » 

a  6.  C.  sessil.ipo'liiis  L.     The  sessile-leaved  Cytdsus. 

JimlMraam.    Lin.  Sp.,  lUl.  i  Dtc.  Prod.,  1  p.  IAS.  t  Don'i  Hill.,  I.  p.  lu. 
gnttvrmgl.    I.ui>.  IlC,  I.  G^S.  r.  1 1  BoL  M>(..  t.  160. ;  ml  our  J^i,  S46.  and  MS. 

Spec.  0iar^  4^.  The  whole  plant  quite  smooth.  Branches  round.  Floral 
leaves  almost  sessile,  and  leaflets  ovate.  Racemes  terminal,  short,  and  erect  -,. 
each  calyx  having  a  3-ieaved  bractea  under  it.  fiJrc.  Prod.)  A  shnib,  witb 
upright  branches,  and  smooth  shining  leaves.  Native  of  France  and  Pied- 
mont. Hoght  4 ft.  to  7  ft.  Introduced  in  1569.  Flowers  yellow;  M«y 
and  Jun&  Legume  black  ;  ripe  in  October. 
Id  very  general  cultivatian  in  British  gardens,  generally  a»  a  bush,  but  oome- 


XXV,  lequhiha'ce^  :  nr'Tisus. 

times  graced  standard  high  on  the 
laburnum ;  when  it  fonns  a  very 
formal,  sjniinetrical,  round-headed, 
,  Bmall  tree,  which,  liowever,  is 
highly  beautiful  when  in  flower. 
We  have  given  two  figures  of 
this  species,  both  drawn  to  the 
same  scale,  to  show  how  much  it 
vsries  in  the  ma^itude  and  general 
appearance  of  its  foliage,  accord- 
ing to  soil  and  aituatiun.  Plants 
^fted  standard  high 
in  the  London - 


s  L'Heril.     The  three-flowered  Cytisus. 


Irtiakiitim,    L'Hfrit.   Sllrp,,  IM.;   Dei 
rvmfme.    C-  tIIIJHiu  Pour.  Ad.  Timl.  9, 


Jjw;  Ciar^  ^c.  The  whole  plant  hairy.  Branches 
rouiid.  Leaves  petiolate  1  leaflets  ovate-elliptic.  Flow- 
en  axillary,  pedicellate, 


X  the  tops  of  the  brauches.  (Dec  Prod.)  A 
ttraggiiae  huiry  shrub,  closelv  resembling  C.  capitatui 
and  C.  hirsiitus.  South  of  France,  Italy,  Sicily,  and 
Mauritania.    Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.     Introduced  in  1640, 


Fretfuent  in  gardens,  sometimes  grafted  standard  high  ; 
but  neither  as  a  atam^rd  nor  as  a  dwarf  b  it  of  great  duratioti.     It  should 
be  planted  in  an  airy  situation. 


The  spreading  Cytisus. 


A  8.  C.  ri 

LLd.  SyM.  V6l.  iH 

Sm.  FlLut^t.  p. 40.;  Suouimniu 
Wf»Ay.    Our  A.  MS. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Branches  striated  and  pubescent.  Leaves 
trifoiiolate,  petiolate  ;  the  upper  ones  sunple,  and  obovate, 
u  are  the  leaflets ;  covered  with  closely  pressed  down. 
Flowers  Bxillary,  usually  in  pairs,  pedicellate,  nodding. 
Podsvery  hairy.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  spreading  shrub.  Native 
of  Portugal.  He^ht  4  ft.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  in  IT52. 
Flowers  yellow ;  June  and  July.  Legume  dark  brown,  or 
Uack ;  ripe  in  October. 
A  very  handsome  shrub,  especially  when  crafted  standard 

high,  not  so  cocnnion  in  collections  as  it  ought  to  be.  ••*■  ciiimm,uam. 

Linit,     Hie  common  Broom. 

IH.  1  Don-i  MUL,  1.  p.  lU. 
£■(.  Bel.  1339.  ;  Gniliu  icoplrli  Imh. 
r<I*.  1*4.  ;  GmtllBiIili.  OniMcoinDUIl, 

,IIM.iDdoi>rA.Mt. 
re.  Branches  angled,  f;lBbroua.  Leaves  petioled,  trifoiiolate  ; 
le  uppermoBt  umple;  these  and  the  leaflets  oblong.  Flowers  axillary,  pe- 
uiceled,  solitary.  If^mes  pilose  at  the  margins.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  shrub, 
ercigTGen  fixim  the  colour  <^  ita  numerous  young  shoots.  Native  c^  dry 
sandy  or  gravelly  soils,  throughout  Europe.    Height  3  ft.  to  12  ft,  i 


220  ARBORETUM    ET    FBUTICETUM    BRITANHICUM. 


to  the  soil  nnd  situation.     Flowera  large,  jellow  ;  May  and  June.    Legume 
black ;  ripe  in  September.     Naked  young  wood  green. 

FarirtiVf. 

*  C.  B.  S  ilbui  HorL  has  the  flowers  white,  or  of  a  very  pale  yellow. 

*  C.  e.  SJtore  plena  Hart,  has  flowers  slightly  double. 

The  roots  are  straight,  and  penetrate  perpendicularly  to  a  great  depth.  The 
leaves  are  trifoliolate  or  simple ;  the  branches  numerous,  long,  straight,  angular, 
dark  green,  smooth,  and  tough.  The  floweni  are  of  a  deep  goldeo  yellow, 
sometimes  tinged   with  orange,  and  occasionallv  of  a   "'  ' 

colour :  they  are  succeeded  by  pods  above  an  incn  Jong, 
black  when  ripe,  and  each  containing  15  or  16  seeds. 
The  flowers  are  larger  than  those  of  any  other  species 
of  the  genus ;  and,  were  the  plant  not  so  common  in 
a  wild  state,  it  would,  doubtless,  be  considered  the 
most  ornamental.  The  whole  plant  is  exceedingly  tough, 
and  bitter  to  the  taste,  and  has  a  strong  disagreeable 
smell.  Though  it  is  at  present  comparatively  neglected, 
yet  in  former  times  it  was  one  of  very  great  importance 
ID  rural  anddomestic  economy.  The  branches  are  eaten 
by  sheep  and  cattle  (  and,  on  poor  gravelly  soils,  fonned, 
"before  the  general  improvement  of  grass  lands  which 
has  taken  place  within  the  last  century,  the  principal 
herbage.  One  of  the  principal  modem  uses  of  the  broom, 
both  in  Britun  and  on  the  Continent,  ia  to  form 
brooms,  or  besoms;  for  which  purpose,  as  the  specific 
Dame  would  imply,  it  appears  to  have  been  used  from 
time  immemorial.  The  young  shoots  were  formerly 
used  as  a  Bubslitute  for  hops  in  brewing  beer;  and  the 
flower-buda,just  before  they  become  jeliow,  were  pickled 
in  the  manner  of  capers.  The  tops  and  leaves  are  di 
In  the  North  of  Scotland,  a  decoction  of  the  recent 


.     _..     !  is  used  by  shep- 

,  instead  of  tobacco  water.     The  broom 
ig  to   M.  Hartig,  retaiD   thdr 
germinatins  quality  for  a  very  long  time ;  some  that  he  kept  25  years,  in  a 
room  whicb  was  occupied,  having  come  up  as  readily  as  new  seed. 


herds,  for  dressing  the  backs  of  sheep,  n 

produces  abundance  of  seeds,  which,  according  t 


DrrlraHtii.    Frsra  tajfi .  < 


j  iii.    Califc6t07ne  Link. 

•Ifi.  ud  Uml,  (cutting;  In  nreriiKv (d tti* alrx.  thsopixTnutaf 
I  uff.  Id  HKta  ■  mumH'  in  la  glr*  Uie  nmulolci  Um  ippevum  of  bclni 

Seel,  Char.  Calyx  campanuUte,  somewhat  bilabiate,  at  len^  becoming  trun- 
cate. Pod  thickened  on  the  upper  auture.  Shrubs  with  spiny  branches 
and  yellow  flowers,  (fiec.  Prod.) 

A  10.  C.  iPiNo'sus  Lam.     The  spiny  Cytiaua. 
Uentt/UaHeiir  VtBi.  Diet.,  l.p.  MT.i  Dk.  Prod.,  l.p.  IM;  D< 
&ip^lnp.   iTBuh.  HIK.,  1.  p.  £  p.  US.,  Ino.  1  Lok  Icon.,  S.  t.  99. )  ud  oaifig. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^e.    Branches  angled,  spiny.     Leaves  trifoliolate  ;  , 
leaflets   obovate-oblong.      L^umes   perfectly  smooth.    {Dec, 
Prod.)     An  upright  spiny  shrub.     Upon  hills  and  rough  places    ' 
from   Perpignan   to  Genoa,  in   Cordca,  and  in   the  Algerine  ° 
country.     Hdght  8  ft.  to  10  ft.     Introduced  in  1596.     Flowers   ' 
yellow  i  June  and  July.    Legume  black  ;  ripe  in  October. 
Here  are  plants  in  the  Hort,  Soc.  Garden. 


f.  lU.  i  Webb  ItB 


XXV.  leoomina'ce^:  cy  tisus. 
■•  11,  C.  tridbactboi^aVus  Webb.     The  chree-brocted  Cyti»a» 


£>cnMi(i.  OH*  HifpuLri.S-udaurj^.  Wl.' 
^lec.  dor.,  ^c.  Decumbent,  Branches  tetta^nal, 
diisricaEe,  rigid,  obtuse.  LeaTet  trifolioUte, 
Tenicillsiely  sub-oppoaite ;  leafleta  ovate-elliptic, 
iJighil)'  obtuse  at  the  apex,  retose,  with  ash- 
coloured  silkj  down,  petiolulate.  Comoion  petiole 
none,  or  coherii^  with  the  branch.  Flowers  axil- 
lai^,  clustered,  peduncuUte,  Calvi  bilabiate, 
hary;  upper  lip  cut  to  the  middle  in  narrow 
acute  segments  ;  lower  lip  longer,  narrow,  3- 
toothed;  middle  tooth  longest,  supported  at  the 
base  by  three  ovate  closely  pressed  bracts, 
(Wrii,  OUaHitp.)  A  decumbent  shrub,  ever- 
grten  from  the  colour  o(  its  bark.  Spun  near  Medina  Sidonia, 
nits  of  tnonutains.  Hdght  1  Tt,  to  3  ft.  Introduced  in  1838. 
jellow;  May.     Legume?. 

•  18.  C.  hAHi'oKRVi  2}fc.     The  wool-bearing  Cytisus. 


^m.  Char.,  ^e.  Branches  furrowed,  spiny.  Leaves  tri- 
ftiliolate ;  leaflets  obovate-elliptical.  Legumes  very  hairy 
in  a  woolly  manner,  {Dec,  Prod.)  A  spiny  shrub, 
ronnd  wild  on  hills  and  in  rough  places  in  Corbiea, 
Crete,  the  Archipelago,  Mauritania,  Gibraltar,  and  Por- 
tugal Height  2  ft,  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  Iggl, 
Flowers  yellow ;  June  and  July,  L^ume  dark  brown, 
or  black  ;  ripe  in  October. 

•  C.  /.  B  rfgidui  Dec,  —  Spines  very  strong. 
Not  conuQon  in  collections,  and  in  all  probability  it  is 
natbing  more  than  a  rariety  of  the  preceding  species,  ^^  ^  uu^j- 

f  iv,    Tuioc^stti  Dec. 

DrImMk.    FB»i«i»w,«liili«,«od^tfnBi  lo«far»ii»[oaietiil>uliirik»(Mor  ihicElji. 
Sfrt.  Olor.     Caljs  tubular,  with  the  apex  tonthed-lipped.     Thomless  shrubs. 
{Dec.  Prod.,  a.  p.  155.) 

A,  Fioveri  tuAile  or  wAtfiiA. 
J  13.  C.  I.euca'hthus  tValdtl.  ct  Kit.     The  white-aowered 

HnOfiaMtii.    Wildtt.  M  KlL,  3.  p.  Ml. ;  D«.  FnxL,  3.  p.  IBH ;  Bon'i  MID.. 

tmgrn^igt    Bat  Hig..!.  14M.1  andmrjIg.US. 

Sptc.  Char.,3^c.  Stem  erect.  Branches  round,  and,  as  well 
as  the  leavea,  cbthed  with  closely  pressed  pubescence.  Leaf* 
lets  elliptic  and  arute.  Flowers  at  the  points  of  the  branches; 
head*  of  Rowers  bracteated  by  two  leaves.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A 
downy  shrub,  Croatia,  in  woods.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft. 
Introduced  in  1806.  Flowers  yellowish  white ;  June  and 
July.     X-egume  black  ;  ripe  in  Uctober.  *>*•  on-^nhK 


22'2  ARROntTUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

Very  omatnental,  tind  well  deserving  a  place  among  other  «pecies  of  the 
genua.     It  forma  a  banilsonie  ohjcct  grafted  standard  high. 

B.  Ftoiceri  pvijtU. 

-1  14.  C.  puRpuBEUS  Scop.     The purple:/!oi(N!rn/ CytitUB. 

lintigicallai.    Snrp.  Cun..  Ko.  901  (.43.1  Drc.  Prad..r  p.  1(.V;  I>on'iMJII.,l.p,  IK. 
Etttrnriiitt.    Jacq.  Aiul.    Apwnd..  L  IS.:  Lodd.  But,  C*b.,  t  8K.  i    But.  Uu.,  I.  UI6l  i  ml  nir 

Spec.  Char.,  lie  Stems  procumlient,  twiggy.  Leaves,  calyxes,  and  legumea 
glabrous.  Leaflets  oblong.  Flowers  axillary,  solitary,  on  short  pedicels. 
(Don't  MiU.)  A  procumbent  shruh.  Native  o(  Carniola  in  exposed  pluxa. 
Hnght  1  ft.  Introduced  in  1792.  Flowers  purple; 
May  to  August.  Legume  black  ;  ripe  in  October. 
Varietin. 

Jt  Cp.  2  Jlire  alba  Hort.  has  the  flower*  of  a  pure 

white. 
J  C.  p.  ZJI'are  roico. — Flowers  rose-colotxred.   Plants 
in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

or  all  the   different   species   of  Cf- 

tisus,  when   grafted    on   ibe   laburnum 

I  standard    high,    this    forms   the   most 

I  graceful  tree  ;  and  a  plant  of  it  covered 

with   its    purple   flowers,   placed   on   a 

lawn,  or  in  a  border  near  a  standard  of 

.   Genista     trtquetra,    covered    with     its 

golden   yellow  flowers,  will   produce   a 

very  striking  effect.   The  Eingular  hybrid 

itt.  c^Bpbm       '""  "?■"■*  formed  between  this  plant  and  the  liiburnum  hai 

been  already  described,  p.  2IG. 

C.  Flotoerl  yelluui. 

m  15.  C.  ELOKOA^us  Waldtl.  tl  Kit.     The 

elongated  Oytisus. 
Unuffical/m.    Waldit.  «  Kll.  Hung..  S.  p.  900.  t.  1S3.|  Dtc 
frvminvl.    WlilcUt.  M  Kll.  Hung.,  L  IB3,  ;  and  our  JS(.  aAO. 

Spec.  Char.,  ifc.  Stems  erect.  Brunches  elon- 
gated and  round ;  young  ones  bairy.  LeaHeta 
obovate,  clothed  'beneath  with  closely  pressed 
hairs.  Flowers  lateral,  usually  in  fours,  on  short 
pedicels.  Calyxes  hair^.  [Dec.  Prod.)  An  erect 
pubescent  shrub.  Native  of  Hungary,  in  woods. 
Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  I8U4.  Flowers 
yellow  ;  May  and  June.  Legume  dark  brown, 
or  black  ;  ripe  in  September. 
In  H.  S.  Garden,  and  at  Messrs,  Loddiges's. 

M  16.  C.  mdltiflo'rus  Lmdl.    The  many- 

flowered  Cylisus. 

Hni(tl>™Mn>.   Undi.  Dot,  ltc(.,E.  Il9].i  Don-i  IdUI.,  I.p.iw. 

g  nulIUlinii  'SoT^Toi.  1.  p.  lU. 
XMrw«V(.    LindUBot.  Bug,!,  liai.i  udoar  A-39T. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.     Stems  erect.    Branches  elon- 
gated, terete,  younger  ones  villous.      Leaflets 
oblong,  tapering  to  the  base,  villous  beneath, 
and    of  the  same   colour   on    both    surfaces,         ''"■  m"™*"!""' 
Plowen  iifiially  tecaary.     Pedicels  about  equal  in   length   to  the  pctiolta 


XXV,    LEOITHINA^CE^:    CY'TISUS,  223 

Veiitlumenumnate,  undulated.  (Don'i  Mili.)   Adownyahrub.    Native  of 
Europe.    Hdght  8  ft.  to3ft.     Introduced  in  IBOO.    Flowers  jellow ;  May 
md  Juoe.    L^me  black ;  ripe  in  September, 
It  iftptara  to  us  to  be  only  a  variety  of  the  preceding  specie*. 


.■  17.  C.  PAix:i"TUs  Waldit.  et  Kit.     The  mkl&Jit/r-poiiled  Cytisus. 


UaaifaHiim.    Lis.  Sp.,  IMl  j  Db.  Pnd-.S,  p.  IU. -.  Don'i  Hill.,  1.  p.  IK. 

r u..,    . ■"   -  J.,  P»U.  llln..nlG.L,l.lOll.tlj   J«q.  AuiIr.tSl.illrf 


M  KlL  HuDf  .,1.  L  338,  i  ud  DUI  |l(.  iM. 

4^>ft:.  Char.,  ij-c.  Stems  declin ate  Branches  round  and  twiggy;  the  young 
ones,  Bfl  veil  as  the  leaves,  do tbed  with  closely  preaned  hairy  down.  Petioles 
hniT-  Flowers  u^iually  in  threes,  lateral,  and  on  short  peduncles.  Gilyxes 
clotbed  with  closely  pressed  hairs.  (Dec.  Fred.)  A  downy  shrub.  Native 
of  Croatia,  the  South  of  RuKsio,  and  Oallicia.  Hoght  3  ft,  to  4  ft,  Introd. 
1816,     Flowers  yellow t  June  to  August.  Legume  black;  ripe  in  October. 

fanrtiei.  C,  trifldrus  Liid.,  C.  ruthenicuB  Lod.,  C  decQmbens  Lod.,  ere 
apparently  all  varieties  of  this  species. 

ji  16,  C.  AUSTurACUs  L.  The  Austrian  Cydsut. 

— . Lh 

ttrtwnM.    tea 
A. »»-  tbovf. 

^xc.  Char.,  ^c.  Steins  upright.  Branches  round  and  twiggy,  and,  as  well  as 
the  le*ves,  clothed  with  closely  piessed  strigoae  pubescence.  Leaflets  lan- 
ceolate, attenuated  at  both  ends.  Flowers  terminal,  somewhat  umbellate. 
Calyxes  and  legumes  rather  hairy.  (Zfec.  Prod.)  An  upright  downy  shrub. 
Pound  in  woods  and  rough  places  in  Austria,  Upper  Italy,  the  Ukraine, 
■od  Siberia.  Height  2  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1741.  Flowers  yellow  ; 
July  to  September.  Lc^me  black ;  ripe  in  November. 
Tonety. 

ft  C.  a.  3  nom  Lod.  hat  the  leaves  much  smaller  than 
the  species,  and  seems  to  be  an  erect,  and  very  dia> 
tinct  variety. 
-t  19,   C.  suPi^us  Jacq.     The  supine  Cytisus. 

.    J<Di.FLAiulr.].t.lCl.iI>tcProd.,lp.lK.iI>aD'iHUl,l 


Zr^^f.     Cla.  HliC,  p.  X..  Na.  ;.,  kon,;  J*cq.  F1.  AuiR.,  1.  I.  M.)  ud 

•or  A- MO- 

^icr.  Ckar^  ^c.  Stems  branched  and  decumbent.  Brsnchei 
round,  and,  when  young,  rather  hairy  ;  adult  ones  smooth. 
Leadeta  obovate,  hairy  beneath.  Flowers  2 — t,  usually 
tominal  and  pedunculate.  Calyxes  and  pods  sli^tly  hairy. 


224  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUM. 

(Oec.  Prod.)  A  decumbent  hairy  shrub.  Native  of  Belgium,  Austria 
Pannonia,  Siberia,  Turkey,  and  Dauphine,  botli  on  ciposeJ  hills,  and  \i 
sheltered  bushy  places.  Height  1  ft.  Introduced  in  17M.  Flowers  pali 
yellow,  with  the  standard  reddish ;  May  to  August.  Legume  dark  brown 
OT  black ;  rip«  in  November. 

M  20.  C.  hirsu'tus  L.     The  hiury  Cylisus. 


-n«r<>ni»iu  Loiul.  In  N.  Du  Uun.,  9.  p.  1ST. 

^xc.  Giar.,i[c.  Stems  decumbent  Branches  round  and  twiggy;  when  young 
hairy,  but  smooth  when  old.  Leaflets  omCe,  hairy  beneath!  Flowers  latem 
on  very  short  pedicda,  aggregate.  Calyxes  and  pods  bairy.  (JJec,  Prod.)  A 
decumbent  hoary  shrub.  Found  in  rugged  places  Trom  tienoa  to  Hungary 
Height  t  ft.  Introduced  in  1739.  Flowers  yellow  ;  >Iune  to  August.  Le- 
gume black  :  tipe  in  October.  Closely  resembling  the  C.  capiiatus,  ant 
C.  triflArus  of  Loddigeii's  arboretum. 

M  21.  C.  CAPiTA^tig  Jaoj.     The  headed:^'''''^  Cytisus. 

MnuifltaliiM.    Juq,  F1.  Aiutr..t.33.i  DK.Prad.1  |l  IK.;  Don't  Mill..  1.  p.  ]% 
Srmms/ma.    C.  hlniltui  Lam.  Diet  t.  p.  9M. ;  C.  luplpiu  Lin.  Sp.  lOtO. 
engratinil.    Lodd.  Bet  Cili_t.49T.i  uulour^.  361. 

Sprc.  Char,,  .J-c.    Stems  and  branches  erect,  the  latter  hispid.  ^W  j 
Leaflets   orate-elliptic,   hairy.    Flowers   numerous,   and   li     " 
forming  heads  at  the  points  of  the  branches  ;  but  some-  ?    . 
times  lateral  in  the  autumn.     Calyxes  and  pods  covered  ^'  ' 
with  short  hairs.  (Der.  Prod.)     An  uprij-bt  hoary  shrub. 
Found  wild  on  the  edges  of  woods  in  Burgundy,  Italv, 
and  Austria.     Height  2  ft.  to  4  ttl     Introduced  in   1774^ 
Flowers  yellow  ;   June  and  July.     L^ume  dark  brown,      «,.  c  „,uh» 
or  black  ;  ripe  in  October. 

Varicliet  or  Synonyma.  Cj'tisus  austrlacus  Lod.,  C.  canteens  FucA.  ofG"<l. 
C.  ural^naiB  Lod.,  C.  calyctnus  Led.,  C.  parrifDIius  Lod..  C.  hir.ulu< 
Lod.,  C.  supinus  Lod.,  appear  to  be  ell  varieties  of  C.  capititus,  or  ii 
some  cases,  perhaps,  identical  with  that  species. 

.B  22.  C.  ciliaVus  WahletA.     The  dliated.pHfi/<Nf  Cytisui. 

linilifiaaUn.    Wihlnb.  F1.  Cirp,3]». ;  Dn.  Prod,,!,  p.  IKj  Dod'i  MUL.S.  p,  1H. 

Entmini.    Qaiff      ■  '"A-      . 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Stems  upright.  Branches  smimth  when  old,  but  when  jtmof 
hispid.  Leaflets  obovat«,  clothed  beneath  with  closely  pressed  hairs.  Flower 
approximate  in  threes,  at  length  lateral.  Pods  glidirous  and  ciliated.  {Dee 
Prod.)  A  hispid  shrub.  Native  of  the  Carpathian  Mountains.  Heieh 
2ft:.  to  4 It.  Introduced  in  1817.  Flowers  yellow;  June  and  July.  Le 
gume  black  ;  ripe  in  October. 

M  2S.  C.  polt'tbichiis  Bieb.     The  many-haired  Cytisus, 

:  Dk.  Prod..  9.  p.l6G.;  Dod'iH]]1.,S.  p.  IM. 

Spec,  CAoT.,  ^e.  Stems  declinate.  Branches  hispid.  Leaflets  obovate-ellip 
tic.  Flowers  lateral,  usually  in  pairs,  pedicellate.  Calyxes  and  pods  hairj 
(Dec.  Prod.)  A  recumbent  shrub.  Found  in  pine  forests,  on  high  moun 
tains,  in  Tauria.  Height  S  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1818.  Flowers  yellow 
June  and  July.  L^me  black  ;  ripe  in  October.  DeCandolle  obserra  ( 
it,  that  it  has  the  hainnessof  C.  capititus,  the  disposition  of  the  flowcn  < 
C.  hirsaius,  and  the  habit  of  C.  supinus. 


XXV.  leoumina'ce^:  cy'tisus. 


}  V.  \jotoides  Dec. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Tube  of  the  calyx  abort,  obconlcul ;  the  upper  lip  2-parte<l. 
the  lower  3-tootheil.  Corolla  hardlj' longer  than  the  cslyx.  At  any-stemmed 
decumbent  shrubs,  deciiluous,  with  few  flowers,  generally  cnpitate  and  ter- 
minal, and  all  yellow.  (Dec.  Prod.) 

JE  2i.  C.  irob'nteus  L.     The  «ilvery  Cytisus. 

Ilrmiiiknatm.    IJd.  Sp.,  lOU. ;  tliic  Prod.,  i.  p.  1H. ;  Doo'i  MUL,  1.  p.  \». 
SftB^mi,    Unuu^uiu  Jtrol.  A.  Lw.  I  p.  119. 
f-t'^'V-    L«tiLln»..>.p.tLr.l.;  uiloiirjtt.Mt. 

Spec,  char.,  !fc.     Stems  decumbent.     Leaves,  cntyxea,  corol 
and  pods  clothed  with  a  closely  pressed  silky  down.    Leaves 
petiolate,  trifoliolate  ;   leaflets  oblong-lanceolate.      Flowers   i 
3— 4,  produced  at   the  points  of  the  shoots.    (Dec.  Prod.) 
A  decumbent   shrub.     Native   of  Comiola,   the    South   of  '\ 
France,  and  Mauritania.     Height  I  1^.     Introduced  in  1T39. 
Flowen  yellow;   August.     Legume  black;  ripe  in  October. 
A  alky  siUo^ -looking  shrub,  from  the  prevalence  of  closely 

prened  lilky  down  over  all  its  part*;  noticed  in  the  apecific  charaeter,  and 


wbence  it  derives  it 


.  C.  cALTCi'Ntjg  Mtb.     The  jorjr-calyxed  Cyti 
>.  n  T*iir.,  t.  p.  IM.  t  Dk  Prod.,  1  p.  in. ;   1 


5s;.' 


Spec.  CAor.,  ^.  Stemi  aicending.  Leaves,  catysea,  and 
pods  somewhat  hairy  from  spreading  down.  Leaves 
trifoliolate  and  petiolate.  Leaflels  roundish,  obovale. 
Flowers  terminaJ,  from  S  to  8  together.  (Dec.  Prod.) 
A  prostrate  ahrub,  with  trailing  branches,  (he  ends  of 
which  grow  upriBht.  Found  in  stony  places  on  Mount 
Caucasus.  Hd^t  1  ft.  Introduced  in  1820.  Flowers 
yellow  ;  August     Legume  black ;  ripe  in  October. 

.*  86.  C.  ka'nus  WiUd.     The  dwarf  Cytisu 


Spte.  Ckar.,  ^c.     Stems  cylindrical.     Leaves  trifo- 
liolate, obovate,  clothed  with  strigose pubescence 
beneath,  and  smooth  above.     Raceme  tenninal, 
■ecund,  usually  4-flowered.      Calyx  deeply  3- 
parteil ;  hairs  on  the  stemt  and  peduncles  ad- 
pressed,   (DoaU  Mm.)     A  proctunbent  ehrub. 
Native  of  the  Levant.    Ilelgfat  1  ft.     Inirod.  In 
18I6.     Flowers  yeUow ;  June  and  July.     Le- 
gume black  i  ripe  in  October. 
This  ii  a  beautifiil  little  shrub  for  rockwork 
and  if  planted  in   dry  sandy  soil,  covered 
broad   ^t  stones  to  retain  the  moisture  during 
the  hot  weather  of  July,  it  will  continue  flowering 
daring  the   whole  of  that  month,   and   produce 
(tnn&nce  of  seeds)  which  nay  be  sent  to  any 
ifctwice  m  the  pod*. 


%^:x. 


ARBORETUM    ET    I'RUTICETUM    BRITANNICIM. 

}  vi.   Chroninihus  Dec. 


&cf.  ChaT.  Calyx  with  the  upper  lip  bifid,  and  ihe  lower  one  trifid  ;  lobei 
acute,  of  the  sunie  length  aa  the  tube.  Petals  penuanenC.  L^uiue  oval, 
much  comprcBst-d,  a-secded.  (Dee.  Prod.,  ii.  p.  157.) 

M  27.  C.  orienta'lis  Zaiu.     The  Oriental  C]  tisua. 

N.  DuHim..  »  o.  IK.;  J)nii'iUm..l.p,  l». 
.    Pluk.  PhTl.,  I.'si.  r  1.1  uhI  our  Jt(.  9«i. 

^lec.  Char.,  S^c.     Stemi  erect,  hairy.     Leaves   almost   sesii 
trifuliolate,  buir^ ;   leaflets  linear,  acute.     Flowers  large  and  ■ 
yellow,  subterminal,  on  short  pedicels,  und  few.     The  flowers 
and  pods  are  bath  glabrous.     Calyx  hiiiry,  more  5.cleft  than  | 
bilabiate.    {Dec.   Prod.,   ii.  p.  137.}     An  erect  hairy  shrub 
Native  of  the  Levant.     Height  8  ft.  to  3  ft.     Litroduced  ii 
IB18.     Flowers  yellow,  large  and  pergi stent ;  June  and  July.  ' 
Legume  black ;  ripe  in  October.  wa.  r.  ^tmm. 

Other  Speaa  ofCyluui. — This  genus,  in  British  gardens,  ia  in  such  a  state^f 
confusion,  that  nothing  can  be  done  in  it  satiEfactorily  till  all  the  kinds  are 
collected  together,  and  cultivated  for  two  or  three  years  till  Ibey  show  their 
Sowers  and  fruit.  Perhaps  two  thirds  of  the  alleged  species  in  the  London 
gardens  are  only  varieties.     In  the  mean  time,  all  that  a  cultirHtor  can  do  is  lo 

Erocure  as  many  kinds  as  he  can;  and  in  the  collection  of  Messrs.  Loddiges 
e  will  find  the  greater  Duml)er  of  those  above  described,  though  some  of  them 
have  been  killed  by  the  winter  of  1937-8.    Among  the  species  probably  hardy, 
by  &r  the  handsomest  in  point  of  foliage  is  the  C.  irdiicat  Ouss.  (Bot.  Reg. 
(.  190^.,  and  ourj^.  366.) 
It    is  a   tall,   very   hoary 
shrub.  A  native  ut'  Stroin- 


^  pubescent,    yellow,    cam- 

[lanulate,   end  the   young 
egumes  glabrous.     It  has 
k  the  appearance,  Dr.  Lind- 
ley  observes,  of  being  a" 
intermediate    species    bi 
tween  C.  Labljrnum   and 
Ctriflorus.  (See  Arb.  Br., 
t   Isted.,  p.  £551.)       C.  ra- 
•  cemtaui   Maraock    (Flor. 
US.  ctv—ma^rm.  jigg^  ,,g]  jj    ^  [a  .  ^j  g^^   ,     gg^  J  ^  ^  hand- 

■ome  shrub,  of  moderately  robust  habit;  a  native  of  the  Peak  of  Teneri&e. 
Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1835.  The  flowers  are  terminal,  in  a 
apike  about  6  in.  In  length,  and  of  a  bright  yellow.  There  were  plants  in  the 
Epsom  Nursery  in  1838.  Many  other  species  of  C^tisua  are  described  by 
authors,  for  which  we  refer  to  Don's  MitJgr,  Webb's  Her  Hitpatuauc,  Bois- 
Aef»  EUnehiu  Planiarum,  Duby  and  DeCandoUe's  Botaniam  Galticum,  and 
the  first  edition  of  this  Arboretum.  Many  genera  of  ligneous  plants  require  to 
be  cultivated  together,  in  the  same  garden,  in  order  to  settle  their  nomen- 
clature: but  while  some  of  these,  as  Quercus,  i^nus,  &c.,  would  consume  the 
greater  part  of  a  lifetime  in  procuring  them  from  the  different  quarters  of  the 
world,  and  wailing  till  they  came  into  flower,  the  genera  Gentsts,  Cytisus, 
and  Adeuocirpus  are  almost  ekclusively  European,  and  might  be  collected  in 
tbc  course  of  one  year ;  while,  in  three  years  after  the  seed*  were  sown,  the 
plants  would  in  most  cases  come  into  flower.  It  is  surprising,  therefore,  that 
tome  amateur  of  leisure  doea  not  undertake  their  arrangement. 


XXV.    LEGUMIN'ACEf:    ADENOCA  RPUS. 


i^ 


ADENOCA'RPUS  l)rc.     The  Adbhocarci;!!.     Im.  Sytt.  Moniidelphie 
Derindria. 

tlnl^kMlton.    Dfi.  Fl.  Fr.  Supp..  MS.  ;  l.Jg.  Hfn...  6.  j  Prod,.  J.  p.  IM,  i  Don'!  Mill,,  ).  p,  1ST. 
fudlclku  fluiM. 

Gtn.  Char.  Calyx  obconicul,  usually  beset  with  glanda,  bilabiate ;  upper  lip  bl- 
paitiie,  lower  one  longer  and  trifid.  Carina  obtuse,  enclosing  the  stamens  and 
pistils.  Stameiu  monadelphous-  Legame  oblong,  compreEsed.  [Doti'i  Mil/.) 
Leaeei  compound,  triioliolate.  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous.  Flowcn 
felkiw  in  all  the  species.  —  Shrubs,  strag^iling,  of  short  duration,  eomewfaat 
crergreen  from  the  colour  of  tbeir  young  shoots;  natives  cliiefly  of  Europe. 
Branche*  divergent:   leaveB  uifoliolate,  wiih  petiolar  stipules,  and  folded 

jeiflets,  and  usual^  grouped ;  flowers  ujion  bracteolale  pedicels,  and  disposed 

n  terminal  racemes.     Culture  as  in  Cyusas,  from  which 

gcDut  moit  of  the  species  have  becu  sc[iBrated. 

.■  1.  A.  hispa'nici-s  Dec.    The  S|Hiniah  Adenoi'iirinis. 

SuppL.  M3,  j   1>|.  tAim,  S.  i  FrsJ.,  t. 


tT'MlM.    Cftuu4"hliptolnu  Lam.  Diet.   2.  p.  MS. ;   CmMffwlm 

^c.  Oar,,  4v.  Calyx  glandulose  and  Tillose ;  lower 
Up  with  three  equal  segments,  that  are  barelylonger 
lOsD   the   upper   lip.      Branch  leu   hairy.      Flowers 

Euped.  Standard  rather  glabrous.  (IJec.  Pmd.)  A 
7  shrub.  Spain  and  Portugal,  in  shadv  and  moitt 
Hkces.  Hei^t  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  J8I6. 
Flowers  jellow ;  June  and  July.  L^ume  dark  brown, 
orblad^i  r^  in  October.  "s-  ^.w-pi-i™- 

■  2.  A.  Boi.-.sie'b/ Webb.     Boisater's  Adenicarpua. 
.    "WMb'i  Utr  Htip..  p,  U.  1  OUa  Hlipwi..  p.  1. 
A.dnArtlouu  BMm,  Noi-mrtAUri  Pimaar,  p.  9, :  RiUTlcja,  spait. 
.    OtteHbiwik*.[.4.i*Ddoui;4,MSL 
^pec.  Ciar.,  ^c.    Arborescent.    Bark  scaly.    Branches  purplith,  asb-coloured, 
clolhed  with  soft  hairy  pubescence,  and  with  numerous  leaves.     Petioles 
elongate,  terete.      Leaves   with   od- 
pressed  pubescence.     Leaflets  linear, 
with  rcTolute  margins,  somewhat  ob- 
tuse.     Calyx   villous,   the  lower  lip 
umewhat    longer   than    the   upper, 
Vexillum  pubescent  at  the  apex  and 
Dnddle.     L^umes   elongate,  obtuse, 
whitisti,  with   purple  glands.      Seed 
greenish  black.  {Webb,  Olia  Hapan.)  ^ 
A  larg>:  deciduous  shrub.     Spain,  in 
■arm   valleys   of  the  mountains   of 
GruiaJa,  4d00  (t.   to  £000  ft.  above 
Die  sea.     Height  15  ft.  to  SO  ft.     In- 
troduced ?.     Flowers  reddish  yellow, 
fragrant;  Juae  and  July.     Legume 

whitish,  covered  with  numerous  pur-  .^^^  «j-,„tor» bhi^m.. 

pie  glandt ;  ripe  in  August. 


2-28 


ARBOIIETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


370. 


tattcnnMIat. 


A  most  beautiful  species  when  in  flower ;  but,  when  out  of  flower,  of  a  gloomy 
ashy  hue.  The  trunk  is  disBgured  by  the  old  ragged  bark,  whence  the 
vernacular  name.  It  is  truly  astonishing,  Mr.  Webb  observes,  that  this  splendid 
European  plant,  of  almost  arboreous  stature,  with  spikes  of  flowers  sometimes 
a  foot  in  length,  should  so  long  have  escaped  detection.  It  closely  resembles 
A.  hisp4nicus,  but,  according  to  Mr.  Webb,  it  is  "  very  entirely  distinct."  Plants 
are,  or  soon  will  be,  in  the  Milford  Nursery. 

A  3.  A.  iNTERMB^Dius  Dec.    The  intermediate  Adenocarpus. 

Jrieniificatian.    Dec.  Prod..  2.  p.  15S. ;  Don't  Mill.,  3.  p.  l.'SS. 
Synonynu.    CfX\%n%  complidttus  Brot.  Fl.  Lta.  2.  p  92. 
Engravings.    Clus.  Hist,  1.  p.  94.  f.  1. ;  mnd  our  ^g.  370. 

Spec.  Char,,  Sfc.  Calyx  pubescent ;  pubescence  glandu- 
lated ;  the  middle  of  the  three  segments  of  the  lower 
lip  of  the  calyx  longer  than  the  side  ones,  and  than  the 
upper  lip.  Branch  lets  rather  villose.  Flowers  rather 
distant.  Standard  rather  glabrous.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A 
pubescent  shrub.  Native  of  sunny  gravelly  places  in 
Portugal  and  Old  Castile,  and  Mount  Scuder,  in  Sicily, 
and  of  Mongiana,  in  the  kingdom  of  Naples.  Height 
4  a.  Year  of  introduction  unknown.  Flowers  yellow  ; 
May  to  July.     Legume  black ;  ripe  in  September. 

A  very  handsome  species,  and  one  that  is  much  admired 
for  its  fine  terminal  spikes  of  flowers,  which,  in  favour- 
able seasons,  and  in  a  dry  soil,  ripen  abundance  of  seeds. 

ft  4.  A.  PARViFo^Lius  Dec.     The  small-leaved  Adenocarpus. 

Identification.    Dec.  L^.  Mem.  6.,  and  Prod.  9l  p.  158. ;  Don's  Mill.,  S.  p.  15& 
Synonymes.    Cftiiut  panrifdlius  N.  Du  Ham.  5.  p.  147.,  iMm.  Did.  2.  p  248., 
exclusive  of  tlie  synonymes ;  C^tisus  divaridltus  VHiriL  Stirp.  184. ;  C^tisus 
complicktus  Dec  FL  Fr.  No.  8821.;  5p4rtium  compllc&tum  Lou.  FL  GaiL  441 
Engravings.    N.  Du  Ham.,  5.  t  47.  t  1. ;  and  our  Jig.  371. 

Spec.  Char,,  S^c.  Calyx  somewhat  pubescent,  with  glandulous 
pubescence ;  the  central  segment  of  the  lower  lip  longer 
than  the  side  segments,  and  much  exceeding  the  upper  lip 
in  length.  Branches  glabrous.  Flowers  distant  Standard 
pubescent.  (Dec,  Prod.)  An  erect  shrub,  whitish  from  the 
down  on  its  branches.  Native  of  sunny  heaths  in  the  West 
of  France.  Height  2  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1800.  Flow- 
ers yellow  ;  May  to  July.     Legume  black ;  ripe  in  October.    37,. 

jt  5.  A.  telonk'nsis  Dec.    The  Toulon  Adenocarpus. 

IdentifteaHon.    Dec.  FL  Fr.  Suppl.  .M.,  I^g.  Utm.  6.,  Prod.  Z  p.  158. ;  Don's  Mill.,  2.  p.  \f^ 
Synonymes.    C^tisus  telondntis  lAtis.  Ft.  Gall.  446.,  and  in  S.  Du  Ham.  b.  p.  l&O. ;  SfUbrtluni 

pllcitum  Gouan  Hort.  Monsp.  396l,  exclusive  of  the  sjrnouyme. 
Engraptngs.    N.  Du  Ham.,  5.  t  47.  £  2. ;  and  our  Jig.  372. 

Spec.  Char,,  S^c.  Calyx  not  glandulose,  pubescent ; 
the  segments  on  the  lower  lip  nearly  equal,  ex- 
ceeding a  little  the  upper  lip  in  length.  Branches 
almost  glabrous.  Flowers  distant.  Standard 
pubescent.  (^Dec.  Prod.)  An  erect  shrub.  Na- 
tive of  sterile  places  ancl  heaths  in  the  Pyrenees, 
in  Cevennes,  in  Provence,  and  in  Rome.  Height 
2  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1800.  Flowers  yel- 
low ;  June  and  Julv.  Legume  dark  brown,  or 
black ;  ripe  in  October. 

It  well  deserves  a  place  in  British  gardens; 
where,  when  judiciously  treated,  it  will,  owing  to 
the  moisture  of  our  climatp,  attain  double  the 
height  that  it  does  in  the  South  of  France. 


A.pwvtfUii^ 


iii 


XXV.  legumina'ce^:  OnoVis. 


□□ 


UNU'NIS  L.     Trb  RESTHiRitow.     Im.  Sytl.  Monad^lphia  Dec&ndm. 

UrtVaaiam.  LlD.  ata.,Va.  fO.  :  Lun.  III..L<IG.i  Dec  Pnd.l.p,  IM. ;  Don'i  BUI1..S.  p.  lU. 
Sn^pKi.   Jnlnli  utd  Wtuix  Vme)  KM.  tBT.  udJ.%  i  AcrMs-bnur.  or  loiiuUiiMi  Bu(iaBe. 

RfffhArrow  \t  t  CfiliiTptian  oT  arrtit.  thAt  li.  irDP^  Aurrav  ;  trom  the  long  and  dHpLy  HSlol  TDOtI 
i^IH'IdC  a  Krloui  ImpHllmirDt  to  cb«  plough  i't  hirrow. 

Cot.  CAor,  Co^f  campanulate,  5-cle(l,  wllh  linear  Eegments.  Vellum  large, 
itmted.  S/anieni  monailelphoiis,  tlie  tenth  one  BometimeB  aloiost  free. 
Lfgume  tuuallv  turgid,  sesailtt,  lew-aeeded.  (Don't  Mill.) 

Lfovet  triroljulate,  stipulate,  alternate,  deciduous.  /Vouierj  yellow,  pur- 
plish and  red,  or  rarely  while. —  Shrubs,  very  low,  luSruticoae  ;  natives  of 
Europe.    Two  species  are  hardy. 

Tbe  peduncle  is,  in  many  instances,  furnished  with  an  awn.  which  ia  the 
petiole  of  an  abortive  floral  leaf.  Tiie  two  specimens  here  described  are  well 
Biiaiited  for  rockwork  or  flower-borders,  on  account  of  their  lively  flowers, 
which  are  red,  or  reddish  purple;  colours  not  frequently  met  with  in  the  lig- 
neous Legiiminacea,  by  far  the  greater  part  of  which  have  yellow  flowers. 
Thev  are  readily  propagated  by  seeds  or  by  division,  and 
will  groiF  in  any  soil  that  is  tolerably  dry. 

'  I.  0.  FRUTico'sA  L.     The  shrubby  Restharrow. 


spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  trifoliolate.  Leaflets  sessile, 
lanceolate,  serried.  Stipules  connate  into  one,  sheath- 
ing, and  4-awoed  ;  and,  in  the  uppermost  part*  of  the 
flanC,  occupying  the  places  of  leaves  which  are  absent. 
edicela  3-flowered,  disposed  in  a  raceme.  (Dec.  Prod.) 
A  low  Khnib.  Alps  of  Dauphin^,  &c.  Height  1  ti.  to 
*  ft.  Introduced  in  1680.  Flowers  purplish  red ; 
Hiy  and  June.  Legume  brown;  ripe  in  September. 
Faritlg. 

M  O.  f.  2  microphi/lla  Dec.,  O.  fmticAsa  Aao. — 
Leaflets  small,  obovate,  and  serrated.  Native  of 
the  mountains  of  Aragou.  371.0.01 

ja  2.  0.  KoruNDiPo'LiA  L.     The  round-leaved  Reelharrow. 


P^groMOtft.    Joeq.  Fl  AuiLr,  AppeDd.,  t 


Spec,  Oua-.,  ^c.  Leaves  trifoliolate ;  leaflets  ovate, 
and  tootbed.  Peduncles  3-flowered,  and  with- 
out bracteas.  (Dec.  Prod.)  Alownhrub.  Native 
of  the  Pyrenees,  and  the  Alps.  Height  I  ft.  to 
ih.  Introduced  in  1570.  Flowers  purplish  red; 
May  to  Sept.     Legume  brown ;  ripe  in  October. 

Otier  Ktndi  of  On&mt.  —  O.  tri&raciedia  Dec,  a 
ralTDticoiie  plant  with  pink  flowers,  supposed  to 
I*  a  native  of  Carinthia,  differs  little  from  O.  ro- 
indil&Iia.  Sereial  other .  species  are  hardy,  but 
•ot  infficiently  ligneous  for  our  purpose. 
a  3 


•2-M  AnaoRETUM  kt  fruticetum  britannicum. 

Gem  us  X. 


AMO'RPHA  L.     Thb  Auori-iia,  or  BmsT4RD  Ismao.     Lm.  Syit.   Mona- 
tlclpllia  Decandlin. 

/ifralAlcrlHoo.  Lin.  (!«!..  ISA  ;  lAm,  111,,  I  Ml.  I  Dk  Prod.,  t  p  IM.  ^  Don'i  Nlll..  I.  p.  IM. 
.Imanr™"-  BoanTidU  Sici.  fin*.  Nn.  IMt. ;  Fiui  Jnill(ii,  ».  ^  I'lifnrin.  (icr. ;  Aniorh.  luL 
AtualiM,    From  d.  piliDII'e,  utiwurpM.lona\  Jnrclereii«  ID  the  itglOinlllf  orUFUiTDll*,rn)a 

6'fn.  Oiar,  Calj/x  Mouthed,  obconicall}'  carapanulate.  Veaiium  ovate,  cod- 
CHVc.  Wingt  and  Keel  wanting.  Sli/le  filiform,  straight,  glabrous.  Slamau 
enserted,  monadelphous  at  the  very  base.  Legume  compressed,  1-cclted, 
i— 2-seeded.  (Doti'i  Mill.) 

Leavei  compound,  impari-pmnate,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduoii.1 ;  stipules 
dctidiioiis.  Flouvrt  of  a  blue  Tiolet  colour,  in  (.[litute  racemes. 
Shrubs,  laT)te,  deciduous ;  natives  of  North  America.  Leaves  having  many 
purs  of  leaflets  that  have  transparent  dots  in  their  diaks,  and  usually  minute 
stipules  at  their  base.  The  flovers  are  disposed  in  racemes,  iiKualty  grouped 
at  the  tips  of  the  branches.  The  apecics  are  highly  ornamental  on  account 
of  their  leaves,  and  more  especially  of  their  long  apikes  of  flowers  ;  which, 
though,  when  taken  separately,  they  are  small,  and  imperfect  in  regard  to 
form,  are  yet  rich  from  their  number,  and  their  colours  of  purple  or  violet, 
spangled  with  a  golden  yellow.  The  plants  are  not  of  long  duration  ;  and  are 
liable  to  be  broken  by  wind;  fur  which  reason  they  onglit  always  to  be 
planted  in  a  sheltered  Bituniion.  Thev  produce  abundance  of  suckers,  from 
which,  and  from  cuttings  of  the  root,  they  are  verj'  readily  propagated. 

■  1,  A.  FBUTico'sA  Lin,    The  shrubby  Amorpha,  or  Baitard  Itidign. 


*^S7K*  OtoTB, /ta?      ■     ""■'     "   °    *"■      -.S'"OCh»rtlg»tUiionn,Grr.,lnd«!o 
Eignnritift.    Schkiihr  HvicRi.,  t.  \91. :  Bot.  R«fl.,  tn. ;  ud  mir  «•.  ».i. 
Spec.  Char.,  SfC.  Rather  arborescent,  comcwhat 
villose  or  glabrous,     l^eaflels  elliplic-oblong. 
the  lowest  distant  from   the   base   of  the 
petiole.     Calyn   somewhat  villose  :  *  of  ita 
teeth  obtuse,  1  acuminate.      The  stanilard 
glandless.  Legume  few-seeded.  ( Dec.  Pnid. ) 
An    erect   glabrous  shrub.     Carolina  and 
Florida,  on  the  banks  of  rivers.      Height 
Oft.  to  12ft.  Flowers  very  dark  bluish  purple; 
June  and  July.     Legume  brown  ;  ripe  Oct. 
Naked  young  wood  greyish  brown. 
Varkliet. 

m  A.f.  i  anguilifolia  Pursh  has  the  leaf 

lets  linear-elliptic, 
a  ,(._/;  3  cmor^rwVa  Pureh  has  the  leaflets  ■*•    •  t,  '"•^ 

notched,  and  the  calyx  hoary.  "«iii*»  «>««. 

s   A.  /.  i  Lewiiii  Laid.  Cal,,  1830,  appears  to  have  r.ithcr  larger  flowers 

and  leaves  than  the  species. 
*  A.  /.  5  carii/ea  Lodd.  Cat.,  1830,  has  the  flowers  of  somewhat  a  paler 
blue.     Perhaps  only  a  variation  of  A,  croceo-lanita. 

*  2.  A.  (f.)  gla^bra  Dei/.    The  glabrous  Amorpha,  or  Bailard  tmiigo. 
IdrmlOhaUim.   DnT,  Cal.HDrt.  Pur.,  M. :  I)k.  Frail,  t.n.  KS.i  Don'i  Mill..  9.  p.  a*. 
Emgrawmf.    Onr  Jlf.  IK.  bltti  >  •ptebilHi  In  Dr.  LIdiIIi7'i  harUrluir. 

Spec.  Cher.,  ire.     Bather  arborescent,  glabrous.     Leaflets  elliptic-oblong,  the 


XXV.  lrguminacea::  amu'rpha.  231 

lowest  dtBtant  from  the  twae  of  the  petiole.  Caljx  elabrous,  four  of  iu 
teeth  obtuse,  one  acuminate.  StBodard  glanded  on  the  outside.  Le^ms 
containing  fev  seeds.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  glabrous  shrub.  North  America. 
HeightSft.  to  6fc  Introduced  in  IBIO.  Flowers  bluish  purple;  Jul; 
and  August.    Legume  brown ;  ripe  in  October. 


--  3.  A.  (F.)  na'na  Xull.     The  dwarf  Amorpha,  or  Bailard  Ittdi/;o. 

■  UruMt^Hon     KuU.  In  Fru.  CU.,1913.,  Koi.  C«.  Amer.,  5.  p  »H  D«  PrOi.a  p.  SM.  i  Don'i 

triil-.ip.tM. 

IpmtmL.     h.  lElcrapbfll*  Furik  Fl.  Amrr.  Srvl.  i.  p.  teS. 
&r«""*'     Bot  M»g.,  llll.i  Mnduurj^ai^ 

Spec.  Char.,  ^r.  Slinibby,  dwarr,  mther  glabrous.  Leaflets  elliptical,  mucitK 
Dulate.  Calyx  glabrous,  all  its  teeth  setaceouily  acuminate.  L^ume  1- 
seeded.  (Dfc.  Ptod.)  A  low  glabrous  ahrub.  Natiye  of  herbage-coiered 
hills  near  the  Missouri.  Height  1  ft.  <o  ^ft.  Introduced  ISIl.  Flowers 
purple,  fragrant ;  July  and  August.     Legume  brown  ;   ripe  in  October. 

■  4.  A.  (r.)  fsaNsrans  Siaeel.  The  fragrant  Amorpha,  or  Sattard  Indigo. 


t/m^mr,    A.  nlni  jinuin  ifm.  jWnj.  t.  tUi,,  but'not  of  olhCM. 
Mmtramimst.     Svt.  ft.-Gmrd.,  c  MI.;  Sot.  Utf.,  I.  ILIl.  ;  Ulil  our  Jl(,  ITS. 

Spee.  Char.,  Sfc.  Shrubby,  pubescent.  Leaves  with  6 — B  pairs  of  elliptic- 
oblong  miicronate  leaflets,  obtuse  at  both  endn,  young  ones  pubescent. 
Calyx  pubescent,  pedicellate;  superior  teeth  obtuse,  lower  one  acute. 
8tv'le  hairy.  (ZtoiCi  Mill.')  A  pubescent  ahrub.  North  America.  Height 
TfLto  8fl.  Introduced  in  1800.  Flowers  dark  purple  j  June  and  July. 
Legume  brown ;  ripe  in  September. 

•  5.   A.   (f.)  cbo'cko-lana'ta   WaU.      The 
f^aflron-colou red- woolly  Amorpha,  or  tatant/ 
Baitmd  Indigo. 
HnufHatffcis,    WiU.  Dnid.Br1t.i  Don'iMm.,  1.  p.a4, 
Iwrnfi^t.    W*u,  Dead.  UriL.t.  LU.;  ud  oar  y^.STS, 

Spec.  Oar.,  ^c.  Plant  clothed  with  tawny  pu- 
bescence. Racemes  branched.  Leaves  with 
6 — 8  pairs  of  ohlong-elUptic,  mucronulate, 
downy  leaflets ;  the  3  upper  teeth  of  calyx 
orate,  acute,  the  S  lower  ones  very  short, 
and  rounded.  (DotCi  Mill.)  A  pubescent 
shrub.     North  AmericsL.     Height  3R.  to  5  ft. 

Introd.    1680.     Flowers   purple   or  purplish  sn.  a.  «]  ••*«>  IbIh. 

blue  ;  July  and  August.  L^me  dark  brown,  or  brown ;  ripe  in  October. 

a  4 


AltbOUETUM    ET   FRUriCETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

.)  cane'sckss  AW/.    The  canescent  Amorpha,  or  Batlard  InSgo. 

Nutl.  In  F™.  CM„  wis.  inri  C^n.  AmM,.  t.  p.  9».i 
mcr.  Srpi,,  t.  p.  (ST.  ;  Dec  Prod..  1.  p.  ■OfS.;  Don'i 


Spec.  C/iar.,  ij-e.  SufFhlticoK,  dwarT,  all  over  whitclj- 
tomentose.  Leaflets  ovatoellipiic,  mucronate,  the 
lowest  near  the  l>aBe  of  the  petiole.  Calyx  lomen- 
tose;  its  teeth  ovate,  acute,  equal.  Ovary  2- 
ovoled.  Lepuine  l-aeeded.  {Dec,  Prod.)  A  low 
tomentose  shrub  i  Louisiana,  on  the  banks  of  the 
Missouri  and  the  Missiastppi.  Hrigbt  3  ft.  Introd, 
i»\i.  Flowers  dark  blue;  July  and  August.  Le- 
gume brown ;  ripe  in  October. 


iMm 


..    Liii.  Sj/Ml.  Diadelphia 


SftKiigmt.    DlMnlit  Sprmg,  Sfit.  Anp.  MS. 

Drri'Mim.  Namid  In  honour  of  Ckaria  Williaix  Enintkaril,  U.D.,  »  proTtwor  !n  Iht  Uni»«tllJ 
of  Kfinigiberi.  In  Pruulfc 

Gen.  Char.  Cali/i  obconically  campanulate,  S-toothed  ;  upper  teeth  rather 
remote,  loi»er  one  longest.  Pelatt  5.  disposed  in  a  papilionaceous  manner. 
FtxUlum  oblong,  and  tiie  two  keel  petals  distinct.  Slameru  diadelphoua. 
(D'.n't  MilL) 

Leaiiei  compound,  impah-pinnate,  nhemate, stipulate,  deciduous;  beset 
with  glands.  Floweri  in  terminal  racemes,  white.  —  An  unarmed  shrub  or 
low  tree  ;  native  of  Mexico. 

•  1.  E.  AHomPHoi'DES  H.el  B.  The  Amorpha-like  Eyienhardtia. 

arnlijkatiim.    H,  B.  n  Runth  i  Dtc.  Prod.,  md  Don'i  Hill. ;  Bat.  Reg.  Cbran.,  Iiog.  No.  ^ 
Syuatgiiu.    IJilli*rB/a  ■morphClile"  Sfril^. 
E„gran*fi.     H.  B.  M  Kunlh,  fi.  1.  IM.  ;  Mid  our  Jlf.  Ml. 

S;iec.  Char,,  ^r.  An  unBfmed  low  tree  or  shrub,  with 

iitipari  pinnate  leaves,  composed  of  many  pairs 

of  slipplale  leaflels,  and  these  are,  as  well  as  the 

calyxes,  beset  with  dnnds.     Bacemes  terminal, 

cylindrical,  flowers  white.  (Don't  Milt,,  ii.  p.  234.) 

A   deciduous  ahrub  or  low  tree.     Mexico,  on  , 

mountains.    Height  6  ft.  to  lOfti  in  British  gar.  i 

dens  4ri.  to  6  ft.    Introduced  in  1S3T.    Flowers  i 

white.    Legume?.  \ 

This  plant  was  raised  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Gurden,  * 
and  ha.'i  proved  quite  hardy.     The  lenvca  are  dis- 
tinctly marked  with  glandular  dotting  i  a  very  un- 
usual case  among  Icfiuminous  plants.      The  twigs 
are  short,   and   so   closely   set  upon  the  branches 
as  to  form  a  dense  mass  of  foliage.    Each  la  termi- 
nated by  an  erect  compact  spike,   from  2  in,  to  -r  — 
3  in.  U.'n!!,    of    white    or    pale    yellow    flowcra,       "^   E™«hu«i- ™.»j-i„ 
which,  a1lhou(!h  not  krger  than  those  of  a  apiraa,  nevertheless,  from   their 
abuiidiuico,  must  produce  a  beautiful   upjiearsnce.   (Bot,  Reg. 


xxv.  leoumina^ceie :  robi^sia.  233 

Genus  XII. 


WBrSTA  Lia    Tbb  Robinia,  or  Locust  Tree,     Lin.  Sytt.  Diadelphia 

Dedindria. 

UaUi/leatiom.    Dec.  M£in.  T4g..  6. ;  Prod.,  2.  p.  XI. ;  Don's  Mill.,  9.  p.  ^7. 

Bnoifmts.    PteudxAda    Ttmm.  Jnsi.  t  417.,  Uctnch  iietk.  145. ;  RobiDier,  Fr.%  Bobinie,  Ger. 

Dnhatioit,  Named  In  honour  of  Jean  Robm,  a  French  botanist,  once  berbalUt  to  Henry  IV.  o( 
France,  author  of  Histoire  des  Plantts,  13mo,  Paris,  \6'M ;  printed  with  the  second  edition  of 
Lonioer's  HiMtory  qf  Plants.  HU  son  Vespasian  was  sub-demonstrator  at  the  Jardin  des  Plantes 
in  Puis,  and  was  the  first  person  who  cultivated  the  Robfnia  Pseud-^ckcia  In  Europe. 

Gn,  Char.  Caltfx  5-toothed,  lanceolate,  2  upper  ones  shorter  and  approxi- 
mate. Corolla  papilionaceous.  VexUlnm  large.  Keel  obtuse.  Stamens  dia- 
delphous,  deciduous.  Ovaries  16-*20-ovulate.  Style  bearded  in  front. 
ugunte  compressed,  almost  sessile,  many-seeded,  with  the  valves  thin  and 
fiat,  margined  at  the  seminiferous  suture.  (^Don^s  Mi/L) 

Leaves  compound,  unequally  pinnate,  alternate,  deciduous  ;  leaflets 
generally  ovate  or  obovate,  petiolate.  Flouters  white  or  rose-coloured,  in 
axillary  usually  nodding  racemes. — Trees,  deciduous,  natives  of  North  Ame- 
rica, where  one  of  the  species  is  highly  valued  for  its  timber. 

The  species  are  prized,  partly  for  their  use,  but  chiefly  for  their  beauty. 
They  are  readily  propagated  by  seeds,  large  truncheons  of  the  stem  and 
branches,  cuttings  of  the  roots,  or  by  grafting ;  and  they  will  grow  in  any  soil 
that  is  not  too  wet.  Their  roots  are  creeping,  and  their  branches  very  brittle : 
they  grow  rapidly,  but  are  generally  not  of  long  duration.  Their  rapid  growth 
is  a  property  that  they  have  in  common  with  all  trees  and  plants  the  principal 
roots  ot  which  extend  themselves  close  under  the  surface ;  because  tnere  the 
soil  is  always  richest :  but  the  same  cause  that  produces  this  rapidity  at  first 
occasions  the  tree  to  grow  slowly  afterwards,  unless  the  roots  are  allowed 
ample  space  on  every  side ;  since,  as  they  never  penetrate  deep,  they  soon 
exbaost  all  the  soil  within  their  reach.  They  are,  therefore,  nighly  objec- 
tionable among  ornamental  shrubs,  or  in  flower  borders.  For  this  reason, 
also,  such  trees  are  objectionable  as  hedgerow  trees,  or  as  scattered  groups  in 
arable  lands  ;  their  roots  provins  a  serious  impediment  to  the  plough,  and  the 
suckers  thrown  up  by  them  choking  the  com  crops.  Roots,  on  the  other 
hand,  which  |>enetrate  perpendicularly  as  well  as  horizontally,  belong  to  more 
slowly,  but  more  steadily,  crowing  trees,  which  always  attain  a  larger  size  in 
proportion  to  the  extent  of  ground  they  occupy. 

X  1.  R.  PsEU^D-ilcA^ciA  Ltn.    The  common  Robinia,  or  False  Acacia. 

Utal^fieatiom.    Lin.  Sjp,,  1043. ;  Pec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  261. ;  Don's  Mill..  2.  p.  237. 

hfaonifmet.  JBsehfnameae  FseadmAciA  Roxb. ;  Pseudacida  odorita  Mceneh  Metk.  145.;  Locust 
Tree,  Amtr. »  the  Bastard  Acacia ;  Kobinier  laux  Acada,  Acada  blanc,  Carouge  des  AmMcalns, 
Ft,  ;  getaeine  Acade,  Schotendom,  Ger. 

DniMhom,  This  tree,  when  first  introduced,  was  supposed  to  be  a  species  of  the  Egyptian  acacia, 
( Jcida  Tira),  from  Its  pricklj  branches  and  pinnated  learei,  which  resembled  those  of  that  tree. 
It  was  named  the  locust  tree  by  the  missionaries,  who  fanded  that  It  was  the  tree  that  supported 
St.  John  in  the  wilderness.  It  is  not,  howerer,  a  nadve  of  any  other  part  of  the  world  than  North 
America.  The  name  Carouge  is  the  French  word  for  carob  bean,  the  locust  tree  of  Spain  ;  which, 
bdag  also  a  natire  of  Syria,  is,  probably,  the  true  locust  of  the  New  Testament.  The  German 
name  of  Schotendom  Is  composed  of  sckote^  a  pod,  or  legume,  and  dom^  a  thorn. 

Ingrmmgs.  Lam.  111.,  t.  €66. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  2.  t.  16. ;  the  plate  of  this  si)ccies  in  Arb.  Brit., 
1st  edit,  vol.  T. ;  and  our  fyf.  382: 

Spec,  Char^  S^c.  Prickles  stipular.  Branches  twiggy.  Racemes  of  flowers 
loose  and  pendulous  ;  and  smooth,  as  are  the  legumes.  Leaflets  ovate. 
The  flowers  are  white  and  sweet-scented  ;  the  roots  creeping,  and  their 
fibres  sometimes  bearine  tubercles.  {Dec  Prod.)  A  deciduous  tree»  above 
the  middle  size.  North  America.  Canada  to  Carolina.  Height  70  ft.  to 
soft.  Introduced  in  1640.  Flowers  white  ;  May  and  June.  Legume 
compressed,  dark  purplish  brown  ;  ripe  in  September.  Decaying  leaves 
yellow,    Naked  young  wood  purplish  brown. 


23*  ARBORETUM    ET    FttUTICETlIM    BRITANNICUM. 

Varietiet.  The  plant  Tailing  much  in  its  difierent  native  localitiea,  and  alsc 
having  been  long  cultivated  from  seeds  in  Europe,  the  varieties  are  nume- 
rous. Some  of  chose  included  in  Che  following  list  appear  in  our  Horlai 
Britannicui,  and  in  Don's  MlUer,  as  species ;  while  some  hybrids,  such  as  R. 
hybrids  and  R.  interm&lia,  might  also  have  been  considered  as  varieties, 
but  we  have  preferred  keeping  thetn  apart. 

1  R.  F.  ijl&re  liteo  Dumont  6.  p.  140.  has  the  flowers  jellow. 

I  R.P.3  inermi,  Dec.  Prod.  ii.  p.  861.,  Dec.  Cat.  Hort.  Monsp.  136.— 
Prickles  wantinc,  or  nearly  obsolete.  Leaflets  flat.  Plant  of  free 
growth,  in  which  respect  it  differs  from  R.  P.  umbraculffen. 

1  .R.  P.  4  criipa  Dec.  Prod.  ii.  p.S61.  — Prickles  wanting.  Leafletsall, 
or  for  the  most  part,  unduhitely  curled. 

1  R.P.  5  umhraculifera  Bee  Prod.  ii.  p.  SGI.,  Cat.  Hort.  Monsp.  157. 
R.  ineriniH  Dum.  Caan.  ti.  p.  140.  —  Prickles  wanting.  Branchea 
much  crowded,  and  smooth.  Head  orbicular.  Leaflets  ovate.  Thb 
variety  is  said  to  have  been  raised  from  the  seed  of  B.  Pseild-jfciicia  ; 
and,  according  to  Dumont  de  Courset,  to  have  yellow  flowers.  It 
has  been  common  in  British  gardens  since  18^0,  but  has  not  yet 
flowered  in  this  country. 

T  B.P.a  torluiia  Dec.  Prod.  ii.  p.  26 1 .;  and  the  plate  in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st 
edit.,  vol.  V.  —  Branches  much  crowded,  and  twisted.  Racemes  simi- 
lar to  those  of  R.  Pseud-.i4cacia,  but  smaller  and  fewer-flowi-red. 

T  R.P.I  sophora;/o^  Lodd.  Cat.  1830  has  the  leaves  laige,  and  some- 
what like  those  of  Sophora  japdnico. 

3  R.  P.S  amorphafolia  Lk.  has  leaves  somewhat  like  those  of  Amdrpba 
fniticosa. 

1  R.  P  9  tlrMa  Lk.  has  the  general  tendency  of  the  shoots  upright ; 
but  still  the  plant  is  not  so  fastigiale  as  the  Lombardy  poplar. 

5   R.  P.  10  procera  Lodd.  Cat.  1830.  —  A  tall  vigorous-growing  variety, 

t  R.P.W  pindaia  On.  Dec.  p.  26.  —  The  shoots  are  somewhat  droop- 
ing, but  not  very  decidedly  so. 

?  R.  P.  Ii  motalroia  Lodd.  Cat.  1830.— The  leaves  arelai^.and  twisted. 

X  R.  P.  13  maervph^Oa  Lodd.  Cat.  1B30  has  the  leaves'  long,  and  the 
leaflets  broad. 

1  B.  P.  14  microph^lla  Lodd.  Cat.  1830,  R.  anguscifolia  Mori.,  has  the 
leaves  small,  and  the  leaflets  narrow. 

t  R.  P.  15  tpeclaiilit  Dum.  has  large  leaves  and  is  without  prickles :  it 

E reduces  straight  vigorou<i  shoots,  which  are  angubr  when  young, 
t  was  raised   from  seed  by  M.  Descemet,  at  St.  Denis,  and  was 
formerly  known  in  the  French  nurseries  by  the  name  of  Acaciu 
agu^ante  (enticing). 
%  R.  P.  16  latUiliqaa,  the  broad^dded  locust,  is  mentioned  m  Prinre's 

Calalogae  for  18^9. 
Most  of  these  varieties  are  tolerably  distinct  in  the  foliage  when  the  ptantn 
arc  young.     Those  best  worth  cultivatiiur,  for  the  shape  of  the  tree,  are  R. 
P.  umbraculffera,  the  parasol  acacia;  R.  P.  p^ndula;  R.  P.  scrtcto,  the 
upright. growing  sort  i  and  R.  P.  spectibilis.     With  regard  to  the  yellow- 
flowered  variety,  it  ma^  be  worth  continuing  by  grafting  or  suckers ;  but,  to 
makequitesureofhavinK  white  flowers,  the  trees  producing  them  ought  to  be 
propagated  by  grafting  also ;  as  plants  raised  from  seed,  though  lor  ue  most 
part  tney  have  white  flowers,  yet  occasionally  produce  yellowish  ones. 
The  wood,  which  is  commonly  of  a  greenish  yellow  colour,  marked  with 
brown  veins,  is  hard,  compact,  and  susceptible  of  a  bright  polish :  it  has  a  good 
di'al  of  strength,  and  is  very  durable  ;  but  it  has  not  much  elasticity,  and  ia 
somewhat  liable  to  crack.     A  cubic  foot  of  locust  wood,  newly  cut,  weighs 
63  lb.  3  oz. ;  half-dry,  56  lb.  4  ol. ;  and,  when  quite  dry,  only  48  lb.  4  ok.    Ita 
value  for  fuel,  when  compared  with  that  of  the  beech,  ia  as  12  to  IJS.     F<» 
duration  Harlig  places  it  immediately  aficr  the  oak,  before  the  larch  and  the 


XXV.    l.EGt;MINA'CE;F,:    KOBl'N/^ 


^ 


Scotch  pine.  According  to  Burlow,  the  strength  of  acacia  timber,  ai  compared 
•ilh  fine  Engllah  oak,  ia  as  1867  to  167ii  ;  the  strength  of  nsh  being  an  :j0£6  ( 
beech,  ld56;  elm.  11)13;  Kiga  fir,  IIOB;  Norway  spar  (spnice  fir),  ]4T4i 
Dad  teak,  24«S.  The  tree  has  one  property  almost  peculiar  to  it.that  orfonning 
hean-wood  at  a  very  early  age,  rix.  in  Its  third  year;  whereas  the  sap-wood  of  the 
oak,  the  ctieitnut,  the  beech,  the  elm,  and  most  other  trees,  does  nut  bc^n  to 
chan^  into  heart,  or  perfect,  wood,  till  after  10  or  15  vcars' growth.  Tlie  trees  of 
this  qjecies,  and  of  several  of  its  varieties,  in  the  garden  of  the  Horticultural  So- 
ciety, and  in  the  arboretum  of  Messrs.  Loddigea,  have  attained  the  height  of  3011- 
and  upwards,  in  10  years  Iroiii  [he  time  they  were  planted.  There  is,  pcrhnps,  no 
American  tree  respecting  which  so  much  has  been  said  and  done,  in  Europe,  as 
the  locust.  It  va.1  one  of  the  first  trees  that  we  received  from  America,  and 
ithas  been  more  eitenaively  propagated  than  any  other,  both  in  France  and  Eng- 
land- It  has  been  alternately  extolled  itnd  neglected  in  both  countries ;  and  even 
■t  the  present  tine,  though  the  beauty  of  its  foliage  and  flowers  la  ^crally  ac- 
knowledged, and  thou^  it  ha.i,  at  diHerent  periods,  been  enthusisHticully  praised 
by  different  writers,  for  the  valuable  properties  of  iia  wood,  it  cannot  ^e  con- 
luiered  as  holding  a  high  rank  as  a  timber  tree,  or  as  being  worth  planting  with 
■  riew  to  profit.  We  |jasa  over  many  cuiious  and  historical  facts  respecting  the 
kicuat  tree,  for  which  we  refer  to  toe  lat  edit,  of  this  work,  and  come  to  the 
yew  1823,  when  an  extraordinary  sensation  was  excited  in  Britain  respectiiig 
this  tree  by  Cobbett.  This  writer,  while  in  America,  from  1817  to  1819,  "ira« 
tociTinced  that  nothing  in  the  timber  way  could  be  so  great  a  benefit  as  the 
general  cultivation  of  this  tree."  On  his  return  to  England  he  commenced 
nurseryman,  and  the  name  of  locust,  as  applied  to  Ihia  tree,  being,  before 
Cobbett's  time,  almost  forgotten  it)  England,  man^  persons,  in  consequence, 
thought  it  was  a  new  tree.  Hence,  while  quantities  of  plants  of  Kobinia 
Pseud-zlc^in  stood  unasked  for  in  the  nurseries,  the  locust,  which  every  one 
believed  could  only  be  had  genuine  from  Mr.  Cobbett,  could  not  be  grown  by 
hifii  in  sufficient  quantities  to  supply  the  demand.  Alier  creating  a  prodigious 
'  m  for  a  few  years,  the  locust  mania  entirely  subsided,  and  tne  tree  ia 
it  waa  before  Cobbett's  lime,  planted  only,  or  chiefly,  lor  ornament. 

I  2.  R.  TTsco'sA  Yettt.     The  clammy-dariri/  Robiaia. 

1t  TloTV  C«l«.j  C-  4.  \  I>cc.  Prod-,  a.  p.  303.  ;  Don't  Hl^t..  1.  p.  33S 

faKffJ^KW.     R.  ifludnirtk  Bat.  idaf.  bfiO.  i  R.  vonUn*  Bartram  i  the  Koie-lloverLDg  LociuL 

^Crti.  B^,  IB  cdiL,  ToL  I.  1  uid  our  *g.  Mi 

Spec.  Char.,    Ifc.     Branches  and  legumes  glandular  and  clammy.      Racemes 
crowded,  erect.     Bracteas  concave,  deciduous,  each  ending  in  a  long  bristle. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM     BRITTAHICUH. 


The  3  lower  teeth  of  the  calyx  acuminated.  Roots  creeping.  (Dec.  Prod.) 
A  claiiimv-barked  tree.  South  Carolma  and  Georgia,  near  riven.  Height 
30  fl.  to'Mfi.  Introduced  in  1797.  Flowers  scentless,  pale  pink  oiited 
with  white,  varying  to  pule  purple  or  violet  colour  according  to  the  soil ; 
Jtine  to  August.  Legume  brown  i  ripe  in  October.  Kaked  young  wood 
purplish  und  clammy. 
The  bark,  particularly  that  of  the  young  shoots,  which  is  of  a  dull  red,  is 

covered  with  a  clainniy  aubxiance,  which,  when  touched,  sticks  to  the  fingera. 

In  every  other  reaped,  both  ID  natural  chaiacters  and  artificial  culture,  thij 

tree  strongly  resembles  the  common  R.  Pseiid-iJdicia. 

S^noinmts.    H,  hf  brlda  Judib,  i  It.  lunblguh  Pair.  Smppt.  4.  p.  GflO.  \   ud.  pFTbapt,  R.  e^lniu 
E<M'<"'-H-"  OiaM.     '.iDp.        . 

^KC.  Char.,  frc  Spines  very  short.  Branches,  petioles,  peduncles,  and  calyxes 
fiirniahed  with  a  lew  glands,  rarely  clammy.  Leaflets  ovate.  Racemes  loose 
and  pendulous.  Bracteas  concave,  caducous,  ending  each  in  a  lona  bristle. 
{Dtni'i  Mill.)  A  deciduous  tree,  rather  under  the  middle  size.  Hybrid? 
between  R.  Pseiid-^c&cia  and  R.  viscosa.  Originated  in  ?  1730.  Flowen 
sweet-scented,  pale  rose..coloured  ;  June  to  August.  Poda  brown,  thickly 
beset  with  short  prickles;  ri[ie  in  October. 

T  •  4.  R.  Hi'spiDA  Liii.     The  hispid  Robinia,  or 

Soie  Acaria. 
linUUeimm.    LId,  Uui..  101.  i  D«.  Prod.,  1.  p.  Ml. ;  Don't 

HlQ.,  9.  p.  SW. 
Svmhijiiiui.   K,  rtuaJ'.Sii  Hon.  1. 1.  1S.(  R.DDHUiuBanr. 

Vau.  t.  p.  IW. :  JBtdiTnlmtnt  hbbdi  J)h». 
Enitrailiiti-  VIU-  le-.l.  S14.1  Bot- Mig.,  911.;  ud  our^.^M. 
Spec.OiaT.,S^.   Spines  wanting,   Leafleia  obovaie. 

Branches  and  legumes  hispid.     Racemes  loose  i 

the  3  lower  teeth  of  the  iralyx  acuminated.  (Dec. 

Prod.)     A  shrub,  or  low  tree.    Carolina,  in  pine 

woods.      Height  611.  to  eoft.     Introduced  in 

1758.     Flowers  large,  dark  rose-coloured  ;  June 

to  October.     Legume  brown ;  ripe  in  October 

and  November.     Naked  young  wood   purplish  itowM.btoia». 

brown,  thiekly  beset  with  prickles,  "**  """"^ "*<**■ 


! 


XXV.    LEGUMINA^CEiE:    CARAGA^NA.  287 

Vaneties, 

M  R,h.  2  nana  Dec.  is  a  plant  hardly  a  foot  high,  found  in  pine  woods 
in  Carolina. 

A  J?.  A.  3  rosea  Pursh  has  the  leaflets  for  the  most  part  alternate,  and 
the  branches  smoothish.  In  its  native  habitats,  on  the  hieh  mountains 
of  Virginia  and  Carolina,  it  grows,  according  to  Pursn,  to  a  con- 
siderable shrub ,  whereas  the  species  is  a  low  straggling  plant. 

*  i?.  A.  4  macroph^Ua  Dec,  R.  grandiflora  Hort,^  figured  in  Arb.  Brit., 
Ist  edit.,  Tol.  v.,  has  the  leaflets  large,  and  ovate-roundish ;  and  the 
branches  and  peduncles  glabrous,  and  without  prickles. 

The  speciesy  and  the  different  varieties,  are  shrubs  or  low  trees,  with  tor- 
tuous and  very  brittle  branches,  and  leaves  and  flowers  nearly  twice  the  size 
of  those  of  Roblnia  Pseud-^cacia.  They  form  singularly  ornamental  shrubs 
for  gardens ;  but,  as  standards  or  bushes,  they  can  be  only  planted  with  safety 
in  the  most  sheltered  situations.  When  grafted  standard  high,  and  trained  to 
a  wire  parasol-like  frame,  supported  on  a  rod  or  post  6  or  8  feet  high,  few 
plants  are  equal  to  R.  h.  macroph/Ila  in  point  of  brilliant  display. 

Genus  XIII. 


^ 


CARAG^NA  Lam.    The  Caragana,  or  Siberian  Pea  Tree. 

Lin,  SiftL  Diadelphia  Dec^ndria. 

Um^fieoHtm,    Lsm.  Diet..  1.  p.  611. }  Dec.  Frod.»  X  pc  268. ;  Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  MS. 

Smmemgme.    Roblnto  sp.  L. 

DaritmHom.    Caragam  is  Uie  name  of  C.  arborCsoens  among  the  Mongol  Tartars. 

Gau  Char,  Cafyx  short,  tubulous,  5-toothed.  Corolla  obtuse,  straight ;  the 
wings  and  vexillum  about  equal  in  length.  Stamens  diadelphous.  Style 
glabrous.  Stigma  terminal,  truncate.  Legume  sessile^  young  ones  com- 
pressed, at  length  somewhat  cylindrical  and  many-seeded,  mucronate  by  the 
style.    Seeds  somewhat  globose.  (Don*s  Mill,) 

I^eaoes   compound,    abruptly  pinnate,   alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ; 
stipules  usually  spinescent.    Flowers  mostly  yellow. 

Trees  or  shrubs,  natives  of  Siberia  and  of  the  East.  Leaves  with  the  leaflets 
mncrofiate,  and  the  petioles  either  with  a  bristly  or  a  spiny  point ;  their  flowers 
axillary,  each  on  a  distinct  pedicel,  usually  several  together,  pale  yellow, 
except  in  C.  jubata,  in  which  they  are  white  tinged  with  red  ;  their  stipules 
usually  become  spines.  They  are  all  ornamental  or  curious,  and  of  the  easiest 
culture  in  any  common  soil ;  propagated  by  cuttings  of  the  roots  or  by  seeds. 
The  dwarf  and  pendulous-growing  species,  when  grafted  standard  high  on  C, 
arborescena,  form  very  singular  trees. 

X   1.  C  ARBOR E^sCENS  Lam.    The  arborescent  Caragana,  or  Siberian 

Pea  Tree. 


Lam.  Diet,  1.  p.  615. ;  Dec  Prod.,  9.  p.  268. ;  Don*8  Mill.,  9.  p.  24S. 
Bobln&x  Caragana  Lin.  Sp.  1044.,  N.  Du  Ham.  2.  1. 19.,  Pall.  Fl.  Rou.  I.t49.; 
Mwa^uw  slMrica  lUiyx  fausse  Acacle  de  Sib^rie,  RoUnle  de  SlMrie,  Arbre  aux  Pois  des  Rosses, 
Fr. ;  Sfbirixche  Erbsenbaum,  Get. ;  Gorochoik,  Ruu. 
JS^fiaminft.    N.  Da  Ham.,  2l  t  19. ;  PalL  FL  Ross.,  L  1 49.,  middle  figure ;  the  plate  pf  thll  spedes 
m  Art*.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol.  t.  ;  and  onrjig.  385. 

Spec.  Char.,  Ijrc.  Leaves  with  4^—6  pairs  of  oval-oblong  villous  leaflets. 
Petiole  unarmed.  Stipules  spinescent.  Pedicels  in  fascicles.  {Don*s 
Miil.)  A  low  tree.  Siberia,  in  woods,  and  upon  the  banks  of  riyers. 
Hei^t  15ft.  to  20ft.  Introduced  in  1752.  Flowers  yellow;  April  and 
May.    T«egume  brown ;  ripe  in  August. 


238  AHUOKETUM    ET    FBt'TlCE    BRITANNlCrM- 

1  C.  a.  2  inirma   Hort.  has  the  branches 

without  g|)infs.      Plants  in  the  Hiirti- 

cultural  Society's  Garden. 
Pallas  inforins  us  that  upon  the  bduks  of  rivers 
it  Erons  tu  the  height  of  18  ft.  or  moie  ;  but  in 
arid  piucen  it  is  only  a  small  ehriib  ;  in  the  tntter 
atote  forming,  as  we  ihink,  the  varieties  C.  (a.) 
AUagdna,  and  C.  (a.)  microphyila.  C.  urborciicena 
forms  an  erect  stiff  tree,  with  numerous  iipriybt- 
gi'owing  branches.  The  flowers  are  axillary,  one 
on  a  pedicel;  thepoda  are  nblung.  taper,  and  each 
contains  3  or  4  seeds.  The  wood  is  hard,  com- 
pact, and  very  tough ;  yellow  on  the  outside;  and 
within,  waved  and  striped  with  red,  and  uith 
reddish  brown. 

*  a.   C.  (a.)   Alt^ga'na  Poir.      The   Altagai 
Caragana,  or  Siberian  Pea  Tree. 

■    Poti,  Sun., 


Spec.  Char,,  ij-c.  Leaves  having  6  or  8  pairs  o 
glabrous,  obovate-roundish,  rctuse  leaflets.  Ptf 
tiole  unarmed.  Stipules  spinescent.  Pedicel 
solitary.  Legumes  rather  compressed.  (Don' 
Mill  )  A  low  shrub.  Siiwria,  in  arid  plaini 
Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introd.  1789.  Flower 
yellow;  April  to  July.  Legume  brown;  ripe  i; 
September. 
Usually  propagated  by  grafting  on  C.  arborfscens. 


nnUttoKAia.    DM.ProiL,l.p.W&iUwi'tHi11.,3.p.MI. 

afmamtma.    Roblnfa  nlcrophflli  Pall.  Ft.  Ran.  i.  i-i.. 
t  l,a.i  Caraf'-^*  AHvi""  ■•"■  fi"'.  Sappl.  i.  f.  S9. 

EntratimMi.    ?aU.  Fl,   HolL.t  31.  t  1.  9.  uwler  the  uou, 
af  SoblDHi  mlcrapbfUi ;  ud  nur^.  Mr. 

^c.  Char.,  Sic.  Leaves  with  6 — 7  pairs  of 
hoary  retuse  leaflets.  Petioles  and  stipules  d 
rather  spinescent  at  the  apei.  Hoot  creep- 
ing. (Don'i  MiU.)  A  low  shrub.  Siberia, 
in  the  Desert  of  Baraba,  and  in  other  arid  ' 
places.  Height  S  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  in 
1819.  Flowers  yellow  ;  April  to  June.  Le- 
gume brown;  ripe  in  August.  *"■  "^l*'"*"*""^ 

j«  *.  C.  (a.)  Rkdo'wsk/  Dec     Redowski'a  Caragana,  or  Iberia*  Pea  Tree 


Eugrmri^.    Dec  LegunL.  t.  U.  1 4S ,  In  Che  leedLbig  ttau. 

^Mc,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  with  two  pairs  of  ovate,  acute,  smooth  leaflet 
Stipules  spinose.  Flowers  yellow.  (Don't  MIL)  A  low  shnrii.  Siberi 
Hei^t  4ft.  to  5  ft.  Introduced  in  18S0.  Plowerv  yellow;  April  and  Ma 
Legume  brown;  ripe  in  August. 


XXV.  leoumina'cea:  caraga'na. 


239 


fanetif. 

^  C  (A.)  R,  2  pns'cox  Fisch.  only  differs  from  C.  Redowskt  in  coming 
into  flower  earlier.  The  specimen  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden  was  in 
full  leaf,  and  in  flower,  on  April  30.  1836,  when  C.  frutescens  and 
C.  arburescens  had  not  a  single  leaf  expanded. 

In  general  appearance  and  habit  of  growth,  it  resembles  C\  Alfagdna,  ot 
which  it  is  probably  only  a  variety.     H.  S. 

•»  5,  C,  (a.)  ARBNA^RiA  Dottn  and  Sims,     The 
Sand  Caragana. 

lientifiaUum.   Donn  Hort.  Cant.;  Sims  Bot.  Mag.,t.  188G. 
Earonngt.    Stma  BoL  Mag.,t.  1S86. ;  and  our  ^.  388. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  with,  usually,  4  or 
more  pairs  of  obcordate  leaflets.  Pedicels 
usually  twin,  and  shorter  than  the  flowt-rs. 
Stipules  .subulate.  Flowers  yellow.  (DmCs 
MtU,)  A  low  shrub.  Siberia.  Height  1  ft.  to 
2ft.  Introd.  1602.  Flo^^ers  yellow;  April 
and  May.  Legume  dark  brown ;  ripe  in  August. 

Probably  only  another  variety  of  C  arbor^scens. 
Iftnd,  but  is  generally  propagated  by  grafting. 

A  6.  C,  FRUTE^scENS  Dec,    The  shrubby  Caragana. 

^e^iffkaHon,    Dec.  Prod.,  i.  p.' 968. ;  Don't  Mill.  8.  p.  84S. 

«9*9*intn.   RoUni'a  fnxt«iceiu  Lim.  Spec.  I0i4.,  Pail.  Fi.  Sou,  t.  43. ;  C.  diglt&U  Lam.  Dia. 

I.p.626.  r 
fiV<M^g«.    8wt.  Fl.-G«rd.,  L  SS7. ;  PalL  Fl.  Rom.,  t.  42.,  ai  Robin/a  frutitcent ;  and  oar  Jig, : 


3M     C.  (a.) 


It  ripens  seeds  in  Eng- 


889.    C  tmtUemm, 


Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leayes  having  2  pairs  of  leaflets,  which 
approxioiate  near  the  top  of  the  petiole :  they  are  obo- 
vate-cttoeated.  Stipules  membranous.  Petiole  furnished 
with  a  short  spine  at  the  apex.  Pedicels  solitary,  twice 
the  length  of^  the  calyx.  Flowers  yellow,  resupinate. 
Leaves  with  a  yellow  hue.  (Don*t  MUL)  A  low  shrub. 
Native  of  Russia,  on  the  banks  of  the  Wolga  and  other 
rivers.  Height  in  open  situations  5  (I. ;  in  woods  and 
gardens  9f^.  to  10  fl.  Introduced  in  1752.  Flowers 
yellow ;  May.     Legume  brown  ;  ripe  in  August. 

^•ir6cf.   DeCandoUe  mentions  two  forms :  — 

*  C.  /  1  laHfd&a,  which  has  gla- 
brous broadly  obovate  leaflets, 
and  is  frequent  in  gardens; 
there  being  a  subvariety,  with 
2-flowered  peduncles;  and 

A  C.  /.  2  angtuH/oiia,  which  has  glabrous  oblong  cuneated 
leaflets,  and  is  found  near  Odessa. 

A  handsome  shrub,  sometimes  grafted  standard  high  on 
C  arbor^ens. 

jt  7.  C.  (f.)  mo^llis  Best,     The  soft  Caragana. 

Identification.    Beu.  Enum.  PI.  Volh.M).  29.;  Don*t  MUL,  2.  p.  243. 
Sirnonpmeg.    Roblnia  mdUii  Sieb.  Fl.  Tour-  Sirppl.  477- ;  Robfn^n  tomen* 

tbaa  Fuck.  HorU  Gorenk.   1818 ;  Caragana  trut^acena  rar.  mdllia  Dec 

Prod.  2.  p.  268. 
Engramng.    Our  Jig.  390.  from  a  tpecimen  In  Dr.  Lindley'i  herbarium. 

S^ec.  Char.,  ifc.     Leaves  with  2  pairs  of  oblong,  cuneated, 
approximate  leaflets,  near  the  tip  of  the  petiole,  clothed 
with  sofl  hair.    Petiole  ending  in  a  short  spine.    Pe- 
dicels solitary.    Flowers  yellow.  {Dec,  Prod,)     A  low 
ahnib.    Native  of  Tauria  and  Podolia.     Heieht  2  ft.  to  3  ft.     Introduced  in 
1818.     Flowers  yellow  ;  April  and  May.     Legume  brown ;  npe  in  August. 


ctr.} 


1 


240  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

*  8.  C.  pvghx'a  Dec.     The  pygmy  Caragana. 
Unification.    Dec.  Pnid.,l.ii.Wa.:  DoDlMm.,1  p.  Ml 

Sf^nnynu.     lloblllu_|i;*iu'm  Lin.  Sp.  10««.,  PalL  PL  Rou.  1.  [.  19. .  ^wh.  HU*.  t.  3\ 
/•WnWiWf.     Pdl.  FT  R<m..  ].  t  U.  :  Ania.  Ruth.,!.  1S.,U  RdMhu  prgma'ii  uid  oar  A- ML 

^rc.  char.,  t^c.     LeHTes  with  2  pidn  of  linear,  glabrous,  approximate  leaflet! 


ir  the  lip  of  the  petiole,  which  is  yen  hhort.     Stipules  and  petioles  ipi- 
cent.    Pedicel.t  solitary,  and  nearly  the  length  of  the  c  ' 
equal  at  the  base.     Leaflets  acute,  crowded,  usually  ir 


le  calyx.  Calyx  nearlj 
y  in  the  axils  of  trifid 
spines.     Flowers  yellow.  (Dec.  Prod.)    A  low  shrub.    Native  of  the  Altaic 
Mountains.     Hei^t  2  ft.  to  6  h.    Introduced  in 
1751.    Flowers  yellow  ;     April  and  May.     Le- 
gume brown ;  ripe  id  Aupist. 

j>  Cp.  iarenaria  Fisch.has  linenr-cunente  lenf- 

leta,  and  pedicels  of  the  flowers  generally 

longer  than  the  calyx.  \ 

This  species  has  large  triGd  spines,  slender  leaves, 
and  small  flowers.  The  leaflets  are  remnrkahle  lor 
heing  in  fours,  disposed  in  the  form  of  a  stur,  in  the 
axils  of  the  spines.  The  young  shoots  are  of  a  fine 
yellow,  very  tough,  and  fit  for  being  used  as  wiihs. 
When  grafted  as  a  standard  on  C.  arbor^scens,  it  fornis  a  small  tre 
aingular  i^ipearance.     Increased  by  suckers  or  by  grafting. 

ji  9.  C.  spiNo'sA  Dec.     The  spiny  Caragana. 

ilft1ltjlfc«<fcli.^PW.  Prod..!  Ij.  M9;l  LlDffl^Bot^n»g.,10tUi  n<in'»MlM„lii.M». 


1.  uid  ■■  I  RoblDia  nrtiMilulnii 


Id  ourA,  3»1. 


Enpatiit^.    PlILFl.  Ron..  I.  L  *t.  I  But.  Beg..t 

spec.  Char .,^c.  Leaves  with  2 — 4  pairs 

neate-llnear  glabroua  leafl::ts.   Stipules  small, 

spinose.     Adult  petioles  permanent,  strong, 

and  spinose,  twice  the  length  of  the  leaflets. 

Flowers   solitary,    almost   sessile,  and  of  a 

bright  yellow,     L^ume  rather  compressed. 
(Don't  Mill.)     A 
spiny  shrub.     Si- 
beria, in   gravelly 
arid     situations;    '  . 
and  also  said  to  be  {  J 
plentiful   in   Chi-   ^ 
na,  about  Pekin, 
■*  here     branches 
of  it  are  stuck  in  ■*"■  ' 

clay  upon  the  tops  of  the  walls,  in  order  that  its 
spines  may  prevent  persons  from  gcttiog  over 
them.  {Pal/.  Fl.  Ron.)  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  In- 
troduced In  1755,  Flowers  yellow  i  April  and 
May.     Legume  brown  ;  ripe  in  August. 


^.A'n.  £l.I' 


XXV.  legumina'ce^  :  caraga^na. 


241 


Sptc.  Char.,  ij-c.  Leavea  with  E — 4'  pairs  of  ohlong-Ianfeolaie  ^ilkj  leaflelt, 
ending  in  a  little  spine.  Stipulea  spinescent.  Adult  petioles  pennanent, 
strong,  and  spinose,  twice  the  length  or  the  leaflets.  Pedicels  solitary,  short. 
Lqni me  hoary- villous.  fDon't  AliU.'}  A  low  spinj  shrub.  Native  ot'  Si- 
beria, among  granite  rocks.  Height  6  in.  to  I  ft  Introduced  in  1816. 
Flowers  yellow,  drooping ;  April  and  Hay.  Legume  brown  ;  ripe  in  August. 
When  grafted  standard  hi^,  it  forms  a  very  singular  object. 


.■  H.  C.  iUBA'T*  Poir.     The  crested  Caraj^a. 

Potr.  Suppl,.  3.  p.  Nl  ;  Dec,  Prod..  ^  p.HS.:  Don'i  MPL,  1  p.  M4 
•Viaia  mbia  Fail,  in  Aa.  Pri,  \a.  I.  &.,  dUT^  lis.  1.  »S.,|,utfJ.  Bo 


I  ouiA.  » 


^irr.  Char.,  ifc.  Leaves  with  4  or  5  pairs  of  oblong-laneeolate  lanuginously 
ciliated  leaflets.  Stipules  setaceous.  Petioles  somewhat  spinose ;  adult 
ones  (iefleied,  filiform,  |)ennanent.  Pedicels  sol ilary,  very  short.  Leiiunie 
glabrous.  Flowers  few  and  while,  suffused  with  red,  {Don't  Mill.)  A  low 
shrub;  native  of  Siberia  near   Lake  Baikal.  u-      u^ 

Height  I  ft.  to  1  ft.  6  in.     Introduced  in  1796.  ^■■■■- 

Flowers  white,  tinged   with   red ;  April  and    ,'  aTHMLyipN  i 

May.    Legume  brown  ;  ripe  in  August.  -'  Jft  ^f «¥■'*- 

This  species  has  a  curious  ^ha^j^  apjicarancp,  \ 

occasioned  by  the  footstalks  of  the  leaves  being 

briiily  or  thorny,  and  remaining  on  long  after 

the  leaflets   have  dropped   off.      Increased  by  ■"•■  '-j-™' 

jralting  on  Caragdna  arborescens,  and  aa  a  standard  forming  a  very  singular 

looting  object. 

.-  12.  C. 


Snmfmt.    RoUniii  irlDdlOin  Silt,  ft,  Tmr.  1.  p.  16B. 
Empm^.    Our  JIf.  9W. 

Sjiec.  Char.,  <$-£.  Leaves  with  2  pain  of  oblong-cuneated  ap- 
proiJDlate  leaflets,  near  the  tip  of  the  petiole,  which  is 
very  short.  Stipules  and  petioles  ^inose.  Pedicels  soli- 
tary, almoHt  the  length  of  the  calyx,  which  is  gibbous  at  the 
bate.  Legume  terete,  acute,  brown,  glabrous.  Flowers 
1  in.  long,  yellow.  {Dm'i  MiU.)  A  low  shrub  ;  native 
of  Georgia,  near  Teflis.  Height  gfl.  to  4fl.  Introduced 
in  1823.  Flowers  yellow,  1  in.  long  ;  June  and  July. 
L^me  brown  i  ripe  m  September.    U.  S. 

.■  13.  C.  duMLA'au  Lam.     The  Chamlagu,  or  C/aaeie  Caragan 
Unlitcaiim.    Lm.  DIcL.  J.  p.GlS.-,  Dae.  Pnd  .1, 

p.W.;   D«l'lMlU.,S.p,»lt. 

trmomfmr.    KiMais  Clmil^u  i.'Htrtt.  Stirp,  N. 

CafTHa^.  L'Ktrll.  SUrp..  I.  TT.  i  N.  Da  Hm. 
.tlli..ll.tl.i  iiidourJV.l» 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  with  S  pairs  of 
distant,  ovat,  or  obovale,  glabrous 
leaflets.  Stipules  spreading,  and,  as 
well  as  the  petioles,  spino!>e.  Pedicels 
solitary.  Flowers  pendulous,  large, 
and  yelIow,Bt  lenpth  becoming  reddislu 
Koot  smelling  like  liquorice,  (Doit'i 
MiU.)  A  difliise  smooth  shrub.  Native 
uf  China.  Height  2  ft.  to  4  ft  In- 
troduced in  1773.  Flowers  yellow,  at 
length  becoming  reddish,  large ;  May 
and  June.  Legiuue  brown ;  ripe  August. 


AltRORETUH    ET    FRUTICETIJM   BRITANNICUM. 

Thi«  ipedea  has  a 
branches  are  alternau  ,  .    ^    , 

has  a  lingulnr  appearance,  more  especially  when  Jiut  goin^  out  of  floner. 
is  generafl}'  propagated  by  separating  the  ofTseta,  or  hy  seeds,  or  it  may  be 
^ratteii  on  C.  arborescens.  (Jrafted  on  this  speciea,  especially  when  the  »tock 
IB  10  or  13  feet  high,  it  forma  a  singularly  piclnresquc  pendulous  tree ;  beau- 
tiful not  only  when  it  is  in  leaf  or  in  flower,  but  from  the  graceful  lines  formed 
by  its  branches,  even  in  the  midst  of  winter,  when  they  are  completely  BlrippeJ 
of  their  leaves. 

Genus  XIV. 


i^l 


HALIMODE'NDUON  Fitch.    Tbb  Haumodbndbon,  . 
Lin.  Syil.  Diad^lphia  DecAndrio. 

•e.  Ugum,  UCiii',  6. 


Gen,  Char.  Cidyz  urceolately  campanulate,  with  5  short  teeth.  Keel  obtuse, 
straishtish.  Wingi  very  acute,  and  auricled.  Stament  diadelplious,  about 
equal  in  lenzth.  Style  filiform,  gbbrous.  Sligma  terminal.  Legume  stipi- 
tate,  inflated,  bladdery,  hard,  ovate,  and  few-seeded,  depressed  at  the  semi- 
niferous suture.     Seedi  oval.  (Don'i  Miil.) 

Leavei  compound,  alternate,  stipulate,  dedduous  ;  abruptly  pinnate,  with 
8  pairs  of  leaflets:  petioles  and  stipules  spinose.  Flou^eri  bluish  pink,  or 
purplish,  in  2 — 3-(1owered  peduncles. — Shrubs,  deciduous;  natifes  of  Europe 


Propagated  by  seeds,  by  cuttings  of  the  to 
abumum,  or  on  the  Caragana  arborescens. 


>r  by  grading  on  the 


tVSi';i 


Pall.  Ft.  Ron 


Leaves  hoary.  Peduncles  S-flowered. 
A  shrub,  known  from  the  colour  of  its 
branches.  Native  of  Siberia  in  saline 
steppes  near  the  river  Irtis,  Height 
'Ifl.  to  61^  Introduced  in  1779. 
Flowera  bluish  pink,  fraprant ;  May 
to  July.  Legume  inflated,  brown  ; 
ripe  in  September. 

arietiei.      DeCandolle  mentions  two 
forms  of  this  species :  — 

A   H.  a.   I  vulgare  Dee.  Prod.  — 

Leaves     hoary     or     silvery. 

Standard  the  same  length  as 

the  keel. 

m  H.  a.  2  brnchi/wma  Dec.  Prod. 

Mag.,  1016.;  and  our  jig.  398.)  —  Leaves 

or  silvery.      Standard   shorter   than   the 

and  keel.     Style  short. 


XXV.   leguminaVe*:  calo'phaca.  243 

•  fl'.  a.  3  Swcfrrii,  H.  Sieversii  Fisch.,  is  a  dwarf  variety,  very  hardy, 
oamed  by  some  as  a  speciea.  H.  S. 
Ad  irre^ilar.  much-bran  died,  ri^d  shnih.  with  s  strigoite  grey  bark,  and 
Irares  clothed  with  a  whitish  siiky  down.  The  flowers  are  nunieroiis,  restm- 
bliug  those  of  i.athyrus  tuberosum,  both  in  colour  and  size;  ami  they  htnell 
iweet.  According  to  Palinii,  it  is  much  frequented  by  insects,  especially  of  the 
anw  Meloe  J,.,  many  species  of  which  are  peculiar  to  Siljena.  It  flowers 
freely  from  May  to  July,  and,  in  moiat  seasons,  later  ;  and,  when  grafted 
sCaadard  high  on  the  common  laburnum,  it  forms  one  of  the  most  graceful 
drooping  trees  that  can  adorn  a  lawn. 


.    Oar  fit,       .  Id  p. 

Spec.  Oiar.,  ^c.  Leaves  greenish.  The  standard  of  the  same  length  as  the 
keel.  Pedicels  3-flowered,  {Dais  jIW.)  A  shrub,  like  the  precSjing  one, 
of  which  it  ia,  without  doub^  only  a  variety. 


IaJ 


CALOTHACA  Fadt.    Tkb  Calophaca.   Lin.  Sytl.   Diad^lphia  Dec4ndria. 

Hnil^ln&m,    Fbrh.  iHd. :  Dr.  Prod,,  t 

OtnroKni,    Fmm  kakn.  bMiiUftil.  and^iita 

(rn.  Char,  Calt/i  5-clefl,  the  lobes  acuminated.  Keel  obtuse.  Slameiu  dia- 
delphous.  Stgle  villous  and  straight  at  the  base,  but  glabrous  incurved  at 
the  apex.  Stigma  terminal.  Lfgume  sessile,  oblong,  soniewhat  cylindrical, 
Duicronate,  I-celled.  Valvei  concave,  beset  with  sott  hairs,  as  veil  as  with 
Miir glandular  bristles,  mixed.  (Don't  Mill.) 

Leave!  compound,  alternate, stipulate, <lcciduous ;  im pari- pinnate:  stipules 
laaceolale.     Flower)  yellow.  —  A  shrub,  native  of  Siberia. 

jt  1.  C.  woLOA'RiCA  Fueh.     The  Wolga  Calophaca. 

UwQieBlM.  Filch.  Id  LItl.;  Dm.  Prod..  1.  p.  via.;  Dod'i 
Maf.,!.p,!H. 

•iliPaa.  h.  ^^\.C*1.:     Cftlliu'wVlrtrl™  fiV 
fi   Srppl.   117.,  ,V.  Du    Ham.  I.    [.  tS.  i  Caluto  viil|^.   i 
nn  Lam-  i  Adenwirput  arolg^llt  Smrfytg.  Hj/tt,  i.  p.  m. 
ImtrmKfi.    Tan.  tl.  HOH,*.  t.17.;  N.  Du  lUm.. S.  t.  48.; 

^1^.  Char.,  Sic.    Leaflets  6  or  7  pairs,  orbicular, 

veliely  beneath,  as  well  as  ihecalyxes.  (Don't 

Mill.)   A  deciJuousshrub.    Siberia,  in  desei't  ' 

places  near  the  rivers  Don  and  Wolga,  in  a 

ravelly  or  sandy  soil.     Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft. 

Introduced  in  1780.     Flowers  yellow;  June. 

L^ume  reddish ;  ripe  in  August. 

Beins  somewhat  difficult  to  propagate  except 
iiy  teedK,  which,  however,  in  Rne  seasons,  it 
proihieeii  in  abundance,  it  is  not  so  common  as 
*  ought  to  be  in  British  gardens.  Grafted 
Sudard  high  on  the  common  lahumum,  it  forms 


ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUH. 


pilar,  picturesque,  and  beauEiAil,  whether  when  covered 
h  its  fine  reddish  pods. 


Q 


COLIPTEA  R.  Br.    Thb  Colutea,  or  Bladder  Simu.    ZM.  Sytt. 

Diadelphia  Decindria. 

littuiflcuiam.    B.  Dr.  In  Hon.  K»., td.  l.toL  «.  p.  IM.;  Dec  PrDd..&  V-VO.;  Don't  MUl.t 

Svnimymn.    Blgueiuudkr,  Ft.  i  Srani  Cd[u.  lot. ;  Blumbuiin.  nir. 

Dtri'iiim.    From  kolomi,  w  impuUM.    TheihruM  m  i*\A  ladle  If  the bnnctaH an Isp^ gfl 

JCdIWiii  li  ilu  the  una  o(  ■  pluU  nmrlaniid  bj  Ttiinplirutui. 
Gen.  Char,     Calyx  d-toothed.     Vexillum  flat,  bicallose,  Jaroer  than  the  keel 

which  ii  obtuse.     Stammi  diadelphoua.     Stiema  lateral,  liooked  under  tht 

top  of  the  style.     Style  bearded  longitudinally  behind.    Jjcgusie  itipitate, 

ovatR,  boat-formed,  inflated,  scarious.  (Don'i  AliU.) 

Leavei  compound,  alternate,  stipulute,  deciduoua ;  impari-pinnate :  Mipulei 

amall.    Flowtrt  usually  yellov ,  axillary,  the  mcemes  shorter  than  the  leaves, 

and   succeeded  by  blaJdery  legumes.  —  Shrubs,  deciduous  ;   natives  of  the 

Middle  ar.d  South  of  Europe,  the  North  of  Afiica,  and  Nepal. 

All  tbe  kinds  that  have  hitherto  been  introduced  into  Europe  are  probablj 
only  varieties  of  one  iipecies.  They  are  readily  increased  by  seeds  or  cutting; 
of  the  roots  on  any  common  soil. 

■  I,  C.  arborb'sckns  Lin.  The  arborescent  Colutea,  or  Bladder  Senna. 
MtnHflcaUim.  Llii.  Sp.  IMS, ;  D«.  intr.,  Ko.  I. :  Dec  Prod.,  1.  p.  STO.  1  DoD'i  MIIL,  1.  p.  M&. 
SMfliyrK.    C.  hlnjlta  HiM  FL  Germ.  t.  f.  SUft. 

Stfrarli^i.    K  DuHun.,  I.t.«.;  Sdimtdl  Atb.,t  tlT.i  Bot.  Muf.,  l.BI.;  udimrAr.  Kft 
:^c.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaflets   elliptical,  retiise.      Pe-         _      . 

dundes  bearing  about  6  yellow  flowers.    Callosities 

of  the  standard  short.     Legumes  closed,     (^liec. 

Prod.)  A  rapid-growing  shrub.   Middle  and  South 

of  Europe,  Italy,  and  on  Mount  Vesuvius  is  found 

even  on  ihe  ascent  to  the  crater,  where  there  are 

scarcely  any  other  plants.     Height  l2fl.tol4fl. 

Introduced   in  1570.     Flowers  yellow;   June  to 

August.      Legume  bladdeT'like,  reddish ;   ripe  in 

September. 

The  bladders,  when  pressed,  explode  with  a  crack- 
ling nolle.  On  the  Continent,  the  leaves  have  been 
recommended  as  a  substitute  for  senna,  and  they  are 
also  said  to  aSord  a  grateful  food  for  cattle.  The 
seeds,  in  doses  of  a  drachm  or  two,  are  said  to  excite 
vomiting.  In  British  gardens,  the  plant  is  chiefly 
valuable  as  a  bulky  fust-growing  shrub,  of  the  eonest 
culture,  and  fit  for  almost  any  situation. 
«  2.  C.  (*.)  cbub'sta  AU.    The  bloody^wemf  Colutea,  or  Oriental  Bladde- 

Htolifltalkm,    Ait  Hon.  Kew,,a.jp.  M.;  Drc.  A>lr.,No.J.i  Don't  Mill.  I.  p  W5. 

StiK^trnti.    C.orlenUlli  Ijm.  Dlci.\.\:Va..  III.  «M.  f.  3.. >'. Qh  Han. I .  t. U. ;  r.  luntBc 

PalL  :  C.  ipvn  SctmiiU  Art.  1. 119.  [  C  hatnilli  Srop. 
flWraWiwi.    Liini.  111.,  834.  f.  3.,   N.  Du  Hun.,  1.  I.  t>.  ;  Scheldt  A  rb.,  L  lift.;  Krauir,  I.  105. 

md  our  Jig.  Ml. 

Spec,  Ciar,,  4^.  Leaflets  obovate,  emarginate,  glaucous.  Peduncles  bearin, 
4 — 5  flowers.  Callosities  of  the  standard  obtuse,  very  small.  Legume 
tuning  at  the  tip.  Corolla,  in  colour,  between  red  and  saffron -colourei: 
with  a  yellow  spot  at  the  bate  of  the  standard.  {Dec.  Prad.)     A  glaucou 


XXV.   leguhina^cea::  colotea. 


245 


shrub.  Ardiipetago,  Qeorgia,  and  the 
LevgDC.  Height  4  ft.  to  B  ft.  Introd. 
1731.  Flowers  reddish  copper-coloured; 
June  and  Juljr.     L^uine  redilieh ;  ripe 

Heseiiiblea  C.  arbor^cens,  but  of  smaller 
diinen9ions,Hnd  with  leaflets  more  glHUcoiu, 


Spec.  Char.,  g/c.  Leaf- 
lets obcordMte.glau- 
ccscent.  Peduncles 
usually  6-flowered. 
Ltgumes  closed  at 
the  apex.  Flowers 
orange-coloured.  — 
(IJdi.'»  Mill.)  6 

A  shrub  ratherlarger  than  C.  (a.)  cni^nta,  and  differing 
from  it  chiefly  In  haviiif  orange-coloured  flowers.  Per- 
lispa,  *  hybrid  between  the  two  preceding  aorts.  ,0,,  c.<>.)p>mi>. 

•  4   C.  (a.)  hile'ppica  Lam.     The  Aleppo  Colutea,  or  Bladder  Senna- 

IdtnlificatlOK.     Lun.  Dirt.,  I.  p.  »3.  (  III..  L  CM.  f.  1  i  Doc. 

Arti.  «.  ijai'c  inrta  Mm'.Dia.  No.l'l.  IdTi  c'prijcCm- 
toDI  L-mrii.  Slrrp.  Hat.  i.  Ha, 
Ei^m^i.     Scbmlilt  ArlL,  L  ia).  I  ud  our  Jig.  to. 

Spec.  Char,,  4rc.  Leaflets  roundishly  elliptical, 
very  obtuse,  mucronace.  Peduncles  bearing 
3  yellow  flowers.  Cullosities  of  the  standarit 
lengthened, ascending.  Legumes  closed.  Smaller 
than  C.  arboreseens,  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  low 
shrub.  Fields  about  Alqipo.  Height  3  fi.  to 
6ft.  Introduced  in  1732,  Flowers  yellow; 
May  to  October,  Legume  reddish  ;  ripe  Uct. 
Closely  resembling  C.  arboreseens,  of  which  it 

af^eara  to  be  a  variety,  but  rather  more  tender 

in  Britbh  gardens. 


»  5.  C.  Kkpale'nsis  Haei.     The  Nepal  Colutea,  or  Bladder  Senna. 

MWUoftcH.    Hank.  B«.  Ki(..KII.;    Doo'I  Mm,  1,  p.  H^ 
x.<fn*W*.    llaok.B«.Mii,L3fiI3.;*DilouFj(f.  4H. 


Q4G  ARBORETUM    ET    FKUTICETUM    BRITANN'ICUM. 

Sprc.  Char.,  $c.  Leaflets  roundish-elliptic,  retuse.  Racemes  drooping,  few- 
fluwered.  Calloxities  or  HtanJard  pupillirorm.  Leg:imes  rather  coriaceous, 
pubescent.  {Don's  Miil.)  A  bmnchy  shrub.  Nepal.  Height  3  ft.  to 
IGft.  Flowers  yellow  i  August  and  September.  Legume  reddish;  ripe  in 
October. 
The  leaflets  are  saiall,  and,  being  more  imperfectly  developed  than  in  any  of 

the  other  kinds,  give  it  a  singular  appearance. 

Genus  XVII. 


□ 


iiSTRA'GALUS  Dec.    Thb  Milk  Vetch.    Lin.  Sgit.  Diad^Iphia 
Decindria. 

liinHficaliim.    Dfc  .^Itng.,  No.  t.\  Froil.,1.  p.  191.;  Don'l  Hl[l.,  3.  p.  Ua. 

&JiKngnu,    AtirigtVit  (p.  ot  Lin.  ind  oUitri :  AKtigilr.  Pr. :  Tri^nl.  Gtr, :  Aitrn^o.  JUL 

Gen,  Char.  Calyx  Moothed.  Keel  obtuse.  Slametii  diadelphous.  Legumi 
biloculiir  or  hair-bilocular,  from  the  upper  suture  being  bent  in  so  much. 
(UonV  MiU.) 

Leavel  compound,  altcrnnte,  stipulate,  deciduous  ;  pinnate  :  petioles  per- 
manent. Flowera  in  the  only  hurdy  ligneouR  speciirs  purplisn  or  white. 
—  Shrubs,  low ;  natives  of  the  South  of  Europe  and  Asia. 

M.    1.   A.    ntAGACA'NTHA  L. 

I/hnlfflraaon.    Lin.  Sp.  ID7I. ;  Woadi.  Mol.  Bol.,  916,  t.  M.  i  Wall.  Dcnd.  Brit,  84. 

iwapiiat.  Pall.  Altr..  t  4.r.'l,3  :'l>uli.  Arl>,,&  t'lOO.VwWT.  Med.  Hot..  nS.  L  !K  i  WlU. 
iScnd.  BrII..  L  84.  ;  ud  our  fig.  *rtt,. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^r.   Peduncles  usually  4-flowered, 

about  equal  in  length  to  the  leaves.    Calyxes 

cylindrical,  with  5  short  bhmt  teeth.  Leaves 

with  9 — II  pairs  of  elliptic  hoary  leaflets. 

(Don-,  MiU.)    A  low  pricliiy  glaucous  shrub, 

with  sub-persistent  leaves,  ond  persistent  pe- 
tioles. Marseilles  and  Narboniip,  in  sandy 
f laces,  as  veil  as  Corsica  and  Muuritania. 
(eight  6  in.  to  1  ft.      Introduced  in  1640. 

Flowers  purplish  or  white :    May  to  July. 

Legumes  tomentose,   brown  ;    Ti\te  in  ^ep- 

leniber.     Oeneral  aspect  whitish. 

The  flowers  are  disposed   on  axillary  pc-  ju.4_i 

duncles,  so  short   as  to  prevtnt  them    from  wTi»j«c»«iik 

being  at  all  conspicuous  above  the  leaves.  After  the  leaflets  drop  off,  the 
petioles  become  indurated,  so  us  to  j^lve  the  plant  the  appearance  of  being 
densely  covered  with  spinea.  Propagated  bv  seeds,  which  it  sometimes 
ripens  in  England,  or  by  cuttiiins.  it  requires  a  dry  soil,  and  a  sunny 
situation  ;  and  is  well  adapted  for  rock-work. 

Oiker  tig'ieatu  Spenes  of  Atlragalui. —  A.  allaicju  Lodd.  Cab.;  \.  ariilaitu 
L'Herit.  Stirp.  170,  with  yellow  flowers,  which  is  figured  in  Bot.  Cab 
t.  1376.,  and  our^.  406. ;  A.  ireri/iUiu,  with  a  puqilish  flower,  ligurcU  ii 
Bot.  Cab.  t.  1388.,  and  our  fig.  407. ;  and  A.  numilienm  Lam.,  which  ii 
probably  a  variety  of  A.  TVagacantha  with  white  flowera  instead  of  ptupUsl 


MUMiNA*CE«:  coroni'lla. 


0Det,are  in  British  collection! ;  but,  tbough  technically  ligneous,  are  luunllt 
maud  as  rock  berboceous  plants. 


Sect.  III.      If^EDVSA'REA. 

Genus  XVIIL 


Q 


CORONI'LLA  Nedc.     The  Cobonilla.     Im.  Syil.  Uiadelphia  Dccindria. 
n  N»*-EI«ni;.No.M19.iI.™.  Ul,t.eM.i  Dm.Fij4..1.  |i.3>». 

I  ;  Id  rerravnn  to  lb*  (U^aiHion  of  tll«  Bow«ri  Id  civwni,  or 

Gn.  Char.  Calyx  campanulale,  short,  5-toothed,  the  two  superior  teeth  ap- 
proiimate,  and  joineit  lo-^ecber  hij^her  up  than  the  rest.  Clavii  of  petals 
usually  longer  than  the  calyx.  Carina  acute.  AiBifnj  diadclphous.  Legume 
nearly  terete,  slender,  at  length  separating  into  oblong  l-seeded  joints.  SeciU 
orate  or  cylindrical  {Don't  Mill.) 

Lrarff  compound,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  impari-pinnate.  FIoukti 
in  axillary  peduncles,  btaring  at  their  tops  umbels  of  pedicellate  flowers, 
usualh-  yellow. —  Shrubs,  deciduous  or  sub-evergreen ;  natives  of  the  South 
of  Europe  or  Asia. 
They  are  all  highly  omamenial,  and  most  of  them  produce  seeds  in  England, 

bj  which,  or  by  cuttings,  they  are  easily  propagated  in  common  soil. 
■   1.  C.  E'uERVS  L.     The  Scorpion •  Senna  Coronilla. 

Uetl^lbatiott.     Lin.  Sp.,    IHfi.  t  Dh 
hM.,  1.  p.  309,:  D™^  hlU.,  ».  p.  7}*. 

%MViwi.    E'DiFiui  iD^Jar  U-U-  Icon. 

tneilUmlam.Fl'Fr.  '  '  '  '  , 
H«D,7tUl-;uW0DrjS(-«i8- 
Spec.  Char.,  SfC.  Shrubby,  gla- 
broua.  Its  leaves  are  attend- 
ed  by  minute  stipules,  and 
have  S — 7  obovate  lenflets. 
Its  flowers  are  yelloir,  dis- 
poned 3  upon  a  peiluncte.  The 
daws  of  the  petals  are  thrice 
as  long  as  the  cdyx.  The 
legume  is  rather  cylindrical 
than    compressed,    and    its 


248  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICIJH. 

joints  separate  slowiy  nnd  unobviously,  but  they  do  separate.  (Dec.  Prod.) 
A  bushy  glabrous  nhrub.  Middle  and  Southern  Europe,  in  thickets  and 
hedjies.  Height  4  h.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  159G.  Flowers  yellow  (  April 
to  June.     Legume  brown  ;  ripe  in  September, 

Before  the  flowers  are  expanded,  the  corolla  is  partly  red  CKtenially,  nio«tlT 
.10  towards  the  tips  of  the  petals  ;  and  the  mingling  of  the  yellow  Sowers,  with 
flower-buds  more  or  less  red.  and  the  elegant  foliage,  produce  a  line  effect.  It 
flourishes  most  in  a  sunny  sheltered  situation,  and  a  dry  soil.  It  bears  clipping, 
and  would  form  a  beautiful  garden  hedge. 

■  J"  a.  C.  Ju'ncea  L.     The  rushy-irancAerf  Coronilla. 


Idrnlifitalvm.     Lin.  Sp,,  IW?.  ;  Doc.  Prod.,  S.  n.  il».  j  Don'i  Mill.,  S.  p.  » 
Enfravmti.    Dot.  Reg.,  t.  820.  ;  BoL  Cab.,  t.  lU.  ;  aiaat  Jig.  Wi. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.     Shrubby,  gbbroiis.     Branches  nish-Iike,  round,  bearing  but 
few  leaves  ;   the  latter  are  atlended  by  minute  stipules,  and 
have  3 — 7  leaflets,  that  are  linear  oblon';,  obtuse,  and  rather 
fleshy ;  the  lowest  leattcts  being  rather  distant  from  the  base 
of  the  petiole.     The  flowers  are  yellow,  5 — 7  in  an -umbel.  / 
The  claws  of  the  petals  are  scarcely  longer  than  the  calyx.  \ 
The  l^ume  is  ratlier  compressed,  and  its  joints  aepanile 
obviously.  (ZJcc.  Prod.}     An  erect  glaucous  shrub.     South 
ofFrance.  Height2fi.  to  3ft.  Introducedin  1756.  Flowers 
bright  yellow  J   June  and   July.     Legume  brown;   ripe  in 
September.  u*.   cjtm. 

It  deserves  a  place  in  collections,  on  account  of  the  singularity  of  its  rush- 
like  slender  branches,  which,  like  those  of  £pltrtium  _;unceum,  are  partly  desti- 
tute of  lenTes. 


Sect.  IV.    Phaseo"le«. 
Genus  XIX. 


W[STA'R/.4  Nutt.    The  Wistaria.    Lin.  Sail.  Diadelphia  Dedtndna. 

IdttuificaUm.    NnR,  Gen.  An».,l.  p.  119.i  D«.  Prod..  1  n.  I8».  i  Don't  Mill..!,  p.  MS. 

jnmyiim.    GI}c[im  ip.  L..  Thxnintliui  ElUal,  KraliDhia  Riflo. 

UfTivaHan.  Ninvd  In  Ihmiout  or  Catpar  tfMar^  1iit«  rrore»or  of  Anuon;  In  tb«  rnlvfillr  of 
PenniylTvnIa.  {Dtnt'E  Miil.,  11.  p.  34H.1  NuIUIL  flnl  clurUTterli^  mnil  nAmfd  (hli  fenu.  frDin  tti< 
AmFTicAn  apHlci.  which  he  dcivomlnitnl  W.  ipecl^ia;  but  which  DeCAOdolle  hu  dijuiBcd  low. 
frut^Knu,     In  DeCuidolle'i  i>n>ilreiiiu,  and  lanie  cnher  wotke,  WliUriii  It  emneouilr  iprlltil 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  campanulate,  somewhat  bilabiate,  upper  lip  with  two  short 
teeth,  lower  one  with  3  subulate  teeth.  Corolla  papilionaceous.  Fexillum 
bicatlose.  Wingi  conforming  to  the  keel,  which  is  a-edged.  Slamem  diadel- 
phous.  Nectariferous  tube  [;irding  the  stipe  of  the  ovary.  Legunie  standing 
on  a  short  stipe,  coriaceous,  2-valved,  1-celled,  rather  torulose  at  the  seeds. 
(Don'i  Mill.) 

Leavts    compound,    opposite,    exstipulatc,    deciduous ;    impari-pinnalc. 
Flower!  bluish  purple,  in  terminal  and  axillary  racemes. — Shrubs,  deciduous, 
twining;  natives  of  North  America  and  China ;  of  vigoroui  growth,  forming^ 
when  in  flower,  some  of  the  most  splendid  ornaments  of  British  gardens. 
The  species  are  quite  hardy,  will  grow  in  any  soil,  and  are  generally  pro- 
pagated by  layers  of  the  young  shoots,  which  will  root  at  every  joint  if  Uid 
down  dunng  summer  as  they  grow.     They  may  also  be  propagated  by  cuttings 
of  the  roots ;  or  by  seeds. 


^XV.   LEGUM1KA^CE£.:    OLEDI'TSCH/^. 


«™(tliW*H.J>«.  Prpd.  t  p.  WKi  Don'"  _MUI.,S.B^8.  V^,tJ-^v 


i  1.  W.  frutr'bcbns  i)(v.     The  ihmbbjr  Wist 

,   .       ..  I>«.PrDd..tp,B90.iDon'iMUI 

rruUtcau  P».  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  ^   p.  471.;  Aationaot 

Btm-Jma.  3.  p.  lis.  i    TbTrUnttaiii  frutnmu  Ellial 
Jttrw.  tad.  Scl.   Fiilai;  Phunloldci  Horl,    Angl. 
a. ;  the  KidDFrbeu  Tree. 
Eifrm^t    BoL  ll«i.,t  Sira.;  mndourj«».4IO. 

^m.  Char.,  l^c.    Wings  of  the  corolla  each 

vith  two  auricles.   Oveu^'  glabrous.   FloW' 

en  odorous.    {Dec.   Prod.)     An  elegant 

deciduous    clioiber.      VLrgtnia,    Carol  ins, 

md  the  Illinois,  in  boggj'  places.     Stem 

20ft.  to  30  ft.       [nlrcni,  1724,       Flowers 

bluish  purple,  sweet -scented,  the  standard 

baring  a  greenish  yellov  spot  nt  the  basej 

Julf  to  September.     Legume  brown ;  ripe 

inUctt^r. 

It  is  readily  propa^ted  bj  cuttings  of  the 
root  uid  by  layers,  and  forms  a  very  ornHmental  climber,  especially  when 
trsined  against  a  w^l. 

[s  Dec.    The  Chinese  Wiitam. 

.^  a  ■Ipfanli  Bol.  Rtt.  L  an.  \  Wlittt^i  Cm- 

■Spec.  Char.,  ffc.  Wings  of  the  corolla  each  with 
one  luricle.  Ovary  nlloee.  Flowers  large. 
{Dec.  Prod.)  A  vigorous-growing  deciduous 
twiner.  China.  Stem  50  ft.  to  120  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1816.  Flowers  pale  bluish  purple; 
Hsf  and  June,  and  sometimes  producing  a  se- 
cond crop  of  flowers  in  August.  Legume  ?. 
The  flowers  are  larger  than  those  of  W.  fru- 

liscm  ;  tbey  are  disposed  in  longer  and  looser 

raconei,  and  are  somewhat  paler  in  colour.     On 

enabli*hed   plants   they  are   produced   in   great 

dmodsnce  ;  but  tbey  have  not  yet  been  succeedcl 

by  It^umes  in  England.    This  plant  may  truly  be 

coosidered  the  most  magnificent  of  all  our  hardy 

deciduous  climbers.     It  will  grow  wherever  the 

common  laburnum  will  flourish;  but.as  its  flowers  j„    wuan.oii»fc* 

m  somewhat  more  tender  than  those  of  that 

tree,  they  are  more  liable  to  be  injured  by  frosts  in  very  late  springs.     A  plant 

in  the  HorL  Soc.  Garden,  against  a  waU,  extends  its  branches  above  lOO  ft. 

on  each  aide  of  the  main  stem  ;  one  at  Coughton  Hall  covers  905  luperGcial 

teet  of  walling. 

SecL  V.       Ca88IE*£. 

Genus  XX. 


p.  Flat. ;  Firter,  rr. ;  CMSaeUe.  Qtr. ;  GMItil^  ItaL 


ARBORETUM    ET  FKUTICETUM    BEITANNICUM. 


ui  uiuDit  Skcubeck ;  jiuthoi 
in  (I7e< ).  WHTmiD;  Mtutr  in 


n  (I7u;,  s^am 


Gen,  CAar.  FIoukti  unisexual  from  abortion,  or  bermaphrodite.  Calyx  of 
S^i— 5  equal  aepils,  which  are  connected  together  at  the  base  into  a  cn- 
pule.  PetaU  equal  in  Dumber  to  the  sepals,  rising  from  the  tube  of  the 
calyi.  Stamem  equal  in  number  to  the  sepals.  SlyU  s\ioix.  Sligma.pa' 
bescent  above.  Legume  canCinuou»,  rurnished  with  more  or  less  pulp.  Seedi 
compressed.  (Don't  Mill.) 

Leave!  compound,  abruptly  pinnate,  and  bipionate,  on  the  same  tree  ;  iir, 
rarely,  by  the  coalition  of  the  leaflets,  almost  simple,  altemaie,  stipulate, 
aecidiioua.  Ftowerg  greenish,  in  spikes. — Trees,  deciduous,  or  the  1st,  Sd, 
and  3d  nulks  ;  natives  of  North  America  or  China.  Branchlets  supra- 
axillary,  and  oflen  converted  into  branched  spines.  Decaying  leaves  yellow. 
Naked  young  wood  purplish  or  brownish  green. 

The  species  are  of  easy  culture  in  good  free  soil ;  and,  in  firttain,  generally 
propagated  by  imported  eeeda,  or  grafting.  The  species  appear  to  be  in  a 
slate  of  great  contusion  in  British  gardens;  and,  judging  from  the  trees  in  the 
Hort.  8oc.  Garden,  and  in  the  arboretum  of  Messrs.  Loddiges,  we  shoulJ 
cotyecture  that  there  are,  probably,  not  more  than  two  species,  the  American 
and  the  Chinese.  The  Chinese  species  is  distinguished  by  its  trunk  being 
more  ^iny  ihaD  its  branehei. 

•t  1.  G.  tri*ca'nthos  Lin.     The  three-thorned  Gleditachia,  or  Honeg  Loctal. 

aatliflciasn.    Ub.  Sp.,  190».  i  dm.  Prod.,  t.  p.  479.  I  Don'i  Mill,.  1.  p.  418. 

^^Tr^'cicU  irlu«nch»  Hort. ;  jXii  unerlcAu  Ftuk.  i  FttiBr  d'AioMquci  'ft.  i  Tin  uk. 

EKgraria^.    btchi.  ftL  Alb., 'i  p.  I«.  t.  Ilt.i  Wui.  Dcnd.  Brll.,  1. 198.1  tJic  pkira  of  thii  ipHin 

Sjiec.  C/iar.,  tpc.  Spines  simple  or  trifid ;  stout,  at  the  very  base  compressed, 
in  (he  upper  part  cylindrical,  but  tapered.  Leaflets  linear-oblong.  Legumes 
flattish,  rather  crooked,  many-seeded,  and  more  then  ten  times  as  long  as 
brood.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  large  tree.  Carolina  and  Virginia.  Height  30  ft. 
to  80  k.  Introduced  in  1700.  Flowers  greenish ;  June  and  July.  Legume 
brown  i  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves  yellow.  Naked  young  wood 
purplish  brown. 

t  O.t.  2  tnjrmii  Dec,  O.  he  Vis /fori.   (Dec.Leg.M£m.,2.  t.82.  6g.  109.; 

Catesb.  Carol.,  1. 1.  43.;  Pluk.  Aim.,  t.  123.  fig.  3. ;  and  the  plates  of 

this  variety  in  Arb.  Brit.,  tsi  edit.,  vol.  v.),  has  the  stem  and  branches 

not  spiny,  or  but  very  sparingly  so. 

t  G.  t.  Z  brac/ijicarpa,     Q.  brachycirpa   Parit,  G.  triac&nthos  var.  ,3 

ASchx.  —  LeaAi'ts  oblong  obtuse.     Spines  thick,  short,  not  rarely  3 

together.     Legumes  oblong,  short. 

The  trunk  and  branches,   when  the  tree  is  young,  are  covered  with  laisc 

prickles,  which,  though  they  are  not  ligneous,  become  hard,  and  remain  on  lor 

several  years,  and  offcrr  a  formidable  defence.     These  prickles  are  not  only 

produced  by  the  young  wood,  but  occasionally  protrude  themselves  from  the 

trunk,  even  when  the  tree  is  of  considerable  bulk  and  age.     In  general,  the 

trunk  presents  a  twisted  appearance,  uiid  the  branches  proceed  from  it  rather 

horizontally  than  in  an  upright  direction.     The  pinnated  foliage  is  particulurly 

elegant,  and  of  sn  agreeable  light  shining  green  :  it  appears  late  in  sprinu,  the 

trees  in  the  neighbourhood  ol'  London  sometimes  not  beuig  fully  clothed  till 

the  middle  or  end  of  June;  and  it  begins  to  turn  yellow,  and  drop  oiT,  early 

in  autumn.     The  flowers  are  inconspicuous  t  the  male  flowers  being  in  the 

form  of  catkin-like  racemes  of  nearly  the  same  colour  as  the  Iciives.     Some 

trees  in  the  grounds  at  Syoa  have  ripened  seeds,  the  pods  containing  which, 

being  1  ft.  to  2  ft.  in  length,  and  remaining  on  the  trees  after  the  leaves  are  oB', 

have  a  singular  appearance.     These  crooked  pendulous  pods  are  of  a  reddiith 


XXV.  leoumima'cx^:  gledi'tschu. 


brown  colour  j        , 

■ubstance,  which,  for  about  a  month  nfLer  the  maturity  of  the 
very  sweet,  but  after  a  few  weeks  becomes  eitremel;  sour.  The  rate  of 
growth  of  thia  tree,  for  the  hnt  15  or  20  jieBrB,  ia  generally  about  ihe  Bvtrnge 
of  a  foot  a  year ;  but  in  favourable  situations  it  will  grow  at  double  that  rate. 
In  the  garden  of  the  Hurt.  Soc,  and  in  the  arboretum  of  the  Messrs,  Lod> 
diges,  plants  lOyears  planted  were,  in  1835,  from  SO  ft.  to  S5fi.  in  height. 
The  wood  of  this  tree,  when  dry,  weighs  at  the  rate  of  5E  lb.  the  cubic  foot : 
it  u  Tcry  hard,  and  eplita  with  great  facility,  resembling  in  this  and  other  rc- 
ipects  the  wood  of  the  robinia  ;  but  its  grain  is  coarser,  and  its  pores  more 
open.  In  Britain,  this,  and  all  the  kinds  of  the  )renus,  can  only  be  considered 
as  omamentul  treeii;  but  in  that  cliaracler  they  hold  (he  first  r.mk  ;  their  de- 
licate acacia-like  foliaiie,  and  the  singularly  varied,  ^racefid,  and  picturesque 
forms  assumed  by  (he  tree,  more  especially  when  youn;;  or  middle-aged,  to- 
cher with  the  singular  feature  aSbrded  by  its  spines,  will  always  recommend 
It  in  omamenia!  plantations.  It  requires  a  deep,  rich,  free  soil,  and  a  situation 
not  eiposed  to  high  winds  ;  and  it  requires  the  South  of  England  or  France 
to  ripen  the  seeds.  The  species  is  alwajs  propagated  by  seeds  imported  from 
America,  or  from  France  or  Italy.  The  plants  are  best  transplanted  to  where 
they  are  finally  to  remain  when  quite  young  )  as  they  make  but  few  fibrous 
roots,  and  these  take,  tor  the  most  part,  a  descending  direction.  The  variety 
ti.  (.  incrmis  can  only  be  insured  by  grafting  on  the  species.  In  general,  how- 
ever, abundance  of  plants  without  spines  may  be  sefected  from  beds  of  seed- 
lings of  G.  triadintbos. 

I  2.  G.  (t.)  monospe'ri 

f*|Uil»W«.^  Wih.  C»i.. 

of  Ui4  unirii  iIev. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Spines  slender,  not  rarely  trilid,  few.     Leaflets  ovale-oblong, 

■cute.     Lq;umes  flattish.  roundish,  l-seeded.  (Dec.  Frod.)     A  tree  of  the 

lar^rest  size.     Native  of  Carolina,  Florida,  and  the  Illinois,  in  moist  woods. 

Height  60  ft.  to  60  ft.     Introduced  in  1783.     Flowers  greenish ;  June  and 

July.     L^ume  not  seen  in  I'.ngland. 

Ckwely  resembles  the  honey  locust,  from  which,  in  England,  where  neither 
«f  them  ripens  seeds,  it  is  almost  impossible  to  distinguish  it.     The  bark. 


252  ARBOBETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANMICUH. 

though   smooth   when    the   tree   is 
young,  yet  cracks  and  scalesoffwhen 
ihe  tree  (jrows  old,  as  in  G.  triaeun- 
thos.      The  leaves,   Mictiaux   says, 
differ  from  those  of  O.  triac^nthos,  in 
being  a  little  smaller  in  all  their  pro- 
portions.   -The  branchea  are  armed 
vith  thoma,  which  are  also  less  nu- 
merous, and  somewhat  smaller  than  | 
those  or  G.  tnac&nthos.    The  tree  is    ( 
treated  in  all  respects  like  O.  tri»> «  ' 
canthos ;  of  which  it  has,  till  lately, 

been  considered  only  a  variety.     It  , 

is  raised  in  the  nurseries  from  im-  f 

ported  seed ;  but  whether  the  plants 

really    turn    out    perfectly   distinct,  __^ j^, 

with  respect  to  the  form  o(  their  fruit,  '"'"''  ,.,.-.     j 

is  uncertain  j  from  their  not  having  yet,  as  far  as  we  know,  fruited  in  England. 

i  3,  G.  sine'nsis  Lam.    The  Chinese  Gleditschia. 

UmlifitaUom.    Lani.I»ct.,l.p.4U.i  Dec.  Fral.,9- 

p.«9.i  Di>D'>MII],.lp.<K. 
Srmv^-    C-  li«rrt(U  WUU.  «>.  4  P-  lOM-  i  f'- 

Emtntlnti.    Dn!.L«(iin,Mtm.,l.(.  l.iIbepliM 

Tf  tbli  •pecin  In  Arb.  Bril.,  In  tdlt..  nil.  •. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c  Spines  stout,  conical  i 
those  on  the  branches  simple  or 
branched ;  those  on  the  stem  grouped 
and  branched.  The  leaflets  ovnte- 
elliplical,  obtuse.  Legumes  compressed, 
long.  The  epinea  in  this  species  are 
axillary,  not  distant  from  (he  axil.  (Dec. 
Prnd.)  A  middle-sized  tree.  China. 
Height  30  ft.  to  50  ft.  Introduced  in 
1774.  Plowers  greenish ;  June  and 
July.  L^ume  not  seen  in  England. 
Varietie: 

T  G.  *.  8  mirmt  N.  Du  Ham.,  O. 
jap6nicB  Lodd.  Cat.,  O.  javlinica 
Lam.  (see  the  plate  of  this  tree 
in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,   vol.  v.; 

and  our  j^.  iH.),  differs  from  , 

O.  sinensis  in  being  without 
spines,  of  much  less  vigorous 
growth,  and  in  having  the  foliage 
ofamuchdeepergreen.  Itsecmi 

a  very  desirable  variety  forsniall  ,n,  ••■■.y  ■■ , 

gardens. 
t  G.I.  Z  major  Hort.,  6.  horrida  m^or  Lodd.  Cat.,  seems  scarcely  to 

differ  from  the  species. 

t  G.  1.  4  itina  Hort.,  G.  h.  niina  in  Hort.  Soc.  Gard.  (see  the  plute  of 

this  tree  in   Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol.  v.  j   and  our  /ig  415.),  is  b 

tree  of  somewhat  lower  growth  than  the  species,  hut  scarcely,  as  it 

appears  to  ui,  worth  keeping  distinct. 

T  G.  I.  5  purpurea  Hort.,  G.  h.  purpurea  Lodd.  Col.  (see  the  plate  in 

Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol.  v.  i  and  our^.  4ie.),  is  a  small   tree    of 

compact  upright  growth,  very  suitable  for  gardens  of  limited  extent. 

Olber  Farietiet  of  G.  minn$. — In  Loddiges's  arboretum  there  i*  a  plant 


XXV.  leoumina'ce£  :  oledi'tschj^. 


muted  G.  cUaiiuu 
(Pntu),  which  WHS  im- 
ported Tram  China  bjr 
the  Hon.  Soc  It  is,  at 
present,  «  low  biuh, 
and  may.perhapx.proTe 
•omethiDg  distmct. 
There  were  tiao,  in 
I835,iii  thellort.  Soc. 
Garden,  some  plants 
without  names,  appa- 
rentljbelon^ng  to  tnis 
veoes;  but,  as  we  have 
alreaiiy  observed,  the 
eenui  is  in  great  con- 
niiion,  and  nothing 
perfectly  satisfactory 
CUB  be  Mated  respect- 
ing it. 

The  spines,  which  are 
»erj  strong  and  branchy, 
>re  more  abundant  on 
ihe  trunk  Chan  on  the 
branches,  and  are  fre- 
quently found  in  bundle*. 


S54  ARBOBETUH    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


«  elliptic  obtiiie,  notched  on  the 
edgen,  smooth,  snininci  and  much  larger  than  those  of  anj  otJier  Bpedes. 
(,Deif.  Arb.,  ii.  p.  2+8.)  The  pods  are  tVK\y  above  6  in,  long.  The  tree 
HtanJs  thn  cold  better  than  the  lionejr  locust,  and  has  ripened  iti  fruit  in  Paris, 
in  the  Jardin  des  PJantes,  and  in  the  nursery  of  M.  Cels.  (^Dici.  de$  JEaux  rt 
df$  Forefi,  vol.  ii.  p.  150.) 

t  4.  G.  (s.)  uacraca'ntha  Deif.     The  longiipined  Gleditschia. 

limlptiitim.    Drif.  Arb.,  I  p.  MS.  i  Dod'i  Mill..  9.  p.  4M. 
i^iM»r««.    C.  Kroi  Baair.  i  F*.ier  1  snufi  EI^tim,  Pr. 

Sjitc.  Char,,  i^c.  Prickles  strong,  branchy,  numerous.  Leaflets  lanceolate, 
someirhHt  rigid,  notched,  dentated.  Podh  elongated.  {Dnf.  Arb.)  A 
middle-aizcd  tree,  with  a  pricklv  trunk.  China?.  Height  40  IL  to  50  ft. 
Flowers  greenish  ;  June  and  July 

The  prickles  are  axillary  and  large.  The  leaves  are  twice  iringed;  the 
leaflets  large,  coriaceous,  dark  green,  and  shining  on  the  upper  surface.  The 
young  shoots  are  covered  with  extremely  short  hairs,  and  are  of  a  pumliih 
brown  colour.  On  the  whole,  it  bears  a  close  resemblance  to  G.  sinensis,  of 
which  it  is,  probably,  only  a  variety.  It  is  very  hardy;  and  Desfontaincs  saji 
that  it  fruits  freely  in  France.  The  fruit  ripens  in  the  autumu ;  and  the  pods 
■re  long,  pendulous,  swelled,  and  rather  cylindrical.  They  are  tilled  with  a 
sharp  acrid  pulp,  somewhat  resembling  that  of  tamarinds,  but  the  emanations 
from  which,  when  inhaled,  occasion  sneezing, 

1  5.  O.  (s.)  fb'rox  Deif.     "Hie  ferociotis-jirici/nf  aiedilschia. 
UttUiflcaiim.    Doif.  Arb..t.p.MT.i  Don'tMIII.-S.  p.  43S. 
^ptonymn,    G.  orlntlUa  Bate:  Ffrler  hf  rUi^,  iV. 

Spec,  Char,,  ic     Prickles  lai^e,  robust,  much  compressed,  irifid.      Leaflets 

lanceolate,  notched.  {Drif.  Arh.) 

A  tniddle-siied  branching  deciduous  tree,  the  trunk  of  which  is  thickly  beset 
with  strong  branchy  prickles,  and  which  is  supposed  to  grow  from  30  ft.  to 
50  It.  in  height :  but  of  which  the  native  country,  and  year  of  introduction 
into  Britain,  are  unknown.  Judging  from  the  plants  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Gardea, 
and  those  in  the  arboretum  of  Messrs.  Loddigcs,  we  should  say  it  was  only 
a  variety  of  ti.  sinensis  j  though  Desfuntaines  states  the  foliage  and  habit  of 
growth  to  be  somewhat  different.  It  has  not  yet  flowered  in  Burope. 
t  6.  G.  ca'spica  Dei/.     The  Caspian  Gleditschia. 

IilmOltiillan,    Dof.  Arb.,  Z.  p.  Sn.  i  Uod'i  UIIL,  1.  p.  438. 
^mfme.    G.  cuultia  Ak. 
e-vra«at      Out  A.  (17. 

Spec.  Char.,  <5-t.  Prickles  slender,  trifid,  compressed. 
LeofletB  elliptic- lanceolate,  obtuse.  (Dnf.  Arb.)  A 
middle-slzeit  tree  Persia,  and  found  bUo  near  the  Cas- 
pian Sea.  Heightaoft.  lo+Oft.  Introduced  in  lb2U. 
Nothing  is   known   of  its  flowers  and  fruit  j    but  it 

strongly  resembles  G.  sinensis  (of  which  it  is,  probably, 

only  a  variety)  in  its  leaves,  general  appearance,  anil 

habit. 

i   G.c.%  lubariietni  Hort.,  Fevitr  verJatre,  ?>■.,  is  mentioned  in  the 
Biitt  Jardimer  for  1838,  as  a  variety  of  this  species. 

Other  SarU  ofGfedUtc/ia.  —  Every  modification  of  the  species  of  this  jrenii^ 
is  so  interestmg,  both  in  point  of  the  elegance  of  its  foliaee,  and  the  singularitv 
ofits  pnekles,  that  new  varieties  have  been  eagerly  sougli  t  after  by  culrivators": 
and  the  genus  seems  particularly  favourable  to  this  desire,  from  'the  icniltm-v 
of  seedling  planU  to  sport.     Hence  there  are  sevemi  names  in  collections,  lif 


XXV,    LEGUMINA^CEil      GYMNO'CLADUS.  255 


I 


which  it  is  difficult  to  ^ay  any  thing  satisfactory  in  the  present  young  and  im- 
mature state  of  the  plants.  In  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  there  were  in  1837 
G.  micracanihaj  G,  Boqui,  and  G,  prtp^cox ;  and  in  Messrs.  Loddiges's  arbo- 
retum were  plants  niarketl  G.  aqudtica,  which  are  evidently  the  same  as  G. 
raonosperma,  G.  orientdlu,  evidently  G.  ferox,  G.  chmensis  (already  mentioned) ; 
and  some  )oung  plants  without  nsimes. 


Genus  XXI. 


GYMNCXCLADUS  Lam.    Thk  Gymnocladus.    Lm.  Sytt.  Dicecia 

Dedindria. 

IdttUifieaiion.    Lam.  Diet.,  1.  p.  738. ;  111.,  t.  833. ;  Dec  Prod.,  S.  p.  479. 

Demotion.  From  gmmuM,  naked,  and  Uado$y  a  branch  ;  Oom  the  naked  appearance  of  the  branchea 
daring  winter,  when  they  leem,  unlesa  perhaps  at  the  polnti  o(  the  iboots,  totally  devoid  of  buds. 

Gfli.  Char,  Fiowers  dicecious  from  abortion.  Cedyx  tubular,  5-cleft.  Petalt 
0,  equal,  oblong,  exserted  from  the  tube.  Stamens  10,  enclosed.  Legume 
oblong,  thick,  filled  with  pulp  inside.  (DorCt  Mill.) 

Leaves  compound,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous;  bipinnate.  Flowers 
in  terminal  racemes,  white. — A  tree,  deciduous,  with  upnght  branches  and 
inconspicuous  buds  ;  native  of  North  America. 

^  1.  G.  CANADE^NSis  Lam.     The  Canada  Gymnocladus,  or  Kentucky 

Coffee  Tree. 

Uemtifleatkm.    Lam.  Diet.,  1.  p.  733.,  and  lU.,  t.  B33.;  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  3.  p.  241. ;  Dec. 

Prod..  2.  p.  480. ;  Don's  Mill,  9.  p.  4!29. 
Sjfmmjfuus.    Ouflandlna  diofca  Lm,  Sp.  546.:  Hyperanthdra  diolca  VaM  Sjfmb.  1.  p.31.,  DmA. 

Ar6, 1. 1 103. ;  Nicker  Tree,  Scamp  Tree,  United  SttUet  \   Bonduc,  Chiquier,  Pr.  \   Chicot,  Ca. 

Modian  \  Canadischer  Schusserbatmi,  Ger. 
Ewgru9iMgi,    Reirh.  Mag.,  t.  40. ;  Duh.  Arb.,  t.  103. ;  oar  platet  of  thlt  tree  in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit., 

ml.  T. ;  and  our  Jg.  418. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Branches  blunt  at  the  tip,  bipinnate  leaves,  flowers  in  ra- 
cemes, and  whitish  petals.  The  leaf  has  4—7  pinnae ;  the  lower  of  which 
consist  each  of  but  a  single  leaflet,  the  rest  each  of  6 — 8  pairs  of  leaflets. 
(Dec  Prod-)  A  singular  tree.  Canada.  Height  30ft.  to  60  ft.  Introduced 
in  1748.  Flowers  white;  May  to  July.  Decaying  leaves  yellow.  Naked 
young  wood  of  a  mealy  white,  without  any  appearance  of  buds. 

The  branches  have  almost  always  an  upright  direction ;  and  the  appearance 
of  the  head,  in  the  winter  season,  is  remarkable,  from  being  fastigiate,  and  from 
the  points  of  the  branches  being  few,  and  thick  and  blunt,  as  compared  with 
those  of  almost  every  other  tree.  They  are  also  wholly  without  the  ap- 
pearance of  buds ;  and  this  latter  circumstance,  connected  with  the  former, 
gives  the  tree,  during  winter,  the  appearance  of  being  dead ;  and  hence  thu 
Canadian  name  of  chicot,  or  stump  tree.  The  leaves,  on  young  thriving  trees, 
are  3  ft.  long,  and  20  in.  wide ;  but,  on  trees  nearly  full  grown,  they  are  not 
half  that  size.  The  leaflets  are  of  a  dull  bluish  green,  and  the  branches  of 
the  petioles  are  somewhat  of  a  violet  colour.  It  is  very  hardy,  and  flowers 
freely  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London,  but  does  not  produce  pods.  The 
wood  is  hard,  compact,  strong,  tough,  and  of  a  fine  rose  colour.  In  America, 
it  is  used  both  in  cabinet-making  and  carpentry,  and,  like  the  wood  of  the 
robinia,  it  has  the  remarkable  property  of  rapidly  converting  its  sap-wood  into 
heart-wood ;  so  that  a  trunk  6  in.  in  diameter  has  not  more  than  six  lines  of 
sap-wood,  and  may,  consequently,  be  almost  entirely  employed  for  useful  pur- 
poses. The  seeds  were,  at  one  time,  roasted  and  ground  as  a  substitute  for 
coffee  in  Kentucky  and  Tennessee;  but  their  use  in  this  way  has  been  long 
once  discontinued.    The  pods,  preserved  like  those  of  the  tamarind  (to  which 


AKBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


this  genua  it  nearly  tllied),  are  said  to  be  wholesome,  uui  slightly  aperieni. 
Id  Britain,  the  only  use  of  the  tree  is  for  ornamental  purposes  j  aoil,  con- 
sidered as  an  object  of  curiosity  and  beauty,  no  collection  ought  to  be  without 
it.  A  rich,  deep,  free  Boil  ij  estentiul  to  the  thriving  of  this  tree;  and  such* 
soil  is  never  met  vith  naturally  in  exposed  situations.  The  tree  is  geoerally 
propagBled  by  imported  seeds ;  but  it  will  grow  freely  from  cuttings  of  the 
roots,  care  being  taken  in  plunting  to  keep  that  end  upwards  which  is  na- 
turally «o. 

Genus  XXII. 


H 


CE'RCIS  L.    The  Jddxs  Tree.    Lm.  Syil.  Deeindriu  Mooog^nia. 

MnUiflmUim.     Lin.  Gen..  No.  SIB.;  DK.Prod.,  a.  p.SIB.:  Dou'l  Mill- I  p.  <«8. 

fjnuiiynvi.     ^Ilqubtnmi  Ttam.  Inil.  1. 411.,  Mmot   iTMt.  i  Oiiulei,  Fr. ;  Judaibuun.  Orr. : 

Beraaaim.    Fram  tirkii,  a  ibutt^tcock.  tLt  Hunt  (I'm  bf  Ttirci|ihr4inil  to  Ihil  lm. 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  urceolaie  at  the  base  and  gibbous,  bluntly  6-toothecI  st  the 
apex.  Petalt  5,  unguiculate,  all  diHlinct,  disposed  in  a  papilionaceous  ninnner ; 
the  wings  or  side  petals  the  largest.  Slameni  10,  free,  unequal.  Or>ar>f  on 
a  short  stipe.  Legame  oblong,  slender,  compressed,  l-ccllcd,  many-steded 
somewhat  winged  on  the  seminiferous  suture.  Secdt  olravate.  (Don'i 
MOL) 


XXV.  leouhina'ce^  :  ce'rcis- 


Dunf-nerred,  rising  after  the  floirers  have  derayeil.  Flouirrs  in  l-flowereit 
pedicels,  rising  from  tbe  trunk  and  branches  in  fiiscicleB. — Trees,  deciduous, 
of  the  third  rank  ;  natives  of  Europe,  or  North  America.  Becnj  ir>g  leavsa 
yellowish  purple.     Prt^ragated  by  seeds  or  grafting. 

T   I.  C.  StLiQVjL'sTRVU  L.     The  eommon  Judas  Tree 

MdM^IMM.    IJn.  Ep.,  SSt.  :  Tier.  Prnl..  !.  p.  Hi.  ;  Dan'i  Mill.,  1.  p.  tta. 

ttmmpta.    JUIqutunini  tKliicuUIiuii  Mmct  Mrfl.  -,  Ijit*  Txtt:  GdDter  Gammum  Ann  d* 

laiit.  Ft.  I  Arbnl  d'Anw,  Sfwn.  ;  jDdubauin.  Grr. 
Empmimi.    H.  Du  Hmm.,  l  T.  :  Bat.  Kig.,  I.  IIM. :  llM  pUlM  ot  Ulll  IfmlH  IB    Arb.  Brit..  lU 

alL.ToL  V. ;  Ubd  OUTJif.  419. 

i^.  Ciar.,  rjc,  Leaxes  very  obtuse,  and  wholly  glabrous.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A 
low  tree.  South  of  Europe,  in  Greece,  in  Asiatic  Turkey,  and  niore  es- 
pecially in  Judea.  Height  20  ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1590.  Flowers 
purplish  pink;  May.  L^ume  brown;  ripe  in  September.  Naked  young 
aood  purplish,  with  small  white  spots. 
VanrtKi. 

•  C.  S.  2  pnniifioram  Dec.  —  A  shrub  ;  Its  branches  spolted  with  white, 
its  flowers  smaller  by  hnlf  than  those  of  the  species.     A  native  of 
Bokhara. 
I  C.  S.  3/orro/4irfo.— Flowers  whitish.     H.  S. 

f  C.  S.  4  Toica.  —  A  seedling,  raised  from  foreign  seeds,  which  has 
flowered  in  the  Botanic  Garden  at  Kew;  has  numerous  flowers, 
which  are  brighter,  and  a  shade  darker,  than  those  of  the  species; 
and  they  also  appear  about  a  fortnight  later;  but  it  is,  perhaps, 
hardly  worth  noticing  as  t  variety. 


Tlie  common  Judas  tree,  in  the  South  of  Europe,  fornis  a  handsome  low 
tree,  with  a  flat  spreading  head,  in  the  form  of  n  parasol ;  and  it  is  a  aingiilm-iv 


2i>8  ARBORETUM    ET    ERUTICETUH    BRITAMNICUM. 

beautiful  olgect  in  spring,  etnecielly  when  it  U  covered  with  iis  numeioua  bi 
purplish  ]nnL  flowers,  which  ......  .        . 

'  '  the  yoiins  wood,  b 
runk.  lae  leaves 
flowers  are  succeeded  by  flat,  thin,  brown  pods,  nearly  6  in.  in  length,  w 
remain  on  the  tree  all  the  year,  and  give  it  a  very  singular  appearance  in  the 
winter  aea^on.  The  rate  of  growth  is  about  16  in.  a  year,  fiir  the  first  10  jean. 
The  wood  ii  very  hard,  and  agreeably  veined,  or  raiher  blotched  or  waved, 
with  black,  green,  and  yellow  spots,  on  a  grey  ground.  It  takes  a  beautifiil 
polish,  and  weicha  nearly  48  lb.  to  the  cubic  foot.  The  flowt'r.s,  which  have 
an  agreeable  acid  taste,  are  mixed  with  salada,  or  fried  with  batter,  as  (Htters ; 
and  the  flower-buds  are  pickled  in  vinegar.  In  British  gardens,  the  tree  growl 
about  the  same  height,  and  flowErs  about  the  same  dme,  as  the  laburnum,  the 
Ouelder  rose,  and  the  hawthorn,  and  enters  into  beautiful  combination  with 
these  and  other  treen.  The  foliage  is  hardly  less  beautiful  and  remarkable  than 
the  flowers ;  the  leaves  being  of  a  pale  bluish  green  on  the  upper  surface  i  and 
of  a  seB'Kreen  underneath,  aiid  of  a  cordate  reniform  shape,  apparently  con- 
sisting ol  two  leaflets  joined  together;  which  circumstance,  combined  with 
others,  brings  the  genus  in  close  alliance  with  that  of  BauhSntiT.  Like  most  of 
the  Legumin^eK,  this  tree  prefers  a  deep,  free,  sandy  soil,  rich  rather  than 
poor;  and  it  will  only  thrive,  and  become  a  handsome  tree,  in  sheltered  situa- 
tions. In  the  northern  parts  of  the  island,  it  requires  to  be  planted  against  a 
wall ;  and  few  ornamental  treea  better  deserve  such  a  situation.  The  species 
is  propagated  by  seeds,  and  the  varieties  by  gralUng.  The  seeds  are  sown  on 
heat  early  in  spring,  and  come  up  the  same  season  i  and  the  plants  will  produce 
dowers  in  three  or  four  years. 


XXVI.   AOSA^CE^.  259 

spec.  Char.,  S^.  Leaves  acuminate,  villose  beneath  at  the  axils  of  the  veins. 
As  compared  with  C,  j^iliquastram,  its  flowers  are  of  a  paler  rose  colour, 
the  l^me  is  on  a  longer  pedicel,  and  tipped  with  a  longer  style.  A  low 
tree.  Canada  to  Virginia.  {Dec,  Prod,)  Height  10  ft.  to  80ft.  lutrod.  1730. 
Flowers  red ;  May  and  June. ;  Legume  brown  ;  ripe  in  August. 

Variel^, 

t  C.  c.  pubescent  Ph.  —  Leaves  pubescent  on  the  under  surface.  (Dec") 

This  tree  bears  a  general  resemblance  to  the  preceding  species  ;  but  it  is 
more  slender  and  smaller  in  all  its  parts ;  and  it  seldom  rises  higher  than  20 
feet  It  is  at  once  distinguished  from  C  <^iliqu&8trum  by  its  leaves  being 
heart-shaped  and  pointed  ;  they  are  also  much  thinner,  more  veined,  and  of  a 
lighter  green ;  and  the  flowers  are  generally  produced  in  smaller  numbers 
than  in  the  other  species.  The  flowers  are  used  by  the  French  Canadians  in 
nlads  and  pickles,  and  the  young  branches  to  dye  wool  of  a  nankeen  colour. 
The  wood  resembles  that  of  the  other  species.  Propagated  by  imported 
seeds,  and  considered  more  tender  than  C.  jS^iliqu&strum. 


Order  XXVL     iZOSA^CEiE. 

The  term  iZosacese  has  been  applied  to  this  order,  because  all  the  species 
belonging  to  it  agree  more  or  less  with  the  genus  Rosa,  in  essential  charac- 
ters.   It  includes  many  genera  belonging  to  the  Linnaean  class  Icosdndria. 

Ord,  Char.  Flowers  regular.  Calyx,  in  most  cases,  with  5  lobes,  the  odd  one 
posterior  to  the  axis  of  inflorescence.  Petals  and  stamens  arising  from  the 
calyx.  Stamens,  for  the  most  part,  numerous.  Ovaries  many,  several,  or 
solitary ;  each  of  one  cell  that  includes,  in  most  cases,  1  ovule ;  in  some, 
I  to  many  ovules.  Stifle  lateral  or  terminal. 
*  Leaves  simple,  or  pinnately  divided,  alternate,  in  nearly  all  stipulate. 
Flowers  showy,  with  numerous  stamens.  Frttit,  in  many  of  the  genera,  edible. 
— Trees  and  shrubs,  mostly  deciduous;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  America. 

The  ligneous  species  which  constitute  this  order  include  the  finest  flower- 
ing shrub  in  the  world,  the  rose;  and  the  trees  which  produce  the  most 
useful  and  agreeable  fruits  of  temperate  climates,  viz.  the  apple,  the  pear,  the 
phioi,  the  cherry,  the  apricot,  the  peach,  and  the  nectarine.  The  plants  are, 
for.  the  most  part,  deciduous  low  trees  or  shrubs,  all  producing  flowers  more 
or  less  showy  ;  and  the  greater  number  fruits  which  are  edible.  They  are 
chiefly  natives  of  Europe  and  Asia ;  but  several  of  them  are  also  found  in 
North  America,  and  some  in  South  America,  and  the  North  of  Africa.  The 
fruit-bearing  species,  and  the  rose,  have  followed  man  from  the  earliest  period 
of  ctvilisatioD,  and  are,  perhaps,  better  known  to  mankind  in  general  than  any 
other  ligneous  plants.  The  medical  properties  of  several  of  the  species  are 
remarkable,  Irom  the  circumstance  of  their  yielding  the  prussic  acid ;  while 
others  produce  a  gum  nearly  allied  to  the  gum  Arabic,  which  indicates  a 
degree  of  affinity  between  this  order  and  Leguminacem.  The  bark  of  some 
species,  as  of  Cerasus  virginiana,  is  used,  in  North  America,  as  a  febrifuge  ; 
and  that  of  others,  as  the  capoUin  cherry  (Cerasus  Capollm),  for  tannmg, 
ia  Mexico.  The  leaves  of  Oatsegus  Oxyacantha,  Prunus  spindsa,  Cerasus 
sylvestris,  and  jRdsa  rubigin68a,  have  been  used  as  a  substitute  fojr  tea,  or  for 
adulterating  tea.  The  leaves  and  bark  of  the  spiraeas  are  said  to  be  at  once 
tttringent  and  emetic.  There  are  two  characteristics  of  this  order,  with 
reference  to  its  cultivation,  which  are  of  great  importance  to  the  gardener : 
the  first  is,  the  liability  of  almost  all  the  species  to  sport,  and  produce 
nnedes  difiering,  in  many  cases,  more  from  one  another,  than  they  diifer 
from  other  species ;  and  the  second  is,  that  they  are  remarkably  subject  to 

8  2 


260  ARBORETU.M    ET    FHOTICETDM    BRITANNICUM. 

the  attacks  of  insects  and  diseasea.  Tliey  almost  all  require  a  free  loamy  wil, 
not  overcharged  with  moi.sture,  and  ricli  rather  than  poor ;  and,  while  all  the 
species  are  increa^^eil  by  seeds,  which.  Tor  the  most  part,  are  produced  freely  in 
Britain,  or  by  cuttings  of  the  roots,  almost  all  the  varieties  are  best  increased 
by  grafting  or  budding;  and  not,  as  in  some  other  orders,  with  equal  ease  by 
cuttings  of  the  shoots,  or  by  layers. 

With  reference  to  tandscape^^rdening,  all  the  rosaceous  trees  have  three 
properties  which  deserve  to  be  kept  constantly  in  view  by  the  improver  of 
grounds :  1st,  they  never  attain  a  targe  size ;  tid,  they  attain  their  natural  size 
and  shape  in  a  very  few  jtars,  in  good  soil  not  requiring  more  than  from 
10  to  20  years;  and  3d,  they  sooner  take  the  cbaraeter  of  old  trees  than  the 
trees  of  any  other  natural  order  of  ligneous  plants.  A  few  eiiceptions  may  be 
taken  from  different  orders,  such  as  the  common  field  maple,  the  common 
laburnum,  &c.  ;  but  wc  know  of  no  natural  order,  in  which,  like  the  Aosacex, 
all  the  trees  are  low  or  middle-sized,  and  all  take  the  character  of  age  while 
comparatively  young.  Hence  their  value  in  laying  out  small  places,  where 
the  object  is  to  make  a  new  place  appear  old,  or  a  small  place  appear  large, 
and  at  the  same  time  to  combine  character  of  form  with  beautiful  blossoms 
in  spring,  and  showy  (Cratas'gus,  Cotoneister,  and  AitKlanchitrr)  or  usefiil 
(PyruB  and  Prunu?)  fruit  in  autumn. 

The  genera  are  included  by  DeCandoUe  and  G.  Don  in  6ve  tribes ;  and  the 
following  are  their  names  and  dbtinctions :  — 

Sect.  I.    ^uvgda'lsx  Juu.  ■ 

Seel.  Char.  Fruit  a  drupe  ;  the  nut  2-ovuled,  1 — 8-seeded.  Style  terminal. 
Calyx  deciduous.  Leaves  feather-nerved,  undivided,  serrate,  with  the 
lower  serratures  or  the  petioles  ghmded.  Stipules  not  attached  to  the 
petiole.      Kernel  coutwning  more  or  less  of  hydrocj'anic  acid :   chiefly 

AuY'aDM.vs  Tourn.  Covering  of  nut  not  fleshy;  out  even,  or  perforated 
Young  leaves  folded  flatwise.  Flowers  almost  sessile,  solitai^  or  twin, 
protruded  before  the  leaves. 

Pa'Ksicn  Thurn.  Covering  of  nut  very  fleshy;  nut  wrinkled.  The  charac- 
ter! of  the  other  parts  described  under  ^Imygdalus  are  the  same  in  Persica. 

Arubsi'aca  Tourn.  Covering  of  nut  fleshy ;  nut  furrowed  at  both  edges,  in 
the  other  parts  even.  Young  leaves  with  tlieir  edges  rolled  inwards. 
Flowers  almost  sessile,  solitary  or  a  few  together,  protruded  before  the 

Pnu'NUS  Tourn.  Covering  of  nut  fleshy ;  nut  indistinctly  furttiwed  at  the 
e<lges,  in  the  other  parts  even.  Young  leaves  with  the  edges  rolled  inwards. 
Flowers  upon  pedicels,  in  groups  resembling  umbels,  and  produced  befort 
or  alter  the  leaves. 
Ce'rasus  Jail.  Nut  subglobose,  even,  its  covering  fleshy.  Young  leave: 
folded  flatvrise.  Flowers  upon  pedicels,  either  in  groups  resembling  umbels 
and  produced  before  the  leaves,  or  in  racemes  terminal  to  the  shoots,  pro 
truded  along  with  them. 

Sect.  II.     Spiasx^M  Dec. 
Seel.  Char.     Fruit  of  3,  or  fewer,  capsular  carpels,  which  are  distinct  fron 
the  calyx  (which  is  persistent  in  J^pirz'a,   and,  perhaps,  in  the   otbe 
genera),  and,  in  most  cases,  from  each  other:  each  contains  1 — 6  seed: 
Style  terminal.     Low  deciduous  shrubs. 
Pu'rsui^  Dec.     Stamens  about  iiO.     Carpels  I — 2.  ovateoblong. 
Kb'ilrm  Dec-     Stamens  about  20.     Carpels  5 — S,  distinct. 
Sv\t,^  K  L.     Stamens  10 — oO.  Carpels  1  to  several,  distinct ;  stipitate  ;  ear. 
includes  2 — (i  seeds,  affixed  to  the  inner  suture. 

Sect  in.     PoTENTi'[,i.ES  Jua.  (Synon.  Dry^des  r«i/.) 

Seel.  Char.     Fruit  an   aggregation  of  carpi!l<ii    their  int^^ments  dry    ■ 


XXVI.  ROSA^CEM  :    ^my'gdalus. 


261 


succulent ;  the  carpels  distinct  from  one  another,  and  from  the  calyx, 
which  is  persistent,  and  surrounds  them,  and,  in  many,  is  subtended 
bv  as  many  bracteas  as  it  has  lobes ;  the  bracteas  alternate  with  the 
lobes.  Style  proceeding  fi'om  a  little  below  the  tip  of  the  carpel.  Leaves, 
in  most  cases,  pinnaiely  divided.  Stipules  attached  to  the  petiole.  Shrubs 
bearing  fruit,  or  ornamental. 

^  Rt^BVs  L.    Integuments  of  carpels  juicy. 
Potemti'lla  Ncstl.     Integuments  of  carpels  dry. 

Sect  IV.     i2o^sE£  Dec, 

Sect.  Char.  Fruit  a  hip ;  that  is,  with  the  tube  of  the  calyx  fleshy,  of  a 
pitcher  shape,  contracted  at  the  mouth  ;  and  including  an  aggregation  of 
carpels  attached  to  its  inner  face.  Style  proceeding  from  the  inner  side 
ot  the  carpel.     Shrubs  eminently  ornamental. 

fio^A  Tmim.    Leaf  impari-pinnate.    Stipules  attached  to  the  petiole.  Prickles 

simple. 
LoViii  Lindl.     Leaf  simple.     Stipules  none.    Prickles  usually  compound. 

Sect.  V.     Po^AiEf  Lindl. 

Sect,  Char.  Fruit  a  pome  ;  that  is,  with  the  tube  of  the  calyx  become  very 
fleshy,  and  including,  and  connate  with,  the  carpels.  Carpels  normally  5, 
with  gristly  or  bony  walls,  including  1 — 2  seeds;  in  Cydonia,  several. 
Habit  spiny  or  not ;  leaves,  in  most  cases,  undivided,  in  some  pinnate. 
Stipules  not  connate  with  the  petiole.  Ornamental  low  trees,  or  large 
shrubs,  ¥dth  showy  flowers,  in  some  genera  spiny,  and  in  others  bearing 
some  of  our  best  hardy  kitchen  and  dessert  fruits. 

Crats^gvs  Undl.  Carpels  1 — ^5  prismatic  nuts  with  bony  shells,  each  in- 
cluding 1  seed.  Leaves  angled  or  toothed;  in  most  cases  deciduous. 
Flowers  in  terminal  corymbs.     Spiny  shrubs  or  low  trees. 

PHoti^MA  Lmdl.  Carpels  2.  Petals  reflexed.  Evei^reen.  Flowers  in  ter- 
minal panicles.  Leaves  simple,  leathery,  serrated  or  entire.  In  P.  integri- 
folia  the  ovaries  are  3,  and  each  includes  2  ovules. 

Cotonea'ster  Medik.  Carpels  2 — 3  ;  ovules  2  in  each  cell.  Leaves  simple, 
entire,  woolly  beneath.     Flowers  in  lateral  spreading  corymbs. 

Amel/vchieb  Medik.  Ovaries  5,  each  divided  by  a  partition ;  ovules  I  in 
each  cell.  Ripe  pome  including  3 — 5  carpels.  Petals  lanceolate.  Small 
trees.    Leaves  simple,  serrate,  deciduous.    Flowers  in  racemes. 

i&^spiLUs  Lmdl.  (Jarpels  2 — 5  compressed  nuts  with  bony  shells,  each  in- 
cluding I  seed.  Leaves  lanceolate,  serrulate,  deciduous.  Flowers  large, 
subsesfiile,  subsolitary. 

i^r^RUS  Uaidl,  Carpds  5,  or  2 — 5.  Seeds  2  in  each  carpel.  Leaves  simple 
or  pinnate,  deciduous.    Flowers  in  spreading  terminal  cymes  or  corymbs. 

CvDo  NIA  Totem.     Carpels  5,  each  including  many  seeds. 


Sect  I.     ^MYGDAYfiifi  JUSS. 

Genus  L 


m 


[A 


LifeJ 


JMY'GDALUS  Toum.    The  Almond  Tree     Lm,  Sytt.  Icosandria 

Monog^ia. 

Toorn.  Imt.,  t.  402. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  ?*  p.  330. ;  Don's  Mill.,  2.  p.  48S. 

8  3 


ARBORETUU    ET   FRUTICETUH    BRITA.NK1CUM. 


Gcii.  Char.  Drupe  clothed  with  velvety  pubeacence,  having  a  dry  rind,  whicl 
seimrotes  irregularly,  containing  a  pitted  or  smooth  putamen  or  nut.  (Iku'. 
Mil!,) 

Leavei  simple,  conduplicate  when  youn;,  alternate,  BtipulaEc,  deciduoui 
Flowert  nearly  seRsile,  urjally  pink  or  rose  coloured,  rising  either  ringlv  o 
by  pairs  from  theairaly  buiis,  earlier  than  the  leaves. —  Shruha  or  trees  or  thi 
nii<ldle  she,  deciduous.  Natites  of  the  North  of  Africa,  aad  tile  Diountaini 
of  Asia  ;  also  of  Kusaia,  and  tlie  Levant. 

The  fruit-bearing  soecies  are  cultivated  in  the  NTiddle  and  South  of  Europi 
and  the  Levant,  and  are  propa^ted  chiefly  by  grafting ;  and  the  olfaera  b] 
grafting,  layers,  suckers,  or  cuttings  of  the  root.  The  aliDond  was  Ineludec 
by  Linnceus  in  the  same  genus  with  the  peach  and  nectarine,  of  both  of  which 
it  is,  doubtless,  the  parent,  as  trees  have  been  found  with  almonds  in  i 
state  of  transition  to  peactien,  and  with  both  peaches  and  nectaj ' 
same  branch. 

«  I.  A.  NA^A  L.     The  dwarf,  or  thrubbi).  Almond. 
Jiemificatiim.    Mn.  Mint,  89*.  j  D«.  Pnid..».ii.MO.  i  Don'i  Mm.,  I  n.  «1 

manSXccr- i  F»i:hlr»dfl]*ChlDS,'/Ui. 
Entrannfi.    BOL  UM'.v  161.1  N.  DiiIlMIn..4.t.>ai  ud  Durjlfl.  IM,  Ml. 

spec.  Char.,  fie.  Leaves  oblong-linear,  tap«ed  at  the  base,  serrated, glalirous, 
Flowers  solitary,  rose-coloured.  Calyx  cylindrically  bell-shnped.  Fniit  oftbt 
same  shape  sa  that  of  A.  commilnu,  but  much  smaller.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A 
deciduous  low  shrub.  Calmuc  Tartary,  very  frequent  on  the  hanks  of  th< 
Volga,  and  about  Odessa.  Heieht  S  ft  to  3  ft.  Introduced  in  1683. 
Flowers  rose  coloured ;  March  and  April. 

J,  A.  R.  8  gem-pea  Dec.  A.  ge^rgica  De$f.  Arb.  8.  p.  SSI.,  and  Lodd 
Cat.  —  It  differs  from  the  species  in  having  the  lobes  of  the  calyi 
lanceolate,  and  as  long  as  its  tube ;  and  the  styles  onlv  tomentosc  ai 
the  base,  being  Hcarcely  so  there,  and  not  protruded.  A  native  o 
Georgia,  which  has  been  cultivated  b  the  Geneva  Botanic  Garden. 

^  A.  II.  3  campeilrii  Ser,  A,  camp^stris  Better  Enum.  p.  46.  No.  I4S5. 
Horl.  Ft.  Aial.  2.  p.  2.,  and  Lodd.  Cat.  j  A.  Bessertona  Schatt  in  Cat 
HoH.  Vindab.  1816,  and  Lodd.  C'n/.  —  Leaves 
broader.  Lobes  of  the  calyx  as  long  as  the  tube. 
Petals  narrower,  longer,  and  white.  Styles  to- 
mentose  at  the  base.  The  form  of  the  nut,  ac- 
cording to  Besser.  is  various.  Supposed  to  he  a 
native  of  the  South  of  Podolia.  (Dec.  Prod.)  This  ■* 
variety  is  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  where  it 
was  raised  from  seeds  recrived  from  Dr.  Fischer 
of  Petersburg. 

«  A.  n.  4-  oUrica   Lodd.  Cat.,  and  Lodd.  fiot.  Cab. 
I5»9.,  and  oar  fi^.  421.,  is  extant  in  some  British 
botanical  collections,  where  it  is  an  upright  shrub, 
about  6  ft.  high,  with  wand-like  shoots,  clothed 
with  fine,  long,  witltvv-like,  glossy,  serrate  leaves ;   .- 
on  account  of  which,   and  its  upright  bslHt  of  'k 
growth,  the  latter  being  different  from  that  of  all 
the  other  species  and  varieties  of  almond,  it  is  va- 
luable in  every  collection  where  variety  of  cha- 
racter is  desired.    U.  S. 
All  the  different  forms  of  the  dwarf  abnond  are  low  shrubs,  sddonieiceediri 
!  or  3  feet  in  height.    The  leavea  bear  a  general  resemblance  to  those  of  k 


XXTI.    BOSA^CE^:    ^My'gDALUS. 

of  the  speneB  of  willow,  but  ve  of  k 
darker  and  more  shining  S^"'  "'^  '^"^^ 
in  the  original  apecies.     The  stems  are 
not  of  long   duration;    but   the  plant   * 
throws  up  Hbun dance  of  traTcllini;  suck' 
ere,  by  which  it  is  continued  nUurally, 
■nd  also  propagated.      It  is  commoa 
tbrousb  alt  the  plains  of  Russia,  from   ^ 
55°  N.  lat.  to  tlie  south  of  the  empire.   ' 
In  British   gardens  it   is  raluable  on 
I  account  of  its  earlj  flowering,  thegrace- 
fulness  of  the  slender  twigs,  on  which 
ita   flowers   are   produced   before   thi: 
leaves  appear,  and  of  it:t  eaHy  culture  in 
IB.  4.  iiii  any  dry  soil.  Its  fruit  resembles  that  of 

j4.  communis,  but  is  much  smiiller,  and 
nrel;  seen  in  England.  The  plant,  which  is  usually  called  the  dwarf  double 
bloiiHiDied  almond  in  British  gardens,  is  C^rasui  japonica  flAre  pl^no,  or,  as  it 
itft^quently  named  in  the  niir«erie«,  ^mj'gdalus  pumila. 


iu£^tp!u 


k.  PalL     The  bowy  diraif  Almond. 

1^  GiMtuii^  ud  ^ri.  BrII.  lit  ei 


... , Gi«t,t,  *n.i  BoLRct'.  1»». 

Spa.  Clar^  ^.     Leaves  obovate  serrated,  clothed  with 
whhe  tomentum  beneath.    Flowers   solitary.     Drupe 
compressed,  pubescent.  (D<m't  Mill.)     A  low  decidu- 
00*  shrub.  Caucasus  and  the  Levant,  between  Smyrna  I 
sod  Bursa.     Hright  !j  ft.  to  3ft.     Introduced  in  1815.  | 
Flowers  red;  March  and  April. 
BeadHy  known  from  A.  ndna  by  its  leaves  being  covered 

■ith  boarineas  beneath.     Increased  by  budding  on   the 

t  3.  A.  coMMu'Nis  L.    The  common  Ahnond  Tree. 

UrwHfnliim.    Lin.  Sb,  CTT.  ;  D«.  Prod.,  r  p.  UO.  i  Dcm'i  Mill..  1.  n.  m 

C^IrnriVt.    H.  Do  aim.,  t.l.  n.i  ud  Iha  plUa  a J  [bll  Im  la  Art).  Brit.,  lit  kU(.,  toL  t.;  vid 

Sjm.  Char.,  jr.  Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  serrulate.  Flowers  solitary. 
Calyx  of  a  bell.BbBpe.  Fruit  compressed,  and  rather  egg  shaped.  {Dec. 
Prod.)  A  middle-sized  deciduous  tree.  Mauritania,  and  m  the  mountain- 
ous parta  of  Asia.  Height  SO  ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1536.  flowen 
white  or  roi>«-coloured  j  March  and  April.  Drupe  brownish  ;  ripe  in  Oo 
tober.  In  fine  seaaons  the  fruit  ripens  on  standards  as  far  north  as  Derby, 
*nd  on  walls  at  Edinburgh. 

t  A.  ir.  1  amirtt  Dec.  The  bUier  Almond.  Amandicr  amer,  fr.  ;  gemeine 
Manddbaum,  Gcr.  —  Flowers  large.  Petals  pale  pink,  with  a  tinge 
of  rose  colour  at  the  base.  Styles  nearly  as  long  as  the  stamens, 
and  tomentose  in  the  lower  part.  Seeds  bitter.  There  are  two 
forms  of  the  bitter  almond;  one  with  a  hardshell,  and  the  otlier 
with  a  brittle  one.  The  tree  is  cultivated  in  ihe  South  of  France, 
in  Austria,  in  Italy,  in  Greece,  &c..  tor  its  fruit,  which  is  preferred 
for  some  purposes  in  medicine  and  in  domestic  economy  to  that  of 
the  sweet  almond,  particuUrly  for  giving  a  flavour  ;  and  for  stocks 
for  grafting  the  other  varieties  on,  and  the  peach,  apricot,  and  even 
the  plum.  Bitter  almonds  are  ^nerallj'  mixed  with  sweet  ones,  in 
very  suiall  pro|>ortions,  for  making  blancmange,  &c. 


ARBORETUM    El'    FRUTICETUM    BRITAKNICUH. 


¥  A.C.2  diJrit  Dec,  Lam.  III.  t.  430.  The  twctt  Almond.  Ama.ndiet 
A  pelits   Fruits,  Amande  douce.  Ft.  \  giisse  Mandcl  b 

erej'-greeD.    Flowers  protrudeil  earlier  tlian  the  leavi  i 

[onger  tliau  the  stamens.    Fruit  ovale-com[ireiwed,  ai  I 

hard.  Kernel  sweel-flavourcd.     CiiltiviUed  in  (he  sa  e 

preceding  sort,  and  generally  propagated  by  graftinir  standard  high  on 
the  bitter  almond,  or  any  sirong-groiring  seedling  almonds,  in  order 
to  make  sure  of  the  fruit  being  liireet. 

t   A.  c.  :i  ^''te  jiUtin  Bauiii,  Cat.  has  double  flowers. 

t  A.e.  ^  fi-tiu  varU-galii  Baum.  Cat.  has  variegated  leaves. 

T  A-cSfrdgUit  Ser.;  Dec.  Prod.  2.  p.  531.  /I.  frigilis  i/rW.  1.  p.500.  [ 
Amandier  des  Daniea,  If.  Dii  Ham.  4.  p.  1 13.,  yoiielle  Jard.  Fndt. 
p.  T. ;  Coque  molle,  Amendicr  a  Coque  tcndre,  Fr.  [  Abellan,  Pro- 
veniT. — Flowers  protruded  at  the  same  time  as  the  leaves,  and  of  a 
pale  rose  colour.  Petals  broader,  and  deeply  emarginate.  Leave* 
shorter!  the  petioles  thick.  Fruit  acuminate;  shell  soft;  kernel 
sweet-flavoured.     Cultivated  for  its  fruit. 

t  A.  c.  G  mairoeiii-pa  Ser.,  Dec.  Prod.  2.  p.  531.  Amandier  a  pros 
Fruits,  A'.  Ua//nTH.  4.  p.  112.,  A'niiellejani.  Fndt.p.l.;  Amandier 
i^ultane.  AinLindier  des  Dames,  Amandier  Hstache,  Fr. —  Leaves 
broader,  acuminate,  scarcely  grey.  Peduncles  short,  turgid.  Flowcn 
of  a  very  pale  rose  colour,  large,  protruded  before  the  leaves.  Petals 
broadly  obcordate,  naved.  Fruit  large,  nmbilicatc  at  the  base,  tu:u- 
niioate  at  the  tip ;  shell  hard.  There  are  two  suhvarieties,  one  with 
the  fruit  rather  smaller,  called. commonly, in  France,  Amandier  Sul- 
tane ;  and  another,  wiih  the  fruit  titill  smaller,  called  there  Aninndier 
Pistache;  the  kernels  of  both  of  which  are  considered  remarknbly 
delicate,  and  are  preferred  for  the  table.  The  flowers  of  this  variety 
are.nlwejs  produced  earlier  than  those  of  any  other ;  and  the  kernels 
of  the  fruit  are  always  sweet.  In  British  gardens,  the  A.  c.  ilnicro- 
cirpa  has  much  the  large^it  flowers  of  any  of  the  varietie*.     It   is  a 


xxn.  JtosA^GE^ :  pe'rsica. 


265 


vigorous  targe  tree,  of  rapid  growth,  somewhat  more  fiutigiate  than 
the  species. 
^  A.  c.  7  ^eracoides  Ser.,  Dec.  Prod.  2.  p.  531     Amandier-Pecher,  K. 
Du  Ham.  4.  p.  1 14.,  Nouette  Jard,  Fruit,  p  7.  —  Leaves  similar  to 
those  of  the  peach  tree.     Fruit  ovate,  obtuse  ;  its  husk  slightly  suc- 
culent ;  the  shell  of  a  yellowish  dark  colour,  and  the  kernel  sweet- 
Havoured.     Du  Hamel  has  stated  that  its  fruits  vary  upon  the  sahie 
branch,  from  ovate,  obtuse,  with  the  husk  rather  fleshy,  to  ovate, 
compressed,  acuminate,  and  the  husk  dry.     Cultivated  in  France  and 
Italy  for  its  fruit,  but  rarely  found  in  British  gardens. 
Other  Varieties.     The  almond,  considered  as  a  fruit  tree,  has  given  rise  to 
some  other  varieties,  which  will  be  found  treated  of  at  length  in  French  works 
on  gardening,  in  the  Xouveau  Du  Hamel,  and  the  Kouveau  Court  cT Agriculture. 

There  are  several  varieties  of  the  almond  in  cultivation  on  the  Continent 
for  their  fruit;  and  two  or  three  in  this  country,  partly  for  the  same  purpose, 
but  chiefly  for  their  flowers.  The  common  almond,  in  a  wild  state,  is  found 
sometimes  with  the  kernels  bitter,  and  at  other  times  with  them  sweet ;  in 
the  same  manner  as  the  Quercus  hisp&nica,  which,  in  Spain,  though  it  gene- 
rally bears  sweet  and  edible  acorns,  yet  sometimes  produces  only  such  as  are 
bitter.  For  this  reason,  in  the  case  of  the  almond,  instead  of  giving  one  form 
as  the  species,  we  have  followed  DeCandolle,  and  described'  both  the  bitter 
and  the  sweet  almond  separately,  either  of  which  may  be  considered  as  the 
species,  and  classed  them  with  the  varieties. 

m  4.  A.  ORIENT A^Lis  Aii»    The  Eastern  Almond  Tree. 

JdentificatHm.    Ait.  Hort.  Kew.,  ed.  1.  I.  p.  162.,  ed.  2.  3.  p.  195. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  530. ;  Dod*i 

MllL,  2.  p.  482. 
^(f»>njfme.    A.  argentea  Lam.  Diet.  1.  p.  103.,  K.  Du  Ham.  3.  p.  115. 
tngrat/uigs.    Lodd,  Bot.  Cat,  1. 1 137. ;  and  our  Jig.  4'X. 

Spec.  Char.^  ^c.  Imperfectly  evergreen.  Branches 
and  leaves  clothed  with  a  silvery  tomentum ; 
petiole  of  the  leaf  short,  the  disk  lanceolate 
and  entire.  Flowers  rose-coloured,  and  rather 
longer  than  those  of  A.  nana.  Calyx  cylin 
drioilly  bell-shaped.  Fruit  tipped  with  a  point. 
{Bee,  Prod.)  A  tall  shrub  or  low  tree.  Le- 
vant. Height  8  ft.  to  10  ft.;  and,  according 
to  Bosc,  15  ft.  to  20  ft.  Introduced  in  1756. 
Flowers  rose-coloured ;  March  and  April. 

Very  striking,  from  the  hoary,  or  rather  silvery, 
appearance  of  its  leaves ;  and  it  makes  a  hand- 
some  plant  when  budded  standard  high  on  the 
common  almond  or  the  plum.  It  flowers  much  less  freely  than  the  common 
almond ;  notwithstanding  which,  it  well  deserves  a  place  in  collections,  on 
account  of  its  fine  silvery  foliage. 

Genus  II. 


4S6.    A.  orientklb. 


PEHSICA  Toura,    The  Peach  Tree.    Lin.  Syst,  Icosandria  Monogynia 

Uauificaium.    Tourn.  Inst.  t.  400. ;  Mill.  Diet. ;  Dec  Fl.  Fr.,  487.  \  Don's  Mill.,  2.  p.  483. 
Sfiumifmet.    ^m^gdaliu  sp.  of  Lin.  and  Juu. ;  Trichocfcrpiu  Heck.  Elem.  No.  718. ;  Pteher,  Fr. 

Pfirscfaenbaum,  Ger. ;  Pcsco,  Ital.  -  ,  ,    „    ^       ..     , 

Deraat^m.    So  named  from  the  peach  coming  originally  from  Pertfa. 

Gen.  Char.    Drupe  fleshy,  with  a  glabrous  or  velvety  apicarp,  and  having  the 
putamen  wrinkled  from  irregular  furrows.  (Don's  Mill.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  conduplicate  when  young. 


S66  ARBORETUU    ET    FRUTICETtlH    BRITANNICUM. 

Flouieri  almoat  sessile,  Military,  or  twin,  riaing  from  the  Ka.\y  buds  earlier 

than  the  leaves. — Tree,  deciduous,  ben^b  the  middle  size,  aod  not  ol  lung 

duration.     Persia. 

Ttie  peach  and  the  nectarine  are  by  some  botanists  made  distinct  Kpecieii 
but  there  can  be  no  doubt  of  their  being  only  varieties  ol'  one  kind,  which 
kind  ill  itaeir  nothing  more  then  an  improved  or  fleshy  almond  ;  the  almond 
being  to  the  peach  and  nectarine  what  the  crab  is  to  the  apple,  and  the  slue  to 
the  plum. 

I   1.  P.  tui^a'hh  ATtlL     The  common  Peach  Tree. 

-■    m.    Mill.  Din,  No.  1.;  Dk  "—    ■  -  —      "—.—••   •  _   .— 

.  Jmt^iUlui  Flnia  Lilt.  Si 


Spec.  Char.,  ire. 
Persia,    Heig 

Flowers  rose-coloured ;  March  end  April.     Fruit  red  and  yellow ;  ripe  in 
September. 
rarieliet. 

J  P.  «.  1,  the  freeilune  common  Peach,  Peche,  JV.,  has  the  Besh  of  the 
fruit  parting  from  the  shell  of  the  nut  (the  stone). 

Y  P.  V.  S,  lie  cUngitone  coninum  Peach.  Pavie,  Fr.,  has  the  tiesh  of  the 

fruit  Bdiierioe  Co  the  shell  oFtlie  nut. 
%  P.  0.  SjlorepQao  Hort,— Flowers  double. 
ft  P.  r.  4  i/ba  Lindl.—Flowers  white.     A 

berdyoraomentaUhnib,  with  the  habit 

of  an  almond.     Its  fruit  haa  little 

Y  P.  c.  5  J&lat  variegatii  Hort.  —  Leaves  f 

Tnricpited.                                               !^\ 
■  P.  p.  ()  compreita  Hort.,  the  flat  Peach  j 
of  China(Hort. Trans,  iv.  t.  19,;  and  A 
our^.  428.),  is  chieflyremarkablefor 'i 
the  form  of  its   fniit,  and   fur  being  j 
nearly  evergreen  in  its  leaves.     In  the 
Hort.  8oc.  Garden,  aeainst  a  wall,  it 
keeps  growing  throuijhouc  the  winter, 
when  the  weather  is  not  too  severe.  tn.  p, -— 


XXVI.  mosa^clm:  ^kmeni'aca.  267 

t  2.  P.  (y.)  LJsVis  2>fc.    The  BOiooth'^kmned  Peach,  cr  Nectarine  Tree, 

lientgicathn.    Dec.  Fl.  Fr.,  4.  p.  4S7. ;  Don't  Miller.  S.  p.  493. 

Sjfwmsma.    Jm^gdalos  i*grtica  I.am.  D<ef. ;  A,  Pinica  NecUriaa  iltf.  Horf.  Kew.  \  Ptehe  Umu, 

finiKDoo,  Fr. ;  Fesco  noce,  //a/. 
Emgrimngg,    NoU.  Jard.  Fruit,  t.  90.  f.  S.  3.  t.  21.  f.  3, 4. 

Spec,  Char.,  S^c.  Fruit  smooth.  A  deciduous  tree.  Persia.  Height  15  ft. 
to  20  fl.  Cultivated  in  1562.  or  probably  long  before.  Flowers  rose- 
coloured  ;  March  and  April.    Fruit  red  and  yellow;  ripe  in  September. 

Varietiet, 

S  P.  (o)  /.  1»  thefreettone  Nectarine  (with  the  fruit  parting  from  the  nut). 

Peche  lisse,  Fr,  —  The  Elruge  is  the  best  variety, 
i  P.  (v.)  /.  2,  the  c&ngstone  Nectarine  (with  the  flesh  adhering  to  the  nut). 

Brugnon,  Fr,  —  The  Orange  is  the  best  variety. 

The  different  varieties  of  peach  and  nectarine,  when  treated  as  standard 
trees  in  the  open  garden,  assume  the  ^neral  form  and  character  of  the 
almond  ;  but,  as  they  are  more  delicate,  m  consequence  of  being  &rther  re- 
moved from  their  aboriginal  state,  they  are  of  slower  growth,  form  trees  of  less 
aze«  and  are  of  shorter  duration.  The  nectarine,  as  a  standard  in  the  open 
frardeo,  forms  a  smaller  and  more  delicate  tree  than  the  peach ;  and  the  double- 
flowered  peach  is  of  less  vigorous  growth  than  most  of  the  single-flowered 
varieties,  but  very  ornamental. 

Genus  III. 


iffiMENPACA  Toum,    Thb  Apricot.    Lin,  Syst,  Icosandria  Mooog^nia. 

Unt^leaikm.    Toum.  Ixut.,  t.  899.  (  Jou.  Oen^  841.  \  D«c.  FL  Fr.,  4.  p.  485.,  Prod.  8.  p.  881.  { 

Don't  Mm.,  8.  p.  495. 
Sgmmgwta.    Prtxau  ip.  of  Lin.  and  others ;  Abriooticr,  Fr.  %  Aprikoaenbaum,  Ger, ;  Albioocoo, 

ItaL 
DtrHniiem,    The  genus  Is  named  Jrmeidaca,  flrom  tbe  aprlooC  being  originally  (hnn  ilnnai/a.  The 

popular  English' name  was  origlnallT  prKCocla,  from  the  Arabic,  berkockef  whence  the  Tuscan 

meodie,  or  alblcocco;  and  the  English,  abrioot,  or  aprloock,  erentuallf  corrupted  into  apricot. 

Some  persons  derire  Uie  name  from  pracox,  from  this  fruit  ripening  sooner  than  most  others. 

Gen.  Char,  Drupe  ovate  gjobose,  fleshy,  covered  with  a  velvety  skin,  con- 
taining a  nut  or  stone,  which  is  acute  at  one  end,  and  blunt  at  the  other, 
with  a  furrow  on  both  sides  ;  the  rest  smooth,  not  wrinkled.  (Don*s  Mill,) 
Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  when  young,  convolute. 
Fhwers  almost  sessile,  solitary,  or  few  together,  rising  before  the  leaves  from 
scaly  buds. — Trees,  low,  deciduous,  or  shrubs;  natives  of  Europe  and  Asia. 

The  common  apricot  is  a  fruit  tree  in  ^neral  cultivation  throughout  the 
temperate  regions  of  the  globe,  distinguished  at  first  sight  from  the  almond, 
peach,  and  nectarine,  by  its  heart*shaped,  smooth,  shimnff  leaves,  and  white 
flowers.  There  are  several  wild  varieties,  bearing  flowers  ofdifferent  shades  of 
pink,  chiefly  cultivated  as  omamentaL  The  great  beauty  of  both  the  wild  and 
the  cultivated  sorts  of  apricot  is,  that  they  come  into  bloom  in  Britain  before 
almost  every  other  tree;  the  Siberian  apricot  flowering  a  fortnight,  or  more, 
before  the  common  sloe  or  almond. 

2  1.  i4.  vuLGA^Ris  Lam,    The  common  Apricot  Tree. 

Uemi^UiMtm.    Lam.  Diet.,  1.  p.2. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  8.  p.  632. ;  Don's  Hill.,  2.  p.  499k 

^rmaiyme.    Frftnus  ilrnienlaca  Lin.  Sp.  679. ;  Albicooco  americano,  Ital. 

Ei^nntagi.    N.  Du  Ham.,  1. 1.49. ;  the  plate  in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol.  t.  ;  and  our  Jig.  431. 

^per.  Char.y  4rc.  Flowers  sessile.  Leaves  heart-shaped  or  ovate.  (Dec, 
Prod.)  A  middle-sized  tree.  Armenia,  Caucasus,  tiie  Himalayas,  China, 
&c.  Height  20ft.  to  30  ft.  Cultivated  in  1548.  Flowers  pinkish  white; 
February  and  March.  Drupe  orange  and  red ;  ripe  in  August  and  Sept. 
Decaying  leaves  reddish  yellow.     Naked  young  wood  smooth,  purplish. 


ARBOHETUM    £T    FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUM. 


i  A,  V.  \  ovali/olia  Ser.     Abrkot  Angoumois,  A.  prfcoce,  A.  blanc,  fV 
(N.DuHBm.,5.t.50.f.6.;    , 
and  oiic_fig.  429.) — Leaves 
uval;  fruit  small. 
1  A.  t>.  S  cordifitia  Ser.  (N.  Du  i 
Han.,   5.    p.   167.    t.  49  ;  B 
Hnd  uur^.  430.)— Leaves  ^ 
heart-sha^,  broad.   Fruit 

"i  A,  n.  3  Joliii  variegalit  Hurt. 
— Leaves  mriegBted.  Flow- 
ers double.   The  Breda  va- 
riety in  generally  that  which 
bas  vancgated  leaves  in  Briiigh  gardens. 
1  A.  ti.  4jfdre  pltno  Hort.  — Grossier  says  that  the 
Chinese  hatre  a  great  many  varieties  of  double- blossomed  apricots, 
which  they  plant  on  little  uiouDts. 
Very  feir  trees  att^n  ihc  appearance  of  maturily  so  soon  as  the  npricot    a 
ilandard   10  or  12  years  phintcJ,  in  good  loamy  r  ch  soil   udl  grow  ' 
luinhtof  BOft.,  with  a'      "  "'  "   '-   ••----- -     -■'->-- 


a  head  2b  (I.  in  diameter,  prese  itint  all  the  ai  pearance 


e  of  iO  or  30  years'  growtli,  or  of  a  tree  arrived  at  maturity.   The  best 
for  producing  thiit,  as  a  standard,  is  the  Breda  apricot.     It  is  also  a 
jidsoDie-growing  plant,  and  its  bloMom  buds,  before  they  are  expanded, 
I  moat  boiutiful  ard  briUiant  scarlet. 
J  8.  A.  dasvca'rpa  Frrt.     The  rough-fruited  Apricot  Tree. 

rn.    P»ri,  Sjn,  S-p.S&j  Dgc.  Pnd.  3.  |l  Idl.  i  DoD't  MIIL,  1.  |i  «T. 

1.    ^.  UropuipOm  Laii,  Ui  N.  Du  BaM,i.B.  171. j  ^ilDiu  dintiru  Ekrlt.  Anirr. G. 

F.JmirnltcMtlgrtllitf.  Col.  nl.  r  p,  «»,  ;  the  Muk  ApHnX. 

[(.    N.nuHim,  M.  M.  r.  1,  1  LpdJ.  B«.  Cmb.,!.  IWI.;  uhI  our  ;Vi.  Ul, UK 

Spec.  Char.,  ^e.  Leaves  ovate,  ocumbate,  doubly  serrate.  Petioles  glandcd. 
Flowers  upon  thread-shaped  pedicels.  In  the  Sowers  of  a  plant  in  tbe 
Geneva  Botanic  Garden,  the  calyx  was  purple,  and  6-lobed;  the  [>etali 
were  6 ;  and  tbe  stamens  24.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  tree  with  a  twisted  trunk, 
resembling  the  common  apricot,  but  smaller.  Levant?.  Height  iO  ft.  to 
15  ft.  Introduced  in  1800.  Flowers  white;  April.  Dru|«  purple  or 
black  t  ripe  in  August  and  September. 


XXVI     BOSA'ct*  : 


It  A.d.2  perticijdiia  Lou.   A.  persicifolia  Don't  Mil/.,  ii.  p.  ian.    Abriroc 
Doir  i  Feuilles  de  Pecher,  Ft.     (N.  Du  Ham,,  5.  p.  172.  1. 52.  f.  I. ; 
uid  our^.  434.) — Leaves  ovate  and  short,  or  lanceolate,  with  small 
lohei.     Flesh  of  the  fruit  red,  variegated  with  pale  yellow.-    Id  the 
ft'oureau  Da  Home/,  it  is  stated  to  be  a  very  slight  variety,  which 
can  only  be  conUDued  by  budding. 
The  rough-fruited  apricot  merits  eultivBtion  for  it»  flowers,  which  are  gene- 
rally white,  but  which,  in  this  country,  from  the  earliness  of  their  appearances 
»re  not  often  succeeded  by  fruit,  unless  the  tree  is  planted  again  at  awall,  nhere 
It  csn  be  protected  by  netting  from  the  spring  frosts. 


270  ARBORETUM    ET    FHUTICETUM    BBITANNICUM 

Spec.  Char.,  S/c.  Leaves  ovate  acumtDute,  of  the  form  of  thoiie  of  tlie  beech. 
The  petioles  long  and  f^landless.  Fruit  smuU.  A  native  of  mountabioui 
districts  in  tiie  moat  remote  parts  of  Siberia.  Persoon  hot  siateil  that  it 
Taries  with  leaves  linear-lunceolHte.    (Dec.  Prod.)     A  low  tree,  having  the 

Bneral  appearance  of  the  common  apricot,  but  smaller  in  all  its  parts. 
ahuria,  on  mountains,  growing  upon  the  face  of  perpendicular  rocks  ex- 
posed to  the  sun.     Height  6  (V.  to  tj  ft.  i  in  England  8  ft.  to  20  h.     Intro- 
duced in  1788.     Flovers  rose-coloured ;  May.     Drupe?. 
This  tree,  on  the  mountains  of  Dahurin,  does  not  attain  a  greater  height 
than  that  of  a  man;  but  it  haa  a  iruiih  ihe  thicknens  of  the  wrist,  a  rough  and 
black  boric,  and  hiird  wood.     It  Howera  about  the  same  time  na  the  Ahodo- 
dindron  dailricitm  ;  growing  on  the  south  sides  of  the  mountains,  while  the 
latter  grows  on  the  north   sides.     When  both   these   plants   are  in   ttover, 
Pallas  observes,  the  north  sides  of  the  mouniaiiis  appear  of  a  puqde  colour, 
and  the  south  of  a  rose  colour.  (Fi.  Ron.,  i.  p.  13.)     In  British  gardens,  the 
Siberian  apricot  forms  s  tree  of  neaily  the  same  height  as  the  common  apricot, 
of  which  it  appears  to  us  to  be  the  wild  form. 

I  4.  A.  (v.)  bbioanti'aca  Pert.     The  Brian90D  Apricot  Tree. 
Urt^ificaOm.    Van.  Srn,.  1.  p.  ae.  i  Dec.  Prod.,  9.  n.  £31.  \  Dofi'i  Mill..  X  p.  498. 
a^Kimfmi.    Prilniii  brW>U*u  fiU.  Daupk.  I.  p.Ui.,  Ov.  FL  Ft.  No.STN,  LaU.  la   \.  Da 

Smpathigi.    N.  Du  Uun.,  L  L  Sfl.  j  uidDurJIf.  4S6. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.   Leaves  nearly  heart-shaped,  toothed 

with  numerous  sharp  subimbricate  teeth.    Flowers 

in  group.s,  almost  sessile,  scarcely  prolruded  before 

the  leaves.   (Dec.  Prod.')     A   low   tree.      Dbu- 

phin£,  in  only  one   localitv,  and   in   another  in 

Piedmont,  where  an  oil,  called  huile  de  marmotte, 

has  for  a  long  time  been  expressed  from  the  ' 

seeds.     Height  in  British  gardens  14  ft.  to  15fi. 

in  10  or  Ig  years;  in  its  native  habitats,  0 ft.  to 

8  ft.   Introduced  in  1619.    Flowers  while  or  pink; 

March  and  April.     Drupe  ?. 

Seringe  suggested  that  this  kind  may  be  the  same 
as  A.  sibirica,  and  we  think  it  not  unlikely  to  be  only 
another  variety  of  the  common  apricot  in  its  wild 
state,  with  toothed  leaves.  ^^  .(.i.-iwimua. 


iijaaaa 


PBITKUS  Toam.     The  Plom.     Lm.  Syil.  Icoslindnn  Monog^a. 

jkaMHL    Toum.  loit..  t.  SBS.  i  Due.  Piod  ,  i.  p.  MS.  )  Don'l  Mill.,  ).  408. 
Stmr^^mrt.     Prun6pho«  Kre*.  Eltm.  Ho.  TIB,  [  PlIiBm  Ip.  o(  Lin.  and  olhsri  ;  Pnino,  lUL 
Dcrtratiini.    SlUd  to  be  a  word  <rf  Ailitic  orijlii  i  Ihe  wild  piml,  iccordiag  lo  Galen,  belnf  oltod 

Gen.  Char.     Drupe  ovate  or  oblong,  fleshy,  quite  glabrous,  covered  with  a 

glaucous  bloom  ;  containing  a  compressed  nut  or  putamen,  which  is  acute  at 

both  ends,  and  « little  furrowed  on  the  margin,  the  rest  smooth.  (Don'i  JUi/L) 

Leave!  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  dedduous  ;   convolute  when  youttg. 

FlowcTt  usually  disposed  in  umbellate  icicles,  sulitary  on  the  pedicels,  rising 

Snerally  before  the  leaves. — Trees  or  shrubs  ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  ami 
orth  A-  -' 


XXVI.    nOSA^CEMl    /^RM£NI'aCA.  271 

Manj  of  the  species  are  spiny  in  a  wild  state ;  most  of  them  bear  edible 
fruits;  and  all  of  them  have  showy  blossoms.  In  British  gardens,  they  are 
chiefly  propagated  by  grafting,  but  some  of  them  by  layers ;  and  they  will  grow 
20  any  soil  that  is  tolerably  free,  and  not  overcharged  with  moisture,  but  a  cal- 
careous soil  is  found  best.  The  epidermis  of  the  bark  of  the  plum,  as  well  as 
that  of  the  cherry,  and  perhaps  that  of  some  of  the  other  genera  of  i^mygdaieae, 
ii  readily  divisible  transversely,  and  may  frequently  be  .^^een  divided  in  this 
manner  into  rings  on  the  tree. 

^  I.  P.  spiNO^SA  L.    The  spiny  Plum  Tree,  or  common  Sloe  Thorn, 

Uentifieathm.    Lhi.  Sp.,  3.  681. ;  Dec  Prod.,  S.  p.  832. ;  Don*t  Mill.,  2.  p.  498.  , 

4nMr*K>.  P.  •ylvHtria  Fnrk.  Hist.  p.  404.,  Ray  Syn.  p.  462. :  Blackthorn;  PruDler  ipineux, 
Praoellier,  E^pine  Boire,  or  Mdro-du-BoU,  Fr. ;  Schlewlom,  or  Scblen  Pdaum,  Ger.  \  Prugno,  or 
Pniiwllo,  Ital. 

EngrmimgM.    V«bl  FI.  Dan.,  t.  926. :  the  plate  In  Arb.  Brit.,  lit  edit.,  vol.  t.  ;  and  our  J!g.  437. 

I>eri9fiti(m  The  name  of  M^re-du-BoU  it  applted  to  the  floe  thorn  In  France,  In  the  neigh  iMiurhood 
df  Mootargls,  becaoie  It  has  been  remarked  there,  that,  when  it  wai  established  on  the  margins  of 
voods,  its  underground  shoots,  and  the  suckers  which  sprang  up  trmn  them,  had  a  constant  ten- 
dency to  extend  the  wood  over  the  adjoining  fields. 

i^vr.  Char,,  ^c.  Branches  spiny.  Leaves  obovate,  elliptical,  or  ovate ;  downy 
beneath,  doubly  and  sharply  toothed.  Flowers  produced  before  the  leaves 
or  with  them,  white,  and  solitary.  Calyx  campanulate ;  with  lobes  blunt, 
and  longer  than  the  tube.  Fruit  globose ;  the  flesh  austere.  (Dec,  Prod,) 
A  low  tree  or  shrub.  Europe  vroin  Upsal  to  Naples,  and  the  West  of 
Asia  and  North  of  Africa.  Height  10  fl.  to  15  f^.  Flowers  white;  March 
and  ApriL    Drupe  black ;  ripe  in  October. 

Varieties, 

J  P.  1.  I  vulgaris  Ser.  P,  spindsaXou.  (N.  Du  Ham.,  5.  p.  185.  t.  S*. 
f.  1.)^— Ledves  obovate-elliptica].  Fruit  dark  purple.  This  may  be 
considered  as  the  normal  form  of  the  species. 

2  P.  s,  2Joliu  veriegaHs  Ser.  —  Found  wild  ;  but  a  plant  of  no  beauty. 

I  P.  #.  3  miorocdrpa  Wallr.  (Exs.  Cent.  l.No.  45.)  —  Leaves  elliptic, 
narrow,  bluntisb.    Fruit  smaller  than  that  of  the  species. 

If  P.  /.  4e  macrocdrpa  WtHir,  (Exs.  Cent.  1.  No.  45.) — Leaves  obovate, 
bluntish.  Fruit  large,  dark  purple.  This  has  been  found  wild  in 
Germany;  but  Seringe  doubts  whether  it  be  not  identical  with  P. 
domestica  Juliana,  or  with  P.  insitltia. 

*  P.  *.  5  ovdta  Ser.  (Blackw.  Herb.,  t.  494.) — Leaves  ovate,  roundish. 

t  P.  #.  6Jlore  pleno. — This  is  a  very  beautiful  variety,  said  to  be  in  cul- 
tivatiouy  and  highly  prized,  in  China  and  Japan  ;  and  also  found  wild 
some  years  ago  at  Tarascon.  The  flowers  are  white,  and  are  pro- 
duced in  such  abundance  as  to  entirely  cover  the  branches. 

The  sloe,  or  blackthorn,  is  much  more  firequently  seen  as  a  large  spiny  shrub, 
tiian  as  a  irtei  but,  when  the  suckers  are  removed  from  it,  and  all  the  strength 
of  the  plant  is  allowed  to  go  into  one  stem,  it  forms  a  small  scrubby  tree  of  the 
Jnost  characteristic  kind.  The  stems  of  the  sloe  differ  from  those  of  the  haw- 
thorn, in  growing  to  the  height  of  3  or  4  feet  before  they  branch  off.  The 
bark  is  black,  whence  the  name  of  blackthorn  ;  and  the  leaves  are  dark  green. 
Tbe  roots  are  creeping,  and,  in  every  soil  and  situation,  throw  up  numerous 
Backers  ;  so  much  so,  that  a  single  plant,  in  a  favourable  soil,  would  cover  an 
acre  of  ground  in  a  very  few  years.  In  hedges,  in  Britam,  it  is  seldom  seen 
above  20  ft,  in  height ;  but  in  woods  and  in  parks,  as  single  trees,  we  have  seen 
it  above  30  ft.  high  :  for  example,  in  Eastwell  Park,  in  Kent.  The  wood  is 
hard,  and  in  colour  resembles  that  of  the  peach,  thoueh  without  its  beauty :  it 
takes  a  fine  polish ;  but  it  is  so  apt  to  crack,  that  little  use  can  be  made  of  it, 
except  for  nandles  for  tools,  teeth  for  hay-rakes,  swingles  for  flails,  and 
w^ing-sttcks.  The  wood  weighs,  when  dry,  nearW  521b.  per  cubic  foot. 
The  branches,  from  being  less  spreading  than  those  of*^  the  common  hawthorn, 
make  better  dead  hedges  than  those  of  that  species ;  and.  for  the  same  reason, 
they  are  particularly  well  adapted  for  forming  guards  to  the  stems  of  trees 


VM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BBITANNICUM 


planted  in  grasi  fields  or  in  parks,  to  protect  them  from  raltle. 
general  use  for  ihie  purpose  in  France.  They  are  also  used  as  a 
stones  and  tiles  in  draining ;  and,  formed  into  fnggots,  they  arc  sn 
bakers'  ovens,  and  for  burning  lime  or  chalk  in  kihis,  &c.  Th 
cannot  be  recum mended  Tor  hedges,  on  account  of  the  ramblin 
roots,  and  the  numerous  suckers  they  throw  up;  and  because  ii 
naked  below,  from  the  tendency  of  the  shoals  to  grow  upri^l 
branches.  These  upright  shoots  make  excellent  walking-stick 
cordingly,  throughout  Europe,  are  more  frequently  taken  from 
from  any  other.  Lcbtcs  of  the  sloe,  dried,  are  considered  to 
substitute  for  Chinese  tea  which  has  yet  been  tried  in  Europe ;  : 
been  extensively  used  for  the  adulterHtion  of  that  article.  Thi 
ripe  fruit  is  s^d  to  enter  largely  into  the  manufacture  of  the  chi 
port  wine  ;  and,  when  properly  fermented,  it  makes  a  wine  stronj 
new  port.  In  planting  groups  and  masses  in  parks,  by  the  add): 
plants  of  the  sloe,  a  degree  of  intricacy  may  he  given  sooner 
fectively,  than  by  the  use  of  the  common  thorn;  but,  at  the  same 
produces  a  degree  of  wildness  from  its  numerous  suckers,  am 
control  which  they  indicate,  which  is  not  displayed  by  any  of  1 
Cratte'gus,  which  do  not  throw  up  suckers,  tor  producing  wil 
tricacy,  therefore,  in  park  scenery,  the  sloe  is  of  great  value,  ai 
much  heightened  by  the  addition  of  the  common  furze  or  the 
sloe  prefers  a  strong  calcareous  loam.  It  may  be  propagated  fret 
or  by  seeds':  the  latter  should  be  gathered  in  October,  when  th' 
ripe,  miied  with  sand,  and  turned  over  two  or  three  tim^  in  the 
winter ;  and,  bemg  sown  in  February,  they  will  come  up  in  the  i 


V  2.  P.  II 


SHfraraigt.    Eng.  Bat.,  I.Stl.  I  Hiynt 


The  engrailed  Plum  Tree,  or  Bull, 

Prcxl.,S.p.i».;  Don".  Mtll.,  J.  p.  4SS. 
tor  TV™™.  I  P.  IjMUrii  milor  S.i»  -.  Proi 


Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.     Branches  beioming  spiny.     Flowers  in  pairs. 
or  lanceolate  ;  villose  beneath,  not  Hat.     Fruit  roumlisL  (D 
low  tree.     England,  Oeniiany,  and  the  South  of  France,  and 
Height  10ft.  to  20ft.     Flowers  white;  March  and  April, 
ripe  in  October. 

X  P.  t.  \fiucfu  mgro  Hon.     The  black-li-Liited,  or  commoi 
1!  P.  i.  2jraclii  lilco^io  Hort.— Fruit  jel  hi  wish- white. 


XXVI.  sosa'ce^  :  Pkv  nus. 


273 


f  P.  I.  Sjrydu  rubro  Hort.  —  Fruit  red. 

t  P.  i.  ^  fibre  pieno  Descemet   in  Mem,  de  la  Rtistie  Meridionale,  1. 
p.  63.  —  Flowers  double. 

The  fruit,  which  is  globular,  and  usually  black,  is  sometimes  yellowish  or 
>uy,  with  a  red  tint,  and  sometimes  red ;  it  is  also  bo  much  less  austere  than 
the  sloe,  as  to  make  excellent  pies  and  puddings,  and  a  very  good  preserve. 


488*   Artenu  tnldda. 


The  fruit  of  this  plum  in  Provence  is  called  prune  sibarelle,  because  it  is  im« 
possible  to  whistle  after  having  eaten  it,  from  its  sourness.  The  wood,  the 
blanches,  the  fruit,  and  the  entire  plant  are  used,  throughout  France,  for  the 
nrae  purposes  as  that  of  the  sloe. 

It  3.  P.  DOMB^fiTiCA  L,    The  domestic  cultivated  PFum  Tree. 


Uq.  Sp., 680. :  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.533. ;  Don's  Mill.,  2.  p. 499. 
P.  latlra  Pueks  and  Ray ;  Prunler  doniestiqae,  Pr. ;   ge- 
mdne  Pflaume,  Ger, ;  Sutino  domettico,  luU, 
EngnKings.    Wood.  Med.  Bot.,  1 85. ;  E.  BoC.,  1. 1788. ;  and  our^.  439. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c,  Branches  spineless.  Flowers  mostly 
solitary.  Leaves  lanceolate-ovate,  concave  on  the  sur- 
^e,  not  flat.  (Dec,  Prod,)  A  low  tree.  South  of 
Europe,  on  hills;  in  England,  found  sometimes  in 
hedges,  but  never  truly  wild.  Height  15ft.  to  20  ft. 
Flowers  white ;  April  and  May.  Drupe  various ;  ripe 
August  to  October. 

Varied. 

*t  P,  d,  %fiofre  pleno  Hort. — Flowers  large,  double. 
5  P.  i/.  3  foGis  variegdtis  Hort.  —  Leaves  variegated. 
t  P.  i/.  4  wrmetuoides  Ser.  —  Leaves  and  fruit  like 
tho6c^  of  ilrmenlaca  brigantiaca. 

The  cultivated  plum  resembles  the  common  sloe,  but  is 
larger  in   all  its  parts,  and  without  thorns.     There  are 
onmerouB  varieties  and  subvarieties;  but,  as  they  belong    <»•'•»*»»•  *«*ti«- 
BKme  to  pomology  than  to  arboriculture,  we  have  here  only  noticed  those 
that  hove  aooie  pretensions  to  distinctness  in  an  ornamental  point  of  view 


374  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH    BltlTANNICUH. 

Hie  l^iicot-like   plum  seema  inCemiediace  between  the  wild  plum  aai  lb 
wild  apricot.    The  varieties  cultivated  for  their  fruit  have,  in  general,  inud 
larger  leaves,  an4  stronger  young  shoots,  than  the  other  sorts;  ihey  flowe 
later,  their  blossoms  are  larger,  and  their  fruit,  pBrticularly  tuch  sorts  u  lb 
magnuni  bonum  aud  the  diamond  plum,  several  times  as  large ;  the  latter  betn, 
upwards  of  8)  in.  long.     These  fruit-beuHng  varieties  are  in  univavii  cniti 
vation  in  temperate  climates ;  and  for  every  thing  of  interest  rcUtini;  la  thee 
as  such,  we  refer  tu  our  Encydopadia  of  Gardening,  edi 
use  of  the  fruit  in  domestic   economy,  in  Britain,  for 
OTuking  tarts  and  puddings,  is  well  known.     In  France, 
cipall^  dried,  as  lui  urticle  of  commerce,  and  ihey  are  I 
of  bngnoles,  prunes,  and  French  plums.     The  difleret 
plums  in  France  will  be  found  detailed  at  length  in  the 
and  in  our  Suburian  HorHadtiaut, 

1  4.  P.  (d.)  hvboba'lana  L.    The  MyrobaUn, 

UtmUftaOM.    Lin.  Sp..  CM). ;  Dh.  Prod.,  a.  p.  U3,  i  Dob'i  Ul[t..  3.  p 

Vuxqw-    P.1ijiaM,taDuHam.i  F.mntMtat  LoH. ;   P.cttm 

VtrgtuUD'CbHrjr  1  Eulr  Surlst  Finn  i  I^iiiilar  mrrgbaUn,  w  C« 


Spec.  Cliar.,  Sfc.  Sepab  narrow.  Fruit  globose,  deprei 
bilicus  depressed ;  nut  with  a  sniall  point.  (Dee. 
Europe,  or,accordine  to  some.  North  America.  Heigl 
tivated  in  gardens  for  an  unknown  period.  Flowe 
April.  Fruit  cordate,  red,  rarely  produced  m  Englani 
Variety. 

1  P.  (if.)  ni.  S  /<j&  ottritgaiit  N.  Du  Ham.  has  va 
Though  we  consider  this  nothing  more  than  a  variety 
yet  it  is  so  distinct,  both  in  the  habit  of  the  tree  and  t 
that  we  think  it  more  convenient  to  keep  it  apart.  Its 
u  early  as  those  of  the  sloe;  and,  the  plant  being  u 
species,  it  seldom  produces  fnut  in  England,  except  i 
protected.  It  forms  a  good  stock  for  varieties  intended 
India  the  Iruit  is  sold  to  dye  black. 


xxvi.  jiosa'cex:   peu'nus. 


Balb.     The  white  Plum  Tree, 
r  WUld.  enun.  Sinipl.,I>.M.:  Dm,  I>rc 
1. 1.  IIU. ;  and  ouijV'-  Ml.  «t2 
Spec.  Char.,  Sjc.     Branches  pubescent. 
Flowers  8  or  3  together,  upon  short 
pubescent  peduncleB,      CbIji  bell- 
shaped.       Leaves     broatlly     ovate, 
vhitish   beneath.      Btipules  of  the  A 
length  of  the  petiole,  very  narroiv,  ) 
and  cut  in  a  toothed  manner.  {Dec.  ^ 
Prod.)      A  low    shnib.    ?Tauria. 
Height  6  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introd.  in  18S5.         ml  r- 
Flowen  white  i  April. 

It  is  not  known  of  what  country  it  is  a  native, 
hardy,  eaidly  cultivated,  and  so  laden  with  white  hi 
'■"■""'■      spring  as  to  appear  a  mass  of  snow,  whence  the  m 
M  6.  P.  Cocoxi'lla  Tenore.     The  Coconiitla  Plum  1 


.   Ourj^. 


Ml.  (nii]i'u;£(. 


.,1119,  p.M.i  D«. 


Spn.  Char.,  ^c.     Flowera  npon  short  peduncles, 

Leaves  obovate,  crenulate,  glabrous  on  both  . , 

(be  crenaturcs  glonded.  Fruit  ovate-oblong,  with  a  small 
point,  yellow,  ?  bitter  or  ?  add.  {Dec.  Prod")  A  low  ahrub 
""'-'---     a  hedges.      Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.     Introduced 


Odibria,  ii 

in  isat.    Flowera  white;  April.    Drupe  yellow  ,  ..,,^„, 

The  bark  is  febrifugal,  and,  in  Calabria,  is  considered  to 
'  *  qieciGc  for  the  cure  of  the  pestilential  fevers  common 
ttUE  country. 

•  T.  P.  kaki'tima  yrangenAdm.     The  sea-aide-inhabiling  Plun 

S^mo^mf.  ?/.  ■cumlnit 
Eap-miliifi.  Our  Jlf.  44 
tji«  Luabcrtim  hvrbir' 


.•a.! 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.      Leaves   lanceolate- 


ET    FROTICETUM    llRlTAb 

(Dec.  Frod.)  A  middle-Bized  shrub.  North  Aroericn, 
sea  coast,  from  New  Jersey  to  Carolina.  Height  6  ft 
in  1B18.  FloirerR  white;  A^ril  and  Mav.  Fruit,  of 
egg,  dark  purple,  and,  according  to  Pnrsh,  veiy  good  t 
There  are  plants  in  British  gardena,  but  they  have  i 
.K  6.  P.  pubb'scens  Pod-.     The  pubeacent-^onw 

tiintifltiaiatt.    Foir.  Suppl..  4.p.  AM.,  notof  Puiih;  D«.  Prod.,l.p.l 
EngraciKi.    OutjIg.aoS*  lap,  1106. 

Spec.  Char.,  S[c.  Leaves  with  short  pubescent  petioles 
slightly  pubescent,  ovate,  thickish,  rounded,  or  ahofl 
equally  toothed.  Flowers  mostly  solitary  and  nearly 
(pec.  Prod.)  A  ahrub.  Native  country  unknown. 
Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.     Flowers  white  ;  May. 

Ji  9.  P.  Dtv«RiCA^TA  Led.     The  divnricated-irant 

litnUgtallaa,    Ltifb.  Ind,  HoR.  Doni.  Suppl.  ISM,  p  S.  i  Fl.,All., 
TlT.;    Doc.  Prod.,  5.  p. SM.  i  Don'l  Mill.:!  p. m.  , 

£ivra>nvl.    Led.  Flor.  AIL,  I.  IS,  i  ud  our^-"^-  i 

^c.  Char.,  ifc.     Branches   apineless.     I<eaves  with   ^ 
glandless  petioles,  and  disks  oblong-elliptical,  tA-  K 
pered  to  both  ends,  concave  above,  serrate,   gla-  ? 
brous,  with  the  miilrib  bearded  beneath.     Flowers 
solitary,  very  numerous.     Caivx  rellexed.     Fruit 
elliptiral,   yellow.     (Dec.  Prod.)     A  middle-siied 
shrub.     Caucasus.     Height  8  ft.  to  10  ft.     Intro- 
duced in  1820.     Flowers  white  ;  April. 

Olher  Spedet  of  Prunut  Juss.  —  In  consequence  of 
genus  Priinus  bring  removed  to  C^asus;  and  also  be< 
semblance  of  one  species  to  another  io  both  genera,  tli 
conftigioD,  which  cannot  be  cleared  up  till  the  plants  i 
state.  Prilnus  effusawas  raised  in  1838,  in  the  Hort.  Soi 
presented  by  Baron  Jacquin. 

Genus  V. 

CE'RASUS  Jutt.  The  Cbekkt.  Lm.    Sytt.  Icosi 

WrXiflcattm.    JuM.  Om..Mai  Dnr.  Fl.  Fr.t.f.m.;  Prad-.J.  p.Mi 

Gen.  Char.  Drupe  globose,  or  uinbilicate  at  the  base,  II 
destitute  of  bloom,  containing  a  smooth,  rather  globi 
(Don-,  MUl.) 

Leavet  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous,  or  eft 
condtiplicate.  Flowen  white.  Pedieelt  I-llowcred,  risir 
fascicled  umbels,  from  scaly  buda;  but  sometimes  rising 
the  leaves,  in  racemes,  from  the  tops  of  the  branches. — Ti 
all  deciduous,  with  smooth  serrated  leaves,  and  white  l]< 
with  light-coloured  bsrk.  Natives  uf  Europe,  Asia,  ar 
Some  of  them  are  cultivated  for  their  fruit,  and  the  c 
In  British  nurseries,  the  deciduous  species  are  generally 
ing  or  budding  on  the  Cerasus  sylv^stris,  and  the  evei| 


XXVI.  RosA^CEm:  ce'rasus.  277 

by  cutdogs  or  seeds  ;  they  will  grow  iu  any  common  soil  that  is  tolerably  dry. 
"Aiere  is  much  confusion  in  all  the  species,  more  particularly  as  regards 
those  which  are  natiyes  of  North  America ;  and  which,  as  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker 
judiciously  observes,  can  only  be  **  removed  by  carefully  studying  the  plants 
in  a  fiving  state,  both  during  the  season  of  the  blossom  and  that  of  the  ^uit." 
{Plor,  Bar.  Amer^  i.  p.  167.) 

$  i.   Ceras6phora  Dec.     The  Cheiry-hearing  Kinds, 

Sect.  Char,    Flowers  produced  from  buds  upon  shoots  not  of  the  same  year  ; 
and,  in  many  instances,  disposed  umbellately.    Leaves  deciduous. 

A.  Species  cultivated  Jbr  their  Fruit, 

The  Cherries  cultivated  in  Gardens,  according  to  Linnaeus,  and  almost  all 
botanists  to  the  time  of  DeCandoUe,  have  been  referred  to  P^unus  kvium  L, 
and  Prunus  Cigrasus  L. ;  the  former  being  the  merisier  of  the  French,  and 
correspondii^with  the  small  wild  black  bitter  cherry  of  the  English  (the  C. 
i^lv^stns  of  Kay) ;  and  the  latter  the  cerisier  of  the  French,  and  correspond- 
ing with  the  common  red  sour  cherry  of  the  English  (the  C.  vulgaris  or  Mil- 
ler). To  these  two  species  DeCandolle  has  added  two  others :  Cerasus 
Jofeno,  which  he  considers  as  including  the  guigniers ;  and  Cerasus  duricina, 
under  which  he  includes  the  bigarreaus,  or  hard  cherries.  Under  each  of 
these  four  species,  Seringe,-  in  DeCandolle*s  ProdromuSy  has  arranged  a  num- 
ber of  varieties,  with  definitions  to  each  group :  but,  as  neither  the  species 
nor  the  groups  appear  to  us  distinct,  we  have  adopted  the  arrangement  of  the 
author  of  the  article  on  Cerasus  in  the  Nouveau  DuHamel,  as  much  more 
ample  and  satisfactory ;  and  have  referred  all  the  cultivated  varieties  to  the 
same  species  as  Liniueus ;  substituting  for  Prunus  avium  L,,  Cerasus  sylvestris, 
the  synon.  of  Ray ;  and  for  Pnknus  Cerasus  L.,  Cerasus  vulgaris,  already  used 
to  designate  the  same  species  in  MiU.  Diet.,  and  by  Loiseleur  in  the  Nouveau  Du 
UameL  The  arrangement  of  the  varieties,  and  general  culture  of  the  cherry  in 
the  kitchen-garden  and  orchard,  will  be  found  at  length  in  our  Encyclopcedia  of 
Gardening;  and,  in  a  more  condensed  form,  in  our  Suburban  Horticulturist. 

f  1.  C.  STLVE^STais  Bauh.  and  Bay.  The  wild  black-fruited  Cherry  Tree. 

Um^haUim.    Baah.  Hiit.,  1 . 1. 2.  p.  990. ;  Rar  Hist.  1636. ;  Fen.  Syn..  2.  p.  35. 

SfmHsfau*  and  Garden  Nanus.  C.  trlum  Mctnch,  N.  Du  Ham.  6.  p.  10.,  Don^s  Hitl.  9.  p.  &05* : 
C  nlgn  MOL  Diet.  No.  2.,  not  of  Alt.  ;  Pniniu  kvium  Lin.  Sp.  680. ;  P.  tLTiuin  var.  «  and  /3 
WiBd.  Baum.  ed.  2.  p.  SOS.  i  i*rdnaa  Mum  var.  $  and  y  Bng.  nor.  2.  p.  Wb. ;_  P.  nigricans  and 
r.  7.  p.  126, 127. ;  Gean,  Bigarreau,  Coi 


6er.  i  Qregtolo,  Ital. 

•DirfeaiMMa.  ThU  cbernr  Ij  called  Corooe,  or  Coroon,  In  some  parts  of  England,  from  corona,  a 
crov,  in  rrference  to  its  blackness.  Merry  Tree  and  Merries  are  evidently  corruptions  of  the 
■ord  M^rMer ;  and  Mirisier  is  said  to  be  derired  from  the  words  asnirey  bitter,  and  cerise,  a 
ctery.  Bigarrean  is  derived  from  bigarrie  party^oloured,  because  the  cherries  known  by  this 
mse  are  generally  of  two  colours,  yellow  and  red;  and  Heaumier  is  Arom  the  French  word 
hiamme,  a  brlmet,  from  the  shape  of  the  ftuit. 

UgrmtingM.    Du  Ham.  Tr.  Arb.,  1.  p.  156. ;  Arb.  BrlL,  1st  edit.,  toI.  tI.  ;  and  Kxm  fig.  447. 

^pec.  ChoT^  ^c.  Branches  vigorous  and  divaricate  ;  the  buds  from  which  the 
fivits  are  produced  oblotig-acute.  Flowers  in  umbel-like  groups,  sessile, 
not  numerous.  Leaves  oval-lanceolate,  pointed,  serrated,  somewhat  pen- 
dent, slightly  pubescent  on  the  under  side,  and  furnished  with  two  glands  at 
the  base.  (^JDec.  Prod.,  y,  JDu  Hamel.)  A  middle-sized  tree.  Europe,  in 
woods  and  hedges.  Height,  in  dry  fertile  soils,  40  ft.  to  50  ft.  or  upwards. 
Rowers  white  ;  April  and  May.  Drupe  red  or  black  ;  ripe  in  July.  De- 
caying leaves  of  a  fine  red,  or  rich  yellow  and  red. 

Gaieties. 

h  Merisiers  or  Merries ,  with  black  or  yellow  firuit. 
2.  Gtdgtaers  or  Geans  (C.  Juliana  Dec),  with  red  or  black  fruit,  early  or 
late,  and  including  the  tobacco-leaved  guignier,  or  gean,  of  four  to  the 
pound  (the  C.  decumana  of  Delauny). 

T  3 


78  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BalTANNlCUM. 

3.  Heatmaert,  the  Hehnel-ihaped  Ckcrriei  (C.  Juliiilo  vw.  ieauHuiau  Dk.) 

somewhat  resembling  the  bigarreau,  but  with  leu  Grm  fleih. 
Varulu  of  tkU  race  toed  for  oraamertlal  purpoiei, 
t  C.  f.  durddna  2  Jlare  plena  Hort.,  tiie  double  Sowered  wild  blul 
Cherry;  M^riaieri  Fleurg  doubles,  or  Merisier  Renunculier, Fr. 
is  a  very  beautiful  variety,  known,  in  the  garden  of  the  Hort.  Sot. 
as  the  double  French  white. 
4.  Bigamauiieri,  the  Bigarreaui,or  hard-JlFikedClieTnei  (C.  AaTicmaDrr.) 
u'iih  white,  fle»h-coloured,  and  black  fruit,  generallj'  heart- shxpetl. 


The  colour  of  the  fniit  of  the  wild  ^ecies  is  a  ver;  deep  dark  itil, 
black  i  the  flesh  is  of  the  same  colour,  small  in  quantity,  austere  and  biti 
before  it  comes  to  maturity,  and  insipid  when  the  Fruit  i*  perfectly  ripe.  T 
nut  is  oval  or  ovate,  like  the  fruit,  Grmly  adhering  to  the  flesh,  and  very  1m 
in  proportion  to  the  a\te  of  the  fruit.  The  juice  is  mostly  coloured  ;  and  i 
skin  does  not  separate  from  the  flesh. 

t  8.  C.  tvl«a'kis  AGU.    The  common  Chen;  Tree. 

Unuiptaliam.     Hill.  DlO..  Ho.  I.  :  K.  Du  Hud.,  ».  f.  IS. 

^nmnwi  anil  Cordis  ATanci.  Ctniui  ItIuid  MaiK*  :  i^tmui  Oiuii  Un-^.^n.-,  C.I 
tbttit  Fm.  Srn.1.  O.M.,  C.  csprowdKi  l>«.  Prod.  1.  p.6K„  Uon'i  Illll7l.  p.l07.; 
•atxkttiBiP.tiMxKlir.Brar.T.f.  yvi.  vAita.;  P.Cirtiai  tv.^ Snt- mr.t.r.tm.;  Cbn 
Kcntllta  or  Flvmiib  Chenr,  Vorella,  Mjij  Dukv ;  CvfIm  de  UoDCmarvDcr.  CflriBB  de  Pi 
Cvrlia  b  FnUTI  roi]di,  Cerliler  du  Nord,  C«rliler,  ind  OrlotUcr  Id  ioid*  nrf>TlDa«,  Pr.  ■-  S4 
KIncbc.  Get.:  Haniu  n  Cillcslo.  Hal 

DeranUiim.  Caprimiiiui  li  utd  to  bt  dsrlitd  from  copnu,  tlia  faulbaJt  unwbetii.  pmlatitj  b 
thli  chBiry  paueulTig  lo  much  more  Biiour  IbMD  C.  ijl»*itrii,    Moinllo  li  tithtr  trma  mi 

Spec.  CAar^  ^c.  Tree  small,  branches  spreading.  Flowers  in  uibtesaile  i 
bels,  not  numerous.  Leaves  oval-lanceolate,  toothed,  glabrous.  A  deci 
oua  tree,  Europe  and  Britain,  in  gardens  and  plantations.  Height  30  (t 
to  Si.  Flowers  white ;  May.  Drupe  red ;  ripe  in  July.  Decaying  lei 
red  and  yellow. 

Varietia.  —  There  are  numerous  cultivated  varieties,  which  are  dashed 
Loiseleur  in  the  Nouvce*  Du  Hamtl  in  three  (groups,  including  in   the 


XXVI.  aosa'ce^e:   ce'kasvs. 


3f  Ibcw  tbe  four  fiillowing  varieties,  which  ve  paniculanee  on  account  of 
^Mir  bring  purely  onuunenul :  — 
I  C.  s.  S  jS^r  imiplaio  Hort. — Flowera  Bemidouble. 
1  C.  f .  3  JIAre  piino  HorL — All  the  nameni  of  this  Tsriet;  are  changed 
kto  petals ;  and  the  pistilium  into  small  green  lemes,  which  occupy 
(he  centre  of  the  £ower.     The  flower  is  smaller  and  less  beautinA 
than  that  of  the  double  mfrisier ;  but,  as  the  tree  does  not  grow  so 
high,  and  as  it  can  be  grown  w  a  shrub,  it  is  suitable  for  planting  in 
■ituatioTis  where  the  other  cannot  be  introduced.     It  is  commonly 
grafted  on  the  Prinus  Mahdleb. 
T  C.  D.  4  paticifidra  Hort. — The  flowers  are  double,  and  rose-coloured. 
Tiua  mietj  wag  known  to  Bauhin  and  to  Touniefbrt,  but  is  at  pre- 
sent rare  in  gardens. 
^  C.  e-  5  J3Mt  eariegitu  Hort.  has  vari^ated  leaves. 

The  fntt^ettiing  wmetiet  are  arranged  in  the  Nomeau  Du  Hamel, 
under  the  following  heads :  — 

1.  Flesh  whitidi,  and  more  or  Ices  add;  including  the  Montmorencj' 

2.  Flesh  whitish,  and  only  very  slightly  acid ;  including  tbe  English 
duke  cherries. 

3.  Fleah  red,  including  the  griottieri,  or  morellos. 

T%e  Miovmg  telectioH  has  been  made  by  Mr.  Thompeon,  with  a 
view  of  exemplifying  the  different  forms  which  the  Tarieties  of  the 
cultirated  cherries  assume,  as  standard  trees  :  — 

Tie  Sigimetttt  is  a  tree  of  vigorous  growth,  with  large  pale  green  leaves, 
and  stout  divergent  bmnchea. 

Buttner't  TelloteiB  a  vigorous-growing  tree,  like  the  preceding,  but  with 
golden- coloured  fruit. 

Tie  Xentah  Cherry  is  a  round-headed  tree,  with  slender  shoots,  some- 
what pendulous. 

Tie  Mat/  Duke  is  a  middle-sized  or  low  tree  with  an  erect  fastigiate 
head. 

TTie  MereUo  b  a  low  tree,  with  a  spreading  head.  s<»newhat  pendulous ; 
most  prolific  in  flowers  and  iniit ;  the  utter  ripening  very  late,  and, 
T  4 


260  ARBOREIUH    ET    FltUTlCETUM    BRITANl 

from  not  being  so  greedilj'  eaten  by  the  birds 
hanging  oa  the  trees  a  long  time. 
IXOithein  is  a  dwarf  weeping  tree,  a  Brest  bearer. 
t  C  f .  6  Mariscba,  PntouB  Maratcia  Jscq.,  ii  the  v 

of  which  the  liqueur  called  Maraschino  U  made, 
been  raided  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden  in  1837. 

The  flowers  are  Bmaller  than  those  of  C.  svlv^stris, 
melting,  full  of  awaten'  sap,  more  or  [ess  lliLvoured,  and 
sibly  acid.  The  akin  of  the  fruit  is  commonlj'  red,  but,  ii 
rieties  in  cultivation^assing  into  all  the  ahiides  between  1 
purple  or  black.  The  skin  cf  all  the  varieties  of  C.  vu1| 
from  the  flesh,  and  the  flesh  parts  readily  from  the  ston 
varieties  of  C.  svlv^scris,  the  skin  is  moi'e  or  less  adhering 
flebh  to  the  stone.  (N.  DuHam.,  v.  p.  18.)  This  spec 
less  magnitude  than  that  of  C.  svlv^stris :  it  is  never  U 
state  in  Europe,  and  the  aboriginal  form  is  unknown. 

RetiuttJct  referring  to  both  SpecKi.—,lL\\t  cherry  trees  in 
in  woods  or  gardens,  may,  in  point  of  general  appearance, 
forms :  large  trees  with  stout  branches,  and  shoots  procei 
stem  horizontally,  or  slightly  inclining  upwards,  and  whei 
tb^  leaves,  bearing  a  distant  reseniblance  to  ^gantic  c«nd 
geans,  and  many  of  tbe  heart  cherries  ;  fastigiate  trees  of 
aa  thedukeE  ;  end  small  trees  with  weak  wood,  and  bran 
drooping,  such  as  the  Kentish  or  Flemish  cherries,  end 
leaves  vary  so  much  in  the  cultivated  varieties,  that  it  is  ii 
tcrise  the  sons  by  them  ;  but.  in  general,  those  of  the  lai^ 
und  the  lightest  in  colour,  and  those  of  the  slender-branche 
and  the  darkest  in  colour  ;  (he  flowers  are  also  largest  on  ' 
distinction  of  two  species,  or  races,  is  of  very  Utile  use 
cherries  as  fruit-bearing  plants ;  but,  as  the  wild  sort,  i 
distinct,  when  found  in  its  naiive  habitats,  from  the  chen 
dens,  it  seems  worth  while  to  keep  them  apart,  with  a  v 
end  ornamental  plantm);.  For  this  reason,  also,  we  havi 
perflorens,  C.  Pseiido-Cerasus,  C.  serrulata,  and  C.  C 
chough  we  arc  convinced  that  thev  are  nothing  more 
consequence  of  its  rapid  growth,  tlie  red-fruited  varieC; 
ferred  where  the  object  is  timber,  or  where  slocks  at 
fruit  trees  of  large  siie.  As  a  coppice-wood  tree,  the  stc 
mpidly ;  and,  as  a  timber  tree,  it  will  attain  its  full  dze,  in 
in  50  years.  Its  mte  of  growth,  in  the  first  10  years,  will 
circumstances,  18  in.  a  year.  There  are  various  trees  in 
of  London  upwards  of  60  tt.  high;  one  on  the  Cotswold 
of  the  Earl  of  Harrowby,  is  85  ft.  high.  The  wood  of 
sylvestris)  is  firm,  strong,  close-grained,  and  of  a  reddish 
when  green,  6 1  lb.  13  oz.  per  cubic  foot ;  and  when  dry, 
loses  m  the  process  of  drying  about  a  16th  part  of  its  1 
■oft  and  easily  worked,  and  it  takes  a  line  polish.  It  is  n 
cabinetmakers,  turners,  end  musical  instrument  makers. 


France,  where  mahogany  is  much  less  common  than  ii 
of  the  ch^ry  is  a  favourile  with  almost  every  body, 
children.  The  distillers  of  liqueurs  make  great  use  of 
spirit  known  as  kirschewasser  is  distilled  from  them  after 
both  a  wine  and  a  vinegar  are  made  by  bruising  the  fruit  i 
allowing  the  mass  to  undergo  the  vinous  fermentation.  Th< 
b  a  celebrated  liqueur,  which  is  made  from  a  large  black  gee 
the  best  kirschewasser  is  made  j  and  the  marasthino  from 
found  in  DalmaCia.    The  preparation  of  these  will  be  fount 


B.  Speeitt  or  Varietiet  cMoated  at  ornamental  or  aaioitt. 
]j  3.  C.  (t.)  SBMPBBixo'iiEns  Dec.    The  e»er-flowering  Cherry  Tree. 

n.Ff..4.p.«l.,«idPro*.,i.i,.lin.:  Don-iMII1..I  n.l*. 
■niEwBemii  Ekrk.  Briir. 
I  AUulnM  CbcITj  1    drUi 


DuiulDl,  CiriM  de  SI.  Hutln,  Cfrbt 


/ 


^w.  Char.,  ie.     Bnnchn  drooping.    Leave*  o»8te,  Berrated.     Flowers  pro- 
truded late  in  the  teaion,  axillary,  tolitary.    Calyx  lerrated.    Fniils  globoo, 
and  red.     It«  naliTe  country  Dot  known.   (Dec.  Fnd.)     A  low  pendulous 
t«e.     Height  10  ft.  to  20  ft.     A  garden  produo 
tion.    Cultivated  in  ?  1700.     Flowers  white  i  May. 
Drupe  led  :  July  and  August. 
An  ornamental  tree,  usually  grafted  standard  high 

on  (he    common   wild    cherry,  or  gean ;    growing 

rapidly   for  8  or   10  years,   and   forming   a  rouod 

head,  8  or  10  feet  high,and  10  or  12  feet  in  diameter, 

with  the  extremities  of  the  branchea  drooping  to 

the  ground  ;  and  flowering  and  truitbg  aloiost  the 

whole  summer.  It  forms  a  truly  desirablestnall  single 

tree  for  a  lawn. 

T   4.  C.  ibrrulaV*  G.Don.  The  serrulated- frmwd 
Cherry  Tree. 

Irwrmrma.  >riUini  «n^'lEi«  iip'rfl,  Uorl.  iviu.  J.  p.  '  M9.  j 
«iiaa«CM»HChcrr);  Vuni-To,  C*|w^ 


282  ARBORETUM    £T   TRUTICETUM   1 

^Dfc.  Char.,  ^e.  Leaves  obovate,  acuniinBted,  • 
glabroui.  Petioles  glandular.  Flowers  in  fasc 
erect  tree,  or  rather  tree-like  shnib,  China.  H 
ia  British  gardens  eft.  to  lOfl.  Introduced 
white.  tingM  with   red,  though  not  to  nuct 

ThU  tree  resembles  the  common  cherej'  tree, 
growth  ;  and  only  the  double- flowered  vanet;  of 
A  very  onuunentkl  plant. 

r  5.  C.  Psku^o-Ce'rasus  Undl.    The 

UaUffleaUan.    Hon.  BriL.  > 


Spec.  Char.,  ^.     Learea  oboTste,  i 

Flowers  racemose.     Branches  and  peduncles  f 

Fruit  small,  pale  red,  of  a  pleasant  subacid  flai 

a  small  smooth  stone.  {Dm^t  MSt.)  A  low  tre 

Height  S  ft.  to  10  ft.      Introduced   in   1819. 

white ;  March  and  April.    Fruit  pale  red ;  ripe 

This  tree  is  readily  known  from  the  other  chi 

even  when  without  its  leaves,  hy  its  rough  gibbou) 

which  it  readily  strikes  root;  and  is,  conseque 

easily  propagated.     It  has  been  tried  by  Mr.  Kn 

fruit  tree  ;  and  he  finds  that  it  forces  in  pots  be 

any  other  *ariety.     De^rable  for  small  gardens,  o 

of  its  ^ery  early  flowering. 

■  6.  C.  CaiHjECB'itMiis  Lait.     The  Ground 

UtiU^loaieM.    LoU.taN.DnlUn^S.p.ia.i  D«.Pn)d,t.i 

Siptpmpnri.  C.  InUrniMlil  Llil.  hi  W.  Da  Ham.  S.  p.SO.  ; 
p.  fS*.  I  P.  IhiUctu  /■oU.,  u9»TdlDg  la  Baur  i  Ctruui  pOn 
Hou- ;  OunccCruiu  rmllrttu Pm,  Syn.  Xd-Vl. 

Bufmtxf-    N.Du  tUiii.,«.p.«9.t.S.r.  Ai  HifiH  AbMM.. 

Spec.   Char.,  ^e.      Leaves  ovate-oblong,   glabroi 


glanded.  Floweri  in  umbeU,  which  are  usua 
on  peduncles,  but  short  ones.  Pedicels  of  t 
fruit  longer  than  the  leaves.  Fruit  round,  r«ldi 
purple,  very  acid.  (Dec.  Prod  )  A  neat  little  shn 
Siberia  and  Germany.  Height  3ft,  to  4  ft.  lntr< 
in  1587.  Flowers  white ;  May.  Drupe  reddi 
purple  i  ripe  in  August. 

It  forms  a  neat  little  narrow-leaved  bush,  whii 
when  grafted  standard  high,  becomes  a  small  roui 
beaded  tree  with  drooping  branches,  at  once  curio 
and  ornamental.  It  does  not  grow  above  s  foui 
part  of  the  sire  of  C.  semperflorens ;  and,  like  it, 
Dowers  and  fruits  during  great  part  of  the  summei 

ji  7.  C.  prostra'ta  Ser.     The  prostr 

Seringa  In  Dec,  ProJ..  1  p.  BSfl. ;  Don'i  Mill.,  3 

Spec.  Char.,  Ifc.  Decumbent.  Leaves  ovate,  ser 
lose,  and  hoary  beneath.  Flowers  mostly  soli 
tubular.    Petals  ovate,  retuse,  rose-coloured. 


XXVI.  rosacek:   ce'basus. 

(Dec.  Prod.)     A  prostrate 

■hrub.   Native  of  tne  inoun- 

taioB  of  Candia,  of  Mount 

LebuKJQ,    aod    of   Siberia.  . 

Height  ^  ft.  to  I  ft.     Intro-  { 

duced    m    1808.       Flowers 

rose-coloured ;     April    and 

Maj,   Drupe  red  ;  ripe  July, 

A  Tei7  dedrabk  Bpedet  for 
paflmg  ataodaid  high  on  the 
cnniDDD  cherry.  The  red  co- 
lour of  the  flowers  is  very  un- 

T  8.  C.  FEBSiciFo'Lii  Lou.     The  Peach-tree-leaTed  Cherry  Tree. 


%—rw.   Piiuafnieifti\MJir^.Arb.i.v.Kb. 
&ri*(I.     Oo.jJ(.  MC.IOjSi.OOO, 

^Kc.  Ciar.,  S/c.  Leaves  orate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  unequally  serrate,  glu- 
broiu,  with  two  glands  upon  the  petiole.  Flowers  numerous,  upon  slender 
peduncles,  and  disposed  umbellately.  {Bee.  Prod.)  A  deciduous  tree. 
FAmenca.  Hei^t  30  ft.  to  50  ft.  Introduced  In  1618.  Flowers  white; 
Majr.  Drupe  small,  black;  ripe  in  July. 

A  rtpidly  growing  tree,  UUuoing  the  height  of  the  common  wild  chenr, 
and  btaring  so  close  a  reaemhiance  to  it  in  almost  every  retpect,  tint  it  u 
probablT  only  a  Tarietr  of  it.  Tliere  are  trees  of  this  kind  ol  cherry  in  the 
Jirdia  des  Plantes  at  Paris,  of  a  pyramidal  form,  with  a  reddish  brown  smooch 
bark.  Bowers  about  the  giie  of  those  of  C.  MakhUb,  and  fruit  about  the  siie 
The  wood  is  said  to  be  harder  and  redder  than  that  of  the  common 
cherry.     It  was  raised  from  seeds  sent  from  America  by  Michaux. 


wildXi 


p.US.1  DDn'iMI]].,  : 

■S— ry-    iYilDui  bDrailli  Pm 

e,  membranaceous,  glabrous, 
:  they  resemble  those  of  the 

common  almond  tree,  hut  hare  the  serralures 

indexed,  protuberant,  and  tipped  with  minute 

gUndulous  macros.    Flowers  on  longish  pe- 

dictls,  and  dltposed  nearly   in  a   corymbose 

manner.     Fruit  nearly  ovate,  small ;  its  flesh 

red,  (Dec.  Prod.)     A  small  tree.     Northern 

part»  of   North   America.      Height  20  ft.  to 

30  ft.,  with  a  trunk  6  in.  to  8  in.  in  diameter. 

Introduced  in  I8SS.     Flowers  white;    May. 

Drupe  red;  ripe  in  July. 

Of  all  the  cherries   of  North   America,  Mi- 
chaui  observes,  the  C.  horealia 
has  the  greatest   analogy   with   the   cultivated  i 
ctierry   of  Europe.     Pursh   describes   i 
'cry  handsome  small  tree,  the  wood  exquisitely 
hard  and  fine-«rained  ;  but  the  cherries,  though 
>(Tee«ble  to  the  taste,  astrin^nt  in  the  moulh, 
and  hence  called  choke  cherries. 

-«  10.  C.  PUMiLA  Midu:     The  dwarf  Cherry  Tree. 

"       ■       ■         ""  ■  --      -        -  T.  1  Donl  Mill. 


*  ilak,  ax :  Rigwnnln'tr.  Men,  H^  ilu  Cuudi.  Fr.' 


284  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

£<Vr«tiVf.    Kill.  IaiD..l.U.t*.i  md  our  j((.U>. 
Spec,  Ckar.,^c,    Branches  twiggy,    LeaTes  obo- 

vate-oblong,  upright,  glabrous,  indistincil;  ser- 

rulaced,    glaucous    beneath.      Flowers    upon  f 

peduncles,  disponed  rather  umheltatelv.  Calyx 

betl-ahaped.  short.     Fruit  ovate,  black.   (Dec, 

Prod,)     A  low  somewhat  procunibent  shrub. 

North  Ajuerica,  in  PeDnsytvania  and  Virginia, 

in  low  grounds  and   swamps.      Height  3  ft. 

to  4  ft.    Introduced  in  1756.     Flowers  white; 

May.     Drupe  black;  ripe  in  Julj. 

A  curious  and  rather  handsome  tree,  whm 
grafted  standard  high ;  and  a  fit  companion  (or 
the  otberdwarf  sona,  when  bo  grafted.  Sir  W. 
3.  Hooker  auspects  this  to  be  the  same  u  C. 

depr^ssa.  It  lias  been  compared,  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker  observes,  in  its  general 
habit,  to  ^m^gdalus  nina ;  and  such  a  comparinon  is  equally  aj^licable  to  C. 
depr^sea.  (Fl.  Bar.  Ataer.,  i.  p.  167.) 

^  11.  C.   (p.)  DEPRB'gsi  Ph,     The  depressed,  arfnatiaU,  Cherry  Tree. 

Uen^fieatiim.    Punh  Fl.  Amar.  Sept.,  I.  p.  m.  i  Dee.  PniL.l.  p. us.  i  Kook.  F1.  Bor. , 


"iara.; 


SSiljiS 


Spec.  Char.,  IfC.     Branches  angled,  depressed,  prostrate.     Leaves 
cuneaie- lanceolate,  Bpsringly  serrate,  glabrous,  glaucous  beneath. 
Flowers  in  grouped  sessile  umbeln,  few  in  an  umbel.     Fruit 
ovate.    (DrM.   Prod.)     A  prostrate   ihrub.      North   America, 
from  Canada  to  Virginia,  od  the  sandy  shores  of  rivers  am] 
lakes.     Height   1  ft.      Introduced  in   1805,      Flowers  white ; 
May.     Drupe  black,  small,  and  agreeably  tasted :  ripe  in  July. 
In  America  it  is  called  the  sand  cherry,  and  said  to  be  distin- 
guished at  sight  from  all  the  other  species,  not  leas  by  its  prostrate 
habit,  than  by  its  glaucous  leaves,  which  bear  some  resemblance 
in  shape  to  those  of  Jmygdalus  nana;  and,  according  to  Sir  W. 
J.  Hooker,  to  those  of  C.  pilniila. 

■  I?.  C.  pvgmx'a  Loii,     The  pygmy  Cherry  Tree. 

UnUfieaUOm.    Lgli.  In  N.  Du  Hbis.,  D.  p.  31,  uid  91.  ;  Dec.  Prod.,  1  p.  US. 

Snaqniu.    Jhilnui  iiyKin"'"  (Ki/M.  Sp.  i.  p.  SaS.,  Punk  ^  Amrr.  SrjxL  i . 

Alfraniif.    Oat  ft-  467.  Inm  a  iptcliMO  In  Itie  Ijunlnrtlto  herburluia. 

^c.  Char.,  4-c.  Leaves  orBte-elliptical,  but  tapered  to  the  base, 
and  rather  acute  at  the  tip,  sharply  serrated,  glabrous  on  both 
surfaces,  and  with  2  glands  at  the  base.  Flowers  of  the  size  of 
those  of  P.  spinosa,  disposed  in  sessile  umbels,  a  few  in  an 
umbel.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  low  shrub.  Western  parts  of  Pen- 
sylvBuia  and  Virginia.  Height  4  ft.  to  5  ft.  Introduced  i 
1823.  Flowers  white;  May.  Drupe  black,  of  the  size  of 
large  pea,  a  little  succulent,  and  very  indifferent  to  the  taste; 
ripe  in  July,  «i.  twp— » 

«  X   13.  C.  Ni'cRA  Loii.     The  black  Cherry  Tree. 

WntHJfealftw.     N.  Du  HinJ.a.  JiS!.  i   Dm.  Prod,  Ip.SW.j  Don'i  Mill,,  J.  p.BlS. 

^wjiyiivi.     Prtinui  nigra  y<il,  Horl.  Knr.  H  cd.  I,  p.  199..  Puttk  Fl.  Amcr.  Seft,  1.  p.ni,i    ^■ 

trattiiiat  DarlmfUmla  Amtr.  Lye.  If.  U.  lifUlit  Ya-k. 
EmtntiMgt.    flo(.  Mug..  I- 1117.;  md  our  A'- <M,  4ie. 

Spec.  Char.,  S/c.  Leaf  with  2  glands  upon  the  petiole,  and  the  disk  ovate- 
acuminate.  Flowers  in  sessile  uiabels,  few  in  an  umbel.  Calvx  purple  i 
it«  lobes  obtuse,  and  their  margins  glanded.  {Dec.  Prod.)     A   tall  shrub  or 


I 


XXVI.   eosacea:  ce'rasus.  28i 

low  tree.    Canada  and  the  Alle* 
ghuij  MountainB.      Hnght  6  ft. 
to    10  ft.     Introduced  in   1773. 
Flowers  white,  with  purple  an- 
thers.    Drupe  red ;  Apnl,  May. 
The  Iruit,  which,  as  for  ai  we 
know,  haa  not  been  produced  jn 
England,  ia  dew;ribed  by  Sir  W.  J. 
Hooker  u  being  ai  large  aa  a  mo. 
derate-siled  cherry,  and,  appareutly , 
red.   In  British  gardens  this  forma  a  very  handsome amali  "•■  '^••v^ 

tree,  dittinguished  ei-en  in  winier  by  the  smoothneaa  and  dark  colour  of  it 
young  wood,  and  in  this  respect  resembling  more  a  plum  than  «  cherry. 
^  14.  C.  btkma'us  Mkki.    The  winter  Cherry  Tree. 

p.  JM.iDec.Piod.,!. 


I>an'ilfm..l.p.; 
Cl.  p.  Ml. ;  Dm  talui 


i^'.  ' 


Spec.  Char^  Ifc.  Leaves  oblong-oval,  c 
oTil,  abruptly  acuminate.  Flowers  gk 
bnms,  (Uaposed  umbellatejy.  Lobes  of 
the  cal  VI  lanceolate.  Fruit  nearly  ovate, 
and  blackiBb.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  ahrub. 
Western  mountains  of  Virginia  and  Ca- 
rolina. Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced 
ia  1805.  Flowers  white  ;  May.  Drupe 
oDall,  black,  and  extremely  aatringent, 
bot  eatable  in  winter ;  ripe  in  October, 


•  IS.  C.  c; 


Mkhx.     The  Chicuaw  Cherry  Tree. 


™AP.  IW. ;    D™.  P™I..  1  n,  MS. ;  Don't  Mill.,  1,  p.  BU 
lAildtlk  WaiL  CaroL  :  ChkluMW  Plum,  m  Caniina. 
^^rfg^   Our  A.  46],  Item  >  Urtog  ipedon  In  LocUI(h-i 

Sptc.Char..^c.  Branches  glabrous,  becoming  rather 
winy.  Leaves  oblong-oval,  acute,  or  acuminate. 
Flowas  upon  very  short  peduncles,  and  mostly 
m  pairs.  Calyx  glabrous,  its  lobes  very  abort. 
Fruit  nearly  globose,  small,  yellow.  {Dec.  Prod.) 
Aahmb.  Carolina  and  Virginia.  Height  6  ft. 
lDErod.1606.  Flowerawhite;AprilandMay,  Drupe 
small,  yellow,  and  agree- 
ably tasted ;  ripe  in  July. 
1*  Sir  W.  J,  Hooker  observes  '"'  "■'''''" 

k     tliB'splantwhichherecdvedunderthisnaraeappeared 
■^     to  him  identical  with  C.  borealis ;  the  plants  in  the  Lon- 
don  gardens  are  very  diflerent,  resembling  much  more 
1^  closely  the  common  sloe,  as  will  appear  by  our  figure. 

.■  16.  C.  fdsb'scens  Ser.    The  pubescent  Cherry  Tree. 


ntam)  lodjtf.  ta.  rmn  i  •pHtanoi  in  tu>  •.•uiurituu  mruviDi 
Spee.Char^Sfc.  Young  branchei  pubescent.  Leaves w 


286  ARBORETUM    ET    FllUTlCETUM    BniTANNICUU. 

the  disk  shortly  oml,  serrulated,  and  usually  with  2  glands  at  its  base. 
Flowers  in  sessile  umbeli,  few  in  an  umbel ;  pedicels  and  caljies  pubescent. 
Fruit  upon  a  short  pedicel,  ^obose,  brownish  purple,  austere.  {Dec,  Pivd.) 
A  low  shrub.  Western  parta  of  Pennsylvaniu,  on  the  borders  of  lakes. 
Height  1  ft.  to  3  (I.  lutruduced  in  1S80.  Flowers  white  ;  April  and  Haj. 
Drupe  brownish  purpie,  very  astringent  (  ripe  in  July. 


I  17.  C. 


K  Lcii.     The  Pennsylvanian  Cherry  Tree, 


UrmJf/Icalion.  Lull,  la  N.  Du  Hain^  (.0.9.,  Dec.  I 
RgmmfTntl.  PriXn^it  p«nn»vltinlcm  L.fiL  Sumt.  p.  ^' 
tflflnlcm  IVilU.  Baum.  wflt.  [Sll,  p.  ilO.  i  J>,  liiiiiwi 
E^mingi.    Abb.  Ceorg.  ]□■.,  loL.  i.  p.  W.  I.  M.  i  m 


at  the  base 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  with  two  glands 
of  the  dink,  which  ia  oblong-lanceolate, 
and  glabrous.  Flowers  disposed  in  grouped  sessile 
umbels,  which  have  aometning  of  tne  cWacter  of 
panicles. (Z)fi'.  Proif.)  A  shrub.  North  America, from 
Mew  England  to  Virginia,  in  wooda  and  phintations. 
Height  6  ft.  to  8  ft,  Introduced  in  ITT3.  Flowera 
white  ;  May.  Drupe  block,  amall,  but  agreeable  to 
eat ;  ripe  in  July. 

Sir  W.  J.  Hooker  considers  this  aort  at  lynonyuioua 
with  C.  borealiB  Michx.,  in  which  he  may  probably  be 
correct.  We  have,  however,  kept  them  dutinct ;  not 
only  because  the  whole  genua  appears  iu  a  state  of  con- 
fuston,  but  because,  though  C.  pennsylvanica  in  sakl  to 

haVe  been  introduced  in  1773,  we  have  never  seen  the  ph .. 

and,  consequently,  feel  unable  to  give  any  decided  opinion  respecti 
M  IB.  C.  jkvo'mca  Lcu.     The  Japan  Cherry  Tree. 

IdrallJIailkm.    LdIl  In  N.  Du  Hun.,  C.  p.SS.  i  Dod'i  Mill.,  1,  p.  I,]4. 
Siruntntt.    i'tiinui  )ipte1ci  Tknnt.  A.Jof.  p.  9ai.,uiil  Umll.  In  Sol.  Rtg.  t.  IE 

Engravrngi.    Bat.  Rva..  1.  IS01.,  f rom  ■  pknt  pvnn  Id  irnan-faouH;  undOBT  JL 
a  plAot  EravB  In  lh«  open  dr. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^.  Leaves  ovate,  acu- 
minated, glabrous,  shining.  Pe- 
dunclet  Bolitary.  Lobes  of  calyx  ■ 
shorter  than  the  tube.  {Don't  \ 
Mill.)  A  slender  ahrub,  some- 
what tender.  China.  Height  2  ft. 
to  4  ft.  Introd.  1810.  Flowers 
pale  blush-coloured,  produced  in 
profusion   on    numerous   slender 

Ejrplisli  or    brownish  red  twigs  ; 
^  ^  larch  to  May.   Drupe  ?.    Naked  ,^  , 

•H.  c^Hpsnu.  young  wood  brownish  red. 

■■  C.  j.   2  midtiplei  8er.     jJmygdaliis  piimlla  Imi. 
Maal.l\.,Bol.Mag.  t.  8176,,  and  of  the 
,  Hammersmith  and  other  nurseries.     (Our 
/  fig'-  467,  and  468.)  —  Flowers  semidoublc, 
'   pink  like  those  of  the  species. 

There  are  two  shrubs  in  firitiah  nuraeries 
often  confounded  under  the  name  of  A. 
pilraila.  The  one  is  that  now  described, 
which  may  be  known  at  any  season  by  the 
,.  purplish  or  brownish  red  colour  of  the 
bark  of  its  young  shoots ;  and,  in  summer, 
by  its   glabrous   finely   serrated   leaves,   which    have   a 


XXVI.  rosa'ces:   ce'rasds-  287 

redduh  tinge  on  their  margins,  and  on  the  midribs.    The  other,  C.  si- 
oenaia  described  below,  the  fViin  js  japonics  of  Ker.  and  of  the  Ham- 

meremith  and  other  nurseries,  may  he  known  in  the  winter  season  by 
the  light  green  or  greyish  colour  of  the  bark  of  its  ;oun[;  shoots ;  by 
its  lareer,  paler-coloured,  and  comparatively  rugose  leaves,  doubly  or 
coarsdy  serrnted ;  and  by  its  more  comjiact  habit  of  growth.  The 
flowers  of  this  sort  are  also  on  longer  peduncles.  resEnibling  those  ofa 
cherry  ;  while  the  Sowers  of  C.  jap.  mbltiplei,  the  .^mygdiilus  pumilii 
or  double  dwarf  almund  of  the  nurseries,  have  much  shorter  peduncles, 
and  are  sometimes  nearly  sessile,  giving  the  plant  more  the  appear- 
ance of  a  PruQus  than  that  of  a  Cerasus.  The  C.  j'ap^nica  multiplex 
has  been  In  cnltiiation  in  British  gardens,  under  the  name  of  Ant<jg- 
dalus  piimila,  since  the  duya  of  Bishop  Compton  ;  and,  though  it  h 
stated  in  books  to  hare  been  introduced  from  Africa,  there  can  be 
Qttle  doubt  of  its  being  of  Asiatic  origin.  The  great  < 
which  exists  respecting  these  two  plan 
induced  us  to  exaiuine,  with  paniculkr  al 

that  are  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  and  in  the  Hammer 
smith  Nursery.  In  tfie  former  garden,  there  was  (June  10.  1837)  u 
Cerasua  japdnica  in  its  single  state,  but  not  in  its  double  blate  i  the 
plant  bearing  the  name  of  (.'.jap6nicafldre  pleno  being  unquestionably 
the  C.  sin £i^is  described  below,  the  /Vilnus  japonica  of  the  nurseries. 
In  the  Hammersmith  Nursery,  there  were  then  some  dozens  of  plants 
of  Cjap6nica  multiplex,  there  called  i4m^gdalusptimila,  or  the  double 
dwarf  almond,  growing  in  parallel  nuraery  lines,  with  some  dozens 
of  plants  of  C.  sinensis,  there  called  PrilDus  japdnlea,  or  the  double 
Chuiese  almond.  We  have  considered  it  necessary  tube  thusparticalar, 
la  justify  us  for  having  de?bted  from  the  Bot.  Mag,  and  Bat.  Reg. 
M  19.  C.  binb'nsis   G.  Don.     The  Chinese  Cherry. 

ifmtmt.   i-rHavt  i^riaiU  Ker  In  Bel.  J1».  t.  n. 
EtpnOHI.    But.  Bc(.,  I.  ir. ;  toA  our  A.  U». 

Spa.  Clior,,ic.  Leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  doubly  serrated,  wrinkled  from  veins 
beneath.  Peduncles  sub^ggregule.  (Don'i  MiH.)  A  highly  ornamental 
low  shrub.  China.  Height  3  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  in  1810.  Flowers  semi- 
double,  red  above,  and  white  underneath,  produced  In  great  profusion  on 
the  preceding  year's  branches ;  Afoil  and  Hay. 
There  is  no  single  state  of  this  species  in 

Britain,  but  there  was  in  IB36  a  plant  of  the 

ilonble  variety  against  a  wall  in  the  Hort,  Soc. 

Garden,  named  C.  japonica  flore  pleno;  and, 

as  noticed  under  the  preceding  species,  there 

were  many  plants  in  the  Hammersmiih  Nur- 
sery, under  the  name  of  P.  japonica,  or  the 

douUe  Chinese  almond.     The  plant  is  some- 
what more  tender  than  C.  j.  gifiltiplex,  which 

is  veil  known  in  gardens  as  a  hardy  border 

thrub;  and,  except  in  favourable  situations, 

it   requires    to   be   planted  antinst   a   wull.  / 

Though  C.  sinensis  and  C.  japonica  are  qiute  ^ 

diniuct,  there  is  nothbg  in  that  distinctness, 

u  it  appears  to  us,  to  determine  that  they  are 

not  varieties  of  the  same  species.  41^    t«viuri>>ima. 

■  20.  C.  JALi'ciNA  G.  Don.     The  Willow-froueJ  Cherry  Tree. 
Uaili/kMiiam.    Don'i  Mill.,  I.  p.6U. 

Umfma.    PrfUaa  nlldni  LlBdl.  b)  llcTI.  Tnau. ;  Ctilni-Clio-Lee.  or  TuDg-Cligli.L«,  CMjUK. 
Imgiiibit.    fit.  A-n.  riDm  1  ■pKimm  In  tbc  licrlurlilm  of  Or.  Llndls;. 

Sptt.  Qtar.,  Ifc,     Flowers  usually  solitary,  shorter  than  the  leaves.     Leaves 


ARBORETUM    ET   FBUTICETUM 

obovate,  acum  inate< 
Stipules  sLibulate, 
glandular,  length 
of    the     petiole. 

^  Petiole  glundless. 

(Don'i  MUJ.)  A 
^^rub.  China. 

Height  4  fl.  to  G  ft. 

Introd.  in  1833. 
^  The  flowers  Bmall, 

and  white.   Brupe 

about  the  size  of 
(TO.  cfeanniidK  that  of  the  Diyro- 

bslan  plum. 

Speaet  belonging  to  the  preceding  Sabdivition  | 
Ph5shta  Hamill,,  PrOnuB  t«rBaoides  D.  Don.,  C 
PI.  Rar,  ii.  t.  I4S. :  and  our  fig.  471.),  is  a  na 
like  that  of  the  common  cherry,  and  wood  wt 
timber.  The  Hovers  are  of  a  pale  rose  colou 
height  of  20  or  30  feet.  C  glaadtd&ia,  C  6mvTa, 
ihnibs,  with  roae-coloured  flowers,  described 
Moria.,  a. native  of  Sardinia. 

5  il  Padi  t^'  Ser.     The  true  Bird-C 

Seef,  Char.     Flowers  produced  upon  the  shoots 

the  flowers ;  the  latter  disposed  racemoselj. 

A.  Specie!  of  Bird-Ckerri/  Tree$  alreadif  i 
i  81.  C.  Maoa^leb  Mill.    The  Mabaleb,  < 

.    MiU.  plcC..l 

_.-„ -„-    ,_..:_'': "J*o)".'FrAniu., . 

li[»dii.,Toi.t.i  umouiA.  in. 

Spec,   Char.,  Sfc.      Leavea    cordately   ovate. 

Flowers  in  leafy  subcorymbose  racemes.     Fr 

round.  (Dec.  Prod.)     A  small  tree.     Middle 

mon  in  Fmnce,  espectally  in  the  mountainoui 

8t.  Lucie,  whence  the  French  name.     Heig 

gardens  20ft.  to  SOU.     Introduced  in  I7H 

May.     Drupe  black  j  ripe  in  July. 

Vanetiet.     Besides  one  with  variegated  leaves,  1 

T  C.  M.  2  fr&clu  flaw  Hort.  —  Fruit  yell 

variety  in  the  garden  of  the  Horticult 

T  C.  M.  3  latijolium  Hort.  —  Leaves  broat 

A  handgome  small  tree,  irith  a  white  bark,  a 

leaves  somewhat  resembling  those  of  the  con 

green.      The  wood,  the  leaves,  the  flowers, 

scented ;  the  flowers  so  much  so  h  not  to  bi 

wood  is  hard,  brown,  veined,  and  susceptible 

less  powerful,  and  more  agreeable,  when  it  is  t 

In  a  dry  state  it  weighs  59  lb.  4  oz.  per  cubic 

sought  after  by  cabinetmakers,  on  account  of  i 

fine  polish  which  it  receives.     In  Austria  it  is 

tubes  of  tobacco  pipes.     In  France  the  mahaleb 

graft  the  diflerent  kinds  of  fruit-bearing  cherrie 

taget  of  growing  on  a  very  poor  soil ;  of  comii 


XXVI.  bosa'cc^:  ce'rasus. 


.  a  the  grafting  season  U  prolonged ; 

md,  lasily,  of  dwarfing  ihe  planti  grafted  on  it.  In  British  gardens,  it  h  parity 
used  for  this  purpose,  but  priacipally  as  an  oraamental  shrub  or  low  tree.  As 
in  the  rase  rf  other  dwarf  species  of  a  genua  which  will  unite  to  a  tall  robust- 
groiring  tpeaea,  the  mahaleb,  when  girafted  on  the  common  wild  cherry  (C. 
ijhettna),  ^xiws  to  a  larger  tree  than  when  on  its' own  roots.  The  uianaleb 
will  grow  in  any  poor  soil  that  is  dry,  even  in  the  most  arid  sands  and  naked 
dialks{  and,  as  it  fbnns  a  low  bushy  tree  which  is  capable  of  resisting  the 
wind,  it  may  be  planleil  in  an  exposed  siCuacion.  When  young  plants  are  to 
be  raised  from  seed,  the  fruit  is  sown  as  soon  as  ripe,  or  preaercetl  among  sand 
tin  the  following  spring,  in  the  same  manner  as  that  of  the  cherry.  Seedling 
^nta  generally  grow  1  1%.  in  length  the  Griit  year,  and  1  ft.  to  18  in.  the  second. 
lie  tree  may  abo  be  propagat^  by  layers  ;  by  slips  from  the  Rtool,  taken  off 
whh  a  few  roots  attached  )  and  by  suckers,  or  by  cuttings  from  the  roots. 

I  22.  C.  PA-Dts  Dec.     The  Bird-Cherry  Tree. 

ttalfauKia.    DccFI.  Fr..t  p-BWi  Prod.,  a.  p.US,:  Don'i  HIU_  !.  p.9in. 

%»iii|rTi.  Pitjimm<a  Lin.  Sp.sn.,  Hook.  Bril.nariL,p.lx.,  Smilk  Emg.  FlBrii.t.f.V4.i 
Blra  CtaafTT.  Fowl  Cbpny  ;  Hsg.belT*.  Sati.  :  Orul«-  S  GrAppM.  M4r1i^t  I  Grsppe*.  Ltarier^ 
PiKlcr.  n  PulM,  (Bn  Bd<>  da  SM.  Lucia,  Fr. :  Hig-blai.  Swabi* :  Tnubnlni  Klncke,  Otr. ; 
COi*^  nmim>,luL 

Spec.  Char^  ^.  Leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  some- 
what acuminate,  thin,  serrulate,  with  the  teeth 
rather  spreading.  Racemes  long,  leafy.  Fruit 
round,  bitter.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  low  tree.  Indi- 
genous in  most  parts  of  Central  Europe,  and  as 
&r  north  as  Lapland.  Height  \Z  ft  to  40  ft. 
Flowers  white  :  AprilandMay.  Drupe  black  ; 
ripe  in  Jnly.  Decaying  leaves  greenisli  vellow, 
or  mldtHfa.  Naked  young  wood  purplisn,  with 
wfaite  spots. 

Vaiietie: 

I   C.  P.  1  vuigarii  Ser.    C.  Padua  Dec.  N. 
Du  Htm.  V.  t.  1.  —  This  kind  has  large 


flowers  loosely  disposed  upon  long  pe-  ''^^     ^^^y^~ 
dicels,  and  black  fiiiit.  I  ^-'■ 

T   C.  P.   2  parvi/ira  Ser.  ((Ed.  Fl.   Dan.,         ' 

-  a03.)—Tbw  has  smaller  ilowers.upon 


jK. 


shoner  pedicels,  which  are  disposed  more  densely ;  and  black  fruit. 


ET   FRUTICETUM  : 

C.  P.  3  raira  Ser.    (Our  i%.473.)  — Thi 

i^duH  fructu  rubro  of  Dec.  and  of  I 

AU.  Hort.  Xeu?.,  Sd  ed.  p.  399.,  it  ie  the 

337.  t.  4.  f.  2. 

X  C.  F.  4  bracUdta  Set,  PiduB  racemdsui 

variety,  distinguished  by  iti  long  racen 

diceli  furoished  with  long  bractess  at 

which  the  latter  ere  bent  down,  both 

the  fruit  is  ripe,  eo  ai  to  give  the  whole 

A  Terjr  handsome  Bmall  tree  or  large  bush.     T 

imooth,  and  loniewhat  glaucous  ;  and  their  set 

that  of  rue.    The  flowers  are  of  a  pure  white, 

racemes,  making  an  elegant  appearance  in  aprinj 


night.  The  fruit  is  small,  black,  sitstere,  and  bl 
nut.  "  Birds  of  several  kinds  soon  devour  this  1 
probably  dangerous  to  mankind;  though,  perha 
laurel,  not  of  so  deadly  a  quality  as  the  essential 
leaves."  (Eng.  Flora,  ii.  p.  3bi.)  The  tree  gr< 
taining  the  height  of  10  or  12  feet  in  5  or  6  y( 
head,  and  bean  pruning,  it  allows  the  grass  to  g 
hard  and  yellowish,  and.  in  a  green  state,  it  has 
and  tajite  ;  whence  the  French  name  puiiet,  frol 
after  in  France  by  the  cabinetmakers  and  turners 
hs  vrining  by  sawing  out  the  boards  diagonally, 
trunk,  instead  of  parallel  with  its  length.  The  fi 
taste  when  eaten  fresh  from  the  tree,  ^ves  an  i 
and  is  sometimes  added  to  home-made  wines.  It 
also  in  some  parts  of  Russia,  the  bruised  fruit  is  fen 
distilled  from  it.  In  Britain,  the  principal  use  of  the 
mental  tree ;  and  few  make  a  iiner  appearance  thitn  j 
in  April  and  May;  or  in  August,  when  covered 
black  fruit.  It  comes  into  flower  a  little  before 
and  about  the  same  time  as  the  5ijrbus  oucuparia 
The  bird  clierry  prefers  a  dry  soil ;  but  it  will  not 
BB  the  perfumed  cherry.  It  will  grow  in  almost  s 
a  timber-iike  size,  it  requires  the  shelter  either  ol 
at^oining  trees.     The  species  is  propagated  by  set 


XXVI.  rusa^cem:  ce'basus.  ^1 

m  tU  mpecti  like  those  of  C.  Ma&alet.  The  red'fnated  luiety  will  ge- 
mtbU;  cocne  true  froa  seed  ;  as,  doubtlen,  will  the  earij'-flowering  and 
latc-floveri:^  varieties,  which  may  be  obserred  in  copse  woods  where  thi> 
tree  abounda.  C.  P.  bracteosa  Ser.,  which  b  a  vet}-  remarkable  variety,  and 
one  which  deserves  a  jjlace  in  every  collection,  both  on  account  of  its  large 
lacemcsof  flowers  and  Its  fruit,  will  be  continued  with  most  certaJDtj  bjgraJling 
or  budding.  The  leaves  are  more  infested  and  ii\|ured  by  the  larvte  of  moths 
tod  butteifies,  than  those  of  any  other  European  tree  or  shrub. 

t  23.  C.  tiboinia'na  JWicAr.     The  Virginian  Bird-Cherry  Tree, 


BtrdwIiLM.;  driller de  Virgink,  fr.  :  VtnliibchiiKlrKhl,  Gir.i  wild  Cbtrrj  Trm,  JmtT. 
Bi^arlmfi.    WUM.  AM.,  »«.  t.  S.  M.  i  HktlI.F1.Arli.  Ad».,3.  L88.  i  Hid  uuc^.tT.l 

^er.  Char.,  l/c.     Leaves  oblong,  acuminate,  doubly  toothed,  smooth  ;  the  pe- 
tiole bearing  about  4  glands.    Bacemes  strwght,  petals  round.     Fruit  red. 
Different  from  the  Prilnua  virginiSna  of  Miller,  which  is  C.  (t.)  uerStina. 
(iVr.  /Vod)     A  tree  attiuning  a  large  size.    Virginia.  Carolina,  and  Canada. 
Hd^t,  m  &igland,  30  It  to  40  ft. ;  m  some  cnrts  of  North  America,  60  (i.  to 
100  tt.  Introd.  1734.  Flowers  white  ;  May.  Drupe  red ;  ripe  in  i\Ay.  Leaves 
fHnatning  qd  late  in  the  season,  and  dropping,  green.     Naked  young  wood 
gjender,  purplish,  but  not  spotted  with  wbite  Bie  C.  P^dus. 
Readily  dudnguiihed  from  Cfrasus  PJdus  by 
ibe  ilenier  drooping  character  of  its  branches. 
Hm  finit  is  Irequently  ripened  in  the  neighbour* 
hood  of  London,  and  plants  in  copse  woods, 
which  have  risen  from  selfsown  seeds,  are  to  be 
met  with  in   different  parts   of  Surrey.     The 
wood  of  the  Virginia  bird  cherry  is  of  a  light  red 
tint,  which  deepens  with  s^.    It  is  compact, 
Wgrained,  and  takes  a  brilliant  polis' 
•lio  not  liable  to  warp  when  perfectly  se 
In  America,  it  is  extensively  used  by  cabinet- 
nakaa  for  every  species  of  furniture.     lo  Eu- 
rope, C.  viigini^a  u  planted  solelv  at  an  oma- 
mental  tree ;  and,  as  such,  it  well  deserret  a 
pjice  in  every  collection.     It  should  be  planted 
B  every  afarubbeiy  or  wood  where  it  is  desirable     ~^^       "J^ 
toatbBctfiD^Torous  siting  birds.   Forsoil,si-  4ii.  unsiVihdkn. 

■ntfioD,  propagation,  culture,  &c.,  see  C.  i^dus. 

t  84.  C  (v.)  sbbo'tina  Ltn*.     The  late^fowen'ng,  or  American,  Bird* 
Cherry  Tree, 

BiwMLaiii.    Lcifa.  hi  Dn  Hub.,  S.  p.).  i  Ote.  Pisd..  1 
•    i-MO.  1  Dm-t  MDL.  Ip.  filB. 

^HMm    rr^am  isrdtlu  WOU.  Att.  flS. ;  F.  TinlnlSu 

^iZ  t>til.Vo.i.  "^ 

&fn»^>-    WilId.Ahb..lS».  I.B.r.1:  WltI.DHId.Brlt.. 
I  «■  I  Bd  aor  j^.  «G,  (n. 

Sptc.  Qiar.,  ^e.  Leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  rather 
coriaceous,  glossy,  serrated  ;  #ib  teeth  imbri-  _ 
CBIe,  very  numerous,  and  the  lowest  ones  indis- 
tinctly glanded.  Midribdowny Btits base.  Flo- 
ral leaves  narrowed  at  thebase.  Racemes  loose. 
Fruit  black.  (Dec,  Prod.)  A  middle-sized  tree,  i 
AnadveoTNorth  Ammcs,inCanadaaiidNew-  - 
(bandbiid.  Height  lOll.  to  20ft.  Introd.  1689.  ^ 
Flowera  white ;  May  and  June.   Drupe  black  ; 

ripe  in  August.      Leaves  retained   late,   and         <^^  f^^^Q 

inpaag  green.     Naked  young  wood  slender,         y^^\  '•^^ 

IWP™"-  m.   an*B.{m.\mt^m.       '*' 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM 


y  C.  i.  2  retuta  Set. — Leave*  oboTBte,  r» 
slightly  villose  beneath  t  tnidrib  hoii 
of  South  America, 


C.  (v.)  Renitina  so  cloaely  resemble*  C.  virgin 
whatever  of  thdr  being  one  and  the  aame  species 

r  25.  C.  Mo'LLis.  Doug.    The  soft  Bird-Chen 

litmlffiaUien.    DoniLMSS.:    Hook.F1.  Bor.  Amer..  I.  l«9.t 

Ewtrttlnt.    Our;^4TS..rraiBii|McliflBalnth*BrltiihKiw 

Spec.  Char.,  ifc.     Racemes  short,   pubescentlv  I 

as  wetl  as  the  raljxea  ;  calycioe  segments  renei 

obovate  oblong,  crenated,  pubescent  beneath  ;  I 

{Don't 


YouDf 
Ibe  Hot 
Kuthoa 

Ca, 


XXVI.  sosA^cE^:  cte'rasus.  293 

birime.  FL  Ha.  tcDfi.  ti>«l,  1  PL  Hn.  lam.  iHd. :  flcrn.  Hai,  lea.,  Ml  i  ud  oaijlf  *»■ 
^rr.  Char.  ^,     LcBTes  lanceolate,  leirated,  and  glabrous,  remnbling  in  fonn, 

and  nearly  in  size,  those  of  ^lix  fragilis.     Recemoi  lateral  'and  terminal. 

Fruit  globose,  resembling,  in  form  and  colour,  that  of  C.  sylveatia.    (Dee. 

Prod.)    A  baiidfiome  sub-evergreen  low  tree  or  ahrub.    Mexico,  in  temperate 

ami  cold  places.    Height  6  ft  to  IS  ft.    Introduced  in  1 82U.    Flowers  white j 

Maf.    Drupe  red  ;  ripe  in  AugiisL 

The  plant  bearing  this  name  in  ibe  HorL  Soc  Garden  hai  leaves  broader 
ihaa  those  of  S'sAix  fri^lia ;  and,  taken  altogether,  it  is  of  more  luxuriant 
growth  than  C.  vir^iniana.  It  is.  however,  leas  hard;  as  b  plant  in  the  open 
gvden,  and  was  killed  Co  the  ground  in  the  winter  of  1837-6.  In  fovourable 
liluBtioDS,  however,  it  is  a  very  deairable  species,  being  a  remaHiabI;  free 
flawerer.  and  ripening  abundance  of  fruit,  winch  have  stones  as  large  as  those 
of  ibe  wild  cherry. 

k  21.  C.  nepale'nsis  Ser.      The   Nepal   Bird- 
Cherry  Tree. 

0    l>c  Prod,  t  p,  MD.  ;  Don'I  Hill.. 


Sper,  Char.,  /fc.  Leaves  resembling  in  form  those 
of  ^lix  frigilis  ;  long,  lanceolate,  acuminate, 
■arale.with  biunt  teeth,  glabrous,  whitish  be- 
D«aUi;  the  vebs  much  reticulated;  and  the 
aiils  of  the  larger  of  them  hairy.  Peduncle 
•hort.  and,  as  well  as  the  rachis,  dightly  viilose. 
Calji  glabrous.     {Dec.  Prod.)      A  deciduous 


shrub  or  low  tree.      NepaL     Haght   6  ft.   to 
Uft.    Introd.    1820.     Flowers   white;    " 
Drupe?. 


¥  C.  actmiiiala  Wall.  (PI.  Rar.  Asiat.,  ij. 
p.  79.1. 181.  i  andour/^.  481.)UaNepal 
Iree,  groHing  to  the  height  of  SO  or  30  feet, . 
■iih  tlie  flowers  in  axillary  racemes,  and 
nodding,  a  little  shorter  than  the  ksvcs. 

b  C.  emcTginaln  Dougl.  (Hook.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amrr^  p.  168.)  is  a  shrub,  growing  to  the 
lldi:hl  of  6  or  8  feet,  with  its  flowers  in  Co- 
T]-mbuse  racemes ;  having  oval,  serrulated, 
^iibroui  leaves ;  and  globose  fruit,  astringent 
lo  the  tame.  The  leaves  are  2  in.  long ;  the 
toners  are  white ;  and  the  wood  red,  »iih 
■tiile  spots.     It  is  found  wild  about   the 

iqjper  part  of  the  Columbia  Kiver,  especially  ,„    rt  —  rr-r !-■■■- 

■boul  the  Kettle  FhIIs. 

I  C.  capricida  It.  Doa.  The  Coet-hiimg  Bird  Cherry.  JYilnuscapncidalfatf.; 
P.  undulata  HamiU.  in  D.  Don't  Prod.  Nepai.  p.  230. ;  C.  undulata  Dec. 
I  rod.  iL  p.  540.  —  Leaves  elliptic,  acuminated,  coriaceous,  glabrous,  guite 
ntire,  with  undulacely  ctirled  margins.  Petioles  glandulous.  Racemes  either 
■olitary  or  i^giwiite  by  threes,  many-flowered,  glabrous,  shorter  than  the 
wes.  {Don't  AIili.,a.  p.  5  IS.)  A  handsome  showy  tree,  probably  evergreen, 
»  native  of  Nepal,  at  Haniinhetty  i  where  the  leaves  are  found  to  contain  so 
Ib|b  a  quantity  o(  pmsnic  add  as  lo  kill  the  goats  which  browse  upon  them. 
■>u(le  seems  to  consider  C.  undulata  and  C.  capricida  as  distinct  species  ;  and 
D  3 


2d4  ARBOBETtJM    ET    FRUTieETUM    BRITAN'NICVM 


he  obaerves  that  the«e,  anil  "C,  comtlta,  remarkable  for  its  pod-like  m 
(trosity,  are  handsome  showy  trees,  growing  on  lofty  mountains,  and  woi 
of  introduction  into  England."  {Roole'i  lUutl.,  p.  S06.} 

C.  canadensis  Loii.,  C.  ellfptica  Loii.,  C.  paniculdta  Loii^  and  some  oi 
hardy  ^cles,  are  mentioned  in  our  f    '    ''  ' 

j  iii.  Laurocerati.     ' 
Seel.  Char.    Evergreen.    Flowers  in 

«  t   28.  C.  LUSlTl'NlCS  I^.     T 

amlifraim.    Lcii.  In  N.  Du  ttm.,  B-P-S. ; 

Dec.  Pnd.,  t.  p.  ua ;  Doo'i  MUI..  *.  p.  »■■-' 
Awnwiwf.    Allniu  liulUnK*  £nl.  b.  er 

UwChHT*  B« I  Ceriikr  Lmnkr  di>  P 

EUh.,  1&  t,  II 


axilluy.  longer  than  the  leaves. 
{Dec,  Prod.)  An  evergreen  low 
tree.  Portugal,  and  the  Alores. 
Height  10  h.  to  SO  (t. ;  in  British 
garikns  sometimes  30  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1618.  Flowers  white; 
June,  Drupe  dark  purple ;  ripe 
in  September,  Young  wood  pur> 
plish  black. 

■  I  C.  /.  8  Hlia  Ser.      Pri- 

nus  BUa  Broussonet ;  P. 

multiglandulosa   Cav. ;    C. 

HUa  Webb  et  BerL   Hist. 

Can.  t.  38.   (Ourjfg.  *88,> 

— Leaves  larger,  wiih  their 

lowest  teeth  gtanded.    Rh- 

cemes  elongate.     Flowers 

the  islands  of  TeneriSe,  Ora 

informs  ut  that  this  tree,  ii 

offiOorTOfeet. 

The  Portugal  laurel  is  generally  n 

an  immense  bush,  but  when  trained  u 

sinsle  stem  it  forms  a  very  handsomi 

with  a  conical  head.     ]t  is   not  of 

growth,  seldom  making  shoots  more 

e  or  10  inches  in  length;  but,  when  pi 

in  good  free  soil,  and  trained  to  a 

Item,  plants,  in  the  neighbourhood  of 

don,  will  reach  the  height  of  from 

to  IJi  ft.  in  10  years.   It  is  generally  pi 

solely   as   an    ornamental   evet^reen 

sometimes  hedges  are  formed  of  it  ii 

sery-grounds    and     flower-gardens. 

berries  are   greedily  eaten   by   birdi 

form  a  favourite  food  for  pheasantB. 

renders  the  tree  particularly  valuable, '. 


xxri.  hosa'g££:  cs'nAsut. 


olmrra,  Is  its  being  "  ao  rerj-  hardy  be  to  defy  the  severest  cold  of  thia  country ; 
Sir, in  thehafdfroat  of  1740,  when  almost  every  other  evergreen  tree  and  ihruli 
■as  severely  pinched,  the  Portugal  laurels  retained  their  verdure,  and  aeemed 
to  have  felt  no  injury."  Tn  the  winter  of  IB 37-8,  it  was  severely  hurt  in  all 
law  Qiaisc  situationa  in  the  climate  of  London  ;  but  in  dry  ^avelly  soil,  there, 
■od  ta  most  parts  of  Endand,  it  escaped  uninjured.  In  Bntish  nurseries,  it  is 
pn^agated  by  seeds,  which,  before  and  after  sowing,  are  treated  like  those  of 
4e  common  wild  cherry  (C.  sylvfislris),  or  those  of  the  bird  cherry  (C.  Fidaa). 
■  ■  39.  C.  L&urocb'basus  Zrftir.     The  Laurel- Cherry,  or  common  Laaret, 

Untft^iam.    T.alL  hi  Dn  Hun.,  6.  p.6.1  Dsc.  Prod.,  3.  p.MO.  |  DlD'i  Mm.,  I.  p.SlS. 
•fi^/ma.    Pranoi   L*orM*r»nu  Lin.  Sp.  SJ8.  i  Chtrry  BVi  Cbenr  Liurtl  1    Llurier  in  Ull, 

LmrtB'  CaWer,  Lunrlcr  Aminillfr.  Pr.  I  Klncha  Lorbnr,  6eT.  :  Lauro  m  Tnllunda.  Intl. 
Ear^np-    BlKkw.  Herb.,  L6II.;  Da  Hmm.  Arb.,  1.  p.M6.  L  lU.  t  and  oivjl^.  tH. 

Spec.  Oar.,  ifc.  Evei^reei.  Leaves  coriaceous,  ovate-lanceolate,  remotely 
Bcrrate,  bearing  upon  the  under  surface  of  the  di&k  S — 4  glands.  Racemes 
ihontx  than  the  leaves  Fruit  ovflte-aeule.  (Dec,  Prod.)  A  large,  ram- 
bling, evergreen,  sub-prostrate  ihrub.  Trebisond  in  Asia  Minor ;  and  found 
in  (^ucasua,  Penia,  and  the  Crimea.  Height  6  It.  to  20  ft.  Introduced  in 
1629.  Flowers  white  ;  April  and  May,  Drupe  dark  purple;  ripe  In  Oc- 
tober.    Young  shoots  of  B  lig^t  green. 

feirtia. 

•  C.  Z..  8  variegaia  Hort. — Leaves  variegated  with  dther  white  or  yeilow. 
K  C.  I>.  3  aHguilifoBa  HorL,  with  leaves  about  a  third  part  of  tbe  width  of 


296  ARBORETUU    ET    FRUTII 

those  of  the  ipecies.  and  a  mc 
tinct  variety,  which  seldom,  if  i 
called  Hartdgia  cap^niis,  thougl 
^e  commoQ  laurel,  thouf^h  it  will  gr 
in  it*  habit,  deddedly  a  shrub,  though 
■ingle  stem  as  a  low  tree,  and  in  Franc 
common  cherry  for  this  purpose,  thoue' 
deciduous,  only  last  a  year  or  two.  1 
rapid  for  an  ever^rreen,  being  at  the  rat 
the  shoot«  extend  iu  lenBth,  they  do  n 
ness,  and  hence  they  recline;  bo  that 
length,  though  gigantic  in  size,  still  rete 
Notwithstandiag  the  mpid  and  vigor- 
ous growth  of  this  plant  in  ordinary 
seasons,  it  Buffers  a  great  deal  more  from 
very  severe  frosts  than  the  Portugal 
laurel,  and  is  sometimes  killed  down  to 
the  ground,  which  the  hitter  rarely  Is 
in  England.  In  Britain,  the  common 
laurel  is  considered  one  of  the  most  or- 
namental of  our  evergreen  shruba ;  and  it 
is  also  used  for  covering  walls,  and  for 
hedges,  to  afford  shelter ;  for  which  last 
purjioae  it  is  extendvely  used  In  the 
marliet-gardcns  about  Isleworth.  It  is 
also  extensively  used  as  undergrowth 
in  sandy  soil.  Laurel  leaves  have  a 
bitter  taste,  and  the  pt^cullar  flavour  of 
prussic  acid,  uhlch  is  common  (o  bitter 
almonds,  and  to  the  kemets  generally 
of  the  ^mygdtkleee.  The  flowers  have 
a  similar  flavour;  and  the  powdered 
leaves  excite  sneezing.  The  leaves,  in 
consequence  of  their  flavour,  are  used 
ill  a  green  slate  in  custards,  puddings, 
con fectio nary  articles,  but  always  in  very 
dry  will  suit  the  common  laurel ;  but, 
it  requires  a  sheltered  situation,  and  a 
Eoil.  It  thrives  better  as  an  undefgro 
perhaps,  any  other  ligneous  plant,  with  t 
tlon  of  the  box  and  tiie  holly. 

•  »  30.  C.  caholima'na  Michx.    The 

Bird-Cherry  Tree. 
UntliJIcaliim.    Mfchi.  Fl.  Bar.  Amtr.,  I.  p  MB  ' 
duBiin.,(.ji,s.;  Dou'»Mlll.,ap.(H6. 


Spec.  Char ,  ijif . 

mucronate,    even,    rather    

entire.  Flowers  densely  dispose 
racemes,  that  are  shorter  than  th 
Fruit  nearly  globose,  mucronate.  (U 
An  evergreen  shrub  or  low  tree;  in 
a  tander  shrub.  North  America,  Iron 
to  Florida,  and  the  Bahama  Islands 


XXVI.  rosa'ceje:  tv'rbhza. 


297 


20 ft.  to  soft.     Introduced  in  1759.     Flowers  white ;  May.    Drupe  dark 
purple;  ripe?. 

This  tree  Michaux  considers  as  one  of  the  most  /beautiful  vegetable  pro- 
ductions of  the  southern  parts  of  the  United  States ;  and  it  is  generally  se- 
lected by  the  inhabitants  to  plant  near  their  houfies,  not  only  on  this  account, 
but  because  it  grows  with  rapidity,  and  affords  an  impenetrable  shade.  Pursh 
describes  it  as  a  handsome  everp;reen  shrub,  resembling  C,  lusitanica ;  but  he 
says  nothing  of  the  flowers,  which,  from  the  figure  in  Michaux,  from  which 
ours  was  copied,  appear  to  be  almost  without  petals.  Seeds  are  frequently 
imported  from  America,  and  abundance  of  young  plants  reared ;  but,  as  they 
are  rather  tender,  and,  north  of  London,  would  require  the  protection  of  a 
wall,  they  are  very  seldom  seen  in  British  gardens.  The  largest  plant  which 
we  know  of  is  in  Hampshire,  at  SwallQwfield,  where,  in  1833,  it  formed  a 
bush  10  ft.  high,  with  a  head  about  12  ft.  in  diameter,  flowering  and  fruiting 
oc(»sioQally.  Culture  as  in  C.  vii^iana,  but  north  of  London  it  requires  the 
protection  of  a  wall. 


Sect.  II.     SviRME^m. 
Genus  VL 


□ 


PU'RSH/i4  Dec.    The  Purshia.    Lin,  SyU.  Icos&ndria  Monog/nia. 

Utmtificaiim,  Dec.  in  Trans,  of  Linn.  Soc,  \%  p.  197. ;  Prod.,  8.  n.  Ml. ;  Lindl.  In  Bot.  Reg. 
1 1M6. ;  Don*s  MUl.,  2.  p.  517. 

^momgme.    Tigirea  Ph.  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.,  1.  p.  Z8S,,  not  of  Aublet. 

lieritaHom,  Frederick  Pursh  first  characterised  the  only  known  ipedes  in  his  Flora  Ameriae, 
SepteuhiofuUis,  and  named  it  Tfgdrea  trldentilta.  The  generic  name,  however,  having  been 
preoccapfed  by  Aublet,  De  Candolle  has  named  the  present  genus  after  Pursh  himself. 

Gen,  Char,  Calyx  5-cleft ;  lobes  ovate,  obtuse.  Petals  5/  obovate.  Stamens 
about  25,  rising  with  the  petals  from  the  calyx.  Carpels  1 — 2,  ovate  oblong, 
pubescent,  tapering  into  the  style  at  the  apex,  at  length  opening  by  a  lon- 
gitudinal chink.    Seed  1,  inserted  in  the  base  of  the  carpel.  {DorCs  Mill,) 

Leaves  simple,  grouped  together,  cuneate,  2 — 3-toothed  at  the  apex, 
stipulate  or  exstipulate,  deciduous.  Flowers  yellow.  —  Shrub,  of  which 
there  is  only  one  species  known. 

ji  1.  P.  TRiDENTA^TA  Dec,    The  3-toothed-^aoe^  Purshia. 

lientifiaUien.    Dec.  In  Lin.  Trans.,  12.  p.  1S7. ;  Prod.,  2.  p  641. 

Sgntmgwie.     Tigarea  tridentdta  PA.  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.,  1.  p.  333.  t  IR.,  not  of  Aublet. 

Ingravmgs,    1%.  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.,  1. 15. ;  Bot.  Reg.,  1. 1446. ;  and  our^^s.  487,  488. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,     Leaves  obcuneate,  3- 

dentate,  crowded  on  the  points  of  the 

shoots,    hairy  above,  and    tomentose 

beneath.    Flowers  terminal  on  short 

peduncles.  {Ph,  Fl.  Amer,)  A  spreading 

shrub.     North  America,  on  pastures 

f^^^cv^    ^        by  the  river  Columbia.    Height  2  ft.  to 

*^^V^*5        ^  ^^*     Introduced  in   1826.     Flowers 

^^^^if^        >ellow ;  July.    Carpels  ?. 

Almost  the    only  shrub   to   be  seen 
through  an  immense  tract  of  barren  sandy 
soil,  from  the  head  source  of  the  Missouri,  to  the  Falls  of  the  Columbia.    The 
Dbnts  in  the  London  gardens  were  all  killed  in  the  winter  of  1837-8. 


4X7.  P.  tiidniUia. 


4S8.    P.  trfclniata 


ARBOPETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUH. 


□ 


KEltil/^  Dec.    Tre  Kkrbia.    Lm.  Sytt.  Icosindria  Polj'gfina. 

Gen.  dor.     Calyx  &-deft ;  lobe*  ovate,  3  of  which  are  obtiue.  and  the  olhei 
two  calloiulj  mucronate  at  the  apex  ;  imbricate  in  »9tlvatiou.     Pdaii  5 
orbicular.     Slajnaa  about  SO,  arising  from  the  calyx  with  the  p~'~'~  '~ 
sened.    CarpeU  5 — 8,  elobose,  free,  giabrotu,  each  ending  in  a  Hiiic 
Seed  aoMuay.  (DonU  MilL) 

Leavet  umple,  ovate,  lanceolate,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ; 
and  unequally  serrated,  feather-nerved,  conduplicate.     Flaieert  yeU 

a  I.  K,  iipo'hica  Dec.     The  Japan  Kerria. 
Mtmlllcatiim.    Dec.lDTmi.arLln.  Gdc..  13.  p.  IM.  i  Prod..  K  p.  Ml. 
Smoi^ma.    JI)lbul]vitaln»I,f>h  Minl.Vi.:  «n:honi>  Jipdaliui  Tkmtt.  HJi^U 

taptela  Camt.  AmiCScI.  Nal.  I .  p  M9.  ^  Solile  du  Jijion,  ti. 
EngradHti,    Sat.  BrII.  Fl.  aud.,idHir.  t-O}.;  uiil  oar^.  196. 
Spec,  dor.,  ^c.     Leaves  ovate,  lanceolate,  coarsfly  and   unequally 
feather-nerved ;    stipules   linear,   subulate.      A   deciduous   shrub. 
Height  3  ft.  to  5  ft.      Introduced  in  1835.     Flowers  yellow;   I 
June,  and  often  all  the  summer.     Carpels  ?. 

•  K.  j.  2^orepleno  (Bot  R^.,  t.  587.;  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  1296.; 
JSg.  400.^ — Flowers  double.  Introduced  in  ITOO,  and  in  ver 
culture  in  British  garden*. 


41*.    KM^iuai^  490.     )UiW<>ntotl^ 

It  has  soft,  and  not  very  persistent,  wood,  clothed  with  a  smooth  greenis 
bark  ;  twig-like  branches ;  leaves  that  ore  ovate-lanceolate,  and  serrated  wit 
large  and  unequal  teeth,  feather-veined,  and  concave  on  the  upper  mrfact 
stipules  that  are  linear-subulate.  The  single-flowered  variety  was,  unt 
1835,  only  known  through  a  solitarv  specimen  received  from  Thunberg  by  Lii 
nteua,  and  preserved  in  the  herbonum  of  that  great  botanist,  now  in  the  poi 
session  of  t^e  Linnxan  Society.  It  was  after  examining  this  specimen  that  D 
Candolle  removed  it  from  the  genus  C<Srchorus,  and  formed  that  of  Kerri 
The  double  variety  is  generally  planted  against  a  wall,  more  especially  nan 
of  London.  It  is  easily  and  rapidly  propagated  by  its  suckers,  and  growa  freel 
in  any  common  soil. 


XXVI.    JtOSACEJE:    SeiRM.  A.  299 

Genus  VIII. 

□□□ 

SPIRM^A  L.     The  Spirmjl.    Lin.  Sgit,  IctMandria  Di-PentBgynial 
UMdboAK   UD.Oen.No.Siai  GEnD.FnM^),p.n7.t.ee!;  I>«.Prod.,l.i..Hl.;  Don-i 
^HMS.    Spln'a  ip.  Cambcatia  Mm,  Splr,  la  Aim,  Scl,  SaL  1.  p.  13!. ;  Spirit,  Fr. ;  Bpler- 
DTnoAiB.    Fnimvifn.  n  cord,  In  nfntoai  (D  Uhi  iapp«Hl  llnlblUn  o(tli«  bmcfaa  dTkiik 

Don  to  Ik  twinail  Into  lUlutb.  Sfirtn  U  FlIST-l  HUH  Tol  ■  plut  the  bloHOlili  or  irhlch 
■tiv  DKd,  In  bli  time,  fW  EniUof  farUodi  i  Ijol  thjit  plant  li  tbouxbt  by  Aoma  (o  have  been  the 

fUjflranni  TjH^inn. 

(i«.  Ctor.  Calyx  S^leCt,  permaDent.  Stamau  10 — 50,  inserted  in  the  torus, 
lining  the  csl^x  along  with  the  petals.  Carpelt  Bolilarf ,  or  sereral  together, 
tardy  conoected  at  the  base,  ending  in  ^ort  pcHiits,  sessile,  rarelv  atiuicate. 
Sndi  8—6.  {Don',  MilL) 

LeaK$  usually  simple,  hut  sometimea  pinnatelj'  cut,  having  pinnate,  or 
paliaatdy  temate,  nerves  ;  alcemate,  stipulate,  deciduous.    Floweri  white  or 
reddisfa,  never  ydJow.  —  Shrubs,  low,  deciduous.     Europe,  Asia,  America. 
Qeaerally  of  erect  growth,  with  conspicuous  flowem  of  considerahle  elegance 
shI  beautj.     The  nued  young  wood,  in  almost  all  the  species,  is  of  a  cin- 
namon brown ;  and,  in  those  lunda  io  which  the  shoots  are  nunierDUB  so  as  to 
produce  a  mass,  the  effect  is  conspicuoiu  in  the  winter  season.     They  are  all 
rcadilT  propagated  by  suckers,  which,  in  general,  they  produce  in  abundance 
and  Ibey  will  grow  in  any  common  soL 

j  i.  Pkytoc&rpot  Camb. 

Ombitiri.    Frum  pktaa,  >  Haiitir,  and  iiiri»,  a  froU ;  In  nference  to  the  bladderr  Earpalt. 

Std.  Char,  Uvariea  connected  at  the  base.  Torus  Uning  the  calycine  tube. 
Carp^  bUddery,  rather  membranous.  Ovula  8 — 3,  fixed  to  tne  semini- 
femus  margin  of  the  carpel,  ovoid,  at  first  horizontal,  but  at  length  sus- 
pended. Flowers  hermapnrodite,  disposed  in  umbels.  Pedicels  1-flowered. 
Leaves  toothed,  or  somewhat  lobed,  usually  stipulate,  (Don'i'MUL,  p.  S17.) 

Un^&sUnt.    Ltn.  5p.,  702. ;  Dec.  Ft«L,  I.  p.  Ml.  ;  Don't  Kill,  9.  p.  NJ. 
Inntnut.    Nine  Bark,  Amfr.;  EtodIdo  del  CanaiU,  II*L 
iirawaifi.    U.  DnHim..fi.  I.  It.l  uidoiir.l4J.49l,49a. 

f^wc  (^ar.,  j-c.     Leaves  lobed,  or  3-lobed,  and  par- 
taking of  an  ovate  li^re,  doubly  serrated,  petioled, 
ud  many  of  them  atipuled.     Flowers  white,  nume- 
rous,  disposed    in    stalked   hemi- 
spherical corymbs  ;  the  pedicel  of 
<    each  flower  slender  and  glabrous. 
i  Sepals  spreading.      Torus  wholly 
;  connate  with  the  tube  of  the  calvx. 
'    Ovaries  connate  with  each  other 
}  at  the  base.     Ovules  in  each  2 — 3, 
affixed  to  the  margin,  ^g-shaped, 
at   first  horizontal,  at  length  the 
one  pendulous,  the  rest  ascending, 
in    ■  ^F.m.        Carpels  bladdery, rather  memliran*  ^.^^   g,.>raiiBiu. 

aceous.  large  and  diverging.  Seeds 
obovate,  glossy,  and  yellow.  (Dec.  Prod.)    A  large  shrub.     North  America. 
fivm  Canada  to  Candina.    Height  8  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introd.  in  1690.  Rowers 


800  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

white  ;  June  and  July.  Capsule  inflated  red  ;  ripe  in  September.  Decaying 
leave*  purplish  red,  mixed  with  yellow.  Naked  young  wood  light  brown; 
Hardy,  and  very  omanientBl,  from  its  abundance  of  white  flowers,  which  are 
produced  in  corymbs,  and  resemble  those  of  the  Guelder  rose;  and  from  the 
numerous  inflated  reddish  capsules  which  succeed  the  flowers.  Propscsted 
by  division  of  the  root;  but  sometimes  by  lasers,  or  by  cuttiogt  of  the 
young  wood  put,  in  autumn,  in  a  shady  border,  id  a  sandy  soil. 

«  S,  o.  2  lomentilla  8er.  has  the  peduncles  and  calyx  tomentoie.  {Dec. 
Prod;)  U  is  found  at  the  Grand  Rapids  of  the  Colucnbia  Itiver. 

J  8.  o.  3  mem&gyna,    S,  mondgyna   Torrey,  Don's   ^^- 
Mill.  2.  p.  518.— A  native  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, where  it  grows  to  the  helsht  of  3  or  1  feet. 
It  is  considered  by  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker  as  a  va- 
riety of  S.  cpulifolia. 

*  2.  S.  CAPiTA^jt  Ph.     The  cnpitate-car^ininl  Spirtea. 
I.  p.  M3.  i  C*mb.  Uoiiog.  1  S«. 

EngTOtita.  OiirA,M9.  (TDiniipiidinEii  la  thi  LusbarUu  bsrbirtuin. 

Spec.  Char.,S^c.  Leaves  ovate,. doubly  toothed,  almost 
lobed  ;  beneath  reticulate  and  tomentoae.  Flowers 
disposed  iu  terminal  subcnpitate  corymbs  placed  on 
very  long  peduncles.  Calyx  tomentoae.  {^Dec.  Prod.) 
A  deciduous  shrub.  V.  America,  on  its  eastern  coast 
by  the  Kiver  Columbia.  Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1887.  Flowers  white;  June  and  July.  ,^   .  _,_.^_ 

j  ii.  Ckam^'dtyon  Ser, 


Seel.  Char.  Ovaries  distinct.  Torus  with  its  base  connate  with  the  tube  o 
the  calyx,  but  with  its  tip  separate.  Carpels  not  inflated.  Flow«?  ead 
upon  a  distinct  pedicel,  and  disposed  in  umbels  or  corymbs.  Leaves  entire 
or  toothed,  without  stipules.  {Dec.  Prod.,  iL  p.  54!!.) 

•  3.  S.  (THAMXDRiPoli*  L.     Tlie  dermander-leaved  Spinca. 


,„_ LliLSn..701,  1  CKnb.  Hoaoj.  1  D«r  Prod.,  1  p.  Mt  i  Don"!  UUI.,  S.  p.  BIS. 

Spec,Char,,^c.  Leaves  ovate,  cut  at  tlie  tip  in  a  serrated  manner,  glabrou! 
Flowers  upon  long  slender  pedicels,  in  hemispherical  corymbs.  Sepal 
veiny,  refleied.  (The.  Prod.)  An  erect  shrub.  Siberia,  Kamtschatka,  Ds 
huria,  the  N.  W.  coast  of  N.  America,  China,  and  Japan.  Height  SH 
to  8  ft.  Introduced  in  1789.  Flowers  white;  June  and  July.  Capsul 
reddish  i  ripe  Sept.  Naked  young  wood  light  brown. 
VarieHei.  Scringe  enumerates  the  first  four  of  tho  fol- 
lowing forma  of  this  species ;  to  which,  we  think,  might  i 
be  added  S.  almifdhu,  S.  flexuosa.  S,  fratxgifulia,  S.  be-  , 
tulEefiilio,  and,  perhaps,  some  others. 

a  S,   c.     I  vu/gdrii  Camb.   Monog.  —  Leaves    with  j 

the  disks   broad   and   glabrous  ;  the  petiulea  ci-  I 

liated, 
*  8.  e.  2  media  Ph.  FL  Amer.  Sept.  i.  p.  34-a.,  Camb.  j 

Monog.,  and  our  fc.  494. — Leaves  smaller,  slight- 
ly villose  upon  both  sur&ces.  Flowers  smaller. 
Wild  ill  Canada,  and  upon  the  rocks  of  D;ihuria.        ,,,    ,  ,  „,j^ 


,    AOSACE^:    SPltL 


301 


a  S.  c.  3  obiangifoHa  Camb.  Monog.     S.  oblongi> 

mi,Waidtt,ctKii.PI.Hiing.  iiup.B8I.t.B35. 

—  Leavea  oarrower,  and  lea»  serrated. 
A  $.  c.  4i  xubracemoia  Ser.  —  Flowers  JistBntly  dl<- 

posed  along  a  lengtbened  ractuB. 
*  S.  c  5  iacua  Haft.  (^S.  chamaedrUbllB  lotilolia 

Hurt.)  hai   been  raised   from  Bcetli  received 

from  Oernumy  througb  Mr.  Hunneutui ;  and 

it  appeoTB  to  be  ooly  ■  vaHetj  af  thw  species. 
Id  Euitschatka  the  leavea  are  used  at  a  substitute  for 
tea  I  nnd  the  shoots,  when  straight,  are  bored  Tor  to- 
bacco-pipes. In  its  wild  state,  it  varie*  enceediagly  in  , 
the  magnitude  of  the  entire  plant,  in  the  largenr.sa  or  i 
mallnns  of  its  leares,  and  in  tbeir  being  more  or  less  ' 
cut  or  sensCed,  and  more  or  less  smooth  or  puliescent. 
A  laj  ornamental  bardy  shrub,  producing  its  coryaibs  of 
■hite  flowers,  whicb  are  tolerably  large,  in  June  and 

July.  It  is  sdd  to  make  beautiful  ^den  hedi>es.  Though  the  seeds  ripen 
in  En^and,  plants  can  seldom  be  raised  from  them  ;  and,  as  this  species  doea 
not  produce  suckers  (reely,  it  is  generaUy  raised  by  layers  or  cuttings. 

ft  *.  5.  (c.)  OLMiFo'u*  Scop.     Thts  ElmJeaved  Spiiwa. 
ItmllfiiiUo^    Sap.  F1.  Cvn,(d.  LtoLI.  p.M9.  i  D«.  Prod.,  1.  p-Mt.;  Don'iHIU.,  t.p.Sl«. 
i§mia§m^    J.  diunwlrifbliftjacv.  ifffrJ.  Vtndot-  U  140. 
£>(r«V>    B«.B^..t.m.i^«.Cib.,lH!.i  uiil<mrjV.196. 

Spn.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  flat,  sharply  serrated,  ciliated. 
Piowers  terminal,  b  rather  bemiapberical  cafyaibs.  Sepals  reSeied.  (Dec. 
Prod.)  An  erect  shrub.  Carinthia  and  Slieria.  Height  3  ft.  to  5  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1790.  Flowers  white;  June  and  July.  One  of  the  hand- 
somest species  of  this  section. 


■  S.  (c.)ii.  SplyUinfiii  Ser.  (Our  ;^.  497.)  —  In  thu  variety  a  whor) 
of  diitinct  leaves,  that  ar<  petioled,  lanceolate,  and  sharply  serrated, 
oecupiea  the  place  of  the  sqials,  and  is  deacrilml  as  being  these  trans- 
fbnned.  Petals  and  stamens  are  either  not  present,  or  deformed. 
(On:.  Prod.) 

■  i  5.  (C.)  FLMUo'sA  fUch.     The  fleiible-iranoierf  Spirsa. 
a-mcwHwi.    Fbdi.  b  LJtt. J  Cunb.  Hanof.  1  DnPrad.,).  p.  HI  i  Doii'i  HUl.l.  P.S1S. 
V-    I    It     X •Ipto* Bori.  Fur.,  uxordtni  to  Cob. ind  FUcb.  Id  LIU.  1.  <  S.  dUrlcm Bort. 
i^mUf.    CBIItl.llsni>f.8lilr.lDAiULlcLNU.,l.t.SC.;ullourj^.4S«. 

^w.  CAor.,  4"-     Leavea  lanceolate,  ^abrous ;  frotn  the  tip  to  the  middle 


:TIJM    ET    FRUTtCETUM    BRlTANNtUUM. 

dentstel;  serrate.  Flowers  in  corymbs.  (Dee,  PraL) 
A  sleQder-bnnched  shrub.  Native  country  unknown. 
Height  4  ft.  Co  6  ft.  Cultivated  in  1620.  Flowen 
white  ;  June  and  July.     Capsule  reddish ;  ripe  in  Bep- 

Farietiei.  5.  flexuosa  lalif&lia  Nort.;  S.  dailric*  Harl.; 
S.  ulmHblia,  S.  carpiaifolia,  S.  ietulzfolia,  in  Mesirs- 
Loddiges's  collection,  are  identical  with,  or  very  alight 
Tariationa  of,  this  species. 

A  6.   S.   (c.)   citxTKetro\iji  Li. 
The  CralKgus-leaved  Spinea. 

IdnlffiBaaim.     Lk.   Ennni.,   9.  p,  40. 1    Dae. 
Et^nniit-    Of  A-  *^* 

Spec.  CAar,,  /jc.      Leaves    obovate, 
obtuse;  iij  the  terminal  part  doub)) 

S'  brous,  reticulate  on  the  under  anrface. 
te,  disposed  in  terminal  compound  cor}*mbs, 
whose  com|>osite  parts  are  ralher  capitate.  '{Dec. 
Prod.)  An  erect  shrub.  Native  country  unknown. 
Cultivated  in  1823.     Flowers  white  ;  June  and  July. 

*  7.  S.  (c.)  BBTVLsro'uA  Pali.     The  Krch- 
leaved  Spirsa. 

UmtilcBllim     Pall,  Fl.  Shi,.  I.  p.  79. 1  Dm.  I>n)d.. I.  p. M4. i 

Sntrmingi.    Pail.  in.  Hdu..  ].  116.  i  ud  oorjlf.sco. 
•.  char.,  Sfc.     Leaves  broadly  ovate,  wrnited. 
fflabrousi  the  petiole  very  short.     Flowers  ic 
iastigiate  panicles.    Carpels  5,  upright,  glabrous 
■  {Dec.  Prod.)     An  erect  shrub.     Sibma;  sue 

North  America,  on  the  ■"' -- 
Mountains,  and  in  vorioui 
places  on  the  western 
Height  3  ft.  to  6  ft.  Inti 
1818.  Flowers  white;  Ju 
July.     Capsule  red  j  ripe  ' 


SiurwAuL  'Wiiiiit.  <«  Kit.  n.  Ru 

».  t.»^HBldm.JV.MI. 

^c.  CAar.  ifc.  Leaf  ovate, 
or  about  the  size  of  that 
of  5iilix  ripens  or  S.  ar- 
g^Dtea,  acute,  perfectly 
entu^i  or  slightly  toothed,  t 
hoarily  vill^.  Corymbs  1 
aomewhat  racemose ;  the 
lateral  ones  peduncled,  of 
fewflowerf,andUs.  Se- 
pals spreadmg.  Styles 
thick.  Carpels  divergent, 
rather  Tillose.(D«.  JVod.) 
*  Inw  shrub.     Croatia, 


XXTI.    BOSACEX:    SPIRJE  A.  303 

on  bigb  rocks.     Height  1  ft.  to  8  ft.     Introduced  in  1835.     Floven  white; 
June  ftod  Julf .     Capsule  reddish;  ripe  in  September, 
A  verj  disdnct  little  species  approaching  5.  racciDiifdlia,  D.  Don,    H.  8. 
■  9.  S.  triloba'ta  L.     The  S-lobed-^esnnf  Spimt. 

aaitftiUmi.    LtiLBIuiL.Mt.:  Cuob.Mowg.iOK.  Pnd,.lp.5«I. 

SviwiiHi.    PiJI.  RoH..  1.  L  ir.  1  wiu.  DflHl.  Brtt.,  t.  Gft.,  u  S.  tit. 

^wf.  CW.,  ^c.      Leaves    roundish,  lobed,   crenated, 

glabrous,  reticulately  Teined.     Ftowers  in  umbel-like 

coTjmbs.   Sepals  ascending.    Carpels  elabrous,  (Brc, 

Prod.)     A  low  erect  shrub.    Alps  of  Altai.     H«ght 

I  ft.  to  £ft.     Tntrmiuced  in  ISO).     Flowers  while  ; 

Maj.    Capsule  reddish ;  ripe  in  September.  ^^, 

This  species  is  very  handsome,  with  branches  spread*  1^^ 

ing  boriwnt^j',  and  bearing,  in  the  flowering  season,  W 

namerous  compact   corjiiibs   of  pure   white  flowers  ;  got.  s.nuibua, 

vhich,  combing  with  the  neat  appearance  of  the  pkuit, 

and  its  glaucous  leaves,  rounded  in  their  outline,  and  yet  lobed,  render  the 
^>ccie*  a  very  interestiDg  and  ornamental  one. 

*  10.  S.  alpi'na  Pail.    The  Siberian  alpine  Spirca. 

iti.  KoDOf.i  D«  Fnid.,  Lp.'tML;  Dm'!  I^Ul.,  1.  p.  tlS. 
iiBV    rtlt.Fi.Brm„l.t.V.i^aioaTjIt.lia. 
Spec.  Ckar„  ^.     Leaves  lanceolste-oblong,  ses- 

sile,Berru)ated,  glabrous  ;  the  midrib  pinnately 

branched.    Flowers  in  terminal,  stalked,  and, 

in  many  inslmices,  lealless,  corymbs.     Sepals 

»*«ndatf.     (Oec.  Prod.)      An   erect  shr  ' 

Siberia,  in  wooded  alpg.     Height  4  fi.  to  t  ... 

Inirodaced  in  1806.  Flowers  white;  June  and    ' 

Jnly,    Capstde  reddbb ',  ripe  in  September. 

llie  corahs  of  flowers  being  large  in  propor- 
tion to  the  leaves  renders  this  species  very  oma- 
uientalwhen  in  bloom  ;  and  its  beauty  is  farther  ms.  -  -j- 

heightened  b;  the  plant  being  of  erect  growth, 

>  II.  S.  BivKv.mro'^XK  Dec.    The  Hypericum-leaved  Spirxa. 

/AWilatfM.    Dec.  H.  ft., ».  p.  MB.  i  Prwl.,  I.  p.  Mt.  j  Don'i  MB]..  I.  p.  B1& 

tpei^ma.   AjptrltuiB  Mtu  Burl.;  ItiUu  Mij. 

Apn^.    Sta  farieUa. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^.  Leaves  obovate-oblong,  3 — ^nerved,  entire  or  toothed, 
glabrous,  sightly  downy  ;  primary  vdns  pinnately  branched.  Flowers  irt 
ehher  peduncled  corymbs,  or  sessile  umbels.  Pedicels  glabrous,  or  sli^tly 
downy.  Sepals  ascendine.  A  species  that  presents  diversilied  appearsncea. 
(Dee.  Prvd.)  An  erect  shrub.  Supposed  by  some  to  be  a  native  of  Ca- 
nada ;  but  Smith  and  Hooker  think  that,  like  most  of  -4" 
the  species  of  the  section  to  which  it  belongs,  it  is  only 
to  be  found  wild  in  the  Old  World.  Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft. 
Introduced  hi  IS40.  Flowers  white  ;  June  and  July. 
Capsule  reddish ;  ripe  in  September. 

Varied.  Seringe  has  characterised  six  forms  of  this  species, 

which  he  describes  as  follows :  — 

a  8.  b.  I  m-aUiua  Set.      S.  crenaU  Lm.,  Fad,  in 

LttL.  aiMl  Don',  Mill.  ii.  p.  519.;  S.  Aypericifdlia 

Comb.  JUonog.  (Our  j%.  504.)  —  Branches  rigid. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BBITANNICLJ 

tbickish.     Leaves  ovnie-roundcd  ;   thu  whole  margin 

nutiveoflhe  Ural  Muumains. 
I  S.  \t.  2  Plukeneliina  Ser.  5.  Aypericifiilia  > 

Im.  Sp.  P;.  701..  and  Don'i  WW.  ii. 

p.  519.i    S.  h.  Yot.  0  Dec.  Fl.  Fr.  v. 

p.  645.   (Pliik.  Phyt.,  tSI8.f.a.)  — 

Leaves     perfectly     entire,     glabrous. 

Flowers  in  iieEsile  corymba.     A  nalJTe 

of  Canada. 
I  S.  h.  3  acuta  Set.    S.  acutifolia   Wm. 

Etittm.  544).,  VattA.  Monog.,  and  Don't 

JIfiiV.  ii.p.  ^19. ;  S.iMnai  Hurt.  Par., 

according   lo  Camb.   Monog.i   S.  am- 

bfgua  Pall.    (Onr/^. 605.)— Leaves 

spalhulate,   elongate,  acute,   perfectly  °™'  *"'' 

entire,  or  rarely  3 — 5-toothed,  rather  glabrous.     Flowi 

corytnb». 
t  S.  h.  4  rrenata  Ser.    S.  obovata   Waldti,  el  Kit.  ?    in   ft 

541,,  Comb,  MotK^.,  Barr.  Icon.  Bar,  n.  1376.  t.  564. 

folia  Y  Dec-  ^  Pr.   t.  p.  6*5. ;   S.  creoita  lAn.  Sp. 

JHoni^.,   Don't  Mitt.  ii.  p.  518.,  Lodd.   Col.     (Our 

Leavei  obovate. 


A  S.  h.  S  lavrdnica  Ser.     S.  savrdnica   Seurr   in  Litt.,  D 

p.  519. :  S.  crenata  Pali.  Fl.  Bait.  i.  p.  35    t  19  ■  5 

var.  p   longliblia  Led.  Fl.  Bott.  All.  lU.  t.  4S9.     (Our' 

All  partB  pubescent,     Learea  entire,  or,  at  the  tip,  tootl 

minute,  diBpoied  iu  dense  terminal  corymbs.     It  is  will 

naoul,  and  in  Podolia. 

■  S.  h.  6  BetterMtDt.  Ser.     S.  creniUa   Better   in  Litt  ;  S.  t^„^,„^ 

Besseridiw  Don's  Mill.  iL  p.  519.  (LodA  Bot.  Cob.,  t.  1852;  and  «i 

J^.  508.)— All  parts  rather  ^abrous.  Leases  mostly  entire.  Flowes 

disposed  in  rather  lax  terminal  corymbs.     A  utive  of  Podolia  an 

Caucasus. 

0/An-  VarielUi  or  Si/nonymei.   The  following  kinds,  in  Messrs.  Loddigea 

collection,  and  in  the  Hort.  Soc  Garden,  appear  to  be  either  identicaJ  will 

or  varietieg  of,  S.  ijpericif&lia :  —  S.  inMx^  Wendiand  (Hon.  Soc.  Gard 

S.  (.boT&ta  Wendiand  (Hort.  8oe.  Gnrd.),  S.  argfintea,  S.  cuneita,  S.  hm 

.?.  alpiDB,  S.  Bcutii&lia,  5.  decumbens. 

Tlii*  species  has  small  hard  stenn,  with  numerous  side  branches,  clothi 
with  adirk green  bark,  and  with  numerous  wedge-shaped  leaTes,-  like  those 
St,  John'*  wort,  with  glands  in  their  substance,  which  give  them  the  ttppa 
•Dce  of  bdng  punctured  nn  the  surface ;  whence  Ihn  name.     The  Hovers  ■ 


xxTi.  aosaVe^:  spikx-'a.  305 

prodaced  in  gnat  abundance  t  <^'^^>  when  the  ^rvb  ii  allowed  tp»ce  to  ^' 
pandoD  ejery  lide,  it  rcimta  a  verj  beaiitirut  bush  in  the  flowering  season.     It 
imkes  hand«>me  garden  hedges,  and  will  bear  the  shear*,  which  were  formerly 
applied  to  it,  to  shape  it  into  artificial  forms,  when 
lopiarjf  work  was  Iksbionable  in  garden   scenery.     It 
is  readily  pn^iagated  by  layera,  or  by  dciacbing   its 

-  12.  S.  (H.)  TBAUCTaiii'DEB  Pall.     The  Meadow- 
Rae-leated  Spirffia. 

limillcmUm.    I>^  yi.  But..  I.  p.  M. ;  Dec  Prod.,!  p.  Ml.;  Dqa'i 

Sfiia^mfl.    3.  amtteflKa^  FaB.  llltt.  »■  App.  TM.    No.  M.[  5.  *j- 

piricuaiu  TU.  <Un ;  ami  S.  ilptu  luKbtla. 
bfmbfi.    PJl.  Fl.  Rou..  t.  I.  IS. ;  Hid  rjurj^.  B«9. 

Sfrc.  Char.,  ifc.     Leaves  obovate,  obtuse,  iniliatinctiy 
3-lobed,  inconspicuoualj  3-nerved,  glaucous  beneath. 
Flowers  iu  lateral  sessile  omhels.  {liec.  Prod.)     A    fi 
low  erect  shrub.     Alps  ofDahuria.     Height  I  ft.  to  f^ 
3ft.    Introduced  in  Mtie.    Flowers  white;  H^  and 
June,    Ceprale  reddish  )  ripe  io  September.  m.  t.  lu  ajwiJii^ 

•  13.  S.  cunbifo'lai  Wall.    The  wedge-leaved  Spiraa. 

C(C..  6M.I  BM.Il(t.  M.CIiniB.    M9.  No.ar. 
Enui   Dw  Pnd.  i    Dae.   Prod.,  S.  f.  SU.J 

Liui'i  HUl..  I  p.  aj».  I  S.  uttnu*  Ban. 

Spec.  Oiar.,  4c,  Leaves  oval  or  obovate,  obtuse, 
stalked,  quite  entire,  villous;  corymbs  crowded,  and 
amdl  as  the  branches  tomentose.  (Don'i  Afill.) 
Ad  CTect-bronched  canescent  shrub,  with  the  habit  of 
?.   In- 

catymbose  panicles. 

The  leavei  are  smaD,  thick,  downy,  wedge.4ha|>ed, 
and  either  crenated  near  the  point,  or  undivided ;  they 
are  bright  green  on  the  upper  side,  and  glaucous  be- 
neath, with  nothing  of  a  canescent  appearance,  which 
ia  only  visSile  when  they  are  dried.  ^^ 

■B  14.  5,  pibowik'nsis  Beuer.     The  Rkow  Spirffia.  ^^ 

p.  MJ.  i  Don'i  MllL,  *.  p.  419.  „„     .        _,^ 

EagrmiiMg,    Our  A- OW.  In  p- 000.  "*■    *  ■'™*'"' 

Spec,  CKoT.,  ^c.     Leaves  with  three  primary  vema,  and  serrate  at  the  tip,  cu- 
neaxeJanceolate,  obtuse,  rarely  pointed.     Flowers  in  peduncled  corymbs. 

Kyee.  Prod.)  A  deciduous  shrub.     Podolia  at  Pikow.     Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft. 
trod.  Id  1807.    Flowers  white ;  June  and  July. 

m  15.   S.  cEai(0tbifoH.ia  Horn.    The  Ceanothus- 

leaved  SpirKa. 
UnlffktMm.    Bon.  Hcin.IUAi.,p.S.«eS.iI>cc.Frail.,t.p.Mt. 
Ji.f»«w.    ObtA-sII- 

■Ipec.  Char.,Sfc.  Leaves  ovate,  rounded  at  the  base, 
serrated  from  the  middle  to  the  tip  with  sharp  un- 
equal teeth.  Flowers  in  indistinctly  peduncled  , 
tomiiMl  eerymha.  (Dec.  Prod.)  An  erect  shrub. 
Native  coui^ry  unknown.  Hd;ght  3  ft.  to  4  ft. 
Inlroditeed  in  1883.      Flowers  white;  June  and  ^^^^^ 

Jaly.     Cipmile  reddish ;  ripe  in  September.  .    .'«■        i^ 


306  ARBORETUai    ET    FUUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

■  16.  5.  coRTHBo'si  Raf.  The  cor^mboie^ouining  8p 
MenMlealiim.  lUOn.  PrM>  dn  DtrMiTBiWi  Satnloliiglqan.  au  ZdoIi: 
ttIiiiuiilaiua{PiliniH,lSllj,  11.36.  iud  In  DH>.Jauni.B«.,  1811. 

GrvrjniWI.*    Lod.  DM.  Cab.,  t.  CTl.  I  in<]  aurj((.  619. 

Spec.  Char..  St".  Leaves  oval-oblong,  unequally  serraied,  gla- 
brous, green  above,  hoary  below.  Flowen  trigynoiii,  dis- 
posed in  terniinal  corymbs.  (Dec.  Prod.')  A  handsoniu  , 
shrub.  Virginia.  Height  4  ft.  to  5ft  lotrod.  in  1819. 
Flowers  wbite,  produced  in  great  abundance ;  June  and  July. 
Capsule  reddish ;  ripe  in  Sept. 

,  S,  c.  2  lorCria,  S.  sororin  /Vimj/  in  Hort.  Brit.,  is  a 

smaller  plant,  seldom  growing  higher  than  3  ft.,  and  flowert   ruthe 
later  than  the  species. 
A  very  desirable  species,  on  account  of  its  large  corymbs  of  white  flowers 
iind  its  distincineas  io  external  character. 

^  17.  S.  cacciniifo'lu  D.  Don.  The  Vaccinium-leared 
Spirtea. 

linlifiallim,    Don  Prod.  Fl  Nip.,  I.  p.  3tT.  i  Dec.  Ptul.,  1,  p.  SM.  -, 

^1HM^"«.    &•  ddiKrlLfAlla  Hori. 

fivraWivi.    BaL  CU>..  I.  ItSO.  I  uid  «ir  4(.5II. 

Sjiec.  Cher.,  ^c.     Upright.     Bmnchlcts  boiry.     Leaves 

elliptical,  acute,  serrated  at  the  tip,  glabrous,  glaucous 

on  the  under  surface.     Flowers  disposed  in  terminal 

tomentose  cymes,  a  few   in   a   cyme.    (Dfc,  Prod.) 

An  upright  shrub.     Nepal.     Height  2  ft.  to  3 ft.    Xn- 

ivoduced  in  \S20.    Flowers  white ;  July  and  August. 

Capsule  reddish  ;  ripe  in  October. 

._  18.  S.  laxiplo'ra  Lhidl.    The  loose-flowered 

Unitlfltatiam.    LIndl,  Hot.  Hef.  H.  Clinn.  IBS),  No.  89.  "^   *  ■"'■""'I'" 

Cnf  milv.    OuiJIg,  DOO.  Id  p.  OM. 

Spec,Char.,^c,  Branches  weak, round, downy.  Leaves  smooth, ovate-crenatc 
long-stalked,  glaucous  beneath.  Panicles  loose,  villose.  Petals  rellexcd 
(Lmdi.)  A  shrub  resembling  5.  iiaccinii folia  in  the  form  of  the  leave: 
and  the  colour  of  their  under  surface.  Nepal.  Height  1  ft.  to  Eft.  Intro 
duced  in  1038.  Flowers  white,  in  targe,  loose,  shaggy  panicles ;  July  aiii 
August. 

^  i9.  S.  bb'lla  Simi.     The  beautiful  SpWxa. 


Spec.  Char.,  <f'c.  Stems  erect,  branched,  glabrous, 
and  reddish.  Leaves  ovate,  acute,  sharply  scr- 
nited,  whitishly  tomentose  on  the  under  surface. 
Flowers  pretty,  rose-coioured,  in  corymbs  laxly 
dispoKd.  Lobes  of  the  calyx  detlexcd.  (Dec. 
Prod.)  An  erect,  loose-growing  shrub.  Nepal.' 
Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introd.  1820.  Flowers  beau- 
tilid  rose^oloured ;  May  and  June.  Capsule  red- 
dish i  rijie  in  September. 

This  species  is  as  hardy,  a 
gated,  as  that  very  common  shri    , 
which  species  it  diflen  in  ilr<  loose  branchy  manner 
of  growth,  and  in  the  flowers  being  in  corymbs.  One 
of  the  most  beautiful  species  of  the  genus. 


XXTI.    SOSA^CEM:    SPIRJE^A. 


J  iii.   Spirdria  Ser. 

SkI.  Oar.  Ovaries  distinct  Torus  with  its  base  connate  with  the  tube  of 
Ihe  calyx ;  its  tip  separate.  Carpels  not  inflated.  InSorescence  a  panicle. 
Leaves  serrate,  without  stipules.  (Dec.  Prod.,  a.  p.  544.) 


A   20.    S.   JU.IC1Fa'LIA 

.In.  Gp^  TOO.  1  CuBb.  Modi 


The  Willow-le*ved  Spirau, 

Due.  Prod.,  1  p.  m. 
datta-t  NeedlewDrk. 


Spec.  CTor.,  rfc.  Stem  and  peduncles  glabrous.  Leaves  lanceolate,  serrated, 
and,  more  or  less,  doubly  so  i  elabrous.  Lobes  of  the  calyx  triangular, 
ipreading.  Carpels  glabrous.  (Dec.  Prod.)  An  erect  shrub.  Siberia, 
Tartarj,  and  Bonemia ;  also  of  Canada,  and,  perhaps,  of  Britain.  Height 
4ft.  to  6  ft.  Cultivated  in  1665.  Flowers  red;  July  and  August.  Cap- 
wle  red  ;  ripe  in  September.  ^^ 

IS  tbilows :  - 

t.  I   cirnea   Ait.   Hort.   Kew.    ed.   iii.   p.  254 
Oamb.  Mod.  (Eng.  Bot..  t.  1-168. ;  and  our_4. 516.) 
—  Leaves  lanceolate.     Panicles   consisting  of  ra- 
cemes more  or  less  spicated.     Petals  of  a  flesh  co- 
bur.     Bark  of  the  branches  vellowiah.    This  is  the 
Form  found  wild  in  Britain  :' 
whether  it  be  indigenous  or 
not,  botanists  are  not  agreed. 
Professor      Henslow   consi- 
ders it  "possibly  introduced 
by  the  ngency  of  man." 
8.«.3a/pe.(™Pall.  Fi.Ross.  i. 
p.  ^6.  t.  33.,  Camb.  Mono". 
S.  alp^tris   Don',    Mill.  ii. 
p.  519.     {OatJ!g.  516.)— A  1 
small  shrub.    Leaves  shorter 
than  those  of  S.  t.  cornea. 
Branches  very  short. 
S.  a.  3  pamculdia    Willd.   Sp.  ii.  p.  1055..  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  ed  2    iii 
p.SW.     S.  UiM  EArA.  Bfritr.  vii.  p.  1^7.  (Ourj^.  517.)  — Leaves 
ovate-oblong.     Petals  white.     Bark  of  the  branches  red.  It  is  likely 
that  this  is  also  the  S.  filba  of  Miller,  of  Watt.  Demi.  Brit,  t,  133* 
aad  o(  MuAlenberg'i  Caiaicgue  cf  IfortA-AiaeTiean  PlanU.    '    '  ' 


8.  E.  +  laH/dHa  Willd.  Sp.  ii.  p.  1055.     S.  obovata  Baf.  in  LitL,  not  of 
Waldst.  et   Kit.,  according  to  Willd.  Enum.   541.;  S.  catinaifaiia 


308  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

WiUd.  Enum.  p.  540.,  Don'i  IHUI.  ii.  p.  SSO.  (Wati.  Dcnd.  Bril 
t.  66.;  •nd  our^.  5IS.)— Lenves  OTate-oblong.  Petali  white.  Bar 
of  branches  rather  redduh. 

•  8.  a.  5  grandifidra ;     S.  grandifldra  Lodd.  .Bat.  Cub,  t.  1 988.,  and  oi 

Jig.  519. ;  luB  its  pink  flowers  nearly  twice  as  larjce  ai  those  of  th 
species  ;  and  is  a  very  omameDtal  free-growing  shrub.  Rmsed  froi 
seeds  tent  from  Kamtschntka,  in  183G. 

•  S.  ■  6  la&rica.  S.  talirica  Hort. — An  upright  shrub,  8  ft.  to  10  ft.  hi^ 

tolerably  distinct,  and  coming  into  flower  before  any  other  TarieC] 

Hart.  Soc  Garden, 
OOar  Vanetiet  or  Sgnimvmet.    The  following  kinds,  in  Messrs.  Loddigei 
collection  and  in  that  of  the  Hort.  Sac.,  are  either  varieties  of,  or  identic) 
with,  S.  lalidfolia :  —  S.  canadensis,  S.  urticfefblia,  S.  hiciniata,  S.  chamtedr 
folia,  S.  lanceolitta,  S.  farpinifolia,  S.  refleia,  S,  incarnikto. 

This  species  sends  up  numerous  straight  rod-Uke  stems,  and  these  and  th 
lateral  brenchea  terminate  in  large,  conical,  spiked  panicles,  of  pale  red,  o 
flesh-coloured,  flowers.  In  deep  moist  soils,  a  sucker  will  atl 
4ft.  in  one  Beason,  and  flower.  These  suckers  are  produc< 
dance,  that,  in  order  to  keep  the  shrub  in  a  vigorous  state,  the; 
down  when  they  have  flowered  two  years,  in  the  same  mannt 
with  raspberries ;  and  the  entire  plant  ought  also  to  be  take 
or  four  years,  and  separated ;  otherwise  the  old  shoots  an 
render  the  bu^  unughtly.  It  is  one  of  the  hardiest  of  rardc 
also,  very  beautiful,  from  it*  long  spicate  panicles  fuU  of  light 
flowers. 

»  SI.  S.  Menzib'b//  Hook.    Meniies's  Sjnnea. 

HemUficalbm.    Hook.  FI.Bnr.  Aiht.,  p.  m.i  Dod'i  Ulll.,  &  n.taL 
SotmiiiK,    Out  tlf.  MO.  tram  ■  nxcllllcli  Id  Dr.  Moolv't  Wbulum. 

Spec.  Char.,  rjt.  Branches  pubescent  at  the  apex,  as  well  i 
the  peduncles  and  calyces.  Sepals  refleied.  Leaves  ellipti 
coarsely  and  unequally  serrated  towards  the  apex,  glabrou 
the  same  colour  on  both  surfaces;  panicle  crowded  wil 
flowers,  oblong,  obtuse.  Flowers  small.  Stamens  twice  tl 
length  of  the  corolla ;  ovaries  5,  glabrouB.  {Don'i  Mill)  A 
erect  shrub.  North  America,  on  the  west  coast.  Helgl 
Sft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  in  1838.  Flowers  rosc-colourec 
June  and  July.  ,^  ^  Mmha 

jt  22.  S.  TOMBNTo^A  L.    The  downy  S{nrtea. 

OnUfiaUm.    lln.  Bp.,  Wl.  i  Curnb,  Monot. ,  D«.  Pro*., i.a.W.i  Dm'. Mill.  1  b  nn 

Hiptmymr.    S.  Douglllrt  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Aniiir.  p.  17t.  k- —"- 

Eniaari»ff      Pluk.  Pbn..  t.  SII.  f.  it.;  Setimldl  Art>.,  I.  LSI.;  Ud  our  J((.  Ml. 

Spec.  Char.,  Src.  Nearly  all  the  parts  of  this  plant  are  more 
or  less  clothed  with  tomentum,  the  under  auriace  of  the 
leaves  most  so.  The  tomentum  upon  the  stem  and  pe- 
duncles, and  perhaps  elsewhere,  is  of  a  reddish  colour. 
The  leaves  are  ovate  and  serrated,  the  latter  partly  doubly 
10.  Lobes  of  the  calyx  triangular  and  deflexed.  Carpels 
divaricate^  (D«:.  Prod.)  An  erect  shrub.  Canada,  on 
mountains.  Height  Sft.  to  Sft.  Introduced  in  1814. 
Flowers  white;  June  and  Julv.  Capsule  reddish  ;  fine  in 
Sepieinbcr. 

This  species,  or  subspecies,  in  its  mode  of  growth,  re-  ^ 
sembles  S,  ialiciBlia ;  but  differs  from  it  in  having  rather  ^ 
smaller  and  more  deeply  serrated  leaves,  which  are  very  to- 
maltose  beneath.     The  flowers  are  much  smaller,  and  of  a 
deeper  rod. 


XXVI.  jSosa^'ceje:  srinjRA, 


309 


M  23.  S.  latiga'ta  L,    The  smooth'leaved  Spiraea. 

idm^kaUom.    Un.  Mant,  944.  {  Cambi  Honog. ;   Dec  Prod,  S.  p.  544. ; 

Don's  Hill..  2.  p.  619. 
4nMMMMes.    5.  altaSctesls  Ltum.  Ko9,  Jet  Petnm.  1ft.  p.  ftU.  t.  99.  £  S. ; 

&  dtika  Po/i.  fZ.  Am*.  1.  p.  979. 
EagranHgs.    Vor.  AcL  FttCrop.,  t.  99.  f.  2. ;  Pall.  FL  Bom.,  1. 1. 93. ;  and 

oarA-«9. 

Spec.  Char.,  4^e.  Leaves  obovate-oblong,  perfectly  smooth, 
eodre,  sessile,  tipped  with  a  small  mucro.  tiranchlets 
of  the  panicle  cylindrical.  Bracteas  linear,  rather  shorter 
than  the  calyx.  Lobes  of  the  calyx  triangular,  ascending. 
(Dec,  Prod,)  A  spreading  shrub.  Siberia,  in  valleys  at 
the  foot  of  the  more  lofty  of  <  the  Altaian  Mountains. 
Height  2  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introd.  in  1774.  Flowers  white  ; 
May  and  June.    Capsule  reddish ;  ripe  in  September. 

A  very  interesting  and  handsome  species,  with  a  habit 
exceedingly  dissimilar  to  that  of  spiraeas  in  general.  sts.  &  lavigkim. 

ft  24.  S,  ARisFO^hiA  Smith,    The  White-Beam-tree-leaved  Spirasa. 

UtMkatim.    Smith,  lo  Keea't  Cyclop.,  toI.  3Sw  ;  Bot  Reg.,  1 1966. ;  Dec  Prod.,  L  p.  644. ;  Doa'a 
JfuL,  9.  p.  690. 

BoC  Beg.,  t.  laeOi ;  and  oorjlgt,  623.  624. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c, '  Leaves  elliptical,  oblong, 
more  or  less  lobed,  toothed,  pale,  villose 
beneath.  Pimicle  villose.  (l)ec.  Prod,) 
An  erect  bushy  shrub.  North  America, 
principally  on  the  north-west  coast. 
Height  6  ft.  to  8  ft.  Introduced  in  1827. 
Flowers  white ;  June  and  July.  Capsule 
reddish  ;  ripe  in  September. 

A  free-growing  dense  bush,  prolific  both 
in  leaves  and  flowers  ;  and,  as  the  latter 
appear  at  a  season  when  the  flowering  of 
shrubs  is  comparatively  rare,  it  is  justly 
considered  as  a  most  valuable  addition  to 
British  gardens.  It  is  perfectly  hardy,  will  grow  in  any  free  soil,  and  is  easily 
propagated  either  by  division  or  by  se^s,  which  it  ripens  in  abundance. 

§  iv.  Sorbdria  Ser. 

Sect  Char,  Leaves  pinnate,  resembling,  as  the  name  implies,  those  of  the 
mountain  ash,  or  other  species  of  Pynis  belonging  to  the  section  iSorbus. 

A  25.  S.  JOBBiFO^LiA  L,    The  Sorbus-leaved  Spirsea. 

ideai^cttiiom.    Lfn.  Sp.,  709. ;  Camb.  Monog. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  9.  p.  646. 

tmiomifme.    &  ninnlLta  Meenck  Metk.  SSL 

hmgnebtgB,    Gnel.  Fl.  Sib.,  3.  p.  190.  c  40. ;  Schmidt  Bbum.,  1. 1.  68. ;  and  oaxjig,  695. 

Spec,  Char,,  ifr.  Leaves  stipuled,  pinnate ;  the  leaflets  sessile,  opposite,  lan- 
ceolate, doubly  and  sharply  serrated.  Inflorescence  a  thyrse-like  panicle. 
Torus  wholly  connate  with  the  tube  of  the  calyx.  Ovaries  connate,  5. 
(Dee,  Prod,)  A  thick  stiff-branched  shrub.  Siberia,  in  moist  places.  Height 
3ft.  to  6  ft.  Introd.  in  1759.  Flowers  white;  July  and  August.  Capsule 
reddish ;  ripe  in  September. 

«.  S.  s.  2  alpina   Pall.  Fl.  Ross.  i.  p.  34.  and   89.  t.  25.     S.  grandifldra 

Sweefs  Hort.  BrU,  p.  194.;    S,  Pallasn  Don's  Mill.  ii.  p.  520 

Sufihiticose.  Flowers  twice  the  size  of  those  of  the  species,  and 
disposed  in  corymbs.  Leaves  smaller,  and  scrrately  incised.  A  na- 
tive of  Eastern  Siberia  and  of  Kamtscfaatka.  (Dec,  Prod,)  This  is 

X  3 


310  ARBOKETUM    ET    FRUTICEIUM  BBITANNICUM. 

very  different  from  S.  t.  gmndifl^  the 

5.  grandifldra  of  Lodd.,  dewribed  ebore, 

among  the  varieties  at  S.  jslicifoliB. 
S.  wjrbifolia  is  a  branchy  ihrub,  growing  to  the 
height  of  6  or  8  feet,  with  a  round,  brown- 
coloured,  warty  stem  i  the  wood  of  which  is 
brittle,  and  hollow  within,  with  a  soft  ferruginous 
pith.  The  leaves  are  thin  in  texture,  and  bright 
green  on  both  sides.  The  flowers  are  in  termi- 1 
noting  panicles  and  small ;  they  are  odorouSj  but 
not  agreeably  bo.  In  dry  rocky  situations,  it 
docs  not  rise  above  1  ft.  in  height,  and  is  sub- 
herbaceous.  It  deserves  a  place  in  even^  collec- 
tion, from  its  marked  character,  and  from  the  j„  ..„wb 
beauty  both  of  its  foliage  and  its  fiowers.  It 
throws  up  abundance  of  Buckers,  by  which  it  is  easily  propagated. 

■  26.  S.  LindlkvaVa  Wall.   Lindley's  Spirsa. 

/AiUMcotrlgii.    Wall.  CU.,  and  Cud.  Mu,  ISM,  p.  1, 
EngratHv     Oat  Jlf.  bX,  from  Uu  LIdiuui 

^tec.  Char.,  4'c.  Leaflets  ovate 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  6nely  and 
sharply  eeirated.  A  large  shrub. 
Nepal.  Height  6  ft.  to  8  ft. 
Flowers   white;    July  and  Au>       .  > 


The  leaves  are  larger  than  those 
"        other  species  of  the  genus  j  _ 
together,  it  forms  a  remark- 
dsome  plant,  we  "   ' 
n  coUeetiona. 


any  other  species  of  the  genus ; 
and,  idtogether,  it  forms  a  remark-    _^^_ 
ably  hanu^me  plant,  well  deserving      ...^ 


A  Seieetion  of  Speriet. — The  fol- 
lowing kinds,  in  the  London  gar- 
dens, appear  distinct:  — 

1.  S.  lomeniota,  comprehending 
S.  Tobolsk!. 

2.  S.  iJiameedrifiUa,  comprehend- 
ing  S.  AetulKfolia,   S.  da^rica,  S. 

sibiricii,  S.  laciniata.  _ 

3.  S.  sa/ioi/odia,  comprehending  A  *"■  "■"""o'm. 
canadensis,  S.  grandijldra,  S.  naniculiita,  S.  urtidefdlia,  5.  hinceolala,  S.  ra 
pinif&lia,  S.  reflexa,  S.  incarnata,  S.  taurica. 

4.  S,_fiexubiii,  comprehending  S.  ulmiTdlia,  S.  carpinifdlia,  S.  AetuUfolia,  an 
perhaps,  some  others. 

&.   S.  billa.  S.   S.  carymbosa.  7.   8.  euaei^tia. 

8.  S.  vacdnHJiilia.  9.   S'.  latijlora. 

10.  8.  \ti/peticifii^,  comprehending  S.  crenatu,  5.  infl^xa  WnuUajid  (I 
S.  Gard),  S.  obovita  Wndlaad  (H.  S.  Oard.),  S.  ar^enCea,  S.  cuneata, 
nana,  S,  alplna,  S,  acnlifolia,  S.  declimbens. 

11.  S.  obloagifblia  Wendland,  apparently  an  upright  fostigiate  variety  i 
S.  Aypericifdlia- 

IS.  S.  aJna.  13.  S.  trUobala. 

14.  S.  sorlnfdlia,  coraprehcndiog  S.  picowiensis  of  Loddiges,  which  \s 
totally  diflTcrent  plant  from  the  S.  pJEowifnsis  of  Besser,  our  No.  14. 
p.  305. 

15.  8.  Liiid/rj/aaa. 


XXVI.  bosa'cejb:  su'bus. 
Sect.  III.     Potenti'lle*. 


UUu 


KtTBUS  L.     Thb  BsAMnLB.     Lin.   St/it.  IcoBindria  Polyg^nii 


■yiiitma.    Koart,  FVinbatikr.  fr.  i  Hlnibaert,  BrnnbnnlrMKh,  (Jrr. 

Orritilim.    Tiou  rut,  nd  In  Celtic  i  to  nftrena  to  cht  calniir  of  tb  trull  In  un*  at 

Gn.  Ouu.  Calyx  flattiBh  at  the  iiotloni,  5-cleft.  Pelali  5.  Stamimt  m 

mteneA  \a  the  caljx  along  with  the  petals.     Carpeli  or  Ackenia   numerous, 

fleahj,  disposed  in  a  head  upon  an  eleTBted  torus.     Style$  lateral,  near  the 

apei  of  the  carpel.    (Don'i  MUi.) 
Leava  compound,  dictate,  pinnate  or  lobed,  stipulate,  deciduous  or  sub- 

n'Li^reea ;  with  the  l^ets  usually  stalked.     Fkwcrt  white  or  pink,  in 

tcnuDsl  racemes.     Fnal  edible. 

Shrubs,  deciduous,  subligneous,  with  prickly  atems  i  for  the  most  part  pro- 
itnte,  but  a  few  of  them  growing  upright.  Some  of  tbem,  such  as  R.  frud- 
taoK,  maj  be  considered  as  sub-evereecn,  as  they  retain  the  greater  part  of 
ibor  la*et  in  a  green  state  through  the  winter.  All  the  kinds  populailv 
(ailed  brambles  may  be  considered  as  gigantic  atrawberrv  plants ;  and  all 
tbeir  shoots  are  u<i«i  by  thatchers,  and  makers  of  beehires,  straw  mats, 
^.  NoleMlhanW  supposed  species  of  the  genus  are  described  and  figured 
in  the  AbU  Germanipi  at  Weifae  and  Nees  von  Esenbeck.  The  number  of 
■pecks  in  BtigHth  Botany  is,  in  Dr.  Lindley'i  Sytu^it  of  the  BriliiA  Flora, 
it ;  whkh,  he  says,  may  be  reduced  to  5,  or  possibly  to  2,  exclusive  of  the  her- 
heceous  species.  In  Von't  Miller,  147  are  given  as  the  total  number  described  by 
botamsta.  We  shall  only  notice  such  as  are  tolerably  distinct,  and  which  are  in 
cullivatioii  in  British  gardens.  The  propagation  of  the  shrubby,  or  raspberry-like, 
Q>eciesofiIubus  is  effected  by  suckers  or  seeds;  that  of  the  bramble  division  ot 
Ihegenus  by  paging  down  the  points  of  the  shoots  to  the  soil,  when  they  will 
loot,  and  throw  out  other  shoots,  which  may  agHin  be  pegged  down ;  so  that 
plaou  are  procured  from  brambles  much  in  the  same  way  as  from  strawberries. 


$  L  Leaves  piiaiate,  of  3 — 7  Leaflets. 
1   1.  R.  soBBaE'cTUs  Andfrt.     The  sub-erect  Bramble. 

If  ■■«.    LinOiT.  In  hi>  Bun.  <t[  Uu 
Ji.  pttOnit  W.»S^not  at  Sb^,  U 

IfritliifL    Bog.  jBal.,t.»71.i  audi 

^.Char^  <^c.  Stem  erect.  Leaf  of  never  more  than  5  leallets.digitatc,  occa- 
sionally pinnate,  thin,  shin- 

iri|,aDd  plaited.  I^owers  in 

simple  cornnbose  racemes. 

Prickles    weak.      [IMdl.)  , 

A  sub-erect  thnrf).  firitun, 

in  moist  woods  and  by  the 

adei   of  rmileta,    chiefly 

in  the   northern   counties. 

etema3ft.to4ft.  Flowers 

wbiEe ;  Joiw  to  September, 

Fnut  pale  purple ;  ripe  in 


S12  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICET 

The  sterns  are  biennial,  and  flower  the  » 
mon  raspberry,  afterwards  dying  off.  The 
dark  red,  or  blood-coloured,  ag^^te  grai 
vour  or  the  raspberry  ;  whence  it  naa  been 
not  unwonbj  of  cultivation. 

2.  J?.  iFFl'Nls  Wfihe  ^  Nea. 


IL.  SraDM.  Br.  F1.,  Sd  td.  p.  93.  S3. 

t*3I»ta  St*.  Br.  n.  (d.  I .  J  fl.  pllului  Bi 
EnfTimiif  I.    Wdfat  lud  Nm'i  R.  C..  t.  3.  u 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Stem  nrched, 
angled,  prickly  with  strong  re- 
curved prickles,  glabrous.  Leaf- 
lets 3—5  in  a  lea^  ovate  with  > 
a  heart-Hhaped  base,  cuspidute,  ( 
sharply  serrated,  flat  at  the  base, 
a  little  waved  towards  the  tip, 
having  downy  tomentum  beneath. 
Flowers  in  a  compound  panicle, 
the  component  ones  cymose.  Se- 
pals ovale-acuminate,  entcmally 
naked,  reflexed.  Carpels  large, 
blue-bJack.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  low 
bramble.  Germany,  also  of  barren 
hills  of  Montpelier,aDd  of  Britain, 
in  boggy  places.  Flowers  white  j 
July  end  August. 

-t  R.  a.  2  bradeotut  Ser.     R.a.yatu 
t.  3.  b.  —  Bracteas  very  broad,  un 

a  3.  J?,  micra'ntrus  D.  Don.     Tt 

Ment^flcalio*-    Doa  Pnd.  Fl.  Knil     n.  3K  ■  D« 

Prod-.S.  p,8»7.i  Don'.  UHL.  a  p.  UO,  ' 

^™*^j  jj^-  la^Jaa™  LHuUrg  In  BbI.  Rig.,  Hon. 
Biy™il^i^^  Bot.    Htk.,   t   SM..  u  JI.    pwiclBbnu 

%)ec.  Char.,  ^c.  Upright.  Stem  round, 
branched,  and  bou'ing  awl-shaped  in* 
flexed  prickles,  or  straight  prickles,  and 
the  branches  recurvej  ones.  Young 
branchlets  rather  glaucous  at  the  ex- 
tremity. Leaf  pinnate,  of  5 — 7  leaflets, 
that  are  ovate  or  oblong,  mucronate, 
doubly  serrated,  plaited;  green  and  glossy 
above ;  whitishly  tonienlose,  or  else  glau- 
cous,  beneath.  Petiole  and  rachis  bear- 
ing prickles  heres 
huiceolate,  acuin 
small,  reddish  p 
corymbose  panic 
shorter  than  the  i 
A  gigantic  brainb 
8  ft.  to  20  ft.  In 
bright  reddish  pur 
Fruit  black ;  rip« 
young  wood  of  ad 


XXVI.  AosACEf:  Jiu'nus.  313 

'  It  a  GBnIy  distinguished  from  all  the  other  brambles  ia  Bridah  gardens,  by  its 
Hirl}'  erect,  strong,  smooth,  dark  mBhogany-coloured  shooti,  and  by  its  rery 
long  pinnate  leaves.  The  flowers  are  small,  aiid  the  petals  are  of  a  bright 
reddish  purple,  and  ehorta  than  the  sepiJs.     The  fhiit  b  of  a  blackish'  pur- 

fcof  toe  Diiddle  size  ;  depresaedly  Epherical,  and  covered  with  a  fine  bloom. 
!  grains  are  fleshy,  with  a  sveet  subacid  taste.  This  ^edes  throws  up 
aicLers  sparingly ;  but  its  maguiiicent  shoots  arch  over  after  they  get  to 
6  w  8  feet  in  hei^t,  and  grow  toanching  and  flowering  on  every  side,  till  they 
retch  the  ground,  when  their  extreme  points  strike  root,  and  form  new  plants. 
Horticultural  Society's  Garden, 

•  4.  £.  occidbnta'lis  L.     The  Western,  or  American,  Bramble. 


. Sp.-TIK.  1  Dec.Piod^l.B.  HM.i  DtPii'iMIU..  ».B.M|. 

4h«w).   g.  rliglMom  Hvrt.  i  Jt.Hm'vtMaaBlgto  Dm. 

^pinit.   SloHw  Jvn..  1.913.  f.l.i  Dili.  Han.  Bit.,  t.ai7.f.i19.  i  nad  oar fy.  iSi. 

^.  Char^  $c.     The  whole  plant  is  pretty  glabrous. 

Stems  round  and  whitish.   Prickles  recurved.   Leaves 

of  the  barren  branches  pinnate ;  of  the  fertile  branches 

DiTolioIate.     Leaflets  ovate,  incisely  serrated,  whitely  ^ 

lomeotosebeneatli.    Stipules  very  narrow,  and  bristle- 
like.  Flowers  in  umbels.    Peduncle  prickled.   Sepals 

Isoceolole-lineuT,  tomentosc,  longer  than  the  petab, 

■hich  are  obovately  wedge-shaped,  two-lobed,  and  t 

spixading.     Fruit  black,  and,  of  the  form  of  that  of  I 

^.  idx'us.     Carpels  nuinerous,  rather  glabrous  ;  be-  ' 

coning,  by  drying,  nigged  with  little  hmlows.     (Dec.  i 

Prod.)    A  But^«rect  shrub.     Canada  and  the  West  I 

Indies.    Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.     Introduced  in  1696. 

Flowers  white  i  May  and  June.    Fruit  black  ;  ripe  in        ml   ,  miiiinii, 

August.     Hordcultursl  Society's  Garden. 

•  5.  R.  iDJiljs  L.   The  Mount  Ida  Bramble,  or  common  Jtatpicny. 
UiVifo^m.    LIci.  sp..  THE. ;  I 

~  Tbs  BaipU  II  «llal  111  Grs 
■hkh  ll  (lasHh  ;  In  BlgUib. 
AfFWEWi.    E^.  Biit..t.SMl. 

'  Spec.  Char.,  ^e.  Villose.  Stem  round,  bearing  slender  recurved  prickles. 
I  Leafei  pmnate ;  those  of  the  fertile  stems  of  3  leaSets,  those  of  tlie  sterile 

I  Items  of  b,  rather  palmatcly  disposed.     Leaflets  ovate,  incisely  serrated, 

whitely  tomentose  beneath.     Stipules  very  narrow  and  bristle-like.  Flowers 

ia  ft  corvmbose  panicle.  Sepals  ovate-lanceolate,  whitely  tomentose,  ending 
I  in  a  pomt.     Petals  obov ate- wedg&«h aped,  entire,  connivbg,  shorter  than 

,  the  calyx.   Caqiels  numerous,  tomentose.  (Dec.  Prod.)     An  upright  shrub, 

with  a  creeping  root  and  biennial  stems.  Europe,  and,  prob^ly,  Asia, 
I  Africa,  and  America.    Found  in  eveij  part  of  Great  Britwn,  and  in  Ireland, 

rn  the  agricultural  and  subalpine  regions,  in  woods,  and  in  moist  wastes. 

Height  4 ft.  to  8 fC     Flowers  while;  May,  June,  and  July.     Fruit  red; 

ripe  in  JuJy,  August,  and  September. 

•  R.  t.  2  itMToph^Utu  Watb.   Sched.  p.  S£e.  —  Leaves  all  of  3  leaflets. 

Stan  Euflhiticose ;  dwarfer  and  more  bushy  than  the  species.  (Dec. 

Pr»t.)  "^ 

Garden  FarietUt.     There  are  varietiet  with  red  fruit,  yellow  fruit,  and 

white  fruit ;  and  one  which  bears  twice  in  the  year. 

The  fruit  of  the  species,  in  a  wild  state,  is  crimson,  amd  consists  o{  nume- 

roos  juicy  grains,  beset  with  the  permanent  styles,  and  hi^ly  fragrant ;  with  a 

•ei^  delidouslv  sweet,  and  yet  sli^tly  acid  flavour,  when  eaten.     Improved 

vaneties  of  it  have  long  been  in  cultivation  in  gardens,  for  the  fruit,  which  is 

ddigjitfully  fragrant,  and  grateful  to  the  palate  in  itaelf,  and  is  used  in  nu- 


AltDORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    DRITANNICUM. 


i  culiaary  and  conrectionery 

well  as  in  liqueun.  The 

aapberry  requires  a  vegetable  »oil, 


aiticlea,  as  well  as  ii 


ratner  moist,   soft,   and   not  i 

deep ;  because  most  of  the  roots, 

like  those  of  all  other  planLt  that 

throw  up  numerous  suckers,  keep 

near  the  surlsce;  and  the  situation    I 

should  be  shaded,  rather  than  fully    | 

expoaed  to  the  meridian  sun.    In  a    , 

wild  state,  it  is  almost  always  found 

more  or  less  shaded  by  trees,  but    I 

not  under  their  drip ;  and  in  woods,    I 

the  utuation  of  which  is  rather  low    i 

and  moist,  than  hilly  and  rock;  or    ' 

dry.     The  root  bctonss  to  that  descripdoD  which  is  called  travelhng;  that  i 

the  suckers  extend  tnemseWei  all  round  the  central  plant,  so  a>  e>eiy  yei 

to  come  up  in  fresh  soil.     Hence,  as  Miller  observes,  a  raspberry  plantatio 

requires  to  be  renewed  every  fi»e  or  ail  years. 

$  ii.   Leaves  digitate,  of  3—5  LeqfleU. 


^  6.  R.  lacima'ti;s   W.     The  cutJeaved  Bramble. 
Dec.  Prod^.  1  p.  us. ;  Don'j 


:l  benl  B 


Spec.  Char.,  SfC.    Stem  rather  round,  bearing  stout 

recurred    prickles,    compressed   at   the    base. 

Leaflets  3— S,  pinnately  cut,  sharply  serrate,  a 

little  downy  beneath.  Flowers  in  loose  panicles, 

white  or  rose-coloured.    Sepals  lanceolate,  leafy 

at  the  tip,  tomentosc,  prickled,  reflexed.    Petals 

wedge^haped,    3-lobed   at   the   tip.      Carpels 

roundish,  dork-coloured.  (Die.  Prod.)    A.  large 

and  handsome  bramble.      Stems  4  n.  to  10  ft. 

Flowers  white,  or  rose-coloured  j  June  to  Sep- 
tember.    Fruit  black;  ripe  in  August.     Kakeit 

young  wood  of  a  fine  purple  colour. 

The  appearance  of  ibis  plant  is  that  of  the 
common  bramble,  except  in  the  leaflets,  which, 
from  their  bdng  deeply  cut,  are  strikingly  difTerent. 
Where  it  was  first  found  is  unknown  (  but  it  is.  in  *""   "■'•* 

all  probability,  only  a  variety  of  the  common  bramble,  analogous  t 
leaved  variety  of  the  elder  (Smibucus  nigra  taciniiita.}     H.  5. 

ji  7.  S.  cx^slus  L.     The  grey  Bramble,  or  Deu-bmy. 
Mnuaiorin<m.    LId.  Sd.,  TOC.  :   Dk  Prod.,  3.  p.  US. ; 

Don-iMLU.,!.  p^lrf. 
Emgrawngt.    N.  Du    Hum.,  S.  t.  39. ;    Hayae  AbblhL, 

1. 100. 1  Bn|.  BM..  t.  836,  (  ua  our.^.  U6. 
spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Stem  trailing,  round,  in 
many  instances  suffused  with  a  grey  bloom, 
bearing  slender  and  a  little  recurved 
prickles.  Leaflets  3  in  a  leaf,  ovate,  doubly  I 
serrated  or  crenated,  glabrous,  or  obscurely 
ciliated.  Panicle  almost  simple.  Sepals 
Petals   white.      Fruit 


XXVI,  JIosa'c£Jv:  su'bus.  815 

vooda  and  hedges.     Stem  4  ft.  to  8  ft.     Flowen  white  i  June  and  July. 
Fruit  black  ;  ripe  in  Augtut. 

J,  R.  f.  S  onhMi  Wallr.  Sched,  p.  888. 
R.  paeildo-cz^gius  Weiht,  according 
to  Em.  Meyer  in  Litt. —  Leaflets 
tonientose  beneath.  Bianchca  pu- 
berutous. 
Ji  R.  f .  3  gramhfldna  Ser.  —  Pubescent. 

Petab  and  sepnla  long. 
A  R.c.4f)artii;/o^utWallr.  Sched.,  p.  228. 
(Our  Jig.  535.)  —  Stem  ascending, 
purplish,  ultimately  naked.      Leaves 
small,  incisel;  lobed.  Peduncle  1 — 3- 
flowered.       A    native    of   herbage- 
covered  hills. 
J  R.  c.  5  Biiit  Tori^dtii  Hort.  has  varie- 
gated leavet. 
A  low,  weakly,  straggling,  prostrate  plant, 
having  the  flower?  with  blush-coloured  petals, 
«Dd  Ae  ftiiit  small,   with  few  grains  ;  but  *"■  *°***- 

these  large,  juicy,  black,  with  a  fine  glaucous  bloom,  and  very  agreeably  acid. 

This  tpeaei  varies  exceedingly  in  the  siie  of  Its  " — ' ' ■"  ■'■'v~-™.« 

litDadona,  whence  have  arisen  many  varieties. 


ts  flowers  and  leaves  in  different 


■*  8.  B.  cobylifo'lius 


The  HazeUeaved  Bramble. 


tit  if  Brit.  Flan,  cd.a. 


Spec.  Cher.,  Src.  Stem  angled,  beating  straightish  prickles.  Leaflets  3 — 5, 
cordflte-ovate,  firm,  doubly  serrated,  pilose  beneath.  Panicle  nearly  sim- 
ple. Flowers  white.  Soials  ovate.actuninate,  ultimately  reflexed.  Carpels 
pufplish-blue,  and  large.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  large  bramble.  Native  of  Europe, 
e^>ecially  in  the  southern  part;  and  frequent  in  Britain,  in  hedges  and 
thkkets.  Stems  6  ft.  10  121^.  Flowers  white;  JuneandJuly.  Fruit 
purplish  blue  or  black,  large ;  ripe  in  August. 


^  B- c.  S nfniM  Wallr.  Sched.  p.23l. — 
Leaflets  all  mmilar  in  form,  roundish 
beart-shaped,  whitishly  tomratose 
upon  both  surfaces. 


*  R.c.  3  gAmdii^orai  Wallr.  Sched.  p.  231. 
/i  glanduloKus  Spreng.,  acconling 
to  Wallr.  (Oiir/g.  537.)— Stems, 
actiol*^  ^lld  peduncles  glandulous. 


-3>6  ARBORETUM    ET 

The  stems  are  long  and  trailing,  BomecimeB  arching,  glaucotia  and  potpli 
in  the  gjn,  and  green  in  the  shade  :  they  are  brittle  and  Cull  of  pith.  T 
flowers  are  large,  and  appear  earlier  than  those  of  most  o  fthe  British  specii 
The  berry  is  large,  agreeably  acid,  of  larger  and  fewer  grains  than  in  R.  fru 
cosiis,  and  of  a  bmwner  black :  they  are  ripened  before  those  of  R.  fruticde 
and  its  allies. 

According  to  Dr.  Lindley,  the  following  British  kinds  of  Aubus  may 
BSHOciated  with  R.  corylifolius  SmilA,  either  as  related  species,  or  as  vnHerie 
—  R.  raorrcniA^^iu  Weihe  &  Nees  (Eng.  Bet.  Suppl.,  1.2685.);  R.  citrphufnli 
WeiheA  Sees;  R.^wm-ofirr  Weihe  &  Neeg  ;  R.  JTiTAitri  fCrifc  *  N. 
(Eng.  Bot.  Suppl.,  I.  i!6U5.),  R.  pallidua  Wci/ic  ^  Nea ;  R.  glaadulamt  Smit: 
R.  riidu  Weihe  8c  Nets,  R.  echlnatus  of  ed.  1.  of  Lindl.  Synnpt.,  and  o 
H.  U.  No.  28335.;  R.  ditxrtifoliiu  LiiiJl.  Synops.  cd.  1.,  R,  diversifbli 
Weihe,  Hort.  Brit.  No.  28330. 

■  9.  R.  sfecta'bilis   Ph.     The  shavy-fiouiered  Bramble. 

JitxISIaiHon.    Fb.  Fl.  Amir.  SinL.  1.  p.  MS.  L  IG.  i  D«.  Prod..  1.  p.  US.  ;  Don'i  Hill.,  1.  p.  S 
^trati^i.    Ft  FL  Amar.'5«iil.,  t.  i'sTBoi'^Bg.,  um'"bol  C»1)..  I  !««.  i  mdourA.W*. 
Spec,  char.,  S/c.     Stem  not  bearing  prickles,  glabrous.     Leaf  of  three  lealle 
that   ore   ovate,   acute,   doubly  and   unequully  serrated,   dowoy   beneai 
Flowers  of  an  agreeable  purplish  coloi"  ----'--'  -■ — '-■ 
on   terminal   peduncles.      Sepals  obi  on 
acuminate,  shorter  than  the  petals.  (Dec. 
Prod.)     An  elegant   shrubby'  bramble. 
Native  of  North  America,  on  the  banks 
of  the  Columbia  River,  uid  the  north- 
west  coast.     Height   4 1^.  to  5  ft.     In- 
troduced in  16£T.  Flowers  rosy  purple, 
odoriferous ;    April    and   May.     Fruit 
lai^e,  dark  yellow;  ripe  in  July. 

Branches  subfleiuose,  round,  smooth  ;  "°'  •■««"'"*■ 

with  laive  odoriferous  flowers,  succeeded  by  large  dark-yellow  fruit,  of 
acid  and  somewhat  astringent  tante,  which  make  excellent  torts,  [t  mer 
a  pbce  in  every  colleccian,  both  as  a  flowering  shrub,  and  for  its  fruit. 

J,  10.  R.  FRUTico'sua  L.     The  shrubby  Bramble  or  common  Blachberry. 
Umligaitiim.    Un.  5n.,  TOT.  i  Wslhc  Bnd  N«>  RuU  GennuJci,  p.  n.  j  ]>«.  Prod.,  t.  p.  M 
n~.-.  Mill.,  i.  p.  (*C  .  •      r- 

.    R.  dlKslur  ud  R.  tbityiut.  In  l.htil.  Sgwipi.  qfBHI.  ftara,  cd.  I. 


Spec.  Char.,  4^.  Stem  erect,  and  afterwards  de- 
curved,  6-angled,  rather  tomentose,  bearing 
recurved  prickles.  Leaflets  3 — 5,  ovate-oblone. 
acute,  glabrous,  beneath  greyly  tomentose,  each 
on  a  secondary  petiole.  Panicle  decompound, 
narrow,  straignt.  Sepals  relleied,  almost  with- 
out  prickles.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  lar^  bramble. 
Native  of  Europe,  in  hedges,  tliickets,  and 
woods  ;  in  Britain  tdwundin^  in  the  ^icultural 
xone,  and  tolerably  frequent  in  the  u[iiand  zone; 
with,  according  to  Mr.  Winch,  a  limit  simitar  to 
that  of  f/iex  europn'a.  Stem  6fl.  to  IS  ft. 
Flowers  white,  or  rose-coloured ;  June  to 
August.  Fruit  purplish  black ;  ripe  August  to 
September  or  October. 

Farietkt. 

R./  S  pomponius  &r.     R.  fruticAsus  t 
Weihe  i   Ncei.   (Jig.  540:)  —  Flowers 


XXVI.    BOSA^CEm:    BU^BUS.  317 

semidouMe  or  double.  Leavci  pale  green ;  leaflett  oborate.  Cut- 
dnted  in  gardena.  This  variety  may  be  ccmaidered  as  highly  orns- 
menial,  from  the  large  siie  and  numerouB  petals  ot  its  flowers,  and 
ftom  its  very  vigorous  growth.  Though  ic  will  thrive  at  the  roots 
of  trees,  and  in  places  where  other  ornamental  plants  will  hnrdlj 
grow,  yet  it  produces  most  effect  when  it  is  trained  against  a  wall. 
J:  R.  ^  3  taiaicm  Hort.  is  a  Tigorous-grovine  plant,  which  produces  by 

nr  the  best  fruit  of  nny  vanety  of  bramble.     H.  S. 
J  R.  /  4jMrr  roteo  plena  Baum.  Cat. — Flowers  double  pink.     H.  S. 
.1  K.  ^  &  Jo/iii  variegitii. — Leaves  vari^ated,  and  not  liable  to  the  olv 

jectiona  made  to  most  vari^ated  plaolB. 
-»  R.  /  6  Icmoc6tj»u  Ser.  —  Fruit  white.  (Dec.  Prod.) 
Thli  species  is  considered  as  being  more 
common  than  any  of  the  other  brambks,  and 
eUo  u  attuning  a  greater  size.  It  is  always 
round  to  prosper  best  on  a  soil  somewhat  dry 
uid  i^velk  ;  and,  8ccordin{;ly,  gwitier,  when 
EpeakiDg  of  choosing  a  soil  and  situation  for  a 
lioefsrd,  recoomends  looking  out  for  one  where 
U)e  bramble  is  abundant  and  vigorous.  The 
(luts  hive  been  eaten  by  children,  in  every 
countty  where  they  grow  wild,  since  the  time 
of  Pliny.  They  have  also  been  used,  both  in  ' 
France  and  England,  to  produce  a  subacid 
drink  j  w  inferior  description  of  wine ;  by  fer^ 

nuntalion  and  distillation,  a  strong  spirit ;  and,  j,,    i^tmitbtm, 

boiled  with  sugar,  a  very  good  jam. 

J  11.  if.  m'sPiDUS  L.     The  hispid-rtminifd  Bramble. 
I'lf'^itlm.    Llii.Sp.,T09.(  Dec.  Prod.,  g.p.wi.i   Ddd'i  MUI..  1. 

ZSS^JL a^dUri.  Wflw., ^rilog'tD ^^.^k'.  "'pIsM."""" 

^fc.  Char.,  Sfc.  Stem  procumbent,  round,  very  hispid, 
bearing  scattered  bristles  and  recurved  prickles.  Leaf- 
lets 3—5,  wedge-shaped  at  ihe  base,  unequally  toothed, 
pretty  glabrous  above.  Flowers  solilary,  upon  longiih 
peduncles.  Petals  obovate.  Carpels  black.  (Dec. 
Prod,}  A  bramble  with  procumbent  stems.  Canada. 
Stems  6ft.  to  6ft.  Introduced  in  1759.  Flowers 
white ;  August.  Fruit  black,  edible :  ripe  in  September 
Md  October.  >  r  ^^  ^  ^^^ 

J  iii.  Leaves  hbed,  not  pinnate  or  digitate. 

■  18.  R.  odoraVub  L.  The  sweet-scented'JiraMii  firamUe. 

^nrMn.    Jl.  otsfcl*ni*lli  i/ort..  bulnitof  Uq.'i  tlu  VirglJu'^ii." 
OBIT,  tfc"  ■o-rrinj  BiintmiT.  "^ 

Sm^Mitmgl.    HIJLjk.tisS.I  Dot.Ua«..tSnLiUld(Hir;|(.HS. 

Spec,  dor.,  ^c.  Stem  upright.  Petioles,  peduncles,  and 
calyxes  bearing  glanded  hairs.  Disks  of  leaves  5-lobed, 
unequally  toothed.  Inflorescence  subcorymbose.  Flowers 
large,  showy,  red.  Sepals  ovate,  longly  acuminate, 
shorter  than  the  petals.  Carpels  numerous,  ovate,  vel- 
vety. Style  funnel-shaped.  {Dec.  Prod.)  An  upright 
■hnib.  North  America,  in  the  woods  of  Canada,  and  on 
the  All«^any  Mountains.  Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1700.  Flowers  purplish  red;  June  to  Sept.  ' 
Fruit  yellow,  rarely  seen  in  England.                                     *"'  '•'^""^  ^ 


.318  ARBORETUM    ET    FltUTtCETUH    BRITANN'ICUM. 

The  flowers  are  not  succeeded  by  fruit  in  this  country  ;  but  Pursli  inror 
us  that,  in  a  wild  state,  the  fruit  is  yeilow,  snd  of  a  Tcry  fine  flavour,  ani 
large  nize.  "  Comutus,  who  first  fibred  and  described  thin  plant,  gave  it  I 
name  of  odorktus,  on  account  of  the  very  graceful  fi^grance  of  its  foliagi 
{Bol.  Mt^„  t.  3S3.) 

m  13.  R.  kdtka'nus  Moc.    The  Nootka  Sound  Bramble. 

/iCntMcofln,    UcictDoFI.  Nutk.i  Dk.  Prgd.,  9.  p.  M6. ;  Bdt.Bcs-.t  IM8.;I>«'ilfUI,l.p.l 

^i«Mr«v.    JI.«lorUiiiHiir1,.lnl(cii:CafIlii. 

/•Wfwawi.    H«diiaP1.MiiIk.iBo(.R>«.,t.lMS,,udoarj«.M4. 

Spec.   Oiar.,  j-c.       Stem   glutinous.     Branches  rountf, 

5labrous,  rufous.  Leaves  5-lobed,  unequHlly  toothed. 
nflorescence  subcorymboge.  Flowers  about  4<  in  a 
corymb,  white.  Sepals  ovate,  lonely  acuminate,  gla- 
brous, OS  long  as  the  petals.  Allied  to  R.  odordius, 
but  the  peduncle  and  calyx  are  glabrous,  (pec.  Prod.) 
An  upright  shrub.  North-west  coast  of  North  Ame- 
rica, from  New  Calironia  to  Nootlca  Sound,  and  at 
various  places  between  north  latitude  43"  and  52°,  in 
mountains  and  woods.  Height  5  ft.  to  6  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1836.  Flowers  white;  May  to  October. 
Fruit  yellow  or  reddish  ;  ripe  in  August  *"■  «ai~»Mi««». 

The  general  aspect  and  appearance  of  R,  odoratua.  except  being  of  a  pa 
green.  Tlic  flowers  are  succeeded  by  iaige  yellow  or  reddish  berries,  whi 
arc  found  to  moke  excellent  tarts ;  and  the  plant  will  probably  soon  be  rank 
as  a  fruit  shrub.     Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 


A.  Ered  SatpberryJite  Sorlt. 
R.  oeddmtd/u.  the  Watcrn,  or  block,  Satpbeny,  No.  i. ;  and  fig.  53?.  in  p.  31 


R.  tpeclabUu,  the  ihoau^oviereA  Ratpberry,  No.  9. ;  and  fig.  539.  in  p.  316 

R.iila^ut,lhe  Mount  fda,ot  Qotaiaoa, Ratpberry,  No. 5.;  and  fig.  .533.  in  p.  3i 

—  The  varieties  of  this  species  which  ore  recommended  a£  being  most  suital 

for  planting  in  an  arboretum  arc,  the  red  Antwerp,  tbe  white  Antwop,  a 

the  smooth  cane. 

B.  Shrubby  Brambln. 

R.  taberiiim,  the  tub-trcct  Bramble.  No.  I. ;  and  fig.  527.  in  p.  31 1. 

R.  mia-inthiu,  the  tmall-JIoiBired,  or  Nepal.  Bramble,   Ho.  3. ;  and  figs.  5! 

531.  in  p.  318. 
ll./rufKviiii,  the   tbnbby  Bramble,   or  common  Blackberry,  No.  10.;  a 

Rg.  540.  in  p.  31fi.— The  varieties  recommended  are,  the  double-flowen 

the  double  pink-flowered  (if  it  can  be  got),  the  variegated-leaved,  and  R. 

tauricus,  on  account  of  its  large  and  excellent  fruit. 
R.  laeiniBtui,  the  niMeaved  Bramble,  No.  6.  ;  and  fig.  534.  in  p.  314, 
B.  anyHfiUui,  the  HaxeUeancd  Bramble,  No.  8.  ;  and  fig.  537.  in  p.  315. 

C.  Prnitrale  Brambles 

R.  eii'aut.lhegret/  RnnMe,  or  Dewberry,  No.  7. ;  and  fig.  535.  in  p.  314. — 1 
variety  recommended,  in  addition  to  the  species,  is  that  with  variegated  lea* 
SemaHt.     The  plants  in  the  last  two  groups  are  propagated  by  division 

the  roots,  or  by  encouraging  the  points  of  the  shoots  to  root,  like  the  ruiut 

of  a  strawberry ;  and  the  plants  m  the  first  group  by  division  of  the  root, 

by  suckers. 


XXVI.   BOSA  CE£  :    POTENTI  LI, A 


tnt).  t.  59.,  and  our  fig.  MS.,  U  b  nalire  of 
•  iTOods  in  the  valley  of  the  Columbia,  with 
■bite  DoweTB,  and  the  general  habit  of  S. 
ipeciibilis. 

R.  deBiidnu   Torre]-  in  Aim.  Lye.  ii.  p.  196.  ^ 
Q  a  native  of  North  America,  among  the  Rocky   -^ 
MountBins ;  with  purple  flower*,  tucceeded  by  a 
TCTj  delicious  fruit.     It  ia  a  shrubby  bramble, 
i  or  6  feet  high. 

R.  tiGacetu  Smith  in  Reei'i  CycL  vol,  xxx,  is 
1  native  of  Upper  Nepal,  with  whit«  flowers, 
uul  leaves  like  those  of  Tllia  alba.  R.  cordi- 
foliui  D.  Pan  appears  to  be  the  aame  species, 
orperh«ps  a  ronety.     Hort.  Soc.  in  183+. 

Genus  X. 


□ 


rOTENTI'LLA  L.    Thb  PomiTttL*,  or  Shrubby  CimvsrosL. 
Litt.  St/il,  Icoiindm  Polygjnia. 
No.Mt.i  HwlLPM.  Dht.,«oi   L«lim.FM.DIu.,«ui;  OK.FrD(l.,l 
r,  pvwvrful ;  in  iJliulaii  to  (he  Buppoud  vedldiul  qiuILtln  or  Mm* 

Gen.Char.     Calt/i   10-parted,   the   5  outer  Elements   accessory.     Pelalt  5. 

Slameiu  numerous,     CarpeU  numerous  with  lateral  Styles, seated  oo  a  dry 

permanent,  elemted  receptacle.  (Don'i  MUi.') 
Leaaet  compound,  alternate  or  opposite,  stipulate,  sub-evergreen ;  pin- 

nuclj  cut,     riowert  while  or  yellow. 

Shrubs  low,  natives  of  Europe  and  America,  and  of  e&sy  culture  in  a  dry 
•oil.  They  are  propagated  by  seeds  or  cuttings  ;  and,  except  the  c  "  " 
■pcciea,  P.  fruticosa,  are  not  much  in  cultivation. 

M    1.  P.  ymiTico'SA  L.    The  shrubby  Potentilla,  o 

Uvtfauim.    Lln.Sp.,ns.;  Dec  Prod..&  il  tn.;  Dan'iHIU..!.  p.WI 

Pet.  \  SmlUi'i  Eni.  FIdti,  1.  p.  tlG. 
Smgnit^M.    Ens.  Bot,  I.  88.1  liwi.  PoL,  10.1.1.1  indolirA't**. 

^ife.  Char.,  ^e.  Stem  shrubby. 
Leani  pinnatelycut,  bairy ;  the 
lobes  oblong,  lanceolate,  entire, 
^proiimate,  of  neatlytlie  aanie 
colour  on  both  aurbces.  Sti- 
pule* lanceolate,  membraneous, 
acute.  Inflorescence  rather  co- 
rymbo«e.  Flowers  veilow.  So- 
[nla  pilose,  lanceolate,  acute, 
broad  at  the  base.  Bracteas 
hnear-lanceolate,  indistinctly  pe- 
tioled.  Corolla  longer  than  the 
calyx.  Recqitacte  very  hairv. 
{Dec.  Prod.}  A  roundish  busli. 
Bogland,  Germany,  the  Pyrenees,  and  other  places  ;  in  Ewiland,  in  Middle- 
ton,  Teesdale ;  and  in  Kock  Forest,  Clara,  in  Ireland.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft 
Plowns  yellow;  July  and  August.    Fruit  brown ;  ripe  in  Uctobta*. 


ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANN 

VarietUt,  according  to  Beringe,  in  Dec.  Prod. 

J.  P.f.  2  dohurica  Ser.  P.  dahirica  Nrtll.  Pol.  31. 
ff  Lehm.  Pol.  32,  —  OlabrouB.  Lobes  of  the 
leaves  3 — 5,  pinnately  cut.  SepaU  shorter  and 
broader  tiian  the  bntcteoles.  Dahuria.  In- 
troduced in  ]834;  and  producing  it*  yellow 
flowers  in  July.  Plants  in  the  Hort.  Soc 
Garden,  and  in  the  Epsom  Nursery. 
^  P.f.3  tentdioba  Ser.  j  P.  fruticAsa  j3  Tfetll.  Pol.  e 
30„  Lehm.  Pol.32.  var.  7;  P.floribunda  PA. 
Fl.  Amer.  Sept.  I.  p,  355,  Walton'i  Dend. 
Brit.  t.  70. ;  P.  tenuifdiia  SchUclend.  Serl. 
Mag.,  according  to  Lrhm.  Pat.  33.  (Ourj^, 
5*7.) —  Sepals  and  lobes  of  the  leaves  nar- 
row, and  with  a  slij^ht  faoary  ailkineaa.  Korth 
America  ;  where  it  is  a  low-growing  shrub,  not 
above  IB  in.  high.  It  was  also  found  by  Pallas 
iu   Siberia.     The  handsomest  variety  of  the 


t.  I. :  P.  frutieo 


M  2.  P.  ola'bka  Lodd. 
liaUtlealiim.    L«M.  Bot.  Cdi.,  1.91-1.!  D«c  Pi 


The  glabrous  1 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Fnitescent.     Branche* 
pendulous,   purple.     Leaves  pinnately 
cut  into  5  entire  lobes.     Flowers  ter- 
inln&l,  white,  of  Ihe  size  of  those  of 
the  wood  Btrswberrv  (Fragjim  v^sea).  4^ 
(Dec.  Prod.)     A  beautiful  little  shrub.  1 
Siberia,      Height  S  ft.  to  4  ft-     Intro-  l^ 
duced  in  1818.     Flowers  white  ;   June 
to  August.    Fruit  brown  ;  ripe  in  Sep- 

It  diflers  from  P.  fruticona  in  being  per- 
fectly  smooth  in  all  its  parCa,  and  in  hsviiw  pendulous  branche*  and  undulsl 
leaves.  It  thrives  best  in  a  mixture  of  loam  and  peat,  is  of  slow  gnm 
end  difficult  to  increase,  except  by  seed. 

Salesoviua's  Potentilla. 

tn.!  KMl.nn.,1]. 


■-  3.  P.  SalesoV 

lilrUfflaUloii.    auf»i..  n 


tl.juiaoiirjlg. 

Spec.  Char.,  ifc.  Habit  resembling  that  of  CtSmarum  palustre. 
Stem  sufiruticoae.  Leaves  pinnately  cut,  coriaceoua.  Lobes  1 
oblong,  acutely  serrate,  pubescent  above  upon  the  veins, 
whitely  tomentose  beneath.  Stipules  lanceolate,  very  acute,  | 
entire,  rather  filmy  at  the  edge.  Flowers  large,  white,! 
upon  short  peduncles,  and  grouped.  Sepals  lanceolate,! 
very  acute,  broad,  nimost  as  long  on  the  petals,  which  arci 
obovate.  firscteoles  very  narrow,  smaller  than  thesepala.' 
Receptacle  lanuginose.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  low  shrub.  Siberia.' 
Height  1  ft.  to  8  ft.  Introduced  in  1823.  Flowers  white ; 
June  and  July.     Fruit  brown  1  ripe  iu  September. 

C6manm  paOtlre  L,  (Eng.  Bot.,  t.  172.),  Potenlilta  Cfemarum  Scop.,  B  « 
known  Brilish  plant,  found  in  boggy  soils,  with  somewhat  ligneous  shoota,  t 
showy  flowers  of  a  deep  dingy  purple,  may  be  added  to  Sis  order,  and  n 
prove  useful  in  particular  situations,  on  the  margins  of  p>ndi. 


XXVI.  sosa'ce^:  cowa'nj^. 
Gknus  XL 


COWA'KW  D.  Don.  The  Cow*sia.     Lh.  Sytl.  Icoffindria  Polyginia. 


Gen.Ckar.  Ca/j/i 5-clcft.  FelaU 5.  Otarift 5 — 14.   Owi/eerect.  .%/«  tcnTiinal, 

continuoua.   Achenia  adorned  with  the  plumose  persislenl  sljle.  (D.  Don.) 

Learn   simple,   allertiate,   stipulate,  evergreen ;  wedge-* hapcil,   oblong, 

pirnatiBrt,  plaited.    Flouvrt  tenrnnal,  solitary,  nlmost  sessile,  red.  —  Shnih ; 

native  of  Mexico;  very  ornamenul,  but  BOmeirhot  tendiir  in  British  gardens. 

«.   1.  C.  plic*'t*  D.  Hon.     The  plaited-Zcflreii  Cowania, 

UfKrJIrMai.    Swl.  Brit.  Flor.  Gunl.t  4(10.1  Gt^  Mm  .  11  p.  IM. 

spec.  Char.,  ^.     Leaven    wedge-shaped, 

oblong,  pinoatifid,  plaited.  (Z>.  Dos.) 

A  r^id,  evergreen,  decumbent,  much- 
branched  shrub.   Mexico.    Height  I  ft.  ^ 

loSft.    Introduced  in  1835.   Flowere;^ 

■lark   red ;    June  and  July.      Naked  \ 

young  wood  dark  bronn. 

Bmnches  copiously  clothed  with 
staUed  glands.  Petioles  of  the  leaves 
very  short,  slightly  channeled  above, 
sheathing  at  the  base.  Stipules  adherent. 
Flowen,  when  protruding  from  the  bud 
eiactly  like  those  of  RAsa.     This  pro-  ^   ^ 

miaing  everin^en  shrub,  being  eitremely 
difficult  to  propagate,  has  been  lost,  for  the  present,  to  Bi 


Sect,  IV.     Ro^S£JE  Dec. 


aSEOQE 

RO'SA  Tount.     Thb  Rose  Tbbb.     Lin.  Syit.  Icosindria  Polygfnin. 
MMftsMHL   TDum.liKt.I,  p.EKlI.4M.:  L9n.Gcn,«I1.;   Lam,  111,,  t.440.!  Lli:dl.Tt«.  Haa. 

•n.  IMO  ;  Pnm'nta'i  Nomni.  Rail..  ISIH.  tltOHir  Hot.  IKM  :  Dgn'l  MIIL.  S.  p.  K4. 
Ifmmfima.     Rhadfipbun  ?7rc*.   Elrm.  j    Itnlrr.  Ft.  ;   Rwtiutack,    Orr. ;    Roniebooip,   DUdt  \ 

Mouio.  JtaL  :  RcHl.  Sptn.  i  vt&  KlMtitb,  Porturttrte. 
0,Ti,alKm.    From  rtei.  Fad,  Cslilc ;  In  rcftrepu  ig  ibe  ulour  of  the  iowen  of  mixt  or  Ibt  ipHlu. 
Gm.  Char.     Calyx  with  the  tube  contracted  at  the  mouth,  and  with  the  seg- 

mentn   usually  pinnately  divided.     Pilot'  5.     Slavism  numerous.     Carpi-U 

numerous,  bony,  inserted  on  the  inside  of  the  tube  of  the  calyx,  uhich  at 

length  becomes  baccate  and  encloses  them.    Tiiey  are  dry  and  indehiscent, 

bearing  each  a  style  on  tbc  inner  aide.  (Dim't  Mi/l.) 
Leaeet  compound,  alternate,  stipuLitc,  deciduous  or  everprecn ;  iinpari- 

[nnnate.     Stipiiiet  attached  to  the  petiole.   Pricklct  simple.    Flowen   large, 

dioiry;  red,  white,  or  yellow ;  frapsnt. 

Shrubs,  for  the  mott  put  dcddnoo* ;  natives  of  Europe,  and  of  th^  tern- 


a-22  aruoretum  et  fruticetum  britaknicum. 

perate  regions  of  Africa,  Asia,  and  America,  but  not  of  Australia;  and  the; 
have  been  in  cultivniion  in  the  Old  World,  far  the  beauty  and  fragrance  6 
their  flowers,  from  time  inimemoriul.  As  the  culture  of  roses  belongs  mon 
to  floriculture  than  to  arboriculture,  it  will  be  found  aiven  at  length  in  oui 
Enci/clojiailia  of  Gardening,  and  in  the  first  edition  of  this  work-  All  th" 
B|)ecies  may  be  propagated  by  cuttings  of  the  roots,  cuttings  of  the  younj 
wuod  in  a  growin);  state,  by  layers,  or  by  budding  or  gralting ;  and  tliei 
will  all  thrive  in  loamy  soil,  dry  and  rich,  rather  than  puor.  The  genus  Rbsi 
is  in  a  state  of  confusion  still  greater  than  that  winch  subsists  among  ibi 
different  kinds  of  fii'ibus ;  nor  can  it  well  be  otherwise,  when  we  conside 
that  the  greater  number  of  kinds  in  cultivation  are  garden  productions,  ant 
that  the  wild  kinds  differ  exceedingly  acconling  to  s^ il  and  siiualion,  and  havi 
been  chiefly  described  by  botunists  from  dried  specimens.  We  have  adopted  thi 
arrang;;meiit  in  Don's  Miilcr,  with  the  exception  of  omitting  the  Srat  secuon 
Sinipliciloli^e,  now  made  a  separate  genua  by  Dr.  Lindlcy.  Where  the  .specir: 
arranged  under  a  section  are  natives  of  different  coimtries,  it  may  fairly  bi 
presumed,  that  there  la  at  lea-st  one  in  each  country  entitled  to  be  considered  t 
species  :  or,  ut  least,  it  may  be  convenient  to  do  so.  in  the  present  state  of  ou 
knowledge.  Nature,  it  is  observed  in  ihe.VburpnuiJu  Hamd, "  appears  searceh 
to  have  placed  any  limit  between  the  difl^crent  species  of  the  ro!>e  ;  and,  i 
it  is  already  very  difficult  to  define  the  wild  species,  which  have  not  yet  beei 
■vodifled  by  culture,  it  ia  almost  iinposiriblc  to  refer  to  their  original  type  tin 
numerous  varieties  which  culture  has  made  in  the  flowers  of  species  already 
so  nearly  resembling  each  other," 

5  i.  Feroces  Liiidl.  Mon.  p.  3. 

DrritiMiKi.    rtaaifmi,  fieicF  {  In  nicrenn  to  lh«  brtnchn  bring  Ihkklr  beiet  lallh  |>rlckln. 

Seel.  Char.  Brunches  clothed  with  permanent  tomcntum.  Fruit  naked.  Th 
plants  contained  in  this  section  are  il  truly  nutiirjl  |:roup ;  they  are  lot 
shrubs,  losing  their  leaves  early  in  autumn,  ami  are  iben  remarkable  fo 
their  hoary  branches,  bristles,  anil  numerous  prickles.  Their  fruit  is  pci 
fectly  sniootli,  which  separates  them  from  the  next  section,  in  which  th 
fruit  is  downy.  Sepals  usunllv  tocilhed,  (DonU  MW.)  —  Deciduous  loi 
bushes,  natives  of  Caucasus  and  Kamtschatka. 

M  I.  fl.  fe'rox  LawT.    The  (iercely-fric*/ed  Rose. 

fdrnlifloiliHTl.    Viwl.  Roi..  t.  II.  ;  Don'!  Mill.,  a  p.  !VI». 

Summjfin.  R.  kamlKhittM  Bti.  iJi*  I.  p.  ».-,  R.  kimlicbllle*  $  Rna.  Sir.  in  Dtr.  rrnd. 
p.  fi07  J  S.KhliAltt  Dupoiri. 

SSJ''Jv?»i.    "'■     ' '    '        "'"  **'■■■ 

Spec.  Char.,  ,fc.  Prickles  all  alike  in  shape,  nnd 
much  crowded.  Flower*  large,  red.  Fniit  glo- 
bose, scarlet.  {Don't  Mill.)  A  very  prickly 
shrub.  Cauciisus.  Height  3  ft.  to  4-  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  ITEKj.  Flowers  large,  red;  July  and 
AugniiC.     Fruit  scarict ;  ripe  in  l^ptembcr. 

J,  R.  /.  2  ni/c-ni  Lindl.  in  Bui.  Rrg.  t,  824 , 
Scr,  in  Dee.  Prod.  ii.  p.  607.,  lias  shining 
pale  green  glflbrous  leaves,  and  pale  crim- 
son flowers.  Deserving  a  place  in  collec- 
tions on  account  of  its  singularity.  „,    .^^^ 

.■  a.  B.  (p.)  kamtscha'tica  real.     The  Kanllschalka  Rose. 

'ngratt^i     V™LCrli..t.'6T,i'N.DulW;voG.  t.iaf.!liinil«ir.«i.6W. 

^tecChar-.^c.  Prickles  infra-stipular,fnlcntc.  large.  Leaves  opaque.  Flowt 
solitary,  deep  red.  Fruit  spherical,  scarlet,  less  than  that  of  ff.lerox.   {Dm 


3CXVI.    SOSa'CKJE  :    AO^SA.  323 

ifm.)     Kamtschatka,  ij  dry  rocky  places.     Height  3  ft. 

to  4-11.     Introduced  in  ITS').    Flowera  deep  red;  June 

>nd  ^uly.     Fruit  scarlet ;  ri|)e  in  September. 

From  the  appearance  of  ttie  plants  bearing  this  name  in 
(heuicnaive  collection  in  Mussrii,  Lo<ldigeB's  arboretum, 
we  should  consider  it  to  be  only  a  varitty  of  S.  feroi. 
It  is,  however,  very  diBtinci,  and,  from  the  rich  colour  of 
its  flowers  and  fruit,  well  deserving  a  place  in  collections. 

1$  ii.  BractehUe.  ul  ■.(r.ibucu.ci. 

Serl.Char.  Branches  and  fruit  clothed  with  permanent  tomentuni.  This 
section  is  readily  distinguished  from  the  last  by  the  wooUiness  of  the  fruit. 
Leaves  dense,  usually  shining,  and  prickles  placed  under  the  stipules  in 
pairs.  Sepals  simple,  or  nearly  so.  (Uob'j  Mill.')  —  Evergreen,  or  sub- 
eiergreen  bushes.     Natives  of  China  and  Nepal. 

■  3.  R.  bractea'ta  Weniil.     The  i^argf-bracled  Rose. 


EHJBitt.    VrniL  HoR.  llFrimhaiu..  [uc.  1.  t.  II.  |  N.  Dil  Hun.,  I.  L  13.  ^  ud  out  gg- i6». 

Spec.  Char.,  <fc.  Evci^een.  Branches  upright,  to- 
mentose.  Prickles  stout,  recurved,  in  many 
instances  in  pairs.  Leaflets  5 — 9,  obovate,  siib- 
lerratc,  coriaceous,  glossy,  glabrous.  Stipules 
scarcely  attached  to  the  petiole,  bristle-shaped, 
but  fiinzcd.  Flowers  solitary,  terminal,  white,  ; 
large.  iPeduncles  and  calyses  tomentosc.  Fruit 
gk^se,  large,  orange  icd.  {Dec.  Prvd.)  Evcr- 
preen.  Chma.  Heieht  5  ft.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  ^ 
in  1795.  Flowers  large,  showy,  white,  solitary, 
newly  seuile;  June  to  October,  Fruit  omoge 
red;  ripe  in  October. 

Itflot*crs3bundiintly,bu[is  rather  tcndcr,on  which 
accountit  succeeds  best  when  trained  against  a  wall.  ">.  ■.imnMu. 

Vanetiei. 

*  R.  £.  S  icaBriciiilit  Lindl.  Ronar.  Monog.  p.  10,    (Sims  Bot.  Mag., 
t.  1377.)  —  Branches  bristly.  Prickles  smaller  than  in  the  species, 
and  rather  straight.     China,  province  of  Tchetchiang,  {Dec.  Prod.) 
'•  R.6.  SJidrepliao  Hort. — Flowers  double,  but  never  expanding  freely. 
>  R.  A.  4  Maria  heoioda  Hort. — Flowers  double,  white,  yeltowish   pink 
in  the  centre,  expanding  freely.     One  of  the  finest  of  autumnal  roses. 
The  species  and  the  varieties,  being  somewhat  tender, 
succeed  best  when  trained  against  a  wall.  They  are  verv 
umameotal  ftom  their  shining  evergreen  foliage,  as  well 
as  Iram  thdr  flowers. 


Umum^mt.    Hij^tons-taoni.' Ct&H. 
fvnivi.    Bat.B««.,l.81»,i  uidourJ^.HI. 

^c,  Char..Src,     Stem  almost  without  prickles.   Leaflets 
glossy,  sharply  serrated,  veiny  beneath,  with  densely 
netted   anastoniosbg  vdns.      Stipules  very  narrow, 
tinequal.    Flowers  double,  of  a  delicate  rose  colour,      ul  k.  Bion^kjiu. 
Calyx  densely  invested  with  prickles.  Sepals  short,  broadly  ovate,  echinate, 
endiag  in  •  pwnt.    Prickles  having  at  the  base  two  loDgitudinal  furrow*. 


324  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

(Dec.  Frod.)  Sub-cvcrgreen.  China  Height  2  Tt.  to  3  ft.  Introduui 
18^8.  Flowers  very  ]atfS,  double,  and  of  a  tielicate  blush  colour;  Au; 
to  October.     Fruit  orange  reil  j  ripe  in  October. 

An  interesting  little  Bhnib.  but  somewhat  tender,  like  It.  bracteata.    Th 
is  a  variety  in  tlie  Hort.  Soc.  Garden  called  li.  m.  4lba. 

n.  5.  B.  involi'cbaVa  Roxb.     The  ii 


p.  cm  1  Don'i  Mill..  9.  T  "^ 
Sriunnari.     n.  LlndlcTuna  TrUt  Ro).  1.  p.  t09.  i    fl.  paldltrll 

B^an-IHam.)  MSS. 
E*)irarittgt.    Bol.  Reg.,  I.  nS-i  inrlour^fe.  4BS, 

Spec.  Char.,  Spc.     Shoots  long,  tender.     Branehen 

pale  brown,  tomentose,  scarcely  prickly.  Lcaflcta 

3 — 9,   elliptical-lanceolate,   tomentose    lienemh. 

Stipules  hardly  atlached  to  the  petiole,  bristle- 

like-fringed.     Flawera  terminal,  mostly  solitary, 

white.    Peduncles  and  calyxes  t[>nicnto5e.  (Dec. 

Prod.)     Deciduous,  branchy.   Nepal  and  China. 

Height  3  ft.   to   4  ft.     Introd.  ISIS.     Flowers 

white;  June  and  July.     Fruit  orange  red;  ripe 

in  October. 

Seringe  scemi  to  consider  this  as  a  vnrlcty  of 
R.  braLteilB.  The  flowers  arc  in  corymbs,  sur- 
rounded by  three  or  Four  apjirmimate  leaven.  The 
plants  arc  rather  tender,  and  Ruccced  best  agninsta 
w.ill,  where  they  flower  magnificently.     Not  com-  mj.  a,  hiwan»» 

mon  in  collections.     Lodd. 

5  iii.  Cinttam6m*ic  Lindl.  Kos.  p.  13. 

Sucl.   Char.     Plants   setigerouK  or  unarmed,  bmcteatc.     Leaflets  lanceol 

S [landless.  Disk  thin,  never  thickened.  This  section  is  distinguished  by 
ong  lanceolate  leaflets  without  giands,  its  upright  shoots,  and  compact  ha 
Flowers  red,  never  solitary,  except  by  abortion,  and  alwuys  supported 
bracteas.  Fruit  round,  small,  rc<l  (soon  losing  its  long  narrow  Ecpals),  i 
with  small,  smooth,  shining  carpels.  Tlic  shoots  arc  usually  seti^erou^  n 
the  ;;round  j  hut  rarely  so  towards  the  apex,  eicept  in  one  or  two  instani 
R.  alpina  and  R,  acicularis.  of  the  tblluwlnp  division.  somcumcB  have  bi 
teas ;  but  their  sepals  never  lall  oS*  till  the  fruit  is  decayed.  SepaU  5im| 
entire,  or  nearly  so,  unless  when  mentioned  otherwise.  (Dvn'i  lUil/.j 
Plants  of  most  of  the  species  are  in  cultivation  in  BritiMh  gurdens.  1 
ciduous  rambling  bushes ;  nativei  of  Continental  Europe  and  Nc 
America,  and  some  ot'lhcm  of  Britain. 

A.  Sprciei  Nativet  of  North  America. 

m  6.  R.  Lu'ciDA  EhrA.     ITie  ehining-Zcapcrf  Rose. 

Idrniflfalian.    Elirh   Beilr..  4.  p.  H.  ;  Llndl.  RaHr.Honot.i  p.  17.  1 

j^wu-Mn.    S.  nlbnl'dclcU  AoHv.'Xtu.,  I.  T- and  I.  13.  t  ].|    R. 
lOf  kda  Jite^.   Fragm.  71-  i    Boco  Turaep*  ;  Botter  k  Fnlliek  dv 

t.T.itKlourjl(.M6.  , 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc,  Prickles  recurved,  or  none.  Leaflets 
t — 9,  lanceolate-elliptical,  coriaceous,  bluntly  ser-  : 
rated,  glossy.  Stipules  dilated,  large,  finely  ser-  ' 
rated,  and  extended  as  far  as  to  the  leaflets. 
Peduncles  somewhat  hispid.  Flowers  red,  and 
opening  late  in  the  season.     Sepali  almost  entire,  jm,  ■.■hm*. 


)[xvt.  AOEA*CE£:  Ao^sA.  325 

■ppendicled,  spreading.  Fruit  oblately  globose,  a  little  hispid  or  glsbroiu, 
scarlet.  (Dee,  ProdJ)  An  erect  shining- leaved  shrub.  North  Anleric*, 
frina  New  York  to  CaroUna;  near  Boston,  in  bogs,  and  on  the  edges  of 
marshen;  and  in  NewroundlaDd.  Height  4  ft.  to  S 1^.  Introduced  in  1724. 
Fiowers  red,  overtopped  by  the  leaves  and  young  branches ;  June  to  August. 
Fruit  bright  red  ;  npe  in  October. 

A  handsome  species,  on  account  of  its  ahinine  foKa^,  and  one  which  is 
nry  hardy ;  but  the  fluwcra  huve  a  very  disagreeable  smell. 

J  7.  li.  ni'tidi  tV.     The  glosayJeaiwii  Rose. 

UrmliJIcmliim.    WUM.  BDmn.,  &M.  i   Llndl.  Buur,   Monog.,  p.  II.  i   Dec.  Prod..  1.  p.  €0-1   Doa't 

bwuMH.    Jt.  Rfdulfa  ntttcta  Tionr  <ti  Arcf.  Sat.  1 .  p.  IDS.  le. :  tlic  dvof  Libndor  Roh 
Zi«r»Awi.    Undl.  Bout.  Hoi>i>|.,  p.  li  t.  !.  i  Bldaint  R«, 

Spee.  Char,,  S[c.     Dwarf  and  reddish  in  aspect. 

Stem  and  branches  almost  covered  with  slender, 

rather  equal,  pricklea.     Lceflcta  5 — 9,  rather 

rigid,  lanceolate,  glossy.     Stipules  large,  finely 

terrated.  extending  as  fur  as  to  the  leaflets.  | 

Flowers  reil.    Peduncle  brisitj'.   Sepals  5pre.id- 

ini;.    Fruit  briiitly,  shining,  and  scarlet.    (Die. 

Prat.)  A  shrub  beset  with  strntght  red  spines. 

Newfoundlund.  Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced 

in  IBOT.     Flowers  deep  red ;  June  to  August.  > 

Fruit  dqiressed,  spherical,  bright  scarlet;  ripe 

m  September. 

This  is   an   interesting   plant,  from  its  dwarf 
stature,  its  abundant  reddish  prickles,  its  glosBy  u7,  iluiul 

leaves,  its  Howers,  and  its  fruit. 

M  8.  R.  Ril'fa 
UmOtakiM.    Bote  Diet.  d'Agrlc.  -, 
Sfiamtmti.    U.  lllr(rida  Pm.  EkcJi.  3.  p.  <».  i  «,  fia\B\- 
£wr«is|i.    Ked.  and  Tlior.  llui.,  1.  p.  T.  k. ;  and  our 

Spee.  Chir.,  4'c.  Taller  than  R.  lucida,  and 
spreading.  Branches  without  prickles.  Leaf- 
lets oblong,  undulate,  shining.  Fruit  hemi- 
spherical. Closely  allied  to  R,  lucida,  of 
which  it  is  very  likely  a  variety.  ( Dec.  Prod.') 
Petals  always  multiplied,  smaller  than  [hose 
of  R.  lucida ;  bright  red.  Fruit  deep  red. 
Sepals  compound.  A  tall  straggling  hush. 
North  America,  in  the  warnier  states. 
Height  3  rt.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  ?.  Flowers 
dut^lc,  bright  red;  June  to  August-  Fruit 
de«^red  ;  ripe  in  Uclobcr. 
Only  known   in  its   double-flowered   state 

in  Briiish  gardens,  where  it  is  a  freely  growing  „,   iLiiii«. 

hardy  plant,  with  large  duuble  flowers. 
^  9.  R.  PiIrvikld'ha  Ehrh.     The  small- flowered,  or  Penniyhanian,   Rof  e. 

■r—nori.     a.  hilmllll  J^r.*   Ar't'.  136.  i    R.  Arillnlaiia'  Uick.   R    Btr.  A^Mr.  1.  p.  ».'i.  j    K. 
"sr'^S        ^'^^L        ■  P'^tti    Ftnnijl.iqiui  Roir.   iairr.   Rat.  1.  S.  ud 

Spec.  Char.,  ifc.     Dwarf.     Stipules  linear.     Prickles  ncicular.     Leaflets  lan- 
ceolate, sinoutbish,  sharply  serrated.     Calyxes  clammy.     Fiowers  usually 


AIinoRETUM    ET    FBUTICETUM    BKITANNICUM. 


and  Carolina.    Hdght  2  ft.    InlroJuced  in  1724.    Flowers 
jHile  blush ;  June  to  August.     Fruit  red ;  ripe  in  October. 

A  U.  p.  2  Jlnre  pUno  Rcil.  Ros.  3.  p.  73.,  and  our  ^. 
559.  —  Flowers  double,  pale  bluBb,  nnexpanded. 
A  neai  little  rose,  but  not  in  very  general  cul- 

A  10.  R.  ntAXiNiFoYiA  Blvk.    The  Ash^leaved  Rose. 

UtnUllcalioit.    BSik.  Holi..  Wl. :  Don'i  Mill., !.  p.  W6. 

Simi>iwxcj.    R.  ilralnllni  MM.  Did.  No.  10. ;   R.  blkndm  ■  Sol.  MSS,  Jaeq.  Frarm.  TO.  i. 

fl.Mrrmbail  Bci':  Die.  J-^xr.  n  Ortf.  Cal.  Horl.  Par.  p.  »72.?-. 

B.  llptn;!  S  -*«■  «"■'■  *>"■  «•■  *■  ">'■  »■  P-  »^>  1  «■  •IPIn*  '"■^' 

St^.  Rat.  I.  p.  67.,  iam.  «M-  '■  "■  „  ,  J         ,       „ 

Entratlngl.    8oI.  I(«b-.  t-  *M-  ;  !-••'■  "l*,  I  75-  l  •ndourj(g.  560 

i^rc.  ChoT,,  ^c.  Tall,  unarmed.  Branches  straight, 
glaucencent.  LeutlcK  opaque,  undulated,  and  gla- 
brous. (Bon'i  MiU.)  Branches  dark  purple,  with 
a  pate  blue  bloom.  Flowers  small,  red,  in  Tew. 
flowered  cvmea.  Fruit  naked,  small,  round  or  ovate, 
of  a  dull  pale  red.  A  glabrous  shrub.  Native 
of  Newfoundland,  and  on  the  norlh-weRt  coast  of 
America.  Height  +  ft.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  ?.  Flow- 
ers red ;  May  and  June.  Fruit  dull  pale  red ;  ripe 
in  September. 

Other  North-American  Spedet. — R,  Wo6d8a  Lindl., 
R.  Carolina  Lin.,  R.  Lindleyi  Sprcng.,  are  described 
in  our  first  edition ;  and  the  first  two  are  in  Messrs.  *"   ■./numrem 

Loddiges's  collection. 

B.  Speciei  Kafmei  of  Nepal. 
«  II.  A.  MACROPiir'iXA  lindl.     The  long-leaved  Rose. 
btitilifiialim.    Llnil.  Rw.Monog.,  p.M.i  Doii'«  M1II,,S.  p.  B«. 
Eiupnoiant.    Uiiill.RcH.Hoiiog.,t.6.:  lod  ourjfg.  Mt. 
Spec.  Char.,  qc.     L'narincd.    Leaves  very  long;  leaf- 
lets 5 — 1 1,  lanceolate.  Petioles  with  a  few  glands, 
which,  as  well  as  the  leaflets,  ore  woolly   beneath. 
Sepals  narrow,  longer  than  the   petals,  which  are 
apiculated.  (Dd«'»  MiU.)  A  smooth  shrub.     Gos- 
sainthan.    Height  6  ft.  to  6  ft.    introduced  in  I  BaO. 
Flowers  red,  on  villous  peiluncles,  and   furnished 
with  a  few  unequal  seta;,  as  well  as  the  fruit. 
Dr.  Lindlcy  observes  of  this  rose,  that  its  leaves 
arc  the  largest  he  has  eviT  seen ;  that  it  cannot  be 
confounded  with  any  thing  else  i  and  that  it  may  be 
considered  the  link  between  Cinnam6mcie  and  Hmpi-  I 
netlifoliie.    Horticultural  Society's  Garden.  «■■  »-~4n*i>(ii 

C.  Speciet  Native!  of  Continental  Europe. 
A  I!.  R.  riNNAUo'iiEA  BetL     The  Cinnamon-tcenfnf  Rose. 

I.  Hon.  Er".  Ve™-  OtA,  e.  p. ». ;  Lto.  Sb,,  TOS,  l  Dm-.'i  Mill.,  a.  p.  MS. 
wundliririu  MmKk.  Hano.  i.  p.  m.,  n.  Dini.  t.  Hit,;   R.  mitUU 


idl.  Rm.,  i.».jFI.Dtii.,l.  UH.:  MBi  oar  Jig.  Ki. 
„^c  Clitr.,  *c.      Tall,   cinereous.      Branches   straight.     Prickles  stipub 
straightish.     Stipules  dilated,  undulated.     Leaflets  oblong,  obtuse,  wrinkle 
tomentose  beneath.   (Don't   Mil.)     Flowers   solitary,  or   2— -3  togetbi 


XXVI.    JJOSACEiE:    /?OSA. 


327 


pale  or  bright  red.  Fruit  round,  naked,  and  crimson. 
The  double-flowered  variety  is  most  common  in  gar- 
dens. An  upright  shrub.  Native  of  most  parts  of 
Europe,  and  a  doubtful  native  of  England.  Height 
5  ft.  to  6  ft.  Flowers  pale  or  bright  red  ;  May  and 
June.    Fruit  crimson  ;  ripe  in  September. 

A  very  desirable  sort,  on  account  of  its  fragrance, 
which  resembles  that  of  cinnamon.  There  is  a  semi- 
double  variety  ;  and  the  single  state  is  supposed  to  be 
identical  with  R.  raajalis  below.  ^^"^ 

Other  European  Species  not  NaHves  of  Britain.  —  R,       Mt.  r.  ctauumdmM. 
frutetonim  Best.,   R.  taurica   Bieb.,  and   R.  dahurica 
PalLf  are  described  in  our  first,  edition,  and  the  first  two  are  in  Messrs.  Lod- 
diges's  collection. 

D.  Species  Natives  of  Britain* 
M  \3,  R»  (c.)  majaYis  Retz,    The  May  Rose. 

Identification.    Rets.  Obs.  Bot.,  S.  p.  33. ;  Don'i  Mill.,  2.  p.  &66. 
Sgfnonjfmes.    R.  mbtica  Ft.  Dan.  68S. ;   R.  spinoslsstma  Gorier.  Ingr. 
78. ;  R.  coUincola  Ekr.  Beitr.  2.  p.  70. ;  R.  cinnamdmca  Eng.  Rot.  8388. 
Engravings.    Fl.  Dan.,  t.  688. ;  Eng.  Bot.,  t.  2388. ;  and  our.^.  563. 

Spec.  Char ^  ^c.  Dwarf  grey.  Branches  straight,  coloured. 
Prickles  scattered,  nearly  equal.  Stipules  linear.  Leaf- 
lets oblonL',  fiat,  glaucous,  and  tomentose  beneath. 
(Doji's  Mill.)  A  nearly  smooth  shrub.  Flowers  usually 
solitary,  pale  red.  Fruit  ojange  red,  spherical,  and 
naked,  mtive  of  Sweden  and  Lapland  ;  and  of  Britain, 
near  Pontefract,  in  Yorkshire. 
Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Flowers 
acs.  *.  maj^ita.  pale  red  ;  May  and  June. 

This  is  supposed  by  some  to  be  the  single  state  of 
R.  cinnamomea. 

A  14.  R.  DiCKSON/^Vii  Lindl.     Dickson's  Rose. 

Mait^fkation.    Lindl.  Hort.  Tram.,  7.  p.  224. ;  Eng.  Bot.,  vol.  It. 

p.  51. ;  Don't  Mill.,  2.  p.  566. 
Bngrwings.    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  2707. ;  and  our  fig.  564 . 

Spec.  Char.,  Sjrc.  Branches  flexuous,  setigerous,  armed 
with  a  few  slender  scattered  prickles.  Leaflets 
folded  together,  unequal,  with  coarse  double  scr- 
ratures.  Stipules,  petioles,  and  sepals  compound. 
Styles  stretched  out,  glabrous.  {DorCs  Mill.)  A 
laige  prickly  shrub.  Ireland.  Height  5  ft.  to  6  ft. 
Flowers  white  or  pale  pink ;  June  and  July. 


5M.     A.  Dlcluoiii.ius. 


J  iv.  Pimpinellifdliie  Lindl. 

Sect.  Char.,  ^c.  Plants  bearing  crowded,  nearly  equal,  prickles,  or  unarmed, 
firactless,  rarely  bracteate.  Leaflets  ovate  or  oblong.  Sepals  connivent, 
permanent.  Disk  almost  wanting.  This  section  is  essentially  different  from 
the  last  in  habit,  but  in  artificial  characters  they  approach  very  nearly.  It, 
however,  may  be  distinguished  by  the  greater  number  of  leaflets ;  which 
vary  from  7  to  13,  and  even  to  15,  instead  of  from  5  to  7.  The  flowers 
are  also  universally  without  bracteas ;  except  in  the  R.  alpina,  R.  Sabini, 
R.  Doniana,  and,  perhaps,  R.  marginkta.  These,  having  connivent  perma- 
nent sepals,  cannot  be  confounded  with  the  preceding  division  ;  nor,  on 
account  of  their  disk,  with  the  following.  There  is  no  instance  of  stipular 
prickles  in  the  present  tribe.     The  sc[)als  are  entire,  or  nearly  so,  unless 

y  4 


326  AUBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUU    BRITANNICUM. 

when  mentioned  otherwise.  (Don'i  MHI,') — Deciduous :  forming  buibes 
partly  low  and  dense,  and  partly  large  and  rambling.  Netivei  ot  Briuiu, 
ContineMal  Europe,  Aua,  and  North  America. 

A.  Spcaei  Xalivei  of  Europe. 
■   15.  S.  ALFi'NA   Lin,     Tlie  Alpine  Rose. 

.    Lhl,  Bp.,  f03.  \  Han't  Hlll.^  S.  p.  M>T. 

"  --•■-•-•-  '^T.t,  Anlr,  ia.  i  A.  monipelluc*  Oimim  Matup.  SM.  i  R.  InCrmli  Uai. 
U.  Diaiph.  i.  p.  in,.  -,  It.  JijenirLa  FiU.  L  c.  p.  KI. ;  X.  bltim  Mnt. 
.'  Jtcq.  F1.  Auttr..t.lTB.i  Lliidl.  Bot.  Bfg^  L4It.;  ind  out  .He.  W^ 
Spec,  t'iar.,  ^c.  Unarmed.  Fruit  elongated,  penJnloua.  Peduncles  hispid. 
{UotCi  Mill.)  Flowers  erect,  blush-coloured,  solitary.  Fruit  oraniie  red, 
oblong  or  obovttte,  with  long  sepals,  generally  pcnduloui.  An  unarmed 
shrub.  Alps  of  Austria,  hills  in  the  South  of  France,  Silesia,  Bohemia 
Dauphin^,  Switzerland,  &c.  Height  5  ft.  to  8  ft.  Introduced  in  16S3 
Flowers  bluah-coloured  ;  June  and  July.     Fruit  orange  red  ;  ripe  in  Sep- 


■  B.  11.  8  ta^^vii  Ser.,  but  not  of  Desv.  or  Red. ;  R.  Sanguisorba  majoris, 

&c..  DiU.  EllA. ;  R.  alpma  glibra  Den. ;  R.  a.  vulgaris  Red.  flo..  8. 
p.  III.,  andourj^.  566. ;  has  the  stem,  peduncles,  and  calyx  quite 
glabrous,  and  the  fruit  oblong. 

■  B.  0.  3  tpeciita  Hurt.  Drummond's  Thonile»s  Rose.  —  A  'ery   beau. 

tiful  climbing  variety,  raised  by  Mr.  Drummond  In  the  Cork  Botanic 

Garden,  about  18^0. 
'    Other  Varittiei.     Fourteen  are  described  in  the  first  edition  of  this  work, 
but  they  are  chiefly  of  botanical  interest. 

.■  16.  R.  biaVis   Wjlld.     The  sweet  Rose. 

Jdenli/lctlion.    Wllld.  Enum.  Suppl.,  p.  37. ;  UnkEnmn..!  P-ST.i  Doo'i  MIIL, ».  |>.  OCT. 

^iFC.  Char.,  ^c.     Stem  hispid.     Leaves  glabrous,  glau- 

ceacent  beiieuth.   Peduncles  and  petioles  clothed  with 

glandular  bristles.  ( Don' i  Mill.)     Petals  deep  purple, 

deeply  2'lobed.     Fruit   oblong,  glabrous.     A  bi^pid 

shrub,    Native  country  unknown,  most  probably  Eu- 
rope.     Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.      Introduced  in   l«ie 

Flowers  deep  purple ;  June  and  July.     Fruit  scarlet , 

ripe  in  September. 

This  very  distinct  variety,  or  perhaps  apecii^,  of  rose 
i«  probably  at  present  wanting  in  British  collections ;  for 
it  must  not  be  confounded  with   Adsa  suaviolens  or  hi    ■. 

with  B6sa  auavif&lia,  both  described  in  Le  Rotatdtte  fW- 
(■ootnir  as  varieties  of  B.  rubi^DbM,  or  synonymes  to  that  species. 


XXVI.  AOSA  CE£  :  Ao  SA.  329 

t  17.  R.  bulphu'bejI  AU.     The  sulphur-fv/ouic^-^ouwrflf  Roie. 
.    AU.  Hart.  V.ew,  J.  p.  WU ,  Lindl,  Boa.,  t.  n. :  Dm'i  Mill.,  I.  p  MS. 

- Hmn.iHii.ia;.A.(l>uci>pl>rUl>£lrA£rTlr.  ].p.69:i  StMilHUB 

0.31.1  A .  liitc*  ffrol.  R.  I.u.  I,  V.  137.1  Ihe  ilDublc  jcUdv  ROH. 
i  Bol.  Keg.,  t.  <6. 1  ud  ouij^,  MB. 
J^ori'.  f.'Aor.,  ifr.      Stipules  linear,   divaricaie, 

dilated  at  the  apex.  Leaflets  glaurous,ilBttish. 

Tube  hemispherical.    (Don't   Mili.)      Stem 

prickles    unequal,   scattered.      A   deciduous 

shrub.     Levant.     Height  41^  (o  10 IL     Iii- 

troiluced  before  16:f9.     Flowers  fine  truns- 

parent  yellow,  double  J  July. 

This  sort  does  not  flower  freely,  except  in 
open  airy  situations  ;  and,  if  trained  against  a 
wall,  exposed  to  the  north  or  east  rathur  than 
to  the  south.  Its  flower  buds  are  apt  to  burst 
on  one  side  before  ibey  expand,  and  conse- 
quently to  became  deformed ;  to  prevent  this, 
the  blossom  buds  should  be  thinned,  and  care 
taken  that  they  have  abuadance  of  light  and  uir. 
Watering  it  freely  in  the  flowering  season  is  found 
adraotageous ;  and  the  shoots,  in  general,  ought 
not  to  be  shortened.  This  beautiful  species 
is  said  to  flower  freely,  if  grafted  on  the  nnl^k 
cluster  at  B or  10  feet  from  the  ground;  or  it  will  do  well  on  the  China  rose. 

I  Donn.     The  Bumct-leaved  Rose. 

^c.  Char.,  Sic     Tali.     Pricklea  nearly  equal,     LeafleU  9—11.  oblong,  gla- 
brous, simply  serrated.     Fruit  globose,  depressed,  dark.  (Don't  Mill.)     An 
erect  shrub.  Habitnt  unknown,  most  probably  Europe.   Height  3fl.  to  2  (t. 
Flowers  while;  May  and  June.     Fruit  black ;  ripe  in  September. 
Easily  distinguished  by  the  number  of  its  leaflets,  the  shortness  of  its  po- 

duncles,  and  by  its  globoiie  dqiressed  fruit. 

B,  Spcdct  yathei  of  Siberia. 
•    19.  A.  1 

Urmialaiiiim.    LI«U.R«.,  p.  U.iDan-iHI]l..l.  p.  KS. 
Sfmomr^r.    R.  (ilmplDelliraiU  Bki.  Fl.  Tnur.  t  p.  X». 

S/>re.  Char.,  ^c.     Branches  without  bristles.      Prickles 

nearly  equal,  distant.     Leaflets  flat,  glabrous,  simply 

■errated.  (Doti't  Mill.)     A  pricklv  shrub.     Siberia. 

Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.     Introduced  in  18  IB.     Flowers 

white;  May  and  June.     Fruit  dark ;  rijie  in  Sept, 

Differs  Irom   R.   spinosissima,   though    scarcely   to 
much  as  to  render  it  a  dirstiuct  species.  m,    ■.(■vUSm. 

R,    acicutaria   Lindl.,  and  R.  oxyac^ntha   Bieb.,  are  described  in  our  first 

•t  Native*  of  North  America  and  Siberia. 

The  yellow  American  RosiC. 

ir.  S(M.,  tdI.  3.  p.  ;«.%. ;  LJodl.  Rni.,  p.  41.  -,  Iton'I  MilU  ].  p  K* 


3;J0  AltUORETUM    ET   FRUIICETU.M    BRITANNICUU. 

Sjicr.  Char.,  S(c.  Prickles  of  the  branches  crowded,  iinequd, 
slender,  reflexed  ;  of  the  branchleis,  small  and  nearly  eqiiHl. 
LeaHets  flat,  glabrous,  simply  serRiled.  {Don't  Mill.)  An 
erect  shrub.  North  America  and  Siberia,  Height  4  ft.  to 
6  ft.  liilroduced  in  1780.  Flowers  pale  yellow;  May  and 
June.  Fruit  large,  ovate,  blaeli. 
A  very  distinct  variety,  or  probably  species,  well   deaerving 

aplace  in  botanical  collectiono. 

^21.  fl.  yvBiACA'sTti*  Dec.     The  myriad-prickled  Hose-   j,o.  jt.taMoii 
D«.  FL  Fr..  *.  p.  4M. !  Dop'i  Mill.,  i.  p.  Wt 
nvma.    A.  urrlftlllg  fnO.  Ah.  BL  ?  i   A.  proiinciiUJi  £lc».  f7.  Tnr.  I.  p.  MS.?:    ff.  tpli 
...limt  nr.  i  TByT\v*r«t.t  Sir.in  Die.  Prod.  I.  p.  SM. 
Entratlivi-    "-Ini"'  »"■■■  '■  ">■  •  »"*  "UfA-  5J1- 

Sprc.  Char.,  <^.     Prickles  unequal,  larger  ones  d^er-formeJ.     Leaflets  gla 
dular,g!abrou*,orbiciLlar.  {DoiCiMUl.)    A  diininuiive spinj shrab.    Sibei' 
TauriB,and  also  Daupliine,Bnd  near  Mont[ielier, 
Height  1  ft.to8ft.     Flowers  wliite;  May  imd 
June.     Fruit  dark;  ripe  in  Sepleinbcr. 
Shoolg  simple  an 
erect,  resembling,   i 
many  res|)ectH,  R.  sp 
nosfssima  in  a  stuntt 


i   IValdil.  H  KU.     The  rerersed-jiriotfcd  Hose. 

.ng..l.  [.&,.!  our  Jft.6;».  ' 

SiKc,CAar„^.  Prickles  setaceous,  nearly  eqiinl,reflexed.  Leaves doublv  s 
Mted.  pubescent.  Fruit  hispid.  (Don'i  MiU.)  A  large  rambling  s'hn 
Hungary,  on  the  mountains  of  Matra,  in  stony  places.  Height  2  ft.  to  o 
Introduced  in  18l(i.  Flowers  soliiarj;,  while,  (inv-ed  with  pink  ;  June  k 
July,     Fruit  ovate,  dark  [)urplcf  ripe  in  ScpienibtT. 

D.  Spcciei  Kalivet  of  Brilan. 

J,  83.   S.  spiNOsi'ssiM*   L.      The  moBi  spiny,  or 

Scolch,  Rose. 
littnli/laitfim.    Lin.  Fl.  Sur,^i1.i  Sp..431.i  Don-i  Mill.,  t.  p.KK. 

.'ipec.  Char.,  ^c.      Privklen   unequal.      Leaflets  flat,  , 

glabrous,  simply  serrated.  {Don't  Mill.)     A   dwarf 

compact  bnsh,  with   creeping  suckers.      Flowers 

sninll,   solitary,  white  or  blush-coloured.       Fruit 

ovate,  or  nearly  round,  black  or  darit  purple.     A 

vcrv  spiny  shrub.     Europe  ;  plftitiful  ui   Britain. 

Height  I  ft,  to  2  It.     Flowers  white  or  blush  ;  May 

and  June.     Fruit  puqile  or  black  ;  ri[>e  in  Sept. 
t'nnetiet.      A  gre;it  many  varieties,  cross-bred K,  and  ■ 

hybrids  have  liecii  r:iised  of  this  rose,  with  flowers 


XXVI.  iiosA'cEiE:  ro\a. 


331 


ST4.    Jl.raMfla. 


double,  soDicIouble,  white,  purple,  red,  and  even  yellow.  The  first  double 
wiety  was  found  in  a  wild  state,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Perth,  by  Mr. 
Brown  of  the  Perth  Nursery,  who  raised  a  number  of  others  from  seed. 
Mr.  Austin  of  the  Glasgow  Nursery  also  raised  upwards  of  50  select  vari- 
eties ;  and,  subsequently,  the  number  of  these  varieties  for  sale  in  the  nur- 
series has  become  so  great,  and  they  are  changing  their  names  so  often,  that 
It  would  be  useless  to  attempt  to  give  a  list  of  them  in  this  work.  In  Mr. 
Rivers's  Abridged  List  of  Roses,  in  the  Rose  Amateur* t  Guide,  the  following 
sorts  are  recommended  :  Erebus,  Guy  Mannering,  La  Neige,  Lady  Baillie, 
Queen  of  May,  True  yellow,  William  the  Fourth,  and  Venus. 

-•  24.  R.  rube'lla  Smith.    The  reddish  Rose. 

UentificeHon.    Smith  Eng.  Bot..  2521. ;  Don's  Mill.,  2.  p.  567. 
Kngravmgs.    Eng.  Bot.,  2521. ;  and  our  Jig,  674. 

Spec.  Char.,  <Jt.  Prickles  slender,  straight,  crowded.  Fruit 
globose.  Leaflets  glabrous.  Peduncles  bristly.  (Don's 
Mill.)  A  low  shrub,  with  divaricating  branches.  Eng- 
land, in  Northumberland,  on  the  sandy  sea  coast.  Height 
2  ft.  to  3  ft.  Flowers  either  blush-coloured,  or  >%hite 
blotched  with  pink,  delicately  fragrant ;  July.  Fruit 
bright  scarlet ;  ripe  in  September. 

A  rare  species,  nearly  allied  to  R'  spinosissima 
m  25.  R.  HiBE^RNiCA  Smith.     The  Iribh  Rose. 

lifntificatitm.    Smith  in  Eng.  Bot,  2196. ;  Don's  MIU.,  2.  p.  569. 
tHrawHgt,    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  2196. ;  and  our  fig.  675. 

Spec,  Char.yS^c.  Prickles  unequal,  slightly  hooked, smaller  ones 
bristle-formed.  Leaflets  ovate,  acute,  simply  serrated,  with 
the  ribs  hairy  beneath.  Sepals  pinnate.  Fruit  nearly  glo- 
bular, smooth,  as  well  as  the  peduncles.  (Don's  Mill.)  A 
prickly  shrub.  Ireland,  in  the  counties  of  Derry  and  Dow  n, 
m  thickets.  Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.  Flowers  small,  light  bluish  ; 
June  to  November.     Fruit  orange-coloured ;  ripe  Sept. 

M  26.  R.  Wi'lson/  Borr.    Wilson's  Rose. 

Idatjfieatum.  Hook.  Brit.  Flor.,  p.  228. ;  Eng.  Bot.  Suppl.,  2723. ;  Don't 
JWill.,  2,  p.  Ji70. 

tMgmimgi.    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  2723. ;  and  our  fig.  576. 

^.  Char.,  ^c.  Prickles  crowded,  unequal,  straight,  inter- 
nrixed  with  setae.  Leaflets  simply  serrated,  hairy,  their  disks 
glandless.  Sepals  simple.  Fruit  nearly  globular.  (Don's 
^ill.)  England,  near  Bangor  Ferry.  Height  2  ft.  to  4  ft. 
Rowers  beautiful  dark  pink  ;  June  and  July.  w*.  R.hiMniie. 

M  27.  R.  isvou}\a  Smth.     The  involute-pWa/^rf  Rose. 

Identifieatum.    Smith  in  Eng.  Bot.,  206a  :  Don's 

Mill.,  2.  p.  569. 
Synonynu.    R,  idT&Ilt  Bonn  Hort,  Cam.  ed.  I. 

p.  170. 
Engravings.    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  2068.;  and  cur  fig. 

877. 

Spec.  Char.,  i;c.  Prickles  very  une- 
qual, and  very  much  crowded.  Leaf- 
lets doubly  serrated,  pubescent. 
Petals  convolute.  Fruit  prickly, 
(Don's  Mill.)  Petals  pale  red,  con- 
cave. Hebrides,  in  the  Isle  of  Arran, 
and  in  Glen  Lyon.  A  low  shrub. 
Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  Flowers  pale 
red;  June.  Fruit  black;  ripe  in 
September. 


■f     «  WOMni. 


R.  in  volt  u. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH     BRITANNICUH 
A  S8.  R,  Sabi'm/  Woods.     Sabine's  Rose. 


Spfc.  Char,,  ijc.  Peduncles,  calyji,  rruit,  and  branches 
bristly.  Prickles  scHttereJ,  ijtraichlish.  Leaflets 
doubly  serrated,  ni'arly  smooCb,  with  bairy  ribs.  Se- 
pals pinnate.  (Don't  Mi/l.)  Flower  stalks  rather  ■ 
aggregate.  PetaU  line  red.  Fruit  ovate,bnght  scarlet. 
An  (iprieht  bmnchy  bhrub.  Native  of  Scotland,  near 
Dunkeld;  or  England,  in  Cumberland,  North utiiber- 
land,  and  Yoikshire.  Height  5ft.  lo  B  ft.  Flowers 
red;  July.     Fruit  bright  scarlet ;  ripe  in  Kqitemlver.  an.  ii.s>tD> 

Farieti/.  A  plant  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden  is  niimed  J?.  S.  gra 
•  29.  R.  DonmV.*   Woods.     Don's  Rose. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^f.     Peduncles  bractlesa,  bristly,  «i 

J^,g-       as  the  elobular  fruit  and  calvx.     Stem  bristi' 

^T         prickly,  like  the  downy  petioles.      Leafleis  ellif 

I  doubly  and   sharply  serrMteil,  hairy  on  both  i 

Ptlals  spreading.    (Bon'i  AM.)     Segments  oi 

t  calyx  simple.     A  large  shrub.     Highlands  of 

land,  particularly  on  the  mountains  ol'  Clova,  A 
shire      Height   *a.  to   6 It.     Flowen,   pink; 
and  JLdy.    Fruit  red  j  ripe  in  September. 
Varirlff.     There  is  a  variety  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Gi 
(79.  ■.D~u-.  ealltd  fl.  D.  Ii6rrida;  and  Dr.  Lindley  remarks 

It.   Wilsoni  Borr.  (Enft.  Bot.  Siipp.  t.  2723. 
SabinioHfl,   and  fl.  involuta  are   all  some  of  ihe  endless   varietiu  t 
m61lis,  our  R.  villoaa.  No.  35.  (Conip.  Sal.  Mag.,  i,  p.  189.) 
This  rose  was  named  in  honour  of  Mr.  Don  of  Forfar. 

{  V.    CenHfolia:  Lindl. 

Drrint/hm.  FrPtn  cfifni.  Jt  bimdiwip  and  fajnim.  t  leaf  ^  bmUM  Eha  ipcclq  caitalofd 
HciliiD  ngm- 111  chuuter  wllh  the  hundrcJ'leiavfd  lote,  which  liiodoiiUcu  toimnla 

Sect.  Char.,  ^.  Shrubs  all  bearing  bristles  and  pricLlex.  Peduncles 
teate.  Leaflets  oblong  or  ovate,  wrinkled.  Disk  thickened,  closii 
throat.  Stpal 9  compound.  —  This  division  comprises  the  portion  o 
genus  Rosa  which  has  moht  |>articulurly  interested  the  lover  of  flower 
is  probable  that  the  earliest  roses  of  which  there  are  any  records  of 
cultivated  belonged  to  this  section;  but,  to  which  particuhu- species 
nf  Cyrcneor  Mount  Panixusarc  tobe  referred,  it  is  now  too  late  to  en 
The  attar  of  rosea,  whicQ  is  an  important  article  of  commerce,  is 
obtained  from  roses  belonging  to  this  division  indiscriminately-,  as 
manufuctorv  at  Florence,  conducted  by  a  convent  of  friars ;  or  from 
particular  Lind,  as  in  India.  (Zhn'i  MiU.,  ii.  p.  57 1,  adapted.)  D 
ous  bushes,  generally  erectish  ;    natives  of  Syria,  Caucasus,  and  Midi 

■  a  30.  R.  dahasce'na  Mill.    The  Damascus,  or  Duvuulc,  Rose. 
liimiflcMoH.    Mill.  DlFL,  No.  rn, :  Don't  Hill.,  X  p.  STI. 

■Syfioninnn.  R.  bHi;icl  Mill.  Did.  No.  17. ;  S,  cnloliUruin  Mmr*.  Ilaum,  n  Bark  Hi 
BMirV  Am.  lb.  Midi, U.;   fl.  Mfera  Patr.  Sappi.  G.  p,  SIS.,   fl,-rf.  flnj.   ].  p.  107.  .«! 

Spec.  Char.,  <tc.     Prickles  unei]ual,  larger  ones   falciite.      Sepals    rcl 


XXVI.    AOSA  CEJG  :    AO  SA.  3S3 

Fruit  Elongated.  (Don'i  Mill.)  A  bushjr  shrub.  Syria.  Height  8  (t.  to  8  ft. 
Introduced  in  1573.  Flowers  large,  vhite  or  red,  single  or  double ;  June 
andJulj.     Fniit  red;  ripe  in  September. 

rgiietifi.  Tiiere  are  nearly  100  varietiea  which  are  classed  under  this  species  i 
but  it  is  very  doubtrul.  whether  many  of  them  are  not  hybridii  between  this 
and  other  sorti.      Among  the  names  of  the  vnrieiies  clamed   under  tliis 

,  head  are,  the  monthly'  blush ;  the  blush  damask  ;  the  red  and  while  da- 
ma^  ;  the  red  and  while  monthly;  the  incomparable  ;  the  crimson  per- 
petual J  and,  perhnpa,  the  handsomest  Toriety  of  the  species,  the  quatre 
ni^ns,  of  which  there  are  aix  or  eight  subvarieiieB  ;  the  royal;  and  tho 
York  and  L 


The  present  spedea  may  be  diitinguisbed  from  R.  centifotia  by  the  greater 
UK  o(  the  prickles,  the  greenness  of  the  bark,  the  elongated  fruit,  and  the 
bug  reflcx«t  saials.  The  petals  of  this  species,  and  all  the  varieties  of  It. 
centilblia,  as  well  as  those  of  other  Kpecies,  are  employed  indiscriminately  fur 
the  purposs  of  making  rose-water.  S.  damasc^a  is  extremely  beautiful,  Irom 
Ihe  ate  and  brilliant  colour  of  iu  Sowers. 

•  31.  A.  centifo'li*  Lin.  The  hundrcd-petaled,  Provenee.or  Cab6agr,Vxt»e. 

Unmoalim.    Ub.  Sp..W14.i  Don't  M«t.l.  p.  fiJI. 
%wwna.  R,  ptO'lfieWU  Mill.  Did.  No.  18.;  J).  pa|¥(nlta» 

«o^.  RM.t.aS.;  S.  earjophJllMftiir.  SHraJ.  6.  p.  I7Fi.l 

K.  unpilcullu  Dt^.  Col.  ITS.  ;  B.  lAjUni  F<M  Bokem.  i. 

ifrarmri    Rouif .  Bin.  t.  I.i  Rid.  R«,  1,  p.  It,  t.  I. ;  md 
our  A- JM.  <rf  Um  duublcBDiriml  wiiHy. 

■Ipec.  C^ar.,  ifc.     Prickles  unequal,  larger  ones- 

btcate.   LetiAets  ciliated  with  glands.   Flowers 

droopini.       Calyiea    clnmniy.    Fruit  oblong. 

(Don't  irJi.)  A  bushy  shrub.   Eastern  Cauca- 
sus, in  groves.   Height  3  fc  to  6  ft.    Introduced 

in  1596.  '  Flowers  white  or  red ;   single,  bat 

most    coamonly    double ;     June    and  July: 

Fruit  red  ;  ripe  in  September. 
Farietitt,     Above  100  varieties  are  assigned  to 

this  speciea,  whieb  are  classed  in  three  divi- 

•  R.  c.  I  proeiacialu  Mill. ;  lie  Provence, 
or  Cabbage,  Roia;  among  which  are 
the  royal  and  cabbage  blush ;  the  car-  "*'  "  ™'™"» 


334  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BBITANNICUM. 

mine  ;  the  cluster  ;  the  DucliCBse   d'Angou- 

Wme,  a   very   hwidsonie   white   rose  ;   the 

Provence,  of  which  there  are  upwmnls  of 

twenty    subvnrielies  ;     the    prolific ;     the 

striped  nosegay  ;  and  the  Versailles. 
m  R.C.  i  miurojn  Mill.,  lAe  Moa  Roiet ;  among 

which  are  the  common  single  {^jig.  dSJ.I, 

the   common  douhle,  the  blush,  the  dark, 

the  Btri|>ed,  thewhitc,  and  the  crested  moHt 

(A.  c.  m.  criatata),  and  many  others. 
•  R,  c.  4  pomponia  Dec,   the    Pompone  Rom 

N.  DuHam.;  R.  pomponia  Redoute  Koa. 

p.  65.;  among  which  are  the  "ell-known  rose 

de  Meaux,  an  old  inhabitant  of  the  gardenaj  '"■  "■'■'«■'■>•• 

the  mossy  de  Meam,  the   dwarf,    and   small  Provenre ;  the  r 

de  Rhcims ;   and   the  common  and   proliferous  pompone.    1'h 

rosea  should  be  cut  down  every  year,  wlien  tlicy  have  done  flower 

that  tliey  may  Bend  up  new  shoots  every  sprini;  to  produce  flowi 
'   If  this  be  not  done,  the  principal  branches  will  dry  up,  and  heca 

bare  like  those  of  the  brambli;. 
This  species  is  distinguished  from  R.  damasc^na  hj*  the  sepals  not  bt 
reflexed,  and  the  flowers  having  their  petals  curved  inwards,  so  as,  in 
double  Slate,  to  give  the  flower  the  appearance  of  the  heart  of  a  cahha 
whence  the  name  of  the  cabbage  rose.  Its  fruit  is  either  oblong  or  roundi 
but  never  elongated.  From  R.  gallica  it  is  distinguished  by  the  flowers  be 
drooping,  and  by  the  larger  size  of  the  prickles,  with  a  more  robust  habit. 

.■  32.  R.  ga'llica  Lin,    The  French  Rose. 

ItUnn/lcalilai.    Lin.  Sp.,THi  D«.  Prod.,  t.|>.6ni. 
£y»«yw.    R.ctDUmi^UIU.  Dki.tta.<\.;  JJ.nlvliUa 

tiller.  .VuiU.  KM.)  a.  ntbn  Lam.  Fl.  Fr.  1.  p.  (30.  s  J). 

hulowncn  flsuu.  ffu.  t.  IS.  \_R.  Mlgici  Bm.  n.  Lv.  J . 

p.  S98. ;  R.  bUixU  BnL  1.  e.  j  Bsh  d«  l^oiiiu,  Fr. ;  Eulg 

Em-al-mfr'    HilL  Ic.  1.  »1 .  f.  t,  ;    Bed  R«.  1.  L9S.J  our 

fy  M4.  of  tlip  ipHidi  andj^.  B9A.,  vhlch  It  or  tbe  varioij 

Spec,  Cliar.,  ^c.  Prickles  unequal.  Stipules 
narrow,  divaricate  at  the  tip.  Leaflets  5 — 7, 
coriaceous,  rigid,  ovate  or  lanceolate,  de- 
flexed.  Flower  bud  ovate-giobosc.  Sepals 
Krcadmg  during  the  time  of  the  flowcnng. 
Tiit  aiibgloboae,  very  coriaceous.  Calyx  ( 
and  peduncle  more  or  less  hispid  with  glandcd  ! 
hairs,  somewhat  viscose.  A  species  allied  to 
R.  centifolia  L.,  but  with  round  fruit,  and 
very  coriaceous  leaflets,  with  more  numerous 
nerves,  that  are  a  little  prominent,  and  are 
annstomosing.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  busby  shrub. 
Middle  of  Europe  and  Caucasus,  in  hedges. 
Height  3  ft  to  3  D.  Introduced  ?.  Flowers 
red,  crimson,  or  white,  single  or  double  j  June  ^^^ 

and  July.    Fruit  red  ;  ripe  in  August.  ««*««. 

yarieliei.  The  varieties  of  this  species  are  very  numerous  ■  some  of 
principal  are.  the  cramoisie  royal  crimson,  black  damask'  Fannv  B 
Flanders,  giant,  glona  mundi,  grand  monarqiie,  the  Dutch,  the  blush 
bishop  (Jig.  585.),  and  Singleton's,  all  old  favourites  in  our  irardens  ■  Ma 
marbled,  several  aubvarieties  ;  miqnonne,  six  or  eicht  sorts  ■  Morcx 
negro,  mottled  black,  Ninon  de  I'Enclos,  Normandy  ;  officinal  or  the  r 
Of  the  shops,  several  varieties;  purple,  14  sorts  ;  poppy  ;  velvet,  sen 


>SA  CE«  :    EO  s, 


kinds ;  rnnunculii 
□lundi,  sultana ;  Tuscany ; 
the  fioaa  e.  parvifolia,  our 
/g.  586.  1  he  village  muid,  h 
striped  rose,  introduced  by 
Mr.  Itojiers  of  Souihampion, 
probably  belongs  to  ill  is 
species.  BcKdes  these,  theie 


The  petals  of  some  of  t  he  va- 
rieties  of  this  rose  are  used  in 
medicine,  particularly  ofthut  called  officinal;  which, 
thoughnot  so  fragrant  as  thoseof  the  Dutch  hundnd- 
leavcd  rose,  another  variety,  are  [irefern-d  for  their 
beautiful  colour  and  their  pleasant  oalringency. 

Sect.  Char.  Surculi  erect.  Prickles  straiglitish.  Leaflets  ovate  or  oblong, 
with  direi^ug  serrstures.  S(^als  coniitfent,  permanent.  Dihk  thickened, 
closing  the  throat.  —  This  division  borders  equally  close  upon  those  of 
Caninx  and  Rubigindne.  From  both  it  la  distinguished  by  its  root-suckers 
being  erect  and  slout.  The  most  absolute  marks  of  difference,  however, 
between  this  and  Cunincc,  exist  in  the  prickles  of  the  present  section  being 
straight,  and  the  aernilures  of  the  leaves  diverging.  If,  as  is  sometimes  the 
cuse.  the  prickles  of  this  tribe  are  falcate,  the  serratures  become  niurc  di- 
verging. The  |«nnnnent  sepals  are  another  character  by  which  this  tribe 
may  be  known  from  Canins,  Rubigino>ce  cannot  be  confounded  with  the 
present  section,  on  account  of  the  unequni  hooked  prickles,  nnd  glandular 
leaves,  of  the  species.  Roughness  of  fruit  and  permanence  of  BcpaU  arc 
common  to  both.  {Don'i  Mill.,  ii.  p.  576.)  Deciduous  shrubij.  luofttly 
*ith  erectiah  branches.     Natives  of  Middle  Europe,  or  Britain. 

A.  Native*  of  Middle  Europe,  not  cf  Sntiaa. 

•  33.  R.  turbin*'ta  Ait.     The  turbiiiaie-ra/^jrcrf,  or  FToakforl,  Rose. 


&*'*e7iiri.     a.  cuniiinulsU  £*r*.  Sfifr.  S.  p-  97. ;  Jl,  fran. 
^trMfi.    Jk^.  SditlDbr..  4.  I.  4is.i  Ui>r.SH.,t.6e.i 

aper.  Char.,  tfc.  Stem  nearly  without  prickles. 
Branches  smooth.  Leaflets  5 — 7,  ovate-cor- 
date, lar^e,  wrinkled  in  a  bulluie  manner, 
serrate,  approximate,  a  little  ?illous  beneath. 
Stipules  large,  clasping  the  stem  or  branch. 
Flowers  disposed  subcorymboaely,  large,  vio- 
laceous red.  Peduncles  wrinkled  and  hispid. 
CalyE  turbinate,  smoothieh.  Sepals  undi- 
vided, subspathuL-ite.  (^Dec.  Prod.)  An  erect-  ,,,.  ^  mrBum 
i«h  shrub.  Germany.  Height  4  ft.  to  ti  ft. 
Introduced  in  1629.     Flowers  targe,  rcd.and  loose;  June  and  Jidy. 

I'arirtiei.     R.  t.  I  fraacojurlana  Ser.,  and  R.  I.  2  oricuiiJia  Ser.,  ore  tbecom. 
monest  forms  of  this  species. 


ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


•nd  J^.  Mil.  ot  Ih* 

,        Char.,^c.    Leaf-^ 
lets    oblong,    glau- 
coua,   rather  naked    ' 
above,    Bimply   ser-  - 
mtcl.  Prickles   • 

straight  bh  or  ftil- 
cate.  Blonder  or 
Etrong,  without 
bristles.  SepaUpin- 
ite,refloxed.  Fruit 
unarmed.  (Don'i 
Mill.)  A  iHrge 
™-  "■"^  shrub.      Piedmont, 

'  Denmark,  France,  and  Saxony.  Height  4  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  li 
Flowers  large,  either  white,  or  of  the  most  delicate  blush  colour,  wit 
grateful  frngrance ;  June  and  July.  Fruit  oblong,  scarlet,  or  blood-coloar 
ripe  in  September. 
Varietiei.  The  garden  varieties  are  very  numerous  ;  and  some  of  then 
beautiful  ere  the  double,  scmidouble,  and  single  blush ;  the  celestial,  a  ■* 
known  favourite  ;  the  great,  small,  and  cluster  maiden's  blush  ;  the  doi 
thomlcas ;  and  the  double,  seraidouble,  and  single  white.  The  rose  bUn 
a  c<eurvert,  the  bouquet  bianc,  and  the  blanche  de  la  Belgique.  are  i 
known  and  beautiful  varieties  of  this  species. 

B.  jVbhWf  of  Europe  and  BHlain. 
■  35.  S.  TILLO'SA  Lin.     The  TillouB-ilraonf  Rose. 

I.  MM.  1  n.  toBRiiau  e 


iil/iaomjfma.  X-  in6tlla  Smitk  Id  Emt 
JIiH.ii.7T  I  A.  hcIcmphflUi  Wurfj 
K'mi^  L  c  p,  ]M. ;  A.  porntr«rft  He, 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaflets  rounded,  blimtisb,  downy  all 
Fruit  globose,   rather  depressed,   partly   bristly.     Sepali 
slightly   compound.      Branches  without   bristles.  (lion'. 
Mm,)    A  rambling  shrub.    Europe,  in  hedges  ;  in  Britait 
in  bushy  rather  mountiuiious  situations   in  Wales,   Sent 


A  very  variable  plant.  (See  No.  29.  p.  332.) 


•  3G.  R.  TOMENTo'sA   SmUH.     The 

wooltyJeaved,  Itose. 

Umi^nUan,    Smith  Fl.  Bric  US.i  Bug.  But. 

'Ku'.'l. 


'.  Char.,  ^c.    Lcnilett  ovnte,  aci 
downy.    FVuit  .elliptical,  hispid. 


XXVI.  bosa'ce£:  ro'sa.  337 

Pricklei  alightl;  curved.  Petab  white  at  the  base.  A  rambling  shrub.  (Don't 
Hili.)  Europe,  in  hedges  and  thiciceta ;  plendful  in  Brilain.  Height  6  (U 
Flowers  pink  ;  June  nnd  July.     Fruit  scarlet ;  ripe  in  September. 

§  vii.   Rubiffinoste  Lindl. 

OiritMem.    Fnm  rahMmnu,  nu^ ;  tba  Icam  ol  tha  ipBcla  Mnf  ohhUt  tUrnUtaad  wiUi  riul- 

Sect  Char.,  4v.  Prickles  unequal,  sometiiiies  brutle-fomied,  rarely  wanting. 
Leaflet!  ovate  or  oblong,  glandular,  with  diverging  serraturea.  Sepals  per- 
maneat.  Disk  thickened.  Root-»hooti  Brched.  The  numerous  glands  on 
the  lower  surface  of  the  leaves  will  be  sufficient  to  prevent  anything  el»e 
being  referred  to  this  section  ;  and  althoufth  R.  tomentosa  has  sometimes  . 
glandular  leaves,  the  inequality  of  the  pnckles  of  the  specJES  of  Rubigi- 
noss,  and  their  red  fruit,  will  clearly  distinguish  them.  (Don'i  MiU.,  ii. 
p.  5TT.)  —  This  division  includes  all  the  eglantine,  or  Bweel^briar  roses,  which 
are  for  the  roost  part  erect  or  erectish  bushe«  with  deciduous  leaves.  Na- 
tiva  of  firitain.  Middle  Europe,  and  Caucasus. 

A.  Specie!  Kalivei  of  Britain. 
■  37.  A.  itUBiGiNo's&  Lin.    The  rusty-^mtvij  Kose,  Sweet  Briar,  or  Eglantiae, 

HuL,  1.  p.  SM. ;  Dk.  Prod.,  9.  p.  «M. ;  Don'!  Hill,.  9.  p.  HT. 
iTitblU  Liti(f- Seal.  I.  p.  K1..  /I.  Dm.  I.STO.;  B.  BglaM4na  Mill.  Diet.  Nd.4.. 


^Me.  Char.,  J^c.     Prickles  hooked,  compressed,  with 

■mailer    straighter    ones    interspersed.      Leaflets 

ellipncil,  doubly  lerrated,  bury,  clothed  beneath 

with  rust-coloured  glands.      Si^hi  pinnate,  and 

bristly,  IB  well  as  the  peduncles.     Fruit  obovaie, 

bristly  tovarda  the  base.  (Don't  MiiL)     A  ram- 

Uing  shrub.    Europe,  and  Caucasus ;  in  Britain, 

in  biihj  pltices,  on  a  dry  ^velly  or  chalky  soil. 

H^i4n.to6ft.  Flowers  pink;  June  and  Jul}'. 

Fruit  Karlet,  obovaie  or  elliptic ;  ripe  In  September. 

Leaves  sweet-scented  when  bruised. 
ferieiiei.    Eleven  are  described  in  our  first  edition. 

SoDie  of  the  best  for  a  rosarium  are,  the  blush,  '"■  "■  ""*'"*■ 

cluster,  double,  dwarf,  semidouble,  muss},  scarlei,  tree  double,  and  white 


A  Sm.     The  small-flowered  Rose,  or  Sweet  Briar. 

Cvmi^  Sn|.  B«..  L  2t90.  ;  uid  miryljj.  WJ,  ,-pM. 

Spec.  Ciar^  j-c.  Prickles  hooked,  scattered,  nearly  ul.. 
fbnn.  Loflets  ovate,  doubly  serrated,  hairy,  glandular  I 
beneath.  Sepals  pinnate.  Fniit  elliptic,  rather  I 
bristly,  contracted  at  the  summit.  Stems  straggling. 
(Don't  MiU.)  A  bush  with  arched  shoots,  and  atmf- 
^ing  branches.  Britain,  in  hedces  and  thickets,  chiefly 
m  the  South  of  England.  Height  ^  ft.  to  eft  Flowers 
nnall,  pale  red ;  June  and  July.    Fruit  coral  red,  ovate ;  ripe  in  September. 

I  Thidl.     The  Hedge  Rose,  or  Srim: 

Dre.  n.  /v.  *A  S.   No'.  MIT.  i  It. 


3i)6  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICF/1'UM    Bt 

Spec.  Char^  ^c.  Frickles  slender.  Branches  flexuo 
lets  shining,  acute  ut  both  ends.  Flowers  usuall] 
Fruit  pohslied.  Sepab  pinnate,  with  very  narrow 
(DotCi  Mill.')  A  densely  branched  busli.  Europe,! 
in  EnBland,  near  Bridpiirt,  WarwickshLre.  Heigl 
60.  Flowers  amati,  pale  yellowish  pink  ;  June  i 
Fruit  small,  oblong-orate,  scarlet ;  npe  in  Septei 


■ 

40. 

R.    INODO^R. 

I.     The  scentless  Rose 

s 

_,"S 

!|S,S*k,« 

10. 1  Himii  ad.  a.  nz 

EnfTaihif.    Eug,  B«.  V/n.  ;  ud  ourj^.  WG. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Prickles  hooked.  Leaflets  ovate 
glands.  Sepals  pinnate,  often  doubly  pinnate,  decid 
Flower  stalks  a^regate,  hairy.  Fruit  elliptical,  stn 
(Uont  MiU.)  A  BtoLit  bush,  firiuin.  Not  va 
frequent  in  hedj>es  and  thic'kets.  Height  6  R..  tc 
Flowers  pink  ;  June  and  July.  Fruit  elliptic,  or  i 
globose,  scarlet. 

The  foliage  has,  notwithstanding  the  specific  lu 
scent  more  or  less  &int,  according  to  thenumberoff 
developed  in  different  individuals ;  but  it  reaemt 
odour  of  the  pUmts  of  the  preceding  section  than 

B.  ^Kciei  NaHoet  of  ATiddU  £ 


Spec.  Char.,  Ifc.  Prickles  straight.  Leaflets  deep  g 
Sepals  nearly  entire,  setigerous.  Petals  flat,  con 
Flowers  deep  yellow,  large,  cup-shaped,  solitary.  . 
unknown.  A  branchy  shrub.  Germany  and  the  $ 
or  France.  Heicht  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in 
Flowers  deep  yellow  ;  June. 

M  K.  /.  S  t^rkhra  Red.  Ros.  iii.  p.  73.,  witt 
hispid  and  glandular.  Leaves  and  pelioh 
at  the  base.  Prickles  unequal,  scatterei 
above,  and  yellowish  beneath.  Stigmai 
yellow.  {Don't  Mill.) 

^  R.  /.  3  ptinicta  Llndl.  Ros.  p.  84.;  R.  pu- 
nicea  Mtit,  Diet.  No.  12.,  Houig.  Hot. 
t.  5. ;  S.  cinnamoniea  Rolh  FJ.  Gem.  i 
p.  217.;  B.  liitea  bicolor  Jacq.  Find.  i. 
t.  I.,  iMwr.  Rot.  t.  a.,  Rot.  Mag.  t.  1077,  | 
R.  Egtanleria  punlcca  Red.  Roi.  i.  p.  7[. 
t.  8*.  i  R.  EglrmUHa  hfcolor  Dec.  Fl.  Fr. 
iv.  p. +37.;  and  our  Jig.  598.;  has  the 
petals  scarlet  above,  and  yellow  beneath. 

M  H.  L  i^e  plena.  Williams's  double  yeli 
beautiful  variety,  and  a  Tree  floweret,  raiiii 
liams  of  Pitmaston.     Horticultural  Socii 

M  R.L5.  //liggii  If.  Don  id  Sal.  Brit.  Fl.  Ga 


XXVI.    AOSA  CKX  l    BOSA.  33V 

Americun  Roar. — Preity,  and  a  Tree  flowerer.     Raised  by  Mr.  Hofcg, 

Dursecyman,  in  New  Yurk,  from  seeds  ot'  the  single  j'eilow   rote. 

Horticultural  Societj'n  Garden. 
Olirr  Specie!  belonging  to  thii  Seclioii,~R.  ib^rica  Smith,  native  of  Eastern 
Iberia;   E.  glulinosa  fmiM,    aative  of  Greece  ;   R.  Ktiikit  Bess.,  native  of 
TauHa ;  R.  suaveolens  Pwth,  native  of  Nortb  America ;  and  R.  tAoateziuoie 
Humli.,  natiTe  of  Mexico,  are  described  in  our  lint  edition, 

{  viiL  Canltue  Lindl. 


Seel.  Char.,  S/c.  Prickles  equal,  hooked.  Lcsfleta  ovate,  glondless  or  glan- 
dular, with  the  serraiures  conniving.  Sepals  deciduous.  Disk  thickened, 
don ng  the  throat.  Larger  suckers  arched.  (Doa't  Mill.)  Deciduous,  but 
some  Hib-ever^reen. — Chieflv  bushes,  but  pmly  Mnnentose  and  procumbent. 
NaiJTea  of  Britain,  Middle  Europe,  and  Aua. 

A.  ^ledei  Nativei  ef  Urilain. 

Lin.  The  oommon  Dog  Rose. 


».  ;  iDd  our  A.  N9. 

Sper.  Char.,  ^c.      Prickles   strong,   hooked,  r 
Leaflets   siniplj   serrated,  pointed,    quite   I 
smooth.      Sepals  pinnate.      Fruit   ovate, 
smooth,  or  rather  bristly,  tike  the  aggr^ate 
flower   stalks.  (Doii'i  MiU.)    A  rambling 
shrub.   Europe  generallv,  and  the  North 
of  Alrica  ;  plentiful  in  Britain,  in  hedges, 
woodland  thickets.     Heigbt6ft.Io  lOll. 
Flowers  rather  large,  pale  red,  seldom  white  ;  Jim 
Fruit  scarlet ;  ripe  in  S>eptenib«r. 
Vmietif. 

m  H.C.2  aciph^lia  Lindl.  Ros.   p.  99.  j 
«.  aciphjilla  Raa.  69.  with  a  fig.. 
Red.  Koi.  ii.  p.  31.  L  13.  j  and  our 
_/%».  6IX),  601.i  is  a  very  remarkFible - 
variety,  from  the  atraightness  of  it: 
•hoots,  and  its  singular  habit  of  growth.     Thi 
leaves  are  smooth  on  both  surfaces,   and   the 
Sowers  are  smaller  than  those  of  the  specii 
OIIkt   Varieiiei.      Seventeen  are  described    ir 
GrnedittOD. 

Fruit  ovate,  bright  scarlet,  of  a  peculiar  and  very  grateful  flavour,  especially  if 
xnde  into  a  conserve  with  sugar.  The  pulp  of  the 
Inst  besides  saccharine  matter,  contains  citric  acid, 
vUch  eives  it  un  acid  taatc.  The  pulp,  before  it  is 
ncdiihould  be  careiiilly  cleared  from  the  nuts  or 
Knb.    Numerous  varieties. 

»  M.  R.  Fo'RSTEBf  Sm.    Forster's  Dog  Rose. 
U'^lifaMaa.    Sralth  Bni.  Fl..  1  p.  HO.  1  B«.  In  Eni,  BM.  I 
,Siil»l..  Mll.j  Don'.  Mfll^lB-Wa  ' 

4«>>rw.    Ji.  calllni  i  nir  wotit  \a  Li*.  Tram.  II.  f. 
twvnp.    Eni,  Bot  Suppf.,  u  Mil.  I  Bid  vafig.  fOi. 
^.Char.,/fc.  Prickles  scattered,  conical,  hooked. 
%  S 


340  ARBORETUM    ET    FKUTICETUM    BHITANNICUH, 

Letfleta.  simply  Ecrrated,  smooth  above,  but  hairv  on  the  ribi  benei 
Sepal*  doubly  pinnate.  Fruit  elliptical,  Entooth,  like  the  Bfgregate  flo' 
it^ka.  {Don'i  Mill.)  A  Isive  Bhrub.  Native  of  Europe,  in  hedgei ;  pie 
fill  in  England.  Height  6  tl.  to  8  ft.  Flowers  pale  red  ;  June  aiid  Ji 
Fruit  scarlet ;  ripe  in  September. 

m  a.  R.  DUHEToVuM  TAuiU.     The  Thicket  Dog  Row. 
UnMcallm.    ThuU.  n.P»r,,3M.i  Bor.ln  Eng.Bot.  Suppl.,  t.  »10.;  Don"! 
MUl^r  p.  uo. 

«,  BMTmbOsrm  O^mrl.  Fl.  Bad.  AU.  1.  p.  1*7. 
£i(ratiw>.    Bug.  B«.Su|ipl,  1.3610.;  luid  our  A- BW. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Prickles  numerous,  scattered,  hooked. 
Leaflets  simply  Herrated,  hairy  on  both  surfaces.  Sepals 
pinnate,  deciduous.  Peduncles  aggreeate,  slightly  hairy  , 
Fruit  elliptical,  smooth,  as  long  as  the  bracteaa.  (Don'i 
Mill.)  A  large  shrub.  Eurojie,  in  hedges ;  and  found  in 
England,  in  the  southern  counties,  but  seldom  in  an; 
abundance.  Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.  Floirers  reddiah ;  June  and  July.  F 
scarlet ;  ripe  Id  September. 

«  45.  R.  sabhenta'cea  Swartz.    The  sarmentaceous  Dog  Rose. 

^MHWiKI.    X.' gUiKaphfUa   Wttiik  GroKT.    DUIra.*i.%    R.  cuUu  XsU 

Eiwra^>v>'  Curt.  'Cmi.,  Ittc  n.  t.M.;  tBAnar  fig.  EM. 
^wc.  Char.,  S[C.  Prickles  hooked.  Leaflets  ovate,  doubly 
serrated,  smooth,  glundular.  Peduncles  aggregate,  smooth 
or  minutely  bristly.  Sepals  pinnate,  deciduous.  Fruit 
broadly  elliptic,  naked.  (Don't  Mill.)  A  rambling  shrub. 
Europe,  common  in  hedges  and  bushy  places  ;  plentiful  in 
Brilaia.  Height  8  ft.  to  10  ft.  Flowers  |>ink,  and  fra- 
grant; June  and  July.  Fruit  scarlet ;  ripe  in  September. 
The  fruit  is  as  gratefiil  to  the  palate,  probably,  as  that  of 

R.  canina,  with  which  this  eq^ually  common  plant  is  eenerally 

confounded.  This  is  the  species  most  commonly  made  choice 

of  as  a  stock  for  garden  roses. 

A  46.  A.  c£'siA  5n>.    Hie  grey  Dog  Rosa. 

UauHlaalpa.    BiDUhBng,  Bot.t-nsi. ;  I>o«'iUlll.*.p.Ma. 
^ynonvjHt.    R,caiaxvtttttam  4t*-Ba:  Sate  TM.  \.f.t.;  R.culi 

Emtmiiv.    Ent,  Bol.,  1. 1367. 1  ud  our  jl(.  OU 
Spec.  Char.,  4'c.      Prickles   booked,   uniform.      Leaflets 
elliptical,  somewhat  doubly  serrated,  glaucous,  hairy  b^ 
neath,  without  glands.     Sepals  diatautly   pinnate,  de- 
ciduous. Flower  stalkc  imootb,  solitary.  Fruit  elliptical, 
'       ( Dim' t  Mill.)     A  rambling  shrub.     Scotland, 
lignland      "         '  ~       ...... . 


in  the  Highland  vidleys,  but  rare  j  at  Taymilt,  in  Mid- 
Lorn,  Argyleshire  ;  and  in  Strath  Tay,  l)etween  Dun- 
keld  and  Aberfeldie,  and  by  the  side  of  Loch  Tay,  Height 


B.  Specie!  Naiieet  of  Middlt  Europe. 
a  47.  R.  rubrifo'lia   VUl.     The  red-leaved  Dog  Rose. 

[i?t.'li  A  niblcilndi  SsD.  jU,  fai  Aarm. 
Jwi.  Fnsm.,  jo.  L  IM. ;  Ked.  R«,  I 


XXVI.  rosa'ces,:   SoV 


»4I 


e  ard  July.     Fruit  icar- 


^M.  dor.,  ^e.  Pricklea  Bmall,  distnnt.  Leaflets  ovate,  and,  mi  well  as 
the  btanchea,  glabrous,  opaque,  discoloured.  Sepnis  narrow,  entire.  Fruit 
DTBie,  globose,  smooth.  Flowers  corymbose.  Peduncles  emooth.  (i>i>R'( 
ifiU.)  A  larae  shrub.  Daupbine.  Austria,  i^voy,  Pyrenees,  aod  Aiivergne, 
in  woods.  Beigfat  o  ft  to  6  ii.  Flowers  red  :  June  or  '  '  '  "  ' 
let ;  ripe  in  September. 
StiDU  red.      LeaTes  red  at  the  edges.     Flowers 

BmalL      S^ais   narrow,  longer  than  tlie  peub. 

•famb,   produdng  a  nieasing  effect  in  a  shrubbery, 

from  the  pinkness   ol   it*  foliage.      At   the   Tunertd    ( 

dT  Villari,  who  first  Danied   and  described   this 

branches   and  flowers   of   it  were  cut   i 

Ota  his  grave.     There  ate  several  varieties  described 

in  our  fiwt  edition. 

C.  Spceict  Xativei  uf  Aiia. 
ft  48.  R.  cauca'bea  Pall.     The  CaucaBian  Do^  Uuae. 


SjKc.  Cior.,  iff.  Prickles  strong,  recurved.  Leaflets  soft,  ovate,  glaucoiiii. 
Calyx  and  peduncles  hispid.  Sepals  simple.  Frnit  smooth-  Ftovreni  large, 
growing  in  bunches.  (ZJon'i  Mi/i.)  A  robust  shrub.  Siberia.  Height 
IOft.to  Igft.     Introduced  in   1798.     Flowers  white  or  pale  red;  June 


1  CAhta,  Rose. 

...jii  ctmu  Kant-  Rm.  t.  19.  t 
™  .uimiiiltlnUcl  KtJ.  Koi.  p.  n  i 
;  Baaln-  lnSen,  Hote  Ttit,  tr. ; 

Spec.  Char.,  3[c.  Stem  upright,  whitish,  or  green,  or  purple.  Prickles 
Hout.  rulcace.  distaot.  Leaflets  3 — 5;  ovate-acuminate,  coriaceous,  shining, 
gliibrous,  serrulate  j  the  surfaces  of  different  colours.  Stipules  very  nar- 
row,connatewiththepetiole,alinoBt  entire  or  serrate.  Flowers  solitary,  "' 
in  panicles.  Stamens  bent  inwards.  Peduncle  sub-articulate, 
upwards,  and  with  the  calyi  smooth,  or  orinkled 


itlv  tbiciiened 

.  bristly.  0ec.  Prod.) 

feub-evergrcen.    China, nair  Canton.   Height  Ift.  to  20ft.  Introd.m  1789 


842  ARBORETUM   ET    FRPTICETOM  BRITANMCU 

Flowen  red,  uiuully  iemidoublei   April  to  November.     Frui 

in  September. 

One  of  the  most  valuable  of  garden  rosea. 


hybrids  i 
The  rollowine  are  quite  distinct ;  and  may  each  be  c 
•  Ions  list  ot  subvarieties :  — 

•  R.i.2  y^ouelCikna  5rr.  in  Dec.  Frod.  ii.  p.  600.,  Don't  Am.  M  p.  6 

fig.  60fl.  above.  —  Stem  firm,  and,  as  well  as  the  branches,  pric 
Stipules  nearly  entire.      Flowen   pnnicled.  very  numeroiu,  s 
double,  pale  red.  Styles  ei!ierted.  Raised  in  North  America,  tron 
accidental  cross  between  R.  indica  and  R.  moschuta,  and  the  pi: 
being  sold  to  Philip  Koisette,  his  name  was  given  to  this  van 
It  was  first  brought  to  England  by  Mr.  Fra-ier.     This  well-kn< 
and  very  beautiful  rose  is  almost  invaluable  in  a  fhrubbery,  fron 
tree  and  vigorous  growth,  and  the  profusion  of  its  flowers,  which 
continually  being  produced  during  the  whole  sumnier.     Vumei 
subvarieties  have  been  raised  of  the  Noisette   rose,  some  of 
most  distinct  of  which  are,  the  R.  i,  ^.  pdniuria  of  Redout^,  wl 
hwi  red  flnwers  i  R  i.  N.  nivea,  the   Aim*  ViLert  of  the  Frt 
nurseries,  which  has  double  white  flowen  ;  R.  r. 
N.  Smfthii,  Smith's  yellow   Noisette  rose,  the 
flowers  of  which  are  very  double,  of  a  deeper 
yellow  than  the  double  yellow  China  rose  (R,  i. 
ochroleiLca),  and  disposed  in  ciuscereil  corymbs 
of  from  10  to  S8,  and  are  highly  fragrant. 

•  R.  1.  3  odnratitama  Lindl.  Rob.   p.  106.,  Bot.  Re)>.  I 

t.  864.,  Don's  Mill.  ii.  p.  683. ;  R.  odoruilssiiiiu  1 

5101.  Hart.  Sub.  Land,  i  R.  fndica  frsgrans  Rr<l.   , 

Rot.    i.   p.  6.  t.  19.  ;   and   our  fg,  610.  ;    the 

sweetest,  or  tea-scented,  China  Rose  ;   Ros>:  a 

Odeur  de  Th£,  Fr. ;   has    lemidouble  flowers, 

of  a  most  delicious  fragmnce,  strongly  resembling 

the  scent  of  the  lincst  green   tea.    There  are      tij.  -  ;  .r  i,n,\ 

•  R.  i.  4  Umgifolia  Lindl.  Ros.  p.  106.  ;  R.  lo 
ma  WUld.  Enum.  ii.  1079.,  Red  ««.  iL  I. ; 
R.  semperflorena  var.  7.  N.  Du  Ham.  vii.  p.  : 
R.  iDllcif61ia  Hort. ;  and  ourj^.  61 1. ;  has 
stems  nearly  unarmed,  and  long  lanceolate  I 
let*. 

•  R.  i.  5  pumita  Lindl.  Ros.  p.  106.  is  a  di 
variety,  with   purplish   flowers,    having   o' 


large  and  thin. 

■  R.  J.  7  pannota  Red.  'has  the  stems  and  bram 

prickly;  the  IcafleU  ovate,  and  red  beneath,  i 

the  stipules  so  flneiy  denticulated  as  to 

them  somewhat  of  a  fringed  or  ponnose  app 

ance.     Flowers  drooping  a  little,  purple  on 

outside,  and  with  the  inner  petals  rose-cniou 

•  R.  1.  B  cntinia  Red.,  and  Don'a  Mill.  iL  p.  5 

diflbring  from   the  above  principally  in  ha 

•II.  a. I. T<n(i«i..  thestemsand  brandiesalaiostunanncd.and 

stipules  almost  entire. 
R,  I,  gfVoKTiana  Hort.  Brit.  p.  21 1.,  and  DmU  MULiLf.SfS.~ 
hybrid,  with  double  pink  flowers. 


SXVI.    »OSA  C 


«  R.  (.  10  TUga  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg. 


ur_^.6l2.,hasdLiubIe,bliiBh  chang- 


ing lo  white,  sweet-scented  flovers.  I 
u  a  hybrid   between  R.  i.  oilorntiiiatnia 
■nd    R.   BTvensis,  brought    Trom   Italy.  . 
where  it  was  raised  by  Mr.  Clare.     It  ~ 
grows  freely,  making  thoot*   10  or   12  ; 
leet  long  in  a  sewon. 
I  R.  r.    II  ochroleuca   Bot.  Reg.   has   large 
crenm-coloured  flowers,  deepening  almost 
intojiellow  in  the  centre.     It  was  intro- 
duce by  Mr.Parka  in  1884,  and  appears 
to  have  been  since  lost. 

■  R,  i.   18 /owicrtu.  —  This,   Mr.  Gordon  "**^ 
assures  us,  is  the  true  te»4cented  yellow  China  Rose,  and  not  the 
preceiling  Tariety,  which  is  generally  considered  lis  such,  and  con- 
founded with  it. 

■  K.  i.  13  Blaini  D.  Don  in  Svil.  Brit, 
ft  Card.  t.  405.,  and  our  fie.  613. 
—Raised  in  IS30,  by  IMr.  Biair,  from 
seeds  of  the  yellow  Chinaroie,  which 
had  been  Tecundaled  by  the  pollen  of 
the  Tuscan  rose.  A  robust  plant, 
remarkable  for  the  size  of  its  leaves 
and  flowers.  Petals  purple,  but  vellow 
Ht  the  base,  especially  towards  the 
centre  of  the  flower.  Fragnuit,  and  a 
free  flowerer.  ^^ 

•  50.  S.  sehpkrplo'hkns  CxtI.    The  everflowering  China  Rose. 

Curt.  Bot.  Hi*.,  <- >M.  ;  Soltll  Eiot,  BM.,  1.  p.  91.;  Don'l  Mill.,  ).  p.  Ul 

.  dlTsdniim  rw.  Crii.  L  11. 1  «.  1ieiu«ltiu(i  Ptri.  But*,  a.  p.  SO  j  fl.  ImUca  JltiL 

U>.  Rm.  l  ta.i  N.  Du  Hun.,  ill.  I.  l«.i  ud 

k  or  >  diHibl*  FmKh  wMy. 

Spec,  Char.,  i^.     Branches  dark  green,  armed  with 

scattered,  compressed,   hooked  prickles,  and   a 

very  few  glands.     An    erectish    sub-evergreen 

shrub.     Leaflets  3 — 5,  ovate-lanceolate,  crenate- 

serrated,  shining  above,  but  glaucous  and  slightly 

seticerous  beneath.     Sepals  compound,  narrow. 

Fruit  spherical.    (O™'.  Miil,)     China.     Height 

8ft.  to   10  ft.      Introduced   in    1T89.      Flowers 

solitary,  single,   or   semidouble,    deep  crimson; 

April  to  November.    Fruit  red  ;  ripe  September. 

There  are  some  very  splendid  varieties  of  this 

species,  with  semidouble  crimson  flowers.     They 

are  all  free  growers,  and  abundant  flowerers ;  and 

few  plants  are  more  ornamental 

"'*  "■"'°'"*™^  against  the  walls  of  a  cottage. 

■  51.  il.  LiwkBiiCB^'ir^Swt.  Miu  Lawrence's  CAina  Rose. 

.    SnftHon.  SidHuO.i  Llndl.  Bn.,  p.  lid.  i  Dod'i  HUM 

..  .  .. R,  KBHTMniu  oiiDlmi  Simi  Ax.  Mai,  L  DGl.  i   A.  tudlc* 

nt.  a  Koniliitta  Jtnl.  Bm.  I.  p.  N.  i  A  liiiUea  L«vmK»iM  Btd.  Koi. 
lluM. 
l^rin*^'-    ■^Bai..L  p.U.;  udourj^.Clf. 
^>tr.  Oar.,  ^c.      Dwarf.      )>rickles   large,   stout,   nearly 
stiaigbL      Leaflets  ovate  acute,  finely  serrated.     Petals 

1.  (Jhn'i  Mill.)   A  low  shrub.   China.   Height   („,  ^uin-a^. 


344  arbohetuh  et  fruticetoh  britannicuh. 

1  (t.      Introducett    in    ISIO.      Flowers   snmll,  liiigle  or  senudouHe,  ] 

blu.sh  1  April  Co  November. 

The  beautiful  little  planta  called  Fair}!  Roiea,  or  Miniature  Boses,ia  Rive 
Ahrviged  Lai,  are  nearly  all  varieties  of  R.  I^wrencednii  -.  and  they  are  < 
worth}' of  culture,  from  their  extreme  dwarfneaa  (often  flowering  when  not  n 
than  6in.  high),  and  the  beautiful  colour  of  their 
mininlure  rt^ebuds,  the  petdla  of  which  appear  of  a 
much  darker  hue  than  those  of  the  expanded 
flow^.     Rivers  enumerates  five  select  Tsrieties,  of 
which  he  says  the  Oloire  des  Lawrencianas  is  one  of 
the  prettiest. 

J  53.  R.  sBRi'cRA  Lmdl.    The  'ilky  Rose. 
IdntMcaUim.     Ltiidl.  BiK.  HoDDg.,  p.  lU, ;   Qsn'i  liai..  t. 


Spec.  Char.,  i)-r.  Prickles  slipular,  comprenaeil. 
LeafletaT — IT,  oblong,  obtuse,  serrated  at  the 
apex,  silky  beneath.  Flowers  solitary,  bractlesx. 
Sepals  entire,  ending  in  long  points.  {Don't  Mill.) 
A  shrub.  Ooaflointhan.  Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft. 
Flowers  ?  pale  red.    Fruit  in  peduncles,  naked.  - 

j  ix.  Syityhe  Lindl. 

Derivalie*.    From  im,  tocher,  uhI  ifkCu.  ■  idle ;  In  roferucc  b>  the  tt jl«  bplng  ronTHCVd. 

Sect.  Char.  Stylet  cohering  together  into  an  elongated  column.  Stipu 
adnate.  The  habit  of  this  section  ie  nearly  the  same  as  tliat  of  the  I 
division.  The  leaves  are  frequently  permanent.  (Don'i  Mill.}  Deddua 
evercreen,  or  sub-evergreen,  and  mostly  climbing.  Natives  of  Briu 
Middle  Europe,  Asia,  Africa,  and  North  America. 

A.  Speda  yaiivci  ••/  Britain,  and  other  Partt  of  Europe. 

1  J,  53.  R.  sr'sTVLA  Bat.     The  connate-styled  Rose. 
UmUlkalim.    Bmt  Fl.  HaJn.  m  l4tr.  Sujnl..  SI. ;  Don'i  Mill .  t.  p 
Spmmmhu      R.  COIUni  SMU  In  Enf.    Bat.   I.  I4SI5.  ;    R.  UflAH 

X.  CrarUQU  Ore  Ft.  Ft.  SiapL  p.  M7.  i  R.  MbractnlU  Da.  I, 

e.  1  R,  if  ilili  ■  o'lu  F.fnfJ  Rat.  p.l]I. 
iKlfwAvi.    EDI.  Bii(.,l.  1SM.I  iiIidourJtt'6IT' 

^vc.  Char.,  ^c.    Shoots  assui^Cnt.    Prickles  strong, 

hooked.      Peduncles  glandular.      Sepals  pinnate, 

deciduous,      Styles   smooth.      Floral    receptacle 

conical.  {Don't  MUi.)    A  rambling  abrub,    France 

and  England,  in  hedges  and  thickets  ;  common  in 

Sussex ;  in  the  South  of  Scotland,  on  hills.  Height 

Gft.  to   ISA.      Flowers    fragrant,  pink  or  almost 

white;  May  to  July.    Fruit  scarlet,  ovate  oblong. 

There  are  several  varieties,  but  they  do  not  differ 
DintOTally  in  appearance  from  the  species. 

lA  5*.  R.ASXE'ssts  Hudt.    The  Field  Rose. 

%iiiiMiniri.  R.  ij\wlatilM  Htiii.  Dia.  p.  10.';  H.  tctairiu  fine*  tfilu.  Fl.  p.  IIS.:  R.  k> 
(Wmi  £*r*.  Rtitr.  9,  p.  68. ;  A,  iUllrri  Krok.  Sl\n.  1  p.  1M.  ;  R,  Uici  HfJnc*  Mrli.  p  I 
R.  t*rpen«  r»r*.  >rftor.  p.ss, ;  R,  lemprrilnmi  Ramr.  Rm. ;  R.  Tiaeat  OihI,  Ft.  JM.  A 
p.  41S..  Jaca-Frnrix.  p.  A.  L  IM.  ;  R,  rtnpm  Raul  WMi.  Lata.  I.  p.  89.  L  t. 

F.ittriirtwfl.    ^Bf.  Bot..  t,  l«». ;  But.  His..  1.  lOM.  ;  (nd  ourj^.  CIS, 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Shoots  conl-likc.  Prickles  unequal  and  felcata  Leaves 
ciduous,  and  composed  of  5 — Tglabrous,  or  indistinctly  ciliated,  leaflet*,  g 
ccscent  beneath.    Stipules  diver^ng  at  the  tip.    Flowers  solitary  or  glob 


XXVI.  rosa'^cejb.:  ao'sa.  346 

8ep«!«  ftlmost  entire,  short.  Styles  cohering  into  an 
dongated  glabrous  col umD,  Fruit  ovate,  or  OTBte-globose, 
coriaceoua,  crimson,  glabrous,  or  a  little  hispid,  ax  well  aa 
the pedunclea,  (Dcc.Prod.)  Trailing.orclimbine.decidu- 
oiie;  in  some  situations  aub-evergreen.  Eun^,  in  many 
places;  in  England,  in  hedges  and  thirJ(et«  and  tbe 
borders  of  fields,  chiefly  in  the  midland  counties.  Stems 
soft,  to  40  ft.  Flowers  white ;  July.  Fruit  dark  blood- 
coloured;  ripe  in  September. 

VarieHn,     Several  varieties  are  enumerated  in  catalogues  ; 
the  following  appear  distinct,  and  of  general  interest:  — 

I  Ji  l_  %,  A.  a.  2  mrahirea  Ser.  R.  capreol&ta  ,„  „  .„j,^ 
h'eill  in  Erfm.  PhU.  J<mm.  No,  3.  p.  108.— 
Suti-evergrcen.  Prickles  slender,  very  acute.  Leaflets  ovate, 
sharply  serrated,  Ihin,  nearly  of  the  same  colour  on  both  surfaces. 
Peduncles  hispid  with  ^landed  hairs,  or  wrinkled.  A  vigorous- 
growing  climber,  producing  shoots  sometimes  20  ft.  in  length  in 
one  season,  and  flowering  profusely  from  the  middle  of  May  to  the 
middle  of  September.  Une  of  the  hardiest  of  climbing  roses,  and 
pnrticularlj  useful  for  covering  naked  walls,  or  unsightly  roofs.  Cul- 
tivated in  British  gardens  under  the  name  of  the  Ayrshire  Rose. 
J  .*  R.a,  3  hyhrida  Lindl.  Kos.  113.  has  semidouble  flowers,  of  a  most 
delicate  fteib  colour,  end  is  called,  in  (he  nurseries,  the  double  hip 
rose  ;  the  term  hip  rose  being  applied  by  gardeners  to  the  com- 

Id  open  situations,  a  cmiling  plant,  sometimes  rooting  at  the  joints;  but, 
in  hedges  and  among  bushes,  a  climber  by  elongation  ;  reaching  to  thdr  tops, 
■nd  covenng  them  with  tntU  of  foliage  and  flowers ;  the  leaves  remainineon 
lale  tn  the  season  ;  and  the  fruit  often  remaining  on  all  the  winter.  The 
ihoots  are,  in  general,  feeble,  much  divided,  and  entangled ;  and  they  gene- 
rally produce,  here  and  there,  rugged  excrescences,  which  readily  take  root. 

fi.  Species  Nalieet  cf  Middle  Europe. 
i.  t,  55.  n.  (*.)  seiiPEnvi'RBNS  Lin.     The  e*crgreen  (Field)  Rose. 
Rp..  7M,i  Dec  Prad.,  1  p.  M7. :  Don^i  Mm..  1.  p.us. 
Ddent  MIIL  Diet.  No.  t. ;  B.  tuletrta  Dal.  Col.  ''"■•■  ^'x*.  >-  P-  <»- '  "- 
'.   hoi.  4.  t.  4.  ;  A  fanperTlrflu  floliAaa  Kt4.  Rot    a.,  wllh  m  Og.  :    H-  fcompar- 


Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Evergreen.  Shoots  climbing. 
Prickles  pretty  equal,  falcate.  Leaves  of  £ — 7 
leaflets,  that  are  green  on  both  sides,  coriaceous.  ^ 
Flowers  ahnost  solitary,  or  in  corymbs.  Sepals 
nearly  entire,  longish.  Styles  cohering  into 
an  elongate  pilose  column.  Fruit  ovate  or  ovate 

Eloliose,  orange-co loured.  Peduncles  mostly 
lipid  with  landed  hairs.  Closely  allied  to 
R,  arvenais,  but  difiering  in  itB  being  evergreen, 
in  its  leaves  being  coriaceous;  and  in  its  stipules 
being  subfalcatc,  and  more  acute  at  the  tip. 
(lite,  Frod.)  A  vigorous  evergreen  climber. 
France,  Portugal,  Italy,  at  Pieetum  and  other 
places,  Greece,  and  the  Balearic  Islands.  Stem 
soft,  to  40ft.     Introduced  in  1629.     Flowers  i,t.  ».^m,.-...„^ 

white  or  pale  rose-coloured  ;  June  to  AugusL 
Fruit  onu^e-coloured ;  ripe  in  September. 
rarietiet.     Several  varieties  we  enumerated  in  catalogues  j  those  which  we 
comider  best  worth  n>entioning  are, — 


AllBORSTUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

1  ^  R.  («.)  :  8  HaHc/fiann,  rained  from  seed  by  Mr,  Sinclair  of  the  Ne* 
(JrosB  Nursery.  A  very  strong-growing  variety,  quite  deciduous,  nnth 
blush  Sowers. 

1  J  R.  (a.)  i.  3  Ctdrci.     The  Ro,e  Oart.  (Bot.  Heg.,  t.  1+38.)— Aoele- 
gant  variety,  witii  deep  red  flowers.     Both  these  vj 
much  entitled  to  be  coniiidered  Epecics,  as  many  to 

eed  for  the  same  purposes  as  the  Ayrshire  rose ;  from  which  It  dJSersinre- 
ng  its  leaves  the  greater  part  of  the  winter,  and  in  its  less  vigorous  shoots. 

C.  ^cin  Nativet  of  Alia,  and  Oik  of  Ihcm  of  Africa. 
X  56.  R.  MULTIFLO'B*  TkurA.     The  many-flowered  Rose. 
IflcaNn.    Thunb.  Fl.  Ju..  lit.  i  Dae.  Pnd..  1.  p.  Me.  i  Doa'i  MJIl,  *  p.  on. 
i^nM.      A.UTiComTiarl.CnU.  «l.4.  iLlil.i  A.««rldi  Poir.  9i>H>J.;    A  dlOOu  Riul. 

'.  Char.,  ^c.  Branches,  peduncles,  and  calyxes 
meotose.  Shoots  very  long.  Prickles  slender, 
attered.  Leaflets  5 — 7,  ovate-lanceolate,  soft, 
lely  .wrinkled.  Stipules  pectinate.  Flowers  in 
irymbs,  and,  in  many  instances,  very  numerous. 
uds  ovate  globose.  Sepals  short.  Styles 
'otruded,  incompletely  grown  together  into  a 
ng  hairy  column.  (lire.  Prod.)  A  deciduous 
imbine  bhnib.  Japan  and  China.  Stems  10  ft. 
.  30  it.  Introduced  in  18S2.  Produces  a 
'ofuaion  of  clustered  heads  of  single,  semi- 
>ub1e,  or  double,  white,  pale  red.  or  red,  flowers 
June  and  July.  Fruit  bright  red ;  ripe  in 
epiember. 

J   it.   m.   2  GnviM  Hort.     R.   Roihurghii 

Hort. ;  R.  platyphylla  Red.  Rot.  p.  69.  ;  „^  ,  .ioi.kim. 

The  Seven  Sisters  Hose.  (Our^.  621.) 

—A  beautUiil  variety,  with  much  larger  and  more  double  Howen 


of  a  purplish  colour.      No  climbing  rose  better  dea 


xxn.  bosa'ce*:  ROSA.  347 

■gainst  a  wall.    It  it  euilv  known  rrom  R.  multifldre  by  ihe  fringed 
edge  of  the  atipules ;  wbile  those  of  the  common  R.  multifltkra  {Jig. 
621.  a)  have  much  lets  (nnge,  and  the  leaves  are  tmaller.  with  the 
leafleta  much  less  nigo«&     The  form  of  the  blosiomE  and  corymbs  is 
pretty  nearly  the  same  in  both.     A  rapid-growing  variety,  producing 
shoots  IH  ft.  to  soft,  lone  in  a  season,  flowering  profusely  for  two  or 
three  months,  but  only  of  three  or  four  years  duration. 
I  R.   m.  3  Bowiauia  Mori.,  BouriauWt  Rom,  is  placed,  in  Don's  Mi/ltr, 
under  this  species  ;  though  it  dillen  more  &om  the  preceding  variety 
than   many  species  do  from  each  other.     It  is  comparatively  a  hard' 
wooded  durable  rose,  and  valuable  for  flowering  early  and  freely 
This  is  a  very  remarlcable  rose,  from  its  petals  having  a  reticulated 
appearance. 
The  species  is  very  distinct,  and  produces  numerous  blossoms,  which  con- 
tinue Expanding  for  two  months.     The  first  variety,  when  well  grown  against  a 
wall,  forms  one  of  the  most  beautiful  of  wall  roses.     This  vsHety  and  the 
spede*  may  be  considered  as  rather  tender,  but  they  will  not  ihnve  under 
pass. 

■i  ^  5T,  R.  Brvno'n^I  Lindl.     Brown's  Rose. 


S.'^mtmi.    IS.  BrAwnffSpnog.  SyiL.l.p.  u«. 
E^ra9imf[t.    UniU.  RDUr.  MoDOf..  t.  14. ;  ud  ourjif.  Sn, 

Him.  Char.,  ^c.  Shoots  trailing.  Prickles  of  the  stem 
stout  and  arched.  Leaflets  5 — T,  lanceolate,  piloM 
on  both  suHaces;  the  under  one  glandulous,  and 
of  a  different  colour  from  the  upper  otie.  Stipules 
narrow,  acute.  Inflorescence  coirmbose.  Pedun- 
cles and  calyxes  pilose,  and  a  little  hispid.  Sepals 
entire,  narrow,  and  longish,  Stj^les  conering  into  a 
very  long  pilose  column.  Fruit  ovate.  Leaves 
litaply  serrated.  Flowers  in  terminal  bunches. 
{Dte,  Prod.)  A  rumbling  shrub.  NepaL  Stems 
lOfLtolSlt.  Introduced  in  1622.  Flowers  white 
or  pale  red ;  June  and  July.  ***'  *" 

1  Jt  5S.  R.  uoscHA^*  Mm,     The  Musk  Rose. 

AmMjIeatta.    UUl.  Diet.,  Na  IS. :  RhL  M  Tbor,  Roa..  I.  p.  It.  Ic..  ud  p.  W.  Ic. 

Mcnof .  p.  111.  ;  Dr.    Prnd..  1.  p.  MS.  j  Don-i  MUl.,  1.  JL  Hi 
^memimta.    ff.  DpioiI^niinM  £4r*.  Alfr.  3.  p.  73- ;  S-  sLuidulll^m  Bart, 
Si^tartMti.    RidrtTlwr.  H«.,l.  P.SI.  Ic.udp.Se.lc.i 

ud  gar  A.  in. 

Spec.  Oiar.,  jr.  Shoots  ascending.  Prickles 
upon  the  stem  slender,  recurved.  Leafleta 
5—7,  lanceolate,  acuminate,  nearly  glabrous, 
the  two  surfaces  of  different  colours.  Stipules 
very  narrow,  acute.  Flowers,  in  many  in- 
stances, very  numerous;  white,  with  the  claws 
of  the  petals  yellow ;  very  fracrant.  Lateral 
peduoclea  jointed,  and,  as  wdl  as  the  QtAyi,  : 
pilose,  and  almost  hispid.  Sepals  almostpin-  I 
natelf  cut,  long.  Fruit  red,  ?  ovate.  {liec,) 
A  rambling  shrub.  North  of  Africa,  extend- 
ing across  the  continent  from  Egypt  to  Mo- 
cador ;  and  in  Madeira.  Stems  10  ft.  to  IS  ft. 
Introduced  in  1596.     Flowers  white  ;  July  to  in.  r.  mi. 

October. 


F.T    FRUTICETUM    BRITAffNICUM, 


•c.  Prod.  —  LeafleW 
late,  ■ubacuminate, 
diipoied  in  aa  im- 

yi  a  little  hispid. 
pale  rose-coloured, 
.  Hiis  is  a  very 
:  the  petals  are 
most    delicate,  jet 

t  Lindl.  (Bot.  R^., 
ir  j^.  625.)  differs 
s  in  having  longer 
sepals.  Raised  at 
Nepalseed.in  IS2*  "'■  "  """"■ 

OlJier  Varietiri.     In  Rivers'6    Abridged  Utl  cj 
Raiei,  published  in  IB40,  the  kinds  recommended 
are,  the  Fringed,  Princessc  de  Nassau,  and  Te*- 
scenicd  ;  the  latter  a  hybrid,  with  targe  flowers  ot 
a  pure  white,  with  a  peculiar  habit  and  pcTTume, 
The  branches  of  the  niuak  rose  are  eenerally 
too   weak   to   support,   without  props,   its    birje 
bundles   of  flowers,  which   are   produeed   in   an 
umbel-like  manner  at  their  eTtremities ;  and  hence 
the    plants   req^nire   very   little    pruning.      Being 
mthcr  tendra*,  it  does  hest  against  a  wall.     The 
musky  odour   ii  very  perceptible,  even   at   some 
di'^taace  from  the  piont,  particularly  in   the  eve- 
ning ;  and  this  musk  gives  the  peculiar  odour  to  the 
Persian  attar  of  roses, 
'peae*  Natisf*  ofKorik  America, 
o'li*  S.  Br.     The  Bntmhlc-leaved  Rose. 
Hon.  K«r,  Dd.  a  TOL  3.  p.  2Gn.  i  Undl.  Jtnnr.  Nddok.,  |i  It],  tt ; 
e,l.lS.iUld«tJV.6K. 

ascendinff.  Branches 
tered,  locate.  Leaves 
aflets  3,  ovate-lanceo- 
arrow,  entire.  Flowers 
otour,  mostly  solitary. 
rte,  short,  simple.  Pe- 
little  hispid.  Styles 
se  club-sh^>ed  column, 
s.  Fruit  pea-shaped. 
rlh  America.  Hd^t 
ed  in  1830.  Flowers 
ptember.  Fruit  scarlet  j 


K.   Baaks'iknte  UxdL 


nearly  free,  subulate,  or  very  narrow,  usually  de«i 
temate,  shining.     Stems  cltnibiog.     The  species  o 


XXVI.    ROSA^CE£ :    BO  SA. 


ihn  lectMHi  are  remulable  for  their  long,  grMefuI,  and  often  climbing  shooU, 
drooping  iowers,  and  triMiolate  shining  leaves.  They  are  particularl;  dis- 
lin^uuhed  by  th^r  deciduous,  subulate,  or  very  narrow  ttipulei.  Their 
ftuit  is  TCTf  vsrisble.  (Don'j  Mill.)  —  Romblii^  ihrubs,  deciduoui,  or  lub 
eiergreen;  somewhat  tender  in  Britiah  gardens,  wbere  they  only  succeed 
vheu  planted  against  a  wall.     Natires  of  China. 


^xt.  Char.,  j-c.  Stipulci  setaceous,  deciduous.  Cauline  prickles  equal,  falcate. 
Petioles  and  rib*  oF  leaves  prickly.  Peduncles  and  fruit  beset  with  straight 
bristle*.  Stents  entire,  pennanent.  Flowers  white,  solitarj.  Fruit  elliptic, 
orange-4«d.  Disk  conical.  {Don't  Mill.)  A  rambling  sub-evcrgrecn  shrub. 
Chma.  Hdght  6(t.  to  8  ft.  Introduced  in 
1739.  Flowers  white;  May  and  June.  Fruit 
orange  red ;  ripe  in  September. 


Efrwtmgt.    Bat.   Mu 

Spee.Cliar.,S(e,  Without  prickles, glabrous, smooth. 
Leadets  3—5,  lanceolate,  sparingly  serrated,  »p- 
proximate.  Stipules  bri3tle'Uke,BcarcelvattBched 
tothBpetiale,nitherglosBy,deciduoug.  Flowersin 
tuobel-like  corymbs, numerous,  very  double,  sweet- 
scented,  nodthng.  Tube  of  the  calyx  a  little 
dilated  at  the  tip.  Fruit  globose,  black.  (Dec. 
PmL)  A  climbing  deciduous  shrub.  China. 
Stems  10  ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  b  1B07. 
Flower*  white  :  June  and  July.     Fruit  Hack,  •«>■  «-  a*^*^ 

1  R.  £.  2  liUea  IJndl.  (Bot.  R».,  t.  1105., 
and  our  Jig.  630.)  has  the  dowers  of  a 
pale  buff  colour,  and  is  a  very  beautiful 
variety. 
This  is  an   exceedingly  beautifiil   and   very  re- 
markable kind  of  rose  ;   the  flowers  being  small, 
round,  and  very  double,  on   long  peduncles,  and 
resembling  in  form  the  dowers  of  the  double  French 
cherry,  or  that  of  a  small  ranunculus,  more  than 
those  of  the  generality  of  roses.     The  flowers  of 
R.  BanksiiT  &lba  are  remarkably  fragrant ;  the  scent 
strongly  resembling  that  of  violets.  Plants  of  neither 
(3a  ■-  BtauiuiH.        variety  thrive  in  ',£e  atmoqibere  of  the  metropolis. 


rUN    ET    FItUTtCETUH    BRITANNICUM. 
il  View,  and  other  places  in 


were  killed  by  the  n 


A  LML     The  small-rruiled  Rose. 
1.;  Dm.  Prod.  I.  p.  Sot. 


kles  scattered,  recurved.  Leaf- 
ite,  shining,  the  two  surfaces 
Petiolea  pilose.  Stipules 
ftUshaped,  scarcel;  attacheil  to 
OUR.  Flowers  disposed  in  di- 
s.  Peduncles  and  cidyx:^  gla- 
'cely  protruded  higher  than  the 
ag  of.the  flower.  Fruit  plohose, 
shining.  Allied  to  S.  MnkHir. 
rambling  sub-evergreen  shrub. 
ace  of  Canton.  Height  6  Tt.  tS 
.    Floirers  white,  numerous,  sm 

!.  av'STMi  Litidl.     The  Porcupine  Rose. 

Honof..  p.  19. ;  D«i-i  Hill.  1  p.  m. 

[ono|.,1.1}.;  and ouTjIf. 639. 

'rickles   on    branches    unequal, 

eB  falcate,  small  ones  straight. 

V,  united  halfway,  the  free  part 

.  three,  smooth,  ovate,  shining, 

:h  a  few  prickles  on  the  middle 

Lrly  entire  i  permanent.    Fruit 

iii.)      A  rambling  shrub,  with 

s.    China  and  Japan.     Flowers 

lit  obloDg  purple. 

'arietitt  of  Koia.  —  In  the  cota- 
iges,  147  species  are  roistered,  "•■   ■■ii>«m- 

one  or  two  exceptions,  there  are  liring  plants.  Th 
he  some  collection  amount  to  about  1600.  There  i 
le  garden  varieties,  new  ones  being  every  year  miio 
irieties  every  year  disappearing,  hew  species  are  alsi 
ed,  and  several  have  been  lately  raised  in  the  Hort 
limalavan  seeds.  For  sjiecies  we  recommend  the  cul 
■se  to  the  collection  of  Messrs.  Loddigcs,  and  for  gordei 
bshionable  Dureerymenof  the  time.  In  Hivers's  Abridgt^ 
le  recommends,  as  a  selection  for  small  gardens  :  —  Pro 
roses,  8 ;  hybrid  Provence  roses,  T  i  hybrid  China  rosea 
S(  Aosa  ilba,  S  ;  damask  roses,  6i  Scotch  roses,  6 
itrian  briars,  2  j  Ayrshire  rosea,  6  i  Aosa  multifldra,  3 
loursault  roses,  4  ;  fianksian  roses,  fi  ;  hybriil  cUoibin 
ises,  IS;  Bourbon  roses.  7;  China  roses,  15  ;  tea-scentei 
roses,  5;  Noisette  roses,  IS;  musk  roses,  3;  Macartnc; 
[ihylla,  3.     In  all,  185  sorts  ;  which  would  form  ft  ver; 

Sh/  and  Situation  adapted  Jot  Roict. 
roses  will  grow  in  very  poor  soil,  provided  it  be  dry 
sorts  require  a  soil  naturally  tight  and  free,  and  more  u 
ituatiun  should  be  open  and  airy,  exposed  to  the  easi 
I,  to  the  north,  rather  than  to  the  south ;  because  tli 
rays  accelerates  too  rapidly  the  expansion  of  the  flower 
be  colour  and  fragrance  of  the  petals.     A  ruse-giirJci 


XXVI.   120SA*CF.JE:    Bo'SA*  3^1 

fully  exposed  to  the  sun  during  the  whole  day,  may  have  a  useful  degree  of 
shade  given  to  it  by  the  distribution  of  a  few  standard  roses  of  not  less  than 
8  or  10  feet  in  height ;  or  by  the  introduction  of  frames  of  wood  or  wire,  in 
the  forms  of  obelisks,  gnomons,  crosses,  columns  surmounted  by  globes,  or 
cones,  on  which  climbing  roses  may  be  trained.  These  would  produce  no 
bad  effect  by  their  drip,  and  yet  by  their  shadow,  which  would  vary  with  the 
position  of  the  sun,  they  would  afford  a  salutary  protection  to  the  dwarf 
roses  by  which  they  were  surrounded ;  and  thus  produce,  in  some  degree,  the  ' 
same  object  as  a  cool  situation  and  exposure.  The  rose  is  one  of  those  plants 
that  will  not  thrive  in  the  neighbourhood  of  towns  where  the  prevailing  fuel 
is  pit-coal ;  hence  the  roses  ^own  within  a  circle  of  ten  ooiles  of  the  metro- 
polis are  much  inferior  in  beauty  to  those  grown  at  double  that  distance. 

In  country  residences,  roses  are  generally  distributed  in  the  maigins  of 
ahnibberies  along  with  other  flowenng  shrubs :  but,  considering  the  culture 
they  reauire,  it  is  impossible  they  can  thrive  in  such  a  situation ;  and,  even  if 
they  diet  thrive,  the  Kind  of  beauty  which  they  would  produce  would  be  of  a 
character  so  different  from  that  of  a  general  shrubbery,  as  to  require  their 
exclusion  from  it.  The  only  roses  fit  to  be  planted  in  a  shrubbery  are  the 
single  kinds,  in  their  wild  state.  Roses,  and  all  other  kinds  of  shrubs  or 
trees,  that  are  fiur  removed  from  a  state  of  nature,  and  valued  for  something 
poduced  by  art,  either  in  their  flowers,  fiuit,  habit,  or  leaves,  should  be  grown 
m  situations  where  the  art  which  produced  the  artificial  effect  can  1^  em- 
ployed. Hence  all  fixut-bearing  trees  and  shrubs  should  be  grown  in  orchards, 
m  kitchen-gardens,  or  in  some  place  by  themselves,  so  as  to  admit  of  pro- 
perly cultivating  the  soil,  and  managing  the  plants.  Roses,  and  all  double- 
flowering  shrubs,  ought,  in  like  manner,  to  be  grown  by  themselves ;  and  the 
same  prmciple  will  apply  to  shrubs  having  any  peculiarity  in  their  foliage,  and 
even  m  theur  mode  of  growth.  The  continuation  of  the  peculiarity  may  not 
alwa^  require  a  rich  soil ;  on  the  contrary,  it  will  generally  be  found  to  have 
been  produced  by  a  soil  and  situation  of  a  peculiar  nature :  but  that  peculi- 
arity of  soil  it  is  as  much  the  object  of  art  to  imitate,  as  it  is  to  form  the  rich 
soil,  and  favourable  situation,  which  produce  large  or  double  flowers,  or  large 
and  succulent  fruit,  or  variegated  leaves.  Hence,  to  cultivate  roses  properly, 
they  must  be  grown  either  in  groups  by  themselves  on  a  lawn,  or  in  a  flower- 
garden  ;  or  be  connected  into  a  system  of  groups  or  beds,  in  a  rosarium^  or 
rose-garden.  On  this  subject,  and  on  the  pruning,  and  general  treatment  of 
roses,  we  must  refer  to  the  first  edition  of  tnis  work,  where  it  will  be  found 
given  at  great  length,  illustrated  with  numerous  diagrams,  having  reference  to 
propagation,  training,  pruning,  the  formation  of  rosariums,  for  which  several 
plans  are  given,  and  the  destruction  of  insects. 

Sogarium,  or  Rosetum. — Where  it  is  intended  to  plant  a  collection  of  roses, 
the  best  effect  will  be  produced  by  devoting  a  group  to  each  section  ;  such  as 
one  to  moss  roses,  another  to  Noisettes,  a  third  to  Scotch  roses,  &c.  These 
groups  ought  generally  to  be  planted  with  dwarfs  rather  than  standards ;  be- 
cause the  former  are  more  conveniently  looked  upon  by  the  spectator :  but  a 
handsome  standard  may,  frequently,  occupy  the  centre  of  each  gronp,  if  it  is 
a  circle  or  a  square;  and  two  or  three  in  <a  line,  or  radiating  from  a  point,  if 
it  is  of  a  long  or  an  irregular  form.  Sometimes  a  group  may  be  surrounded 
by  a  row  of  standards,  which,  in  that  case,  should  have  clear  stems,  not  less 
than  7  ft.  high,  through  which  the  dwarf  roses  may  be  seen  by  persons  walking 
round  the  group.  Standard  roses,  in  general,  have  the  best  effect  when  formed 
mto  an  avenue  along  the  margin  of  a  walk;  and  for  this  purpose  they  are 
very  suitable  for  common  flower-gardens,  where  the  croups,  instead  of  being 
planted  with  dwarf  roses,  are  filled  with  herbaceous  ^ants.  The  sizes  of  the 
different  groups  in  a  rosarium  ought  to  be  proportioned  to  the  number  of  va- 
rieties beloninng  to  the  section  to  be  planted  in  each,  the  bulk  which  they 
attain,  and  their  habit  of  growth.  For  these  punnisesy  the  Abridged  List  of 
rti^sra.  Rivers  may  be  taken  as  a  basis ;  and,  as  it  contains  27  groups,  these 
may  oe  represented  by  27  beds  of  different  dimension-s. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BBITANNICUM. 


a 


LO'WEJ  Lindl.     The  Lowei.     Lin.  Sj/tt.  Icosdndria  PnlygjfnU, 

MnUtflcaUim.    Llndl.  Ba[.  Rei.,  I.  1961. 
ftnuiivnt.    StMlf-Pall.  miiittmlLla  Sm.  itomrg. 

arr^cdlgfl.  Id  cumpUmml  to  cfaa  Xni.  Mr.  Imk,  TurtUlng  Badidni  o(  tbe  UnlisnllT  <rf  Ct 
brlil(B.  iL^tHtg  la  Bel.  Rtf.  L  IKi.) 

Gen.  C^r.,  ^c.  Cafyx  with  the  tube  contr&cted  at  the  mouth.  Pelali 
Slani^tu  and  Carpclt  nunieroua  as  in  RdaA.  Leaf  simple,  ex8ti|iiibl 
Prieklei  often  compound.  (LiiuU.) 

Leavei  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  j  semled.     Ftoam  y 
low,  marked  with  purple.  —  An  undershnib.     Native  of  Perm. 


M  1.  I..  BERBEsnQ''\.iK  Lindl.     The  Berberr>-leaved  Lowea. 

ierherlBMA  PalL,  LfmO.  Si 


UntflcaHnm.    LLndlrf  In  GoL  I)h.,(.  1MI. 

Sfmaifma.     INtu  iLmplldtTilLi  Sai.  Han.  dtttri.  tS».    K. 


L,  Dk.  Pnd.  1  p.  M 

Sitpviinti,    BoL  Rof.,  E.  IKl.  i  Bsdontf  Ru..  I.  1. 1 1  ud  our/c.  £11. 

Spw.  Char.,  ijc.  Leaves  undivided,  without  stipules,  oboTate-cuoeiU 
serrated  at  the  tip.  Prickles  decurrent,  and  of  the  colour  of  ivory,  Sqw 
entire,  subspathulate.  Petals  yellow,  marked  with  purple  at  the  bsJ 
(Dec.  Frad.)     An  uodershrub.     Persia,  near  Amadan, ' 

'  where  it  abounds  in  aaltisii  soil;  and  also  in  fields  at 
the  boltoa  of  Mount  Elweod,  and  in  tlie  Desert  of  ■ 
Soongaria.  Hdghtgll.  Introd.in  1790.  Flowersyellow 
and  puiple  ;  June  and  July.  Somewhst  difficult  of  cul- 
ture, and  not  a  free  flowereri  but  it  is  readily  propagated  ' 
by  buddii«  on  the  dog  rose,  or  by  seeds,  which  it  pro- 
duces on  the  Continent  in  abundance  in  common  bo[I. 

yaiwlK:     Several  are  described  b  Dee.  Prod.,  and  some 
hybrids  have  recently  been  raised  between  this  species 


Sect  V.    Po'me*  LindL 


fflffl 


CRATS'GUS  Li»d>.    Thb  Thobn.     Lin.  Ss/il.  Icosindria  Di-Pentagjo 

iS;S^f''(w?!i.'°«'i'Mh'ii'*' '*■  t !?*■  ■  °r' ^■- '-f ■  *«■  i  t^'- *"- »■  P  w 

DerdoOm.    FKnn  trau,,  tutatlb  ,  In  referma  to  U>  hviluu  ind  lUncilli  of  inr^ood. 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  with  an  urceolate  tube,  and  a  5-c!eft  limb.  Petaii  orbu 
lar,  spreading.  Oranum  8— 5-celled.  Stylei  8— S.  gUbrous  Pome  flex) 
ovBie,  closed  ;  tbe  calydne  teeth,  or  the  thickened  disk,  containinc  a  bo 
putamen.  {Don'i  MUl.)  * 

Lnttiei  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  chieflv  deriduoua,  but  in  part  eveivre« 
angular  or  toothed.  Floweri  in  corymbs,  usually  white.  Bradeai  subuU 
decLduous.  Fiuit  red,  yellow,  or  blact.  Decaying  leaves  yellow,  or  redd 
yeUow,  ■' 


XXVI.  kosa'ce^  :  <7RAT^*aus. 


353 


Trees  or  shnibi,  amall,  deciduous,  tometimei  evergreen;  mottlv  natires  or 
Europe  and  North  America,  and  some  of  them  of  Asia  and  Itie  North  of 
Africa.  One  of  them,  the  common  hai¥ihorn,  is  well  known  throughout 
the  Middle  and  North  of  Europe,  aa  a  hedge  plant.  The  species  all  flower 
and  fmic  freely  ;  and  the  wood  of  all  of  them  ii  hard  and  aurahle,  and  the 

Cits  of  considerable  longevity-  Almost  all  the  flowers  are  white,  and  the 
t  i»  generally  red  ;  though  in  some  sorts  it  is  yellow,  purple,  black,  or 
gretD.  All  the  species  ripen  fruit  in  the  neighbourhood  of  I^ndon,  most 
of  them  abundantly;  bj  which,  or  by  graftinc  or  budding  on  the  common 
hawthorn,  they  are  generally  propagated.  When  the  species  which  have 
naturally  a  dwarf  habit  of  growth  are  intended  to  awume  the  choraclet'  of 
low  trees,  ther  are  grafted  standard  high  upon  C.  Oxyacintba,  C.  cocclnea, 
or  OD  some  other  of  the  strong-growing  kinds ;  in  consequence  of  which  prac- 
tice, this  genus  furnishes  a  greater  number  of  handsome  Bmall  trees  for  orna- 
mental grounds  than  any  other  ligneous  family  whatever.  All  the  species 
Kilt  grow  on  any  soil  that  is  tolerably  dry  ;  but  ihey  will  not  grow  vigorously 
in  a  soil  that  is  not  deep  and  free,  and  rich  rather  than  poor.  Whether  as 
■mall  trees  or  as  ahnibs,  Ihey  are  all  admirably  adapted  (or  planting  grounds 
of  limited  extent ;  and  espcmally  (or  small  gardens  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
laige  towns. 

§  i,  Cocc'meeE. 
Srd.  Char.,  ^c.    Leaves  cordate,  lobed,  aeuielv  serrated.    Flowers  and  fruit 
large.    The  plants  also  large,  and  of  free  ana  vigorous  growth. 

t  1.  C.  cocci'nba  L.    The  scarlet^fnf  Thorn. 

Un.Sp..Wai  Poirii  AiMr,  SfpL,  1.  iiMT.i  Dec.  P™L,  1  p.  MI. !  Don'i  Mill, 

I  AiuDlt ;  Vliiiit  «airlu«;~>r.'  I 
3  Dead.  Brtt,  _L  SI  I   Bat.  Ili(.,  I 


Spec.  Oiar^f  Sfc.     IKaks  of  leaves  cordate-ovate,  angled   with  lobe),    ncutilv 
serrated,  glabrou*.     Petioles  and  caljies  pubescent,  glanded.      me:als  or. 


tl54  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUM. 

bieulate.  Styles  5,  Fruit  scarlet,  eatable.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  low  tree.  No 
America,  from  Canada  to  Carolina,  in  hedgeB  and  woods.  Height  IS 
to  20ft.  Introduced  in  1683.  Flowers  white;  Maj  and  June.  Fi 
lar^,  round,  or  somewhat  pear-shaped,  scarlet  ;  ripe  in  September.  1 
caying  leaves  yellow,  inclining  Co  scarlet.  Naked  young  wood  dark-coloun 
old  wood  with  a  whitish  bark. 
fariciiei.  It  would  be  easy  to  procure  as  many  vanetiea  of  this  ipedes 
there  are  of  the  common  hawthorn,  by  raising  some  thousands  of  pl» 
every  jear  from  seed,  and  selecting  from  the  seed-beds  plants  indiciit 
any  peculiarity  of  leaf  or  of  habit ;  but,  as  in  the  nurseries  the  most  ra, 
way  of  producing  saleable  plants  of  this,  and  all  the  other  species  anil 
rieties  of  Crata^'gus,  is  found  to  be  by  grafting  on  the  common  hawtho 
very  few  seedlings  are  raised,  and  the  varieties  in  cultivation  are  only  i 
three  or  bur  following  :  — 

1  C.  c.  S  cordlima.  C.  coralliua  Lodd.  Cat.;  theC.  pyrif^rmis  andC.p 
tinaU  of  some  collections.  {Jig.  678.  in  p.  387.)—  The  leaves  i 
the  entire  plant  are,  perhaps,  rather  smaller  than  in  the  Kpeci 
the  habit  of  the  tree  is  decidedly  more  upright  and  fastjgiate;  i 
the  truit  is  smaller,  long,  and  of  a  fine  coral  red  ;  whence  the  na 
is  probably  derived,  though,  in  the  first  edition  of  the  Hort,  S 
CataJogue,  it  is  called  the  red-branched  hawthorn.  The  plant! 
Messrs.  Loddiges's,  however,  exhibit  only  a  slight  degree  otrtdn 
in  the  branches  of  the  young  wood. 
1  C.  c.  3  indetUdta.  C.  indentata  Lodd.  Cat. ;  C.  gedrcica  Dotig.  [J!g.  6 
in  p.  387.)  —  The  leaves  are  snmller,  and  less  lobed,  than  those 
the  species  ;  the  plant  is  also  weaker,  of  upright  habit,  and  wit 
smooth  clear  bark.  It  is  very  prolific  in  flowers  and  fruit. 
1'  C.  c.  4  ntdjima  Lodd,  Cat.  C.  c.  spinosa  Godefro^  ;  C.  aceriSAi^  Ha 
C.  ?  flflbellalu  Hort.  —  The  leaves  are  larger  than  those  of  any  ot 
variety ;  and  the  fruit  is  also  large.  As  we  have  not  seen  lii 
plants  of  C.  flttlwllata,  but  only  dned  specimens  sent  from  Tereo 
and  the  Humbeque  Nursery,  we  are  not  absolutely  certain  thai 
flabell^ta  and  C.  c.  maxima  are  the  same ;  but  we  feel  quite  ccn 
that  they  botii  belong  to  C.  cocclnea.  We  are  informed  that  th< 
flabellata  of  some  nurseries  is  C.  tanacetifdiia ;  which  certai 
has  its  leaves  more  Aabellate,  or  fan4ike,  than  any  variety  oi 
cocclnea. 
t  T  C.  c.  5  neapoIilaTia  Hort  Jtfespilus  constanlinopolitima  Godtf. 
—  Plants  were  in  Messrs.  Loddiges's  collection  in  1837. 

J  2,  C.  RUNDULO'SA  W.     The  glandular  Thorn. 

tUm,    Wind.  So..!,  p.  IDDD..  DOtDrUlchi.  j  Punh  Amcr.  Smt.,  ].  B-VfJ.;  Due.  Pro 

i  Doo'i  Mill.,  if.m. 

at/tuinfmil.    ?  C.  OBBiinn  Fall.  Fl.  Rn.  1.  t  II. ;  ?  itfiiplliii  niluDdUtilu  Ehrk.  BtUr,  3.  V- 

Ffnt  glindultH  Mnach ;  C.  itAinMtMt  BoBlk. 
Ewtcrtnintl-    ?  PHI.  FL  Rou..  1.  t.  ll.j  Lod  Bot  C«h.,t.  iai3:  Dend.  BHt..  t,  I 

in  p.  Mi.  1  U»  plu«  of  Ihit  nwin  In  Am.  Drtt..  lit  rIII.,  toI.  t!.  ;  ud  Dur  ^.  Q 

Spec.  Char.,  *c.  Leaves  with  the  disk  obovate-wedge-shaped,  angled, 
brous,  glossy.  Petioles,  stipules,  and  sepals  glanded.  Fruit  oval,  scai 
nuts  4—5 ;  flesh  hard  and  dry.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  low  tree.  North  A 
rica,  in  Canada  and  on  the  Ali^hany  Mountains,  and  also  found  on 
Rocky  Mountains.  Height  ISft.  to  l^ft.  Introduced  in  17.50.  Floi 
white;  May  and  June.    Fruit  scarlet;  ripe  in  September. 

Vnrictiet. 

S  C.  g.  8  nccvlenla  Fisch^  .fl/espilus  succuWnta  BooUi,  has  the 
larger  than  that  of  the  species,  and  sucrulent,  juicy,  and  ead 
We  have  seen  only  one  plant  of  this  variety;  but  we  were  eusi 
by  the  late  M.  Fisclier  of  Giittingen,  that  there  are  several  in 
botanic  garden  there,  and  in  various  other  collections  in  Oennai 


XXVI,    BOSA^CEX:    CHAT^^OUS.  555 

J  C.  g.   3  tubviUoia,   C.  subvillosa    Fuch., 

^our^.ese.,  and  j^.68l.  in  p.  388.) 

u  apparently  another  vuiet;  of  the  pre- 
ceding sort,  or,  perhaps,  of  C.  coccfnea. 

It  ii  Tcrj  distinct  in  appearance,  from 

its  villous  twisted  leavea,  and  stUDted 

tortuous  sboota  ;  but,  from  its  having 

been  only  three  or  four   yean  in  the 

country,  very  little  ia  known  of  its  habit 

of  growth,  which  seems  to  be  rather 

more  loose  than  that  of  C.  glanduldaa. 

There  are  planta  in  the  Horticultural 

Society's  Garden,  and  in  Meaars.  Lod-  , 

digea'a  arboretum. 
Diflers  from  the  preceding  sort  in  the  slipules 
and  caljies  being  glandular,  and  in  the  head  of 
the  tree  forming  a  dense  mass  of  small  twigs. 
fieng  a  small  compact  tree,  of  somewhat  conical 
or  taBtigiate  habit,  and  of  comparatively  low 
|ni«tfa,  and  yet  yery  prolific  in  flowers  and  fruit, 
It  it  well  adopted  lor  small  gardens  ;  and,  bdng  (,,,  c.  ■.  ■.mvIhi. 

at  ihe  same  time  fiill  of  branches  and  very  spiny, 

it  iabetto- calculated  tban  many  other  kiaJs  of  American  Cratv'gus  for  formlns 
Sddbedgw.  " 


$  ii.  PunctatiE. 
^.  Clutr.     Leaves  not  lobed,  large,  with  many  nerves.     Bark  white,  o 
(oloured.    Fruit  large,  or  small. 

I  3.  C.  pijncta"ta  AU.    Tbe  dotted:/hii(ni  Thorn. 

~  ir.,a.iilS9.;  J.ni.  Hon.VinA,  l.milMii  Funh  Fl.  Ainer. ! 
■  Am  :  M^ipllui  ^ellfiila  Ekrk.  Sefr,  &  p.  II. :  M.  punca 
X.  1  Dur j^«-  GftS.  ml  GSi.  Id  p.  389. ;  the  pUtc  In  Arb.  Diit.,  I 


356  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BHITANNICUM. 


Spec,  Char.,  ^.  Leaves  obovate-wedg»4baped,  glabrous,  semted.  C 
a  little  vlUQHe;  its  Bepali  awl-shaped,  eatire.  Fruit  usubIIv  dotted.  {. 
Prod.)  A  small  tree.  North  America,  in  the  woods  aud  Ewamps  of 
ginia  and  Caroliaa;  where,  according  to  l*unh,  it  erows  to  a  hands 
BJie,  particularly  the  variety  having  yelloir  fruit.  Height  15ft.  to  S 
Introduced  in  1746.  Flowers  white;  May  and  June.  Fruit  scarlet  ( 
in  September.     Leaves  dropping  yellow.   Naked  young  wood  grey. 

Farietiet.     There  are  four  farms  of  this  species  in  British  gardens. 

t  C.p.2  riibra  Purt,h,  C.  ediklis  RonaJdt  (Jtg.682.  in  p. 389.)  ii 

most  common,  and   i-  " •"■ —  * — '       ' 

from  15  ft.  to  31 
T  C.p.3  rubra  iMcla  Hort.,  C.  p.  stricta 

Runaldi,  has  the  fruit  red,  like  the  pre- 
ceding sort  1   but  the  general  habit  of 

the  plant  is  fastigiate,  like  that  of  tbe 

following  sort. 
t  C.  p.  *  airea  Pursh,    C.  p.  Bim  Hon., 

C.  diilcis  Ronaldi,  C.  ediklis  Lodd.  Cat., 

C.  pentigyna  flava  Godejrot/  (Jig.  682. 

in  p.  369.),  is  a  tree  like  C.  a.  tiibrm, 

with  yellow  fruit,  and  also,  when  old, 

with  few  thorns. 
1  C  p.  5  brevitpinaDou^,  and  our Jtg. 63%. 

—  A  very  handsome  fastigiate  tree,  with  ' 

large,    very   dork   purplish    red   fruit. 

Hort.  Soc  Garden.  ui.  c.T.im%i 

Tbe  wood  is  so  hard  that  the  Indians  of  the  west  coast  of  Amer 
wedges  of  it  for  splitting  trees. 

I  4,  C.  ptbifo'li*  Ail.     The  Pear-tree-leaved  Thorn. 


DoD'i  MIU,,  t.  p.  n9. 
StmomifmrM.    C.   Itocopllla'oa  fwUlc-birt 
(dll.  1U6  ;  C.  lamsntbu  Da  kai  Hnbk. 


C.  lUUM  1^  Ptn 


J^^„ 


XXVI.    ROSA'CEX  :    CJtATX  GUS.  ^37 

Ehw^i.  HcRKh  WiIu.,  p.  31.  L  1.1  Wall.  Drad.  BiiL,  I.  G1.;  But.  Rtf.,  I.  Isn. ;  our 
jCalL F.189. :  tbc pliM  of  tha  tpeds la  Aib  Brit,  lu silt.,  ml.  il. i  um our  j^. «M. 

^.  C%ar.,  j''^.  In  some  mstancei  spioy,  in  some  without  spines.  Leaves 
orste-ellipticBl,  incbely  serrated,  obscurely  plaited,  a  little  hairy.  Flowers 
3-ctjleil.  Calyx  Blightly  villoHe ;  its  sepala  linear-lanceolate,  serrated. 
{Dec.  JVoJ.)  A  low  tree,  generally  spineless.     North  America,  from  Penn- 

Zlvanta  to  Carolina,  in  woods  and  rocky  places.  Height  SO  ft.  to  25  (t. 
trodnced  io  1765.  Flowers  white  ;  June  and  July,  rather  later  than 
C.  punctata.  Fruit  small,  yellowish  red  ;  ripe  early  in  September,  and 
more  eagerly  aou^t  after  by  birds  than  tho«e  of  any  other  species. 


T 


The  IcBTet  of  young  trees  are  larger,  and  the  fruit  smaller,  than  those 
of  most  other  species;  the  leaves  are  also  more  strongly  plaited,  having  the 
ippearmnce  of  b^ng  furrowed  from  the  midrib  to  the  margm.  When  the  fruit 
>i  not  eaten  by  birds,  it  shrivels,  turns  bUck,  and  remains  on  the  tree  through- 
Mit  the  winter.     The  leaves  drop  early,  ofa  rich  yellow. 

$  iii.  Macrac&iUhce. 
Stet.  Ckt^.     Leaves  large,  ovate-oblong,  slightly  lobed  and  serrated,  with  nu- 
merouB   nerves,  and  subplicate.     Fruit  small.     Spines  vety   long.      Tree 
rigorous  and  spreading. 

T   5.  C.  MiCHACA'jiTHA  Lodd.  Cat,     The  long.apined  Thorn. 


bVanrrji  C.pjlWlTi  Tortry i  I 

"-It  Sc(,,  t  mi  1  ou- '-  "•  '- 


.,  roL  ti. :  ud  our  At-  Mo. 

Spec.  Char  ,   ^c.     Spines    lon^r  than  the  leaves,  and  numerous.     Leaves 

ovate-oblong,   somewhat  acuminate,  slightly  lobed  and  bluntlv  serrated. 

nerred,   uid   subplicate.     Fruit   small,  or  middle-sized,  of  a  shining  red. 

Mid  very  sticcnlent  when  ripe.     Tree  open,  ipreadiDg,  and  of  very  vigoroui 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUH   BRITANNICUU. 


growth.  The  shoots  stnught,  and  tending;  upwards  at  an  angle  ol 
North  America,  and  the  most  common  species  in  the  northern  i 
Height  lOft.  to  30ft.  Introduced  in  1819.  Flowera  white;  Ma] 
June.     Fruit  scarlet,  (sther  smaller  than  that  of  C,  coccinea ;  ripe  in 

Variety. 

X  C.  m.  8  minor  {fg.  68a.  in  p.  390.)  only  differs  from  the  spec 
having  smaller  fruit.      There  are  plants  at  Somerrord  Hall, 

Raised  from  American  seed,  in  1819,  in  the  nutseir  of  Messrs.  Fa) 
Gateshead,  near  Newcastle  i  whence  it  was  sent  to  the  Edinburgh  B 
Garden,  under  the  name  of  the  large  American  aiarole. 

}iv.    OitiHg&Ui. 

Sect.  Chae.  Leaves  without  lobes,  obovate-oblong  or  obavateJanci 
more  or  less  serrated,  and  of  a  dark  shining  green,  with  petioles  mai 
by  the  decurrence  of  the  leaf.  Fruit  small,  or  middle-sized,  round 
green  till  nearly  ripe,  and,  when  ripe,  scarlet.  Spines  very  long,  and 
Tike  tlie  spur  of  a  cock. 

t  6.  C.  Chu's-Oji'li 
Idrntiflauiim.    LLn,  Sp.,  p.Ssii  Dee.  Pi 

.tmnnwnin.  CnWgiii  Lilclda  ITinw.  ^r*.  t.  IT.  t.n,,  at  MiB.  Diri.i  C.  cuumili  Lot 
VbpUlli  lildda  sir*.  Brilr.  ;  3d.  CrDl-slUi  PoiT.  •,  W.  byeiDJUtl  WaU.  ;  U.  aiatiaUt  1 
NMlet  Fled  dn  Cot,  »■. ;  gliiiuenilt  Mliprl.  Grr. :  Luiu-oUn  iplnoH,  llaL 

E^iitmiat:  Wuig.  AriL.  t.  IT.  f.  t). ;  Drod.  Bril..  t.  K. ;  ma/i.  6S7,  In  p.  »1.  ^  tin  pU 
■pMl»  b  Arb.  Bflt..  t»  idil.,  ml.  'i. ;  ud  oatjig.  HI. 

^Kc.  Char.,  4^.  Spines  long.  Leaves  obovate-wedge-ab^ied,  nesri 
sile,  glossy,  glabrous,  falling  off  late.  Stipule*  linear.  Lobea  of  the 
lanceolate,  and  somewhat  serrated.  Styles  2.  Fruit  scarlet,  (Dec.  . 
A  low  tree.  North  America  ;  common  in  woods  and  hedges,  and  i 
banks  of  rivers,  from  Canada  to  Carolina.     Height  Id  ft.  to  20  ft. 


XXVI.    BOSACGS:    CRAT^GUS. 


auetd  in  1691.  Floiren  white;  May  and  June.  Fruit  smill,  preen,  and 
Bi  length  scarlet;  ripe  in  Sepiember  and  October.  Leaves  retained 
longer  than  in  most  of  the  species  i  so  that  in  tlie  South  of  England  it  ap- 
pears a  tub«vergreeD,  retaining  also  its  showy  fruit  through  the  irinler. 

t  C.C.2  iptenilent  Dec.  Prod.,  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  ii.  p.  170.,  Pluk.  t.  M. 
f.  1.  C.  orbulifolia  and  C,  splindens  Lodd.  Cat.  {fie.  68B.  in  p,  391.) 
—  lieavea  oborate-wedge-ahaped,  and  shining;  and,  being  produced 
in  abuodance,  the  plant  has  a  splendid  appearance. 

T  C.  C.  3  mracantkifoiia  Dec.  Prod.,  Ait.  Hon.  Kew.  ii.  p.  170.  C.  pyn,- 

canthifdlia  Lodd.  Cat. ;  Jlf^pilus  liicida  Dum.  Court.  Bit.  Cult.  eel.  2. 

v.p.448,  {Jig-  693.  in  p.  391,  ;  the  plate   in  Arb.  Brit.,   1st  edit., 

•  vol.  vi.;  and  oaifig.  648.)  —  Leaves  oblong,  irith  the  upptx  part  lan- 


ceolate ;  the  lower  part  tending  to  wedge^haped.  This,  even  when 
only  3  or  4  years  grafted,  forms  h  singular  little  old-looking  tree 
fpmcUng  like  a  miniature  cedar  of  Lebanon. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BBITANNICUM. 

;.  4  BaSdJdtia  Dec.  Prod.,  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  u.  p.  170.  C.  nUdf 
&.6f)l.mp.  391.  J  and  the  plate  in  Arb.  Bnt.,  1st  edit, 'ol- 
1 J  our  Jig.  643.)  —  Leaves  oblong,  with  the  upper  part  lanceol: 


the  lower  part  tending  to  wedge-shaped.  This  forcns  a  low 
headed  tree,  like  the  preceding  variety.  A  plant  in  Mcbsts- 
digea's  arboretum,  in  1835,  after  beine  five  years  grafted  at  a 
from  the  ground,  was  not  quite  5  fi.  nieh.  The  miniature  tre 
this  variety  are  admirably  adapted  for  children's  gardens. 
1;  C  C,  5  iinearii  Dec.  Prod.  MeapHus  linearis  Deif.  Arb.  n.  p. 
Par.  Suppl.  iv,  p.  70.  i  C.  linearis  Lodd.  Cat.   (fig.  C90.  in  p. ; 

—  Leaves  linear-lanceclate.  Spines,  or  thorns,  few  and  tnoi 
Styles  1 — 2.    Fruit  of  a  yellowish  red. 

•  C.  C.  6  nuna  Dec.  Prod.     Af&pilus  nana  Dum.  Court.  Suppl.  p. 

—  Branchlels  tomentose  in  some  degree.  Leaves  oval-lanceo 
the  under  surface  paler  than  the  upper.  A  shrub,  or,  when  tr 
to  a  single  stem,  a  miniature  tree. 

This  species,  bdng  one  of  the  first  introduced  into  England,  has  beea 
cultivate  than  any  other  American  thorn  ;  and  on  the  wiiole  it  is  one  c 
most  splendid  in  appearance,  from  its  smooth,  shining,  dark  green  folisgi 
the  great  abundance  of  iu  fine  while  flowers,  and  dark  red  Fniit  which  ro 
long  on  the  tree.  In  the  South  of  England,  and  in  the  climate  of  Load 
warm  sheltered  situations,  where  the  soil  ia  rieh  and  moist,  it  retains  its  I 
and  fruit  through  great  part  of  the  winter,  so  as  to  appear  quite  cvergrec 
y  7.  C.  (C.)  ovAMFoYiA  Horn.     The  oval-leaved  Thorn. 

MmffitnUrM.     Horaral.  Hon,  H»fh.  Soppl„5a;Dm.  PrDd.,a.p.SH.i  Don'>HIII.,l.p.] 
Anunync.    C.clliptl»  LM4.  Cta.;  C.  Cidi-gSlLl  ailllftiUa  So(.  X<(.  I.  IMO. 

iHcdlL.nl.il.i^ou'jtr.  GH. 
^Kc.  Char.,  4c.  Leaves  oval,  serrated,  a  little  pilose  on  both  sur&cei 
abinin"  on  the  upper  one.  Stipules  half-heart-shaped,  incisely  ser 
withgbnded  serratures.  (Dec.  Prod.)  Alowtree.  North  America,  i 
ISft.toSOft.  InErod.  in  1810.  Flowers  white.  A  very  distinct  vari 
C.  Crus-g&lli,  with  a  loose  spreading  habit  of  growth,  and  broad  leaves. 


XZVI.  BOSA  CEJE  :   CRATM  QVS- 


t  9.  C.  (C.)  raoNiro'LiA  J 

In  ptimUMla  Petr'lifcl.  4. 


t  C.uroUnlliuXgiU.ail.; 


SMfntHmgi.    But  Bea.,  I.  IMS.  t  oar  fit.  ^ 


d63  ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANMICUM. 

^c.  Ckar^  Sfc.     Leases  with  the  diik  broadly  ovate,  unequally  Mmled,  ti 

dabroiu;  ihe  petioles  bearing  a  few  glands.  Sepals  with  glanded  serraiurc 

PeduDcIe  and  calyx  a  little  villose.     8eeda  2  in  a  pome.  {liec.  Prod.) 

low  tree-     North  America.     Height   15  ft.  to  20  ft.     Introikced  in  181 

or  before.     Flowers  white  ;  Maj  and  June.     Fruit  scarlet. 

Differs  from  the  preceding  variety  in  having  broader  and  shorter  leaves, 

more  compact  and  fastlgiate  habit  or  growth,  and  rather  more  thorns  on  tl 

branches.     The  leaves  of  this  and  the  preceding  kinds  die  off  of  a  uiui 

deeper  red  than  the  narrow-leaved  farieties,  which  often  drop  quite  pee. 

yellow,  or  of  a  yellowish  red. 

J  T.  Nigra. 
Sect.  Char,     Leaves  middle-sized,  deeply  lobed.  Lobes  pointed.    Fruit  rouni 
blacL  or  purple.     Tree  rather  Tastigiate,   with  few  or  no  spines.     Bai 
smooth. 

t  9.  C.  Ni'BRA  WaUtl. 
tdmlifcaaim.  WiMit.  M  KU.  PI.  Bu.  Hu 
Sy<utv«a.  MtllXlui  nlrr*  miU.  Emwrn. 
E-tr^^l.    wifdii.rt  Itli.  PI.  -      ■• 


^>ee.  Char.,  tj-c.  Leaves  nnuately  lobed,  and  serrated,  somewhat  wedgi 
shaped,  though  truncately  so,  at  the  base  ;  whilelj  villose  beneath.  Stipuk 
oblong,  serrately  cut.  Calyxes  villose ;  the  lobes  slightly  toothed.  Scylt 
5.  Fruit  black.  (/)rc.  ft-od.)  A  low  tree.  Hungary.  Height  15  ft.  t 
20  ft.,  throwing  up  numerous  suckers  from  its  widely  spreading  roots,  whici 
soon  cover  the  ground  with  a  forest  of  bushes.  In  England,  where  it  i 
generally  propagated  by  grafting  on  the  common  Ihoni,  it  forma  a  ver 
handsome,  upright,  somewhat  fastigiate  tree,  from  20  ft.  to  30  ft.  high,  pui 
ting  forth  its  leaves,  in  mild  seasons,  in  February  or  March.  Introduced  ii 
1819.     Flowers  white;   April  and  May.     Fruit  black;  ripe  in  July  ani 

Farifiy.     C.   ffiscft  Jacq.,  judging  from  a  seedling  plant  b  the  Hort.  Soc 

Garden,  appears  to  belong  to  this  species. 

Nighlii^es  are  said  to  be  attracted  by  this  tree,  probably  because  it  Is  pv- 
cicularly  bable  to  be  attacked  by  insects,  and  because  numerous  caterpiltiR 


XXVI.    leoSA^CEiE:    CRATJE^QVh. 


363 


are  to  be  found  on  it  about  the  time  when  the  nightingale  is  in  full  song.  The 
same  property  of  attracting  nightingales  is  ascribed  to  the  common  hawthorn, 
in  La  TTieorie  du  Jcardtnage^  4*^.,  published  in  1709. 

^  10.  C.  PURPU^REA  Bosc.    The  purple-ArancA^d  Thorn. 

Ueutifiaaim,    Bom  ined. :  Dec.  Prod,  2.  p.  628. ;  Don't  MUl.,  2.  p.  199.   . 

SfmanjfUit.    C  saogulnea  aort. 

EtmmtigM,    Wats.  Dend.  Brit,  t.  60. ;  owjig.  OM.  in  p.  282. ;  the  plate  of  this  species  in  Arb. 


rlt.,  Ist  edit.,  voL  ri. ;  and  owrfyf.  647. 


M7*    C  pwpkna. 

Spec,  Char.,  4-c.  Branches  dark  purple.  Leaves  ovate,  cuneate  at  the  base, 
lobed  with  broad  lobes,  serrated,  glabrous,  or  pubescent  beneath.  Stipules 
somewhat  circular,  serrated  with  ^landed  serratures.  (Dec,  Prod,)  A 
shrub  or  low  tree.  Altaic  Mountains.  Height  6  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introauced 
in  1822.  Flowers  white ;  early  in  April ;  being  the  very  first  species  of  Oa- 
tae^gus  that  comes  into  flower  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London,  excepting 
dways  the  Glastonbury  thorn.  Fruit  dark  red  or  purple,  sometimes  yellow, 
very  succulent ;  ripe  in  July. 

Variety. 

¥  C.p.2  altdica  ;  C.  altiica  Led.,  Lod.  Cat.  (J!g.  696.  in  p.  393.) ;  has  the 
leaves  somewhat  larger  than  the  species,  and  they  appear  a  little 
earlier. 

It  forms  an  upright,  rigid,  rather  slow-growing  tree,  without  thorns.  It  has 
a  few  small  branches,  and  is  not  densely  clothed  with  leaves.  It  has  a  starved 
and  somewhat  stunted  appearance,  and  is  readily  known  by  the  purple  colour 
of  its  young  shoots.  The  bark  of  the  old  wood  is  of  a  dark  purple  or  brown 
colour,  and  rough  and  scaly.  The  fruit  is  small,  round,  and  most  commonly  of 
a  dark  purple ;  but  it  varies  to  pale  yellow,  or  a  milk  white,  and  red,  on  the 
same  plant.  It  ripens  about  the  end  of  July,  and  is  very  soft  and  juicy,  but 
soon  drops  off.  The  tree  is  interesting  from  its  early  flowering,  and  the  dark 
colour  of  the  anthers  of  its  flowers,  which  contrasts  strongly  with  the  white- 
ness of  the  petals.     The  leaves  are  also  large,  and  of  a  peculiar  shape. 

§  vi.   Dougldm. 

Sect.  Char.    Leaves  small,  and  not  lobed  as  in  the  preceding  section ;  furnished 
with  numerous  parallel  nerves,  somewhat  like  those  of  C  punctlita.    Spines 


ARBORETUM   ET    PRUTICETUH   BRITAMNICUH. 

■  and  ri^d.    Fruit  srosll,  and  dark  purple;  pulproftaiv 
T  11.  C  D'odola's// Liodl     Douglas's  Thorn. 

Jot.  R«|..  t.  I«I0. 1  Lod.  CM,  edit  ini. 

It  B^.,  L  1810. 1  oar  M-  (97.  In  p.  »a. )  Uh  plUa  oT  the  ipads  Id  KA.  Bitt 


Spec.  Char.,  Sec.  Branches  ascending.  Spines  rigid,  strwichtisb,  now  shor 
now  very  long.  Leaves  Bome  obovate,  some  oval,  gaehedij  serrated,  acute 
■t  the  base  wedge-sh^ed,  glabrous ;  in  the  autumn,  remarkablj'  leather 
and  they  then  acquire  a  purplish  cast,  and  are  shining.  (^lAttdl.)  A  shru 
or  low  tree.  North- West  America.  Height  10  ft.  to  lA  ft.  Introduced  i 
1S2T.     Flowers  white  ;  Bday.     Fruit  smsfi,  dark  purple  ;  ripe  in  Augus 


This  is  a  ver;  distinct  sort,  more  particularly  as  it  respects  the  colour  i 
the  fruit,  and  the  colour  and  texture  of  the  leaves.  The  general  habit  of  th 
plant  ifl  fastigiaie ;  and  it  is  one  of  the  latest  kinds  in  leafing  in  the  spinj 
The  flowers  and  iruit  are  produced  in  great  abundance,  and  both  are  vet 

ornamental. 

}  vii.   Fldvte. 

Sect.  Char.     Leaves  small,  obovate,  slightly  lobed,  and  sefrated.     Flowers  fr 

quently  solitaiy.     Spines  numerous,  straight,  and  more  slender  than  in  ai 

other  division.     Fruit  top,  or  pear,  shaped  j  yellow,  or  greenish  yellow. 

I  12.  C.  PLA'vi  Ait.    The  yellow:/riD(«J  Thorn. 

Uauyicathn.    Alt.  Hort  Krw-,  I.  p.  Ita. ;  Funb  n.  Amer.  S«pt.,  I.  p.  US.  i  Dec.  Prod., 
^wayiMi.    C.  glmdulftti  Wiib.  Fl.  Bur.  Amtr.  I.  p.m.,  not  of  WbII. :   jnipilui HIcbili: 


Engrawmit.  BoC.  Reg.,  t.  19K.  :  Af.  CW  In  p.  )M.  i  tbs  plUe  of  tlie  ipedH  In  Arb.  Bril.,  IK  rU 
Tol.  •!.;  ml  our  A.  M9. 

Spte.Char.,^c.  Disks  of  leaves  obovate-wedge-ehaped,  slightly  lobed,  cr 
nately  serrate,  upon  short  petioles.  Stipules  glsnded.  Flowers  most 
solitary.  Sepals  glanded.  Fruit  top-shaped,  yellow,  or  yellowish  gree 
Nuts  1  in  a  &uit.  (ilrc.  Prod.)     A  low  spr^iog  tree.     North  Anieric 


XXTI.    SOSA^CEJE  :    CBATX'OUg. 


from    Virginia  to   Carolina.     Height  15  ft.  to  SO  ft.     iDUoduced  b   .72^ 

Flowers  white ;  May,     Hawt  yellow;  rip«  id  October.     Decayii^  leaves 

rich  fellow. 

The  Sowera  and  the  fruit  are  ndther  produced  in  abundance,  nor  make  any 
great  show ;  but  the  tree  has  a  marked  character  from  its  general  fonn,  and 
the  horizontal  tendency  of  its  branches. 

J   13.  C.  (F.)  lobi'ta  Blue.     The  lobed-ZraofiJ  Thorn. 

Sfnat^mrt.    WtiplliulotAu/'cifr,  J>f^. 

Spec.CkaT^^c.  Branches 
a  little  villose.  Disks 
of  IcBTes  ovHte,  une- 
qually serrated,  or 
k>be(],  slightly  downy 
beneath,  upon  ver^ 
short  petioles,  i^ti- 
pules  cut.  Flowere  in 
loose  corymbs.  {Dec. 
Prod.)  A  tree  closely 
resembling  C.  flava  in 
general  appearance. 
KatiTe  country  sup- 
posed to  be  America. 
Height  10ft.  to  15ft. 
Introduced  in  1819. 
Ploners  white ;  May- 
Fruit  green ;  ripe  in  October. 
BtfTering  from  C.  fl^va  in  befing  some  of  the  leaves  with  larger  lobet,  and 

«ome  of  the  spines  leiver.  The  flowers  are  sparingly  produced,  amongst  dense 

tofts  of  leaves  ;  and  the  fruit,  which  is  green  when  ripe,  is  still  less  abundant. 

It  is  pear-shaped,  and  very  different  from  that  of  evety  other  kuid  ofCVatse^gus, 

except  C.  flara  and  C.  t.  trilobka. 


XXVI.  RosA^cE£:  crat-e'gub.  367 

edgetiitilce  thoMof  the  common  parsley  ;  but  this  fringed  i^pearance 
is  by  no  meiing  constant,  either  in  the  variety  or  in  the  species.  This 
variety  rormi  a  most  onuunental  low  bush  i  or,  when  graned  standard 
high,  B  beautiful  pendent  tree. 

j  ix.  Mieroc&rpa. 

Sed.  Char.  Fruit  small,  round,  red.  Flowers  small,  produced  in  corymbs, 
Luer  in  the  season  than  in  any  of  the  other  species.  Spines  few,  but  &onte- 
linies  very  large. 

¥   16.  C.  cordaVi  Mm.     The  heait-shaped-innW  Thom. 

..  ;  m'.'  c^ilu'itiU.;  C.  piipulUiiu  H'att.  Cor.  14;,.  >nd 
.  Dcnd'srit.  L  63.  ;'  Boi.  R«J.  I.  Uai.  ;  JK.  '08.  In  P.  SM. 
„  [It  edU^  Tol.  ri.  nmdour  A-  W- 


S^e.  Char.,  ^c.  Disks  of  leaves  cordate,  ovate,  angled  by  lobes,  glabrous 
Petioles  and  calyxes  without  glands.  Styles  5  in  a  flower.  (Dec.  Prod.) 
A  compact,  close-headed,  small  tree,  with  leaves  of  o  deep  shining  green. 
Canada  to  Virpnia,  in  hedges  and  rocky  places.  Height  20  ft.  to  30  It. 
Introduced  in  1738.  Flowers  white,  in  numerous  terminal  corymbs ;  May 
and  June.  Fruit  amall,  scarlet ;  ripe  in  October. 
A  very  distinct  and  handsome  species. 

1  17.  C  spathula't*   EUiotl.     The  spathuIa-iAopnUcatvif  Thom. 


J»Mi»«Ki.    C.mienirinwZAua.  All.  K^.  t.  JUi; 
KfTM^an.    Bot.  C^.LlKI.;  Boi.  IteK.,1. 1H« 

Sptc.  Char.,  S^c.  Subspinose.  Leaves  in  fascicles,  oblong  cuneated,  3-cleft, 
lobed  and  crenated,  nnooth,  shining.  Corymbs  meny-ftowered.  Calyt 
smooth;  segments  ovate,  quite  entire.     Fruit  ovate,  subrotund,  smooth 


ARBORETUU   ET    FBUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 


5-ceUed  i  shell  thin.  (Lm^.)  A  low  tree ;  in  EDeUnd  s  shrub,  uolett 
when  grafted  ataadard  high.  Geor^  and  Carolina.  Height  IS  ft.  to  15  ft. : 
ui  England  6ft.  to  8  ft.  Introduced  in  JHOe,.  Flowera  white;  Ha^  aod 
Jane.    Fruit  bright  red ;  ripe  in  October. 

t  C. «.  Sgc^^.    C.  ge^i^ca  Lod. — Leaves  5-Iobed,  on  longer  foot- 
stalks, and   rather  smaller  than  (he  species.     This  variety  and  the 
species  were  killed  to  the  ground  in  the  winter  of  1837 -S.  (See  Ganl. 
Mag.,  vol.  xvi.  p.3.) 
A  slow-growing,  very  neat,  little  bush  or  tree,  with  slender,  smooth,  droop- 
ing branches,  and  something  of  the  habit  of  C.  (Tiyacanlha.     Its  leaves  have  a 
very  handsome  appearance,  and  are  remarkablf  shining,  and  deep  ^reea :  the; 
usually  grow  in  clusters ;  have  B  long  stalk,  tapering  upwards  into  a  blade, 
which  is  sometimes  nearly  entire,  with  only  a  tootii  or  two  at  the  end;  •ome- 
times  they  are  3-lobed,  with   crenated  segments  ;  and  occasionally  ihej  are 
dee]>ly  S-parted  ;  their  form  is  always  more  or  less  spathulate.     The  stipules 
of  the  more  vigorous  branches  are  large  and  leafy.     The  flowers  are  white, 
and  appear  at  the  same  time  as  those  of  C.  cordata.     The  ftuit  is  r^er 
abundant,  but  small. 

{  X.    Azaroli. 

Sect.  Char.    Fruit  large,    round  or  pear-shi^jed ;  good  to  eat;   yellow  or 
red;  the  yellow  fruit  generally  produced  onfastiglate  species  or — '   ■' 
and  the  red  on  trees  with  a  spreading  and  rather  a  drooping  head. 
wedge-shaped,  3-cleft  or  more,  shinbg,  pubescent  or  hairy,      Spinei 

1   18.  C.  Azaso'lus  L.     The  Azarole  Thorn. 

UmtifaiHim.     Ltn.  Sn.,  ES3.  ;  Dec.  Prod,.  3.  p.  SS.  i  Doii'i  Hfll.,1.  p.Wl. 

_r ■«.,„,  Atarily,  Scop,  Cm.  No.  HOT..  J.  Biuh.  Hill.  f.  p.  S!. ,    V#retlu. 


Spec.  Char.,  4rc.     Leaves  pubescent,  wedge-shaped  at  the  base,  trifid;  lobes 
blunt,and  with  a  few  large  teeth.  BranchletSjCorymbs,  and  calyxes  pubescent. 


XXVI.    itOSA  CE*  ;    rilATXGUS. 


^Jf?^ 


Sepnls  obtuse.  Styles  1 — 3  Fruit  globose,  scarlet.  Seeds  usuallj' two; 
and  lience  the  name,  common  at  Montpelier,  pommettet  a  deux  ehtet.  (Vrc. 
Prod.)  A  low  tree,  never  found  wild  as  a  bush.  South  of  France  and 
luk,  in  small  woods  and  in  rouEh  places.  Height  20  ft.  to  30  ft  ;  in  Eng- 
Innd  lOft.  toSOft.  Introduced  in  tG5G.  Flowers  while;  Ma}' and  June. 
Fniii  red ;  ripe  in  September.  Leaves  drop  with  the  first  frost,  witiioul 
much  change  of  colour. 

farietitt.  In  the  Xuureen  Du  Hamel,sii  varieties  are  enumerated,  viz. :  —  I. 
Me>.m\u3  .^ronia,  with  the  leaves  hairy  ben(«th  ;  2.  Azarole.  witli  larpe  deep 
red  fruit ;  3.  Azarole,  with  yellowish  white  iruitj  4.  Azarole,  uith  long 
fruit  of  a  whitish  yellow  :  5.  Azarole,  with  double  flowers ;  and,  6.  the 
White  Ararole  of  Italy.  With  the  exception  of  the  first-mentioned,  none 
of  these  varieties,  as  far  as  we  know,  arc  in  British  gardens. 


a'na  Pert.    The  Morocco  Thorn, 


tmmwmtl     BoL  Rcf .,  VOi.iJIg.  TOT.  [c 


Sprc.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  wedge-shaped,  3-iobed,  and  pinnatifid,  glabrous, 
glandlcss.  Stipules  cut,  rather  palmately.  Flowers  upon  long  peduncles, 
in  cerminal  gla!>rous  corymba.  Sepals  obtuse.  Styles  'i.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A 
handsune  pyramidal  low  tree,  with  dark-coloured  branches.  Palestine,  on 
Mount  Sioai  and  St.  Catherine;  and  ?  Morocco.  Height  15ft.  to  35  ft. 
Flowers  pure  white,  very  fragrant  ;  May  and  June.  Fruit  scarlet  i  ripe  in 
OctiAer. 

Closjly  resembling  C.  Axariliu,  liut  smaller  in  nil  its  parts.  It  produces  its  - 
Uares  very  early  in  ihe  season,  m  mild  winters  even  in  January ;  and  it  retains 
tl«m  very  late.  It  is  a  smalt,  but  decided  tree,  and  may  te  considered  one 
of  the  handsoniest  tpecies  of  the  genus.    Horticultural  Socictv'e  Garden 


370  ABBOKETUM    ET   FRUTICETOM   DBITANNICUM. 


t  20.  C.  /Iro'ki*  Bote.    The  Aronia  Thom. 

UtiuiftMiM.    BoK  Inid. )  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  «2). ;  Don'i  Mill..  I,  p.  COI. 

".nniah,!!.    Fnoockc'i  Tnieli.  t.  M.  i  Bat.  Rig.,  in;, ;  fig.  TOe.  In  p. «». ;  Uk 
firlt.,  At  edit.,  «>].  •!.  i  end  onrjlf.  «K. 


spec.  Cltar.,  S[e,     Bnmchlets  pubescent.     Leaves  pubescent  on  the  under  sur- 
fiicc,  weilge-sliapeJ  at  the  base,  3-cleft  ;  lobes  obtuse,  entire,  each   cndinf 


XXVI.   S03ACE.C:   cratm'ovb.  371 

e  teeth.  Fruit  yellow.  (l}ce.  Prod.)  An  erect-branched 
low  tree.  Qreece  and  the  Lerant.  Height  15  ft.  to  £0  ft.  Introduced  in 
1S10.  Flowen  white;  May  and  June.  Haws  yellow, smooth,  large,  suc- 
culent, agreeable  to  eat ;  ripe  in  August  and  September,  and  hanfing  un 
the  tree  till  the  leavea  drop  in  November  or  December.  Naked  young 
■ood  durk-coloured. 


1  SI.  C.  orienta'lis  Bote.     The  Eastern  Thorn. 

Bo«  lonl.  I  Bol.  Vrf:  L  Ua  ;  TUm'a  Mill.,  1.  p.  GOO. 

Diptliil  Drtnlllll   Toum.  mad  Pair.  SMpjit.  4.  p.  T!.  ;  C.  odorWlHlmii  Bel.  Rrm,  tai 

.. ,  ...  Unanomii  TU,  0  udiici  Dec.  Proa.  1  p.  «9. 

(nivi.    Bot.  Big.,  1886. 1  jb.  KM.  Id  p.  MS.  i  I)ie  pliu  In  Arb.  Brit.,  In  edit..  lol.  Ti.i  mhI 
A.6H. 


Sprc.  Char.,  4v.  Branches  whitely  tomentoae.  Leaves  S-lobed,  downy  be- 
neath ;  the  two  aide  lobes  ovate,  and  having  tooth-like  incisions  at  the  tip : 
the  middie  lobe  trifid.  Stipules  brood  and  cut.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  low  spread- 
ii^tree.  Levant.  Height  ]  5  ft.  to  20  ft.  Introduced  in  1810.  Flowers 
white  ;  May  and  June.  Haws  numerous,  large,  yellowish  red  or  coral 
colour,  very  agreeable  to  the  taste ;  ripe  in  August  and  September,  and  re- 
'     rs  ailer  the  leaves. 


Fariely. 

1  C.  o-  2  tangvhea,  C.  sangtifnea  Sdtrader  Index  Sen.  Hort.  Acad.  Gott. 
1S34,  C.  orientalis  Lindi.  Bat.  Beg.  t.  1658.,  and  J!g.  709.  in  p. 
39S.,  has  the  imit  of  a  very  dark  purplish  red,  or  port  wine,  colour. 
Dr.  Lindluy  coniidera  this  "  the  genuine  Jtfdspilus  orientalis  of 
Toumefort,  with  villous  celery-iike  leaves,  and  a  large,  purple,  5- 
cornered,  smooth  fruit."  which  description,  we  thbk,  uidicates  rather 
BBS 


372  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BBITANNICUM. 

the  following  species.     It  is  a  native  of  the  Crimeit.  and  the  put) 

bonleriue  on  the  Black  Sea  :  and  was  introduced  in  1810,    On  i^r- 

count  of  the  colour  of  its  fruit,  and  the  abundance  in  which  it  ia 

produced,  it  deserves  a  place  in  every  collection. 

Readily  disiinguished  from  moat  other  species  by  its  very  hosrv  branches. 

which  are  loose,  rambling,  crosaing  each  other,  and  somewhat  pendulous.    It 

h  late  in  producing  its  leaves,  and  also  its  flowers  ■■  the  latter  generally  appear 

with  those  of  C.  tanacetifolia,  about  the  end  of  May  (in  1836,  oo  the  ITlhof 

l:  22.  C.  TANACETIFO'LIA  Pen.     The  Tansy-leaved  Thorn. 
MntlOaUim.    Pen.  Rrn.,  a.  p.  38.;  Dk.  Prtnl.,  !.  p.C».;  Don'!  Mill..  3.  p.  ail . 
Xyvmvmii.     HitfUat  ununtirMla  PoiT.  DM. «.  p.  440.,  and  }1.  Du  H«m. ;   V.  pinnlli !»-. 
Couri:  Sm.  KrM,  I.  St.  ;    DaCuiiInlla  doubu  whMhcr  Mtipllui  CeWdu  Diub.  Cam.  BupfJ 


"»-£ 


Uptc.  Char.,  ^.  Leaves  pinnatlfidly  cut,  haiiy ;  lobea  oblong,  acute,  haiing 
a  few  teeth.  Stpals  acutish,  reflesed,  hairy,  StjlcB  5.  Fruit  "lobose, 
yellowish  green.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  robust-fjrowing  iastigiate  tree,  with  up- 
rijfht  rigid  branches,  commonly  terminating  in  thorny  points.  Levant.  He^nt 
•ill  ft.  to  30  a.  Introduced  in  1789.  Flowcra  white  ;  May  and  June  Haw> 
large,  yellow  -,  ripe  in  October. 

I  C.  (.  2  gWftni  Lodd.  (j^.  711.  in  p.  399.!  liie  plate  in  Arb.  Brit,  1st 
edit.,  vol,  vi.;  and  our  £g.  659.)  has  shining  leaves,  and  fruit  about 
half  the  aiie  of  that  of  the  species,  of  a  reddish  yellow.  A  hybrid 
between  (,'.  tanacetifolia  end  C.  Oxyacantha.  Introduced  from  'Ger- 
nianyabout  1810. 

•t  C.t.3 Celnkna.  Jf^spiluB  Celaiitia  Dumont de  Cours.,  vol.  vii,  p.  286. : 
C.  t.  3  LeeiJno  Arb.  Brit,  lat  ed. ;  C.  inciaa  Lfe.  (J!g.  712.  in  ■ 
p.399. ;  plate  in  Arb.  Brit.,  Ist  edit.;  and  our /g.  660,)— Some- 
what resembling  C'.orientalia  ;  but  the  leaves  much  larger,  and  mote 
deeply  cut,  and  the  trees  of  a  more  robust,  erect,and  fastigialehibiu 
Fruit  large,  yellow.  Cultivated  by  Cels,  and  supposed  by  Dumont  de 
Courset  to  be  a  native  of  Persia  or  the  Levant.  Erroneously  said 
to  have  been  raised  in  the  Hammersmith  Nursery.     A  spleadid  tree. 


XXVI.   ROSA  CES  :    CRAJJE  OVS. 


laosi  striding  in  appearance,  from  iu  Iftfge  and  deepl;  ci 
nrong,  uprient,  Tigorous  shoots. 


biiage,  and  ii 


374 


itRBORETUU    ET    FRUTICKTUH    BRlTitNKICUH. 


The  leaves  nnd  caljxes  are  covered  on  both  side*  with  long  hain.  The 
globular  slightly  compressed  fruit  hui  somewhat  the  oppearence  of  bdng 
ribhed  like  a  melon  ;  is  larger  than  that  of  any  other  species  of  the  genus,  «- 
cept  C.  ^rdnia  and  C.  tuexic&na;  greenish  yellow  when  ripe  ;  and  easily  dis- 
tinguishable by  the  bracceas  gener^ly  adhering  to  it.  The  folii^  ia  the  latest 
in  appearing  of  any  of  the  ipecies,  except  C.  oriencMia,  fretjuently  eijuallylau. 

}  xi.    Heteroph^Ua. 
Sect.  Char.     Leaves  cuncate,  and  sub-persistenl.     Fruit  long,    middle-sized, 
and  crimson. 

r'LL*  Flugge.    The  variouB-leared  Thorn. 

».:  DM;Pr«l,l.p.G».i  Don-i  MUL.lp>an-; 
idl.lMT.i  ib-TIS.bip.S99.;  IM|iUi 


^jee.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  bright,  falling  ofT  late,  lanccolale-cuncale,  tootbcJ 
ut  the  apei,  3-cleft;  segments  serrate.  Tube  of  the  calyx  fuaifonn.  Cyoies 
manv-flowered.  Flowers  l-styled.  Frnit  ovate  including  one  nut,  with  a 
hard  bony  shell,  and  one  seed.  Stipules  large,  pinnatihd.  {IabiU.)  A  low 
tree,  with  ascending  branches.  Native  country  uncertain,  most  probably 
the  South  of  Eurojie  ;  possibly  a  hjrbrid  between  the  common  hawthorn, 
and  the  azurolc,  or  soiue  other  species.  Height  10  ft.  to  ^0  ft.  Oultivaipd 
in  1S16.  Flowers  white,  produced  in  great  abundance ;  May.  Fruit  rich 
crimson,  resembling  in  thape  that  of  the  common  hawthom,  but  narrower; 
ripe  in  September  and  October. 
A  very  handsome  and  most  desirable  species ;  producing  its  leaves   and 

flowers   early  in   the  spring,  and  retaining  its  leaves  and  miit  till  the  first 

■utumnal  fixMts. 


XXVI.  rosaczm:  cratjegvs. 


§  xiL    Oxyadrdlia:. 


375 


SeeL  Char.  Leaves  obovate,  trifid,  or  variouslj  cut.  Flowers  numerous,  in 
corymbs.    Fruit  generally  red. 

If  24.  C  Oxtaca'ntha  L.    The  sharp-thomed  Crataegus,  or  comrron 

Hawthorn* 

Maaifkaaon.    Lin.  Sp.,  68S. ;  Dec.  Prod,  2.  p.  6M. ;  Don'*  Mill.,  2.  p.  600. 

Sfnemyma.  The  PrracanUia  of  the  Greeks  ;  AfespUiu  Oxyacinth))  Carrin.  and  N.  Du  Ham. ; 
E'pLDe  blanche,  noble  B'pine.  Bols  de  Mai,  Scuelleir  AaMpine,  N^fller  Aub6pine,  Fr.\  Hagedorn, 
gniieiner  Weittdom,  Ger. ;  Hagetoan,  Dan. ;  H^getorn,  ouredjj  Acanta  da  liepc,  Aitarolo  sal- 
vatico,  and  Blanco  Spino,  Hal. ;  Espino  bianco,  Span. ;  "White  Thorn,  Maybuth,  Quick,  Quickset, 
Hay. 

DtrimtlioH.  Booth  derlTe*  the  word  Haw  from  kage,  or  A«y,  a  hedge;  consequently  he  makes 
hawthorn  signify  hedgetbom.  Quick  signifies  IWe ;  and  was,  probably,  applied,  fVom  lire  hedges 
made  of  hawthorn  being  used  instead  of  fences  of  dead  branches  of  trees.  Whitethorn,  from  the 
profusion  of  Its  white  £>wcn  and  Its  being  thorny,  or  posslblr  from  Its  white  bark,  as  compared 
vltb  that  of  the  blackthorn,  Friinus  spinftsa.  May  and  MaTbush  have  reference  both  to  the  time  of 
flowering  of  the  plant,  and  to  Its  use  In  the  May  or  floral  games.  The  French  name  Aub^pine, 
refers  to  Its  flowering  in  spring,  or  in  wh^  may  poetically  be  called  the  morning  of  the  year ; 
mAe  signifying  the  dawning  of  the  day. 

EmrrMmfM.  G*rtn.  Fruct,,  2.  t  S7. ;  Eng.  Bot.,  t.  2054. ;  Jig.  7IS.  In  p.  400. ;  the  plate  in  Arb. 
BrlL,  1st  odlc,  toI.  r\. ;  and  our>1|g.  662. 


66S.    C.  Oxj9ctxaiuL, 

Spec,  Ckar,^  S^c,  Leaves  obovate-wedge-shaped,  almost  entire,  or  trifid  or  cut, 
glabrous,  rather  glossy.  Corymbs  of  several  flowers.  Sepals  glandless, 
acute.  Stvlea  1 — 3.  {Dec,  Prod,)  A  shrub  or  low  tree.  Europe,  com- 
mon in  hedges,  and  varying  much  in  different  situations.  Flowers  white  ; 
May.     Haws  red  or  scarlet ;  ripe  in  September. 

Varielies,  These  are  very  numerous,  and  some  of  them  very  distinct.  In  the 
following  enumeration  we  have  confined  ourselves  to  such  as  we  have  ac- 
tually seen  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  or  in  the  arboretum  of  Messrs. 
Loddiges. 

A.  Varieties  SJvnngJrom  the  Species  in  the  general  Form  and  Mode  of  Growth, 

t  C.  O.  2  Miricta  Lodd.  Cat.,  C.  O.  rigida  BonaUU,  (the  plate  in  Arb.  Brit. , 

B  B  4 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


4 


1st  edit.,  vol.  vi.  i  and  our J!g.  663.)  has  the  shoots  upright,  inJ  ihe 
general  babit  as  faHtigiate  as  that  of  a  Lombarily  poplar.  It  vu 
discoTered  in  a  bed  of  scedJings  in  MesarB.  Ronald's  Sutsery,  about 
I82d,  and  forriK  a  very  distinct  and  diisiiable  variety. 
T  C.  O.  3  penduia  Lodd.  Cat.  has  drooping  branches.  A  very  mariicd 
variety  of  (his  kind,  wKich  was  selected  trom  a  bed  of  seedlings  hv 
General  Moocktoo,  is  laid  to  be  in  tbe  collection  of  thorns  at  Somer- 
fordHaU. 


B  Mary's  Tkom.     (The  plate  of  the  tree  it 
1  oar  fig.  864- ) — The  parent  tree  is  ii 


XXVI.    RnSACEJE:    CRATIEOVS.  OH 

a  garJen  near  Edinburgh,  which  once  belonged  to  the  Regent  Murray. 
Ic  is  very  old,  and  iU  branches  hare  aomuwhat  of  a  drooping  chii- 
racter  ;  but  wbelber  sutGcieiitly  so  to  constitute  a  variety  worth 
propagating  as  a  dittincc  kind  appears  to  ua  ver^  douhtliil.   (Ladd. ) 

T  CO.  5  Cc/ninnNbr/.  isalsoBODiewhat  fabtigiatem  its  habit-,  but  it  is 
a  much  more  slender -i;ro wing  plant;  nud  we  have  never  seen  a  ape- 
cimen  in  a  situation  where  it  could  display  iia  oatuial  form  and  mode 
of  growth. 

t  C.  O,  6  capilnia  Smith  of  Ajr  difTefH  from  the  species  chiefly  in  being 
of  a  soniewhat  more  iastigiate  habit,  and  in  producing  its  flowers  in 
close  heads,  mostly  at  the  extremities  of  its  branches. 

t  C.  O.  TJtrxaota  Smith  of  Ayr  has  the  small  branches  twbted  in  a  lig- 
zag  manner.    Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

B.  VarMet  differing  in  the  Colour  of  the  Ftmert. 

f  C.  O.  Srwrfl  Hort. ;  E'pinier  Marron,  Fr.  (jfg.  785.  in  p.  401.)  i  has 
the  petals  pink,  with  white  chiws,  and  is  a  well-known  and  very 
beautiful  variety.     . 

'  C.  O,  9  piivScea  Lodd.  Cat.,  C.  O,  rosea  sop^rba  Hort.,  has  lai^er  pe- 
tals, which  are  of  a  dark  red,  and  without  white  oa  the  claws. 

C.   Varietiet  differing  in  the  Deveiopeninit  or  Structure  of  the  Flowert. 
T  CO.  10  wi/fip/M  Hort.,  CO.  fldrepl^no //or/,  (j^.  722.  in  p.  401.). 
■    has  double  while  flowers,  which  die  off  of  a  beautifid  pink  ;  and 

which,  being  produced  in  greet  profusion,  and  lasting  a  long  time, 

render  this  a  most  desirable  variety  :  accordingly,  it  is  to  be  found 

in  almost  every  shrubbery  and  garden. 
T  C.  0. 11  pvyiictajlore  p/cno  Hort. — Flowers  double,  nearly  as  dark  and 

brilliant  as  C.  O.  punicea.     Imported  in  7  IS38,  by  Mr.  Masters  of 

Canterbury. 
t  C. O.  12  mondgyna,  C.  mon6gjna  Jacg,,  haa  flowers  with  onljj  one 

style,  like  C.  O.  sibfrica,  but  does  not  flower  early  like  that  variety. 
T  C.  O.  13  apilala  Lodd.  Cat.  —This  remarkable  vanety  has  the  flowen 

without  petals,  or  very  nearly  so. 

D,  VarieHet  diffcriag  in  the  T^me  tff  Flouieriiig. 

*  C  O.  14  pne'eai  Hort.,  the  Glastonbury  Thorn,  comes  into  leaf  in 

January  or  February,  and  sometimes  even  in  autumn ;  so  that  occa- 
sionally, in  mild  seasons,  it  may  be  in  flower  on  Christmas-day, 
I  C  O.  IS  libirica,  C.  sibirica  Lodd.  C 

(Jig.  665.),  is  an  early  leafing  varie 

In   mild  seasons,  it  begins  to  pu 

January ;  and  in  dry  summers  it 

loses  them  proportionately  iood 

in  the  autumn.     On  account  of 

its  early  leafinj;  and  flowering,  it 

well  merits  a  place  in  collections. 

The  flowers  have  only  one  style ;  * 

but,  as  there  are  other  varieties   ' 

bacir^  only  one  style  which  do 

not   flower   early,  we  have  not 

adopted  LinnseuVs  name  of  C, 

moDdgyna  to   this  lariety,    but  la.  c.i>.iibiiii^ 

to  another,  a  native  of  Britain, 

which  does  not  flower  earlier  than  the  common  hawthorn. 
T  C.  O.  \e  trantj/ltiamca  Booth,  from  the  plant  in  the  Hort,  8oc.  Garden, 

appears  to  be  nearly,  if  not  quite,  the  same  as  C.  O.  sibfrica. 


8  ARBORETUM  ET   PRUTICETUM  BRITANNtCUH. 

E.  VaHcliei  difering  in  i/ie  Colour  of  He  Fhat. 
t  C-  O.  17  vielanocarpa.C.  ffsaa  Z-w,  C.  Oxyacintlia  platypbylla  LM. 
Cat.,   C.  platyphylla   Lindl.   io   £ol.    Reg.   t.  1S74.,    (^.  71B.  in 
p.  400. ;  the  plate  ID  Arb.Brit.,  Istediu  vuL  vi.,  and  our  j^.  666.) 


alio  bu  the  Ihiit  black,  as  the  name  implies.  It  difien  (rom  the 
precediog  variety  chiefly  in  being  of  more  vigorous  growLb  ;  in  baring 
Its  leaves  of  a  deep  nch  green,  and  in  flowering  a  week  lattf.  A 
splendid  low  tree,  deserving  a  place  in  every  collection. 


T  C.  O.  IS  Ofiiwriina  ■   C.  Oliveri^nn  Bosc,  Dec  Prod.  ii.  p.630^  and 


XXVl.    aoSA  CEJE  :    CRATS  OVi.  379 

Don's  Kfill.  ii.  p.60I.;  C.  OliT^rin  Lodd.  Cat. ;  C.oTieatilia  Lodd. 
Cat.,  Bot.  Reg.  t.  1953.  (/Ig.  719.  in  p.  400. ;  the  plate  in  Arb.  Brit., 
1st  edit.,  vol.Ti. ;  and  our  j^.  667.) ;  has  the  leaves  amall  and  hoary, 
and  the  fruit  also  small  and  black.    A  very  distinct  variety.  Hort.  Sue. 

t  C.  O.  19  ail™  Hon.,  C.  flava  Hori.  {fig.  783.  in  p.  401.),  has  the 
leaves  like  C.  O,  obtusata,  and  the  fruit  roundish,  and  of  a  golden 
fellow.  This  it  a  very  distinct  variety,  and  ought  never  to  be  omitted 
ID  collections. 

1  C.  O.  20  aurantiaca  Booth  is  said  to  have  orange-coloured  fruit ;  but 
there  are  only  small  plants  of  it  in  the  London  gardens.  Mr.  Wil- 
son found,  in  AyTBhire,  a  variety  with  greenish  orange  fruit.  (Hiick.) 

T  C.  O.  81  tencoc&rpa,  a  variety  with  white  haws,  is  said  to  have  been 
discovered  in  a  hedge  near  Bampton,  in  Oxfordshire ;  but  we  have 
never  seen  it. 

F.   Farietia  differing  m  hamng  (he  Fruit  UHxIly. 
T  &  O.  82  eriocarpa  Lindl,  C.  eriocirpa  Lodd.  Cat,  (jlg.  720.  in  p.  400. ; 
the  plate  in  Arb.  Brit.,  1  at  edit.,  vol.  vi,;  and  ourj^.  668.),  is  a  robust 


rapidly  growing  variety,  with  large  leaves,  and  strong  thick  shoots ; 
a  clear  white  bark,  and  few  thorns.  It  is  very  prolific  in  Howers, 
and  tbe  fruit  which  succeeds  them  is  woolly  in  its  young  state,  but 
not  large.  If  ever  the  hawthorn  should  be  cultivated  tor  its  timber, 
to  supply  the  wood-engravers  as  a  substitute  for  box,  this  variety 
and  C.  O.  meianocirpa  vrill  deserve  the  preference.     Hort.  Soc. 

0.  VarieHet  differing  in  the  Farm  of  the  Leaver. 
T  C.  O.  23  obliudia    Dec.  Prod.;  JWispilus   Oxyac&Dtha  integrif&rH 

Wallr.  Sched.  219.  ;  C.  DxyacanlhoideB  TAuiU.  Fl.  Par.  843.,  Sol. 
Reg.  t.  lias,,  Dec.  Fl.  Ft.  VI.  p.  433.;  C.  Oxyacinlha  Ft.  Dan.  t. 
336.;  the  French  hawthorn.  (j%.  714.  in  p.  389.;  the  plate  in  Arb. 
Brit,  1st  edit.,  vol.  vi.;  nnd  ourj!|.  669.)  —  Leaves  rather  rhomb- 
duped  at  the  base,  obovate,  undiTided,  or  with  three  obtuse  lobes, 


380  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

\ 


crenate,  of  the  same  colour  on  both  surraces.  Styles  1—3,  Fruit 
containing  more  than  I  seed.  DiGtinguished  from  the  species  bj  its 
smaller,  obovate,  less  cut,  flat,  and  shining  leaves.  C.  lucida  SmilA 
of  Ayr,  C.  oxyac&ntholdes  lilcida  Sweet,  is  Scarcely  or  not  at  all  dif- 
ferent from  thii  variety. 
1  C.  O,  24  qiia-qfSlia  Booth  (J^.  721.  in  p.  401.)  appears  very  distinct 
in  regard  to  foliage. 


t  C.  O.  2i  lacini'iita,  C.  Uciiiiata  Lodd.  Cat    ',/fe.  716.  in  p.  400.; 


XXVI.    HOSA^CEiE:    CBAT^^GUS.  381 

{>late  in  Arb.  Brit,  1st  edit.,  vol.  vi.;  and  our /ig.  670.),  has  finely  cut 
eaves  ;  the  shoots  are  comparatively  slender,  the  plant  less  robust, 
and  the  fruit  smaller,  than  in  the  species.  It  is  a  very  distinct  and 
elegant  variety. 
f  C.  O.  36  pUrktifblia,  C.  jJterifolia  Lodd,  Cat.  (Jig.  717.  in  p.  400.), 
resembles  the  preceding,  but  the  leaves  are  longer  in  proportion  to 
their  breadth,  and  more  elegantly  cut. 
Y  C.  O.  27  oxyph^Ua  Monckton.  —  Leaves  much  larger  than  those  of  the 
species.  Kaised  by  Greneral  Monckton,  at  Someribrd,  in  ?  1837. 
Horticultural  Society's  Ghirden. 

H.  Varieties  differing  hi  the  Colour  of  the  Leaves. 

t  C.  O.  28  foSis  aureis  Lodd.  Cat.,  C,  lutescens  Booth,  has  leaves  varie- 
gated with  yellow  ;  but  they  have  generally  a  ragged  and  diseased 
appearance,  when  fully  expanded  ;  though,  like  those  of  most  other 
variegated  deciduous  plants,  when  first  opening  in  spring,  they  are 
strikingly  showy  and  distinct. 

't  G.  O.  29  folOs  argerUeis  Hort.  has  leaves  variegated  with  white ;  but, 
like  the  preceding  variety,  it  cannot  be  recommended  as  handsome  at 
any  other  period  than  when  the  leaves  are  first  expanding. 

t  C.  O.  30  lucida,  — ^We  apply  this  name  to  a  very  distinct  and  very 
beautifuUIeaved  variety,  which  forms  a  standard  in  the  southern 
boundary  hedge  of  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  and  which,  we  trust,  will 
soon  be  propagated  in  the  nurseries.  The  leaves  are  large,  regularly 
cut,  somewhat  coriaceous  in  texture,  and  of  a  fine  shining  green. 
The  plant  is  of  vigorous  growth. 

The  common  hawthorn,  in  its  wild  state,  is  a  shrub  or  small  tree,  with  a 
smooth  bark  and  very  hard  wood.  The  rate  of  growth,  when  the  plant  is 
young,  and  in  a  good  soil  and  climate,  is  from  1  foot  to  2  or  3  feet  a  year, 
for  the  first  three  or  four  years ;  afterwards  its  growth  is  slower,  till  the 
shrub  or  tree  has  attained  the  height  of  12  or  15  feet,  when  its  shoots  are 
produced  chiefly  in  a  lateral  direction,  tending  to  increase  the  width  of  the 
Dead  of  the  tree  rather  than  its  height.  In  a  wild  state,  it  is  commonly 
found  as  a  large  dense  bush  ;  but,  pruned  by  accident  or  design  to  a  single 
stem,  it  forms  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  durable  trees  of  the  third  rank 
that  can  be  planted:  interesting  and  valuable  for  its  sweet-scented  flowers 
in  May,  and  for  its  fruit  in  autumn,  which  supplies  food  fbr  some  of  the 
smaller  birds  during  part  of  the  winter.  In  hedges,  the  hawtiiorn  does  not 
flower  and  fruit  very  abundantly  when  closely  and  frequently  clipped ;  but, 
when  the  hedges  are  only  cut  in  at  the  sides,  so  as  to  be  kept  within  bounds, 
and  the  summits  of  the  plants  are  left  free  and  untouched,  they  flower  and 
fruit  as  freely  as  when  trained  as  separate  trees.  The  plant  lives  for  a  cen- 
tury or  two,  and  there  are  examples  of  it  between  40  fb.  and  50  ft.  in  height, 
with  trunks  upwards  of  3  fl.  in  diameter  at  1  ft.  from  the  ground. 

The  wood  of  the  hawthorn  is  very  hard,  and  difficult  to  work  :  its  colour 
is  white,  but  with  a  yellowish  tinge ;  its  grain  is  fine,  and  it  takes  a  beautiful 
polish ;  but  it  is  not  much  used  in  the  arts,  because  it  is  seldom  found  of  suf- 
ficient size,  and  is,  besides,  apt  to  warp.  It  weighs,  when  green,  68  lb.  12  oz. 
per  cubic  foot ;  and,  when  dry,  57  lb.  5  oz.  It  contracts,  by  drying,  one 
e^th  of  its  bulk.  It  is  employed  for  the  handles  of  hammers,  the  teeth 
of  mill-wheels,  for  flails  and  mallets,  and,  when  heated  at  the  fire,  for  canes 
and  walking-sticks.  The  branches  are  used,  in  the  country,  for  heating 
ovena  ;  a  purpose  for  which  they  are  very  proper,  as  they  give  out  much  heat, 
and  possess  the  property  of  burning  as  readily  when  green,  as  in  their  drv 
state.  They  are  not  less  useful  in  the  formation  of  dead  hedges,  for  the 
protection  of  seeds,  or  of  newly  planted  live  hedges  or  single  trees ;  and 
they  will  last  a  considerable  time  without  decaying ;  especially  when  they  have 
been  cut  in  autumn*    The  leaves  are  eaten  bv  cattle,  which,  nevertheless,  pay 


382  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 

some  regard  to  the  spines  by  which  they  are  defended.  The  fruit  is  astringeot 
By  far  the  most  important  use  of  the  hawthorn  is  as  a  hedge  plant.  For 
this  purpose,  it  is  planted  in  single  or  in  double  lines,  most  commonly  along 
the  margin  of  a  ditch ;  though,  however  convenient  this  may  be  with  respect 
to  fencing  the  plants  when  young,  and  draining  the  soil,  it  is  a  great  draw- 
back to  their  progress  afterwards,  by  preventing  their  roots  from  extending 
themselves,  except  on  one  side ;  and,  by  the  drainage  of  the  ditch,  it  also 
deprives  them  of  their  natural  share  of  moisture.  Wherever  thorn  hedges 
are  planted,  and  intended  to  thrive,  the  ground  ought  to  be  trenched  at 
least  2  ft.  in  depth,  manured  if  poor,  and  the  plants  inserted  on  a  flat  sur- 
face, so  as  to  receive  and  retain  the  whole  of  the  moisture  that  falls  from  die 
heavens. 

The  hawthorn  will  do  no  good  unless  planted  in  a  soil  naturally  dry  and 
fertile,  or  that  has  been  rendered  so  by  art.  The  plant  is  never  found  natu- 
rally on  a  wet  soil ;  and,  if  planted  on  such  a  soil,  it  soon  becomes  stunted, 
and  covered  with  lichens  and  moss.  The  situation  should  be  airy ;  but  it 
will  grow  either  in  exposed  places,  or  in  such  as  are  sheltered,  and  even  some- 
what shaded,  by  other  trees.  In  cases  of  this  kind,  however,  it  neither  fonns 
a  handsome  tree,  nor  a  close  thick  hedge. 

The  species  is  almost  always  propagated  by  seeds,  but  sometimes  by  cat- 
tings  of  the  roots ;  which,  when  about  half  an  inch  in  thickness,  and  1  ft.  or 
1 8  in.  in  length,  and  planted  with  the  root  end  undermost,  speedily  make 
large  plants.  Where  old  thorn  plants  are  taken  up,  the  roots  may  always  be 
us^  for  forming  new  hedges ;  but  it  must  be  acknowledged  that,  as  they  do 
not  all  send  up  shoots  equally,  some  remaining  a  year  in  the  ground  before 
they  do  so,  the  preferable  mode  is  to  plant  them  in  a  nursery  for  the  first 
year ;  or,  if  this  is  not  done,  they  ought  to  be  planted  thick,  so  as  to  make 
allowance  for  some  not  pushing  till  the  second  year,  and  some  not  pushing 
at  all. 

When  the  hawthorn  is  to  be  raised  from  seed,  the  haws  should  not  be 
gathered  till  they  are  dead  ripe ;  which  will  be  in  October  or  Norember.    As 
many  haws  contain  more  than  one  seed,  they  ought  not  to  be  put  in  the 
ground  entire,  but,  if  they  are  to  be  sown  immediately,  they  must  be  mace- 
rated in  water  till  the  pulp  is  separated  from  the  nuts  ;  and  the  latter  should 
then  be  mixed  with  dry  sand,  to  kee[)  them  separate,  and  to  enable  the  sower 
to  scatter  them  equally  over  the  surface.    But,  as  the  Feeds  do  not  come  up 
till  the  second  year,  a  saving  of  ground  is  made  by  keeping  them  the  first 
year  in  a  heap,  technically  called  a  rot-heap,  mixed  with  a  si&cient  quantity 
cf  soil,  to  prevent  them  trom  heating,  and  to  facilitate  the  decomposition  of 
the  pulp.    These  heaps  are  kept  in  the  open  air,  and  exposed  to  the  full 
influence  of  the  weather ;  care  being  token  to  turn  them  over  freqaendy,  at 
least  once  a  month,  so  as  to  equalise  this  influence.    M^en  the  seeds  are 
not  to  be  prepared  in  a  heap,  they  should  be  sown  in  November  or  Decern* 
ber,  as  soon  as  separated  from  the  pulp ;  but,  when  they  are  to  be  separated 
by  decomposition  in  a  heap,  they  neecl  not  be  sown  till  the  February,  or  even 
the  March,  of  the  second  year ;  by  which  means  fifteen  or  sixteen  months'  use 
of  the  soil  is  saved.    They  may  be  sown  thinly  in  beds,  the  seeds  being  scat* 
tered  so  as  to  lie  about  1  in.  apart  every  way,  and  covered  about  a  quarter  of 
an  inch.     The  nursery  culture  required  is  mere  routine.     Hawthorns  ought 
always  to  be  two  years  transplanted  before  they  are  employed  for  hedges; 
younger  and  untransplanted  plants,  though  cheaper  to  purchase,  are  always 
the  most  expensive  to  the  planter,  as  they  require  temporary  protection  for  a 
longer  period.    As  stocks,  hawthorn  plants  may  be  treated  like  stocks  for 
fruit  trees  ;  and  the  different  species  and  varieties  may  be  budded  and  grafted 
on  them,  either  for  dwarfs  or  standard  high,  in  a  similar  manner.     Not  only 
the  different  species  of  Cratae^gus,  but  those  of  iliespilus,  S6rbus,  P^nis,  and 
even  ilf^lus,  Cyddnia,  Ameldnchier,  Eriob6trya,  and  others,  may  be  grafted  on 
the  common  hawthorn;    and  in  this  way  field  hedges  might  be  rendered 
ornamental,  and  even  productive  of  useful  fruits. 


XXVI.   B08A  CEIE  :    CRAT*  GU8,  383 

j  xiii.   Parvifolue. 
SkI.  CSar,     LesTea  smaU,  ovate,   aerratcd  or  notched,  but  scarcelj  lobed. 
Fruit  green,  or  greenish  y ellow  ;  rather  lai^e,  hard. 

•  85,  C.  pabvifo'lia  Ail.     The  smalUeRved  Thom. 

Ain*;  C.  (lllju,  illlUHi,  ta- 
mUhUM,  Mrtdi,  Unirii.  LoW. 
CM:  OmKbtrtT-lnndTtaonii  ' 

<WrB^j.'    TnwEhr..  1.  ir.! 

DamrSrit^  t.  SS.  1  our  A-  671.  i 

■ndA.Tn.iDpW);  I 

^ic.   CAor^   rjc.      Leaves 

ond-lanceolate,    incisely 

Krrated,  and  pubescent. 

Fowera  mostly  eolitar}'. 

BrtnchletE   and    calyxes 

vilicwe.     Stipules  bristle- 

like.      Scpeia    seirutcd. 

Fruit  almost  top-shaped, 

j^ellow,     or      yellowish 

fireeii.      Nuts  5.    (Dec. 

Pnd.)       A   low   shrub. 

Konh  America,  New  Jersey  to  Carolina, 

4ft.  to  6(1.     Introduced  preriously  to   1713. 

Jdik,  rather  later  than  in  most  other  ape- 

dea.    Haws  large,  greenish  yellow;  ripe  in 

November,  often  hanging  on   the  tree  ell 

the  winter. 


•  C.  p.  8  JIMda.  C.  flfirida  Lodd.  Cat. 
{j%.  78fl.  in  p.40a.,  and  our  J!g. 
672.),  bail  the  leaves  and  fruit  some- 
what smaller  and  rounder  than  those 
of  the  species. 
m    C.  p.   3  gmitdariafdtiat    C.   linearis 

Lodd.  Cat,  (J!g.l28.  in  p. 402.,  and  oar /g.  673.),  has  the  le 
lobcd,  and  somewhat  like  those  of  the  gooseberry. 
These  varieties  run  so  much  into  /-,    /^  '^l'^ 

one  another,  that,  unless  they  are  f}!<f.l-\l'y 

seen  together  in  a  hving  state,  as  ■*  X\ 

in   Messrs.  Loddiges's   arbaretum,  A\ 

it  is  difficult  to  distinguish  them  \A        _ 

from    the    species,  or  from    each  li  J  z^^^SS^^^i 

other ;  for,  however  different  the  ^  1    '.^^^-=^^^~f>^ 

leaves  way  appear  in  our  figures  \  JLi^' 

(see  p.  402.),  all  the  forms  of  these  ^^^ 

may  occaaioiially  be  found  on  the 
nme  plant;  and  some  plants  of 
esch  varietv  are  wholly  without 
■pines,  while  in  others  the  Epines 
trc  very  numerous.  As  all  of  them 
se  small  plants,  wiih  flowers  laise 
ia   proportion  to  the  size  of  the 

iaves,  they  are  well  adapted  for  exemplifying  the  genus  CVats'gus 
ure  arboretum. 


384  AHBOnETUM    ET    FRUTICElfM    BRITANNICUU. 

•  26.  C.  virgi'nica  Lodd.     The  Virgini.m  TTiom. 

Iitcnlfflralton.    Lodd.  Cit.,  rd.  1990,  and  H.  lAX. 

iVi»>>f  mri.    C.  rlrglDl^a  Horl^   C.  •patliuliU  Mlcla.  and  Lmil.  But.  Erf  1.  IHa  1  C  XiUII 

in^rai-Awi-    Bol.ne(.,l.  iSM.;A-ra>.liip.<01;  indoiirjfc.07».  ' 

Spec.  Char.,  <S^c,     Leaves  obovate,  cuneate,  ({labrous,  shining,   notched,  but 

nor.  lobed  ;  small.     Fruit  round,'  rather  larger  than  a  common  huv,  grocn. 

A  low  shrub.   Virpnia.    Hdght  4fl.  to  5  ft.    Introduced  in  1BI2.  Flo-en 

while  ;  June.     Fruit  green ;    October,  often   remaining  on  the  bnuichcs 

during  tlie  winter. 


The  plantbearsageneral  resemblance  toC.apathul4ta(No.  17.)  in  iu  folia|e 

and  habit  of  growth  ;  but  the  foliaie  of  the  latter  is  lobed,  wliile  that  aS  the 
former  is  entire.  The  fruit  of  C.  virgfnica  is,  also,  six  times  larger  than  thu 
of  C.  spatliulatB ;  an<t  is  of  a  dark  green,  while  the  other  is  of  a  briihl  red. 
The  blossoms  and  fruit  of  f.  virglnica  are,  nlso,  produced  in  corymbs  of  twos 
and  threes  ;  while  those  of  C.  spalhulatn  consist  of  a  considerable  Dumber  of 
Unwcrs.  The  ajieciea  difler,  also,  in  the  foliage  )  which  in  C  spathulikta  hai 
long  winged  fuot:<talkE,  nhile  in  C.  virglnica  the  footstalks  arc  siiort  and  slen- 
der. ( See  the  leaves  of  C.  virginica  ^g.  Tiao.  in  p,  402.,  and  of  C.  ^thnlat* 
fg.  70i.  in  p.  396.) 

j  xiv,     Meximita. 
Sed.  Cliar.    Leaves  large,  Oval-lanceolate,  notched  and  serrated.    Fruit  Urge, 
green  or  greenish  yellow. 

1  I   27,  C.  hexica'ka  Mac.  el  Seae.     The  Mexican  Thorn. 
J-l'^li/lalioit.    Hoc.  M  SeiH  FL  Vn.  ken.  intdll. ;  Q«:.  Prod.,  a.  p.  «&. ;  Sin,  BiiL  FL-Gtfd., 

Summymti.    C.  iIlpullMK  /jhW.  Cal.,  ite  Gari.  Mae.  li.  p.  SM, !  C.  I-imbertiJiia  Hon. 

E-frninci.  Swl,  Bril  FI..G«id.,MKr.  l.aiO.  i  Cot.  Reg  .  1. 1910.;  our;^.  Jja  io  p  «».-  ik* 
pl.ite  oHhl)  ipscLet  in  Arb.  Urit.,  Ill  rdlt.,  >al-  'I. ;  nod  our  >[f .  eti. 

Spec-  Char.,  g;c:.  Leaves  oval-lanceolate,  notched  and  serrated  ;  acuminate, 
somewhat  ciliated  at  the  base.  Petioles  short,  channeled,  and  with  > 
winged  margin.  Stipules  stalked.  Corymbs  terminal.  Petals  scarcely 
lon^r  thun  the  c^cine  teeth,  Staniens  varying  from  10  to  15.  Styles 
2,  or  rarely  4>.  fruit  krgc,  pale  green,  or  yellowish,  when  ripe;  and, 
with  the  leaves,  remaining  on  the  tree  all  the  winter  in  sheltered  situa- 
tions. Handsume,  and  resembling  a  small  apple,  but  not  good  to  eat.  A 
low  tree  ;  evergreen  against  a  wall,  and  sub-evergreen  as  a  standard  in  the 
climate  of  London,  and  southwards.  Mexico,  on  table  lands.  Hdght  SO  h. 
toaoft.!  in  British  gardens  10ft.  to  15ft.  Introduced  in  1684.  Flowcw 
Iht^l-,  white  I  June.  Fruit  large,  pale  green,  ripening  agunst  a  wall  in  October, 


XXTI.   ROSA  CES  :    CHATX  QUB. 


A  Femarluble  and  very  handBome  specieB,  resembting,  in  general  appearance, 
^^iliu  grendifl6ra. 


§  XV. 

Seei.  dor.     Leaves  oval-laoceolate,  glabrous,  entire,  unall,  evergteen.     Fruit 
trainerous,  of  a  bright  coral  colour. 

•  28.  C.  Ptbaca'ntha  Pert.     The  fiery  Tbom,  or  Pyracanlha. 
JHn^laiMM.    Pen.5fn.,  3.  p.ff.tPaU.  n.  RoH..  I.  p.  ».;  DecProd..  l.p.  rae.  iDan'iHIll., 

%nrw).    Vfnniu  l>fnciiiUu  L.  i  noincn  Tbom  i  fioluon  tiieM,  Fr. ;  imuargrtln  Hli- 

V^Grr.-.Apttlao,  Jul 
w^i  "■ ■J^'    Lob-  Uoa^  i.  p.  JtH.  C 

■nd  outjv-  eie. 
^>te.  Cbar^  ^c.  Evergreen.  Leares  glubroua,  ovate-lance- 
olate,  crenate.  Lobes  of  the  calyx  obtuse.  Styles  5. 
Fruit  globose,  tcarlet,  ornamental  j  continuiiig  a  good  vhile 
upon  the  plant;  which,  on  account  of  the  colour  of  its 
fruit,  and  of  'ua  being  a  shrub,  is  called  in  France  Buisson 
ardent.  {Dec.  Prod.)  An  evergreen  ^rub.  South  of  | 
Ruropr,  in  rugged  places  and  hedges.  Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft. 
lutroduced  in  16S9.  Flowers  white;  May.  Fruit  red; 
ripe  jo  September. 

,    Variety. 

m   C.P.2crenulala,   C.cTmu]ktaHorl.  —  A  plant  bearing  ' 

thii  name  in  the  Horc.  Soc.  Gard.  differs  very  little  from  the  species. 
The  dowers  and  fruit  are  produced  in  large  corymbs,  which  are  very  omn- 
nental :  and  the  fruit  remains  on  all  the  winter,  especially  when  the  shrub  is 
tnincci  (gainst  a  well.  The  berries  are  bitter,  and  are  not  so  greedily  eaten 
h  btrdi  as  those  of  some  other  kinds,  luiless  in  very  severe  winters.  The 
ftant  ia  vo^hardj,  and,  in  the  open  garden,  forma  a  handsome  evergreen  bush; 
Md,  if  gralted  ataudard  high  on  the  common  hawthorn,  it  would  form  a  most 
dtairable  eveipven  low  tree. 


[    ET    FItUTlCETUM   IlHITANNtCUH. 


XXVI.    ROiA  CE£  :    CRAT.C  OVS. 


Crabi'jftu  eoeebita  cordlUna,  and  C.  e.  indeioAla.     The  f:on\-fntittd 
Thorn,  and  the  indented-&atwtf  Thora. 


3rB  ARBORETUM    ET    PKUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

Crata'gu*  glandiilota,  and  C.  g.  mbeil^M.     The  glandular  Tliorn,  aiid 
the  subvillose-feoret/  glandular  Thorn. 


XXVI.    AOSA  CBX  I    CRAT£  UU5. 


Cnta'ffut  pumndla,  and  C.  pyrifbHa.     The  dotied-Jruiied  Thom,  i 
ihe  rear-leaved  Tliorn. 


AKBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


XXVI.  rosacem:  crat^ous. 

CnbB'gut  Cri$-gdUi,  et  var.    The  Cock's-gpiir  Thorn,  and  ita 
Leaves  and  Ihiit  of  the  nHtnral  size. 


392  aruohetum  et  fruticetum  britannicum. 

Crala'gm  t^gra,  and  C.  purpurea.     Th&Uack-fruUtd  Thorn,  aniJ  the 
patple-broTKhed  Thorn. 


XXVI.  aosaceje:  cbatagus.  393 

Cntm'gut  purpirea  attaiea,- and  C.  Dougldsii.     The  Altaic  purple- 

branehed  Thorn,  and  Douglas'a  Thorn. 

Leaves  and  fruit  of  the  natural  size. 


394  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUM. 

Crabt'ffut  fiara,  and  C.  lobata.     The  yeWow-Jruited  Thorn,  anil  tlie 

iohed -Itaved  Thorn. 

Lenvis  arid  fnut  of  the  nntural  size. 


XXVI.    BOSA  CZS. :    CRKTXOVS.  &Sb 

CTala''ifu»  triloltata,  and  C.  apiiJoUa.    The  tliree-lobed-Zmuei^  Tbom, 
and  the  Fanley-leaved  Thorn. 


96  ARBOREl'UM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

Cralte'gtu  eorddla,  and  C.  fp<itAuliUa.    The  heart-cAopeEf-Zeaca/ 
Thorn,  and  the  apattuila-ibaped-leaved  Thorn. 


XXTI.   S08\^CEJE:    CRATX'aUS.  39i 

CfOte^^tM  Azarolus,  C>  Art^to,  and  C.  nuiroecana.    llie  Azarole 

Thorn,  the  Aronia  Thom,  and  the  Moroccft  Thorn. 

Leaves  ami  fruit  of  the  nBtural  nte. 


39P  AIIBORETL'M   ET    FnUTICETUM    BBITANNICUM. 

Crattt''gut  ffritntdlu,  tt  var.,  and  C.  tanacetifHia,  et  var.     The  Eastern 
Thorn,  and  the  Tansy-leaved  Thorn,  with  Varieties. 


XXVI.    AOSACEX:    CV.Arif.OVS- 


Cnmffiu  bMaettifilia  ZmUia,  C.  hOeraph^Ua,  and  C.  Oxt/ae&nlha 
mtata.  Lec'a  Tansy-leaved  Thom,  th«  various-leaved  Thorn,  and 
<tbe  obtuse-ZmnwI  Hawthorn. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

I  Hawthorn,  and  Tjn  li 
Lea*et  and  fruit  of  the  natural  riie. 


^pr^... 


XXVI.    ROSA  CZX. :    CRAT-«  ous.  4 

CnttB'ffta  OxjfocAntha  var      Five  Varielie*  of  the  Hawtliorn. 
Leaves  and  fruit  of  tbe  nstural  sizit. 


40'2  ARBORETUM    ET    FBUTECETUM    BRITANNrcUM. 

Crata'gus  pamfolia,  C.  p.  ^drida,  C.  p.  grotxuiariafiilia,  C.  virgiiuta, 

C.  mejricuno.  The  small-leaved  Thorn,  the  Florida  Tijorn,  the  Goose- 

.    berry-leaved  Thorn,  the  Virginian  Thorn,  and  the  Mexican  Thom. 

Leavi^  and  fruit  of  the  natural  size. 


XXVI    RosA^EJE :  photi'nia. 


403 


G£NUS  XV. 


LI 


I 


STRANV^'S/J  Lindl.     The   Stranv.«'sia.     Lin.  SjfsL  Icoaandris 

Di-Pentf^/nia. 

tdentifloMtiom.    Lfndl.  in  Bot.  Reg. 
Sfmoijfmt.    Oatc^us  In  part. 

berhmtion.    In  honour  oi  the  Hon.  fV.  T.  H.  Fat  Strangway*^  F.H.S.,  kc,  a  botanical  amatttur, 
who  possesses  a  rich  collection. 

GcR,  Char.  Calyx  Moothed.  Petals  5,  concave,  sessile,  spreading,  villous 
at  the  base.  Stament  20,  spreading.  Ovary  villous,  superior,  5-celled  ; 
cells  containing  2  ovules.  Fruit  spherical,  enclosed  by  the  calyx,  contain- 
ing a  superior,  5-valved,  hard,  brittle,  dehiscent  capsule.  Sieedi  oblong. 
TVxto  cartilaginous.  (LindL) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  evergreen ;  lanceolate,  serrated. 
Flowers  corymbose.  —  An  evergreen  tree ;  native  of  the  temperate  parts 
of  Asia ;  in  Britain  a  rather  tender  shrub. 

•  1.  S.  GLAUCE^scENs  Littdl.    The  glaucous-/<pfft^  Stranvaesia. 

fden/rfiemtiom.    Lindl.  in  Bot.  Reg.,  t.  1956. 

^ntmgme.    Oatc^gus  glafica  If'aU.  Cat,  67S. 

Eagnwa^i.    Bot.  Reg.,  t  19&6. ;  and  our  Jigs.  731.  and  73Z 

Spec,  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  lance- 
olate, coriaceous,  serrated, 
pointed  at  the  base  ;  midrib 
and  nerves  on  the  under  side, 
as  well  as  the  young  twigs, 
hairy.  Corymbs  somewhat 
woolly.  Pedicels  3  or  4  times 
as  long  as  the  bud.  (Lindl.) 
An  evergreen  shrub  ;  in  Nepal, 
a  tree  20  ft.  high.  Introduced 
in  1828.  Flowers  white;  July. 
Fruit  small,  yellowish  red ;  ripe 
in  October. 

Somewhat  tender  when  treated 
as  a  standard  in  the  open  garden 
but,  when  trained  against  a  wall, 
forming  a  very  handsome  ever- 
green. Propagated  by  grafting  on 
Cratae^gus. 


TSl.  SmovaSte 


I  jT  J 


7at     S.  Kiaae^Menk 


Genus  XVI. 


\m\ 


PHOTFNIA  Lindl.    The  Photinia.    Lin.  Syst.  Icos4ndria  Di-Pentag^nia. 

Uemi$kmtt9m.    Undl.  In  Lin.  Soe.  Trani.,  18.  p.  108.;  Dee.  Prod.,  i.  p.  681. ;  Don's  Mill.,  S.  p.  608. 

VmiBfwa.    CVvUe^'gus  sp.  L. 

Dermuiom.    Froin  pAolcmot,  iblning ;  ioallntion  totheladd  iurfiBceortheleaves. 


Gen,  Char.     Cafyx  5-toothed.     Petals  reflexed.     Charium  semiadherent,  vil« 
lous,  2-ceUed.    Styles  2,  glabrous.    Pericarp  2-celled,  enclosed  in  the  fleshy 
calyx.      Testa  cartilaginous.  (Ihm's  Mill.) 
Leaoes  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  evergreen  ;  quite  entire,  or  serrated. 

D  o  2 


404  AiiiionKiLTM   ir  vni  nrFTirsi  BRlTANKlctM. 

Flouvrt  while,  dinpofied  in  [erniijiiil  ccirjmlmse  panicleii.  Pruit  nntll. 
■mooih.  —  Evtrrgri'cn  trees  1  natives  of  Aiiu  anil  America,  requiring  the 
•anie  garden  treatment  as  Cratffi'gus  (on  » tiich  all  the  BpiTies  maj'  l« 
grafleil),  except  tliut  the  f-pecies  are  somewhat  more  tender,  an^  are  beM 
grunn  aguiiiM  a  wull  even  in  the  chmate  of  London. 


I   1.  P.  sehhula'ta  Lhiill.     The  serrulatcd-Ziviimf  Photinia. 


iWnu  gltbri  Tkuni.  fl.  Jap.  Ki.,  Bol.  tint-,  l-K^d.  Bol.  Cc6..  CaUt  Horl   l-mL    ■ 
-H  M^a.  t.  111.''  ;  Bol  Cab.,  1.  MS.  i  ColJl  Hon.  HIpul.,  t.M.i  Ihtpliir  i.Filk 


Sprc.  Chnr.,  ifr.     Leaves  oblong,  acute  Kcmilated.     PediceU  longer  than  the 
calyx.  Bu(Ih  large,  red.  (ZfiT.  Prod.)  An  evergreen  ihruh  or  low  tree,    J»- 
pan   and  China.     Height   12(1.  to  15IL     Introduced  in   1804.     Flowers 
white  ;  April  and  May.     Fruit  ?  ;  rarely  produced  in  England. 
The  young  shoots  and  leaves  are  remarkable  for  their  deep  red,  or  ma- 
hogany colour  !  end  the  decaying  leaves  exhibit  this  colour  much  more  in- 
tensely, mixed  witli   a  fine  yellow  or  scarlet.     Altogether  it  fotins  a  tftt 
splendid  plant,  when  trained  against  a  wall ;  or,  in  warm  sheltered  dtuationi. 
U  a  standard.     It  is  commonly  grafted  or  budded  on  thorn  !>tockn ;  and  it 
also  does  well  u^on  quince  stocks.  In  the  neighbourhood  ofLondon  it  flownt 
between  the  middle  of  April  and  the  middle  of  May  ;  but  it  has  not  vet  pro- 
duced fruit  in  England.     The  largest  and  oldest  plants  are  at  White  JCn^ts, 
'  1     .    1  ■     .      .  ,   ^uj^  jji  |(i35_  ionned  a  large  bush  or  liee, 

Limll.     The  Arbutus-Znnwvi  Photinin. 

lilnuiflcnilini.    LIndl.  In  Mil  Enr.TruI.,  IS,  p.  ira.  1  D«.  Prod.,  3.  p.  SSI.  (  Don't  IflU..  1.  p.  Mi 
Syncnfmr.    CiitB'lui  aibuHfUU  .f «.  Hirrl,  Krw,  rd.  9.  icit.  9  P.  m, 
fivroxiwi.     B«.BFB.,t.«l.nniliHirj(^.;M. 


XXVI.  itosA'ctJE  :  cotonea'ster.  405 

Spec.  Char.,   ^c.      Leaven   wilh   the    disk   oblong- 
lanceolate,  acute,    diBl3ntl][   acrrated,    six   tiiiiM 
longer  than  the  petiole,   which  ia  red.     The  pani- 
cle, in   thiu   BpecLcs,   is    not    corjmbose.     (Dec. 
Prod.)     An  evensreen  ahriib  or  low  tree.     Call- 
fomia.      Height   10  ft.  to  20  ft.      Introduced   in 
1796,  Flowers  white;  July  and  August.    Fruit  ?. 
A   very    desirable   evergreen   for  wallt,  hitherto 
comparaUTcly  neglected  in  British  gardens.     Horti- 
cultural Soci-  ■  ■■ 
ety't  Garden. 

The 

UnliktlUm.    LbHll.  Id  Un.  Tnmi.,  I),  p.  lOS.  I 
'  l>M»ii».     n'na  iDUftTTfau  WaU.  «  D.  Dtm 
Fn-t.  rt.  Kn.  p.  BT. 

'is:2  b±&  " ""  ■  — "■ '" "" 

Spct.  Clua-^  ^c.     Leaves  elliptic,  acu- 

mhiued,  quite  entire.     Panicle  dif- 
fuse.     Pedicels    bractless.      Ovary 

3-cdled  ;    eelli    biovulate,      (Dob'» 

ilfi/A)     An  evergreen  tree.     Nepiil. 

Height  SO  ft       Introduced   in   16^ 

Flowers  white  'i. 

Hequirea   the  protection  of  a  wall, 
which  it  well  deserves,  on  account  of 

the  beauty  <rf  its  foliage.  .^   ^  miiiimsi 

r  4.  P.  du'bu  Ia«M.    The  doubtful  Photinio. 

Snix>rma.    mnlliu  bcngaUndi  jioii. ;  M.  lincitrka  O.  Dam  i'ma'.  H.  Nrp-  98. ;  Crmmtui 

suiiu  iub.  hss. 

■■tm^i.    Us.  Tnni..  13. 1. 10. 1  ud  oar  Jig.  TM. 
^m.  Clkar.,  ^e.     Leaves  lanceolate,  distantly  ser- 
rated.   Icicle  corymbose,  pilose;    Fruit  3-celled. 

Seed  ],  lar^,  and  clothed   with  a  loose  testa. 

Fiuit  socuetuoes  l-celled  from  abortion,  and  8- 

■eeded.  (JOon'i  Milt.)  An  evergreen  tree.   Nepal. 

Hdriit   soft      Introduced   in    18S1.      Flowers 

white  ?. 

It  appears  nearly  allied  to  Raohi^lepis.  Hamil- 
ton itatea  that  the  bark  is  usea,  in  Nepal,  to  dye 
cotton  red.  Culture  and  maDagement  as  in  the 
preceding  species.  "*■  '■  "'^ 


[M^aU 


COTONEA'STER  Med.     Thb  Cotonbastbb.     Iaii.  Syit.  Icoi&ndria 
Di-PentBj^nia. 

U'mttJk-iUnL.    Mtd.  Cncb.  Bot..  ina.  i  LoxU.  id  LlB.SucTnu.,  IJ.il  ICl.i  Dec.  Pi«],.3.p.g»., 


The  qulon  wu  alia] 


406  ARBORETUM    £T  FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

The  genui,  and  C.  Mglda  in  particular,  la  not  unlike  the  quince  in  Its  learea.    (LnMttey  in  Jh(< 
Reg.i.  1187.  and  1229.) 

Gen,  Char,  Flowers  polygamous  from  abortion.  Calyx  turbinate,  bluntly 
d-toothed.  Petals  short,  erect.  Stamens  length  of  the  teeth  of  the  calyx. 
Styles  glabrous,  shorter  than  the  stamens.  Carpels  2 — 3,  parietal,  biovu- 
late,  enclosed  in  the  calyx.  {Don^s  Aiill.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate  or  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen ; 
generally  woolly  beneath.  Flowei-s  in  corymbs,  lateral,  spreading,  furnished 
with  deciduous  subulate  bracteas.  Petals  small,  permanent. — Shrubs  or  low 
trees.     Natives  of  Europe,  America,  and  Asia. 

The  species  are  very  desirable  garden  shrubs  or  low  trees,  from  the 
beauty  of  their  foliage,  their  flowers,  and  their  fruit ;  the  fruit  of  C.  frigida 
and  C.  affinis,  in  particular,  being  produced  in  ^reat  abundance,  and  being  oi 
an  intense  scarlet  colour,  have  a  very  splendid  appearance,  and  remain  on 
the  trees  the  greater  part  of  the  winter.  The  cotoneasters  are  all  readily 
propagated  by  seeds,  cuttings,  layers,  or  grafting  on  C.  vulgaris,  on  the  com- 
mon quince,  or  on  the  hawthorn.  Though  the  greater  part  of  the  species  are 
natives  of  Asia,  yet  in  Britain  they  are  found  to  be  as  hardy  as  if  they  were 
indigenous  to  the  North  of  Europe,  more  especially  those  of  them  that  are 
true  evergreens.  Not  one  of  them  was  killed  by  the  winter  of  1837-8  in  the 
Hort.  Soc.  Garden. 

§  i.    Leaves  deciduous.     Sliruls, 
A  1.  C.  vuLGA^Ris  Lindl.    The  common  Cotonenster. 

Identifteation.  Lindl.  In  Lin.  Soc.  Trans.,  13.  p.  101. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p. 682. ; 

Don'sMlU..2.p.6(>3. 
Synonumes.    Melpilus  CotoneiUter  Lin.  So.  686.,  (Ed.  Ft.  Dan.  i.  112.  ; 

N^flier  cotonneux,  Fr. ;  Quitten-Mispel,  Ger. ;  Salcingnolo.  Jfai, 
Engravings.    (Ed.Fl.Dw.,  1. 112. ;  Eng.  Bot.  SuppL,  t.  2713. ;  and  our 
Ag-  737. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Leaves  ovate,  rounded  at  the  base. 
Peduncles  and  calyxes  glabrous.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  de- 
ciduous shrub.  Europe  and  Siberia,  on  the  sunny  parts 
of  subalpine  hills.  Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  in  a  wild  state ; 
in  cultivation  4  ft.  to  5  ft.  Cultivated  in  1656.  Flowers 
white,  slightly  tinged  with  pink ;  April  and  May.  Fruit 
red  or  black  ;  ripe  in  July  and  August. 

Varieties,    The  following  three  forms  of  this  species  are  to  be  met  with,  both 
in  a  wild  state,  and  in  gardens  :  — 

■  C.  ».    1  erythrocdrpa  Led.   Fl.  Alt.  ii.  p.  219.  has  the  fruit  red  when 

ripe. 
A  C.v,  2  melanocdrpa  Led.,  A/espilus  Cotonenster  PalL  M,  Ross.  p.  30. 

t.  14.,  M.  melanocdrpa  Fisch.,  C.  melanocarpa  Lod.  Cat.,    has  the 

fruit  black  when  ripe. 
A  C.  V.  3  depressa.  Fries  Nov.  Suec.  p.  9.,  Dec.  Prod.  ii.  p.  632.,  isntber 

spiny,  with  lanceolate  acutish  leaves,  and  fruit 

including  4  carpels.     It  is  a  native  of  the  rocks  of 

Sweden  near  Warberg. 

A  2.  C.  (v.)  TOMENTO^SA  Lmdl.   The  tomentose,  or  woolly, 

Cotoneaster. 

^''5S('^"''^'  jy."^^-  *"  ^•"'  ^^'  Trans.,  13.  p.  101. ;  Dec.  Prod,,  2.  p 
632.;  Don's  Mill.,  2.  p.  603.  *      ^ 

Bynonffmet.    AT^pilus  tomentbsa  WiUd.  ^.  2.  p.  1012.,  not  Lam. ;  M.  erlo- 

carpa  Dec  Ft  Fr.  Synops.  and  Snppt.  No.  3691. 

Engraving.    Our  Jig.  738.  from  a  specimen  In  the  British  Museum 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  elliptical,  obtuse  at  both  ends. 
Peduncles  and  calyxes  woolly.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  decidu- 
ous shrub,  like  the  preceding  species,  of  which  it  appears 
to  us  to  be  only  a  variety,  found  wild  on  the  rocks 


TS7.    C 


xxvt.  sosaceje:  cotonea'bter. 


•  C.  (v.)  LAiiPLoltA  Jaeq.    The  loose-flowered  Cotoneaster 

Jk<|.«L1ih1I.  BM.Rfc.LiaOt  I  Don-tHIIL,  ).p.m. 
BmT&c,  t.  I3IA  i  nad  hd  A>.  ns.  ud  IW. 

^e.  CKor.,  if'^.  Leaves  oblong,  obtuse  at  b< 
ends,  Emootb  above,  and  wool!)'  beneatb. 
Cymea  panicled,  [nloBe.  Calyxes  quite 
smooth.  Flowers  pink.  (ZJonV  Mill.) 
Branches  brownish  purple,  with  an  ash- 
coloured  cuticle,  which  peels  off.  A  de-  i 
clduou.i  shrub,  flowering  in  April,  and  having 
the  same  general  appearance  and  habit  as  C. 
vulgaris,  but  differing  from  it  in  having  larye 
looEeraceineB,and  in  the  colour  of  its  flowers, 
and  their  greater  number.  It  was  raised  in 
the  Garden  of  the  Horticultural  Society, 
from  seeds  sent  by  Professor  Jacquin  of 
Vienna,   in   1826.      Its  native   country  is 

Varieti/. 

m  C.  (v.)  I.  a  uRiflora  Fischer. — Flowers  solitary.   Horticultural  Sociwy's 

•  ■  4.  C.  denticula'ta.    The  toothed-leaved  CotoncMter. 


Spen.  Ckar.,  ^e.  Leaves  elliptic,  or  obovate-elliplic. 
Founded  on  both  sides,  mucronate-cuspidate,  den- 
ticulate at  the  apex,  coriaceous,  smooth  above, 
tocnentose,  pubescent  and  hoary  beneath.  Co- 
rymbs limple.  Flowers  sub-dodecandroua,  with 
1 — t  stigmas.  Calyx  woolly  tomcntose.  {H.  el 
B.)  A  shrub,  apparently  sub-evergreen,  and  very 
like  C.  vulg4riB.  Mexico,  on  elevated  phiiui, 
nor  Actopa,  at  the  height  of  6000  (t  Height 
?5ft.  to  Bfl.  Introduced  in  1B39.  Flowers 
white;  September.  Fniit?.  Hoised  in  the  Hor- 
dcultifral  Societj's  Garden  from  seeds  sent  home  » 

by  H.  Uartw^.  ni.  c.dB.in.uu. 

j  ii.    Sid>-evergreen  or  decidvom.      Tall  Shrubs  or  Inte  Trees, 
.  5.  C.  FRi'GiDi   ffaU.     The  frigid  Cotoneaster 


Wall«> 


.  K».  L  IIBB.;  -nit  Ddq-i  Mill ,  1.  p.  6M. 
Prod.  FI  Nev.  p.  3S7.,  Dee.  Prod.  S.  p.  61 


mjlg.  T4S. 


Umi^fme.    Pfnu  Mlmo  Him.  In  Prod.  FL  H™.  P 
i*iriwB^E.    Slat.  IU«.,  L  IU9. ;  the  plate  oT  Ull>  >( 

^lec.  Char,,  ^c.  firanchlets  woolly.  Leaves  elliptical,  mucronate,  coriaceous, 
crenulated,  glabrous,  woolly  beneatb  when  young.  Corymbs  paniculate, 
terminal,  white,  and  wooUy.  Pomes  spherical.  (Dec,  Prod,}  A  sub-ever- 
green shrub  or  low  tree.  Nepal,  on  the  higher  mountains  of  the  northern 
region.  Hright  10  ft.  to  20  t^.  Introduced  in  ISS^.  Flowers  of  a  snowy 
white,  produced  in  great  abundance ;  April  and  May.  Fruit  crimaon,  or 
bright  red  ;  ripe  in  September,  and  geneiully  remaining  on  (he  trees  great 
part  of  the  winter. 

A  remarkably  robust-growing,  sub-evergreen,  low  tree,  producing  shoots  3  or 
4leetloiig  every  season,  when  young;  and,  in  3  or  4  years  from  the  seed, 
ttecoming  very  prolitic  in  flowers  ana  fruit.     As  the  fruit,  with  the  greatir  part 


ARBORETUM    BT    FHUTICrTUM    BRII 


of  the  leaves,  retnaing  on  all  the  winler. 

at  that  aeason  ;  and,  in  sheltered  sitiiatians,  in  the  neighbourhood  o 

it  may  be  considered  tut  an  evergreen.     It  ui  very  hard; ;  the  apeciGc  name  of 

frfgidu  being  given  to  it  on  account  of  the  coldnesa  of  the  locality  in  which  it 

was  fouod.     It  ia  propagated  by  grafUng  on  the  common  hawthoni. 

T  I  fl.  C.  (f.)  affi'nis  Lhdi.     The  related  (to  C.  frigida)  Cotoneaster. 


V 


xxTi.  soba'ceje:  cotonea'ster.  409 

Unuileatim.    LlixU.  Id  lio,  Soc.  Tnni..  13.  p.  101. ;  Dec  Frad..  1  p  S99.  i  ud  Dnn't  HUl.,  i. 

f.GOX 
IpBMfmri.    iKtpUui  iougCrrlru  yumiU.MSS. ;  M.  ann\,  D.  DtnFrt*.  FI.Ntp.tK.i1C  kn- 

Eifiningi.    Tbeplaleln  Arb.  Brit..  ]tt  edit.,  lol.  it. ;  uidCFU>A.14a 

Sprc.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  ovate,  with  a  small  mucro  at  the  tip,  and  l^>ered  at 
the  buse.  Peduncles  and  calvies  woolljr.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  sub-evergreen 
shrub  or  low  tree.  Nepal,  at  Cbittong,  ia  the  lower  country.  Height  10  ft. 
to  aolt.  Introduced  m  1828.  Flowers  white;  April  and  May.  Fruit 
bright  red,  or  deep  crimson  ;  ripe  in  September,  and  remaining  on  the 
trees  great  part  of  the  winter. 
A  robust  shrub  or  low  tree,  in  general  habit  and  appearance  so  like  the 

preceding  sort,  an  to  induce  us  to  think  that  tbey  are  only  difierent  fomis  of 
'  the  same  q)edes.    They  are,  however,  different  in  foliage,  and  on  that  account 

«onh  keeping  distinct. 

1 1  7.  C  acukina'ta  Liadl.    The  acuminated-^Mtwif  Cotoneaster. 

IHmUfcaiim.    Uudl.  kaUn.  Soc.Tniu..  II.  p.IOl.i  Dae.  Pnid.,  1.  p.  «U.  i  Doa'i  HIU..l.p.ei« 

^iK>9W.    AttplluiuunLaluijiAf.  AX.  C^.  [-819. 

Emrral,p.     Lodd.  IkH.  Cab.,  t.  313.  j^  LlD.  Sac.  Trwl.,  II.  L  9.  ;  tke  pUta  of  Ibli  qHClH  iBArb. 
Sit,  lit  edlL,  Tol.  tL  1  Ml  our  jl(.  t«. 


0, 


Sptc.  Oiar.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  acimiiiiated,  rather  pilose  on  both  auriacea. 
Peduncles  glabrous,  1 — 8,  radier  reBexed,  shorter  thun  thuae  of  C.  vulgaris, 
C  tomenidaa,  or  C.  aS^nii.  Calyxes  glabrous.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  sub- 
evergreen  shrub  or  low  tree.  Nepal.  Heiftht  10  ft.  to  15  ft.  Introduced  in 
I6S0.  Flowers  white ;  April  and  May.  Fruit  scarlet  ;  ripe  in  September, 
aiKl  remaining  on  the  plants  all  the  winter, 
A   vigorous-growing,  fastigiate,  leathery-leaved  shrub,    or  very  handsome 

nib-evergreen  low  tree  ;  very  dtstinct,  and  a  most  desirable  apedes. 

X  (I.  C.  NuiuiULA^lA  LmdL     The  money Jike-^niverf  Cotoneaster. 


tpMijiMi  I  C.  elUpila  Bon.  -,  Bilabtit^  eUiptlci  LliM.  J  W<ipJ]u>  CliUe  Hon. ; 
Pmtmlim.  pTob^lT  froia  Ibe  rsundimi  of  tbr  luT,  reHnlbllnI  tb>  (cneril  lam  oT  i 
trngnHim:    T>>e  p1*u  Id  Art).  Brll.,  It  edit,  rol.  t\.  i  ud  our  A.  7n- 


ARBORETUM  £T  ^RUTICETUM   BRITANMCUH. 


^orc.  Char.,  ^e.  Disk  of  leaf  flat,  orbicular,  or  ellipticel,  ending  in  a  mucro, 
in  BOiTie  inBtances  ecnarginate.  Petiole  of  about  the  length  of  the  Btipule*, 
which  are  linear-lanceolate,  membranoui,  and  Boon  fall  oftl  Bark,  budi. 
flower  buds,  stipules,  petiole,  the  under  surface  of  the  disk  of  the  leaC  and 
part  of  the  upper  surface  of  the  midrib,  tomcnioselj  hairj,  while  in  a  youn| 
atate  ^  the  bark,  petioles,  midrib  on  its  upper  surface,  and  calji,  become 
glabrous  when  old.  Flowers  io  axillary  cjmes,  few  in  a  cyme.  Stjle  and 
carpel,  which  has  a  bony  abcU,  moitly  solitary.  Erect,  branched  in  a  spmd- 
ing  manner;  branchlcts  straight,  slender.  An  el^ant.  low  sub-eTcrgreen 
tree.  Nepal,  in  the  nioDntuinous  r^on.  Height  10  fU  to  15  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1824.  Flowers  white  ;  April  and  May.  Berries  numerous,  black; 
ripe  in  September, 
A  very  handsome  Bpedes,  distinguished  at  fint  sight  from  the  others  by  itt 

spreading  habit  of  growth  and  smaller  leaves. 

j  iii.    Leaves   evergreen,  katkery.      Low   Shrttbt,  mt/i  pnutraU 
Branches  ;   Trailers,  but  not  properly  Creepers. 

m.  9.  C.  Rotundipo'lia  Wall.     The  round-leaved  Cotoneaater. 

IdiMificBiicn.  TCulLCit.  ;Und1.  BM.  Hei..ino. 

i>)KTiT.leit«l  Nfpij  Colanwitcr. 

,    Spec.  Char,,  S[c.     Leaves  roundish,  pi- 
lose beneath,  evergreen.     Peduncles 
l-flowered.  Producing  its  white  flow* 
ers  in  April  and  May.  (Don'i  Mill.)  . 
An   evet^reen    shrub.      Nepal,   on  ( i 
mountains.    Height  3  ft.  to  4  fl.    In-  ^ 
troduced  in   1925.     Flowers  white,  «,««»■. 

with  the  backs  of  the  peuls  often         "  '  '' 


XXVI.    AOSACEf:   AMELA'trcHIBR.  41 1 

a  Auguit,  and  remaiD- 

&  moat  dewrabte  shrub  for  a  ■msU  gnrden,  for  clothing  a  naked  wall,  cover- 
ing rockwork,  or  grafting  standard  high,  lo  as  Eo  fonn  a  pendent  evergreen  tree. 

■,  10.  C.  (b.)  micbophi'lli  M^all.     The  small-leaved  Cotoneaster. 
UnlVaitltm.    Will  a  Llndl.  Bu.  Krf.,  I.  UK.  i  Doa'i  HUl,l.  p.  EM. 
t-irn'mg,.    B«.IU»..l.Jln.i  ■iidouTj%.7*S. 
Sptc.  Char.,  4'c.      Leaves  oblong,  obtuse,  pubescent 

beneath,  evergreen.     Peduncles  uaualty  l-flowered. 

{Don't  Mill.)     A  prostrate  evergreen  Bhrub,  closely 

resembling  the  preceding  sjiecieE,  and  in  our  opinion 

onlj  a  variety  of  it.     Nepal.     Height  £  ft.  to  3  ft. 

Introducedin  IB21.    Flo  wen  white;  Mayuid  June. 

Berries  bright  scarlet ;  ripe  in  August,  and  remaining 

on  all  [be  winter.  ( 

It  is  exceedingly  hardy,  and  Corast  ■  fine  plant  on 
rockwork,  or  on  a  lawn,  where  it  has  room  to  extend      ;,».  c.ii.|u«fi>«^ 
iuelf.     A  plant  of  C.  microphjlk,  at  High  Clere, 

oT about  lOyears' growth,  was,  in  1835,  6 ft,  high,  and  formed  adense  buah, 
covering  a  space  £1  ft.  in  diameter.  Another,  at  Redleaf,  was,  in  IB37,  nearly 
tr  large.  Giafled  standard  high  on  the  thom,  or  any  of  it«  congeners,  this 
shrub  forms  a  singular  and  beautiful  evergreen  drooping  tree:  or  it  will  cover 
>  naked  wall  nearly  as  rspidty  as  ivy ;  and  it  possesses  a  decided  advantage 
over  that  plant,  and  particutarly  over  the  variety  called  the  (riant  ivy,  in  its 
shoots,  which  may  be  prevented  from  extending  man;  inches  from  the  fiKe  of 
tbe  waJl,  and,  consequently,  being  not  likely  tu  injure  the  plants  growing  near 
it.  Were  tbe  practice  of  training  trees  and  shrubs  in  erchitectural  or  sculp- 
tursJ  ihapeii  again  to  come  into  fiubion,  there  are  few  plants  belter  adapted  for 
the  purpose  than  this  and  the  preceding  sort  of  Cotoneiscer. 

s.  11.  C.  (k.)  auiifo'lia   Wall.     The  Box-leaved  Cotoneastn-. 
HAU^iiini.    WkII.  «  Llndl.  Dot.  Bff .,  L  ins.  i  Don*!  «0\.\  t.  p.  S04 
E^tranng,    Ourj^,  749-  trom  h  Jlvlnj  qwdmen. 

Spfc.  Char.,  J^c.  Leaves  ovute,  woolly  beneath, 
evergreen.  Peduncles  3 — 3-flowered,  woollv. 
Flowers  white.  (Doa'i  Mill.)  A  native  ^ 
Keelgherry  ;  introduced  in  1824;  and  ap- 
parently a  variety  of  C.  rotundifSlta,  from 
which  it  diScrB  in  havii^  the  peduncles  8- 
■nd  Showered,  but  scarcely  in  any  thing 

■■   C.  (ft.)    2    margmdla,    C.   marginita  — 

Ladl.,    has     rather     laijer     leaves,  '"'  '^<'' •"•"^"^ 

which  arecovered  thickly  on  the  underside  and  margin  with  adense 
white  tomentum.  Raiaed  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden  ir 
1838,  from  seeds  received  fiocn  Dr.  Falconer  of  Saharunpore. 

Genus  XVHI.     , 


AMELA'NCHIEH   Med.     Thb  Anelanchier.     Lm.  St/H.  Icosandria 
Di-Peiftagynio. 
ttrtupaium     Med.  GtKli.,  1791.1  Llod].  in  LIB.  Soc.  Truu ,  11.  p.  IM.|  Dec.  Prod,  l  p.dl.i 
!>«'■  Mai,,  S.  p.  8M. 


412 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNrCUM. 


Smnimifmet.    Jffttpllus  L. ;  Ptruf  W. ;  jlrbuU  Pert, 

Dertvaiion.    Accoratng  to  CIoslus,  Amelancier  U  the  old  Savoy  name  for  A.  Tulgiris.  {,B.ofPL) 
Amektnder  Is  the  Savoy  name  for  the  medlar. 

Gen.  Char,  Calyx  5-cleft.  Petalt  lanceolate.  Stamens  rather  shorter  than 
the  calyx.  Ovarium  of  10-celIs,  or  of  5  bipardte  ones.  Ovuia  10,  solitary 
in  the  partitions  of  the  cells.  Styles  5,  joined  together  a  little  at  the  base. 
Potne,  when  mature,  3 — 5  celled.  Seeds  3 — 5;  endocarp  cartilaginous. 
{Don's  Mill.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  ;  serrated.  Flowers  white, 
in  racemes.  Bracteas  linear  lanceolate,  deciduous.  —  Small  trees,  natives  of 
Europe,  America,  or  Asia. 

In  British  gardens,  they  are  cultivated  for  their  flowers,  which  are  white, 
abundant,  showy,  and  produced  early  in  the  season ;  for  their  fruit,  which 
ripens  in  June ;  and  for  the  deep  red,  or  rich  yellow  hue,  which  their  foliage 
assumes  in  autumn.  They  are  propagated  by  grafting  on  the  hawthorn  or  toe 
quince ;  or  the  weaker  on  the  stronger-growing  species  of  the  genus. 

'i  1.  il.  yulga'ris  Mcench.     The  common  Amelanchier. 

Identification.    Moench  Metb^  682. ;  Dec.  Prod.»  a.  p.  632. ;  Don's  Hill.,  2.  p.  604. 

Synonume*.    JtftepUu*  Amelanchier  Lin.  Sp.  685.,  Jacq.  Fl.  Austr.  t.  300.  {   Partis  Ametanekkr 

Wllld.  Sp.  S.  p.  1015. ;  ilrtmia  rotundifftlia  Pers.  Sir*.  2.  p.  39. ,  Cratv'sus  rotundtfdlia  Um. ; 

56rbiu  AmetdneUer  Grants ;  AlUior  Amelanchier,  Amelanchier  des  Bois,  Naflier  4  Feuilles  rondo, 

Fr. ;  Felseobime,  Ger.  \  Pero  cervfno,  Ital. 
Bi^rafringf.    Jacq.  Fl.  Austr.,  t.  300. ;  Bot.  Mag.,  t  9480. ;  and  our^.  750. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  roundish-oval, 
bluntish,  downy  beneath,  afterwards 
glabrous.  Fruit  dark  blue.  (Dec,  Prod,) 
A  deciduous  low  tree.  Continent  of 
Europe,  the  Alps,  Pyrenees,  and  atTon- 
tainbleau  in  France.  Height  I5fl.  to 
20  ft.  Introduced  in  1596.  Flowers 
white  ;  March  and  April.  Fruit  black, 
soft  and  eatable;  ripe  in  Jnly.  Decaying 
leaves  bright  yellow. 

A  most  desirable  low  tree,  on  account 
of  its  early  and  numerous  flowers,  which 
cover  the  tree  like  a  white  sheet,  about  the 
middle  of  April,  and,  in  very  mild  seasons, 
even  in  March. 


'Ml.    Awmtihu  kkr  yvA^hiH. 


•  I  2.   A,  (v.)  Botrya'pium  Dec.    The  Grape-Pear,  or  Snowy-bhssomed 

Amelanchier. 

Identification.  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  639. ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  1.  p.  903. :  Don's  Mill.,  9.  p.  SM. 
S^nonifmes.  JUespUus  canadfosis  Lm.  Sp.  185. ;  Af.  arbdrea  Micks.  Arb.  9.  t  86. 2  Cntm'pj*  race- 
mtea  Lam.  Diet.  1.  p.  84. ;  P^rus  Botry&plam  Lin.  M  Svppl.  p.  255. ;  Atbi^  Botr^apluai  Pen 
Sun.  9.  p.  39. ;  the  Canadian  Medlar,  Snowjr  Hespilus,  June  Berrr,  wild  Pear  Tree ;  Alisler  dc 
Cboisy,  Amelanchier  de  Choisy,  Alisler  k  Grappes,  Pr. :  TraubenUme,  Ger. 
Engravings.  Schm.  Arb.,  t.  84. ;  Willd.  AbblkL,  t.  79. :  Krauso,  t.  56. ;  the  plates  of  this  H»dcs, 
in  a  young  and  an  old  state,  in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  toI.  tI.  ;  our>!^.  751.,  from  a  spedmfn  takea 
from  tho  tree  in  the  Horticultaral  Societr's  Garden,  with  the  leaves  and  flowers  fttUjr  expanded; 

and  Jigs',  loi.  andTSS^  copied  from 
Michauz's  North  American  S^va ; 
/Ig.  7A1  •  showing  the  plant  in  spring 
before  the  flowers  are  fully  opened ; 
and  Jig.  752.  showing  the  plant  in 
fruit.  Both  difkr  in  some  respects 
tromjig.  753.  See  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker's 
remarks  under  A.  ot&Us,  No.  4. 

Spec.  Char.,  Jj^c,  Leaves  ob- 
long-elliptical, cuspidate, 
somewhat  villous  when 
young,  afterwards  glabrous. 
{Dec,  Prod.)  A  deciduous 
T»i.  ii.  <v.)  BMiy4p4uiii.  shrub  or  low   tree,  closely 


\XV1.   JI08A^CE.C  :   jmel/S'chleb. 


\g  the  preceding  species ;  and  by  Bome  bo- 
s  considered  as  only  a  variety  of  it.  Anwnca. 
Hdght  in  America  30  ft.  to  40  ft.,  with  a  trunk 
10  in.  to   IS  in.  in  diameter  j   in   England  80  ft. 
10  30ft,     Introduced  in   17M,      FloweTB  white; 
April.     Fruit  purple,  agreeable  to  eali  rip*  in  the 
b<^iining  of  June.     Decaying  leaves  rich  yellow. 
A  very   ornamental   tree,   from   its   profusion  of 
bloESoms  early  iu  April,  and  from  its  rich  aulumnal 
ibUsge;  and  even  the  fruit  is  not  altogether  to  be 
drapised,  either  eaten  by  itself,  or  in  tarts,  pies,  and 
puddings.     The  wood  is  white,  and  it  exhibila  no  dif- 
ference between  the  heart  and  the  sap  :  it  ia  longitu- 
dinally trarened  by  sinali  bright  red  vesaels,  which 
inlersect  each  other,  and  run  loeetlier  ;  a  physiolo- 
gical  peculiaritv  which,  Michaux  ooserves,  occurs    ' 


n  the  red  birch, 
*f  Z.A.    (v.)  s 


:,  full  of  blood-colourcd 


Spec.  Oar.,  S(c.     Leaves  oral,  obtuse  at  both  ends,  mucronate,  finely  lerrated, 
somewhat  heart-Bh^>ed  at  the  base.     Flowers  few  in  a  raceme.     Calyx  gla- 
brous.    Petals  linear,  obtuse.     Fruit  eatable.  {Dec.  Prod.)     A  deciduous 
tree  or  laijc  shrub.     Hudson's  B^.     Height   10  ft.  to  20  ft.     Introduced 
ID  188*.     Flowers  white ;  April.  Fruit  dark  purple,  " 
juice;  ripe  in  July.    Decaying  leaves  rich  yellow. 
This  plant  differs  from  A.  (v.)  Botryapium  in  the  fewer  flowers,  much  shorter 
raceme,  and  shorter,  broader,  and  more  ovate  petals ; 
in  the  young  leaves  being  perfectly  destitute  of  pubes- 
cence, and  the  head  somewhat  fastigiate. 


rod.,  1.  p.  £39.1  Drm'iMUL.  S.p.tOI. 

.-!•  ipWU  Lam.  Did.    I.   11.84.  ?i    Mnlliu 

T  VtH.  C.r.  p.  IM.  1    A.  iiuTlBtlri  DoM.   MS.  ;    V. 
Hi   MKil.   Ja.    1.    p.  191.  ,T^™   OTlIb 

lTl>ii>*oiiUtPeri.  ^.  3.  p.  *40. ;  Ancluu 
r  1  E'p<.  Fr.  i  niDdUliRilce  Blraa,  Gtr. 
^om  L  IMng  tpeclmfl]. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^e-  Leaves  roundish-elliptical,  acute ; 
when  fonng.  rather  velvety  beneath  ;  when  adult, 
plabrouB.  Raceme  coarctate.  Petals  obovate.  CbIin 
niibescent.  {liec.  Prod.)  A  large  deciduous  sbrul) 
or  low  tree.     Ni»lh  America,  Ironi  Lake  Huron  to 


414 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


the  Rocky  Mountains.  Height  10  ft.  to  20  ft.    Introduced  in  1800.   Flowen 
white ;  April.    Fruit  purple ;  ripe  in  July.     Decaying  leaves  rich  yellow. 

Varieties. 

A  ¥  A.  (v.)  o.  2  subcordata  Dec. ;  ^rdnia  subcordata  Raf, ;  3falus  micro- 
carpa  Raf, — A  native  of  mountains  near  New  York.  (/)«?.  Prod.) 

*  %.  A.  (»,)  o.  3 semi-integrifdiia  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Anier.  p.  201. — Leaves  for 
the  most  part  separated  at  the  apex.  A  native  about  the  Grand 
Rapids,  and  at  Fort  Vancouver,  on  the  Columbia. 

Sir  Wm.  J.  Hooker  is  disposed  to  agree  with  Dr.  Torrey,  who  suspects  this 
to  be  onlv  a  variety  of  A,  Botryaniuin ;  and  he  adds  that  Michaux  seems  to 
have  included  A,  Botryapium  and  A.  vulgaris  under  his  A,  canadensis.  The 
wood  of  A,  ovklis,  according  to  Dr.  Richardson,  is  prized  by  the  Cree  Indians 
for  making  arrows  and  pipe  stems ;  and  it  is  thence  termed  by  the  Canadian 
voyagers  Bois  de  fleche.  Its  berries,  which  are  about  the  size  of  a  pea,  are  the 
finest  fruit  in  the  country ;  and  are  used  by  the  Cree  Indians  both  in  a  fresh 
and  in  a  dried  state.  They  **  make  excellent  puddings,  very  little  inferior  to 
plum-pudding."  (Hook,  FL  Bor,  Amer,y  i.  p.  203.) 

•  5  5.  A.  (v.)  FLo'^RiDA  Lindl,    The  flowery  Amelanchier. 

Tdenii/tcation.    Llndl.  Bot.  Reg.,  1. 1589.;  Gard.  Mag.,  vol.  Ix.  p.  484. 

Engrmringg.    Bot.  R^.,  t.  1A89. ;  and  our  Jigs*  708.  to  a  scale  of  3  in.  to  I  ft.,  and  Jig.  767.  of  the 
natural  sise. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c.    Leaves  oblong,  obtuse  at  both  ends,  coarsely 

serrate  in  the   terminal  portion,  glabrous  in  every  state. 

Bracteas  and  stipules  feattiery  at  the  tip,  soon  falling  off. 

Flowers  in  upright  racemes,  many  in  a  raceme.  Calyx  gla- 
brous externally ;  its  segments  longer 
than,  or  at  least  as  long  as,  the 
stamens.  (Lindl,)  A  handsome 
hardy  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree, 
in  habit  and  general  appearance  like 
A,  (v.)  Botryapium,  but  at  once 
recognised  as  distinct  by  its  fastigiate 
habit  of  growth,  and  by  the  short- 
«T    A  I*  I  ti*M^  ness  of  its  stamens.  North  America,  „.   ^  ,  , 

on   the  north-west  coast.    Height 

10ft.  to  20ft.     Introduced  in  1826.    Flowers  white;  May.    Fruit  purple; 

ripe  m  August.    Decaying  leaves  rich  yellow. 

Variety, 

ji  A.  (».)  /.  2  parvifolia,  the  A.  parvifolia  of  the  Horticultural  Society's 
Garden,  is  of  a  dwarf  habit,  not  growing  above  3  or  4  feet  high,  and 
has  smaller  leaves. 

The  leaves  somewhat  resemble  those  of  the  hornbeam ;  the  petals  vary  in 
length,  some  having  measured  more  than  |  of  an  inch.  In  general  habit,  it  is 
somewhat  more  fastigiate  than  the  other  sorts,  unless  we  except  A,  sangufnea, 
to  which,  Dr.  Lindley  observes,  it  is  very  near  akin.  Possibly  a  distinct  spe- 
cies, but  we  doubt  it. 

Genus  XIX. 


fj[^ 


ATE'SPILUS  LindL    The  Medlar.    Lin,  Sytt,  Icosandria  Di-Pent«igyaia. 

Jdent(/lcatum.    Lindl.  In  Lfn.  Trani.,  18.  p.  99. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  S.  p.  633. ;  Don't  MflL,  S.  p.  604^ 
S^nomjfpiet.    Jtfifetpilui  vp.  of  Lin.  nnd  oUiert ;  MespUdphora  ip.  of  Neck. ;  Kefller,  IV.  ;  Mlap«2 

Ger. ;  Neapolo,  JtaL 
I}eri9ati(m.    From  meaos,  a  half,  and  pilos,  a  liuliet ;  ihiU  rewmbling  half  a  bullet. 


Txvi.  JiosA'cE«:  amELj^nchIES.  415 

Gar.  {^ar.     Calyx  d-cleft,  the  socments  foltaceoua.     PelaU  nearly  oriiicular. 

Diik  large,  full  of  honej'.     Slytei  2 — 5,  glabrous.    Pome  turbinate,  open ; 

A-celled.     Endocarp  bony.  (Don't  MUi.) 
Ltava  nmple,  alternate,  atipuhite,    deciJuous  ;   lanceolate,   lermlated. 

Flowert  large,  ncnrjy  leuile,  usually  solitary,  white.   Bradrai  permanent. — 

Trees  ;  in  a  wild  state  liiniiahed  with  tpines.     Natives  of  Europe. 

The  first  species  is  cultivated  for  its  fruit,  which  is  eatable,  and  the  seeds  of 
*hicb  are  accounted  anti-lithic.  The  eecitnd  species  is  an  ornamental  shrub 
or  low  tree,  of  the  general  charBcter  of  a  CVatK'gus.  Both  are  propagated  bv 
grafiing  On  the  quince,  the  wild  pear,  or  the  commoa  hawthorn  ;  and  both 
p-ow  freely  in  any  common  soil,  rather  moist  than  dry, 

I  1.  M.  gerka'nica  L.     The  German,  or  oommon.  Medlar. 
Utmt^atiiaL.    lin.  Sp.,C»t. ;   Pill.  Fl.  B«l,l  ■&  r.  I.i   Dk.  Pn-d.,t.  |lC31;   Don't  MllUt. 
Ii^ITw^I.    PiA  FL  Boh.,  1.  I9l  r.  1.  i   Iba  pUta  of  Ihli  ipfdH  Id  Aiti.  Brtt,  1M  <4it.,  toI.  il.  i 


Sptc.  Char.,  ic  Leaves  lanceolate,  tomentoie  beneath,  undivided.  Flowers 
solitary.  ^I)*c.  Prod.)  A  deciduoiu  tree  of  the  second  rank.  Europe 
and  the  West  of  Aula,  in  bushy  places  aud  woods  ;  and  siud  to  be  found, 
also,  in  Kent,  Sussex,  Surrey,  and  about  Cheater,  in  England;  apparently 
in  a  truly  wild  state  in  Sussex.  Cultivated  in  1596.  Flowers  white  ; 
Hay  and  June.  Fruit  brown  ;  ripe  in  October  and  November.  Decaying 
leaves  dark  brown,  or  yellow. 


■116  ABBOBETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

f  M.g.   ]  lyloittrit  Mii\.  Diet,  No.  1.  —  Spinj.    Fruit  small.      ItkiM 

ha  spines  in  b  state  of  cultivahou. 
t   M.  g.  S  rlricla  Dec.,  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  ii.  p.  178.,  Dod.  Pempt.  SOI.- 

Spineless.     Leaves  doubly  serrated. 
t  H.g.3  SffuMt  Dec,  Ait.  Hoft  Kew.  ii,  p.  17S.,  Du  Hbid.  Art).  Fr.  L 

t.  8.  —  Thornless.     Leaves  nearly  entire.     Fruit,  in  many  iostancn, 

abortive  of  seeds. 
In  the  Horiirtillural  Sadrty'i  Fnai  Catalogue,  the  followmg  four  culti- 
vated  sorts  are  given,  which  may  be  considered  a*  artificial  varietic*  :  — 
I .  Blair't  Iwge-fnaied  Medlar. 
S.  Dutch  Medlar.  —  Fruit  the  largest  of  any. 
3.   Hatlbigkam,  or  common.  Medlar.  —  Fruit  obovate,  middle  Wie,  snd  of 

the  best  quality  :  the  only  sort  worth  cultivating  for  its  fruit  in 


4.  7%«  tloneku  Medlar.  —  Fruit  small,  and  of  little  merit. 
Tbe  fruit  of  the  medlar  is  not  eaten  till  ia  a  state  of  incipient  decay,  when 
it  is  very  agreeable  to  some  palates  ;  though  it  ia,  m  Du  Hamel  obsenes, 
more  «»  fruit  de  fantaitit,  than  one  of  utility.  A  number  of  trees  of  the  US- 
ferent  varieties  may  be  seen  in  the  orchard  i>f  the  Horticultural  Society'* 
Garden,  where  they  have  taken  very  picturesque  shapes. 

S  8.  M.  Smi'thw  Dec.     Smith's  Medlar. 

ZdnlDfRUiM     D«PrDd.,3.ji.«».i  Don'!  HIU.,  a.  p.  COS. 

Bgmmyma.    H.BruldiainS^iM  KiM.  At  1.  p.n.  i  W.  loUta  f'lifr.  Hdd*.  tD  Ant.  Vk.  t  Btl. 

Engr'^f-    SmlUiEiot.  Bm,  1. 1.  l&i  BM.  Mm- (->«■.)  Iha  pliu  or  lUi  v«tet  tai  Art.  BA, 


Spec.  CAar,,  ire-  Leaves  oblong,  elliptic,  serrated,  pubescent  on  the  nerrei 
beneath.  Flowers  usually  aoritary.  {Dotfi  Mill.)  A  deciduous  trte  with 
ramblins  irre^lar  branches.  Native  country  unknown.  Cultivated  to 
IfiOO.  Height  15 fl.  to  80ft.  Flowers  white;  May  and  June.  Fmit 
reddish  brown ;  ripe  in  October. 

As  hardy  as  the  common  medlar,  and  well  deserving  a  place  in  onianiental 
plautationa  for  the  beauty  of  its  flowers,  which  are  produced  in  grent  pnt- 
luaion.     The  general  aspect  and  habit  of  the  tree  are  those  of  a  Orats'pis 
and,  indeed,  it  is  by  man^  penons  considered  at  more  pn^ierly  belonging  .q 
that  genua  than  to  JUitepllus. 


XXVI.  rosa^ceje:  py^rus.  417 

Genus  XX. 


ss3a 


PrRUS  Lhuil     The  Pear  Tree.     Lm.  Sysi,  Icos&ndria  Di-Pentagynia. 

Untt^eattei^-  Llndl.  Lin.  Soc.  Tr.,  13.  p.  97. ;  Dec.  Prod..  2.  p.  6S3. :  Dod'i  Mill.,  9.  p.  e06i 
%»o«yimi.   PfrvM  lAlu«,  and  SArbus,  Toum. ;  P^nu  and  Sorbuf  Lin. ;   Pyr6phorum  aod  Apy 
r^pborum  Jtfirak. 

Gen.  Char,  Calyx  with  an  urceolatc  tube,  and  a  5'lobed  limb.  Petals 
roundish.  Siyiet  usually  5,  rarely  2  or  3.  Pome  closed,  5-celled.  Puta- 
men  cartilaginous.  Seeds  2  in  each  cell.  Testa  cartilaginous.  (Don*s  Mill.) 
Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous,  or  sometimes  sub^ver- 
green  ;  entire,  serrated,  or  pinnately  divided.  Flowers  numerous,  in 
cymes.    Bracteas  subulate,  deciduous. 

Low  trees,  and  some  shrubs ;  almost  all  deciduous ;  natives  of  Europe, 
Asia,  and  North  America.  Some  of  them  are  in  great-  estimation  throughout 
the  world  for  their  fruit ;  and  others  are  cultivated  chiefly  for  their  flowers. 
Under  the  genus  Pynis,  botanists  have  lately  united  the  Linnaean  genera 
Pynis  and  Morbus,  together  with  several  species  formerly  included  under 
'^fesptlus,  CVatae^gus,  and  other  genera. 

Some  of  the  species  of  Pj^rus  are,  and  have  been  for  ages,  the  most  univer- 
Bally  cultivated  of  all  ligneous  plants  ;  the  apple  and  the  pear  beine  highly 
esteemed  fruits,  both  in  the  temperate  and  transition  zones  of  both  hemi- 
spheres. These,  and  all  the  species  of  the  genus,  are  propagated  by  grafting 
on  the  wild  varieties  of  each  division. 

§  1.    Pyraphorum  Dec 

Sect.  Char,  Petals  spreading,  flat.  Styles  5,  distinct.  Pome  more  or  less 
top-shaped,  or  subgiobose,  without  a  concavity  at  the  base.  Pedicels  simple, 
umbeled.  Leaves  simple,  not  glanded.  {Dec.  Prod.,  ii.  p.  633. )  This  sec- 
don  comprehends  all  the  pears,  properly  so  called. 

i  1.  P.  COMMUNIS  L,    The  common  Pear  Tree. 

i^emt^eaiiom.  jAon.  Sp.,  686. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  633^^  Don's  Mill., 3.  p^COS. 

44  a 


P.  J'chra*  G^ertn.  Frvct.  2.  p.  44.  t.  87. ;   P.  sylrfetris  Dod  Prmpt.  800.;  Pyrfistcr 
Aor  ^9^.  4SSL  ;  P<drier,  Pr. ;  gemelne  Birae,  or  Bimebaam,  Ger.  \  Fero  dometcico.  Ital. ;  Pera, 
Sfim. ;  and  Gmschka,  Rtutietn. 
iMJprmingt.    Blaekw.  Herb.,  t.  4!S. ;   Eng.  Bot.,  t.  1784. ;   the  plate  of  this  Npeclet  In  Arb.  Brit., 
lac  edit,  vol.  Ti. ;  and  wafig.  761. 

4>rc.  Char,,  8fc.  Branches  and  buds  glabrous.  Leaves  ovate,  serrated,  gla* 
brous  upon  both  surfaces.  Flowers  corymbose.  {Dec,  Prod.)  A  deciduous 
tree  of  the  middle  size.  Europe,  in  woods  and  waste  places,  from  the  east 
of  Russia 4o  the  west  of  England.  Height  30  ft.  to  50  ft.  rarely  70  h.  In  cul- 
tivation from  time  immemorial.  Flowers  white,  never  tinged  with  pink  like 
those  of  the  apple ;  April  and  May.  Fruit  in  a  wild  state  green,  turning 
rellowisb  in  November.     Decayin*  leaves  rich  yellow  or  reddish  yellow. 


DeCandoIle  mentions  two  forms  of  tlie  wild  specie.s,  compara- 
tively^ pcnnanent ;  to  which  we  have  added  several  others,  the  result  of  cuU 
tivation,  and  which  are  more  or  less  accidental  or  temporary.     To  these  we 
might  have  subjoined  a  class  of  wild  pears  with  hoary  leaves,  such  as  P. 
mvalisy  P.  Alicifolia,  &c.,  which  we  consider  as  varieties,  or  races,  though 
commonly  treated  as  species  ;  but  we  have  preferred  giving  them  afterwards 
as  distinct  sort^. 
t  P.  c.  1  A^chras  Wallr.  Sched.  p.  213.  —  Spiny.    Leaves  woolly  when 
young,  but  afterwards  glabrous ;  the  disK  ovate,  acuminate,  entire  ; 
the  petiole  long.    Tube  of  the  calyx  woolly  when  young,  afterwards 
becoming  glabrous.     Pome  with  its  basid  part  long. 

B  E 


ARBORETUM    GT   FRUTICETUM   BBITANNICUM. 


f  P.  e.  2  Ptfritler  Wallr.  Sched.  p.S14.,  Usrtn.  Fr.  t.67.  f.S.— Spiw. 
Leavei  roundish,  acute,  sharply  serrated,  glabrous  even  when  toud)!- 
Tube  of  the  calyx,  while  young,  glabrous.      Pome  rounded  at  ibe 

I  P.  c.  3/Jfiit  variegatit  has  variegated  leaves. 

T  P.  c.  ijruc/u  tiarUgaio  hai  the  skin  of  the  fruit  variegated  with  yeDov 
and  white. 

T  P.  e.  5.  langtdnolinia,  the  tangumoir  Pear,  has  the  flesh  of  the  fruit  red 
or  reddish  ;  and,  though  amall  and  eritty,  \s  not  bad  to  est  when  ripe. 

T  V-cGfiorepiino,  Poire  de  rArm6nie  Jon,  Jbrrf.  p.  43.,  has  double 
flowers. 

t  P.  1^.  l.ja^ida;  Boa  Chretien  a  Bois  jasp^  Bon.  Sard.  edit.  1836. 
p.  434-.  ;  ha?  the  bark  of  the  wood  striped  with  yellow. 

t  P,  c.  8  laliva  Dec. —  Without  spines.     This    is  the  cultivated  rariety, 
of  which  there  are  very  numerous  subvariuties  in  gardens-     Fm 
these   DeCandoUe   refers   us   to   Miller's   Dictionary,    and   to  Ua 
Hamel's  Dei  Arbret  Fnitieri  ;  but,  at  the  present  tinie,  by  far  the 
most  complete  collection  in  the  world,  of  cultivated  pears,  is  in  the 
earden  of  the  London  Horticultural  Society ;  and  thev  are  descrOied 
in  the  Fnol  Calalogtie  (edit.  1831)  of  that  body.     From  this  cati- 
Itgue  Mr.  Thompson  has  made  for  us  the  following  selectioD  of  sorti 
which  are  at  once  deserving  of  culture  as  ornamental  trees,  and  *> 
producing  fruit  of  first-rate  excellence. 
Sahvaruliei. 
Bettrri  Diel.  —  Leaves  large,  and  flowers  veiy  large.     A  hardy  tree, 
somewhat  faxtigiate  in  its  shape  i  a  great  bearer,  and  duerring  of 
extensive  cultivation  on  account  of  iti  fruit,  independently  altoge- 
ther of  its  handsome  shape  and  large  flowers. 
Beurri  de  Bant  ^not  Beurr^  ranee,  as  commonly  written,  which  meant 
rank,  or  rancid). —  Branches  spreading,   or  pendulous.     The  be>> 
very  late  pear  yet  known.     It  bears  very  well  as  a  standard. 
BesU  de  la  Atolte. — Leaves  rem;irkably  narrow. 

Gloui  Sloreeaii.  ^fg.  763.)  —  Branches  spreading.  Head  pyramidal  A 
hardy  tree,  and  a  great  bearer.    The  fruit  of  most  excellent  flaiour. 


XXVI.  bosa'ces:  Pv'bvs. 


■nd  huif^ng  late  on  the  tree.    There  n  a  plate  of  tbb  Tsrieiy  in  the 
Art.  Bril^  IK  edit.,  vol.  «. 
Kapolion.  —  LeaveB  broad  and  shining,    Bloasoma  large.      The   tJ'ce 

Tigornue,  and  a  good  bearer.  The  fruit  excellent. 
Saan'iEgg.  —  A  handsome  pjTamidal  tree,  andan  excellent  bearer.  The 
fruit  roundish,  or  oborate.  This  ia  one  of  the  commonest  pear 
trees  in  the  market-gardens  about  London ;  and  we  have  introduced 
the  name  here,  from  having  ourselves  observed  ihc  bandaonie  shapes 
taken  by  the  trees.  The  Ihiic,  however,  as  compiu'ed  with  that  of 
the  above  sorts,  la  not  worth  cultivating. 

7^  JbUoiamfi  Scotch  peart  are  recommended  bj  Mr.  Gorrie,  as 
forms  adapted  for  landscape  scenery  ;  but  little  can  be  said  in  favour 
of  their  fruit,  as  conpared  with  that  of  the  new  Flemish  VHrictics. 
TTle  Benvie,  the  GoUen  Xnap,  and  Ike  Elcho  take  fastigiate  forms  ;  the 
latter  more  especially,  Mr.  Gorrie  says,  may  be  called  the  Lombiirdy 
poplar  of  the  pear  tribe.     These  trees  generelly  attain   the  height 
of  troin  45  fl.  to  50  ft,  in  as  many  years,  in  the  Carse  of  Gowrie,  in 
Perthshire. 
The  butked  Lady  and  the  Pom  itfr^  take  spreadinf;  orbiculate  forma,  such 
a*  wiHssaort  with  the  iTcer  Pseudo-Platanus,  and  may  be  called  the 
oaks  and  elms  of  the  pear  family.  (See  Gaid,  Mug.,  vol.  iv.p.  II.) 
The  pear  tree,  in  a  wild  state,  has  a  pyramidal- shaped  head,  with  thorny 
tnnehes,  at  first  erect,  and  afterwards  curved  downwards  and  pendulous, 
lb  roots  are  few,  and  descend  perpendicularly,  with  few  lateral  mmiltcetions, 
acept  in   afaallow  and  rich  soil.     The  Itaves  vary  exceedingly  in  different 
■oili,  md  in  difierent  parts  of  Europe  and  Asia  :  in  Britain  they  are  generally 
tnrm,  and  slightly  tomentose,  and  do  not  differ  greatly  in  magnitude  ;  but  in 
"    voods  of  Poland,  and  in  the  vast  steppes  of  Russia,  the  leaves  of  the 
i  pear  trees  are  commonly  white  with  down,  and  vary  so  exceedingly  in 
tbir  dimenaions.  as  to  include  what  are  called  the  willow-leaved,  the  sage- 
laved,  tlie   cliagn US-leaved,  and  other  narrow-leaved   varieties,  which   by 


420  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICF/IUM   BRITANNICUM* 

many  are  considered  to  be  species.  The  fruit  of  the  pear,  in  a  wild  state,  is 
seldom  more  than  a  fourth  part  of  the  size  of  even  tne  most  ordinary  culti- 
yated  varieties  ;  and  it  is  also  austere,  and  unfit  to  eat  The  plant  is  always 
found  on  a  dry  soil,  and  more  frequently  on  plains  than  on  hills  or  inoun- 
tains  ;  and  solitary,  or  in  small  groups,  rather  than  in  woods  and  forests.  The 
rate  of  growth  is  2  or  3  feet  a  year  for  the  first  6  or  7  years  ;  in  10  Tears 
il  will  attain  the  height  of  20  ft.  in  gardens ;  and  in  30  years  the  height  of 
50  ft.,  with  a  trunk  from  1  ft,  to  18  in.  in  diameter  ;  which  may  be  connTdeFed 
its  average  dimensions  in  Britain.  The  tree  is  of  great  longevity.  M.  Bosc 
says  that  he  has  seen  trees  that  were  considered  to  be  more  than  -KK)  years 
old ;  and  Mr.  Knight  believes  that  there  are  trees  of  the  Teynton  squash 
(a  famous  perry  pear)  which  existed  as  early  as  the  beginning  of  the  fifteenth 
century.  All  writers  on  trees,  from  Theophrastus  to  the  present  day,  agree 
that,  as  the  tree  grows  old,  it  increases  in  fruit  fulness  ;  which  is,  indeed,  the 
case  with  most  other  trees. 

The  wood  of  the  wild  pear  is  heavy,  strong,  compact,  of  a  fine  grain,  and 
slightly  tinged  with  red.  It  weighs,  green,  79  lb.  5  oz.  per  cubic  foot ;  and, 
when  dry,  from  49  lb.  to  53  lb.  This  wood,  in  common  with  that  of  all  the 
Rosacea,  is  liable  to  have  its  natural  colour  changed  by  steeping  it  in  water ; 
which  ought,  therefore,  to  be  avoided  when  it  is  intended  for  particular  pur- 
poses. It  is  readily  stained  black,  and  then  so  closely  resembles  ebony  as  to  be 
scarcely  distinguishable  from  it.  When  it  can  be  obtained,  it  is  much  used  by 
turners  and  pattern-makers ;  also  for  joiners'  tools,  and  to  make  various 
articles  which  are  dyed  black  in  imitation  of  ebony.  As  fuel,  the  wood  of 
the  pear  is  excellent,  producing  a  vivid  and  diu^ble  flame,  accompanied  by 
intense  heat.  It  also  makes  excellent  charcoal.  The  leaves,  according  to 
Withering,  afford  a  yellow  dye,  and  may  be  used  to  give  a  green  to  blue  cloths. 
The  great  use  of  the  pear  tree,  however,  is  as  a  fruit  tree.  The  fruit  is  used 
in  the  dessert,  and  for  stewing  and  preserving.  It  is  also  occasionally  used  in 
tarts,  though  very  inferior  for  this  purpose  to  apples.  In  France  and  belghun, 
the  firuit  is  very  generally  dried  in  ovens,  in  which  state  it  forms  an  article  of 
commerce  both  domestic  and  foreign,  and  will  keep  a  year.  It  is  also  dried  in 
this  manner  in  Russia;  and,  when  stewed,  is  excellent,  either  as  a  substitute 
for  pies  and  puddings,  or  as  forming  part  of  the  dessert.  It  is  essential  that 
tlie  soil  should  be  dry  ;  and,  where  the  tree  is  intended  to  grow  large  and  be 
productive,  it  ought  to  be  deep  and  good.  There  are  few  trees  better  adapted 
for  being  grown  in  hedgerows  than  the  fastigiate-growing  varieties  of  pear, 
because  their  roots  descend  perpendicularly,  and  can,  therefore,  never  inter- 
fere with  the  plough  ;  and  the  lieads,  whether  fastigiate  or  spreading,  it  is 
known  from  experience,  do  very  little  injury  to  pasture.  If,  therefore,  fasti- 
giate-growing trees,  producing  excellent  sorts  of  fruit,  were  planted  in  all 
hedges,  a  very  great  benefit  would  result  to  the  proprietors  and  to  the  public. 
The  wild  pear  is  continued  by  seed ;  and  the  varieties  cultivated  for  their 
fruit  are  budded  or  grafted  on  stocks  of  different  kinds.  For  the  poorer 
soils,  and  exposed  situations,  stocks  of  the  wild  pear  of  the  given  locality  must, 
doubtless,  be  the  best,  because  they  must  be  the  hardiest :  but  it  is  found  from 
experience,  and  it  is  consistent  with  physiological  principles,  that,  on  good 
sous,  or  where  the  pear  is  to  be  cultivated  entirely  as  a  fruit  tree,  both  the 
tree  and  the  fruit  will  grow  larger  when  the  stock  is  a  seedling  pear  of  some 
vigorous-growing  variety.  When  dwarf  trees  are  required,  the  pear  is  grafted 
on  the  quince,  the  medlar,  or  the  thorn ;  or  on  the  mountain  ash,  or  some 
other  species  of  iS6rbus.  It  grows  lemarkably  well  on  the  common  haw- 
thorn ;  though,  unless  the  graft  be  made  under  ^ound,  it  does  not  fonn  a 
very  safe  and  durable  tree  ;  because,  as  the  scion  mcreases  faster  in  diameter 
than  the  stock,  it  is  liable  to  be  blown  off.  When  the  graft,  however,  is 
made  close  to  the  surface  of  the  ground,  or  immediately  under  the  surfisce, 
the  root  swells  in  nearly  the  same  proportion  as  the  scion,  and  there  is  no 
danger  of  the  tree  being  blown  down,  or  of  its  not  bdog  sufficiently  long* 
lived. 


XXVI,  sosa'cea:  :  py^us, 


M/tMlkwrlim.  Dm.F.  Fr,  Ul.,  Id  ■  nott;  Prod.,  1  p.«M.: 
Irmitmi.  PolTw  S*u((r  lyOmrtk  Id  AN.  P%>.  £■».  NU 
f fntiivi,    Bot.  B«f .|  1403. 1  ADd  our  jff .  761. 

^w.CAflT,,^,  Branches  thick.  Biid«  totnentoie. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  entire,  tomentose  all  over 
«ben  youn^ ;  nhen  adult,  glubrous  on  the  upper 
luiface.  Fruit  thick,  long,  fit  for  makuiK  perry. 
WM  and  cultivated  about  Orleans,  in  France. 
(Dee,  Prod.)  Introduced  by  the  Loudon  Horti- 
cultural Society,  in  I8S6i  and,  in  our  opinion, 
Ofllj  a  variety  of  the  common  wild  penr.  '•'■  '■  l«-i  "ini*"i» 

T  3.  P.  (c.)  MVA-Lis  Un.JU.    The  *aoiiy-Uatied  Pear  Tree. 

Mnl/Ccolnii.      I.iD.  OL   Suppl..  lU. ;  Jar.  Fl.  Aiutr., 
fif^nofi.    JiHi,  n.  Auilr.,  t  lOT.  i  »nd  OUT  A-  T«- 

^Mr.  Char.,  ifc.  Leaves  oval,  entire,  obtuse, 
white  and  silky  beneath.  Corymbs  ter- 
tniaal.  Fruit  globose,  very  acid,  except 
vhen  ripe  and  beginning  to  decay,  when 
it  becomes  very  sweet.  IDec.  Prod.)  A 
native  of  the  Alps  of  Austria,  where  it 
^rows  to  the  hei^ljt  of  10  or  ISfeet.  It  ^ 
vas  introduced  into  the  Horticultural 
Society's  Garden  in  1826,  or  before ;  and 


thiok,  decidedly  only  a  variety,  i 
the  common  wild  pear. 


Thotdtt.     Tlie  Mount  8inu  Pear  Tree. 


laHiD.llH..  I.  Hat. 


422 


ARBORETUM    ET   PRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Synonymes.  P.  SInM  Detf.  Arb.  2.  p.  144.,  N.  Du  Ham,  6.  t.  57. ;  P.  p€nica  Pen.  %».  >■  p.«.i 
the  Mount  SJnai  MKllar.  .       .     .  _.. 

Engraptngt.  Mem.  Mu«.,  1.  t.  9. ;  N.  Du  Ham..  6.  L  57. ;  Dend.  Brit,  t.  49. ;  the  pbte  la  Arb 
Brit.,  Ifit  edit.,  vol.  vt . ;  and  our>^.  766. 

Spec.  Char.,  cj-c.  Very  much  branched,  and  spreading.  Buds  whitishly  pu- 
bescent. Leaves  ovate-oblong,  subacute,  very  minutely  crenated ;  whitislily 
pubescent  beneath,  above  glabrous  and  almost  shining ;  falling  off  late. 
(Dec.  Prod.)  A  native  of  Mount  Sinai,  whence  it  was  brought  to  the  Paris 
Garden  early  in  the  present  century,  and  introduced  into  England  in  182?0. 
It  so  closely  resembles  the  preceding  sort,  as  hardly  to  be  distinguishable 
from  it ;  and  we  have  no  doubt  that  seeds  of  either,  if  sown  to  a  consider- 
able extent,  would  produce  plants  of  these  and  several  other  kinds. 

i  5.  P.  (c.)  ^alicifo'lia  L.    The  Willow-leaved  Pear  Tree. 

Identification.    Lin.  Suppl.,  JSii. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  8.  p.  636. ;  Don's  MHL.  a.  p.  6«.  ,_x   »  ^ 

Synonymes,    P.  rfajagnlfblla  PalL  ;  P.  orientiUs  Horn.  Suppl.  52. ;  P.  (C.)  el««niR»Ua  Arb.  Brti, 

lit  edit  p.  889.  ^  ^    ^^^ 

Engravingt.    PaU.  lUn.,  8.  p.  874.  t  N.  f.3. ;  Fl.  Rof.,  1. 1.  9.{  and  our  Jig.  766. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Buds  whitely  toraentose. 
Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  entire, 
hoary,  particularly  upon  the  under  sur- 
face. The  disk  three  times  as  long  as  the 
petiole.  Flowers  upon  short  pedicels, 
disposed  in  corymbs,  a  few  in  a  corymb. 
(Dec.  Prod.)  A  native  of  Siberia,  com- 
mon in  the  deserts  between  the  rivers 
Cuma  and  Tercc  ;  and  found,  also,  on 
Caucasus,  and  in  Persia,  generally  ac- 
companied by  C.  Oxyacantha  and  Pri^nua 
spinosa.  It  was  introduced  into  England 
in  1780;  and  forms  a  very  distinct  va^ 
riety ;  attaining  the  height  of  20  or  25 
feet.  There  are  fine  trees  of  thb  sort, 
20  ft.  high,  at  White  Knights. 


766.   -p.  (cOoZictfMta. 

5  6.  P.  (c.)  i^MYGDALiPO  RMis  VU.  The  Almond-shaped  Pear  Tree. 

Dec  Suppl.,  631 . ;  Dec  Prod.. 

.  ^       _      _  P.  taliclfdiia  Lois.  Not.  79. 

ngraving. 

Spec.  Char,, 


Identification.     Vlll.  Cat.  Stra»b..  323. 

2.  p.  634. ;    Don's  Mill.,  2.  p.  622. 
Synrmymcs.  P.  tylvcsirii  Magnol.  Bot.  216 
Engraving.    OxxrJIg.  767. 

(fr.  Spiny.  Buds  tomentose.  Leaves 
oblong,  acute,  entire ;  tomentose  all  over  when  young ; 
when  adult,  glabrous  on  the  upper  surface.  The  disk 
six  times  longer  than  the  petiole.  Flowers  in  co- 
rymbs. (Dec.  Prod.)  Wild  in  rough  places  in  France, 
in  Provence,  Dauphiny,  and  Languedoc;  and  very 
closely  resembling  the  preceding  sorts.  It  was  intro- 
duced in  1810  ;  and  the  finest  plant  that  we  know  of 
it,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London,  is  at  Kenwood ; 
'  where  it  is  22  ft.  high,  with  a  very  irregular  picturesque 
head,  and  many  of  the  side  branches  sweeping  the 
ground.  In  May,  it  is  completely  covered  with  white 
blossoms,  and  in  autumn  with  small  green  fruit,  which 
drop  off  with  the  first  severe  frost. 

¥  7.  P.  sine'nsis  Lindl.    The  Chinese  Pear  Tree. 

Identification.    Lindl.  Hort.  Tram.,  6.  p.  39&  ;  Don't  Mill.,  2.  p.  G82. 

Synonymes.    PfTU%  comrnilnis  Lois.  Cochin,  p.  321. ;  P.  tinica  Bayte  lltm$tr.  p.  907. ;  Rl  ruli 

Japanese,  Ktempf.  Amcen.  fasc.  804. ;  the  Sandv  Pear,  Snow  Pear,  Sand  Pear;  Sba  L««,  4. 

Engravings.    Bot.  Reg.,  t.  1 148. ;  the  plate  in  Art).  Brit.,  lit  edit.,  vol.  ▼!. ;  and  our  fig.  TGft. 

Spec,  Char.,  Spc.  Leaves  cordate,  apiculated,  shining,  serrated,  and  when 
voung,  pubescent  beneath.  Peduncles  corymbose.  Calyx  glabrous  ioside. 
l^ruit  warted  and  bony.  (DorCt  MUi.)   A  deciduous  tree  of  the  middle 


Km, 


xnTi.  rosaVe^:  py  Rug, 


China  and  Cochin  China.    Hei^t  15fL  to  20ft.    Introduced  in  1830. 

Flowen  white,  •light]]'  tinted  with  pink.     Fruit   large,  edible,  j'ellowish 

g^eea  wbeo  ripe  ;  rarelj'  seen  in  England. 

Diflfen  from  the  common  pear  in  having  longer  and  greener  branches,  and 
larger,  more  lucid,  ond  almost  evergreen  leaves ;  insipid,  roundish,  warted, 
Ter^  grilty  fruit ;  and  a  calyx,  the  insiile  of  which  is  destitute  of  the  down  that 
is  found  on  all  the  varieties  of  the  European  pear.  The  fruit  is  perfectly 
hardy,  and  it  is  onuuuental ;  but  it  is  wortliless  as  a  fruit  tree.  It  vegetates 
verj  early  in  spring;  when  it  b  easily  recognised  by  the  deep  rich  brown  of  its 
young  leaves  and  shoots. 


P.  BOLLtrnXBCtiA'KJt  Dec      The  Bollwyller  Pear  Tree. 


424  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    URITANNICUM. 

Mrmll/lcaUaH.    DK.  FL  Fr.  SoppL,  p.  OO.  ;  Fml.,  3.  p.  04. ;  N.  Du  Huo..  &  f.  191.;  DoB'l  HOI., 

Suamyma.      P.  bollwylLcrilni  7.  AiaJt.  Afif.  I.  p.  n  Ic:    />.  PoLL>trfi  Lin.  Huil.  Bt.i  r,»- 

ricufiri.  KrHop  Pi™X.  1  p.  S*.  t.  «..  ucardlng  to  R.kh.nlMch. 
Eivrarii^M.    }.BnM.Wn,.\e  ;    Kooop  Fomol..  9- l>  l"- I.  <-.  Kcordinf  to  llflihailMFh  ;   M.Dl 

5;vr.  Char,,  SfC.  Buda  downy.  Leaves  ovnte,  coarsely'  ■erraCetl,  lomentOM 
beneath.  Flovern  nian^  in  a  corymb.  Fruit  top-shaped,  aniall,  ^elloaith 
within.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  deciduous  tree  of  the  middle  size,  with  but  fev 
BQcending  thick  coarite  brandies.  France,  at  Bollwyller  on  the  Rhine,  ii 
hedfjes,  but  rare;  possibly  a  hybrid  between  the  pear  and  apple.  Hn^t 
10  ft.  to  £0  it.  Introduced  in  1766.  Flowers  white ;  April  and  May.  Fruit 
greenish  brown :  ripe  in  September. 

A  very  distinct  variety,  with  large  rough  leavea,  having  somewhat  the  ip- 
pearance  of  those  of  the  apple.  The  fruit  is  turbinate,  small,  orange  yellov, 
end  unfit  to  eat.  The  tree  produces  fewer  branches  than  any  other  apecics  v 
variety  of  pear;  and  these  branches  are  upright,  thick,  and  rigid. 

J  9.  P.  TiHioLo's*  Wall.    The  variable-'^ienf  Pear  Tree. 


Spec,  Ckar.,  j-c.     Leavet  ovate,  acuminated,  crenated,  glabroui  in  the  adult 
Hate,  on  long  petioles;  when  young,   clothed  with  yellowiafa  tnmeitum 
beneath.     Umbel*  terminal.     Pedicds  and  calyxea  woolly.  (Don'i  MSL) 
A  deciduous  tree.   Nepal  and  Kamaon.   Height,  in  its  native  country,  40  ft. 
to  M>  ft. ;  in  England  10  ft.  to  15  ft.     Introduced  in  18ES.     Flowers  white, 
slightly  tinged  with  pink ;  April  and  May.     Fruit  pear->h«f>ed ;  ripe  in  Oc- 
tober, and  remaining  on  the  tree  in  the  climate  of  London  all  the  winter; 
eatable,  like  that  of  the  medlar,  in  a  state  of  incipient  decay. 
In  the  open  air,  in  mild  winters,  this  species  is  sub-evergreen ;  and,  (if>ainst  a 
wall,  in  the  HorticutturBt  Society's  Garden,  it  is  completely  so.     If  forau  a 
very  handsome  tree,  but  is  rather  tender,  having  been  killed  to  within  a  few  leeC 
uf  the  ground,  in  several  places  in  tha  neighbourhood  of  Londoik,  bj  tbe  winter 


XXVI.  aosa'cex:  pv'rl's. 

ripev  and  which,  according  to  Dr.  Roylc,  U  not  eatable  nniil  it  it  Bomewbat 
decayed.  The  rdae  at  the  leaves,  ajtd  the  eDtire  plant,  are  tinged  with  raldith 
brown.  The  jouag  seedlings  of  this  ipecies,  and  also  the  root  Bboots  from 
Iilana  cut  down,  have  the  leaves  cut  like  a  Cratx'gus  or  Sorbus. 

T   10.  P.  MiCHAU'i/f  Bote.     Michaux's  Pear  Tree. 

Iilcnll/laHom.    Bhc  In  Pnir  Supply  <.  p.  UI. ;  Don'!  Mil).,  E.  p.  sit. 
Eiitrniat.    OurjV-ni.  ftomiipBduiEalDDr,  Hooher'i  becbuluBi. 

Spec.  CAar,,  S/c.     Leaves  ova],  quite  entire,  acutish,  glabrous  on 
both  surtaces,  and  shinins  above.     Peduncles  u.iuat1y  twin, 
when  bearing  the  fruit  thick  and  woody.     Fruit  globose. 
(Don'i  Mill.)  A  deciduous  tree.     North  America.     Height 
15  ft.  to  SO  ft.     Introduced  in   1837.     Flowers?. 
There  are  plants  of  this  species  in  the  Hort.  Sac.  Oerdeo, 
'^lome  of  the  London   nur- 
;  but  they  are  too  smaM  to 
enable  us  (o  form  any  judeeuicnt 
as  to  the  kind  of  tree  whicE  ihey 
'   will  ultimately  form. 

1  11.  P.  I'NDicA  Coldr.   The  Indian  Pear  Tree. 
"njfluaiK    CoMir.  Will.  PI.  Ru.  AlUt,  «.  Lin. ;  Dob'i 

fapwHfl.     Wall.  PL  Rir.  Ailat.,  t  t.  173.  ;  mi  aaJIg.Tlt. 

Spic.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  or  ovate-cordate, 
acute,  serrulated,  ghtbrous,  white  beneath,  as 
well  as  the  petioles  and  calyxes ;  in  the  young 
plants  lobed.  Claws  of  the  petals  shorter  than 
the  caljz.  Umbels  sessile,  few-flowered.  Styles 
nllons  at  the  base.  {Don'i  Mill.)  A  J  iciduoua 
tree.  Bengal,  on  the  mountaing  of  Sylhet. 
Hi^ti5ft.to?0ft.  Introd.?.  Flowers  white ; 
Nay.  Fruit  about  the  size  of  a  wild  pear:  ripe 
in  October.  jTk^.Baw, 

§  ii.  i/Ldlta, 

*rt.  Oar.  Petals  spreading,  flat.  Styles  5,  more  or  less  strictly  connate  at 
the  base.  Pome  mostly  globose,  depressed,  and  invariably  hanng  a  conca- 
^  ?J  ""J™*-  P'owers  in  corymbs.  Leaves  simple,  not  glanded.  (Drc. 
Prod.) — TWa  section  includes  all  the  apples  and  crabs. 

*   lit.  F.  jlfA^LUS  L.     The  commcM,  or  loiM,  Apple  Tree. 
'6»'°'Dm'-J^l*l"''6M!'*'"°"*  *■''■**■'  ^"^  *'''^->  »*  o'l'-.  II  !»  1  Dec. 
_^„... 

Spec.  Char.,  ^e.  Leaves  ovate,  acute,  crenated,  woolly  on 
the  under  surface.  Flowers  in  corymbs.  Tube  of  calyx 
woolly.  Styles  glabrous,  [pec.  Prod.)  A  deciduous  tree. 
Europe  in  woods  and  wastes ;  frequent  in  hedges. 
Hdf^t  80  ft.  to  30  ft.,  sometimes  50  ft.  In  cultivation  as  a 
fruit  tree  from  time  immemorial.  Flowers  while,  tinged 
with  pink ;  May.  Fruit  red  and  yellow  j  ripe  in  October,  i 
Decaying  leaves  brownish.  \ 

Cultivated  in  gardens,  it  is  wholly,  or  conjointly  with  other 

tpedea  or  races,  the  parent  of  innumerable  varieties,  termed, 


r    FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUH. 

«d  apple  treea;  and  in  France,  pominien  doui, 
9  adopt  I  he  speciBc  name  /faliu,  to  indicate 
form,  for  the  sake  of  convenience,  though  muj' 
:  derived  not  only  front  ihe  wild  apple,  or  crab, 
:  of  Siberia.  We  shall  designate  thcK  cralu  u 
terwards  make  a  selection  from  the  cultivated 
litable  for  being  planted  for  their  umber,  or  u 


The  souT-frmled  Apple  Tree,  m 


m  Cr^. 


_      _      _  jr<n(  ri.  rmr.  IW..  0* 

Dttf.iP.  uuiu  tfUiiitii  n. Out  t.  iioi.i  r.  Jfiiuta^ 

m.  Ft.  1  H<ili4pre1lMuiD.O«-.i  Hetoul>Uln>.  Jut. 
bt*  Id  Atb.  Btlt.,  in  dUl.,  loL  (L  I  ud  oarjV-  Tl*. 
t,  acute,  crenated,  slabroiu  even  when  jronng- 
e  of  the  calyx 
native  of  woods 

This  form,  ac- 
elds  many  sub- 
led,  in  Britain, 

generally,  pom- 


te,  acuminated, 
:le«  pubescent. 
tjles  woolly  at 


XXVI.  RoBA^cEX:  py'rus. 


427 


die  base ;  and,  ai  ^^kbts  froin  MU/.  Ic,  t.  260.,  with  the  stylea  twice  as 

Ido^  as  the  stunetu,  anil  the  fruit  subglobose,  yellowish,  and  auttere.  ( Dec, 

Prod.)  A  native  of  Siberia ;  introduced  in  ITis. 

According  to  Mr.  Knight,  lome  of  the  Rnest  varielieB  nused  by  him  nre  from 
oiliiiated  apples  fecundated  with  the  biosEoms  of  this  tree.  The  progeny, 
he  fojnd,  ronned  mare  hardy  trees  than  any  other  kinds,  and  producol  eariier 
uid  more  highly  flAToured  fruit. 


■..  L  10. !  Dm    Prod..  1.  p.  «M. 
I  in  Arb.  Brit.,  In  «dll..  rol.  •!.  i 


Spec.  Char.,  j-c.  Disks  of  leaves  ovate,  acute,  eqtudly  terrated,  elabrous,  the 
length  of  the  petiole.  Flowers  grouped.  Sepals  deciduous,  (Dec.  Prod,) 
A  luitive  of  Siberia  aud  Dahuria,  ana  only  difTfring  from  the  preceding  sort, 
of  which  it  is,  doubtless,  a  suhvariety,  in  not  baviug  a  persistent  calyx. 


1   16.  P.  (Af.)  o 


W,     The  diixdouB-«.r«f  Apple  Tree. 


.    P.  i^UU  ilibicjL  if, 
S^gnmni.  'OurA*S8.1°P"W 

Spec.  Char.,  4-r,  Leaves  oval,  serrated,  tomentose  beneath.  Flowers,  in  many 
instances,  solitary.  Sexes  dioecious,  by  defect.  Calyx  tomentose.  Petals 
linear,  the  length  of  the  sepals.  Styles  glabrous.  (D^.Prod.)  Not  diflcr- 
ing  in  extemafappeanuice  B^m  a  crab  or  apple  tree.  Horticultural  Society's 
Uardeo. 

■E   17.  P.  (M,) 


.  Dec.    The  Astrachan  A[^e  Tree. 

ad.  I.  S.  p.  4W. )  TmupvcM  <tE  HokotIc  i  Claaib 


U^mt^caritm.    Dae  run.,  i  p.  w». ;  titm  • 
Stniomti'<ti.    Jniiu  ulnciatu  Dum.  Qmri 
XtUnOe:  Oh  tnupirnit  Crib  ol  Enillib 
Eagrmmmg.    OurA.  KM  tup.  IIW. 

^Kc.   CAar„  ijc      Leaves  oval-oblong,  acute,  partially  doubly  serrated  ;  pale 


428  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

beneath,  and  the  nerves  there  villose  ;  above  glabrous,  except  being  tligbtljr 
downy  on  the  midrib.  A  native  of  the  country  around  Astrachan,  on  the 
testimony  of  pardeners.  (Dec,  Prod,)  A  very  ornamental  tree,  from  the 
beauty  of  its  fruit,  which  it  produces  freely,  and  which  is  also  good  to  eat. 

Varietiet  of  P.  Maltu  cultivated  for  their  Fruit,  From  the  above  forms,  we 
think  it  may  safely  be  presumed,  that  all  the  apples  cultivated  for  the  dessert  or 
the  kitchen  have  been  obtained,  either  by  selection  from  seedlings,  or  by 
cross-fecundation  ;  and  that  no  other  wild  sort  has  been  used,  unless,  perhaps, 
we  except  Pyrus  coronariu  ;  which,  however,  we  have  never  heard  of  as  being 
em*ployed  In  cross-fecundation.  These  garden,  or  cultivated,  varieties,  as  will 
hereafler  appear,  are  very  numerous ;  but  the  following  selection  of  sorts, 
which  are  handsome-growing  trees,  or  have  fruit  of  a  particular  character,  has 
been  made  for  us  by  Mr.  Thompson,  of  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden, 
from  the  collection  under  his  care  :  — 

The  Red  Astrachan,  Tlie  tree  is  middle>sized,  with  a  branchy  head  ;  the  fruit 
is  of  a  bright  red,  with  a  fine  bloom  like  that  of  a  plum.  This  is  one  form  of 
the  sort  which  DeCandoUe  has  designated  as  P,  astracdnica:  our  No.  19. 
1t%e  White  Astrachan,  or  transparent  Crab  of  Moscow.  The  tree  resembles 
the  preceding  sort,  but  has  the  branches  tending  upwards  when  young,  and 
afterwards  becoming  pendulous.  The  fruit  is  of  a  wax  colour,  with  a  fine 
bloom  on  it,  and  is  almost  transparent.  This  is  another  form  of  P.  (A£.) 
astracanica.  It  is  known  in  English  nurseries  under  the  name  of  the  trans- 
parent crab. 
The  Black  Crab  is  a  tree  of  the  middle  size,  with  very  dark  small  fruit  of  no 

value  as  such. 
77ie  Court  pendu  plat  is  a  remarkably  dwarf-growing  tree,  and  so  late  in  flower- 
ing, that  the  leaves  are  expanded  before,  or  at  the  same  time  as,  the  flowers  ; 
and,  consequently,  the  latter  are  seldom,  if  ever,  injured  by  frost :  for  which 
reason,  it  is  commonly  called  by  gardeners  the  wise  apple.  Graf^  on  the 
French  paradise  stocK,  the  tree  mu^-  be  kept  of  a  size  not  larger  than  that  of 
a  gooseberry  bush ;  in  which  state  it  will  bear  fruit  in  abundance  and  of  good 
flavour. 
The  Lincolnshire  Holland  Pippin  is  remarkable  for  the  large  size  of  its  blossoms. 

Its  fruit  keeps  till  February. 
The  Tulip  Apple  is  a  ereat  bearer  of  fruit  which  is  of  a  very  bright  red. 
The  Violet  Apple  has  miit  of  a  violet  colour,  covered  with  a  bloom  like  that  of 

the  plum. 
The  Cherry  Crab,  or  Cherry  Apple,  is  a  subvariety  of  P.  {M.)  bacckta.     The 
tree  is  spreading,  with  drooping  branches ;  and  the  fruit  is  numerous,  and 
about  the  size  and  colour  of^a  large  cherry. 
T^e  Supreme  Crab  has  fruit  rather  larger  than  the  preceding  sort.     The  tree  is 

of  robust  growth,  and  the  branches  are  somewhat  erect. 
Bigg's  Everlasting  Crab  was  raised  in  the  Cambridge  Botanic  Garden,  by  Mr. 
Biggs,  the  curator,  from  seeds  received  from  Siberia  in  18 1^.  It  is  a  vi- 
gorous-growing tree,  with  pendulous  branches  and  abundance  of  finiit, 
which,  in  form  and  character,  are  intermediate  between  P.  (3f.)  prunifolia 
and  P.  (M,)  bacc^ta,  and  which  remain  on  the  trees  long  after  ChrisUnas. 
In  sheltered  situations,  and  mild  winters,  this  tree  appears  ahnost  a  sub- 
evergreen. 

The  apple  tree,  whether  in  a  wild  state  or  cultivated,  is  by  no  means  so 
handsome  in  form  as  the  pear  tree,  though  its  blossoms  are  much  more  orna- 
mental, and  are,  besides,  fragrant.  It  seldom  grows  above  half  the  height  of 
the  pear  tree ;  the  oldest  apple  trees  known  in  Europe  not  being  above  30  or 
35  feet  in  height.  The  trunk  is  generally  crooked,  and  the  branches  rambling 
horizontally  when  young,  and  when  old  becoming  pendulous.  The  diameter  of 
the  head  is  also  often  greater  than  the  height  of  the  tree.  The  apple  tree  is 
much  more  liable  to  the  canker,  and  other  diseases,  than  the  pear  tree.  The 
wood  of  the  apple  tree,  in  a  wild  state,  is  fine-grained,  liard,  and  of  a  brownish 


XXVI.  jiosa'cea:  py^rus^ 


429 


colour;  and  that  of  the  cultivated  apple  tree  is  said  to  be  of  a  still  finer  and  closer 
grain,  which  is  a  result  of  cultivation  contrary  to  what  is  usual     The  weight 
of  the  wood  of  the  apple  tree  varies  much  according  to  the  locality  in  which 
it  is  grown.     In  a  green  state,  it  weighs  from  48  lb.  to  66  lb.  per  cubic  foot ; 
and  it  loses  from  an  eighth  to  a  twelfth  of  its  bulk  in  drying,  and  about  a  tenth 
of  its  weight.    The  wood  of  the  cultivated  tree  wei^s  heavier  than  that  of 
the  wild  tree,  in  the  proportion  of  about  66  to  45.     The  tree,  as  an  object  in 
landsc  ipe  scenery,  cannot  be  recommended  as  harmonising  well  with  other 
forms ;  but,  as  it  has  a  character  of  its  own,  and  as  the  fiiiit  is  of  the  greatest 
use  to  the  poor,  as  well  as  to  the  rich,  it  deserves  introduction  into  every 
hedgerow  and  every  orchard.     For  hedgerows,  it  is  more  especially  desirable, 
as,  though  not  so  fastisiate  as  the  pear,  it  does  very  little  injury  to  the  crops 
by  its  shade ;  and  it  may  be  added,  that,  in  nurseries  and  market-gardens,  the 
former  more  especially,  young  trees  of  almost  every  kind  thrive  under  the 
shade  both  of  the  apple  and  the  pear.    The  crab  is  used  as  a  stock  for  the  cul- 
tivated apple,  and  for  all  the  other  species  and  varieties  of  this  division  of  the 
genus ;  but,  as  we  have  before  observed,  it  will  not  serve  as  a  stock  for  the 
pear,  or  any  of  the  plants  included  in  that  or  the  other  divisions  of  Pyrixs, 
In  France,  and  also  m  some  parts  of  Germany,  the  thorny  wild  apple,  or  cnib, 
is  formed  into  live  hedges,  the  branches  of  which,  according  to  Agricola,  are 
inarched  into  each  other,  in  order  to  give  them  more  strength  to  resist  cattle. 
The  fruit  of  the  crab,  in  the  forests  of  France,  is  a  great  resource  for  the 
wild  boar ;  and  it  is  also  given  in  that  country  to  swine  and  cows.     A  drink 
of  it,  called  boisson,  is  made  in  some  parts  of  France,  as  well  as  in  England ; 
and  verjuice  is  a  well-known  description  of  vinegar  produced  from  the  most 
austere  of  the  fruit.    The  bark  affords  .a  yellow  dye  ;  and  the  leaves  are  eaten 
by  horses,  cows,  sheep,  and  goats.    Pomatum,  according  to  Gerard,  was  so 
called  fi-om  its  being  anciently  made  of  the  pulp  of  apples  beaten  up  with 
**  swine's  grease  "  (lard)  and  rose-water.    The  uses  of  tne  apple  as  an  eatable 
fruit  arc  very  numerous,  and  well  known.     The  apple,  as  a  fruit  tree,  will  do 
no  good,  except  in  a  fertile  soil  and  a  sheltered  situation.     All  the  best  ap()le 
orchards  of  England,  and  more  especially  those  of  the  cider  districts,  it  has 
been  observed  by  geologists,  follow  the  tract  of  red  sandstone,  which  stretches 
across  the  island  from  Dorsetshire  to  Yorkshire.     It  has  been  observed  in 
Ireland  (see  Dubfm  Soc.  Tratu,),  that  the  best  orchards  there  are  on  lime- 
stone gravel ;  and,  in  Scotland,  that  the  few  orchards  which  are  to  be  found 
in  that  country  are  on  soils  more  or  less  calcareous.     On  the  Continent,  the 
two  districts  most  famous  for  apple  trees  are  Normandy   and  the  Vale  of 
Stuttgard  ;  and  the  subsoil,  in  both  countries,  is  well  known  to  be  limestone. 
In  short,  every  kind  of  fruit,  to  be  brought  to  perfection,  requires  a  soil  more 
or  less  calcareous. 

The  propagation  and  culture  of  the  apple  are  the  same  as  those  of  the 
pear  tree.  Wild  crabs,  like  wild  pears,  are  gathered  when  they  are  fully  ripe, 
and  either  laid  in  a  heap  to  rot,  or  passed  between  fluted  rollers,  and  the 
crushed  fruit  pressed  for  the  juice,  which  is  made  into  an  inferior  kind  of  cider 
or  perry,  and  the  seeds  are  afterwards  separated  from  the  pomace  by  macer- 
ation in  water  and  sifting.  The  apple,  like  the  pear,  may  be  grafted  on  the 
common  thorn ;  but  it  does  not  form  nearly  so  desirable  a  tree  on  that  stock 
as  the  pear  does,  and  therefore  crab  stocks  are  always  to  be  preferred.  As 
a  fruit  tree,  where  it  is  intended  to  be  grown  as  a  dwarf,  the  paradise  stock 
effects  for  it  what  the  quince  does  for  the  pear,  and  the  Ccrasus  Mahdlcb  for 
the  cherry.  (See  Ena/c.  ofGard.,  edit.  1835.) 

S  f.   18.  P.  CORONA^RIA  L.     The  garland^/^oumng  Apple  Tree. 

UemtiflcmHom.    Llo.  Sp.,  687. }  Dec  Prod.,  2.  p.  63ft. ;  Don't  Mill.,  S.  p.  647. 
Smrnm^mt*.     JAlus  coronftrla  MUL  \  Crab  Apple,  U>e  sweet-tcentcd  Crab.  Amer. 
RmgfwimM.     N.  Da  Ham.,  6.  pi.  44.  f.  1. ;  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  2009. ;  Mkhx.  Arb.,  a.  t.  66.;  the  plate  la 
Art>.  Bnt^  In  edit.,  vol.  ▼!. ;  and  ova  Jig.  777. 

Spec,   Char,y  i^c.     Leaves  broadly  ovate,  rounded  at  the  base,  subangulnte. 
serrated,  smooth.      Peduncles    in   corymbs,  glabrous.     Flowers   odorous. 


'RUTICETUM    BRiTANNICUM 


they  drop  off.  The  fruit  is  flstlj  orbicolatf, 
rom  the  tree,  and  becoming  yellow  after  ljiii» 
re.  Prod.)  A  deciduous  or  Bub-evergreen  tre.-. 
'aniato  Carolina,  and  more  e»peciiill)  abundant 
mia  and  Virginia.  Height  15  ft.  to  I8ft.,"iih 
leter;  sometimes  23  ft.  high.  Introduced  in 
with  pink,  violet-scented  1  May.  Fruit  ((reen, 
in  October.  Decaying  leaves  green,  violtl- 
Srst  severe  frosti  but  in  mild  winter*  remain- 

and  the  fruit  are  retained  much  longer  on  the 
uropean  crab ;  so  much  eo.  that  in  very  mild 
,  It  might  be  almost  considered  sub-evergreen, 
i  form  of  the  fruit,  and  the  lobed  and  vehied 
this  sort  of  jValuB  easily  distinguished  (rom 
eness  of  character,  and  the  fragrance  of  the 
ncM  of  their  appearance  (which  is  in  the  end 
ble  tree  in  eveiy  shrubbery,  however  smali- 

I'LiA  Ait.     The  narrow-leaved  Apple  Tree. 
1 1  Punk  Fl.  Amar.  Sepi.,  I.  M.  i  Dn.  Pnnl.,  1  p.  (39.  i 

n.  t  11.  f.<r,.upaatlifiuilhDrlUiirV'1UdRI0>,(iKl  n-au. 

rt<.  Jrb.  ^.  p.  141. 1  i'.  nOmlU  Sort. 

7.;  N.  I>uHun..ll.U.f.  1;  WW.D<n)d.,l.ll!.  iBot. 

.  lanceolate-oblong,  dentatcly  serrated,  tapered 
*ers  in  corymbs.  (Zfcro.  Prod.)  A  dedduoui 
.  Carolina,  in  woods.  Hei^t  15  ft.  to  SO  ft 
en  pale  blush;  May  or  June.     Fruit  green; 

lort  in  having  the  leaves  narrower  and  the 
lore  decidedly  sub-evergreen,  and  in  haring 


XXVt.    fiOSACES:    /TfHUS. 


]etul-colour«d  speckled  branches.  Notwithstending  all  these  points  of  dir. 
ference,  however,  it  bears  such  a  general  resemblance  to  P,  corooikriit,  that 
we  miDot  doubt  its  being  onlj'a  variety  of  it.  The  fruit  is  intensely  add,  tike 
that  t^  P.  coron^ia  ;  but  it  is  touch  narrawer  and  smaller. 


All.  Hart  K€w,  t.  p.  IIS, ;  Cart.  Bot.  1U(.,  t  SR. ;  Dec.  P»d.,  a.  n.  G3B. ;  Don't 
_  ,. -JS. 
■a.    Miiiai^)[t<liaiDif.Arb.^r.\*l^  y.  &■  ffim.S.  p.  HI. ;  MUui  iJninili  Own. 

~      Uu.,  t.  9KT.  I  K.  Du  Hub.,  S,  1.  tl  t.  X.  i  Ihs  plue  of  tba  iiKda  In  Arb.  Brit, 

Spec.  Char ,  ^.  Leaves  oval-oblong,  serrated,  smooth.  Flowers  in  sessile 
umbels,  many  in  an  umbel ;  large,  and  very  elegant :  at  first  of  an  btense 
rose-colour,  but  afterwards  of  a  pale  one.  Tube  of  calyx  smooth.  Petals 
orate,  clawed.  Styles  woolly  at  the  base.  (Dec.  Frid.)  A  deciduous 
tree,  thickly  crowded  with  upnght  brBnchca,  which  at  length  become  spread- 
ing. China.  Hd^ht  20  ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  ITSO.  Flowers  pink, 
large,  showy ;  April  and  May.  Fruit  greenish  yellow,  and  unfit  to  eat  till 
it  b  in  a  state  of  incipient  decay. 

This  n  by  far  the  most  sliowy  of  ail  the  difirent  species  of  Pyna,  both  of 
Ihi*  and  of  the  other  sections.  The  flowers  are  semidoublc,  and  of  a  pale 
rose-colour;  but  before  Ihey  are  expanded,  the  flower  buds,  which  are  larse, 
appear  of  a  deep  red.  In  this  state  the  tree  is  extremely  beautiful.  The 
itamens  and  pistils  are  much  more  numerous  than  in  the  other  species ;  the 
foriner  sometimes  exceeding  40,  and  the  latter  SO.  The  fi'uit  is  small,  irr^u- 
larly  round,  angular,  and  about  the  size  of  a  cherry  :  it  is'of  a  yellow  colour 
when  ripe,  but  is  without  flavour,  and  is  only  &t  to  eat  when  in  a  state  of 
incipient  decay  ;  at  which  period  it  takes  the  colour  and  taste  of  the  medlar. 
No  garden,  whether  large  or  small,  oiiglil  to  be  without  this  tree. 


't)H    BRITANNICUM. 


Bg  Plmli  m  SriliiA  Gardaa. 
%U  MiU.  8.  p.  Gil.  i  P.  nor.  $p. 
bush,  with  many  steins  rising  fnMi 
!ntose:Hnd  umbellate  flowers,tiii> 


Dec. 

:f  les  mostly  2 — 3.  Pome  globose. 
uncles  branched.  Leaves  simple. 
(Dec.  Prod.,  ii.  p.  635.)— Deddu- 

urope,  and  of  Asia  ;  chiefly  fouod 
varying  much  under  culuvntion. 
'  great  confusion. 


White  Beam  Tree. 


XXVI,  fiosAcEf:  Pv'rus.  4?3 

*  P.  A.  I  obrn^uiia  Dec.  Prod,  iu  p.  636.,  ami  Fl.  Dan.  t.  30g.;  P.  A 

ovalis  Horl. — Leaves  broadlji  ovate,  and  obttue. 
T  P,  A.  2  aculi/olia  Dec.  Prod.  1.  c.  Crata'^ua  longifolia  N.  Du  Ham. 

4.  t.  34. ;  ?  /•/nia  alpina  Wm.  Enum.  327.  —The  \ea\es  are  ovale. 

oblong  and  acute. 
t  P,  A.  3  vnduIiUa   Lindl.   Hort.  Tran?.  vii.  p.  834.,  and  the  plate  in 

Arb.  Brit,  lat  edit.  vol.  vi.,  and  oaifig.  780.,  hu  the  leaves  Hat,  oval- 


lanceolate,  broail,  undulated,  unequally  and  deeply  serrated,  acumi- 
nated, and  cobwebbed  above. 
\  P.  k.ianguttifolia  Lindl.  1.  c,  P.  A.  longifiilb  Horl.,  has  the  leaves 

oval,  obtuse,  concave,  somewhat  simply  serrated,  woolly  above. 
T  P.  A.  5  ru^a  Lindl.  I.e.  —  Leaves  lar^je,  ovnte-elliptic,  doubly  «er- 

rsled,  shuiing  above  and  wrinkled,  white  beneath. 
I  P.  A.  ttcretfco  Undl.  I.e.    P. ..i.rotunditalia  Hort.;  P.  grie'ca  Wort.  ; 
P.  X  eduiis  Hort.;  Crat«'gus  gne'ea  Hurt.  —  Leaves  flat,  orbicu- 
larly elliptic,  crenately  lierrated,  refuse,  cuneated  at  the  base ;  srnooth 
above,  and  hoBry  beneath.     Branches  cobwebbed. 
»  P.  A.  T  btiUata   Lindl.  Hort,  Trans,   vii,   p.  23+.,  P.   A.  aciuninula 
Hart.,  has  the  leaves  concave,  elliptic,  acuminated,  blintcred  ;  closely 
serrsted  at  the  apex,  but  entire  at  the  base. 
The  rate  of  growth,  when  the  tree  is  young  and  in  a  good  soil,  is  from  J8  in. 
1  ih.  a'year :  after  it  has  attained  the  height  of  15  or  20  feet  it  grows  much 
"'wer ;  and,  at  the  age  of  twenty  or  thirty  years,  it  grows  very  slowly ;  but 
i  tree  of  great  duration.     The  roots  descend  very  deep,  and  spread  vcrj' 
le ;  and  the  head  of  the  tree  is  less  affected  by  prevailing  winds  than  almost 
■T  other.     In  the  most  exposed  situations,  on  the  Highland  mountains,  this 
tw  B  Kldom  seen  above  10  or  15  feet  high ;  but  it  is  always  stilf  and  erect. 


434 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


In  Britain  it  is  later  in  coming  into  leaf  than  any  other  indigenous  tree,  except 
the  ash.     It  bears  lopping,  and  permits  the  ^rass  to  grow  under  it. 

The  wood  is  very  haroTof  a  fine  close  grain,  yellowish  white,  and  susceptible 
of  a  high  polish.  In  a  green  state,  it  has  a  strong  smell,  which  it  retains,  in  a 
slight  degree,  even  after  it  is  dried.  It  weighs,  in  that  state,  55  lb.  6  oz.  per 
cubic  foot.  It  may  be  stained  of  any  colour,  and  is  much  used  in  the  smaller 
manufactures,  such  as  making  handles  to  knives  and  forks,  wooden  spoons, 
&c. ;  and  for  musical  instruments,  and  various  turnery  articles.  It  was  uni- 
versally employed  as  cogs  for  wheels  till  cast  iron  became  generally  substituted 
for  it.  'Phe  leaves  are  eaten  both  by  goats  and  sheep.  The  fruit  is  acid  and 
astringent ;  but  it  is  not  disagreeable  to  eat,  when  it  is  in  a  state  of  incipient 
decay.  Dried,  and  reduced  to  powder,  it  has  been  formed  into  a  sort  of 
bread,  which  has  been  eaten,  both  in  France  and  Sweden,  in  years  of  great 
scarcity.  Fermented,  the  fruit  affords  a  beer ;  or,  by  distillation,  a  powerful 
spirit.  It  is  greedily  eaten  by  small  birds ;  on  which  account  the  trees  are 
ordered  to  be  preserved  in  the  French  forests,  that  the  number  of  birds  may 
be  increased,  in  order  to  keep  down  the  insects.  The  fruit  is  also  the  food  of 
squirrels ;  and,  when  it  drops,  of  the  wild  boar,  the  deer,  the  hedgehog,  &c. 

As  an  ornamental  tree,  the  white  beam  has  some  valuable  properties.  It  is 
of  a  moderate  size,  and  of  a  definite  shape ;  and  in  summer,  when  clothed 
with  leaves,  it  forms  a  compact  green  mass,  till  it  is  ruffled  by  the  wind,  when 
it  suddenl]^  assumes  a  mealy  whiteness.  In  the  winter  season,  the  tree  is  at- 
tractive from  its  smooth  branches,  and  its  large  green  buds.  When  the  tree 
is  covered  with  its  fruit,  it  is  exceedingly  ornamental.  Among  the  different  va- 
rieties enumerated,  P.  A.  erotica  is  by  far  the  most  distinct :  but  all  of  then 
are  well  deserving  of  cultivation. 

A  calcareous  and  dry  soil  is  essential ;  and  the  tree  will  not  attain  a  timber 
size  unless  it  is  placed  in  an  airy  situation.  The  situation  may  be  exposed  to 
the  highest  and  coldest  winds  that  prevail  in  this  country,  and  yet  the  tree 
will  never  fail  to  grow  erect,  and  produce  a  regular  head  ;  and,  for  this  reason, 
no  tree  is  better  adapted  for  sheltering  houses  and  gardens  in  very  exposed 
situations. 

The  species  may  be  raised  from  seed,  and  the  varieties  be  grafted  on  stocks 
of  the  species  of  the  pear,  of  the  Cratae^gus,  and  even  of  the  quince  and  med- 
lar ;  which  trees,  it  is  almost  unnecesjiary  to  add,  may  be  reciprocally  grafted 
on  the  white  beam  tree.     When  plants  are  to  be  raised  from  seed,  the  seeds 
should  be  sown  as  soon  as  the  fruit  is  ripe ;  otherwise,  if  kept  till  spring,  and 
then  sown,  they  will  not  come  up  till  the  spring  following.     When  it  is  incon- 
venient to  sow  them  immediately  after  they  are  gathered,  they  may  be  mixed 
with  soil,  and  treated  like  haws  (see  Pyrus  aucuparia) ;  and,  if  sown  in  the 
March  following,  they  will  come  up  the  same  season.     The  varieties  may  be 
propagated  by  cuttings,  or  by  layering  ;  but  they  root  by  both  modes,  with 
great  difficulty.     Layers  require  to  be  made  of  the  young  wood,  and  to  remain 
attached  to  the  stool  for  two  years. 

It  22.  P.  (A.)  iNTERME'DtA  Ehrh.     The  intermediate  White  Beam  Tree 

Identification.    Ehrh.  Bekr.,  4.  p.  SO. ;  Doc.  Prod.,  SL  p.  636.  ;  Don*«  Mill.,  a.  p.  647. 
Synonyme*.    Crate'guf  iTria  fi  Lin.  Sp.  681. ;   C.  wckndlcsL  Wakienb.  FL  Up*.  16&  ;  C  SQ^cka  JtC. 
Hort.  Kcw.  167. ;  AlUier  de  Fontoineblcau,  fV. ;  Schwodlscher  Mehlbaum,  Ger. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  ovate,  incisely  lobed,  tomentose  beneath,  with  while 
appressed  tomentum.  Corymbs  fiat.  Fruit  eatable.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  de^ 
ciduous  tree.  Europe,  in  France,  Germany,  and  Sweden,  and  also  in  Wales 
and  Scotland.  Height  15  ft.  to  20  ft.  Flowers  and  fruit  as  in  the  preceding 
kind. 

Varietiet.     DeCandoUe  has  described  the  two  following  forms  of  this  species : 

t  P.  (A.)  t.  1  latifilia.  Cratse'gus  latifolia  Poir.  Diet.  4.  p.  444^  Dm 
Ham.  Arb,  1.  t.  80.,  N.  Du  Ham.  4.  t.  35.;  S6ibuB  latifolia  iVn. ; 
Cratae^gus  dentata  Thuil.  Fl.  Par,  —  Leaves  broadly  ovate.  A  —  * 
of  the  woods  of  Fontainebleau. 


xxTi.  rosa'cejE:  i-Y^oa. 


I  P.  (A.)  i.  8  angaifif^a.    P.  ediilb 
Wm.  En.  p.  58T.  (Wats.  Dend. 
Brit.,t,58.;  and  our ;^.  781.1—  j 
LeBTea  oblong,  wedge-sbaped  at  4 

Hiese  trees  bear  ao  close  a  resenihlaitce 
la  P.  A'na,  as  Co  leave  no  doubt  in  our 
uiiid  that  they  are  only  Tarieties  and 
nibrarieties  of  that  species.  Tbey  are 
fnund  in  a  wild  state  in  France,  Germany, 
■ixl  Sweden  ;  and  perhaos  also  in  the 
Highlands  of  Scotland,  where,  according 
to  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker,  P.  J'ria  varies  in 
hoTing  the  leaves  more  or  less  cut  at  the 
margin.    They  are  all  well  deserringofcul- 


t  23.  P.  vbsti'ti  Wall.     The  clothed  White  BcamT 

...-,-Mm.    W»lLCit,679.  iDon-,Mill.,  ip.  64!. 

tiTuiiMM.    J^nu  Hpal^iU  Harl.  ;    StabUM  tbUU  Ladd.  Cat.  eiUt.   IB3G;   F. 
fni.  IL  Stf.  p.  a»7.,  Bal.  Rcf.  t.  I6SS. 

Itb.  Brit.,  lit  tax.,  Tul.  ri,  J  ind  muJIfj.  78S.  IB 


^v 


Sprc.  Char.,  ifc.     Leaves,  cjmies,  and  young  branches,    clothed  with  white 
tomentum.     Leaves  elliptic,  or  oboTBtc-elliptlc,  acuminated,  serrated  to- 
wards   the   apei.      Coiymbs    branched    and    terminaL      Flowers   1 
Fruit   greenish  brown.  [Don't  Mill.)     A  deciduous 
tree  of  the   middle   size.      Nepal   and    Kamaon,   at 

elevations  of   from  > 

9,000  to  12.000  ft.  ' 

He^ht    SO  n. 

30  ft.     Introduced   ' 

in   1820.      Flowers 

white  ;     May    and 

June.  Fruit  brown; 

ripe     in     October. 

Decaying  leaves  of 

8    beautiful   straw- 
coloured  yellow  or 

im.    R.-Mt  FF   S    ' 


436  AltBOBETUM    ET    FHUTICETUM    BRITANVICUM. 

This  tree  is  remarkable  for  the  rapidity  of  its  growth,  its  long  broad  Itam, 
and  their  woolly  whiteness;  and  aLso  lor  being  one  of  the  very  luiest  trcci, 
whether  foreign  or  indigenous,  in  coming  into  Iciifi  being  later  than  eitherlhe 
mulberry  or  ash.  The  leaves  are  conspicuous,  on  their  first  expansion,  for  thtir 
whiteness,  particularly  underneath ;  and  in  autumn,  before  ihey  drop  off,  fur 
their  fine  yellow  colour. 


{  iv.   Tormin&ria  Dec. 
Petals  spreading,  flat,   having   shor 


da* 


Styles  !-i. 


Srcl.  Char.,  ,^.     ^._....    „, 

connected,  glalirous.  Poine  scarcely  at  all  juicy,  top-shaped  a 
truncate  at  the  tip  ;  the  sepals  deciduous.  Leaves  angled  with  lobes  ^  in 
the  adult  slate  glabrous.  Flowers  in  corymbs.  The  [leduncles  branched. 
(Dec.  Pioii.,  ii.  p.  636.)  — Trees  of  the  same  general  character,  in  regard  \o 
hahit  and  cortstitution,  as  P.  A'riti. 


J  24.  P.  TOBiiiNiH.19  Mhrh.     The  gnpitig-fruUai  Service  Tree. 

UrjUificalian.     Ehth.  B«llr„  «.  p.  M.  I  l>«.  Pro*..  ».  p.  SW.  ;  DoD-l  Mill.,  3.  p.  617. 

H. ;  the  Haplg-lrticd  Stnia  Tr« : 
:  i  ^.u•IuuFul^  ur  Nuigtinlkt,  /Ml. 
IheplUcia  Arb.  Bril.,  In  edit.,  ml.  i1, ;  and  «ur A.  71 


Spec.  Char.,  g(c.     Leaves  cordate-ovate,  feather-nerved,  pinnatifidlf  lobed; 

when  young,  slightly  downy  beneath  ;  when  adult,  glabrous ;  the  lobes  aco- 

minatc  and  licrrated,  the  lowest  divaricate.  Seeds  cartilaginous.  ( lier.  Prod.) 

A  deciduous   tree.      Britain   in  woods,  and  throughout  the   Middle  alkd 

North  of  Europe,  and  Western  Asia.  Height  40  ft.  to  50  ft.  Floncrs  white ; 

May  and  June.     Fruit  red  ;  ripe  in  Noveuibcr.     Decaying  leaves  jcHowish 

brown.     Naked  young  wood  purplish,  marked  with  white  spots. 

The  leaves,  wliich  are  on  long  footstalks,  are  cut  into  many  acute  allies, 

like  those  of  some  Hpccies  of  maple.     They  are  nearly  4  in.  long,  and  'i  in. 

broad  in  the  middle,  bright  green  above,   and  slightly  woolly  unJcmealh. 

The  Dowers  are  produced  in  large  bunches  at  the  end  of  the  branches ;  aad 

they  are  suceeedeil  by  roundish  compressed  fruit,  not  unlike  common  liaws, 

but  larger,  and  of  a  brown  colour  when  ripe.     The  tree  is  of  slow  gro*lh, 

and  in  this  respect,  and  most  others,  it  resembbs  P.  A'na  ;  but  it  is  b^s 

hardy.     The  wood  resembles  that  of  P.  A^rm,  but  is  without  its  peculiarly 

Etroog  smell.     It  weighs,  when  newly  cut,  65  lb.  to  the  cubic  foot,  and  when 


XXV 


.   SOSACILX:   J^'rls. 


437 


dried,  481b.  8 oz.     Ills       .     .  i     i     -  -  — 

of  P.  A'ria  is  applicabl?,  and  U  considered  rather  preferable  a$  fuel,  and  for 
cbarcoal.     The  fruit  is  brought  to  market  both  in  England  and  France  ;  and, 

■hen  in  a  state  of  incipient  decay,  it  eats  somewhat  like  that  of  a  niedlnr. 
filial  tree,  its  liirge  green  buds  striinglj'  recommend  it  in  the 
9  its  fine  lorge-lobed  leaves  do  in  the  Bummcr,  and  its  large  and 
Iters  of  rich  brown  fruit  do  in  autumn.     It  will  grow  in  a  soil 

not  poorer,  but  more  tenacious  and  moist,  than  what  ia  suitable  for  P.  A'ri, 


a  sheltered  situation.  It  si 
insecti  than  that  species,  and  does  not  thriv 
London.  It  is  propagated  exactly  in  the 
being  no  varieties,  it  docs  not  require  to  be 

1  25.  P.  bitula'bis  Doug/.   The  Rivi 


e  liable  to  the  attacks  of 
o  well  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
ne  manner  as  P.  A'na.  There 
itinucd  bv  grafting. 

tide  Wild  Service  Tree, 

trite  alJDdlui. 


May.     Fm 

The  fruit  i«  used  as  an 
wedges,  and  is  so  hard 
Society's  Garden, 


oec.  ChoT.,  IfC.  Leaves 
ovate,  entire,  and  angu- 
lar, somewhat  3-lobcd,  ra- 
ther acuminated,  acutely 
serrated,  pubescent  be- 
neath. Corymbs  terminal, 
limple.  Calyces  bair^,  aad 
densely  tomentose  inside. 
Styles  3 — 1,  connected  i 
at  the  base.  [Dan',  MiU.)  ' 
A  low  deciduous  tree. 
North-west  coast  of 
North  America,  at  Nootka 
Sound,  end  other  pluccs. 
Height  15  ft.  to  20  ft. 
Introduced      in       1836.  ,„.  p.nMUL 

Flowers  white  1  April  and 

ibglobose,  red  or  yellow  \  ripe  ?.     ■ 

1  article  of  food,and  the  wood  is  employed  for  making 
9  (o  be  susceptible  of  a  fine  polish.    Horticulturtu 


V.   Eridlobtis  Dec. 


&-rf.  Ciar.  Petals  sprending,  flat,  with 
short  claws,  and  with  about  3  teeth  at 
the  tip.  Styles  5,  long  j  at  the  base  very 
bairy,  and  tiomewhat  connected.  Pome 
globose,  glabrous,  crowned  with  the 
lobes  of  the  cahn,  which 
upon  bodi  surfaces.  Leaves  palmately' 
lobed,  glabrous.  Flowers  upon  un 
branched  pedicels,  disposed  in  corymbs 
(Dec.  Prod.,  ii.  p.  636.) 

t  26,   F. 


Cntc'fui  IriloMu  Laiill.  Dlt.  i.  p.  19, 
.'  LdiU].  b«c.,  4.'  1.  KLiudnvA-n*' 
%T.  OWi  ft.    Leaves  glabrous,  palmately 


438  ARBOKETUM    ET    7RUT1CETITM   BRITANNICUM. 

lobcd  i  the  middle  lobe  S-lobed  ;  the  side  lobes,  in  idbiit  instaocct,  h 
lobed ;  the  secondary  lobes  serrated.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  deciduous  trw.  A 
native  of  Mount  Lebanon ;  growing  to  the  height  of  £0f^;  said  ED  ban 
been  inuviduced  in  1810 ;  but  of  which  we  have  not  (een  a  plant. 

5  vi.  SMus  Dec. 

Sect.  Char.,  ^c.  Petals  E|^reading,  Bat.  Stj-les  S — 5.  Pome  globose,  or  toil- 
shaped.  Leaves  impari-pinnate,  or  pinnately  cut.  Flowers  in  braocbed 
corymbs.  {Dec.  Prod.)— Trees  growing  lo  the  height  of  from  80  ft,  lo  40ft. 
or  upwards.  Natives  of  Europe,  North  America,  and  the  Himalayas.  For 
the  most  part  very  hardy,  and  of  easy  culture  in  common  soil. 

T  87,  P.  AURICULA Va  Dec.     The  auricled  Service  Tree. 

/rfntflnliba.    Dk.  Prod,.  3.  p.  «W. ;  Don'i  HIIL,  a.  p.  SM. 

Summrmc.    Siibixi  iMr\cail.u  Ftri.  Sr^  1.  p.  SS. 

etigrinniig.    Our  At'      - '"  P- 

Spec.  Char.,  4^c.  Leaves  of  3  pairs  of  leaflets,  and  an  odd  one,  hirsute  be- 
neath ;  a— 4  of  the  lowest  leaflets  distinct,  the  rest  conoaie  with  the  odil 
one  into  an  ovate  one,  wliicli  is  crenate.  Corymb  compact.  (Dec.  PmJ.) 
A  deciduous  tree.  Egypt,  Height  20  ft,  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  ISOO. 
Flowers  white  ;  May.  fruit  ?. 
We  have  not  seen  this  plant,  which  is,  perhaps,  only  a  variety  of  i*.  pn- 

natifida. 


I  28.  P.  pinnati'fida  EArh 

ITie  pinnatifid-^nmnf  Service  Tree. 

tn  Eof .  Bdl. l. S331  :  D«.  ITod., l.p.BH 

Art..  Brit..HlBUl..Tgl.ri.i  •ndoorA.IW. 

Slice.  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  piiinately  cloven,  or  cut,  or  almost  pinnate  kt  the 
base.  The  petiole  on  the  under  side,  and  the  peduncles,  hoanly  tomento«c- 
Pomc  globose,  scarlet.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  deciduous  tree,  Gothland,  Tho- 
ringia,  and  Britain,  on  nountainous  woody  places.  Height  20  ft,  to  30  ft. 
Flowers  while  ;  May  and  June.     Fruit  red  ;  ripe  in  September. 

Viirielict. 

t  P.p.  ilmiiffHoia  has  ihelcaves  more,  woolly  than  those  of  tbe  ^>edcL 


XXVI.  bosa'ce-e:  py*hu8.  499 

t  P.p.  Spendula,  56rbus  h^brida  pfnduls  Lctld.  Cat.,  has  the  head  looK^ 

and  Che  branchei  somewhRt  pendulous  ;  the  fruit  red.    H.  S. 

»  P.«.  +  orWKWa  Dec..  P(«r.   Suppl.  T.   p.  144.  — Dwarf.    Leaflets 

glabrous  in  a  measure,  obtuse ;  the  outermost  uBually  connate.     A 

native  of  Qeraaay.  Perhaps  a  variety  of  P.  aucuparia.  (Drc.  Proit.) 

P.  pinnatlfidK,  according  to  DeCandolle,  is  a  hybrid  between   P.  iater- 

nedia  and  P.  aucupiria.     Culture  as  in  P.  ^Yta. 

The  Fowler's  Serrice  Tree,  or  Mtntntam  Ath. 

.  m.  i  Dec  Prod.,  1  p.  6JT.  ;  Dan-i  NHL.  I  d.  SU. 
Sp.mz.;  MhpIIui  muFuptrim  AIL;  ^ 
'—    f™,    " -—    » 


J  S9.  P.  Aucu 

pa'bu 

Got*i 

■WS-sS? 

^1 

Ss 

(the  BlrdSerrlce)  j  ud  Iho  Ocr- 


.  WIiBtn  tm :  S 
4  bf  bInt-citch«TL  In 


Spec.  Char,,  ifc.  Buda  softly  tomentose.  Leaflets  serrated,  slightly  glsbroui. 
Pomes  globose.  [Dec.  Prod.)  A  low  tree.  A  native  of  almost  every  pan 
of  Europe.  H«ght  SO  ft.  to  30  ft..  Flowers  white;  May.  Fruit  redi 
ripe  ID  September. 

VarielKt. 

1  P.  a.  2  frudti  luleo  hea  yellow  berries,  and  is  continued  by  grafting. 

T  P.  a.  3 film  variegalii  has  variegated  leaves. 

1  P.  a.  AJiuliffala  has  the  branches  upright  and  rigid.  Horticultural 
Society's  Garden. 
The  mountmn  ash  forms  an  erect-stemmed  tree,  with  an  orbicular  head- 
ffTier  (iilly  grown,  like  every  other  description  of  fyrua,  it  assumes  a  some- 
what formal  character ;  but  in  a  young  state,  its  branches  are  disposed  in  a 
more  loose  and  graceful  manner.  The  tree  arowB  rapidly  for  the  first  three 
or  Ibur  years ;  attaining,  in  five  years,  the  heiglit  of  8  or  9reeti  after  which  it 


440  ARBOR£TUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

begins  to  form  a  head,  and  in  ten  years  will  attain  the  height  of  20  ft. 
This  head  will  continue  increasing  slowly,  though  the  tree  seldom  grows  much 
higher,  for  the  greater  part  of  a  century ;  after  which, -as  it  appears  by  the 
oldest  trees  that  we  have  observed  or  heard  of  in  Scotland,  the  extremities 
of  the  branches  begin  to  decay.     The  tree  will  not  ^  bear  lopping,  but  grass 
and  other  plants  grow  well  under  its  shade.     The  wood,  when  dry,  weigli« 
51  lb.  12  oz.  per  cubic  foot.     It  is  homogeneous,  fine-grained,  hard,  capable 
of  being  stained  any  colour,  and  of  taking  a  high  polish  ;  and  it  is  applied  to 
all  the  various  uses  of  P.  A^a,  and  P.  tonninalis,  when  it  can  be  obtained  of 
adequate  dimensions.     In  Britain,  the  tree  forms  excellent  coppice  wood, 
the  shoots  being  well  adapted  for  poles,  and  for  making  excellent  hoops ;  and 
the  bark  being  in  demand  by  tanners.     As  it  will  grow  in  the  most  exposed 
•  situations,  and  rapidly,  when  young,  it  forms  an  admirable  nurse  tree  to  die 
oak,  and  other  slow-growing  species  ;  and,  being  a  tree  of  absolute  habits; 
that  is,  incapable  of  being  drawn  up  above  a  certain  height  by  culture,  it  has 
this  great  cidvantage,  that,  after  having  done  its  duty  as  a  nurse,  instedd  of 
growing  up  with  the  other  trees,  and  choking  them,  it  auietly  submits  to  be 
over-topped,  and  destroyed  by  the  shade  and  drip  ol  those  which  it  was 
planted  to  shelter  and  protect.     It  may  be  mentioned,  as  somewhat  singular, 
that  the  alpine  laburnum,  though  naturally  a  much  lower  tree  than  the  roouo- 
tain  ash,  will,  when  drawn  up  in  woods,  attain  twice  the  height  of  the  latter 
tree.    The  fruit  of  the  mountain  ash  is  greedily  devoured  by  birds  :  and,  in 
various  parts  of  the  North  of  Europe,  these  berries  are  dried  and  ground  into 
flour,  and  used  as  a  substitute  for  the  flour  made  of  wheat,  in  times  of  great 
scarcity.   .  In  Livonia,  Sweden,  and  Kamtschatka,  the  berries  of  the  moun- 
tain ash  are  eaten,  when  ripe,  as  fruit ;  and  a  very  good  spirit  is  distilled  from 
them.    As  an  ornamental  tree,  the  mountain  ash  is  well  adapted  for  small 
gardens  ;  and  it  is  also  deserving  of  a  place  in  every  plantation,  where  the 
harbouring  of  singing-birds  is  an  object.    In  the  grounds  of  suburban  gardens  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  the  metropolis,  the  mountain  ash  forms  almost  the  only 
tree  that  makes  a  great  display  by  means  of  its  fruit ;  for,  though  many  species  of 
Cratae^gus  would  be  cquidly  effective  lu  this  respect,  they  have  not  yet  become 
sufiiciently  well  known  to  the  planters  of  such  gardens.     One  great  advan- 
tage of  the  mountain  ash,  in  all  gardens,  is,  that  it  never  requires  pruning,  and 
never  grows  out  of  shape.    The  mountun  ash  will  grow  in  any  soil,  and  in  the 
most  exposed  situations,  as  it  is  found  on  the  sea  shore,  and  on  the  tops  of 
mountains,  in  Forfarshire,  as  high  as  2500  ft.   Plants  are  aJmost  always  raised 
from  seed,  which  should  be  gathered  as  soon  as  it  is  ripe,  to  prevent  its  being 
eaten  by  birds,  which  are  so  fond  of  it  as  to  attack  it  even  before  it  is  ripe. 
When  gathered,  the  fruit  should  be  macerated  in  water  till  the  seeds  are  sepa- 
rated from  the  pulp,  and  they  may  be  then  sown  immediately ;  but,  as  they  »iU> 
in  that  case,  remain  18  months  in  the  ground  before  coming  up,  the  common 
mode  adopted  by  nurserymen  is,  to  mix  the  berries  with  light  sandy  soil,  and 
spread  them  out  in  a  layer  of  10  in.  or  1  ft.  in  thickness,  in  the  rotting  ground ; 
covering  the  layer  with  2  or  3  inches  of  sand  or  ashes,  and  allowing  them  to 
remain  in  that  state  for  a  year.     They  are  then  separated  from  the  soil  by 
sifting,  and  sown  in  beds  of  light  rich  sod,  being  covered  a  quarter  of  an  inch. 
The  plants  having  large  leaves,  the  seeds  should  not  be  dropped  nearer  tos^s- 
gether  than  2  in.,  which  will  allow  the  plants  to  come  up  with  sufficient 
strength.     They  may  be  sown  any  time  from  November  to  February,  but  not 
later :  they  will  come  up  in  the  June  following,  and,  by  the  end  of  the  year, 
the  strongest  plants  will  be  1 8  in.  high,  and  fit  to  separate  from  the  others,  and 
to  plant  out  in  nursery  lines. 

Tt  30.  P.  AMERiCA^NA  Dec.     The  American  Service. 

IdeiUifleatton.    Doc.  Prod.,  2.  p.  GXt. ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Amor.,  1.  p.  904. ;  Don's  Mill.,  S.  |».  €«$. 
Synonyntft.    56rbui  americiina  Pk.  FL  Bor.  Amer.  1.  p.  341.,    WOid.  Enum  520.;   5.  wnmcina 

var.  /8  Miehx.  Fl.  Amer.  p.  290. ;  P.  canaddnsii  Hort. 
Enfiravings.    Watt.  DoDtl.  Brit,  L  54. ;  the  pUte  of  this  species  in  Arb.  Brit,  1st  edit.,  tqL  Ti. ; 

andour/^.  791. 


.  kosa'ce-e:  FV  rus. 


S/vc.  CXor.,  Jr.  Leaflets  acute,  almoBt  equally  lerrated,  glabrous,  an  is  the 
petiole.  Punies  globose,  of  a  purplish  tawiiy  colour.  (Dec.  Proil.)  A 
tree,  closely  rescmbline  the  common  mouutain  ash.  Canada  an i!  N('i>v- 
Ibundland,  in  woods.  Height  15  (L  to  20  It.  Introduced  in  17ttt>.  Floirers 
white;  May.  Fruit  bright  scarlet ;  ripe  in  September.  Decaying  leaves 
jeliowish  green.     Naked  young  wood  dark  purplish. 

Ii  is,  apparentlj,  ■  more  robust-growlnj;  tree  than  the  Europmn  mountain 
lib,  with  lurger  leaves,  shining  above,  and  smooth  bencuth :  but,  in  reality,  it  is 
■Dore  tender.  Tliougfi  it  has  been  many  years  in  the  country,  we  tlo  not 
know  of  a  larjie,  old,  handsome  s[jecimen  of  it  any  where.  Il  is  propagated 
by  (rafting  on  the  common  mountain  ash.  On  account  of  the  brilliant  colour 
of  the  fruit,  and  the  lar^c  size  of  the  bunches  iu  which  it  is  produced,  this 
•pecics  well  dmerves  a  pkce  in  colk'ctions. 

T  31.  f.  uicroca'spa  Jhc.     The  small-fruited  Service. 


'^r*°vi<Ki.    SArtnii  lucitpdil;!  s  Mida.  fl.Bor.  Abut.  I.  p.  ai.  1  S.aiainthM  Dum.Cotin  ri.  i. 
»-*&.;  S.  mlnocilTn  P«.  Fl.  Amrr.StfLVp.'Ui. 

E^rrf^i.    Outjif.iogo.  In  p.  I  IDT. 

Sptc.  Char.,  4'c.  Leaflets  glabrous,  acuminate,  unequally  incitely  serrated  ; 
the  teeth  tipped  with  a  bristle-like  mucro.  Petiole  gtahrous.  Pome  glo- 
bose, scarlet.  (Dec,  Prod.)  A  large  shrub  or  low  tree.  Korth  America, 
Carolina  to  New  York.  Height  10  ft.  to  IS  ft.  Introduced  ?.  Flowi^f 
white  ;  May  and  June.  Pniil  scarlet,  small  ;  ripe  V. 
Acronltiig  to  Pursh,  this  species  is  very  distinct  from  P.  americiina  ;  from 


442  ARBORETUM    £T   FRUTICETUM    BRITANHICUH. 

which  it  is  distinguished  b}'  the  young  brancheB  being  covered  with  a  si 
dnrk  brown  glosii,  and  by  having  smaJ  I  scarlet  berries. — We  have  nerer  si 

t  32.  P.  So'bbvs  GtETtn.     The  True  Serrice. 

lilndificattffm.    GkTlD.  Ftu«.»  t  p,  4fi.  t.  n,  j  Pk.  Prod-,  1.  p.  63ft. 

^pairtma,    Sdrhui  dumtlOU  ZM.  Sp.  SH4.  i    Pfrui  dsmHllca  SmOk  In  EnM,  But.  t.  HO- 
^nn.  Sac  HK.Odh'i  MrU.  1.  D.MS.;  tbeWhllti  Peir  Tm ;  Coimlir,  or  Sorbin  coIIIt 
bo  doiDEiIlco,  Iial. 


ii 


I,  acuminate.     Leaflets  terrated,  \ 
wining  niiiied  vhei 

(Dec.  Prod.)  A  tree  of  the  middle  size.  Europe,  chiefly  of  the  miildle 
region ;  found  also  in  some  parts  of  Barbary,  pardcularh'  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Algiers  ;  and  hv  some  considered  a  native  of  Britain.  Height 
30ft.to60ft.  Flowers  white;  May,  Fruit  broun;  October.  Decaying 
leaves  yellowish  brown.  Naked  young  wood  grey,  like  that  of  the  com- 
mon mountain  ash. 

FarwiKt.  In  I>u  Hamel  and  the  Dictionnmrt  det  Eaux  el  Foreti,  eight  vari- 
eties of  the  true  service  are  described  ;  but  in  British  gardens  only  the  two 
following  sorts  are  cultivated :  — 

*  P.  S.  2  maiySrmu  Lodit.  Cat.,  la  Corme-Pomme,  i^,,  has  apple-shaped 

Iruit.     Of  this  variety  there  are  trees  which  bear  abundantly  in  tlie 

Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  and  in  the  Hackney  Arboretum. 

t  P.  S.  SpyriJoriNU  Lodd.  Cat.,  la  Cormc-Poire,  Ft.,  has  pear-shaped 

fruit;  and  of  this,  alao,  there  are  fruit-hearing  trees  in  the  place* 

above  referred  to. 

A  tree,  in  foliiige  and  general  appearance,  closely  resembling  the  mountain 

ash  ;  but  Qltaining  u  larger  size,  and  bearing  much  larger  fruit,  of  a  greenish 

brown  colour  when  ripe.     In  Fnuice  this  tree  attains  the  height  of  50  or 

GO  feet ;  it  requires  two  centuries  before  it  reaches  its  full  size  ;  and  lives  to 

so  ^reat  an  age,  that  some  specimens  of  it  are  believed  to  be  upwards  of  11)00 

years  old.     It  grows  with  an  erect  trunk,  which  tenninates  in  a  large  pyrami* 

dal  head.     This  tree  is  readily  known  from  (he  mountain  ash,  in  winter,  by- 


XXVI.  bosa^ceje:  py^rus.  443 

its  buds,  which  are  smooth  and  green,  instead  of  being  downy  and  black  ;  in 
the  beginning  of  summer,  by  its  leaflets  being  broader,  downy  above,  and  also 
beneatn  ;  and,  in  autunin,  by  its  pear  or  apple  shaped  fruit,  which  is  four  or 
five  times  the  size  of  that  of  P.  aucuparia,  and  of  a  dull  greenish  brown 
colour.  It  is  said  to  be  30  years  before  it  comes  into  a.  bearing  state  when  it 
is  raised  from  the  seed  ;  but,  when  scions  from  fruit-bearing  trees  are  grafted  on 
seedling  plants,  or  on  the  mountain  ash,  they  come  into  bearing  in  a  few  years 
as  in  the  case  of  other  fruit  trees.  (See  Gard,  Mag.,  iv.  p.  487.)  The  wood 
of  the  true  service  is  the  hardest  and  the  heaviest  of  all  the  indigenous  woods, 
of  Europe.  It  weighs,  when  dry,  no  less  than  72  lb.  2  oz,  per  cubic  foot. 
It  has  a  compact  fine  grain,  a  reddish  tinse,  and  takes  a  very  high  polish  ;  but 
it  must  not  be  employed  until  it  is  thoroughly  seasoned,  as  otherwise  it  is  apt  to 
twist  and  split.  It  is  much  sought  after  in  France,  by  millwrights,  for  making 
cogs  to  wheels,  rollers,  cylinders,  blocks  and  pulleys,  spindles  and  axles ;  and 
for  all  those  parts  of  machines  which  are  subject  to  much  friction,  and  re- 
quire great  strength  and  durability.  In  France,  it  b  preferred  to  all  other 
kinds  of  wood  for  making  the  screws  to  wine-presses.  In  France,  the  fruit, 
when  beginning  to  decay,  is  brought  to  table  ;  though  it  is  not  highly  prized, 
and  is  more  frequently  eaten  by  the  poor  than  the  rich.  In  Britain,  the  tree 
is  chiefly  to  be  recommended  as  one  of  ornament  and  rarity.  A  good,  free,, 
deep,  dry  soil,  and  a  sheltered  situation,  are  essential,  wherever  it  is  at- 
tempted to  grow  this  tree  in  Britain.  From  the  specimens  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  London,  it  does  not  appear  to  suffer  from  the  climate,  after  it  has 
been  five  or  six  years  planted ;  but  it  is  rather  difficult  to  establish  young 
plants.  Seeds  may  be  procured  in  abundance  from  France  ;  and  from  them 
stocks  may  be  raised  on  which  the  best  fruit-bearing  varieties  may  be  grafted. 
The  true  service  may  also  be  c;rafled  on  the  pear,  the  mountain  ash,  the  haw- 
thorn, and  other  allied  species.  The  grau  should  be  made  close  to  the 
groui^,  or  even  under  it,  on  the  root ;  and  care  should  be  taken  to  retard 
the  scion  previously  to  grafting  it,  in  order  that  the  stock  may  be  somewhat 
in  advance  of  it.  On  the  whole,  the  operation  requires* to  be  performed  with 
the  greatest  care  ;  because  this  is  one  of  the  most  difficult  of  all  non-resinous 
trees  to  graft  successfully.  The  plants  at  Messrs.  Loddiges's  ripen  fruit  every 
year,  from  the  seeds  of  which  numerous  young  plants  have  been  raised. 

It  33.  P.  LANUGiNo^SA  Dec,    The  wooWy -leaved  Service  Tree. 

Identification.    Dec.  Prod.,  S.  p.  637. :  Don's  Mill.,  2.  p;  646. 

Sunonyvus.    P.  hybrida  lanugiudta  Hort. :  56rbus  lanugindsa  Kit.  In  Litt.,  and  Lodd.  Cat. 
Engrapimgs.    The  plate  of  thu  species  In  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit,  toI.  tI.  ;  and  our  Jig.  793.  from  a  tree 
In  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

Spec,  Char.y  Sfc.  Buds  woolly.  Leaflets  serrated,  woolly  beneath.  Petiole 
woolly.  Pome  globose-  {Dec,  Prod,)  A  fastigiate  tree  of  the  middle 
size.  A  hybrid,  when  and  whence  originated  is  uncertain.  Height  20  ft.  to 
30  ft  Flowers  white;  May.  Fruit  small,  like  that  of  the  mountain  ash, 
but  seldom  coming  to  maturity.  v 

The  trees  of  this  species  in  Loddiges's  arboretum,  and  in  the  Horticultural 
Society's  Garden,  are  verv  distinct  from  any  other  sort,  and  appear  to  be 
hybrida  between  P.  pinnatlfida,  or  perhaps  P.  56rbus,  and  the  common  moun- 
tain ash.  The  general  form  of  the  tree  is  fastigiate,  with  numerous  parallel, 
rigid,  upright  shoots.  The  flowers  and  fruit  resemble  those  of  the  mountain 
ash,  but  are  smaller :  the  former  are  frequently  abortive  ;  and  the  latter,  when 
it  is  produced,  is  generally  without  seeds.  It  is  a  robust,  hardy,  vigorous* 
growing  tree,  which  comes  early  into  leaf,  and  is  well  deserving  of  a  place  in 
collections.  This  species,  and  all  the  others  belonging  to  the  section  i^rbus, 
graft  readily  on  the  common  hawthorn ;  and,  as  they  make  very  handsome,  small, 
round-headed  trees,  beautiful  at  every  season  of  the  year,  common  hedges 
might  be  grafted  with  them  at  regular  distances,  and  the  grafts  would  grow 
up,  and  become  handsome  standards. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANMICUH. 


XXVI.  BOSii'cziE :  pv'ru3.  445 

Spec.  CliOr^  SfC.  Leaflets  orate,  crenate;  3  pairs,  with  an  odd  one,  which  is 
longer  than  the  others ;  all  are  hairy  beneath.  Petiole  gland-bearing 
upon  the  upper  siiie.  Stjies  5.  Inlermediatc,  and  perhaps  a  hybrid,  be- 
tween P.  Bucuparia  and  P.  arbutilblia.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  low  tree,  with 
rambling,  slender,  dark-coloured  shoots,  and  fruit  nsembling  that  of  P.  ar- 
hutitolia.  Height  10  ft.  to  SU  tt.  In  cuhivaiion  in  IBOO,  Flowers  while 
May.  Fruit  small,  bbck  ;  ripe  in  Sejitenibcr.  Decaying  leaves  dark 
purplish  red.     Naked  young  wood  purplish. 

t   P.  «.  2  pindula  Hort.,  5urbus  hjbrida  pfnduta  Ledd.  Cat.,  P.  spuria 
tambucifolia  Hort.  Brii.  (the  plate  of  thia  variety  in  Arb.  Brit.,  lit 
edit.  vol.  vi.)  has  pendulouH  shooU,  and  is  a  very  distinct  and 
most  intercslinR  kind.     There  are  fine  low  trees  of  it  in  the  Hor- 
ticultural Society's  Garden  ;  and,  if  grafted   10  or  12  feet  high,  in- 
stead of  only  3  or  4  feet,  as  it  is  there,  it  would  form  one  of  the 
moat  beautiful  of  pendulous  trees.      It  is  proliRc  in   flowers,  and 
dark  ]iurplc  fruit ;  and  the  leaves  die  oflf  of  an  intensely  dark  pur- 
plish red.     Every  hawthorn  hedge  might  be  adorned  with   this  tree 
hy  graTting. 
Both  the  species  and  variety  are  very  desirable  small  trees  for  their  leaves, 
their  flowers,  and  their  fruit ;  they  «re  readily  propagated  hy  grafting  on  tbe 
common  thorn  or  mountain  B*h,  and  require  the  same  soil  as  iliat  species. 

T  35.  P.  FOLIOLO'SA   WM.     The  leafy  Mountain  Ash. 

UMifitatltm.    Wall.  CU.  p.  «T.  i  PI.  AliU.  R>r..  «.  p.  HI   ;  Dog'l  UlU.,  3.  p.  US. 
£n£r<»nvi.     Wall.  Fl.  AlUl.  Bu.,  1.  t.  189.  i  ud  our  fig.  796. 

Spec.  Char.,  4".  Leaves  pinnate, 
with  7 — B  pairs  of  elliptic-lan- 
ceolate,mucrona(eleafleu,which 
ire  serrated  at  the  apei,  puhes- 
cent  beneath.  Cymes  branched, 
terminal,  pubescent.  (Don'i 
AM.)  A  deciduous  tree.  Ne- 
pal,on  mountains.  Heii;ht  [5fi. 
to^Oft.  Introduced?.  Flowers 
white ;  June.  Pome  small,  nbo- 
vate  roundish,  red ;  ripe  Nov. 
This  very  desirable  and  probably 
quite  hardy  species,  we  bi'lieve, 
;tbein  introduced,  but 


ot  yet  beta  it 
jbtless  wiU  si 

P.  hircina  Wall.  Cat.  p.  675., 
and  Don-i  MUl.  ii.  ^.  618.,  is  a 
native  of  Nepal,  with  pinnate 
leaves,  and  numerous  [enflcte, 
rusty  beneath  ;  and  with  red  fruit, 
about  the  size  of  that  of  the  commt 

5  vii.  Adendrachit  Dec 

Srcl.  Char.  Petals  spreading,  each  with  a  claw,  and  a  concave  limb.  Styles 
2—5.  Pome  globose.  Leaves  simple,  the  midrib  bearing  glands  on  its 
upper  surface  (which  is  the  character  expressed  in  the  sectional  name). 
Flowers  in  bmnched  corymbs.  —  Deciduous  shrubs,  natives  of  North 
America ;  growing  to  the  height  of  4  or  5  feet,  and  prolific  in  flowers, 
followed  by  red,  dark  purple,  or  black,  fruit.  They  are  all  readily 
propagated  by  division,  by  suckers,  or  by  grafting  on  the  common  hawthorn. 


■146  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

This  section  is  so  unrike  the  othera  in  habit  and  general  appearance,  that 
it  would  be  much  more  convenient  to  have  it  as  a  distinct  genus  ;  sny, 
^ronia,  as  it  was  before  that  genua  was  united  with  Pynis. 

«  36.  P.  ^rbutipo'lia  L.JU.     The  ArbuCue-leaved  Aronia. 
IdaUiflciiltim.    Lin.  ■).  Supol..  MC;  Ph.  S«H. 

I.  p. 339. i  D«c.  Prod.,l.p.ai.iDaD-|MIII., 

).  p.  M». 
S^mmyme$.     Crats'inil  pfrlRtlla  Lam.  Oid.  1. 

B.  sf.  i  ATixit  innOMt  Peri.  Stm.  1.  p.  39. : 

/Cntm'gai  HTTiU  /*«>.  Stapl.  1.  p.  39!.  i  Uit- 

pUiu  ortiiuUiUli  Sdii«m  Ari:t.  M..  Mm.  Dici. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc,  Leaves  obovate,  lan- 
ceolate, acute,  crenate,  tomentose 
beneath,  especiall;  when  }'Oung,  the 
midrib  in  each  glandulous  above. 
Calyx  tomentose.  Pome  dark  red 
or  purple.  {Dec.  Prod.}  A  decidu- 
ous shrub.  North  America,  from 
Canada  to  Carolina,  in  k>w  copses 
and  swamps,  common.  Height  4  ft. 
to6ft.  Introduced  in  1700.  Flow- 
ers white;  May.  Fruit  dark  red 
or  black  ;  ripe  lo  September.  De- 
caying leaves  intensely  dark  red,  or  purplish  black. 
yarieUei. 

A  P.    a.   2  intermedia    Lindl.    (HorC, 

Trans.,  vii.  p.  829. ;  Don's  MUl.,  ii. 

p.  649.  and  our  jfg.  798.)  has  the 

fruit  globose  and  brown. 
•  P.  a.  3  lerdtina  Lindl.  (Hort.  Trans., 

I.e.;    Don's  Mill.,   I.e.)   has    the 

leaves  staining  above,  and  velvety 

beneath;    and  the  fruit  late,  and 

party-coloured. 


k  P.  a.  4  pumiia,  Mcsp&Ms  piimila 
Lodd.Cat.{KTimsf:,  t.m.i  and  our 
Jigt.  797.  and  789.),  appears  to  be 
different  from  the  two  precedii^  "*■  '-"rtui 

varieties.    It  is  a  low  plant,  seldom  exceeding  1  ft.  c 


XXVI.    AOSA  CRX  :    PV^RUS. 


447 


and  rooting  at  the  jointi.     The  thiit  is  intennediaie 
in  colour   between  P.  aAutifolia  and  F.  meiano- 
dupa,  being  of  a  reddish  black. 
A  TCry  desiiaWe  shrub,  Trequent  in  collections,  and  known 
in  the  nurseries  under  the  name  of  ^esptlus  arbutilrtlia.     It 
ia  prolific  in  flowers,  which  are  produced  in  May,  and  which 
are  followed  by  dark  red  or  purple  Ihiit,  which,  when  not 
eaten  by  birds,  will  remain  on  the  bushes  till  the  following 
April  or  May,  when  the  plant  is  aj^n  in  flower.   This  species, 
whether  as  a  bush,  or  grafted  standard  high  on  the  common 
thorn,  is  highly  ornamental  in  spring,  when  it  is  covered  with    ;»,   »  .  p._... 
its  profusion  of  white  flowers;  in  autumn,  when  its  foliage 
siisumet  a  deep  red  or  purple;  and  in  winter,  after  the  leaves  have  dropped, 
when  it  is  still  enriched  with  its  persistent  fruit.     It  is  propagated  by  layers, 
suckers,  or  seeds  ;    but  most  frequently  by  suckers.      There  was,  m   IB35, 
B   remarkably  fine  plant  of  this  species,  grafted  standard  high,  in  Knight's 
£xotic  Nursery:  it  Dad  attained  the  height  of  lU  or  l^feet ;  its  branches  hunc 
down  gracefully  lo  the  ground,  not  in  one  mass,  but  in  varied  tufts  ;  and 
their  appearance  in  autumn,  when  they  were  of  an  intensely  purple  red,  was 
beyond  expression  interesting  and  beautiful. 

■  37.  P.  (a.)  melanoci'hp*   W.     The  black-fi-uited  Aronia. 


^pcc.  Cbar^  fc.  Leaves  obovate-oblong,  acuminate, 
serrated,  glabrous  beneath :  the  midnb  glandulous 
above.  Corymb  more  crowded  than  in  P,  arbutii&lia. 
Calyx  glabrous.  Pome  black.  (Ike.  Prod.)  A  de- 
ciduous shrub.  North  Araerica,  in  Canada,  in  bogs, 
and  on  the  high  mountains  of  Carolina  and  Vlrginiii ; 
and  judging  from  the  pl.ints  in  the  Horticultural 
Society's  Garden,  and  in  the  arboretum  of  Messrs. 
Loddiges,  nothing  more  than  a  variety  of  P.  arbuti- 
folia.  Hn^ht  411.  to  5ft.  Cultivated  in  1700. 
Flowers  while  I  May.  Fruit  lai^,  black,  resembling 
in  taste  those  ofraceinium  penusjlvtinicum  ;  ripe  in 
September. 

Fariely. 

m  P.  (a.)  m.  S  luipubStcmi  Undl.  (Hort.  Trans., 

*u.  p.238.  i  Don's  Mill.,  ii.  p.  649.).  P.  m. 

xantboc&rpa   Horl.,   has    the    leaves,   when 

young,  tomentose  beneath,  but  glabrous  in  the  adult  si 

P.  (a.)  melanocirpa  or  its  variety,  grafted  standard  high  o 

hawthorn,  forms  a  iruiy  interesting  pendulous,  and  at  the  same  time  pii'tu- 

res^ue,  tree  ;  aud  we  can  scarcely  sufficiently  recommend  it  for  small  shrub- 

b^^es  and  suburban  gardens.    Aa  its  berries  are  not  so  greedily  eaten  by  birds 

as  those  of  most  of  the  other  flosaceie,  in  mild  winters  they  remain  on  till  the 

following  Hummer,  and  mix  beautifully  with   the  flowers  in  June.     It  gratis 

readily  on  the  common  hawthorn;  and  it,  and  all  the  other  species  and  varieties 

belonging  to  tfae  section  Adendrachis,  might  be  introduced  into  our  common 

hedges  by  any  countryman  who  could  graft,  thus  rendering  them  truly  orna<' 

mental. 

A  Lindl.     The  abundant-flowered  Aronia. 


448  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETI'M    BRITANNICUM. 

Spec.  Char.,  *e.     Branches  cinereuus, 
reclinale.    LeaveB  oblong-lnnceolate, 
acute,  on  long  petioles,  tomentc 
beneath,    as   well   as   the   caiyxi 
Fruit   spherical.      Corvmbs    mani-- 
flowered,  anil  longer  than  the  leaves. 
{Don'i  Mill.)     A  shrub  resembling 
tlie  preceding  speries,  but  with  mtir 
peniiulous  branches.     Originated  in 
gardens.     Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.     Cul- 
tivated in   1816.      Flowers  white;   i; 
May.     Fruit  black ;  ripe  in  Scptem-   i 

The  leaves  die  off  of  a  purplish  red  ; 
and  the  whole  plant,  Trom  the  time  of  "'"  '■  "■"'°'"*'^- 

itR  leaRng  till  it  becomes  naked,  is  highly  intere,tinf  and  ornaiaental.  more 
especiall)'  when  grafted  standard  high. 

,  39.  P.  (a.)  DEPBB'aa*  LinM.     The  d^reased  Aronia. 

Unufflc-Uim.    LhiiU.  Hort.Tniii.,7.  p.no.iDon-iMllL, 
^W-Mftig.      Ovrfig.  801  from  ■  tp«im«  kn  Dt.  Llndlir"! 

Spfc.  Char,,  ijc,  Slema  humble,  reclinate. 
Leaves  oblong,  obtuse,  tomentosc  bencalii, 
as  well  aa  the  calyxes.  Fruit  pear-shiiped. 
Corymbs  length  of  the  leaves.  (Don't  Mill.) 
A  low  shrub,  with  pendulous  depressed 
branches.  Of  garden  origin.  Height  I  ft.  to 
8  ft.  Cultivated  in  1815.  Flowers  white; 
May.  Fruit  dark  purple  ;  ripe  in  September. 
It  is  evidently  a  variety  or  modiliciitian  of 
the  preceding  sort ;  and,  from  its  profusioa  of 
flowers  and  fruit,  and  tlie  purple  hue  nt  iti 
m   p.M.inMB  foliage,  it  is  highly  ornamental. 

■  *0.  P.  (jt.)  pu'bens  JJmii.     The  do wny-irasrferf  Aronia. 

raaufgtiMm.  IJndl.  Hait.Tnil>..T.p.ra£:DoD'il(llL..3.p.649. 
EHtrupitit.    Oar  fit.  SOS.  !itaa  1  IJTing  iiKCliiicii  In  Ihe  Honkul- 

Sper.  Char.,  f^c.  Stem  erect.  Branches  pubescent. 
Leaves  oblong  or  obovate,  abruptly  acuminated, 
smooth.  Fruit  spherical,  and,  as  well  as  the  ca- 
lyxes, quite  glabrous.  Corymbs  loose,  end  many- 
flowered.  {Uoa-,  ATiU.)  A  bushy  shrub,  with  r^ 
bust  foliage,  and  shoots.  Of  gardenorigin.  Height 
4  ft,  to  5  ft,  Cultivated  in  1910.  Flowers 
white;  May.  Fruit  round,  large,  dark  purple; 
ripe  in  September, 

This  and  ihe  following  kind  have  much  of  the 
robust  foliage  and  habit  of  P.  Chataamespilus,  and      t 
well  deserve  a  place  in  collections.  !'.    '\W 

d  +1.  P.  (4.)  (iBANDiFo'LCA  Uma.     The  lai^e-  »s,  Rto.,.«»„ 

leaved  Aronia. 

UenlifeaUm.    LiDdl.  Hort  Ttuit.  J.  p.  »1.  ;  tlniU.  Bnl   Hen.    UM.  1  Don'.  Ulll    t  ^  t^ 

Spec.  CW.,  ^c.     Stem  erect,  and.  as  well  as  the  branches,  sniootJiisb.  Leavei 


'jpr 


XXVI.  BosA^cE*:  py'rus 


oblong,  or  obovate. 
Deuce,  glabrous. 
Fruit        spherical. 


Fruit  with  a  villous 
disV.  (Doa't  Jtm.) 
A  bushy  shrub.  Of 
wj.  r.i.,|pmii»iu.  garden  origin,  pro- 

bably a  hybrid  be- 
tween   P.    orbutiraiia    and   P.   Cbamttm^ppilua.    . 
Height  4  ft.  to  5  ft.     Cultivated  in  1810.    Flow-  ' 
«rs  while;  May  and  June.     Fniit  dark  purple; 
npe  Sept.     Decaying  Itaves  purple  and  vellow.  »i-  r.i..,p.,MiiiK. 

It  bears  a  profusion  of  flowers,  and  dark  purple  fruit ;  and,  on  that  account 
and  also  on  account  of  the  nurple  linyi..  of  its  leaves,  it  is  l.iL-hly  ornamental: 
Ur.  Lmdley  considers  ,t  as  the  most  Vdiuable  species  of  tbis  division  of  POr"* 
that  has  hitherto  been  deacnbed.  ■' 

5  viii,  CliatiKTmhpibu  Dec. 

S?rt.  Char.     PetaU  upright,   conniving,  coiicBve.     Style*   2.     Pome   ovate 
Leaves  simple,  glandless.     Flowers  in  a  capitate  corymb.  {Dec.  Prod.) 


»  48.  P.  Cham^me'si 


s   Lmdl.     The  dwarf 


'^rWMuMgii. 


LIodL  Id  Un,  Sw.  Tru>., 


.'S3?,  i  Don't  Mill' 


,,.111  dUDEmhpJ],,.  , 

B'^ia  Cr«u%  Amlr.ta. 
BlrfritBT  UlipoliHuin,  (ler. 
'"Cnnw.    iicq.  Aiuir..  [.  ui 


imMiipUui 


,   ,        — ,j,  serrated,  gla- 

-.^u,,  eicept  bearinf!  on  the  under  sutfece, 
when  voung,  down,  which  is  deciduous.  (Dec. 
ftorf.)     A  siiff-branched  shrub.     Europe,  in 
tough  mountainous   places.     Height  Sft.  to 
6  ft.     Introduced   in    1683.     Flowers  while 
tinted  with  rose;  Mav  and  June.  Fruit  round, 
orange-coloured,  or  red  ;  ripe  in  September. 
This  species  forms  a  compact  bush,  and  flow- 
er, and  fruits  in  the  grealejt  abundance,  and 
lience  it  merits  to  be  much  more  eitensively 
inirodviced  into  collections  than  it  a,,pefirB   to 
have  hitherto   been.    ,  It  grafts   beautifully  on 
We  common  hawthorn ;  and,  indeed,   whoever 
has  a  quickset  hedge  may  have  a  collection  of 
all  the  species  of  this  genua. 


b 


j?^^;rS^'S-itJ?s.S''l„.^E 


glabi 

""  "-  \"i — .:"'T  K"u<-ou8  neneatn.     Fruit  black 

t  1-ort  Mandon.  —  P.  lo>netild,a  Dec.  Prod  ii 
r; --..,  ".mu.  Luiueniosa  i/w,H.  Cnuri.  ed,  2.   v.  n   43S       Alli«l   .«   p    i 


AHBOBBTUM    ET  TRUT1C£TUM   BRITANHICUH. 


^nenjtmti^    Pint  ap.  Ltn-  \  CotrruulvFi 

OiritilHit.    Fioni  III  lullia  plic^  (>Jini. 

Gen.  Char.  Cali/i  5-cleft.  Petalt  orbicular.  Stammt  erect.  Siylet  5.  Pome 
cloned,  5-cel1cn  ;  cells  cBrtiWiooua,  manj'-Beeded.  Secdt  covered  witb  mu- 
cilaginouH  pulp.  {Don't  Mi/I.) 

Leatxt  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  ;  lerrated  or  entire.  J'Touwr* 
hrgc,  solitar}',  or  few  together  in  a  kind  of  umbel. — Low  deciduous  trees  or 
■hnibs,  natives  of  Europe  and  Asia  ;  easily  propagated  by  layers,  or  by  graft- 
"  ''  n  thorn.     Common  soil,  rather  moist  than  dry. 


T  1.  C.  tulda'bis  Pa-i.    The  common  Quince  Tree. 

I(b:mllflaMm.    Pen.  Sni..  9.  p.  tO.  ;  D«.  Prod.,  1.  p.  «3fl,  ;  Don*!  Mill.,  9.  ii.  660. 
Snoirmii.    FiniiCjabaii  Cin.Sp.  SKI..  Jacq.  Auur.  t.  M9.I  C  nrcpc'i  £».  JA.  Ton.  1. 
Sutrtrlntt.    Jicq.  Aiutr.,  1. 141. 1  Uiapliuln  Aib.  BriL,  lit  (dlt..  toL  tI.  ;  uid  our j((.  Slir. 


Spec.  Char,,  8fe.  LcBTes  ovate,  obtuie  at  the  base,  entire,  tomentose  beneuh. 
Calyx  tomentoae ;  its  lobes  serrulated,  and  a  little  leafy.  Stamen*  in  one 
row.  (Dtc,  Prtid.)  A  low  tree.  Bouth  of  Europe,  in  ro<iy  places  and 
hedges;  and  by  some  considered  indigenous  in  Britain.  Height  15  ft.  to  Soft. 
Cultivated  in  1573.  Flowers  white;  May  and  June.  Fruit  Urge, of  a  fine 
orange  yellow  ;  ripe  in  November. 
Varietiei. 

I  C.  B.  I  ptpifirmii  Hon.  —  Frait  pear-shaped, 
"*  C.  V.  S  maSfbmat  Hort.  —  Fruit  apple-shi^wd. 


XXVI.  boba'cejb:  cydo'nia.  451 

T  C.  c  3  buUamca  Du  Ham.— Broader  lesvei,  and  Urger  fruit,  than  the 

two  preceding  kinda  ;  and,  being  of  more  vigoroui  growth,  it  is 

better  adapted  for  being  uaed  u  a  stock  for  pears. 

The  quince  ia  a  low  tree,  with  a  crooked  stem  and  tortuous  rambling 

branches.     It  is  of  moderatel;  rapid  growth  wben  young  ;  attaining,  in  four 

or  live  years,  the  height  of  6  or  8  feet ;  and,  in  ten  or  twelce  years,  the  height 

of  15  feet :  after  which  it  continues  to  increase  in  width  of  head  only  i  bang 

very  aeldom  found  higher  fhaa  15  or  80  feet. 

The  quince  prefers  a  moist  free  soil,  near  water,  and  a  «tuation  open,  but 
sheltered.  In  dry  soil,  neither  the  tree  nor  the  fruit  attains  any  size ;  and, 
in  situations  expc»ed  to  high  winds,  the  fruit  will  not  remain  on  the  tree  till 
ripe.     Layers, 

T  2.  C.  sine'nsii  T%auin.     The  China  Quince  Tree. 
IdKUOalkm.    Tlmitai  Au.  Hiu.,  I«.  p.  141.  t  8.  ndR.i  Dm  Pnd..  1  p.«».i  Qwi'i  UlU.,  1. 

udl.  I  t£*  pUic  of  Ihli  tnalD  Aito.  Biit.,  litoUL.  tdI.tI.  \  triil 


Spec.  Oiar^  ^c.  Leares  ovate,  acuminated  at  both  ends,  acutely  aemtted, 
when  young  a  little  rilloae,  and  when  adult  glabrous.  Stipules  oblong 
linear,  terrued  ;  the  teeth  glanded.  Flowers  rosy,  becoming  red.  Calyx 
glabrous  ;  its  lobes  iierrulated,  and  a  little  leafy.  Stamens  in  one  ro«.  Fruit 
et;g-sbaped,  large,  hard,  almost  juiceless,  and  greenish.  Seeds  in  each  cell 
about  30,  with  many  abortive,  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  very  handsome  low  tree, 
very  distinct  in  appearance  from  the  common  quince,  from  the  shinbg  sur- 
face o!  its  leaves,  and  the  reeular  serraturea  of  their  margina.  China. 
Heightin  China  SO  fl.;  in  England  lOfi.  to  13ft.  Introduced  in  1818. 
Flowers  white  or  pale  red;  May  and  June.  Fruit  cgg>sh^>ed,  greenish, 
hard,  and  nearly  dry ;  ripe  m  October. 


452 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


610.    CJaiNSnica. 


A  3.  C.  japo'nica  Pert.    The  Japan  Quince  Tree. 

IdenttOcaHon.     Per*.  Syn~  2.  p.  40. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  698. ;  Don's  MUIm  2.  P- JMO.  '  . 

S^aS^Zs      ?  AnL  J^nlca^^rAMii*.  «.  Ja/».  807.;  aad  Bot.  Mag.  L  692.  j  Ch«nom«c.  j*p6nlc« 

siS^viit  StTiiMlSi. ,  Morri.  FL  Con.p.,  1. 1. ;  our^fe.  809. ;  and;^.  810.  .bowing  the  fruit 

Spec,  Char,,  <$•<?.  Leaves 
oval,  somewhat  cuneated, 
crenately  serrated,  gla- 
brous upon  both  surfaces. 
Stipules  kidney-shaped, 
anci  serrated.  Flowers 
mostly  2 — 3  together, 
rarely  solitary.  Calyx 
glabrous  ;  its  lobes  short, 
obtuse,  entire.  Stamens 
in  two  rows.  (Dec,  Prod,) 
A  rambling  deciduous 
shrub.    Japan  and  China. 

Height  5  ft.  to  6  ft.  Introd.  in  1815.     Flowers  scar- 
let ;  produced  the  greater  part  of  the  yey.    Fruit 
c.iMdnic«.  green,  very  fragrant,  but  not  eatable  ;  ripe  in  Oct. 

Vctrieties 

•  C.  j.  2  Jlore  alho  has  cream-coloured,  or  very  pale  red,  flowers,  and 

forms  a  very  distinct  kind  when  in  blossom. 

•  C.  j,  3  fl»  semi-pleno  has  red  flowers,  somewhat  semidouble.     There 

are  plants  of  this  kind  in  the  Kensington  Nursery. 
One  of  the  most  desirable  deciduous  shrubs  in  cultivation,  whether  as  a 
bush  in  the  open  lawn,  trained  against  a  wall,  or  treated  as  an  ornamental 
hedge  plant.  It  has  al.so  been  trained  up  with  a  single  stem  as  a  standard ; 
and,  in  this  character,  its  pendent  branches  and  numerous  flowers,  give  it  a 
rich  and  striking  appearance,  especialljr  in  early  spring.  It  u  difficult  to  unite 
with  its  congeners  by  grafting ;  but,  if  it  could  be  grafted  standard  high  on  the 
pear,  the  hawthorn,  or  even  on  the  common  quince,  it  would  form  a  most  de- 
lightful little  tree.  Readily  propagated  by  layers  or  suckers,  and  it  also  grows 
by  cuttings. 


Order  XXVII.     CALYCANTHA^CEiE. 

Ord,  Char,  Calyx  coloured,  many-parted.  SegmenU  in  many  series,  unequal. 
Corolla  none.  Stamens  indefinite,  in  several  series.  Anthers  adnate,  ex- 
trorse.  Styles  exserted.  Carpels  1-seeded,  enclosed  within  the  fleshy  tube 
of  the' calyx.  Albumen  none.  Agrees  with /Josaceae  in  fruit,  and  Granate« 
in  leaves,  but  differs  from  both  in  the  absence  of  petals  (G.  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  feather-nerved,  rough. 
Flowers  axillary.  —  Beciduous  shrubs,  natives  of  Asia  and  America. 
CalycaS'thus.     Stamens  12,  deciduous. 
Chimona'nthus.     Stamens  5,  persistent. 

Genus  I. 


[ 


CALYCA'NTHUS   UndL    The  Calycanthus,  or  AifKRiCAN  Allspice. 

lAn,  Syst,  Icosandria  Polygjfnia. 

Jdentifteation.    LlndL  in  BoL  Reg.,  t.404.;   New  Nor.  Act.  Nat.  Cor.  Bonn.,  11.  p.  107. ;  Dee. 
Prod.,  3.  p.  S. ;  Don's  MIU.,  2.  p.  652. 


XXVII.   CALVCANTHA^CEX :    CALYCa'NTHUS.  453 

lam.,IVaid.;  BBttD»rAi  Du  Him.  Arb..  1^  ll4..i>«or  LId.; 
Ian  |>)HCE  Ibrab).  Kalch  Blunc.  Orr.  •.  ballculo,  llat. 

Gen.  Char.  Lobet  of  calyx  dispoaed  in  manj  aeriea,  imbricate,  lanceolate, 
alt  gomewhat  coriaceous  and  coloured.  Slmmrru  unequal,  deciduous, 
12  outer  ones  rertile.     Achema  numerouB.  (Don;  MiU.) 

Lemet  simple,  alternate,  acipulate,  deciduous  ;  entire,  coriaceous. 
FlouKTi  axillai7,  rising  uflcr  (be  leacee,  of  a  lurid  purple  colour,  and 
sweet-scented,  as  well  as  the  bark  and  leaves. 

Deciduous  shrubs,  natives  of  North  America  ;  propagated,  in  England,  by 
layers.  DeCandoUe  states  that  the  remoyalofthe  terminal  leaf  bitd  of  a 
shoot  causes  the  production  of  two  uew  flower  buds  ;  and  chat  by  this  practice 
a  succession  of  flowers,  during  the  whole  summer,  may  be  obtained  when 
desirable.  (Dec.  Prod.) 

m  1.  C.  flo'bidus  L.     The  flowery  Calycanthus,  or  Carolma  Allspice. 
Ltatttfitatim.    Lin. Sp., IIS.)  Null.  Gol  Amtr,  t.  p.tli.;  Dec.  PmL.l.  f.i;  Don't  UUI..  1- 


^c.  Oar.,  ^0.  Wood 
of  the  trunk,  and  es-  " 
pecially  of  the  root, 
mtenaely  camphor-  ■■ 
scented.  Branches 
spreading ;  branchlets 
tomentose.         Leaves  j 


I,  Flowers  mostly 
abortive.      Fruit   toth   . 
shaped.  (Dec.   Prod.)  I 
A     dense     orbiculate  ^ 
bush.  Carolina,  on  the 
shaded  bankd  of  rivu-  sil  c.ataiat. 

111.  uuetaibu  Bdid...  lets.  Height  6  ft.  to  Sft, 

Introduced  in   1786,      Flowers  dusty,  purple,  scented:  May  to  August. 
Fruit  brown,  rarely  seen  in  England.     General  aspect  of  the  foliage,  in 
summer,  dark  brownish  green.      Decaying  leuves  bright  yellow.     Naked 
young  wood  dark  brown. 
Vanetiet.     DeCandoUe  nives  two  forms  of  this  species  ;  — 

a  C.f.\  obl&agut,~\^yao\Aong(^Ml.HoTt.Keui.,ei.i.,Z.  p.  282.);  and 

■  C.f.i  ovaiut,  leaves  roundiahly  ovate  (Ait.  Hort.  Kew.,   ed.  2.,  3. 

The  following  varietiei  are  in  Loddiges's  Catalogue  for  1836;  and  plants 
of  most  of  them  are  in.theirarborelum,  and  in  that  of  the  Horticultural 
8tK;iety;  — 

■  C.  /  3  atplemjaliut  has  cut  leaves. 
»  C.f.  ijirax  has  fertile  flowers. 

»  C.  f.  5  gla&cui  has  leaves  somewhat  glaucous. 

*  C.  f.  6  JBudmiu  has  Aowers  nearly  scentless. 

It  C.  f.  1  longijoliut  has  elongated  leaves. 

■  C.  /  8  varicgaiui  has  variegated  leaves. 

The  flowers  irow  singly  on  short  peduncles  at  the  extremity  of  the 
tminchei  •,  they  nave  two  series  of  narrow  thick  sepals,  which  spread  open, 
and  turn  inward  at  the  top,  like  those  of  the  anemone  or  claaatis.    It  tbnve* 


454 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


best  in  a  light,  rich,  sandy  soil,  kept  rather  moist,  and  in  a  shady  situation. 
The  varieties  differ  very  slightly  from  each  other. 

•  2,  C.  (f.)  glau'cus   WUld.  .  The  glaucous-ipov^i  Calycanthus,  or  fertile' 

flowered  American  Aiiipice. 


Don's 


Identiftoatfon.    Wllld.  Bnum.,  669. ;  Parth  F1.  Sept.  Amer.,  p.  867. j  Dec.  Prod.,  a  6.  S. 
Synonyme.     C.  ftrtiUt  WaU.  Car.  151..  Lindl.   Bol.  Reg.  t  404.,  Oit*mp.  Abb.  Bobi.  t.  6., 

MiU.  3.  p.  652. 
EngrovHigs.    Bot.  Reg.»  t.  404. ;  Gulmp.  Abb.  Hols.,  t.  5. ;  and  our 

/V-813. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c,  Branchea  spreading.  Leaves  ovate- 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  glaucous  beneath,  pubescent. 
Flowers  less  odorous  than  those  of  C.  fl6ridu8. 
(Dec,  Prod.)  A  dense  orbiculate  bush.  Carolina, 
on  mountains.  Height  6  ft.  to  8  ft.  Introduced 
in  1726.  Flowers  lurid  purple.;  Mav  to  August. 
Fruit,  leaves,  and  young  wood  as  in  the  preceding 
species. 

Variety, 

A  C,g.2obiongifoliut  Nutt  Oen.  Amer.  i.  p.  3 12., 
£>ec.  Prod.  iii.  p.  2.  C  oblongifolius  Hort, 
Brit, — Leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  elongated. 
A  native  of  North  Carolina,  on  mountains.  (Dec,  Prod^  iii.  p.  2.) 

Closely  resembling  C.  fl6ridus  in  general  appearance ;  and  requiring  the 
same  soil  and  culture.  According  to  Fursh,  tne  flowers  are  like  tnose  of  C. 
floridus ;  but  their  scent  is  not  so  agreeable,  and  is  more  feint.    Whether 


818.    C.(f.| 


laving  flowered,     we  nave  tneretore  retained  the  descripti 
kind  as  a  species,  in  deference  to  Pursh,  DeCandolle,  and  O.  Don,  though  we 
strongly  suspect  that  they  are  identical. 

A  3.  C.  (p.)  LfviOA^us  WiUd.     The  glabrou8-/^aw*(f  Calycanthus,  or  Ame- 

rican  AlSpice, 

Ideniifieation.    Willd.  Enuiii.,  569.  \  Wllld.  Hort.  Berol.,  t.  80. ;   Pursh  Fl.  Sept.  Amer.,  p.  858.  ; 

Nutt  Oen.  Amer.,  1.  P.SlJLj  Dec.  Prod., '3.  p.  2. ;   Don's  Mill.,  2.  p.  6.^2. 
Sffnonifmei,   C.  firax  MtchM,  Fl  Bar.  Amer.  1.  p.  805.;  C.  pennsyl-  ^         ^^ 

T&nicus  Lodd,  Cat.  ^ 

Engravings.    Bot.  Rcf .,  t.  481. ;  and  our  Jig.  814. 

Spec,  Cfuxr-y  ^c.  Branches  strictly  upright  Leaves 
oblong  or  ovate,  and  gradually  acuminated,  slightly 
wrinkled ;  the  upper  surface  rough  to  the  touch, 
the  under  one  glabrous  and  green.  (Dec,  Prod.) 
A  dense  orbiculate  bush.  Pennsylvania,  Virginia 
and  Carolina,  on  mountains.  Height  3  ft.  to  5  ft. 
Introduced  in  1806,  and  resembling  the  two  pre- 
ceding sorts  in  appearance  and  culture,  but  with 
the  leaves  more  pointed.  Very  probably  the  C.  f. 
4  (erax  of  the  preceding  page. 


Genus  II. 


Life. 

CHIMONA'NTHUS  Lindl,    Tbb  Chimonanthus,  or  Wzsteh^Floiver. 

Lin,  Syit,  Icos&ndria  Polyg/nia. 
Identifieatkm.    Ltndl.  Bot.  Reg.,  t.  404.  and  461. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  8.  p.  1 ;  Don's  Mill.,  S.  p  606. 


XXTU.  calycantha'ce^  :  chimona'ntbub.  455 

JaniiyH.    HnttJaKM  Act.  Sot  Nit.  Bonn.  11,  p.  IDT. )  Ciljiln')'' 9'  Una. 

OerwiHon.    From  cAtAhhi  vlDter,  iDd  emtko*,  a  Oown- ;  In  bIJiiiIoq  le  Ibt  isuiia  of  lu  AawflinB. 

Cr«a.  Ctor.  label  of  cal^x  imbricate,  oval,  obtUK  ;  outer  ones  in  the  form  ot 
bracieas;  inner  oneifau^r,  and  appearing  like  a  corolla,  ^tenmt  nearly  equal, 
penuanent,  the  five  outer  ones  fertile,  conndte  at  the  bate.  {Don't  Idill.) 

Leanct  simple,  altotiate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  entire.     Flovtm  riting  be- 
fore the  lesTcs,  in  the  axils  of  the  lesTcs  of  the  preceding  fear ;  very  sweet- 
scented  ;  jel)owial|,  but  purplish  inside.     Bark  and  leaves  nithout  scent. 
A  deciduous  shrub,  a  natiTe  of  Japan ;  remarkable  for  the  rra^rance  of  its 
fiowera,  which  are  produced  from  December  till  March,  even  m  the  open 
fprden,  in  the  neignbourhood  of  London,  and  more  esnedsUj'  if  the  plant 
IS  trained  against  a  wall.     The  blossoms  are  produced  singlj,  in  the  axils 
of  the  leaves,  on  the  shoots  of  the  preceding  jear,  and  also  on  spurs  pro- 
ceeding from  the  old  wood.     The  soil,   culture,   dtc.,   are  the  same  as  for 
Calyduithus. 

•  1.  C.  praNjrams  lAadL     The  fragrant^uwnd  Chimonanthus. 

UmlMsmllim.    LMI,  B«.It«,[.  Wt-UI.;  DM.  Prod,S,  p-lj  Dcn-i  HUL,  Ip.  Ut. 

Snomr^i.  CilTciniliui  pnAoi  LIm.  Sf.  Ills,  Jit.  am.  Knc.  td.  1.  toI.  i  p.  m.  t.  10.,  Curl. 
Bat.  Mat.  t.  M&.  Lem.  jk  (.  MS.  L  1.  (  Mvilitte  tAgrtnt  Utn  Ad.  Sac.  KuL  Sam.  II.  p.  107.  i 
O'b^  ot  BSbd,  ifcHp/.  .iJKn.  Sro.  It  I   Aa  WlnHr-FlDwn  1  Calycuiu  da  Japan,  A',  |  lift- 

SatrauMM.  Hmmpf.  Amcni.  Ic  )  Alt.  IIsn.K>w.,  ad.  I.  ToL  11.  t.  ID. ;  Bot.  tfic..t.HS.j  Lam. 
m.  I.  4U.  L  t.  ;  U)4  MIT  Jig.  SIS. 

Sp€C,  Char.,  ^c.     Bark  and  leaves  scentless.     Fiowera  protruded  before  the 
leaves,  tolitaiy  in  the  old  axils  of  leaves,  extremely  odorous,  yelluvrish,  and 
purple  within.    Fruit  Hasb-shajied,  or  thicker  above  the 
base,  and  in  the  upper  part   tapered  into  a  cylindrical 
neck.  {Dec,  Prod.)     A  deciduous  ilirub,  Jupiin.  Height 
6  ft  to  8  ft.  as  a  bush, 
twice  that  height  when 
trained  against    a   walL 
Introduced      in       1776. 
,      Flowers    yeUowiah    and 
puipie  within ;  Di;cember 
to  March.      Fruit  flask- 
shaped.  Decaying  leaves 
greenish,     Nued  young 
wood  light  grey. 

*!*.    C  ftM'aai  litodldbnh 

■  C.f.  Sgrmdi/lAnu  Lind.  Bot.  Re((.  t.  451.  i  and  our;%.  816.— Flowers 
larger  and  more  spreailing.  Fruit  oblong  tapered  at  the  base. 
(Dec.  Prod.) 

A  C.f,  3  lileia  Hort.  has  the  llowere  yellow  both  inside  and  outside. 

*  C./.i  parvijldrui  Hon.  —  A  distinct  late-flowering  variety.  PlanU 
in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

The  flowers,  which  are  produced  in  the  grenteBt  abundance  from  November 
tUl  March  (as  the  name,  winter-flower,  impliesj,  and  which  are  delightfully  and 
refreshingly  fragrant,  scent  the  air  to  a  considerable  distance  round  the  tree. 
It  is  grown  in  most  choice  gardens  for  its  flowers ;  a  few  of  which  are 
gathered  daily,  and  placed  in  the  drawingroom  or  boudoir,  in  the  same  man- 
ner ai  violets.  The  plant  is  generally  pnipugated  by  layers ;  but  it  frequently 
produces  s^s,  from  which  many  plants  have  been  raised.  The  variety  C.  f. 
grandifionis  has  the  flowers  rather  less  fi^ranc  than  the  species,  but  they  are 
much  more  omauiental.  No  garden  whatever  ought  to  be  without  this  shrub. 
North  of  Londnn,  it  deserves  a  wall  as  much  as  any  fruit  tree;  at  least, 
judging  fiwn  the  measure  of  enjojmenl  which  it  is  calcidated  to  aflbrd :  and. 


ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

fltanclard  liush  on  the  open  lawn,  or 


Order  XXVITI.     GRANATA^CE^. 

ORD.  Chab.  Calyx  5 — 7-cleft,  tube  turbinate,  limb  tubular  ;  e 
Tate.  Pttali  5 — T.  Siameru  indefinite,  free.  Sli/le  Gliforni.  Sligma  capitate. 
Fruit  laree,  spherical,  divided  horizonially  into  two  compHrtinents,  lower 
part  S-ceTled;   upper  part   5 — 9-celled^      Seedt   numerous,  covered   with 

Eellucid  baccate  pulp.  Albumen  wanting.  DifierE  froni  ilfyrtacese  in  the  leavet 
eing  without  dots.     {G.  Don.) 
Leata  simple,  opposite  ur  ajtemale,  exstipulale,  deciduous',  lanceolate, 
entire,     Ftouiert  terminal,  acarlet.  —  Shrubs  or  low  trees,  natives  of  Africa. 

Genus  I. 


li 


a 


PITNICA  Toum.     The  Pomegramatb  Trbb.     Lin.  Syit.  Icosundria 
Monogynia. 

S^nontmri.    The  Culbaglniia  Apple  i  Crenaditr.  Fr. ;  nriuau,  Oit!;  MtlDgtiDO,  Slal  ;  Gnna- 
Deriiaitao.     filiidia  li  uld.  In  Ihe  Kaamu  Du  Uamd.  lo  be  d*rtt«d  illhtr  Ihjm  piiiuccid.  tnukt 

Gen.  Char.  Same  as  that  of  the  order. 

Leavei  simple,  opposite,  soniEiimes  wliorieil  or  allernale,  exstipulate,  deci- 
duous ;  oblong,  entire.      Flaiiitrt  terminal,  scarlet,  with  nunit 
—  Low  deciduous  trees  or  shrubs,  indigenous  to  Africa,  and 
the  South  of  Europe. 

t  1,  P.  Grinatuh  /... 

UnitiflcaHim.    Ltn.  Sp.,  STt. :  Dh.  Prod,.  S. 
£ii|mAigi.     Bol  Mig.,  (.  lUl.  I  (Ud  ourjlf.  on. 

^rc.   Char.,  ifc.     Stem   arboreous.      Leaf   lanceolate.    {Dec.   Prod.)      A 
deciduous  tree.     iUauritania,  whence  it  maj'  have  migrated  into  the  South 
Europe,  where  it  is  now  perfectly  indigenous.  Height,  in  France  and  llnly, 
\5{t.  to  30Ct.;  in  England  generally  trained  against  a  wall,  where  it  attabs 
double  that  height  when  there  is  room. 
Introduced   in   154S.       Flowers   scarlet ; 
June   lo    September.      Fruit  globuse,   in 
warm  seasons  gometiraes  ripened  in  No- 
venilier. 
Vanetiei. 

1  P.  O.   1  ruinim  Dec.  Prod.  iii.  p.  3. 

(Trew  Ehret,  t.  71.  f.  1. ;  Poit.  et 

Turp.   Arbr.   Fr.,   22.  j     Schkuhr. 

HaDdb.,LI3l.6.;  Sims  Bot.  Mag., 

t.  183S.;  and  our^.  817.)  has  the 

floweri  red  ;  pulp  of  fruit  reddish. 

Wild  in   Mauritania  and  the  Suulh 

of  Europe,  and  enduring  even  the 

coldest  winters.  (I>fc.  Prod.,in.p.3.)  ,„    ,  o™^,.  p^^,^ 


XXVIII.    GRANATA^CE^.      XXIX.  TAMARICA^CEiE.  457 

a  P.  G.  2  r^bnimjiore  pieno  Trew  Ehret  t.  71.  f.  2.  has  double  red 

flowers.     It  is  common  in  gardens,  and  is  a  little  more  impatient  of 

cold  than  the  preceding  variety.  (Dec,  Prod,,  iii.  p.  4.^ 
•  P.  G.  3  albetceiu  Dec.  Prod.  iii.  p.  4.,  Andr.  Bot.  Rep.  t.  16. —  Petals 

white.     Calyx  slightly  yellowish.     Pulp  of  the  fruit  of  a  pale  red. 

It  is  cultivated  in  gardens,  and  is  ratner  more  tender  than  P,  G. 

riibrum.  (Dec,  Prod.,  iii.  p.  4.) 
A  P.  G.  4  albescens  flbre  plena  Dec.  has  double  flowers,  which  are  nearly 

white.     It  is  cultivated  in  gardens,  and  is  the  tenderest  of  all  the 

forms  of  the  species.  {Dec,  Prod,,  iiL  p.  4.) 
A  P.  G.  djidvum  Hort.  has  the  flowers  yellow,  but  is  rare  in  gardens. 

A  tree,  in  magnitude  and  ligneous  character,  bearing  considerable  resem- 
blance to  the  common  hawthorn.  In  the  South  of  France,  and  in  Spain  and 
Italy,  it  grows  to  the  height  of  18  or  20  feet ;  forming  a  very  branchy  twiggy 
tree,  seldom  found  with  a  clear  stem,  unless  it  has  been  pruned  up.  In  a 
wild  state,  about  Marseilles,  it  forms  a  thorny  bush  ;  but,  in  the  gardens  about 
Nice  and  Genoa,  it  is  a  very  handsome  small  tree,  much  admired  both  for 
its  flowers  and  its  fruit.  In  the  South  of  Europe,  the  pomegranate  is  culti- 
vated for  its  fruit  ^  and,  in  some  places,  as  a  hedge  plant.  It  is  also  grown  as 
an  ornamental  tree ;  the  stem  being  trained  to  the  height  of  6  or  8  feet,  and 
the  head  afterwards  allowed  to  spread,  and  droop  down  on  every  side.  The 
flingie  wild  pomegranate  will  grow  in  almost  any  soil ;  but  the  double-flowered 
varieties,  and  the  species  when  it  is  intended  to  bear  fruit,  require  a  rich  free 
soil.  Whether  the  object  be  flowers  or  fruit,  the  bead  of  the  tree  should  be 
thinned  out,  and  so  cut  as  to  multiply,  as  much  as  possible,  short  slender 
shoots  ;  on  the  points  of  which  alone  the  flowers  are  produced.  The  plant 
is  easily  propagated  by  cuttings  of  the  shoots  or  of  the  roots,  by  layers,  or 
by  grafting  one  sort  on  another.  The  double  variety  grafted  on  the  single  is 
more  productive  of  flowers  than  when  raised  by  cuttings  or  layers ;  and  in 
good  rich  soil,  judiciously  supplied  with  water,  it  will  continue  producing  its 
large  scarlet  flowers  for  four  or  five  months.  When  the  plant  is  raised  from 
seeds,  they  ought  to  be  sown  immediately  on  being  removed  from  the  fruit ; 
because  they  very  soon  lose  their  vital  powers. 

A  2.  P,  (G,)  na'na  L,    The  dwarf  Pomegranate. 

tdeniificatkm.    Un.  Sp.,  67&  ;  Sfans  Bot.  Mac.  t«  684. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  3.  p.  4. ; 

Don't  MIU.,  9L  p.  688. 
S|r*MMyifi^«.    P.  aroeridUaa  ntoa  Tomru. ;  P.  Graniltum  ninum  Pert. 
Emgrammgs.    Bot.  Mag.,  t.  634. ;  Trew  Ehret,  t.  71.  f.  3.  ;  and  our  fig.  818. 

Spec.  Char,,  Sfc,  Stem  shrubby.  Leaf  linear.  (Dec,  Prod,) 
A  low  deciduous  bush ;  said  to  be  a  native  of  the  Cari- 
bee  Islands  and  of  South  America,  about  Demerara.  In- 
troduced in  1723.    Flowers  red ;  June  to  September. 

Without  doubt,  only  a  variety  of  P,  Gran^tum.  gis.   p.  o.)  d*b«. 


Order  XXIX.     TAMARICA^CEiE. 

Obd,  Char.  Calyx  4^— 5-parted.  Petals  4—5.  Stamens  4 — 5  or  8— 10,  free 
or  monadelphous.  Style  short.  Stigmas  3.  Capsule  trigonal,  d-valved,  I- 
ceHed,  many-seeded.  Placentas  3  at  base  of  cell,  or  along  the  middle  of 'the 
valves.  Seeds  comose  at  apex.  Albumen  none.  Near  Frankeniacvt?  in 
Thalamifl6rfls. 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  sub-evergreen ;  linear- 
lanceolate.  Flowers  small. — Shrubs.  Natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa ; 
of  easy  culture  in  light  sand)r  soil.  The  genera  in  British  gardens  are  two! 
which  are  thus  contradistinguished :  — 


458  ARBORETUM   £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

Ta'marix.    Stamens  4 — 5.    Haire  on  the  seeds  simple. 
MraiCA^RiA.    Stamens  10.    Hairs  on  the  6eeds  feathery. 


Genus  L 


ji. 

TA'MARIX  Detv.    Thb  Tamarisk.    Lm.  SyH.  Pentandria  Tru^nia. 

tdeniifieaUon.    Detr.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.,  4.  p.  348.  \  Dec  Prod.  8.  p.  9fi.  j  Don's  MUU  2.  jp.  TSft. 

Sifnomymet.  The  species  of  TVmarix  or  authors  that  hare  4  stamens  and  5  stamens ;  Tamaris,  Ft*  s 
Tamarisken,  Ger.  \  Tamarlce,  Ttal. 

Derivation.  So  called,  according  to  some,  from  the  plants  growinK  on  the  banks  of  the  river  Tama^ 
rait  now  Tambra,  on  the  borders  of  the  Pyrenees ;  or,  according  to  others,  ftrom  the  Hebrew 
word  tamariit  cleansing,  on  account  of  their  branches  being  used  for  brooms. 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  4— 5-parted.  PetaU  4—5.  Stamens  4—5,  alternating  with 
the  petals,  almost  free.  Ovarium  tapering  to  the  apex.  Stig>»at  3,  long, 
divaricate,  glandular,  and  oblique  at  the  apex.  Seeds  erect,  inserted  nearly 
at  the  base  of  the  valves ;  tufted  ;  tuft  composed  of  numerous  simple  hairs 
arising  from  the  apex.  (JDon^s  Miil.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  sub -evergreen  i  linear, 
stem-clasping,  very  small;  adult  ones  diaphanous  at  the  apex.  Flowers 
in  spikes,  and  usually  disposed  in  panicles,  small,  red,  seldom  white. 

Tall  shrubs,  natives  of  Europe,  the  North  of  Africa,  and  the  West  of  Asia  ; 
sub-evergreen  in  British  gardens ;  and  highly  valuable,  as  standing  the  sea 
breeze  in  situations  where  few  other  ligneous  niants,  and  no  other  flowering 
shrubs,  will  grow.  The  whole  plant  is  very  bitter,  and  the  young  shoots  were 
formerly  employed  as  a  tonic,  and  as  a  substitute  for  hops  in  brewing  beer. 

A  A  1.  T.  GA^LLiCA  L.    The  French  Tamarisk. 

Tdentifteation.  Un.  Sp..  386. )  MUL  1c ;  Dec.  Prod.,  3.  p.  9& ;  Don's  MUL,  S.  p.  726. 

^mm^me$.    T.  narboofosls  Lob.  le.  1 1. 818. ;   TVmarfscus  gfllicus  All. ;   3)unartscai  psntfiidrQa 

Lam.  FL  Pr.,  not  of  Fall ;  Mlrlce,  Itat. 
Engravings.    N.  Du  Ham.,  toI.  tU.  t.  69. ;  and  ova  Jig.  819. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Glabrous,  glaucous.  Leaves  minute,  clasping  the 
stem  or  branch,  adpressed,  acute.  Spikes  of  flowers  lateral, 
somewhat  panicled,  slender,  5  times  longer  than  broad.  {Dec. 
Prod.)  A  sub-evergreen  shrub,  frequent  in  sandy  places  in 
the  middle  and  South  of  Europe,  and  in  the  South  of  England. 
Height  5  ft  to  10  ft.,  sometimes  twice  that  height.  Flowers 
pinlush  ;  May  to  October. 

Varieties.     In  the  Linnaa,  2.  p.  267.,  6  varieties  are  described,  for  ,,,   r.Kkak*. 
which  we  refer  to  our  first  edition,  as  the  plants  are  not  in  cul- 
tivation in  Britain,  and  indeed  appear  to  us  not  worth  keeping  distinct. 

T.  g&llica  prefers  a  deep,  free,  sandy  soil ;  and  will  only  attain  a  Urge  sise 
when  it  is  in  such  a  soil,  and  supplied  with  moisture  from  the  proximity  of  some 
river,  or  other  source  of  water.  It  is  valuable  as  thriving  on  the  sea  shore,  where 
few  other  shrubs  will  grow ;  as  being  sub-evergreen ;  and  as  flowering  late  in 
the  season,  and  for  several  months  together,  u  is  readily  propagated  by  cat- 
tings,  planted  in  autumn,  in  a  sandy  soil,  with  a  northern  exposure.  In 
favourable  situations  in  France  and  the  South  of  Europe,  it  grows  to  the 
height  of  15  or  20  feet ;  and  there  are  instances,  both  in  Britain  and  on  the 
Continent,  of  its  growing  as  high  as  30  ft.,  and  this,  we  suppose,  has  given  rise 
to  the  alleged  variety,  T.  g.  arbdrea.  In  the  South  of  Russia,  and  in  Tartary, 
the  species  assumes  a  great  variety  of  forms  according  to  the  soil  and  situa- 
tion  ;  the  tops  of  the  dwarf  pUnts  are  there  eaten  by  sheep,  and  the  stems  of 
the  larger  ones  used  as  handles  for  whips. 


:XXIX.    TiMARlCA'c&X.         XXX.  PHlLADELPHA^CEiE.       459 


□ 


HYRICA'RIA  Derv.    Tai  HrntcARU.    La.  Sytl.    Monad^phia 
Decindria. 
UaHjIkMUtm.    Q»t.AbilSc.MiL,4.f.M.i  Dec.Prod.l.ii.n.1  D(ni>iWI].,)  »  »> 

AnwiinHt.    Tbt  ivKtai  cf  nourb  of  wit^ ■--  ' -'-'-'- ' 

Orrtiunn.    From  «  ~     ' 

Gen,  Char,  Calyx  5-parted.  Pebdt  5.  Sbrmau  !0,  »lten»te  ones  ahorter 
than  the  rest ;  filusent*  moTiadelphous  Itdid  the  boM  to  about  the  middle. 
Stignai  3,  Bcaaile,  in  a  bead.  Seedi  in»erted  in  a  line  along  the  middle  of 
the  Talves,  tufted  at  one  end ;  hain  of  tufl  feathery.  (Don't  MUl.'i 

heaeei  simple,   alternate,    exstipulate,  evergreen;  linear  or  oblong,  be> 


Sob-erei^Teen  ihrub*,  not  pvwioc  to  half  the  beieht  of  Ttmarix  gillica, 
and  nadily  diitinguiahed  from  it  by  tbeir  longer  aod  thicker  leaves,  placed  at 
~wter  di*t«Dce  from  one  another  on  the  stem ;  and  by  their  ler^  flowers, 
h  have  10  Btaateiu.     Prop^ation  and  culture  u  in  the  preceding  genus. 

«  1.  H.  GtBMi'NiCA  Dtto.     The  German  Myricaria,  or  Grrnum  Tamaruk, 
.Add.  Sc.  Nit^t.ji.Ba.  I  D«c.  Fred.  *.  p.  «T.  i  Don'i  Mill..  1 
Sfmaiitmn.     TTburii   laraitiilu  Xfa.    Sp.  tW.  ;     T^mm  ' 
Lam.  n.  Fr.  t  TlDuffll  itCtadn   Mnek  \  TkmHTlicuA 
/c  a  L  lis.  1  Tuurt.  d-AlIn»tu,  ft      *■    - 
Tuoulsta  pittolL  Hal. 
SiVvtAvi.    Mill,  Ic.,  cHa-C  ■■  i  md  our  j^.  m, 
^ec.  Char.,  Ifc.  Fniticutose,  glabrous.  Leaves  linear-lanceo- 
late, aetaile.    Spikes  of  flowera  terminal,  solitary.     Brac- 
teas  longer  than  the  pedicels.    Cepsulei  aaceoding.  (Dec. 
Prod.)  AnevergTeenBhrub,withuprightsleDderbranches. 
Europe,  in  inundated  sandy  places,  and 
the  hanks  of  rivers  ;  and  in  Asia,  on 
CaucBuua,  and  the  Himalayas.     Height 
6  ft.  to  8  ft.     Introduced  in    15S2. 
Floirers  ptnktth  ;  June  to  September. 

•  2.  H.  dibu'bici  Dec.     The  Dahurian  Myricaria. 

Uit^»  iiijn     DecFrnl.,!.  P.M.:  Don't  HI1i.,S.  p.  ns. 

Swwtmrme.    Ttmmilt  imbHria  WOU.  ^d.  Brrnl.  Sa.it. 

giitrA^.    OuiJIi.Ml.lmBttfm^nmiaDt.liailxj'ibttiiuiaa.         , 

^)ee.  Otar.,  ^c.  Shrubby,  glabrous.  Leaves  linear,  al-  ^ 
tuoti  oblong,  sessile,  slightly  spreading.  Spikes  of  flow- 
era  lateral,  ovate-cylindrical,  thick,  blunt,  with  scales  at 
thebase.  Bracteas  extending  as  far  as  the  flowers.  (^Dec. 
Prod.)  Siberia,  beyond  the  Baikal ;  and  in  Dahuria.  In- 
troduced in  18)6,  and  closely  resembling  the  preceding 


Order  XXX.    i'HILADELPHA'CE.ffi. 

OXD,  CHAX.  Calyx  tube  turbinate,  limb  4 — 10-parted.  Pel^  ^—10, 
KBtivalion  convohitely  imbricate.  Stameni  numerous.  Stylei  distinct  or 
CDinbined.  Stigmat  numerous.  Capttile  half  inferior,  10-ccIled,  nwaj-seeded. 


460  ARBORETUM    ET    FHUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


% 


Seeds  subulate,  heaped  at  the  angles  of  the  cells ;  each  furnished  witli  a  loose 
membranous  aril.  Albumen  fleshy.  Differs  from  MyrdicesR  in  the  arillate 
albuminous  seed,  and  in  the  toothed  dotless  leaves.  (DotCs  Mill.) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  toothed,  serrated,  or 
sometimes  entire.  Flotuers  large,  white,  showy. — Shrubs,  natives  of  Europe, 
Asia,  and  America.  Three  genera  are  hardy  in  British  gardens,  which  are 
thus  contradistinguished: — 

Philade'lphus.     Calyx  4r-^parted.    Petals  4—5.  Stamens  20 — 40.  Styles 

4 — 5.     Capsule  4 — 5-cel]ed. 
Deu^tz/^i.     Calyx  5— 8 -cleft.     Petals  5—6.     Stamens  10 — 12.     Filaments 

tricuspidate.     Styles  3 — 4.     Capsule  3 — 4-celled. 
Decuma'ria.    Calyx  7— 10-toothed.    Petals  7 — 10.  Stamens  21 — 30.  Style 

1.     Capaule  7 — 10-celled. 


Genus  I. 


IjliIjl'U 


PHILADE'LPHUS  L.    The  Philadelphus.  or  Mock  Orakgb. 

Lin,  Sj/st.  Icos&ndria  Monogynia. 

IdenlificaiioH.    Lin.  Gen.,  No.  614. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  3.  p.  205. ;  Don't  Mill.,  1.  p.  807. 

Snwmumes.     S^rhua  Tourn.  Inst,  t  389.,  not  of  Lin. ;  Phlladelphiu,  Pr. ;  Pfeifenstrauch  (Pipe 

Shrub),  Ger.\  Fllwielpho,  Jtal.  ;  Pipe  Privet,  Gerard  y  the  Sjrringa  of  the  gardent. 
Defivati<m.    i>hi1«d£lphiu  i*  a  name  used  by  Athenaeus  for  a  tree  which  cannot  now  be  identififd  r 

Baubln  applied  it  to  thia  genui.    Instead  of  the  common  trivial  name  Syringa,  applied  to  this 

genus  in  gardens,  as  Its  English  name,  wo  havd  subatituted  its  generic  name,  Philadelphua ; 

Seringa  being  the  generic  name  of  the  lilac 

Oen,  Char.  Calyx  tube  obovate,  turbinate  ;  limb  4— 5-parted.  Petals  4 — 5. 
Stamens  20 — 40»  free,  shorter  than  the  petals.  Styles  4 — 5,  sometimes 
connected,  and  sometimes  more  or  less  distinct.  Stigmas  4—5,  oblong  or 
linear,  usually  distinct,  rarely  joined.  Capsule  4 — 5-celled,  many-seeded. 
Seeds  scobiform,  enclosed  in  a  membranous  arillus,  which  is  fringed  at  one 
end.  (Don's  MiU.) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  oval,  acuminate,  serrated 
or  entire.  Flowers  white,  usually  sweet-scented,  dis|>osed  in  corymbose 
cymes,  or  somewhat  panicled  on  the  extremities  of  the  lateral  shoots,  rarely 
axillary  and  bracteate. 

Deciduous  shrubs,  natives  of  Europe,  North  America,  and  Asia ;  culti- 
vated for  their  very  showy  white  flowers ;  most  of  which  have  a  strong  scent, 
resembling,  at  a  distance,  that  of  orange  flowers,  but,  when  near,  disagreeably 
powerful.  The  species  are  in  a  state  of  utter  confusion  :  there  are  probably 
only  three :  one  a  native  of  the  South  of  Europe,  or  possibly  of  some  other 
country  ;  one  of  North  America ;  and  one,  P.  tomentosus,  of  Nepal.  All 
the  kinds  are  of  the  easiest  culture  in  any  tolerably  dry  soil ;  and  they  are  all 
propagated  by  layers,  or  by  suckers  or  cuttings. 

$  i.  Stenis  stiff  and  straight.     Flowers  in  Racemes. 
^  \.  P.  coRONA^ius  L,    The  garland  Philadelphus,  or  Mock  Orange. 

IdentificatUm.    Lin.  Sp.,  671. ;  Schrad.  Diss. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  3.  p.  SOS. ;  Don's  MilL,  2.  p.  STT. 
Sjfncnffmei.    Sifrfnga  suardolens  Meench  Meth,  678. ;  Woblriechender,  Pfeifenstrauch,  6«r. ;  Ffoi 

angiolo,  Itak 
Engraving*.    BoL  Mag.,  t  891. ;  Schkuhr  Handb.,  1. 121.  ;  Lam.  III.,  1 420. ;  and  our/|r.  822. 

Spec,  Char.f  4*c.  Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  serrately  denticulate,  S-oerved, 
rather  glabrous,  but  hairy  upon  the  veins  beneath ;  inflorescence  racemose. 
Flowers  sweet-scented.    Lobes  of  the  calyx  acuminate.     Styles  distinct 


XXX.   PUILADELPHA  CE£:    PHILADE'LFHUS.  461 

elnKut  from  the  base,  not  exceeding  tbe  stamens 
in  height,  (Dec.  Prod,')  A  denae  fesllgiate  bush. 
I4ative  CDumry  uncertain;  according  to  some,  the 
finuth  of  Europe,  but  not  common  there.  Height 
10ft.  to  \2h.  Introducedin  1596.  Flowers  k bite, 
sweet-scentcd ;  May  and  June.  Fruit  brown; 
ripe  in  September.  Decaying  leaves  yellowiiib 
green. 
Varietiet.  This  Bpecies  varies  in  having  its  leaves 
sometimes  perfectly  glahroub  beneath,  and  some- 
times slightly  pubescent  along  the  nerves;  Blld,  be-  ifl.  p.  vadtlaL 
aides,  as  follows  :  — 

A  P.  <:.  1  mdedra  Schkuhr  Bandb.  t.  121.,  Lam.  III.  1. 130.,  Dec.  Prod, 
iii.  p.  205.  —  A  shrub  of  about  (he  height  of  a  maa.  Leaves  ovsle- 
oblong,  large,  and  rather  distant. 
^V.c,2  nami*  Mill.  Dicl.  2.— A  shrjb,  £  ft.  high ;  its  branches  and 
leaves  crowded,  and  its  flower-bearing  branches  incurved.  It  very 
seldom  flowers. 
•  P.c.SyUrf^iilJBoLodd.  Cat.  isa  dwarf  plant,  like  the  above,  but  with 

double  flowers, 
A  P.  e.  4  varicgatm  Lodd.  Cat.  has  the  leaves  variegated  with  white  or 
yellow,  and  is  one  of  the  few  varieties  of  deciduous  ehruba  which 
preserve,  through  the  summer,  a  tolerably  healthy  appearance  with 
their  variegation. 
The  shoots  are  clothed  with  a  white  bark,  and  interiorly  they  have  a  very 
large  pith.     The  leaves  are  rough,  and  of  a  deep  green  above,  though  they  are 
pale  b«nealh.    The  flowers  come  out  bam  (he  sidea  and  ends  of  ibe  branches, 
m  loose  bundles,  before  any  of  the  other  species  of  the  genus.     The  flowers 
smell  like  those  of  the  orange,  and  the  leaves  taste  like  the  fruit  of  the  cucum- 
ber.    It  will  grow  in  almost  any  situation,  whether  open  or  shady  ;  and  it  is 
easily  propagated  by  division  of  the  root,  and  by  suckers,  layers,  or  cuttings. 
A  *■  P-  (c.)  iNoDo'itus  L.  The  scentless^/fouwrerf  Philadelphus.or  Afoct  Orange. 

Mntlificallai.    Lin.  Sp..S71,  i  Puilli  !ic|i(.,  I.  p.  3S.  i  Dk.PthL,}. 

S^imna.    SkTfnxa  iDDdbn  Vmut;  F.  lixiu  Id  lUknu  BoiUrt 

«iTJ^>i  simiiUji  Kni-Ddore.  Hid. 
Eturarmt''    Cilob.  Cv..   1.  t.  St.  ;   BoL  Mu.,  t.  14TS. ;  IDil  our 

l^ire.  Char.,  jr.  Leaves  broad-ovBte,  acuminate,  per- 
fectly entire,  3-nerved,  usually  feather-nerved. 
Flowers  sbgly,  or  in  threes.  Style,  at  the  very 
tip,  divided  into  4  oblong  stigmas.  (^Dec.  Prvd.)  A 
lai^  rumbling  shrub.  Apparently  of  garden 
origin,  or  possibly  from  Nortn  America.  Height 
A  (I.  to  lOft,     Cultivated  in   1738.     Flowers  large. 


Not  altogether  so  hardy  as  P,  coro-  ' '    '~"'™' 

nanus;  though  it  appears  to  be  only  a  variety  of  chat  species. 

■  3.  P.  (c.)  ZEv'aER/   Schrad.     Zeyher-s   Philadelphus.  or 

Mocir  Orange. 
UaUi/lcaHOii.    SchniL  DIu.  Fbilid. ;  Dm.  Frod.,  3.  p.  gok,  Don'i  MIU..  0. 

Spec  Char.,  ^c.  Not  SO  Call  as  P.  c.  vulgaris.  Leaves  ovate, 
BcuminBte.  serrately  denticulate,  rounded  at  the  base,  3- 
nerveil,  ''^ry  upon  the  veins  beneath.    Inflorescence  toai» 


4fl2  ARBORETUM   ET    ifRUTICETllM   BRITANNICUM. 

what  r«cemaae.  Floweri  fewer  and  larger  than  in  P.  c,  TulgirU,  and  Bcent- 
le««.  Lobes  of  the  calyi  long,  acuminate.  Style  deeply  4-c left.  It  liiffem 
&oni  F.  c.  vulgaris,  chiefly  in  its  leavei  being  rounded  at  the  base,  and 
ia  its  flowers  bSog  fewer,  larger,  and  scentless.  (D^.  Prod.)  North  Ame- 
rica. Horticultural  Society's  Gardea. 
a  4.  P.  TEBHUCo'sus  Sdirad.     The  warted  Philadelphus,  or  Mock  Orange. 

limyialUm.    Srhrail.  Dlw.  rhiua.  i  D«.  Prcrf   I  p. JIM.i  Oon-i  Mm.,».^  S(I7. 

«yw»rfH.    /-.BTinillWniitW*.  ».(.««*.  t.  MO.  •!-««■  <«■«■'»•■ 

BitiraMiH:     Boc  Reg.,  L  B7(l.  1  uiii  our  A.  SU, 

Sptc.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  elliptic-ovate, 
Bcuminate,denticutHte,pubescentwith  ' 
hairs  beneath,  and  bearing  beneath, 
upon  the  midrib  uid  primary  veins, 
warts  at  the  base  of  the  hairs.  Similar 
warts  are,  also,  on  the  peduncles, 
pedicels,  and  calyxes.  Inflorescence 
racemose.  Lobes  of  the  calyx  acumi- 
nate. Style,  at  the  very  tip,  4-clen. 
^Dee.Pnd.)  Alarpe  vigorou»-«uw- 
ing  somewhat  &stigiate  shrub.  North 
America,  or  possibly  a  garden  pro- 
duction. Hdght  B  ft.  to  10  ft.  Culti- 
vated in  ISOO,  or  before.  Flowers 
white  1  May  and  June.     Fruit  brown; 

ripe  in  September.  au.  r  .-..iiri-i 

Young  shoots  twice  the  thickness  of  those  of  P.  eoronarius,  and  having  a 
somewhat  more  fostigiate  b^it.  When  in  flower,  this  sort  and  the  two  fol- 
lowinB  make  a  splendid  appearance  ;  the  plants,  in   fine  seasons,  being   so 


lowing  make  a  splendid  appearance  ;  tne  plants,  in 
entirely  covered  with  bloom  ai  scarcely  to  show  the  lea 


•  5.  P.  (v.)  LATiFo'Lios  Schrad.     The  broad4eaved  Philadelphus,  or  MotJt 

UmlflcalUm.     Schrwd.  Diu.  Phll^. :  D«.  Prod.. ».  p.  W.  i  Doo't  MUL.  I  p.  BM. 
Smamrtv,     p.  puliheeiu  Cell.  Hurl.,  Xirfi. 
^Herh.Avuil.t.ix.  __ 

Swroiteft.     Loll.  Herb.  Amit..  t  W«.  (  ud 

Spte.  Char„  ^c.  Bark  whitish. 
Leaves  broad-ovate,  acuminate, 
toothed,  nerved  with  about  6 
nerves,  and  pubescent  with  hairs 


Lobes   of   the   calyx    i 

Style  4-clell  at  the  vHry  tip.  (Dee 

Prod.}     A  large  rambling  shrub, 

but  still  somewhat  fustigiate,  and 

crowded   with   branches.      North 

America,  or  probably  a  garden  pro- 
duction.   Height  10 II.  Cultivated 

in  IBlS.orbefore.  Flowers  white  ; 

May  and  June.   Fruit  brown;  ripe  J 

in  8e]itember. 

Disunguishnble  by  its  bark  being 
whitish  ;  and  by  its  leaves,  especially 
those  of  the  younger  branches,  being 

more    broadly   ovate;    and  by  the  ui.  r.i'.iiMBii 

hairs  they  b«ir  not  being  based  by 
wan*.     A  toleraUy  distinct  variety,  aplcndid  when  iu  flower. 


XXX.    PHILADELPHACEX:    PHILADB'LPHUB.  463 

•   6.  P.  (t.)  FLORiBc'NDDt  SiArad.     The  abundantdowered  Philadelpbui, 

or  Mod  Orangr. 
HetuVtaHim.     8cAnd.  Dl«.  Fhited.;  Dk.  PnA.  S.  a.**.! 

Llon'iMUI..  1.  p. MI. 
SmgrawiailM.    Srbnd.  Din.  Ftllid..  le.  \  mi  em  ff.tB.  ftoo 

■  ipKliiini  In  OaCwdollt'i  hcrbulDm. 
S/xe.  Char.,  ifc.  Leave*  ovMe-oval,  and  with  b 
long  acuminate  tip,  soTBtely  toothed,  S-nerred, 
pubeacent  with  hairi  b^ieath.  Inflarescence 
EubracenKH&  Flowera  5 — 7,  ahowy,  gjightlv 
■cealed.  Lobei  of  the  calyx  long  and  acumi- 
DBte.  Style  4-cleftBt  the  ?erj'  tip.  {Dec.  Prod.) 
A  ihrub  like  the  preceding.  Of  uncertain  origin. 
Cultivated  in  1815  or  before. 


Sp^c.  dor.,  4a      Leaves  ovate,  rarely  oval-ovate,  long 

acuminated,  sharply  wrrate,  toothed,  clothed  with  hairy 

pubeacence   beneath.     Flowers   aolitary   or   by  threes. 

Style  deeply  4-cleft,  exceeding  the  iiament.     Lobes  of 

\f      calyx   with   very   long   acumens,    lulic   nearly   terete. 

hi       (Don't  Mill.')     A  vigorous-growing  ahrub,  with  aicend- 

H       ing  branches  gently  bending  at  their  extremities,  and 

^        loaded  vith   anow-white   flowers  of  the   largest   size 

n.  r.  ■,■■■...  and  scentless.  Ori^n  uncertain.     Height  10  ft.  to  14  ft. 

Cultivated  in  1815  or  before.     Flowers  white ;  June. 

Tile   handsomest   species  of  the  genua,  aod   at  preaeot  nve   in   British 
gardena.     Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

■  8.  P.  Qatcomi^iius  IJndl.     Oordon'i  Philadelphua  or  Mode  Orange. 

Himmkattem.    UnU.  In  Bat.  Ri».  ISM,  No.  n 
S^rm^Ht.    Bot-B^,  ins,  I.&.I  Hid«rj(('MB. 
^ec.  Ckar.,  ^c.      Braoches  pendulous,  scaly,  the  young 
aboott  pubescent     Leaves  ovate,  acute,  cosrsely  den. 
tate,  hairy  beneath.    Racemes  terminal,  compact,  5 — ft- 
flowered.  Orary  half  superior.  Style4-c]eA.  Calyispread- 
inglrom  the  fruit.  {lAndL)  Ahardyvigorous-growingshrub, 
having  a  weeping  appeanince  in  contequence  of  producing 
numerous  slender  side  shoots.     America,  on  the  north- 
west coast,  on  the  Columbia  River.in  wood*.  Height  eft. 
tolOft.  Introducedin  1823.  Flo«erEwhite,scentlesa,vcry 
hairy;  end  of  July.   Fruit  large,  smooth  ;  ripe  in  October.    *>••  r.O'Mitmm. 
The  leave*  are  bri^t  green,  rather  small,  ovate,  pointed,  S-nerved  at  the 
baae,  and  coarsely  serrated.     The  flowers  are  Urge,  pure  white,  and  produced 
in  great  profuaioD.    The  ipecies  is  readily  known  br  '      '      ' 
leaves,  its  nearly  superior  miit,  its  broad  spreading  caly 
manner  in  which  its  Sowers  are  arranged. 
the  apecies,  and  one  of  the  most  showy.     It  was  not  at  ail  injured  by  the 
■erere  winter  of  1837-8.     It  grows  in  any  common  soil,  and  is  readily  in- 
creased ftom  seeds,  or  by  cuttings  of  the  half-ripened  shoots  in  August.     It 
was  named  in  compliment  to  Idr.  Robert  Gordon,  foreman  of  the  arboretum, 
'ti  tbe  Hort.  Soc  Garden,  who  has  paid  great  attentioD  to  this  genu*. 


464 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


$  ii.    Stenus  more  slender^  rambling ^   twiggy^  and  loose.     Floweii 

solitary^  or  2  t>r  3  together, 

A  9.  P,  LA^xus  Schrad.    The  loose-grou/ing  Philadelphus,  or  Mock  Orange 

Identification.    Schrad.  DUs.  Philad. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  3.  p.  806. ;  Don't  MiU.,  S.  p.  807. 
Synonjfvies.    P.  htimlllk  Hortui. ;  P.  pubescens  Lodd.  Cat.  edit.  1836. 

Engraoinfis.     Schrad.  Dim.  Philad.,  Ic ;  Bot.  Reg.,  1839,  t.  39. ;  and  our  >^  830.  (Wnn  a  plant  li. 
the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ova!-ovate  and  with  a 
long  acuminate  tip,  toothed,  pubescent  with 
hairs  beneath.  Flowers  solitary,  2  or  3  together. 
Lobes  of  the  calyx  very  long,  acuminate.  Style 
4»clcrt.  Stiemas  about  level  with  the  stamens. 
(Dec,  Prod.)  A  low  straggling  shrub.  North 
America.  Height  4  ft.  to  5  it.,  but  covering 
double  that  space  upon  the  ground  with  its  long 
slender  deep  brown  shoots.  Introduced  about 
1830.  Flowers  white,  most  commonly  solitary 
and  almost  scentless. 

The  leaves  are  smaller  than  is  usual  in  the  genus, 
very  sharp-pointed,  with  the  toothing  unusually 
sharp  ;  the  uppermost  leaves  become  gradually 
narrow,  till  those  immediately  below  the  flowers 
are  not  unfrequentlv  linear  and  entire.  As  this 
species  leafs  early,  tne  young  shoots  are  apt  to  be 
killed  bv  frost,  and  when  this  takes  place  no  flowers  are  produced  that  season, 
as  it  is  from  the  ends  of  the  lateral  shoots  that  blossoms  always  appear  in  this 
genus.    (BoL  Reg.) 

ft  10.  P.  (l.)  grandiflo'rus  Willd.     The  large-flowered  Philadelphus, 

or  Mock  Orange, 

IdeniiflcaHon.    Willd.  Enum..  1.  p.  Ml. ;  Schrad.  Diis.  Philad. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  3.  p.  306. 

&unonymei.    P.  inoddrui  Hortui.  \  P.  Ikxut  Lodd.  Cat.  edit.  1886. 

Engravings.    Guimp.  Abb.  Holz.,  t.  44. ;  Schrad.  Diss.  Philad.,  ic. ;  and  our>^.  831. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Epidermis  of  the  branches  of 
a  reddish  brown  colour.  Leaves  ovate,  with  a 
long  acuminate  tip,  denticulate,  3-nerved,  hairy 
upon  the  veins,  and  with  groups  of  hairs  in  the 
axils  of  the  veins.  Flowers  about  3  together,  or 
solitary ;  scentless.  Lobes  of  the  calyx  long, 
acuminate.  St\les  concrete  into  one,  which  ex- 
tends  beyond  the  stamens.  Stigmas  4,  linear. 
(Dec.  Prod,)  A  vigorous-growing  shrub.  North 
America.  Height  10  ft.  to  J  ^^  ft.  Introduced  in 
1811.     Flowers  white;  June  and  July. 

We  have  given  this  description  and  figure  from 
Schrader  and  Guimpel,  because  in  1837  there  was  a 
plant  in  the  Hort.  ^oc.  Garden  which  answered  to 
it,  and  which  differs  from  P.  speciosus  in  the  leaves  being  nearljr  entire. 


890.    p.  U\iu 


S31.    I*.  (1.)  RrMMiiMrvi. 


A  11.  P,  HiRsu^us  NuU.     The  hBxry4eaved  Philadelphus,  or  Mock  Ch-ange. 

IdentifteatHm.    Nutt.  Gen.  Am..  1.  p.  301. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  8.  p.  2  6. ;  Don's  MiU.  %.  p.  808. 
Synonymes.    P.  villdsus  Lodd.  Cat. ;  P.  gr&cilis  Lodd.  Cat. 
Engravings.    Wats.  Dend.  BrlL,  t.  47. ;  and  our>^«.  832,  833. 

Spec.  Char,,  Sfc.  Leaves  oblon^-ovate,  acute,  dentate,  5-nerved,  hairy  on  both 
surfaces,  whitish  on  the  under  one.  Flowers  singly,  or  by  threes.  Styles 
concrete  to  the  tip.  Stigmas  undivided.  (Dec,  Prod,)  A  straggling  sar- 
mentose  shrub.    America,  in  Tennessee.    Height  3  ft.  to  5  ft.,  but  spreading 


XXX.    i'llILAUELPMA'CE.C:    REU'TZM. 

■everal  time*  that  distance  by  iia  loog  shoots,  whiuh  t; 
eomecimes  grow  (torn  6  ft  to  10  (t.  in  a  season.  Intro-  '^ 
duced  in  1620.  Flowers  white,  scentless;  middle  ofrfl 
M,.  I 

Very  hardy,  uninjured  by  the 
winter  of  18117-8,  and  striking 
readily   from   half-ripened  (   ' 


with  a  hand-glass.  Grafted 
standard  high,  it  would  form  a 
very  ornamental  oliject.  )». 

■  18.  P.  TOUENTo'sua  Wall.     The  woolly-^ai>n^  Philadelphus 

Orange. 


4.  from  Roflfi  ntdjlg.  8U.  from  ■  tpedmcn 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves 
ovate,  acuminated,  denti- 
culated, tomentoae  be- 
neath. Racemes  terminal.  , 
Pedicels  opposite.  Lobes  ^ 
of  calii  ovate,  acute. 
(Doa'i'Mi/l.)  A  rambling 
shrub.  Nepal  ond  Kamaon. 
Height  5  ft.  to  6  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1888.     Flow-  ^i^  ,  i™«am. 

F.  triSdnu,  Royle  observes,  it,  probably,  only  P.  tomentdsus  in  a  less 
■dvanced  state.  According  to  Mr.  Gordon,  P,  trifloruB  is  very  distinct  from 
P.  tomentMUS,  and  quite  hardy. 

P.  mejnfonui  Schlecht.  in  Linnua  13.  418.,  Plant.  Hart.  61.,  and  Bot.  Reg. 
QiTon.  1&40,  No.  TO.,  was  raised  from  seeds  in  the  Horticultural  Society's 
Gaiden  in  1810,  and  is  prob^ly  hardy. 


n 

DEITTZ/.^  Thunb.    Tbb  Dedtzia.    Lin.  ^I.  Decindria  Trigjaia. 

I  JiiH.Cni.,«l.iDcia'illIII.,S.p.8W 


n-.  IS.  I  Ju.  p.  10. ;  Jhh.  C 
LTt,  Lepbupennurn  In  put. 


Grn.  Char.  Calyx  tube  campanulale,  tomentose;  limb  5— 6-cle(t.  PelaU 
5—6,  oblong.  Stament  10.  FUanicnii  tricuspidate,  Slylei  3 — t,  longer 
than  the  coroUa.  Stigma  simple,  clulvshaped.  Capnlc  globular,  truncate, 
perforated,  somewhat  3-comered,  scabrous  ;  3-— 4-vaJved,  3 — (-celled. 
Sftdt  several  in  each  cell.  (Doii'i  Mill  ) 

Leacei  simple,  opposite,  eistipulate,  deciduous  ;  petiolate,  ovate,  acumi- 
nated, serrated,  wrinkled,  and  veined;  scabrous  from  stellaie  fuacicles  of 
down,  Floicm  white,  in  compound  panicles  j  peduncles  and  pedicels 
tomentose  and  scabrous.  —  Much-branched  shrubs,  with  the  branches 
purplish  and  villous ;  natives  of  Asia  ;  of  the  same  culture  as  i%iludelphui. 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETtTH   8RITANNICUM. 

A  I,  I).  acA^BRA.    The  scabroui  Deutzui. 

Syil..  p.  IM.  I  Tbunb.  Jip^  t  Kt.  I  Doa-i  UllL..  t 
sSirati^i.    ThunD.Ji]i..t.M.|  Bm.  R««^l.  11]»,  iuido(ir;V-*ML 

^c.  Char.,  <f-c.  Leave*  ovate,  acuminated,  serrated, 
scabrous  from  EteHate  Joim.  Flowers  in  compound 
panicles  -,  peduncles  and  pedicels  scaliroun.  Calycine 
lobeg  short  and  hluntisD.  (/ton'f  MUl.)  A  sar- 
mentose,  showy,  free-flowering  shrub.  Japan. 
Hdght  *(t.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  in  18SS.  Flowers 
white:  Maj  and  June-  Fruit  brown;  ripe  in  S^>- 
tember.  Decaying  leaves  yellowiah  brovn.  NaJced 
young  wood  purplish  brown. 

.  2.  D.  (,.)  c 

Ideniylailiat.    R.  B 


Roile  lllutt..  t.  M.  Sg.  1.  (  ud  oar/it.  SsT. 

■c.  Char.,  4^.     Glabrous.    Leaves  ovate,  acumini 

:uspidately  serrated.    Panicles  corymbose,  trichoto-        "*■  "*"*•■*•" 

nious.  Panicle  and  outside  of  caljx  doited.  Teeth  of 
calyx  short  and  rounded.  Teeth  of  filaments,  shorter 
than  the  anthers.  (ZXtu't  Jl^,)  A  sarmentcMe  shrub. 
Nepal,  on  mountiuna.  Ueiijht  3  ft.  to  4  fL  Introd.  in 
18^0.  Flowers  white,  sweet-scented,  produced  in 
abundance;  May  and  June.  Fruit?.  Decaying  leavea 
yellowish  brown,    NeJced  wood  brown. 


D.  ilamitKa  R.  Br.,  />bilad£lphus 
^  has  entire,  scabroux,  lanceolate  leaves,  and  white  sweet- 
scented  flowers.    A  native  of  Nepal,  on  high  mountaiiu ; 
but  not  yet  introduced. 

B.  Smnonia  IVali.,  Leptosp^rmum  scabrum  Wall^ 
has  ovate  leaves,  and  axillary  white  flowers.  It  is  a 
native  of  Kamaon,  but  has  not  yet  been  introduced.  All  these  are  pro- 
bably only  varietie*  of  one  fonu. 


k 


DECUMA'RIA  £..     Tai  Dbcumama.     tut.  Syii.  DodecAndria 
Monog^nia. 

Mniglailiam.    Lin.  Otn..  Na.  £97.  i  Lwi.  DL,  t.  «•.  i  Don'i  UUL,  t  p.  MH. 

SBiieiirmc.     Fonflliia  Will.,  Dol  of  Vlhl. 

OrmaUoit.    From  ilrtwma,  1  tnlh ;  In  rcftnou  lo  th*  (mnlUni  nsmber.  In  fooM  tt  llw  pmi 

wd  on-rei  or  tlio  caljiL,  the  ptuli,  iho  iiigau,  and  iht  ollt  of  tbr  upwia.  m  tick  unuUr  ng. 
GrR.Char.  Calj/z  tube  campanulate;  limb  7—1 0-toothed.  P«MJ»  oblong. 
equal  in  number  to  the  tcctb  of  the  calyx,  and  alternating  with  them.  Sta- 
iwju  thriiie  the  number  of  the  petals,  dispoatd  in  one  series,  Slylf  I. 
Captuie  ovoid,  connate  with  the  calyx.  Seedt  numerous,  oblong.  {BonU  MUl. ) 
Xmoff  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  deciduous  j  glabrous,  entire  or  toothed 
at  the  apei.  Flowcri  white.  swccC-tcented,  dispcraed  in  termioal  corymbs, 
sometimes  dioecious.  Leaf  budi  beset  with  short  rufous  pili.  —  Sarmentose 
shrubs,  natives  of  North  America. 


XXXI.  nitb&iiia'cea:  kitra'ria.  4ti7 

They  will  grow  in  en;  di^  Mil,  >nd  ire  readil;  propegated  bj  cuitit^  of  the 
baltripened  wood. 

^  1,  D.  ba'rbika  L.  The  barluroiu  Decunuuia. 
.  Un.  Sp^  No.  1SG8. 1  Punk  6<M,  I.  p.  3«.  i  Dm.  rnnl.,  3.  p.  KM. 
D.  n41uu  Knot  ifx*.  IT. ;  D.  F-inflbil  llklut.  FL  Boc.  Amw.  I.  p.  m. ;    D. 

.'DgHuL,«I.M.i  udoiuAf.sn.mdaN. 
^>rc.  Char.y  ite.  LesTes  OTste-ob- 
loDg,  acute  at  both  ends,  gla- 
broui,  entire  or  toothed  at  the 
tip.  Budi  tui^  with  short  ru- 
fout  bun.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A 
■aruientoEe  ahnib  aeldoni  leen  in 
a  vigorous  state  in  British  gar- 
dens. America,  and  Lower  Ca-  . 
n  shady  woods.  Height  4  ft.  to  5  ft.  t ' 
a  wall  10  ft.  to  12  ft.  Introduced  in 
1785.  Flowers  white,  in  corymboae  paniclei, 
iwcet-sceoted ;  July  and  August. 

-»  i).  6.  8  larmaadMa  Dec.  Prod.  iii.  p.  806. ;  „  ^  „„ 

D.  tiannentosa  Bmc  Act.  Soc.  Hat.  Nat, 

Far.i.  p.le.t.  13.,  Pta-th.  Sept.  1 .  p.  3!8. ;  ForBythu  Bc&ndens  WaU. 
Car.  154.  —  Lower  leaves  rounded;  upper  leave*  ovate-lanceo- 
late- (Dec.  Prod.)  A  native  of  moist  shaded  places  in  Vir^nia  and 
Carohna,  where,  in  company  with  2izyphus  volubilii,  it  ascends  the 
tallest  cypress  tree*  in  the  cedar  swamps.  Larger  in  all  its  parts  than 
the  species. 
The  flowcis  are  only  produced  in  favourable  situations  ;  and  the  plant 
seldom  rises  above  ^  or  5  feet,  in  the  open  air,  in  the  climate  of  London. 


Order  XXXI.    NITRARIA'CE.<E. 

Ojui.  Chas.  Calyr  5-toothed,  inferior,  lieahy.  PetaU  5,  bflezAd ;  estivation 
valvate.  Slameiu  15.  Aathen  innate.  Ooiiniun  superior,  3-  or  more 
celled.  Stignia  terminated  by  as  many  lines  as  there  are  cells  in  the  ova- 
riiua.  Fmii  drupaceous,  1-seeded,  opening  by  3  or  6  valves.  Albuiatn 
none.     IMffbrs  from  ^icoides  in  sstivalion  of  petals.  (G.  Dtm.) 

Leavet  simple,  alternate  or  opposite,  eistipulote,  deciduoiu  t  small, 
generally  in  fascicles.  Flower*  small,  greenish  white.  —  Low  ilmibs,  natives 
of  Ada. 

Oenus  I. 

CD 

NITRA'RIA  L.    Tbb  NtTniRt*.    Lin.  Syit.  Dodee&ndria  MoDog^nia. 

ttrttifcmUim.    LID.  Gen.,  No.  sot.  1   LUB.  DL,  t.  401.1    Gnm,   FniR..  I.I.  H.;    Dtc.Pial.,  !. 

p.&t.l  bon-iMill.,},  p.  ]S^ 
Drrlmiiim.    Bi>  umrd  by  Schobn,  fron  (oa  of  tba  ip(d«  lislDg  dlKoirartd  iD  cartilD  nllr*-worki 
<D  SUMrii,  Ileal  wltb  DtlHr  ullu  pUnu. 
Gen.  Char.     The  wtme  as  that  of  the  order. 

Leavei  simple,  alternate   or  oppo^te,   exstipulate,   deciduous;    oblong 
entire,  small-fascicled.   J^ibiwri  small,  wtute,  in  panicled  racemes^— Shrubs, 
with  white  bark;  natives  of  Siberia. 
SB  * 


468  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

Seldom  rising  more  than  3  ft.  in  height ;  and,  in  British  gardens,  thriving 
best  in  a  dry  soil,  composed  partly  of  lime  nitibish,  which  thould  be,  about 
once  a  year,  strewed  with  a  thin  coat  of  salt.     Propagated  by  cuttings. 

A  I.  N.  ScHo'BBRf  L.      Scliober's  NitranB. 

litnt^aHm.    Lhi.  S|u,6M.i  Dec.  ProdTS.p.MS.  i  Don'i  MIU.,».  p.  l«. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^e.     Leaves  oblong,  perfectly  entire.      Drupes 

ovate.    (Dec.  Prod.)     A  low  bushy  shrub,  varying   wiih 

branches  spiny,  and  branches  smooth.  Ru89ia.in  theneigh- 

bourhoodof  saltlakes.    Height  I  ft.  to 3  ft.  Introil.in  ITbU. 

Flowers  white  ;  May  to  August.  Fruit  blackish  blue  or  red, 

rather  larger  than  peas;  rarely  seen 

in  England. 

VarieHei. 

J,  N.  S.  I  nMtm.  H.  sibfrica 
Pall,  Ft.  Ron.  t  50.  f.  a., 
uid  our  fig.  S40.— Fruit  of  a 
blackish  blue  colour.  Siberin.  i 
Hort.  8oc.  Garden. 
J,  N.  S,  i  c6tpica.  H.  c&spica 
Pall.  Flora  Rou.  t.  50.  f 
B.,  and  our  ^.  841 .  — Fruit 
red.  Leaves  longer.  Young 
■  branches  pubescent.      Fruit  larger,  and  much 

more  acute.     Hort.  Soc.  Garden. 


Order  XXXII.    GROSSULA^CE.«L 

Ono.  Coax.  Calyx  4— S^^wrted.  PeUUt  5.  Slametu  4 — 5.  Anthers  introrse. 
Ovariam  1-celled,  with  two  opposite  parietal  placenia.  Style  2-  S-,  or  4- 
cleft,  Fmil  succulent,  crowned  by  the  persistent  calyx,  many-seeded. 
Seedt  arillate.  Albumen  horny.  Differs  ftom  Cactikceae  in  definite  stamens, 
albuminous  seed,  calyx,  corolla,  and  habit.  (G.  Don.) 

Leasei  simple,  alteruatc,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  lobed  or  cut,  plaited 
when  folded  in  the  bud.  Ftotnen  axillary,  or  terminal,  greenish,  whitish 
j^ellow  or  red.  —  Shrubs ;  nadvei  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America :  all 
included  in  the  genus  R9>et. 

GSNUS    I. 


□QH 


RrBES  L.     The  Ribrs.    Im.  Syit.  FentAndria  Monog/nia. 


Hivr.rr.;  .ii>iuiinlib«ini.Grr.jJ[nilitM.i>WC:ll  Uti  Spin*.  AoJ.  (  Grmdlm,^^. 

pbjnjduu,  vhlch  hu  bm  ilUcoTered  to  lia  Uu  Sbt'azB  SOtt ;  Gmuuliria  li  %<»  tba  I^tis 
fremlm,  ■  UUl*  imripF  fl(. 

Gen.  Char.    The  sacne  as  that  of  the  order. 


XX21I.   GROSSDLA  CEL£  :    STSES.  469 

Leavei  Eimple,  BlternaCe,  tCipulate,  deciduoui ;  lul>ed  or  cut,  plaited 
while  in  the  bud.  PIoukti  peeniah  white,  yellow,  or  real  i  very  rarely  uni- 
bcxubI.  There  is  one  bractea  at  the  base  of  each  pedicel,  which  U  cut  more 
or  less ;  and  two  much  anialler  ones,  called  bracteolea,  under  each  ovarium. 
—  Unarmed  or  spiny  shrubs ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America  ; 
two  of  which  (tne  common  currant  and  gooseberry)  are  well  knowD  in 
Brttixh  gardens,  for  their  valuable  fruits. 

Many  of  the  sorts  here  set  down  as  species  are,  we  have  no  doubt,  oniy 
varieties  ;  but,  as  we  are  not  able  to  refer  these  to  their  aboriginal  fomig,  we 
hsve  followed  the  usual  authorities,  and  more  especially  the  nomenclature 
adopted  in  th;  llorticulturul  Society's  Garden.  All  the  species  of  Ribei 
strike  root  readily  from  cuttings  ;  and  grow  freely  in  any  soil  that  is  tolerably 
dry;  but,  as  they  are  only  ligneous  in  a  subordinate  degree,  and  are  but  of  a 
temporary  duration  under  any  circ  urn  stances,  they  require  to  be  grown  in  dug 
beds  or  borders,  and  ere,  therefore,  more  fitted  for  scientific  collections  or 
Oower-borders,  than  for  general  shrubberies,  undug  arboretums,  or  lawns. 
The  most  showy  species  are  Ribei  sanguineum  and  aureum,  and  their  varieties. 
R.  B^iosum  has  a  singuhir  fuchsia-like  appearance  when  in  blossom ;  and  R. 
multiflorum,  though  the  Sowers  are  greenish,  is  remarkably  elegant,  on  ac- 
count of  the  l<Hig  many.flowered  racemes  in  which  they  are  disposed. 

j  i.  Grotsul&rue  Ach.  Rich.     Gooseberries. 

Sect.  Char.,  ^e.  Sten 


„uT^sr* 


less  bell-shaped.  (Dec. 
with  the  leaves  and  fruit 

gooseberry. 

A.  Flowen  greetdih  while. 

M  1.  R.  oxviciNTaoiEtEs  L.  ■  The  Hawthorn -imivif  Gooseberry. 

Um^Uai.    Funta  Sciit,  i.  v.  le". ;  BsrUndlcr  la  Mtm.  Soc  Vivrt.  Gan.,  1.  pin  1.,  not  a. 
EyrawiB^    Htm.  Soc.  Fbji.  Gtn.,  >.  ftn  J.t  I.  f.l.l  IKll.EUh.,  t.l».  p.l«B.}  ud  our 

Spec.   Char.,  4c.     Infra-axillary  prickles  ' 

larger,   and    mostly   solitary ;     snialler  < 

prickles     scattered    here    and     there- 
Leaves  glabrous,  their   lobes   dentate,  ^ 

their  petioles  villous,  and  a  little  hispid. 

Peduncles  short,  bearing  1 — 2  Howers. 

Berry  ^obose,  glabrous,  purplish  blue. 

{Dee.  Prod.)  A  prickly  shrub.  Canada, 

on  rocks.     Height  S  ft.  to  3  ft.    la- 

troduced  in  1705.     Flowers  greeniidi ; 

April.    Fruit  small,  red  and  green,  or 

purplish   blue;    ripe  in   August;   and 

^reeable  to  eat. 

Hiis  shrub  varies  much  in  the  number 
and  colour  of  its  prickles,  and  its  more 
or   less   dense   ramification    end   pubes- 
cence.    The  fruit  resembles  that  of  the  »"■  ».  .i-^uiBa-. 
common  gooseberry.     It  is  not  common  in  British   gardens,  the  R.  oiys- 
csntholdes  a(  Michaux  (ft.  lac^tre  Pair.)  bdng  different  trom  it.     Perhaps 
it  is  only  one  of  the  wild  states  of  the  common  gooseberry ;  which  varies  so 
vcrv  much  when  in  a  state  of  culture,  that  it  is  reasonable  to  suppose  that  it 
will  vary  much  also  in  a  wild  state. 


*'"  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM 

■  8.  R.  sETo'suM  lAmU.    The  brisilj'  Oootebeny. 

MflUtfCnMm.  LIdiU.  BU.  Rh.  ;  Hook.  Fl.  Amei.,  I,  p.  KCI. ; 
Ddb>MIU..».  p.  in. 

Spec.  Char.,4:c.  Branches  beset  with  dense  bristles. 
Pnckles  unequal,  subulate.  Leaves  roundish, 
cordate  at  the  base,  pubescent,  3 — 5-lobeil, 
deeply  crenaled.  Pedunclea  g-flowered,  some- 
times bmcteate.  Calyx  tubularly  campanulale, 
with  the  Begments  linear,  obtuse,  and  Apreading, 
tnice  the  length  of  the  petals,  which  are  entire. 
Berries  hispid.  (Don'i  Mi/1.)  A  prickly  shrub. 
North  America,  on  the  bonks  of  ihe  Saakat- 
cbawan.  Height  4  ft.  to  Sft.  Introduced  in 
1810.  Flowers  greenish  ;  April  and  May. 
Fruit  Bi  in  the  preceding  species. 

M  3.  fl.  TRIPLO'RL'M   W.     The  3-flowered  Oooseberry. 

^Iu»<m.  ™A.  lurnineuiii  Ham.  Enim.  Horl.  HiOh. 
p.  3t.  i  «  t  myui  ««■(. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^.  Infra-aiillary  prickles  soli- 
tary. Leaves  glabrous.  3 — 5-lobed.  incisely 
dentate.  Peduncles  bearing  1 — 3  flowers. 
Pedicels  long-  Bracteas  membranaceous, 
sheathing.  Calyx  tubularly  bell-shaped.  Pe- 
tals apathulatelyobcordate.  Berries  reddish,  , 
flabrous.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  prickly  shrub, 
lorth  America.  Height  3  ft.  to  *  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  ISIS.    Flowers  whitish  ;  April  and 


May.     Fruit  reddish,  gliJirous;  ripe  in  July 
and  A 


\h 


•  4.  H.  (t.)  ni'»80m  UitdL     The  anowy^iiier«i  CurranUiie  GooseberfT- 

MAUfOaiMin.    Lindl.  IdBoI.  lUf.l.ieSZ 
Eiitriaimti.    Boa.  Ktg.,  I.  I«n.  i  uhI  <mj^.  UK 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Branches 

prickly,  the   prickles  soli- 
tary,  or  in   pairs,    or   in 

threes.     Leaves   g^rotis, 

roundish,    entire    at    the  , 

base,    having  in   the  out-  \ 

ward   port   3   blunt  lobes 

that    are     crenalely    cut. 

Flowers  about  2  together, 

on  peduncles.     Sepsis  T6- 

flexcd.    Stamens  very  pro- 
minent,  conniring,    hairy, 

longer    than     the     style. 

(Lindl.)    A  p^ricbly  sli^b. 

North    America,   on    the 

north-west  coast.    Height 

4  ft.  to  5  ft.    Introd.  1886. 

Flowers  white,  pendulous  ; 

ripe  In  July  RDd  Ansu&t, 


xxxii.  orosbulaVea:  rises.  471 

The  buifa  bears  lonie  nmilaritf  to  R.  trifl6ram.  The  fruit  rcflemlilea  a 
■null  smooth  goosdjerry  ;  "  but  its  flavour  is  very  different :  it  ia  entirely  des- 
titute of  the  flatness  which  is  more  or  less  perceptible  in  even  the  hesi  gooso- 
bcrries;  in  lieu  of  which  it  has  a  rich  subacid,  vinous,  rather  perfumed,  flavour. 
which  is  exiremelv  agreeable.  The'fruit  is  rather  too  and  to  be  eaten  raw  ;  i)ut, 
when  ripe,  it  makes  delicious  tarts,  and  would,  probably,  nflbrd  an  excellent 
means  of  Improving  the  common  gooseberry  by  cross  brMdIni.'."  (Lind/.)  S, 
niveuui.  apart  from  these  considerBtions  (which,  however,  wilt  probably  lead 
to  it*  culiure  in  the  hitchen^arden ),  is,  from  its  white  pendulous  flowers,  a 
nluable  addition  to  our  ornamental  hardy  shrubs. 

M  5.  A.  (t.)  Ctho'sbati  L.     The  Dog-Bramble  Gooseberry. 

HflUMuUHi,    Lin.  Sp^  Wt;  D«.  PnkL,  I.  p. 479.  i  Dnn'i  H<U..l.  p.  I7S. 

inmtmi.    S.fuittijmnt. 

Smurariiif-    Xfai.  Sue.  etji.  Gm.,  3.  pan  1. 1.  1.  r.  a.  I  uhI  our ji(.  S4S. 

Spec.     Char.,     4^.        Infra-axillary 
prickles  1—8.    Leaves  3 — i-lobed, 
softly  ptibocent.    Peduncles  bear- 
ing £-—3  flowers.    Calyx  canipanu- 
laUly   cylindrical.      Petals    small, 
much  shorter  than  the  stigmas  and 
stamens.     Style  simple,  toward  the 
midctlc  hairy,  rarely  glabroui.  Berry 
irickly.    (Dec.  Prod.)     A  prickly 
hrub.  Ciinada, on  mountains;  and  K 
alsoJ^iaii.  Bright  3  ft.  to  4  ft  In-  < 
troduced  in  IT59.  Flnwers  whitish;   ' 
April.    Fruit  reddish. 
Farietia.    There   are   two  forms  of 
this  Bpedes  :  —  ms.  ■  n.)  rniWaii 

M  R.  ((.)  C.  IfiiclMglhbTo.  with 

whitish  flowers  and  smooth  fruit.  Native  of  Hudson's  Bay. 
:  (1.)  C.  S^tou  acN/ra'to,  with  pric"  '  >  -  j  ^  =-  ■ 
pubescent  and  purplish.     Native  ol 


.■  6.  A,  (t.)  divarica^um  Dougl.     The  Bpread'ing-bnmcAed  Gooseberry. 
Uaa^kmtiem.    Doul.  hi  Boi.  Rw,  L  IU9.  i  Don-i  Mill.,  a.  p.  m. :  Lodd.  Cu.,  sL  irae. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Branches  divaricate,  bristly, 

at  leiwth  naked.     Spinet  I — 3  ttwelher,  axil- 
lary, deflexed.  Urge.   Leaves  roundiah,  3-1abed, 

deeply  toothed,  nerved,  sUbrous.     Peduncles 

3-flowered,  drooping.     Calyx  funnel-shaped; 

with  the  segments  at  length  spreading,  and  < 

twice  the  length  of  the  tutw.     Style  end  sta- 
mens eisertcd.  (Don't  M2L)    Alargeprickly 

■brub,  with  ascending  branches.    North  Ame-     ^ 

rica,   on   the   north-east   coast,   commoa  on     ^ 

the  banks  of  streams   near  Indian   villages. 

Height  Sft.  to  7ft.       Introduced    in    IE"' 

Flowers  white ;  April.     Fruit  black,  smoi 

spherical,  agreeable  to  eat;  ripe  in  July. 

Nearly  allied  to  S.  triflorum,  of  which,  like  "'•  *-i'-i*"«"™- 

A.  CjnoAMi  and  some  of  the  following  sorts,  it  is,  probably,  only  a  variety. 


472 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


jB  7.  i?.  (t.)  irri'guum  Dougl,    The  well-watered  Gooseberry. 

Idenlifleation.    Dougl.  in  Hort.  Trans.,  7.  p.  516.  •,  Don's  Mill.,  8.  p.  178. 

Engraving.    Onrflg-  M8.  from  a  plant  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Prickles  axillary,  ter- 
nary. Leaves  cordate,  somewhat  5- 
lobed,  toothed,  ciliated,  pilose  on 
both  surfaces,  nerved.  Peduncles  3- 
flowered,  beset  with  glandular  hairs. 
Calyx  campanulate.  Segments  linear, 
about  equal  in  length  to  the  tube. 
Berries  glabrous,  spherical,  half  an  inch 
in  diameter,  smooth,  juicy,  and  well- 
flavoured.  (Don's  Mill,)  A  prickly 
shrub.  America,  on  the  north-west 
coast,  on  moist  mountains  and  rocks, 
near  springs  and  streams.  Height  3  ft. 
to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1820.  Flowers 
white  ;  April.    Fruit  reddish,  glabrous  ;  ripe  in  August. 

ji  8.  R.  hirte'llum  Michx,     The  slightly  hairy-branohed 

Gooseberry. 

Identt/Ication.    Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Ainer.,  1.  p.  111.;  Dec.  Prod.  3.  p.  479.;  Don'f 

Mill,  3.  p.  178. 
EngraviTig.    Owflg,  849  .  ft'om  a  specimen  in  the  Lambertian  herbarium. 

Spec.  Char,,  S^c,  Spines  infra-axillary.  Branches  sparingly 
hispid,  with  short  hairs.  Leaves  small,  cleft  half-wav  down 
into  3  dentate  lobes.  Peduncles  1  -flowered.  Berries  glabrous. 
{Dec.  Prod,)  A  prickly  shrub.  Canada  and  Virginia,  on 
rocky  mountains.  Height  3fl.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1812. 
Flowers  greenish  white  ;    April  and   May.     Fruit  red ;  ripe 


848.    Jt.(t.)'UTigu«m. 


in  August. 


849.  O.lilrtfllaK' 


860.    R.  gricile. 


M  9,  R,  GRA^ciLE  Mickx.    The  sXendeT-branched  Gooseberry. 

Jdentifieation.    Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Araer.,  1.  p.  111. ;  Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept. ;  Dec  Prod.,  3.  p.  479. 
Engraving.    Onrflg.  850.  from  a  specimen  in  the  LamberUan  herbariiun. 

Spec.  Char.,  <j-c.  Infra-axillary  spine  very  short*  Petioles 
of  leaves  slender.  Disks  cut  into  acute  lobes.  Peduncles 
slender,  upright,  bearing  about  2  flowers.  Calyx  glabrous, 
tubularly  bell-shaped.  Berries  glabrous,  purple  or  blue ; 
of  exquisite  flavour.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  prickly  shrub. 
North  America,  on  the  mountains  of  Tennessee,  and  in 
mountainous  meadows  from  New  York  to  Virginia. 
Height  3  ft.  to  4  it.  Introduced  in  1812.  Flowers 
whitish ;  April  and  May.  Fruit  purple  or  blue,  high- 
flavoured  ;  ripe  in  July  and  August. 

^  10.  B,  ACicuLA^RE  Smith.    The  acicular 
tpined  Gooseberry. 

Ident^eation.    Smith  in  Rees's  Cycl. ;  Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  178. 
Siynonffme.    R.  U'va-cri^pa  Sieven  in  Pali,  Nord.  Beytr.7, 

p.  274..  ?  PaU.  Fl.  Rou.  2.  p.  87. 
Eugravingt.    Led.  Fl.  Ross.  Alt  III.,  t.  230. ;  and  our  Jig.  851. 

Spec,  Char.,  Sfc.  Very  prickly.  Prickles  sti- 
pular,  3— -5-parted.  Leaves  rather  pubescent, 
nearly  orbicular,  3— 5-Iobed.  Lobes  bluntish, 
deeply  serrated.  Peduncles  usually  l-flowered, 
bracteolate  in  the  middle.  Calyx  campanulate, 
smoothish.  Berries  bractless,  and,  as  well  as  the  sai.  jl 


XXXII.    QBUSSULA^CKiE  :    RISES.  473 

stylea,  quite  glabrous.  Stem  erect  or  procumbent.  Petela  while.  Berries 
glabrous.  (Don't  Miil.)  A  prickly  abrub.  Siberia,  on  stony,  rocky,  uioun- 
tainoua  places.  Height  1  ft.  to  2  It.  Introduced  ?  1815,  Flowers  whitish  ; 
April  end  May.  Fruit  jiellowiBh  or  purplish ;  grateful  to  the  taste ;  ripe 
in  July  and  August.     Horticultural  Society's  Garden, 

^  11.  A.  Ghossula'sia  L.     The  coniinon  Qooieberry. 

UmMlcalKn.    Ltn.  Sp.,  p.  191. ;  Smllli'i  Enil.  Bat.,  t.  IXia. ;  Don'i  MILL.,  I.  n  IT9. 

Srmmrmti.  fl.  ITn-crfipatBt.  rr.il«.MS.;  CrouultrU  hlnitu  JAN.  Dic(.  No.  1  ;  A.  ITif- 
crUni  nr.  i.  hU>*  Dn.  Fl,  fr.  *.  p.  IDS. :  FMbtrrr,  Ckahrr  md  Mr  KonM  ef  Eiglmtili 
Fntn.  no-/Blti  Gmm  Ai  Snulntd,  GiwLLLcr  a  tloqumu. /V.  i  GrUdLa  A>  PMmnf. 
rttin#1rw  Siuhelli«#rr,  Gfr, ;  Urt  Splnm.  //of. 

i|H  ilriiMft  the  mugh  grkpc.    Fnbemr  Li  a  corrapUwi  of  1tir«r-1>#rfr,  fr 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Prickles  2  or  .1  under  each  bud. 
Branches  otherwise  smooth,  and  epre>idiii|;  or 
erect.  Pedicels  1 — 2-flowered.  Leaves  3 — 6- 
lobed,  rather  villous.  Bracteas  close  together. 
Catyx  campanulate,  with  reflexed  segments, 
which  are  shorter  than  the  tube.  Petals  rounded 
at  the  apex,  glabrous,  but  bearded  in  die  throat. 
Style  always  beset  with  long  down.  (Don't 
Mill.)  A  prickly  spreading  shrub.  Europe  and 
Nepal,  in  woods  and  hedges.  Heuhl  3(t.  to 
+  ft.  Flowers  greenish ;  April.  Fruit  com- 
monly red,  sometimes  yellow  or  green ;  ripe 
in  August. 
rarietiet. 

M  'R-   G.    i    ITva-erttpa    Smith  ^ 
Engl  Fl.  ii.  p.  333.  J  Ji.  UWa 
crtspa   Ltn.  %.  292.,    Smith   f 
EngL  Bat.  t.  8057.  (our  &. 
858.)i  U\a-crlspa  Fuch.  Hiit.  '■ 
<A  a.a«dkru.  t.  187. !    UVa   spina    Math. 

Valgr.  1.  t.  151.  f.  1.  i  S.  U'va-crfspa  vor.   1  sylre     ' 
Berlandier  ;  has  the  baries  smooth. 
.-  It.  G.  3  ifnaoOama  Berl.  HSS.  has  the  branches  thickly   ' 

beset  with  spine*. 
..  R.  G.  4  recHadla  Berl.  MSS.,  S.   reclinitum    Ltn.  &,. 
891.,  Grossul&ria  reclin&ta  MiU.  Diet.  No.  I.,  has  the 
branches  rather  priclclv,  and  reclinate. 
.-  H.  G.  5   BetteriiiM   Berl.  MSS.,    B.  h^bridum   Setter 
Prim,  Fl.  Gail.  Auttr.  p.  186.,  has  the  branchen  prickly, 
and    the   fruit    pubescent,    intermixed   with    glandular    ■.  ul'un. 
hristlea.     Native  of  Cracow,  in  hedges.  "^^^ 

.ji  K.  G.  6  JtifimermiiBerl.  MSS.  —  Plwit  nearly  glabrous.  Bark  smooth, 
brown.    Prickles  axillary.    Flowers  and  leaves  small.    Native  about 
Geneva.     Perhaps  a  aubvariety  of  fl.  G.  reclinila. 
■■  R.  G.  7 macTocarpa    Dec.  Prod.  iii.  p.476.  —  Stigmas  often  longer 

than  the  petals.     Flowers  and  berries  large. 
.-  R.  (?.    8  bratlmla  Berl.    MSS.  —  Berries    clothed    with    2—4—5 
straight,  coloured,  nearlv  opposite,  bracteas  and  bristlei,  resembhng 
sepals,  which  fall  off  before  the  berry  arrives  at  oialuritv.  (Don't 
MiU.) 
.■  R.  G.   8  hiuaiaydnttt,  S.  hinalay&nus    Style,  was  raised    in    th» 


474 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


Horticultural  Society's  Garden  in  1838,  and  seems  hardly  different 
from  the  species.  (Gctrd,  Mag,,  1839,  p.  4.) 

Other  Varieties,  Till  lately,  botanists  made  even  the  rough  and  the  smooth- 
fruited  kinds  of  the  cultivated  gooseberry  two  distinct  species,  as  may  be 
seen  by  the  synonymes  to  R,  ITva-crfspa  above;  though  it  was  re- 
corded by  Withering,  that  seeds  from  the  same  fruit  would  produce  both 
rough  and  smooth-fruited  plants.  If  varieties  were  to  be  sought  for  among 
the  sorts  in  cultivation,  they  would  be  found  almost  without  number. 
The  following  selection  of  garden  varieties  has  been  made  solely  with  refer- 
ence to  the  habit  of  growth  of  the  plants  :  — 

The  Red  Champagne,  or  Ironmonger,  has  the  branches  erect  and  fasti* 

giute,  and  will  form  a  handsome  bush,  6  or  7  feet  high. 
Horseman^s  Green  Gage  is  a  most  vigorous^rowing  plant,  with  a  spread- 
ing head,  and  will  form  a  bush  10ft.  high. 
7*he  Red  Rote  is  a  yieorous-growing  bush,  with  a  pendulous  head,  but 
seldom  rising  higher  than  3  ft.,  unless  trained  to  a  stake  to  some 
height  before  it  is  allowed  to  branch  out. 

B.  Flowers  red, 
ji  12.  R,  sPECio^suM  Pursh,    The  showy-Jhwered  QoosAerry, 

IdemtiflcatioH.    Purth  FI.  Amer.  Sept.,  2.  p.  7S1 . ;  Dec.  Prod,  3.  p.  47S. ;  Don'i  Mill.,  3.  p.  185. 
Sifmn^me*.   R.  fUmtneum  Smith  in  Reeit  CycL^  Dec.  Prod.  8.  p.  477. ;  7R,  Aicht/oMet.Fl.  Hes ., 

k.  Ined. ;  A.  triacinthutn  Menziet. 
Bngravingt.    Sw.  FLGard.,  9d  ser..  1. 149.  \  and  our  Jig.  854 

Spec.  Char.,  4^c,  Shrub  prickly.  Prickles 

'  infra-axillary,  triple.  Branches  hispid. 
Leaves  with  petiole  short,  and  disk 
wedge-shaped  at  the  ba.se,  rounded 
at  the  outer  end,  indistinctly  3-lobed, 
incisely  crenate,  glabrous,  and  nerved. 
Peduncles  longer  than  the  leaves,  and 
bearing  1 — 3  flowers.  Pedicels  and 
germens  hairy  with  glanded  hairs. 
Bracteas  rounded  or  very  obtuse. 
Flowers  of  a  deep  red.  Calvx  cylin- 
drical -imparted  ;  Ihe  lobes  oblong,  ob- 
tuse. Petals  of  the  length  of  the  lobes 
of  the  calyx.  Stamens  4  ;  in  length 
double  that  of  the  calyx*  Filaments 
red.  Style  as  long  as  the  stamens, 
simple,   red.    (Dec,  Prod,)     A  very  »**•  «.^»«!i «»•«>• 

prickly-branched  shrub,  with  a  brownish  red  aHpect.  Ainerii*a,  on  the 
western  coast,  and  in  California.  Height,  in  a  wild  state,  3t't.  to  4  ft.  :  m 
cultivation  twice  that  heieht  in  rich  deep  soil.  Introduced  in  1829.  Flow- 
ers deep  red ;  May  and  June.    Fruit  red ;  ripe  ?. 

The  shining  leaves  and  lai^e  crimson  glittering  blossoms  (resembling  those 
n(  the  fuchsia)  of  this  species  render  it  a  most  desirable  acquisition  to  the 
tiower-garden  and  shrubbery.  The  leaves,  in  favourable  situations,  are  fre- 
quently retained  during  great  part  of  the  winter ;  so  that  it  may  almost  be 
considered  as  an  evergreen.  It  will  grow  by  cuttings  of  the  old  or  young  wood, 
but  not  so  readily  as  most  other  species ;  and,  therefore,  it  is  generally  pro- 
pagated by  pegging  down  the  shoots  quite  flat,  and  covering  them  with  an  inch 
of  soil,  as  recommended  for  the  propagation  of  the  common  plum  for  Atocks. 
Plants  of  this  species  do  not  grow  so  rapidly  as  most  others  ot  the  gooseberry 
sections ;  and  their  branches  arch  over  and  droop  in  such  a  manner,  as  not  to 
display  the  flowers  to  advantage,  unless  the  branches  are  raised  at  least  to  the 
level,  of  the  eye.  For  this  reason,  the  plant  ousht  either  to  be  grown  on 
elevated  rock  work,  or  trained  to  an  espalier  or  waU. 


XXXII.   GROS8ULA  CiJE  :   RI  BES.  475 

a,  13.  S.  Menzib's/i  Ph.    Heiuio'i  QooaAerrj. 

UnHfliaUom.    I>aTih  gspL.l.  App.  p.TM.I  Don'iMUUt.pklW. 

fMnpniK.    A.  Rtok  A«ff4  In  Rert't  Cttd. 

£wi[raHmi-    Oittjlf-  BAik  ttva  ji  ip«dm«D  to  (bi  LuDbcrtlu  bertMriind, 

Spec.  Char.,  Src.  Very  prickly.  Spines  3.partite.  Learei 
cordate,  triincate  at  the  base,  i-lobed,  serrated,  wrinkled 
from  veins,  clothed  wilh  pubescence  beneath.  Peduncles 
usually  I'flovicred.  Calyx cylindricaily  cam[ianu late, deeply 
^-parted,  glandular.  Stamens  S,  enclosed.  Style  a  little 
exserted.  Oermens  and  peduncles  prickly.  {Doa'i  Mill.) 
A  very  prickly  shrub.  l4orth  Calilomia  and  at  Port  Tri- 
nidad. Hdghi  4  ft.  to  5  ft.  Introduced  in  1830.  Flowers 
bright  red  or  crimson,  glandular,  aa  showy  as  in  the  pre- 
cetUng  species  ;  May  and  June.    Fruit  red ;  ripe  ?. 

H.  aacnmkiUum  H.  B.  et  Kunlh  is  a  native  of  the  nioun-    ,j,,  jLVamiMi. 
tains  of  Mexico,  at  an  elevation  of  4E00  ft.,  with  the  leaves 
small  and  nearly  reniforni,  and  the  peduncles  very  short  and  Showered.     It 
grows  to  the  height  of  from  4  ft.  to  6  ft. 

J  ii.    Botrye&rpum  Dec. 

Sect.  Char.  Fruit  disposed  in  racemes ;  the  plants  having  the  prickles  of  the 
preceding  bection  (OrossulAria],  and  the  racemose  flowers  of  the  following 
section  {Ribiaa).  {Don't  Mil/,,  iii.  p.  IBS.)  Plants  intermediate  between 
gooseberries  and  currants. 

'lb  Pok.    The  Eastern  Curratil-tiie  Qooseberry. 

.    _..,..  JoniL,  Ip.  IW  i  Deaf.  Arb..  1.  p.  M. ;  Din'i  HUl..  K  p.  lu. 

OurJtf.  S5G.  from  ■  UrJtis  ipRdmN  In  thv  BlnaLDtfUJU  BoUjiIc  Garda]. 

Spec.    Char.,  S[c.      Plant  rather  prickly.     Leaves  3 — 5-    - 
lobed,  somewhat  reniformly  orbicular,  cut,  hairy  ;   lobes  ^ 
rather  deep,  obtuse.     Petioles  hairy.     Kacemes  erect-  ^ 
iah,  few-flowered.      Bracieas  longer  than  the  flowers. 
Style  bifid  at  the  apex.   Flowers  greenish  yellow.   Fruit   ' 
Ike  those  of  the  currant.  (Don'i  MUi.)     A  vigorous- 
growing  shrub.      Syria.     Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.      Intro-   ^ 
ducedin  I8E4.  Flowers  greenish  yellow:  April  and  May. 
Fruit  red;  ripe  in  September. 
The  plant  in  the  Birmin^iam  Botanic  Garden  does     "^  «■  ih-iiii 

not  agree  altogether  with  the  description,  and  aiay  possibly  be  some  other 

«  15.  R.  saxa'tilb  Pall.     The  rock  Carrmi-Bke  Oooseberry. 

IdcnUfeatioit.    Pill-  No..  Art,  Petr^j  10.  it  TM.  i  Doo-|  Mfll,  t.  p.  IB\ 

l!!^^f»l^.    lJ«l.''n.''EH.AlLIU.,L339.r>nd«irJ4'.&T. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Prickles  scattered.  Leaves  roundish-cui 
form.blLintly  3-lobed.  RacemeserecL  Bracteaslinear.shor... 
than  the  pedicels.  Calyx  flat,  scabrous.  Sepals  small,  of  a  livid 
^reen  colour.  Flowers  small,  greenish  purple.  Peteils  spathu- 
late.  Berries  smooth,  globose,  bractless,  dark  putple  when 
mature,  full  of  edible  pulp,  rarely  so  large  as  common  currants,  ^ 
but  like  them.  (Don'i  Mill,)  A  bushy  shrub.  Siberia.  Height 
4  ft.  to  5tl.  Introduced  in  16IS.  Flowers  small,  greenish 
purple  ;  April  and  May.     Fruit  dark  purple;  ripe  in  August.     "'■  ■■'•^■"* 

•  16.  R.  Diaci'mtha  L.fil.     The  twin-prickled  CarTantMe  Gooseberry. 

cl..  p.  10T. ;  Ttut.  Prod.,  i.  p.  4T9.  . 

tB.,i.VJ.;tBAoatflt.Wa. 


476  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BBITANMICUM. 

Spec.   Char.,  ^e,       Blipular    prickles    twin. 

Leavea  with  a  disk  shorter  than  the  petiole, 

and  wedge-shaped,  perfectly  ^abrous,  and 

urted  iDto  3  lobes    which  are    dentate. 

Flowers  upon  long  pedicels,  in  long  upright 

rocemes.  Bracteastneleneth  of  the  flowers. 

Sepals  rounded,  yellowish.      Petals  small, 

roundish.      Berry   ovate   or  globose,   red. 

{Dec.  Prod.)    A  spiny  shrub.    Dahuriaand 

Siberia,  in  rocky  places.  Height  4  ft.  lo  5  ft. 

Introduced   in     ITSl.     Flowers   yellowish 

green;    May  and  June-     Fruit  ovate,  red; 

ripe  in  August. 

A  Tery  dintincC  sort,  easily  known  by  its 
cuneated  leaves  and  yellowish  flowers.  In 
Messrs.  Loddlges's  colCection  there  is  a  fasti- 
giace-growing  variety. 

•  17    R.  Licu'sTHK  Pmr,     The  \tkeiide 

Currant-Hie  Gooseberry.  »»■  "■  ■»-*■»•■ 

I^nuiflaMo*.    Polr.  EncyclSnppl.,  i.p.RM.(I>^Pnid.,».p,4TS.iDoo->Mlll.S.p,ITS 
Sj/BOnxrai.    1R.«zxiilSiniliS\ittMiclu.  FTur.  BOT.dmtT.l.f.hi.    . 
£»gratiiig.     OurJ^.  SM)-  lh>in  m  pUnt  Id  tb«  Hotlcultan]  Soc\etf*t  Guden. 

^atc.  Char.,  SfC.  Infra-axillary  prickles  ma- 
nifold; the  stem  hispid  with  minute 
prickles.  Leaves  lobedheyond  themiddle; 
glabrous  beneath,  rather  piloxe  above. 
Petioles  villous.  Peduncles  ?  upright, 
?  reflexed,  bearing  2 — 3  flowers  upon 
hispid  pedicels.  Flowers  small,  yellowish 
green.  Germen  hispid.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A 
very  prickly  shrub.  Canada  and  Virginia, 
in  moist  places.  Height  4  ft.  to  5  ft.  In- 
ti'oducedin  1812,  Flowers  small, yellow- 
ish ;  April  and  May.  Fruit  purplish  black, 
about  the  size  of  the  common  black  cur- 
rent; ripe  in  August. 
Varktu.  \ 

a    R.   t    £  echmitum;    R.  echinatum 

Dougl.  MSS.,   and  Arb.  Brit.  1st  'tT' 

edit.  p.  992. ;  A.arm&tum  Hort.  ;  s«.  ■.i«t«n. 

has  the  stems  prostrate,  while  thote  of  tbe  species  are  upright  and 
rather  slender. 
The  flowers  are  those  of  the  currant,  and  the  prickly  stems  those  of  tbe 
gooseberry.  The  fruit  is  about  the  size  oflilack  currants,  in  pendulous  racemes, 
jjurplish  l>lack.  shining,  clothed  with  hidrs,  and  unpleasant  to  the  taste.  The 
plant  forms  rather  a  spreading  trailing  bush,  and  is  therefore  more  adapted 
(or  spreading  over  rorkwork  or  stones,  than  for  standing  erect  by  itselt  Horti- 
cultural Society's  Garden, 

$  iii.  Ribesia  Dec.     Currants. 

Stum^/ma.  W*M  m.  Lm.  ni  Mluri ;  C>lot*tiT».  CorBjmni.  mil  RiUi  Spuh ;  Gn^elltn  m 
OnppM, ot  Gmciniei comniiui,  Pr.i  JohinulibiKni,  Orr.;  Btnnibaam,  Dmict ;  Bibei,  Aol. 

Sect.  Char.  Shrubs  unarmed.  Racemes,  for  the  most  part,  many-flowered. 
Leaves  plicate.  C'al}-x  campanulace  or  cylindrical.  (Zton't  Milt.,  iii. p.  185.) 
Shrubs,  the  branches  of  which  are  without  prickles,  and  the  leaves  and 
fruit  of  which  resemble  those  of  the  cumtnt  more  than  tbone  of  the  goose- 


XXXII.   6ROSSULA  C£iB  :   EI  BES. 


477 


A.  Ffowert  greenish ^  or  greemth  yellow^  or  reodish  ;  and  Fruit,  m  a  wild 

Stale,  red. 


MO.    JL  rhbrua. 


•  18.  jR,  RU^RUH  L,     The  common  red  Currant. 

ideiUifleatkm.    Lin.  Sp.,  190. :  Dec.  Prod.,  8.  p.  481. ;  Don't  Mill.,  3.  p.  197. 

Sfiumgfmes.    A.  vul^re  N.  uu  Ham,  \  Groa^ller  commun,  Pr.  \  gemeine  J<^aiintobeere,  Get. ; 

Aalbeiien  Boom,  Dutek ;  Ribet  rouo,  lud. 
kmgrmmng*.    Smith  Engl.  Bot.,  t.  WB. ;  Knuist,  t.  48. ;  and  our  fig.  860. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  cordate,  bluntly  3 — 5-lobed, 
pubescent  beneath,  when  young,  usually  rather  to- 
inentose,  glabrous  above.  Kaccmes  drooping.  Brac- 
teas  ovate,  shorter  than  the  pedicels.  Calyx  flatly 
campanulate,  spreading.  Sepals  obtuse.  Petals  ob- 
cordate.  Fruit  quite  glabrous.  Flowers  yellowish. 
(Don*s  Mill,)  An  upright  shrub.  Europe  and  Siberia, 
in  woods ;  and  throughout  Canada  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Mackenzie  ;  in  the  North  of  England  and  in  Scot- 
land, in  mountainous  woods,  and  about  the  banks 
of  rivers.  Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.  Flowers  greenish  yel- 
low ;  April  and  May.     Fruit  red  ;  ripe  in  July. 

Varietiet.    De  CandoUe  gives  the  following  forms  of  this 
species :  — 
A  R.  r.  1  sylvettre  Dec.  Fl.  Fr.  iv.  p.  406.  —  Leaves  and  berries  small. 

Lobes  of  leaves  short. 
A  R.  r.  2  hortense  Dec.  1.  c.   R,  riibrum  Loit.  Nouv,  Diet,  iii.  —  Leaves 

large,  sometimes  variegated.    Berries  sweeter  and  larger  than   in 

var.  1.     Cultivated  in  gardens. 
«  R.  r.  3  camewn  Berl.  MSS.  ex  Dec.  Prod.  iii.  p.  481.    R.  rubrum 

domesticum  2  baccis  cAmeis   Wallr.  Sched.  p.  106.  —  Leaves  rather 

tomentose  beneath.     Sepals  red.     Cells  of  anthers  distant.    Berries 

pale  red. 
A  R<  r.  4  vai-iegdiumDec,  Prod.  iii.  p.  481.,  Wallr.  1.  c,  has  the  berries 

beautifully  variegated ;  or,  rather,  distinctly  striped  with  white  and 

red.     In  cultivation  in  Austria,  and  well  deserving  of  a  place  in 

every  collection,  from  the  beaut >  and  singularity  of  its  fruit. 
a  R.  r.  5  album  Desf.  Cat.  Bot.  p.  164.  — Berries  white. 
m  R.  r.  6  fdlOt  luteo  variegdtis  Du  Ham.  has  the  leaves  variegated  with 

yellow,  and  the  fruit  red. 
A  R.  r.  7  folOt  albo  variegdtis  Du  Ham.  has  the  leaves  variegated  with 

white,  and  the  fruit  white. 
A  R.  r.  8  sUAricum  Oldaker.  The  Russian  currant. — Of  vigorous  growth. 

The  propagation,  culture,  &c.,  of  the  currant,  as  a  fruit  shrub,  will  be  found 
given  at  length  in  our  Encyclopcedia  of  Gardening,  and  in  our  Suburban  Hortu 
culturisi, 

.a  19.  E.  (r.J  alpi^nuh  L.    The  alpine  red 

Currant. 

Idem^fieaiMm,     Un.  Sp.,  291.;  Dae.   PTod.,  8.  p.480.| 

Don's  MUl.,  8.  p.  186. 
Sjmimifme,    R.  dfolcum  MaUen, 
£mgra9tng$,    Schmidt  Bauin.,  t  96. ;  and  ouifig.  861. 

Spec,  Char.,  S^c,  Leaves  with  3 — 5  lobes,  ob- 
tuse, hairy  above,  shining  beneath.  Racemes 
grouped.  Bracteas  lanceolate,  inflated,  spar- 
ingly glandulose,  mostly  lai^r  than  the 
flowers.  Petals  minute,  as  if  in  abortion. 
Anthers  more  or  less  sessile.  Styles  con- 
nate. Berries  red.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A 
spreading  shrub.    Alps  of  Europe  and  Si-  ,^1.  j,.  (,., 


478 


ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


beria ;  and  found  in  Britain,  in  woods,  both  in  England  and  Scotland. 
Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Flowers  greenbh  yellow ;  April  and  May.  Fruit  red  ; 
ripe  in  July. 

Varietiet.    Berlandier  has  described  two  forms  of  the  species,  and  Dr.  Lindley 
has  added  a  proper  variety. 

m  R.  (r.)  a.  i  tterile  WaUr.  Sched.  p.  108.    J?,  diofcum  Mcench  Merh. 

— Flowers  many  in  a  raceme,  and  densely  disposed,  flat,  destitute  oi 

a  gemien,  soon  falling  oflT.    Anthers  almost  sessile,  acute,  bearing 

pollen, 
s'    M  R.  (r,)  a,  2  hacc^erum  Wallr.  Sched.  p.  108. — Flowers  few  in  a 

raceme,  rather  salver-shaped.  Anthers  upon  obvious  filaments,  ?  ini 

perfect.  Style  bifid  to  a  small 

extent.    Ghermen  obvious. 
A  R   (r.)  a.  3  puntUum  Lindl.  in 

Hort.  Trans,  vii.  p.  244.,  and 

our  J!g,  862. —  In  every  re- 
spect die  same  as  the  species, 

but  not  one  third  of  the  size, 

never  exceeding  2  ft. in  height, 

even  when  cultivated  in  gar- 
dens.   The  leaves  are  deeply 

cut,  the  flowers  small,  and 

the  fruit  seldom  produced.  m««  *•  ('•)  ••  piunihim. 

jt  R.  (r.)  a.  ^fhlm  variegdiit  Hort.  has  variegated  leaves.  Horticultural 

Society*s  Garden. 

M  20.  R.  (r.)  petrje^uu  Wulf,    The  rock  red  Currant. 

Identifieation.    Wulf.  in  Jacq.  Miic.,  S.  p.  36. ;  Don't  Mill.,  8.  p.  187. 

Synomjfmet.    Jt.  alplnum  Ddarb.  Auwrgn.  p.  166. ;   Ribet  ooraltlno,  lUU. ;  the  woplly-IeaTed  Cur- 
rant, thfl  red  Uanhmallow-leaved  Currant 
Engravimgt.    Bng.  Hot,  1 709. ;  and  our^.  86&. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  acuminated,  3 — 5- 
lobed,  rather  cordate,  deeply  serrated,  on 
long  petioles,  pilose  above.  Racemes 
erect,  crowded,  rather  pubescent.  Brae- 
teas  shorter  than  the  pedicel.  Sepals  obtuse. 
Petals  obcordate,  small,  white.  Berries 
large,  deep  red,  with  an  acid  taste.  Fruiting 
racemes  pendulous.  (Don*t  Mill.)  Aspread- 
ingshrub.  Alps  of  Carinthia,  Savoy,  and  on 
almost  all  the  mountains  ofthe  continent  of 
Europe.  In  England,  it  is  found  near  Eg- 
rieston  and  Gonsdifle,  in  the  county  of 
Durham ;  and  in  Scotswood  Dean,  North- 
umberland.     Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft. 

Flowers    greenish  yellow;    May.     JBKH^^  JL 

Fruit  red ;  ripe  in  July.  ^MlVmSm  Mm 

A  21.  R,  (r.)  spica^uh  Robt,    The 
spiked^oti^^f^/  red,  or  Tree^  Currant. 

Identffleation,    Roba.  In  Lin.  Trani.,  S.  p.  240* 

t.  SI. ;     Smith  EngL  Bot.,  1 1S80. ;    Don*t 

MUU 1  p.  187. 
SonoHi^.    The  Tree  Currant 
Engravirtfft.    Lin.   Trans.,  8.  p.  MO.   t.  SI. ; 

Enff.  Hot,  t  1S90. ;   BerU  1.  a,  tS.  £  16. ; 

tad  om  Jig.  864. 

^}ec,  Char.y  Spc,  Leaves  roundish- 
cordate,  3---5-lobed,  covered  with 
soft  hairs  above,  and  with  tomen- 
tum    beneath.      Racemes    erect.  ^^^  j,.j^.j 


863.    Jt.  (r.)  petnfeSun. 


♦  m 


xxxii.  grosbvla'ce^  :  Rl'aES.  479 

Floiren  more  or  leu  pedkellate.  Bracteat  obtuse,  tomentose,  much  sborter 
than  the  peilicdt.  Sqids  roundUb-cuneated.  Petals  obiong.  Styles  bifid. 
Berries  u^ous,  globoae,  and  in  colour  tad  taste  resembling  those  of  S.  ru- 
brum,  {ihn't  mSi.)  An  uprigbt  shrub.  North  of  England,  id  woods  near 
RichniMid  in  Yorkshire,  and  Piersbridge  and  Qainford  in  Durham.  Hei^t 
4ft.  to  6ft.    Flowers  greenieb  jeltow  ;  April  and  VUy.    Fruit  red;  ri|)e 

The  tree  cumot  affords  a  &uit  rather  ■mailer,  and  more  acrid,  than  the 
coDunon  red  currant;  but  by  crossing  and  cultiTation  it  might,  no  doubt,  be 
greallj'  improved ;  and,  from  its  compBrativel;  tree-like  habits,  might  be  « 
nme  conveoienl  fruit  shrub  in  respect  to  the  crops  around  it. 

.a  88.  R.  (r.)  CARPA'Tnicuif  Kit.     The  Carpathian  red  Currant. 
Urmtt/ltlbm.   KlLlD  SdiulUf  t£Mr.  F).,l.ad.  l.p.4Sl.i   Ddo'iUIII.,!.  p.  IST. 
SiHO^^Mft    R-  v^lmiiiii  Rxhfi  ta  Rrm,  el  Sekmlta  Bl  p-  <S& 
Stfrai^.    Oat  Jig.      .  Id  p. 

Spec.  ChMT.,  ^e.  Stem  erect.  Leaves  Uobed,  cordate.  Kacemes  penduloua, 
and.  as  well  as  the  calv\e»,  pubescent.  Petals  flattish,  smaller  than  the 
alyi.  {Don't  MiiL)  Carpathian  Mountains,  Height  4  ft.  Perhaps  only 
a  nrie^  of  R,  rubnini. 

a  Sa  A.  (a.)  miLTiFLo'suM  Sit.     The  many-flowered  red  Currant. 
UnUfcuHm.    Eft.  In  Ran.  <x  SdiulM  SyiL,  «.  p.  tsa..  but  uK  of  H.  B. «  Knntli  i  Don't  Ml]]. 

JMMnjlm'i.    Il.tf\ct.'ma.acliiiUalEilr.Ft.r4..X^m.i  R.tUU>aimaBort. 
J.^niHv.    B<it.ltMf.,l.tm.iaiioaiJlg.»m. 
^lec.  Char^  S/c.     Leaves  5-lobed, 

cordate,    tomentose     beneath. 

Racemes  vcrv  long,  pendulous, 

droopine.       Brocteas    shorter 

than    the    flowers.     Petioles 

lei^  of  leaves.    Petals  wedge-  i 

sh^ied.    Styles  bifid, and  some- q 

timeti   distinctly   trifid.   {Dcii'i 

MOl.)    Aspreailingshrub.with 

rigorous     branches   and    large 

leaves.  Croatia.  Height  4  ft.  lo 

6  ft.  Introduced  in  1888.  Row- 
ers greenish  yellow ;  April  and 

May.    Fruit  small,  t^  :  ripe  in 

The  Ions  racemes  of  flowers,  the  vigorous  growth  of  the  shoots,  the  large 
leaves,  and  the  luiuriant  habit  of  the  plant,  altogether  render  this  a  very  omo- 
■nental  sort.  From  the  luxuriance  of  the  flowers  and  leaves,  and  of  the  plant 
generall)',  fruit  is  seldom  produced  ;  and,  when  it  t^pears,  it  is  generally  of 
small  size.  On  account  of  the  gracefulness  of  the  long  drooping  racemes  of 
flowers,  H  well  deserves  a  place  m  collections. 

m  24.  R!  (k.)  albinb'rvuh  Midtx.    The  white-nerved-Jraivd  red  Currant. 


EmtrarKit-    Oor/g.MSt  U  [illll7- 

^pet.  Char.,  S^c.     Leaves  short,  peuolate,  deeply  and  acutely  lobed,  smoothiEh, 

with  whidsh  nerves.     Racemes  recurved.     Flowers   small.     Berries  red. 

^alMtius.  (Doa'i  Mili.)  A  shrub.     Canada  and  the  Catskill  Mountaina,  in 

the  state  of  New  York.     Height  4ft.     Introduced?.     Flowers  greenish 

yellow  ;  April  and  May.     Berries  red  ;  ripe  in  July. 

«  85.  R.  acvKiNA'TUU   IVali.     The  poiated-leaved  CurraDt. 
IttmMfnliBt.    Waa.Cit.1  BiiTlaIUuu.,p.  l!i.;  DoniKII   3.  p.  IST. 
Etittarof.    Oarjif.  MS.  mn  ■  ipidinm  In  Uh  I.Iduu  lurtuliim. 


480  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUU. 

Spec,  Ckai:,  Sic.  Brenchei  glabrous.  LeoTcs  glabrous 
above,  but  with  a  few  acattoed  hairs  beneath,  3 — 5-lobedi 
lobe*  acuminated,  urraled.  Racemes  axillary,  erect. 
Peduncles  pubescent.  Berries  nodding.  Calyx  campa- 
nulate.  Petals  rounded  at  the  apex.  (Don't  AfUl.)  A 
smooth  thnib.  Nepal,  on  Sinnore  and  Emodi.  Heiglit 
4ft.  to  Gh.  Introduced  ?  in  IS37.  Flowers  greenish 
yellow  i  April  and  May.  Fruit  red,  about  the  size  oftbat 
of  the  red  currant ;  ripe  in  July. 

^  !6.   R.  (r.)  TRi'piDUM   Michx.      The  trilidH?a/yfed  red 


Ei^fning.    Our  fit.  IMtrT  frxm  ■  ipedEiun  to. 

In  Sir  W.  3.  Hoolur-i  hwlwjdrai,  *-  C-l  •aiU*'™- 

Spec.  Char.,  ifc.  Leaves  smooth,  moderately  Inbed. 
Racemes  loosely  many-tlowered,  pubescent  Flow- 
ers small.  Colycine  segmentH  nilher  tri5d.  Ber- 
ne* hairy,  red.  Lobes  of  leaves  acutish.  Ra- 
cemes weak,  nearly  lilte  those  of  A.  rubrum,  but 
the  flowers  smaller.  Petals  purplish,  spathulate, 
rounded  at  the  a[iei.  (Don't  Milt.)  A  prostrate 
shrub.  North  America,  near  Quebec,  and  at  Hud- 
son's Bay.  Height  I  ft.  to  8  ft.  Introduced  in 
1883.     Flowers  purplish ;  April  and  Hay. 


The  black  Currant. 


Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Leares  dotted  from  glands  beneath,  3 — 5-lobed. 
loose.  Bracteas  minute,  tubulate  or  obtuse,  much  shorter  than  the  pedi- 
cels. Petals  oblong.  Catyx  campanulate,  with  reflexed  aegmenls.  Flower* 
wbiiith,  or  yellowish  green,  (^lyx  oflen  of  a  rich  brownish  red  colour, 
or  pink.  Stamens  sometimes  more  than  5,  in  which  case  there  are  fewer 
petulH  ;  Eo  that  when  there  are  10  stamens  there  are  no  petals.  This 
change  of  petals  into  stamens  is  just  the  reverse  of  the  process  by  which 
Kiiule  flowers  become  double;  and  it  is  the  only  iiut  of  the  kind  which  h«a 
hitherto  been  obsenred.  Stigmas  bifid.  Berries  globose,  black,  glaodulaf. 
(Don'i  MUl.)     A  shrub  with  smoothish  branches,  ■trong^snielling  leave*. 


XXXII.    QHOSSULA'CEf:    SIBES.  4til 

Eurc^  Heieht  4A.  Flowert  j'cllowith  green  ;  April  and  Majr.  Fruit 
dark  purple;  ripe  in  June  and  July. 

A  R.  n.  2  bacca  flavida  Hort.  —  Supposed  to  be  a  hybrid  between  the 
black  and  white  currants,  and  to  hnve  been  originated  near  Bslh, 
preriouEly  to  1827,  The  fruit  ia  of  a  dingy  greenish  yellow  j  but 
the  plant  has  the  habit  and  general  appearance  of  R.  nlgruoi. 

a  K.  n.  3  bacra  vlridi  Hort.  has  the  fruit  green  when  ripe.  This  variety 
is  common  in  Russia  in  a  wild  state.     Hort.  Soc.  Gurden. 

■  R.  n.  ifiHu  varifgatii  Vilm.  —  Leavei  vari^ated  with  yellow  streaks. 
Garden  Vaiietiei,     Six  of  these  are  enumerated  in  the  Horticultural  So- 

decy's  Fnat  Catalogue  o(  1831,  the  beat  of  which  are  the  black  Naples  and 
the  large  black.  The  fruit  of  the  former  variety  is  very  large  and  handsome, 
more  especially  when  the  plant  i*  grown  in  deep  rich  soil,  and  in  a  tituation 
rather  shady  and  moist. 

The  leave*,  fruit,  and  the  entire  plant  are  powerliilly  diuretic.  The  treat- 
ment of  the  black  currant,  as  a  fruit  tree,  will  be  found  in  the  Eniyclopiedia 
q^  Gardening,  and  in  the  SiAiirban  HortictUtuhif. 

^  88.    S.  (n.)  tbi'stb  PaU.     The   aul-culoured,  or  dark-btouomed,  black 
Currsjit. 

Mc<mjletiai.    Pall  Sat.  Art.  FM.,  ID,  p.  (TS.  i  Dts'i  MUl,  ^.  p.  in. 
Mittrmiitg.    Oorjlf .  SGB.  tma  4  llTLvfl  ipedmco. 

Spec.  Chia.,  Ifc.  Leaves  5-1obed.  Branches  simple, 
twiggy,  baring  leaves  and  racemea  of  flowers  at 
the  apei.  lUcemes  oendulous,  both  when  in 
flower  and  in  fruit.  Corollas  flattish,  of  a  dull 
brownish  red  on  the  outside,  and  yellowish 
inside.  Petals  revolute.  Berries  smalt,  black, 
insipid.  Root  creeping.  (Oor'i  Mill.)  A  low 
shrub.  Siberia,  on  the  Mongol  Mountains. 
Heights  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  m  1820.  Flow- 
era  brownish  red  and  yellow  ;  April  and  May.  '"■  ■■'■■i"'"- 
Fruit  black ;  ripe  in  July.  Differs  from  R.  nigrum  only  in  the  dull  brown 
colour  of  the  flowers, 

■  2».  R.  (n.)  flc'ridcm  L-Heril.     The  flowery  black  Currant. 
Anil(taU(ni.    L'HfrlL  Btlrp.,  I.  o.  1. 1  Ph.  Bspl.,  1.  p.  1st :  Don'i  Mill..  ».  p.  190. 
*7iuSS^fc*».«.^^^iKr.  I.  pAK.'.imt^'aTon^'t/ta^imm  iJiran",  *c.',  BiU.  £ft*! 

Sp^,  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  full  of  resinous  glands, 

3  or  5-lobed,  cordate,  doubly  serrated.     Ra- 
cemes pendulous,  pubescent.     Bracteas  linear, 

longer   than    the   pedicels.      Calyx   tubularly 

csmpanulate,  glabrous  :  with  the  segments  ob> 

tuse,  and  at   length  refleied.      Gennens  and 

black  berriea  ovu-globose,  glabrous.     This  is 

in  nwnjr  respects  nearly  ^ied  to  R.  nigrum; 

but  its  more  copious  and  denser  flowers,  and 

espedatly  thnr  long  bracteas,  and  more  tubular 

calyies,  will  always  distinguish  it :  the  solitary 

pe^cel,too,Bt  the  base  of  the  flowers,  is  want- 

Dig  in  this  spedes.     Petals  oblong,  rather  erose 

at  the  apei  j   greenish  yellow.  (Don't  JUiil.) 

A  large  shrub.     Canada  to  Vir^ia,  in  hedges  kx^ 

and  woods.     Height  4ft  to  6it.    Introduced  '^A 

in     1729.      Flowers  pde  yellowj    April  and  „o.  *.u-tata^,. 

Umj.     Fruit  black  ;  npe  in  July. 


482 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


Varieties. 

*  R*  (n.)  f,  2  grandiflorum  Hort.     i?.  rigens  Michx.  Fl.  Bor,  Amer 

i.  p.  110.,  Ph.  Sept.  i.  p.  136. — Flowers  and  racemes  larger  than 
those  of  the  species. 

•  R.   (n.)  /.  3  parviflorum   Hort.    R.  americanum 

Mill.,  R.  pennsylvaniciim  Celt.,  R.  campanulatura 
Hort. — ^Flowers  smaller,  and  the  racemes  shorter. 

jt  30.  R.  (n.)  procu'mbens  Pedl.     The  procumbent 

black  Currant. 

ldeni(ftcatUm.    Pall.  Fl.  Rois.,  2.  p.8.V  t.  65. ;  Don't  Mill.,  a.  p.  186. 
Swnot^me.    B.  polycfirpon  GmeL  S^tt.  Veg.  p.  419. 
Engrmmga.    PuL  Fl.  Kos.,  2.  p.  3o.  t.  65.  j  and  our^.  871. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  bluntly  lobed;  lobes  serrated, 
lateral  ones  a  little  cut.  Racemes  erect.  Peduncles 
long,  setaceous.  Segments  of  the  limb  of  the  flower 
pubescent,  acute,  of  a  purplish  colour.  Anthers  hardly 
rising  from  the  calyx.  Flowecs  flattish.  Berries  very 
grateful  to  the  taste,  rufescent  when  ripe.  (DorCs  Mill.) 
A  procumbent  shrub.  Siberia,  in  moist  places.  Height 
1  ft.  to  2  ft.  Introduced  in  180i.  Flowers  greenish  yel- 
low ;  May  and  June.     Fruit  brownish ;  ripe  Aug. 

jE  31.  i2.  (n.)  prostraVum  Lin,    The  prostrate  black  Currant. 

JdentyicaiUm.   L'H^rlt.  Stirp.,  1.  p.  3.  t.  2. ;  Don's  MilU  3.  p.  186. 
Sunonymci.    R.  glanduldsum  Ait.  Hort.  Kexr.  ed.  1.  p.  279.;  R.  canad^nae  lAidd. 
Engravingt.    Schmidt  Baum.,  t  9ft. ;  and  our  fig.  872. 

Spec,  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  deeply  cordate,  5 — 7-lobcd, 
glabrous.  Lobes  acutely  cut,  doubly  serrate,  naked  on 
both  surfaces.  Racemes  erect,  loose,  slender.  Brae- 
teas  small,  obtuse,  much  shorter  than  the  pedicels, 
which  are  beset  with  glandular  bristles.  Calyx  ro- 
tate. Germens  and  berries  beset  with  glandular 
bristles.  Berries  large  and  black.  (Don*s  Mill.)  A 
prostrate  shrub.  Newfoundland,  throughout  Canada, 
and  in  the  woods  on  the  Rocky  Mountains.  Heiixht 
1  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  in  1812.  Flowers  greenish 
yellow  ;  April  and  May.     Fruit  black  ;  ripe  in  July. 

Variett/. 

jt  R*  (n.)  p.  2  laxiflorum.  R.  affile  Dougl. 
MSS.,  R.  laxiflorum  Pttrsh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept. 
ii.  p.  731.  —  Racemes  pubescent.  Pedicels 
divaricate.     A  very  distinct  sort.     North-west  coast  of  America. 

A  32.  R.  (n.)  resino'suh  Purth.     The  resinous  black  Currant. 

JdaOifieathn.    Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  S«nt,  1.  p.  168. ;  Don*i  Mill.,  3.  p.  186. 

SynoitfimeM.    R.  orientdle  Cairot ;  K.  reclinitum  Hort. 

Engravings.    Bot.  Hag.,  t.  1683. ;  Berl.,  1.  c.,  t.  2.  C  10. ;  and  our  fig.  873. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  All  herbaceous  parts  of  the  shrub  bear  hairs 
tipped  with  resinous  glands.  Leaves  3— 5-lobed,  roundish. 
Racemes  erect  Calyx  flattish.  Petals  bluntly  rhomboid. 
Bracteas  linear,  loneer  than  the  pedicels.  Flowers  ^eenish 
yellow.  ?  Berry  hairy  and  black.  Perhaps  the  flowers  are 
dioecious.  (Don*s  Mili.)  A  spreading  shrub.  North  America, 
on  the  mountains.  Height  3  ft.  to  5  ft.  Introduced  in  1800.  »'»-*^»J 
Flowers  greenish  yellow ;  April  and  May.     Fruit  black  ;  ripe  in  July. 

jt  33.  R.  (n.)  puncta^um  Ruiz  et  Pav.  The  dotted-Z^at^rf  black  Currant. 

Id^tificatiom.    Ruli  eC  Pa^.  Fl.  Per.,  2.  p.  12.  t  288.  f.  a. ;  Don't  Mill.,  3.  p.  187. 
S§mn^me.    A.  glandul6tum  Bmi%  «t  Papon  Fl.  Per.  t.2S3.  '  -   -  ~     - 

D.  Iw..  on  Um  auUiorltv  of  Mr.  Gordon,  of  the  Hordcaltun 


871.    JK.(b. 


'     XXXII.    GROSSULA^CEf:    RI^BES.  433 

Emfrtriigt.    LtixU.  TIct.  Rag.,  t.  ItTB.  ud  leSL  i  ml  wirAO.  SH,  tn. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leave*  3- 
lobed,  Berrnted,  beset  wilti 
resinous  glands  beneath,  as 
are  also  the  brectens.  Ra- 
ce mos  longer  than  tbe leaves, 
^^  either   drooping    or   erect. 

£^^1  •"  Bracteas       cuneate-oblonp, 

<3rO*^         *•  obtuse,  at  length   reftexed. 

Calyx  campanulate,  yellow- 
Kt.  JLCn-iimmuniii.  ish.     Bcrries  oblong,  hairy, 

black,  and  dotted.     Petals 
small,  j-ellow,    (DonV  Mill.)      A   Bub-evergreen    sbrub.  •».a-ci>.iFD~iuHh 
Chili,  on  hills.  Height  3  ft.  to  *  ft.     Introduced  in  1820.    Flovfera  jellow  ■ 
April  and  May.     Fruit  black ;  ripe  in  July. 

The  IcBvea  are  shining,  and  of  a  yelloirish  green,  and,  when  nibbed,  have 
an  agreeable  odour.  The  short  close  bunches  of  rich  yellow  flowers  are  pro- 
duced in  the  aiils  of  the  leave*.  The  plant  throws  up  suckers  from  the  roots  i 
a  circumstance  which  distinguishes  it  from  almost  every  other  species  of  the 
genua  in  British  gardens.  Dr.  lindley  has  given  two  figures  of  this  species  in 
the  BoUmiaii  Heeler :  one,  1. 1658.,  of  (he  wild  plant,  in  which  the  spikes  are 
[.endulouB,  or  nodding  ;  and  tbe  other,  t.  1278.,  of  the  cultivated  plant,  in  which 
the  spikes  are  erect.  He  ohsen-es  that  it  is  hardy  enough  lo  live  in  a  dry 
border  wiliiout-protection,  and  that  it  is  a  rather  pretty  evergreen  shrub.  H.  8. 


;    UnuflfcaHm     Mi7«r  In  Led.  Fl  Roi.  AIL  Illiu.l.  p.  OTU;  I>c>B-ilfUI..&  d.  111. 

^  Ent,ati-i!,.    Ltd.  FL  Ho..  All  lllui,  L  SM.  i  md  (Sir  ^'kC.  ■'■P"' 

Spec,  Char.,  Ifc.  Steal  erectish.  Leaves  pubescent,  bristly, 
and  glandular,  nearly  orbicular,  3-iobed  ;  lobes  obtuse,  toothed! 
Racenies  erect.  Pedicels  eijual  in  length  to  the  hmcteas! 
Calyx  fiat,  pubescent.  Bemcs  puberulous,  glaiidless,  bract- 
less.  (iJon'j  JWa/.)  An  upright  shrub.  Altaia,  onrocka,  at  the 
foot  of  the  mountains.  Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  in 
1837.  Flowers  purple;  April  and  May.  Fruitlike  that  of  the 
red  currant,  but  orange-coloured; 
ripe  in  August. 


UnfflfaMint.  Hook.  Fl.  Bat.  Anur.,  1.  p.  m.;  Don'i  HJ11.,  3. 
Em^a^af.   thajlg.  S7T.  from  ■  t^edmai  In  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker'i 

Spec.  Char.,  iie.  Leaves  on  long  petiolea,  cordate, 
deeply5 — T-lobed;  lobes  acuminated, cat, doubly 
serrated,  hispid  above,  but  full  of  resinous  dots 
beneath ;  racemes  often  terminal,  at  length  re- 
Beied.  Pedicels  erectly  spreading,  pubescent, 
exceeding  the  spathulate  bracteas.  Calyx  rotate, 
^abrous.  Pet«la  minute,  roundish.  Gennens  and 
beiTiea  full  of  resinous  dots.  {Dm't  Milt )  A 
large  shrub.  North-west  coait  of  America,  at 
the  confluence  of  tbe  Columbia  with  the  ocean. 
Height  3  ft.  to  8  ft.  Introduced?.  Flowers  pur- 
plish yellow;  April  and  May.  Fruit  about  the 
MM  M  the  red  currant,  greenish,  hairy. 
A  very  reiaulable  and  el^antshrnb,  with  leaves 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


•  36.  R.  Tiacosi'ssiKUM  Furii.     The  very  clammf  blact  Ciurant. 
Utnlf/lcaliaii,    Purib  Fl.  Amer.  S*pt.,  I.  p.  ja.\  Don'i  Mill.,  3.  p.  191. 
&naat«r.    ConAinim  vliaululnia  Spaek  ^nn.  drf  Silai.  fal.  ISK 

i^c.  Char.,  ic.    Leaves  cordate,  obtuse,  3 — 5- 
lobed,  deeply  crenated.     Viscid  and  glandular 
pubescence.      Glands  on  Ijoth  Buriates.     lla- 
cemes  erect,  corymbose.     Bractean  linear-ob- 
ovate,  rather  shorter  tlian  the  pedicels,  which 
are  cblhed  with  glandular  hairs.    Calyx  (ubu-  ' 
larly  campanulate.with  erectly  spreading  nbt  use 
(egmetits.     Germens  and   Truit  ovate-obloi^, 
clothed  with  viscid  hairs.  Berries  oblong-ovate,  1 
black.     Flowers  largeandwhite.  (Don'jJftfl.)  ■ 
An  upright  shrub.      North  America,  on  the 
-Bocky  Mountains,  towards  the  sources  of  the 

Columbia;  also  on  the  summits  of  the  hilla  ,^.  ,  .i.^^ 

near  the  Spokan  and  Kettte  Falls,  at  au  eleva- 
tion of  8000  ft.  above  the  leo.      Height  4  ft  to  8  fL     Introduced  in  182«. 
Flowers  whitiih  or  yellowish ;  April  and  May.     Fruit  black ;  ripe  in  July. 
A  very  fine  and  remarkable  specica,  sooievhat  difficult  lo  keep. 


UflttillcaltM.    Rlchlrdi  Id  Frukl.  Ftril  Jouni..  gd.  ].  ippcDiL  p.  G.  :  Don't  1 

JViuxilDW.     R.  petloJktg  Dimtl-  Itori.  Trmt.  7.  p.  bH. 

Cttgratimg.  OurA- Slf-iD  Bo»»,ajli]A.««>.ln  fruit,  fTam  >  ipedmeD  Is  Dr. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Branches  erect. 
Leaves  3-lobed.  quite  glabroui 
above,  full  of  resinous  dot* 
beneath,  and,  as  well  as  the  pe- 
tioles, villous.  Uennens  dotted. , 
Berries  globose,  glabrous, 
black.  Racemes  ereci,  pubes- 
cent. Bracteas  short.  Seg- 
menia  of  the  calyx,  which  is 
campanulate,  spreading.  Flow- 
ers small.  Petals  white.  The 
fruit,  and  peculiar  odour  of 
the  plants,  are  those  of  S. 
nigruiu.  {Don't  ATtli.)  An 
erect  shrub.  North  America, 
from  Hudson's  Bay  to  the 
llocky  INtountaiDs,  in  the  west, 
anit  as  far  north  as  lat.  57°, 
including  Che  inoim tains  of 
•T(  ■  i.ihiihiiiitiiiii  Columbia,  about  the  Kettle  ■)■.  ■ 
Falls.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  In- 
troduced in  7  1B20.  Flowers  whitish  ;  April  and  May.  Fruit  black;  ripe 
in  July.     Horticulture  Society's  Garden. 

■  3S.  j;.  OLjtciA'LE   Wall.     The  icy  blade  Curraat. 
UmlffieaUtm.    Will  Cu.,  No.  tm.|  Don't  MUUS.  p.  IS9. 
Emgra*mt-    OitM  SHI.  IVom  i  tpedmgii  Id  tha  Lluuiui  hFrlwIiiia. 
fycc.Char.,  l[c.     Bracteas  smooth.     Leaves  gkbrous  above,  but  with  Jew 
scattered  bristly  haira  beneath,  cordate  at  the  base,  3 — Mobcd  at  the  apex  i 


XXXII.    OEOSSULaVe^  :    RI  BES. 

lobea  sane,  serrated.  Petioles  long,  serrated  at 
the  base.  Racone*  drooping.  Calvx  companu- 
late.  Feials  loDger  than  the  calyx,  tlowers  white. 
Berrien  black,  (/lun'i  MM.)  A  shrub.  Nepal,  on 
Emodi  sn<l  Gotsunthan.  Hciftht  iTt.  to  6  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1823.  Flowers  white  :  April  and  Uay. 
Fruit  black ;  ripe  in  July.    Hort.  Soc.  Garden. 

ji  39.  if.  ine'brians  Lindl.    The  intoxicsting 


Undl.  Id  Boi.  Rug..  1, 1411.  i  Das'!  Ufll.,  1.  p.  IK 
£a(»nii(i.    Bm.  lUg.,  1. 1(11. ;  ai  our  j^.  8M. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^e.     LeSTei  roundish,  deeplj  'i — 5-Iobed, 
and  deeply  toothed,  truncate  at  the  base,  glandular 
on  both  surfaces.     Petioles   pubescent.     Peduncles 
3 — 6-flowered, pendulous.  Flowers aggr^te.  Calyi  "'■  ■.<!«"' 

tubular,  glandular,  with  the 
segnients  recurved.  Calyi 
greenish  white,  with  the  tube 
4  lines  long.  Leaves  smelling 
like  those  of  ff.  fl^ridum.  (Don't 
iTdL)  An  upri|;hCshrub.  North 
America.  Height  3  H.  to  4ft. 
Introduced  in  IB£7,  Flowers  . 
greenish  white;  April.  Fruh 
-  ember-coloured ;  ripe  in  July. 

C  This  species  was  received  from 

Mr.  Floy  of  New  York,  under  the 
name  of^the  intoxicating  currant, 
but  without  any  other  account  of 
its  properties.  The  berries  taey 
'"•  probablj  possess  some  narcotic 

quality. 

..  40.  R.  cb'riuii  Dougl.     The  w<ay-Uaved  Currant. 

.    Dootl.  tn  Hon.  Trui..  1.  p.  i\%.  i  Don't  IDU.  1.11,110. 

B<H.lEtt..t.i3ta.;>DdDUFj^,ni.  *^ 

Spec,  Char.,   ic.       Leaves    small,   cordaie, 

lobed,   serrated,   clothed   with   glandular 

pubescence,  glabrous,  glaucous.full  of  white  J 

glands  ^x>ve.   Kacemes  pendulous,  rather  { 

capitate,      firacteas   ovate,  adpressed   to 

the  gennens,  which  are  glabrous.    Flowera 

nearly  sessile,  cylindrical,  rather  angular. 

Calycine  ac^enlH  smalt,  reflexed.   (Don'i 

Mill.)    A  low  bush.    North-west  America, 

on   tne  banks  of  the  (^lumbia,   and  its 

southern  tributary  streams,  from  the  Great 

FallitotheRockjr.Mountains.  HeightSlt. 

to  3  ft.      Introduced  in   1(127.      Flowers 

whitish;    April.      Fruit  amber;    ripe   in 

July. 

Id  its  small  foliage  and  few-flowered  n- 
cemes,  this  species  resembles  the  gooseber^ 
tribe ;  but  it  bait  no  thorns.  The  flowers 
are  rather  large  and  white,  with  a  shlj^t 
tinge  of  green,  and  are  rather  downy.  White  waxy  dots  like 
upper  surface  of  the  leaf ;  whence  the  speciRc  name. 


486  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANMCUH. 

C.  Flowen  deep  red.     Fruil  blade. 
m  41.  A.  sanoui'neum  Pttr$h.     The  b\oodj,  or  red,  Jloiaered  Cvinnt. 

I^tatificaHtm.    Funh  Fl.  \ma.  Snit.,  1.  n.  IM,:  Don'i  Mill.,  9.  p.  Ifil. 
SvHfliuiBri.    S.  milikeum  SmOk  ta  Rm  i  C^ii. ;  CalobftrTM  unrulHn  3ma€i. 
SufTuwaitl.    HdR,  Tiu»..;.  t.  13.  i  Bot.St|,L  IMS.;  ladoatfy.tM. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c,  Leaves  cordate,  lomewhat  3-lobed, 
■errated,  veiny,  smoothlsh  above,  but  clothed 
witb  villous  tomenlum  beneath.  Racemes  droop- 
ing, pubescent,  twice  the  length  of  the  leaves. 
Cidj' I  tubularly  campanulatc,  with  oblong,  obtuse, 
spreading  segments,  exceeding  the  petals,  which 
are  red,  and  quite  entire.  Bracteaa  obovaie-spa- 
thulate.  Berries  turbinate,  hairv.  {Don't  Mttl.) 
A  large  branchy  amootb  shrub.  North-irest  coast 
of  America,  in  rocky  situations,  by  the  uides  of 
streams.  Height  4  ft.  to  Bit  Introduced  in  1826. 
Flowersdeeprose;  March  and  April.  Fruit  pur- 
plish, with  a  glaucous  bloom ;  ripe  in  August. 
Variclkt. 

•  R.  «.    S  gliihrtotam.    R.  glutinAsum   Benth.  U4.  «,b>>»i»<w. 

Hort.  Traru.  2d  ser.  vol.  i.  p.  476.,  fl.  angistum  Dousl.  MS 
(Our  fig.  8B5.)— The  foliage  u  destitute  of  down,  luid  slightlj  vi.. 
coua.  The  racemei  are  rather  larger  than  in  the  species,  koJ  the 
flowers  are  of  a  very  pale  rose  colour.  This  variety  comes  into  led^ 
a  moDth  before  the  specie*. 


■  R.  f.   3  roa/wicirum.    R.  malviceum   Benth.  I.e.      (Our  fc.   886.) 

—  Leaves  rough  and  hispid  on  the  upper  side,  and    clothed   ud- 

derneath  with  a  whitish  cottony  down.     The  racemes  of  &ovcn  are 

shorter  and  closer  j  and  each  flower  is  almoBt  leuile  on  the  common 

stalk.     In  colour,  the  flowers  are  rather  darker  than  those  of  R.  a. 

glutinosum,  and  have  more  of  a  lilac  tinge. 

a  R.  J.  4  itro-rhbent  Hort. —  Flowers  and  racemes  rather  smaller,  and 

of  B    much  deeper  and   darker  red,   than  those  of  the   species 

Horticultural  Society's  Gardra. 

By  (ar  the  most  ornamental  species  of  the  genus.     It  i>  easily  propagated, 

and  as  hardy  as  the  common  black  currant     Ft  flowers  profusely  ;  and,  com. 

ing  into  bloom  early  in  the  season,  forms  the  moat  splendid  bush  to  be  seen 

in  British  shrubberies,  from  the  middle  or  end  of  March  to  the  beginninjj  of 

middle  of  Mny.     A  great  many  seeds  were  sent  over  by  Mr.  Douglas,  a  num. 

her  of  which  were  distributed  by  the  Horticultural  Society  ;  and  the  plants 

producedfrooithemhavevariedin  the  colour  oF  their  flowers,  from  pale  pink  to 

deep  red.     The  piania,  also,  seed  freely  in  this  country  ;  and  hence  a  jiuinber 

of  varieties  have    been  originated   by  nurserymen,  independently  of  R.  a. 

inalvHceum  and  fl.  s.  glutinosum,  which  difltr  froip  the  species,  not  only  in 

thj  shades  of  colour  of  thar  flowers,  but  also  in  their  leaver     The  rariety 

(Bhich  has  the  dsrkest^^iloured  flowers  is  fl.  s.  atro-rilbeiM. 


XXXII.   GROS8irLA^CE£ :    RI^BES. 


487 


A  42.  i?.  a^ro-purpu'relm  Meyer.    The  dark-pvurple-Jiowered  Currant. 

Meyer  in  Led.  F\.  Rost.  Alt.  HL  t.  S31. ;  Fl.  Alt.,  1.  p.  S68. ; 
I.  p.  191. 
L«d.  Fl^Rou.  Alt.  III.,  t.  231. :  oarjfiig  887.  from  a  Uring  plant 


Identification, 
Don's  Mill 
Engrmnngt. 


.,  S.  p.  191. 
W.    L«d.  Fl.  Rou.  Alt.  III.,  t.  231. :  oar  fig 
iik  the  Birmingham  Botanic  Garden. ;  and>|f.  888.  flrom  Ledebour. 


SSS>    it.  ktitHporptoMn. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Stem  erect.  Leaves  pu- 
bescent, nearly  orbicular,  cordate,  3— -5- 
lobed;  lobes  acute,  serrated.  Racemes 
drooping.  Pedicels  exceeding  the  bracteas. 
Calyxes  campanulate,  ciliated.  Berries 
glabrous,  and  Dractless;  dark  purple,  and 
the  size  of  those  of  the  common  cur- 
rant. (Don*s  Mill,)  An  upright  shrub. 
Altaia,  on  mountains  and  subalpine 
places  on  the  rivsr  Ursal ;  and  also  at  the 
river  Tscharysch.  Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft. 
Flowers  deep  purple;  April  and  May. 
Fruit  dark  purple  ;  ripe  in  July. 

Varieties 

m,  R.  a.  1.  —  Flowers  deep  purple.    Leaves  rather  pubescent  beneath, 

but  smooth  and  glabrous  above,  as  well  as  the  branches. 
A  R.  a.  2. —  Leaves  rather  pubescent  beneath,  but  hispid  from  bristles 

above,  as  well  as  the  petioles  and  stems.    Found  near  the  river 

Volschoi  Ulegumen. 
ft  R.  a.  3. — Flowers  paler.  Leaves  pubescent  above,  but  most  so  below. 

Branches  smooth. 

j  iv.  Symph6calyx  Dec. 

J>«*i9aUen,   From  ncmpAti^,  to  grow  together,  and  kabu ;  in  reference  to  the  aepab  of  the  calyx 
of  the  ipedes  belonging  to  this  section. 

SecL  Char.    The  calyxes  tubular,  and  yellow.    The  racemes  many-flowered. 
Leaves  compassing  the  bud.     Unarmed  shrubs.  (Dec.  Prod.,  iii.  p.  483.) 

A  43.  R.  au^'reuu  Purth,     The  goiden^wered  Currant. 

Went(fieation.    Pursh  Fl.  Aroer.  Sept.,  1.  p.  164. ;  Don's  Mill.,  &  p.  191. 
t^/noi^fmes     A.  palmitum  Dfcf.  C.  HorU  Paris. ;  Chrfsob6trya  rcvoldta  Spadt. 
BHgnunigs.  BerU  1.  c,  t.  2.  f.  33. ;  Bot.  Reg.,  t.  125. ;  and  our^.  889. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Quite  glabrous.  Leaves  3-lobed  ; 
lobes  divaricate,  with  a  tew  deep  teeth,  shorter  than 
the  petioles,  which  are  ciliated  at  the  base.  Calyxes 
tubular,  longer  than  the  pedicels.  Tube  slender.  Seg- 
ments oblong,  obtuse.  Petals  linear,  much  shorter  than 
the  calycine  segments.  Bracteas  linear,  length  of  the 
pedicels.  Style  entire.  Berries  glabrous.  Flowers 
golden  yellow.  Fruit  yellow,  seldom  black,  and  of  ^^^^ 
an  exquisite  flavour.  (Don's  Mill.)  An  upright  branchy  ^^1^ 
shrub,  which  l>efore  blowing  has  the  appearance  of  a 
species  of  CVatse^gus.  North-west  America,  in  light 
gravelly  soils,  from  the  Great  Falls  of  the  Col  urn-  v^^ 

bia  River  to  the  roountuns,  and   on  tlie   southern  ^ 

branches.     Height  6  ft.  to  SfL    Introduced  in  1812. 
Flowers  yeUow ;  April  and  May.     Fruit  yellow,  seldom  black ;    ripe  in 
August. 

Varieties. 

A  R.  a.  1  preecox  Lindl.  in  Hort.  Trans,  vii.  p.  242.  R.  fn^rans  Lod. 
(Bot.  Cab.,  t.  1533.;  and  our ^.890.) — Flowers  earlier.  Leaves 
cuneated  at  the  base,  pubescent  beneath  ;  lobes  deeply  serrated. 

II  4 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNtCUM. 

Berriei       copious, 

eailier,  turbinate,  ft 
Racemes  bracceate.  I 
I  R.  a.  2.  tiilonan  Dec. 
Prod.  iii.  p.  483. 
R.  longi(l6ruiii  Fra- 
in'i  Cat.  1813— 
Leaves    ralher   vil- 

t  R.    a.       3    irrotmum 
Lindl.  I.  c,  and  our 
^.891.  — Flowers 
late.  Leaves  of  vari- 
ous forms,  smoolh- 
ish    beneath  i    lobes    deeply    ser- 
rated. BenieE  few,  late,  and  round 
in  shape.  Racemes  naked. 
Alt  the  formi  of  tills  species  are  highly  ornamental,  froin  their  fine,  large, 
bright  yellotr  lliiwers,  trhich  are  produced  in  abundance;  and  their  smooth, 
glossy,  yellowish  green  leaves.     The  plants  are,  also,  more  truly  licneous,  and 
of  greater  duration,  than  those  of  most  other  species  of  Ri&ei.     I4ext  to  S. 
snnguineum,  and  its  varieties,  they  merit  a  place  m  every  collection. 

•  44.  R.  {*,)  tenuiflo'buh  Lkdt.     The  slender- flowered  Currant. 

Ufltiflailin.    I.lndl  In  Hort.  TrtBl,  J.  p.  Wi.  ;  Bol.  Rej.,  ISTl. :  Don'i  Mill,.  1  p.  191. 

amatl/mei.    n.  m'S-rrvm  Caa^Horl.Slli.  Appej\i.i.  t.\. I,  li.;    R.  tktum  BtrL  ia  Drc.  Pnt.  *. 
p.  4U.  1  R,  mliiotininili  HorL  ;  C)ir;ub6lrTa  liaHviina  Sputa. 

£ngrBfft«i.    Bot,Rog.,l.lJ?ti»ndoorjV.SM. 

^c.  Char,,  4-c.  Unarmed,  quite  glabrous.  Leaves 
roundish,  34obed,  mealy ;  lobes  bluntly  toothed 
at  the  npex.  Racemes  pendulous,  many-flow- 
ered. Caljn  tubular,  glabrous,  longer  than  the 
pedicels,  colourefl.  Pctids  quite  entire,  linear, 
one  hair  shorter  than  the  segments  of  the  calyx, 
which  are  oblong  and  obtuse.  Bracteas  linear, 
length  of  the  pedicels.  Berries  glubrous.  (Don'*  .        "-ivm 

Mill.)      An   upright    branchy   shrub.      North  ^W^     Jy(^ 
America,  on  the  rocky  tracts  of  the  Columbia,  ^^^5^  ^   ^ 
near  the  head  waters  of  the  Missouri.     Height 
6  ft.  to  8  ft.     Introduced  in  IB12.   Flowers  yt' 
low ;  April  and  May.     Fruit  purple  or  yellov 
ripe  in  August. 

•  R.  (a.)  (.  \  fi-iidii  i^v, — Berries  changing  from  yellow  to  red,  and 

finally  acquiring  a  deep  blackish  purple  colour. 

•  R.  (o.)  I,  2Jr&cta  luteo,  —  Fruit  yellow;  always  retaining  the  nme 

In  habit,  this  species  is  more  erect  than  R,  aureum,  and  has  the  vouog 
wood  tnofe  thinly  clothed  with  leaves;  itswboleappearanceis  also  paler,  during 
the  early  part  of  the  season.  The  flowers  are  not  more  than  half  the  nze  of 
R.  aureum ;  and  have  entire,  not  notched,  oetaia.  The  fruit  is  about  the  siie 
of  the  red  currant,  of  an  agreeable  flavour,  but  pouesung  little  acidity. 

•  45.  R.  (a.)  flaVuh  ColL     The  yellow-ylouwrn/ CurranL 

UtMifaaitm.    Coll.  Hon.  RJpuL  ApiniMl.,S.p.4.  t  l.r.^.;  Don'i  Hin.,g.p.  isi. 

Strmmimn-    fl.  UJreum  I  uueilgnim  Lfwtt.  In  Anrt.  TVow.  ;.  p.  Hi.  i  Jt.  p^tinm  Dtaf.  fltrt. 

Par.;  JL  •Anmn  Kit  Bat  Srg.t.  lU.,  butpM  of  Ponh  j  Chi^sMnva  InHmMli  AoeL 
Eitgmtmg$.    CaU.  Hon.  SlpiH.  KpftDi..  t.  p.  4.  t.  I.  L  1. 1  ud  aurAf.  m*.  utd  M. 

Spec,  C'iar.,  ^c.     Unarmed,  quite  glabrous.     Young  leaves  34obcd ;   adult 


leight     ^\ 
■s  yel-  ft 

:llow;         ^^kf^ 


XXXIIL    ESCALLON/^V£j£:    /'TEA. 

I  mnallj  5-Iobed, 
deeply  toothed,  about 
equal  in  length  to  the 
ciliated  petioles.  Ra- 
cemes Ehort,  4 — 5-flow- 
'  ered.  Calyx  tubular, 
i  much  longer  than  thepe- 
f  dicels.  Tube  slender. 
Segments  rather  Bpathu- 
lale,  rellexed.  Petals  ona 
balf  shorter  than  the  ca- 
lycine  segnients.  Bracteas 
elliptic  Beniet  obloi^,  glabrous.  Flowers  yellow. 
(Don't  Mm.')  An  upright  shrub.  North  America, 
Height  6  ft  to  8  ft.  Introduced  in  1812.  Flowera 
yellow;  April  and  May.  Fruit  puiple  or  yellow; 
r^e  in  August. 

A  Terj  ornamental  rptae*,  of  vigorous  growth,  fine 
shbing  foliE^,  and  of  greater  duration  than  manj 
■pecies  of  Rnei. 


Order  XXXIII.     ESCALL0N/^C£^ 

Okd.  Cbab.  Cab/x  5-toothed.  Petalt  5,  forming  a  tube  by  their  cohenon, 
finally  separating ;  lestivuion  imbricated.  Siamciu  definite.  Ditk  ejiigynous, 
surrounding  the  tnse  of  the  style.  Ovarium  8-celled,  containing  two  lai^ 
placentas  in  the  axis.  Stigma  2-lobed.  Capiule  crowned  by  the  calyx  and 
style,  dehiscing  at  the  base.  &oit  numerous,  minute.  Albumen  oih.  The 
cohering  petals,  oily  albumen,  and  situation  of  placentas  separate  this  (rom 
Gro&BuUriaceK.  (d.  Don.) 

Leave!  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen  ;  lanceolate 
serrated  or  entire.  F/oweri,  tenninal  in  spikes  or  racemes, — Shrubs,  natives 
of  North  and  South  America,  of  which  two  genera  are  in  British  gardens, 
which  are  thus  contradistinguished  :  — 


□ 


TTEA  L.     The  Itba.     Im.  St/$l.  Pentindria  Monog^nia. 

...aaw.    Dn. Gm.,  i7S^  Dee.  Prod..  «.  p.  (, ;  Dm'i  MUl,  t.T,K«. 

Ummrmei.    CeilrUa  Loar^Virontagt^  Mfe*j. 

inldi  (RioUi  ef  thB  i'ua  nrrlDlo. 
Gen.  Char.  Cali/x  bell-shaped,  with  5  teeth,  pernitent.  PelaU  5,  their  osti- 
vaiion  valvate.  Slametu  5,  shorter  than  the  petals.  Both  petals  end  stamens 
inserted  upon  the  tube  of  the  calyx.  Teeth  of  calyx,  petals,  and  stamens, 
alternate  with  one  another.  Ovary  not  connate  with  the  calyx.  St^/e,  at 
first,  seemingly  one;  afterwards  it  parts  into  two  portions.-  hence,  there  are 
rather  2  styles  connate.  Stignua  cupitate,  mostly  divided  by  a  (iurow.  Car. 
pelt  two,  connate  into  B  capsule  of  2  cells,  that  has  8  fturows,  and  parts 
from  bottom  to  top.  Setdt  in  two  rows  along  the  introflexed  margins  of  the 
carpels.  (Dec.  Pnd.) 


490 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Leave*  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  ;  lanceolate,  toothed. 
Flowers  small,  white,  in  simple  terminal  racemes.  —  A  shrub,  native  of 
North  America. 

a  1.  /.  YiRUi^NiCA  L.     The  Virginian  Itea. 

tdgntifieaikm.    Lin.  Sp.,  2B9. }  Don*i  MilL,  &  p.  196. 
Engrmhtgt.    N.  Du  Ham.,  6.  t.  9. ;  Bot.  Hag.,  t.  9409. ;  and  oar 
J^.  895. 

Spec,  Char.^  ^c.  Leaves  lanceolate,  acutely  toothed. 
Racemes  simple,  terminal.  (DotCt  Mill.)  A  deci- 
duous shrub.  Pennsylvania  to  Carolina.  Height 
3  ft.  to  5  ft.  Introduced  in  1 744.  Flowers  white ; 
June  to  August.    Carpels  brown  ;  ripe  in  October- 

It  may  be  propagated  by  cuttings,  but  more  rea- 
dily by  layers,  suckers,  or  seeds,  which  are  annually 
imported  from  America;  and  it  thrives  best  in  a 
sandy  or  peaty  soil,  kept  moist.  The  plant,  to  be 
kept  in  vigour,  should  have  the  old  wood  frequently 
cut  down  to  the  ground.  When  grown  in  a  situation 
that  is  rather  moist,  its  flowers  make  a  fine  appear- 
ance late  in  the  season,  when  there  are  few  other 
shrubs  in  blossom. 

Genus  II. 


105.    I.  Tirghiica. 


£SCALL0'Nii4  Mutis.    The  Escallonia.    Lm.  SysL  Pentindria 

Monogynia, 

Identifleation.    Muds  in  Lin.  flL  Supp.,  t.  SI. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  4.  p.  a. ;  Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  192. 

aynoHyme.     Stere6x)'lon  Rwx  et  Pav.  Ft  Per.  Prod.  p.  38. 

Derivation.    From  Escallon^  the  pupU  and  companion  of  Mutin,  during  bis  travels  In  New  Spain. 

Gen,  Char,,  S^c,  Calyx  tube  semiglobose,  adnate  to  the  ovarium;  limb 
5-toothed  or  5-lobed.  PetaU  5,  ariiing  from  the  calyx.  Stament  5  ;  an- 
thers ovate-oblong.  Stigma  peltate.  Sii/le  filiform,  permanent.  Cttptule 
baccate.    Seedt  numerous.  (DorC$  Mill,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  sub-evergreen  ;  serrated  or  entire, 
full '  of  resinous  glands.  Flowers  terminal,  bracteate,  variously  disposed, 
white  or  red. — Sub-evergreen  shrubs,  natives  of  South  America,  more  espe- 
cially of  Chili.  Propagated  with  the  greatest  ease  by  cuttings ;  and  growing 
freely  in  any  common  soil. 

tt  ft  1.  E.  RU^BRA  P^f.     The  red;/7of<)rrv(f  Escallonia. 

Identification.    Pen.  Ench.,  2.  p.  235. ;    Hook.  Bot  Mag.,  t  2890. ,  and  Don's  Mill.,  3.  Pl  193. 
&monifme.    Stere4xylon  rtibrum  Rttix  et  Pmp. 
Engravit^t.    Ruli  et  Pavon  Fl.  Per.,  3.  t.  836.  f.  b. ;   Bot  Mag. 
t  2890. ;  and  our>^.  896. 

Spec.  Char,,  Sfc.  Shrubs  smoothish ;  branches  erect, 
when  young  clothed  with  glandular  villi.  Leaves 
obovate-oblong,  acuminated,  serrated,  full  of  resin- 
ous dots  beneath.  Peduncles  2 — ^7-flowered,  brac- 
teate. Lobes  of  calyx  denticulated.  Petals  spathu- 
late.  (DoiCs  Mill.)  A  sub-evergreen  shrub.  Chili, 
on  the  mountains  of  Colocolo,  and  in  the  fissures  of 
rocks,  and  about  Valparaiso.  Height  3  ft.  to  6  ft. 
Introduced  in  1827.  Flowers  red ;  July  to 
September. 

VarieHes,     In  the  Bot.  Misc.,  iii.  p.  252.,  three  forms  are  recorded  :  — 

m  m  E.  r.   1  flabriusettia  Hook,  et  Am.,  with  glandular  branches^  leaves 


W6*    B.  i^bts 


XXXIII.    ESCALLOH/^V£^ :    ESCALLoVU. 


491 


highly  pubescent,  and  red  floweni,  which  inaiy  be  coDsidered  as  the 

A  ■  £  r.  S  aUnflora  Hook,  et  Am^  E.  gluiduldia  Bot.  Cab.  t.  S9t., 

with  white  fldwen. 
B  ■  £.  r.  Spubeieeiu  Hook,  et  Am.,  with  pubescent  branches,  and  red 

Very  dedrable  shrubs  for  training  sgainit  a  wall. 

3  Dte.    The  Monte  Video  Escallonia. 


.    Iink<tOIUAbtlild.,l.  »,iB«.  Ilf(.,lte7.i  luidoilrjic.  an. 

^>ec.  CAar.,  lie  Shrub  glabroiu.  Branches  erect.  Leaves 
oblong,  cuneated  at  the  base,  acutish,finely  serrated,  full 
of  resinous  dot*  beneath.  Panicle  terminal,  tnany-flow- 
ered,  crowded,  IntermiKed  with  foliaceous  bracteas. 
Lobes  of  calyx  acute,  rather  denticulated.  Petals  obo- 
vate,  obloDg.  i^Dojit  Mill.)  A  sub-evergreen  shrub. 
Braiil,  in  many  places,  but  eipedally  on  the  sand;  banks 
■nd  pastures  of  the  Uruguny.  Height  6  ft.  to  10  fl.  In- 
troduced in  1827.  Flowers  white,  very  like  those  of 
the  hawthorn,  with  a  style  which  becomes  double  the 
length  of  the  fruit  after  flowerii^  i  July  to  September. 
Carirfy. 

mm  E.m.  SJhri&inda,  E.  floribunda  H.  B.et  Kunth, 

is  a  native  of  New  Giranada,  on  the  Andes,  with 

white  dowers,  and  shining  lenves,  which  are  clammy 

when  young.     A  very  distinct  variety  considered 

by  some  as  a  species. 

Tliis  species  forms  a  remarkably  vigorous-growing  bush, 

with  long,  flexible,  mpe-like  shoots,  and  is  very  prolific  in 

Bowers.     It  is  so  hardy  as  to  have  stood  through  several 

winters,  as  a  bush,  in  the  open  ground  of  the  Kensington  t 

WIS  fcUled  by  the  winter  of  tfl3T-S. 


A  Preil.     The  varnished  Escallonta. 
.  II.  p.  49. :  Don'i  Hill..  3.  p.  139. 
lug.,  t.  1900. ,'  and  buz  jig.  89S. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Quite  glabrous.     Branches  spreading, 
anointed   with  resin.     Leaves  petiolate,  obovate  or  ob- 
long obtuse,  crenulated,  attenuuted  at  the  base,  beset 
with  glandular  dots  above,  and  clammy.     Panicle  termi- 
nal, many-flowered,  leafy.     Petals  on  long  claws.     Cap- 
sule turbinate,  5-nerved.  (^Don't  Mill.)     An  evergreen 
shrub.  Chili,  at  the  streamlet  of  Los  Lunes.   Height  311. 
to  6ft.     Introd.  1833.  Flowers  white;  Aug.  and  Sept. 
The  whole  plant  emits  a  powerful  odour,  which  to  some 
penoui  resembles  the  smell  of  swine,  and  to  others  that  of 
melilot  or  fenugreek.     One  of  the  hardiest  species  of  the 
(enus,  and,  like  all  the  others,  well  deserving  a  pluce  in 
collections. 


Other  Speciet  of  Eicalldnia. — E.  remoia  Pers,  Stere-  ^     

ixylon  resinosum  Rua  el  Pavon   (Don't  MUl.,  bii.  p.  B4.),         ^^  ^  ^^J^ 

)  a  native  of   Peru,  on  the  cold  parts  of  fulls,  which 

tood  out  at  Kew  for  five  years,  till  it  was  killed  by  the  winter  of  ISST-fl 


492  ARBORETUM    £T  FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

JS,  pulvendenta  Pen.,  Stere6xylon  pulvenil^ntum  Ruk  et  Fav^  is  a 
shrub,  hairy  in  every  part,  with  white  flowers ;  growing  to  the  height  of  8  or 
10  feet.  It  is  a  native  of  Chili ;  and  plants  of  it  were  in  the  Horticultural 
Society's  Garden  from  1 83 1  till  1837-8.  Twenty  other  species  are  described 
in  Don's  Miller,  iii.p.  193.  to  p.  195.,  all  natives  of  South  America,  and  proba- 
bly as  hardy  as  those  above  mentioned  ;  but  it  does  not  appear  that  any  of 
them  have  been  introduced. 


Order  XXXIV.    SAXIFRA^GEiE, 

Tribe  HYDRA'NGEiE. 

Ord.  Char,  Calyx  4^— >5-parted.  Petals  5,  inserted  between  the  lobes  of  the 
calyx.  Stamens  5  or  10.  Dixk  perigynous.  Ovarium  of  2  to  5  carpels. 
Stigmas  sessile.  Fruit  1 — 2-celled.  Seeds  numerous,  minute.  Albumen 
fleshy.  Absence  of  stipules  distinguishes  this  from  iZosaceae  and  Cunoni- 
dcecB,  (G*  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  deciduous.  Flouwrs  in  larse  co- 
rymbs, pink  or  white,  often  sterile. — Suffruticose  shrubs,  natives  of  North 
America  and  Asia.  Easily  propagated  by  cuttings,  and  growing  freely  in  any 
soil  that  is  rather  moist. 

Genus  L 


^'lJ 


HYDRA'NGEA  L.    The  Hydrangea.    Lm,  Syst.  Decindria 

Di-Trigynia. 

IdemtflcaHom,    Lin.  G«d.,  S67.t  Dec.  Prod.,  4.  p.  13. ;  Don*t  MllL,  S.  p.  S3S. 
Symm^met.    HTdrftngea,  and  Horttatia  Jum.  ;  Idrangea,  JtaL 

DerivatioH.    From  hndor^  water,  and  argots  a  vessel ;  with  reference  to  soma  of  the  ipedet  which 
grow  In  water ;  or,  at  some  suppose,  from  the  capsule  resembling  a  cup. 

Gen,  Char,  Flowers  generally  deformed  ;  but  some  of  them  hermaphrodite 
and  fertile.  Calyx  tube  hemispherical,  10-ribbed,  rather  truncate, 
adnate  to  the  ovarium  ;  limb  permanent,  5-toothed.  Petals  5,  regtUar. 
Stamens  10.  Styles  2,  distinct.  Capsule  2-celled,  with  introflexed  valves^ 
crowned  by  the  teeth  of  the  calyx  and  styles,  flattish  at  the  top,  opening  by 
a  hole  between  the  styles.    Seeds  numerous,  reticulated.  (Don^s  Mill,) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  deciduous  ;  serratea  or  lobed.  Flouh- 
ers  corymbose,  pinx,  or  yellowish  white ;  the  marginal  ones  sterile,  and 
large,  in  consequence  of  the  teeth  of  the  calyx  being  dilated  into  broad, 
petal-like-coloured  segments ;  the  rest  of  the  sterile  flower  partially  abor- 
tive. —  Shrubs,  natives  of  North  America  and  Asia. 

* 

A.  Species  Natives  of  North  America, 
A  .1.  H.  arborb'scens  L,    The  arborescent  Hydrangea. 

Identfftcation,    Lin.  Sp.,  p.  5G&  ;  Don's  Mill.,  a.  p.  232. ;  Lodd.  Cat.,  ed. 

lGt3o 

Svnonvmes.    H.  Tulg&rls  Mick*.  FL  Bor,  Amer.  1.  p.  268. ;  H.  frntiioeiM 

AfiOTwA  J/rtA.  1.  p.  106.  ^         ^    ^ 

Engravingi,    Bot  Mag.,  t.  437. «  and  our  ftf  8B9. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  rather  cordate ;  superior 
ones  lanceolate,  coarsely  toothed,  pale  and  puberulous 
beneath.  Corymbs  flattish.  Flowers  nearly  all  fertile. 
Flower  buds  obtuse.  Flowers  white,  small,  having  an 
agrieeable  odour.  (I)on*s  Mill,)     A  low  shrub.     Peim- 


xxxiv.  mxifra\j££  :  htdra'nqea.  493 

■rlnnia  to  Virginia.     He^ht  i  ft.  to  6  ft     IntToduced  in  1736.     Flowers 
white,  having  an  i^reeable  odour  t  Jul;  and  August. 

^  H.a.  2  ditcdor  Ser.  in  Dec.  Prod.  4.  p.  14. — Leavea  almont  white 
beneath  from  tomentum. 
It  prefers  a  oioiit  soil,  and  Is  readily  propagated  by  division  of  the  roots. 
■  3.  H.  (a.)  cobda'ta  Purih.     The  cordnte-Zravni  Hydrangea. 

of  i-cWx.  i  Don'iMlll..  t.  p.  &. 
JRVTwHv.    WUL  LKDdr.  Brit,,  t.  41.  i  ud  our  A'  900. 
Spec.  Ciar.,  Sfc.     Leaves  broadly  ovate,  acuminated, 
rather    cordate    at  tlie    base,    coarsely    toothed, 
glabrous    beneath.      Flowers    all    fertile,    small, 
white,  and   sweet-scented.    (Ban'i  MiU.)     A  low 
shrub.     Carolina,  on  mountains,  and  on  the  banks 
of  the  Uissouri,  above  St.  Louis.    Height  6ft.  to 
8  ft    lotrod.  in  1806.   Flowers  white ;  July,  Aug. 
Farirty. 

•  H.  (a.)  c.  2  geirgica,  H.  ^raica  Lodd.  Cat.,  WS^ 

ditos  from  the  species  in  lowering  a  little         ,^  ^  i^iMri^r^ 
later,  and  being  rather  more  robust. 
We  agree  with  Torrey,  in  thinking  this  merely  a  Tariety  of  H.  arborfsceD*. 
■  3.  U.  Ni'rsA  Midue.     The  aaavj-Uaved  Hydrangea. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  cordate,  oval,  acuminBted, 
sharply  toothed,  clothed  with  white  tomcntum,  or  pu- 
bescence, beneath.  Corymbs  (lattish.  Sepals  of  sterile 
flowers  entire.  Flower  buds  depressed.  Flowers 
white,  rather  large.  (Don't  MiU.)  A  low  suffrutescent 
shrub.  North  America,  on  the  Savannah  River. 
Height  in  America  4tt.  to  6tt.;  in  England  Sft.  to 
3ft.  Litrod.  1786,  Flowers  white ;  July  and  August.  mi.  H.ntT.. 
rmhity. 

A  H.n.t  glahella  Ser.  in  Dec.  Prod.  4.  p.  14.— Leaves  nearly  glabrous 
beneatn.  Flowers  all  fertile.  This  variety  has,  probably,  onpnated 
in  culture. 


•ssr*  ' 


Sp<c.  Char.,  4ic.  Leaves  large,  ovate,  ser- 
rately  lobed,  end  toothed,  pilose  beneath. 
Corymbs  rather  panicled,  flattish.  Sepela 
of  sterile  flowers  entire.  Flower  buds 
depresseil.  Flowers  white.  Sterile,  or 
outer,  ones  of  the  corymbs  large,  (Don't 
Afill.)  A  shrub.  Florida.  Hnsht4ft. 
to  6  ft.  in  America ;  S  ft.  to  3  ft.  in  Eng- 
land. Introduced  in.  1803.  Flowers 
white ;  June  to  September. 
This  is  by  far  the  ntost  interesting  of  the 
North  American  hydrangeas,  from  its  large, 
deeply  tobed,  and  anuated  leave*;  apd  its 


494  ARBORETUM    El'   PRUTICETUM   BRITANHICUM. 

fine,  large,  newly  white  corymbs  of  flower*,  which  are  sterile,  and  appear 
from  June  rill  they  are  destroyed  by  frost.  Culture  as  in  the  other  species ; 
but  it  is  easential  that  the  situation  be  sheltered,  and  the  soil  kept  some- 
what moist,  otherwise  the  leaves  are  not  perfectly  defeloped,  and  the  brancfaet 
ve  ^)t  to  be  broken  off  by  high  winds. 

B.  Speaet  Na^vei  of  Aaa. 
«  5,  H.  hbtbroha'll4  jD.  Don.     The  diverse-haired-JMiii^  Hydrangea. 


Eiumrrv-    Our^-MS.  rtim  1  ipKlmenlD 

Spec.  Char.,  Jr.  Leavesoml,  acu- 
minated, sharply  serrated,  to- 
mentose  beneath,  Sin,  long,  and 
nearly  3in.  broad.  Corymbs  au> 
pra-decom pound,  ditfiixe,  pilose. 
Sepals  of  sterile  flowers  roundish 
oval,  quite  entire.  Flowers  white. 
{Don'i  MiU.)  A  shnib.  Ne- 
pal, at  Qossainthan.  Height  i(t.  ' 
to  eTc.  Introduced  in  1821.- 
Flowen  while ;  ?  July,  AugusL 
A  very   vigorous-growing  plant 

in  its  native  country,  and  probsbly 

as  hardy  in  British  gardens  an  some 

of  the  North  Amtrican  species.  aa.  H.h*™.iitt. 

ft  6.  H.  *LTi'ssiMA   lyall.     The  tallest  Hydrangea, 
a. p.ssi.    '      *■    '"  ■     ■    'P-.  ■  ■    -I    '«'•■ 

E*t"''<f-    Will.l.c,  LU.1  udciurAl'^M. 

Spec.  Char^  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  acuminated, 
serrated, smoothish.  Corjmbs  flattish.  Ste- 
rile flowers  few,  on  pilose  peduncles;  alatias- 
tra,  or  fertile  flowers,  conical,  {Don't  MiU.) 
A  rambling  shrub,  which,  according  to  Dr. 
Royle,  climbs  lofty  trees.  Nepal,  on  moun- 
tains. Height?.  Introduced  in  iB3».  Flow- 
ers while ;  t  July,  August, 

Other  SpecKi  of  Hydrangea. — H.  Horienm 
Sieb.,  H.  nortinsis  Smith,  a  well-known  orna- 
ment ofeardens,  is  sufirutescent  and  hardy  in 
the  8.  of  England.  Even  in  the  climate  of  Lon- 
don it  lives  in  sheltered  lituationa  in  the  open  ^.  jl^ubmu. 
garden,  because,  though  frequently  killed  to  the 

ground,  it  always  springs  up  again,  ^d  even  flowers.  — /f.  wififa  Wall.,  a 
native  of  Nepal,  is  probably  as  hardy  as  H.  alttssima,  and  would  be  a  moat 
desirable  introduction. 


Order  XXXV.     UMBELLA  CE^. 

OXD.  Cbas.  Colli*  entirB  or  toothed.  Peiidt  5,  entire,  emai^inate,  or  ?- 
lobed,  each  usually  drawn  out  into  a  replicated  or  iuToluted  point. 
Stamau  5.  Ovaruim  8-celled.  Stplet  a.  Fnit  of  B  separating  pericarps, 
■dharing  by  their  faces  to  the  carpophore.     FrvU  ribhed  or  winged.     Peri- 


XXXV.    UMBELLA^CEiE  :    i^UPLBU'RUM. 


495 


earpt   ]-«eeded.  —  Habit  alone  is  sufficient  to    distinguish  this  order. 
(D.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen  or  sub-evergreen  ;  quite 
entire.     Flowers  greenish  yellow. — There  are  only  one  or  two  ligneous 
hardy  in  British  gardens,  and  these  belong  to  the  genus  i?upleurum. 

Genus  I. 


^UPLEU^RUM  Toum.    The  Bupleurum,  or  Hare's  EaA. 

Lin,  Syst.  Pent&ndria  Dig/nia 

Omtilleaiiom._Toan.  Inat^,  309. 1. 168. ;  Dec  Prod^  4.  p.  1S7^;  Doo'i  IUU.,8.  p.  996. 

'^    "lie  "   ' 


i|piMiifWfc».    Tendria  and  uBbprfotJ*  Spr<ng.  S^Mi.  1.  p.  880.  j  Bupliore,  or  Oreille  de  IMm,  Fr. ; 
HaaenShrllen,  Ger. 


DaitMMon.    From  ftovf,  an  ox,  mnd pienroH,  a.  tide;  from  the  luppoied  quality  of  swelUnff  cattle 

the  aenut.    The  name  of  Hare'i  Ear,  which  li  presenrea  In  the 
French  and  German,  ha*  reference  to  toe  shape  of  the  learet. 


that  feed  on  lome  of  the  tpeciet  of  the  genua.    The  name  of  Hare'i 


Gen.  Char,  Calyx  margin  obsolete.  Petals  roundish,  entire,  strictly  involutei 
with  a  broad  retuse  point.  Frttii  compressed  from  the  sides.  Seed 
teretely  convex,  flattish  in  front.  (Don*s  Mill,) 

Leaves  as  in  the  order.  —  Smooth  shrubs,  natives  of  Europe  and  Africa, 
and  some  of  Asia.  Only  one  hardy  species  is  in  cultivation  in  Britihh  gardens. 

A  «  1.  B,  FRUTico^uu  L,    The  shrubby  Bupleurum,  or  Hare's  Ear, 

limtifieaikm.    Un.  Sp.,  843. ;  Don*i  Mill.,  8.  p.  301. ;  Webb  Iter  Hiipan.,  p.  44. 

^wowywCT.   Tenbrfa  frutlcbta  Spm^.  in  Sekultes  Sutt.  a  p.  376. ;  Aiprdtia  ft-uticdta  S^rtng. 

Mag.i  Sfeicli  Kthi6p|cum  Bauk.  Pm.  161. ;  S^sell  frOtex  Mor.  Umb.  16. 
Engraving*.    Slbth.  Fl.  Grcc.  t.  263L ;  Wats.  Dendr.  Brit.,  t.  14. ;  and  our>^«.  908.  and  906. 

jQD^  S^c^    Char,,  ^c.      Shrubby,    erect- 

w^  ^        ^^  tt  branched.     Leaves  oblong,  attenu- 

T  gflKil|y,TSffffift       ^^^   ^^   ^^^  base,   coriaceous,    I- 

nerved,  quite  entire,  sessile.  Leaves 
of  involucre  oblong.  Ribs  of  fruit 
elevated,  acute.  Vittae  broad.  Bark 
of  branches  purplish.  Leaves  of  a 
sea-green  colour.  (Don's  Mill.)  A 
neat  sub-evergreen  glaucous  shrub. 
Portugal,  Spain,  the  South  of  France, 
about  Nice,  Corsica,  Sicily,  Mauri- 
tania, and  Thessalv.  Height  3  ft. 
to  4  ft.  in  a  wild  state ;  6  ft.  in 
British  «irdens.  Introduced  in 
1596.  Flowers  yellow ;  July  and 
August. 

It  js  readily  propagated  by  cuttmgs,  goe.  M^tn^cuam. 
18  of  free  growth  m  any  dry  cal- 
careous soil,  and  is  particularly  vigorous  on  the  sea 
coast  in  Kent.  The  blue  glaucous  hue  of  its  smooth  shining  foliage  renders 
it  a  desirable  addition  to  every  collection.  If  planted  in  an  open  airy  situ- 
ation, in  a  deep  soil,  not  moist,  and  allowed  to  extend  itself  on  every  side,  it 
would  soon  form  a  large  hemispherical  bush,  highly  ornamental  during  winter 
frora  its  evergreen  foli^e,  and  during  summer  from  its  bright  yellow  flowers. 

B.fiviSscens  L.  (Cav.  Icon.,  ii.  t.  106. ;  and  our  ^.         .  in  p.  .)  has 

slender  dongated  branches,  and  linear-bubulate,  stiff,  striated  leaves.  It  is  a 
native  ot  Mauritania  in  Spain,  and  also  at  Tarragona. 

B.  gUfraltdrica  Lam.  Diet.,  J3.  arbor^cens  Jacq,  (Tc.  rar.,  ii.  t.  351. ;  and 
our ^.3094.  in  p.  1 108.)  grows  to  the  height  of  3  ft.,  and  has  fragrant  flowers. 


tOA. 


496  ARBORETUM    £T    FIltlTICETUH    BRITANNICUM. 

Order  XXXVI.     ARALIA'CE^. 

Ord.  CBAB.  C<dyx  entire  or  toothed.  Fetait  5  or  10 ;  tesCivHtioii  valrate. 
Slament  same,  or  double  the  number  of  petals.  Aa/hert  peltate.  Ovarium 
of  2  or  more  cells;  cells  1-aeeded.  iS^/n  numerous,  usfially  distinct.  B-^ 
crowned  by  the  limb  of  the  calyx,  Aliamen  fleihy.  —  Differs  from  the 
UnibBll^ces  in  inflorescence,  numerous  styles,  and  baccate,  generally  many- 
celled  fruit. 

Lfavei  simple  or  compound,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  or  erergreen  ; 
serrated  or  entire.     Flower*  small,  greenish. 
The  genera  belonging  to  this  order,  which  contain  ligneous  plants,  arr 

Aralia  and  A'ederE,  the  fonner  rather  suShiticose  than  permanently  woody: 

their  characteristics  are  as  under ;  — 

AraViji  L.     Petals  5.     Stamens  5.    Styles  5,   expanded.    Barj  5-ceUed. 

Hm'DEJijL  Swartx.  Petals  5— 10.  Stamens  ^-10.  &ytes  0 — 10,  conninng. 
Berry  5— lO^eUed. 

Genus  I. 


ARA'LIA  L.    TBb  AkalI4,  or  ANGELICA  TaSB.    Liu.  Sj/tf.  Pentandria 

Pentag^nia. 

UnMoMm,    O.  Don  Prod.  Fl.  Vltf.,  p  ISa^  In  ■  Dota  1  Dk  Prod.,  4.  p.  UT.  i  Dco'i  UU.,  %, 

Syumtm.    Arllli  ip.  Lift. :  ArUc  •£»  BImm. 

veri^aiiim.    Accorillni  to  tamo,  Itoni  am,  Ukoojvtet,  thA  ipIdH  bdnf  verf  tnatdeHnu  hk  tM 

ODe  Ipec1«  wu  Hat  to  FdgDn,  at  Parii,  frorn  Quaboc,  In  1701,  bj  OM  ilvruln,  A  Fmcfa  y/trj~ 

Gen.  Char.  Califx  margia  very  short,  entire  or  toothed.  PetaU  S,  free, 
and  expanded  at  the  apei.  Stanunit  5.  Stylet  5,  expanded,  spreading  divari- 
cately. Beny  5-celled,  usually  torose.  Pyrena  chartaceous.  {DojCi  Mill.) 
Leanet  compound,  imparipinnate,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous;  large, 
rough.  Flower*  white,  or  ^eenish;  in  umbels,  usually  disposed  in  paniclea. 
—  Suffi'utescent  shrubs,  with  prickly  branches  and  leaves,  and  with  lai^ 
pith.     Natives  of  North  Amenca  and  Japan. 


The  spiny  Aralia,  or  Angelica  3Veff. 


tJ.  ;  Gplkcnud,  U.  A 


Spec.  Char.,  ^.  Stem 
arboreous  and  prick- 
ly. Leaves  doubly 
and  trebly  pinnate.  | 
Leaflets  ovale,  acu- 
minated, and  deeply 
serrated.  Panicle  '' 
mu(^  branched,  beset 
with  velvety  stellate 
down.      Umbels  nu- 


XXXVl.    ARALIA^CELfi  :    if£^D£RA.  497 

merous.  Inrolucre  small,  of  few  leaves.  Petals  white  and  reflexed.  Styles 
5,  divaricate^  arched.  Fruit  5-ribbed.  (Don*i  Mill,)  An  erect  suffrutes- 
cent  plant,  with  the  habit  of  a  tree.  Carolina  and  Virginia,  in  low,  fertile, 
Dioist  woods.  Height  10ft.  to  12  ft.  Introduced  in  168S.  Flowers 
greenish  white ;  August  and  September. 

An  infusion  of  the  fruit,  in  wine  or  spirit,  is  considered  an  effectual  cure  for 
the  rheumatism.  In  British  gardens,  this  species  is  propagated  by  cuttings  of 
the  roots  ;  and,  from  its  .large  doubly  and  trebly  pinnate  leaves,  it  forms  a 
singularly  ornamental  plant,  with  a  spreading,  unibrella-Iike  head,  when  stand- 
ing singly  on  a  lawn.  After  the  plant  flowers,  the  stem  commonly  dies  down 
to  tiie  ground,  like  that  of  the  raspberry,  and,  like  it,  is  succeeded  by  suckers. 
Pursh  **  mentions  a  variety  in  which  the  petioles  of  the  leaves  are  without 
prickles." 

a  2.  A.  japo'nica  Tkunb,     The  Japan  Aralia. 

Identification,     Thunb.  Jap.,  p.  128.  ;  Bloroe  B^dr.,  p.  371. ;  Don't  Mill.,  8.  p.  389. 
Engratnng.    Our^.2C91 .  In  p.]  ]  07. 

Spec.  Char^  ^c.  Stem  shrubby,  unarmed.  Leaves  petiolate,  7-nerved,  7-lobed  ; 
lobes  ovate,  serrated  at  the  apex.  Panicles  terminal.  Peduncles  umbel- 
liferous. Leaves  coriaceous,  glabrous  in  the  adult  state,  but  when  young 
woolly  on  both  surfaces.  (Don*t  Mill,)  A  suffirutescent  erect  shrub.  Japan, 
near  Nagasaki.  Height  5  ft.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  in  1838.  Flowers  white. 
Fruit  striated. 

Genus  II. 


■  y  I  CLii 


/^E'DERA  Swartz.    The  Ivy.    Lm,  St/tt.  Pent-Dec^ndria,  and  Pent- 

Decagynia. 

MaUifieatkm.    Swartx  Fl.  Ind.  Occ.,  p.  581. ;  Dec.  Prod,  4.  p.  261. ;  Don't  Mill.,  3.  p.  891. 
Sifnoitjfme$,    Arilia  lect.  Gymni^terum  Blutn.  BOdr.  p.  871.  j  /f^dera  iind  ArMia  ip.  Lin.  \  Lierre, 

Ft.  ;  Epbeo.  Ger. ;  Edera,  ItaL 
derivation.     Various  etymolofiles  hare  been  proposed  for  the  word  ^^dera  ;  but  the  most  probable 

supposition  appears  to  be,  that  it  is  derived  from  the  Celtic  word  hedira,  a  cord.    The  English 

word  1t7  is  derived  from  the  Celtic  word,  iw,  green. 

Gen,  Char.  Calif x  margin  elevated  or  toothed.  •  Petals  5 — 10,  not  cohering 
at  the  apex  in  the  form  of  a  ealyptra.  Stamens  S-'IO.  Sfi^les  5 — 10,  con- 
niving, or  joined  in  one.     Berry  5 — lO-celled.  (Don's  Mill,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  cxstipulate,  evergreen  ;  lobed.  Flowers  umbellate 
or  capitate.    Fruit  dark  purple,  or  black. 

Evergreen  shrubs,  climbing  by  the  clasping  roots  produced  by  their  stems, 
or  creeping  on  the  ground  when  without  support.  Natives  of  Europe  and  Asia. 

l_  \,  H,  He\ix  L,     The  comvion  Ivy. 

Itientifieatifm,    Lin.  Sp.,  292. ;  Dec.  Prod,  4.  p.  261. ;  Don*i  Mill.,  3.  p. 891. 

Derivation.    IR\\x  is  derived  from  eileo^  to  encompass,  or  turn  lound ;  in  reference  to  the  clasping 
•tont,  which,  however,  are  not  twining. 

Spec.  Char,y  S^c.  Stems  climbing,  throwing  out  roots  from  their  sides  to  any 
object  next  which  they  may  be  placed.  Leaves  coriaceous,  glabrous, 
shining,  with  5  angular  lobes ;  those  on  the  old  upright  and  rectangular 
branches,  which  form  the  tops  of  the  plants,  ovate,  acute,  quite  entire. 
Umbels  simple,  pubescent.  {DorCs  Mill.)  A  well-known  evergreen  climber 
and  creeper.  Europe  and  Britain,  in  woods.  Stem  20  ft.  to  60  ft.  Flowers 
greenish  yellow,  or  greenish  ;  October  and  November.  Friut  black  ;  ripe 
m  April. 

Varieties,  DeCandolle  has  enumerated  three  forms  of  this  species  which  are 
independent  of  the  varieties  cultivated  in  British  gardens :  — 

K  K 


498 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


90S.    H.  V.vnlgteik 


L  H.  H.  1  vulgam  Dec.  (Eng.  Bot.,  1. 1267. ; 

and  our  Jig.  908.)     has   the   pedicels 

clothed  with  stellate  down,  and  the  fruit 

black.     This  is  the  commonest  form  of 

the  ivy,  throughout  Europe,  in  a  wild 

state ;  and  there  are  varieties  of  it  with 

white  and  yellow  variegated  leaves,  in 

gardens. 
L  H.  H.  2  canarietuis  Dec. ;  H»  canariensis 

JVUld,  Berol.  Mag.  ii.  p.  170.  U  5.  f.  1. ; 

the  Irish  Ivy,  or  Giant  Ivy,  of  British 

gardens ;  has  the  pedicels  scaly  with  pu- 
bescence.     Floral    leaves  subcordate  ; 

those  of  the  creeping  branches  5-lobed 

and  larger  than  those  of  the  common 

ivy.     Fruit  ?  red,   or  black.      Canary 

Islands.  Introduced  in  ?  1800,  or  before. 
L  H.  U.  ?  3  chrysocdrpa,  Dec,  H.  po^ca 

C  Bauh,,  H.  chrysocarpos  Dalech,,    H.  Xhon^sias  J.  Bauh,,  H. 

i/elix  WalLy  is  a  native  of  the  North  of  India,  with  yellow  fruit. 

It  differs  from  the  common  ivy  in  its  yellow  fruit,  and  in  being  of 

more  gigantic  growth;  in  the  leaves  being  more  cuneated  at  the 

base ;  and  in  the  pedicels  being  scaly.    Hort.  Society's  Garden. 

The  VarieHet  in  BrUith  Garderu,  additional  to  the  above,  are :  — 

i.  H.  H.  4  foUit  argenteii  Lodd.  Cat.     The  iSli/v^-striped  Ivy. 

i.  H.  H.  5  /o/ttf  aureit  Lodd.  Cat.    The  Golden^tiiped  Ivy. 

i.  H.  H.  6  digitdla  Lodd.  Cat.    The  palmate,  or  Hand-shaped,  Ivy. 

i-  H.  H.  7  arboretceni  Lodd.  Cat.  The  arboretcerU,  or  Tree,  Ivy. — This 
variation  is  merely  an  extension  of  the  flowering  shoots,  which  are 
entire-leaved,  and  take  an  arborescent  character ;  and,  when  a  portion 
of  them  is  cut  off^  and  has  rooted  as  a  separate  plant,  it  will  sometimes 
produce  an  upright  bush,  which  will  retain  its  arborescent  form  for 
many  year^  Sooner  or  later,  however,  it  resumes  its  native  habit, 
and  throws  out  rambling,  or  creeping,  shoots,  with  5-lobed  leaves 
like  the  common  ivy. 

A  variety  with  white  berries  is  mentioned  by  Theophrastus,  Pliny,  Virgil, 
and  Dioscorides. 

The  ivy  will  grow  in  any  soil  or  situation,  but  thrives  best  when  somewhat 
shaded.  The  common  British  variety,  and  its  sub-varieties,  are  the  best 
kinds  for  supporting  themselves  on  walls,  especially  when  young;  at  which 
period  the  giant  ivy  seldom  throws  out  rootlets,  though  it  does  so  subsequently. 


Order  XXXVII.     ITAMAMELIDA^CE^ 

Ord  Char,  Calyx  4-lobed  or  repandly  toothed.  Petab  4,  linear,  rardy 
wanting ;  aestivation  involutely  valvate.  Stamens  8,  short,  those  opposite 
the  petals  barren.  Ovarium  half-inferior.  Stylet  2 — 3-  Capsule  2-celled, 
2-valved.  Ovules  bifid.  Albumen  horny.  The  flowers  are  sometimes  dioe- 
cious, and  sometimes  polygamous.  (G.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  bistipulate,  deciduous;  toothed  or  serrated. 
Flowers  yellow  or  white.  —  Shrubs,  deciduous ;  natives  of  North  America. 

//amambYis  L.    Cal}'x  4-lobed,  furnished  with  3— 4  scales  outside.    Capsule 

coriaceous,  2-celled, 
FoTHEROi^LLii  L.    Calyx  campanulate,  5— 7-toothed.    Anthers  in  the  form 

of  a  horseshoe.    Capsule  2-iobed,  2«celled. 


XXXVH.   ifAMAMELIDA'CEiB :    HAMAHEYiS. 


Q 


ffAMAME'LIS  L.    Tbb  Hahameli*,  or  Wrcu  Hazel, 

Lis,  Syil.   TeirindriB  Dig^nia. 


. , 1  D«,  Ptwl.  <,  p.  868,5  Dnn'l  Mill,  J.  p.  396. 

^mwjma.      TliK^ui  Mat.  Aa.  Mad.  Hat  (\r.  S  App  ;  HucimeUde.  Ilal. 

nDB  drrtv  &■  tli4  *{iple  tree  \  tbe  word  being  derirnl  fniDi  kama,  logcther  with,  and  Hffu »  ui 
IppUr  Lm.  The  modeni  4ifi]ilicAtluQ  Kemi  to  be  froni  th«  /faiUBtniUiltairliig  Itt  bLmomfl  accDm* 
pufbig  ilt  frulu  (flK^>  ;  both  beln^  on  the  tr««  At  (hv  ume  Ume. 

Gen.  Char.  Caivx  4-Iobed,  adheritig  to  the  ovarium  at  the  base,  furnished 
with  2—3  scalefl  on  the  outside.  Pelali  4,  long,  ulternating  with  the  teeth 
of  the  calyx.     £[(niMTU  4,  alternating  with  the  petals.     OroWum  free  at  the 

£i:.     Capialei  coriaceous,  ^-celled,  3-valved.     Arilt  2  in  each  capsule. 
i  oblong,  shining.  (Don't  Mill.) 

Leacet  simple,  alternate,  bistipulalc,  deciduous  ;  ovate  or  cunealed, 
feather-nerved,  nearly  entire.  Floaieri  neoflj'  eeseile,  disposed  in  clusters, 
in  the  axils  of  the  leaves,  girded  by  a  3-leaved  involucrum.  PetaU 
yellow.  —  Shrubs  or  low  trees,  deciduous;  natives  of  North  America j 
Interesting  from  producing  their  iloivera  in  the  autumn,  which  remain  on 
during  the  winter. 
•  i  \.  H.  TiitGi'HiCA  L.     The  Virginian  Hamanielis,  or  Wych  Hazel. 

Hmtlficalmt.    Sn.  I^Dd..4.D.9GS.;  Dcm'l  Mill..  3.  p.XK  ;  Lodrl.  Cmt,,  sd,  )S3«. 

tfaiMpmt.    HmnuiDelm  ds  Vltglnlt,  Fr.  %  Vti^ntocbg  ZwibeniiUk  Gtr.  i  PlttKchlo  nen  iWLa 

VIrglni.,  lul. 
Etgnarngt.  N.DuHun.,;.  I.«l,;Bo(.Cdi.,LSM.  tu>daurA.M9. 
Spec.  Char.,  ifc.     Leaves  obovate,  acutely  toothed,  with 

a  smaU  cordate  reces.s  at  the  base.  {Doi^t  Mili.)     A 

dei^iduouB   shrub.     Canada  to  Florida  i   in   dry  and 

stony  situations,  but  frequently  near  water.    HelEht 

KOft,  to  30  ft.  with  a  trunk   G  in.  or  more  in  £a. 

meter.     Introduced  in   17.36.     Flowers  yellow;  be- 
ginning of  October  to  the  end  of  February. 

•  T  H.  0.  2  parvi/olia  Ntitt.  —  Leaves  smaller,  ob- 

long ovate,  and  a  more  stunted  habit  than  ., 
the  species.  Pennsjlvunia,  on  mountains.  In 
British  gardens,  when  planted  in  peat  soil,  this 
forms  a  verv  handsome  little  shrub ;  and  i> 
peculiarly  valuable  from  being  densely  covered 
with  fine  yellow  flowerB  throughout  the  winter. 

•  T   H.  p.  3  macrop/i^/la.   H.  macrophylla  Purik, 

—  Leaves  nearly  orbicular,  cordate,  coarsely  ■»-  «-  mgi^ei. 

and  bluntly  toothed,  and  scabrous  from  dots  beneath.      Western 

SaR  of  Georgia,  and  Nortli  Carolina,  on  the  Katawba  Mountains. 
ntroduced  in  1813,  and  flowers  from  May  to  November. 
In  British  gardens,  it  has  been  but  little  cultivated,  notwithstending  the  sin- 
gularity of  its  appearance  in  autumn  and  winter ;  when  it  is  profusely  covered 
with  its  fine  ricn  yellow  flowers,  which  begin  to  expand  before  the  leaves  of 
■he  previous  summer  drop  oS,  and  continue  on  the  bush  throughout  the 
wioler.  After  the  petals  drop  off  in  spring',  the  persistent  calyxe:i  remain  on 
till  the  leaves  reappear  in  April  or  May.  I[  will  grow  in  any  light  free  soil, 
kept  rather  moist ;  and  it  is  iiropagared  by  layers  and  by  seeds ;  which  last, 
thou^  rarely  produced  in  Britain,  are  frequently  sent  to  this  country  from 
America.  They  ought  to  be  hown  immediately  on  being  rcctived,  aa  they  are 
«fieti  two  years  before  they  come  up. 


□ 


POTHEROI'LLX  L.    The  Fotheroiij.a.    Lin.  Sytl.  Icos&ndria  Digjnta. 

UrttHfialUm.     Un.  HI.  Suppl..  f.At.;  Dm.  Prod.,*,  p.  Mi*.  ;  Doo'i  Mill..  3.  p,  391. 

DniraUen.     In  mmiory  of  Jo*h  Follurim.  M.D.,  ui  eminent  phnlclui  ud  pUron  of  botanj.  who 

U  StrUTaid-la-bDV.  in  Em«x.    lie  vu,  Iwildo,  one  ot  Iho  moil  cbuluue  ai«D  oV  hii  Upie. 

Gen.  Char.  Calgi  camjmiiulnte,  adhering  to  the  ovarium  at  the  base,  totn^ 
what  truncate,  with  h — 7  callous  Bubrejiand  teeth.  Pffofi  wanting.  Stamcni 
About  25.  Slylei  2.  Captule  adnalc  to  the  base  of  the  calyx,  ii-labeil, 
SK-elled,  l-sterJcd.     Seed  bony.  {Don't  Mil/.) 

Ijcanei  simple,  alternate,  biatipulatCt  deiiduoiis ;  Feather- nerved,  clothed 
with  soft  starry  down.  Flutvert  white,  sued -scented,  xeEEtile,  anthera 
yellow ;  in  terminal  ovate  spikes,  having  a  solitary  bractui  under  each 
flower;  those  liracteaa  at  (he  buee  of  the  spike  arc  tiifid,  and  those  at  its 
apeK  lire  nearly  entire. 
Shnibs,  deciduous,  of  which  there  is  only  one  species,  but  several  varieties. 

Natives  of  Nurth  America. 


rLi*  L.     The  Alder-leaved  Fothergitla. 
iT. :  I>ec.  Prod..  4.  p.  M9. ;  Don"!  MIU.,  3.  p.  IBT. 


flor.%  CycL  .( 


Spec.  Char.,  ^.  See  the  generic  cliaracter.  The  flowers,  which  are  white 
end  sweet-EcenteJ,  appear  before  the  leaves  ;  the  latter  resembling  th^se  of 
the  wych  ha2cl.  A  lo«  deciduous  bush.  North  America,  Virginia  to 
Carolina,  in  shady  woods  on  the  sides  of  hills.  Height  3  ft.  to  ti  ft.  In- 
troduced in  17G5,  Flowers  white,  sweet-scented ;  April  and  May. 
y'arielici.     The  following  are  very  distinct :  — 

«  F.  a.  I  obliua  Sims  Bot.  Mag.  t.  1341.,  Pursh  Sent.  1.  p.  335. ;   F. 
major   Bol.  Cab.   t.  1520.  i  F. 
fllnifolia  Lin,  fit.  Stipp.  257.; 
and  our^rig.  910. ;  has  obovate 
leaves,  downy  beneath. 

•  F.a.aacu/nSims,Pur!:hSept.1.   ( 

p.335.i  F.GirdeniJacq.kon. 
rar.     t   100.   (Bot.   Cab,    t.   ' 
1507.),     has    narrow    leaves, 
nearly  entire,  white  from  down 
beneath.  ^ 

*  F.  a.  3  miijor  Sims  Bol.  Mag. 

t.  1348.,  Pursh  Sept.  I. 
p.  335.  (Bot.  Cab.,  t.  1 520. ; 
and   our  j^.  Oil.)  has  leaves   .^^a^^ 

date  at  the  ^se.very  black  and      &^^^^jff^ 

serrated  at  the  apex  ;  when      ^^?^gr^ 

510.  ra.™)™.  young,  tomentose  beneath.  ,„     ".  j^_, 

In  British  gardens  the  fothcrgillas  thrive  best  in  moist  sandy  peat.  They 
are  propagated  bj-  seeds,  which  are  sometimes  ripened  in  this  country,  but 
lire  generally  received  from  America,  The  varieties  are  increased  by  layers. 
The  fothergillas  are  naturally  somewhat  tender,  and  though  not  impntierit  uf 
colJ,  yet  t|iey  are  easily  injured  by  the  proximity  of  other  trees  or  bushes, 
"    '  '      "'e  drought  or  perpetual  n-— -■ 


XXXVIII.  corna'ce*:  co'bnus.  501 

Okder  XXXVni.     CORNA'CE.^:. 

Ojio.  Char.  Calyx  4-lobed.  Pelah  4j  Estivation  valvue.  Slament  i, 
Sli/fe  Blironn.  SUgma  niniple.  Drupe  biuicate,  enclosing  a  S-celled  nut. 
SceiU  solitary  in  the  cells.  Atbumm  fleshy,  — DiftVrs  from  C^rifoliacei  tribe 
rSunbucee,  in  the  poljpetalous  corulla  and  drupaceous  fruil.  (C  lion.) 

Leave*  simple,  opposite,  rarely  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous,  or 
sub~evergreen ;  ovate  or  oval,  entire.  Floweri  white  or  yellowish.  —  Shrubs 
or  low  trees;  natives  of  Europe  and  Asia. 

Ci/rnus  L.     Flowers  in  cvmes.     Stamens  4.     Style  I.     Pome  baccate. 

Bkntha'hm  Lindl.  Flowers  diapoaeU  in  involucruted  heads.  Fruit  ton 
stituted  of  many  ponies  grown  to^jcther. 

Genus  I. 


SfflU 


CCfRNUS  L.     Tub  Dogwood,     Lin.  Syit.  Tetrindria  Monogynia. 

Uauifialim.     Tourn.  Init.,  Gil.  I.  «10. ;  Ttrr.  Prnd.,  t.  p.  ITl.  ;  Dod'iMUJ.,  I.  p.  398, 
Ifimitma,    CaniwilJeT,  Ft.  ;  HirtrlFiRl.  Urr.  ;  Cornkila,  Ilal. 

Urrivation.  Frcnn  cormu,  ■  hnm  i  Ihfl  Toad  being  tboUjlIF  ta  be  u  hard  vid  u  durable  u  bom. 
HvIHfs«1  i^inn  btrd  nil,  or  btnl  VQad.     'Ine  Dunr  of  DokwdckI  li  uptlt^  to  IhLi  ^niiii, 

doci^  built  Ift  more  Ukrlj  to  bir^hroi  glvan  id  II  h-oni  Ihc  ■itrin|«]l  propertln  of  Ibe  t«rk  4n(l 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  tjbe  adhering  to  the  ovarium  ;  limb  small,  4-toothed. 
Pelalt  4,  oblong,  sessile,  valvaie  in  lestivation,  Sfavicm  4.  Style  I,  Drujte 
baccate,  marked  by  the  vestiges  of  the  calyx,  containinj;  a  2-celled,  rarely 
3-celled  nucleiw,     Seedt  solitary,  pendulous.  (Doa't  MUl.) 

Leavei  simple,  opposite,  except  in  C.  altemifblia,  exstipulate,  deciduous  ; 
entire,  feather-nerved,  Floweri  sometimes  capitate  and  umbellate,  involu- 
craled;  sometimes  corymbose  and  panicled,  without  iiivolucra.  Pelalt 
white,  rarely  yellow.  —  Trees  under  the  middle  size,  and  shrubs,  deciduous  j 
aatires  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America. 

Most  of  the  spedes  ripen  their  fruit  in  England  ;  but  they  are  usually  pro- 
pagated by  suckers,  or  by  layers  or  cuttings.  TTie  wood  of  all  the  species 
nwkca  the  very  best  charcoal.  Common  soil,  and  most  of  the  species  will 
thrire  in  the  shade  of  other  trees. 

$  i.  Nudtfiora  Dec. 

DtritaUtm.    tma  mtimi.  lukfd,  and  fiM,  >  Sow«  (  Iha  lalom- 
ir  panicled,  without 

A.  Leavei  altemale. 

•  T  I.e.  u.TBRHiPo'LiA  L.    The  alternate-leaved 
Dogwood. 
.    Lhi.  m.  Supp]..  p.  1»,  1  L'HtrlL  Com.,  No.  II. ; 


BKlaurji, 


Spec,  Oar,,  S^c,  Leaves  alternate,  ovate,  acute, 
hoary  beneath.  Corymbs  depressed,  spreading. 
Braaches  warted.  Pomes  purple,  globose,  about 
the  Hie  of  a  grain  of  pepper.  Leaves  on  long 
petiolea.  Brandie*  green  or  reddish  brown.  {Dm' 

XK  S 


502  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

Mill.)  A  smooth  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree.  North  America,  from 
Canada  to  Carolina,  in  shady  woods  on  river  banks.  Height  15  ft.  to  20  ft. 
Introduced  in  1760.  Flowers  white ;  May  to  July.  Fruit  purple ;  ripe 
in  October.  Decaying  leaves  reddish  yellow.  Naked  young  wood  green- 
ish or  reddish  brown. 

This  species  is  easily  known  from  every  other,  even  at  a  distance,  by  the 
horizontal  umbelliferous  character  assumed  by  the  branches,  which  are  also 
dichotomous,  with  clusters  of  leaves  at  the  joints  ;  and  the  general  colour 
is  that  of  a  lively  green.  The  leaves  are  generally  alternate,  but  not  unfre- 
quently  opposite. 

B.  Leaves  opposite, 

A  2.  C.  SANGUi^NEA  L,    The  hlood-redJeaved,  or  common.  Dogwood. 

Identification.    Lin.  Sp.,  p.  171. ;  Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  399. ;  Lodd.  Cat.  edit  1836. 

Ssfnorwrnea.    C.  fce'mina  Rati  5m».  460. ;  Virga  saoKOInea  Matih.  Valgr.  I .  p.  236. ;   Female  Cor- 
nel, Dogberry  Tree,  Hound  Tree,  Hound'»-bernr  Tree,  Prickwood,  Gaten  or  Gatten  Tree,  Gater 
or  Gatter  Tree,  Catteridge  Tree,  wild  Cornel ;  Comoulller  saavage,  sanguin,  or  female,  Paine 
or  Bols  punais,  Fr.  ;  rother  Hartrlegel,  Ger. ;  Sanguinello,  Ital. 

J>eriv€Ui<m.  This  speciei  Is  called  fce'mina,  and  Female  Cornel,  because  it  bears  fruit  when  very 
young  ;  whereas  C6mus  mis  produces  male  blossoms  only  till  the  tree  is  15  or  20  yean  old.  Vfrga 
sangulnea  is  literally  the  bloody  twig,  alluding  to  the  colour  of  the  shoots,  though  tber  are  not 
nearly  so  red  as  those  of  C6rnus  41ba.  The  names  of  Dogberry  Tree,  Hound  Tree,  sc,  ariae 
firom  the  same  source  as  Dogwood.  (See  above.)  Prlckwood  alludes  to  the  use  of  the  wood  for 
skewers ;  Gaten  Tree  is  a  corruption  of  Gatr  treow,  the  Saxon  name  for  this  species ;  or,  as 
some  suppose,  ic  is  derived  from  gaytOy  the  Spanish  word  for  a  pipe,  the  wood  of  this  tree  bein^ 
more  hollow,  or  fbll  of  pith,  than  that  of  C.  m&s.  Catteridge,  ana  all  the  other  somewhat  similar 
names,  are  derived  from  Gaten.  Chaucer  calls  the  ft-uit  Gaitres  berries,  evidently  from  the  same 
origin.    The  French  names  of  Puine,  and  Bois  punais,  bug- wood,  are  from  the  strong  and  un-  ■ 

Sleasant  smell  of  the  bark  and  leaves :  and  also  because  a  decoction  of  them  forms  a  wash  to 
estroy  bugs.    Rother  Hartrlegel  signines  red  hard  rail,  or  red  hard  wood. 
Engravtngi,    Eng.  Hot.,  t.  249. ;  Fl.  Dan.,t  481. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  2.  t.  44. ;  and  ottr>^.  918. 

Spec,  Char,y  Sfc.  Bracteas  straight.  Leaves  ovate,  acute, 
smooth  and  green  on  both  surfaces.  Corymbs  flat. 
Branches  of  a  dark  red  when  full  grown.  Leaves  2 
to  3  in.  long.  Flowers  greenish  white,  unpleasantly 
scented.    Petals  revolute  at  the  sides.     Fruit  dark 

>urple,  and  '^eiy  bitter.  (Don's  Mill,)    A  large  shrub. 

"lurope  and  the  North  of  Africa,  in  hedges  and  thickets, 
especially  on  a  chalk  and  limestone  soil ;  plentiful  in 
Britain,  in  like  situations  ;  and  also  said  to  grow  in 
North  America,  near  the  lakes  of  Canada  and  near 
New  York;  but  it  has  probably  been  introduced 
there.  Height  4  ft.  to  15  tt.  Flowers  white ;  June. 
Fruit  dark  purple;  ripe  in  August  and  September. 
Decaying  leaves  deep  red.    Naked  young  wood  green. 

Varieties, 

*  C.  «.  2  P&rshii  Don's  Mill.  3.  p.  399. ;  C.  sangulnea  Pursh^  Schmuii 

Baum.  2.  t.  66. ;  has  the  flowers  with  yellow  anthere,  and  the 
berries  a  dark  brown.  Lakes  of  Canada,  and  near  New  York ;  and 
only  differs  from  the  C  sanguinea  of  Europe  in  having  the  leaves 
pubescent,  and  in  being  of  larger  stature. 

•  C.  s,  Sfdias  variegdtis  Lodd.  Cat.  has  the  leaves  variegated  with  white 

and  yellow,  and  occasional  streaks  of  red.  A  plant  lately  received 
into  Messrs.  Loddiges's  collection,  named  C.  candidissima  fol.  var., 
appears,  from  the  leaves,  to  be  identical  with  this  variety.  C.  caol 
didissinia,  in  the  same  collection,  appears  from  its  leaves  to  be 
nothing  more  than  C,  sanguinea. 

One  of  the  commonest  shrubs  in  old  shrubberies  ;  and  easily  known  fiom 
all  the  other  kinds  of  C6mus  by  the  abundance  of  its  dark  purple  fruit,  and 
the  intensely  dark  red  of  its  leaves  before  they  drop  oflTia  autumn.  It  is  from 
this  last  circumstance,  we  suppose,  that  the  specific  name  of  sangufnea  has 
been  given  to  it,  though  it  is  much  more  obviously  applicable  to  C.  41ba,  on 
account  of  the  redness  of  its  shoots.    C.  purpiirea  would  be  a  much  better 


£i 


xxxv'iii.  c'orna'cea:  co'rnus.  503 

name  aa  contrasted  with  C.  kVaa,  both  namei  applying  to  the  (hiit.  The  wood, 
which  is  hard,  though  not  nearW  ao  much  so  as  that  of  Cdmiis  luii,  was 
formerly  used  for  mUl-cogs,  tiad  for  various  purposes  in  rustic  carpentry;  end 
it  still  makes  excellent  skewers  for  butchers,  toothpicks,  and  similar  articles. 
The  bark  tastes  like  apples. 

»  3.  C.  a'lba  L.     The  white-/Tiieii  Dogwood. 

t-,  Ik  40. ;  Don's  MILL.,  ft.  p.  399. 

n  Vida.  n.  Bbt.  Amtr.  \.f.  IDS.  i  C.  ULkrlca  Hill.  lent.  t.  104. 

Spec.  Char^  ^c.  Branches  recurved.  Brancblets 
glabrous.  Leaves  ovate,  acute,  pubescent,  hoary 
beneath.  Corj'mbs  depressed.  Branches  of  u 
fine  red  colour.  Fruit  white,  or  bluish  white. 
{Drnfi  MU.)  A  large  shrub.  Siberia,  at  the 
rivers   Oby   and   Irtyach,  among   bushes,   &c. ; 

North  America,  from  Virginia  lo  Canada,  on  the  > 

banks  of  rivers  and  lakes  i  and  also  in  North 
Caliromio.  Height  4  ft.  to  10  ft.  InUwIuced  in 
1741.  Flowers  white;  May  to  July.  Fruit 
white  or  bluish  white  ;  ripe  in  September.  De- 
caying leaves  red  or  reddish  yellow.  Naked 
joung  wood  intensely  red  or  coral  colour. 
Varietitt. 

m  C.a.2  cirdndln  Don's  Mill.  iii.  p.  399.,  C.  ,„    ^  ut^^  * 

Cirdnata  Cham,  et  Schlccht.  in  Lnnaa  iiL 

p.  139.,  has  the  berries  of  a  lead  colour.     Throughout  Canada,  and 

from  Lake  Huron  to  lat.  69°  n. 
■  C.  a.  3  iMHca   Lodd.  Cat.,  ed.  1836,  has  the  shoots  of  a  Rne  orange 

red,  covered  with  a  delicate  bloom.     It  makes  a  splendid  appearance 

Interesting  in  summer,  from  its  Goe  large  leaves  and  white  flowers  j  in  au- 
tumn, from  its  while  fruit,  which  are  about  the  size  and  colour  of  those  of  the 
miatletoe ;  and  in  ^e  winter  and  spring,  from  the  fine  red  of  its  young  shoots. 

■  4.  C.  fa.)  sTRi'cTA  Lam.     The  atraight-ininci«d  Dogwood. 


but  ndt  orLuD. 


t£^:«Mui«.» 


fastigiate.  Leaves  ovate,  acuminated, 
glabrous,  green  on  both  surraccs ;  , 
when  young,  hardly  pubescent  be- 
neath. Coiymb*  convex,  somewhat , 
panicled.  Branches  reddish  brown. 
Anthers  blue.  Pones  globose,  eofl, 
blue  on  the  outside,  but  white  in- 
side, (Don't  Mill.)  An  upright  shrub. 
North  America, from  Carolina  to  Ca- 
nada, rre()uent  on  the  banks  of  rivers ; 
also  in  Mexico,  beiwccn  Tumpico  and 
Real  del  Monte.  Height  6  ft.  to  10  ft. 
rarely  soft  Introd.  1738.  Flowers 
white;  June  and  July.  Fruit  blue 
without  and  white  within;  ripe  in  «ib.  c  i>iui 
October.  Decaying;  leaves  reddish 
green.     Naked  young  wood  green,  or  rusty  green. 


ARBOEtETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITAKNICUM. 


t  C.  (a.)  1.  2  atperifolia,  C.  asperilolia  Lodd.  Col.  ed.  1836,  if  not  idea. 
tical  with  the  fljiecLea,  difiers  from  it  but  very  slightly. 

t  C.  (o.)  (.  3  aetapervireiu,  C.  aempcrvirena  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836,  closeljr 
resembles  the  spccjcn,  but  diflere  from  it  in  retaining  Its  leaves  through- 
out a  pan  of  tiie  vinter. 

'ta  VHiril.     The  \w\\c\tA-fiowi:ring  Dogwood. 

.ID.t-Vi  Doi|-|MJIl.,3.p.I9»- 

A.  I.  p.  1 16. 1  C.  rv'mlna  IdllL  Did.  Kd.  4.  i  C.  dtilBUi  Ban. 

Ei^iracfnti.    Schmidt  fiiuiD.,  3.  t.S8. ;  ud  ourj^.  3IT. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^-r.  Branches  erect.  Leaves  ovate, 
ocuminuted,  glabrous,  hoaiy  beneath.  Corymb 
thyrsoid.  Ovarium  silky.  Branches  pale  pur- 
plish. Pomes  roundish,  depressed,  watery, 
white,  3  lines  In  diameter.  The  dots  on  the 
under  side  of  the  leaves,  which  are  only  seen 
through  a  lens,  l>ear  bicuspidute  short,  ndprcssed 
hairs.  Tube  of  calyx  pubescent  (Uoa't  Mill.) 
A  large  shrub.     Canada  to  Carolina,  in  swamps 

and  near  rivulets,  amon^  other  bushes.     Height  ' 

4  ft.  to  0  ft.  in  America ;  20  ft.  to  36  (t.  in  cultiva- 
tion. Introduced  in  iliS.  Flowerswhite  j  July 
and  August.  Fruit  white  j  ripe  in  October.  De- 
caying leaves  reddish  browu.  Naked  young  wood 
purplish. 

Farietici, 

M  C.  p.  2  albida  Ehrh.  Beitr.   iv.  p.  16.— 

Leaves  elliptic-lanceolate. 
•  C.  p.  3  radidla   Pursh  Fl.  Amer.   Sept.  i. 
p.  109.  —  Corymbs  sterile,  folilferoua. 


Umffiealla:    L' 


i.    C.(A.)S 

Icrit.  Com..  N 
ti»liitH  Mirhi 


K  L'Hhit.     The  silky  Dogwood. 


but  Dot  or  Gmcir' 

E^gratftti.    Schmidt  Bmihi.,  a  t. «. ;  nod  ourjjj.  <m. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^r.  Droncliea  Npreading. 
Branch  lets  woolly.  Leaves  ovate, 
acuminated,  clothed  with  rusty  pubes- 
cence beneath.  Corymbs  depressed, 
woolly.  PomcB  bright  blue.  Nut 
compressed.  (Doti'i  Mill.)  A  large 
shrub.  Canada  to  Carolina,  in  swampy 
woods  and  on  river  banks.      Height 

'5ft.  to  8  ft.  Introduced  in  1683, 
Flower.i  white!  JuneandJuly.  Fruit 
bright  blue;  ripe  in  October.  Decay- 
ing leaves  rusty  brown.  Naked  young 
wood  brown  and  green. 

•  C.  (a.)  t.  2  obba^JOlia  Dec.  Prod. 

■  '.p.  272.,  C.  oblongifotia     RafiininlM..  has  leaves  oblong  and 


glabrous  above. 
This  sort  is  very  distinct  from  the  ti.„  ,, 

n  general  appearance,  to  C.  *lba  than  they  d.  _        _         „     

imaller  in  oU  lU  parts  than  that  species.     The  two  preceding  aom,  c!  (.,.) 


>o  preceding  ones,  and  comes  nearer, 
'.y  do  i  but  it  is  a  weaker  plant,  ■   ' 


xxxviii.     corna'ce*:  co'rnus.  S05 

jtrirta  and  C.  (b.)  paniculata,  have  much  imrrower  leaves,  and  a  more  compact 
taitigiate  habit  of  growth,  tKan  any  other  species  or  viiriciy  of  the  genus.  C. 
(a.)  paniculata  in  the  handsomest  of  the  three  sorts  for  a  small  gartfen,  as  it  is 
easily  kept  of  a  small  siie,  and  in  a  neat  shape,  and  it  flowers  profusely. 

'  7.  C.  (a.)  cikcina^a  L'HhU.     The  rounded-fcmmi  Dogwood. 
WnwiKnUAw,    L'Htrlt  Com.,  p.  T.  (Jo.  *.  I.  s. ,  Dob*  Mill..  J.  p.  S99. 


^c.  Char.,  (Jp,  Branches  warted.  Leaves 
broadly  oval,  acuminaied,  clothed  with  hoary 
tomentum  beneath.  Corvmbs  depressed, 
spreading.  Branehea  slightly  tinged  with 
red.  Leaves  broad,  waved  on  their  eJges. 
Flowers  white,  as  in  most  of  the  species. 
Pomes  globose,  at  first  blue,  but  at  lenf-th 
becoming  white.  (Don't  MUl.)  A  la:^  shrab. 
North  America,  from  Canada  to  Virginia,  on 
the  banks  of  rivers  ;  and  probably  of  Cali- 
fornia.     Height   6  ft.  to  10ft.     Introduced 


^crs  white ;  June  and  July.  / 
lite:? 


Fruit  at  first  blue,  and  then  tumbg  white  j  ' 

ripe  in   October,       Decaying   leave*    rusty 

brown.     Naked   young  wood  green,   tinged   with   rej, 

e,  by  its  broader  leaves,  and  it 

I   Wail.     The  oblong-Zeocnf  Dogwood, 

id.,  '■?■«»  i  Dun'i  Mill.,  1,  p.  IM 
ittmtmg.    6<aAi.  WO.  (rnin  >  ipecllDCD  !□  Dr.  Lindlej'i  berliMliim. 

Spec,  char,,  !fc.  Leaves  oblong,  acuminated, 
acute  at  the  base,  glaucous,  and  rather  sca- 
brous beneath,  with  many  excavated  glands 
along  the  axils  of  the  ribs  and  nerves.  Co- 
rymb spreading,  panicled.  Young  shoots 
clothed  with  short  adpressed  hair.  Leaves 
4in.  to6in,long,  and  1  in,  to  IJin.  broad. 
Petioles  about  an  inch  long.  Flowers  white 
or  pale  purplish,  fragrant.  Calyx  clothed 
with  adpressed  silvery  heirs,  as  well  as  the 
pedicels  and  petals.  Ovarium  S-celled,  Pome  ovat&oblong,  (Don't  Miil.) 
A  large  shrub.  Nepal,  about  Narainhetty,  Katmandu,  and  the  Valley  of 
Dhnnr      W^\<A,i  irt  ft   to  15  ft     Introduced  in   1818.    Flowers  while  or 

§  ii.  Involacrdta  Dec. 


Snt.  elm-.  Flowers  disposed  in  heads  or  umbels,  surrounded  by  coloured 
involucres,  which  are  usually  composed  of  4  leaves.  {Dec.  Pnd.)  Trees, 
with  yellow  lunbelled  flowers, 

?  9.  C.  ma's  L.     The  male  Dt^wood,  the  Cornel,  or  Cornelian  Cherry  Tree. 
tfrmt»aU-m.    Lin.  So.,  III. ;  Don'.  Mill.,  J.  ji  »oo,  -,  Lodd.  CM..  *d.  lUfi. 
Si/myma     CrnttculifHATl.  Co™,  No.  <.j    Long  Cbtirj  T™  ;  Cora«ll«  i  CornoiUllE,  milt. 

Cona.  Comilln,  n-.  ;  Komcl  KliKhe  Hirltlcsil.  Qtr.  ;  CotbudIo.  tut 
'"'^^^JS^  Si^  "'  °^  hM  b™  tppllod  to  M,  .p«l«  ilu.  til.  du.  of  Tb«thntti» ,  )B 

•U  probibilUr.  twaue  jomi  plnli  at  buTa  tat  dudj  jttri  itXttatf  ibov  Oowtri  ■  lltni 


506 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


flowers  being  furnished  with  sUmens  00I7.    For  an  opposite  reeson,  the  neme  of  C6mus  fioi'iniDa 
was  given  to  C.  sangulnea.  (See  p.  S02.)    The  name  of  Cornelian  Cherry  relates  to  the  benitifti] 
colour  of  the  fruit,  which  resembles  that  of  a  cornelian. 
Engravings.    Black.,  t  ISl. ;  the  pUte  in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  toI.  ti.  ;  and  omJlg$.  981.aiid  9». 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.    Branches  smoothish.     Leaves  oval, 
acuminated,   rather   pubescent    on    both   surfaces. 
Flowers  protruded  before  the  leaves.    Umbels  about 
equal  in  length  to  the  4-leaved  involucre.    Flowers 
yellow.    Fruit  elliptic,  of  a  bright  shining  scarlet  co- 
lour, the  size  and  form  of  a  smsdl  olive  or  acorn,  v^y      .    < 
styptic  in  its  immature  state.  (Don*s  Mill,)   A  large  ^ra^ 
shrub  or  low  tree.    Europe,  Britain  excepted,  and    *^T* 
in  the  North  of  Asia,  in  hedges  and  among  bushes.      I 
Height  12  ft.  to  20  ft.     Introduced  in  1596.    Flow- 
ers yellow  ;   February  to   April.     Fruit  cornelian- 
coloured  ;  ripe  in  October  and  November.    Decay- 
ing leaves  reddish  green.     Naked  young  wood  brownish 

VarieHet, 

X  C.  m.  2jructu  cercB  coloris  N.  Du  Ham.  ii.  p.  162.  has  the  fruit  of  a 

wax  colour. 
Y  C.  m.  3  varieg^ut  has  the  leaves  edged  with  white  or  yellow. 


9tl.      CtfRUM 


The  wood  has  been,  in  all  ages,  celebrated  for  its  hardness  and  durability , 
and  it  is  at  the  same  time  tough  and  flexible.  In  a  dry  state,  it  weighs  69  lb. 
5  oz.  to  the  cubic  foot.  The  small  branches  are  said  to  make  the  most  durable 
spokes  for  ladders ;  wooden  forks  for  turning  the  grain  on  bam  floors,  and  for 
making  hay  ;  hoops,  butchers*  skewers,  and  toothpicks.  The  wooden  forks 
are  made  by  selecting  branches  which  divide  into  three  near  the  extremity ; 
and,  after  cutting  the  branch  to  a  proper  length,  which  is  commonly  about  5 
or  6  feet,  the  bark  is  taken  ofi^,  and  ttie  three  branches  which  are  to  form  the 

{irongs  are  bent  so  as  to  form  a  triangle,  like  the  wooden  com  forks  of  Hng. 
and.  In  this  state  they  are  put  into  a  hot  oven,  where  they  are  kept  till  they 
are  hardened,  so  as  to  retain  the  shape  given  to  them.  Similar  hay  and  straw- 
forks  are  made  of  the  nettle  tree  in  France,  and  of  the  willow  in  various  parts 
-if  England,  by  the  same  procedure.  The  fmit,  when  thoroughly  ripe,  is  some- 


xxxviii.    cokva'cem:  benthaW^.  507 

what  sweet,  and  not  disagreeable  to  eat ;  and,  on  the  Continent,  it  is  frequently 
used  in  confectionery,  and  for  making  marmalades.  As  an  ornamental  tree, 
the  cornel  is  valuable,  not  only  on  account  of  its  early  flowering,  and  the  fine 
display  made  by  its  ripe  ihiit,  but  because  it  is  a  low  tree,  never  growing  out 
of  bounds,  and  one  which,  after  it  has  attained  the  height  of  10  or  12  feet,  is 
of  slow  growth,  and  of  very  great  duration.  For  these  last  reasons,  it  is  par- 
ticularly suitable  for  small  suburban  gardens,  in  which  it  will  form  a  fit  associate 
for  small  trees  of  CYatse^gus,  Berbens,  iZhamnus,  £u45nymus,  ^amamelis,  &c. 
Seeds ;  but  layers  or  suckers  come  much  sooner  into  a  flowering  state.  There 
are  remarkably  fine  specimens  of  this  tree  in  the  old  French  gardens  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Paris,  and  also  in  the  old  gardens  of  Germany. 

S  10.  C  FLo'^RiDA  L,    The  Florida  Dogwood. 

Idem^laUion.    Lin.  Sp.,  1661. ;  Don'i  HllL.  8.  p.  400. 

^mofmgfme,    VirginlBn  Dogwood. 

£mgra9img9.    Bot.  Hag.,  t.  596. ;  Schnridt  Baam.,  S.  t  K. ;  and  our/lg.  MS. 

Spec,  Char.,  8fc.  Branches  shining.  Leaves  ovate,  acuminated,  pale  beneath, 
beset  with  adpressed  hairs  on  both  surfaces.  Flowers  umbeUate,  pro- 
truded after  the  leaves.  Leaves  of  involucre  large,  roundish,  retuse, 
or  nearly  obcordate.  Pomes  ovate.  Leaves  of  involucre  white.  Flow- 
ers greenish  yellow,  and  very  large.  Pomes  scarlet,  about  half  the  size  of 
those  of  C.  mas ;  ripe  in  August.  (Don^t  Mil/,)  A  large  shrub  or  low 
tree.  Carolina  to  Canada,  in  woods ;  and  on  the 
banks  of  the  Columbia,  near  its  confluence  with 
the  sea.  Height  20  ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in 
1731.  Flowers  large,  yellowish  white ;  April 
and  May.  Fruit  scarlet ;  ripe  in  August.  De- 
caying leaves  yellowish  green.  Naked  young 
wood  brownish  green. 

Comus  fl6rida  is  universally  allowed  to  be  the 
handsomest  species  of  the  genus.  It  thrives  best  in 
a  peat  soil,  which  must  be  kept  moist ;  and  the 
situation  should  be  sheltered,  though  the  foliage  of 
the  plants  must  be  fully  exposed  to  the  influence  of 
the  sun,  otherwise  they  will  not  flower.  Cuttings 
or  layers,  both  of  which  readily  strike  root.  sssi  c.mmm. 

C6mu$  grdndit  Schlect.  A  small  tree  or  shrub.  Chico,  in  ravines.  Intro- 
dnced  in  1838  by  Hartweg,  and  probably  hardy.  **  It  has  a  beautifiil  foliage ;  the 
leaves  being  from  3  in.  to  5  in.  long,  smooth  and  deep  green  above,  hoary  with 
down  on  the  under  side."  The  flowers  are  in  small  heads,  and  the  firuit  as  large 
as  a  sloe,  and  purplish  black,  covered  with  bloom.  (Bot.  Reg,  Ckron.,  183.9.) 

C.  offidndRs,  a  native  of  Japan,  is  figused  by  Sieboldt  (t.  50.),  and  will  pro- 
bably prove  hardy. 

Genus IL 


a 


BENTHA^M/il  LindL    The  Bbnthamia.    Xtn.  Siftt.  Tetr^ndria 

Monog;^nia. 

Idemificaaon,   Lbidl.  in  Bot.  Reg.,  1. 1579. 
Smtoi^fme.  Cteniu  sp.  WaU,^  Dec^  and  G.  Don. 

Dcrtvation,    Named  In  honour  of  George  Bentham,  Em.,  F.L.S.,  Secretary  to  the  Horttcultural 
Society ;  and  nephew  of  the  celebrated  moralist  and  Junat,  Jeremy  Bentham. 

Gen.  Char,  liowers  disposed  in  heads,  each  head  attended  by  an  involucre 
which  consists  of  4  petal-like  parts,  and  resembles  a  corolla.  Calyx  with  a 
minute  4-toothed  limb.  Pettdt  4,  fleshy,  wedge-shaped.  Stamens  4.  Style 
1.  PVtaf  constitutiid  of  many  pomes  grown  together  ;  endocarp  in  each 
pome  with  2  cells.     Seedt  solitary  and  pendulous  in  each  cell.  {LindL) 


308 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  sub-evergreen  :  entire.  Flowers  large, 
white.  —  A  large  snrub  or  low  tree.     Himalayas.    Culture  as  in  Com  us. 

1^  1.  B.  FRAGi^FERA  Lindl,     The  Strawberry-bearing  Benthaiuia. 


Hort.  TraiM.,  9d  series,  1.  p.  4S8.;  Lindl.  In  Bot  Rm.,  1. 1579. 
C.  capitkta  WaU.  in  Roxb.  Fl.  Ind.  1.  p.  434.,   Don't  Mill.  3.  p.  S99. 


IdentfficaHon, 

Nepal ;  Bhamowro,  in  Serampore. 
Engraoingt.    Bot.  Reg.,  L  1579. ;  Hort  Trans.,  9d  series,  1. 1.  17 


Chong-wa. « 


and  our  /Ig.  994. 


Spec,  C/iar.,  Sfc»  Branches  spreading,  smooth. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  acuminated  at  both  ends,  on 
short  petioles,  rather  rough  with  small  ad- 
pressed  down.  Flowers  sessile,  densely  aggre- 
gate, forming  a  round  head  girded  by  a  4rleaved 
scabrous  involucrum.  (Don*s  Mill.)  A  large 
sub-everereen  shrub  or  low  tree.  Nepal,  in 
GoBsainthan.  Height  10  ft.  to  15.  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1825.  Flowers  large,  yellowish  white ; 
June.  Fruit  large,  about  the  size  of  that  of  the 
common  arbutus,  reddish ;  ripe  in  October ; 
yellowish  white  within,  not  unpleasant  to  eat 
Voung  shoots  whitish  green. 

Rather  tender  in  the  climate  of  London,  though 
it  forms  a  fine  evergreen  in  some  parts  of  Cornwall :  perhaps  it  might  be  ren- 
dered hardier  by  grading  it  on  C6mus  sangulnea.  Readily  propagated  either 
from  seeds  or  cuttings,  and  of  easy  culture  in  loamy  soil,  kept  moist. 

Betithamm  japonica  is  figured  by  Sieboldt  (t.  16.),  and  is  probably  hardy. 


9ii.    B.  frasif<ira. 


Order  XXXIX.    LOBANTHAXEiE. 

Ord,  Char,  Calyx  calyculate,  entire  or  lobed.  Petals  4—8,  distinct  or  co- 
hering ;  sstivation  valvate.  Stamens  4 — 8,  opposite  the  petals,  or  more  or 
less  adnate  to  them.  Style  absent  or  present.  Stigma  capitate.  Berry 
1 -celled,  1 -seeded,  crowned  by  the  calyx.  Albumen  fleshy.  Flowers  gene- 
rally unisexual  The  habit,  and  the  stamens  being  opposite  the  petals, 
distinguish  this  from  Caprifoliaces  and  Cornaces.  (G.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  entire.     Flowers  small, 
whitish,  or  purplish. — Shrubs,  parasitical  or  terrestrial.    Europe  and  Japan. 

The  hardy  ligneous  plants  are  included  in  the  genera  fiscum,  Loranthus, 
and  Aucuba, 

Fi'^scuM  Zr.  Flowers  dioecious  or  monoecious.  Margin  of  the  calyx  ob- 
solete. Petals  usually  4,  connected  at  the  base  in  the  male  flowers,  but  free 
in  the  female.    Berry  globular,  viscid,  of  1  cell. 

'LoRA^NTHUS  L.  Flowers  dioecious  or  hermaphrodite.  Margin  of  calyx 
entire.     Petals  5 — 6,  linear,  reflexed. 

AlfcUBA  Thunb.  Flowers  dioecious.  Calyx  5-toothed.  Petals  4,  ovate 
lanceolate.    Fruit  fleshy,  1-seeded. 


Genus  I. 


□ 


rrSCUM  L.    Thr  Mistletoe.    Lin.  Sytt.  Moms'da,  or  IXoe'cia, 

Tetr&ndria. 

Ideniifieaiion.    Toum.  Inst.,  p.  G09. ;  D«c  Prod.,  4.  p.  377. ;  Don'e  Mill.**!,  p.  401 


XXXIX.    LORANTHA^'CEA  :    Fl'sCUM.  509 

■ 

Sffnonymet.    Mineldlne,  Qui,  or  Guy,  Pr. ;  Mlitl,  or  Sfiitel,  Ger. ;  Vbco,  or  Vischlo,  IttU.  \  Lega- 

modoga.  Span. 
DerwattoH.    Vtaetu^  or  viscmm,  \%  the  Latin  for  birdlime,  which  is  made  from  the  berries ;  and 

Mistletoe  is  by  some  supposed  to  be  derived  flrom  mist,  tne  German  word  for  dung,  or  slimy  dirt, 

and  \)if  others  from  rm'steUa.,  the  Saxon  name  for  the  plant 

Gen.  Char,  Calyx  a  slight  border  in  the  male  flowers,  more  evident  in  the 
female.  Corolla  in  the  male  flowers  gamopetalous,  in  4  deep,  ovate,  acute, 
equal  divisions ;  in  the  female  flower  of  4  ovate,  equal,  deciduous  petals. 
Anthers  in  the  female  flowers  none;  in  the  male  flower  4,  compressed.  Ova^ 
rhan  ovate.     Stigma  sessile.    Berry  globular.  {Don't  Mill.) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  rarely  alternate^  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  undi- 
vided, entire,  rigid.  Flowers  in  fascicles  or  spikes,  greenish.  Berries  white. 
— An  evergreen  shrub,  parasitical  on  trees.    Europe;  in  Britain,  England. 

£  I.  V,  a'^lbum  L,    The  white-fiidted,  or  common.  Mistletoe. 

JdentifiaUufn.    Liu.  Sp.,  1451. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  4.  p.  277. ;  Don's  Mill.,  8._p.403. 
£mgravings.    N.  Du  Ham.,  1.  t.  115. ;  Eng.  Bot.,  t.  1470. ;  Baxt.  Brit  Pi.,  t  40. ;  and  our  flg.  925., 
which  exhibits  a  portion  of  a  male  plant,  marked  m,  and  of  a  female  plant  in  fl'uit,  marked/. 

Spec,  Char,f  S^c.  Stem  much  branched,  forked;  with  sessile  intermediate 
heads,  of  about  5  flowers.  Branches  terete.  Leaves  obovate>lanceolate, 
obtuse,  nerveless.  (Don's  J\Iill.)  A  parasitical  shrub,  forming  a  confused 
tuft  of  branches  with  a  yellowish  green  aspect.  Europe  and  England,  on 
trunks  and  branches  of  trees,  most  frequent  on  i?osacese.  Height  2  ft.  to 
3  ft.    Flowers  greenish  yellow ;  May.    Berry  white ;   ripe  in  December. 

The  leaves  vary  considerably  in  different  plants,  as  may 
be  seen  in  Jig.  926.,  which  contains  engravings  of  three 
different  specimens.  The  durability  of  the  plant  is  very 
great ;  for,  when  once  established  on  a  tree,  it  is  seldom 
known  to  cease  growing  while  the  tree  is  in  life  ;  but, 
when  it  dies,  or  the  branch  on  which  it  is  rooted  decays, 
or  becomes  diseased,  the  death  of  the  mistletoe  imme- 
diately foUows.  The  trees  on  which  the  mistletoe 
grows  belong  to  various  natural  orders ;  and,  indeed,  it 
would  be  difficult  to  say  on  what  dicotyledonous  trees 
it  will  not  grow.  In  England,  it  is  found  on  Tlliacea,  ^'  ^•^''"^' 
AccrkcesR,  i^osaceae,  Cupulifers,  ^alicaccse,  Oleacese,  and,  we  believe,  also 
on  Conlferae.  It  is  found  on  the  oak  at  Eastnor  Castle  (see  Gard. 
Mag,,  vol.  xiii.  p.  206.)  ;  and  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Magdeburg  we  saw 
it  growing  in  immense  quantities  on  Pinus  s^lvestris  in  1814.  In  France,  it 
grows  on  trees  of  all  the  natural  orders  mentioned,  but  least  frequently  on  the 
oak.  It  does  not  grow  on  the  olive  in  France,  though  it  abounds  on  the 
almond.  In  Spain,  it  grows  on  the  olive ;  as  it  does  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Jerusalem ;  and,  in  the  latter  locality,  is  found  the  variety  with  red  fruit, 
which  is  perhaps  a  Lor&nthus. 

The  mistletoe  is  propagated  by  the  berries  being,  by  some  means  or  other, 
made  to  adhere  to  tne  bark  of  a  living  tree.  The  common  agency  by 
which  this  is  effected  is  supposed  to  be  that  of  birds ;  and  more  especially 
of  the  missel  thrush,  which,  after  having  satisiied  itself  by  eating  tiie  berries, 
wipes  off  such  of  them  as  may  adhere  to  the  outer  part  of  its  beak,  by  rubbing 
it  against  the  branch  of  the  tree  on  which  it  has  alighted ;  and  some  of  the 
seeds  are  thus  left  sticking  to  the  bark.  If  the  bark  should  be  smooth,  and  not 
much  indurated,  the  seeds  will  germinate,  and  root  into  it  the  following  spring ; 
that  is,  supposing  them  to  have  been  properly  fecundated  b,v  the  proximity 
of  a  male  plant  to  the  female  one  which  produced  them.  The  first  indication 
of  germination  is  the  appearance  of  one  or  more  radicles,  like  the  sucker  of 
a  house  fly,  but  larger ;  as  at  &  t,  in  Jig.  926.,  which  are  front  views,  and  at 
k  I  m  the  same  figure,  which  are  side  views,  taken  from  mistletoe  berries, 
which  were  stuck  on  the  upright  trunk  of  a  cherry  tree  in  '  our  garden  at 
Bayswater,  in  March,  1836,  and  germinated  there,  as  they  appeared  on  the 
20th  of  May  of  the  same  year.  When  the  white,  viscous,  pulpy  matter  of  the 
mistletoe  berry  is  removed,  the  kernel,  or  seed,  appears  of  a  greenish  colour,  and 


510 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


flat ;  sometimes  oval, 
at  other  times  triangu- 
lar, and  at  other  times 
of  various  forms.  In^. 
926.,  a  is  the  male  blos- 
som magnified;  6,  the  fe- 
male blossom  magnified ; 
d,  a  berry  cut  through, 
transversely;  e^  a  seed 
divided  vertically,  show- 
ing the  two  embryos ;  g, 
the  embryo  magnified  ; 
A,  the  two  embryos,  with 
the  two  radicles  germi- 
nating ;  iy  a  single  radi- 
cle ;  kf  a  side  view,  or 
section,  of  the  two  radi- 
cles; and  /,  a  side  view, 
or  section,  of  the  single 
radicle.  Our  mistletoes, 
at  Bayswater,  are  now 
(Aug.  1840)  from  4  in. 
to  Sin.  in  length,  with 
4  or  5  pairs  of  leaves, 
afler  having  been  four 
years  sown.  Mr.  Moss,  a 
nurseryman  at  Malvern, 
has  succeeded  in  grafting  the  mistletoe  standard  high  on  young  apple  and 
pear  trees,  and  also  on  poplars  and  willows.  The  grans  should  be  made  in  the 
first  or  second  week  in  May  ;  and  they  should  never  be  lower  than  5  ft.  fit>ni 
the  ground,  or  higher  than  10  ft.  Where  the  stock  is  not  more  than  \  in.  in 
diameter,  an  incision  is  made  in  the  bark,  into  which  a  scion  of  mistletoe, 
pared  thin,  is  inserted,  having  a  bud  and  a  leaf  at  the  upper  end.  In  grafting 
longer  pieces,  a  notch  should  be  cut  out  of  the  stocK  ;  an  incision  made 
below  the  notch  ;  and  a  shoulder  left  on  the  scion  to  rest  on  the  notch,  in  the 
manner  of  crown  grafting.  In  every  case,  there  must  be  a  joint  on  the  lower 
extremity  of  the  scion.  The  mistletoe  may  also  be  propagated  by  budding, 
taking  care  to  have  a  heel  of  wood  and  a  joint  at  the  lower  extremity  of  the 
bud.  (See  Gard,  Mag,,  vol.  xiii.  pp.  206.  and  285.) 


•26.    r.UbOMU. 


Genus  11. 


□ 

LORA'NTHUS  L.    Thb  Loranthus.    Lin.  Sytt.  Pentahex4ndria  Mono- 

gi^nia. 

IdefOyicatton.    Lla  Spm  167S. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  4.  p.  671.:  Don's  MOL,  3.  p.  409l 
DerivatUm.    From  iorum^  a  lash  made  of  leather,  aiM  ati/Aos,  a  flower  ;  alluding  to  the  long  linear 
shape  and  leathery  substance  of  the  petals. 

Gen.  Char,  Flowers  dioecious  or  hermaphrodite.  Cali/x  cup-shaped,  adnate, 
with  an  entire  border.  Petalt  5 — 6,  linear,  reflexed.  Stamens  inserted  into 
the  middle  of  the  petals.  Filaments  short.  Anthers ^ohohe.  Style  thickisb. 
Stigma  simple.    Berrtf  globose,  1 -celled,  1 -seeded.  {Don^s  Mill,) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite  or  nearly  so,  ex  stipulate,  evergreen  ;  entire, 
rigid.  Flowers  in  spikes,  axillary  aud  terminal.  —  An  evergreen  shrub, 
parasitical  on  trees ;  native  of  Austria. 


XXXIX.    LORANTUA^CEA :    AlfCVBA. 

£  \.  h.  EVKOp«'us  L.     Tbe  Eiin^>ean  Loranthiu. 

UrwigkaMttt.    Lin.  Sp^ieil.:  Jko.  Fl.Aiutr..t3l).;  Doo'i  H11L..1.P.MS. 
Emtrarlmel.    Jacq.  I.  c  1  ooT^' »»■<  •»>  oi»  A- «M.  g(  tha  Hluna  >(>■ 


Spec.  Char.,  S[c.  PloDt  glabrous, 
much  branched.  Branches  te- 
rete. Leave*  opposite,  petioUte, , 

OTal-oblong.  Racemes  terminal, 

simple.  Flowers  ditecioua,  of  6  petals.  (DotCi  Mill.')  An  evergreen  panuitical 

shrub,  vith  the  habit  of   Hscum  ilbum.    Austria,  Hungary,   Italy,  and 

Upper  Siberia,  on  oak  and  soeet  chestnut  trees.      Height  S  ft.  to  3  ft> 

Introduced  in  1830.    Flowers  greenish ;  May.    Berries  oval,  white  or  yel- 

loirish  ;  ripe  in  December, 

Berries  of  thisplant  were  recdved  from  M.  Charles  Raucb  of  Vienna,  by 

bis  brother,  M.  Francis  Ranch,  and  sown  on  trees  in  the  Horticultural  So- 

dety's  Garden,  and  also  in  our  earden,  at  Bayswster,  m  January,   1830, 

though  they  have  not  yet  Tcgetated. 


a 


AWCUBA  Thaah.    The  AvcuBi.    Z-in.  ^.  IMa'cia  Tetr&ndiia. 

Gen.  Char.  F/owen  dicecious.  Calvx  closely  adhering,  with  the  margin  a 
little  elevated,  and  4-toothed  ;  teetn  obtuse,  very  short  Fetaii  4,  decjdu* 
ous,  alternating  with  the  calycine  teeth,  inserted  in  the  margin  of  the 
elevated  fleshy  4-angled  disk.  Slament  i.  Ovarium  cylindrical.  Style  very 
short,  thick,  terete.     Berry  fleshy,  l.seeded.  {Don't  Mill.) 

Leanei  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  evergreen;  petiolUe,  coriaceous. 
Flmeen  small,  panicled. 
An  evergreen  shrub  or  low  tree  ;  Japan;  with  dichotomous  or  verticillate 

branchea,  in  the  manner  of  those  of  Lor&ntbus   and   nscum.     The   male 

blos8<HU  is   unknown.     Only  the  female  state  of   this   plant   is   in  British 

gardens. 

a  I.  A.  jafo'mc«   Thunb.    The  Japan  Aucuba. 

Unuglrml.im.    ThDub.  Fl.  Jip.,  p.  St.  i  Dec.  Prod..  4.  p.  174. ;  Don'i  Hia.  i.  p.  4n. 

ttmaifma,    Eabwto  dicbAliHiiDi  Salltk.  Prod.  p.  a.j  ipottHMmnl  Luinl,  ItftD  LiuiKl. 

Ati^^iW.    TbHiH>.ltoo.Fl.J.p..LlI.iDdr3.i  BM-Hif.,!.  Il».-.  HidwA.SM. 


512  AnBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BBITANNICUM. 

Spec.  Char,,  ijr,       Lchtcb     Orale-lan- 

ceolate,  acutninaled,  toothi^d,  cori. 

aceouBidabrous,  shining,  pale  green  i 

beatiti  fully    spotted     with     yellow, 

having  the  midrib  rather  prominent, 

the    rest   of  the    leaf    retlcnlatety 

veined.      Petioles   articulated    witb 

the    branches,   and    dilated   at   the 

liase.  (Don'i  Mill.)     An  evergreen 

shrub.   Japan.   Height  6  ft.  to  lOft^  . 

and  probably  much  higher  in  wann  ^ 

sheltered  liiuBlionn,     Introduced  id 

1763.  Flowersdarkblood-cotoured; 

May  and  July.     Berries  red  ;  ripe 

in  March ;  not  yet  seen  in  England. 

Ai  hardy  as,  or  hardier  than,  the 
common  laurel ;  and,  what  ii   a  very 

valuable  property  in  England, it  wiU  gn.  ■  ^|t-'- 

endure     coal     amoke     better     than 

ahoost  any  other  evergreen.  It  is  readily  pn^Mgeted  by  cutting*;  and 
grows  freely  in  any  soil  tolerably  drj-,  advancing  st^ily  by  shoots  of  from 
6  in.  to  9  in.  long  ever;'  season. 


Order  XL.     CAPRIFOLIA  CE^. 

Obd.  Char.  Calyx  5-lobed.  Corolla  monoi>eta]ous ;  tube  short  ;  limb  5- 
lobeil  i  testivation  valvate.  Slameni  5,  adnate  to  the  corolla,  an<l  alternat- 
ing vfith  its  lobes.  Ovarium  3-celled.  S/i/le  eiserted.  Sligmat  3,  distinct,  or 
combined.  Bern/  pulpy,  rarely  dry,  crowned  by  ihe  calyx,  I  or  miiny  relied- 
■  Seedt  solitary,  twin  or  numerous  in  the  cells.  Albumen  fleshy.  (C  jDon.) 
Leavei  simple,  or  compound,  generally  enstipulate,  deciduous,  or  ever- 
green. Floweri  lerminal,  corymbote,  or  axillary.  —  Shrubs  or  low  trees, 
natives  of  Europe,  North  America,  and  Asia,  which  may  be  arranged   in 

Sect.  1.     5tUBu'cES  Humb.  et  Klh, 
Sect.  Char.   Corolla  monopetaloua,  regular,  rotate,  with  5   s^nients  only 


^jiwnuYus  Toum.  Corolla  rotate,  urceolate.  Berry  roundish,  pulpy,  l-celled, 
3 — I'Seeiled,  hardly  crowned. 

riBu'aKuM  L.  Corolhi  rotate,  subcunpanulate,  and  tubular.  Berry  1- 
seeded,  crowned  by  the  calycine  teeth.  Low  deciduous  trees  or  shniba  ; 
partly  evergreen. 

Sect.  II.    LoNicB'nfjfi  Brown. 
Sect.  Char.     Corolla  monopetalous,  more  or  less  tubular,  usually  insular 
Style  Bliform,  crowned  by  three  distinct  or  concrete  stigmas. 

Dibrvi'll,^  Toum.  Calyi  bibracleate  at  the  base,  5-parted.  Corolla  3-c1eft. 
Capsule  l-celled,  many-scedeil.      A  low  deciduous  shrub. 

LoM  CER.4  Desf.  Tube  of  calyi  S-tootbed.  Corolla  5-parted,  usuallj*  irre- 
gular. Berry  3-ccIled.  Cells  few-seeded.  Deciduous  and  evergreen  shrub*, 
nuuiy  of  them  twiners. 

Svmphorica'kpos  G.Bon.  (Symphoria  Pert.)  Cnlyx  4 — 5-toothed.  Co- 
nilla  almost  regular.  Berry  crowned  by  the  calyx,  4-celled,  two  of  thcni 
empty,  and  the  other  two  containing  I  seed  each      Deciduous  shrubs. 


XL.    CAPRIFOLIA  C££  ;    SAMBVCVS.  513 

Letckstb'r7.<  VhII.  Cal.vxfi-pwted,irTegulv.  Corolla  5-parted.  Benj  &■ 
celled,  crowned  b}*  tbe  calyx.  Cells  manj-seeded.  A  rambling  Kub-erer- 
green  shrub. 


Sect.  I-     5ambu'cejs. 
Gkmub  I. 


E 


5AHBirCU8  Ton,  i.    The  Eldbr.     Imi.  Si/iI.  Pentindris  Trigynia. 
Un/ffleatim.    Toura.  Iii>l.,t7G.j  D«.  Prod.,  4.  p.  131.  (  Don'i  HIlL.l.  p.  4M. 
Umfwtr.    /^rW'l'O* '^w.  Ok*,  p.  JHy  butDOCOf  Lin. 

Gen.  Oar^  ^c.  Calyx  small,  but  divided  into  5  deep  segments,  pennanent. 
Corolla  rotate,  urceular,  5-labed  ;  lobes  obtuse.  Slamem  6,  about  tiie 
length  of  the  corolla.  FilamaUt  awl-shaped.  AntAert  roundisb,  Bud  heart- 
ihaped.  Style  none.  Stigmas  3,  obtuse.  Berry  globular,  puipj,  of  1  cell, 
containing  3 — 5  seeds,  which  are  convex  on  the  outside,  and  angular 
inside.  (Don'i  MiU.) 

Leaver  compound,  opposite,  bistipulate,  deciduoue  ;  Ettlked:  leaflets 
toothed,  pinnate,  or  jagged,  often  biglanduiar  at  the  base.  Floaeri  white 
or  purplish,  in  terminal  c^mes,  which  are  in  some  flat,  and  in  others  th}^rsoid. 
Berhet  purplish,  cathartic. — Those  plants  of  the  genua  which  have  pinnate 
or  jagged  leaflets,  are  not  true  species,  but  only  varieties;  all  the  true  species 
having  only  toothed  leaflets- 
Trees;  low,  deciduous,  natives  of  Europe  and  North  America  ;  ornamental 

for  their  compouDd  leaves,  and  large  terminal  cymet  of  flowers  ;  which  are 

succeeded  \yj  purplish,  red,  white,  or  greea  berries,  from  which  a  wine  is  made. 

All  the  species  are  of  easy  culture,  in  good  soil,  rather  moist  and  loamy ;  and 

tliey  are  all  readily  propi^ted  by  cuttiogt. 

A.  Leavti  fmamte,     PUnorri  cymote  or  corymbtite. 
t   I.  B.  ni'gra  L.     The  commim,  or  Uack/ruifAf,  Elder, 
n.  Sp,,  mt.  I  Don'i  lOlL,  I.  p.  4IT. 


ARBOREIUH    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUH. 


Spire.   Ciar.,    i-c.      Ajtboteona.       Leaves    pinnate.  ^ 
Leaflet*  usually  5,  nmooth,  deep  green,  orate  or  \ 
oblong-oval,  acuminated  ;  the  lower  leaves  Minie- 
timea  triroliolate.      Cjmes  with  5  main  branches. 
Branches,  afler   a  year**   growth,  clothetl   with 
smooth  erejr  bark,  and  hlled  with  a  light  spongy 

Sitb.     Flowers  cream-coloured,  with  a  sweet  but  . 
tint   smell.      Berries   Elobular,   purplish   black,  ^ 
Stalks  reddish.  (ZhmV  Am.)     A  lotr  tree.    Eu- 
rope, and  part  of  Asia,  in  hedges,  coppices,  and 
woods ;  and  plentiful  in  Britain,  in  like  situalioni. 
Height  SO  ft.  to  30  fl.     Flowers  cream-coloured ;  tn.  1.0111. 

June.     Berries  purplish  black;  ripe  in  Septem- 
ber.    Decaying  leaTet  yellowish  green.   Naked  young  wood  wbitish  green. 

I  S.fl.  ttiritctm  Dec.  Prod.  iv.  p.382.;  S.  •mtactxia  Dei/.  Ar&r,  F^.L 
p.  348.  —  Fruit  yellowish  green. 

T  S.  n.  3leiicoc6rpa.  —  Fruit  white. 

S  S.  R.  iladnidlai  S.lBcituiO,  ACii.  Did.  No.!.  (Lob  Icon.,  2.  t.  164. 
r.  8.  ;  and  our  JEg. 
932)  ;  the  ParsFey- 
leaved Elder;  has  the 
leaflets  cut  into  fine 
segment*.  The  hand- 
somest of  all  the  va- 


1  S.n.  5  rohmdifoUa.  —  Leaves  trifoliolate.  Leaflets  petiolate,  roundish, 
serrated.  Corymbs  few-flowered.    Cultivated  in  the  Chelaea  Garden. 
Y  S.  n.  6  ntomlrAia,   S.  monatrdia  Hort.,    has    the   branches    striped. 
Flowers  of  from  5 — 15  parts  ;  and  with  firom  5 — 15  stamens.   Stig- 
mas 5 — 12.     Berries  irregular. 
¥  S.  R.  T/u/iif  arghUeu  (Jig.  933.)  has  the  leaves  variegated  with  white, 

and  forms  a  striking  and  lively-looking  plant  in  a  shrubbery. 
i  S.  n.  SfiliU  liiUit  has  the  leaves  slightly  varit^ated  with  yellow. 
The  elder  is  cultivated  in  some  parts  of  Kent  for  its  fruit,  which  is  much 
in  demand  for  making  elder  wine-  The  flowers  and  bark  are  much  used  by 
berbslistK  ;  and  the  wood  of  old  trunks,  being  very  hard,  is  used  as  a  aubiti- 
tute  for  that  of  box  and  dogwood.  The  young  shootu,  having  large  pith,  sre 
made  into  pop-giina,  and  the  pith  is  used  by_  electricians  in  variouK  experiments. 
The  plant,  both  in  Britain  and  on  the  Continent,  is  sometimes  used  for  forming 
hedees,  and  also  ns  a  nurse  plant  for  plantations  exposed  to  the  sea  breeie. 
In  the  hitter  capacity,  it  has  the  great  advantage  of  growing  rapidlv  the  lirst 
£ve  or  six  years,  and  afterwards  of  being  easily  choked  by  the  trees  It  has 
Dursed  up.  The  elder  will  not  thrive  except  m  a  good  soil,  kept  somewhat 
miMst ;  and  it  will  not  flower  and  fruit  abundantly,  unless  the  utualion  be 


XL.   CAPRIFOLIA  ceje:   ^AHBU  cus.  515 

i^n,  and  (iilly  exposed  to  the  light  and  air.  The  plant  roots  bo  readily  from 
cutungs  aad  truncheon*,  that,  where  the  whI  ig  tolerably  mout,  a  plantBtion 
or  a  hedge  may  be  made  at  once,  by  the  use  of  the  latter,  instead  of  employ- 
ing rooted  plants. 


id  Dur  A-  SM. 

Spec.  Otcr^  tic.     Fnitescent.      Leaves 

pinnate    or    tub-pinnate-       Leaflets 

about    4  pain,    and    an   odd   one ; 

oblong,    oval,    stiffish,     acuminated, 

more    or    less    pubescent    beneath, 

sometimes     appendiculated     at     the 

base.      Cymej  of  5  main  bnmches. 

Flowers   almost   scentless,      Beni«s 

deep  bluuh  black.  (-Dou'i  MiU.)   A 

shrub,  nearly  sufl'ruttcose.   Canada  to 

CaroltDa,  in  swamps  and  near  hedges. 

Height  4(1.  to  eft.     Introduced  in 

1761,      Flowers    white;  July  end 

August    Fruit  bluish  black ;  ripe  in 

Septemb^. 

A  bush,  in   foli^;e  resembling   the 
tommon  elder,  but  it  ii  lesB  hardy,  and, 

in  Britain  at  least,  never  assumes  any  ui.  .  -r-rViiji 

thing  of  a  tree  character. 

B.  Leava  pinnate.     Ftoweri  patdcUd. 
m  3.  S.  RAcsMo'sA  L.     The  racemose;;f()u«refj  Elder, 
j  Don'iM<I1..3.  p.  tM. 
*  l.'p.W.  i'  i*.  Du'llllni..  I.  L  SS.  :  urf  ouTjfc.  B».™ 

Spec,  dor.,  ^c.    Shrubby.   Leaves  pinnate. 
Leaflets  5,  membranous,  oblong,  acumi- 
nated,  serrated,   unequal    at    the   base.  W 
Peliolen  glabrous.  Panicle  ovate.    Leaves  i  ^ 
pale  green,  pretty  smooth.  (Don't  Mitt.) 
A  low  tree  or  large  ehrub.     Middle  and 
South  of  Europe  and  Siberia,  on  moun- 
tains.   Heiriit  lOft.  to  12ft.    Introduced 
in  Ii96.     Flowers  whitish  green  ;  April 
and  Mar.    Fruit  scarlet ;  ripe  in  August, 
Vanetg.                                                             \ 
*  S.  r.  S  ladmala  Koch  in  Dec  Fl.  Fr. 
Supp.  p.  3000. —  Leaflets  jagged. 
A  native  of  the  Palatinate  of  the  j 

This  tree  has  a    splendid    appearance  ^ 

when   covered   with   its   panicles   of  fine,  " 

large,  scariet   fruit,  which   resemble  minia*  jjj.  s.riamta». 

ture  bunches  of  gra|>eB  of  the  moat  bril- 
liant scarlet.  Its  Inrge  leaves,  with  their  deeply  serrated  pinnie,  are  elso 
very  ornamental.  It  grows  as  freely  as  the  common  elder,  and  deserves  a 
place  in  every  collection  ;  though  it  U  veir  seldom  found,  in  Britijth  gardens, 
of  such  a  size  as  to  display  its  beauty.  We  should  think  it  would  sutcecd  if 
budded  on  the  common  elder  j  and,  as  that  species  is  abundant  in  many  places, 


616  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM    BBITANNICUM. 

Slants  might  be  tnuned  to  a  single  stem,  uid  budded  with  S.  ncem^sa  ttaiukrd 
i^.     It  is  very  ormuDentaJ  in  the  Paris  gardens. 

•  4.  S.  (h.)  pu'bens  Mkli».     The  downy  Elder. 


^ , _., uLoM.Cal. 

EneraftmtM.    Our  Jig.  ^r36.  rrom  1  IkTiDB  pUnc  Id 
&e  Cli^H*  Boumlc  Oirden, 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Shrubby.  Leaves  pin- 
nate. Leafleti  5,  membranous,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  or  oblong,  acuminated, 
serrated,  pubescent,  but  chiefly  on 
the  under  side.  Panicle  Uiyrsoid. 
(Dor'j  Mt/I.)  A  large  shrub  or  low 
tree.  Carolina  to  Canada,  on  the 
highest  mountains.  Height  6  ft.  to 
10  ft.  suinetimes  12  ft.  Inirod.  1813. 
Flowers  whitish  i  April  and  May 
Berries  red ;  ripe  in  August. 
Closely  resembling  3.  racemdsa,  of  ^^  s.(r,pii»«. 

which  it  is  probably  only  a  variety.    Sir 

W.  J.  Hooker  menrions  a   variety  with  7  leaflets,  which  may  be  demgnated 

S.  (r.)  p.  8  heptaph^lla. 

Genus  II. 


aaaa 


riBU'RNUM  L.     T«E  Viburnum,     Lin.  Syil.  Pentandria  Trig^nia. 

MnW^oMm.    Lin.  Gen^,  ne. ;  Dpt.  ProdM  4.  p.  SB.  i  Don'l  MIIU  S.  p.  ItK. 

0  rSai.  MltTMtti  M/'lk. -^  l>».  i'ViarBe,  Fr'.  1  SchDRlull,  Grr.  i' Vlbuliio.  ilaf.  '' 
DcrHalian.     ActMrdlng  lo  VulLuil,  Ibe  word  nbamum  ll  derlTKl  from  tbe  LmlD  vard  tin.  Id  UCi 

Gen.  Char.  Calgi  limb  small,  permanent.  Corolla  rotate,  somewhat  cam- 
panulate,  or  tubular,  with  a  5-lobed  limb.  Slamem  b,  equal.  SHgmai  3, 
sessile.  Berry  ovate  or  globose,  l-seedcd  from  abortion,  crowned  by  the 
calycine  teeth.  {DorC,  MiU.) 

Lravei  simple,  opposite,  stipulate,  chiefly  deciduous,  but  partly  evergreen ; 
petiolate.  Fhweri  in  terminal  corymbs;  usually  white,  but  sometinies 
verging  to  a  rose  colour.  Decaying  leaves  red  and  ydtow. —  Shrubs;  natives 
of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America ;  of  easy  culture  and  pn^wgatioD,  by 
seeds  or  layers,  in  any  common  soil. 

J  i.  Tinw  Tourn. 

SfHimfmn.    Lenugo  Dn.  Prtid.  4.  p.  IH.  j  ntilliauni  Wmnt  MA*,  p.  W%. 

Seel.  Char.,  4^c.     Leaves  quite  entire,  or  toothed.  Style  almost  wanting ;  stig- 


Iimiijkalim.    Lin.  Sp.,»I.  i  D«,Prwl..<.  MM.;  Don'i  Mill.,  3.  p.  431. 

Si/fionj/tut.     y.  ^irllttfnx*  Lam.  PI.  Fr.  >.  p.  903- :  Tidui  7i>«rn.  7fu(.  p.  SCr7.  t.  377-1  TlniufMirl- 

l^url^r  Tin,  ^. ;  Lorbeenrtlg«r  SchiKebAll,or  SchwilkFiutrauch,  G^r. ;  L>^  uItUIco,  Bud 
Drrivatim.    Liuniitliiui  l>  frnm  (imrmi.  i  Uunl.  and  Ifnui,  Ui«  Lilin  namii  oT  Ihc  plul ;  th*  Ksrd 
Inru  twine  iddcd,  bf  rdd  luttiori,  rrnia  tbc  liiiipiiittlan  that  Ihli  ibnib  bduninl  u  Um  iusi 
(Unllj  u  ths  Ladriii  nitallli,  oc  iviM  buy.     LnrbHnrtlgn'  li  luird-llka. 
Bufrmingi.    H.  Uu  Ham.,  i.  I,  31, ;  B«.  Ua«..  t.  SK.  i  and  oat  Jlf.  S3t. 

Spec.  Char^  ^c.     Leaves  ovate-oblong,  quite  entire,  permanent ;  having  the 


XL.  caprifola'ce*:    hbu'enum.  617 

mnificHtions  of  the  veiiis  beneath,  ai 
«dl  as  the  branchleca,  fiirniabed  vith 
glandular  hairs.  CorjmbsflaL  Flowers 
white,  but  rose-coloured  before  ex- . 
peiulOD,  and  Bometimes  afterwards  lor 
a  little  time.  Berries  dark  blue.  (Don't 
Mili.)  A  compact  evergreen  shrub- 
South  of  Europe,  and  North  of  Africa. 
Height  8  It  lo  10ft.  Introduced  in 
1596.  Flowers  white  i  December  tiU 
March.  Berries  dark  blue  t  ripe  in  June. 

•  V.  T.  8  Mrla  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  u. 

p.   166.  i    V.  Tmta   Mill.    Did. 
Jio.*.;  V.  liicidum  MiU.,  Pen., 

and  Schithef,  —  Leaves  oval-ob-  y,,  rik*i»ai  rwu. 

long,  hairy  beneath  and  on  the 

mai^ai.  The  flowers  of  this  variety  appear  in  autumn,  and  con- 
tinue on  the  shrub  all  the  winter.  A  native  of  Portugal  and  Spain, 
and  the  ficiaily  of  Nice.  Very  distinct,  from  the  comparative 
roundness  of  its  leaves,  and  the  hairiness  both  of  the  leaves  and 

*  V.  T.  3  liKida  Ait.  I.  c  — Leaves  ovate-oblong, glabrous  on  both  sur- 

faces, shining.  The  cymes,  as  well  as  the  flowers  and  leaves,  are 
larger  than  those  of  the  common  sort,  ami  seldom  ^pev  till  the 
spring.  When  the  winters  are  sharp,  the  flowers  are  killed,  and 
never  open  unless  they  are  sheltered.  This  is  quite  a  distinct  variety, 
with  fewer  and  more  spreading  branches  than  the  common  kind,  and 
much  larger  leaves,  which  are  shining.  There  is  a  subvanety  of  it 
with  leaves  more  or  less  variegated  with  white.  It  is  a  native  about 
A^^iera,  and  on  Mount  Atlaa. 

■  V.  T.  Icirgii/a  Ait.  1.  c,  Clus.  Hist.  No.  iii.  witha  fig.  — Leaves  ob. 

long-lanceolate,  pilose  on  the  margins,  as  well  as  on  the  under  surface. 
It  is  a  native  or  Italy,  about  Rome  and  Tivoli,  &c. 

■  V.  T.  5  tlrfcla  Uort.  has  a  somewhat  erect  and  fasligiale  babit.  Horti- 

cultural Society's  Uarden.  There  is  also  a  variegated  subvanety. 
One  of  the  most  ornamental  of  evergreen  shrubs,  the  foliage  tufUng  in 
beautiful  masses,  and  covered  with  a  prolusion  of  white  flowers  which  com- 
mence expanding  in  November,  end  continue  flowering  till  April  or  May.  In 
Britiah  nurseries,  it  is  frequently,  for  expedition's  sake,  increased  by  layers  ; 
but  all  the  varieties  are  readily  propagated  by  cuttings,  taken  off  in  autumn, 
and  planted  in  a  sandy  soil,  on  a  northern  border.  In  two  yeard,  these  cuttings 
will  tbnn  saleable  plants  of  the  smallest  size.  The  variety  V,  T.  lucida,  bdng 
somewhat  more  (Ufficult  to  strike  than  the  others,  is  generally  increased  by 
layers,  which  are  made  in  autumn,  and  root  in  a  year, 

j  ii.  \ib&mitm  Tourn, 

fymnifmit.    Laiti(o  Dtc.  Pml.  *.  r.-nt. 

Sect.  Char..  4c.     Leaves  deciduous.  All  the  flowers  fertile,  and  eaual  in  sfaa|)e 
and  size,  except  in  P.  lantanoides.     Corolla  rotate.     Fruit  ovaL 
■  I  2.  r.  LentaNio  L,     The  Lentago,  or  fUmi-lmmched,  Viburnum. 

T  ScbDcriuUi^i 


518 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


of  leaves  hooked  a  litlle,  iind  somewhat  cartilagi- 
nou9.  (Don'i  Mill.')     A  robust  shrub  or  low  tree. 
New  England   to  Carolina,  among  hedges  and  on  , 
tile  borders  of  woods  \  and  found  throughout  Ca- 
nada.   Height  6(^.  to  10  ft     Introduced  in  1761. 
Flowers  white;  July.     Emit  black;   ripe  in  Sep- 
tember.    Decaying  leaves  purple  red  and  yellow 
Naked  young  wood  yellowish  and  reddish  green. 
In  British  gardens,  thia  species  forms,  when  pruned 
to  a  9ini;le  stem,  a  handiu>inc  small   tree,  flowering 
freely  and   producing  abundance   of  fruit,  which   is 
greedily  eaten  by  birds.     PVopagated  by  layers,  or  by 


•  »  3.  r.  (L.)  prvnipo'lium  L. 


'fication.    Lin  3p  .  VA.  l 


The  Plum-tree-leaved  Viburnum. 

iDaD'iMm.S.  p.lW. 

n..  I  tu.)  thapku  In  Alt.  Brit-,  IM<# 


spec.  Oiar.,  ^c.  Leaves  roundish-obovatc  and  oval,  glabrous,  rather  meiD- 
branous,  crenately  serrated,  ending  in  a  short  acumen.  Petioles  marginate, 
glabrous.  Cymes  sessile.  Berries  ocateor  roundish.  (Don't  AfUi.)  A  Uige 
shrub  or  low  tree.  New  England  to  Carolina,  in  hedges  and  fields ;  and  aim 
Canada,  about  Lake  Huron.  Hdeht  8  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1731. 
Flowers  white  ;  May  and  June,     ftuit  dark  blue  j  ripe  in  September. 

mi  i.  y.  (L.)  PntiPo'Ltvu   Far.     The  Pear-tree-leaved  Viburnum. 
Untlijkniiam.    Folr.  DlcL,  t.  |i.  «98.i  Dm.  Prod.,  4.  p,  US.  i  Don'iUUl., 
-II.,  I.  n.  j  iiidini[.^.940.uidMl. 
Spec.  Quit.,  ^c.      Leaves  ovate,   acutish, 
glubrous,  subserrated.      Petioles  smooth. 
Corymbs  somewhat  pedunculate.  (Don't 
MiU.)    A  large  shrub  or  low  tree.    Penn- 
■ylvaoia.  New  Jersey,  &c.,  on  the  banks 
of  rivers.      Heiiiht  ifi.  to  8  ft.      Intro- 
duced in  ISIS.   Flowers  white ;  Ma^  and 
June.     Fruit  ovate  oblong,  bbck;  npe  in 
September.  hi.  r.a.irnf^-»^ 


XL.    CAPRMOLt/iCEX:    HBU'RHUH.  5 

ftesembles  the  preceding  apecies,  but  is  not  to  Btreggling  in  iti  growth. 
*  X  5.  r.  (L.)  Ntt'DUH  L.     Tfae  ntJced-cciytiibed  Vibumum, 


^fec.  Char.,  Ac.  LeaveE  oval-oblong,  angulv  at 
the  base,  bluntish,  with  revolute  obsoletely  cre- 
nulated  margina,  quite  ^labraus.  Petioles  beset 
with  ■calc'like  scurf  or  down.  Corymbs  pedun- 
culate, not  involucrate.  (Don't  Mill.)  A  lar^c 
shrub  or  low  tree.  Canada  tu  fleorcia,  in 
swamps,  particularly  on  a  sandy  soil.  Height 
6  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  17^2.  Flowers 
whitish  i  Ma^  to  June.  Fruit  gtobo«e,  blacit  or 
dark  blue ;  npe  iu  September. 


rttriely. 


t  I  V.  (^L. )  n.  2  ttjuamatvm  ;  V.  squam&tum 
Wm.  Enum.  (WaU.  Dend.  Bnt.,  t.  B4. ; 
and  our^.  943.};  has  the  surface,  mid- 
ribl,  andpetiolesofthe 
leaves  scaly  (whence 
its  name),  and  their 
margins  crenate,  sub- 
dentate.  The  pedun- 
cles and  pedicels 
also  covered 
,  minute  femini 
1^  scales;  and  thele 
imaller,  and 


%.w¥ 


Sir  W.  J.  Hooker  says  of  this  species,  that  he  cannot  satisfy  himself  of 
pennanentlv  dlstin^niishing  characters  between  it  and  V.  Lentigo  and  V.  prii- 
niioUum.     'We  think  all  the  four  Tsriedes  of  the  same  form. 

■  I  6.  r.  c^asmoi^Dm  L.    The  Casaine-like  Viburnum. 

IdimMtcallim.    Ltn,  Kp.,  p.  SSl, ;  Cic  Prod..  <  p.  SM.  1  Ddd'iMIII.,!.  p,  MO.  i 

Laid.  Cat..  Hi.  SfOfi. 
jpKWUFBW.     V.  punctilnra  R^H.  ^^ 

Sptc.  Char.,  ij-r.  LenTes  ovate-lanceolate,  acute  at  both 
ends,  crenated,  glnbrous  above,  with  subrevolnte  edges. 
Under  side  of  leavea,  as  well  as  the  petioles,  which  are 
keeled,  and  branches  which  are  te- 
tragonal, covered  with  scurfy  dols.  ■ 
Corymbs  sessile.  (Dun'i  Mill.)  A  ' 
lan;e  ahrub  or  low  tree.  New  York 
to  Carolina,  in  swamps.  Heif-ht  3  ft. 
to  5  ft.  in  America;  10  ft.  to  ISft.  in  , 
England.     Flowers  white ;  June  and 

)v3te,  bluish  black ;  ripe  in  September. 

•  17,   r,  (cJlsvioaTum  wm.     The  smooth 
Vibumum. 

.rMaalim.    WUtd.  Sp..  I.  p.  im.    Dtc,  Pnd.,  4.  p.  3%,  d<jd-i 

..-aajiwi.  r.iM$f«llliitDmltiilUarU.3,f,*M.;  C luienliluni Bin 
Uorl.Xtv'.tAt.i  HMraum  araUBlftnuni  Miri.;  Ciri()n' jiuigua  Lm 


ntcorjmbtMt  Mid.  Icon .  I-HS.  T.  1 


i,l4 


520 


ARBORETUM    £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


M6.  r. 


Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  lanceolate,  or  x>blong-lanceolate,  smooth^  remotely 
or  unequally  serrated,  cuneated  at  the  base,  and  quite  entire,  g^rous. 
Branches  tetragonally  2-edged,  and  also  glabrous.  Corymbs  sessile.  (Dom*s 
Mill.)  A  large  shrub  or  low  tree*  Virginia  and  Carolina,  near  the  sea 
coast.  Hftight  10  ft.  to  14  ft.  Introduced  in  1724.  Flowerv  white;  June 
and  July.     Fruit  black ;  ripe  in  September. 

•  1  8.  r.  Lanta^a  X.    The  Wayfmng  Tree. 

Identification.    Lin.  Sp.,  p.  884. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  4.  p.  896. ;  Don's  Mill.,  8.  p.  440. 

Synonymet.  V.  tomentbtum  Lam.  Fl.  Fr.  3.  p.  368. ;  wild  Guelder  Rote,  pllant-brandied  1 
Tree;  Viorae  cotonneoM,  Camara,  Viorne  commune,  Coudre.moinsinne,  Moodenne, 
Schlingstrauch,  wolllger  Schneeball,  or  Schwalken<tranch,  Oer. ;  Lentaggine,  ItaL 

Engravings.    Bng.  Bot,  t  831. ;  Jacq.  Austr.,  t.  341. ;  and  our  J^.  946. 

Spec,  Char,,  dfc.  Leaves  cordate,  rounded,  finely 
serrated,  veiny,  clothed  beneath,  but  more  sparingly 
on  the  upper  side,  with  starry  mealy  pubescence, 
like  that  on  the  branches,  petioles,  and  peduncles. 
Under  side  of  leaves  and  branches  white  from  mealy 
down.  Cymes  pedunculate,  broad,  flat,  of  nume- 
rous crowded  white  flowers.  Bracteas  several, 
small,  acute.  {Don* a  Mill,)  A  large  shrub  or  low 
tree,  with  copious,  opposite,  round,  pliant,  mealy 
branches.  Europe  and  the  West  of  Asia,  in  low 
woods  and  hedges,  chiefly  on  calcareous  soils. 
Height  12ft.  to  15ft.  Flowers  white;  May  and 
June.  Fruit  compressed  in  an  early  state,  red  on 
the  outer  side,  yellow,  and  finally  black,  with  a  little 
mealy  astringent  pulp ;  ripe  in  August  and  Septem- 
ber.   Decaymg  leaves  of  a  fine  deep  red.  . 

Vanetiei, 

it  %  V.  L.  2  grandifoUa  Ait.,  V.  L.  latifolia  Lodd,  Cat,,  has  leaves  larger 

than  those  of  tne  species,  and,  according  to  some,  ought  to  constitute 

a  separate  species  itself.     Mr.  Gordon  thinks  this  variety  the  same 

as  V,  (L.)  lantanoides. 
A  %  V.  L.  3  folm  variegatit  Lodd.  Cat.  has  leaves  variegated  with  white 

and  yellow. 

It  grows  rapidly  when  young,  often  producing  shoots  5  or  6  feet  long,  from 
stools  in  coppice  woods ;  but  becoming  stationary  when  it  has  attained  the 
height  of  12  or  15  fe^t,  which  it  does  in  5  or  6  years ;  and,  when  pruned  to 
a  single  stem,  forms  a  handsome  durable  small  tree.  In  Germany,  the  shoots 
of  one  year  are  employed  in  basket-making,  and  for  tying  faggots  and  other 
packages ;  and  those  of  two  or  three  years  old  are  used  for  tubes  to  tobacco- 
pipes.  Plants  may  be  raised  from  seeds,  which  should  be  laid  up  in  a  heap 
m  the  rotting-ground)  like  haws ;  for,  if  sown  immediately  after  being  gathered, 
they  will  not  come  up  for  18  or  20  months. 

m  t  9,  V,  (L.)  LANTANoi^DEs  Michx,    The  Lantana-Iike  Viburnum,  or 

American  Waijfaring  Tree. 

Identification.    Michx.  FL  Bor.  Amer.,  1.  p.  179. ; 

Dec  Prod.,  4.  p.  326. ;  Don'i  Mill.,  3.  p.  441. 
Synonyntcs.    ?  V.  LaoUna  /9  grandif&lia  Ait.  Hart, 

Kew.  ed.    1.,  rol.  L  p.  892. ;     V.  ffrandlRyllum 

Snuth  in  Ree9*a  Cyd.  Na  14.  ;     V.  Lantina  $ 

canadfotlt  Pers.  Ench.  1.  p.  897. ;    Hobble  Bush, 

Amer. 
Engravings.    Bot.  Cab.,  1. 1070.  {  and  oat  Jig.  947. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  roundish-cor- 
date, abruptly  acuminated,  unequally 
serrated;  serraturesawnless.  Branches, 
petioles,  and  nerves  of  leaves  clothed 
with  powdery  tomentum.  Corymbs 
terminal,  ahnost  sessile.     Fruit  ovate. 


XL.    CAPBirOLlA'CEJE :    HBU'SNUM. 


521 


(I>DB'i  HUUt.)  Tbe  outer  flowerB  of  the  coiTinbs  are  abortive  and 
radiint;  a  circumstance,  aa  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker  obserreR,  noticed  by  few 
botanists.  A  shrub  or  low  tree,  ver)  like  V.  Laotlna,  but  of  more  humble 
growth,  and  the  leaves  are  larger,  and  tomentoae.     Canada  to  Carolina, 

Sincipallj- in  the  fbreus  called  Beech  Woods,  about  Quebec  and  Lake 
uron.     HeightSfl.  to  lOft.     Introduced  in  ISSO.     Flowers  white;  Jiiue 
and  July.     Fruit  first  red,  afterwards  black.     Hort.  Soc.  Garden. 
■  10.  r.  (L.)  DAHU-HicuM  PaU.    The  Dahuriao  Vibumum. 

Ua^ficauat.  PiU.  Fl.  Bo.,  p.  st,  i  Dtc  Prod.,  4.  p.  jn.  g 

Doi'iMUl.,!.  p.ML 
%WW«K1.    LsoIUTs  msDidlicai'iJI.H.SM.  I.  t.aa.f. 

Ewaafn    Ml.   Fl.  Bh..  t  H..  and  t.  M.  t.  Y.  G.  \ 
Cd^.TD).,  1.  t.  ».  1  lud  Durj^.  MB. 

S^iec.  Char.,   r^.      Leave*   ovate,  tomewhat 

cordate  at    the   base,    crenetelj   nerrated, 
jieset  with   ttellate  down,  as  well   as  the 

branchlels.      Coiymba    dichotomous,  few-  1 

flowered.     Corollas  tubular,  aomewhat  fiin^ 

nel-shaped,   bluntly  S-tootfaed.      Berry   5- 

■eeded.  {Don'i  A6u.)    A  shrub  reaembling 

V.  Lant&no.    Dahuria.    Height  6  ft.  to  8  ft. 

Introduced   in   IT85.      Flowers   yellowish 

white  ;  June  and  July.     Fruit  at  first  red, 

but  aftM%vards  black  and   sweet ;   ripe   in 

September.  Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

A  tolerably  d 
cminion,  by  no 
udered  a  spedea.  ms.  riuxabucu. 

•  11.  V.  (?L.)  cvTiNiFoYitm  D.  Dtm.    The  Cotinua-leaved  Vibumum. 

ItfnMhaMK    D.  DnaProd.  Fl.  Ncv..  1.  p.  141.  j  Dee.  Prod.,  4.  p.  UT.;  Don'tUU.,  t.  p.  Ml. 
SngqpiH.    F.  VulUU  IbH.  OiD-bonProd.  FLNnp.  I.p.  141. 

Ytgrmiti.    Bol,  Ret.,  t.  lUO.i  will  Boifif.tn.  tnta  ttu  plut  In  (Im  HarUcallurBl  BacMj'i 
Oirdu.  mdJV-  3M.  beta  tlis  tc*.  Big. 

Spee.Char^^c.    Leaves 

roundish   oval,  quite 

entire,    clothed   with 

BtelUite  tomentum  on 

both    surfaces,    erey  , 

beneath,    as   well   ss  / 

the  branches.      Co-  9 

rynibs  terminal,  wool- 
ly.     Flowers   white.  . 

(Don' I    Mller.)      A  J 

shrub.   Himal^as,  at  1 

the   hoght   of  from ' 

5000  ft,  to  7000  ft., 

30°   N.  Int.      Height 

6ft.  to  eft.     Intro-     +  ^j-' 

ducedin  183S,  or  be-    uo.  r.{>u««Ks^a~ 

fore.     Flowers  white, 
tinud  with  pink;  April  and  Hay. 

In  general  appearance  it  closely  resembles  K.  Lant&na ;  but  the  flowers  aie 
muchlanier,  and  more  tinted  with  pink ;  and  neither  flat  nor  bell.ahaped,  but 
of  a  distinct  obconical  figure. 

*  12.  y.  dbntaVum  Zitt.     The  toothed-imperf  Viburnum. 

UrMcaUim.    LIB.  Sp.,p.SM.  i  D«.  Prod  „  4.  p.  W6.  i  D.m'i  Mill,  B.  p.  441. 

4>HW>».    r.  daittiiiin  lOcWuB  Jll.  lion.  Knr.l.  p^37». ;    f.  dntilum  gUMIIam  Mtclu.  n 

(^nmwT'  Juf.  Hon.  Via6.'.  1. 1.  k.  i  Wiu.  Demi  Brit.,  L  ».  i  ud  -MiJIp.  Vtl.  mmI  Ma 


522 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


§51.   F.  dflUktnm* 


Mt.    P.  dwrttem. 


Spec,  Char,,  Jfc,  Partly  glabrous.  Leaves  ovate, 
and  nearly  orbicular,  plicate,  coarsely  and  den- 
tately  serrated,  with  the  nerves  thick  and  fea- 
thered, glabrous  on  both  surfaces.      Cvmes  or 

corymbs  pedunculate.  Berries  small, 

and  nearly  globose,  of  a  dark  blue 

colour,  and  crowned  by  the  calyx. 

(DorCs  Mill,)   A  large  shrub.    New 

York    to   Carolina,    in    mountain 

woods ;  and  also  in  Mexico.  Height 

4  ft.  to  6  ft.     Introduced  in  1763. 

Flowers  white ;    June    and    July. 

Fruit  small,  nearly  globose,  dark 
blue,  and  crowned  by  the  calyx ;  not  very  frequently  ripened  in  England. 

Vanetics,  In  the  arboretum  of  Messrs.  Loddiges,  are  plants  named  V.  d. 
pttbesceru,  V.  d.  folUt  variegdHs,  V.  acummdtum,  V.  hngj^oUum,  and  V.  ntoR- 
tdnum,  which  are  either  varieties  of,  or  identical  with,  Siis  species. 

^  13.  r.  (d.)  pubbVcbns  Pursh,    The  downy  Viburnum. 

Identtfieaiion,     Punh  Fl.  Amar.  Sept..  I.  p.  S03. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  S. 

p.  336. ;  Don*»  Mill.,  3.  p.  441. 
Synoiwmes.    f'.  dent^tum  0  pub^sceni  Aii.  Hort,  Keta,  1.  p.  168.; 

V.  ovntitum  seml-tomeDtbsum  Mieh.  FL  Bor.  Amer.  1.  p.  179. ;  V. 

tonentftsum  Rt^fln,  Med,   Rep.  2.  p.  860. )   V.  vlll2iiuin  Rqfin.  In 

Detf.    Joum.  I.  p.  228.;    V.  KafLuMquianttm  Schultec  Syit.  6. 

p.  630. 
Engraving.    Omflg.  953.  from  a  specimen  in  the  Britiih  Museum. 

Spec,  Char,,  Spc,  Pubescent.  Leaves  ovate,  acumi- 
nated, on  short  petioles,  coarsely  serrate-toothed, 
villous  beneath,  with  the  nerves  feathered  a:]d  pro- 
minent. Corymbs  pedunculate.  (Don't  Mill,)  A  low 
shnib.  Virginia  and  Carolina.  Height  .3  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1736.  Flowers  white  ;  June  and  July. 
Fruit  small  ovate ;  smaller  in  every  part  than  F. 
dentatum.  The  fruit  is  dark  blue,  but  sparingly 
produced ;  the  leaves  die  oiT  yellow  and  red.  ^^^  y^^^ 

Mi  14.  V,  Ni^TiDUU  AH,    The  shining-/far^  Viburnum. 

Ideni(fieati<m,     Ait.  Hort.  Kew.,  1.  p.  371. ;  Punh  FL  Amer.  Sept.,  1.  p.  902. ;  Dec 

Prod.,  4.  p.  826. ;  Don's  Mill.,  8.  p.  440. 
Engraving     Onr  Jig.  954.  from  a  specimen  in  the  Lambertian  herbarium. 

Spec,  Char,,  Sfc,  Quite  glabrous.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  shining 
above,  obsoletely  serrated  or  entire.  Branches  tetragonal.  {DoiCt 
Mill,)  A  low  shrub,  with  small  leaves.  Carolina  and  Georgia, 
in  sandy  barren  woods.  Height  2  ft.  to  ^ft.  Introduced  in 
1758.   Flowers  white  ;  May  ana  June.    Fruit; '?.    H.  8. 

Judging  from  the  plant  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  this  is 
a  very  distinct  species,  and  its  smooth  shining  vellowish  green  leaves 
render  it  more  ornamental  than  most  of  the  others  of  this  section. 


§  iii.    (yjndus  Tourn. 

Identifieathn.    Tourn.  Inst.,  t.  376. ;  Dec  Prod.,  4.  p.  328. ;  Mcench  Meth.,  p.  605. 

Sect,  Char,  Outer  flowers  of  the  corymbs  radiant  and  sterile,  much  larger 
than  the  rest,  which  are  fertile.  Seed  obcordate.  {Don*t  MiUJ)  LeaTes 
mostly  3-lobed,  and  deciduous. 

a  15.  K.  C/puLUS  L,    The  Guelder  Rose. 

IdentifieaHom.    Lin.  Sp.,  884. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  4.  p.  328. ;  Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  442. 
^fnonvmeg.    V.  lobitum  Lam.  FL  Fr.  3.  p.  368. ;  (Xpulos  glandulfrsus  Mtenck  Meik.  p.  005. ;  O^na- 
lus  Rait  S^.  460. ;  Sambikcus  aquitica  Sauh.  Pin.  456. ;  Marsh  Elder,  Rose  Elder.  Water  BMeri 


XL.   CAPRIFOHA  CE*  :    HBU  HNUM. 


DfTttatkm.      Allmd  fram  fipuliu.  the  poplir,  from  wni*  nippoHd 

kaiH  of  IbepliDI  md  UiDHof  ihepopiir.    TlHBii(ll>b  Mnit.  Got ._ 

CutldnluHl.  Htiere  itie  ikiulile-toworal  tuMi  *u  llnl  orlrinUcd. 
£ii«r«TAwj.    kniL  Bui,  t.  lU.  |  N.  Dn  HuD.,  1.  I.  ».  I  ud  DUJh.  9M. 

^c.  Char^  ^c.  Quite  glabrous  in  every 
part.  Leaves  broad,  S-lobed,  acumi- 
nated, mi  equally  serrated,  vein)-.  PetioleH 
besel  with  glaads  towards  the  top,  and 
several  oblopg  leaf}'  eppendagra  lower 
down.  Cymes  pedunculate,  wbice,  with  / 
linear  bracteas ;  with  lerend  of  the  ^ 
marginal  flowers  dilated,  flat,  radiant, 
Bud  without  stamens  or  pistils.  Seed 
compressed.  (Don't  Mill.)  A  shrub  or 
low  tree.  Europe,  and  part  of  Asia,  in 
moist  hedges  and  swampy  thickets  ;  fre- 

Ssnt  in  Britain,  and  also  in  Sweden,  aa 
north  as  lat.  61°.  Height  BTt.  to 
12(1.  in  a  wild  state,  and  higher  in 
gorilena.  Flowers  white ;  May  and 
June.     Fruit  elliptical,  crowned  by  the 

limb  of  the  calyx,  bright  red,  very  juicy,  '    ,^  r.rfOm. 

but    bitter    and    nauseous.      Decaying 

leaves  beautiful  [unk  or  crimson.     Naked  young  wood  smooth,  green. 
Vaiietia. 

■  V.  O.  S  tfMb  Dec.  Pr«d.  ir.  p.  328.,  Don's  Mill.  iii.  p.  MS.     V.  0. 
■   roseura  Ham.  et  Schult.  Syil.  vi.  p.  635.  ;  the  Snow-ball  Tree,  or 

Guelder  Rose ;  Rose  de  Gueldres,  Pellotte  de  Neige,  Boule  de 
Neige,  Poire  molle,  Fr. ;  Schneeballe,  Ger. — The  q>ecific  name 
r^seum  is  applied  on  account  of  the  form  of  the  (lowers,  and  not 
because  of  their  colour.  Layem,  Bomelioies  by  suckers,  or  it  might 
be  grafted  on  the  species. 

■  V.  O.  3fSliu  varKgatit  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836  has  the  leaves  vanegated 

with  wnite  and  yellow, 
a  V.  O.  4  nana  Hort. — A  very  distinct  little  plant,  scarcely  1  ft.  in  height. 

HorticulturaJ  Society's  Oarden. 
The  Guelder  roice,  in  a  wild  state,  is  not  remarkable  for  the  beauty  of  its 
flowers ;  but  its  bright  red  berries,  which  ripen  in  September,  and  which,  to- 
wards the  middle  of  Uctober,  assume  a  beautiful  pink,  ahnoat  compensate  for 
the  inferiority  of  the  epecies  to  the  variety  in  point  of  flowers.  The  leaves  of 
both  die  olTof  a  Gne  red  on  the  first  approach  of  frost.  The  snow-ball  tree, 
or  the  Guelder  rose  (V,  O.  8  aterilis},  is  one  of  the  most  ornamental  shrubs, 
or  low  trees,  that  can  he  planted  in  a  pleasure-ground. 

■  16.  r.  (O.)  ^CBRiFOLiVM  L.     The  Maple-leaved  Guelder  Rose. 
MnNthuHM.     Un.  Sp,.  >S.  i  Funb  Sept,  1.  p.  xa.  j    Dec.  Prod.. 

<.  p.Sir.;  I>0I1-iMU(..l.p.  ML 
fvriAwi.    Vvit.  Hon.  Cell.,  t.Tli  Wiu.  Deod.  Brit.  t.  lIS.i  and 


less,  and,  when  young,  slipulaceous  at  the  base,  and 
rather  toinentose.  Corymbs  terminal,  pedunculate. 
not  radiant.  (Dott'i  Miil.)  A  low  shrub.  Kew  Eng- 
land to  Carolina,  in  rocky  mountaiikous  situations. 
Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  in  1736.  Flowers  . 
white  i  May  and  June.  Fruit  Mack,  oval,  and  com-  J%*  ^^ 
pressed ;  ripe  b  September.  im,  r.  o,  .Mm 


524  ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUH. 

■  17.  r.  (O.)  OKiKSTA^X  Fait.  The  Eastern  Guelder  Rose. 
litnttifleatHm.  P»ll.  Rom~  I-  «■  f.  H.  i  I>«.  Prod.,  4.  p.  »a  ;  Don'.  Mill.,  t. 
s£imgmt.     tyiHiliii  Drimtlllt  fMlo  imiilliiliiin  irldeUku  Tom.  Car.  p.  41. 

Sptc.  Char.,  .^c.  Leave*  3-lobed,  acuminated,  coarsely  and 
bluntly  toothed.  PetioleB  glandless,  glabrous.  Corymbs 
terminal,  not  mdiart.  Fruit  oblong,  compressed.  Seed  oval, 
fiirniahed  with  two  channels  on  both  siHea,  as  in  V.  Lantina. 
(Fhn'i  Mill.)  A  low  shrub.  Georgia,  in  Asia  Minor,  in 
woodK,  on  the  mountains.  Heiglit  6  ft.  to  ID  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  ISer.     Flowen  whil« ;  July.     Fruit;  ?. 

a  18.  r.  (O.)  Oirco'ccoi  Punk.    The  CraiiberTy;fri(i/«i  Guelder  Hose. 

IdniacaHtm.     Panh  Sep!.,  I.  p.  Va.  i  Dtc.  Prod..  4. 


^cc,  Char^  ^c.  Leaves  34obed,  acute 
behind,  3-nerved.  Lobes  divaricate,  acu- 
minated, coarsely  and  distantly  serrated, 
Fetioles  glandular.  Cymes  radiant.  {Don'i 
MiU.)  A  large  shrub  or  low  tree.  New  . 
York  and  Tieu  Jersey,  on  mountains  and 
throughout  Canada,  to  the  arctic  circle. 
Height  6ft.  to  12ft.  Flowers  whiles 
July,  Fruit  subgloboae,  red,  of  an  agree- 
aUe  acid,  resembling  that  of  cranberries, 

for  which  they  are  a  very  good  substitute;  '^^ 

ripe  in  September.  us.  r.ii),ioiiiMa«.. 

■  V.  (O.)  O.  i  tubmtegrlfdliui  Hook.  FL  Bor.  Amer.  i.  p.  S81.,    Don's 
Mill.  iii.  p.  448.  — Leaves  but  little  cut,  very  pubescent  beneath.     A 
native  of  the  banks  of  the  Columbia. 
A  V.  (O.)  O.Zm6lJu.  y.  miWeMKhx. 
Fl.  Bor,  Amer.'i.    p.  160.,  Don't 
MiU.    iii.  p.  MS. ;    y.   nlnilbliura 
Marih  Arb.  p.  162.  (Our  j%.  959.) 
—  Leaves   nearly   orbicular,   cor- 
I  date,  plicate,  toothed.  (Don'iMUl.) 

Fruit  oblong  ovate,  red. 
Very  like  V.  O'pulus,  and  there  can  be 
no  doubt  but  that  it  i«  only  the  American  ,j^  ^  ,^,„  ^^^ 

form   of  that  species.     The  fruit  is  com- 
paratively large,  and  not  disaereeable  to  the  taste.     Were  a  great  number  o> 
I  seedlings  grown  till  they  produced  fruit,  and  then  the  plant  producing  the 

largest  and  best-flavoured  fruit  selected   and   propagated  by  extension,  the 
cranberry-fruited  guelder  rose  might  be  cultivated  m  our  kitchen-gardens  and 
j  orchards  for  the  sume  purpose  as  the  common  cranberry.     We  have  no  doubt 

'  whatever  that  its  fruit  would  be  soon  iis  much  relished  by  the  public  as  the 

!  cranberry ;  and,  as  the  guelder  rose  ia  less  difficult  in  re<;ard  to  soil  and  giiua- 

'  tion  than  that   plant,  a  crop  of  fruit  might   be  depended  on  with  greater 

I  certainty.     At  all  events,  this  and  similar  eiperinientM  offer  interesting  and 

useful  employment  to  the  amateur  who  has  nothing  belter  to  do. 

«  l».  y.  (0.)  EDU'LB  PuTik.     The  edible/ruita^  Guelder  Roae. 
UnHtkmUm.    Ponk  Sapt.,  1.  p,  9Q>.  i  Dm.  Pnd.,  4.  p,  SM.  i  D»'>  HUl..  1.  p.  44a. 


XL,    CAPRIFOLIaV&S  !    DIERVrLL^. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  S-lobcd, 
bluntiah  behind,  and  S-no^ed. 
Lobei  very  short,  denliculatel; 
leimted ;  semttures  scumi- 
Dated.  Petioles  glandular. 
Outer  flowers  of  corymb  ra- 
diant. A  smaller  and  more 
upright  shrub  than  the  pre- 
ceding species.  The  berries  of 
the  uune  colour  and  siie ;  but, 
when  compietelj'  ripe,  more 
agreeable  to  cat,  and  frequently 
empbyed  u  a  wtistitute  for 
cranberries.  It  does  not  seem 
to  differ  much  from  V.  Oxy- 
c6ccoB,  except  in  the  broader 
base  of  the  leaf.  (Don't  Mill.)  , 
CbhuIb  to  New  York,  on  the 
banks  of  rivers.  Height  5  ft. 
to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  181!. 
rioirers  white  ;  July.  Fruit 
IS  in  the  preceding  species. 


Sect.  II.     Lonice'r 


^ 


DIEBVI'LLi4  Toura.    Trb  Diebtilli.    Lm.  Sytt.  Pentindr» 

Monog^ia. 

UmlfaMm.    Tmrs,  Act  Ac.  Fu..  17oe.  (.  1. 1. 1. ;  D«.  Prod.,  A.  p.  tM. 

hm^irma.    LoDlunu.  L.i  Weifria  Tbanb.  Fl.  W  p.  & i  WditUi  Fm.Bseli.  1.  p.  ITC. 

DiTiriUm.    NuniMl  ^  Timmelon,  In  «iDi)i1lDinl  to  U.  OtrrtOIr,  •  Fnoch  HttnHi,  wbo  wu  Ibi 


Gen.  Char,  Calyx  tube  oblong,  bibracteate  Bt  the  base  ;  limb  S^cleft. 
Corolla  funnel-sh^ed,  3 — A-cleft,  spreading  twice  the  length  of  the  caiyx. 
SlanicHt  6,  somewhat  exserlcd.  Stigma  capitote.  CapnUe  oblong,  acute, 
l-celled.     Setdt  numerous,  minute.  {1)oh'i  MUL) 

Leavei  simple,  opposite,  ex  stipulate,  deciduous;  ovate,  acuminated,  ser- 
rated. Ftovieri  in  aiillsry  peduncles,  bibracteate,  usually  dichotomoua.  — 
Shrubs,  deciduous.  North  America.  Commun  soil,  and  suckers.  Five 
species,  natives  of  Japan,  and  figured  by  Sieboldt,  are  probably  hardy,  but 
they  have  not  jet  been  in[roduc<^d, 


tmlmti.    Bat.  Mig.,  I.  ITW.;  Schmidt  Buim..  t.  il6.i  ud  cnr/fi.Ml.  uidtei 

<ec.  Char^  ^c.     Leaves  on  short  petioles,  ovate,  acuminated,  serrated,  and, 

as  well  as  the  oetiolea,  glabrous.     Fruit  a  dry  brown  capsule.      Root 


526 


AUBORETUM    £T    FUUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


creeping,  throwing  up  suckers.  (DonU 
MilL)  A  bushy  shrub.  Carolina, 
New  England,  and  Newfoundland,  on 
rocks  and  the  highest  mountains.  Height 
3  (I.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1739.  Flowers 
yellow ;  June  and  July.  Fruit  brown ; 
ripe  in  September. 


Ml.   IXcaiMdteiU. 


There  are  a  number  of  varieties  of  this  species,  differing  in  respect  to  the 
size  of  the  flowers  and  of  the  leaves,  but  they  are  not  worth  keeping  distinct 

Genus  IV. 


iiuiy 


LONFCER^  Oesf.    The  Lonicbra,  or  Hoseysuckls.    Lm.  Sy^ 

Pentandria  Monog^nia. 

Identification.    Detf.  FL  Atl.,  1.  p.  183.  ;  Dec.  Prod,  4.  p.  830. ;  Don*s  Mill.,  31  p.  444. 
Synutiumrs.     Lonfcern  sp.  Z^in.,  and  manjr  author*  ;  CaprifMiom  and  Xylt'itteum  Jtut.  Gem.  p.  21S.: 

Xylost«uui,  Caprifbllum,  Cliamaic^raBUs,  /'cricl^menuin  Toum.  Inst.  i.  378.  aud379. ;  C^infbliain 

and  Lonicera  Roem.  et  Schult.  Syst. ;    Loufcera  and  Xyl&iteum  Torrey  Ft.  Vn.St.;  Ch^rre. 

feuiUe,  Fr. ;  Geiatbiatt,  Honeigblume,  and  Lontcere,  Ger. 
Derivation.    Named  after  Adam  Lontcer,  a  German,  who  wu  bom  In  15S8,  aiid  died  in  1596.  There 

was  another  Loni<»r,  John,  who  wrote  comments  on  Dioscorides. 

Gen.  Char,  Calyx  tube  5-toothed.  CoroUa  tubular,  campanulate,  or  funnel- 
shaped,  with  a  5-c1eft,  usually  irregular,  limb.  Stametu  5.  Style  filiform. 
Stigma  capitate.     Berries  3-celled.     Seeds  crustaceous.  (Don*s  Mill,) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  stipulate,  deciduous,  or  evergreen ;  sometimes 
connate,  entire,  occasionally  runcinate  in  the  Siime  species.  Flowers  ax- 
iIlary,or  capitate,  variously  disposed.  —  Shrubs,  erect  or  twining;  natives  of 
Europe,  the  North  of  Africa,  Asia,  and  America. 

The  greater  number  of  the  species  and  varieties  are  of  easy  culture  in 
British  gardens,  in  common  garden  soil  ;  and  they  are  all  propagated  by 
cuttings,  or  some  of  them  more  readily  by  layers.  The  flowers  of  some  of 
the  species  are  highly  fragrant  and  ornamental;  and  that  of  the  common 
European  honeysuckle  is  supposed  to  have  given  rise  to  one  of  the  n)Oi»t 
beautiful  ornaments  of  Grecian  architecture.  *^  The  honeysuckles  ofler  an  easy 
opportunity  of  improvement,  by  intermixing  the  fragrant  and  more  vigorous 
with  the  yellow  and  the  scarlet."  (Herb,  Amaryll,  p.  363.)  The  genus  Lo- 
nicera of  Linnaeus  was  separated  by  Rcemer  and  Schultes  into  the  genera 
Lonicera  and  Caprifolium ;  but  they  were  reunited  by  DeCandoUe,  whose 
arrangement  has  been  followed  by  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker  and  G.  Don,  and  is 
adopted  by  us  on  the  present  occasion.  The  distinctive  characters  of  the 
sections  are  as  follows: — 

Caprifolium,    Plants  twining.    Flowers  in  capitate  whorls. 
Xylosieunu    Plants  twining  or  erect.    Flowers  axillar}'. 

J  i.  Caprifolium  Dec. 

Identifieaiion.    Dec.  Fl.  Fr.,  4.  p.  270. ;  Prod.,  4.  p.  331. 

SgnongmcM.   Caprifblium  Ju$».  Gem,  312. ;  Lonicera  Torr.  FI.  Un.  St.  I.  p.  S4S.,  but  not  ofSchult. 


XL.    I7AFBIF0L1A^CE£:    LONl'CER^.  527 

i^fT,  I  foutt  iDd  fill/mm,  A  Inf  i  In  r«fterenn  ta  the  tMmWat  lublt  of  the 
■nmucD  nvrapnknUa.lHcaufe  tQ«u  AralHidof  broin^D|tKI  tU  InTflt. 

Sfd.  Char.  Berriea  solitary,  while  young  3-celled,  but  when  mature  usually 
t-celled,  crowned  by  the  tube  of  the  calyx,  which  i»  permajieot.  Flowers 
disposed  In  capitate  whorb.  Twining  shrubs,  moatly  deciduous ;  natives  of 
Europe,  the  North  of  Africa,  China,  Nepal,  and  North  America ;  oil  of 
easy  culture,  and  tolerably  hardy,  but  none  of  them  of  long  duration. 

A.  Ftoweri  rmgent. —  CaprifiSum  Toum.  Inst.,  p.  608. 
.i  1.  L.  /^riclt'mbhvn  L.     The  Woodlune,  or  ammam  Himrytttckk, 

UrmtUtaUon.    Lhi.  Sp.,  p.  MT.  1  Dtt  Prod..  4.  p.  ni.  ;  Dcid'i  MU.,  X.  p.  Aii. 

» =-jjj "t.  XiiMc.  p.  sai.i   ftncljni«iuni_^piin*ntruni_  B*.  Vm.  J 


,  I  and  vajlt.  K3. 

^Kc.  Char^  (fc.  Leaves  alt  separate,  deciduous,  sometiinen 
downy,  glaucous  beneath,  ovate,  obtuse,  attenuated  at  the 
base  :  upper  ones  the  smalleit.  Heads  of  dowers  all  ter- 
minal, orate,  imlnicBted.  Flowers  ringent.  There  are  va- 
rieties of  this  species  with  either  smooth,  pubescent,  or 
nriq^ted  leaves;  and,  when  the  plant  grows  by  the  sea 
nde,  they  are  occesionally  more  glaucous  and  ratner  succu- 
lenL  (JoroUaa  exlemully  deeo  red  ;  or,  in  the  eHriier-flower- 
ing  varieties,  all  over  buff-coloured  ;  in  the  maritime  plant, 
simller  and  greenish.  Berries  nearly  globular,  accompanied  9—.^,^^, 
by  permanent  bracteas.  {Don't  MiS.)     A  twining  deciduous  ■">". 

tbrub,  which  always  turns  from  ea^it  to  west.  Europe;  common  in  hedges, 
groves,  and  thickets  ;  plentiful  in  Brilain.  Stem  15  ft.  to  30  ft.  Flowers 
rich  yellow  ;  June  and  July,  and,  in  moist  summers,  also  in  August, 
1 -.^  September.    Fruit  deep  red,  bitter  and  nauseous;  ripe 


A   i.  P.  2  « 

Ait.  Hort.  Kew., 
i.   p.  378.    Pen- 

iMniciim  JUuVfi 
Didionar.  No  4., 
(8chinidt,0ester.  , 
Baumz.  t.  108.; 
and  our  j^.  964.) 
—  BniDchet  gW 
brous.      Flowers 

late,  end  reddish.  ^m.  ur.wtrt^ma. 

Thix,  the  lat?  red 

honeysuckle,  produces  a  greater  number  of  dowers  together  than 
either  the  Itnlian  (No.  3.)  or  Dutch  honeysuckle,  so  that  it  makes  a 
finer  appearance  than  either  of  them  dunng  its  period  of  flowering. 
Introduced  in  1715. 
J  I.,  P.  3  bitffcum.  Pericl^enum  germAnicum  Afi//,  Diet.  No.  4.— 
Branches  smooth,  purplish.  l.eaves  oblong-oval,  of  a  lucid  sreen 
above,  but  pale  benenth,  on  long  petioles.  Tlowers  in  terminBl  ver- 
ticillate  heads ;  each  Uower  arwn);  out  of  a  scaly  cover,  reddish  on 


523  ARBORETUM   ET    PRUTICETUM  BRITANHICUM. 

the  outmde,  and  j^owUh  within ;  of  ■  Tcry  agreeable  odour.    Tfaia, 

which  is  commonly  called  the  Dutch  honeysuckle,  ma}'  be  trained 

with  stems,  and  formed  into  heads  ;  which  the  wild  sort  cannot,  the 

branches  beinp  too  weak  and  trailing  for  the  purpose. 

t  L.  P.  i  qKercipUmn  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.,  the  Oak-leaved  Honeysuckle, 

has  tlie  leaves  Hinuated  like  those  of  an  oak.     Found  wild  in  several 

partt  of  England.     There  is  a  subvariety  of  this,  with  the  learei 

■lightly  marked  near  the  margin  with  yellow.     The  Sowen  are  like 

those  of  the  species. 

All  the  varieties  of  the  common  honeysuckle  are  beautiful  and  fragrant; 

and,  dther  trained  against  a  wall,  twining  round  a  pole  and  over  a  penuol 


top,  or  climbing  and  rambling  among  bushes,  form  great  ornaments  to  j^rdeii 
They  are  propagated  by  cuttings  i  but  a  large  proportion  of  these  do  not  suc- 
ceed, owing  to  the  tubular  shoots  admitting  the  wet  during  winter,  and  rotting 


the  upper  part  of  the  cutting,  that  the  more  common  mode  of  propagation  is 
by  layers.     Both  layers  and  cuttings  are  made  in  the  autumn,  as  soon  aa  the 
leaves  have  dropped ;  and  they  become  sufficiently  rooted  in  one  year.  (See 
£ncyc.  of  Gard.,  edit.  1S35.) 
1  S.h.  CaPRiPoYiVN  L.   The  QoM'i-leal,  or  pale  pcrJbSale,  HooeynicUe. 

JUnliJIcaMK    Lin.  S)>,,p.M«.i  Dec.  Fiod.,  t.  p.  S3I.  I  Dcm'i  HIU  .&  p  4M. 

^WMiDiKi.    ftTlcIjDitniiiiii  peFfalUtaiD  Crr,  £mac.  11.881.;  ChtnehuUln  il«  Judini,  Pr.  j  I>iirck- 

wubKTie,  O^.  i  Coprifollo,  2laJ. 
Engnumfi.     Eag.  Bol..  1. 1m.  I  ud  our^.  MO. 

Spec.  Ckar.,  S/c      Leaves  deciduous,  obovate,  ^^ 

acuiish,  glaucous ;  uppermost  ones  broads  < 
and  connate.  Flowers  ringent.  terminal,  dis- 
posed in  capitate  whorls.  Stems  twining  i 
from  le(b  to  right.  Buds  acute,  glaucous. 
The  lower  leaves  are  distinct,  and  somewhat  ' 
stalked  1  two  or  three  oftheupper  pairs  united; 
the  uppermost  of  all  forming  a  concave  cup. 
Flowers  in  one  or  more  axillary  whorls,  the 
uppermost  whorl  terminal ;  with  a  central 
bud,  G  in  each  whorl,  highly  fragrant,  S  in. 
Ions,  with  a  blush-coloured  tube.  Berriea 
each  crowned  by  an  almost  entire  calyx. 
(Doti't  MilL)  A  deciduous  twining  shrub. 
Middle  and  South  Europe,  even  to  the  river 
Tereck  in  Siberia,  and  on  Mount  Caucasus, 
in  woods,  hedges,  and  thickets;  in  England, 
it  has  been  occaaionaUy  found  in  similar 
situations,  in  an  apparently  wild  state    Stem  g^.  [  ni  imii  i 

IS  ft.  to   80  fl.       Flowers  blush-coloured; 

May  and  June.    Fruit  elliptical,  tawny  or  orange-coloured ;  ripe  September. 
i  3.  L,  (C.)  BTKu'sCA  San^.     The  Etruscan  Honeysuckle. 


%iuwiiKi.  L.  csx^KX  Hort.  Ft,  Amir.  I.  p.  xe. 
HrllKUBi  Sana,  rt  Sctun.  Snl.  S.  p.  all. ;  PtrttW 
Howl    V  101. :    CiprltMluni  [Iklleum  pcrrDincuin  [ 

aui«  vugg..  i.p.  lis.  t.  l' 


Spec.  Char.,  3fC.  Leaves  deciduous,  obovate,  obtuse, 
pubescent;  lower  ones  on  short  petioles,  upper  ones 
connately  perfoliate,  acute,  glabrous.  Flowers  dis- 
posed in  verticillate  heads,  with  usually  about  three 
heads  on  the  top  of  each  branch ;  gl^rous. 
ipoiCt  Mm.)  A  deciduous  twining  shrub.  South  of ' 
France,  Sicily,  Valais,  Caraiola,  and  Dalmatia, 
on  biUt.     Stem  I5ft.to80A.     iolioduced  ?  1700. 


lowers  purplish 
rait  yellow ;  rip- 


XL.    CAPRIFOLIACE£  :    LONI  CEBJ.  o'iO 

itside,  yellow  within,  scented  ;  Mty  and  June. 


i.  4.  L,  iKPt^'iA  Ait.     The  interwoven,  or  Minorca,  Honeyiuckle. 

Immamri.    CiprlMliim  In^lteum  fl»>.  cl  «ctaU.  Sn(.&.  p. 
/^•AVb     Bat.  Ittf,  t.  MO.  ;  Bid  Durjtj.  K7. 

Spee.  Char.,  ^e.  Quite  glabrous.  Leaves 
pennaneot,  evergreen,  glaurescent ;  lower 
ones  oblong,  distinct ;  middle  ones  per- 
foliate 1  uppemott  ones  connate,  forming  a 
hollow  roundish  cup.  Flowers  disposed 
in  capitate  whoHe,  rin^ent ;  puqilish  before 
they  open,  but  becomiDi  paler  on  the  out- 
ade  as  they  expand,  wbite  on  the  inside; 
but  finally  dianging  to  yellow,  as  in  the 
conunon  woodbine.  {Don't  hSU.)  A  twin- 
ing evergreen  shrub,  fialeanc  Islands, 
and  Sidly.  Stems.  10ft.  to  15 a.  Intro- 
duced in  1772.  Flowen  puiplish,  finally 
changii^  to  yeUow ;  June  to  September.    Fruit 

t.  L.  Lt  baUiriea  Viv.  Comb.  p.  M 
Court.  Bel.  Cuit.,  ei.  2.  vol.  fv.  f 
SappL  490.;  L.  Ceprif6lhMi Dei^  fI  Alt.i.p.  IS3.  — Lower  leaver 
■omewbat  cordate ;  npper  ones  connate,  obovate,  glaucous  beneath. 
Evergreen.  Bark  of  branches  violaceous,  clothnl  with  glaucous 
bloom.  Flowers  t—e  in  a  head,  lai^,  cream-coloured,  15  in,  to 
18  in.  long. 


jjfS^ 


■  5.  L.  flaVa  Sbu.     The  yeUow-^otuend  Honeysuckle. 
II.;  Don't  Kill.  S.  p.  MI. 
i  a|irtIi>lJuinFi«iiiiiPuriligrpt.l.  f.V 


t.  i  Dfc.  Prod.,  4.  B.  ni. ;  Don't  Kill.  S. 
•  Ell.  StOc*.  1.  p^*i.  i  "—•>-■'—  =-•-- 
.  i  aid  ouTJV.  S6S. 


^c.  Char.,  Sic      Q"''^  glabrous.     Branches 
twining  a   little.      Leaves   ovate,  sometlniea 
fii^iucous  beneath,  with  cartilaginous  margins ; 
tipper  leaves  connately  perfoliate.      Flowera 
in  terminal  vertidllate  heads.     Corollas  rsther 
ringent;  with  obtong  obtuse  lobes.     Flowers 
'/       bright   yellow,   but,  as  they   fade,  becoming 
I         orange-coloured;  very  fragrant  {Don'iJlWt} 
'1         A  twining,  deciduous   ^inib.     Paris  Moun- 
tains, in  South  Caro- 
linn;    and  the  Cats- 
kill  Mountains,  New 
York.  Stem  lUft.  to 
12  ft.    Introduced  in 
taiO.  Flowera  bright 
lellow  ;     June    and 

A  ver}  desirable  species,  from  the  lar^  mie,  rici 

Cellow  colour,  and  grateltil  fragrance  of  its  flowers 
ut  somewhat  lender,  and,  even  in  the  ndghbour 
bood  of  London,  requiring  the  protection  of  a  wall, 

.1  6.  L.  (f.)  p[iBB'scE^s  Savii.     Tlie  pubescent 
Honeysuckle. 
linWr«riiiii      BwHl  ttoit.  Bill.,  p.  IH.  1  TlK.  Prod.,  t.  y.  33f.  : 
IhfrlimL,l.p.«H.  W>.   L.ir.|FU*«. 


530  ARBORETUM    ET  FRUTtCETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

Sptonyma'  CM^IbUam  pubtfc«dl  Goldie  In  Eftin.  PAil-  Joum.  ]8n,  April,  p-ttA  t  L.  hlnilt* 
Eitrawmii.  llaot.  Eiot.  Fl.,  t.  V. ;  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  SUB: ;  and  aatJIt.  M9. 
^pec.  CHar.,  ^c.  LeaveE  broad-ovate-elliptic,  on  short  petioles,  pubesceot 
and  dliated,  glaucous  beneath  ;  upper  aaea  connately  perfoliate.  Spikes  or 
racemes  composed  of  vertidllate  heads  of  flowera.  Corollas  beset  with 
slandutar  pubescence.  Flowers  yellow.  (Dan'i  Mill.)  This  appears  to 
Sold  the  piaee  in  the  more  northern  parts  which  L.  flava  does  in  toe  south; 
of  which,  indeed.  Dr.  Torrey  suspects  it  to  be  a  variety.  {Hook.  Ft.  Bar. 
Amer.,  p.  282.)  A  deciduous  twining  shrub.  North  America,  in  Masaa- 
chwetta,  Vermont,  New  York,  and  Canada,  ia  many  places.  Stems  10(1. 
to  IS  ft.  Introduced  in  1B22.  Flowers  yellow  ;  June  and  July.  Fruit  ?. 
It  appears  hardier  than  the  preceding  sort. 

i  1.  L.  PARTiFLO^A  Zfom.      The  small-flowered  Honeysuckle. 

linUdUalUM.  Lim,  Diet..  1.  p.TM.;  Dec.  Prod..  1.  p.  »g,  ;  Doa'l  Mlll.,S.  p.  U^ 
Smmvuvl  (^piinuiua  BUTiaarun  Fwni  StpL  I.  p.  IBI.  i  LoolrtTn  dluln  Lm.  SvM.  Vrw.  ■!. 
IS.  p.  ISl.)  L. mUU  Mmt.  JAif.  Camm.  tliil.lTIB  p.  18.0.;  Oipiailam  bnOeitaa  M^ii, 
FL  Bar.  Amer.  1.  p.  IDS.  ;  C^rifiillum  dbfi:iun  Rum.  rt  SdnOlT^IL  6.  p.  KO.  ;  ClftVb1)Bm 
riidcuin  Mmol;  ^ucmu  HoiMTRiekIa ;  CbinefeulUa  dlotqua,  Fr.i  MHisrUiw  (WMblitt, 
Orr.  \  Tt\iix«iBon  Kimn*rf»Ue.  J>iirct. 

--*        ■        -(,.s7a.«dBVi. 

Spec,  Char,,  cj-c.  Quite  glabrous,  Lewres 
elliptic,  sessile ;  lower  ones  somewhat 
connate ;  upper  ones  connately  perfoliate, 
very  glaucous  beneath.  Flowers  disposed 
in  verti(3llatB  heads.  Corollas  glabrous, 
with  tubes  gibbous 


B  SimwfHUe, 


ther  hairy.     Flow- 
ij        ers      yellow,     and 
^        smaller  than  in  any 
^      of    the    foregoing 
species,   but  vary-  ^ 
ing  exceedingly  m - 
their    colour  ;    for 
_  there  is   a  variety 

BIO.  i.i>irTUu.  mentioned  by  Mi-  „,.  :,-,^,a»in. 

chaux     in    which 
they  are  purple.  fDon'fJTfi^.)  A  deciduous  twinbg  shrub.   NewEn^andto 
Carolina,  in  roctcy  shady  situsdons;  frequent  in  Canada.     Stem  lOft.  ta 
15  ft.  Introduced  in  1776.    Flowers  small,  yellow  ;   June  and  July.    Frtat 
scarlet. 

.£  6.  L.  (p.)  DovQu^u  Dec.    Douglas's  Honeysuckle. 

Itaiyiatliim.     Dec.  Pro*.,  <  p.  SOT. :  Hook.  Fl.  Bot. 

Amir.,  I.  p.  tSl.j  Don-i  ma.,  i  TL  M^ 
SpK^me.    C^urfftllDMDoiitflurDDdl.  Hort.  Tnw.  T. 

Engraving-  Our  Jtg.  9J%  ttom  ■  ipidiDeD  Lp  Dr.  Llndlej'i 

Spec.  Char.,  4rc.  Leaves  oval,  acute  at  both 
ends,  petiolate,  glabrous,  ciliated,  tomentose 
on  the  outside;  upper  ones  connate.  Flow- 
ers disposed  in  capitate  whorb.  Stigmas 
exserted.  Stamens  enclosed.  Corollas 
pubescent,  bilabiate,  deep  orange  red. 
Leaves  4  in.  to  6  in.  long,  deep  green, 
fDonV  Mill.')  A  de<dduous  twining  shrub. 
Western  coast  of  Nortb  America,  on  the 
banks'of  the  Saskatcbawan.  Stems  10ft, 
to  I5f[.  Introd.l8S4.  Flowers  deep  orange 
ydlow;  July  to  September.    Fruit?. 


XL.    CAPRIFOLIA^CE^  :    LONl'CEILrf. 


531 


973.  L.hi»pfdDto. 


974.   L.  hiapidada. 


jk  9.  L.  hispi'dula  Dougl.    The  bristly  Honeysuckle. 

Ideni^kalion.    Dougl.  MSS. 

Swmmifme.    Opriftfium  hifpldulum  Li»dL  Bot.  Reg. 

Emgrtnings.    Bot  Reg.,  1. 1761. ;  and  oarjlga.  978.  and  974. 

Spec.  Char,,  fc.  Hispidly  pilose. 
Umbels  pedunculate.  Corolla 
smooth,  bilabiate,  longer  than 
the  tube  of  the  limb.  Sta- 
mens exserted.  Leaves  peti- 
olate,  cordate-ovate,  obtuse, 
glaucous  beneath,  sessile  to- 
wards the  summit.  Stem 
slender.  Flowers  small. 
(LindQ  A  prostrate  shrub. 
North-west  America,  in  woods. 
Stem  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced 
in  1826.  Flowers  rose-co- 
loured, nearly  scentless ;  July 
and  August.    Fruit  ?. 

A  very    rare    species^    quite 
different    from    all    the    other 
honeysuckles.     Tn  common  soil  it  can  scarcely  be  kept  alive ;  but  in  peat 
and  loam  it  grows  as  readily  as  any  other  hardy  American  plant. 

-i  10.  L.  GRA^A  AU.    The  pleasant,  or  evergreen.  Honeysuckle. 

Jiagrartugs.    Hort.  Angl.,  p.  la.  No.  10.  t.  8. ;  and  our>^f .  978. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  permanent,  obovate,  rather  mucronate, 
glaucous  beneath,  and  reticulately  veined,  glabrous ;  upper 
ones  connately  perfoliate.  Spikes  composed  of  approximate 
whorls  of  flowers.  Corollas  ringent.  Branches  reddish 
brown.  Flowers  inclining  to  scarlet  on  the  outside,  accord- 
ing to  Pursh.  Corolla  nngent,  reddish  on  the  outside,  and 
yellow  inside.  Berries  red.  (Don*$  Mill.)  A  sub-evergeen 
twining  shrub.  Carolina  to  New  York,  on  the  mountains, 
rambling  among  rocks,  in  shadv  moist  situations,  but  rare. 
Stems  15  ft.  to  20  ft.  Introd.  *  ' 
1730.  Flowers  yellow,  red, 
and  white ;  June  or  July  to  Sep- 
tember, and  sometimes  till  the 
commencement  of  frost.  Fruit 
red ;  ripe  in  September. 

The  plant  is  of  vigorous 
growth,  with  woody  stems,  and 
will  live  longer  than  most  of  the 
other  species.  It  is  inferior  in 
viijour  only  to  L.  jap6nica,  the 
Oiprifolium  flexuosum  of  the  nurseries. 

B,  lAmb  of  Corolla  ncarfy  equal.  —  "Periclymenum 

Toum. 

^  11.  L.  SBMFBRvi^RENS  AU.      The  evergreen 
Trumpet  Honeysuckle* 

^^S^f?-  .  ^i:.  ".°^-  ^«^»  *•  P«W-;  I>~-  Prod..  4. 
^;«fc. ;  Doo'i  Mill.,  9.  p.  446. 

W^fww.    Gurimiium  Bempmnrlrent  Mielu.  Ft.  Bor.  Amer. 
^  p.  105. ;  i>l9rlcl^iMnam  lemperTlmu  M(U.  Diet.  No.  1. ;  „g   , 

V  If  2 


975.  Lbj^rku. 


532 


ARBORETUM    ET    FUUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


977.  lib  t.  mkjor. 


Jlat§rnus  •empervlren*  KeeU.  ex  Steud, ;  Perld^cnum  rirginlacum  Riv,  Mim.  116. ;   Uadre 

Xngravmgs.    Hort.  Angl.,  t  7. ;  KrauM,  1. 1. ;  and  oaxfle-  976. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Quite  glabrous.  Leaves  persistent,  sub-evergreen,  obovate 
or  ovate,  glaucous  beneath ;  upper  ones  connately  perfoliate.  Spikes  nearly 
naked,  composed  of  whorls  of  flowers.  Tube  ol  corolla  ventncose  on  the 
upper  side;  limb  nearly  regular,  with  5  roundish  lobes.  Branches  brown. 
Leaves  deep  green  above,  2  in.  long  and  1  in.  broad.  Whorls  of  flowers 
usually  3,  at  the  top  of  each  branch.  Flowers  of  a  beautiful  scarlet  out^ 
«ide,  and  yellow  inside,  about  1  in.  long,  inodorous.  There  are  several 
varieties  of  this  species,  particularly  one  with  an  almost  «pnght  stem. 
(Don's  Mill.)  A  sub-evergreen  twining  shrub.  New  York  to  C^lma, 
in  dry  stony  woods.  Stems  6  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1656.  Flowers 
scarlet ;  from  May  till  August.    Fruit  reddish  yellow ;  ripe  in  September- 

Varieties. 

S  L.  s.  2  major  Ait.  Curt.  Bot. 
Mag.  1781.  (Schmidt  Baum. 
t.  104. ;  and  our  JSg.  977.)  — 
Leaves  roundish,  and  flowers 
very  large,  and   of  a  brilliant 
scarlet. 
i   L.  s.  3  minor  Ait.  Sims  Bot. 
Mag.  1753.  (Ker  Bot.  Reg. 
t.  556. ;   and  our  Jig.  978.) 
L.    connata  Meerb.   Icon.  t. 
11.?  —  Leaves  oblong,  acute 
at  both  ends ;  upper  ones  ob« 
tuse,  perfoliate.  Flowers  small, 
and  scarlet  both  outside  and  inside. 
J  If.  f .  4  Brownii  Gordon.  —  Flowers  larger 
and  brighter  than  those  of  the  species. 
A  very  desirable  variety.. 

The  fine  scarlet  flowers  of  this  spedes,  and  the  length  of  time  during  which 
they  are  produced,  render  it  a  very  desirable  one;  but  it  is  somewhat  tender, 
and  rather  capricious  in  regard  to  situation.  It  will  not  thrive  in  clayey  or 
wet  soil ;  neither  in  the  smoke  of  cities,  nor  in  a  confined  situation.  It  grows 
well  in  sand,  but  still  better  in  sandy  peat 

^  12.  L.  ciLio^sA  Poir.    The  dWated-Jeaved  Honeysuckle. 

IdenMcation,    Polr.  Suppl.,  5.  p.  619. ;  Dee.  Frod.,  4.  p.  839. ;  Don's  Mill..  3.  p.  446. 

Sanumyme$.    CaprifbUam  cillbsum  Pursh  ft  Amer.  Sept.  1.  p.  160. ;   JL  cilidU  DieUr.  La.  SmfpL 

4.  p.  263. 
Engraving.    Our  Jig.  979.  from  a  specimen  in  the  Lambertian  hertiarium . 

Spec.  Char.,  Spc.  Upper  part  of  the  branches  hairy  on  one 
side.  Leaves  coriaceous,  reticulated,  ovate,  on  short  petioles, 
glaucous  beneath,  and  ciliated  on  the  margins ;  upper  ones  con- 
nately  perfoliate.  Spikes  composed  of  approximate  verticillate 
heads  of  nearly  sessile  flowers.  Tube  of  corolla  hairy,  ven- 
tncose in  the  middle;  limb  nearly  equal.  Peduncles  beset 
with  glandular  hairs.  (Don's  MUl.)  A  deciduous  twining  shrub. 
North  America,  on  the  banks  of  the  Kooskoosky.  Stem  6  ft. 
to  1 2 ft.  Introduced  in  1825.  Flowers  deep  yellow;  July 
and  August.    Fruit  ?. 

J  13.  L.  OCCIDENT A^is  Hook.    The  Western  Honeysuckle. 

Identification.    Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  1.  p.  9B9.  %  Don's  Mill.,  Sw  p.  446. 

%monymet.    OftprKMium  occidratAle  Lindl.  Sot.  Reg.  1. 1457. ;  CapriAlium  dlidcom  Dotf^stMSS. 

£ngraving$.    Bot.  Reg.,  1. 1457. ;  and  wajlg.  980. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.    Leaves  oval,  almost  sessile,  glabrous,  ciliated,  glaucous 


978.    L.  %■  mi«Mr. 


979.  UcQl 


XL.  caprifolia'cej  :  loni'cer^,  533 

beneath  ;  opper  onea  connatd;  perfoliate.     Flowers  dis- 
posed in  Tertlcillale  heads.      Corolla  glabrous,  with  en 
'  elongated  tube,  which  is  gibbous  above  the  base;  the 

limb  nearly  equal.     Stamens  almost  enclosed.    {Don't 
Mill.)    Branches  and  peduncles  glabrous.     A  decidu< 
ous  twining  shrub.      Fort  Vancouver,  on  the  Columbia. 
Stems  6ft.  to   \2h.      Introduced  in   1824.      Flowers 
la:^,  oranite  red  ;  June,  July,  and 
August.    Fruit?. 
A  great  acquUitioD  toour  gardens; 
quite  d liferent  from  L.  pub^ccns,  L. 
purvifldra,  and  L.  DougUsu;  and,  if 
MO.  i.<ccUnitik.       tlifi  presence  or  absence  of  hairs  in 
the  corolla  are  to  be  depended  on, 
tt  is  also  different  troax  L.  cilidsa,  which  inhalnts  nearlj 
the  sanie  country 

L.  piloia  WitJcl.,  Dec.  Prod.  iv.  p.  833.,  Cbprifdlium 
TillAsum  //.  B.  cl  Kmlh  Nov.  Gen.  Amer.  iii.  p.  487. 
t.  29S.  (and  our  Jig.  981.),  is  a  native  of  New  Spain, 
in  cold  places,  with  purple  flowers,  not  yet  introduced. 

$  ii.  XyUttaim  Dec. 

Untfficalion.    Dec.  Prod.,  4.  p.U).  i  Don't  MI1L.l.p.4«e. 

Ittoigma,    X}\tarKa  Juu.  On.  311.  j  Ltmittia  Bcnn.  K  Scball.  Srit.  9.  p.  19. ;   X)l6itHin  ud 

ChwDd-iruui  Tamnt,  /»(.  p.  Soa.  i  XjUSuanm  md  /lUa  Adau.  Fun.  a,  0.  aol.  i  Coba'R  Neck. 

Bint.  No-aiD.)  Uw  Fir  HaiU7HKkk|   HackHUrKb*,  Gcr.  |   HoodibeiHii  cr  HnndikvHn, 

VerivaliBK.    From  jjrfiM,  vood.  tnd  dftfoit,  ■  boDC;  tbewood  at  I-  Xjldatcimi  belu  >■  lutd  u 

Sect.  Char..  f(c.  Pedicels  axillary,  8-Sowered,  bibracteate  at  the  apex.  Berries 
twin,  distinct,  or  joined  together  more  or  less  ;  3-celled  in  the  young  state; 
rarely  ^.celled  in  the  adult  state.  The  limb  of  the  calyx  is  generally  de> 
dduous,  therefore  the  fruit  is  usually  not  crowned.  {Don't  Mill.)  Climb- 
ing or  erect  shrubs,  deciduous,  with  leaves  never  connate.  Of  the  easiest 
culture,  and  extremely  hardy. 

FUiuieTt  oregtilar,— 

pu'sA  Dec.     The  conftised  Honeysuckle. 

n  Lwl.  Uari.  ark  iXid. 

IT/    — 

S^c.  ChaT.,Ssc.  Branches  twining,  pubescent. 
I.eaves  ovate,  acute,  rounded  at  the  base, 
downy  on  both  surfaces,  as  well  as  the  pedun- 
cles. Peduncles  axillary,  longer  than  the 
petioles,  2-Aowered,  opposite,  diaposed  in 
something  like  a  thyrse  at  the  tops  of  the 
branches.  Calycine  segments  ovale,  and,  as 
well  as  the  corollns,  pubescent.  The  flowers 
are  snow-white  at  first,  but  gradually  chunge 
to  a  ^Iden  yellow  colour ;  hence  it  is  called 
Stiik^sara  and  Kin^nquu,  thnt  is  cold  and 
diver  flowers,  by  the  Japanese,     Corolla  about  ,,, 

an  inch  lone,  bilntiiute,  (Dtm't  Mil/.)     A  de- 
ciduous twining  shrub.   Japan,  China,  and  the  Himalayas 


584  AHBORETUM    ET    FRUTICEtllM    BRITANNICUM 

15 ft.  Introduced  in  1805.  Flowen  silvery  ubite,  changing  to  gold  colour. 

June  and  July.    Fruit?. 

It  is  somewhat  tender ;  nevertheleis,  it  will  gron-  and  flower  fredy  ipiiut 
an  open  wall  in  the  neichbourhood  of  London  ;  and  the  eitniordinary  in* 
grince  of  its  flowers,  which  are  produced  in  the  greatest  abuodance,  well 
entitles  it  to  a  pliicc  in  every  collection, 

J  15.  L.  LOTfoiFLo'VA  Dee,     The  long<flowered  Honeysuckle. 
UtnUfaMa*.    Dr.  Prnl.,  t.  p.  331. ;  Don't  Hill.,  s.  f  «'■ 
imtammn.    CmAKUam  longfoftrniii  SOMw;  NMoia  loDilAbri  Surf.  Hon.  Bri 
ni.ii  (VpiHStlumJtpinlcum /).i)m /"niif.  K.  Kip.  IM-i  Cuprliilliuin  nrpilcnl 

E^TH'I'K'-  '  ""I  ""G  ,  t.  ISM. ;  ind  OUIjIff.  «.  ™d  9M. 

S}itc.  Char,,  if-c.  Glabrous  in  every  part. 
Branchet  twining.  Leaves  petiotate,  ob- 
long-lanceolate,  shining  above,  and  pale 
beneath.  Peduncles  short,  2-flowered, 
iibout  the  length  of  the  peliolea.  Tube 
of  corolla  very  long  and  filiform  i  linib 
bilabiate.  Flowers  several  inches  long,  at 
firsc  snoW'wbite,  but  finally  changing  to  a 
golJen  yellow  colour.  {Don'i  Mili.)  A  de- 
ciduous twining  shrub.  China  and  Nepal. 
Stem  10  Ct.  to  15  ft.  Introduced  in  lb2G. 
Flowers  snow  white,  changing  lo  gold 
colour;  July  to  September.  Fruit  P. 
L.ii«ui  *  ^'^^^  showy  species,  but  it  is  somenbat  >•*■  JJ^ 

*"■  °~         tender  in  Bdcisn  gardens, 

S  16.  L.  iapo'mca  2Kuni.     The  Japan  Honeysuckle. 

lintiflallim.    Thunb.  Fl.  J»p..  p.**.;  Don'i  Mill.,!.  p.«T. 

Saiumnmri.    }lliilaiaimlai\aSwl.  HorL  BrU.  ri.t.  i  L.  cklntDlIt  Harl.  Klsr,;  L.  Sflntau'' 
Bit.Cai.nm.;  L.  liiiirlu  A>i». !  Cmriailam  cbhitBH  LiMl.  Hon.  Uril.!  C.  aciuliuimBtn. 

Entrarhiti.  Denl.  Brlt-.l.llT.i  Bot.Cib.,  1. 1031.;  BoI.Rrg.  t.Tl«.  i  andauijlfi.  gu.udMt. 
Spec.  Char.,  S/c.  Stems  twining,  flexuoue,  hairy. 
Branchlets  opposite,  very  hairy,  bearing  2  leaies 
and  2  sessile  dowers  at  the  base  of  each.  Leava 
about  an  inch  long,  petiolati 
ovate,  acutish,  villous,  pale  ht  , 
neath  ;  uppermost  ones  the  small- 
eat.  Corolla  tubular,  irregi ' 
about  an  inch  long,  red  and 
lous  on  the  outside,  and  white 
inside,  sweet-scented,  equal  in 
length  to  the  stamens.  (DmCi 
Aim.)  A  twining  shrub.  China, 
Japan,  and  the  Himalayas.  Stems 
]5ft.to30fi.  inlroditced in  ISOG. 
9u.  t-jipHk*.  Flowers  yellow  and  red ;  July  t< 


Perhaps  the  most  valuable  species  of  the  genus,  next  to  thi 
one.  It  te  nearly  evergreen,  apparently  as  hardy  as  the  common  womlbine, 
and  of  far  more  robust  bahit  of  growth  ;  and,  probably,  a  much  longer- 
lived  plant.  Its  flowers,  which  ore  produced  for  several  months  together,  are 
exceedingly  fragrant ;  and,  by  pruning  and  watering,  it  may  be  kept  in  flower 
in  the  open  garden  from  April  to  November,  and  in  a  conservatory  ihrougb- 
out  the  year.  No  garden  wtiatevcr,  whether  large  or  small,  should  be  without 
this  species.  Intending  purchasers  of  this  species  will  find  that  plants  in  pots 
are  much  to  be  preferred,  though  they  are  one  half  dearer  ;  because,  if  tbey 


XL.    CAPRIFOLIA  C£IE  :    LONl  CEBX 


■re  turned  out  into  a  Ivrg/e  maw  of  prepared  lisht 
ridi  soil,  and  placed  ngainst  a  wall,  the  ball  being 
broken,  and  the  roott  *pread  carefully  out  id  even 
direction,  the  shooti  will  cover  several  square  jiarda 
of  wall  the  first  summer,  and  flower  abuDdani' 


I.. /ongi/5/iRHort.Biidour^.  g87,,ofwhicb  there 
are  plants  in  the  Loudon  gardens,  probably  belongs 
to  tbis  lection.  The  plants  are  apparently  only  half- 
hardj.     Fruit  blue. 

Berriet  diitiiut,  or  tuualfy  ctmnale  together  at  the  Bate,  and  diverging  at  lie 
'"  ,    CoToUa  Aardfy  ffbboui  at  the  Bate,  or  equal.   Erect  dedduou*  ifmtbt.  — 


t  Lm.     The  Tartarian  Honeysuckle. 

nn'Man^  Mriil.  y.  ita.  i'X.aXi!ii:um"Dian.  Caiirl. 

K. ;  Jmcq.  ]ata^  I.  S7- ;  Bot.  Baf.,  t.  BJ. ;  ud  OitrJIg*.  Ml , 

dot.,  ire.     Quite  glabrous,  erect.     Leaves  ca 
ovate,  bardly  acute.     Peduncles  shorter  than  ibe  1 
Berries  disdncC  when  young,  and  neurty  globos 
Ht    length    connate    at    the    base. 
Flowers  rose-coloured,  short,  some- 
what gibbous  at  the  base.      Fruit 
black,  with  one  of  the  berries  usually 
abortive.      Bracteas  2,  linear-seta- 
ceous. Peduncles  2-flawered.  (Don't 
Mill.)    An  upright  shrub.     Tartary. 
Height   4  ft.  to   6  ft.      luti'oduced 
in  1758.      Flowers  purplish;  April 
and  May.     Berry  bright  red  ;  ripe 

in   August.  U9.  I.UI41 


2  allufiora   Dec.  Prod.  iii.  p.  335.     L.  pyrenaiea  WUld.  Baiimz., 
p.  181.  —  Flowers  and  fruit  white. 
A  i..  t.  S  ruMJtora  Dec.  I.  c.     L.  grandifldrum   Lodd.Cal.;  L.  sibSrica 

IIuTlal.  ex  Pert.  Ench.  —  Flowers  and  friiit  red. 
tk  L.t.i  lutea  Lodd.  Cat.  has  yellowiiih  flowers  and  yellow  fruit. 
A  L.  I.  5  lalifolia  Lodd.  Cat.  has  broad  leaves. 
This  is  one  of  the  moiit  hardy  of  European  shrubs,  and  one  of  the  few 
which  grow  in  the  open  gardens  of  Petersburg  and   Stockholm,  without  pro- 
tection during  winter.     In  British  gardens,  the  plant  is  very  common,  and  it  is 
valued  for  its  early  leaiinrr  end  flovering.     It  will  grow  in  any  soil,  and  ahnost 
in  any  situation,  and  is  readily  propagated  bv  cuttings. 


5prc  Char.,  ^c.     Erect.     Leaves  oval-obloi 
or   elliptic,   on   short   petioles,  rather    v^.    i 
Ions  wnun  young,  but  nearly  glabro      '      '     " 


536  ARBOnETUM  ET   FRUTICETUU  BRITANNICUH. 

■horter  llian  the  leaves.  Corolla  re<]iliah,  snd  pubescent  on  the  outtidc, 
but  whitish  on  the  insule.  ftscteas  i,  under  the  oTaries;  the  two  outer 
ones  lanceolate,  and  the  inner  quadriGd.  Berries  black,  globose,  joined 
together  at  the  side.  (Oon'i  ASH.)  An  erect  shrub.  Middle  Europe,  in 
eubalpine  woods,  ai  m  France,  Switzeriand,  Austria,  Silesia,  Piedmont, 
&c.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1597.  Plovers  whitish  ;  March 
to  Hay.    Fruit  black  ;  ripe  in  August, 

M  L-  ('■}  ".  S  campanijldra ,-  Xyl^steum  campanifldrum  Lodd.  Ca6,  t. 

1361.,  and  our^i.  990,  991. ;  has  the  flowers  bell-shaped. 
a  19.  L.  (t.)  cili*'ta -Wiii/L     The  ciliated-Zeaiwif  Honeysuckle. 


Ul.,3.  p.  US. 


:  1.  p.  16 


UmUflealiim.    MUhl.  Cu..  ,,  _.  , . 

EHgTowin^.    OuTj^.  E>E>3.  from  4  ILvlpf  ipedmm. 

^e.  Char.,  ^c.  Erect,  Leaves  ovate  or  ohlong, 
cordate,  thin,  ciliated,  villous  beneath  in  the 
young  stale.  Pedundea  elongated.  Bmcteaa 
8,  ovate,  three  times  shorter  than  the  ovaries, 
which  are  distinct.  CoroUa  bluntly  spurred  at 
the  har-e;  with  short,  nearly  equal  lobes.  Ber- 
ries distinct,  red,  divaricate.  Flowers  white, 
with  H  linge  of  red  or  yellow  •  tube  ventiicose 
above  i  limb  with  short  acute  segments;  style 
protruded,  [Don't  MUl.)  An  erect  shrub. 
Canada  to  Virginia,  and  throughout  Canada, 
on  mountains  among  rocks,  in  rich  soils. 
Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  in  188*. 
Flowers  reddish  or  yellowish  white ;  June,  July. 

■  20.  L.  pvrena'ici  L.     The  Pyrenean  1 
MnHfttaltmt.    Lin.  sp..  p.  MS. ;  Dk,  Prod..  4  p.  UA, ;  Don'i  Mill. 

"-ndraitua  prmnWcum  ia™.  KA.S.paSS.;  Xyliai 

Bntrmbit.  Ouxjif.  SSS.  frnn  ■  ipcdmRi  la  Ox  BHclth  HuHum. 
^>ec.  Char.,  Ifc.  Glabrous,  erect.  Leaves  obovate-lanceolate, 
acute,  glaucous  beneath.  Peduncles  24lowered,  shorter 
than  the  leaves.  Bracteas  oblong-linear,  foliaceoua.  Flowers 
almost  r^ular.  Berries  globose,  distinct.  Corolla  white, 
twice  the  size  of  that  of  L.  Xyl6ateum,  funnel-shaped: 
limb  5-cleft,  flat ;  with  equal,  ovate,  obtuse  s^ments. 
{Don't  Mill.)  An  erect  shrub.  Pyrenees,  on  ealcareoua 
rocks,  in  exposed  situations.  Height  4  ft.  to  5  ft.  Intro- 
duced u  1739.    Flowers  white ;  hUj.   Berries  wtute. 

I'cE*  Smt.     The  crimson ^/ftiiwrei 


HimoKsmt.    Sjniphorlcirpoi  nnifnoi  Apt 
Emgratiiisi.    Bo[  Hue.,  t.  tm. ;  ind  oar  fig.  SM. 

Spec.  Char ,  Sfc.  Erect.  Leaves  ovate,  subcor- 
date  at  the  base,  of  the  same  colour  on  both 
surfaces.  Peduncles  aiiilary,  and  almost  ter- 
minal, S-flowered,  shorter  than  the  leaves. 
Tube  of  corolla  rather  gibbous  at  the  ba£c ; 
segments  of  corolla  nearly  equal,  irr^rulBrly 
arranged,  3  one  way  and  8  another.  Berries 
distinct  ?.  Leaves  sometimes  three  in  a  whorl 
on  the  youn^  shoots.  (Don't  JUiil,)  An  erect 
■hrub.    Native  country  unknown.     Height  2  ft. 


XL.    CAPniFOCIA'cE£  :    LONl'CER^.  537 

to  4ft.    CttltivBted  in  I8S2.    Flowen  deep  red,  scarlet,  or  crimson ;  April 
and  May.    Fruit  ?. 
•  S8.  L.  XvLiysTBUif  L.    The  bonj-wooded,  or  vprigit.  Fly  Hooejmckle. 

■  L*m'.  FLFr.  i'p.  >CT.'  Xrlit™  iluiirtlinnn  Vrnc*  tMk. 
.I*»lcarj(c9S>- 

Spec.  Char.,  Bfc.      Erect,  down^. 

ovate,  acute,  petiolate,  soft.     Peduncles 

2-flowered,    snorter     than     the     leaves. 

Brecteu   hairy,  double  ;    the  two  outer 

ones  lanceolate,  spreading;  inner  a  small 

coDcaTe  scale  under  each  germ.     Berries 

oral,  dudnct,  l-celled,6-secded.   Flowers 

small,  cTeaiih.coloured,  downy.     Calyx  of 

5  obtuse  lobes.    Berries  scarlet.    {Don't 

JUiU.)     An  upright  shrub.     Europe,  to 

Caucasus,  in  thickets,  hedges,  and  rocky 

p^ces,    and    by    the    sidex    of   woods. 

Height  8ft.  to  lOft.     Cultivated  in  1596. 

flowers  cream-coloured;   July.       Fruit 

scarlet ;  ripe  in  September.    Naked  young 

wood  greyish  white. 
CarirfiM. 

t,  L,  S,  2  UucocarjnimDec.  Prod.  it.  ,^  ;  t.iiiiiihi 

p.  335.  has  white  berries. 
m  L.  X.  3  xavlhocirpwn  Dec.  1.  c.  has  the  berries  yellow. 
^  L.  X.  ir  jiic/anocarjium  Dec.  1.  c.  has  black  berries. 

Linnteus  says  that  it  makes  excellent  hedges  in  a  dry  soil ;  that  the  clear 
parts  between  the  joints  of  the  shoots  are  used  in  Sweden  for  tobacco-pipes ; 
and  that  the  wood,  being  extremely  hard,  makes  teeth  for  rakes,  &C.,  and  yields 
only  in  beauty  to  that  ofL.  tatarica  for  walking-sticks.  It  is  one  of  cheoldeat 
and  hardiest  inhabitants  of  British  shrubberies.  Id  the  English  garden,  or 
rather  pork,  at  Munich,  it  is  planted  in  masses  and  groups,  along  with  other 
masses  and  groups  of  CVimus  &Iba,  .Salix  TiteUlne,  and  rib£imum  O'pulus ; 
and,  in  the  winter  time,  the  whitish-grey  bark  of  its  shoots  contrasts  finely 
with  the  red,  yellow,  or  brown,  bark  of  the  shrubs  mentioned. 

^  S3.  L.  Hi'sFiDA  PaiL.     The  hispid  Honeysuckle. 
JUnuMatltm.     Pdl.  n  Willd,  Mas.  i  Lad.  fW.  Bim.  Alt. 


Spec.  Char.,  Ssc.  Branches  hispid.  Learea  ovate, 
dilated,  petiolate,  glabrous  on  both  surfaces. 
Peduncles  2-Sowered.  Bracieas  ovate-elliptic, 
exceeding  the  berries.  {Don'i  Miil.)  An  up- 
right shrub,  tiiberia,  on  the  Altaian  Moun- 
tains. Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  ?. 
Flowers  greenish  white,  pendulous  :  May  and 
June.  Berries  ilistinct,  purple;  ripe  in  August. 
Branches  <^posite,  glabrous  or  bristly,  brown- 
ish. Leaves  1  j  or  2  inches  long,  and  1  in.  broad, 
giabrous  on  both  surfaces,  cordate  at  the  base. 

«  64.  L.  FLExuo'sA   ThoKh,     Hie  deiible- 

ttcmmed  Honeysuckle. 

UnnOkaHim.     Thonb.  In  Lin.  Tnoi..  i.  p.  tX.,  bat  not  ol 

Ld^..  nar  Kiri  Don'i  Mill.,  i.  t.  Hi. 
Sfrnmrnrr.    L.  DlKTii  TIntnt.  fl.  Jim.  p.  W.,  Ult  ngt  Of  LiR.  | 


53S  ARBOHETCM    ET    FKUTICETUM    BRITAKNICUM. 

EHunrlMX.    Out  jdf.        .  In  p. 

Spec.  C/iar.,  Src.  Erect,  branched.  Branches  very  villoiu  at  the  apex.  Leaves 
OTate-obiong,  acute,  on  shurt  petioles,  glabrous;  petioles  rilloua  ;  nerves  of 
leaves  puberuloiu.  Flovera  axillary,  lew,  almost  sessile.  Berries  ^oboae, 
glabrous.  Stems  flexuous.  Leaves  about  an  inch  long;  upper  one*  the 
smallest.  Peduncles  hardly  a  line  long.  Berries  distinct,  ovate,  acuminated, 
black.  (Don'i  Mill.)  An  erect  deciduous  shrub.  Japan.  Height  4  ft.  to 
S  ft.    Introduced  in  1806.  Flowers  ?  ;  June  and  July.  Berries  black ;  ripe  P. 

C.  Beniei  cither  ditimcl  orjotaed  togelAer.  Oirolla  very  fftboat  at  the  Sate. 

Erect  buihy  ShriAi.  —  CvpHanlhtt  Dec. 

Dcrivaaim.    From  htphatt  gibbous  ind  amlkoM^  A  Aovftr  i  ]□  raTenoe*  to  tht  flower  bebiB  flbboof 

M  S5.  L.  i^tolvcra'ta  Bankt.     The  involucrated  Honeysuckle. 

limakaHon.    Bviki  Ilcrti.  <I  Sprcog.  SjU.,  1.  ■>.  Ttt. ;  Dk.  Prod,  L  p.  3X.  i   Don'i  MUL,  1 

Snimimir.    Xrl<)iuaiB  InrDliKrltun  Jtistardi.  In  Ftault.  flmJaim.  cd.  I.upcnil.  n.  G. 
BnfTawlmtt.    Oui/rf.  »;,S98,9D0. 


Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Erect.  Branches  acutely  tetragonal.  Leaves  ovate  or  oral, 
petiolate,  membranous,  bciel  with  appressed  hairs  beneath.  Peduncles 
axillHry,  2--3-flowered.  Bracteas  4  :  two  outer  ovate,  two  inner  broad, 
obcordate,  at  length  widening,  clothed  witb  glandular  pubescence.  Corolla 
pubescent,  gibbous  at  the  base  on  the  outside;  yellowish,  tinged  with  red. 
Style  exserted.  {Don't  Mill.)  An  erect  shrub.  North-west  America 
between  lat.  54°  and  64°  (but  probably  confined  to  the  vicinity  of  the 
Saskatchawan)  j  thence  to  the  Rocky  Mountains.  Height  8  ft.  to  3  ft.  In 
troduced  in  1824.     Flowers  yellowish,  tinged  with  red  ;  May.     Fruit  ?. 

HFHier  dur/i(".ii 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  ErecL  Branches  elongated,  acutely 
tetragonal.  _  Leaves  ovate  or  oblong,  somewhat  acu- 
minated, stiff,  pubescent,  tomentose  on  the  nerves. 
Peduncles  axillarj-,  2— 3-f!oweieil.  Bracteas  4;  Souter 
ones  ovate  ;  2  inner  broad  obcordate,  pubescent,  at 
length  increasing  in  nizc.  Corollas  gibbous  at  the  base 
on  the  outside.  Berries  distinct.  (Don'*  Mill.)  An 
erect  deciduous  shrub.  California.  Height  2  ft.  to 
3  ft,  Introduced  in  1838.  Flowers  yellow,  tinged 
with  red  ;  June  and  July.  Berries  dark  purple:  ripe 
m  September.  r    r    •     t- 

Very  nearly  allied  to  L.  involucrata. 


XL.    CAPRIFOLIA'CEf:    LONl'cER^.  ^39 

ll.  r.trriet  liuu  on  each  Fediau:ti:,jmacd  together  in  one,  w/iic/i  U  /n-moKScOtc 

at  the  Apex.     Erect,  bu4/iy,  decidaout  SArubi. —  laikx  Adaiu. 
Q/rinitB*.    A  ume,  Uh  orlflD  of  atitcta  li  unknown,  oniplDfed  bjr  Adiiuwi  M  dMlEniU  Ibli 


L  H.    The  alpine  HoneysuckU. 


U.  Do  Hud,  I. 


Ei^artagt-    Jirq.  Fl.  Ami,, 

Spec,  dor.,  ifc.  Erect.  Leaves  oval-Inn  ceolate 
or  elliptic,  acute,  glabrous  or  pubescent,  on  very 
short  peliolcB,  rather  ciliated.  PediiDcles  Si-flow- 
ered, Bhorter  than  the  leaves.  Corolla  gibbous 
Bt  the  base,  and  sreenish  yellow  tinged  with  red 
or  purple.  Bemes  red,  and  of  the  size  and 
appearance  of  those  of  a  chenrt  whence  it  is 
ciilled  cherry  woodbine  by  Johnson.  Leaves 
large.  (Don'i  MiU.)  A  large,  upright,  deciduous 
shrub.  Middle  and  South  of  Europe,  in  sub- 
alpine  places  and  mountains.  Height  fift.  to 
en.  Introduced  in  1596.  Flowers  greenish 
yellow,  tilled  with  red ;  April  end  May.  Fruit 
red ;  ripe  in  August. 

»  L.a.  2  vbhica  Dec.  Prod.  iv.  p.  336.  L.  . 
sibirica  Fell  in  Rism.  et  Schidt.  Sjfil.  5. 

S25d.  —  Lower   leaves   rather   cordate.  ^ 
eduncles  thickened  a  little  under  t 
flowers,      like  most  other   varieties   of 
trees  and  shrubs,  natives  of  the  West  of 

Europe,  and  also  indigenous  to  Siberia,  coming  into  leaf  and  flow* 
°  '-'*''■ ^re,  earlier  than  the  species. 


L.<*.) 


'lla  WiJld.   The  small-leaved  Honeysuckle. 


7.!«.\ 


h^"!?; 


lut  A-  i»a- 
^c.  Char.,  Sic.  Leaves  elliptic,  acute  at  both  ends,  glaucous 
beneath,  rather  villous  on  both  surftces,  and  sometimes 
rounded  ot  the  bnse.  Peduncles 
^-flowered,  and  shorter  than  the 
leaves.  Corollas  greenish  jeliow. 
Berries  Joined,  of  arcddish  orange 
colour.  The  epidenius  falls  fiom 
the  branches.  (iJoii'i  Mill.)  An 
erect  shrub.  Eastern  Siberia. 
>*""■  Height  3  n.  to  4  ft.     Introduced 

in  I61B.     Flowers   greenish   yellow;  April   and  ' 

Maj'.     Fruit  reddish  orange ;  ripe  in  August. 

M  29.  L.  ohloscifo'lia  Hook.   The  oblong-leaved 
Honeysuckle. 

Sfmotgrnl.    XjISRoum  abloii|tR>1iuii>  OMir  In  Edm.  PUI.  Jonrn. 
£r^n*A«i.    IlMk.FI.Bor.  Amor,  1. 1.1011.  Iindow-JU.KXH. 


540 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Spec,  Char.i  ^c.  Erect.  Leaves  oblong  or  oval,  clothed  with  velvety  pu* 
bescence  beneath.  Peduncles  elongated,  erect.  Bracteas  obsolete.  Tube 
of  corolla  hairy,  gibbous  at  the  base  on  one  side.  Limb  unecjual,  deeply 
2-lipped ;  the  upper  lip  4-toothed,  and  the  lower  one  nearly  entire.  Bemei 
joined  in  one,  which  is  bi-nmbilicate  at  the  top,  bluish  black  in  the  dried 
state,  and  about  the  size  of  a  pea.  {DotCs  Mill.)  An  erect  shrub.  Island 
of  Montreal,  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  about  Montreal ;  Lake  Winnip^ ;  and 
the  western  parts  of  the  state  of  New  York.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1823.  Flowers  yellow  ,  April  and  May.  Fruit  bluish  black ;  ripe 
in  August.    Horticultural  Society's  Gurd' 


i»p. 


1000.   L.  cartlM. 


lOCMi.  L. 


A  30.  L.  c^ruYea  L.    The  hlM^-bcrried  Honeysuckle. 

Identifieatton.    Lin.  Sp.,  340. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  4.  p.  837. ;  Dob't  Mill,  8.  p.  4S0. 

S^mmvmfs.  L.  rlllbsa  MttU.  Cat,  p.  28. ;  XyI6tteon  yill6»uin  MicAr.  FL  Bor.  Anur.  1.  p.  I06L ; 
X.  Solhais  Eaton  Han.  Bot.  p.  61&  ;  L.  reluUna  Dte.  Prod.  4.  p.  337.  \  L.  altlica  Pall,  Ft  Bus. 
t.  37. ;  Xylditeum  ccrlileuin  canad^nae  Lam,  Did.  1.  p.  731. ;  X.  canadfose  Du  Howl  Jrk  1 
p.  373. ;  Oiprifftlium  cardleum  Lam.  Ft  Pr.,  Chamaicentfus  oerCklaa  Dttarb.  FL  An.  \  L.  ffS' 
reniica  Pall.  Fl.  Jtou.  p.  A8  ;  L.  Palliksii  Led.  FL  Rom.  Alt.  III.  1 131.    CiUegia  aipina,  llaL 

Sligravings.  Bot.  Mag.,  1. 1965. :  PalL  Fl.  Ron.,  C.  37. ;  Led.  Fl.  Ross.  Alt.  111.,  1. 131. ;  and  oar 
Hgt.  1005.  and  lOOG. 

Spec.  Char,,  cfc.    Erect.   Leaves  oval-oblong,  ciliated,  stifiBsh,  densely  clothed 
with  pubescence  while  young.   Peduncles  short,-  2-flowcred,  reflexed  in  the 

fructiferous  state.  Bracteas  2,  subulate,  longer  than  the 
ovaria.  Tube  of  corolla  glabrous,  short,  gibbous  on  one 
side  at  the  base  ;  lobes  of  limb  short.  Dearly  cquaL  Ber- 
ries closely  joined  in  one,  which  is 
bi-umbilicate  at  the  apex.  Flowers 
greenish  yellow,  tubular.  Berries 
elliptic  or  globose,  dark  blue,  and 
covered  with  a  kind  of  bloom.  Bark 
of  young  shoots  purplish.  There 
Is  no  difference  between  the  Ame- 
rican and  European  plants  of  this 
species.  (Don^s  Mill,)  An  erect 
shrub.  Europe,  and  throughout  the  woody  country  of  British  North 
America,  as  far  as  lat.  66** ;  and  of  Siberia  and  Kamtschatka.  Height 
3ft.  to  5 ft.  Introduced  in  1629.  Flowers  greenish  yellow;  March  and 
April.    Fruit  dark  blue ;  ripe  in  August. 

tt  31.  L.  ORiBNTA^is  Lam,    The  Oriental  Honeysuckle. 

JdetUffication.     Lam.  Diet.,  I.  p.  731. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  4.  p.  337. ;  Don*t  Mill.,  3l  p.  40a 
Sfffumymes.    L.  cauc&sica  Pail.  FL  Rou.  1.  p.  &7. ;  L.  csriilea  GUU.  liitt.  1.  p.  423.,  ChanuKfraia 

oricntAli*  /aurlf61ia  Toum.  Cor.  p.  4a. 
Engraw'ng.    Our  ^.  1007  from  Tournefort's  tpedmen  In  the  Britlth  Mawmn. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Erect  Leaves  on  very  shor 
petioles,  ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  quite  entire* 
smoothish.  Peduncles  2-flowered,  shorter  than 
the  leaves.  Bracteas  2,  setaceous.  Berries 
joined  in  one,  didymous  and  bi-umbilicate  at 
the  apex,  10-seeded.  Leaves  stiffish,  veiny, 
larcer  than  in  L.  cserulea.  Flowers  greenish 
yellow.  (Don's  Mill,)  An  erect  shrub. 
Iberia  and  Asia  Minor,  in  woods.  Height 
3  ft.  to  5  ft.  Introduced  in  1825.  Flowers 
greenish  yellow  ;  April  to  June.  Berries 
black  or  dark  blue ;  ripe  in  September. 

M  32.  L.  iBE^RiCA  Bieb,    The  Georgian  Honeysuckle. 

JdefUiflcatiom.  Bieb.  Fl.  Taur..  and  Suppl.,  395. ;  Dec.  Prod..  4.  p.  837. ;  Don't  Mill.,  8.  p.  ^.-iO. 
Svnonyme.  Xrl6iteon  ib^ricum  Bieb.  Cent  PL  Rar.  1. 1.  13.  ex  Suppl.,  and  Lodd.  Cat.  ed  ISML 
Emgra9tngs.    Dieb.  Cent  Fl.  rar.,  1. 1.  13.,  ex  Suppl. ;  wadJSgs.  loOS.  1009.  from  Uring  tpedmeot. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.    Erect.     Leaves  petiolate,  cordate,  roundish,  tomentose  or 


1007.  L.oriantkftk 


XL.    CAPRIFOLlA^CEai:  :    SYMPHORICA^RPOS* 


541 


m^^^ 


X008.    L.lliMca. 


» 

pubescent.    Peduncles  S-flowerecI,  shorter  than  the 

leaves.     Bnurteas  oblong,  ciliated.    Berries  joined 

together  to  the  middle,  globose.    Corollas  lucid,  of 

the  form  of  those  of  L.  alpigena.     Ovarium  touen- 

tose.     Leaves  like  those  of  Cotone&ster  vulgaris 

(DorCs  MUl.)    An  erect 

shrub.     Oeorsis*  about 

Teflis.     Height  3  ft.  to 

4fr.  Introduced  in  1624. 

Flowers  greenish  yellow; 

April  and  May.     Fruit 

blood-coloured,     som^ 

times  pointed  as  in  Jig. 

1008. ;  ripe  in  August. 

A  very  neat  little  bush, 
which  makes  very  good 
garden  hedges. 

**  ^  1009.    klbMok 


Genus  V. 

LJiA 

SYMPHORICAnRPOS  Difl.  The  St.  Peter's  Wort.   Lm.  Ifytt. 

Pentlindria  Monogynia. 

Ident&teaUm,   Dili.  Slth.,  p.  871.  s  Dee.  Prod.,  4.  p.  S8S. ;  Don's  MUL,  S.  p.  451. 

I^Nommua.    SymphoriduiM  Seek.  Elem.  p.  ttO.  (  Symptabria  Pen.  Enck.  1.  pi  214. ;  AnltAathus 

HTUtf.  BtL  ;  JLonkera  ip.  Urn. 
DertvaUoH.  Vraa  tumpkonS.  to  ■ceumnlale,  uid  karpos,  trait ;  fpedat  bearing  the  Ihiit  In  gnmpi. 

How  It  obtained  the  name  or  St.  Peter*i  Wort  we  have  not  been  able  to  ascertain. 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  tube  globose ;  limb  small,  4 — 5-toothed.  CoroUa  funnel- 
shaped,  almost  equally  4-^5-lobed.  Stamens  5,  hardly  exserted.  Stigmas 
semiglobose.     Ovariwn  adnate.    Berry  4-celled.  (Don*t  MUL) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  ezstipulate,  deciduous ;  oval,  quite  entire.  Flowers 
4m  short  peduncles,  axillary  or  many  together,  bibracteate,  small,  white  or 
rose-coloured,  on  short  pediceIs.-*-Snrubs  erect,  bushy,  oppositeljr  branched ; 
natives  of  Europe  and  I^orth  America ;  of  the  easiest  culture  in  common 
gaiden  soil ;  and  readily  increased  by  suckers,  which  they  throw  up  in  abun- 
dance. 

A  1.  S.  vulga'ris  Michx.    The  common  St.  Peter's  Wort. 


MIchx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  1.  p.  100. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  4.  p.  SSO. ;  Doni  Mill..  8.  p.  451. 

De^.  Cat, ;  Sjmf^&na  oonglo- 
p.  ICS. 


r.  LoDtcer«  Sjmaphorlcftrpos  Lm.  &».  S49. ;  &  parTifldra 
»«r>.  Enck.  1  j>.  214. ;  Symphbria  glomer&ta  Furth  Srj.i. 
«.    Schmidt  Eamn.,  1. 116. ;  and  omjlg.  1010. 


Jdmffleathn 

meriU  Pfr$ 
EngTMrimgM 

Spec,  Char.^  4-c.  Flowers  disposed  in  axillary- 
capitate  clusters,  composed  of  nearly  sessile 
racemulcs.  Corolla  white.  Berries  red,  size 
of  bempseed ;  but,  in  America,  according  to 
Pursh,  the  flowers  are  small,  red  and  yellow, 
and  the  henries  purple.  Branches  brown, 
smooth.    Leaves  elliptic  ovate,  obtuse,  glau- 


cous,  and  pubescent  beneath.    The  berries  are  Al 
numerous,  and  ripen  in  winter.    {DonU  MUL)   i 


An  erect  bushy  shrub.  Virginia,  Carolina, 
and  Pennsylvania,  in  sandy  dry  fields.  Height 
3  ft.  to  6ft..  Introduced  in  1730.  Flowers 
small,  red  and  ydlow ;  August  and  September. 
Fruit  purple ;  ripe  in  December. 


lOtO.   SfOipbMldaiai  «i%irit. 


542 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICDM. 


Varieftf* 

f»  S,  V.  2  jfolns  variegaHf,  8.  glomerata  foliis  variegitis  LoeW.  Cat^  has 
the  leaves  finely  variegated  with  green  and  yellow, 

a  2.  S.  MONTAGUS  Humb.  et  Bonp,    The  Mountain 

St.  Peter^8  Wort. 

Ident^oHon.    Hnxnb.  et  Bonp.  Nor.  Gen.  et  Spec.,  3.  p.  331 ;  Dec. 

Prod.,  vol.4,  p.  339. 
Synom/me*.    STmphbria  montlUia  Spreng.  Sjfti.  Veg,  I .  p.  767.  t  S.  glau- 

c£sceiu  Don'»  Mill  3.  p.  462. 
Engravings.    Maund't  Botanivt,  1. 1.  20. ;  and  oar^i;; .  1011. 

Spec,  Char,^  Sfc,  Leaves  ovate,  acute,  sh'ghtly  mu- 
cronate,  rounded  at  the  base,  pubescent  l)eneath. 
Flowers  axillary,  mostly  solitary.  A  dense  erect  sub- 
evergreen  shrub.  Mexico,  on  mountains,  7000  to 
8000  ft.  of  elevation.  Height  5  ft.  to  6  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1829.  Flowers  pinkish  ;  August  to  Oc- 
tober.   Fruit  globose  white ;  ripe  in  December. 

A  very  desirable  shrub,  perfectly  hardy,  and  almost 
evergreen.  It  commences  flowering  in  August,  and 
does  not  cease  till  it  is  checked  by  frost.     Layers  in 

common  soil.  ion.   S.mmltaa. 

A  3.  S.  BACEMo^us  Mxchx,  The  racemose^ou^erec/  St.  Peter's  Wort,  or 

SnowheiTy, 

Identification,    Mlchx.  FI.  Bor.  Amer.,  I.  p.  107. ;  Dec.  ^rod.,  4.  p.  839. ;  Don't  IflU.,  3.  p.  451. 
^nonymtt.     Symphbrla  racembia  Pursh  SepL  1.  p.  162. ;   ?S.  elongita,  acd  S.  hetarophyiU  FreU 

in  Herb.  Htenke ;  S.  leucocirpa  Hort. 
Engravingt.    Bot.  Mag.,  t.  mil. ;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.,  t.  230. ;  and  our  ^.  1012. 

Spec.  Char.f  ^c.  Flowers  disposed  in  nearly  terminal, 
loose,  interrupted  racemes,  wnich  are  often  leafy.  Co- 
rolla densely  bearded  inside.  Style  and  stamens  enclosed. 
Leaves  glaucous  beneath.  Corolla  rose-coloured.  Ber- 
ries large,  white.  (Doti*s  Mili.)  A  bushy  shrub,  with 
numerous  ascending  shoots.  North  America,  on  moun- 
tains, near  Lake  Mistassins,  on  the  banks  of  the  Missouri, 
and  various  other  places.  Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1817.  Flowers  rose-coloured;  July  to  Sep- 
tember. Fruit  large,  white;  ripening  in  October,  and 
remaining  on  great  part  of  the  winter. 

The  S.  elongatus  and  S.  heteropliyllus  Presl  in  Herb,  ffeenke,  which  were 
collected  about  Nootka  Sound,  do  not  differ  from  this  species,  in  which  the 
lower  leaves  are  sometimes  deeply  sinuated.  In  small  gardens,  this  shrob  is 
rather  troublesome,  from  the  numerous  suckers  it  throws  up  from  the  roots ;. 
but,  as  its  flowers  are  much  sought  after  by  bees,  and  its  berries  are  excellent 
food  for  game ;  that  habit,  when  it  is  planted  for  these  purposes,  is  found 
rather  advantageous  than  otherwise.  For 
single  specimens  in  small  gardens,  it  might  be 
desirable  to  graft  it  on  Lonicera  Xyl6steum, 
or  some  allied  species  of  suitable  habit.  So 
grafted,  standard  high,  it  would  form  a  very 
elegant  little  tree. 

j»  4.  S.  OCCIDENT aYis  Richards,  The  Western 
St.  Peter's  Wort. 

Ident(ficotion.    Richards,  and  Frankl.  1st  Joura.,  edit.  2., 

app.  p.  6. ;   Hook.  FL  Bor  Amer.,  1.  p.  285. 
Synanyme.    Wolf-berry,  Amer. 
Engraving.    Oar  Jig.  1013.  from  a  specimen  in  Sir  W.  J. 

Hooker^s  herbariam. 

Spec,    Ckar,^   ^c.       Spikes    dense,    terminal 
and  axillary,  drooping.    Corolla  and   seg-  lou.  s.  oeddemuia. 


lOlS.    8.  race(n;>asw 


I 

L 


?CE..    CAPRIFOLIA'CEiC  :    LEYCESTE  R/J. 


545 


meat!'  d-itidr  bewled  iuridR.  Style  and  stainena  a  little  eiaerted.  (Don'i 
Mill.^  A  dense  shrub,  bearing  a  close  resemblance  to  S.  raceuidsus.  Bri- 
twh  North  Ainerica,  in  the  woody  countrj-  between  lat  54°  and  W°.  Beight 
in.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  ?.  Flowers  pinkish  ;  Jul;  to  S^tember.  Fruit 
white ;  October,  and  remainiilg  on  during  the  winter. 

Distinguished  Iroin  S.  racemdsus  b;^lhelarger,  less  glaucous,  more  rigid,  and 
denser  foliage,  and  by  the  flowers  being  arranged  in  dense  drooping  i[nkei, 
longer  than  in  S.  racemdsus,  and  by  the  prominent  style  and  stamens. 


LiJ 


LEYCESTE'R/J  Wall.     Tbe  Levcestekia.     Un,  Sysl.  Pentfcndria 

Honogynia. 

UlmUJIfatHm.    WlU.  hi  Roib.  FL  Ind..  t.  p.  IB), ;  Dm:.  Prod,,  t.  p.  13&  I  Don'!  UUI,  1.  p.  n. 
OcrtodfriBa.    Hinitd  br  I)r.  WiUlch  iiftiT  hb  Mead  ff  iUmb  Z^VOMr,  ftwnvlT  ctaM  )iidfa  of 

prbidpil  hUIh  muR  irndK- thi  ntafl  Pnaldwcy  ;  "  *badurfii>B  IcuwHrin  of  niini,  un! 

Tvlouf  puU  oT  HlodooKu,  hu  puriued  «t«t  bruch  of  boiHeulhirs  wJIfa  ■  munlBcaKr,  i 

•od  luctcu.  vblcli  ibDodulij  mtftla  hha  (o  thai  dUdncUon." 

Cra.  CKor.      Calyr  with  an   ovate   tube,    and  an   unequal,    &-parted,  p 
manent  limb.     Segmenlt  unequal,  small,  linear,   glandularly  ciliated.     I 
rotia  funnel-shaped  ;  having  the 
tube  gibbous  above   the   base, 
and  the  limb  campanulate,  and 
divided  into  5  ovate  nearly  equal 
lcd)e),    Slameni  6.   Sigma  cap:-  ' 
tate.     Berry  roundish,  5-ceUed. 
(IhR't  Mm.) 
LeavtM  simple,  oppoote,  exsti- 

C'ate,  sulvevergreen  ;  onUe- 
ceobte,  acominated,  petiolate, 
smooth,  entire,  membranous, 
glaucous,  with  an  obtuse  sub- 
cordate  base.  PeUolei  pilose. 
Flowm  white,  with  a  tinge  of 
purple ;  disposed  in  whorts, 
nwming  short  leafy  drooping 
racemes,  which  terminate  the 
bmnchcs  and  branchlets.  Brac- 
leai  large,  foliaceous,  purplish, 
pubescent  and  ciliated,  lanceo- 
late, acuminated ;  generally  6 
under  each  whorl  of  flowers. 
Betrir-i  deep  purple,  approach- 
ing Co  black,  an  targe  as  a  con:- 
Dion-siied  gooseberry.  Shrub 
large,  rambling,  with  elongated 
fistular  ,  branches,  which  rise 
from   scaly   buds.      Native    of 

This  genua  appears  to  be  inter- 
mediate between  Caprifoliacete 
■nd  Aubiicez  ;  but  from  the  last 
it  ii  disnoguished  by  the  want  of 

stqwles. 


544.  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

ft  1.  L.  FORXO'SA  Wail,    The  beautiful  Leyceiiteru. 

Ideni(fleaHon.    Wall.  In  Roxb.  Fl.  (nd..  3.  p.  182. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  4.  p.  8M.     Don*8  Mill.,  5.  P  4SU 
8vnomt/me,    HamMfo  connAta  Puerari  MSS. 
Bngratingt.    PlaaU  Ai.  Bar.,  3.  t  120. ;  and  oat  Jig.  1014. 

Spec.  Char.,  9fc.  As  in  Oen.  Char.  A  large,  rambling,  sub-evergreeo  sbroli. 
Nepal,  on  mountains  ;  between  6000  ft.  and  8000  ft.  high,  among  forests 
of  pine  and  oak.  Height  in  England,  against  a  wall,  6  ft.  to  8  ft.  Introduced 
in  1824.  Flowers  white,  with  a  tinge  of  purple ;  August  to  October.  Fruit 
purple ;  ripe  in  October. 

Trained  against  a  wall,  this  shrub  has  proved  quite  hardy,  but  in  our  cloudy 
atmosphere  it  has  rather  disappointed  expectation  in  the  colour  of  its  bracteas, 
which  are  much  Iras  brilliant  tnan  they  appear  to  be  in  the  Himalayas.  Cut- 
tings or  seeds,  which  are  ripened  freely,  in  common* soil. 


Order  XLI.    JBUBIA^CEiE. 

Ort}.  Char.  Calyx  with  a  variable  limb.  Corolla  monopetalous,  with  a 
variable  limb,  but  generally  4— 5-lobed ;  aestivation  twisted  or  valvate. 
Stamens  eaual  in  number  to*  the  segments  of  the  corolla,  and  more  or  less 
ndnate  to  its  tube.  Ant/ien  introrse. .  Ovarium  2-  or  many-celled,  crowned 
by  the  limb  of  the  calyx.  Style  1.  Sti^mat  2.  Fruit  baccate  or  capsular. 
Cell*  1 — 2-  or  many-seeded.     Albumen  horny  and  fleshy.  (G»  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  or  3  in  a  whorl,  stipulate,  deciduous.  iStJ- 
pules  short,  distinct,  or  a  little  combined.  Flowers  on  peduncles,  naked, 
rising  from  the  axils  of  the  leaves,  or  from  the  tops  of  the  branches  ;  heads 
globose,  in  consequence  of  the  flowers  being  sessile,  and  seated  on  a  sessile 
piiiferous  receptacle. 

This  order  includes  a  great  number  of  genera ;  but  there  is  only  one  of 
these  that  contains  any  ligneous  species  truly  hardy  in  British  gardens. 

Genus  L 


CEPHALA^NTHUS  L,    The  Button-wood.    Xm.  Sy$t.  Teti4ndria 

Monog^ia. 

Zdeni^ealioti.    Lin.  Oen..  No.  118.';  Gcitn.  Fruct,  SL  t.  86.  Lon.  111.,  t  89. ;  Joit.  Mte.  Mol. 
6.  p.  402. ;  Rich.  Dlu.,  wtUi  a  fig. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  4.  p.  038. ;  Don's  Mill.,  8.  p.  610. ;  Lodd.  Cat.,  cd. 

Svn^mfrme*.    GephaUnte,  Fr.  i  KnopfUom  'Ger. ;  CefaUnto,  JttU. 

^eripaUoH.    From  kepkale,  a  head,  and  antkot,  a  flower  { in  allusloB  to  the  llowen  being  diipoMd 
in  globular  heads. 

Gen,  Char.  ^fc.  Calyx  with  an  obversely  pyramidal  tube,  and  an  angulsr 
5-toothed  limb.  Corolla  with  a  slender  tube,  and  a  4^eft  limb;  lobes 
erectish.  Stamens  4,  short,  inserted  in  the  upper  part  of  the  tube,  hardly 
cxserted.  Style  much  exserted.  Stigma  capitate.  Frtdl  inversely  pvrsf- 
midal,  crowned  by  the  limb  of  the  calyx,  2— 4»? celled,  and  separating  mto 
2 — 4  parts ;  cells,  or  parts,  1 -seeded,  indehiscent,  and  sometimes  empty  by 
abortion.  Seeds  oblong,  terminating  in  a  little  callous  bladder.  (Dan's  Mill.) 
—A  shrub,  with  terete  branches ;  native  of  North  America. 
Leaves  and  Flowers  as  in  the  order. 

A  1.  C.  occiDENTA^us  L,    The  Wcstem  Button-wood. 

Idadifieatiom.    Lin.  8p.,  188. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  4.  p.  538. ;  Don*s  Mill.,  8.  p.  610. 
^wewfiiKi.    C.  oppositHbllus  Mtnek  Meik.  p.  487. ;  Swamp  Globe  Flower,  Amer. 
Engfwmst.    Du  Ham.  Arb.,  1. 1.  54. ;  Sdimldt  Arb.,  1. 1  45. ;  and  our  Ap*  1015.  and  1016. 

Spec,  Char.^  Sfc,    Leaves  opposite,  or  3  in  a  whorl,  ovate  or  oval,  acuminated. 


J 


Peduncles  Diuch  longer  than  tlic 
heads,  utually  by  threes  at  the 
tops  of  the  bnuiche>.  Petioles 
reddish  next  the  branches.  Heiuli 
of  flowers  dobuUr,  size  of  h  war- 
ble.     Stipulea  deciduous.    {Don't 


JtSl.)  A  bush;  shrub.  Canads  to  Florida,  in  nurthy  places.  Hnghc 
3ft.  toeft.  Introduced  in  1733.  Flowen  ydlowish  wWe  ;  July  and 
August.    Fruit  bronuish ;  ripe  in  October. 

Varieiy. 

■  Co,  2  brachypodut  Dec.  Prod,  ir,   p.  539.  —  Lesves  elhpticK>blong, 

3  in  a  wbori,  on  short  petioles.  Petiole*  3 — 1  line*  long.   There  are 

-raricdcs  of  this,  with  either  glabrous  or  downy  branches.     North  of 

Mexico,  near  Rio  de  la  Trinidad  and  B^ar, 

It  will  grow  in  (omnion  garden  soil,  but  prefers  pnt  kept  moist ;  and  is 

propagated  chiefly  by  seeds,  but  will  also  grow  by  cuttings  and  layers.     It  is 

on  mteresttitt  shrub,  from  its  curious  round  heads  of  flowers,  and  from  the 

lateness  of  we  season  at  which  these  appear. 


Order  XLII.    COMPO'SIT.^. 

Obd.  Cbax.  Cafyx  limb  membranous  or  wanting;  or  divided  into  bristles, 
palea^  or  hairs.  CoroUa  5-toothed  or  5-lobed,  tubular,  ligulate,  or  bilabiate 
on  the  lop  of  the  orarium.  Atttheri  combined,  larely  free.  Ocai-ium  I- 
cdled,  l^ceeded.  Style  ].  Stigmatt.  Frvit  an  achenium,  crowned  by 
the  limb  of  the  calyx.  Albumen  none.  Characterised  by  the  cohesion  of 
the  antben,  and  the  arrangement  of  the  flowers  in  involucrated  heads  on 
a  common  receptacle.     (G.  Don.) 

Leavei  umple,  or  compound,  stipulate  or  exstipuhte,  dedduotu  or  ever 
green.  Flowm  grouped  in  bead*  ;  those  in  each  bead  so  disposed,  and  so 
environed  by  an  involucre  composed  of  bracteas  that  corresponds  to  a 
calyx,  a*  to  seem  to  constitute  but  one  flower. 

T%e  genera  that  bclude.  hardy  ligneous  specie*  are  moatly  natives  of  Eu- 
rope and  North  America :  they  are  Ml  of  the  easiest  [>ropwation  and  culture 
in  any  common  garden  soil,  and  are  thus  contradistinguished :  — 
8TSHEi.f  N^  Leasing.    Flowers  bisexual.    Receptacle  with  chafly  projections. 
itA'ccHAKis  R.  Br.    Flowers  dicecioua,  all  tubular.     Receptacle  naked.  Pap- 

Pfm  L.  Flowers  moncedous,  all  tubular.  Bec^taclc  flat  paleaceous.  Achenia 

naked,  but  homed. 
Santoli'na  L.     Recqitade  furnished  with  somewhat  llower-clasping  pales. 

Achenia  naked. 
AKTxm'siA  Cass,    Receptacle  cbaffless.    Achenia  naked.    Heads  diK<Md. 


546 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


jSiENB^cio  Leisms.  Receptacle  naked,  or  alveolate.  Styles  penciled.  Pap- 
pus pilose,  caducous. 

MuTi^s/^  Cav.  Receptacle  naked.  Achenia  somewhat  beaked.  Pappus  of 
many  series,  feathery. 

With  the  exception  of  ^^ccharis,  there  is  scarcely  a  plant  belong^  to 
the  order  Comp6sitae  which  is  truly  ligneous,  and  at  the  same  time  hardy  in 
British  gardens,  and  sufficiently  bulky  for  a  general  arboretum.  Where  au 
arboretum  is  planted  on  a  lawn,  and  where  it  is  not  intended  to  cultivate  the 
soil  about  the  roots  of  the  plants,  there  is  not  a  sinele  genus  in  this  order,  with 
the  exception  of  that  mentioned,  which  could  with  propriety  be  introduced. 
Even  the  common  southernwood,  if  not  planted  in  dug  soil  or  on  rockwork, 
would  soon  become  stunted,  and  would  ultimately  die  off.  Nevertheless,  in  a 
technical  enumeration  of  trees  and  shrubs,  these  species  could  not  be  omitted. 

Genus  I. 


□ 


ST^HELPNil  Lessing.    The  Stjehelina.    Lm.  St^st,  Syngenesia 

^qualis. 

Identification.    Leiiing  Svnops.  Gen.  Compos.,  p.  5. ;  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.,  ed.  2.,  toL  4.  p.  512. 
Synonyme.    Stnheline,  JPr.  and  Qer. 

Derivatton.    So  named  in  hoaoxa  of  John  Henry  Staheltn^  and  his  tan  Senediet^  Swiss  botaaiits 
and  phfiicians. 

Gen,  Char.y  S^c,  Heads  homogamous,  equal-flowered.  InvoLturwn  cylindrical, 
the  scales  imbricated  and  adpressed.  Receptacle  flat,  paleaceous;  the 
paleae  narrow,  persistent,  hardly  concrete  at  the  base.  CoroUa  5-cleft,  re- 
gular. Filament  glabrous.  Anthen  appendiculate  at  top,  bisetose  at  the 
base ;  the  tails  more  or  less  bearded.  Style  bearded  on  the  thickened  part 
Stigmas  concrete  at  base,  and  free  at  apex,  obtuse.  Frmt  oblong,  areolate 
at  apex.  Pappus  in  one  series^  the  hairs  combined  at  the  base  into  4  or  6 
bundles.  {G.Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  linear,  hoary  or  silky 
beneath  Flowers  in  terminal  spikes,  usually  naked.  —  Subsbrubs,  ever- 
green j  South  of  Europe  ,  of  easy  culture  in  dry  soil,  and  propagated  by 
cuttings  or  seeds. 

IS.  1.  S.  Du^BiA  L,    The  doubtful,  or  Rosemary- 

leaved,  Stsehelina. 

JUenttfieaiioH.     Lin.  Sp.,  1176. :  Less.  Sjn.  Gen.  Compos.,  p.  n. : 
*  Willd.  Sp.  PI.,  3.  p.  1783. 
Synonyme.    S.  rosmaiinifbUa  Cass.,  acoording  to  Less.  Sjm.  Gen. 

Compos.,  p.  5. 
Engravings.    Ger.  Prov.,  p.  190.  t  6.;  Lam.  HI.,  6G6.  f.  4. ;  and 

ourjig.  1017. 

Spec,  Char.,  S^c,  Leaves  sessile,  linear,  finely 
toothed,  tomentose  beneath.  Inner  bracteas 
of  the  involucre  lanceolate,  elongate.  (Willd,) 
An  evergreen  undershrub.  South  of  Europe. 
Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  Cultivated  in  1640.  Flowers 
purple,  fragrant;  June  and  July. 

Genus  II. 


^AXCHARIS  R:  Br,    The  Baccharis,  or  Ploughma^s  SpiKENAEik 

Lm,  Syst,  Syngenesia  Superflua. 

Jdej»i0cation.    Less.  Syn.  Gen.  Compos.,  p.  204. ;  Ait  Hort.  Kew.,  ed.  a.,  voL  6.  p.  Si. 
Synonyvut.    Bacchante,  J^.;  Baccharis,  Ger. 


XLii.  composite:  aacchabis. 


Gen.  Char.,  ^c.  HeaOt  many-flowered,  diiEciouii.  Corolla  honioganioUs,  tubular. 
Receptacle  nnked,  seldom  lubpaJeaceous,  Invotucrvra  oubhemisphericn),  or 
oblong,  in  many  nerieii,  imbricated.  Corollat  of  the  male  flowers  S-elcft, 
dilated  at  the  throat;  antheri  exserted,  taillesit;  «^b  more  or  less  abor- 
IJTe.  Corolia  of  the  female  flowers  filiform,  Mibtruncate;  ityle  bifid,  exserted ; 
oniAeri  wanting.  Achtvia  generally  furrowed,  or  ribbed.  Papptit^Aose,  of 
the  ma!e  in  one  series,  of  the  female  in  one  or  many  series.  (G.  Don.) 

Leavet  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  i  oblong  lanceolate, 
notched,  serrated,  or  entire.  J'fouvri  terminal. — Shrubs,  of  ahort  duration  ; 
native!  of  Nonh  America ;  of  common  culture  and  propagation. 

■    1.    B.  fMLIBIIPO't] 


UauVtatiim.    Lip.  Sp.,  lltX, ;  WUId.  Sp.  PI.,  i.  p.  19IS. 
Sjpieitmt.    Statao  rrwrtHXBt  Hart.  Km. 
SntTiaitifs,    Schmldl  Usuzn.,  1 81 J  Du  Hun.  Alb..  1.  n.  t  uid  our 
Jlf.  lOIB. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  obovate,  crenately  notched 
on  the  terminal  portion.  (WUld.)     A  large  rambling 
ahrub.  Man^land  to  Florida,  on  the  aen  coast  Hdght 
Sft.  tolOft.    Introduced  in  1083.    Flowers  white, 
with  a  tint  of  purple,  and  reaembline  thoae  of  the 
groundsel,  but  larger ;  September  to  November. 
Chiefly  remarkable   for   the  glaucoua   hue   of   its 
leaves,  in  consequence  of  the  whole  plant  being  co- 
vered with  a  whitiih  powder.     Its  general  E^pcamnce 
accorda   with   that  of  the   genus  >l'triplei,  and  the 
shrubs  of  both  families  are,  accordingly,  well  calcu- 
lated  for   being   grouped  together.      .Biccharia  ^ali- 
mifolia   will    grow    in    any   common    soil   which    is 
tolerably  dry,  attaining  the  height  of  6  or  8  feet  in 
3  or  4  years ;  and  forming   a   large,  loose-beaded, 
robuBt'looking  bush,  of  from  10  ft.  to  12  ft.  in  height, 
and  12  or  15  feet  in  diameter,  in   10  years.      Cut- 
tings,  in  dry  soil  and  an  open   '' 


.  2.  B.  («.)  , 


'leaved  Baccbaris,  or 


I  ft  ipednvi  Id  ttw  Lupb*rtlui  bflrbuium. 

^tc.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  narrow,  linear,  entire.  Panicle  com- 
pound, manv-flowered.  Involucre  small.  (PariA.)  A  aub- 
evergreen  shrub,  of  less  vigorous  growth,  and  somewhat 
more  tender,  than  the  preceding  species.  Carolina  to 
Florida,  on  the  eea  cnast,  and  on  the  bonks  of  the  Mississippi. 
Hdght  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  18IS.  Flowers  white;  July 
to  ^ptember. 

Ndther  the  flowers  nor  tho  leaves  of  this  or  the  preceding 
spedes  can  be  said  to  be  dther  beaudful  or  ornamental;  partly 
because  they,  as  well  as  the  seeds,  bear  a  strong  general  re- 
semblance  to  the   leaves,  flowen,  and   seeds  of  the  common  "         _^^^ 
^oundsel,  a  weed  of  tiresome  occurrence  in  gardens,  and  with 
irhich  all  our   associations  are  the  reverse  of  those  of  rarity  or   dt^onee. 
Add  also  that  groundsel  trees  can  hardly  be  considered  as  truly  ligneous  planti, 
fur  which  reason  we  consider  them  wanting  in  that  dignity  of  character  widch 
belong)  to  all  plants  truly  woodr. 

H  S  Z 


548 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Genus  III. 


rVA  L.    The  If  a.    Lin  Sj^st.  Syngen^ia  Necess^ia. 

Identification,    Lin.  Gen.  Fl..  1429. ;  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.,  ed.  ^,  toI.  6.  p  181. 
Derivation.    UncerUin.    Perhaps  from  Yua,  a  name  oced  \xj  the  elder  botaalitt. 

Gen,  Ckar.f  S^c.  Flowers  moncecious,  male  and  female  on  the  same  head : 
female  ones  few  on  the  same  head,  in  a  single  series  around  the  circum- 
ference, they  are  tubular  or  campanulate ;  the  male  flowers  are  numerous 
in  the  disk,  they  are  tubular  and  5-toothed.  Involucrum  usually  3-n5- 
leaTed,  campanulate.  Scales  ovate,  in  one  series ;  rarely  imbricate,  with 
3  or  4  series  of  scales.  Receptacle  flat,  beset  with  linear  or  linear  s[»thu- 
late  paleas.  Styles  on  the  female  flowers  subulate,  exserted,  rather  hispid; 
those  of  the  males  shorter,  and  thickened  at  top.  Achenia  of  the  disk 
abortive,  those  of  the  ray  a  little  compressed,  naked,  but  furnished  with 
horns.  (G.  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  deciduous;  lanceolate,  serrated. 
Flowers  in  terminal  heads,  solitary  or  three  together,  constituting  a  folia- 
ceous  terminal  raceme. —  Suflhitescent  deciduous  shrubs,  with  the  habit  of 
Artemisia,  but  readily  distinguished  by  the  monoecious  flowers.  Indigeooui 
in  North  America,  on  the  banks  ot  rivers.  There  is  only  one  shrubby 
species  in  British  gardens. 

^  1.  /.  frute'scens  L,    The  shrubby  Iva. 

Identifieathn.     Lin.  Amoen.  Ac,  8.  pi  2ft. ;  Willd.  Sp.  FL,  8.  p.  2887. ;  Fursb 

Sept.,  2.  p.  580. 
Sgmn^nnea.    ifg6rato  afflnis  peniTUna  fratCsoans  Pluk,  Mm,  12.  t.  27.  f.  1. 1 

Baitard  Jesuits*  Bark  Tree 
Engravings.    Fluk.  Aim.,  12l  t  27.  f.  1.;  and  ova  Jig.  1090. 

j^pec.  Char,,  8^c,  Leaves  lanceolate,  deepljr  serrated,  rough 
with  dots.  (WiUd,)  A  suflhiticose  deciduous  bush,  of 
little  or  no  beauty  in  the  popular  sense  of  that  word.  New 
England  to  Florida,  on  the  sea  coast.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft. 
Introduced  in  1711.  Flowers  greenish  white;  August 
and  September. 

In  sheltered  dry  situations  it  is  tolerably  hardy ;  but,  when 
freely  exposed  in  moist  soil,  it  is  apt  to  be  killed  to  the 
ground  in  severe  winters.  Cuttings.  The  Pva  frutescens 
can,  however,  hardly  be  considered  a  truly  ligneous  plant. 

Genus  IV. 


ION.  I. 


□ 


SANTOLPNA  Town,    The  Santolina,  or  Lavei^der  Cottos,  Lm,  S^ 

Syngenesia  .£qujdis. 

Identification,    Toum.,  t.  26a ;  Lin.  Gen.  Fl.,  1278. ;  Less.  8yn.  Gen.  Compos.,  p.  V9. 

Sa^nonymei.    Santoline,  Fr. :  HeOlgenpflanse,  Ger. ;  Santolina,  ItaL 

Derivation,    Tram,  sanetut,  noly,  and  iniiini,  flax  ;  so  caUed  from  its  supposed  medical  qioallticf • 

Gen,  Char,,  S^c.  Heads  many-flowered,  sometimes  homogamous,  and  som^ 
times  heterogamous.  Flowers  of  the- ray  few  ;  female,  from  abortion;  some- 
what ligulate.  Receptacle  convex,  subhemispherical,  furnished  with  oblong 
half-flower-clasping  paleae.  Involucrum  usually  campanulate,  with  im- 
bricate adpressed  scales.     TtAe  of  corolla  usually  produced  at  theboie 


XLII.    COMPo'siTiE:   ..fllTEMl'S/^.  549 

Mow  into  a  ring  or  hallow,  which  girda  the  top  of  the  ovarium.    AiAema 
oblong,  subtetragonal,  qtute  glabroua.  (G.  Dm.) 

Leavet  simple,  alternate,  eiatipulate,  erergreen  ;  nnall,  linear,  toothed,  in 
rows.  FlouHTi  capitate,  bractless;  yellow,  rarely  white. -r  Diminutive 
CTergreen  undershmbs,  natives  of  the  Sonth  of  Europe,  and  aromatic  in 
«U  their  parte ;  of  easy  culture,  and  propagation  by  cuttinss,  b  any  poor 
•andy  aoi!,  but  of  short  duration. 

a.  I.  S.  Ciiamxctpji 

IJmtmceUim.    Un.  Sp,  im.;  WOld.  8p.Pl..>.  p.lTST. 

^nmijmri.  Prtlt  Cyprii.  fV-.  I'AbnKuiD  reonntu.  Ilai. ;  C 
EmgraHugl^    Lun.  Ul.,  bTl.  C.  1. ;  uidootjtg.  loai. 

^  Spec,  Char.,  <fc.  Blanches  tomentoae. 
Leaves  hoary,  toothed ;  the  teeth  ob- 
^  tuse,  and  in  four  rows.  Each  peduncle 
bearing  a  single  head  of  flowers,  which 
has  a  downy  involucre.  {WiUiL)  A 
low  evergreen  bush.  South  of  France, 
in  poor  dry  toils.  Height  2  St.  to  'i  ft. 
Introduced  in  1573.  Flowers  yellow; 
July. 

The  laTender  cotton  was  conunon  in  gar- 
dens in  Gerard's  lime,  who  says  it  is  acrid,  bitter,  and  aro- 
matic, and  has  much  the  same  qualities  as  southernwood.  It 
was  fonnerly  employed  as  a  vermifuge,  but  is  now  disused. 

outer  Speciet. —  S.  iquarrim  W.,  S.  vbidit  W.,  and  S. 
nmariia/dlia  L.  (our  fig.  1028.),  are  in  gardens,  but  they 
■re  better  adapted  for  bdng  treated  aa  herbaceous  plants 
than  aa  shrubs.  "" 


□  □ 


.iRTEMI'S/^  Cau.  Trb  Aktbhisia.    Im.  Si/tl.  Svngenesia  Sup£rflua. 

IdtmtffteMKm.  Caulni,  Kcardlpg  ta  Lcutogln  hli  Syoop,  Gvu.  Compoc,  p.  2G1.  i  Alt.  Hdrt.  Kew,, 
wUta  at  UuuolUb  ;  Vim  U  »  CTpreu-lik«  And  drooplllK  CIIAnctar  La  IDCae  ol  tim  ipodn,  tbiC  mtj 

Gnt.  CAar.,  Sfc.  Headi  discoid,  homogamous  or  heterogamoue.  Flower$  of  the 
r^  in  one  series,  usually  female,  3-lobed.  Style  bifid,  exserted.  Flowert 
of^  the  disk  5-toothed,  hermaphrodite,  or  sterile  or  male  from  the  abor- 
tion of  the  ovarium.  Inixlucnan  imbricate ;  scales  dry,  with  scabrous  margins. 
Secrptacle  cbaffless,  flattish  or  convex,  naked  or  hairy.  Achema  obovate, 
naked,  with  a  minute  epigynous  disk. — Herbs  or  undershrubs.  The  spe- 
dea  are  nearly  all  dispersed  through  the  northern  hemisphere.  Leaves 
alternate,  variously  lobed.     Heads  disposed  in  spikes  or  racemes,  and  the 

? likes  or  racemes  tisually  disposed  in  panicles.     Corollas  yellow  or  purple, 
Isnts  more  or  less  bitter  or  aromatic.  {G.  Don.') 

X>rarf<  simple  (apparently  compound),  alternate,  ex  stipulate,  deciduous; 
de^ly  cut  and  divided.  Flowert  terminal.  —  Woody  or  suffrutescent  ever- 
green plants,  natives  of  Europe  and  Asia  ;  all  of  them  highly  fragrant  and 
aromatic,  and  of  the  easiest  culture  in  any  dry  soil. 


550 


AKBORETUM    ET    FIIUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


tt.  1.  A,  Abro^tasvu  L.     The  Abrotanum  Artemisia,  or  SoulhemuxHxL 

Jdentifleahon.  ."Lin.  Sp.,  1185.  ;  Willd.  Sp.  PL,  S.  p.  1818. ;  Ait.  Hort.  K«w^  ed.  2.  toI.  S.  p.  >. 

Sj/nonjfme*.  ilbr^tanum  mis  Dod,  Pempt.  2L:  Old  Man ;  Armolse  Aurone,  Aurone  des  JanUai, U 
Citronelle,  la  Garderobe,  Fr. ;  Eberraute,  wermuth,  SUbwurtz.  Gartenwurtx.  Ger. :  AbroCano. 
Ital.t  Spam.,  and  Port. 

Derivation.  The  Greek  name  for  this  plant  is  Abrotonon,  which  is  ranously  denved  flrom  atrotom, 
iacorruptible ;  from  abroUm,  unfit  for  food ;  from  the  soft  delicacy  (abrotis)  of  its  appearance ;  or 
fh>m  aorot,  soft,  and  tonof ,  extension,  because  it  is  extended,  or  grows  in  a  yenr  soft  manao'. 
Why  Linnaeus  and  otiiers  write  it  Abrotanum  is  not  known.  The  name  of  Old  Man,  douhdess, 
has  reference  to  its  grey  and  powdery  appearance.  It  is  called  Garderobe  in  French,  from  its 
being  used  to  prevent  moths  from  getting  into  clothes-presses  and  wardrobes.  Eberraute  is  boar's 
rue ;  and  Wermuth,  wormwood ;  Stabwurts  means  staff  root ;  and  Gartenwurts  garden  root. 

Engravings     Blackw.,  t.  SA. ;  Woodv.,  356.  t.  119. ;  and  our  y^.  1023. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Scetn  straight.  Lower  leaves  bipinnate, 
upper  ones  pinnate,  with  the  segments  hair-like.  Calyxes 
pubescent,  hemispherical.  (  WiUd.)  A  suffhiticose  bush. 
South  of  Europe,  Siberia,  Syria,^  and  China.  Height 
3  ft.  to  4  ft.  in  low  situations,  and  in  mountains  not  above 
half  that  height,  with  the  branches  recumbent.  Introduced 
in  1596.    Flowers  yellowish  ;  August  to  October. 

Variettet, 

tt.  A.  A.  2  hiamle  Hort.  is  a  low-growing  spreading 

shrub,  found  on  mountains  in  the  South  of  Europe, 

and  retaining  its  dwarf  habit  for  some  years  in 

British  gardens. 

■.  A.  A.  3  toboltkianum  Hort.,  A.  tobolskiana  Lodd. 

Cat^  was  introduced  from  Siberia  in  1820  or  be- 

fore,  and  is  a  much  more  vigorous-growing  variety,  and  lai^ger  in  all 

its  parts,  than  the  species. 

Well  known  for  its  fragrance,  which  appears  to  proceed 
from  glandular  dots  in  the  leaves. 


Other  Species, — A.  arborescent  L.,  a  native  of  the  South 
of  France  and  the  Levant,  is  said  to  attain  the  height 
of  6  or  8  feet,  but  it  is  more  suffrutescent  than  A. 
^brdtanum.  A.  procera  Willd.,  South  of  France,  is 
equally  ligneous  with  the  common  southernwood,  and 
grows  to  the  height  of  5  or  6  feet  in  the  Paris  garden, 
where  it  stands  tne  winter  without  protection.  A.  San- 
ionica  L.,  and  our  fig,  1024.,  is  a  low  spreading  bush,  not 
exceeding  a  foot  in  height. 


1023.  A.  ilbrdumun. 


lost.  >l.  SkBitfolca. 


Genus  VI. 


5ENEX^I0  Lessing.    The  Senecio.    Un.  Syst.    Syntrenesia 

Sup^ua.  •  ^  ° 


Synon§fmei 
DtrivaUon 


drop. 


^^\Zzff'  ^  y  homo^mous,  discoid,  or  heterogaraous.  Flowers  of  the 
ray  Ugulate,  female.  Involucre  in  one  series,  sometimes  naked,  and  some- 
time calyculated  by  accessory  scales.  Scales  usually  sphacelate  at  apex,  with 
subscarious  margms.  frequently  marked  by  two  nerves  on  the  ba^  Re^ 
ceptacls  destitute  of  jMileae,  naked  or  alveolate.    Styles  of  hermaphrodite 


XL!  I.   COMPO'SIT^:    MVTI'SIJ. 


551 


flowers  truncate,  and  penciled  at  apex.  Achema  beakless,  wingless,  nearljr 
terete,  and  sulcately  angular.  Papjjiu  pilose,  in  many  series,,  caducous  ; 
bristles  erect,  nearly  equal,  very  slender,  scarcely  scabrous. — Herbs  or 
shrubs,  very  variable  in  habit.  Leaves  alternate.  Flowers  solitary,  co- 
rymbose, or  panicled.  Liguls  of  heads  yellow,  rarely  purple  or  white ; 
tlie  disks  usually  yellow.  {G.  Don,^ 

Leaves  simple,  apparently  compound,  alter- 
nate, exstipulate,  evergreen ;  pinnatifid.  Fhwen 
terminaL— A  sufihiticose  bush,  native  of  the 
South  of  Europe. 

tt  1.  S,  CiNERA^RiA  Dec,    The  Cineraria-like 
Senecio,  or  Sea  Ragwort. 

Idemtifkatum.     Dec  Prod..  6.  p.  3SB. ;   Sweet  Hort  Brit,  ed.  3. 

p.  384. 
Sgmmjfmtt,    dnerirU  nuurltima  L(n.  Sp.  1244:  Jaoote^a  ma- 

rtdma  Bonp. ;  Sicilian  Ragwort :  Ctn^raire,  Jr. ;  M eerttrands 

Aacdieapflaaze.  Ger. ;  Cenerina,  itai. 
EttgraviagM.    Flor.  Grcc.,  t.  871. ;  and  our  Jig.  109fli 

Spec,  Char.,  8fc,  Leaves  pinnatifid,  tomentose  be- 
neath ;  the  lobes  obtuse,  and  each  consisting  of 
about  3  obtuse  lobelets.  Flowers  in  panicles. 
Involucre  tomentose.  {JV'dtd,)  A  sufihi* 
tescent  bush,  remarkable  for  the  white  mealy 
aspect  of  its  rambling  branches  and  foliage.  South  of  Europe,  on  tne 
sea  coast  and  on  rocks.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1596.  Flowers 
yellow,  ragwort-like;  June  to  August. 

Unless  planted  in  very  dry  soil,  it  is  liable  to  be  killed  to  the  ground  in  se- 
vere winters ;  but  such  is  the  beauty  of  its  whitish,  large,  and  deeply  sinuated 
foliage,  at  every  season  of  the  year,  that  it  well  deserves  a  place  on  rockwork 
or  against  a  wall,  where  it  may  be  associated  with  iSblf^um  marginatum,  and 
any  other  ligneous  whitish-leaved  species  of  that  genus. 

Genus  VII. 


102^.  S.  Cintr^rta. 


\J 


.MUTrS/i4  Cav.    The  Mutisia.    Urn,  SytU    Syngenesia  Polygamia 

Superflua. 

JdaUifkaUou,    lin.  fiL  Sup.  Plant ;  Dee.  Prod.,  7.  p.  4. ;  Car.  Icon.,  &  p.  64. ;  Hook.  Bot.  Mifc., 

1.  p.  7. 
DerfvatioM.    Named  bf  Linnnu  after  hia  learned  friend  and  correspondent,  Don  Jose  CeUstimo 

Mutit,  chief  of  the  botanical  expediUon  to  New  Grenada. 

Gen,  Char,,  Sfc,  Heads  heterogamous,  unequal-flowered.  Involucre  of  many 
series  of  flat  imbricated  scales; 'outer  ones  shorter.  Receptacle  naked. 
Flowers  of  the  disk  hermaphrodite,  those  of  the  ray  female.  Corollas  bila- 
biate, the  tube  5 — 10 — 15-nerved;  those  on  the  disk  rather  tubular,  the 
throat  not  distinct  from  the  tube;  outer  lip  of  the  limb  tridentate,  inner 
one  bipartite :  the  outer  lip  of  the  ray  flowers  large,  ligula-formed,  and 
tridentate  at  apex ;  under  one  bipartite,  with  linear  lobes.  Antliers  wanting 
in  the  ray  flowers  ;  those  in  the  oisk  exserted,  long-tailed.  Style  cylindrical, 
bifid.  AchevSa  beaked,  ribbed,  long,  and  glabrous  ;  the  paleae  being  confer- 
ruminated  at  the  base,  fall  ofi^  altogether  or  in  one  piece.  {G,  Don.) 

Leaves  simple  or  apparently  compound,  alternate,  ezstipulate,  ever^een ; 
entire  or  serrated ;  the  common  petiole  usually  drawn  out  at  the  end  into  a 
tendril.  Flowers  purple,  rose-coloured,  or  yellow.  —  Climbing  shrubs, 
natives  of  South  America,  requiring  the  protection  of  a  wall  in  the  climate 
of  London. 

N  N  4 


^ 


552  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

L  1.  M.  LATiFo^LiA  D,  Bon.    The  broad-leaved  Miitisia. 

JdentificaSfon.  D.  Don  In  Lin.  Trans..  16.  p.  970. ;  Brit 

Fl.  Card.,  2d  «eries,  t.  288.  ,        ^    ^^^ 

Engrav^t.   Swt.  Brit.  Fl.  Card.,  L  c. ;  and  oor^S^.  1026. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Stem  winged.  Wings  broad, 
leafy.  Leaves  cordate-oblone,  dentate- 
spinose,  woolly  beneath.  Involucre  scaly, 
appendiculate.  Pappus  arranged  in  a  double 
series,  feathery,  equal,  truncate  at  the  apex. 
(D.  Don.)  A  cliabing  evergreen  shrub. 
Valparaiso  in  Chili,  on  hills,  among  bushes. 
Stem  10  ft.  to  15ft.  Introduced  in  1832. 
Flowers  pink,  or  rosy,  and  yellow ;  Septem- 
ber and  October. 

A  very  singular  and  at  the  same  time  beau- 
tiful shrub,  which  no  collection  ought  to  be 
without,  where  there  are  a  wall  and  atiry  soil. 

Other  Species. —  M.  UicifdUa,  M.  mfiexa, 
M.  Unearifoiia,  M.  runcinata,  and  M.  sub' 
spmdsa,  are  figured  and  described  in  Hooker^s 
Botanical  Miscellany^  vol.  i. ;  and  M,  orach- 
noidea  Mart,  is  figured  in  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  2705. 
Most  of  these  species  would  probably  live  against  a  wall  in  a  warm  situation, 
on  a  dry  soil.  At  nil  events  M.  latifolia  is  tolerably  hardy,  having  stood  out 
several  years  in  the  climate  of  London,  without  the  slightest  protection ;  snd 
as  it  represents  a  family  of  climbers  so  very  different  firom  every  other  hitherto 
cultivated  in  British  gardens,  we  cannot  but  strongly  recommend  it  to  every 
one  who  is  curious  in  plants. 


10S6.  Mvtfite  lAtiaUA. 


Order  XLIIL    ^RICA^CEiE. 

Obd.  Char.  Calyx  and  Corolla  each  with  4—5  segments.  Stamens  4^5^ 
8 — 10,  inserted  variously,  but  alternately  with  the  segments  of  the  corolla, 
where  not  more  numerous  than  they.  Anthers,  in  most,  with  2  cells. 
Ovary  with  its  cells,  in  most,  agreeing  in  number  with  the  s^ments  of  the 
calyx  or  corolla.  Style  and  sHgma  undivided.  Seedt  many.  Albumen 
fleshy.     Embryo  erect,  slender. 

Leaves  simple,  opposite  or  whorled,  stipulate  or  exstipulate,  deciduous  or 
evergreen ;  entire  or  serrated.  Inflorescence  variable,  the  pedicels  generally 
bracteate.  — Shrubs,  deciduous  and  evergreen,  and  some  ot  them  low  trees ; 
natives  of  most  parts  of  the  world ;  an^l  containing  many  of  our  finest  and 
most  ornamental  harpy  shrubs  in  British  gardens. 

All  the  species  have  hmr-like  roots,  and  require  a  peat  soil,  or  a  soil  of  a 
close  cohesive  nature,  but  which  is  yet  susceptible  of  being  readily  pene- 
trated by  the  finest  fibrils  which  belong  to  any  kind  of  plants.  *  Peat, 
thoroughly  rotted  leaf  mould,  or  very  fine  loamy  sand,  are  soils  of  this 
description,  and  are  accordingly  required,  more  or  less,  for  all  the  plants  of 
this  order.  The  hair-like  roots  of  the  JB^ricacese  soon  suffer,  either  from  a 
deficiency  or  a  superfluity  of  moisture ;  and  hence  an  important  part  of  their 
culture  m  gardens  consists  in  keeping  the  soil  in  which  they  grow  equally 
moist.  In  transplanting  hair-rooted  plants,  they  are  very  wt  to  suffer  from 
their  slender  fibrils  coming  in  contact  with  the  air :  but,  fortunately,  these 
fibrils  are  so  numerous,  and  so  interlaced  with  each  other,  as  to  form  a  kind 
of  network,  which  encloses  and  supports  a  portion  of  the  soil  in  which  they 
grow ;  and  the  plants  are,  consequently,  almost  always  sent  from  the  nurseries 


XLIII.   ^RICA^CEiE.  553 

with  small  balls  of  earth  attached  to  them.    All  the  species  are  readily  propa- 
gated by  seeds,  layers,  or  cuttings. 

The  foUoi'ving  characteristics  of  the  genera,  and  of  the  croups  which  they 
form,  are  deduced  from  Don's  Miller,  in  which  the  whole  order  has  been 
remodelled  by  Professor  Don :  — 

Sect.  I.      J^RI^CEJE. 

Sect,  Char.  Calyx  not  connate  with  the  ovary,  except  in  Gaultherta.  Disk 
nectariferous,  hypo^nous.  Fruit,  in  most,  a  capsule.  Inflorescence,  in 
the  bud  state,  naked. 

§  i.  Eki^.cem  morma'LBS.     Cali/x  and  Corolla  each  with  4  Segments,    Corolla 

permanent.    Stamens  8.     Fruit  wiUi  4  CeUs, 

EvlVcjl  D,  Don,  Filaments  capillary.  Anthers  not  protruded  beyond  the 
corolla;  the  cells  short,  opening  by  an  oblong  hole.  Stigma  peltate. 
Leaves  needle-shaped,  scattered,  or  in  whorls. 

Gtpsoca^llis  Sal,    Filaments  flat.    Anthers  protruded  beyond  the  corolla 
the  cells  opening  by  an  oblique  hole.  Stigma  simple.  Leaves  needle-shaped, 
in  whorls. 

Callu  NA  Sal,  Corolla  shorter  than  the  calyx.  Filaments  dilated.  Anthers 
not  protruded  beyond  the  corolla,  with  two  small  appendages  at  the  base : 
their  cells  end  in  a  point,  and  open  lengthwise.  Leaves  arrow-shaped  at 
the  base,  obtuse  at  the  tip  ;  in  transverse  section  triangular,  imbricate  in 
4  rows. 

§  ii.    ANDKOUE'DJSiS.      CcToUa '  deciduous.      Stamens,  in  most,  not  protruded 

beyond  the  Corolla, 

A.  The  folloioing  7  Genera  have  all  been  instituted  out  of  the  Genus  AndrSmedsi; 
and  all  have  10  Stamens,  1  Pistil^  and  Fruit  that  has  a  loculiadal  Dehiscence, 

Akdro^med^  L.  Calyx  with  5  acute  segments.  Corolla  globose,  with  a 
contracted  5-toothed  mouth.  Filaments  b«irded.  Anthers  with  short, 
1-awned  cells.  Stigma  truncate.  Leaves  linear  lanceolate.  Flowers  in 
terminal  umbel-like  groups. 

Cassi^opjs  D.  Don.  Calyx  with  5  leafy  segments.  Corolla  bell-shaped, 
5-cleft.  Filaments  glabrous.  Anthers  with  short,  tumid,  1-awned  cells. 
Stigma  obtuse.  Capsule  with  its  valves  bifid  at  the  tip.  Small  heath-like 
shrubs.    Leaves  imbricate.    Flowers  solitary. 

CAssA^Ni>Ri<  D.  Don.  Calyx  bibracteate,  5-clefl.  Corolla  oblong;,  with  a 
contracted  5-toothed  mouth.  Filaments  glabrous.  Anthers  with  cells 
elongated  at  the  tip,  and  tubular  there.  Stigma  annulated.  Leaves  with 
short  petioles,  and  elliptic  oblong  disks,  that  have  peltate  scales  on  both 
surfaces.  Flowers  axillary,  disposed  as  if  in  racemes  along  the  terminal 
parts  of  the  branches. 

ZksoIha  D.  Don.  Calyx  5-toothed.  Corolla  bell-shaped,  with  a  revolute 
5Aobed  limb.  Filaments  glabrous.  Anthers  with  cells  elongate,  tubular, 
and  2-awned  at  the  tip.  Stigma^  truncate.  Leaves  dilated,  with  the 
margins  usually  toothed.    Flowers  in  racemes. 

Lyo^ia  Nutt.  Calyx  5-parted.  Corolla  ovate  or  tubular,  with  a  contracted 
5-toothed  mouth.  Filaments  short,  flat,  downy.  Anthers  with  membra- 
nous cells  that  open  lengthwise.  Stigma  obtuse.  Capsule  5-comered. 
Flowers  for  the  most  part  terminal,  disposed  in  racemose  panicles. 

Leuco'tbo£  D.  Don.  Calyx  with  5  leafy  segments.  Corolla  tubular, 
toothed.  Filaments  flat,  downy.  Anthers  with  short  truncate  cells. 
Stigma  large,  capitate.    Flowers  white,  in  racemes. 

Pi^Ris  D,  Don.  Calyx  5-parted.  Corolla  tubular  or  ovate,  with  a  con- 
tracted, 5-toothed,  revolute  mouth.  Filaments  dilated,  furnished  with  2 
bristles  at  the  tip.    Anthers  with  short  incumbent  cells  that  open  length- 


554  ARBORETUM    £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

wise.     Siigiiia  truncate.    Leaves  coriaceous.    Flowers  drooping,  terminal, 
racemose. 

B.  Capsule  unth  i/te  Dehiscence  scpticidal, 

PiiYLLO^DOC£  Sal.  Calyx  with  5  segments.  Corolla  globose,  with  a  con- 
tracted 5-toothed  mouth.  Stamens  10,  not  protruded.  Filament<i  slen> 
der,  glabrous.  Anthers  with  short  truncate  cells.  Stigma  peltate,  with 
5  tubercles. 

Brya'nthus  GmeL  Calyx  5-leaved,  imbricate.  Corolla  deeply  5-parted, 
spreading.  Stamens  10,  shorter  than  the  corolla.  Filaments  flattened, 
glabrous.  Cells  of  anthers  short,  awned  behind.  Stigma  obtuse.  Capsule 
5-celled. 

Dabce'c/^  D.  Don.  Calyx  with  4  segments.  Corolla  oval,  inflated  ;  its 
mouth  4-toothed.  Stamens  8,  enclosed.  Filaments  dilated,  glabrous. 
Antliers  linear,  sagittate  at  the  base,  their  cells  parallel,  loosen^  at  the 
apex,  opening  lengthwise.     Stigma  truncate.     Capsule  4-celled. 

C.  Calyx  and  Corolla  each  with  5  Segments.     Stamens  10,  not  protruded  beyond 

the  Corolla, 

A'kdvtvs  Comer,  Corolla  globose  or  ovate,  with  a  small  reflexed  border. 
Anthers  compressed  at  the  sides,  opening  at  the  tip  by  2  pores,  fixed  by 
the  back  beneath  the  tip,  and  there  nimished  with  2  reflexed  awns.  Ovary 
with  5  cells,  ovules  in  each  cell  many.    Berry  externally  granulate. 

i^RCTOsTA^PHYLOs  Adons.  All  as  in  ^^rbutus,  except  that  the  fruit  is  not 
externally  granulate,  and  that  the  cells,  which  are  5  in  nuinber,  include 
each  but  1  seed. 

PERNE^TTYii  Gaudichaud.  Corolla  globose,  with  a  revolute  limb.  Anthers 
with  the  2  cells  2-lobed  at  the  tip,  the  lobes  bifid.  Hypogynoas  scales  IC, 
3-lobcd,  surrounding  the  ovary.    Berry  with  5  cells  and  many  seeds. 

GAULTHE'Riii  L.  Corolla  ovate,  inflated.  Anthers  bifid  at  the  tip,  each 
lobe  with  2  awns.  Ovarv  half-inferior.  Hypogynous  (?  perigynous)  scales 
10,  usually  united  at  tne  base.  Capsule  with  5  cells,  the  dehiscence 
loculicidal. 

Epigje^a  L,    Corolla  salver-shaped.     Capsule  with  5  cells. 

Cle^hra  L,  Corolla  so  deeply  5-parted  as  to  seem  5-petaled.  Filaments 
membranous.  Capsule  with  8  cells,  many  seeds,  and  a  loculicidal  dehis- 
cence. 

D.  The  Cliaracteristics  as  under, 

Phaleroca'rpus  27.  Don,  Calyx  4-cleft,  with  2  bracteas  at  its  base.  Co- 
rolla short,  campanulate,  4^1eft.  Stamens  8.  Filaments  ?  hairy.  Anthers 
scmibifid.     Hypogynous  disk  8-lobed  or  8-toothed. 

Sect.  II.     jRhodo^re^c. 

Sect,  Char,  Calyx  not  connate  with  the  ovary.  Disk  nectariferous,  hypo- 
gynous. Buds  of  inflorescence  resembling  strobiles  in  form,  and  in 
being  scaly.    Leaves  flat,  callous  at  the  extremity  of  the  midrib. 

/i^hodode'ndron  D,  Don,  Calyx  5-partcd.  Corolla  somewhat  funnel- 
shaped,  5-cleft.  Stamens  5-^10.  Anthers  opening  by  terminal  pores. 
Capsule  5*r.elled,  5-valved,  opening  at  the  tip. 

KA'LM/ii  L.  Corolla  of  the  shape  of  a  wide-spread  bell,  and  with  10  cavities 
on  the  inside,  in  which  the  anthers  of  10  stamens  repose  before  shedding 
their  pollen.    Capsule  5-celled.     Dissepiments  marginal. 

Menzies/^^  D.  Don.  Calyx  4rcleft.  Corolla  globose,  4Hclef^.  Stamens  8b 
Capsule  4-celled,  4rvalved. 

AzA^LBA  D,  Don,  Calyx  5-parted  Corolla  bell-shaped,  5-cleft  Stamens  5. 
Cells  of  anthers  opening  lengthwise.  Capsule  5-celled,  5-valved,  opeoii^ 
at  top. 


XLiii.  ^rica^ce/e:  iiiifcA.  555 

Lbiophy'lluu  Pert.  Calyx  and  corolla  deeply  5-parted.  Stamens  10, 
exserted.  Anthers  lateral,  opening  lengthwise  on  the  inside.  Capsule  5- 
celled,  .5-valved,  opening  at  the  tip. 

Xe^um  L.  Calyx  minute,  4-toothed.  Corolla  in  5  segments,  so  deep  as  to 
seem  petals.  Stamens  5-~10,  exserted.  Anthers  opening  by  pores  at  the 
tip.  Capsule  5-celled,  5-valved,  opening  at  the  base.  Seeds  terminating 
in  a  wing  at  eacit  end. 

Sect.  III.     Faccinie'^. 

Sect.  Char.    Calyx  connate  with  the  ovary.  Disk  nectariferous,  perigynous. 
Fruit  a  berry. 

Kacci'nium  L,  Calyx  4— 5-toothed.  Corolla  pitcher-shaped  or  bell-shaped, 
4— 5-cleft.  Stamens  8 — 10.  Anthers  2-homed  ;  and,  in  some,  furnished  at 
the  back  with  spreading  spurs  or  .bristles.  Berry  globose,  4— 5-celled, 
many-seeded. 

OxYCo'ccus  Pers.  Calyx  4-cleft.  Corolla  4-parted,  with  the  segments 
somewhat  linear  and  revolute.  Stamens  8.  Filaments  conniving.  Anthers 
tubular,  tripartite.    Berry  4H%lled,  many-seeded. 


Sect.  I.     -Eri'ce^. 
§U     ISaicecs  normdles. 


In  British  gardens  all  the  species  are  propagated  by  layers  or  division,  or 
by  cuttings  from  the  points  of  the  growing  shoots  planted,  but  not  deep, 
in  pure  sand,  and  covered  with  a  hand-glass.  All  the  plants  require  a  peaty 
soil,  mixed  with  sand ;  a  cool  subsoil,  moist  rather  than  dry ;  and  an  open 
airy  situation.    They  also  require  to  be  renewed  every  3  or  4?  years. 

Genus  L 


EKVCK  D.  Don,    The  Heath.    Lm.  Sytt.  Oct&ndria  Monog^nia. 

Identification.    D.  Don  In  Edinb.  New  Phil.  Journ.,  17.  p.  152. ;  Don's  MUl..  3-  P-  WO. 
S^ntmifma.    Erica  sp.  of  Lbuueus  and  other  authors ;  Brayfere,  Fr.  j   Helde,  Ger.  j   Erica, 

l£iLtion.  The  erica  of  Pliny  is  altered  flrom  the  erelkg  of  Theophrastus,  which  Is  derived  from 
ereiko,  to  break}  from  the  supposed  quaUty  of  some  of  the  spedcs  of  breaking  the  stone  in  Uie 
bladder. 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  4-parted,  with  a  naked  base.  Corolla  globose  or  urceolate, 
with  a  4-lobed  limb.  Stamens  enclosed.  FVaments  capillary.  Anthers 
bifid  ;  cells  of  anthers  opening  by  an  oblong  hole,  awned  or  crested  at  the 
base  or  mutic.    Stigmas  peltate.    Capsule  4M:elled,  many-seeded.    (I)on*s 

MUl.)  .     , 

Leaves  simple,  alternate  or  verticillate,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  Unear  or 
chaffy.  Flowers  terminal,  fascicled,  or  racemose.  Pedicels  scaly.— Shrubs, 
diminutive,  evergreen,  with  hair-like  roots;  natives  of  Europe. 

«.  1.  E.  Te'tralix  L.    The  four-leaved  Heath. 

''^Sr^rf:  tJ^TSS.  No.  6. ;  E,  Tfetr^x  riibra^^Har/.  Eric,  Wobum,  p.  25. ,  the  cross. 

Wed  Heath  ;  Sumpf  Heide,  Qer. ;  Scopa  ^  Fior  ro«so.  Ital.        .  ^  ,  -    ,^ 
E^^^l    Curt.  rTLond.,  fasc  1. 1.  21. ;  Eng.  Bot,  1. 1314. ;  and  ourjlg.  IW. 


556 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


1017    £.  IVknlbc. 


LiiL  Sp.,  ed.  2.  p.  501. ;  Don's  MilL,  3.  p.  795. 
0.  In  Lin.  Trans.  4.  p. . 
fdlUt  Ger.  1196. ;  E.  clndrea  rabra  Hort.  Erie.  Wobum.  p.  fi. ;  Soopa,  lial. 


Identification. 

Synot^fnu$.    E.  mutibllis  SaltMi 


Spec.  Char,,  S^c.  Plant  of  a  greyish  hue.  Leaves  ciliated, 
4  in  a  whorl.  Flowers  in  terminal  heads.  Corolla 
ovate-globose,  about  3  lines  long,  downy  at  the  tip  outside. 
Spurs  of  anthers  lanceolate.  (DorCt  MiU.)  A  diminutive 
evergreen  bush.  North  of  Europe,  in  boggy  or  moory 
ground ;  plentiful  in  Britain.  Height  6  in.  to  1  ft.  Flowers 
red ;  July  to  September. 

Varieties. 

a.  E.  T.  1  riibra  Hort.  Eric.  Woburn.  p.  25. —  Corolla 

pale  red. 
«.  E.  T.  2  cornea  Loudon's  H.  B.  —  Corolla  of  a  flesh 

colour. 
«.  E.  T.  3  alba  Hort.  Eric.  Woburn.  p.  25.  —  Corolla 

white. 
«L  E.  T.  4  JlfacA-aiana.    E.  Mackaiana  Bab.  Fl.  Hiber. 

p.  18L  —  It  has  the  leaves  and  calyx  of  E.  cili^s,  and  the  flowers 

of  E,  Ti^tralix  ;  probably  a  hybrid  between  the  species.   Ireland. 

The  badge  of  the  clan  Macdonald,  and  the  species  most  commonly  used  for 
making  besoms. 

&  2.  E,  ciNEREA  L.    The  grey  Heath. 

I.  p.  795 
Lin.  Trans.  4.  p.  869. «  E.  hamilis  ifeck,  GaU.  189. ;  B.  tenni- 

a  Hort.  Erie.  fVobt$m.  p.  ft.;  Soopa,  Jtal. 

Engratings.    Curt.  Fl.  Lond.,  fasc.  1.  t25.;   Engl.  Bot.,  1. 1016.;  and  oar^.  lOtt. 

^ec,  Char.t  ^c.  Leaves  3  in  a  whorl.  Corolla  ovate-urceo- 
late.  Flowers  verticillate,  on  the  naked  stems.  Crests  of 
anthers  ear-formed.  Corolla  3  lines  long,  purple,  changing 
to  blue  as  it  fades.  This  is  easily  distinguished  from  JS.  T^tralix 
by  its  glaucous  deep  green  hue,  and  deep  purple  or  sometimes 
white  flowers.  {JDoti's  Mill.)  A  diminutive  evergreen  shrub. 
Europe,  but  not  in  the  south,  nor  in  the  extreme  north ; 
plentiful  in  Britain.  Height  6  in.  to  1  ft.  Flowers  purple, 
changing  to  blue  as  they  fade ;  July  to  September. 

Varieties. 

a.  E.  r.  2  atrapurpurea  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.   1409.  —  Plant 

dwarf.     Flowers  deeper  purple. 
n.  E.  c.  3  alba  Lodd.  Cat. — Flowers  white, 
tt.  E.  c.  4  pallida  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  1507. — Flowers  pale 
purple. 
E,  c.  5  camescens  Lodd.  Cat. — Flowers  flesh-coloured. 
E.  c.  6  prolifera  Lodd.  Cat. — Flowers  proliferous. 
E.  c.  7  stricta  Lodd.  Cat. — Branches  erect. 

The  badge  of  the  clan  Macalister.    Readily  distinguished  from  E,  Tetralix 
by  its  glabrous  deep  green  hue,  and  deep  purple  flowers. 

m  3.  E.  AUSTRA^us  L.    The  southern  Heath. 

Identification.    Lin.  Mant.,  p.  231. ;  Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  795. 
Sunonyme.    E.  pistillUris  Sal.  in  Lin.  Sac.  Trn$u.  6.  p.  368. 
Engravings.    Audr.  Ueatlis,  3.  t.  21.;  Bot  Cab.,  t.  1473.;   and  our 
fig.  1029. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  A  shrub,  3  ft.  to  6  ft.  high.  Leaves 
4  in  a  whorl,  scabrous,  spreading,  mucronate. 
Flowers  terminal,  small.  Corolla  purplish  red, 
3  lines  long,  with  a  curved  funnel-shaped  tube,  and 
a  recurved  limb.  Pedicels  beset  with  gemmaceous 
bracteas.  Anthers  crested,  {DorCs  Mill.)  An  erect 
pyramidal  shrub.  Spain  and  Portugal.  Height  5  ft. 
to  7  ft.  Introduced  in  1769.  Flowers  red;  April 
to  August. 


loss. 


n. 
n. 

n. 


XLIII.   £RICA^CE45:    GYPSOCA'lLIS. 


557 


One  of  the  most  showy  of  all  the  arboreous  heaths,  and  flowering  pro- 
fusely when  planted  in  an  open  situation. 

n.  4.  E.  ciUA^Ris  L.    The  aliatt^havcd  Heath. 

JdC9KtiUoiion.    Lin.  Sp  /ed.  1.  p.  354. ;  Don*i  MtlL*  p.  798. 
Eagrmigt.    BoC  Mag.,  t.  484. ;  Eng.  Bot.  Suppl.,  t.  2618. ;  and  our 

/fyec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  3  in  a  whorl,  ovite,  glan- 
dularly  dilate,  spreading,  rather  remote.  Flowers 
terminal,  subracemose,  directed  to  one  side.  Brac- 
teas  sessile,  approximate  to  the  cal3rx.  Segments 
of  calyx  spathulate,  ciliate.  Corolla  smooth,  ovate, 
more  ventricose  on  the  upper  side,  4  lines  long, 
pale  red.  Style  prominent.  (Don's  MUL)  A 
diminutive  everereen  shrub.  Portugal,  and  Eng- 
land, in  Comw^.  Height  6  in.  to  1  ft.  Flowers 
pale  red ;  August  and  September. 

A  comparatively  rare  and  very  beautiful  species. 

Genus  II* 


Si, 
1030.   S.dlttrli. 


□□□ 


GYPSOCA'LLIS  Sal.    The  Gypsocallis,  or  Moor  Heath, 
Lm.  Sytt.  Oct&ndria  Monog^nia. 

JOemi^etMom.    Salbbory's  MSS. ;  D.  Don  In  E.  Phil.  Journ.,  17.  p.  153. ;  Don's  Mia,  S.  p.  800. 
Synom/me,    JSrtcee  ap.  of  other  anthon.  .        .- .     . 

Seritaiiim.    **  From  gwip$o$^  lime,  and  kaWMtat^  most  beantUtal ;  the  species  are  very  elegant,  and 
generally  inhabit  calcareous  districts.**  (.Don't  Mitt.) 

.Geru  Char,  Calyx  4^parted,  glumaceous,  naked  at  the  base.  Corolla  cam- 
panulate,  or  wort  tubular,  with  a  dilated  mouth.  Stamens  exserted ;  fila- 
ments flattened  or  filiform.  Anthers  bipartite,  having  the  cells  mutic  at  the 
base,  distinct  and  substipulate,  dehiscing  by  an  oblique  pore.  Stigma  simple. 
Capsule  4-celled,  many-seeded.  ^Don^s  MtU,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  ever^een  ;  acerose,  whorled,  lateral 
or  terminal.  Flovoers  crowded. — Shrubs,  duninutive,  evergreen;  natives  of 
Europe  and  Africa.  This  genus  is  easily  distinguished  from  j^rica,  by  the 
exserted  anthers,  flattened  filaments,  and  simple  stigma. 

^  1.  G  VA^OANS  SaL    The  wandering  Gypsocallis,  or  Cornish  Moor  Heath. 

UeniUUatiim.    Sal.  MSS. ;  Don's  Mill.,  8.  p.  800. 

^momnne*.    E.  y^gans  Lfn.  Uant.  2.  p.  23a  ;   E.  Tiga  Sal.  in  Lm.  Soe.  Tram.  &  p.  844. ;  B 

iBittmil6ra  Muds.  Fl.  Anglica  1.  66. ;  £.  didyma  StokeM  tn  lVitAerimg*t  Bot.  Arrangement  400. ;  E. 

porporiacens  Lam.  Diet.  I.  P«  488.  _  _       ^  ,__  ,        ^    -^- 

ES^av&g*.    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  3. ;  BulL  Fl.  Tax.,  t.  2081 ;  and  oar>^.  1081. 

,&)ec,Char,y^c.  Stem  glabrous.  Leaves  4 — 5  in  a  whorl,  con- 
tiguous, glabrous.  Flowers  small,  upon  footstalks,  axillary,  ^^ 
mostly  2  in  an  axil,  and  those  of  any  branch  seemins  as  if  dis-""^ 
]}08€m1  in  a  raceme,  from  the  flowers  being  stalked  and  produced 
trom  axils  near  one  another.  Bracteas  remote  from  the  calyx. 
Corolla  short,  bell-shaped.  (Don's  Mill.)  A  diminutive  ever- 
green shrub.  England,  in  Cornwall ;  and  the  South  of  France 
and  Kordi  of  Afiica.  Height  6  in.  to  1  fl.  Flowers  pale  purplish 
red  ;  July  to  September. 


1(01.  O.HfBU 


VeorieHeSm 

tL  G,v.  2  pdlUda.—CoroWA  pale  red.  (Don's  Mill,) 

m.  G.v,  3  rubescens  Bree,  Loud.  H.  B.  ed.  2.  p.  688.— Corolla  nibescent. 


ARBORETUM    KT    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

L  G.  V.  i  purpwatcmi  Bree,  Loud.   H.  B.   ed.  3.   p.  5S8.  —  Conlla 

purplish. 
L  O.v.  5  iib". — Flowers  axillary.    Corolla  white.  (Don't  JUUL) 
t,  G.v.  6  teneila.  —  Flowers  tenainating  the  small  branches.     Corolla 

white.  (Dou't  Am.) 


Erica  multinarA  Lin,  Jte^  cd.  ],  p.  355. ;  £,  junliwiif^lli.  AC' 
.  p.  IGO.  L  31.  i  £.  mulUatn  l«igi|>«l«IUl>  WnulL  Eric. 

:  E.  peduDculJrli  Preii ;  Scopa  Kruute  [ouo,  tial. 

BM.  C»b,.t.  ISH.mndonr  A- IWi 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  4 — 5  in  a  whorl, glabrous,  linear. 
Flowers  axillary,  disposed  in  a  roeemose  corymb. 
'  BracCens  remote  from  the  calyx.  Corolla  I  j  to  8  lines 
long,  pale  red,  bell-shaped,  with  a  rcfleied  limb.  Pe- 
dicel twice  as  long  as  the  corolla.  Anthers  black, 
their  orifices  near  the  tip.  (Don't  Mili.'i  A  diminutive 
evergreen  shrub,  France,  Spain,  and  the  South  of 
Europe  generally.  Height  I  ft.  to  2  ft.  Introduced 
in  1T51.  Flowers  pale  red;  May  or  June;  and. 
under  favourable  circumstances  till  Norember  or  De- 
cember. Capsule  brown. 
Like  other  heaths,  to  flower  freely,  it  requires  to  be 

kept  in  a  cool,  open,  niry  situation,  in  which  it  will  attain 

the  bright  of  2  ft. 

^  3.  G.  Ca'bne*  D.Don. 


fib.,  1. 14».  i  Hid  our  ./^.  1031. 
^pec.  Char.,  ^c.  Stems  and  brunches  prostrate. 
Leaves  3 — !>  in  a  whorl,  linear,  glabrous, 
sharpljr  reduolicate.  Flowers  axillnry,  droop- 
ing, disposea  in  racemes,  and  directed,  to  one 
side,  pale  red.  Bracteas  remote  from  the 
calyx.  Corollas  conical,  i^  Uoes.  Antbcra 
with  au  orifice  extending  from  the  middle  to 
the  tip.  (Doifi  mU.)  A  diminutive,  pro- 
cumbent, evergreen  shrub.  South  of  Oermanv 
and  Switzerland,  and  North  Wales.  Height 
6  in.  Cultivated  in  1763.  Flowers  pale  ml; 
January  to  April. 


•  4.  G.  MEDiTERicA'KEAlJ.Don.    The  Mediter- 
ranean GypsocalUs,  or  Moor  Heath. 
UntifialKm.    D.  Dm  In  EdlDb.  Ha*  Phil.  Joum.,  Jul]:,  IBM  i 

Doii'jMIII.,9.  p.»^l. 
Jfrnommrt.    nia  mHllterHiim  C^.tfnf.p.tlO.;  f.lilgiitirli 

Sal.  in  Ltn.  Sot,  Tram.  6.  p.  Hi. 
Enfratingi.  Bot.  Jlif..  1. 171.  i  ai  oat  fig.  lOM.  ; 
Spec.  Char.,  S/c.  A  shrub,  4  ft.  to  6  ft.  high.  Leaves 
4—5  in  a  whorl,  linear,  cuneate,  glabrous.  Flow- 
ers axillary,  disposed  in  the  manner  of  a  raceme, 
directed  to  the  lower  side,  so  nodding  Bracteas 
above  the  middle  of  the  pedicels.  Corolla  pitcher- 
shaped,  red.    Anthers  dark,  foraminose  from  the 


XLIII.  £rica^ceje:  callu^na. 


559 


middle.  (DorCt  MUL)  A  pvramidal  shrub.  South  of  Europe,  in  the  region 
of  the  Mediterranean ;  and  Cunnemara,  on  the  western  coast  of  Ireland. 
Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.  sometimes  10  ft.  Cultivated  in  1596.  Flowers  red, 
with  dark  anthers  ;  March  to  May. 

The  hardiest  of  arboreous  heaths  in  British  gardens ;  though  plants  at 
Syon,  which  had  stood  upwards  of  half  a  century,  and  were  above  10  ft- 
high,  were  killed  to  the  ground  by  the  winter  of  1837-8. 


Genus  III. 


CALLITNA  SaL    The  Calluna.    Lin.  Syst.  Oct&ndria  Monogynia. 

Uemiiflcatkm.    Salisbory  In  Lin.  Soc.  Traxu .,  6.  p.  817. ;  Don*!  MUL,  8.  p.  898. 

Sunomifme,    frtca  sp.  Lm»  and  others, 

Derivatiom,  The  name  of  CallAiu  \%  deriTed  from  kaUvnS,  which,  at  Sir  J.  B.  Smith  obterref,  *'  i« 
doaU/  aultabla ;  whether,  with  Mr.  Salistwry  and  Dr.  Hull,  we  take  it  to  express  a  cleansirfg 
property,  brooms  being  made  of  ling ;  or  wheuer  we  adopt  the  more  common  sense  of  the  wortl, 
to  ornament  or  adorn,  which  is  very  a^jdicable  to  the  Aowen."  {,Eng.  Florae  iL  p.  294.) 

Gen,  Oiar,  Calyx  4-parted,  membranous,  coloured,  furnished  with  4  bracteas 
at  the  base.  Corolia  campanulate,  4-lobed,  shorter  than  the  calyx.  Stamens 
enclosed.  FUamenis  dilated.  Anihen  bipartite,  biappendiculate  at  the  base ; 
celb  of  anthers  mucronulate,  dehiscing  lengthwise.  Stigma  capitate.  Capsule 
with  a  septicidal  dehiscence.    Seeds  ovoid,  smooth.  (borCs  Mill,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exsdpulate,  evergreen ;  acerose,  trigonal,  obtuse, 
very  short,  imbricating  in  4  rows,  having  the  margins  revolute,  and  the 
base  sagittate.  Flowers  disposed  in  long,  terminal,  spicate  racemes. — Under- 
sbrub,  small,  spreading ;  native  of  Europe  on  poor  soils. 

i«  1.  C.  vuLGA^Ria  SaU    The  common  Ling,  or  Heather, 

HdttUffieatiom.    Salitb.  Lin.  Trans.,  6.  p.  317. ;  Eng.  Flora.  3.  p.  294. ;  Don's  MOI.,  8.  p.  828. 
SgmoMjfmes.    ErXcz  rulgirls  Lim,  ^.  p.  501. ;  la  BruT^re,  Fr. ;  Heide,  Oer. ;  Ljng,  Dan. ;  Llung, 

Swed. ;  Brentoli,  Ceccfaia,  or  Scope,  ItaL ;  Breio,  Spem, ;  Urze,  Port }  Wereak,  Ruu, 
Mmgra9mg$,    Eng.  Bot.,  1. 1013. ;  and  our  iilr-  lO^^* 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c.  Leaves  d-comered  in  a  transverse  section  of 
them,  arrow-shaped  at  the  base,  obtuse  at  the  point,  revolute  in 
the  lateral  margms,  imbricate  in  4  rows.  Flowers  disposed  in 
long,  terminal,  spicate  racemes.  (DorCs  Mill,)  A  small,  spread- 
ing, evergreen  shrub.  Europe,  plentiful  in  Britain.  Height 
6  m.  to  3  ft.    Flowers  purplish ;  July  to  September. 

Varieties, 

1^  C,v,\  purpurea, — Flowers  purplish  red.  ,  ^     ^^, 

ju  C,v,2  spuria, — Branches  tuftea.    Racemes  short.    Flow-  losLcv^iILte. 

ers  purplish  red. 
t^  C,  V,  3  decimibens, — Branches  decumbent.    Racemes  short.    Flowers 

purplish  red. 
t^  C,  V,  4i  tomentosa, — Leaves  and  branches  woolly.    Flowers  purplish 

red. 
f^  C.v,  5  dlha, — Flowers  white,  less  crowded.     Corolla  shorter. 
t«  C,  V.  6Jldre  plino, — Flowers  double,  pale  purplish  red. 
t«  C.  V,  1  Joins  variegaiis, — Leaves  vari^ted.    Flowers  purplish. 
ft*.  C*.  V.  8  aimta, — Leaves  variegated  with  yellow, 
ft*  C  ».  9  coccinea, —  Flowers  deep  red. 
%-.  C,v,  10  spicdta, — Racemes  long.    Flowers  red  or  white, 
ft*  C.v,  11  and  12.—- Two  varieties  are  mentioned  by  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker, 

as  being  in  cultivation  in  the  Glasgow  Botanic  Garden,  where  they 

have  retained  their  differences  for  years.     They  have  both  pubes- 


560  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

cent  branchlets  :  but  the  one  has  deep  red  flowers,  and  was  received 
from  Aberdeenshire ;  and  the  other,  which  was  received  from  Anan, 
has  white  flowers,  that  appear  later  than  those  of  the  other  varieties. 
The  first  may  be  called  C.v.  II  atro^ubent,  and  the  second  C.  v.  12 
terdtma. 

Very  ornamental,  either  as  detached  bushes,  or  as  edgings  to  beds  and 
borders,  in  sandy  or    eaty  soil. 

§  ii.   Androm^dean, 

All  the  species  are  propagated  by  layers,  and  some  of  them  also  by  divi- 
sion, though  most  of  them  might,  doubtless,  be  rooted  in  sand  from  the  pomts 
of  the  growing  shoots,  as  in  the  preceding  section ;  but  layers  soonest  make 
saleable  plants.  They  all  require  a  soil  more  or  less  peaty,  and  a  ntuadon 
cool,  open,  and  moist,  rather  than  dry  and  airy.  Most  of  the  genera  are  of 
comparatively  short  duration,  though  some  species  of  Andr6meda  and  A't' 
butus  attcdn  an  almost  tree-like  size,  and  endure  many  years. 

Genus  IV. 


□ 


ANDRCXMED^  L.    The  Andromeda.    Xm.  St/tt.  Dec&ndria  Monogfnia. 

IdeniifleaUom,  D.  Don  in  Edlnb.  New  PhiL  Jooni..  17.  p.  157. :  Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  838. 

^fnoniftnt.    Folin^Ua  Stubaum  Cent.  5.  p.  S.  t.  56.  l  I. ;  Andromeda  sp.  L. 

Derivation.    Andromeda  wu  the  name  of  the  daughter  of  Cephalui,  king  of  BUilo|rfa.    Bov  a 

Slant  came  to  J»  named  by  Llnnieus  after  this  penonage^  will  be  found  giren  at  length  In  onr 
jTit  edition. 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  5-cleft.  SegmenU  acute,  simple  at  the  base.  CoroBa 
globose,  with  a  contracted  5-toothed  mouth.  Stamens  10,  enclosed;  fila- 
ments bearded ;  cells  of  anthers  short,  furnished  with  1  awn  each.  SUgma 
truncate.  Capsule  with  a  loculicidal  dehiscence.  Placenta  5-lobed ;  lobes 
simple.     Seeds  elliptic.  (Don*s  Mill.) 

Jueaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipukte,  evergreen;  linear  lanceolate,  mn- 
cronulate.  Floioers  terminal,  umbellate,  reddish  or  snow  Mrhite.-— Under- 
shrubs,  evergreen,  spreading;  natives  of  Europe  and  North  America. 

tt.  1.  A.  POLiFoYiA  L,    The  Poly-leaved  Andromeda,  or  MoorworU 

Jdenti/lcation.    Lin.  Sp..  064. ;  Don's  HIIL,  8.  p.  8S9.  ,.         . 

Sifnon^mes.    JZhododfodron  polifMlum  Scop.  Cam.  Ko.  489. ;  wild  Rosemary,  Poly  Moontam, 

Marsh  Clstus,  Moorwort,  Marsh  Holy  Rose ;  Andromdde,  Pr.  and  Ger. 
Engravings.    Lin.  Fl.  Lq^^.,  1. 1.  f.  8. ;  Eng.  Bot.,  i.  713. ;  and  oar  Jig.  108& 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Leaves  oblong,  glaucous  beneath. 
Corollas  ovate,  flesh-coloured  or  pale  red.  Seg- 
ments of  calyx  ovate,  spreading,  white,  sometimes 
tipped  with  red.  (Don's  MUl.)  A  diminutive  ever- 
green shrub.  Northern  countries  of  Europe,  on 
turfy  bogs ;  and  also  in  Britain ;  North  America, 
from  Canada  to  Pennsylvania.  Height  6  in.  to 
1  a.  Flowers  white,  tipped  with  red ;  May  to  Sep- 
tember.   Capsule  brown. 

Varieties. 

■•  il.  p.  1  angusiifolia  Lodd.  Bot.  Csb.  t.  1591.,         iom.  a-pouaub. 

and  our  J!g.  1037.,  has  narrow  leayes. 
n.A.p.2  ericotdes  has  the  habit  of  a  heath, 
tt.  A.  p.  Zarandiflora  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  1714.,  and  our  fig.  1038.,  has 

large  flowers. 


XLIII.    ^RICAV'EiE  :    CASSfoPr. 


561 


A,  p.  4  latifolia  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  546.,  and  our^.  1039.,  has  broad 

leaves,  and  is  a  larger  plant, 
^..p.  5  mimma  has  sniali  flowers. 


1037.  ▲.  p.  aniputif&Ii**      I03^>  A.p.RnnaUI&rs.       1039.  A.f.  UtlfMia.  IMO.  A.  p>.  rrral6u. 

n.  A,p,  6  revoluta  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  725.,  and  our  fig,  1010.,  has  the 

flowers  beot  back, 
tt.  ^.  p.  7  scotica  is  common  in  Scotland. 
tL  '^^  p-  B  stricta  has  the  branches  erect. 

Cultivated  in  gardens  in  moist  peaty  soil ;  and  it  is  only  in  such  a  soil,  and 
in  an  open  airy  situation,  that  it  can  be  preserved  for  any  length  of  time. 

a.  2.  A.  ifosMARiNiFO^LiA  Pursh,     The  Rosemary-leaved  Andromeda. 

MentifieatUm.    Purth  Fl.  Amer.  SepL,  1.  p.  291. ;  Don's  Mill.,  8.  p.  829. 
^mmyme.    A.  poWRtWa  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.  2.  p.  2^. 
Engramngi.    Pall.  Fl.  Ross.,  2.  p.  53.  t.  70.  f.  B. ;  and  onr  Jig,  1041. 

Sp€c.  Char,,  Sfc,  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  convex,  re- 
volute,  white  beneath,  and  cancscent  above.  Corollas 
nearly  clobose.  Calycine  segments  oblong  red.  Flow- 
ers white,  tinged  with  red.  (Don't  MiU.)  A  diminu- 
tive evergreen  shrub.  Newfoundland  and  Labrador. 
Heights  m.  to  1  ft.  Introduced  ?  1790.  Flowers  white, 
tinged  with  red  ;  June. 

AndromedvL  DruvimSndn  Hook,,  Gard.  Mag,  1840 
p.  4.,  is  a  slender-crowing  plant,  with  the  youn^  leaves 
and  shoots  covered  with  a  scurf,  like  that  which  is  found 
on  the  flseagnus.     Horticultural  Society's  Gbrden.  io4i.  a.  roonviiiiAiia. 


Genus  V. 


I  m.]  1<^  1 


CASSrOP^  D.  Don.    Tub  Cassiopb.    Lin.  Sytt,  Dcdindria  Monogynia. 

IdmiificaHom.    D.  Don  In  Edlnb.  New  PhU.  Journ.,  17.  p.  167. ;  Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  829. 
&intonjfme,    Andromeda  sp.  lin..  Pail. 

Dertvatiom,    From  Cassiope,  wife  of  Cepbeos,  and  mother  of  Andromeda,  whote  fooliih  boast  that 
b«r  beauty  was  superior  to  that  of  the  Nerefclet,  provoked  the  wrath  of  Neptona 

Gen,  Char.  Calyx  5-leaved ;  leaves  imbricated  at  the  base.  Corolla  campanu- 
late,  5-cleft.  Stamens  10,  enclosed ;  filaments  glabrous  ;  cells  of  anthers 
short,  tumid«  furnished  with  one  awn  each.  Style  dilated  at  the  base. 
Stignta  obtuse.  '  Capsule  with  a  loculicidal  dehiscence ;  valves  bifid  at  the 
apex.  Placenta  5-lobed  ;  lobes  simple.  Seeds  oblong,  compressed,  shining. 
(Don's  MiU,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  very  small,  acerose, 
imbricated.  Flowers  solitary,  pedunculate,  rose-coloured,  lateral  or  ter- 
minal.— Shmbs,  small,  heath-like j  natives  of  Asia  and  North  America. 

%,  I.  C.  HTPNoiDBS  D,  Don.    The  Hypniim-like  Cassiope. 

linu^leatim,    D.  Don  in  fid.  Phil.  Journ.,  17.  p.  1S7. ;  Don's  Mill..  3.  p.  820. 

Stnom^me.    Andromeda  Ajpnoldes  Lin.  Sp.  563. 

Engravintt.    Pall.  Fl.  Ross.,  t.  73.  C  3. ;  Dot.  Mag.,  t.  2936. ;  and  oar>^.  1042. 

Spec,  Char,,  ijrc     A  smaU  creeping  shrub,  resembling  a  kind  of  moss.    Leaves 

o  o 


H   ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

loose,  flat,  and  needleJike,  Flowers  small,  with  a  red  caly. 
and  white  corolla.  (Uon'j  MUl.)  A  diminulive  creqiing  ever 
green  shrub.  Lapuind,  Denmark,  and  Siberin,  on  die  moiin 
tains,  where  it  covers  whole  tracts  of  land  ;  and 
norch-weit  coast  of  North  America.  Height  6  in.  Iniro. 
I79tl.  Flowers  white,  tinged  with  red;  June  and  July. 
Rnrc  in  British  gard(.'n:<. 

B  2.  C.tetraoo'n*  D.Dun.  The 4-eDmercd.^nf AnJ Cassiope^ 

Jdmlifflcalion.    D  Dun  In  Bd.  New  Phil.  Jour.,  IT.  p.  IS7.  i  DoD'l  Hill 

Suivmume.    ADdr^meda  utruban  Lm.  Sp.  AGS. 
wrnilxf'.     P*U.  n.   Rou..  (.  13l  f.  4.  I   Bol.  Uif.,  I.  tW. ; 
A.  IMS. 

^>ec.  Char.,  ^e.  Leaf  obtuse,  tninutely  ciliated,  its 
margin  rcvolule,  in  i>uch  a  manner  as  to  reniler 
the  leaf  tumiil,  and  somewhat  2-cellcd.  Leaves 
adpressedly  imbricate  in  4  rows,  and  into  a  4- 
comered  column,  of  which  the  stem  or  branch  is 
the  axis  and  support.  (Don't  JUiil.)  A  diminutive 
creeping  evergreen  shrub.  Lapland,  Siberia,  North 
America,  from  Canada  to  the  north-west  coast. 
Height  6in.  Introduced  in  1810.  Flowers  white, 
IMS.  c  iiin#ii»i  tinged  with  red  j  March  and  April.  Lodd. 

B,  3.  C.  ltcopodioi'dbs  n.  Don.    The  Club-MossJike  Cassiope. 

liemifiiBllim.     D.  Don  Id  Ed.  Fhll.  Jdoid,  IT.  ».m.i 

Daii'lHIII.,3n8». 
Srnsntniii'.      AndidmnLi  iFCOpodlfldn  P*U.  Fl.  Rou.  p.  SS. 
£V«t*Ji/J.     Pill.  Ro«..  I.  c„  l.TJ.  Ag.  1.  I  ud  «1CA.  lOM. 

Spec,  Char.,  $e.  Leaves  ovate,  adpressed,  im- 
bricated in  4  TOWS.  (D™>  MiU.)  A  diminit- 
tive,  evergreen,  moss-liki;,  creeping  shrub. 
Siberia,  and  the  Island  of  St.  I^wrcnce. 
Height  6  in.  Introduced  ?.  Rowers  red ; 
June  and  July. 

B.  4.  C.  £SiC(nDES  D.  Don.     The  HcathJike  Caaaiope. 

Idnt^atiim.    D.  Don  la  Edlnb.  New  Pbll.  Joutii.,  It. p.  1ST.:  Dob'iUDL.B. 
$f»^w.     Andrfiniiida  rrkbldM  PiOl  ta".p>  K. 

Spec.  Char.,  4'c.  Leaves  awned,  setoscly  ciliated.  Peduncles 
glabrous.  (Don't  Mill.)  A  diminutive  creeping,' everareeo 
shrub.  Dohuria  and  Kamtschatka.  Height  6  in.  Intro- 
duced?.   Flowers  not  seen. 


6rM  edition,  but  they  have  not  yet  been  introduced. 
Genus  VI. 


u 


CASSA'NDIU  D.  Don.    Thb  Cassandbi.    lin.  Syil.  Decnndrii 
Monogfnia. 

Mli/lailtm.     D.  Don  In  lUInU  N(w  Full.  laoTO^  17.  p  IdT.  ;  Doa'l  Mill.,  1,  p.  tJD. 

S:ssz; 


xi,iii.  brica'ck.e:  zeno'biX  563 

the  base.  CoroBa  oblong,  vrich  a  contracted  5-taothed  mouth.  Slanieni  10, 
enclosed  ;  filaments  glabroua,  siinple  at  the  base;  cells  of  anthers  elon> 

Sited,  and  tubular  at  the  apex,  mutic.  Stigma  annular,  with  a  S-tuberded 
isk.  Capntle  with  a  loculicidal  dehiscence.  Placmla  5-lobed ;  lobei 
sbnple.  (Do„',  MiU.) 

Leavet  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evei^reen  ;  acerose,  on  short  pe> 
tioles.  Fiomeri  axillary,  OD  short  pedicels,  drooping,  snow  white,  disposed 
in  the  manner  of  racemes  at  the  tips  of  the  branches.  — Undersbrubs, 
evergreen ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America. 

A  D.  Don.     The  caJjculatcd  Cusandra. 

Spec,  Char,,  Sfc.  Leaves  ellipdc-oblimg,  bluntish,  ob- 
soletelf  serrulated,  ruHtj  beneath,  Raceraes  recurred, 
leafy.     Bracteas  of  the  calvx  (thesi  "'"  ' 


calyculus,  or  secondary  and  outer  calyx,  implied  by 
the  term  calyculata)  broad,  ovate,  acuminate.  Co- 
rollas oblong-cylindrical.  (D<ni't  Mill.)  A  low 
evergreen  shrub.  North  America, 
from  Canada  to  Vir^nia,  and  aLio 
in  the  North  of  Europe  and  Si- 
beria. Height  I  ft.  to  2  ft.  Introd. 
in  1T48.  Flowers  white;  April  ' 
and  May, 
I    ViaieSa. 

m.  C.  c.  \  eenfricdia  Sims  Bot. 

Mag.,  1. 1286.— CoroUa  in-     '«' 
iMt  cej,™ui.  dated. 

,  C.  c.  2iatt(8fiflLodd.Bot.Cab.  t.530.,  andourjfc.  1047  - 
«  C.c,3  nana  Sims  Bot.  Mag.  t.  802.,  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t  ~ 


Srimimtl.  AndriinBda  olfoiliU  g  BntDlURllll  J/l.  Bart.  Kttt.  ». 
t.^-1    t^aOUbVM  PviA  n.  Alter.  Scj^.  1.  p.Wl.;   A.  crlip* 

Spec.  Ciar,,  rf-c.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  the 
edgE«  somewhat  waved  and  revolute,  the  under 
surface  rusty.  Racemes  recurved,  leafy.  Bracieas 
of  calyx  mmute.  Corollas  oblong-ovate.  (Don's 
MiIL)  A  low  evergreen  shrub.  Carolina  and 
Georgia,  in  open  swamps.  Height  2  ft.  Intro- 
duced m  1748.     Flowers  white  ;  April  and  May. 


□ 


ZENO  BI^  D.  Don.     The  Zenobi*.     Lm.  Syit.  Dec&ndria  Mon^^ia. 

KriTwtfo..    From  ZtnoliM,  a  naxa,  of  f  limjti.  dUUniulthRl  for  bur  Tlnue  ud  loimiBg. 
Gen.  Char.     CaJyi  d-lobed.     Coroiia  campanulate  i    limb  revolute,  5-lobed 
Slamnu   10;    aiamcnt*  glabrous,   dilated  at    the  base;    cells  of  anlheri 


564  ARBORETUM    El'    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICITM. 

elongated,  tubular,  biariatate  at  the  apex.  Stigma  tnincole.  CnmEr 
with  a  locultcidnl  dehiscence.  Placnla  .5-lobed;  lobes  cuneateit,  thick,! 
lillle  arched.     Sredi  angular.  {Don't  Mitl.) 

Leavet  Glmplc,  alterniite,  cxatipulate,  deciiluous ;  ecattered,  dQated,  with 
the  DiBi;gins  usually  toothed.  Floweri  racemoBe.  PediccU  solitary  or 
aggrt^te. — UndershrubB,  deciduous;  natives  of  North  America. 

M  1.  Z.  aPECio'sA  D.  Don.     The  Aioviy-fiouiered  Zenobia. 
'itiuifiaaim.    D.  Dob  la  Edinb.  Nfw  Phil.  Imm..  JuIf.  IBM ;  Don't  MUl.,  a  p.  no. 

S{iec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  oval,  obtuse,  mucronate,  crenate,  or  acirate,  rdaj. 

Flowers  while,  drooping,  disposed  in  mcemes 
.  Branches  in  the  flower-bcuring  part  nnlied  of  leaves, 
(Don't  Am.)  A  low  deciduous  shrub.  North 
Carolina,  in  swamps.  Height  2  ii.  to  3  ft.  Introduced 
in  1800.     Flowers  large,  white;  June. 


I.  ndida  Purih  Fl.  Amer.  Sept  \  p.  29t, .  A. 
nuiinrfolia  Vent.  Malm.  79.;  and  our  &.  10.50. —  Leaves  ohlone- 
ovate,  serrate,  green  on  both  surfaces.  Flowers  white 
•  Z.  t.  a  pulBtTviinla.  A.  specidsa  pulverul^nta  Fur,i  '|.  c  ■  A  pul- 
verulenU  Bartram  Itin.  476.  ;  A.  cattineBlia  0  Venl  Ilort  CeU  SO  ■ 
A.  sptci6aa  var.  7  giaiica  Wait.  Dcnd.  Brit.  t.  26.  ;  a'.  deaibaia 
Z4tHfl.  BdI.  Reg.  t.  1010. ;  A.  Ov^ta  Soland  MS.  in  HerA  Baoit. ; 
and  our^.  105].  — Leaves  roundiah.oyate,  distantly  crenate,  co- 
vered with  white  powder,  aa  are  the  branches.     Flowers  while. 

Genus  VIII. 


mm 


LYO  NM  Nutt.     Tbb  Lvonia.     Ua.  Si/tt.  Dccindiia  Monogjnia. 

wl^fT'    'n  ""'."""'°"'lo"  of  J"*"  I*™.  ■"  ludriiuigrtle  n>ll«tor  of  North  ABXrkv  pIoiu. 

hid  K "(iliJ  b™  ih.  iSiltt" or'hl?l»SlurV'°  """'  ""*"  ""*  '™""'  oiounuiniVui* 
Gau  aar.  G^lj/x  5-pnrred.  Coroffa  ovate  or  tubular,  with  a  5.toothed  rwi- 
tracled  mouth.  StameTu  enclosed ;  filaments  flattened,  dilated,  very  short, 
downy  ;  cells  of  anthers  membranous,  dehiscing  lengthwise,  altojrethef 
mutic.  Slt,U  robust,  pentagonal,  fusiform,  thickened  at  bottom  »«■• 
simple,  truncate.     Copiufr  pentagonal,  Swelled,  with  a  locuUcidal  dehis- 


XLIII.    JERICA^CEiE:    LYO'n/^. 


565 


cence ;  margins  of  valves  closed  by  5  other  external  nerve  valves.     Seeds 
acicular,  imbricated.  (Don's  Mill.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen  or  deciduous;  usually 
membranous  and  downy.  Flowers  for  the  most  part  terminal,  disposed  in 
racemose  panicles. — Shrubs,  natives  of  North  America. 

A.  Leaves  evergreen, 
tt  1.  L.  ferrugi'nea  Nutt.    The  rusty-looking  Lyonia. 

JdnUification.    Nutt.  Gen.  Amer.,  p.  266. ;  Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  830. 

Symonvmet.    Andromeda  fernigfnea  tValt.  Ft.  138. ;    A.  rerruglnea  fi  fnitictlM 

Midtx.  Ft.  Bor.  Amer.  1.  p.  35:1. 
Engravings.    Vent.  Malm.,  t  80. ;  and  owe  Jig,  106S. 

Spec,  Chctr,,  Sfc,  Shrubby,  evergreen.  Leaves  on  long  pe- 
tioles, coriaceous,  obovate,  usually  obtuse,  quite  entire,  with 
hardiv  revolute  ed^s,  and  covered  with  brown,  umbilicate, 
bran-iike  scales,  as  is  every  other  part  of  the  plant.  Flowers 
axillary,  3  or  5  together,  upon  pedicels.  Corolla  small, 
ovate,  globose,  white  inside,  rusty-looking  outside.  (Don's 
Mill,)  An  evergreen  shnib.  Georgia,  Florida,  and  Mexico, 
in  pine  woods.  Height  3  ft.  to  5  it.  Introduced  in  1784. 
Flowers  white ;  June  and  July.  io5t.  l. 

«  t  2.  L.  Ri^GiDA  Nutt,    The  ngiA4eaved  Lyonia. 

JdentifieatioM.    Nutt.  Gen.  Amer.,  1.  p.  S6&  ;  Don's  BflU.,  I.  p.  830. 

Sjftumymes.    Andr6meda  ferruglnea  IVitJd.  Sp.  2.  p.  609. ;  A.  TcrrugliMA  I  arbortsceiu  MichM.  Ft. 

Bor.  Amer.  1.  p.  2A2. ;  A.  riglda  Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.  1.  p.  292. 
Hmgravingt     BoC.  Cab.,  t.  430. ;  and  our  Jig.  1053. 

Spec.  Char,,  S^c.  Leaves  crowded,  coriaceous,  rigid  ;  their  petioles  short ; 
their  disks  cuneate-lanceolate,  acute,  entire,  convex,  with  revolute  edges, 
and  clothed  with  brown,  umbilicate,  bran-like  scales,  as  is 
every  other  part  of  the  plant.  Flowers  produced,  in  Britain, 
in  April  and  MaV ;  axillarv,  several  together.  Corolla  globose, 
white  inside.  Closely  akin  to  L.  ferruglnea ;  but  the  two 
are  distinguishable  by  their  different  habit«,  especially  by 
their  times  of  flowering.  (Don's  Mill,)  An  arborescent 
evergreen  shrub  or  low  tree.  Carolina  and  Florida,  in  barren 
sandy  woods.  Height  15 fl.  to  20 fl.;  in  British  gardens 
3ft.  to  5ft.  Introduced  in  1744.  Flowers  white;  April 
and  May.     Capsule  brown. 

Nearly  allied  to  the  preceding  species,  but  of  a  different  habit, 
and  flowering  at  a  different  season.  iom.  l.  rigid*. 

a.  3.  L.  MARGiNA  TA  D,  Don.     The  marginated-i^ao^^f  Lyonia. 

Identification.     D.  Don  in  Edlnb.  New  PhlL  Journ.,  17.  p. 

159. ;  Don's  Mill.  3.  p.  830. 
Sifnonvmes.     Andrdmedd  marginlLU  Du  Ham.  Arb. ;    A. 

coriilcea  Willd.  Sp.  2.  p.  613.,  Ait.  Hart.  Kew.  2.  p.  70. ;  A. 

lOcida  lAtnt.  EnqfC.  1.   p.  157. ;   A.  marl4na  Jacq.  Icon, 

Rar.  3.  t.  465. 
Engravhigs.    Bot.  Mag.,  t.  1095. ;  Jacq.  Icon.  Rar.  t  4C5.  \ 

Ukdow  Jig.  1054. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Branch- 
lets  indistinctly  3- 
sided.  Leaves  coria^ 
ceous,  oval,  acuminate,  ^ 
quite  entire,  glabrous, 
and  very  finely  punc- 
tured ;  with  tne  mid- 
rib running  throug'h 
the  deflexed  margin, 
Flowera  upon  pedi- 
o  o  3 


1'<M.    I<*  luaigin&u. 


1055.   L   nt.  rabr*. 


i 


560  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRlTANNtCUM. 

eels,  aKitlarv,  Bj^regBte.  Calyx  of  a  dark  reil  colour,  its  segments  long,  lintu. 
Corolla  cylindrical,  pale  red.  (Dan'i  Mill.)  A  small  evergreen  glabroiu 
ihrub.  Carolina  and  Florida,  in  sandy  foreaU.  Height  8  ft.  Introduced 
in  176S.     Flowers  white;  June  and  July. 

t.  672.,  and  our  Jig.  1065.— Flowers 
oeep  rea. 

B.  Leavei  dedduoul. 
^  4%  L.  haria'na  D.  Son.    Tbe  Maryland  Lyonia. 

lilaittlkiMm.    D.  Duo  In  Ed.  Phil.  Journ^  IT.  p,  139. ;  Don't  MDI..  3.|i.m. 

^ec.  Char.,  <Jc.  Leaves  deciduous,  oval,  acutish  at  both  ends,  entire 
glabrous,  rather  coriaceous,  paler  beneath.  Flower-bearing  brimdie 
almost  leafless.  Flowers  on 
pedicels,  aggregate,  large,  vhite, 
sometimes  tinged  with  red. 
Calyx  leaff.  Corolla  ovate- 
cylindrical.  Capsule  conoid. 
(Don'i  Mill.)  A  deciduous  low 
shrub.  New  England  to  Florida, 
in  woods  and  dry  swamps,  espe- 
cially in  sandy  soil.  Height 
2  It.  or  upwards.  Introduced 
in  1736.  Flowers  large,  white, 
4.  sometimes     tinged    with    red ; 

IDK.   L-mKUoa.  ^fay  (O  AugUSt. 

r_;%.  1057.,  has  oblong  leaves. 

■  5.  L.  RACBuo'sA  D.  Don.     The  rHcemace^oioaviJ  Lyonia. 

IdmllpttUim.     D.  Don  in  Edlnti.  Kew  PbU.  Jonrn..  IT.  p.  IH. 
Don't  MIIL.  3  p  S31. 

S.  [.  IS,  1     A.  puilcuUU  WaU.  Car.  ISa..  Crcwv,  Fln.CT. 
Ettgrartrnfi.    L'Hirlt.  Stirp.,  1  [.  IS.;  uiilourj^.  IMS* 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  deciduous,  ovaMaoccolsIc, 
acute,  serrulate,  membranous,  glabrous.     Floivai 
white.    Spikes  terminal,  secund,  elongated,  saof\t, 
or  branched,     Bracteas  linear,  auuie,  two  st  tbe 
base  of  a  calyx,  which  is  acute.      Corolla  cylio- 
drical.   {Don't  MtO.)     A   deciduous  shrub.    Ca- 
nada to  Carolina,  in  bogs  and  swamps.     Ha^t 
3  ft.  to  4  ft.    Introduced  m  I73G.     Flowers  tIihc, 
sweet-scented;  June  and  July 
A  very   desirable  spe- 
cies. According  to  Pursh 

finest  shrubs  in  America,  from   the  graccltil  ap- 
pearance of  its  flowers,  and  their  fine  odour. 

I  6.  L.  arbCrga  D.Don.    Tbe  Tree  Lyonia. 

Idcnliflailiim.    D.  DDnlaEdlntkNew  Pfaa  Journ.,  ir.p.ira.. 


XLIII.    £R[CACE£:    LYO  N/j<. 


567 


cronate  teeth,  etubrous,  aciJ.  Flowen  in  terminal  panicle*  of  many 
racemes.  Corollaa  white,  ovoid-cylindrical,  downy.  (ZIon'i  AtUl.)  A 
deciduous  tree.  PetingjIvBiiia  to  Florida,  in  the  valleya  of  the  Alleghany 
MoimtaiiiB.  Height  in  America  40  ft.  to  60  It., ;  m  England  10  fL  to  20  ft 
Introduced  in  ITS2.     Flowers  white ;  June  and  July. 

te,  from  which 

'e  frequGDtly  made  lue  of  by  huoicra 
ia  the  mountain*  to  alleviate  thirst. 

A  7.  L.  panicula'ta  NuU.     The  panicled^/ttnoernf  Lyonia, 

Utnt^eadm.    Nult.  (tan,  Amrr.,  1.  p.  ««. ;  Don'i  Hill,,  3,  p.  Ml. 

.•^immitmi.    Amb-fininla  pulculkU  Lin.  Sp.  M4. 

eyronwi.    L'HtriL.  SMip.  Noi.,  1 1.  11.  i  llmd.  BrIL,  t.  IT.  |  ud  our 

Spec.  Char.,  4^.  Downy.  Leaves  deciduoiu,  obovate- 
lanceolate,  narrowed  to  both  ends,  almost  entire,  the 
upper  suriace  of  the  older  lenvei  nearly  glabrous. 
Flower-bearing  branches  terminal,  panic  led,  nearly 
naked  of  leaves.  Flowers  small,  in  peduncled  ra- 
ci:mes.  Corollas  nearly  (globose,  downy,  white.  (Don'i 
Mill.)  A  deciduous  shrub.  Canada  to  Carolina,  in  all 
swampa  and  woods.  Heiaht  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in 
1T4«.  Flowers  small,  white; 
June  and  July. 


Spec.  Char,,  Ifc.  Leaves  alternate,  long-lnnceohte, 
acuminate,  scarcely  serruliite,  shining,  strewed  with 
a  few  short  gland-like  hurs.    Racemes  of  flowen 

compound,  ulCemately  seiaile  on  the  terminal 
branches.  Flowers  white,  1-petaled,  globular,  con- 
tracted at  the  mouth.  {Watt.)  A  desirable  species, 
nearly  allied  to  L.  paniculata,  but  which  is  less 
remarkable  in  point  of  floral  beauty,  than  tor  its 
fine  shining  folia{;e.  Native  counti^  /.  Height  3  ft. 
to  4  ft.    Flowers  white;  June  and  July. 


..   9.  L.  (p.)  FRO^DO  SA 

IdaOtfliaUim.  Null.  Gtn,  Anler. 
SmKonfmt.  AmltAmHLd  fron<N>u 
Ei^mint-    OnrJIf.  I«CI.  trom  • 


Thebrnnchy  Lyonia. 

£7.:  T1on-|MIII..3.p.iai. 


ipeclmca  in  D 


^pM.  Char.,  <fc.  Densely  villose  with  whitish  hairs. 
Leaves  deciduous,  oblong  i^  oblong  ovate,  blunt  or 
acutish,  often  rusty,  prominently  veined;  the  lateral 
margins  revolute,  entire,  and  rough.  Flowers  white,  in 
a  terminal  leaflyjianicle.  Corollas  globose,  hispid  or 
downy,  {Dim't  Mill.)  An  upright  deciduous  shrub. 
Virginia  and  CaruUna.  Fleljiht  3  ft.  Introduced  in 
t.  i..iFiih»u..  1806.     Flowers  white ;  May  and  June. 

M  10.  L.  (p.)  multiflo'ra  Walt.    The  many-flowered  Lyonia. 

I.  DeDd.  Bill.,  r  128.  i  Ddd'i  Mill..  3.  p.  831. 
■  -      iDil  our  ;*(,  lOGJ. 

spec.  Ckar.,  lie.     Leaves  deciduous,  narrow,  lanceolate,  serrate,  sprinkled  with 
hair-like  atoow.     Flowers  num^'ouii,  small,  while,  disposed  in  terminal  pa- 


.    Utml.  B 


AllDORETUM    ET    FKUTICETUM    BRITANNICUU. 

nicies,  that  are  composed  of  numerous  grouptd 
racemes.    {Don'i   Mill.)     An   aprkfat  deckluoiu 
shrub.    North  America.    Ilei^iht  2  ft.    Introducol 
m  ISIS.    FlowK^  white;  July. 
^  11.  L.  (pOcapbe^poi-ia  Wo/*,   TTieOoM- 

Willow-leaved  Lyonie. 
mifficatian.    Wnu.  D«id, 


7. ;  ind  our  y^-  'CM' 
S]iec.Char.,ffc.  Leaves 
loGj.  I.  ipi  .miiMM.  deciduous,     corisce- 

ous,  elliptic,  with  a 
short  acuminate  termination,  serrulate,  and 
sprinkled  with  short  fleshy  hairs.  Flowers  dis- 
.  posed  in  racemes  and  corymbs  that  are  mixed, 
lateral,  and  IcaA'.  Corollas  rather  silky,  globu- 
lar, coarctate.  (Don't  Mill.)  An  erect  decidu- 
ous shrub.  North  America.  Height  S II.  to 
3ft.  Intruducedinl8l2.  Flowers  white;  July. 

Gekus  IX. 


□  □ 


LEUCO'THO£  D.  Don.    The  Leucothub.     Lia.  Sytt.  Decinil 
Monog^nia. 
Unugicaliem.    n.  Don  In  Edinb.  N>w  Ptall.  Joum.,  IT.  p.  IW. ;  Don't  MIU.,  3.  p.  sll. 
Sifnmf/me.    AndT^mvIn  ip.  dT  nrerloiu  AuEhoit- 
Dcnvaliim     LenaMSt  wa  m  bnudruL  npnph.  hilDnd  bf  Apollo  ;  vho  ni  burlnl  alii 


Gen.  Char.  Ctdux  5-leaved  ;  leaves  imbricated  at  the  base.  Corolla  tubulv, 
5-toothed.  Stameiu  enclosed  ;  filaments  dilated,  flattened,  downy;  cells  of 
anthers  short,  truncate,  mutic.  Sligma  simple,  capitate.  Ci^vle  with  s 
loculicidnl  dehiscence.  (Don't  Mill.) 

Lcacei  simple,  altcrnute.  exstipu  late,  evergreen ;  coriaceons,  dentately  ipi- 
nulose.  F/ouvn  white,  racemose,  axillary,  or  terminal — Shrubs,  erergrecr, 
low  I  natives  of  North  America, 

■L  1.  L.  AXtLu'ttis  D,  Dim.     The  axillary-racnneif  Leucothoe. 

lilnlglaaim.    D.  lion  In  EdInb.  Nf«  Phli,  Jonm..  II.  p.  IM. ;  Don'i  Mill,.  S.  p.  Ml. 

.%miny«».    Andidncda  niilldtll  SiJamfcr  <n  Hurl.  Keio.  %  p.  89.  ;  A.  CiUibc'i  WllL  Cv.  lub 

■  rmr'ar^v.    Otlr^.  IDG9. 

^c  Cliar.,  S^.  Leaves  oblong  or  oval,  acumi- 
nate ;  in  the  outward  part  ol"  its  length  carti- 
laginous in  the  margin,  and  serrulate  with 
niucronate  teeth  ;  upper  siirfuce  glabrous,  under 
surface  covered  with  glandular  haira.  Young 
branches  clothed  with  powdery  down.  Flowers 
white,  in  short,  apicace,  sessile,  axillary  racemes, 
attended  by  scaly  bracteas.  Corolla  ovate  cylin- 
drical. Filamentsciliated,  very  short,  Ciqisule  de- 
pressed, globose.  {Don'i  Mill.)  Alow  evergreen 
shrub.  Virginia  to  fleorgia,  on  mountains.  Height 
art.  to  ntt.  introduced  in  1765.  Flowers 
white;  May  and  June.  una.  i..u,u~. 


XLIII.    £RICA'CE£: 


O  THO£. 


a.  L.   a,  S  hnffj&ka.    Andr6medii  longiBlta  Ptir^  Srpt.  i.  p.  393.,  Slmi 
Bol.  Mag.  t.  2337. ;  A.  WSIteri  Willd.  —  Leaves  bnear-lanceolate, 
very  long.  {Don't  Mill.) 
B.  2.  L.  spiKVLO'Sit  G.  Don.     The  apiaaioK-Joolhed-leatied  Lcucothde. 

UntVltaliam.    Dod'i  HilL,  1.  p.  HI. 

^roDiijniiH.    ADdrtmeda  iplDuUtu  Pur  A  Str*-  I-  P'  BL  :  'A.  Catnbe'l 

Snrmtlnti.    But.' Haf.,  1.  ItH.  |  Bot.  Clk.  C.  U90. ;  and  our^,  HMO. 

Spec.  Char.,  Ifc.  Lcbtcs  glabrouB,  coriaceous,  OTaCe- 
oblong,  rounded  at  the  base,  gradually  narrowed  to  the 
tip,  acuminate,  serrulate  with  teeth  that  are  spinuloee 
in  some  degree.  Flowen  white,  disposed  unilaterally 
and  rather  loosely,  in  subspicate,  axillai^,  subses^ile 
nicetiiea,  and  attended  hy  Ecaty  hrnctcas.  Corolla  short, 
ovale.cylindncal.  It  resembles  L.  axilliiHs  D.  Hon  in 
(ererel  respects.  (Don't  MiUA  A  low  evergreen  shrub. 
Lower  Carolina,  Height  2  h.  Introduced  in  IT93. 
Flowers  white ;  May  and  June. 

■.  3.  L.  jicvm im'ta  G.  Don.    The  acumioate-fropnJ  Leucothoe. 


"WKi 


ADdrfimnla  uuidIdIu  All.  Hurt.  Ken 


Eu'«iM)'  EiM.  Bo>.,  t.  89. )  Juq.  IcsD.  Ku..  I.  L  79.;  ind 
ouijlf.  1067- 

^tfc.  Char.,  fc.  Glabrous.  Stems  hollow.  Leaves 
ovate-lanceolate,  gradually  narrowed  to  the  tip, 
entire  or  unequally  serrate,  shining,  nettcdiy 
vrined,  coiiaceous.  Flowers  white,  numerous, 
upon  pedicels,  drooping;  disposed  in  racemes  that 
are  axQIary,  very  short,  corymbose,  and  nearly 
naked.  Corolla  cylindrically  ovate  (Don'i  Mi//.) 
An  erect  evergreen  shrub.  Oeortpa  and  Florida, 
in  sandy  swamps.  Height  2  It  to  3  ft.  Introd.  IT65, 


«.  *.  L.  P 


July  and  August. 
.oribu'nda  D.  Don.     The  numerous-flowered  Leucolhoe. 
Hetuykaliim.    D.  Dod  In  Edlnb.  Nn  PhU.  Jouin..  17.  p.  IM  ;  Don-i  MIU. 

Syvma™^.    AndriSmedd  HorlbflE 
Engrari-tl.    Hal.  Keg.,  t.  SOT.  i 

Spec.  Char.,   ^c.      Glabrous.      Leaves 
finely  serrulate,  appressedly  ciliate, 

axillary  and   terminul,  and  constitute 
panicles.      Pedicels   with   2  bracteaa. 
(Daa'i   Mill.)     An    erect   evergreen 
shrub.   Georpa,  on  mountains.  Height 
2  ft.  to   3  ft.      introduced   in    1812. 
Flowers  white  ;  May  and  June. 
Extremely  diiGcult  to  propagate,  therefore  rare.     Pro- 
lific in  flowers,  when  covered  with  them  very  beautiful. 
Layers,  which  do  not  root  under  two  or  three  years. 

s.  5.  L.  spica'ta  G.  Don.     The  spicate-roonuc^         '\v^fe    "^   1 
Lcucothde.  V^^fc^j' 

<V>oavF«.    Andrljiiisda  ipfcUa  IfiUi.  Dnuf.  Brit.  I.  K. 

Emgramtr    Vut.Dtiii.Brn.,t.X.:mi<MTjlf.iim.  loo.  i...pi 


570 


ARBOKETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Spec,  Char,^  S^c.  Glabrous,  except  that  the  branchlets  are  beset  with  short 
white  hairs.  Leaves  ellipticaUanceoiate,  acute,  ovate,  or  taper  at  the  base, 
serrated.  Flowers  white,  disposed  unilaterally  in  long  lateral  and  terminal 
racemes.  {DorCt  Mill.)  An  erect  evergreen  shrub.  Canada  to  Florida. 
Height  2  ft.     Introduced  in  ?  1812.    Flowers  white ;  June. 


Genus  X. 


□ 


FFERIS  D.  Don.    The  Pibris.    Lm,  Sytt.  Decdndria  Monog^nia. 

JdetUifleaUon.    D.  Don  In  Bdlnb.  New  PhlL  Joarn.,  17.  p.  199. ;  Don's  Mill^  3.  p.  833. 
&unonyfne.    Andr6meda  ip.  Wailiek, 

iJerhotion.    PitrU^  a  general  appellation  of  the  Mutes,  who  were  called  Plerldos,  from  their  birth, 
place,  Pierla,  in  Thessaly. 

Gen,  Char.  Calyx  deeply  5-parted.  Corolla  tubular  or  ovate,  with  a  con- 
tracted, 5-toothed,  revolute  border.  'Stamens  enclosed ;  filaments  dilated, 
bisetose  at  top ;  cells  of  anthers  short,  incumbent,  dehiscing  lengthwise. 
Style  robust,  pentagonal.  Stigma  truncate.  Capsule  with  a  loculiddal  de- 
hiscence.   Seeds  scobiform.  (jDon^s  Mill,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  evergreen  ;  coriaceous.  Fhwert  droop- 
ing, terminal,  racemose. —  Shrub  or  low  tree,  evergreen,  native  of  Nepal. 

1   1.  P.  oyALiFoY.iA  D,  Don,     The  oval-leaved  Pieris. 

IdentifieaUon.    Ed.  Phil.  Journ.,  17.  a  169. ;  Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  83S 
Synonyme$,    Andrdmeda  oralifblla  A»iat.  Res.  13.  p.  381. ;  A.  capriclda 

Hamilton  MSS. 
Engravings.    Asiat.  Res.,  18.  p.  391. ;  and  our^.  1070. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  oval,  acuminated,  2  in.  to  4  in. 
long,  1  in.  to  2  in.  broad,  rounded  at  the  base,  entire, 
down^  when  young.  Flqwcrs  upon  downy  pedicels, 
and  disposed  unilaterally  in  lateral,  leafy,  lengthened 
racemes,  many  in  a  raceme.  Racemes  numerous. 
Segments  of  calyx  ovate  and  acute.  Corolla  oblong, 
downy,  pale  flesh-colour.  (Don^s  Mill,^  An  evergreen 
low  tree.  Nepal,  alt  Suembu  and  Sirmagur.  Height 
20  a,  to  40  ft. ;  in  British  gardens  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1825.     Flowers  white  ;  May.  ,0-0.  p.^nau*.*. 


Genus  XI. 


LftcJ 


PHYLLO'DOC^  Sal.    The  Phyllodoce.    Lin,  Syst,  Dedindria 

Monog^nia. 

tden^fieoHon.    SaL  Par.,  t.  86. ;  D.  Don  in  Ed.  Phil.  Journ.,  July,  1834 ;  Don's  HUL,  3.  p.  83SL 

Svnonifmn.    Andrdmedn  sp.  L.  \  Meniidsia  sp.  Swartx^  Smith, 

Oerivatum,    PhgUodoce^  the  name  of  one  of  the  nymphs  of  Cyrene,  daughter  of  the  rlTcr  Peneos. 

Gen,  Char,  Calyx  5-parted.  Corolla  globose,  with  a  contracted  5-toothed 
mouth.  Stamens  10,  enclosed;  filaments  slender,  glabrous  ;  cells  of  anthers 
shorty  truncate,  mutic.  Stigma  peltate,  5-tuberculate.  Capsule  5-cdled, 
with  a  septicidaJ  dehiscence.     Seeds  compressed,  shining.  (Don^s  AiUl,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  linear,  obtuse,  spreading. 
Flowers  terminal,  solitary,  or  many  together  in  a  kind  of  umbel. —  Shrubs, 
evergreen,  very  diminutive.  Natives  of  the  North  of  Europe,  Asia,  and 
North  America. 


XLIII.    JJRICA^CEiE:    BRYa'nTHUS. 


571 


l4cntifleation 


t.  1.  P.  taxifo'lia  Sal.     The  Yew-leaved  Phyllodoce. 


Sal.  Par.,  t  86. ;  Don't  Mill.,  8.  p.  838. 

Sifnonjfmet.      Mensidt^  ccrdlea   Strx.   in  Un.  8oe. 


Trams.  10. 


p.  877. ;  Andromeda  ccriilea  Lm.  Sp.  p.  ft63. ;  A.  laxifdUa  FaiL 
Fl.  Rou.  p.  54  ;  frica  oerOlMi  WUId.  Sp.  2.  p.  883. 


Engravings, 


Eng.  Bot.,  t.  Me9.  ;    Bot.  Cab.,  1. 164. ;   and  our 


1071.  P.HxUUU. 


Spec,  Char,,  Cfc,  Leaves  with  denticulated  margins. 
Peduncles  aggregate,  glanded.  Smnents  of  the 
calyx  acuminate.  Anthers  one  third  of  the  length 
of  the  filaments.  Corolla  blue  or  purple ;  red,  on 
the  authority  of  Pursh,  in  the  species  as  found  in 
North  America.  (Don*t  Mill,)  A  low,  trailing,  ever- 
green, heath-like  shrub.  Europe,  North  America, 
and  Asia ;  in  Scotland  on  dry  neathy  moors,  rare. 
Height  6  in.    Flowers  red ;  June  and  July. 


t^  2.  P.  £M pbtrifo'rmis  D.  Don.    The  Empetrum-like 

Phyllodoce. 


ldfnt(fletttHm.    D.  Don  in  Ed.  Pha  Joorn..  Jolj,  1834  ;  Don*t  Mil.,  8.  p.  883. 
Sunonjfme,    Meniidsta  CTnpetrif&rmis  Smt'tk  in  Lm.  Soe.  Traiu.  10.  p.  380. 
Engrtu/ings,    Bot.  Mag.,  t.  3176. ;  and  owr^.  1072. 


Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Leaves  with  denticulated  margins.  Pedun- 
cles aggregate,  sparingly  glanded.  Segments  of  the  calyx 
ovate,  obtuse.  Corolla  pale  red.  Anthers-  the  length  of 
the  filaments.  (Don*s  Mill.)  A  low,  trailing,  heath-like 
evergreen  shrub.  North  America.  Height  6  in.  Introduced 
in  1810.    Flowers  pale  red;  June  and  July. 


107t. 
*•  4ni|i>tiMlnait. 


Genus  XII. 


□ 


BRYA'NTHUS  Gmel.    Thb  Brtanthus.    Lin,  Syst.  Dedindria  Mono- 

g^nia. 

Identification.    Groel.  Sib.,  4.  p.  133.  t.  57.  f.  3. ;  Phil.  Journ.,  17.  p.  160. ;  Don's  MUL,  8.  p.  838. 
St^nonifma.    Andrdmedii  sp.  Lin. ;  Mensldsto  SwAits  and  Pursh  ;  frica  sp.  Tkunb. 
Derivatiim.    From  bryon,  a  mo«s,  and  anthosy  a  flower. 

Gen.  Char,,  <S*c.  Calyx  5-leaved,  imbricate.  Corolla  deeply  5-parted,  spread- 
ing. Stamens  10,  shorter  than  the  corolla ;  filaments  flattened,  glabrous; 
cells  of  anthers  short,  mutic,  or  awned  behind,  dehiscing  by  a  terminal 
hole.  Stigma  obtuse.  Capsule  5-celled,  with  a  septicidal  dehiscence,  many- 
seeded.    Seeds  ovoid,  shining,  with  a  keeled  raphe.  (Don*s  Mill.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  small,  crowded,  spreading^ 
flattlsh.  Flowers  terminal,  solitary,  or  somewhat  racemose. — Shrubs,  small, 
trailing,  evergreen.  Natives  of  Asia  and  North  America  ;  rare  in  British 
gardens. 

t^  1.  B.  Gme^lin/  D.  Don.     Gmelin*s  Bryanthus. 

Ident^eation.    D.  Don  in  Ed.  Phil.  Journ.,  17.  p.  16a  ;  Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  833. 

SjfHonymes.    Menxidsta  bryinUia  Strartx  in  Lin.  TVans.  10.  p.  378. ;  Andr6meda  bryintba  Lin. 

Mani.  238. ;  £rlca  bryinUia  Tkvnb.  Diss.   No.  8. ;  BryinUius  rdpent  wrpyllifblia  116re  rdieo 

Cmel.  Sib.  4.  p.  133.  t  57.  f. 
Engravings.    PaU.  Fl.  Kom.,  p.  57.  t.  74.  f.  1. ;  and  our^.  1073. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Branchlets  pruinose.  Leaves  with  denticulated  margins. 
Peduncles  glandular,  many-flowered.  Anthers  mutic.  Style  filiform.  {DotCs 
Mill.)  A  trailing,  moss-like,  evergreen,  diminutive  shrub.  Kamtschatka, 
about  Port  Ochotik,  and  of  Behring's  Island,  where  it  grows  in  thick  masses 
covering  a  great  extent  of  surface,  like  wild  thyme;  and  various  other 


572 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


places,  in  mosses  and  bogs,  with  J^mpetrum.    Height 
6 in.     Introduced?.     Flowers  red;  June. 

£^  2.  B.  St  HOLLER/  D.  Don.     Steller's  Bryanthus. 

Identification.    D.  Don.  L  c. ;  Don's  MUl..  3.  p.  838. 

Synonymet.    KvAvtmeaa  StelleridfM  Pall.  Fl.  Ron.  p.  58.  t.  74.  £  8. ; 

Menxidtta  empetrifdrmU  Purdt  n.  Amer.  Sfpt.  1.  p.  265.,  but  not  of 

others. 
Engravingt.    PalL  FL  Rom.,  p.  68.  t.  74.  f.  2. ;  and  onxfig,  1074. 

Spec.  Char,^  ^c,  Branchlets 
glabrous.  Leaves  with  ob- 
solete crenulated  edges. 
Flowers  solitary,  nearly 
sessile.  Anthers  2-homed  /!^ 
behind.  Style  conical. 
Flowers  pale  red.  (Don's 
Mill,)  A  trailing  diminu- 
tive evergreen  shrub. 
North-west  coast  of  Ame- 
rica, on  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, and  near  the  mouth  1074.  b.  twaimi. 
of   the    Columbia    River, 

and  in  the  Island  of  Sitcha.    Height  6  in.     Introduced  ?.   Flowers  pale  red, 

lai^er  than  in  B.  Omclint ;  June. 

Genus  XIIL 


1073.  B.OmUlni. 


□□D 


DABCE  CIA  D.  Don.    The  Dab<ecia.    Lin.  Sytt.  Oct4ndria  Monogynia. 

Identification.    D.  Don  In  Edlnbi  New.  Fhll.  Journ.,  17.  p.  160. ;  Don*s  Mill.,  S.  p.  8S8. 
SuHongmes,    iTrlca  sp.  Lin, ;  Andr6mcdii  sp.  Lm. ;  Menzl^'a  sp.  Jtu». 
Derivation,    D.  /mlliolia  D.  Don  Is  called,  in  Ireland,  St.  Dabeoc't  heath. 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  4-parted.  Corolla  oval,  ventricose ;  limb  4-toothed.  iSto- 
mens  8,  enclosed;  filaments  dilated,  glabrous.  Anthert  linear,  sagittate 
at  the  base ;  cells  of  anthers  parallel,  loosened  at  the  apex,  dehiscing 
lengthwise.  Stigma  simple,  truncate.  Capsule  4-celled,  with  a  septicidu 
dehiscence.  (Don*s  Mill.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  acerose,  elliptic,  flat, 
clothed  with  white  tomentum  beneath.  Flowers  terminal,  racemose,  purple. 
—  A  shrub,  evergreen,  diminutive,  bushy;  native  of  Ireland  and  the  Pyrenees. 

«.  1.  D.  A>LiFoYiA  D.  Von.    The  Poly-leaved  Daboecia. 


Identification.    D.  Don  In  Edlntk  New  Phil.  Journ.,  17.  p.  160. ,  ^w..  •  »....., »,  y. «». 
Synonymes.    Andr6med/i  Dabce'cta  Lin.  Svst.  406. ;  Arlca  Daba)*cta  Lin.  Sp.  509. ;  MeoxidtM 


Don's  Mill.,  3w  p.  8SS. 
alMB^cta  Lin.  Sp.  509. 
DabcpVf'a  Dec.  Fl.  Gall.  674. ;   £rlca  bib^rnlca,  Ac,  Raii  Hist.  3.  Suppi.  944. ;  Menz1M0  . 
lifblia  Jii$g.  Ann.  Mus.  1.  p.  55. ;  Faccintum  cantibrlcum  Huds.  FL  AttgL  ed.  I.  p.  143.;  Irish 
WliortB,  Cantabrian  Heath,  St  Dabeoc's  Heatlu 
Engravingg.    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  35. ;  Sweet's  Brit  Fl.-GanL,  SL  s.  t.  S76. ;  and  wu  JIgt,  \tRh.  and  1076. 

Spec.  Char.^  S^c,  Leaves  elliptic,  flat, 
clothed  with  white  tomentum  beneath. 
Flowers  in  terminal  racemes.  {Don's 
iXfilL)  A  bushy,  heath-like,  evergreen 
undershrub.  Ireland  and  the  Pyre-(, 
nees,  on  the  sides  of  mountains  and 
dry  heaths,  where  it  is  very  ornamental. 
Height  1  6.  to  2  ft.  Flowers  purple  ; 
June  to  September. 


raricly. 


I07A.    a^lAlla. 


D.  p.  2  Jlore  dlbo  Swt.  Brit.  Fl.         lois.  u. 


XLIIl.    £RICACE«:    ARBUTUS. 


),  groiring  along  with  the 


fflS 


UrtliflcBliiM.    Cuner.  Epil.,  p.  163.  j  Don*!  UlU..  3.  p.  SM. 

JJrrinuim.    Piwn  or  bait,  luiten  bub,  Celllc  i  Id  iUuiIod  (o  (bs  lunere  iiuilltj  oftlif  rnill. 

Gcti.  Char,  Calyx  5-parl«d.  Corolla  globose,  or  OTStely  cantpanulale  i  limb 
5-cleft,  rcfleietl.  Slameni  10,  enclosed.  Aniken  L-ompressed  on  Ibe  side?, 
dehiscing  by  two  pores  at  the  apex,  fixed  by  the  bact  beneath  the  apex, 
where  they  are  runilshed  with  two  reSexed  awns.  Ovarium  seated  on  a 
hypogynoua  disk,  or  half-immersed  in  it,  d-cclled ;  cells  many-seeded.  Styk 
1.     Stigma  obtuse.     Berry  nearly  globose,  granular.  {DorCt  Mill.') 

J>i7iw»  simple,  alternate,  e»itipu!ate,  evergreen;  serrated  or  entire.  Flaivcrt 
in  racemes,  temunal,  panicled,  pedicellate,  bracteale,  with  white  or  flesh 
coloured  corollas. — Trees  ailtl  sorubs,  evergreen  ;  natives  or  Europe,  Asia, 
and  America. 
They  arc  of  easy  culture,  in  sandy  loam,  or  loam  and  peat ;  and  they  are 

readily  propagated,  the  common  kinds  by  layers,  cuttings,  or  seeds,  and  the 

rarer  and  tenderer  suits  by  grafiini:  on  those  that  are  more  common  anil  hardy. 

All  the  species  have  the  outer  bark  more  or  less  tinged  with  red,  and  scaly. 
^1   I.  A.  IPuBDO  L.     The  Unedo  Arbutus,  or  Strawberry  Tree. 

Uimaicatlom.    Lin.Sp.,we.(  Doo'iHIIL.t.  p.lM, 

^isn^HKi.    L'Arboutlarconnnuii.  Ailnuilii  dn  pjrtntH,  or  FnUlnan  Arbr*,  Fr.;  Brdbacn- 

^rSfnfi.  Ea"'Bui.',V  W7.iuidDiitJte.i0TT. 
^lec.  Char.,  ije.  Arboreous.  Branch- 
lets  clothed  with  glandular  hairs. 
Leaves  ob Ions- lanceolate,  glabrous, 
serrulated.  Howers  nodiiing,  Pe- 
duncles smoolli.  (J)on'j  MiU.)  An 
evergreen  shrub  or  low  tree.  South 
of  Europe,  Palestine,  and  Ireland, 
ID  the  county  of  Kerry,  near  the 
Lake  of  Killamey,  on  barren  lime- 
stone rocks,  where  the  country 
people  eat  tlie  fruit.  Height  10  ft. 
to  20  ft.  Flowers  white ;  Septem- 
ber and  December.  Fruit  large, 
scarlet ;  ripe  in  December. 
Varietiei. 

«  t   A.  U.   1  6ttnu  Ait.  Hort. 

-      Kew.    u.p.7l.  — Flowers  ,^,    .-^^v-,^ 

while.     This  is  the  com- 
mon sort,  raised  in  nurseries  hy  seed.     The  flowers  are  sometimes 
of  a  greenish  or   yellowish  white,  and   sometimes  reddish.      The 
colour  of  the  ftuit,  also,  varies  in  a  similar  manner. 
■  I   A.  U.  2  ruber  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  ii.   p.  7].  — Flowers  reddish.     This 
ii  the  handsomest  variety  in  cultivation.    It  is  commonly  propagated 
by  layt-TB.  or  by  grafling  on  the  species,  and  sometimes  by  cuftinKs. 
•  X.V.ZpUnvi  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  iL  p.  71.  — Flowers  semidouble. 


574  aruoretuh  et   fhuticetum  britannicch. 

•   A.  U.  4  tdntopkatat.  —  Corolla  cut  into  more  thaii  the  number  (5)  oT 
segments  conatant  to  the  corolla  of  the  apecies.     Hort.  Soc.  Garden. 

«  fL.\i.5mUg<ifiUut.  (SimsBoE.  Mag.,  t.  2319.  and  our 
&.  197a.)— Leaves  entire.    Hort.  8oc.  Ganl. 

■  A.  U.  6  criipiu.  —  Leaves  curled  and  cut,  and  the 
plant  dwarf. 

«  A.  U.  7  talicifiBiu  —  Leaves  narrow,  verj'  distinct. 
The  common  arbutus  will  grow  to  the  h^ht  of  SO  or  30 
feet  i  but,  unless  pruned  to  a  single  stem,  it  assumes  more  the 
character  of  a  huge  bush  than  Chat  of  a  regular-headed  Irce. 
The  rate  of  growth,   when  young  and  properly  treated,  will 
arernge  1  ft.  a  year  for  the  first  10  years;  and  the  plant  is 
of  considerable  durability.     It  will  thrive  in  any  tolerably  free 
soil  ;  though  it  seems  to  grow  fastest,  and  attain  the  largest 
size,  in  deep  sandy  loam.      It  will  grow  either  in  open  or  '"*■  ^■■. — •- 
sheltered   situations,  but  does   not   thrive   under   the   shade 
of  trees.      The  species   ig  readilv  propa^ted  by  seeds,  which    should  be 
sonn,  as  soon  as  they  are  separated  from  the  pulp  of  the  fruit,  in  pots  of  light, 
rich,  sandy  soil,  or  heath  mould,  and  then  placed  in  the  shade,  where  they  caa 
be  protected  from  the  frost  and  the  sun.     Plants  raised  from  seed  do  not  ge- 
nerally flower  till  5  or  6  years  old.     The  double  and  the  scarlet-flowered,  and 
all  the  other  varieties,  arc  propagated   by 
layers,  by  grafting,  or   by  cuttings  of  the 
wood  in  a  growing  state,  token  ofl'  in  July, 
and  treated  like  cuttings  of  heath. 

I  •  2.  J.  py'bbida  Ker.     The  hybrid 

Arbutus,  or  Slraiaberty  Trtv. 


) 


Mni'fiaulan. 

Suiunync.    A.  ODdnchotildH  LMi  Bimm,  1.  n.  399. 
Elt'tritt.     BiK.  Beg.,  t.  Gia.  i  Ihn  plats  [n  Arb.  UrU.., 
IK  edit,  Tol.  vl.  j  ud  ourjlfl.  ion.  ud  lOSO, 

Spec.  Oiar.,  #c,     Branchlcts  pilose.    Leaves  ( 

oblong,  acute,  serrated,  glabrous.     Panicle 

tenniDal,    pendulous,    downy.       Flowers 

white.       Calyx    glabrotia.     {Doti'i  MiU.)  ,^,.  j.„,i„j^ 

An  evergreen  shrub  or  low  tree.     Origi- 

naCcd  in  gardens  about  1800.  Height  lon.  to  SOft.     Flowta^  white  ;  Sep* 

tcmbcr  to  December,     Fruit  scarlet  {  rarely  produced. 

T^ia  hybrid  appears  to 
have  been  originated  be- 
tween the  first  and  the 
third  spedes,  and  to  be  in- 
termediate between  them 
both  in  appearance  and 
constitution.  It  is  loss 
tender  than  No  4.,  and 
more  so  than  No.  3.  In 
Britbh  gardens  it  ii  very 
ornamental  from 
its     foliage     and         _  i 

flowers  ;    but)    BB  jB^^      ^ 
might  be  expected,  ^ 
it   rarely  perfects 
fruit.   Propagated 
by  gralting  on  the 
common  species. 


XLIII.    £RICa'cE«:    yBBUTUS. 


TaTrfy, 


f  m  A.  h,  2  MUlen  (A.  Hflleri  Hayes  in  West  of  England  JoDroal  of 

Science  and  Lit.,  Jan.  1835 ;  nnd  Gard.  Mug.,  xi.  p.  £59.)  waa  raised 

from  seed  in  the  Bristol  Nursery,  from  the  ecarlet-flowered  Tariety  of 

A.  tAicdo  and  A.  Atidtichae.    The  flowers  are  of  a  delicate  pink, 

the  leaves  are  large,  and  the  plant  vigoroitB. 

Apparently  ■  hybrid  between  A.  CTnedo  and  A.  j^ndrichne.     It  gniws  as 

r^idly  as  the  A.  U^edo,  forms  liilly  as  large  a  tree,  is  more  bcaudfiil  in  its 

flowen,  which  are  in  larger  panicles,  and  is  nearly  as  hardy. 

iM3.A.  ^ndra'cbns  L.     The  Andrachre  ArbutUB,  or  Slrawbeny  Trrc. 

...  Mfi.j  Doo'l  Mill.  S.  p.  8S4. 

ItblU  im.;  ^ndricbni  ThnphritU  Clui.  HIH.  I.  p.  U.  i  AlAifchnt  Turk. 

siiiranwgi    BoC.  ()«.,  t.  1 13.  i  Bot.  >U(,  L  »M.[  tlw  jilUe  in  Aril  Brit,  liltdll.,  tdI-tLi  uu] 
oot^t  IWI.  iDd  liSl, 

'  Upec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  oblong,  UuDtish,  entire  in  some,  a  Uttle  serrated  in 
others,  glabroiis.  Panidesternunal,  erect,  clothed  with  viscid  down.  Flowers 


greenish  white.    Fruit  like  that  of  A.  CTnedo.  (Doa'i  MiU.)    An  evergreen 
shrub  or  low  tree.     Greece,  Asia  Minor,  and  Tauria.  Height  SO  ft.  to  30  fV. 
lotrodiiced  in  1724.  Flowers  greenish  white;  March  and  April.  Fhiit  like 
that  of  A.  IPaedo  i  ripe  in  December- 

}  ■  A.  A.  2  terratifolia,  A.  ser- 
ratifolia  Aoir.,  (Lodd.  Bot. 
Cab.,  t.  580. ;  and  our  fg. 
1083.)  has  the  leaves  ser- 
rated, and  narrower  than 
those  of  the  species.  The 
flowers  are  yellowish,  and 
disposed  in  rather  large 
terminal  clusters. 

It  differs  from  the  common  ubutui  in  having 

much  loneer  leaves,  smooth,  coriaceous,  and  shining, 

and  but  uightlv  if  at  all  serrated,  BDdpolished;  but 

lan.  <.  jiidrtiui.         the  outer  bark  cracks,  and  peds  offm  very  thin 


ARBOKETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 


e  somewhat  tender;  but,  ir 
kept  ID  pots  till  2  or  3  feet  high  before  they  are  planted  out,  they  will  endure 
the  wincem  in  the  nei^hbotirhood  of  London  without  any  protection  j  and 
will  grow  Dearly  aa  r&pidlj  as  the  common  arbutiu,  becoming  eTencuolly  mucb 
larger  and  finer  trees. 

i  m  i.  A,  proce'ha  Uouglat.     The  tall  Arbutus,  or  Strawberry  Tm. 

IdmiaUaliim.    LlndL  BnC  Ris„  t.  IS71. 
Eigrminfi.    Bat.  Btg.,  I.  wS.  ;  waA  oai  Jig.  KM. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.    Leaves  oblong,  serrated,  or  entire,  * 

timooth  ;  petioles  smooth.      Sacemea  terminal. 

panicles  second.  (Lmdi.)     A  small  evergreen 

tree;  io  British  gardens  an  ererereen  bush,  vilh 

line  broad  glossy  foliage.    North-west  coast  of 

North  America.      Height  10ft.  to  SO  ft.      In- 
troduced in  1325.      Flowers  delicate,  greenish 

white;  May.     Fruit  like  that  of  the  coaimon 

arbutus. 

Nearly  allied  to  A.  ^ndrichne  ;  but  differing  in 
the  form  and  serraturet  of  its  leaves,  and  in  the 
form  and  size  of  its  Sowers.     The  root  shoots  are  ; 
covered  with  scattered  bristles,  aa  also  are  the  leaf  ' 
stalk,  and  the  leaves  themselves  on  such  shoots  are  '--'  + 

very  strongly  serrated.  iom.  j.imcr. 

9*  Purih.     The  downy  Arbutus,  or  Slraubmy  TVre. 

Idauffictltoit.     Punfa  Fl.  Ain«.  SrpC,  I.  p.  Wt.j  Don'iHlLU  9.  p.  BU, 
SummfM.    .IretailiphTlaa  UaUBUu  CiWt  Bill.  A«..  t.  mi. 
Enparmtl.    BoC.  Um.,  C.  nW,  I  BdI.  Ktt:  t,  ITSI.  i  ud  ourjfa.  lOil. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sic.  The  whole  plant,  except  the  flowers,  doway 
while  young.  Branches  hispid.  Leaves  with  short  and 
hispid  petioles,  midribs  hispid,  and  disks  oval,  acute,  sub- 
cordate  at  the  base,  and  clothed  with  white  tomentuoi 
beneath.  Flowers  bractested,  disposed  in  somewhat  beaded 
racemes,  which  are  axillary,  and  shorter  than  the  leaves. 
Corolla  campanulately  pitcher-shaped,  pure  white.  (Don't 
Mai.)  A  low  evergreen  shrub.  West  coast  of  North 
America.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  16!6- 
Flowers  pure  while  ;  Dec.  

:   Amott  in 


lo'ra  H.  B.  et  Kunih.     The 
densely  fld  Arbutus,  or  Slraabeny  Tree. 
/>fauM<Hft«.    H.  B.  HKuuhNoT.  OeiL  Amn-.S,  p.3M. 

t.  i£o.  ;  DoD'i  Hill..  1.  p.  RU. 
SmtrtMnfi.    H.  B.  M  KuHh  No>.  0«a.  Asiir.,  S.  p.  SBO. 

Spec.  Char.,  ije.  Branches  angular,  pilose. 
Leaves  4  in.  to  5  in.  long  ;  their  petioles 
long,  pilose  ;  their  disks  oblong,  acute, 
sharply  toothed,  coriaceous,  glabrous  above, 
and  shining  beneath,  clothed  with  brown- 
tinged  down,  and  the  middle  nerve  with  long 
rusty-hued han,  FlowetBcrowded,di*po9ed 


XLIII.   ii:RICAC£iE:    ^RCrOSTA  PHYLOS. 


677 


in  panicles  that  are  terminal  and  composed  of  approximate  racemes.  Pedi- 
eels  furnished  with  3  bracteas  at  the  base.  Corolla  oval,  white.  Filaments 
dilated  and  pilose  at  the  base.  (Don*s  Mill.)  A  robust  shrub  or  low  tree. 
Mexico,  on  the  eastern  declivities  between  La  Plata  and  Xalapa.  Height 
20  ft. ;  in  British  gardtens  6  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1626.  Flowers 
white ;  December. 

Other  Species  apparently  hardy,  —  A.  speciosa  Dickson,  Gard.  Mag.  1840, 
p.  4.  Leaves  lanceolate,  finely  serrated,  glaucous  on  the  under  siiie,  and  bright 
green  above.  Probably  a  large  bush  or  small  tree.  Mexico,  1837.  Another 
species,  and  also  A.  nepalennt  Koyle,  have  been  raised  in  the  U.  8.  Garden. 

Genus  XV. 


ilRCTOSTA'PHYLOS  Adans.    The  Bearberry.     Lin,  Sytt.   Dec6ndria 

Monogynia. 

IttenlifiaUHm,    Adam.  Fam. ;  Don'i  Mill.,  8.  p.  83A. 
Synonifmes.    ITva-Arii  Dod.,  Toum. :  i^'rbutui  sp.  Lin. 
Derivation.    From  arktos,  a  bear,  and  stapkuH,  a  grape. 

Gcjt,  Char.  Calyx  5-parted.  Corolla  globose  or  ovate>campanulate ;  limb 
6-cleft,  reflexed.  Stamens  10,  enclosed  ;  filaments  dilated  at  the  base,  and 
pilose.  Anthers  compressed  at  the  sides,  dehiscing  by  two  pores  at  the 
apex,  fixed  by  the  back  beneath  the  middle,  where  they  are  furnished  with 
two  refiexed  horns.  Ovarium  seated  on  the  hypogynous  disk,  or  half- 
immersed  in  it,  usually  5-celled,  rarely  6— 9-celled ;  cells  l-seedcd.  Styles  1 
Stigma  obtuse.    Drupe  nearly  globose.  (Don^s  Mill,) 

Leaves  simple,  alte  nate,  exstipulate,  evergreen  or  deciduous  ;  entire 
or  serrated.  Flowers  in  terminal  racemes,  pedicellate  bracteate.  Porollas 
white  or  flesh-coloured.  Drupes  red  or  black.  —  Shrubs  or  subshrubs, 
deciduous  or  evergreen,  low  or  trailing ;  natives  of  Europe  or  America. 

*-  1.  i4.  UVa-u'rsi  Spreng,     The  common  Bearberry. 

tdmttfleaUon.    Spreng.  Syit.,  2.  p.  827. ;  Don'i  Mill.,  8.  p.  835. 

SynoM^mes.  ^'rbutus  U  Ta-Orit  Lin.  Sp,  566. ;  il'rbutui  ^uxifblia  Stakes  BoL  609. ,  UVa-drti 
^zin>lj<i  Sal.  in  Gr<^*t  Arr.  8.  p.  400. ;  Bearberries,  and  Bear-whortleberriet,  £'ng< :  Baren. 
trvube,  or  Barenbecre,  Ger. ;  Beerenduuif,  Dutch ;  la  Baswrole,  Fr. ;  Uva  d'Onio,  Ital.;  Uva 
de  Oso,  Span. ;  Uva  de  Urio,  Port. ;  and  Uva  Ursl  in  the  works  of  most  old  botanitu. 

Engrarings,    Engl.  Bot.,  t.  714. ;  Schmidt  Baum.,  1 138. ;  and  our^.  10C7. 

Spec.  Char,^  ^c.  Stems  procumbent.  Leaves  per- 
manent, obovate,  quite  entire,  coriaceous,  shining, 
resembling  those  of  the  common  box.  Flowers 
fa.sciculate  ;  pale  red,  or  white  with  a  red  mouth ; 
growing  in  small  clusters  at  the  extremities  of 
the  branches.  Drupe  5-celled.  {Don's  Mill.) 
A  trailing  evergreen  shrub.  Canada  and  New 
England  m  locky  situations,  and  in  the  Island  of 
Unalascha  ;  also  in  the  middle  of  Europe  ;  and 
upon  dry  heathy  mountains  throughout  the  High- 
lands and  Western  Isles  of  Scotland.  Height  1  n. ; 
trailing  stems  2  ft.  to  4  ft.  Flowei's  pale  red  ;  May  and  June.  Berries 
red ;  ripe  in  September. 

Variety. 

u   A.  U.  2  austriaca  Lodd.— -Leaves  somewhat  larger  than  those  of 
the  species. 

The  berries  are  filled  with  an  austere  mealy  pulp,  and  serve  as  food  for 
grouse  and  other  birds  in  Britain  ;  and  in  Sweden,  Russia,  and  America,  they 
form  a  principal  part  of  the  food  of  bears.  The  whole  plant  is  powerriiUy 
astringent :  it  abounds  in  the    tannin  principle  ;  and,  both  in  Sweden  and 

p  p 


1M7.    A.  iTia-uni. 


578 


AllBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


Aineric*!,  it  has  been  used  for  tanning  leather,  and  dyeing  it  an  asb-grey 
colour.     On  rockwork  in  gardens  it  is  very  ornamental. 

t.  2.  A.  ALPi^NA  Spreng     The  Alpine  Bearberry. 

Ident0eatf<m,    Spreng.  Sytt,  2.  p.  SS7. ;  Don'i  Mill,  3.  p.  896. 
Synof^ftne.    ^'rbutus  alptna  Lin.  Sp.  &€6. 
Engravingi,    Engl.  Bot,  L  9030. ;  and  our>i;g.  1088. 

Spec.  Char,,  Sfc,  Stem  procumbent.  Leaves  obovate,  acute,  wrinkled,  ser- 
rated, deciduous.  Racemes  terminal.  Pedicels  rather  hairy.  The  flowers 
grow  in  refiexed  racemes,  and  are  pure  white.  (Don*t  MUl,)  A  trailing 
evergreen  shrub.  Denmark,  Switzerland,  Siberia,  Lap- 
land, &c. ;  the  Highlands  of  Scotland,  on  dry  moors ; 
also  in  Canada,  &c.  Height  1  ft.  ;  shoots  2  ft.  to  4  ft. 
Flowers  in  reflexed  racemes,  pure  white ;  April  to  June. 
Fruit  black,  of  the  size  of  a  sloe,  with  a  taste  somewhat 
resembling  that  of  black  currants,  but  more  mawkish  ; 
ripe  in  September. 

In  British  gardens,  it  has  long  been  a  favourite  peat- 
earth  trailing  shrub,  requiring  an  airy  situation.      It  does 
not  thrive  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  London,  nor  where 
it  is  much  sheltered  ;  but,  either  on  rockwork,  in  beds  of  dry  peat,  or  in 
moist  peat,  it  grows  with  great  luxuriance,  and  occasionally  ripens  fruit. 

A.  pungent  H.  B.  et  Kunth  {DtnCi  AM,,  iii.  p.  836.)  is  a  native  of  Mexico, 
in  elevated  places,  near  Moran  and  Villalpando,  where  it  forms  a  branchy 
shrub,  about  a  foot  in  height.     Introduced  m  1839.     Hort.  See.  Garden. 

Genus  XVI. 


low.    XsipUM. 


PERNE'TTYi^  Gaud.    The  Pernettya.    Lin.  Sytt.  Decandria. 

Monogynia. 

JdrntifteatioH.    Gaud,  in  Frey.  Voj.,  p.  454.  t.  67. ;  Don't  Mill.,  3  p.  836 
Derivation.    Named  after  Dom  Pernetty^  the  auUior  of  the  Account  of  a  Voyage  to  tJke  ^ 
Isk$  {  a  worli  reraarlLable  for  iu  interest,  as  well  as  for  its  candour  and  exactneM.    The  original 
species  of  this  genus  was  mentioned  by  this  traveller  under  the  name  of  **  Brujf^v  &  ftwlkt 
pointues."  {Undl.  in  Boi.  Reg.) 

Gen.  Char,  Calyx  inferior,  5-parted.  Corolla  globose;  limb  5-parted,  r&> 
volute.  Stament  10,  almost  hypogynous,  enclosed;  filaments  thickened  at 
the  base.  CelJt  of  anthers  bifid,  and  dehiscing  at  the  apex.  Ocarmm  free, 
depressed,  globose,  5-celled ;  cells  many-seeded  ;  hypogynous  scales  or 
glands  1 0,  3-lobed,  forming  a  ring  round  the  ovarium,  and  alternating  with 
the  stamens.  Style  terminal,  short.  Stigma  convex,  obsoletely  5-lobed. 
Berry  propped  by  the  rather  fleshy  calyx.  Seedt  minute,  oblong-ovate. 
{Doi*s  Mil,) 

Lenvet  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  evergreen  ;  very  small,  approximate. 
Fhwert  axillary,  solitary,  drooping,  with  bracteate  peduncles. —  Shrubs, 
evergreen,  small,  spreading,  much  branched  ;  natives  of  Europe  and  Amenca. 

It.  I.  P.  MUCRONA^TA  Gatid.     The  mucronate-Zeoivt/  Pernettya. 

Identification.    Gaud,  in  Ann.  8c,  fi.  p.  102. ;  Don's  Mil).,  S.  p.  836. 

Synonyme.    jl'rbutus  mucronita  Lin.JiL  Suppl.  P;^S39. 

hUgravingt.    Bot  Reg.,  L  1675. ;  Bot.  Mag.,  t  3098L ;  and  cnrjig.  109. 

Spec.  Char.f  Sfc.  Leaves  ovate,  cuspidate,  denticulately  serrulate,  stifl^  shining 
on  both  surfaces.  Pedicels  axillary,  bracteate,  about  equal  in  length  to  the 
leaves.  Flowers  white,  drooping.  (Don^t  Mill.)  A  neat  little  evergreen 
ihrub.  Terra  del  Fuego,  Cape  Horn,  and  the  Straits  of  Magellan.  He^t 
2  ft.  to  3  ft.     Introduced  in  1828.     Flowers  white ;  May. 


XLiii.  £rica'ce«;  OAULTUeW^.  579 

■,  f .   ••■   8   Camn^ngu,    P.   Cummfc^   Lodil., 

d^rs   from  the  ^>ecieB  in   having  larger, 

leM  Krrated,  ind  more  ovate  leave*. 

A  hard]'  ereij^reen  shrub,  of  consitlerable  beaut}, 

on  account  of  the  neat  appearance  and  dark  colour  □( 

U  2.  P.  PiLo'iA  G.  Dm.     The  pilose,  or  hiani, 
Pernettya. 

Umlfiaain.    ati^1tag.,M.  f.tK.i'Dai't1lin.,»,  f.*K.;  Bat- 

^iunMiK.    ^rtninil  pIUM  Graiam. 

Aifrnlaf    BM.  !!■«.,[.  SI77.(  ■ndootA-10»- 

Spec.  Char.,  ^.     Stem  pilose,  pro- 
tat.   I-  .iiiiiM,  cumbent.       Leaves     ovate-elliptic, 

cilialely  serrulated,  coriaceous,  with- 
out a  mucro,  and  callous  at  the  point.  Pedicela  axillary, 
t-flowereJ,  elongated,  deflexed.  Corolla  ovate,  with  blunt 
revolute  teeth,  white.  (Doh'i  Mill.)  A  prostrate  ever- 
peen  shrub.  Mexico.  Hdght  6  in.  to  1  ft.  Introduced  in 
1828,  or  before.     Flowers  white  ;  May. 

P.  varrophyUa  Gaud.  {Don'i  Mill  ,m.  p.  336.),  ^'rbutUK 
microphyila  Foril.,  ^.  rerpyllifolia  Law.,  is  a  native  of  tlie 
Straits  of  Mageltan,  where  it  grows  to  the  height  of  8  or  3 
feet,  but  has  not  yet  been  introduced. 

P.pumita  Gaud.  (So(.  Reg.,  May,  IB34),  ^'rbutus  pumila 
Font.,  is  a  native  of  Magellan,  introduced  in  1880.  Horti- 
cultural Society's  Garden. 

Gimis  XVII. 


□  □ 


OAULTHE'R/^  L.    Thb  Oaultabria.    Lm.  Syit.  Decindria 
Monogyniu. 

UrOHItaliim.    Ltn.Gn.,  No.UI.  1  l>iHi'>Mlll,.».  p  «m. 

Gn.  Char.  Calyx  5-cleft.  Corolla  ovate,  with  a  short  5-clefl  limb.  Slamem 
ll),  eodoaed.  AnJieri  bilid  at  the  apex  ;  lobes  biariitate.  Style  1.  Stigma 
obtuse.  Hypogynota  tcttla  10,  obsolete,  or  connate  at  the  base.  Captult 
deprewedly  globose,  5-celied,  5-furrowed,  covered  by  the  calyi,  which  i» 
sometimes  baccate  i  valves  septiferous  in  the  middle.  PlaxrUtu  adnate  to 
the  baae  of  the  column.  Secdt  numerous,  covered  by  a  reticulated  tetta. 
(Don;  MiU.) 

Leavet  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  toothed,  ciliated.   Flowers 
axillary  and  terminal,  racemose,  rarely  solitary ;  pedicels  bibractcolate.    " 


1^  I.  G.  fbocu'mbens  L,     The  procumbent  Uaultherift. 
Ht<uiflalitm.    Un.  Sa_  W.i  Don')  MUl„a.  v.eK.j  Ladd.  Cu.,«d.  ISK. 

^KH^nwi.  PutrtdnBrTTT.MiHinuinTu.  Spring  Wlam-Oraen,  SiiutVi  HiUarj  iif  Ncrt  Seolia. 
tm^attmB.  Asdr  BuL  Ren,.  IIG.  ;  Kilm  ARiaa,.  S,  p.  H.  t.  I.  f.  £■  ;  Uu  tUin,  Arb.,  1.  p.  SSe. 
L  III.;  Lodd.  BM.  C*D..  t.  81.  i  SIm'l  Bot.  Ha«.,  L  1996.)  ud  aur;^.  IWl. 

Spec.  Char.,  iic     Stem  procumbent.     Branches  erect,  naked  at  bottom,  but 

with  crowded  leaves  at  top.     Leave*  obovate,  acute  at  the  base,  findy  and 

P  P  8 


580 


ARBORETUM    £T    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


ciliately  toothed.  Flowers  few,  terminal,  nutant. 
{Don's  Mill.)  A  very  small  evergreen  shrub.  Canada 
to  Virginia,  in  dry  woods,  on  mountains,  and  in 
sandy  places.  Height  6  in.  Introduced  in  1762. 
Flowers  white;  July  to  September.  Berries  red; 
remaining  on  the  plant  great  part  of  the  winter. 

A  very  pretty  littie  shining-leaved  plant,  improperly 
termed  procumbent,  which  makes  verv  ornamental 
edgings  in  peat  soil,  kept  moist ;  in  which  soil  alone 
it  can  be  well  grown.  The  leaves,  if  properly  cured, 
make  a  most  excellent  tea. 


1091.    O.  proetaibaM. 


fi.  2.  G.  Sha'LLON  Pursh.    The  Shallon  Oaultheria. 

IdentifieatUm.    Pursh  FI.  Amer.  S«pt ,  1 .  p.  983. ;  Don't  Mill.,  S.  p.  839. 

Engravings.    Pursh  Sept.,  1.  flg. ;  Bot.  Mag.,  1 3843. ;  Bot.  Reg.,  1 1411.  i  and  our^.  14192. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Procumbent,  hairy  on  the  stems.  Leaves  ovate,  subcordate, 
serrated,  glabrous  on  both  surfaces.  Racemes  secund,  bracteate,  clothed 
with  rusty  down.  Branches  warted,  clothed  with  rusty  down  when  young. 
Leaves  broad,  abruptly  acuminated.  Pe- 
dicels Rcaly.  Corolla  white,  tinged  with 
red,  downy,  urceolate,  with  a  closed  limb. 
Berries  globose,  acute,  fleshy,  purple. 
{DofCt  Mill.)  A  procumbent  evergreen 
shrub.  North  America,  on  the  Falls  of  the 
Columbia,  and  near  the  Western  Ocean. 
Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  in  1826. 
Flowers  white,  tinged  with  pink  ;  May. 
Fruit  purple  ;  September. 

This  plant  grows  in  the  shade  of  close 
pine  forests,  where  hardly  any  thing  else 

will  thrive.  The  berries  are  much  esteemed  by  the  natives,  on  accoant 
of  their  agreeable  flavour.  In  the  North  of  En^and,  and  in  Scotland,  the 
x>lant  has  already  been  employed  as  undergrowth  m  artificial  plantations,  for 
^>)e  sake  of  the  shelter  and  food  which  it  aflbrds  for  game. 


Genus  XVIII. 


EPIGiE^A  jL.    The  Epio^a.    Lin,  Sytt,  Dec^ndria  Monog/nia. 

JdentificaUon.    Lin.  Gen.,  No.  ftSO. ;  Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  841. 

Sunonifmes.    JIfemfcylum  MtdL  Oen.  18. ;  May  Flower,  Nova  Scotia, 

Derivation,    From  cpi,  upon,  and  gala,  Uie  earth ;  the  plant  creeps  upon  the  tarlhoe  of  Che  earth. 

Gen,  Char,  Calyx  larse,  5-parted,  furnished  with  3  bracteas  at  the  base. 
Corolla  salver-shaped,  with  a  5-parted  spreading  limb ;  tube  villc*as  innde. 
Stamens  10.  Capsule  5-celled,  many-seeded. 
Placenta  5-parted.  (Don^s  Mill,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  entipulate,  ever- 
^een  ;  entire^  Flowers  axillary  and  terminal, 
m  dense  racemes. — A  shrub,  evergreen,  creep- 
ing, tufted ;  native  of  North  America. 

jl>,  1.  E.  re' PENS  L,    The  creeping  Epigaea. 

Identification,     Lin.  Sp.,  fl65. :  Don's  Hill.,  3.  p.  841. :  Lodd. 

Cat,  ed.  1836. 
EngramngM,    Bot.  Rep.,  102. ;  Bot.  Cabi,  Ifia  ;  and  our>^.  10». 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.    Branches,  petioles,  and  nerves  of 


XLllI.  ekica'^ceje:  cle^thra. 


581 


leaves  very  hairy.  Leaves  cordate-ovate,  quite  entire.  Corollas  cylin- 
drical. Flowers  white,  tinged  with  red,  very  fraerant.  (Don^s  MUl,)  A 
creeping  evergreen  shrub.  Nova  Scotia  to  Carolina,  on  shady  rocks  and 
in  stony  woods,  on  the  sides  of  hills,  and  at  the  roots  of  pines.  Height 
6  in.  Introduced  in  1736.  Flowers  white,  tinged  with  red,  very  fragrant ; 
May  to  July. 

Variety, 

%,  E,  r.  2  rubicmda  Swt.  Fl.  Brit.  2d  ser    t.  384.   has  brilliant  pink 
flowers.     Raised  from  seed,  1836. 

Succeeds  in  peat  soil,  kept  rather  moist,  and  protected  with  a  frame  or 
hand-glass,  or  with  snow,  during  very  severe  frosts. 

Genus  XIX. 


PHALEROCA'RPUSG.JDon.    The  Piialeeocarpus.    Lin,  Si^mL  Ocikti- 

dria  Monogynia. 

Identification.    Don't  Hill.,  3.  p.  341. 

Sffnonyrmrt.     Facc<nium  Lm. ;  Gaulthdrta  Furth  ;  Ox]rc4ccut  ^utt. ;  il'rbtttut  Lam, 

Daitatitm.    From  phaliroi,  white,  and  karpos,  a  Arult ;  In  reference  to  the  colour  of  the  berriei . 

Gen,  CJutr,  Calyx  4-cleft,  bibracteate  at  the  base.  Corolla  short,  campanulate, 
4-cle(t.  Stamens  8 ;  filaments  hairy  ?.  Hypogynous  disk  8-toothed.  An- 
thert  semibifid.  (Doti^s  Mill,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  small,  roundish-oval,  acute. 
Flowers  axillary,  solitary,  nearly  sessile,  white. — A  shrub,  creeping,  ever- 
green, of  diminutive  size,  with  hispid  branches  and  the  habit  of  wild  thyme. 

jL  1.  P.  JERPYLLiPO^Lius  G.  Dou.    The  Wild-Thyme-leaved  Phalerocarpus. 

p.  841. 
Synonymea.     raccinlura  hitpMulum  lAt^  Sp.  fiOa  ;  Gaulthdrta  «crp7lUf&Ha  Pursh  Sept.  I.  p.  283. 

lulu 


Idfntifieatkm.    Don't  Mill.,  3.  p.  841 . 
Sffnonymes.     raccinlura  hitplaulum  , 

t.  13.  ^  vl'rbutus  fihfttrmls  Lam.  Did,  1.  p.'288. :  Oxyc6cruji  hispidulua  Pars. 
Engravings.    Michs.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  1.  t.  S3. ;  Furtn  Sept.,  t.  13. ; 


and  our>^.  1094. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Berries  white,  produced  in  consider- 
able quantities,  aromatic,  not  very  acid,  and  rather 
insipid  than  agreeable.'  The  shrub  has  the  same 
aromatic  taste  and  smell  as  Gaulthena  procum- 
bens.  (Don's  Mill,)  A  creeping  evergreen  shrub. 
Canada  to  Pennsylvania ;  and  more  particularly 
where  cedars  and  other  evergreens  are  predomi- 
nant ;  and  growing  always  amidst  ^h^gnum. 
Height  6  in.  Introduced  in  1815.  Flowers  white ; 
April  and  May.    Berries  white. 

Genus  XX. 


1094.    P.  MrpjQlCblftti. 


.-J 


Lj 


CLETHRA  L,    The  Clethra.    Lm,  Sytt,  Dedindria  Monogynia. 

Identification.    Lin.  Gen.,  No.  U3. ;  Don't  BliU.,  3.  pi  841. 
^putnfme.    CueUdria  Ruiz  et  Pbt.  Syit.  106. 

Derivation.    From  Uelkrat  the  Greek  name  of  the  alder ;  alluding  to  a  tuppoaed  retemblance  in 
thelearet. 

Gen.  Char,  Calyx  5-parted.  Corolla  no  deeply  5-parted  as  to  appear  pen- 
tapetalous.  Stamens  10,  enclos€;,d,  or  nearly  sa  Anthers  behind,  at  length 
iniiexedly  pendulous  and  obverse,  cordate,  mucronate  at  the  apex,  mutic. 

p  p  3 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 


3>celled,  with  •  locuticid&l  dehbcence  ;  cells  [ii&ny-«eeded.  (Don't  Mill.) 

Leava  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous;  serretM.  Floum  in 
recemea,  tenninaJ,  solitary,  or  panicled,  bracceate,  with  white  corollw. — 
Shniba,  deciduouB ;  nativeg  of  North  America.  From  tbe  eppairBiice  of 
the  plants  in  British  gardens,  we  are  strongly  inclined  to  think  that  all  the 
sorts  may  be  reTerred  lo  one  speciea.    Peat  soil  kept  moist. 

A  1.  C.  ^lmpo'lia  L,     The  Alder-leaved 
Cletbra. 


? 


.  Amn-.  6«pt  1.  p.  Wl. 


Etgrntfitgt,  SchiDkll  Baiiip-,t.47. ;  and  our /f.  ID9S- 
^lec.  Char.,  i/c.  Leaves  cuneate-oborate,  acate, 
coarsely  serrated  above,  glabrous  on  both 
■urfaces,  and  of  the  same  colour.  Racemes 
spicate,  simple,  bracceate,  clothed  nich  hairy 
tomentum.  (lion'i  MiU.)  A  deciduous  shrub. 
New  England  to  Virginia,  in  swamps.  Height 
3l't.  to4ft.  Introduced  in  I73I.  Flower? 
white ;  July  and  September. 
Lam,    The  donny  Clethra. 


'£?"' 


c.  Chnr.,  <5*c.  Leaves  ciincate-obovaie,  acute,  finely 
serrated  at  lop,  clothed  with  white  , 
tomentum  beneath.  Racemes  spi-  ' 
cate,  simple,  bnctcBte,  villously  co- 
mentoae.  (Z>Dn'(  MUl.)  A  decidu- 
ous shrub.  Virginia  and  Carolina, 
in  swamps.  Height  STt.  to  4  ft. 
Introduced  In  1731.  Flowers  white ; 
^^  July  to  October.  ,,„_  r  u  uTmiiha 

M  3.  C,  (.(.)  panicula'ta   Ait.     The  panicled^/IoioBmf  Clethra. 
UemliftatkiB.    Alt.  Hon.  Rew.,  !.  p.R.  i  Don'i  Hill..  J.  n.  S41. ;  Purtb  Snt.,  I.  p.)M. 

"—fit-  lose,  tlom  ■  ipKlneD  In  UK  BrliUh  Mtattaa. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  narrow,  cuneate-lanceolatc,  acute, 
acuminately  serrated,  gUbrous  on  both  atufaces.  PuucU 
terminal,  elongated,  composed  of  racemes,  and  clothed  with 
white  tomentum.  (Don't  MiU.)  A  dedduoos  shrub.  C^ 
rolina.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  fi.  Introduced 
in  1770.    Flowers  white  i  July  to  October. 


UrtOMailiem.    Hkhi.  Fl.  Bor.,  Ampr.  I.  p.  3S0.  i  Dod'i 
Min.,  a.  p.  Ml. :  Fnnh  Bcpi..  I.p.soi, 

Si^^ntait.  Bot  Call.,  I.  J«aT. ;  mi  oaijlg.  Mm, 
Spec.  Char.,  4'.  Leaves  ova],  acuminated, 
bliintish  at  the  base,  serrated,  glabrous  on 
'inuiM.  boC'i  sur&CE^s,  rather  glaucous  beneath.  Ra- 
cemes spicate,  almost  solitary,  bracteate, 
clothed  with  white  lomentum.  Flowers  resembling  tlioBe 
of  C.  nlnilolia.    (Dou'i  MiU.)      A  large   shrub  or  lowm 


XLiii.  JS^RiCA^CEiE :  rhodode'ndron.  583 

tree.     Carolina,  on  high  mountains.     Height  10  ft.  to   15  ft.     Introduced 
in  1B06.     Flowers  white ;  July  to  October. 

^  5.  C,  (^.)  sca'bra  Pen.     The  tou^Ueaved  Clethra. 

HentiJIcation.    Pen.  Ench.,  1.  p.  482. :  Don't  Hill.,  3.  p.  842. ;  Pursh  SepC,  1.  p.  302. 
Ingravtng.    Our  Jig.  2093.  tn  p.  1107. 

Spec.  Char.,  j-c.  Leaves  broad,  cuneate-obovate,  acute,  scabrous  on  both  sur- 
faces, coarsely  serrated ;  serratures  hooked.  Racemes  spicate,  sub-panicled 
bracteated,  finely  tomentose.  (D<m*$  MUL)  A  deciduous  shrub.  Western 
parts  of  Georgia.  Height  3  ft.  to  KiU  lutroducMl  in  1806.  Flowers 
white  ;  July  to  October. 


Sect  11.      i^HoDO'BE^. 

The  iZhodorese  include  genera  of  some  of  the  most  singularly  ornamental 
evergreen  and  deciduous  peat-earth  shrubs  that  adorn  our  gardens  ;  for  what 
would  our  American  grounds  be  without  rhododendrons  and  azaleas  ?  The 
culture  of  all  the  species  is  nearly  the  same ;  they  all  require  peat-earth,  *  or, 
at  least,  thrive  best  in  it ;  and  some  of  them  will  not  live  without  it.  They 
may  all  be  propagated  by  cuttings  of  the  growing  shoots,  planted  in  fine  sand, 
and  covered  with  a  glass,  or  by  layers ;  but  the  best  plants  of  all  the  spe- 
cies are  procured  from  seed.  The  varieties  can,  of  course,  only  be  continued 
by  cuttings  or  layers ;  and  the  stools  for  these  require  to  be  planted  in  beds 
of  peat,  which  should  be  kept  tolerably  moist.  The  seeds,  if  ripened  in  thib 
country,  should  be  sown  soon  after  gathering ;  and  those  imported  from  Anie 
rica,  immediately  on  being  received :  because,  though  the  seeds  of  all  the  En- 
caoese  will  retain  the  vital  principle  for  several  years,  ^et  the  longer  they  are 
kept  out  of  the  soil,  the  less  likely  they  are  to  germmate,  and  the  greater 
will  be  the  risk  of  losing  some  of  them.  They  should  be  sown  in  pots  or 
boxes,  or  in  a  border  shaded  from  the  direct  influence  of  the  sun ;  and  kept  in 
a  uniform  state  of  moisture,  and  protected  from  the  frost.  In  sowing,  the 
surface  of  the  soil  should  previously  be  made  quite  smooth,  and  gently 
pressed  down,  or  watered  till  it  has  settled  to  a  level  surface;  and,  af^er  the 
seeds  have  been  equally  distributed  over  this  surface,  they  should  be  covered 
with  no  more  soil  than  is  barely  requisite  to  conceal  them  from  the  eye. 
Seeds  sown  in  autumn  will  germinate  in  the  following  spring,  and  be  fit  for 
transplanting  into  nursery  lines  or  pots  by  the  autumn,  or  by  the  spring  of  the 
following  year.  These  directions  will  apply  generally  to  all  the  species,  but 
are  more  particularly  applicable  to  those  which  are  perfectly  hardy.  In 
France,  some  of  the  species  have  been  increased  by  herbaceous  grafting. 

Genus  XXI. 


/JHODODE'NDRON  L.    The  Rhododendron,  or  Rose  Bay,   Lm.  Si/st. 

Fenta^Decdndria  Monogynia. 

IdetUifieatioH.    Lin.  Gea,  No.  548. ;  Don's  MIIL,  3.  p.  M3. 

SjpKMyma.    Azillea  ip.  of  authors ;  Ahod5ra  i^'t^i  Quuncrhododfodros  7V»«m.  Imt.  t.  873. ; 

Rbododendron,  Pr.,  Ital.^  and  Span. ;  Alpbalsam.  Ger. 
DerieaUon.    From  rhodon,  a  rose,  and  dendront  a  tree ;  in  reCBrence  to  Uie  terminal  bunches  of 

flovers,  which  are  usually  red,  or  rose-c(dour. 

Gen,  Char.  Calyx  5-parted.  Corolla  somewhat  funnel-shaped,  or  campanu- 
late,  rarely  rotate  or  5-parted  ;  limb  5clefl,  somewhat  bilabiate ;  upper  lip  the 
broadest,  and  usually  spotted.  Stamen*  5 — 10,  usually  exserted,  declinate. 
Anthers  opening  by  two  terminal  pores.     Capsule  5-celled,  5-valved,  rarely 

p  p  4 


584 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


10-oeIIed  and  10-vaIved  as  in  R.  arboreum,  with  a  septicidal  dehiscence  at 
the  apex.  Placentae  simple,  angular.  Seeds  compressed,  scobiform, 
winged.  (Don't  MM.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous,  or  evergreen;  (|uite 
entire,  terminated  by  a  sphacelate  apex,  or  yellow  gland.  Flowers  temnnal, 
cori'mbose,  showy.  —  Shrubs,  usually  evergreen  ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia, 
and  North  America. 

In  the  Azalea  division  of  this  genus  the  species  are  ahnost  entirely  decidu- 
ous, with  quite  entire  alternate  leaves,  terminated  by  a  withered  tip,  or  yellow 
gland ;  and  terminal,  corymbose,  showy  flowers.  All  the  species  thrive  best 
in  sandy  peat,  kept  rather  moist ;  and  they  are  propagated  chiefly  by  layer' 
and  seeds. 

$  i.  Ponticum  D.  Don. 

Sect.  Char.     Limb  of  calyx  short,  5-lobed.  Corolla  campanulate.  Stamens  10 
Ovarium  5-celled.  Leaves  coriaceous,  evergreen.  {DotCs  MUL^  iii.  p.  843.) 

a  1.  /?.  po'nticum  L,     The  Pontic  Rhododendron,  or  Rose  Bay, 

IdnUification.    Lin.  Sp.,  862. ;  Don*s  Mill.,  3.  p.  843. 

Engravings.    Pall.  FL  Rots.,  l^p.  43.  t  29. ;  Bot  Mag.,  t.  6M.  \  and  our  fig.  IICXX 

Spec.  Char.,  4*^*  Leaves  ohlong-lanceolate,  glabrouri  on 
both  surfaces,  attenuated  towards  the  thick  petioles, 
with  a  streak  on  the  upper  surface,  of  a  wide  lanceolate 
form.  Racemes  short,  corymbose.  Leaves  sometimes 
becoming  ferruginous  beneath.  Corolla  purple  or 
purplish  pink,  large ;  with  ovate,  acute,  or  lanceolate 
segments.  Calyx  minute,  5- toothed,  somewhat  carti- 
laginous. (Don*s  Mil/.)  An  evergreen  shrub ;  Pontus 
(now  Armenia),  in  Asia  Minor.  Height  ID  ft.  to 
12  ft.  Introduced  in  1-763.  Flowers  purple ;  May 
and  June.    Capsules  brown  ;  ripe  in  September.  itgo. 

Varieties. 

«lR.  ;>•  2  oblusum  Wats.  Dend.  Brit.  t.  162.,  Don's  Mill.,  has  the  leaves 

subcordate,  coriaceous,  obtuse,  and  the  calyx  very 
short,  and  unequally  and  undulately  crenated.    It 
grows  from  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  high,  and  has  purple  flow- 
ers.    Wild  in  Armeniiu 
m  II.  P'  3  myrHJolium  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  908.  (and  our 
fig,  1101.),  Don's  Mill,  has  the  leaves  small,  and 
the  flowers  purple.     It  is  a  native  of  (tibraltar. 
tt  R.   p.   4  Smithix  Swt.  Brit,    Pl.-Gard,  n.  s.  t  50., 
DonU  Mill.,  has  the  leaves  lanceolate,  and  clothed 
with   white   tomentum  beneath  ;    corymbs  many- 
flowered  ;    ovarium    to* 
mentose,  and    10-ceIled. 
The  flowers  are  of  a  rosy  purple,  ap- 
proaching to  crimson,  elegantly  spotted 
with  blacK.  A  hybrid,  raised  by  Mr.  Smith, 
at  Coombe  Wood,  from  the  seed  of  R. 
ponticum,  impregnated  by  the  pollen  of 
R,  arboreum. 
R.  p.  5  Lown  Gard.  Mag.  vol.  xi.p.  190. — 
Corolla  white ;  the  upper  segments  marked 
by  a  few  dull  scarlet  spots.     This  is  a 
most  striking  variety,  originated  by  M. 
Jacob  Makoy. 
■  R.  p.  6  azaleoides ;  R,  azaleoides  Desf, ; 
R.  p.  /3  subdeciduum  Andr.  Bot,  Rep.  t,  not.  «.  p. 


1 1 01 .  A.  p.  mjntlfillnm. 


XLiii.  £bica'ce£:  ahodode'ndroh.  583 

379.,  and  our  ^.  1108.;  w  a  hjrbrid  betweeo  R.  pdniicum  and 
some  apecie*  of  Azalea  wilh  fmgraiit  blossoniB.  It  was  originated 
al)out  18^,  and  is  a  favourite  in  collections. 

•  R,  p.  T/rngram  Chandle 

the  Vauxoall  Nursery. 
Xurteiy  f'tirif(i».     The  following  are  cultivated  by  Messrs.  Loddiges ; — 
A.  p.  tlhum,  R.  p.  cirnillKHi,         R.  p.  rroDd^nim.  R,  p.  oUQium. 

uwiiiifuinuiD.  crltpnm.  rncinUMim.  pygam'tka. 

titamtiit^^ijhim.  foh  tttinte\t.  taitnit^Utim.  nllcirMlum 

cuMwfAUinn.  fol.  mir^nUlj.  nLTtllcinn.  rJ^lcniD. 

The  Rhododendron  pdnttcum  is  the  commonest  species  of  the  geims  in 
Uririflh  gardens,  where  it  grows  to  the  height  of  from  S  f).  lo  l.'ifl.,  or  up- 
wards ;  forming  a  dense  bush,  wiiich  will  spread  over  a  Inr^e  space,  if  it  be 
allowed  abundance  of  room.  In  proper  soil,  if  kept  niuisi,  the  plant  will 
make  shoots,  when  young,  of  I  ft.  or  more  in  length  in  a  season,  attaining  the 
heieht  of  4  or  5  feet  in  5  or  6  years  :  but  afterwards  it  grows  niore  slowly  ; 
and,  when  a  large  bush,  seldom  makes  shoots  aliove  6  in.  in  length.  It  ap- 
pears to  be  of  considerable  duratriliCy.  In  cool,  loamy  or  candy,  and  some- 
»hat  moist  soils,  it  is  planted  in  woods  as  ornamental  undergrowth,  and 
succeeds  perfectly,  both  in  England  and  Scotland,  It  will  grow  tn  almost 
any  soil  ;  but,  in  England,  it  seems  to  thrive  best  in  sandy  peat,  or  deep 
suiidy  loam.  In  the  common  manured  earth  of  gardens  it  succeeds  worse 
than  in  unmanured  loams  of  a  close  texture,  even  strong  clays,  particularly 
if  the  latter  be  kept  moist.  The  want  of  tenacity  of  the  manured  garden  soil 
alluded  lo,  more  especially  in  a  dry  season,  seems  not  to  ulluw  it  to  cohere 
sufficiently  to  the  small  hair-like  roots  of  this  order  of  plants,  to  enable  their 
very  minute  spongioles  to  imbibe  nourishment  from  it. 

•  9.  R.  ua'xikcm  L.   The  largest  Rhododeudrou,  or  Ameriean  Rote  Bay, 

UnHflraUim.    Lin.  Sp  PI.,  p.  JC3,  i  Don't  Mill.,  %. 
p.  M3.  ;  loM.  Ca.ri.  1S3E. 

ISd™'^- iiM-  ■■    "    ""  '   ™-'''  ■' 

Spec.  Char.,  Sic  Arborescent.  Leaven 
eltiptic-oblong,  acute,  conveK,  bluntish 
at  the  base,  whitish  or  rusty  beneath, 
glabrous,  Calycine  s^ments  oral- 
obtuse.  Segments  of  corolla  roundish. 
Flowers  pale  red,  in  umbellate  co- 
rymbs, studded  with  green,  yellow,  or 
purple  protuberances.  (ZhmV  MUl.) 
An  evergreen  shrub.  Canada  to 
Carolina,  on  the  mountains,  near  rivu- 
iius.  K.  isunuiu.  '^*  *"'''  lokes,  upon  rocks  and  barren 

soils.      Height  10  ft.  to  la  ft.      Intro- 
duced in  I73G.    Flowers  pale  red,  and  yellowish ; 
June   to   August.       Capsules    brown ;    ripe    in 
September. 

•  R.  m.  8  iAuni  Hort. — Flowers  pure  white, 

and  is  comparatively  tare  in  British  gar- 

■  R.  Ri.  3  hybridvm  Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  3454. 
(and  oat  fig.  1104.)  R.  frigrans  Horl., 
R.  hf bridum  Lodd.  Cat,  —  Supposed  to 
he  a  hybrid  originated  by  lertilising  the 
common  white  glaucous-lenved  Aiiilen 
with  the  pollen  ci  R.  maxinium.      This  hh.  -  -  --r  ■ 


586  ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETUM  BtllTANNICUH. 

variety  has  fragrant  flovrera,  and,  according  to  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker,  it 
"  amply  worthy  of  a  place  in  every  garden  and  ■hnibbery." 
Retidily  known  Irom  R.  p6nticuin  and  R.  catawbi£nse  by  the  ruily  undtr 
Eurfuceof  the  leaves,  and  the  comparatively  pale  green  of  the  entire  plant.    Ii 
neither  gtows  nor  flowers  so  fteely  in  British  gardens  as  the  other  apedes. 

»t  3.  H.  (11.)  purpu'reum  G.  Dm.     The  purple-jloawrfti  Bhododendion, 
or  Anterican  Rote  Bay, 

Utyugkalio,,.    Dnn'l  Mill..  3.  p.  MS. 

Sruymcj.    K.  mtilinuu  y  puTTiiri>um  Part*  Fl.  Amtr.  Srpl.  I.  p.  3VT.t  Jt.  pfaUeuu  bh*- 

F.ttra-'iiv.    Our^.HBB.lnp.  lioe. 

Spec,  char.,  ffc.  Leaves  large,  oblong-elliptic,  flattish,  acute,  bluntish  U  the 
base,  green,  and  glabrous  on  both  surfaces.  Segments  of  corolla  oblong 
and  obtuse.  Calycine  segments  obtuse.  This  shrub  approaches  near  to 
R.  p6nticum  ;  but  it  differs  in  its  foliaceous  calj'i,  and  otherwise.  It 
erowB  to  an  immense  size}  it«  stem  being  often  found  IB  in.  and  more  in 
diameter  ;  and  its  fbliajte  triple  the  size  of  that  of  any  other  species.  (An't 
JUill.)  A  large  evergreen  Uirnb,  or  low  tree.  Virginia  and  Carolina,  on 
the  highest  mounmina,  near  lakes.  Height  25  ft. ;  in  England  seldom  uea 
otherwise  than  as  a  shrub.  Introduced?.  Flowerv  large,  purple;  Ua; 
and  June.     Rare  in  BritiNh  gardens. 

•  4.  R.  Pv'vsHir  G.  Don.  Pursh's  Rhododendron,  or  Americtm  Bdk  Aty. 

MmlCkalKnt.    Don'iMUL.S.  P.M3. 

ir^arim^.    duijlf.  I  lOIi.  tnnn  I  ipedDWD  la  Ur.  Uaiityi  hBrtwrium. 

Spec.  CItar.,  Spe.     AibofeMeot. 

flat,  glabrous 

dually  to  the  oaae,  paic 
beneath.  Calycine  seg- 
ments oval,  ob'tusei  Set- 
ment*  of  corolla  rouodish 
oblong.  Flowers  white,  *nd 
smaller  than  tbuse  of  R. 
mfiximnni.  {Dtm'i  Milt.)  An 
evergreen  shrub.  New  Jenev 
and  Delaware,  in  shady  cedsr 
swamps.  Height  6  ft  to  Sfi- 
Introduced  in  1811,  but  nol 
common  in  coileetiona.  Flo"- 

era  white  ;  June  to  August.     The  latest  of  all  the  rfaododendroos  in  British 

gardens.     UorticultursI  Society's  Gvden. 

a.  5.  R.  catawbib'nsb  JUkhz.     The 
Catawlm  Rhododendron, 

Utniyitatim.  Uluhi  Fl.Boi.  Aoiir..  l.|i.*H.| 

Dnu'i  MIIL.  3.  p.  R43. 
EBfrariKfi.    BM.  Vtg.,  I.  ISII.  i  Bot.  Clb..  (. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^e.  Leaves  sbort-ovtJ, 
rounded,  and  obtuse  at  botli  ends, 
glabrous,  of  a  dilfereni  colour  be- 
neath- Calvcine  s^ments  elongated 
oblonz.  Flowers  purple,  disposed 
in  umbellate  corymbs.  (Duh'i  Mill.)  ■ 
A  large  evergreen  ahrub.  Vii^nia  i 
and  Carolina,  particularly  near  the 
head  voters  of  the  Catawba  River. 
Hei^t4ft.     Introd.  in  1808   tmi  „(»  -  rn-ntf 


xLiii.  £RiCA*CEx:  ahodode'ndron.  587 

nowoneorthemmtcomnionBpecies.and  thehardieit,  ingnrdeiM.     Flowen 
rosy  like ;  June  to  August.     Cipaulc  brown ;  ripe  in  S^tember. 
Fanetia. 

n  R.f.  8  RundTihaam   Brit.  Ft^Gard.  Sd  ser.  t.  91.  — Leavea  oblong 
finely  tomentoie  beoeath,     Corymbii  maaj-Sowtred.    Flowera  of  a 
bright  rosy  red,  approaching  to  crimson.     A  hybrid  raised  froni  thu 
■eed  of  S.  catawbi^nse,  impregnated  by  the  pollen  of  if.  arboreiini, 
by  Mr.  Rugsell  of  Batterves.     A  very  splendid  variety,  but  some' 
what  lender, 
a.  R.  f .  3  ligriitum  HoTt, — A  variety  with  a  corolla  much  memblingth.it 
of  H,  c.  RuiMellianuni,  but  with  obvious  spots  on  the  inside. 
It  is  of  more  robust  growth  llian  either  H.  pdnticum  or  R,  miximum,  but, 
in  other  resperta,  seems  iDtermedlate  between  them.   There  are  many  hybrids 
in  culthatioD  between  it  and  the  ibnner  q>ecies,  though  without  names, 
a.  6.  R.  CHRVSi'NTaUH  L.    The  gfAdea-^flouxred  Rhododendron. 

UnUi/ltaHim.    Dn.  Snt.,  tm.,  Suppl..  U?.  ;  Doci'i  HQI.,  1.  p.  Ml. 
Sfmirmr.    R.  offidnilii  ialui.  p.  Hi.  t.  M. 
Eitgrimml.     S>Uib.Fir.  LoDd,  1.80.  ;  ind  Durj((.  HOT. 

^lec.  Char.,  f(c.  Leaves  acutish,  attenuated  at  the  base,  oblong,  glabrous, 
reticulately  veined,  and  of  a  rusty  colour  beneath.  Flower*  and  buds 
clothed  with  rusty  tomentum.  Pudicets  hairy.  Calyx  hardly  any.  Seg- 
menti  of  the  corolla  rounded.      Ovarium   tomentose.  ~ 

Branches  decuoiberi,  beaet  vrith  rusty  stipule-fbrHied 
scales.     Fiowers  handsouie,  large,  drooping,  revolute,  / 
rather  insular,  yellow.    Stigma  5-lobed.  ^Doit't  Mill.')  X 
A  low  evergreen  undershrub.     Siberia,  on  the  "hiRhest 
mouDlaina  ;  and  Caucasus  and  Kamtschatka.     Height 
6  in.  lo  1ft.      Introduced  in  1796,  but    not  comi 
in  collections,  being  very  difficult  to  keep.     Flowers 
yellow ;  June  and  July- 
Rhododendron. 


Etitmltt.    Bui.  Hug.,  (.  II4\  1  udourAi  HM. 

Spec.  Char.,  4«.  Leaves  ovate-oblong,  clothed  with 
rusty  tomentum  beiteath,  rugged  and  green'  above. 
Peduncles  hairy.  Bracteaa  dongsted,  tomentose. 
Ovarium  downy.  Root  creeping.  Branches  pro- 
cumbent. Flowers  purple  or  while,  disposed  in 
umbellate  corymbs.  Corollas  rotate,  with  wavy 
rounded  segments.  (^Don'i  Mill.)  A  compact  ever- 
green shrub.  Caucasus,  on  hi^  rocks,  near  the 
Emits  of  perpetual  snow.  Height  1  ft.  Introduced 
in    1S03.  but   rare    in  collections.      Flowers  whire  ( 

Varietiei.  The  following  hybrids  are  among  the  handsonKst  riiododendrons 
in  cultivation  :  — 

a.  R.  c.  2  itraminemn  Hook.  BoL  Mag.  t.  3122.  —  Corollas  straw-co- 
loured, A  plant  of  this  variety  in  the  Glasgow  Botanic  Garden,  in 
April.  1835,  was  8  ft.  high,  and  3  ft.  in  diameter,  with  the  extremities 
of  its  fine  leafy  branches  terminated  with  clusters  of  large,  beautiful, 
straw-coloured  flowers.  The  climate  of  Scotland  seems  to  suit  ihii, 
and  some  of  the  other  species  found  in  the  coldest  parts  of  the 
Russian  empire,  better  than  (hat  of  the  South  of  England. 

a,  R.  c.  3  pukhiniiiiiiM  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg.  1. 1820.  t  2.—  A  hybrid  oh- 


ARBORETUM    £T    FRUTICETUM    BKITANNICUH. 

tained  by  Mr.  Watercr  of  the  Knnphill  Nunery,  between  R.  orbd* 
reitni  and  It.  cauc&skum,  in  1633;  a  moiit  beautiful  variety,  quite 
harily,  and  an  abundant  Howerer. 
R.  c.  4  -VtiWriinum  Nxrl.  (Bot.  Reg.,  t.  1830.  f.  1.)  ii  a  hybrid,  very 
much  like  the  preceding  one  in  all  respects,  except  that  its  flowen 
are  of  a  deep  and  brilliant  rose  colour. 


a.  6,  A,  PUNCTA^uu  A»dr,     The  dotted-leaved  Rhododendron. 
__  Amir.  Bot  H^.,  I«.  1  Vmt  Cili,  t.  it. 

r.Bal  hep..  K. ;    Dflld. 


UilV,  s.™* 


Spre.  Char.,  ^c.     Leave:  ovaUlanceolate,  acute  at 
both   ends,  glabrous,  beset  with   nisty  re«inou> 
dots  beneath.      Pedicels  short.      Calvcine  teeth 
short.     Sesmenia  of  corolla  ovate,  a  little  undu- 
lated.     Flowers  pink, 
disposed  in  umbellate 
corymba.  Corollaf  fun- 
nel-shaped.    Capsules 
elongated.  (Dun't 

Mill.)  A  low  ever-  , 
green  shrub.  Carolina, 
on  mountains,  parti- 
cularly at  the  head 
waters  of  the  Savannah 
River.  Height  4  1\. 
Introd.  \'m.  Flowers 
{link;  July  and  August.  luo.  ^.r-mUB. 

L37.:  and  ourj^.  1110) — Leave* 

tt  9.  S.  fbrriigi'meuh  L.    The  roMyJemrd  Rhododendron. 

Unlt/lailiii*.    Lin.  Sp,  ma.  1  Don't  Mill..  3.  p.  M4. 

^•igriiritt'-    Bol.  U»b..  6Vi  indouryl*.  1111. 

S}Ke.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  oblong,  attenuated  at  both  ends,  glabrous,  shining 

and  green  above,  but  thick^  l>eset  with  nuty  dots  beneath.     Calycine  se-;- 

inents    dcntately   ciliated.       Leaves    like    . 

those  of  the  box  tree;  when  young,  cili-  f 

ated  with  a  few  hairs  at  bottom.     Flowers 

of  a  beautiful  rose  colour  or  scarlet,  dis- 
posed in  umbellate  corymbs,  marked  with 

aih-coloured   or    yellow   dots.      Corollas    ' 

funnel-shaped.    Filaments  hairy  at  bottom. 

(Dan'i  Mill.)      A  low  evergreen   shrub. 

Alps  of  Switzerland,  Austria,  Savoy,  Dau- 

phme,  and  Piedmont ;  where  this  species 

and  R.  Iiirsi'itum  terminate  ligneous  vege- 
tation, and  furnish    the   slieplierds  with 

their  only  fuel.    Height  1  Ii.     Introduced 

in  1758.     Flowers  rosenxiloured  or  scarlet ; 

-  Flowers  white. 
«.  10.  R.  (?F.)  MiRsuTtM  L.     The  hairy  Rhododendron. 

2^fnliflcaiwn.     t.ln.  Sp..  &6!. ;  Tiari't  Mill..  3.  p.  9M. 

iKtntmat.    Itiit.U>|,[.  ISU.1  Bot.  C>ii.,t.4n.i  mlourj^.  Hit 


XLllI.    £RICA^CE£:    SHOOODE'MDRON. 

Spee.  Char.,  tic.  Leavd  ovate- lanceolate,  or  elliptic, 
icutish,  ciliated  with  rust;  hair*  on  the  margiiu, 
glataroiiB  above,  dotted  and  haifv  beneath.  Caltcine 
Kgmenta  fringed,  bearded.  Floucrs  pale  r^  or 
Kulet,  duspoied  in  umbellate  coryinhs.  Corollas 
(unneUshapiEd.  {Don't  Mili.)  A  low  everereen 
shrub.     Alps  of  Switzerland,  Auitria,  St^ria,  D>u- 

f\iai,  &C.    Height  I  A.  to  2  ft.     Introduced  in  1G5G. 
lowen  pale  red  or  scarlet  j  May  to  July. 

■.  R.  (/.)  h.  9  earirgalum.  —  Leaves  edged  with 
ydlov.     PoBUbTy  only  a  variety  of  the  pre- 
ceding species. 
■.  II.  A.  HETo'suM  D.  Don.    The  bristly  Rhododendron. 

UiU^catlam.     D.  Dun  Id  Wcrn.  Sue  Trani..  1.  p.  tl». ;  DoD'l  Mill.,  S.  p.  W. 
Etptrmg.    Ourj^  lUS-rna  ■•padmn  In  ibe  bcrlHU'luin  of  Pnttuor  DiUudoUa. 
Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.     Brunchlets  beset  with  bristles.     Leaves  o 

bristly  on  the  itinrgins  and  under  surfaces.     Pedicels  beset  with  ghindular 

hairs.      Calycine   s^inents    rounded,   coloured, 

naked,  crenubited.    A  small,  sti^  much-lirBnched 

shrub.      Leaves    hiilf  an   inch    long.      I'lowcrs  , 

purple,  sile  of  those  of  R.  diiurirum,  disposed  in 

umbellate  corymbs.      Calyx  purple.     Filaments 

bearded  at   the  base.      Stigma  capitate.  {Don'i 

JUill.)     A  low  evergreen  shrub.     Kcpal,  in  Gos- 

sainthui.     Height  G  in.  to   I  ft.     Introduced  in  i 

\S25,  but  rare.     Flowers  purple  ;  May.  | 

K   R.  macrophyltum  D.  Don  (G.  Don',  Mill.,  ill.  ^ 
II.  IH3.)   is  a   native   of  the   north-west   coast   of 
Noitli   Atncrica,   where   it  was   collected   by    Mr. 
Mcnriei;    and  there  are  specimms  in   Mr.  Lam-  ms.  «.■»««. 

liert's  herbarium  ;  but  the  plant   has  not  yet  been 

introduced.      The  petioles  of  the  leaves  are  I  in.,  and  thdr  disks  from 
7  in,  to  6  in.  long;  and  the  flowers  are  smaller  than  those  of  if .  miximum,  and 

$  ii.  Booram, 

DertwrnOom.    TiKDuakorS.irbiRuiii  Id  N«p4]. 

Seel.  Ciai:,  Sfc.  Limb  of  calyx  5-lobed,  Corolla  campanulate.  Evergreen 
trees  or  shrubs,  natives  of  the  Himalayas,  and  other  mnunlBinous  regions 
of  Northern  India.     One  species  is  hardy  in  British  gardens. 

•  \i.  A. campanula'tuh  D.Don.    The  bell-ihape-^owrretf  Rhododendron. 


Xatnrnv-    t^edd.  Bot.  Cub.,  1. 1941. :  Swi.  Fl.-Gud.,  ad  ■.. 

Spec.  Char,,  Stc.  Leaves  elliptic-oblong,  mu- 
cronate,  rusty  beneath,  rather  cordate  at  the 
base,  tiegments  of  corolla  flat,  emarginate. 
Ovarium  6-celled,  glabrous.  Under  surfaces 
of  leaves  clutlied  with  fine  scaly  pubescence, 
at  first  of  a  purplish  hue,  then  changing  to  \ 
nearly  white,  and  afternards  to  a  deep  fer- 
ru^nous  brown.  Flowers  copious,  disposed 
in  corymbose  clusters.  Pedicels  glabrous.  ^ 
Bracieas  fringed.  Corollas  larce,  pale  pink, 
changing  to  white,  having  tile  upper  lip 
marked  vrith  iiregular  purple  ipots.  Fila- 
ments bearded  at  the  base.  This  species 
surpasses    all    others    in    the   site   of   its 


590 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


flowers,  except  one  found  in  Java  by  Dr.  Horsfield.  (Don't  AM.)  A 
glabrous  evergreen  shrub.  Nepal,  on  Gossainthan.  Height  3  ft.  to  6  ft. 
Introduced  in  1825.     Flowers  pale  pink,  changing  to  white  ;  April. 

A  beautiful  ami  very  distinct  species,  and  quite  as  hardy  in  British  gardens 
as  any  of  the  American  kinds. 

"Rkododendnm  arbdreum  Smith. — Several  hybrids  between  this  species  and 
R,  p6nticum  and  R.  catawbiense  have  been  raised,  but  those  only  between 
the  American  and  the  more  northerly  European  species  have  been  found 
tolerably  hardy. 

R.  a,  ven&Mtum  D.  Don  (Brit  Fl.-Gard.  May,  1835,  2d  ser.  t.  285.)  is  a 
hybrid,  and  an  exceedingly  showy  and  interesting  plant.  It.  was  raised  by 
Mr.  Wm.  Smith,  nurseryman,  Norbiton  Common,  near  Kingston,  Surrey, 
from  seeds  of  R.  caucasicum  that  had  been  fertilised  by  the  pollen  of  ^* 
arboreum  ;  and  appears  sufficiently  hardy  to  survive  our  winters  with  a  litde 
protection. 

$  iii.   Pogoninthum. 

Derivation.    From  pogon,  a  beard,  and  anthos^  a  flower ;  throat  woolly  Inside. 

Sect,  Char,  Limb  of  calyx  short,  5-lobed.  Corolla  salver-shaped,  with  acv- 
lindrical  tube,  and  a  spreading  limb.  Stamens  5,  enclosed.  Ovarium  5-celled. 
Evergreen  shrubs.     Leaves  coriaceous. 

B.  13.  R.  ANTHOPO^ooN  D,  Don,   The  bearded-flowered 

Rhododendron. 

Tdentffteatian,   D.  Don  Id  Mba.  Wem.  Soc^  S.  p.  409. ;  Don't  Mill.,  a.  p.  8M. 

Synantftuf.    R.  aromitlcum  fVatl.  Cat. 

Bngravingt.    Royle  Illust.,  t  64.  f.  2. ;  and  oar^.  1 1  IS. 

Spec,  Char,,  Spc,  Branchlets  downy.  Leaves  oval,  rusty 
beneath  from  lepidoted  tomentum.  Corollas  with  a  woolly 
throat.  Shrub  much  branched.  Leaves  ending  in  a 
reflexed  macro,  naked  above.  Flowers  glomerate,  sulphur- 
coloured.  Pedicels  short,  lepidoted,  and  resinous.  Caly- 
cine  segments  rounded  at  the  apex,  with  villous  margins. 
Segments  of  corolla  roundish,  with  undulated  curled 
margins.  Filaments  glabrous.  Stigma  clavate.  (Don^sMUl,) 
An  upright  evergreen  shrub,  with  the  habit  of  R.  diiuricum. 
Nepal,  on  Gossainthan.  Height  1ft.  to  Uft.  Intro- 
duced in   1820.    Flowers  yellow  ;  April  and  May. 

A  very  interesting  species,  from  the  colour  of  its  flowers 
and'  their  early  appearance.  Plants  have  survived  the 
winter  of  1837-8  in  the  Hackney  Arboretum.  1115.  e. 


§  iv,  Lepiphetiim  D.  Don. 

Derivation,    From  Upit^  a  scale,  and  phero,  to  bear ;  learet  covered  with  small  scales. 

Sect,  Char,  Limb  of  calyx  dilated,  5-lobed.  Corolla  campanulate  or  rotate. 
Stamens  10.  Ovarium  5-celled.  Leaves  membranous;  sometimes  deciduouN 
but  generally  persistent.  Shrubs,  evergreen  or  deciduous  ;  natives  of  Eu- 
rope, North  America,  and  the  Himalayas. 

U  14.  R,  LAPPO^NicuM   Wahl.     The  Lapland  Rhododendron. 

Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  846. 

t.  214. ;  A.  fenruglnaa  Hart 


Identification,  Wahl.  Fl.  Suae.,  p.  349. ;  Don's  Mill.,  2 
Synonffmes.  Asilea  lapp6nica  Lin.  Fl.  Suec.  p.  64.,  S^. 
EngravingB.    Bot.  Hag*,  t  S1Q6.  {  and  our^.  1116. 


^ec.  Char,,  ^c.  Shrub  branched,  procumbent.  Branches  divaricate.  Co- 
rollas rotately  funnel-shaped.  Young  branches  obscurely  pubescent,  warted. 
Leaves  oblong,  obtuse,  stiff*,  beset  with  honeycomb-like  dots,  yellowisfa  and 
scaly  beneath  ;  deep  green  above ;  and  pale  green,  and  at  length  yellowish, 
beneath ;  thickly  beset  with  hollow  dots  on  both  surfaces,  which  are  covered 


1 


xLiii,  £B1Caceie:  rhododendron, 

by  unibllicnte  permanent  icilei.  Flowers  cHmson, 
duposed  ID  umbellate  corymba,  5—6  together,  sur- 
rounded by  large  dolled  scales,  or  bracteai.  Calyx 
covered  with  yellow  Ecalea,  ciliated.  Segments  of 
corolla  unequal,  and  undulated.  Stamens  5 — S,  equa^ 
in  leniitb  to  the  corolla,  Sti^u  capitate,  5^obed. 
Filan^nts  hairy  at  the  base.  (Drm'i  Miil.)  A  procum- 
bent evergreen  sbrub.  Europe,  Asia,  ant)  North  America, 
in  the  Arctic  re^ons.  Height  6  in.  to  I  (t.  Introduced  in 
ieS5.  Flowers  crimson  ;  May. 
«    15.   Ji.  dau'ricl-h  £.    The  DHhurian  Rhododendron. 

UnuifcaOtn.    Lin.  Bp.,  Ml.  i  Doo'l  Mill..  3.  I.  Hi. 

Fmrraringr.     TmH.  KI.  Rdii.,  1.  p,  47-  L  SX.  ^  But.  Uafl.,  L  SM.  i    uldDur 

Spec.  Chir.,  ^c.     Leaves  deciduous ;  oblong,  attenuated  at  both  ends,  glabrous, 
but  sprinkled  with  nisty  scales,  especially  beneath.  Limb  of  calyx  5-toothed. 
Corollas   rotaie.      Roots   knobbed,   abounding  in  fibres.     Steins    twisted 
and  knobbed  in  the  wild  state.     Petioles  downy.     Leaves  dotted  on  both 
■urTaces.  but  fL-rru^inous  beneath.     Before  they  rail  in  autumn,  they  becomi: 
of  a  dusky  reil  colour.     The  flowers  rise  before  the  leaves, 
from  the  tops  of  the  branches,  from  buds  which  are  com- 
posed of  concave  downy  scales.  [Drn^t  2tfUl.')   A  deciduous 
shnib.     Siberia,  peculiar  to  tbe  alpine   tracts  of  Eastern 
Asia      Height  Stt.  to  6lL    Introduced   m  1780.     Flowers 
purple ;  December  to  March. 


«.) — Sub-evergreen.     Leaves  deep  green,  uid 
shining  above;  peinstent.    Siberia. 
Very  desirable  low  shrubs,  from  their  flowerii^  so  earl;  in 
the  season ;   but,  to  thrive,  tbey  require  peat  aoiL  m,,  jtabrtam. 

R.  irpidHum  Wall.  (Koyle  Tlust.,  p.  260.  t.  64.  f.  1.  ;  Don's  Mill..  3.  p.  8*5.) 
ia  a  native  of  Nepal,  with  tbe  habit  of  R.  dailricum,  but  with  leaves  of  a 
thinner  texture;  and  with  ever;  part  of  the  plant  beset  with  ferruginous 
scale-like  dots.     It  grows  to  the  height  of  3  or  3  feet,  but  has  not  yet  been 


$  V.  CkanuEcistus  D.  Don. 


Seel.  Char,     Limb  of  calyx  fbliaceous,  &4^1efl.     Corolla  rotaie.     Stamens  10 
Ovarium  d-celled.     Dinunuiive,  prostrate,  evergreen 
shrubs,  with  small  membranous  leaves. 


Fill.  f\.  It 


a^HM-: 


Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Leaves  oboviiic,  acutish,  5-nerved, 
naked,  ciliated  ;  peduncles  hatrv,  usually  twin.  Cal)- 
cine  segments  ciliated,  foliacenui.  Corollas  purple, 
rotate.  (Don't  Mili.)  A  prostrate  evergreen  shrub. 
Kaiotschatka  and  tbe  Aleutian  Islands,  in  muddy 
ptaccB  on  the  mountains.  Height  6  in.  to  1  fL  In- 
troduced in  1602,  but  rare  in  British  gardens,  flow- 
en  purple;  July. 


592 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


t.  17.  i?.  Chamjsci'stus  L.    The  Ground-Cistus  Rhododeodron. 

Uenlifieaiion,    Lin.  Sp.,  562. ;  Don't  MilL,  3.  p.  8H. 

Engraving*.    Bot.  Mag.,  t  488.  \  Bot.  Cabb,  t.  1491. ;  and  ourj^.  1119. 

Spec,  Char,,  Sfc,  Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  attenuated  at  both  ends,  stiffiih,  glan- 
dularly  ciliated.  Peduncles  usually 
twin,  and,  as  well  as  the  calyxes, 
'beset  with  glandular  hairs.  Corollas 
rotate,  pale  purple.  {DorCt  Mill,) 
A  dwart  tufted  evergreen  shrub,  with 
small  leaves,  about  the  size  of  those 
of  a  species  of  Heli&ntheDium.  Alps 
of  Austria,  Camiola,  Mount  Baldo, 
and  near  Salzburg ;  and  in  Eastern 
Siberia.  Height  6  in.  Introd.  1786. 
Flowers  purple ;  May  and  June.  mg.  a.  ownuMittia. 

§  vi.   Pentanthera  D.  Don. 

Sffmmyme.    Aiilea  L. 

Derivation.     From  penUt  five,  and  antkerot  an  anther ;  flowen  pentandrout. 

Sect,  Char.  Limb  of  calyx  short,  5-lobed.  Corolla  funnel-shaped.  Sts- 
mens  5.  Ovarium  5-celied.  Leaves  deciduous.  This  group  includes  the 
hardy  azaleas  of  the  gardens,  which  have  mostly  deciduous  leaves,  and  are 
Quite  distinct  in  their  appearance  from  the  plants  of  the  preceding  groups  of 
ttiis  genus,  which  are  all  evergreen  and  sub-evergreen.  After  Mr.  Don^a  name, 
we  have  given  the  name  previously  applied,  and  then  the  common  English 
name,  leaving  them  to  be  adopted  by  the  practical  gardener,  if  he  should 
think  fit.  At  the  same  time,  those  who  prefer  following  Mr.  Don  have  onh 
to  pass  over  the  names  which  we  have  put  in  parenthesis. 

A  18.  R,  flaVum  G.  Don,    (Aza'lba  po'ntioa  L.)    The  Pontic,  or  common. 

Azalea. 

tdfnUfleation.    Don's  Mill.,  8.  p.  847. 

Sjntonymes.    AzAlea  p6nUca  Lfn,  Sp.  1G69l  :  As&lea  arbbrea  Lm.  &i.  «d.  I.  p.  IJM. 

EngravingB.    Bot.  Ma(.,  t.  2J88. ;  and  aurjtg.  11 2a 

Sj}ec.  Char,,  ^c.  Flowers  leafy,  clammy.  Leaves 
ovate  oblong,  pilose,  ciliated.  Corolla  funnel- 
shaped.  Stamens  very  long.  (DoiCt  Mill,)  A 
deciduous  shrub.  Levant,  Pontus,  Caucasus, 
Asiatic  Turkey,  &c.  Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft. 
Introduced  in  1793.  Flowers  yellow ;  May 
and  June. 

Varieties  and  Hybridt,  There  are  a  great  number 
of  varieties  of  thb  species  in  the  gardens,  dif- 
fering principally  in  the  colour  of  their  flowers, 
and  the  hue  of  the  leaves.  The  flowers  of  the 
species  are  of  a  fine  brisht  yellow  ;  but  those 
of  the  varieties  are  of  all  shades,  from  yellow 
to  copper,  or  orange  colour ;  and  they  are  some- 
times of  a  pure  white,  or  of  white  striped  with  yellow  and  red.  Besides, 
as  this  species  seeds  freely,  and  is  easilv  cross-fecundated  with  the  North 
American  species,  an  immense  number  of  varieties  of  it  have  been  origin- 
ated in  Bntish  and  Continental  gardens.  The  varieties  and  hybrids  which 
are  considered  as  belonging  to  Azalea  p6ntica,  which  are  given  in  Loddiges's 
Catalogue  for  1836,  are  the  following,  but  new  kinds  are  originated  every 
year,  and  we  therefore  refer  to  the  yearly  catalogues  of  nurserymen. 


ll«a    tt  Hknm. 


A.  p.  9  illML 

3  aurintla. 


4nrockta. 
5ciipreiL 


6flimmea. 
7nUgent. 


lltrtcolv. 

19.  R,  NUDiFLO^UM  7\>fr.  (Aza'lba  NVDiFLo'sA  L.)  The  naked-flowered  Azalea. 


8^a6ca. 


10  ochroleikca. 

11  pilUda. 


IdentifieaHon.    Torr.  Fl.  Un.  St,  1.  p.  140. ;  Don*t  Mill.,  8.  p.  847. 


XLIIt.    £i)ICACE£:    RHODODENDRON.  5&iJ 

feMwnwi.     AitlH  nudlUim  LAi.  Sa.  114.;  AiVia  feridTmmiStitt  ilirMi.  Fl.  Bar.  Amer,  t. 

V.\li.;  IlM  Anuirlun  Hooer'utkla  i»bj  nawan,uiiri>lld,  or  upright,  Hoiie;iuEUB,  JMrr. 
tiirnnmt,    OatJIf,  I  til.  fiom  ■  lliing  ipMlmcn. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  lanceolate-oblong,  nearly  smooth,  and  green  on  both 

suHaces,  ciliated  on  the  margina,  having  the  midrib  bristly  beneati.,  and 

woolly  above.    Flowers  rather  naked,  not  clammy, 

Ecarlet,  pink,  white,  atriped,  variegated,  red,  purple, 

4c..  disposed  in   terminal  clustered   racemes,  ap- 
pearing before  the  leaves.     Tube  of  corolla  longer 

than  the  divisions.     Teelh  of  calvx  short,  rather 

rounded.     Stamens  much  eiserted.   (Don'i  Mi/i.) 

A  deciduous  shrub.      Canada  to  Georgia,  on  the 

sides  of  hills.      Height  3  1^.  to  4  (t.      Introduced 

in  1734.      Flowers  of  various  colours  ;   April   to 

June.    Capsule  brown. 

It  is  the  parent  of  Duraerous  varieties,  and,  in  con- 
lunction  with  the  preceding  species,  of  many  beautiful 

Tijnrtia  and  SecdUngt. 

A  R.  n.  1  caccirunau  D.  Don.  Azftle«  n.  coccfnea  Sm$  Bel.  Mag.  I 
ISO. —  Flowers  scarlet,  and  the  leaves  lanceolate.  It  ia  a  native 
of  Georgia,  near  Savannah. 

A  R.  n.  S  TUliiam  D.  Don.     A.  n.  riitilans 
Ail.  Hori,  Kem.  p.  319. ;  A.  periclyme- 
nbldea  rOtilans  PuT$h.  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.  i, 
p.  158.,  and  our jfe.  1122.  — The  flowers 
are  deep  red.     Cajyues  minute. 
«  R.  n.  3  cimeum  D.  Don.    A.  n.  c&mea  Ail. 
I.  c,  Bol.    Reg.  U  180. ;    A.  p.   cArnea 
Purih  I.  c.  —  Tde  corollas  ore  pale  red, 
having  the  tube  red  at  the  base,  and  the 
calyx  foliaceous. 
•  R.  R.  4  aibwn  D.  Don.     A.  n.  k\ba  Ait.  j. 
c;  A.p.filba  Pun*.— The  flowers  white, 
and  the  calyx  middle-sized. 
A  R.  n.  5  papiHanaceum  D.  Don.      A.  p.  pa- 
pUionacea  Parth. — Flowers  reddish,  with 
the  lower  segment  white,  and  the  calyx 
foliaceous. 
'  R'  n.  6  partitum  D.  Don.    A.  p.  partita 
PKnA.  —  ^ile  flowers  are   pale  red,  5- 
parted,  even  to  the  baae. 
iML  <.>.rttiiML  ■  R,  n.  7  pofydndrum  D.  Don.     A.  p.  poly- 

indra  Punh  1.  c.  —  Flowers  of 
a  rose  coloiu',  short.     Stamens 
10—20.    It  is  found  near  Phi- 
ladelphia. 
Varieliet  and   Hybridt  chiefly  raised  at  * 
High  Clere. 
■  R.    n.   8   Goeemkmtm    D.    Don 
(BHt.  F.-Gard.,  iii.  t. 263. i  and 
ootfg.  1123.)— The  branches 
tomcntoscly   downy.       Leaves 
evergreen  or  deciduous,  oblong, 
acute,  downy  while  young,  but 
glabrous  in  the  adult  state,  and 
recurved  at  the  apex.    Tube  of 

corolla   a    little    Sorter   than  nu.  i.>.esmtaH. 

Q  4 


ARBORETUM    ET  FBUTICETUM    BRITASNICUM. 

the  legments.  Flovera  delioM  li^ht  purple,  diaposed  in  Ipr- 
minal  rticemoae  corymbii.  It  ia  a  hybnJ  niiaed  from  tbe  seed  of  A. 
nudiftora  impr^naied  bjr  the  pollen  of  a  hjbrid  raised  between  H. 
pdnticum  and  R.  CHtawbiense. 

R.  n.  9niirum  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab,  t.  51.  — Flowers  red. 

R.n.  lOeiimiBniD.  Don.  — Raised,  in  1829,  from  »eeds  of  fl.  nuifi- 
fldriiD]  cocciueuiii  miijus,  to  whicb  pollen  of  rhododendron  arboreum 
had  been  applii^d.  It  resembles  its  female  parent,  having  very  little 
affinity  with  K.  arboreum,  except  in  its  evergreen  leaves  and  decan- 
drous flowers. 

R.  n.  11   Ikyrtitldnini  Bot.  Reg.  I367„  and  our  j^.  1  Ui.— Railed  st 
High  Clere  m  1835  or  before. 
L   R.  n.  13  icmtll/ani  Bot.   Reg.   1461.,  and  our  Jig.  1123.— Raked  at 
High  Clere  in  1835  or  before. 

R.  II.  13  Srymouii  Bot.  Reg.  1975.,  and  our  j^.  1126.— Railed  u 
High  Clere  in  1835  or  before. 


VarUtiet  and  HybritU  assigned  to  A.nudill6rainLoddiges's(7a<afcgiierorl836 
"^  the  following  :■ 

iLMpUllda. 


The  ttro^oloured- 


.     Tww  EliKI,  48.  i 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leares  oblong,  clothed  on  both  sur- 
isces  with  fine  hoary  pubescence,  not  bristly  on  tbe 
nerre.  Flowers  small,  not  clammy,  naked,  smaller 
and  more  slender  than  those  of  most  of  the  other 
species.  Tube  of  corolla  hardly  longer  than  the 
segments.       Calyxes   very    short ;    having    one    of        iin. 


XLIII.   EltlCA^CEM  :   ahodohe'ndrok.  S95 

the  E^menls  linear,  and  4  limes  longer  than  the  reit.  Fllunents  ex- 
noted.  Branchleis  hispid.  (Don't  Mill.)  A  deciduous  ahrub.  Carolina 
and  Georttin.  on  barren  ranily  hills.  Height  3ft.  to  *ft.  Introduced  in 
1734.     Flowers  red  and  white  ;  May. 


Spec.  Char.,  if-c.  Leaves  oblong,  pubescent  on  both  sur- 
faces, but  afterwards  hairy.  Flowers  large,  not 
clammy,  rather  naked.  Teeth  of  calyx  oblong.  Tube 
of  corolla  hairy,  shorter  tlian  the  s^nients.  (ZIonV 
Miil.')  A  deciduous  shrub.  North  America,  from 
Pennsylvania  to  Carolina.  Height  3  ft.  lo  6  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1806.  Flowers  yellow,  red,  orange- 
coloured,  or  copper-coloured  ;  May  and  June.  iia.  j.  (ii.uu,rfui,-„„. 

•  'R.C.2  MorleniSuil.Ft.-Gard.'iAi.  10.— A  hybrid  between  A.  caleu- 

dulaceum  and  one  of  the  red  varieties  of  R. 
nudiflorum,  of  which  there  are  two  subvaricties; 
one  with  a  flesb-cotoured  corolla,  having  the 
upper  segment  orange-coloured,  edged  vith 
flesh-colour,  called  R.  Mortcrii  camcum;  and 
another,  called  R.  Morteni  var.  prc'stans,  with 
pale  copiier-coloured  flowers,  tinged  with  blush, 

•  R.  c.  3/i/gidL7a  Hook.    A.  c. fclgida  /fort.— 

Corollas  of  an  orange-red  colour,  with  bright 
green  leaves,  which  spread  out  beneath  the 
CI  rymtia  of  flowers,  and  form  a  rich  back- 
ground to  them. 

•  R.   c.  4  /cpiduM  Bot,   Reg.    t.   1408,,  and  our 

fg.  II3U.  — Raised  at  High  Clere.  „jo.  jcc.hiMud. 

»  22.  R.  c*ne'sces3  G.Don.  (A.o.iiWgir..«ibir.)  Tbe  canescent  Azalea. 

IJnUificaliiM.    Doil'lMm„3.  p.«l», 

S^«.,iiynra.    Aiil«icKi*i_cenit/».  n.  flw.  I.p.  isn.,  W.S(7i(.  I.  p.  IM.  i  A.  TiKtiwpuWKeni  Loi(. 

A/wr.  Char.,  f(c.  l^eaves  obovate-oblong,  ilowny  above,  and  tomentose  be- 
neath, not  bristly  on  the  middle  nerve.  Flowers  not  clammy,  nearly  naked. 
Tube  of  coroUii  hardly  shorter  than  (he  segments.  Teeth  of  calyx  very 
!>bort,  rounded,  obtuse.  Stamens  hardly  exserted.  (Don'*  MUi.)  A  deci- 
duous shrub.  Lower  Carolina,  on  the  banks  of  rivers.  Height  3  1^.  to  4  ft. 
Introduced  in  IHli.     Flowers  rose-coloured  ;  May  and  June. 

■  S3.  A.  visco'svu7bn-.<A.n>co'ii£.)    The  elammy- 

fiomered  Azalea. 
lintificioiim.    Torr,  Fl.  Un.  St..p.  «ll.  i  Don'.  Mill.,  s,  p.MT. 
Si^CI^.    o'ur^"l"31- 

^jec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  oblong-obovate,  acute,  smooth 
and  green  on  botli  Kurfaces,  ciliated  on  the  n!i.rgins, 
having  the  miilrib  bristly.  Flowers  produced  in 
terminal  clusters;  and  clammy,  leafy,  and  hairy. 
Tube  of  corolla  as  long  as  the  swpnents.  Teeth  of 
the  calyx  short,  rounded.  Stamens  hardly  longei 
tbun  the  corolla,  (i^on'i  Mill.)    A  deciduous  shrub.  ,„^  ^  „  _^ 

a  Q  8  '  """^ 


596 


ARBORETUM   ET  FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


Canada  to  Georgia,  in  swamps  and  shady  woods.  Height 
2  ft.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  in  1734.  Flowers  white,  sweet- 
scented  ;  July  and  August. 

Varieties  and  Hybridt. 

di  R.  t).  2  omutum  Swt.  Fl.-Gard.  2d  s.  t.  137.  (and 
our^.  1132.) — A  hybrid  raised  from  the  seed  of 
R,  viscosum  /3  rubescens,  fertilised  by  the  pollen 
of  jRhododendron  p6nticum.  It  is  everereen  or 
sub-evergreen,  as  are  all  the  hybrids  of  similar 
parentage.  iist.  jlt. 

The  Varieties  and  Hybrids  of  A.  viscosa,  in  Loddiges's  Catalogue  for  1836, 
are  as  follows :  — 


A.  T.  2  filba. 

3  crlspa. 

4  dealUta. 


A.  Varieties. 

b  penldllita. 

6  praB*cox. 

7  pubdaceni. 


8  Taiiegita. 

9  Tittftta. 

10  FlolK  odbre. 


B.  Hybrida  altaclerenses.      Hybrids  raised  at 
High  Clere  in  1830  or  before. 


11  amce^a. 
\1  actlnAta. 

13  Aur5r<e. 

14  baslHssa. 
lAcalod^ndron. 

16  caloc6ryphe. 

17  Cart6ntVi.  {fig.  1133.) 

18  chariessa. 

19  coccinea  n6bUla. 

20  euds'^on. 

21  ejiprepei. 

22  Govdnio. 

23  Herbertidna. 


24  linperitrlx. 

25  Inclyta. 
26Ja«minod5ra. 

27  l^Dida. 

28  ocnroleilca. 

29  potkila. 

80  p6ntica  Howard. 

hexapla. 

81  palch^lla. 
32  regilif 

83  iHgeni. 

84  thyrsifldra. 


IISS.   A.T. 


C.  HybridcB  belgic€B»     Hybrids  raised  in  Belgium  in  1829  or  before. 


33  Agate. 

36  &lbo  pldno. 

87  amabilis. 

38  ainar&ntina. 

39  amomUsima. 

40  &)-dens. 

41  dtro-riibens. 

42  aur&ntia  ro&xlma. 

43  blandtna. 

44  calendulicea  globdia. 

fnstgnit. 

iidva. 

supirba. 
46  cardon. 
46  coccinea  mAxima 

speci6sa. 
47conclnn?u 

48  oordficans. 

49  cr6cea. 

glob6sa. 

50  cru^nta. 

51  cCtprea. 

&lba. 

61egani. 

eximla. 

globdia. 

rQbra. 

ipldndefus. 

52  decordta. 

53  ddcus  hortdrum. 

54  dulcddo. 

55  electa. 


eI6cta  mCxima. 
rdbra. 

56  elegantUsima. 

57  exquislta. 

58  Ferr6ck^f. 

59  flamboyante. 

60  ffilgida. 

61  fdlva. 

62  gldria  mikndL 

mftxlma. 
minor. 

63  Gulifilmiu  prtmui. 

64  h^rida  cocclfera. 

coccinea. 
nWea. 

65  incarnilta  m&xima. 

riibra. 

66  l^ida. 

67  ICltea  rubictinda. 
66  magniflca. 

69  maritima  incarnAta. 

70  miniita. 

71  mir&btlU. 

72  mixta  cri(&mphani. 

73  m6nlca. 

74  MortdnY. 

75  nh  pldi  dltra. 

76  n6bllii. 

77  n6rltai  antilKioem. 

78  noiit^ta. 

79  6ptima. 

80  ornata  p&llida. 


81  pictui^ta. 

82  pdnlica  globdia. 

Konink. 
tricolor  Tar. 

83  praitantiutana. 

84  pulcbtila. 
85punicoa. 

86  recqul. 

87  reglna  b^lglca. 

88  restaniltslma. 

89  rfgida  Incamkta. 

90  robi'iita. 

91  ri^bra  aurfcntia. 

miva. 

92  rubricita. 

93  tanguinea. 

94  Satdmi. 

95  sevdric 

96  spedbsa. 

97  specioilsstma. 

98  spldndens. 

99  spl6ndida. 

100  sulphQrea. 

101  luiwrba. 

102  tricolor  Jac5br. 

WolfE 

103  tridmphana. 
I04Tar{e^ta. 

105  Tcnusta. 

106  renustlMfma. 

107  versicolor. 


A  24.  R-  (v.)  OLAu'cuM  G,  Don,  (A.  (v.)  glav'ca  Purdk.)  The  glaucous- 

ieaved  Azalesu 

tdeniifleaHon.    Don*i  MUl.,  3.  p.  848. 

Synonymet.    AiUca  glatSca  Pwrih  Sept.  1 .  p.  154. ;  Aiilea  viscdsa  Tar.  florib(Lnda  AU.  Berk  a<v. 

1.  p.  319. 
Kngravtnt^s.    Dcnd.  Brit,  t.  5. ;  and  our  fifi.  1 134. 


3U.I1I.  £RICA'CE«:  shodode'ndron  .  597 

Spec.  Ciar.,  Ifc,     Branchleti  bbpid.      Leaves  oblanceolate, 

acute,  glabroiu  on  both  surlaces,  slaucous  beneath,  cili- 
ated on  the  marpins,  having  the  niiilrib  bristly.     Flowers 

\erj  clammy,  leajj-.     Tube  of  corolla  twice  longer  than 

the  segments.    Calyx  very  short.    Filament!  about  equal 

in  length  tu  the  si^ments  of  the  corolla.  (Don'i  SOU.) 

A   deciduous    shrub.      New   England    to    Virginia,   in 

■wBDips  in  cinyey  soil.    Height  !&,    Introduced  in  ITM, 

Flowers  white  ;  June  and  July, 

This   idirub   is  dwnrier  than   any  of  the   other  North   iim.  ■.(■.i^ucob. 
American  species  of  Aulea ;  and  it  produces  iu  frsgrant 
white  flower*  in  great  abundance,     Nuttall  considers  it  as  only  a  variety  of 
H.  viacosum,  diflering  in  nothing  but  In  the  under  surbce  of  the  learea  bejng 

•  S5.  B.  (v.)  Hi'spiDUM  Torr.  (A.  (t.)  Hi'inni  Fan*.)   The  hispid  Aialea. 

r.  Fl.  Un.  SI.,  p.  IW.  {  Don'!  Mill.,  3.  p.  M7. 

1  hlipldi  I'lirif  Snx.  I.  p.  IM.  i  AOIsi  tLhAu  tu.  tUda  All.  Hm.  Xan.  I. 

liDdourjfc-llM- 

^rc.  Chat!.,  S'C.   Branches  ntraight,  very  hispid.   Leaves   , 
long-lanceolacr,   hispid   above,  and  smooth   beneath,  i 
glaucous  on   both  aurfacea,  ciliated  on  the  mai^ins,   ■ 
having  the  nerves  bristly  beneath.     Stamens  5 — 10. 
Flowers  very  clammy,  leafy.     Tube  of  corolla  wide, 
scarcely    longer    than    the    segments.       Teeth    of 
calyx  oblonp,  rounded.     Filaments  exserted.  (Don'i 
AtiU.)    A  deciduous  shrub.     New  York  Hod  Pennsyl- 
vania, on  the  borders  of  lakes  on  the  highest  part  of 
the  Blue  MountainB.     Height  10ft.  to   loft.     Intro- 
duced in  1734.     Flowers  white,  rose-coloured  before 
expansion  i  July  and  August. 
Readily  distinguished  from  the  other  hardy  azaleas  by      ""■  ■■"■"*''*™- 

its  bluish  appearance. 
^  86.  R.  (v.)  ni'tiduh  7\)n-.  (A.  ifnoi  Pm*.}    The  glossy-tWccff  Azalea. 

Unultliathni.    T<>tt.,I,c.;  Dm'i  Mtll.,1.  p.84I. 

Syjuxyae.    AlU«nICIdaPiin:m.  .<««-.  jrpf.  1.  p.  IN. 
EmgratiMp,    BaL  Srg  .  t.  tit. ;  lai  aai Jlf.  \  IIS. 

Spec.  Char,,  S^c.  Branches  smoothish.  Leaves  oblanceo- 
late, rather  mucronate,  coriaceous,  emooth  on  both 
HurRices,  shining  above,  having  the  nerve  bristly  beneath, 
with  revolute  ciliated  margins,  smaller  than  in  any  . 
other  species.  Flowers  clammy,  leafy.  Tube  of  corolla 
a  little  longer  than  the  segments.  Calyx  very  short. 
Filaments  exserted.  {Dun't  Mill.)  A  deciduous  ohnib. 
New  York  to  Virginia,  in  deep  mossy  swamps  on  the 
''  mountmns.  Height  2  ft.  to  4ft.  Introduced  in  1812. 
Flowers  white,  tinged  with  red ;  June 
itM.  «.i<.)iKMw.  and  July.    Ciqisule  brown. 

•  27.  B.  sPBCIo'sim  G.  Don.     (a.  mkio.a  FCfli 

showy  Azalea. 
V.  Mm.,  a.  p.  84*. 

S^iec.  Char.,  Ifc.  Branches  hairy.  Leaves  lanceolate, 
ciliated,  acute  at  both  ends.  Calyx  pubescent.  Corolla 
nlky,  with  obtuse,  ciliated,  lanceolate,  uiutulated  segments. 


598 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Stamens  exserted.    {DorCs  Mill,)     A  deciduous  shrub.     North  America. 
Height  2  ft.  to  6  ft.    Introduced  in  1812.    Flowers  scarlet ;  June  and  July 

ii  28.  12.  ARBORE^scENS  Tbrr.  (A.ARBo«B'scBNflP«r«A.)   The  arborescent  Azalea 

Identification.    Torr.,  1.  c. ;  Don**  MilL,  3.  p.  847. 

StmoHyme$.    As&lca  arborescens  Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.  1.  p.  153. ;  A.  arbdrea  Bai^.  Cat. 

Engravings.    Oixrjig.  1138.  from  a  spedmen  in  the  herbarium  of  ProCsuor  DeCandoUe. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  obovate,  rather  obtuse, 
smooth  on  both  surfaces,  glaucous  beneath,  cili- 
ated on  the  margins,  having  the  midrib  almost 
smooth.  Flowers  not  clammy,  leafy.  Tube  of 
corolla  longer  than  the  segments.  Calyx  leafy, 
with  the  segments  oblong  and  acute.  Filaments 
exserted.  {Don^s  Mill.)  A  deciduous  shrub  or 
low  tree.  Pennsylvania.  Height  10  ft,  to  15  ft. 
Introduced  in  1818.  Flowers  rose-coloured ;  June 
and  July. 

Pursh  says  it  forms,  with  its  elegant  foliage,  and 
large,  abundant,  rose-coloured  flowers,  the  finest 
ornamental  shrub  he  knows.  The  flowers  are  not  so 
pubescent  as  those  of  the  other  species.  The  scales 
of  the  flower  buds  are  large,  yellowish  brown,  and  surrounded  with  a  fringed 
white  border. 


1138.    A. 


§  vii.   K/ioddra  D.  Don. 

Identification.    Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  848. 

Derivation.   From  rkodon,  a  rose ;  in  reference  to  the  colour  of  the  flowert. 

Sect.  Char.  Limb  of  calyx  5-toothed.  Corolla  bilabiate  ; 
upper  lip  broadest,  and  2 — 3-cleft;  lower  one  biden- 
tate.  Stamens  10.  Capsule  5-ceIled,  A-valved.  Leaves 
deciduous.   (Don*s  Mill.) 

ja  29.  H.  /{hodo^RA  (r.  Don.  (/<hodo'ra  c/lnadi'nsii  L.) 
The  Canada  Rhodora. 

Identification.    Don's  Mill.,  8.  p.  843. 
Synonyme.    /Zhoddra  canadensis  Lin.  Sp.  561. 
Engravings.    Bot.  Mag-,  t.  474. ;  and  our>^.  1139. 

Spec.  Chnr.j  S;c.  Leaves  oval,  quite  entire,  pubescent  and 
glaucous  beneath.  Flowers  in  terminal  clusters  or 
racemose  umbels,  pale  purple,  and  protruded  before 
the  leaves.  {DorCs  Mill.)  An  erect  deciduous  shrub. 
Canada,  Newfoundland,  and  on  the  mountains  of  New 
York  and  Pennsylvania,  in  bogs.  Height  2  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1767.  Flowers  pale  purple;  April  and 
May.     Capsules  brown ;  ripe  in  August. 

Genus  XXIL 


1130.  R.  JOkodtea. 


1 

r  — -       , 

1 

1 

1 

'— ^^  ^ 

1                   1 

1— iKftL 

KAflMIA  L.     The  K.iLMiA.     Lin.  Syst.  Dedmdria  Monog;/nia. 

Identification.    Lin.  Gen.,  No.  M5. ;  Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  890. 
SynoHffme.    American  Laurel. 

Derivation.    Named  by  Llnn«us  in  honour  of  Peter  Kalm,  prcfetsor  at  Abo.  in  Sweden ;  author  et 
Travels  in  America  in  1753. 

Gen.  Char,     Calyx  5-parted.     CoroUa  salver-shaped ;  under  side  of  limb  pro- 
ducing 10  cornute  protuberances,  and  as  many  cavities  on  the  upper  .«ddc,  ia 


XLIII.   £BICACEiE:    KA'lMW. 


599 


which  the  anthers  lie.  or  are  conceded.  Capnle  5i«e1led,  many-seeded ;  dis- 
aepitoenta  mai^inal.  {Don't  Mill.) 

Leavti  simple,  alternate,  or  temately  Terticillote,  exstipulate,  entire,  ever- 
jireen ;  huds  naked.  Fhaxri  in  lerminal,  racemose,  compound  corjtnbs,  but 
in  K.  hirsiita  soiitary  and  axillary.  PcdiceU  long,  1-flowered,  tribracteaie  at 
the  base  ;  extranal  bractea  originating  from  the  racliis.  Anlhcri  opening  bv 
no  oblique  truncate  pores.  —  Undershrubs,  evergreen;  natives  of  Korin 
Americai  poisonous  in  all  their  parts,  and  often  I'atal  to  cattle. 
■  1.  K.  LATIFO'LIA  X.  The  broad-leaved  Kalmia. 

S^nsi^ma.      HounUln  Lmutcl,  CiUco  Bulb,  C4UC0  Finer, 


Spec.  Char.,   4^.      Leaves    on    long    petioles, 
Acattered  or  3  in  a  whorl,  oval,  coriaceous, 
smooth,  and  green  on  both  surfaces.      Co- 
rymbs terminal,  downy,  and  viscid.    (Doti't 
Mill.')     An  evergreen  glalirous  shrub.     Ca- 
nada to  Carolina,  on  the  sides  of  stony  hills. 
Height  3il.to   lOft.      Introduced  in   1T34. 
Flower?  white,    tinted  with  pale  pink,   deli- 
cately spatted;  June  and  July 
This  shrub,  in  its  native  soil,  continues  fiow> 
ering  great  part  of  the  summer ;  but  it  is  only 
in  particular  places  where  it  thrives.     These  are 
generally  rocky,  sterile,  and  near  water.    Leaves 
of  tbii<    species   are   poisonous   to   cattle   and 
sheep,  but  not  to  deer. 

Thenarrt 


>w-lesved  Kalmia. 


2.    K.  ANOI;STIFO"LIA  L. 

Lin.  Sp.,  Ml,  i  Furdi  Sept.,  1.  p.  iX. ;  Doa'i  MilL,  3.  p.  S50. 
S^a^lt  "bm.  lioi-.t'lU.i  Hot.  Cab.,  t  MH  ;  anlaurjtc  I'"- 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  petiolate,  scattered  or  3  in  a 
whorl,  oblong,  obtuse,  rather  rusty  beneath.  Corymbs 
lateral.  Bracteaa  linear.  Peduncles  and  calyxes 
clothed  with  glandular  pubescence.  (Don't  Mill.)  A 
low  shrub.  Canada  to  Carolina,  in  bogs,  swamps,  and 
sometimes  in  dry  mountain  lands.  Height  1  ft.  to  3  ft. 
Introduced  in  1736.  Flowers  dark  red ;  May  to 
July.    Capsule  brown  ;  ripe  in  September. 

1  a.   K.  a.  2  ovdla   PuTsh   Fl. 

Amer.  Sept.  i.  p.  S96. — 

nil.  K. .Ei(<iBr.iu.  ^  native  of  New  Jwsey, 

on  the  mountmns,  with  broader  leaves  and  a 

taller  stem  than  the  species. 

J,  3.  K,  oLAu'cA  Ait.     The  glaucou»-irai«f  Kalmia. 

Sin-iMm.'.s.p.W"'      ""        -f-      ■ 

Xutungmr.    K.pDlifilia  iramgk.  Jtl.  Soe.  Bernl.  ».  f.  l^  C.  i. 
Kagrariatll.  But.  Hlg.,  L  1?T.  ;  Bot.  Cmb.,  1.  ItOS.  i  ud  our  fif.  lUi. 

Spec.  Char.,  ijc.  Branchlets  somewhat  S-edged.  Leaves 
opposite,  on  short  petioles,  oblong,  smooth,  glaucous 
beneath,  with  revolule  edges.  Corj-nibs  terminal, 
compound,  bracteate.  Pedicels  and  calyxes  gla- 
brous, (jion't  Mill,}  A  very  handsome,  upright, 
■mall  shrub.  Canada,  in  bogs,  and  on  the  borders 
Q  «  4 


600  ARBORETUM   ET   FBUTICETUM    UaiTANNICUH. 

of  the  mountain  lakes  of  New  York  and  Pennaylvania,  and  of  the  Island 
of  Sitcha.  Height  1A.  to  Sft.  Iniroduced  in  1767.  Flowers  pale  r«d: 
April  and  Maj.     Capsule  brown  ;  ripe  in  tjeptember. 

B.  IC.g.2  roivtarinifoHa  Pursh  Fl.  Amcr.  Sept.  i.  p.  896.  —  Leaves  linear, 
more  revolute  on  the  margins,  and  having  the  under  surface  green. 
The  flower  a  comparable  to  a  miniature  parasol :  the  corolla  to  the  cover- 
ing, the  Btainens  to  the  rays  that  keep  the  covering  distended,  and  the  style  to 

the  handle. 

B.  4.  K.  cunsa'ta  Mkhx.     The  wedga-shaped-Zmmif  Kalmia. 

Uaui/lfiiUan.     Ulchit.  F],  Bor.  Amer..  1,  p.  U7.:  Punli  Sfpt,  l.p,  nc  ; 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  scattered,  sessile,  cuneate-oblong, 
glandularly  pubescent  beneath,  minutely  armed  at  the 
apex.  Corymbs  lati^ral,  few-flowered.  Branches  twi^^, 
disposed  in  sessile,  lateral,  festigiate  clusters.  (Don't 
Mill.)  A  small  cvei^reen  shrub.  Camlina,  on  moiia. 
tains.  Height  1  H:.  to  e  li.  Introduced  in  I8S0. 
Flowers  white,  and  red  at  the  bottc»n  ;  May  and 
June.     Capsule  brown ;  ripe  in  September. 

k  Walt.     The  hairy  Kalmia.  '    ' 

1.  Cuol.,  1M. ;  Purdi  SqiL,  I.  p.  19&. ;  Ulctai.  n. 

Sifmmfme.    K.  dlliU  Airlr.  {Ml.  IS, 
Smtrivrnfi.    Bol,  M.g.,  1.  IM,  j  ud  our  Jlj.  UM. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Branches,  leaves,  and  calyses  very  hairy. 
Leaves  opposite  aiid  alternate,  almost  sessile,  elliptic. 
Peduncles  axillary,  solitary,  1-flowered,  longer  than  the 
leaves.  (Don't  Mi//.)  A  beautiliil  lilile  shrub.  South 
Carolina  and  Georgia,  in  barren  pine  woods.  H^ht 
!  ft.  to  3  ft.  Inirociuced  in  1TB6.  Flowers  large,  red ; 
June  to  August,  Capsule  hrown  ;  rq)e  in  October. 
Somewhat  difficult  to  cultivate  in  British  gardens.  'iim.  r.uimi. 

Genus  XXIII. 


a 


MENZIE'SJ-l  Smith.     Thb  Mbnziesia,    Lhi.  Syit.  Octindria  Moaogfim- 

«i.  Incd-.  M,  1  D.  Don  In  Ed.  PhU.  Joam..  IT.  p.  IJO. 


Gen.  Char.  Calyj  *-lobed.  Coro//a  tubular  or  globose  j  limb  very  short,  4- 
lobed,  revolute.  Stament  8,  enclosed.  FHamaUi  subulate,  glabrous.  Cetit 
of  anthers  parallel,  connate,  mutic  at  the  base,  and  opening  each  by  an 
oblique  foramen  at  the  apex.  Sligma  obtuse.  Capmle  ligneous,  4-celled, 
with  a  septicidal  dehiscence.     Placenta  4-lobed.     Swrfr  acobiform.  (Dim't 

Leanet  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  very  small,  membra, 
nous,  glaucous  beneath.  Floaert  in  numerous  terminal  I-flowered  fk». 
cided  pedicels.  —  Underslirubt,  deciduous ;  natives  of  North  America. 


XLIU.   ERICA  CES.:    AZALEA. 

k  StmA.     The  nisty^uwrnJ  Menidesia 

,  p.  K,  K-te.;  Psnh   Sep!..  1.  p.  ML  ; 


LSpcc.  Oiar.,  ije.  Corolla  urceolate,  with  rounded  lobes. 
Leaves  and  brnnchea  hairy.  Leaves  obovate-lanceolaCe. 
(Don't  Mill.)  A  deciduous  shrub.  North-west  coast 
of  America,  particularly  on  the  Columbia  River,  and  on  the 
Island  of  Sitcha.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  fl.  Introduced  in 
IBU.      Flowers  rusty  colour  ;  May  and  June.  i'"'  "■•" 

•  S.  M.  SLoBULi'iit  Salub.     The  globulMyfrawrei/  Meniiesia. 

UtmMfiatvm.   SlUlb.  Par.  I.I>ild,t.44.;Funta  Sspt,  I.  p.  Ml.  i  Dod'1  Hill-, 


.    >I.pi)6u/>m.  £iKl.  1.  p.«U. 

Spec.  Char.,  $c.  Corolla  globose,  with  rounded  lobes. 
Leaves  and  branches  hairy.  Leaves  lanceolate.  (Don't 
MiU.)  A  deciduous  shrub.  Virginia  and  Carolina,  on 
high  mountains ;  plentiful  on  the  Cncapoore  Mountains, 
near  Winchester,  m  Virpnia.  Height  3  ft.  to  5  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1806.     Flowers  yellowish  brown.  i 

Genus  XXIV. 


u 


AZALEA  D.  Don.    Thb  Azilka.    Lin.  Syit.  Fentindris  Honog^nia. 


Gen.  Char.  Calyx  5^iarted.  Corolla  short,  campanulate,  deleft.  Slameni 
5,  equal,  shorter  than  the  corolla.  Ccilt  of  anthers  opening  by  a  terminal 
pore.  Slylet  ttrmght,  enclosed.  Capiale  5-eeIled,  with  5-cloven  pointed 
valves,  whose  infleied  edges  form  the  double  partitions.  (Don't  MiU.) 

Leavet  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  evergreen  ;  small,  elliptic,  glabrous, 
with  revolute  marpns.  Floiarrt  pedicdlate,  rising  in  fascicleB  from  the  axils 
of  the  upper  leaves,  small,  red.— A  ahmb,  ever^een,  procumbent,  small,  gla- 
brous, with  the  habit  of  wild  thyme  ;  native  ofEurope  and  North  Amencs, 
on  mountains. 

ji  1.  A.  fbocu'mbens  L.     The  procumbent  Azalea. 

IitnOUeatin.      Ua.  Sp.,  >a». ;  Fnrih  F1.  Amn-.  BiTpl.,  I.  p.  IH.  ;  Doa'l 


;■«; 


Ensravingl.    Epg- 

Spec.  Char.,  ire  See  Gen.  Char. 
A  procumbent  evergreen  shrub. 
Europe,  on  mountains;  plentiful 
in  the  Highlands  of  Scotland, 
and  in  the  alpine  re^ons  of  dif- 
ferent parts  of  Worth  America. 
Height  6  in.  Flower*  small, 
rose-coloured  ;  April  and  May. 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITAMNICUH. 
Requires  to  be  grown  in  Eandj  peat,  either  in  a  border  or  in  pc 
Genus  XXV 


□ 


LEIOPHVLLUH  Pert.     Tub  LsioptiTLLnii.     Lm.  Sy$t.  Decindria 
Monogj-nia. 

IilrM-firiuiim.    Pa™,  Enth..  1.  B.  *V7.  ;  Spreng,  SjH,,  4.  p.  176.  ;  Don'iMill.  B.n.asi. 
S^^Ii.n^    Vnmleiai,i.maolb,indpi,uUom,a.\tt.X;  Imrrcnnce  u  tbc  unoothneH  of  Ibl^iei.' 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  deeply  5-parted.  Corolla  S^etaled,  Slameyu  10,  ex- 
scrted.  Antheri  opening  by  2  tenninal  pores.  CajitvSe  5-celled,  5-valved, 
dehiscing  at  the  apex.  {Don't  Mill.) 

Leavct   simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen  ;  small,   convex,   oval, 

glabroiu,  shining.    Floweri  while,  disposed  in  terminal  corymbs.  — A  shrub, 

small,  erect,  bimhy,  very  ornamental  rrom  the  delicacy  of  its  leaves  and  the 

abundance  of  its  white  Sowers ;  native  o(  North  America,  on  mountsins. 

a.  ].  L.  rnvHiFO^iUH  Pert.     Hie  Thyme-leaved  Leiophyllum, 

Mtnt^alim.    Peri.  Ench..  I.  |i.  477.  1  Sprmg.  Sr<t.9.p.  ILS.^  Don*!  U1I1.,  3.p.  SSI. 
SlTMJ^BW,    tMuin  ftuilMlum  BrrgfM  In  Acl.  Pelrip.  1779  p.  I.  I.  i.  f.  1. 1  iMum  (hjnitthHiini 

Ltm.  Dirt.  S.  p.  4M.  I  y.MuiB  nrvjUlffilium  L'HtrU.  Slirp.  Xa*.  1. 1.  10. }  Amm^niiM  hiilRdU 

Furii  SrpI,  I.  p.  »ni.  i  SMd  Mjrtfc,  W-k  Jrrirg. 
Ennrarinii.     Bol.  Heg..  1.  HI, ;   Bat.  Cab.,  1.  Ci  udou 

Spec.  Char.,  S;c.  See  Gen.  Char,  An  elegant 
little  evergreen  ehrub.  New  Jersey,  and  thi- 
mountains  of  CnJolina,  particularly  on  the 
hichest  summits  of  the  Cutawba  ridge.  Height 
6  in.  to  I  ft.  Introduced  m  17;i6.  Fluwers 
while,  rendering  it  highly  ornamental  ;  May 
end  June. 

L.  protlrdlum.  Ammirsine  prostrita  5iri., 
Lovd.  Hort.  Bnl.  No.  28221.  ;  A.  L^oni  Swt. 
Hort.  Brit.  ed.  1630  p.  3M.  — Branches  spread- 
ing.    Leaves  oblong.  „^  unqmniiwii. 


□ 


LE'DUM  L.  Trb  Ledum.    Un.  St/il.  Decindria  Monog^a. 

UntllfiaUgm.    LiD.  On.,  Ho.HS.|GBnD.  Fnia.,t.  p.  1».  (.  Ill  ;  Juu.Om..  ISS.g  NotL  Cro. 

Dtrrtijion.    Ledm  ru  thft  Dime  Applied  br  Che  hhcIfdIb  to  a  pUnt  produdiv  the  tnlxiiiDF*  cHitA 
Mmo—  to  Ue  p^tnt  of  Uie  mdenlt. 

Gen,  Char.  Calt/i  minute,  4-toothed.  Corolla  5-petaled;  spreading. 
Stammt  5 — 10,  exserted.  Antheri  opening  by  two  terminal  pores.  Ctrp- 
tuU  sub-ovate,  5-celled,  S-valved,  opening  at  the  base,  pedicellate.  Seedt 
numerous,  fiat,  linear,  scabrous,  fiirnishcn  with  a  membranous  wing  at 
each  extremity,  (l}or^t  Mill.) 

Leavei  simple,  alternate,  exstinulate,  erei^reen ;  coriaaeous,  with  rero- 
lute  margins,  and  tomentose  on  ine  und«'  surface,  Floweri  white,  disposed 
in  terminal  corymbs  :  pedicels  bracteate  at  the  base.  —  Shrubs,  eTergreen, 
low,  procumbent,  or  dwarf,  exhaling  a  pecuUar  sceut  when  bruised ;  native* 
of  Europe  or  North  America. 


XLIII.    £RICACE«:    Le'dUM. 


■.  BpIL  MS. 

Etirarmp.      SchmiiJl  BwuD..  [.  IM.  i    Bol,  CS.,  t.  UStt  i  ind  Out 

Spec,  dor.,  fie.     Leaves  linear,  with  revolute  mai^ 
rins,    clothed    with     rusty    tomentimi     l^eneath. 
Stamens    10,   longer   than   tlie   coroLa.      Leaves 
retembling  those  of  rosemary.  (Don'i  Mill.)     An 
erect  evergreen  ahnib.     Canada,  in  swampa,  and 
round   the   mountain  lakes   of    New    York  j     in  i, 
Kouebue's  Sound,  &c. ;  also  the  North  of  Europe,  / 
as  Denmark,  Silesia,  Ac.    Height  2  ft.    Introduced  v 
in  1762.     Flowers  white ;  April  and  May. 

n.  L.  p.  i  decumbent    Ait.   Hort.  Kew.  ed,  S. 
vol.  iii.  p.  48.  —  A   decumbent   ihrub,    a> 
native  of  Iludson's  Bay,  iiM.  i-p^"". 

■.  2.  L.  LATiFOLiuM  Ait.  The  broad-leaved  Ledum,  or Labi-ador  Tea. 

IdtamaOlim.    Alt.  H«t.  K*w..  2.  p.  E9.  ;  Punh  Supl.,  1.  p.Ml  i  Dou'l 
Sgna^a.'    L.'glOBiliiKUcmi  BfB.06i.4.  nM.;    t.  pUlS.lti.  »f.£*i. 

i(.1151. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  linear-oblong,  with  replicate 
matpna,  clothed  with  maty  tomentum  beneath.  Sta- 
mens 5,  aboDt  the  length  of  the  corolla.  Flowers 
white,  {Don's  Mill.)  A  Inrger  and  broader-leaved 
evergreen  shrub  than  Z..  paliislre.  Canada,  in  mosny 
swamps  ;  and  Greenland,  Labrador,  Newfoundland,  and  i 
Hudaon's  fiay.  Height  8  ft.  to  4ft.  Introduced  in 
1763.    Flowers  white;  April  and  May.  . 

The  leaves  are  said  to  be  used  in  Labrador,  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  tea.     Bees  are  very  fond  of  the  flowers.  im.  (,.  iiBr„uuiii 

B.  3,  L,  cahadb'nse  Lodd.   The  Canadian  Ledum 

UnHlkalbm    Lodd.  BsC.  Cah..!.  IMO.  i  Don'i  MU].,a.p.  i3l. 


!pec.  Char.,  Stc.  Leaves  ovate-pet io late,  white  beneath. 
Fbwera  disposed  in  terminal  umbellate  corymbs, 
large.  (Don't  Mill.)  A  low  evergreen  shrub.  Canada, 
in  swamps.  Ueightfiin.  Litroducedin  181S.  Flowers 
white  J  April  and  May. 


Sect.  III.     rAccmiE^s  D.  Don. 

.•  D-DonlD&ltiib.Phil.Joiim..  IT.p.l.'M-i  Doii'iMlll.,lip.  8*1. 
Seel'.  Char.,  ^c.  Anthers  2-celled.  Ovary  connate  with  the  calyx.  Disk  peri- 
gjnous,  nectariferoua.  Fruit  baccate.  Gemmation  scaly.  The  genera  in 
this  section  agree  with  Kacdnium  in  the  ovary  adhering  to  the  calji. 
(Don't  Mill.)  Dedduous  and  evergreen  shrubs,  natives  of  Europe  and 
North  America;  cultivated  in  peat  soil,  and  propagated,  generally,  by  di- 
vision of  the  plant,  but  sometimes  by  layers,  and,  when  necessary,  by 
cuttings  or  seeds. 


604 


ARBORETUM   £T   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Genus  XXVIL 


jGuncc 


FACCFNIUM  L.    Thb  Whortlbberey.    Lin.  Syst,  Oct-Dedindria 

Monog/nia. 

Idtntifieation.    Lin.  Gen.,  191. ;  Ait.  Hort  Kew.,  2.  p.  865. ;  Pursh  Fl.  Bor.  Amer^  1.  p.  282. :  JiiM. 

Gen.,  162.  ^  Nutt.  Gen.  Amer.,  1.  p.  263. ;  Lam.  UL,  286. ;  Gsitn.  Fract.,  t.  SB. ;  Don't  lliU.,  3. 

p.  851. 
&vmonifmei»    Htls  IdsH  Toum.  Inst.  t.  S77. ;  Airelle,  Fr. ;  Heidelbeere,  Ger. 
Derivation.    An  ancient  Latin  name,  but  whether  of  a  beiry  or  a  flower  has  been  a  ptdnt  in  dispute 

among  critici,  a«  well  as  its  etymology. 

Gen,  Char.  Calyx  4— 5-toothed.  Corolla  urceolate  or  campanulate,  more 
or  less  deeply  4— 5-cleft;  limb  reflexed.  SUmient  8 — 10,  hypogynous. 
Anthers  2-horned,  dehiscing  at  the  summits,  and  sometimes  furnished  at 
the  back  with  two  spreading  spines  or  bristles.  Style  longer  than  the  sta- 
mens. Stigma  obtuse.  Berry  globose,  depressed  at  top,  4'— 5-celled, 
many-seeded.  (Don's  JiTilL) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen ;  membranous, 
often  beset  with  resinous  dots.  Flowers  pedicellate,  and  solitary,  simply 
racemose,  or  tufted,  drooping,  inodorous,  tinted  with  various  shades  of  red 
or  pink,  never  blue,  scarcely  yellowish,  generally  very  elegant.  Berries 
black,  purple,  bluish,  or  red,  generally  eatable. —  Shrubs,  low.  suffruticose, 
gemmaceous  i  natives  of  Europe  or  North  America. 

The  species  are  in  a  good  deal  of  confusion,  from  the  whole  of  them  never 
having  been  studied  together  in  the  same  garden.    We  have  followed  the 
arrangement  of  6.  Don,  as  the  latest  and  best,  not  having  had  an  opportunity 
ourselves  of  examining  all  the  species  said  to  be  in  cultivation  in  Britis! 
gardens. 

A.  Leaves  deciduoiu, 

a.  Pedicels  X-flowered,  usually  solitary,  rarefy  twin,  or  fasciculate, 

-n  \,V,  Mybti'llus  L,    The  Little-Myrtle-Zi^tf  Whortleberry,  or  common 

Bilberry^  or  Bleaberry, 

Identificction.    Lin.  Sp.,  498. ;  Smith  Engl.  Fl.,  2.  p.  219. ;  Don's  Mill.,  8.  p.  851. 
Engreningt.    Engl.  Bot.,  t  466. ;  Fi.  Dan.,  t.  974. ;  and  onvfig.  1153. 

Spec,  Char.,  S^c,  Pedicels  solitary,  1-flowered.  Leaves  serrated,  ovate,  smooth. 
Stem  acutely  angular,  smooth.  Calyx  hardly  divided.  Corolla  globose 
generally  5-cleft,  of  a  very  delicate,  waxy,  pink  hue.  (Don*s  MUL")  A  low 
deciduous  shrub.  North  of  Europe,  on  heaths,  stony  moors,  and  mountain 
woods ;  North  of  Africa  and  Asia ;  and  at  Nootka  Sound  and  Nova  Scotia,  in 
America.  Plentiful  in  Britain  and  Ireland,  and  also  in  Iceland;  and  pro 
cumbent  about  the  subalpine  zone  in  England, 
where  it  rarely  produces  flowers.  Height  6  in. 
to  2  ft.  Flowers  delicate,  waxy,  pink ;  May. 
Berries  bluish  black,  about  the  size  of  currants, 
and  covered  with  a  mealy  bloom ;  ripe  in 
October. 

yariety, 

-»  y.  M,  2  bdccis  dlbis  Booth  has  white 
fruit.  Plants  of  this  variety  were  dis- 
covered in  1835  in  the  Black  Forest. 

The  berries  are  eaten  in  tarts,  or  with  cream, 
or  made  into  jelly,  in  the  northern  and  western 
counties  of  England  and  Scotland  ;  and,  in  other 
|)art8  of  the  country,  they  are  made  into  pies  and  has.  r.  icynsiiM. 


XLIIl.   £RICA'CE«:    TACCrMIUM.  606 

puddings.  Their  juice  haa  been  employed  M  itain  paper  or  linen  purple. 
In  autumn,  many  kinds  of  game  iive  upon  theni,  and  the  plant  affords  tnem 
shelter.  In  gardens,  it  may  be  cultivated  in  sandy  peat,  kept  moiat,  in  a  situ- 
ation airy,  but  Homewhat  shaded. 

M  a.  r.  ULioiNo'suM  L.     The  Bog  Whortleberry,  or  gnat  Bilberry. 

MmMtcsfmi.    UcL  S|iH.,M9. :  Smltb  Bnt,  Fl,.l  p.  110.  i  Don'i  HIIL,  3  p.  SS]. 
Smrnntm'-    Mmniui  irrindit  &■*.  Mlii.  I  ]i.  »ia. 

^lec.  Char.,  4^c.     Pedicel'  Bomeivhat  aggrepite,  l-flo*ered.    Leaves  obovate, 

entire,  smooth.      Branches    lercle.      Taller  than   the   common   bilberry, 

and  of  a  more  glaucous  hue.      Leaves  glaucous  be- 
neath.     Flowers  flesh-coloured,  with   8   ion^-homed 

stamens.    (ZJon'i   Mill.)      A    low    deciduous   shrub. 

North  of  Europe.  North  America,  and  North  of  Asia, 

in  marshy  mountain  heaths  and  alpine  bogs.     Height 

I  tt.  to  2Vt.     Flowers   flesh^roloured  i  April  and  Mav. 

Berries  larfft,  juicy,  black,  and  covered  with  a  mealy  . 

bloom ;  ripe  in  October,  ' 

TTie  berries  are  agreeable,  but  inferior  in   flavour  to 
those  of   f.   Myrtillus;   eaten  in  large  quantities,  they  / 
occasion  giddtnt-m,  and  a  slight  headache.      In  France  ^ 
they  are  used  to  colour  wines  red  ;  ami  in  Siberia  and       —  »  ^i,^- 

Sweden  they  tunii-.h  an  ardent  spirit  that  is  hifihly  vola-      m,,  r  iTininimi 
tile  and  intoxicating.     They  afford  excellent  sustenance 
to  game.    In  gardens,  it  may  be  cultivated  like  the  preceding  species. 

^  3.   V.  ANDVSTiPo'uvM  Ail.     The  narrow-leaved  WhortleberTy, 

toiMyiK.     y.  mjnlllfildM  »fA.  J^.'Sur.  Amer.  1.  p.  IM. 
Enrronivi.    B«.  Mjj.,  1.  mT.i  •udourA- 11M. 

Spec,   Char.,  ^c.     Pedicels   scattered,   mostly   solitary,   l-flowered,    naked. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  nearly  entire,  downy  at  the  ribs  and 
margins.     Berries  large,  and  known  by  the  name  of 
bluets.  (Du'i'i  Mill.)     A   low  deciduous  shrub.     Ca-  t 

Dida,   about   Hudson's  Bay  and   Labrador;   and  the 
high  alpine  woods  of  the  Hucky  Mountuins,  from  the 
Atlantic  lo  the  Pacific.     Ileicht  1  ft.  to  2  II.     Intro- 
duced in  IT76.   Flowers  flagon-shaped,  yellowish  L^rei-'n, 
or  white  tinged  with   red  ;   April   and   May.     Berries  /I 
large,  globose,  blackish  puq)le,  highly  esiceiiied  bv  (he  If 
intubitants  of  the  countries  where  the  plant  is  indige-       "jii^' 
nous ;  ripe  in  October.  i  lu.  r.  unuuivB. 

.■  4,   y.  cjttPiTo'suM  Michx.     The  tufted  Whortleberry 

I.Fl.Ror.  An»r..  I.  p.lM.1  Dco'l  Uilt..  1.  p.  SM. 

Iig.,  L  U19.  I  ud  ourjlr.  1 IM, 

Flowers  lateral,  solitary,  nearly  sessile, 
what  wedge-shaped,  rounded,  obtuse, 
serrated,  membranous,  very  smooth.  A  little  shrub, 
with  many  crowded  stems,  from  Sin.  to  4' in.  high, 
very  smooth  in  every  part.  Corolla  of  a  short  urceo- 
tate  Form.  Berries  nearly  sessile,  globose.  (Don't 
Jmil.)  A  small  deciduous  shrub,  with  crowded  stems. 
Hudson's  Bay.  in  the  Island  of  Sitcha,  and  on  the  Rockv 
Mountains.  Height  6  in.  Introduced  in  1833.  Flower's 
numerous,  exceedingly  delicate  and  beautiful,  white, 
with  a  deep  tinge  of  blush ;  May.  Berry  blue  black, 
with  a  glaucous  bloom  -,  ripe  in  October. 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETOM    BRITANNtCUM. 


b.  Flowert  h 
I  5.  y.  GALfzASs  Michx. 


teuile  Tiifit. 

The  Gale-like  Whonleberry, 


/KdUMmNDii, 


1  ipecRun  tn   Ih. 


Sptc.   Char.,   ^c.     Flowers  on   very  short  itallu,  in 

seHsile    tufts.      Leaves    sessile,    lenceolate-wedge' 

shnped,  slightly  serrated,  downy.      ChIvx  pointed. 

Corollns   ovate,  much   contracted    at   the    mouth. 

Style  jirorainent.      Michaux   descrilies  this  shrub 

as  having  the  aspect  of  JV^yrica  Giile,  with  alight 

downy  branches.     Leaves  v.krying.     The  pedicels, 

shorter  tlian  the  flowerij,  burnt  rrom  n  bud  composed  . 

of  numerous  crowded  scales.  (Don't  MiU.)    A  low 

deciduous  slirub.     Virginia  and  Carolina,  in  shody 

woods  anil  swamps.    Height  2  ft.     Introduced   in 

1806.     Flowers  yellowish  white;   May  and  June.  i,j,.  r  finnf 

fierry  small,  globular,  black;  ripe  in  October. 

jt  6.  y.  tene'lluh  -^if.    The  delicate  Whortlebeny. 

UetaificalhH.    All.  Hnit.  Ke',,  rd,  1.,  toI.  l.p.  318.  (  Uoo'i  MIU,  S.  p,  BH. 

EmgTai-iuti.    dTixI.  BTit..  1,39-1  Bst.  Hi(.,  t.MM.  i  our.|((-  IIH.  from  WiUon.  ml  fit-  ■■»■ 

Spec.  Char,,  S(c.  Flowers  in  dense  sessile  tufti.  LesTea 
nearly  sessile,  ovate-bnceolatf,  acuDiinuted,  finely 
serrated,  smooth,  except  the  rib  and  margins. 
Branches  angular,  with  a  downy  line  on  each  side- 
Calyx  of  5  deep  acute  seg- 
ments. iDo«'>  Mill.)  A  low, 
very  branching,  deciduous 
shrub.  New  England  to  Vir-  , 
ginia,oDdry  hills,  on  gravelly  f 
soil.  HeiEh't^ftt.  Introduced  | 
in  mi.  Flowers  pole  red  oi 
wiiite  i  May.  Berries  large, 
bluish  black,  eitremely  sweet  " 
■   '""■  *'-'"*'"'"■  and  pleasant;  ripe  OclobeF. 

of  Pennsylvania  produc 


9,  remurkalile  for  the  size  and  nhape  of  the  fruit,  leaves,  andflow< 
Leaves  somelitnes  I  in.  long.  {DoiiU  Mill.) 

i  7.  C.  tiGu'sTmNUM   Miclu:.      The  Privet-like  \>i^ 

Whortleberrv 


of  tfaia 


>  :  Don' 


lli'hird 


Spei:  C/inr.,  ^c.  Flowers  in  tufts,  and  nearly  sessile ;  as 
arc  the  leaves,  which  are  also  erect,  lanceolate,  mucro- 
natc,  finely  serrated,  veiny  and  downy.  Corolla  longish 
and  ovate.  Branches  angular.  (Don't  Mill.)  An  erect 
deciduous  shrub.  Pennsylvania  to  Virginia,  In  dry 
woodn,  and  common  on  the  mountains.  Height  2  ft.  to 
3ft.  Introduced  in  181S.  Flowers  purplish  red;  May 
to  July.     Berries  black  ;  ripe  in  October. 

c.  Flotnen  ditpoicd  in  Bacemet. 
^  8.  V.  pa'llidum  Ait.     The  ^a\e-Jiotvered  Wbortleberry. 


XLIII.    £RICA  CEJE  l    VACCI  NIU 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c,  Racemeii  braeteate.  Corolla  cjlin- 
drically  bell-Hhaped.  Leaves  ovate,  acute,  finely 
serrated.  (Don't  MUl.)  A  low  deciduous  shrub. 
North  America.  Height  2  ft.  Introduced  in  1778. 
Flowers  whitish  ;  Mav  and  June. 

■  9.  y.  AMO'RBUM  Marih.     The  Tree-like  Whortle- 

SS^'^eni.    "*''''     lchi.n.Bor,Ani«,.  1.  |i.m.j   DoD> 
Sytaitymr.     V.  dUfltiuni  AU.  Hurl.  Kra.  «L  3.  loL.  1.  p.  IH. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Pedicels  axillary  and  solitarj,  or 
terminal  and  racemose,  naked.  Leaies  ovate,  acute, 
with   alight  glandular    Bcrratures  ;  polished   above, 

and  rather  downy  beneath.  Corollas  bell-shaped,  acute.  Stamens  the  length 
of  the  tube.     Berries  globular,  alniost  dry.     Branches  terete,  downy  while 

Siung.  (Don't  Mill.)   An  elegant  deciduous  shrub,  with  the  habit  of  a  tree 
orth  Carolina  to  Floridsi,  in  dry  noods,  on  the  rocky 
banks  of  rivers.     Height   10  ft.  to  20  ft.     Introduced  in 
1765.     Flowers  while,  tinged  with  red  i  June  and  Julv 
Berries  black;  ripe  in  November. 

This  species  joins  the  solitary-flowereit  species  with  the    i 
racemose-flowered  species;  the  axillary  flowers  being  soli-  C 
tarj  and  pedicellate,  and  the  terminal  ones  racemose      In 
British  gardens,  it  flowers  and  fruits  freely  in  peat  soil  im   r  •f 

^  10.   V.  stami'nbuh  L,     Theiing-stamened  Whorileberrj. 

Iffj^tificption.    Lin.  Spr.  43B.  -,  Pon'i  UJIL.  3.  p.  BfiS. 
Symti^mii.    r.  ilburn  Punk  Srr'.  I .  p.  MS. :  y.  elnttuoi  t 
/ngrapimgl.     Aaifc.  Bol.  Btp.,  >.  963.  i  ud  ourj^.  IIS. 

spec.  Char.,  ifc.     Racemes  downy,  with  oval 
bracteas  as  long  as  the  flowers.     Anthers 
2-homed  on  the  hack,  twice  as  long  as  the 
spreading  bell-xhapcd  corolla.   Leaves  ellip- 
tic,  acute,    entire,   glaucous,    and    rather 
downy   beneath.      Stem   2  ft.    high,    with  |J 
numerous  green  branches,  which  are  downy  ^ 
while  young.      Leaves  It  or  2 inches  long,  ; 
on  very  short  downy  stalks.     Flowers  de-  v 
caiidrous,    copious,    while,    having    linear 
anthers,  which   are  horned  near  the  base. 
The  bracteas  resemble  the  leaves,  but  are 
much  smaller.  (Dvii't  Mil/,)     A  low  de- *"__. 
ciduous  shrub.     New  England  to  Florida.  ,,5^  ,  Mmiiwmi 

Hdght   1  ft.  to  a  ft.      Introduced  in  177S. 
Flowers  white ;  May  and  June.  Berries  greenish  or  white  ;  ripe  in  October. 

^  \.t.2  album  H.  B.  et  Kunth  Nov.  Gen.  Amer.  iii.  p.  B67.— The  leaves 
are  larger,  and  ciliated  on  the  nerves  beneath,  and  on  the  margins. 
Corolla  campanulate  and  white.  It  is  a  native  of  Mexico,  in  woods, 
between  Pachuca  and  Keal  del  Monte,  where  it  seldom  grows  above 
6  in.  high. 

M  11.  y.  DUuosuM  AU.     The  bushy  Whortleberry. 

Umlitcalfim.    Alt.  Van.  Kev.. cd.  I-.toL  9. p. IBS. ;  Don'i  Hill..!,  n.  MS. 

toBilaam  Uk^.  H.  Jlot.  Amrr.  1.  p.  130. ,   y.  btn&\tm  All.  Hon.  Kelt.  «l  ». 
■iiifl.    Bot.  Ulg..!.  DOS.  1  Bot.  Rrp..  t.  111.;  umI  oat  Jig.  1]6<. 

Char.,  S/c.     Racemes  downy,  with  oval  bracteas,  and  the  pedicel*  with 


If  Itctt. :  Dm  Bfiry.  Atni 


COd  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITAHKICUM. 

2  lanceolate  bracteoles.  Lcbtcs  obovate,  mucronate,  entire, 
downy,  and  viscid.  Ovarium  hairy.  Corolla  beil-Bhoped, 
obtuiie,  longer  than  the  stamens.  Branches  round.  LenreB 
IJiii.  lon^.  Calycine  legmeots  fringed.  (^Doa'i  Mill^ 
A  low  busily  deciduous  shrub.  New  Jersey  to  Florida,  in 
dry  sandv  woods,  particulnrly  inpine  forests.  Height  2  ft. 
to  3ft.  Introduced  in  177*.  Flowers  white,  tinsed  with 
pink, rather  large;  June  and  July.  Berries  black, globular  j 
ripe  in  November. 

^  V.  d.  8  huxule  Wats.  Dend.  Brit.  t.  38.  —  The  flowers   V^^i 

are  white;  anthers  red  ;  pedicels  solitary,  aiillary.     um   r  <iii  i   ■ 
Shrub,  6  in.  high. 

«  12.  r.  coRViiBo"srii  L.     The  corymbase^/fouirnrJ  Whortldieny. 

MatVcitlim.    Un.  Sp,  4H.  i  Don'i  MIIL.  3.  p.  SU. ;  Hook,  >□  Bot.  Ha|..  t.  U33. 

^punynri.     r.  ama'num  Aa.  Hart  Knr.  at.  1.  toL  2.  p.  SU. ;  f.  diiomlirpliuDI  Uklu.  Fl.  Jsr. 

£V9n'^-    Hmd.Btlt.  >■  1^  i  Bot.'Kop..l.  IM.  i  BM.Mi«,,l.lim.;  indoiu^Vi.  llULUdLlEI. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Flowering  branches  almost  leafless.  Racemes  corymbose) 
drooping,  with  membranous  bracteas,  which  are  shorter  than  the  doviiy 
flower  stalks.  Leaves  elliptic,  acute,  minutely  serrated,  sniuoth,  with  down; 
ribs.  (Doii'f  MiH.)  Leaves  l)in.  to  2  in.  long,  tipped  with  a  plsndulsi 
point.  Racemes  rising  from  the  branches  of  the  preceding  year,  and  seldom 
accompanied  by  leaves.  BraLteas  reddish,  membranous,  and  Innged.  Cslv- 
cine  segments  broad  and  shallow.  Corollas  white  or  reddish,  cylindricaliy 
urceolale,  rather  angular,  and  contracted  at  the  mouth.  Stamens  10,  dowDj. 
Anthers  enclosed,  having  a  double  pouch  at  the  bate,  but  no  spurs.  Hiis 
species  has  a  number  of  varieties,  in  size,  shape,  and  colour  of  the  Imvm, 
flowers,  and  fruit.  A  tall  deciduous  Rhnib.  Canada  to  Caroiins  and 
Georgia,  in  swamps  and  wet  woods.  Height  4  ft.  to  7  ft.  Introduced  d 
Flowers  w^ite  or  reddish ;  Hay  and  June.  Berries  black,  insipd, 
like  those  of  the  cranberry  (  ripe  in  October. 


Viirieliei. 

m  V.  c.  8  mri^dlum  Ait.  Hort,  Kew,  ed.  S.  vol.  8,  p.  359.,  Don'i  Sd- 
3.  p.  854.  i  and  our  fig.  976,  —  The  flowers  are  white,  ringed  with 
crimson  or  pale  red ;  very  elc^nt,  and  smaller  than  the  sj*'^ 
Racemes  short,  lateral,  and  terminal.  Virginia  and  Carolias,  b 
swamps  ;  where  it  grows  Sfi.  high. 

«  V.  r.  3  fiacatum  Ait.  HorL  Kew.  I.  c.  F.  formfismn  AnJr.  Bat.  lUji 
t.  97. ;  V.  rirgatum  WaU.  Dmd.  BrU.  L  33.,  but  not  of  AiL :  (nd  our 


XLlli-  Brica'ce^  :    rACCi'NiVM.  609 

Jig.  lies.— The  flowers  itriped  with  red  and 
while,  and  tlie  calyx  downy.  Lower  Carolina 
and  Georgia,  in  awampa, 
»  V.  c.  4  aagiatxf ilium,  V.  virpatiim  yar.  anpisti- 
totjum  WaU.  Demi.  BriJ.  t.  34.  —  The  leaves 
Darrow,  lanceolate,  and  acuminated  at  both  ends, 
sessile,  besprinkleil  with  brown,  Dtinute,  pedicel- 
late glands  beneath,  and  hairy  on  the  midrib 
above.  Flowers  almost  white.  This  Tariety, 
.  like  the  preceiling  ones  of  F,  coryoibosum,  is 
very  handsome,  and  very  distinct ;  and,  in 
British  gardens,  of  easy  culture,  in  sandy  peat 
soil,  which,  however,  as  in  nil  similar  cases, 
tmiat  he  kept  cool,  and  of  an  equable  degree  of 
moisture. 

^  13.  y.  ALBiFLOBUM  Hook.    The  white-flowered 

.  Whortleberry. 

/dnUi/lcatiim.    Hmk.  In  Bol.  »>«.,  MK.  ;  Gird.  Mi«,  ml.  ll.p.«S. 
E<lgm^^.    Bal.  Ilig..  I.  3i%  :  mi  ourjif.  lira. 

^Kc.   Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  oval-lanceolate,  obscurely  ser- 
rulate,   membranous,  pilose   beneath,   with   spreading 
hurs,   especially   on   Uie  midrib  Mid    primary   veins,      un.  r.  •.  oiutu'D. 
Flower-bearing   branches    leafless.      Racemes  a  little 

corymbose,  directed  to  one  «de,  drooping,  bracteated 
with  shortly  deciduous  bractcas.  Calyx  spreading, 
with  a  tendency  to  be  refleied.  Corolla  broadly  OT^. 
Ovary  wholly  inferior.  (Hooter.)  A  small  deciduous 
shrub,  with  spreading  branches.  North  America.  Height 
]  ft.  to  2  ft  Introduced  ?  1820.  Flowers  white  ;  May. 
Hie  affinity  of  this  very  pretty  species  is  undoubtedly 
with  V.  corymbdsmn,  but  the   half-superior   ovary  of  F. 


irymbdsum.  and  the  wholly  inferior  one  of  V,  albiflorum, 

ldoth<  ■■        "    '""■  ■--•■'  ^     -•     :.-.:_ 


IT  points  of  diflerence  implied  in  tli 

the  specific  character  above, 

L  have   induced    Sir  W,    J. 

Kja    Hooker   to  think  that   the 

^NF     two    are    permanently    dis- 

™""°-       tinc't.     In  the  Botanic  Gar- 

gow,  it  fruits  abundantly  every  year,  and 

IS  very  good 


^ 


J.  14.  F.  MAKiA\vJt  WaU.     The  Maryland 
Whortleberry. 

/driWtllauiJgii.  VriU.Dend.BiiL,  t.l3i.iD«i'tM1ll.,S  p.aM.  ^,    ,_ 

fMDritfHK.     y.  nurtUDdlcuin  LeAL  ^.  W 

Col.  cd.  ISM.  *yflf    t 
Eigratingt.  llend.  BrlL,  L  IM.  { ud 

Spec.  tSor.,  J^c.  Racemes  lateral,  numerous,  many-flow- 
ered. Corolla  cylindrical,  contracted  at  the  mouth. 
Leaves  elliptic,  coriaceous,  glabrous,  distinctly  and 
minutely  denticulated.  Flowers  decandrous.  (Don't 
Mill.')  A  low  deciduous  shrub.  North  America.  Height 
3fl.  to4il.     Introd.  1612.     Flowers  white  j  May  and 

^  la.  V.  ORAHDiFLo'ituH  WaU.     The  great-flowered 
Whortleberry. 
UTI.  r.vtaMatia     MtuOIMtni.    Wilt.I>«id.BTlt.,t.  I»r.i.;  Doii'iHUI,,3.p.U' 


610  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

EnertniMgt.     Dend.  BHt,  1. 125.  a.;   and   our  Jig.  1171.  from  a  plant  at 
Meuri.  Loddlges,  andftg.  1172.  from  Wat«on. 

Spec,  Ckar,^  ^c.  Racemes  terminal,  3 — 4rflowered.  Corollas 
cylindrical,  contracted  at  the  mouth.  Leaves  lanceolate, 
iinel}'  serrated,  attenuated  at  both  ends,  glabrous.  Flow- 
ers decandrous.  (Don*t  Mill,)  A  low  deciduous  shrub. 
North  America.  Height  1|  fl.  Introduced  in  1812. 
Flowers  white;  July  and  August.  Berries  purple;  ripe 
in  November.  int.  r.^nndtfl^nuo. 

^  16.  r.  (g.)  elonga'tum  Wats,    The  elongated  Whortleberry. 

IdetUiflcation.    WaU.  Dend.  BHt.,  t.  I2fi.  b.  ;  Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  854. 
BngraoingM.    Deud.  Brit.,  t.  125.  B. ;  and  our  fig.  1173. 

Spec,  Char^,  Sfc,  Corymbs  few-flowered,  bractless.  Pedicels 
downy.  Leaves  elliptic-lanceolate,  serrulated,  each  tif)f>ed 
by  a  glandular  hair,  and  having  a  few  hairs  on  the  nerves. 
Branchlet»  downy.  Corollas  with  reflexed  teeih.  {DniCs  ^< 
MiU.)  A  low  deciduous  shrub.  North  America.  Height 
3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1812.  Flowers  white  ;  July  and 
August.    Berries  purple  ;  ripe  in  November.  '"'•  ^'^ 

M  17.  V,  (q.)  minutiflo^rum  Wats,  The  minute  flowered  Whortleberry. 

Identificatitm.    W'ati.  Dend.  Brit.,  t  125.  c. ;  Don'*  Mill.,  8.  p.  854. 
Engraifingi.    Dend.  Brit.,  t  125.  c.  \  and  our^ii^.  1174. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  Racemes  terminal,  few-flowered.  Corollas 
cylindrical,  with  erect  teeth.  Leaves  rather  coriaceous, 
bluntly  subsserrated,  each  tipped  by  a  gland.  {DorCs 
MiiL)  A  low  deciduous  shrub.  North  America. 
Height  1  ft.  Introduced  in  1812.  Flowers  white;  July 
and  August.    Berries  purple  ;  ripe  in  November.  ""*•  ^-^-^ 

M  18.  V.  gla'brum  Wats.    The  glabrous  Whortleberry. 

Identffleation.    Wats.  Dend.  Brit.,  t  125.  d.  ;  Don*s  Mill.,  3.  p.  854. 
Engravmgt.    Dend.  Brit,  t  125.  o. ;  and  our  fig.  1175. 

Spec.  Char.y  Sfc,  Spikes  lateral.  Corollas  campanulatelv 
cylindrical.  Leaves  elliptic,  entire,  glabrous.  {DojCs  Afiil,) 
Adelicate,  beautiful,  and  perfectly  smooth  deciduous  plant. 
North  America.  Height  1ft.  Introduced  in  1812.  Flowers 
rose-coloured ;  July  and  August.  Berries  purple ;  ripe  in 
November. 


M  19.  K.  FRONDO^suM  Zr.     The  frondose  Whortleberry. 

Jdfnti/tcntion.    Lin.  Sp.,  499.;  Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  854.  ;  Lodd.  Cat.,  ed.  1836. 
SuuonymeM.     V.  gladcum  Miclu.  Fl.  Bar.  Amer.  1.  p.  231. ;  Blue  Tangles,  Amer. 
Engravmgt     Andr.  Bot.  Rep.,  t.  140. ;  and  our  fig.  1176. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c  Racemes  loose.  Bracteas  obovate, 
not  half  so  long  as  the  slender  pedicels,  which  bear 
2  small  linear  bractcoles  in  the  middle.  Leaves 
obovate-oblong,  obtuse,  entire,  smooth.  Flowers 
small,  almost  globular,  and  white.  Branchlets 
frondose  (that  is,  abounding  in  leaves),  terete, 
smooth,  and  slender.  Leaves  2  in.  to  3  in.  long, 
glaucous  beneath,  and  sprinkled  with  minute  resin- 
ous dots.  Racemes  lateral,  from  the  former  year's 
wood.  Flowers  drooping,  greenish  white,  and 
shaped  like  those  of  the  lily  of  the  valley,  but 
smaller.  Anthers  not.  prominent.  (DorCs  Mill,)  A 
low  deciduous  shrub.     New  Jersey  to  Carolina,  in  i,-e.  K.fto«i4mi« 

woods.  Height  3  ft.   Introduced  in  1761.   Flowers 
white ;  May  and  June.   Berries  blue,  globular,  eatable ;  ripe  in  October. 


XLIII.    ERlCfLCEM:    TACUlNIUU. 


J,  v./.  i  venitlum   Ait.  Hart.  Kew.  ed.  S  *ol.  ii.  p.  357. 
var.  3  lanceoUtuiii  Purth  Ft.  Aner.  Sept.  Lp.  786.- 
are  lanctolate,  and  acute  at  both  ends. 

^  20,  V.  RESiNO'siTH  AU.     The  resinous  Whortleberr, 

JdnUtficallim.    AIL  II 


.^  w™s*-  ■< 


Sprc.  Char.,  ^c.  Bficemes  leafles9,  viscid,  downy,  with  lanceolate  bracteolea 
on  the  pedicels.  Leaves  obovate-tuaceolate,  bluniish,  entire,  covered  with 
resinous  doti.  Caljx  in  5  dee|>  ovate  s^ments,  ioDger  than  the  ova- 
riutn.  Branches  round,  and  downy  when  young. 
Leaves  usuallv  IJin.  long,  hn|{ht  green  on  both 
sides,  and  rather  viscid.  Rncenies  lateral,  upon 
lust  year's  wood,  and  drooping,  (DciCt  Mill.) 
A  low  deciduous  shrub.  Canada  to  Carolina, 
in  woods  and  on  mountains. 
Height  8  ft.  Introduced  in 
1 7a2.  Flowers  greenish  yellow  i 
May  and  June.  Berries  black, 
eatable;  ripe  in  Octob.-r. 

i  V.  r,  8  ru&eiceni   Pursh  Fl,  Amer.  Sept.  i.   p.  896,, 

Curt.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  I SH8.  — Corollas  reddish. 
^  V.  r.  3  ItdiicfTu  Hursh  I.  c.  V.  parvifldrum  Andr.  Bol. 
'    Rep.  t.  125.  (our  fi^.  1178.)— Leaves  lanceolate, 

and  the  flowers  reddish  yellow. 


■    fil.    y.  ^BCTOSTA'pI! 

Uniaicatmi.    Lin.  Sp..  MO, :  Don' 
—     Ourj(f.  IlW.  tr™  tl» 


s  L.     The  Beaj's-Orape  Whortleberry, 
iq  OiB  UonloilturiJ  Soclctr'i  C>nl«i. 

^lec.  Char.,  rjc.    RHcemeB  lateral.      Bracleas  all  at  the  baseof  the  pedicels. 
Leave)  elliptic,  acute,  minutely  serrated,  hairy  beneiith.     Stamens  a.s  longns 
the  coroUi   which  is  bell-ahajied,  with  very  hair j  filaments.     Calyx  slightly 
54obed.     Young  branches  downy  on  both  side^.     Leaves  2  j  iii.  long.    Ra- 
cemes from  the  wood  of  the  preceding  \  ear,  lielow  the 
fresh   leafy  shoots,  drooping,  rather  hairy  ;  each  com- 
posed of  6 — ]0  pendulous  flowers,  of  a  dirty  white  ^ 
colour,  tinged  with  purple,      .anthers  spurred  at  the 
baae.     Corollas  bell-shaped,  hairy.  {Don'i  Mill.)     A  ^ 
InTce   deciduous  shrub.      Coai'C    of  the   Black    Sco. 
Height  8ft.  to  10ft.     Introduced  in  1800.     Rowers'^ 
white,  tinged  with  purple;  May  end   June.     Berries  > 
purple ;  ripe  in  October.  ^ 

Commonly  grown  only  as  an  ornamental  shrub,  yrt  it 

jnight  be  cultivated  lor  its  fnut,  which  is  produced  in  I 

veiT  S'^B'  abundance,  is   agreeable   to   the   taste,   and 

mokes  excellent  tarts.     All  the  garden  culture  required 

■a,  to  place  the  plants  in  sandy  peat,  or  in  peat  and  leaf  . 

mould,  kept  moist.     There  seems  to  be  a  good  deal  of 

confijaion,  in  British  gardens,  between  this  species  and  the 

folloWUgOne.  ""■   r.  JrcmUH.,!-, 


.'•  GfcL,  Ho.  B.  I  Don't  I 


ARBORETUH    ET    FRUTICETUM    BHITANNICUM. 


ma.  V.  rfrctntiphTlia  Anir.  Bol. 
Llcum  Ban.  I  V.  pkdlmimn  cauAilcii 
41(1.    BdC,  R«p..tID. -.  Bnl.  lli«..  L 


T  All.  nn.'adiisi.,*ii>]jlf-i>**-  i>wB 

J;ifc.  CAor.,  ifc.  RacemeB  lateral.  Bracteas  all  at  the  base  of  the  pedicda 
Leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  lerrulated,  amooth  on  both  sur&ces,  ejcept 
the  midrib.  Stamens  nearly  as  long  as  the  bell-shaped  corolla,  with  smooth 
ilightl;  TriDged  filamentB.     Calyx  5-lobed.     CoTollas  larger  than  those  of 


i 


^ 


C*J 


V,  ^rctastiphyloB,  pale  green,  with  a  purple  tmge :  sometiines  it  appears 


;b?: 


casus,  and  Maddre  on  the  loftiest  parts  of  the  island.  Height  6  ft.  to  10  ft. 
Introduced  in  1811.  Fbirera  pate  green,  tinged  with  purple;  June  to 
August.    Berrie*  black,  juicy,  eatable,  and  agreeably  acid ;  ripe  in  October, 


B.     Leavet  evergreen. 

a.  Flowen  racemne. 

»  23.  V.  ^K^KCKt. 

'NUM  H.  B.  el  Kunlh.     Th 

E<v«"g-     Ou,A-llM- 

nth  Mm.  Gu.  An»t.,  S.  p.  1G&  !  D 
iy«a  ■  >p«clmni  Id  Uit  Miueum  ore 

IB  Who[tlcben7. 

i^pfc.  Char.,  S/c.  Raceme»  axillary,  twice  as  long  as  the  leaves.  Flowen 
secund,  octandrous  or  decandrous.  Leaves  elliptic,  i  ~  ■  .  • 
coriaceous,  glabrous,  shining  above.  Anthers  S-homcd 
on  the  back.  Branchlets  angular,  slabrous.  Leaves 
shining  above,  9 — 10  lines  long.  Racemes  crowded 
at  the  tops  of  the  branches.  Corolla  campanulate, 
gUibrous,  reddish  white,  with  a  4— 3-paTted  limb. 
Segments  ovate,  acutisb.  Filaments  membranous, 
ciliated.  (l>on'i  MiU.)  A  low  evergreen  shrub.  South- 
em  declivity  of  Mount  Silla  de  Caraccas.  Height  2  ft. 
to  3  ft.  Introduced  in  1B25.  Flowers  reddish  white  ; 
Miiy  and  June,    Berries  ?.  ">»■  '■  l ■ 

B.  2i.  y.  TiTis  iD*"i  L.     The  Mount  Ida  Whortleberry,  or  CoiAerry. 

UntVtcatUm.    Lin.  Sa..WO.i  Ed«.  F..  t.  p.  SM.  |  D«l>>  UUI,  S.  p.  SU. 

^Itnfinai.     roll  ilia's  rObn  Cam.  EpO.  IK.  -,  llm  red  WbolUetHrrr. 

A^ainv    Bol.  C»b„  1.  1[»I.  i  Bog.  Bo«..  I.  099.  j  FL  Dm.,  L  40.  ;  Md  out  j^.  IIS4. 

^c.  Char,,  ^c.  RacemeB  terminal,  droopbg,  with  ovate  concave  bracteas, 
which  are  longer  than  the  pudiceU.  Leaves  obovste,  revolute,  minut^j 
toothed,  dotted  beneath.  Corolla  bell-shaped.  Hout  creeping,  woodv. 
Stems  ascending,  a  span  high.  Young  branches  terete,  downy.  Leaves 
like  those  of  box,  but  darker.  Flowers  pale  pink,  4-cleft,  octani£rous.  An- 
tilers  without  spurs.  Berries  blood-red,  add,  austere,  and  bitter  i  less 
palatable  than  either  the  cranberry  or  bilberry.  (Don't  MiU.)  A  diminutive 
creeping  evergreen  ibnili.     Europe,   Siberia,  and  North  America,  in  many 


XLllI.    £RICa'cE£:    rACCl'NtUM. 


61.0 


places,  moK  especially  in  barren  woods  and  heaths.     Hetfcht  6  in. ;  in  shel- 
tered places,  1  h.    Flowers  pale  pink ;  May  and  June.     Berries  blood  red  ; 
ripe  rrom  August  to  October. 
The  berries  are  scarcely  to  be  eaten  raw  :  but  they  are  nuide  Into  pies  in 

Derbyshire ;  and,  in  Sweden,  a  rob,  or  jelly,  is  made  from  them,  which  is  ei  ' 

with  all  kinds  of  roaat  meat.      In  Sweden,  this  pre- 
serve  is   also   considered   an  excellent   medicine  in 

colds,  sore  throats,  and  aU  irritations  of  the  mouth 

or  fauces.     In    Siberia,   the   berries  are  macerated,    , 

during  the  autumn  and  part  of  the  winter,  in  water ; 

and  afterwards  they  are  eaten  in  a  raw  state,  and 

fermented   aloije  with  barley   or   rye,   and   a   spirit 

distilled  from  them;  or  with  honey,  and  a  wine  pro-   < 

duced.      Sweetmeats   are  also   made   of  them  with   , 

honey  or  sugar,  which,  in  1S14,  we  found  in  frequent 

use  in  Moscow,  at  balls  and  maaqnerades.   In  Sweden   - 

and  Norway,  the  plant  Is  mid  to  be  used  in  gardens 

for  edgings,  aa  box  is  in  Cmtnl  Europe ;  and,  in 

British  gardens,  it  is  sifEetiaxi  act  n|^ied  to  Anieri- 

can  beds  and  borders,  and  in  Other  casea  wbere  the 

soil  is  peat.      From  its  cnoooth  shining  foliage,  and 

the  beauty  of  its  flowers  and  fruit,  the  latter  being 

retained  on  the  plant  for  several   months,  it  forms  s 

varied  edging  than  box,  provided  clipping  can  be  dispensed  with. 

a.  25.  K  (V.)  ffuxiFo'Liuii  Saiiib.    The  Box-leaved  Whortleberry. 

MlmliflaOflHt.     Saliib.  Ph-..  1.  i. :  Don'i  Mill..  S.  d.  SM. 


s  beautiful  and 


V  At  use.  and  I IM. 


vJ? 


^lec,  CIm.,  Ifc.     Racemes  sxillarv,  of  few  (i 

vate,  toothed  or  crenated,  smootli  on  both  surfaces. 

roundish-ovate.      Filaments  glandular.      Stigma 

capitate.     Flowers  white,  delicately  striped  with 

red.    (Don't  MiU.)     The   leaves   are,  however. 

amootn,  even,  and  not  dotted  on  the  under  side. 

Corollas  globular,  contracted  at  the  mouth,  not 
'   bell-shaped.     Stamens  10.     Anthers  spurless  at 

the  base,  discharging  their  pollen  by  lateral,  not 
by  terminal,  aper- 
*  --1.  A  hand- 
i  little  ever- 
green shrub,  in  ^ 
stature  and  gene- 
ral aspect  resem- 
1  bling  face.  Citis 
idte'a.     Western 

parts  of  Virginia,  ^^^   r.yr.itaaiiimm. 

near   Winchester 

and  theSwectbprings.  Height6in.   Introd.  1794'.  Flowers  white,  delicately 

striped  with  red,'  June.     Berries  red  ;  ripe  in  October, 

The  Myrtle- 


&t  Plum. 
Spec.  Char.,  4^.  Creeping,  quite  smooth.  Leaves  petio- 
bte,  oval,  shining,  revolute,  sparingly  and  minutely 
toothed.  Racemes  axillary,  nearly  sessile,  of  few  flowers. 
Corolla  bell-shaped,  somewhat  inflated,  minutely  5- 
toothed.     Anthers  without  dorsal  honm.    (Don't  Mill.) 


614 


ARBORETUM    ET  FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


Michaux  describes  the  berries  as  small,  globose,  crowned  by  the  calyx, 
black,  on  short  stalks.  A  low,  creeping,  evergreen  shrub.  Carolina. 
Hei(;ht6in.  Introduced  in  1812.  Flowers  pink  ;  May  to  July.  Berries 
black  ;  ripe  in  October. 

A*  27.  F.  Ni^TiDUM  Andr,     The  glossy-fcflc^rf  Whortleberry. 

JdfrUffkation.    Andr.  Bot.  Rep.,  t.  im. ;  Pursh  Fl.  Amcr.  Sept.,  1.  p.  280. ;  Don'i  Mill..  3.  p.  856. 
Engravings.    Curt.  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  1.U0. ;  And  oxirjig.  1188. 

Spec,  C/iar,,  Sfc.  Racemes  terminal,  corymbose.  Bracteas 
shorter  than  the  pedicels.  Leaves  elliptic-obovate,  acute, 
crennted,  smooth,  and  shining.  Corollas  cylindrical.  Stems 
either  erect  or  diflfuse.  Leaves  \  in.  to  1  in.  long,  paler 
and  veiny  beneath.  Pedicels,  bracteas.  and  calyx,  very 
smooth,  of  a  shining  red  or  purple  colour.  Calyx  of  5 
broad,  but  rather  shallow,  segments.  Corollas  ovate, 
oblong,  white  or  pink,  with  5  slightly  spreading  teeth,  de- 
candrous. The  branches  are  downy  on  two  opposite  sides. 
(DotCt  Jifill,)  A  decumbent  evergreen  shrub.  Carolina. 
Height  I  a.  Introduced  in  1794<.  Flowers  white  or  pink  ; 
May  and  June.    Berries  ?. 


^^^ 


■/im. 


\\%H,    r.  niltdum. 


1^  28.  V.  CRAssiFO^LiUM  Afidr,    The  thick-leaved  Whortleberry. 


Ideniifieatkm.    Andr^Bot.  Rep.,  t.  105. ;  Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.,  1.  p.S89. 
^ngravingi 
Jig.  1189. 


EMravingB.     Bot.  Rep.,  t. 


ep.,  t. 
105. ; 


Curt.  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  1152.  ;   and   our 


Don'i  MUl.,  3.  p.  safi. 


1199.  r.  crMRlfollai 


Spec,  CAar,,  ^c.  Racemes  lateral  and  terminal,  corymbose. 
Bracteas  shorter  than  the  pedicels.  Leaves  elliptic, 
crenated,  smooth,  paler  and  veiny  beneath.  Corolla  bell- 
shaped.  Stem  diffuse.  A  hairy  shrub,  requiring  some 
shelter  from  our  variable  winters  and  springs.  Leaves 
not  an  inch  long,  with  a  little  minute  pubescence  on 
the  midrib  and  |}etioles.  Flowers  5-clett,  decandrous, 
prettily  variegated  with  pink  and  white,  <irooping,  on  red 
corymiiose  stalks.  Stamens  hairy.  (Dim's  Mill.)  A 
trailing  evergreen  shrub.  Carolina.  Height  6  in.  In- 
troduced in  1787.  Flowers  pink  and  white;  May  and 
June.     Berries  ?. 

a.  29.  V,  ovaVum  Pursh,    The  o\?Xt-leaved  Whortleberry. 

Idmtffieation.    Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.,  1.  p.  290. ;  Hook,  et  Am.  In  Btrech.  Voy.,  Pt.  Bot,  p.  114.  ; 

Don't  Mill.,  a  p.  856. ;  Lodd.  Cat.,  ed.  1836. 
RngravingM.     Bot.  Reg.  1354. ;  our  ^.  I1<J0.  flrom  a  living  spcd- 

men,  and>^.  1191.  from  Bot  Reg. 

Spec,  Char.,  Sfc.  Racemes  axillary 
and  .  terminal,  bracteate,  short. 
Leaves  on  short  petioles,  oblong, 
ovate,  acute,  revolute,  serrated, 
smooth,  coriaceous.  Corolla  cylin- 
drical, campanulate.  Calyxes  acute. 
Shrub  much  branched.  Branches 
hairy,  as  well  as  the  petioles. 
{Doiis  Mi/l.)  A  beautiful  ever- 
green shrub.  Banks  of  the  Co- 
lumbia River,  and  on  the  north- 
west coast  of  America.  Height 
2  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  in  1826. 
Flower^*  pink  ;  May.  Berries  black, 
1190.  r.ovktum.       size  of  a  pea. 


liyi.   r.<nvum. 


a.  30.  y.  canadb'nse  Richards.     The  Canada  Whortleberry. 

lUntifiaitkm.    Richards  in  Franklin  1st  Joum.,  Append. ;  Don's  Mill.,  &  p.  8S6. 
Sngravtngs,    Bot.  Mag.,  t.  3446. :  and  owjlg.  1192. 


\LI1I.   £R1CACE£:    DXVCOCCUS.  fi 

■^ec.  Char.,  S[c.  Leaves  laaceolate,  acute  at  both  ends,  quite  entire,  dow 
Racemea  terminal.  Flowers  in  racemes  of  from  4  to  6  in 
each.  Style  enclosed.  Corolla  sliort,  and  csmpanulete, 
white,  tinged  with  red.  (item  much  branched.  Leaves 
often  1  in.  long.  Berries  blue  black,  ttgreeable  to  the  , 
taste.  It  may  be  readily  known  from  V,  corymbosum  by 
its  dwarf  size,  leafy  flowering  branciies,  end  campanulale 
corolla  ;  from  V.  pennsyK  jinicum  by  its  large  quite  entire 
leaves,  and  wider  mouth  to  the  corolLi ;  and  from  both 
by  ita  leuves  being  very  hwry.  A  low,  branchy,  evergreen 
shrub.  Canada.  Height  6  in.  to  I  ft.  Introduced  in  IBSi. 
Fhiwersvihite,  tinged  with  red;  May.    Berries?.  m*,  r  i.nitM.i' 

b.  FJaweri  ditpoied  m  icalt/  Tuflt,  nearly  irllUe. 
m.  31.  y.  AfvRSiNi'TES  MitAx.     The  Myr^e-like  Whortleberry. 


, 1.  Fl.  Bot.Aimr.,  l.p.  !3a.i  Pureh  Stpt..  1 ,  (..  »».  i  Don'i  MIU,  J,  , 

Eitfrvttitg.    Our  Jig,  1193.  rrom  I  Ipeclmea  iu  Sir  W-  Hookpr'l  berb4Tluin 

Spec.  CAar.,  ^c.    Flowera  in  terminal  and  lateral 

lufia.    Leavea  sessile,  oval,  mucronate,  obscurely 

serrated,  smooth  and  shining  above,  and  rather 

hairy  and  dotted  beneath.      Stem  erect,  much 

branched.     Corolla  oblong-ovate.  (Don'j  MUl.) 

Slightly  downy  branches.    Leaves  glandular  be- 
neath.    Tufts  of  flowera  aiillary,  with  purple 

Kales.     Culycine  segments  scarlet.    Stamens  10. 

A  beautiful  little  evergreen  ahnib.    Carolina  and 

Florida,  in  dry  sandy  woods.     Height  6  in.  to 

I  ft.     Introduced?.     PlowerH  purple ;  May  and 

June.    Berries  i*. 
Farietitt.  mu  r.  Mr*atm. 

■■  V.  M.  2  haceoldiut  Piin.h  Sept  1 .  p.  VOO.— Leaves  lanceolate,  acute 

Leaves  roundish-obovate. 
32.   y.  HUBiFo'suK  GraA.     The  trailing  Whortleberry. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Pedicels  axillarj',  solitary,  1-flowered,      , 
furnished  with  many  bracteas.  Leaves  evergreen,  ovate,  „ 
scutish,  quite  entire,  glabroua  on  both  surfaces,  ciliated,    a 
Stem  prostrate,  creeiiinc.    Flowers  decandrous.     An-     I 
thera   obtuse,   miitic.      Branchlets   downy.      Flowers   ■^ 
drooping.    Corollas  campanulale,  white,  often  partially 
tin^^  with  red  outside,  with  refleied  teeth.     Stigina 
capitate.     Filaments  glabrous,  flattened.  (lion'i  Mill.) 
A  creeping  evergreen  shrub.     North   Aniericn,  on  the 
Rocky  Mountains.    Height  Sin.  to  6in.  Introduced  in       "**"  '•^•••~™~^ 
1827.     Flowers  white,  tinged  with  red  i  May.     Berrv  ?  purple,  edible,  well 
flavoured  ;  ripe  in  October. 
Of  hardy  species  of  raccfnium  not  jet   introduced  seven  are  described 

D  oar  first  edition. 

Genus  XXVI 1 1. 


OXYCfrCCUS  Pm.    The  Cranbbhby.    tin.  Sj/»(.  OctiDdria  MoDogyni 

Idtmtifiaaiim.    !>«•.  8jr.,l.p.  <I9,  i  Punh  s^n..  1 .  p.  «a.  i  Dcn-i  HIU.,  1.  p.  sn. 


616  ARBORETUM    ET  FBUTICETUM  BRITANMCUH. 

DfTlwalim.    From  ohu.  ihini,  and  *djUdi,  ■  ben? ;  In  nfcmict  to  U»  ihtif  *cM  tute  el  Uie 

Gen.  Char.  Calyi  4~toothed.  Corolla  4-pBrted,  with  nearly  linear  revulate 
BegmentB.  Stameni  8,  with  conniveiit  liliunents.  Antkeri  tubular,  8-partcd. 
Bcrriet  many-seeded.  {DorCi  Mill.) 

Leavet  simple,  altemate,  exstipulate,  sub-evergreen  ;  imall.  fTowert  pro- 
iluceJ  at  the  base  of  the  sprine  brHnchlets,  in  short  gemniaceoiu  racemes  ; 
pediceUflliforniiCOTispicuouEly  brbracteate.  Berriei  red,  rarely  white,  acid. — 
Shrubs,  small,  prostrate,  creeping,  growing  in  spbagnous  morasses.  NatiTes 
of  Europe  af)d  North  America. 

t,  I.  O.  pjiLu'sTRis  Pen.     The  Marsh,  or  connKni,  Cranborj. 

t^fntiflcatwn-    Pert.  EacK.  1-p.  419.  {  DddiMUI.,  S-p.  Sfp8. 

Ifunifvi,  O.  Tulgtrli  Purit  Srvl,  1.  p.  K3.,  O.  curopK'at  NtM.  On.  Ainrr.  I.  P.  Ul-l  FtB- 
cftilum  OTjrAecat  Lin.  ^.  MO. ;  Fiicclnlum  bijctnox  Tar.  ■  oollRiUlu  UteAa.  Ft.  Bar.  Aii^r. 
I.  p.  1S».  :  r'ucInUl  paldllrli  Grr.  Emac.  UI9. ;  Oinfecuni  Cor-L  Uiit.  lU.  1.  t  I. ;  Mou- 
borilei.  HoorbiiniM,  FcnlwrTitl.   HlTlhHortt,  cr  WborUebenlel,  Cembcirtia,  fii^. ;   AInlle 


El  andn'iUm'fw)  i  or  iKMUte  [hei  ire  much  hifd  bT  I 
n.  Du.,  I.  80.  1  Eog.  Bot.,  1.  lit.  J  anil  ourj^.  JlsL 


>ofUi«Si) 


^pc.  Char.,  S[c.  Stems  fjliforni,  trailing.  Leaves  small,  ovate,  entire,  acute, 
smooth,  with  revolute  margins.  Pedicels  terminal,  l-flowered,  ofa  delicate 
pink  or  rose  colour.  Segments  of  corolla  oral.  Leaves  convex,  and  dark 
shining  green  above,  anil  glaucous  beneath.  Stems  reddish.  Pedicels 
few  together,  about  Che  tops  of  tlie  branches,  red,  slightly  hoary.    Corolla 

,  pink,  with  relleied  oblong  segments.  Stamens  with  purple  downj  filaments, 
and  yellow  anthers.  Berries  pear-shaped,  globular,  ollen  spotted,  crimson, 
of  a  peculiar  flavour,  with  a  strong  acidity,  grateful.  (Dori't  MiS.)  A  low, 
trailing,  sub-evergreen  shrub.  Europe,  Siberia,  and  North  America,  in  turfy 
mossy  bogs  6-a  the  mountains.  Height  3  in.  to  6  in.  Flowers  pink  ;  Maj 
and  June.  Fruit  crimson  ;  September,  remaining  on  during  the  winter. 
The  plant  is  readily  increased  by  laying 

sandy  soil  on  its  shoots,  at  the  distance  of 

5  or  6  inches  from  its  main  stem,  when   it 

will  send  down  roots  abundantly.     When  it 

is  to  be  grown  for  its  fruit,  a  bed  of  peat 

soil  should  be  prepared  in  an  open  airy  situ- 
ation, where  it  can  be  kept  moist ;  or  the 

margin  of  a  pond  may  be  made  choice  of, 

and  the  plants  planted  there  in  peat  soil,  in 

a  bed  encircling  the  pond,   1   or   2   inches  ' 

above  the  level  of  the  water,  and  about  I  ii. 

disljint  from  iL     The  cranberry  may  also  be  iiu.  o-pdimtk, 

grown  in  beds  of  dry  sandy  peat ;  and  it  is 

alleged  by  some  who  have  tried  this  method  in  British  gardens,  that  the  tuit 

produced,  though  smaller  in  quantity,  is  of  a  better  flavour 


t,  2.  O,  nacroca'rpus  Purik.    The  largc^ruited,  or  AKeiican,  Cranberry. 

IdnliHatHm.    Ponh  Fl.  Aintr.  fcpt.,  1.  p  WS.|  Don'.  MUI.,8.p.SW. 

St/moKijma.  racclDlum  mKToeiipuni  Au.  Hon.  A>v.  hL  I.  Tol.  J.  n.  13.  t.T.  [  r»M(aiiiiB  Ub 
pldiDnin  "F^*-  .^"w-  ".W.  (57.i  faceiiiliini  Oiii«ctiu  fi  obloDBifMlui  Mitlii.  H  Bar. 
E^ratingi.    DcDd.  BrlL,  I.  lit.  i  But.  Bfiig.,  t.  vm.  i  oui  flg.  UK.,uiioiBJIt-i^^-  ItimBai, 

Spec.  Char..  ^.  Stems  filirorm,  trailing.  Leaves  elliptic-oblong,  nearly  Bat, 
and  obiu.'ie,  distantly  sub- serrulated  on  the  margins,  glaucous  beneath,  downj 
at  the  points  when  young.  Segments  of  the  corolla  linear-lanceolate. 
Flower-bearing  branches  erect,  proliferous.  Pedicels  lateral.  Points  of 
young  leaves,  peduncles,  and  the  margins  of  the  calyx  and  bracteas,  downy. 
Berries  s^iherical,  red,  often  remaining  throughout  the  winter.  (Dim't  iS//.) 


XLIV.   iTYRACES.  Ol' 

A  trailing  shrub,  resembling  the  preceding  ^ecies, 
but  Inrger  and  more  robust.  Canada  to  Vireinia,  in 
b*^8,  principallj  on  a  sandy  soili  and  _wao  fre- 
quently found  on   high " " '" 

Introduced  in  1760. 
Flowers  pink ;  May  to 
July,  Berries  spheri- 
cal, red  or  purple  ; 
ripe  in  October,  and 
remaining  on  through- 
out the  winter. 

*  U  O.  TO.  S  /i&$  ««i.  ^ 

riegaiu     Hort,, 

racctniuin  too-  t 

crocirpum  (61. 

VBX.  Lodd.  Cat., 

has    Tari^ated  im.  n.  micmbpu. 

leaves,   and    is 

a  very  omaniental  plant  for  keeping  in  pots,  or  on  moist  rockworfc. 
The  fruit  is  used  like  that  of  the  common  cranberry ;  and  like  that  speciei 
the  plant  maybe  propagated  by  cuttings  taken  from  the  points  of  the  growii^ 
shoots,  and  planted  in  sand  under  a  band-glass  ;  or  by  layers,  or  diTision. 
This  spedes  is  more  irequently  cultivated  in  British  gardens  for  its  fruit  than 
:h«  European  cranberry ;  according  to  some,  because  the  fruit  is  larger,  and 
according  to  others,  because  the  fruit  is  not  only  larger, 
but  better  Savoured. 


iL  .■  3.  O.  ere'c 


s  PurA.     The  erect  Cranberry. 


m  Uuita,  Ft.  Bar.  Jmi 


Swi¥Htvme,     ^'■cclnliiiii ' 
£fgraHwgt.    Dead.  BH 

Spec.  Char.,  Sec.  Leaves  oval,  acuminated,  serrulated, 
and  ciliated.  Pedicels  axillary.  Corolla,  before  expan- 
sion, long  and  conical,  at  length  revolute.  Stem  erect. 
Branches  fleiuous.  Leaves  membranous,  somewhat 
huirv.  Flowers  red.  Berries  scarlet  (Watson  says 
blacK),  quite  transparent,  and  of  an  eitqui^ite  taste. 
Very  dlfTerent  in  habit  from  the  other  species.  (^Dou's 
MUi.)  An  erect  sub-evergreen  shrub.  Virginia  and 
Carolina,  on  lofly  mountains.  Height  2  ft.  Introduced 
in  1806.  Flowers  red  ;  May  and  June.  Benies  scarlet 
or  purple;  ripe  in  October. 


Order  XLIV,     STYRA'CE^. 

ObD-  Chah.  Calyx  5-toothed.  CorvUa  funnel-shaped,  usually  5 — 6-clelt ;  a'st- 
vation  valvate.  Slamem  10,  monadelphouB  at  tne  base,  ndnace  to  the  corolla. 
Chmriuni  superior,  3-celled.  Stignia  2-lobed.  Dnipe  nearly  dry,  conlainins 
a  l-celled  I — 3-seeded  nut  Albitntcn  Heshy.  Th^  superior  ovarium,  and 
more  deeply  divided  corolla,  separate  this  from  iIu\esidcriB.  (G.  Z>ob.') 

Leavei  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous;  usually  toothed,  turning 
yellow  when  dry.  Flowcri  axillary,  either  solitary  or  clustered,  with  Bcale- 
likc  bracts,  white  or  crenm-coloured. — Trees  or  shrubs,  usually  clothed  with 
;iveB  of  Asia  and  North  Air.erioi. 


6J3 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRIIANNICUM. 


Genus  I. 


iJL. 

STY'RAX  L.    The  Storax.    Lin,  Si/tt,  Decandria  Monog/nia. 

Identification.    Lin.  Gen.,  No.  fi95.!  Toum.,  t.  369. ;  Juii.  Oea,  166.  i  Gsrtn.  FnicC.,  1.  p.9M. 

t.  50. ;  Undl.  Nat  Sytt.  Bot.,  2d  edit.,  p.  228. ;  Don's  MUL,  4.  p.  4. 
fiynonymes,    Alibociller,  Fr.  \  Stomx,  Gar. 
DerivHtion,    The  word  tturax^  a|>plied  to  thli  plant  by  Theophraatus  and  Dioiooridei,  bamcrt 

alteration  of  autkirak^  the  Arabic  name  of  5.  offlclnile. 

Gen,  Char,y  S^c.  Calyx  permanent,  cainpanuliiLte,  5-toothed.  CoroUa  monope- 
talous,  funnel-shaped,  deeply  3 — 7-clefl,  but  usually  5-  or  6-cleft,  valvate  in 
aestivation.  Stamens  10,  exserted ;  filaments  monadelphous  at  the  base, 
odnate  to  the  tube  of  the  corolla.  Anthers  linear,  2-celled,  dehiscing  length- 
wise inwardly.  Ovarium  superior,  3-celled,  many-ovuled,  erect.  Style  I. 
Stigma  obsoletely  3-lobed.  Drupe  nearly  dry,  containing  a  1-celled/l— 3- 
seeded  nut.  Testa  of  seed  double ;  inner  cobwebbed,  outer  spongy.  (Don't 
Mill.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  entire  or  serrated. 
Flowers  raceinoee,  bracteate,  white  or  cream-coloured. — Low  trees  or  shrubs ; 
natives  of  Asia  or  North  America. 

They  require  a  soil  rather  light  than  otherwise,  ori  account  of  their  hair4ike 
roots  ;  and  to  be  placed  against  a  wall,  in  the  climate  of  London,  when  it  is 
intended  that  they  should  flower  freely.  In  affinity,  as  well  as  in  general  ap- 
pearance, this  genus  approaches  near  to  that  of  Hales^a  ;  and  there  is  such 
a  close  general  resemblance  among  all  the  allied  species  of  5tyrax,  that  they 
may  possibly  be  only  varieties  of  one  form.     Seeds  or  layers. 

t  A  \.  S.  OFFiciNA^LB  L.     The  officinal  Storax. 

Identification. 

^jnonymcM. 

Engravings.    Bot.  Kep.,  681. ;  Dot.  Cab.,  92S. ;  and  oury^.  ll'J9. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  clothed  with  hoary  hairs  beneath,  shining  aod 
green  above.  Racemes  simple  and  axillary,  5— 6-flo\vered, 
shorter  than  the  leaves.  Leaves  about  2  in.  long.  Flow- 
ers white.  Drupe  ovate  globose.  (^DotCs  Mill.)  A  de- 
ciduous shrub  or  low  tree.  Syria  and  the  Levant. 
Height  12  ft.  to  15ft.  aj;ainst  a  wall;  as  bushes,  in  the 
climate  of  London,  seldom  half  so  high.  Introduced  in 
1597.  Flowers  white,  resembling  those  of  the  orane, 
but  smaller ;  June  and  July.  Drupe  ovate,  greenish  ; 
ripe  in  October. 

It  well  merits  a  place  against  a  wall,  on  account  of  the 
beauty  of  its  pure  white  flowers,  and  the  great  profusion 
in  which  they  are  produced.  A  light  sandy  soil,  rich 
rather  than  poor,  suits  this  species  best ;  and  it  is  gene- 
rally propagated  by  seeds  obtained  from  the  South  of, 
France.  It  will  also  grow  by  layers,  and  by  cuttings.  Its 
rate  of  growth,  for  the  first  ten  years,  is  not  above  8  or 
9  inches  a  year. 

If  a  2.  5.  (o.)  GRANDIFO^LIUM  Ait.     The  large-leaved  Storax. 

Identification.    Alt.  Hort.  Kew.,  2.  p.  75. ;  Pursh  Sept..  2.  p.  450. :  Don't  Mill.,  4.  p.  4 
Svnonymet.    S.  otficlnMe  H'a/t.  Fl.  Carol.  I4(X  ;  S.  graiidiflOrum  Micht.  Fl.  Bur.  Amcr  2.  p  41- 
hngravingM.    Bot.  Cab.,  t.  1016. ;  Dend.  Brit.,  t.  129. ;  and  our  fig.  I'JOO. 

Spec.  Cfiar.t  ^c.  Leaves  broad,  obovate,  acuminated,  green  above,  but  clothed 
with  hoary  tomentum  beneath.  Lower  peduncles  solitary,  l-flowcred. 
Flowers  white.  (Don's  MUL)     A  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree  ;  growing  in 


Lin.  Sp.,  635. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  7.  p.  7. :  Don's  Mill.,  4.  p.  4. 
Lagomelia,  Modem  Greek ;  Sturax  kalamitet ,  Ancient  Greek 


XLIV.   5TYRAC 


:.e:  stv'hax. 


womb,  on  the  bank*  of  river'',  from  Virginiu 
lo  Georgia.  HeightBri.  to  lOll.  IntPO- 
duecd  in  1765.  Flower*  white;  June  to 
August. 

Haleaia  dfptera,  the  leave*  of  which  closely 
Tfsenible  those  of  £tyral  grandifolium,  but 
differ  from  it  in  npt  being  downy  beoeath,  is 
frequently  sold  for  it  In  the  nurseries. 


dlgn^i  coUectii 
Jjwi'.  Oar.,  4^.     Leaves  oval-lanceolate,  acute  at  both  ends, 
■urfacea,  cooihed.     Peduncles  axillury,  or  twin,  l-Bowered. 

6  to  10.    (iJon'r  Mill.) 

A     deciduous     shrub, 

bearing  a  close  resem- 
blance to  S.  officinale, 

but  smaller   in   all  its 

pans.     South  Curdina 

and  VI  r),'i  nia,  in  swamps. 

Height    3  ft.    to    4  ft. 

introduced     in     1765. 

Flowers    white  j    July 

and  August. 

In  line  seasons,  the 
Aowers  are  succeeded  by 
fruit  about  the  size  of  a  red 
currant,  or  of  the  fruit  of 
the  nettle  tn-e. 

*  4.  S.  (o.)  pultehulk'ntuk  Miekx.     The  powdery  Storax. 

UrMlificalitm.    MIchl.  Fl.  Bor.  An»r..  I.  p.  41. ;  Don'i  Mill..  4.  p.  4. 

Simomtme.    S.  ^l^riftitum  Sol.  tfdf.  t.  if^t. 

EiMrnnvl^     But.  ilmg.,  1.  M.  i  DmL  Brit.,  L.  II.  1  Iml  mrjlg.  M. 

Spec.  Chnr.,  j-c.  Leaves  almost  sessile, 
ovate  or  obovale,  obtuse,  clothed  with 
powdery  tonientum  beneath.  Flowers 
axillary,  and  nearly  terminal  bv  threes,  ' 
on  short  pedicels.  {Don',  M'itl.)  A 
deciduous  shrub,  bearing  a  close  resem- 
bUnce  to  S.  grandifolium.  VIrcinia  and 
Carolina,  in  woods.     Height  4  it.  to  6  ft. 

Introduced  in    179*.      Flowers  white;  ,^    KiMni.^:^™,. 

June  to  August. 


Order  XLV.     HALES/^'CA'^E. 

Ohd.  Char.     Ca/^J^  4-toothed.    Comtfa  eamiiamilate,  4-lobed.    Slameni  Iv  — 

16;  monadclphous  at  the  base.  anJ  adnnte  to  the  mrolla.    Oooriinn  inftTior. 

Sltfle  aiid  S^nitt  simple.      liiupc  dry,  with  Si— +  winged  uif^es,  contam- 


620 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


ing  a  2— 4-cel1ed  nut.  Cells  1 -seeded.  Albumen  fleshy. — The  infenor 
ovarium  is  sufficient  to  distinguish  this  from  all  nearly  allied  orders.  (G, 
Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  serrated  or  nearly  entire. 
Flowers  in  fascicles,  pedicellate,  drooping,  white. — Trees  or  large  shrubs, 
deciduous ;  natives  ot  North  America. 

Genus  I. 


a 


HALE'S/il  Ellis.    The  Halbsia,  or  Snowdrop  Tree.   Lm,  S^sL 

Dodedindria  Monogynia. 


Identification.    EUlt  in  Lin.  Gen^  Na  696l  ;  Don'i  Bfill.,  4.  p.  6. 
^bmonymr.    HalMe,  Fr.  and  Ger. 
Oerivaiion,    Named  by  Ellis  in 
author  of  Vegetable  Statittics 


vation.    Named  by  Ellis  in  honour  of  the  learned  and  renerable  Stephen  Hales,  D.D.  F.B.Sm 
'Sti 


Gen.  Char.,  cfr.  Corolla  monopetalous,  ventricosely  campanulate,  with  a 
4^1obed  erect  border.  Slameni  12  to  16;  filaments  combined  into  a  tube 
at  the  base,  and  adnate  to  the  corolla.  Anthers  oblong,  erect,  2-cclled,  de- 
hiscing lengthwise.  Ovarium  inferior.  Siyle  I.  Stigma  simple.  Drupe 
dry,  corticate,  oblong,  with  2 — 4>  winged  angles,  terminated  by  the  perma- 
nent style  ;  containing  a  2 — 4'-celled  putamen,  which  is  acute  at  both  eods. 
Cells  1-seeded.     Seeds  attached  to  the  bottom  of  the  cells. 

Leaves,  ^c,  as  in  the  Order.  Flowers  in  lateral  fascicles,  pedtcellace, 
drooping,  white.  —  Trees,  deciduous ;  natives  of  North  America  ;  very  hardy 
in  England  ;  thriving  best  in  peat  soil  kept  moist,  and  ripening  seeds,  from 
which,  or  from  layers,  they  are  readily  propagated. 

¥  1.  H,  TETRA^PTERA  L,    The  four-winged;^wto(/  Halesia,  or  common 

Snowdrop  TVee, 

Identification.    Lin.  Sp.,  636. ;  Ellis  in  Phil.  Trans.,  vol.  61.  p.9SI.  t.  M.  f.  A. ;  Don's  BfiU..4.  pl6. 
Synonymet.    The  Snowdrop  Tree,  Silver  Bell  Tree,  Amer. 

En^rnvmga.    Bot.  Mag.,  t.  910.  {  Bot.  Cab.,  t.  1173. ;  the  plate  in  Art.  Brit,  Itt  edit.,  toL  vi  ;  ud 
our>^«.  r204,  1205. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate->lanceolate,  acuminated,  sharply  serrated.  Pe- 
tioles glandular.  Fruit  with  4  wings.  Leaves  acuminated,  with  the  middle 
depressed.  Flowers  pure  white,  9 — 10  in  a  fascicle, 
drooping,  resembling  those  of  the  snowdrop.  The 
wood  is  hard  and  veined  ;  the  bark  is  of  a  darkish 
colour,  with  many  irregular  fissures.  (Don*s  Mill.) 
A  low  deciduous  tree.  South  Carolina,  along  the 
banks  of  rivers.  Height  15  ft.  to  30  fl.  Introduced 
in  1756.  Flowers  white ;  April  and  May.  Fruit 
brown  ;  ripe  in  October,  and  remaining  on  great  part 
of  the  winter. 

Its  flowers,  which  resemble  those  of  the  snowdrop, 
are  produced  in  great^abundance.  The  tree  is  one  of 
the  hardiest,  and,  at  t&e  same  time,  one  of  the  most 
ornamental  of  the  American  deciduous  trees.  The  rate 
of  growth,  for  the  first  five  or  six  years,  is  1 2  or  16 
inches,  or  more,  a  year  ;  and  in  ten  years  it  will  attain 
the  height  of  12  or  15  feet,  if  properly  treated  ;  but,  as 
it  is  generally  kept  too  dry,  it  is  seldom  seen  at  above 
half  this  height  at  that  age.  ft  ripens  seeds  freely  in  ,^  „  wrf-o.. 
this  country ;  from  which,  or  from  imported  seeds,  it  *  ^'^^^ 

is  readily  increased.     The  seeds  often  remain  above  a  year  in  the  ground. 


I 
( 


,    HALEE/.4  CE^  :    HALE  SIA. 


t  9.  H.  (t.)  partiflo'ra  Mickx.     The  small-dowered  Halesia,  or 
Snowdrop  Tree. 

'Unmitlhm.     Hlchi.  Fl.  Bor.  Ama.,  t.  p.  M. ;  Punb  Sf^t.,  I. 
^  &l.  i  Don'I  Mill..  4.  p.  C 

B^rarn^i.    BDt.REg..t.  »!.;  udDOIjIf.  IVt- 

Spee.  Char.,  4-f.  Leave*  ovate,  oUod^  acute,  nearl; 
entire.  Flowers  octandrous.  Fruit  clavate, 
■lightly  winged.  Leaves  downVi  glaucous  b^ 
neath.  Racemes  panicled.  Flowers  white, 
drooping.  Calycine  teeth  ovate.  (Don'i  Miil.} 
A  low  deciduous  tree.  Florida.  Height  lOtt. 
lotroduced  in  1S02.  Flowers  white  ;  May.  Hor- 
ticullund  Society's  Garden. 
Obviously  a   Beminel   variety   of  the  preceding 

■Pecies.  IBM.   iLIMpwrUln, 

I  3.  H.  Dl'pTRRA  L.  The  two-winged-^^-ut/fi  Halesia,  or  Stuncdrop  Tr 

UBUfaUim.    LIilSd.  PI.,S3S.  ;Bon-iHll1.,  4.  p.  r. 
Ea^atntfi.    Bot  Clb.,t.  Ills.)  anil  our  Jig.  laff. 

Sfec.  Ckar^  ^e.  Leaves  ovale,  acute,  serrated.  Petioles 
■luooth  and  even.  Pedicels  elongated.  Fruit  with  £ 
large  opposite  wings,  and  S  obsolete  ones.  Flowers 
octandrous.  Leaves  much  larger  than  those  of  rither 
of  the  preceding  species.  (^Don'i  MiU.)  A  low  deciduous 
tree.  Georala  and  Carolina,  in  shady  places,  on  banks 
of  rivers.  Height  10  li.  Introduced  in  1738.  Flowers 
white  i  April  and  May. 
The  leaves  of  this  species  are  broad,  resembling  thoM      ■*■"'  "-"i^ 


622 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


of  StyrtLX  grandifoliuni,  with  which,  as  it  does  not  frequently  flower  i 
young  state,  it  is  generally  confounded  in  nurseries. 


Order  XLVL    SAPOTA^CE^, 

Ord,  Char,  Calyx  regular,  persistent.  Corolla  of  as  many  lobes  as  there 
are  divisions  in  the  calyx,  rarely  double  or  triple  that  number,  deciduous. 
Stamffu  epipetalons,  distinct,  definite ;  fertile  ones  equal  in  number  to  tbe 
segments  of  the  calyx,  alternating  with  the  segments  of  the  corolla  ;  sterile 
ones,  when  present,  alternating  with  the  fertile  ones.  Ovarium  many-celled. 
Cells  l-aeeded.  Berry  many-celled,  or  only  1-ceIled  by  abortion.  Srrdt 
nucaroentaceous.  Testa  bony,  scraped  in  front.  Albumen  fleshy.  (G.  Don.) 
Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen  ;  quite 
entire,  coriaceous.  Flowers  axillary. —  Shrubs  or  low  trees ;  natives  of  Africa 
and  America.  The  genera  are  two,  and  in  British  gardens  they  require  a  wall. 

Aroa^nia,     Calyx  10-parted.     Corolla  5-cleft.     Drupe  containing  a  2—'- 

celled  nut. 
BuMB^LiA.     Calyx  and  Corolla  5-parted.    Stamens  10.  Berry  l-seeded 

Genus  I. 


[aJB 


ARGA^'NIA  Roem.  et  Schultes.    The  Argania.     lAn.  Syst.  Pentandria 

Monog^nia. 

JdenttficatioH.    Rcem.  et  Schultes  S^st.,  46. ;  Dou's  Mill.,  4.  p.  37. 
&j/nduifme$.    Sider6xylon  spindsum  Lin. ;  I'Argan,  Fr. ;  Eisenhols,  Ger 
Derivation,    From  argant  the  aboriginal  name  of  the  tree. 

Gen.  Char.,  S^c,  Calyx  5 — 10-clefl:  the  leaflets,  or  mther  scales,  roundish, 
concave,  disposed  in  a  double  series.  CoroUa  cup-shaped^  5-parted,  widi 
ovate-lanceolate  subemarginate  segments ;  having  5  petal-like  linear-subulate 
segments  adhering  to  the  base  of  the  corolla,  and  alternating  with  its 
segments.  Stamens  5,  filiform,  length  of  corolla,  and  adnate  to  its  base. 
Anthers  incumbent,  ovate,  keeled  on  the  back.  Ovarium  conical,  hairy. 
Style  glabrous,  length  of  stamens.  Stigma  simple.  Drupe  ovate,  terminatei 
by  the  style,  2 — 3-celled.  Cells  1 -seeded.  Seeds  hard,  smooth,  having  a 
longitudinal  furrow  inside.  {Dons  Mill,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  sub-ever- 
green ;  entire.  Flowers  lateral,  axillary,  scattered 
or  crowded,  sessile.  Corolla  greenish  yellow,  j 
Fruit  dotted  with  white,  size  of  a  plum,  full  of  ' 
white  milky  juice.  —  Tree  or  large  shrub,  sub- 
evergreen  ;  native  of  Morocco,  and  somewhat 
tender  in  British  gardens. 

t  A  1.  ^.  SiDERO'xYLON  Roem,  ct  Schultcs,    The 
Iron-wood  Argania. 

IdentfflcaUon.    Roem.  et  Schultea  Syst.,  4.  p.  602. ;  Don't  MilL, 

4.  p  28. 
Symmyma.    Slder6xy1on  ipinbium  Lin.  Sp.  p.  279. ;  Eleodto- 

dron  A'rgan  Rets.   Obs.  6.  p.  26.  ;    /tfiAronus   pentapb^llua 

Jaeq.  et  Soccone,  Sckousb.  Mar.  p.  89. ;  iJh&mnus  siculiu  Lin. 

hjfgt  8.  p.  227. 
Ei^ravings.    Comm.  Hort,  t.  83. ;  and  our  fig.  1208. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  An  evergreen  tree  of  middle  size, 
with  a  busby  head.  Branches  terminated  by 
strong  spines.   Leaves  lanceolate,  entire,  bluntisb, 


XLVI.    SAPOTJCE^:    BUM  E  LI  A. 


6-23 


glabrous,  paler  benealh  ;  the  iower  ones  in  fasticles.  Flowers  kternl,  and 
axillorv, scBttered  or  croutlcd, sesEile.  Corolla  greenish  yellow.  Fruit  dotted 
with  white,  size  of  a  plum,  Tiill  of  white  milky  Juice.  {Don't  Mill.)  A  low 
sab-evergreen  tree.  Morocro,  in  woods.  Ildght  13ft.  to  80ft.  against 
a  wall  ;  not  half  that  height  as  a  bush.  Introduced  in  1711.  Flowers 
greenish  yellow. 

It  will  stand  our  winters  as  a  atanderd,  but  thrives  best  when  planted 
■gainst  &  wall.    Horticultural  Sodety's  Garden. 

GtNUS   II. 


uu 


Lh.  Sj/it.  Penl&ndria  Monogyni- , 

'ip.  Lam.  inil  Hhen  ;  Ch^Hiphf  Hum  Ip.  AaU. 

Gen.  Char.,  Sfc.  Calyi  5-p8rted.  Corolla  with  a  short  tube,  and  a  S-parlijU 
limb,  furnished  with  2  scales  at  the  base  of  each  segnieut.  Staiaent  b,  in- 
serted Id  the  tube  of  the  corolla,  and  oppo>ite  its  segments,  having  an 
many  membranous  scales,  or  sterile  filuments,  alternating  with  them.  Oin- 
ritini  5-celled.  CeUt  l-oviiled.  SWgnia  simple.  lintpe  ovate,  l-«eeded. 
fierd  albuminous,  {Don't  Mill.) 

Lcavet  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  sub-evergreen  j  scattered,  entire. 
Fhweri  in  axillary  and  lateral  peduncles,  usually  l-flowered,  crowded  in 
foxcicles,  whitish. —  Trees,  in  British  gardens  shrubs;  natives  of  South 
AmoicB.  Common  soil ;  and  cuttings  of  the  young  wood  in  sand,  under  a 
hand'glaw. 


SlderhtTlnn  /jef'Aiit 

-Kt.    fl.   tOnrf.  p,  m  i  L 

■raring!.    Tut  Ktm..  1.  p.  KO.  [. 


Spiny.  Lenvea  broad-lanceolate,  blunt- 
ish,  tapering  to  the  base,  glabrous. 
Flowers  in  axillary  fascicles.  Spines 
Bububte.  Leaves  2  in.  long,  decidu- 
ous, R  little  silky  while  young. 
Flowers  greenish  white.  Segments 
of  corolla  ?tri(id  :  perhaps  from  the 
two    scales    inside    each    segment. 

g'on't  Mill.)  A  sub-everereen  shrub, 
rolina,  in   shady  woods.     Height 
Sn.  lolOfeet.     Introduced   in  1758. 
Flowers  greenish  white. 
Scarcely   injured   by   the   winter  of 
1837-8,  in  the  Horl.  Soc.  Gard.;  and 
from  this,  and  also  from  the  beauty  of 
its  foliage  and  flowers,  deserving  to  be 
much  more  generally  introduced. 


*  2.  B.  RECLiNA^A  VctU.     The  recIinate-fciBiciffrf  Bumelia, 
MiaifcaUim.    VmL  Choli.  t.B. ;  Punh  S«it.,l.  p.  IM. ;  Don'i  MlU.,*.p.  » 
tfii^^/mr.    »Uier&c)leatttniiit«.tii  Ulelit.A  Bor.Mmtr.l.f.in. 


624  ARBOHETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH   BRITANNICUM. 

XfVmniv    VBit.Choll.,  t.M.;  milourJIf.Ull. 

^c.  Char.,  S;c.  Spiny,  bushy,  diffiwelj  redinHte. 
Leaves  small,  oborate,  quite  smooth.  Flowers  in 
axillary  fascicles.  Young  branches  termitiateti  by  a 
long  spine.  Leaves  alternate,  or  in  fascicles.  Corolla 
and  st^efl  serrated.  Sterile  filaments  subulate,  entire. 
Drupe  ovate.  l^Doiit  Mill.)  A  smalt  strsiggling  shrub. 
Qeoipa,  on  the  banks  of  riven.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft. 
Introduced  in  )S06.    Flowers  small,  white  i  January, 

mi  3.  B.  te'nax  tVilld.     The  toagh-iranched  Bunelia. 

MiKum  ItJl  PL  Car.  f-  '■>*>■  i  S.  chrruphTilSdn  'il. 


Ch'ijHpbJlTijiD  ai^^almJacq.  Oit.  S.  p.L  LM.  j  C.  ^iinil 

Spec.  CAar.,  ^c.  Leaves  obovatc4aDceolate,  of  a 
rusty  silvery  colour  beneath,  silky.  Flowen  ia 
axillary  lascicles.  Branches  very  tough.  Bark 
white.  Leaves  dedduous.  Cnlycine  and  coroltinc 
segments  ovate  obtuse.  Segments  of  nectaij 
triSd,  Stamens  the  length  of  corolla.  Drape 
oval.  (Don'i  MOL)  A  low  tree,  in  Englaiid  i 
ahnib.  Carolina,  in  dry  situations.  Heufai  SOU. 
Introduced  in  1765.  Flowers  tmall,  white,  pn>- 
duced  freely  ;  July  and  August. 


Unitipcaliim.    Punh  PI.  Amet.  Sapl.,  I.  p.  lU.:  Don'l  t(III,.4.p.  ML 
&IUIWWI.      Sldn-ftiylon  Iuuglil4iliin  MIcJa.  FL  Bar.  Amtr.  1.  p.  I».  i 

S.  tlnu  IVaU.  Fl  (^r.  p.  IM: 
En£rav*nf,      Oar  Jlf-   \ti%.,   from  m    ipedniBn    In  Dr.   Llndley'l    harba- 

^ec.  Char.,  S^c.  Rather  apinose.  Branchlets  spreading, 
downy.  Leaves  oval-lanceolate,  glabrous  above,  and 
woolly  beneath,  but  not  silky.  Flowers  in  axillary  fiisci- 
cles  ;  very  nearly  allied  to  B.  tenax,  but  differs  in  the 
leaves  being  woolly  beneath,  not  silky,  often  obtuse. 
(Don'i  MiU.)  A  small  tree.  Carolina  and  Oeoigia, 
in  humid  situations  among  bushes.  Height  10  ft.  to 
ISft     Introduced  in  1806.     Flowers  grccniBb  yellow.         ,uj.  ^,„ 

T  5.  B.  OBL0Nai)>oYiA  Null.     The  oblong-leaved  Bumelit. 


£iifrnAi(.    Ourjh.  was.  Id  p.  JIM. 

Sprc.  CAar,,  ifc.  Spiny.  Leaves  smooth,  oblong,  obtuse,  deciduous.  Flows* 
conglomerate,  nearly  sessile,  very  numerous.  Scales,  or  Merile  Elamenti, 
trilid.  Tree  with  numerous  twisted  branches.  Calycioe  s^meats  onlc 
concave.  Drupe  purple.  Wood  fetid.  {Don't  Miil^  A  low  tree.  North 
America,  on  tne  Mississippi,  near  the  lead  mines  of  SL  Louts.  Hdgtil 
3  soft.  Introduced  in  1818.  Flowers  greenish  yellow,  produced 
J .  jy[y  jpj  August. 


Order  XLVII.     EBENACE^ 

Ord.  Chas.     Calyx  3- or  G-parted,  persistent.     CoroUa  dedduous,  3-  or  6- 

parted ;     stivation  imbricate.    Slamcni  definite,  efupetaloui,  6  or  IS,  Oi' 


XLVII.    £DEN-ACE£:    CIOSPY  ROS. 

more.      Onariita  n 

Stigmat  bifid  or  ti 

giiiouB.     The  double  stameng,  pendulous  ovule,    and    i 

dUlinguish  this  order.  (G.  Don.) 

Leavei  rimple,  allcmaie,  exatipulate,  deciduous ;  quite  entire,  coriaceous. 
Flotpen  axillary,  pecluncUa  solitary. 


DIOSPY'ROS  L.    The  Date  Plum.    Lia.  Sj/il.  Poljgainia  Discta. 

Iilnutflraliim.    LlD.  Ota..  No.  IIGI.  ;  DoD'l  Mill,  4.  p.  W. 

Snvnjwui.  Et^niu  OiMn. ;  Cuiu-Jiu  Tourn.  311.  ;  fliqunnlnlcr.  Fr.  i  Duulplbume.  C(T. 
Derivalitm.  Dioaituroi  (duM,  dirlne,  adiI  p«r«.  ivhnl  j  tu  n  imini!  bItvd  bf  llie  udcnti  to  (he 
AttjD3an  RnHDwell  (Lkthotp^rmuiD  offldnlle).  Ita  tppllcilloa  (o  (he  datfl  plum  pnbablv  uoae 
From  coDrCHmdiDft  thv  Gmk  punu.  wtaeit,  with  Ihe  L«la  wrui, «  pear  tree,  ta  the  frull  of  wfatch 
tbv  date  pJum  ma^  have  1i»d  (hou^hl  to  bw  ume  nt«pbLani% 
Gm.  Char^  ifc.  Flowm  polygamous.  Ccli/x  deeply  4-cleft,  sometimes  3-  or 
6-deft.  Corolla  urceolate,  4-clcft  ;  sometimex  3-  or  6-c!eft.  Malefloweri 
having  the  stamens  inserted  by  pairs  into  the  base  of  the  corolla,  twice  the 
number  of  its  segments,  with  double  or  tvin  filntnents,  and  the  ruillnicnt 
of  a  pistil.  Hennaphroditi:  fiouiert  having  fewer  and  sterile  stamens.  Ova. 
rinrn  8 — I8-celled  i  cells  t-seeded.  Berry  globose,  with  a  spieaihng  calvx 
which  i»  at  length  redexed.    (Don't  MilQ 

Lraea,m  in  the  Order.  Fluweri  white,  or  pale  yellow.  — Trees  or 
shrubs ;  natives  of  the  South  of  Europe  or  North  America.  Seeds ;  and 
the  American  kinds  in  prat;'  soil  Lept  moist. 

t   I.  D.  Lo^us  L.     The  Earnpean  Lotus,  or  cornrnon  Date  Plum. 
"        "  "       "  ■   ;  WilU.Sp,.».p.«T.j  Don-iMlll.,l.p.SI. 

It.;  GtuUncina  palailna  Timni.  ;  ItaUan  I.li'oi.i.i   Vli_   Vln^  ^ 
rnwooa.  drmnf  j  Date  of  T  " "' 


626  AHBOnETUM    ET    PRUTICETU.M    BRITANNICUM. 

Spec.  Char.,  i$r.     Leaves  oblonf^  acuminate,  downy  beneath  ;  leflTbuda  bairy 
inside.     Flowers  small,  reddish  white.    Fruit  siie  of  a  cherry,  yellow  when 
ripe,  sweet  with  astringcncy:  it  is  recommended  as  a  cure  tor  diaTrhtea. 
(^DotCt  MUl.)     A  low  tree.     Cbucosus,  the   woods  of  Hyrcanla,  and  the 
whole  coast  of  the  Caspian  Sea,  and  Mauritania.     Height  SO  ft.  to  30  ft., 
and  sometimes  much  hi^er.     Introduced  in   1596.     Flowers  reddish,  <ir 
yellowish  white  ;  July.     Fruit  yellow ;  ripe  in  October, 
The  leaves  are  of  a  beautifut  dark  glossy  green  above,  and,  when  mature, 
and  exposed  to  the  air,  assume  a  purplish  hue  beneath :  they  do  not  change 
colour  ID  autumn,  but  drop  off  Hinmltaneously  with  the  Srst  attack  of  sharp 
frost.     Ripening  its  fruit  freely  in  the  South  of  France  and  Italy,  seeds  hsre 
been  reaiiily  procured  ;  and  the  [ilanl  has  never  been  rare  in  British  collec- 
tions ;  but,  as  it  is  somewhat  tender,  there  are  few  la  ge  specimens  of  it.     It 
grows  at  the  rate  of  12  or  IH  inches  a  year,  for  the  Erst  ten  years,  especially  if 
the  soil  in  which  it  is  planted  is  free  and  loamy,  and  rich  rather  than  poor, 
t  8.  D.  virciniaNa  L.    The  Virginian  Date  Plum,  o 

angravingi.    Dtndr.  Bill..  L  IH.  i  Ihe  pkuei  In  Arb.  Bill,.  Ill  adll.  i  ud  Dui 


spec,  Ch«T.,  ^e      Leaves  ovate-oblong,  acumiDated,  glabrous,  shining  dMv^ 


XLViii.  olea'ce*.  627 

and  paler  benealh.  reticulotcly  veined.     Petioles  short  and  curved,  and,  as 
well  aa  the  hranchlets,  downy.     Leaf  buda  Rlalirovia.     Flowers  quadrifid, 
rureiy  quinquefid.   Vlovien  pale  yeWow.  (Don'i  MiU.)    A  low  tree.   United 
States.     Height  SO  fL  to  30  (t.  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London,  hut  much 
higher  in  the  United  States.    Inirod.  in  1689,    Flowcre  pale  yellow  ;  July. 
Fruit  yellow  ;  ripe  about  the  time  the  tree  drops  its  leavesi  in  November. 
The  persimon  is  readily  distinguished   from  the  European  date  plum,  bj 
its  Icares  b«ng  nearly  of  the  same  shade  of  green  on   both  surraces ;  while 
those  of  the  latter  are  of  a  dark  purplish  green  ubove,  and  much   pater,  end 
furnished  with  somewhat  of  a  pinkish  down,  beneath.     The  tcavts  of  the  per- 
simon vary  from  4  in.  to  6  in.  in  length  ;  and,  when  they  drop  off  in  the 
autumn,  they  are  often  variegated  with  black  spots.     It  is  rather  more  tender 
ihan  the  preceding  species ;  and,  to  thrive,  requires  a  peaty  or  soft  soil,  kept 
somewhat  moiEt. 


lb  FL  Anm.'SspL.  1.  p.  SeS.  1  Ddh'i  Hill..  4.  p.  SS. 
Emgr^tng.    OUF^.  131&,  ftom  a  tpKlmen  Ld  Dt.  UpdLey'i  b«rhulutD. 

^Kc.  Ckirr.,  i[c.  Leaves  oblong,  acute,  downy  beneath. 
Petioles  long.  Fruit  few-sceded.  (Doti'i  Mill.)  A  low 
tree.  Virginia,  Carolina,  and  Georgia.  Height  20  tl.  to 
soft.  Introduced  in  ISliJ,  Flowers  pale  yeilowj  July. 
Horticultural   Society's  Oardcn. 

Other  Kinds  o/hnrdt/Jiioipyroi. — There  are  several  names 
in  the  catalogues  of  Amencan  nurserymen,  and  in  IH36 
(here  were  plants  corresponding  to  these  nacnes  in  the 
Hort.  Soc.  Garden.  These  we  have  examined,  and  we  are 
perfectly  satisfied  that  ihey  are  only  alight  vHriaiione  of  D. 
virginiana,  and,  in  short,  that  this  is  the  only  North  American 
species.  D,  liicida,  D.  intermedia,  D.  dfgyna,  and  D.  „ 
strictm  are  included  in  the  above  remarks. 


Obder  XLVin.     OLEA'CE^. 

Ojio.  Chas.     Ptotoen  hermaphrodite,  sometimes  diteeiousi     Cat^x  divided, 
permanent.     Grrolla  4-cleft  ;   someumea  4~petaled.     Felalt   connected  by 


rather  valvate  in  a>Etivation  ;  sometimes  wautiiig.  Slameni  3,  alter- 
nating with  the  Ecgmcnts  or  petals.  Anliert  2-celled  ;  cells  dehiscing  length- 
wise. OmtriutN  simple,  guarded  by  no  glandular  diGk,2-celled  I  cells  £- seeded. 
OvuUt  pendulous,  collateral.  Style  simple  or  wanting.  Stigma  tnfid  or 
undivided.  Fruit  drupaceous,  baccate  or  capsular,  often  t-seeded  by  abor- 
tion. Seedi  with  dense  copious  albumen.  Eiabri/o  middle-sized,  longitudi- 
nal, BtTnight.  Coluledont  foliaeeous,  half  free.  Radicle  superior-  Plumvte 
inconspicuous. — Trees  and  shrubs,  natives  of  both  hemispheres,  and  for  the 
most  part  deciduous.  (Don'i  MiU.) 

lieacei  simple  or  compound,  opposite,  exstipulatc,  deciduous  or  evergreen  ; 
entire  or  serrated.  Flowert  racemose  or  paniclcd,  terminal  or  axillary,  wilh 
opposite  um'bracteste  pedicels. 

The  Sjfiiti%a  supplies  some  of  our  most  beautiful  deciduous  shrubs,  and  the 
(igustnim  and  i%itl^TE>  some  useful  evergreens.  Some  of  these,  as  .FVixi- 
Dus,  are  timber  trees.  All  the  species  are  remarkable  for  the  production  of 
s  white  libroua    roots,   in  dense   maascB,    near  the  surface  of  the 


628  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITAKMICUM. 

ground,  in  consequence  of  which  they  are  all  easily  transplanted. when  young, 
and  injurious  to  plants  growing  under  them  when  mil  grown.  The  genera  arc 
arranged  in  3  sections. 

Sect.  I.     Ole^in^. 

Sect,  Char.  Corolla  short,  monopetalous,  campanulate  or  urceolate,  4-cleft. 
Stamens  %,  with  short  filaments,  and  erect  anthers.  Fruit  drupaceous. 
Shrubs  with  simple  leaves,  more  or  less  coriaceoas,  and  in  some  species 
evergreen. 

LiGu'sTRUH   Toum.    Corolla  funnel-shaped.      Stamens  enclosed.      Stigma 

bifid.    Berry  globose,  containing  two  chartaceous  nuts. 
Piiilly'rea  Diosc,     Corolla  campanulate.    Stamens  a  little  exserted.  Stigma 

thickish.    Berry  globose. 
Chiona'nthus  Lin,    Calyx  4-parted.     Segments  of  corolla  linear.     Stamens 

enclosed.     Stigma  trifid.    Drupe  containing  a  striated  1-seeded  nut 

Sect.  II.    Syri'vqex, 

Sect,  Char,  Corolla  funnel-shaped  or  campanulate,  4— 5-parted.  Stamens 
2,  short.    Fruit  capsular,  2-celled.    Deciduous  shrubs.     Leaves  simple. 

SYRfNGA  Lin.  Calyx  4^toothed.  Corolla  funnel-shaped,  4-parted.  Stamens 
enclosed.  Stigma  bifid.  Capsule  2-celled,  2-valved.  Seeds  compressed, 
with  membranous  margins. 

FoNTANB^/^  Labill.  Calyx  4-parted.  Corolla  of  2  petals.  Stamens  elon- 
gated, and  stigma  bifid.    Capsule  papery,  indehiscent.    Cells  ]-«eeded. 

Sect.    III.      i^RAZINIB^A. 

Sect,  Char,  Flowers  polygamous.  Calyx  4-parted  or  wanting.  Stamens  2, 
short.  Anthers  dehiscing  externally.  Stigma  nearly  sessile,  bifid.  Fruit 
2-cclled,  compressed,  winged  at  the  top^  usually  1-seeded.  Trees  deci- 
duous, with  compound  leaves. 

Fra^xinus  Toum,    Flowers  polygamous.  .  Petals  wanting.    Samara  l-celled. 
O^RNUs  Peri,    Flowers  hermaphrodite  or  polygamous.    Petals  4.     Samara 
2-celled. 


Sect.  I.     Ole^in-K. 
Genus  I. 


Z/IGU'STRUM  Toum,    Thb  Privet.    lAn.  Sytt.  Didndria  Mooogynia. 

Idmiifiealtam.    Tourn.  Inst,  t  SG7. ;  Lin.  Gen.,  Na  9. ;  Don'i  Mill.,  4.  p.  44. 

Siinoiymet,    Troene,  Fr. ;  Ralnweidet  Ger, 

DerHHUum.    Said  to  be  from  ligOt  to  tie ;  in  refSsrenee  to  Its  flexible  bnuchet. 

Gen,  Char,  Calyx  short,  tubular,  4-toothed.  Corolla  funnel-shaped,  with  the 
tube  exceeding  the  calyx,  and  the  limb  4-parted.  Stameiu  2,  with  short 
filaments,  inserted  into  the  tube  of  the  corolla.  Style  very  short.  Stignia 
obtuse,  bifid.  Berry  globose,  containing  2 .  chartaceous  l-secded  nuts. 
Albumen  hardish.     Embryo  inverted.  (Don*t  AHH,) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  evergreen  or  deciduous ;  entire,  gla- 
brous. Flowers  terminal,  compound,  in  thyrsoid  racemes. — Shrubs  or  low 
trees  ;  natives  of  Europe  or  Asia. 

Readily  propagated  by  cuttings  in  common  soil. 


OLEa'cEX;    ilQir'STRUM. 


it  I.  L.  tuloa'bb  7\ag.    The  common  Privet. 

T™^  Htat.,  1 


Sfmanrma.    L.  garmtniciwi  Btmk.  Uiu.  4T^  I  Prim,  DT  PiUn-iHliit  i  Trotna,  Fi 


T6t. ;  BuL  Brit.  Fl.  PL,  ml.  1.  L 


rf  10  bf  Vkrgll  UK 

common  Englltli  nuiie  o 
gvdna  ID  coiKFA] jprlvii 
Eifrnniwi;    £n(I.Bat..l 

^prc.  CSor.,  ^c.  Leaves  elliptic-tanceolate,  glidirous.  Racemes  compounj, 
coarctale.  The  Bowers  are  sweet-scented,  white  at  firet,  but  Boon  change 
to  a  reddish  brown.  Berries  dark  purple,  almost  black.  (Don't  Mill.') 
A  sub-erergreea  ehnib.  Britain,  in  hedges  and  woody  wastes.  Heighten. 
to  lOft.  Flowers  white;  June  and  July.  Berries 
dark  purple ;  ripe  in  November,  remaining  od  all  the 


Variebes. 

■  L.  D.  S  fciitocdjjiinii.— Berries  white. 

•  L.P.     lanUmci'Tav.rn. — Berries  jeilow. 
ft  L.  0.  4  chloTocirpmn. — Berries  green. 

S  «  L.  D.  5  tempervireni.  L.  ilalicum  Miil..  and  our 
jfe.  1219.  ;  the  Italian,  or  evergreen.  Privet, — 
This  is  a  most  desirable  variety  for  ahriibberies  i 
aod  it  is  so  distinct,  -that  it  was  con^dered  by 
Miller  OS  a  jpecies. 

•  L.  p.   6   wmcgnfum.  —  Leaves  vari^ated   with     ""■  »-..■«»«""» 

jellow. 

•  L.V.7  anguiUfdliitm. — Leaves  narrow. 

The  leaves,  in  exposed  situalions,  and  on  poor  soils,  are  deciduous  ;  but  Id 
sheltered  situations,  and  more  especially  when  the  plant  is  cultivated  in  gardens, 
they  rcmiun  on  throughout  the  winter.  From  its  property  of  growing  under  the 
drip  of  trees,  it  forms  a  good  sub-evergreen  undergrowth,  where  the  hoi,  the 
hofiy,  or  the  common  laurel,  would  be  too  eiLpensive,  or  too  tedious  of  growth. 
The  privet  has  been  long  used  in  the  couri-yarda  of  dwelling-hotises,  for  con- 
cealing naked  walla,  and  preventing  the  eye  from  seeing  objects  or  places  which 
it  is  considered  desirable  to  conceal  from  the  view.  It  thrives  well  in  towns 
where  pit-coal  is  used  ;  and  the  best  hedges  surrounding  the  squares  of  Lon- 
don  are  of  this  shrub.  It  is  admirably  adajited  for  topiary  work,  and  in  Italian 
gardens,  in  a  British  climate,  it  forms  as  good  a  substitute  for  the  olive,  as  the 
common  laurel  does  for  the  orange.  The  privet  grows  best  in  ratbtr  a  strong 
loam,  somewhat  moist;  and  it  attains  the  largest  size  in  an  open  situation  ; 
but  it  will  grow  on  any  soil,  and  under  the  shade  and  drip  of  deciduous  trees. 
In  British  nurseries,  it  is  almost  always  raised  by  cuttings,  which  not  only  pro- 
duce iarver  plants  of  the  si>ecies  in  a  shorter  period,  but  continue  the  vaneties 
with  greater  ccrlBiutj.     When  plants  are  to  be  raised  from  seed,  the  berries 


630  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    DRITANMCUM. 

dIiouIJ  be  treated  like  liaws,  and  kept 
(liattly  after  being  ealhcred,  as,  i: 
IS  months.  As  shriibe,  privet  plants  require  very  little  pruninft ;  but,  ax  1d« 
trees,  they  must  bave  the  side  sbootJi  Trom  the  stem  carefully  rulibeil  off  when- 
ever they  appear.  Treated  as  hedges,  or  as  vcniuni  sculptures,  they  may  be 
clipped  twice  a  year,  in  June  and  Nlarch  j  and,  every  five  or  sii  years,  the  sides 
or  the  hedges  ought  to  be  severely  cut  in,  one  side  at  a  time,  so  as  to  reroore 
the  network  of  snoots,  which,  in  consequence  of  continual  clipping,  forms  on 
the  exterior  surface,  and  which,  b^  jireveoting  the  air  from  getting  to  the  main 
stems,  would  in  time  seriously  iiyiire  the  plants. 

•  ■  T  1  S.  L.  sfica'tum  Hamiil.     The  sptked^iprmf  PriTet. 

Idmlifialiim.  Bmnlll.  MSS.  rx  D.  Don  Ptod.  Fl.  Nep,  p.  107.  i  Don-i  MML,  A.  p.  U. 
XtscnijMvi.  I.,  iwptienw  Wall,  in  Au.  Fl.  Ind.  I.  p.  ]M. :  L.  Iinuotlnun  Bert.  Lamt. 
£"(r™ii[t    PL  Atlu.  Ru..  i.  p.  17.  t,  Ol.  i  and  ourA-  \t»  . 

Spec.  Char.,  i/e.  Leaves  elliptic,  acute,  hairy 
beneotlt,  as  well 
as  the  bmnchleta. 
Flowers  crowd- 
ed, almost  sessile, 
sfucate,  disposed 
in  a  thyrae,  hav- 
ing the  axis  very  . 
hairy.  Bracteaa 
minute.  (Bon'i 
Mill.)  A  sub- 
evergreen  shrub. 
Nepal,  on  moun- 
tains. Height 
6  ft.  to  8  ft.  In- 
traduced  in  1893. 
Flowers     white ; 

Varieti/. 

■  ■  L.  i^teldbnini  Hook,  in  Bot.  Mag.  t.  89!!.,  andour&.  1821.— A 

naliveof  Nepal.where  it  is  called  Goomgacha.  The  trunk  and  limbi 
are  covered  with  warts,  but  the  young  branches  are  glabrous. 
Though  commoidy  treated  as  a  green-house  plant,  there  can  be  little  doubt 
of  its  being  as  hardy  at  L.  liicidum,  the  species  to  be  ncit  described.  It 
should  be  Rrafted  on  the  common  privet  j  and,  if  planted  in  a  dry  soil  and 
rather  sheltered  situation  open  to  the  sun,  it  will  be  the  more  likely  to  make 
no  more  wood  than  what  it  can  ripen  before  winter. 

■  •  t  t  3.  Z..  Lu'ciDUM   Ail.     The  sliining-imoeJ  Privet,  or  Wax  Tnt. 

/:^rar%(-™  ''i"-Miig.,t.SJ«i';in<lou;jV™Wi.'  "  '  **' 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovatc-obiong,  acuminated,  shining  above.  Pamela 
thyrsoid,  spreading  much.  Leaves  broad.  Floweni  white.  This  tree  aflbrdi 
a  kind  of  waxy  mutter.  {Don't  Mi/I.)  A  low  sub-evcrgrecn  tree,  China. 
Height  10 fl.  to  ao ft.  IntVodiicedin  1794.  Flowers  white;  September  and 
October :  and,  as  in  the  prcL-eding  species,  not  followed  by  fruit  in  En^and. 

■  1  L.   I.   2  Joribundum    Donald's   Cat.,   Uid  our  ^.  1883.,  has  lancr 

bunches  of  flowers  than  the  ^lecies. 
A   very  handsome  low  sub-cvergretn  tree ;  or,  when  it  is  not  trained  (o  a 
■ingle  titcm,  a  largi^  sliowy  bush. 


XI.VII1.       QLEACEX:    PHILLY'REA. 


L.  Miidjaimni,  — A  plant  to  which  this  name  might  t>e 
•uitable  waa  in  the  arboretum  at  Kew  from  1823  to  the 
winter  of  183T-S,  when  it  was  lulled ;  and  there  are  also 
young  plants  of  it  in  the  Horticultural  ISociety's   Garden, 


ofoi 


:  of  which  j^.  1224.  is  a  specim 

■     '  *        Thunb.  FL  Jap.  p.  17.  t.  1.,  and  o 


•  L.  javSmcum  Thunb.  FL  Jap.  p.  17.  t.  I.,  and  our^. 
1SS5. ;  Z'.Witaliuin  yilm.;  is  a  native  of  Japan,  with  oblong- 
OTHte  grooved  leaves,  and  white  flowers,  growing  to  the 
height  of  6  or  8  feet.  —  L.  nepalcnte  has  oval-lanceolate  aer- 
rated  leaves,  anil  i«  a  very  distinct  specica.     H.  S. 

Genus  II. 


a^ 


PHILLY'REA  Toum.     Thb  Philltre*.     Uk.  Sytl.  Dtindria  Honog/nia. 
Urai^lcaltfni.    Tnirn,  1bii„  XI. ;  Un.  Gen..  tCn.  I». ;  Don'i  MIU.,  i.  p.  m. 

ollri^S^'.Fnmplma^Mir^iataamPUItra.OnTaoatrBtCblnD.wbowuchi.oteiiaUitlnt 
Gen,  Char.,  ^.  Calyx  small,  tubular,  4'toothe(l,  permanent.  Corolla  short, 
campanulHte,  rotate,  4-cleft,  deciduous.  Slamcm  a  little  exserted,  with  short 
filaments.  Style  simple.  Stigma  thickish.  Drupe  globose,  containing  a  2- 
celled  nut;  one  of  the  cell*  usually  abortive.  Seed  solitary  in  each  cell. 
Albumen  rather  farinaceous  or  fleshy.  ^Hon'i  Milt.) 

ZfOivi  simple,  opposite.  e:i stipulate,  evergrc?cn;  mostly  entire.  FIoukti 
in  axillary  racemes,  greenish  white.  Drupei  block,  globose. 
Shrubs  or  low  trees,  evergreen ;  natives  of  the  South  of  Europe,  and  of 
sotne  parts  of  Wettem  Asia.  In  British  gardens  they  have  been  in  iniltivation 
for  newly  three  centuries,  they  are  all  most  desirable  evergreen  shrubs,  on  ac- 
count of  their  shining  dark  green  leaves,  and  the  fragrance  of  their  nimicrous 
white  flowers.  They  are  propagated  by  cuttings  or  layers,  and  will  grow  in 
any  common  garden  soil.  When  raised  from  SL-cds,  the  berries  should  be  pre- 
pared io  a  ToMiel^  like  haws.  By  general  observers,  the  phillyrea  is  frequently 
confounded  with  the  alatcmut  j  but  the  species  of  that  genus  have  ibeir  leavea 


632 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


placed  alternately  on  their  branches,  whereas  in  the  phillyrea  they  are  opposi 
All  the  kinds  in  cultivation  are  nothing  more  than  varieties  of  one  species. 

«  I.  P.  ME^DiA  L.     The  intermediate,  or  lance4eaved,  PhilljTca. 

Identification.    Lin.  Sp.,  p.  10. ;  Don's  Mill.,  4.  p.  4.5. 
Siinonumes.     P.  latlfmia  var.  i  mMia  Lapeyr.  Pi.  Pyr.  p.  4. ;  P. 

/Igiutrifdiia  Mm.  Diet.  No.  4. ;  P.  Is  Vis  Tenore  SyU.  p.  a ;  /*. 

latifblia  rar.  a.  Hguatrifblia  Poll.  PL  Ver.  1.  p.  7. 
Engravifas.     Kerner,  t.  774. ;    N.  Du  Ham.,  2.  t.  27. ;  and  our 

y^.  122^ 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  lanceolate,  quite  entire, 
or  a  little  serrated  in  the  middle,  triple-nerved, 
veiny.  (^DorCt  Mill,)  An  evergreen  shrub.  South 
of  Europe.  Height  10  ft.  to  15ft.  Introduced 
in  1597.  Flowers  greenish  white;  May  and  June. 
Berries  black ;  ripe  in  October. 

Varieties, 

•  P.  »n.  2  mrgdta  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  1.  p.  11. — 

Leaves  lanceolate.  Branches  erect. 

•  P.  m.  3  btm/S&x  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  1.  p.  11. 

—Leaves  oval-oblong,  bluntish.  »m6-  p.iumm. 

m  2.  P,  (m.)  angustifo'lia  L.    The  narrow-leaved  Phillyrea. 

Identification.    Lin.  Sp.,  1.  p.  10. ;  Don**  Mill.,  4.  p.  45. 

Synonymes.    P.  obllaua  Tenore  Syll.,  p.  9. ;  P.  mddia  Tenore  FL  Neap.  3.  p.  6. 

Engravingi.    Lam.  111.  8.  3. ;  and  our  fig.  1227. 

Spec,  Cheer.,  8fc.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  quite  entire 
Branches  beset  with  elevated  dots.  Leaves  obsoletciy 
veined.  {DorCt  Mill.)  An 
evergreen  shrub.  Italy  and 
Spain.  Height  8  ft.  to  10  ft. 
Introduced  in  1597.  Flowers 
greenish  white ;  May  and  June. 

Varieties. 

•  P.  a.  2  lanceolata  Ait. 
Hort.  Kew.  i.  p.  11.  — 
Leaves  lanceolate,  and 
branches  erect 

•  P.  fl.  3  Tosviarimfolia  Ait. 
Hort.  Kewensis ;  and 
oxitfig.  1228. — Leaves 

lanceolate-subulate,  elongated.    Branches  straight. 

•  P.  ff.  4  hrachidta  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  i.  p.  11. — Leaves  oblong-lanceolate 

shorter  than  in  the  other  varieties.    Branches  divaricate. 

•  3.  P.  (m.)  ligustrifo'lia  Ait,  The  Privet-leaved  Phill/rea. 

Jdentifiealion.    Ait.  Hort.  Kew.,  I.  p.  11. ;  Don'*  Mill.,  4.  p.  45. 

Synonymes.     P.  virgkta,  WiUd.  Enum.  1.   p.  IS. ;  P.  mddia  var.  a.  WHld.  Sp. 

1.  p.  42.  ;  Phillyrea  ill.  Clu$.  Hist.  p.  52. 
Engravings.    Lob.  Icon.,  2.  p.  131. ;  and  our/(^.  1229. 

Spec.  Char,,  cj-c.     Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  subserrated  in  the 
middle,  obsoletely  veined.    Branches  erect.    {DorCs  Mill.) 
An  evergreen   shrub.      Spain  and   the  South   of  France. 
Height  10  ft.  to   15  ft.       Introduced  in  1596.       Flowers  ,^   , 
white  ;  May  and  June. 

•  4.  P.  (m.)  pe'ndula  Ait.     The  drooping-iranc^erf  PhillyTea. 

Identification.    Alt.  Hort.,  Kew.,  1.  p.  II. ;  Don's  Mill,  4.  p.  45. 
Synonyme.    P.  mddta  y  Witld.  Sp.  1.  p.  43. 
Engraving.    OvLiflg.  0000.  in  p.  OOOa 

Sjyec.  Char,,  ^c.    Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  acute,  obsoletely  serrated  at  the 
apex,  veiny.   Branches  drooping  (Do«V  J/itf.)    An  evergreen  shrub    South 


Itn.    p.  [m.)  anjcuKtlf&U*. 


IStS.    P.  «.  raniiartnifbriB. 


XLTIII.    OLEA'CEiE:    PHILLY  HEA. 

oT  Eurroe.    Height  lOft.  to  15  ft.   Inlrod.  1597.     Flowers  grei 

Hay  and  June. 

«  3.  P.  (u.)  OLE.CF0Y1A  Ait.     The  Olive-leaved  Phillyrea. 


Spec.  Chax.,  j-c.  Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  almost  entire,  obtuse, 
■larronnl  at  the  biiae,  vein)-.  Branches  erectish.  (iJon'i  Mill.) 
An  evergreen  shnib.  South  of  Europe.  Height  10  ft.  to  \b  ft. 
Introduced  in  1597.     Flowers  greenish  white  ;  May  and  June. 

■  6.  P.  (m.)  latifo'li*  X.     The  hroad-leaved 
Phillyrea. 

jviuivna.  p.  Ittinai'  «  KtiiU  fotf.  'fC  Vrr.  \.  p.  7.  i  F.  llU' 
riilia Jl  rn.  n.  'Stap.  l.a.^-,  p.  iplnlu  TVn.  %vU.  p.  9.  No. 
S.  ;  t.  lUUlilli  S  •F^»»  **■  <■"■.  1-  p.  «». 

Sper.  Cinr.,  4;o.  Leaves  ovate,  rounded  at  the  base, 
serrated,  veiny.  Young  leaves  sub^cordate  at  the 
base.  {Don'i  Mili.)  A  low  Bub-evergreen  tree; 
in  England  a  shrub.  South  of  Europe.  Hei^t 
soft,  to  soft.  Introduced  in  I59T.  Flowers 
greenish  white  ;  Muy  and  June. 

■  7.  P.  (m.)  Lf'vts  AU.     The  smooth  Phillyrea. 
Mnuifiaaiim.    Alt.  Hon.  Re*.,  I. 


fl'ttisrvj.  1 


i  our  fit.  ira*. 
Sfxc.   Char.,   He.       Uaves     *  *srf  '■ 

elliptic-oblong,  almost  en-  '"  '  '-'■'■''""'"•■ 
tire,  veiny,  blunlish  ;  an  inch  or  more  in  length,  n 
little  narrowed  at  the  base,  blunt,  and  with  a  smiiil 
niucro  at  the  point.  (Don't  JWi//.)  An  evergrem 
shrub.  South  of  Europe  and  North  of  Afriia. 
Height  10ft.  to  soft.  Introduced  in  1397. 
Flowers  greenish  while  ;  May  and  June. 
.  The  leaves  are  smoother  than  those  6f  any  other 
iiat  p."(-.)i-Mt  variety. 

m  B.  P.  (a.)  OBI.IMUA  AU.     The  oblique-Ztonrd  Phillyrea. 

I4mlfli^(ai.    Alt.  Hon.  Km,.  I.  p.  13,1  Don'i  Mil],. 

SuiJuirmii.  K  tatllllti  r  Willi.  Sp.  1.  p.  a. ;  F,  fo- 
Hlc«  IJut  Jakrb.  1.  p.  M. :  p\M\tnt.  U.  Cm.  HiiU 

Spec,  Char.,  if-c.  Leaves  Ian  ceolatc-oblong, 
serrated,  acute  at  both  ends,  veiny, 
bent  ohlinuely.  Leaves  like  those  of 
JWyricB.  (Don't  Mill.)  An  evergreen 
bhnib.  South  of  Europe.  Height  10  ft. 
to  13(1.  Introduced  in  1579.  Flowers 
greenish  while;  May  and  June. 

■  9.  P.  (n.'i  BPiNo's*  liiill.     The  spiny,  or  HoUy^eaved, 
^     '  Phillyrea. 

fmtiltathm.    MIB.  Diet.,  Vo.  I.i  Ait  HoM.  K™„  1.  p.t».- Don'iMll1.,<.    i™     „  .^ 


634 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Sgnommm.    P,  AlctfbUm  WiUd.  Enum.  I.  p.  13.;  P.  latifblia  /8  spintiu  WiUd.  Sp.  I.  p.  43.;  ? 

latif^Ua  longlfdlU  LMt  Jahrb.  1.  p.  64. ;  Pbill/rw  i.  Clus.  Hist.  p.  51. 
Engra9ings.    riak.  Phyt.,  t.  310.  t  4. ;  and  ow Jig.  1234.,  from  a  tpedmen  in  the  BritUh  MuMom. 

Spec.  Char,,  4>c.  f.eaves  ovate-oblong»  rounded  at  the  baee,  acute,  sharply 
and  cuspidately  serrated,  glabrous,  flat,  veiny.  (DotCs  Mill.)  An  evergreen 
shrub.  South  of  Europe.  H^ght  10  ft.  to  20  ft.  Introduced  in  1597. 
Flowers  greenish  white ;  May  and  June. 


Genus  III. 


m 


CHIONA'NTHUS  L.    The  Snow-Flower,  or  Frinoe  Tree,    Im.  SjfU, 

Di&ndria  Monog^nia. 

Identification^    Lin.  Gen.,  No.  21. :  Don's  Mill.,  4.  pi  00. 
Synanyme$.    Chionanthe,  Fr. ;  Schneeblume,  Ger. 

Derivation,    From  ckion,  tnow,  aud  antkot^  a  flower  ;  In  reference  to  the  tnow.vhite  Oovov  of  the 
•pecfei. 

Gen.  Char,y  S^c.  Ca/ttr  small,  4-parted,  or  4-toothed.  Corolla  withajihort 
tube  and  a  4-parted  limb ;  segments  of  the  limb  long  and  linear.  Sttfle  hardlj 
any.  SHgma  2»iobed.  Anthers  almost  sessile.  Drupe  baccate,  contairaog 
a  striated  nut.     Seeds  albuminous.  (Don*s  Mill.) 

Leaves  simple,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  opposite,  entire.  Flowers  in  ra- 
cemes, simi^le  or  compound,  terminal  or  axillary,  snow-white. — Trees  or  low 
shrubs,  natives  of  North  America. 

This  genus  differs  from  O'lea,  principally  in  the  figure  of  the  sisraents  of 
the  corolla,  and  in  its  leaves  being  deciduous.  The  only  hardy  species  is  a  shrub 
or  low  tree,  a  native  of  North  America. 

•  •  t  1.  C.  viroi'nica  L.    The  Vu-ginian  Snow-Flower,  or  Fhnge  Tree. 

Identification.    Lin.  Sp.,  p.  11. ;  Purgh  Sept.,  1.  p.  7. ;  Don't  Mill.,  4.  p.  SO. 
Svnomtme*.    Snowdrop  Tree,  Amer. ;  Arbre  de  Nelge,  Fr. :  Schneeblume,  Get 


ngravings.    Bot.  Cab.,  t.  1204. ;  the  portrait  of  a  plant  In  the  arboretum  of  Metsri.  Loddint.  to  a 
scale  of  I  in.  to  4  R. :  in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  p.  1206. ;  and  oxxtjlg.  1235.  ™-«— , 

Spec.  Char.^  S^c.  Racemes  terminal.  Pe- 
duncles 3-fIowered.  .  Flowers  pedicellate. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  glabrous,  resembling 
those  of  a  deciduous  magnolia.  Drupe 
purplish.  (Don's  Mill.)  A  fc^  deciduous 
shrub  or  low  tree.  Pennsylvania  and 
Carolina,  in  boggy  woods.  Height  10  ft. 
to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1796,  Flowers 
white ;  May  to  July. 

Varieties. 

mf  C.V.2  latifilia  Catesb.  Car.  t.  69., 
Kcm.  AbbUd,  t.  607.   C.v.  montkna 
Pursh    Sept.   1.   p.  8.  — Has  the 
leaves  oval-lanccolate,  coriaceous, 
glabrous  ;  panicles  dense ;  drupes 
oval.     CSarolina.     Introduced  in  1736. 
•  1*  C.  r.  3  angustifoUa  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  2.  vol.  i.  p.  23.  C  trifidi 
JWi^nrA.— -Has  the  leaves  lanceolate  and  glabrous.     Horticultuial 
Society's  Garden. 

A  5  C.  ».  4  mariHma  Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.  i.  p.  8.  C.  marftima  Lodd. 
Cat.  ed.  1836. —  A  native  of  North  America,  in  boggy  woods  by  the 
sea  side;  having  the  leaves  obovate-lanceolate,  membranous,  and 
pubescent ;  the  panicles  very  loose ;  and  the  drupes  elliptic. 


1235.   C 


XLVIII.    OLEA^CEiG:    SYRi' NGA. 


035 


It  requires  to  be  grown  in  moist  soil,  either  sandy  peat  or  pandy  loam,  and 
in  a  sheltered  situation.  It  may  be  propagated  by  layers  ;  but  as  seeds  are 
easily  imported  from  America,  and  as  the  plant  does  not  root  very  readily, 
that  mode  is  not  often  adopted.  It  may  also  be  propagated  by  grafting  on  the 
common  ash. 

O^LKA. — Though  most  of  the  species  of  this  genus  are  too  tender  to  stimd 
the  open  air  in  Britain,  yet  there  is  one  variety  of  the  common  olive,  obtained 
from  Nikita  in  the  Crimea,  which  has  lived 
through  the  winter  of  1837-8,  as  a  standard, 
in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  and 
O.  americana  L,  (^fig,  1236.)  has  lived 
against  a  wall  at  Messrs.  Loddiges.  This 
tree  is  the  devil-wood  of  the  Americans,  a 
native  of  the  southern  states,  as  far  north 
as  Norfolk  in  Virginia.  It  is  sometimes 
found  as  high  as  30  or  35  feet;  but  its 
ordinary  height  is  10  or  12  feet.  The  leaves 
are  4  or  5  inches  long,  of  a  shining  light 
green  ;  and  they  remain  on  two  or  three 
years.  The  flowers  are  very  small,  of  a 
pale  yellow,  and  strongly  scented ;  appear- 
ing about  the  end  of  April.  The  fruit  is 
round,  about  twice  the  size  of  the  common 
pea ;  and,  when  ripe,  of  a  purple  colour, 
approaching  to  blue.  It  ripens  in  America 
in  October,  and  remains  attached  to  the  tree  during  a  great  part  of  the  winter, 
forming  a  fine  contrast  to  the  foliage. 


Sect.  II.      SYRfNGE^. 


Genus  IV. 


r 


SYRVKGA  L.    The  Lilac.    Un.  Sytt.  Di&ndria  Monog^nia. 

JdeiUifieaiHm.    Lin.  Gen.,  No.  2S. ;  Don^s  Mill.,  4.  p.  51. 

Smtanjfme*,    LUae  Tourn.  Inst  t.  872..  Jubs.  Oen.  p.  106. «  UIm,  Fr. ;  Flleder,  Oer. :  Lilaoo.  //al. 

Derivation,  ^rom  sifinx,  the  natlTe  name  in  Barbary.  The  tube*  of  the  finest  Turklth  pipes  are 
manufactured  from  the  wood  of  this  shrub  t  and  also  firom  that  of  the  Phllad&lphus  eoroniriui, 
to  which  the  name  was  orighially  given.  Hence  the  old  Bn«iish  name  of  Pipe  Tree,  which  was 
applied  both  to  the  iliiladnphus  and  the  S^fHnga.  Lilac  is  tnm  iilac^  or  Ulagy  the  Persian  word 
for  a  flower. 

Oeru  Char.^  4tr.  Calyx  small,  4-toothed.  Corolla  funnel-shaped,  with  a  4- 
parted  limb.  Slamens  2,  enclosed.  Stigma  trifid.  Capiule  ovate,  coin- 
pressed,  2-celled,  2-valved,  S-seeded;  valves  navicular,  with  a  narrow 
dissepiment  in  the  middle.  {DotCi  Mill,) 

Jjeavet  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  ;  entire.  Flowerg  in 
thyrsoid  termmal  panicles,  oppositely  branched,  purple  or  white.  —  Shrubs 
or  low  trees ;  natives  of  Europe  or  Asift. 

Highly  valued  in  the  gardens  of  temperate  climates  for  the  beauty  and 
fragrance  of  their  flowers,  and  the  profusion  in  which  these  are  produced 
in  spring.  The  natural  mode  of  propagating  is  by  suckers,  whicn  all  the 
spedes  produce  in  abundance  ;  and  they  will  all  grow  in  any  common  soil.  All 
Ine  species  may  be  grafted  on  the  ash      (See  Gard.  Mjag,^  1840,  p.  37.) 


636 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


1.  S,  vuLGA^Ris  L.    The  common  Lilac. 


IdentifieatioH 

S$fnonpme».    Lilac  TufgftrU  G^trtn  ;  Pi 


Lin.  Sp.,  11. ;  Don*i  Mill.,  4.  p.  51. 
igftii«  G^ertn ;  Pipe 
Flieder,  G.rr. ;  Lilla,  or  Lilac  turco.  Itai. 


Privet,  or  Pipe  Tree ;   Lilaa  comman,  Fr. ;  gemeiDeff 
Engravings.    Lam.  111.,  t.  7. ;  Schmidt  Baum.,  t.  77. ;  N.  Du.  Ham.,  t.  61. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc,  Leaves  ovate-cordate,  acuminated.  (JDorCt  MUi,)  A  de- 
ciduous shrub.  Persia  and  Hungary,  on  chalky  precipices  in  the  ^erna 
valley,  and  Mount  Domoglet,  as  well  as  on  the  whole  group  of  rocks  along  the 
Danube.  Height  8  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1597.  Flowers  puqile 
or  white ;  May.    Fruit  brown  ;  ripe  in  September. 

VarieiU't. 

A  S.  V.  1  cceridea  CIus.  Hist.  i.  p.  56.,   Krause  t.  26.,  and  our^.  1238. 

—  Flowers  blue.     There  is  a  subvariety  with  the  leaves  imp^cctljr 

variegated. 
A  S.  V,  2  violdcea  Curt.  Bot.  Mag.   t.  183.,  and  our 
Jig.  1237.  —  Flowers  purple.     The  Scotch  Lilac,  so 

cidled,  because  it  was  first  recorded  in  Sutherland's 

Catalogue  of  the  Edinburgh  Botanic  Garden. 
A  8.  o.  3  Alba.  — Flowers  white.     This  variety  flowers 

earliest. 
A  S.  t).  4  6lba  mijor  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  — Flowers 

larger  than  those  of  the  previous  variety. 
!&  S.  V,  b  alba  plena.  ^.  plena  Lod.  Cat, — Flowers  double, 
iih  S  V.  6  rubra  Lodd.  Cat.  —  Flowers  red 
*  S.  V.  7  rubra  major  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836,  the  Lilas 

de  Marly  of  the  French  gardeners,  has  flowers 

lai^ger  than  the  parent  variety. 

Other  Varietiet.  A  number  of  plants  have  been  raised  from  seed  by 
Mr.  Williams  of  Pitmaston,  of  which  there  are  six  sorts,  tolerably  distinct, 
in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden.  The  French  nurserymen  are  also 
in  possession  of  some  new  seedlings  ;  but  none  of  all  that  we  have  ob- 
served are  so  well  deserving  of  culture  as  the  common  blue,  the  violet,  the 
red,  and  the  white. 

The  common  lilac  grows  to  the  height  of  20  ft.  and  upwards  in  good  free 
soil;  and,  though  it  naturally  sends  up  abundance  of  suckers  in  erery 
direction,  so  as  to  form  a  dense  mass  of  stems,  ^et,  when  these  are  cleared 
away  as  they  appear,  and  only  one  stem  left,  it 
may  be  trained  to  form  a  very  handsome  small  tree, 
beautiful  when  in  leaf,  and  preeminently  so  when 
in  flower.  The  rate  of  growth  is  considerable, 
varying,  according  to  the  soil  and  situation,  from 
18  in.  to  3  ft.  in  a  year,  for  the  first  three  or  four 
years.  The  duration  is  not^reat;  probably  between 
twenty  and  thirty  years  in  rich  soils,  and  between 
forty  and  fifty  in  such  as  are  dry  and  comparatively 
poor.  Plants  which  are  jaever  allowed  to  produce 
suckers  of  any  size,  and  in  which  the  bunches  of 
flowers  have  been  thinned  out,  ripen  seeds ;  and 
these,  according  to  Miller,  produced  plants  which 
are  true  to  their  varieties.  In  some  parts  of  Britain, 
and  various  parts  of  Germany,  it  is  mixed  with 
other  shrubs,  or  planted  alone,  to  form  garden 
hedges ;  and,  as  a  proof  of  its  hardiness,  we  may 
mention  that  there  are  hedges  of  it  by  the  road- 
sides, in  the  neighbourhood  of  Ulm  and  Augsburg, 
in  the  elevated,  and  consequently  cold,  region  of 
Bavaria.     Mixed  with  sweet  briars,  sloe  thorns,  scarlet  thorns.  Guelder  ro&e 


ItSB 


xLviii.  olea'cex:  syri'nga.  637 

it  (anas  beautiful  hedges  to  cottage  gardens,  where  there  b  abun- 

•  8.  S.  JosiKfi'^  Jacq.    Josika's  Lilac. 
.    Jhi.  In  But  Z«ll„  1831, 1. 6r.  i  Doa'i  Mill.,  4.  p.  N. 

BMrUll,.  t.StlS.;  Sac  Rsg..  L  1733:  i  BoUnlU,  t.  H.  I  utd  ourj^l.  12BD.  uul  IMO. 

Spec. Char. ,^c,  LcHvesel- 
liptic-lanceolate,  acute, 
ciliated,  wrinkled,  eIii- 
brous.on  short  petioles,  i 
whilebcncath.  Flowers 
purple.  (Doti't  Miil.) 
An  upright  deciduous 
fihruh.  Tmosyivania, 
in  ahady  places  near 
water.  He'ght  6  Ct.  to 
18- ft.  Introd.  in  1835. 
Flowers  purple  (  Haj'. 
Naked  young  wood 
puiplish  green.  "*°-  *■  '"•"■*■ 


The  Persian  Lilac. 


Hnugk^Uim.    Un.  Sp.,  Il.i  Dini'>Htll,.4.  p.  ai. 
^fnamtma.    LUac  minor  Mine*  ;  I.Utic  ptrtia  f.sn.  )  Ull 
Engrartufi.    Bol.M(i«.,t.*afi.i  MDdiHirA.  IM*. 

Spfc.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  small,  lanceolate, 
entire.  Flowers  purple.  (Don't  Miil.)  A 
dedduouE  ahnib.  Persia.  Height  4  ft.  to 
6ft.  Introduced  in  1640.  Flowers  purple; 
May  and  June. 
Farieiiei. 

»  8.  p.  2  ma  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.— 
Leaves  lanceolate,  entire.     Flowers 

■  S.  p.  3  laciniMa  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836, 
BoL  Cab.  1107.,  and  our^.  1241. 
S.  capitata  GmeL  Itin.  iii.  p.  304. 
■  "1.  f.  1., 


a  Feuiilea  de  Peral,  Ft.  —This  variety 
has  some  of  its  leaves  pinnatifidly  cut, 
and  nearly  all  of  them  cut  in  some 
manner. 
■  S.  ;i.  4  toMpJia  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836  has 
the  leaves  somewhat  hoary,  Uke  those  o( 


One  of  the  most  common,  and.  at  the  same  lime, 
one  of  the  most  ornamental,  of  our  low  deciduous 
shrubs.  It  is  Irequently  planted  in  pots,  and  forced 
BO  as  to  come  into  flower  at  Christmas.  In  Paris, 
it  is  said,  tbey  retard  the  Persian  lilacs,  by  placing 
them  in  an  icehouse  in  December,  and  keeping  them 
there  till  the  September  or  October  following,  when 
they  will  come  into  bloom  without  the  aid  of  artificial 
heat  about  Christinas.  (See  Gard.  Mag.,  vii.p.247.) 
Layers  and  suckers,  which  are  produced  in  great 
t«»-  abundance  in  any  common  garden  soil. 

•  4.  S.  RoTHoDAGB'Nsts.    The  Rouen  Lilac. 

labti  PtTt  Kuc*.  I.  p.  9. 1  Liliaum  rotlioiiuftaH  Bnokll  Ft.  icTOm  p.  IDO. 


638 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


If48.    8. 


S.  mMis  Dum.  Court.  1.   p.  709. :  Lllat  Viuin  N.  Du  Hmh.i  S.  chiotesto  H'dU.  Sp.  1.  p.  4S. 
/)on'ff  miU.  4.  p.  Al. ;  8.  tlbfrica  Horl. ;  the  Siberian  Lilac  Hoti, 
Engravings.    N.  Du  [lam.,  S.  t.  63.  ;  and  our  fig.  IM& 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate-lanceolate. 
Flowers  purple.  {DotCt  Mill.)  An  inter- 
mediate plant  between  S.  vulgaris  and  S, 
persica.  A  shrub,  from  6  ft.  to  8  fl.  high ;  a 
hybrid  between  S.  vulgaris  and  S,  persica ; 
raised  at  Rouen  by  M.  Varin,  the  director 
of  the  Botanic  Garden  there.  Introduced 
in  1795.    Flowers  purple  ;  May  and  June. 

Varietiet. 

A  S.  r.  2  Lilas  Royal  Bon  Jardm.  1636, 
has  the  flowers  more  compact  than 
the  species. 

m  S.  r.  SsaugeinaHor/. ;  Lilas  sauge,  Fr. ; 
differs  from  the  Lilas  Varin  in  having 
the  flowers  more  red  and  more  beau- 
tiful. S.  coccinea  and  iS^.  chin^nsis 
rubra  Ijodd,  Cat.  ed.  1836  appear  to 
be  identical  with  this  variety,  or  very  slightly  different. 

It  is  of  very  vigorous  growth,  and  a  most 
abundant  flowerer;  and,  in  favourable  soils 
and  situations,  it  will  attain  the  height  of  10  or 
12  feet. 


S.  Em6di  Wall.  Cat.  No.  2831.,  Don*i 
Mill.  iv.  p.  51.,  Royle  lUtut.  p.  267.  t.  65. 
f.  2.,  and  our  fig.  1244.,  has  the  leaves  ellip- 
tic-oblong, glaucous  beneath,  attenuated  at  the 
base,  and  acuminated  at  the  apex.  Branches 
warted.  Thyrse  terminal  and  panicled.  Cap- 
sules almost  cylindrical.  The  bud-scales  per- 
manent at  the  base  of  the  year's  shoots.  A 
shrub,  8  ft.  to  10  ft.  high,  native  of  Kamaon, 
towards  ^the  Himalavas,  with  purple  flowers. 
This  very  ornamental  and  desirable  plant  has 
lately  been  raised  in  the  H.  S.  Garaens  from 
seeds  received  from  the  Himalayas. 


UI4.    S.Anarfr. 


Genus  V. 

FONTAME'S/il  Labill.  The  Fontanesia.  lAn.  Sytt.  Di&ndria  Monogynis. 

Jdent(fieaiion.    Labill.  PL  Svr.,  dec.  1.  p.  9. 1. 1. ;  Don't  Mill.,  4.  p.  51. 

Derivaiion.    Named  after  Ren4  L(mieke  De$  Ftmtainet,  author  of  Ftora  AUamtiem,  S  vol*.  «o, 
Parii,  179S^,  and  seyeral  other  works. 

Gen.  Char.,  Sfc  Calyx  4— 6-parted,  permanent.  Corolla  4 — 6-parted,  de- 
ciduous. Stamens  2,  elongated.  Stigma  bifid,  hooked.  Capttde  a  2 — ^ 
winged.  2-celled,  papery,  indehiscent  samara ;  cells  l-seeded.  (Don^t  AfilL) 
Leaves  simple,  alternate,  cxstipulate,  sub-evergreen ;  lanceolate.  Fhwert 
in  axillary  racemes,  whitish  vellow.  —  Shrubs  with  the  habit  of  Phillyrea 
m^ia,  natives  of  Asia,  and  forming  a  connecting  link  between  .FVaxinie* 
and  Oleinse.     Layers,  in  common  soil. 


XLVllI.  olejlcejr:  j^a'xinus. 


6S9 


mmit  i  \  F.  />hillyreoi'dbs  Lalnll.    The  Phillyrea- 

like  Fontanesia. 

UaUifieatiom,    Labfll.  Syr^  dec.  I .  p.  9. 1. 1. ;  Don'i  Mill.,  4.  p.  61. 
Bmgrttvmgs.    Bot.  Cob.,  1. 1808. ;  and  oar  Jig,  1348. 

Spec,  Char,,  fc.  See  Gen.  Char.  A  sub-eyergreen  shrub 
or  low  tree.  Syria  between  Laodicea  and  Mount  Cafi< 
sins,  and  Sicily.  Height  10  fl.  to  14  ft.  Introduced 
in  1787.  Flowers  greenish  white,  turning  to  brownish 
yellow ;  June,  and  remaining  on  the  tree  two  or 
three  months. 

Keadily  propagated  by  layers,  by  cuttings,  or  by 
grafting  on  the  common  privet.  Grafted  standard 
high  on  the  ash,  it  would  form  a  very  handsome 
drooping-branched  tree. 


IMi.    p.  philiyreaidc*. 


Sect.  III.      i^RAXINIE^iB. 

Genus  VL 


m 


JTOA'XINUS  Toum.    The  Ash.    Lm.  Syst.  Polygamia  Dioe'cia. 

IdtniifteoHim,    Toara.  Inst.,  843. ;  Lin.  Gen.,  No.  1I€0.  ;  Don't  Hill.,  4.  p.  53. 

S^noitymei.    FrAoe,  Fr. ;  Bicbe.  Ger. ;  Frauino^lo/.  ' 

Derivatwn.  The  deiiratlon  of  .n^xinnc  glTenin  Don**  MiOer  i<,  from  pkratso,  to  enclose ;  the  uh 
having  been  formerlT  iu«d  for  making  hedge*.  Llnneas  derlTOt  It  from  pkraxis^  a  separation, 
becatue  the  wood  splits  easily.  Others  derlTe  it  from  Jrimgitur,  because  the  young  branches  are 
easily  broken ;  or  which  may  have  been  applied  Ironically,  In  allusion  to  the  extreme  toughness  of 
the  old  wood.  None  of  these  derlTatlons,  howerer,  appears  very  satis&ctory.  The  English  name 
of  Ash  may  be  derived  either  from  the  Saxon  word  test,  a  pike «  or  from  the  coloiu-  of  the  bark  of 
the  trunk  and  branchet,  which  resembles  that  of  wood  ashes. 

Gen,  Char,,  <$>c.  Flowert  polygamous.  Cafyx  none,  or  4-parted,  or  4>-toothed. 
CoroUa  none.  Stamens  2,  in  the  male  flowers.  Anthers  sessile,  or  on  short 
filaments,  dehiscing  outwardly.  Female  fiowers  the  same,  except  that  they 
have  no  stamens,  but  have  each  a  pistil  that  has  a  bifid  stigma.  Frwi, 
or  samarSyS-celled,  compressed,  winged  at  top.  CeUs  1-seeded.  \Doiis  JidW,) 
Leaves  compound,  opposite,  exstipulate,  deciduous;  unequally  pinnate. 
Flowers  in  lateral  racemes,  greenish  yellow.  Fruit,  or  samara,  2-celled, 
compressed,  winged  at  top.— Trees  ;  natives  of  Europe,  part  of  Asia,  and 
North  America. 

The  species  are  raised  from  seeds ;  and  the  varieties  chiefly  by  grafting  on 
i^Vaxinus  excelsior,  but  partly  also  fi'om  seeds.  There  is  a  great  tendency  in 
all  the  species  to  sport  into  varieties ;  and  many  of  what  are  by  botanists 
described  as  species  are,  in  our  opinion^  not  entitled  to  that  distinction. 
All  the  ashes  are  of  easy  culture  in  good  soil,  and  in  a  sheltered  situation. 
The  Buropean  ash  is  one  of  our  most  valuable  timber  trees,  as  is  the  Ame- 
rican ash  in  North  America. 

A.  Leaflets  broad,  smooth  or  setting  on  the  upper  surface.   Natives  of  Europe, 
%  I.  F,  RXCE^LSioR  L.    The  taller,  or  common.  Ash. 

Utttiifictttton,    lAn.  Sp.,  p.  1&09. ;  Don's  Mill.,  4.  p.  53. 

Spntnigmes.  F.  ap^tala  Lttm.  IlL  t.  SML  f.  1. ;  F.  rostrftta  Gius.  Fl,  Rar.  p.  874. ;  F.  O'mui  Scop, 
Cam.  Na  1M9.  {  F,  erbsa  Per$.  \  F,  crlipa  Bokj  le  Frtoe,  Fr.i  Aesche  or  Esche,  Ger.  and 
DufcA ;  Ask,  Dan.  and  Swed. ;  Frasslno,  Ital. ;  Fresno,  Span,  \  Freizo,  Port, ;  Jas,  Jasen,  or 
Jaasen,  Rtus. ;  iEse,  Sax. 

Engraving*'    Eng.  Hot.,  t.  16d2. ;  the  plates  in  Arb.  Brit,  1st.  edit.,  vol.  vi. ;  and  oar  Jig,  1246. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^e.  Leaflets  almost  sessile,  lanceolate-oblone,  acuminate,  ser- 
rated, cuneated  at  the  base.  Flowers  naked.  Samara  obliquely  emarginate 
«t  the  apex.  The  leaves  have  generally  5  pairs  of  leaflets,  but  sometimes  6. 


MO  AKBOrtETHM    ET    FRUTICEl'UM    BRITANNICUH. 

The  flowers  are  produced  in  loose  spikes,  from  the  side*  of  the  brancbo. 
Un  some  there  are  oa\y  female  flowers  ;  on  others,  hennajihrodite  one« ; 
and  on  others,  male  ones  ;  while  on  some  trees  the  flowers  are  found  in 
two  of  these  stales,  or  in  all  of  them.  (Dna'i  jWiU.)  A  Im^e  deciduous 
tree.  Europe.  Height  30ft.  to  eoft.  Flowers  greenish  yellow  ;  March 
and  April,  before  the  leaves  appear.  Samara  brown  ;  npe  in  October. 
Decaying  leiives  brown  and  yellow.     Naked  young  wood  aih  grey. 


Vatvlirt.  These  are  very  numerous;  we  shall  p've  first  thnge  which  are  sllo'cd 

to  be  vancties  by  botanists,  and  afterwards  mdicate  those  which  are  utsied 

hy  botanists  as  s|)ecics,  and  which  we  have  accordingly  kept  distinct,  bol 

which  we  are  decidedly  of  opinion  arc  nothing  more  than  varietiel. 

J  V.e.2  prndiJa  Ait,  Hort.  Kew.  ed,  8.  voL  v.  p.  475.,  Lodd.  Ol-  «■ 

IH36iFrene  Parasol,  Fr.  ;  iheplate  in  Arb.  Brit,  lat.  edit.  id.  vi, 

and   our  fg.  IB47.  —  Branches   pendulous.       Discovered,  «!»"' 

1750,  at  Gamlingay,  Cambridgeshire  ;  and  aubsc<]uently  ia  i  ■ooil 

=n  Argyllshire.  (See  Gani.  Mag.,  vol.  liv.  p.  124.) 

"      '    a  Willd.  Boimi.  p.  1050.    F.  aurea  Pert.  Eaci.  u 


5   P.  , 


eat.,  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  I83S.  —  Bark  of  the  trunk  and  branchci  jello 
and  dotted;  and  the  leaflets  aessile,  lanceolate,  unequally •emttd, 
BcuDunated,  cuneatcd  at  the  base,  and  clalirous.     It  ii  compicuoa'. 


XLVni.    OLEACEX:    f  BA  X1NU8. 


particulu'ly  id  ninler,  not  only  from 
the  yellow  colour  of  iu  bark,  but 
from  the  curved  contorted  character 
of  its  branches,  which  somewhat 
resemble  the  horns  of  an  animal. 

1  ¥.  e.  4  aicrea  ptndvla.  —  Bark  yellow, 
and  the  branches  as  pendulous,  and 
of  as  vigorous  growUi,  as  those  of 
F,  e.  pindula.    - 

1  f.e.icritpa,  F.  crisps  ittuc,  F.  atro- 
iiiieiaDeif.  Arb.X.  p.  104% — Leaves 


dark  green,  crumpled,  and  curled.  The  darkness  of  the  green  of 
the  leaves  a  remarkable;  and  this  and  their  crumpled  appearance, 
combined  with  tlie  rigid  stunted  character  of  the  whole  plant,  render 
it  a  strikingly  grotesque  object. 

J  F.  r.  6jatpidea  Willd.,  Lodd.  Oat.  ed.  1B36.  —  Bark  of  the  trunk  and 
branches  streaked  with  reddish  white. 

T  F.  e,  7  purpuraicetu  Descemet  (F,  purpilrea  Hurt.).  —  Bark  purple. 
Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

t  F.  ?•  8  argenUa  Desf.  Arb.,  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  —  Leaves  variegated 

iV.e.9  lutea.  —  Leaflets  edged  with  yellow. 

X  F.  e.  10  eroin  Pers.  Ench.  i.  p.  604. —  LeaSets  erosely  toothed. 

I  F.  f.  1 1  horiitmtdlii  Desf,  Pers.  Ench.  i.  p.  6tH,  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836. 

— Branches  spreading  horizontally. 
1  F.  €.  12  t«7TiW»fl  Best,  Pars.  Ench.  L  p.  604%,  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.— 

Branches  waned. 
t  F.  e.  13  vcmicota  pindvla.  —  Branches  warted  and  pendulous.  Hor- 

ticultural  Society's  Garden. 
^  F.  e.  14  nana  Lod.  Cat.  ed.  1836.    F.  e.  hiimilis.  and  F.  Theopfarasti 

Hort.  —  The  leaves  resemble  those  of  the  common  asli,   but  the 

leaflets  are  much  smaller  and  closer  together,  and  the  plant  seldom 

exceeds  3  n.  in  height. 
X  F.  e,  Ibfimgoia  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836._Bark  fungous>like. 
•S  F.  e.  16  eertieilidta  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.— Leaves  whorled. 
1  F.  r.  IT  ailoia  nom  Descemet. — Leaves  villous. 

Oder  Vanetia.     There  are  several  in  the  Catalogue  of  Messrs .  Loddiges, 
and  in  other  collections,  but  we  do  not  think  them  worth  enumerating. 
The  common  ash  is  one  of  the  noblest  of  our  forest  trees,  attaining  a  height 
ol  from  80  ft.  tD  100  ft.,  and  enduring  sevend  centuries.     Ko  deciduous  tree 


6+2  ARBOItETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRtTANNICUM. 

whatever,  in  cultiration  in  Britiali  plantations,  is  mnre  injiiHoua  to  pluiti 
growing  unilei  it,  from  its  numerous  fibrous  roots,  which,  rising  close  to  the 
surfiice,  exhaust  the  soil,  and  prevent  the  v^ecation  of  abnosc  eTEiy  other 
plant,  except  those  that  have  also  librauB  roots.  It  nln-ays  grows  best  in  moi, 
somewhat  calcareous  soil;  which,  though  not  ^oggy,  is  generally  Bdjoiiiiii| 
water.  Tlie  most  nrofiuble  age  for  felling  the  ash  appears  to  be  fram  80  to 
100  fears,  but  it  will  continue  pushing  from  stool*  or  from  [lollanis,  tor  sbon 
100  jears.  The  timber  of  the  asli  u  very  elastic  i  so  much  so,  that  ijuitt 
of  this  timber  will  bear  more  before  it  breaks  than  one  of  that  of  any  oiber 
tree  indigenous  to  Europe.  It  weighs,  per  cubic  foot,  64  lb.  9  oz.  nhengreca, 
and  49  lb.  B  oz.  ivben  dry.  The  vHlue  of  the  timber  is  increased  by  the  n[H- 
dlty  of  its  growth ;  and,  as  in  the  case  of  the  sweet  chestnut,  the  wood  of 
young  trees  is  more  esteemed  than  that  of  old  ones.  Since  the  use  of  iron 
became  so  general  in  the  manufacture  of  instruments  and  machines,  the  vsIlw 
of  the  ash  is  somewhat  diminished,  at  least  in  Britain;  it  still,  however,  nn^ 
neit  in  value  to  that  of  the  oak,  and  is  held  even  to  surpass  it  for  lorDe  pur- 
poses. It  is  much  in  use  by  the  coachmakcr.  the  wheelwright,  and  the  msou- 
taclurer  of  agricultural  implements.  It  is  highly  valued  for  kitchen  tables  aod 
steps  of  Btau^  as  it  may  be  scoured  belter  than  any  other  wood,  and  ii  not 
so  liable  to  run  splinters  into  the  scourer's  Rngers.  Young  aiih  is  particulatty 
valuable  for  hop-poles,  hoops,  crates,  handles  to  baskets,  rods  for  training  plsnts, 
forming  bowers,  for  light  hurdles,  and  for  wattling  fences  ;  and  also  for  wilk- 
ingsticks.  The  species  is  always  propagated  by  seeds,  and  the  vorietin  by 
grafting.  The  samaras,  or  keys,  are  generally  ripe  in  October;  when  they 
should  be  gathered,  and  token  to  the  rotting-ground,  where  they  should  k 
mixed  with  light  sandy  earth,  and  laid  in  a  heap  of  a  flat  form,  not  more  duo 
loin,  thick,  in  order  to  prevent  them  from  heating.  Here  they  ahoukl  be 
turned  over  several  times  in  the  course  of  the  winter;  and  in  February  they 
may  be  removed,  freed  from  the  sand  by  sifting,  and  sown  in  beds  in  any  wA^ 
dling  soil.  The  richness  or  quality  of  the  soil  is  of  little  consequence ;  but  it 
should  be  well  broken  by  the  rake,  and  the  situation  should  be  open,  to  pre- 
vent the  plants  from  being  drawn  up  too  slender.  The  seeds  may  be  depontol 
at  the  distance  of  half  an  inch  every  way,  and  covered  n  quarter  of  an  inch 
with  soil.     Sown  in  February  they  will  come  up  in  May  or  June. 

S  2.  F.  (e.)  hbtkropht'lla  FoU.     The  verious-leaTed  Ash. 

OnitifiaiaaH.    Vital  BDmB.,  1.  u.  ES. ;  Don'il 


_,  ._  ....  .._      .     llmpllcH 

gicflWta  Borl.  1  K  r>o«.lor  »  dli« 

Did.  a. J'SMJ".  ci  "ti™>'l»t(rTol 
phflU  Dn. ;  F.  bUngtiltiiM  ud  direr. 

Engrmiiigi.  '  Bng.  Dot.,  t  i*K. ;  Ihg 
plUii  of  Ihll  Im  Id  Arb.    Bill.,  lU 

Spfc,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  simple 
or  trifoliate,  dentately  ser- 
rated. Samara  oblong-lance- 
olate. 1  in.  long,  obtuse  and. 
emarginate  at  the  apex. 
Leaves  usually  simple,  but 
sometimes  with  3  or  5  leaflets 
3—4  in.  long,  ovale,  sub- 
base  and  apex.  Branches 
dotted.  Buds  black.  {Don', 
Atiil.^  A  tree,  attaining  nearly 
the  some  dimensionii  as  the 
common  ash,  and  without 
doubt  only  a  varietv  of  it. 


j  p.  monoph^la  Df^.  Jri.  I. 


ZI.TIII.   OLiA^CRX:   FRA'xisva. 


S  F.  (e.)  h.  2  variegdta.  (J!g.  1S4S.) — Leaves  variegated ;  diaeovered  ii 
1B30,  at  Eglantine,  near  Hillsborough  io, 
tbe  count;  of  Down,  in  Ireland. 


UnuMeaUim.    Bub.  H 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaflets  sessile,  lanceolate,  remotely 
denticulated.  Samarai  in  3—4  pairs,  from  l}in. 
to  Sin.  long,  lanceolate,  entire  at  the  apex  and 
acute,  obtuse  at  the  base.  Branchlets  green, 
dotted  with  nhile.  Buds  brown.  Peduncle* 
below  the  leaves,  solitary,  S  in.  long.  Flowere 
naked.  {Don' $  Mill.)  A  tree.  Spain.  Height 
30ft.  to  50ft.  Introduced  ?  in  1815.  Flowers 
e.    Hort  Soc.  Garden,  and  Lod. 


B.  Leafiett  imaJl,  tmoolh  or  ihirang  aboBc,     XoHva  of  Ihe  Soulh  of  Ettrope, 
the  North  of  Africa,  or  the  Wett  of  Alia. 

3  4.  P.  PAsviFo'Lii  WiUd.    The  small-leftTed  Ash. 

kUSpL,  l.p.  IIOI.i  Tenon  Sfll,  p.  ».  No.  S. ;  Don-i  MIIU 1  p.  M. 


644  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

Emgnnlt^i.    WUld.  B«rl.  Bmumi.,  p.  IM.  1. 1. 1 1  i  OiB  plu*  in  Arb.  BrIL,  M,  X 


Sptf.  Char.,  S!c.     LMfleW  5-7  pairs,  BessUe,  roundish  OTate  and  oblonf,  ^ 
tenuBted  at  the  base  ;  quite  entire  at  the  base,  but  sharply  aerrated  at  at 

apex,  mucrorate.  Flowers  naked.  Branches  purplish,  trigonal  at  tSe  too. 
(W.JWK.)  A  deciduous  tree.  Levant.  Height  30  ft.  to  40  ft.  Introd. 
1829.  Flowers  greenish  jellow ;  April  and  May.  Samara  smalla  tta 
those  of  the  common  ash  j  ripe  in  October.     Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  and  Lot 

I  5.  F.  (p.)  argb'ntea  I^.     The  silveryJeooed  Ash. 

MrjiMcatiOH,    Loll.  Ft  Gull.,  ear.  J  Don'i  Mill,*.  p.M. 

Enfrathig.    Oar  Jig.  9if».ii,f.  was- 

Spec.  Char..  *<■.     Leaves  with  usually  3  pairs  of  rather  coriaceous,  elliptic, 

ovate,  shortly  cuspidate,  bluntly  toothed  leaflets,  on  short  peCiolule*.  LraTti 

silvery  grey,  (DonU  MM.)     A  deciduous  tree. 

Corsica,  in  the  fissures  of  rocks.     Height  30  It, 

to  40  ft.  Introduced  in  1S35.   Flowers  greenish 

yellow ;  April  and  May. 

This  variety  must  not  be  confounded  with  F, 
e,  taiiis  ai^enteis,  which  \a  merely  a  variegation 
of  the  common  aah  {F.  excelsior). 

I  6.  F.  (p.)  oxyca'bpa  Wm.    The  sharp-fniited 
Ash. 

Idtnlifialiim.    WIIW.  SB.,4.p.  lIM.i  Don'i  Hfll., <.  p.  B5. 
Sgru«ymei.    F.  oxJfili\U  BUi.  Fl.  TVimr.  9.  p.  4M.  i  P.O-ran 

Eiitmlnt-    Our^.  lUl.  ftom  (  UvLiik  iiB-clmeo, 

Sptc.  Char.,  Sic  Leaflets  S— 3  pairs,  almost 
sessile,  lanceolate,  acuminated,  serrated,  gla- 
brous. Flowers  naked.  Samara  lanceolate, 
attenuated  at  both  ends,  mucronate.  Branchleta 
peen,  with  white  dots.     Buds  brown.  (Don't  ,„ 


xLvni.  olejlcex:  fra'xiuvs.  645 

Mil.)     A  deciduous  tree.     Caucasm.     Height  30  ft.  to  40  ft.    Introduced 

in  1815.    Flowers  greeniah  jrellow  ;  May. 

or  all  the  varieties  or  the  small-leaved  ash,  thb  appears  to  us  to  be  the 
most  beautiful.  The  leaves  are  of  a  dark  glossy  green,  and  are  produced  in 
tufts  at  the  ends  of  the  branches. 

I  7.  F.  pa'llid*  Bate.     The  pale-Aantftf  Aeh, 
Unit^bxtlom.    Bom  ei  apnog.  SjW,  1.  p.  SB.  1  Don't  Mill.,  4.  p.  M, 

Spec.  Char.,  cjc.  Leaves  with  3  pairs  of  glabrous,  almost  sessile,  ovate-lan- 
ceolate, toothed  leaflets.  Branches  yellow.  (Don't  MiU.)  In  Don's  MSlcr 
this  kind  is  stated  to  be  a  native  of  North  America ;  but  in  the  Horticul- 
tural Society's  Gaiden,  and  in  the  arboretum  of  Messrs.  loddiges,  the 
plants  to  which  this  name  ia  affiled  obviously  belong  to  F,  excelsior. 

t  8.  F.  iENTisciFo'LiA  De^.    The  Lentiscus-leaved  Ash. 

Idm^fUaliBit.    Dnf.  CiL  Hoit  Piir.,j>.  K, ;  Wllld.  5p.,  p.  ItOI 

^nimgmtt.  F.  famiriicirMII  Vaht  Bimm.  I.  p.  M.,  Datfi  MM,  4.  P.M.:  J'.  pvrlfUU  },am 
Bid.  I.  D.  5*1.  ;  F.  alcppfauu  Wii*.  Pltgl.  ISS.  f.  4.  r         •         r— 

Ik.  PI]jt.,  1S9.  r.  4. ;  [he  plu*  of  tU>  ipvlet  In  Arb.  DiH..  In  tdH.,  ic*.  iri. )  wirl 


Sjiec.  CAarac,  4^c. 
Leaflets  petio- 
kate,  oblong  and 
lanceolate,  sharp- 
ly  serrated,    the 


pairs  BECOTiling 
to  Vahli  8—7 
pairs  according 
to  Willd.  i  J  in. 
long,  terminal 
one  sDialler  than 
the  lateral  ones. 
Branches  dark 
purple.  Buds 
brown.  Flowers 
naked.  Samara 
narrow,  gradually 
widening  to  the 
Bpes,  and  reiuse 
there.  (Don't 
MUl.)  A  decidu- 
ous tree.  Aleppo. 
Height  30  ft.  to 
50ft.    Introduced  in  1710.     Flowers 

t   F.  I.  2  pindula  has  slender  pendulous  branches,  and  forma  a  very 
elegant  tree.     Introduced  in  1833.     Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  and  Lod. 

C.  Leavei  and  LeafieU  large,  glauana,  and  dovmy  beneath.    AWmw*  erclutivelv 
of  North  Ainenca  ;  and,  in  Britian,  ddefiy  to  he  contidend  at  omavtattal 

From  carefully  observing  all  the  kinds  of  American  ash  in  the  Horticul- 
tural Society's  Garden,  and  in  the  arboretum  of  Messrs.  Loddiges,  we  are 
convinced  tbey  are  all  variations  of  one  and  the  same  species.  The  most  dis- 
tinct of  these,  as  for  as  remecta  the  leaves,  appear  to  be  F.  a.  pub^scens 
Had  F.  a.  ^uglandifdha ;  and,  as  6>r  as  respects  the  shoots,  F.  a.  quadrangu- 


616  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUU. 

Uta.  Seeds  of  the  eight  following  kinds  are  annually  imported  from  America 
^  the  London  eeedamen,  and  the  plants,  in  generti, .  come  up  toienbly  true. 
Thii  ma;  alK>  be  said  of  some  of  the  varietieti  of  which  we  have  onl;  pren 
the  names. 

¥  9.  F.  AMBniCA^A  WUId.    The  American  Asb. 

UaUekMUm.    WUU,Sp.,4.p.lim.i  MIcfax.N.ADHr.  SiL.S.p.». 

%»■««(.  f.  MuHqtU  £«„  Itm'iUiU.  1.  P.5&.  Fmnk  Strtr  F- *- i  7.  dimsr  MmtLi 
-"—  »  -|L  (TWD  Alh,  AmiT. 

._^.    MkbL  N.  Amer.  Bil.,1.  t.  118.)  tbt  pliU  of  thli  ipadea  In  AiIl  Bill.  laoUUi 

mijigi.  Uti.  ud  lUO. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.    Leaflet*  7,  petioUCc,  oblong,  acuminate, ahbii^  aboTe,quile 
entire,  glaucous  beneath.     Flow  erg  calyculate,  (Don'f  3fiU)    A  deciduoni 
tree.  Ouutda  to  Carolina,  in  woods. 
Hd^t  60  ft.  to  80  ft.  Introduced  in 
1723.      Flowers   greenish  yellow; 
May.     Samaras  rarely  produced. 

t  F.  a.  a  laH/SSa   has   broader 

leaves     than     the     species. 

Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  in  1635. 
Early  iu  spring,  the  leaflets  are 
covered  with.a  light  down,  which  gra- 
dually disappears,  till,  at  the  approach 
of  summer,  they  are  perfectly  smooth, 
of  a  light  green  colour  above,  and 
whitish  beneath.  This  diflerence  in 
the  colour  of  the  siufaces  of  the 
leafiets  is  peculiar  to  this  species ; 
and  hence  it  has  been  named  F.  dis- 
color. It  ia  also  called  the  white  ash 
from  the  colour  of  its  bark,  by  which 
it  is  easily  distinguished,  in  America, 
from  the  other  sorts  indigenous  there. 
In  Britain,  all  sorts  of  American  ash 
are  readily  known  from  Frixinus 
exc£lsiar,by  their  lighter  bark,  and  by 

the  paler  green  of  their  leaves.  lu*.  r.  ■»*im, 

I   10.  F.(a.)  pudb'scbns  tVaU.     The  downy  Ash. 

UnUificaUim.    Will.  Fl.  Car.p.SN.i  Pnnh  Gnl.,  l.p.S.  :  Dan'i  HIU..  4.  p.Sft 

Sin^mima.    P.nlir.  D«i«m  flart*.  ad.  1.  lal.  1.  p.sSs.  i  P.ububOmHSim.S.  Aiit.S^^ 

P.M.i  r*IA.h,T)Udi,Ath..l»Kr. 
£afr»Alf>.    Ilkhi.  N.  Anu.  9fL,  S,  I.  lltf. ;  ud  oivA.  1>M. 


XLViii.  Olea'ce*:  fra'xinub.  647 

^c.  Oar.,  ^c.     Leaflets  3 — 4  pairs,  petio- 
late,   elUptiC'Ovate,    serrated,    down^   or 
tomentose  benesth,  as  veil  as  the  petioles 
and  bniDches.    Flowers  colyculate.     Ra- 
cemes rather  compound.    Calyx  campanu- 
late.     Samara  narrow,  lanceolate,  obtuse, 
with   a   short   mucro   at  the  apex,  2  in. 
loiw.      Stamens  2 — 3 — t.    (Ddb'j  Miil.) 
A  ifedduous  tree.  North  America.  Height 
soft.  Introduced  in  1811.  Flowers  green- 
ish yellow;  May.  ^ 
Though  Michaux  has  described  the  leaflets 
as  denticulated,  yet  in  his  figure,  of  which 
J^.  1256.  is  a  reduced  copy,  they  are  per- 
fectly entire,  as  they  are  for  the  most  part  ID 
the  Uving  plants  at  Messrs.  Loddige*. 
raiietia. 

Y  P.  (fl.)  p.  2  lottg^Sa  Willd.  Sp.  i?. 
p.  1 103.,  Pursb  F1.  Amer.  Sept.  i. 
p.  9.,  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1636;  F. 
pennsylv4nica    JKarA.  ;    has    the 

l<aJ1ets    ovate-lanceolate,    attenu.  '*"■  '■<'■'  r""«™. 

Htcd,  somewhat  serrated. 
I  F.  (a.)  p.  3  /atima  Willd.,  Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.  i.  p.  9.,  has  the 

leaflets  ovate,  t>road. 
5  F.  (a.)  p.  4  mbpubitcrm    Pers.  Ench.  iu  p.  605.  Pursh  FI.  Amer. 
Sept.  i.  p.  9. ;  ?  F.  BuhviUdEa  Boic ;  has  the  leaflets  petiolate,  elliptic- 
oblong,   acuminated,   sharply   serrated,  downy   beneath ;   common 
petioles  glabrous. 
The  length  of  the  annual  shoots,  and  the  spaces  between  the  buds,  are  one 
half  those  of  F.  americana;  and  the  tree  is  of  smaller  size,  and  slower 
growth.     The  leaves  are  from  \2  in.  to  15  in.  long,  downy  on  the  under  sur- 
tace  ;  and,  on  insulated  trees,  this  down  becomes  red  on  the  approach  of 
autumn,  both  on  the  leaves  and  shoots  of  that  year;  whence,  probably,  the 
name  of  red  ash.     The  bark  of  the  trunk  is  of  a  deep  brown,  and  the  heart- 
wood  of  a  brighter  red  than  that  of  the  white  ash. 

t   II,  F.  (».)  SAMMJCiPo'Lii  fa/U.     The 
Eiiler-leaved  Ash. 

tilrmll/UaUBtt.    Vital  EDOrn.,  1.  p.  SI.  ;  Punh    Sept, 

.'•HnrMCt,     F.  nleri  HnncM  i    F.  (Ttiu  I 

Muk  Alb.  WUsT  A>h.  Jmer. 
CifrwuC'-     MIcHi-  N.  Anwr.  SjL,  1  t. 

MT^ffji.  1M7.  »nd  IJOa. 

Spec.  Char.,Sfc.  Leaflets  3  pairs,  3  in.  to 
\  in.  long,  acute  at  both  ends,  ses»le, 
ovate-lanceolate,  serrated,  having  the 
axilsof  the  veins  villous  beneath.  Young 
branches  green,  beset  with  hiacli  dots. 
Buds  brown  or  blue.  Flowers  like 
those  of  the  common  ash.  {Don't  Mill.) 
A  deciduous  tree.  Canada  to  Carolina. 
Height  GO  ft.  to  TO  ft.  in  America ;  in 
England  30  ft  Introduced  in  1800. 
Flowers  greenish  yellow ;  May. 
Variety. 

1  F.  (a.)  s.  a  iriipa  Lodd.  Cat.  ed. 
1836  has  the  leaves  curled.  Lod. 


6+8  AR&OHETUM  ET   FRUTICETUM    BBITANNICUM. 

The  buds  are  of  a  deep  blue,  and  the  young  sboott  are 
sprinkled  with  dola  of  the  same  eolour,  which  disappear  as  the 
season  advances.  ~The  leaves,  at  their  unfolding,  are  Bccompanied 
by  scales,  which  fall  after  two  or  three  weeks :  they  are  12  or 
15  inchea  long  when  fully  developed  ;  and  the  leaflets  are  sessile, 
of  a  deep  green  colour,  shiooth  on  the  upper  surface,  and  coated 
with  red  down  on  the  main  ribs  beneatn.  When  bruised,  they 
emit  an  odour  like  that  of  the  leaves  of  the  elder.  The  sa- 
inara>  resemble  those  of  the  blue  ash  (F.  quadrangulata),  and 
are  nearly  as  broad  at  the  base  as  at  the  summit.  The  black  / 
ash  is  easily  distinguished  from  the  white  ash  by  its  bark,  \ 
which  is  of  a  duller  hue,  less  deeply  furrowed,  and  has  the 
layers  of  the  epidermis  applied  in  broad  sheets  "^'ioJrJu] "°' 

f   IS.  F.  (a.)  (tvADKANGULiVA  Mickz.     The  quadranguler-iraRcJeif  Ash. 


Eytgratingi.    MJchi.  N.  Antr,  Srt.,  S.  t.  lU,  j  mid  ourjifi,  1999.  ud  1360. 

l^KC,  Ckar,,  ^c.  Leaflets  almost  sessile,  elliptic-lanceolate,  serrated,  downy 
beneath.  Samara  blunt  at  both  ends.  Branches  quadrangular.  (Don'r 
Mill.)  A  deciduous  tree.  Ohio,  Kentucky,  and  Tennessee.  Height  60  ft. 
to  TO  ft.    Introduced  in  1823.     Flowers  greenish  yellow  ;  Uay. 

Vaiielv. 
y  p.  (a.)  q.  2  aervoia   Lodd.  Cat.  ed.   1836. —  Leaves  with  conijncuoua 

The  leaves  are  fivm  IS  in.  to  If)  in. 
long,  and  are  composed  of  8,  3,  or  4 

K'rs   of  leaflets,   with   an  odd  one. 
e  leaflets  are  large,  smooth,  oval- 
acuminate,  distinctly  toothed,  and  (up- 
ported  by  short  peliolulea.  The  youi^ 
shoots  to  which  the  leaves  ore  attached 
are  distinguished  by  4  opposite  mem- 
branes, 3  or  4  lines  brMid,  and  of  « 
greenish    colour,    extending    through 
their   whole    length.       This 
character  disappears   in   the 
third  or  fourth  year,  leaving 
only  the    iraces  of  ii!,exist. 
ence.      The   seeds   are    Hat 
from  one   extremity  to   the 
other,  and  a  little  narrowed 
towards  the  base.      Readily 
dislinguiiilicd    from    all    the 
other  varieties  of  American 
ash,  as  far  as  we  have  been  | 
able  to  observe  these   in  the  I 
neighbourhood  of  London,  by  I 
the  bark  of  the  trunk,  which  \ 
cracks  and  separates  at  the 
ii».  r.,..ir-iru.,Mi..  edgEB  into  thin  plates,  much 

in  the  same  way  at  that  of  the  white  American  oak  (Quercus  alba).       """ 


T   13.  F,  (a.)  JUglandipo'lia  iflin.  The  Walnut-leaved  Aib. 
/dnuMcdA'm.    L»ai.  Din.,  t  p.  ftil.  i  Punh  Bept,  1.  p.  B. ;  Dm'.  Mtlf..  (.  p.  ss. 
Sr~>w«".    F.  Tlriiit  Hic/ii.  N.AMtr.sil.i.  p.  W.  I.  IM.i  F. ctocolar  MnU i  ilw  fin 

fwrnriwi.    Ulcbi.  V.  Anx^r.  GyL,  ).  1.130.;  th>  pllle  in  Arb,  BrII..  IWsdH.,  To),  tl.i  ■ 

iQi.  ixi.  u\i  iva. 


XLTIII.    OLEACE£:    FRA'XINL'S.  649 

Spec.  Char^  4!c.  Leaflets  E — *  pairs,  3  in.  lone,  membnmouR,  glsbrous,  but 
not  shining,  canescent  beneain,  downy  in  the  axils  of  the  veins,  stalked, 
elliptic-Ian ceolute,  serrated,  glaucous  beneath.  Petiulea  glabrous.  Branches 
glabrous,  and,  like  tbe  bitds,  greyish  bruwn.  Flowera  calyculute.  Calyx 
4-toothed.  Corymbs  pendulous.  Samara  linear.  (Z'on'i  MiU.)  A  de- 
diluous  tree.  Canada  to  Nortli  Carolina  ;  found  in  shady  wet  woods,  and 
chiefly  in  the  western  districts.  Height  30  n.  to  50  it.  Introduced  in  17S4. 
Flowers  greenish  yellow ;  Ma*. 


The  green  ash  is  easily 
recognised  by  the  brilliant 
colour  of  its  ynun^  shoots  ; 
and  by  its  leares  being  nearly 
of  the  same  colour  on  both 
surlaces.  From  this  uuiform- 
ity,  which  is  rarely  observed 
in  the  foliage  of  trees.  Dr. 
Mublenbui^  applied  tbe  spe- 
cific name  cdncolor ;  and  iSi- 
chaux  gave  this  tree  the  popular 


;  F.  caroliniina   Wan^ni.  Amer.   p.  f 
'   "        '   '        '  I  Vail.,    F.   Novz-A'nglis  and 

? — Leaflets  nearly  entire- 


Dame  of  the  green  ash.  The  iCaves  vary  in  length  Irom  6  in.  to  15  in. 
with  Irom  8  to  4  pair*  of  leaflets,  and  an  odd  one,  according  to  (he 
vigour  of  the  tree,  and  to  the  coolness  of  the  soil  in  which  it  grows.  The 
leafTets  are  petiolated,  and  distinctly  denticulated.  The  seeds  are  small ;  and 
the  tree  docs  not  attain  a  great  size.  There  is  a  splendid  specimen  TO  ft. 
high  on  the  banks  of  tbe  Thames,  adjoining  Pope's  villa,  which  is  that  figured 
in  our  first  edition. 

1   14.  F,  («.)  CAROLINIA'NA   Lavi.     The  Carolina  Ash. 

MnfM^ToHiiii,  Lim,  Dkl.,  I.  f.M-\  Funh  Sept.,  I.  p.  9. ;  Dod'i  yUL.,  t.  p.  U, ;  IMi.  C.a.. 
Synmtr^a.  F.  riFclilac  IfaU.  FL  Cur.  p,  IM. ;  F.  lerrUiKllia  JVicAr.jV-  ^tli.  p.  31. ;  F.  lannii- 
EmtTornii.  'burjff.  »0O.  jn  p.  ILI». 

Spec,  Char.,  ^.  Leaflets  2  —  3  pairs,  oval,  petiolate,  aerrated,  glabrous  and 
shining  ^Mive.  Flowers  calyculate.  Branches  glabrous,  and,  like  tbe  buds, 
brownish.  Racemes  loose,  \\  in.  long,  often  twin  from  the  same  bud. 
Pedicels  numerous,  umbellale.  Calyx  small,  campanulate.  (Don'i  Mill.. 
adapted.)  A  deciduous  tree.  Pennsylvania  to  Curobna.  Height  30  ft.  to 
^ft.    Introduced  in  I7B3.     Flowers  greenish  yellow;  May  and  June. 


650  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUH. 

This  u  a  very  remarkable  variety,  rcadilv  diatinguishcd  by  (he  \argt  lizc  ol 
tt»  leaflets,  which  ore  neariy  round,  but  acuminBteU,  nnd  seldom  eonsia  of 
more  than  two  pairs,  with  an  odd  one.  The  samaras  are  unlike  ihoM:  of  >nf 
of  the  preceiling  sorts  ;  being  flat,  oval,  and  olten  almost  as  broad  as  they  at 
long.  In  spring,  the  lower  surface  of  the  leaves,  and  the  yoang  shoots,  are 
covered  with  down,  uhich  disappears  as  the  summer  advances.     H.  8.,  Loil. 

1   15,  F.  (a.)  KPi'pTKBA  Vahl.  The  wing-topped-iecdr-i/,  or  iwo-colinired, 
Ash. 

IJaugtcaUot.     Punh  S»pl.,  1.  p.  «.  :  Don'l  HUl.,  4.  p.  66. 

anuiiyinri.    F.  rtamiiaiU  CzTM.  Fnct.  I.  p.  331. 1.t9.  \  F.Xkaem  Bam. 

Enrmrmal.     OvrtlL  Fruct.,  1.  t  49.  i  Ihopl^'Dr  tUl  U»  Id  Arb.  Bill..  lU  tdlU  nil.rl.|iiid 


Spec,  Char.,  SfC.  Leaflets  laneeolete-elliptic,  subserrated,  opaque,  and  &o*m 
beneath  on  the  veins.  Samara  cuneatetl,  obtuse  and  emarginale  at  the  «":>■ 
and  terete  at  the  bottom.  Young  branches  green,  covered  with  white  JiW- 
Bark  clibky.  Flowers  calyculate.  Buds  brown.  (Don't  Mill.)  A  Je- 
ciduous  tree.  Canada  to  Carolina.  Height  50  ft.  Introduced  in  1^^' 
Flowers  greenish  yellow  ;  May.    Lod.  ana  HorL  Soc.  Garden. 

*   16,  F,  (*.)  pLATrcA'RPA  Vahl.     The  broad-fruiled  Ash. 

JJtnlt/lMlion.     Vriil  EDUI0..1.  p.49.;  Punb  S«pl,l.  p.K.j  Don'l  Mill.,  4.  p.SS.i  LoM..C«. 
/a^^^i.    MIcbi.  M.  Amir.  8;l.,S.'si.  IH.jUdourjIii.  1K4.  Mud'lKf. 

^cc.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaflets  almost  sessile,  very  distinctly  serrated,  elUptic-l»i>- 
ceolate.  Sin.  long  and  1  in.  broad  ;  having  the  larger  veins  villous  benoth. 
Samara  elliptic-Ian ceotute,  2in,  long,  acute  at  both  ends.  (Don's  MiiL)  A 
deciduous  tree.  Virginia  and  Carolina.  Height  30ft.  to  50ft.  Inm>- 
duced  in  17^4.    Flowers  greenish  yellow  ;  Muy, 


XLVltl.  OLea'cex:  i/rnus. 


Ver)'  enMly  known 
Trom  all  the  other 
Americaa  uhea,  by 
the  leavM  dying  off. 


Olhrr  aUeged  Ame- 


U.)  expiDM  WUU., 
Kfo.)  mixta  Aoit, 
F.  (a.)  pulvenilenta 
Bote,  F.  (b.)  nibi- 
dinda  Aiwc,  F.  (a.) 
loiuifdlia  Boic,   F,        ""' 
(a.Jvlridifl  Boic.  F.  (a.)  cinerea 
Bmc,   F.    (a.)  allis   Jo*c,   F. 
(a.)    Richirdi    Bobc,   F.    (a.) 
orata  Baic,  F.  (a, )  nigra  Bote, 
F.  (a.)   elllptica  Bote,  F.  (a.) 
fuses  £i»c,  F.   (a.)  rufa  foic, 
F.  (a.)  panndia  Veni.  el  Bote, 
F.   B6ku   a.  Don,    F.    (a.) 
jDolemonitfolia  Pair.,     F.   (a.) 
'"*■  '-^"^""^  tripiera    A'u//.,    F.    chin£nsis 

Roxb^  F.  Schiedeona  Schlecht.  are  described  in  our  first  edition,  and  plants 
of  moK  of  them  may  be  had  at  Messra.  Loddigee's,  and  in  other  I^ondon 
nurseriea.  Except  the  last  two  they  are  only  varieties,  tmd  in  our  opinioD 
not  worth  keeping  disdnct. 

Genus  VII. 


(XKNUS  Pert,     Thb  Flowmring  Ash.     Ztn.  Si/it.  Diiindria  Monogjnia, 
or  Polygauiia  Dis'cia, 
IdrwiffcaHaM.    Pen.  Bncli-^l.  p.  S.  -,  Punb  Sept.,  1-  P-  6'  1  Daii'i  HllL.,  4.  p.  ns. 
^^^^>,  IiiiL  lOmi,  Hrtw  i  Oreln*  in*li«,  o'l     ■  '       '  •       ■• 


Gen.  Ch^.,  ffC.  Flowen  hennaphrodite,  or  or  distinct  sexes.  Calgx  4-paited 
or  4-taothed.  Corolla  4-parted;  t^menCs  long,  ligulate.  Slamrtu  with 
long  filaments.  Stigma  emari^nate.  Samara  l-celled,  l-aeeded,  wiused. 
(Don-.mU.) 

Leavei  compound,   opposite,    exitipulate,    deciduous ;    impari-pinnate. 
FUkbcti  in  teruinal  or  axillary  panicles. 
Trees,  deciduous  \  natives  of  Europe,  North  America,  and  Asia  ;  in  British 

gardens,  propagated  by  grafting  on  the  common  ash,  and  someliines  by  seeds. 

I  1.  O.  bukofa'a  Per;     The  European  Flowering,  or  Miama,  Ash, 

IdrtUffifli-it.    Pin.  Bnirh..I.p.9.j  DDn'lMllUt.p.M. 

Snowna.  RillDU  O'niui  Liti.  Sp.  IBID.i  F.  O'rDui  and  P.  puilculkta  Mill.  Did,  Nd.S.  mil 
No.  (.)  F.  toTittnSetf.  Corn.  No.  IWS.;  F.  tiatrtHlOtl  Uor.PmI'd.  tea.;  ^.  Tulg^lloi  SCfia. 

BfttrawmMt.  F1.  Onec-,  I,  C.  4, ;  N.  T>u  Hun.,  L  Ifi.;  thr  pkta  of  thli  ipecloi  Ln  AitL  Brit.,  lit 
3lt..  T^.  Tt.  i  vul  our  A.  13M. 

SjKc.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  with  3 — i  pturs  of  lanceolate  or  elliptic,  attenuateil,' 
sMTated,  stalked  leaflets,  which  are  entire  at  the  base,  villous  or  downy 


S52  ARBORETUM    ET    FBUTICETUH  BRITANNICUM. 

biiDeatli.     Flowers  complete  or  herm^hroditc,  ereenish  white.      Pedun- 
clea  axillary,  solitary,  Bliorter  than  the  leaves-     Voune  branches  purpliib 

ir  hvid,  wit^  yellow  dots.  Buds  cinereous.  {Don't  Mil/'-)  Adeciduou 

'■  ■  ht  80  ft.  to  30  ft.     Introduced  ir   " 

Samara  browD ;  ripe  in  October. 


A  very  handsome  iniall  tree,  and  a  free  llowercr.  It  und  also  the  Tollovir^ 
species,  and  probably  all  those  of  both  the  genera  Fruxinus  and  (Xmus,  ex- 
trovaaaie  sap,  which^  when  it  becomes  concrete,  is  mild  and  muciUpnoos. 
This  sap  is  produced  in  more  ubundance  by  O'rtius  europce'a  and  O.  rotuadi- 
fclia,  than  by  any  other  species  ;  collected  fi'om  these  trees,  it  forms  in 
article  of  commerce  under  the  name  of  manna,  which  is  chiefly  obtained  froo) 
Calabria  and  Sicily,  where  the  tree  abounds. 
1  2.  O.  (E.) 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  with  3— 5  pairs  of  roundish-ovUe, 
bluntly  serrated,  almost  sessile  leaSets,  uhich  are 
narrow  at  the  base,  rather  sm^l,  and  glabrous.     /^^ 
Petioles  channeled.     Flowers  with  purpltsh  pe-     'Mf 
tals,  polygamous.     Peduncles  axillary.    Branches  S^£i 
end  buds  brown.     The  flowers  come  out  in  the  Sis 
spring,   before   the  leaves,   like  those  of  other  '3U|f 
species  of  this  genus,  as  well  as  of  that  of  .fVax-  AJ^ 
inus.  {Don'i  siiil.)   A  low  tree.  Calabria  and  the  ^Mfr 
Levant,  &c     Height  16  ft.  to  20  ft. ;  in  England        f 
30ft.to40ft.  In(rod.ie9T.  Flowers  while;  April.     "• 


xLviii.  olea'ce*:  (/bnus. 
T  3  O.  (b.)  ambkiciI  xa  Parth.     The  American  FIoweriDg  Ash. 

Snamgm',.    P.  «Ji^(iii»  It^'.  Sp'.  1*10.  ?  i  f.  (Pniut  »ii«riiAn«  toiLt  Cat.  sd.  IMS. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Lcavea 
with  2 — 5  paira  of  oblong 
or  OTBte  '  acuminaled, 
shining  serrated  leafleta, 
each  3  in.  to  5  in.  long, 
and  2  in.  broad,  and  hav- 
ing the  larger  veins  rather  ^ 
villoua,  glaucous,  and 
paler  beneath,  the  odd 
one  rather  cordate.  Flow- 
ers with  petals,  dlEpoaed 
in  terminal  panicles. 
Branches  brownish  gre;. 
Buds    brown.       Samara 

nate.  (Don't  Milt.)  A 
tree.  North  America. 
Height  30  fL  to  M  ft. 
Introd.  in  1U20.  Flowers 
white:    April   and   May. 

A   more   robust-growing  ,«>.  (M>.)Huncuu. 

plant  than  O.  europx'a. 

1!  *.  0.  Fl 

EKgrariKiM.     W»1L  PI.  Rar.  AllM,,  1.  L  «!7.  i  MHl  ourjV-  liTO 

Spec.  Char,,  6(c.  Leaves  with  2 — 3  pairs  of  elliptic-oblong,  acuminated, 
serrated,  glabrous,  stalked  leaflets,  and  an  odd  one,  varying  much  in  figure, 
the  terminal,  or  odd, 
one  the  largest.  Pa- 
nicles terminal,  com- 
pound, thjnoid. 
Samara  linear,  or 
narrow  •  spathul»te, 
obtuse,  and  entire. 
Bark  ash-coloured, 
dotted.  Branch  let  > 
compressed.  (Don'i 
Jf  i//.  )■  A  deciduous 
tree.  Nepal.  Height 
30  ft.  to  40  ft.  In- 
trod.  IS£2.  Flowers 
white ;  April. 

There  was  a  plant 
of  this  Bptcics  in  the 
Horticultural  Socie- 
Oarden,    against 


t 


which    died    in 
luring  of  1836. 


654  ARBORETITH    ET   FRUTlCETtlM    BRITAHIflCUH. 

Order  XLIX.    /ASMINA'CEiE. 

OsD.  Char.  Calt/x  tubular,  dinded  or  toothed.  Carolia  talver-Bh^ed,  5-c1eft; 
EesUvatioD  imbricate  and  twisted.  Stamem  epipetBlous.  Ovarium  9-celled. 
Celit  l-«eeded.  Style  I.  Stigma  2-lobed.  Prmt  a  didjmous  berry,  or  a 
biparted  capsule.  Albumen  spaHog,  or  wanting  altogether.  This  diflers 
from  Oleineie,  to  which  it  is  nearlv  allied,  bj'  the  erect  ovula,  structure  of 
seed^  and  sativation  of  corolla.  (Don'i  Miii.y 

Leavet  simple  or  compound,  opposite,  exBtipulate,  deciduous  or  erer- 
ereen ;  temate  or  imparipinnate,  with  the  petioles  for  the  most  part  arttoi- 
toted.  FlouKTj  opposite,  in  corymbs.  —  Shrubs,  deciduous  or  evei^recni 
natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  America. 

Genus  I. 


.IQH 


JASMFNUM  Fortkoel,     The  Jabhinb.    Lm.  Sytt.  Di4ndria  Monog/iua. 

.    FalikKl  £np.  Armb.,  p.  ».  ;  Don'!  Mill.,  4.  p.  U. 

ilimgiriiim  Lam. ;  Jnumiiia  i  JumlD,  Fr.  >nd  Otr. ;  Schumln.  (?ir.  j  riilimrt. 

flowsn  hu  DO  numblincx  u  tbU  ol  tbe  tIdIM.    Fonkoel.  In  hli  J^fip.  jrtt.  p.  M,  wn  IkH 
It  ti  ukeo  tram  tlia  Anblau  ume  dT  Iha  |i[ut,  fdninh  vUleti  ■ppun  mocb  more  pntiitifa. 
Gen.  Char.,  ^c.    Calyi  tubular,  6— 8-toothed  or  5--8-cleft.  CoroAa  5— e-cIcA. 
Stigma  2-lobed  or  bifid.     Berry  didjmous,  having  one  of  the  lobes  uaiudl/ 
abortive.     Secdi  without  albumen.  (Don'i  Mil/.) 

Leaves  simple  or  compound,  opposite,  exstipulale,  mosllj  mb-evonecn ; 
mostl;  entire.  Petioles  articulated,  Flowert  white  or  yeUow,  axiiuij  Bt 
termbal,  odoriferous.  —  Shrubs,  usuallv  sub-evergreen,  and  twining  or  raat- 
bling  1  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  or  Airica.  Propagated  readily  by  cuttings 
in  common  garden  soil,  and  usually  grown  against  walls. 
•  *  \.J.  fru'ticanb  L.     The  Sprig-produdng,  or  ihrvhbt/,  Jasmioe. 

Cm-\<»ii  fif.\iai.,itifit.\m.  tr 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.    Leaves  alternate  triTolblate,  and 
simple,  glabrous ;  leaflets  obovate  or  cuneifonn, 
obtuse.  Branches  im- 
gular.     Calycine 
meats  subulate. 
dunclea   terminal,  by   ijJ^ 
threes.      Corolla  ycf-   "^  !£ 
low,  with  oblong  ob-   ^  ' 
tuse  aegments.  (Don't   -^  ng 
ABU.)      A   sul>*ver-  ^  " 
green  shrub.  South  of 
Europe,  and  through-     '  ' 
out      the      Levanu  ^  ts 
Height  6  ft.   to  8  ft.  ■*      - 
Introduced  in  1570. 
Flowers  yellow ;  May 
to    October.      Pruit 


&wiunc    J.  bturoobiawa  ttrntcM,  Lot.  A 
£»nnr<g>.    BM.  H(g.,  t.  W.  1  Schmidl  D 


■^, 


black ;  ripe  Nov. 

A  very  dedrable  sub-ever^een,  either  for  planting  in  borders,  or  agsina 
walla  ;  flowering  ireety,  and  ripening  abundance  of  fruit.  It  aeods  up  Domeroos 
suckers  ;  which,  when  it  is  desired  that  the  plant  should  assume  a  gaideo- 


XLtX.   JASMINACES:   J'ASMl  NUM.  655 

esque  character,  should  all  be  removed,  leaving  the  braoches  to  proceed  from 
a  single  stem,  or  from  two,  three,  or  any  other  smBll  and  limited  Dumba  ot 

j>  B.  i.J.  Hu^iLB  L.    The  bumble,  or 

IlaUaa  i/elloui.  Jasmine. 
lie^lHlcaliim.    liti.  So..  1.  p.  9.  i  Vitil  EDnm-  I. 
~  4.  Rtg.,  t.HO.)  SdmldtBaoiD., 


^e,Char.,^e.  Leaves' alternate,  acute,  m 
triToliolate,  and  pinnate.  Branches  I 
angular.  CaJycine  segmenta  very  ^^^^ 
short.  Plant  glabrous.  Peduncles  \^. 
terminal,  twin  or  ternary,  3-flowered.  \J 
Corolla  yellow,  with  oblong  obtuse 
segments.   {Don't  Mil!.}     An  erect  ( 

■uth-erergreen  shrub. 'Madeira.  Hdght 
3  ft  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1656. 
Flowers  yellow;  June  to  September.  '«"■  Ji>iM* 

■  ■  3.  J.  heteropht'lhim  Rtab.    The  voriouB-leaved  Jasmine. 


&i^mmfl.    Wmll.  PI,  AlUl.  IUr.,3.  LSJi.  ;  indourjlf- '■ 

^xv.  Char.,  ^c.  Arbore- 
ous. Leaves  alt^Tiate, 
simple  or  tiifoliotate, 
oblong-elliptic  or  broad- 
ovate,  and  acuminated, 
waved,  lucid,  firm,  gla- 
brous. Panicles  tenni- 
naJ,  trichotomous,  &s- 
tigiate,  corymbose,  and 
downy.  Calyx  urceo- 
late,  with  short  subulate  , 
teeth.  S^ments  of  tbe 
corolla  oblong,  equal  to 
thr>  tube  in  length. 
Leaves  variable.  (ZJon'i 
itiil.)     A  middle-«zed  ""'  ' 

tree  ;  in  England  a  sub-evergreen  shrub.     Nepal.     Height  6  ft.  to  EO  (t. 
Introduced  m  1820.     Flowers  bright  yellow,  fragrant ;  July  and  August 

«  ■  i.J.  BBVOLoTuM  Xct-.    The  revolute- 

fimercd  Jasmine. 
iriflU^tcot^M.    KnBot.  Ite(..  t.m.1  Don'iUIU.,  «. 
Sgmomfmet.  J.  chrrtintbRnum  Stab,  FL  Ind.  1.  p.  9>.  t 

fiwHViiuI.     B«.  Mt|[.,  t-ITS.  1  But.   Hlg.,  I.im.t 
iSoI.  C2..  t.  96S.  i  ud  oiu-^.  12711. 

^NTC.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  alternate,  pinnate. 
Leaflets  5—7,  ovate-lanceolate  or  elliptic, 
glabrous,  on  short  petioLules.  Corymbs 
terminal,  compound.  Calycine  teeth  very 
short,  mucronate.  Branches  angular,  gla- 
brous. Leaves  shining,  and  flowers  bright  | 
and  yellow,  and  vei^  fragrant.  {Ikm't  ] 
liiU.)  A  rambling  Eub«vergreen  shrub. 
North    of    HindoRtan    and    Nepal,    oa                  ^jl  /.ndbiui. 


656 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


mountains.     Height  10  ft.  to  \5ft    Introduced  in  1812.     Flowers  bri^^l 
yellow,  very  fragrant ;  May  to  October. 

Readily  propagated  by  cuttings,  and  a  free  grower 
and  flowerer  in  any  common  soil  and  exposure. 

Sk  m  5.  J.  (a.)  pubi'geruh  D,  Don,   The  downy 

Nepal  Jasmine. 

JdentMcaiion.     D.  Don  Prod.  FL  Nep.,  p.  106. }  Don*s  Mill.,  4. 

Synonifmes.    J.  Wallicbianttm  Undl.  Bot  Reg.  1. 1409. ;  Climali- 

■wa,  NeptUese. 
Engravingt.    Bot.  Reg.,  t.  1409. ;  and  our^.  1376. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  alternate,  pinnate.  Leaflets 
7—9  ;  ovate-lanceolate  or  oblong,  acuminated, 
sessile,  downy  while  young.  Branches  angular, 
downy.  Peduncles  elongated,  1-flowered,  termi- 
nal, subcorymbose,  downy.  Teeth  of  calyx  short. 
Segments  of  corolla  5 — 6,  obtuse.  Flowers  yel- 
low, and  smaller  than  those  of  J.  revolutum. 
(Don*s  Mill.)  A  rambling  sub-evergreen  shrub. 
Nepal.  Height  10  ft.  to  12  ft.  Introduced  in 
1827.    Flowers  yellow  ;  May  to  October.  ,^.    ,  .  .    ^.   - 

So  closely  resembles  the  preceding  one,  that  we  cannot  doubt  its  being  onlj 
a  variety  of  it. 

X  L  6.  J.  OFFICINALE  L.     The  officinal,  or  common^  Jasmine. 

IdentificaUon.    Lin.  Sp.,  1.  p.  9. ;  Vahl  Enumn  1-  p.  34.  s  Don's  Mill.,  4.  p.  63. 
Engrmvings.    Bot.  Mag.,  t.  31. ;  Schmidt  Baum.,  3.  t.  150. ;  and  our^.  1277. 

I^ec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  opposite,  pinnate  ;  leaflets  ovate,  acuminated,  ter- 
minal one  longest.  Young  buds  erectihh.  Plant  glabrous.  Branches 
angular.  Calycine  segments  5,  subulate.  Corolla  white,  4 — 5-cleft,  sweet- 
scented.  {Don's  MiU.)  A  climbing  shrub,  evei^reen  from  the  colour  of  its 
shoots.  Malabar  to  Georgia  and  Mount  Caucasus,  in  woods.  Steins  40  ft 
to  50  ft.  Introd.  1596,  or  long  before.  Flowers  white,  highly  odoriferous; 
June  to  August.  Fruit  black,  only  produced  occasionally  in  England. 
Varieties. 

JL  L  J.  0.  2  JoBs  argenteis  Lodd.  Cat.  —  Leaves 

striped  with  white. 
-I  1.  J.  o.  3  folUs  aureis   Lodd.    Cat.  —  Leaves 

striped  with  yellow. 
Jl  i-  J.    o.    4  Jl6ribus   plenis    Hort.  —  Flowers 
double,  very  rare. 

The  common  jasmine  generally  loses  its  leaves  in 
the  winter  season,  especially  in  exposed  situations; 
but,  as  its  young  shoots  are  of  a  fine  deep  green,  and 
the  plant  is  generally  covered  with  them,  it  has  the 
appearance  at  that  season  of  an  evergreen.  The 
snoots  are  frequently  produced  7  or  8  feet  in  length, 
and  upwards,  in  one  season.  i,77   j.affictaito. 


Order  L.     -^POCYNA'CEJE. 

Orb.  Char.  Cafyx  5-cleft,  persistent.  Coro/i^  5-lobed,  deciduous ;  estiva- 
tion imbricate.  Stamens  5,  epipetalous.  Ovarium  solitary  or  twin,  usually 
many-seeded.  Styles  1  or  2.  Stigmas,  where  2,  applied  to  each  other. 
Fruit  follicular,  drupaceous,  or  baccate ;  solitaiy  or  twin  ;  1-  or  many- 
seeded.  Albumen  generally  present.— Distinguished  from  ilsdepiikd^  in  the 
structure  of  the  anthers  and  stigmas,  ((r.  Dotu) 


i 


rYMA  CE«:    n'NCA. 


Leavet  siniple,  opposite,  eiGiipulate,  evergreen;  e 
aiillarj'.  —  Tmiling.  suflruticose,  evergreen  shnibi ; 


e,  shininK-    Flowcrt 
jves  of  Europe. 


u 


n'NCA  L.    The  pBRiwi.tKLK.    Lm.  Sya.  Peni&mlns  Monogvnia. 

Symm^nirt.  Ftrtlaa  livtn.  t.  ii.  i  la'penvnche.  Ft,;  SimnfrUn.  Grr.  ;  Vine*,  or  Flor  ila 
HoTto.  lUl. 

trrT\rl  luMue  oUiH  nlviu  br  IMIr  crHptoi  nnO.  or  blml  Ibm  br  Ihclr  ninocri :  but  1  much 
t^ler  ariiin  HRni  u  be  frnin  •mailMm.  ■  bund,  on  accouDI  of  Ihe  luluMflitu  o(  the  ihonli  tut 

Gen,  Char.,  Ifc.  Calyx  5-cle(L  Corolla  sslver-shaped  j  tube  longer  ihao  tlie 
calj'i  1  throat  bearded ;  legmenu  of  the  limb  flat,  oblique,  truncate  at  'be 
^>ex.  Stamera  5,  inserted  in  the  throat,  enclosett.  Anthen  ending  eacli 
m  a  hairy  membrane  at  the  apex,  which  connive  over  the  stigma.  Stigma 
bearded,  seated  on  a  flat  orbicular  disk,  which  ia  grooved  round  the  cir- 
cumrerence.  Glamli  S,  alternating  with  the  ovariea,  glabrous,  as  well  as 
they.  FolSctei  2,  erect,  terete,  narrow,  dehiscing  lengthwise,  fcw~8eedeil. 
Seedi  cylindrical,  naked.    Albumen  fleshy.  {Don't  Mill.) 

Leavei  u  in  the  Order.  Flouxri  axillary,  »olitarj-,  alternate,  pedunculate ; 
blue,  purple,  or  white.  —  Shrubs,  evergreen,  luffruticose,  creeping  or  trail- 
ing i  natives  of  Europe  ;  of  the  easiest  culture ;  and  readily  propagated  by 
division,  layers,  or  cuttings :  valuable  in  pleasur&f  rounds,  is  thriving  under 
the  dense  shade  of  trees  and  shrubs. 

X,  1,  V.  ma'jor  L.    The  greater  Periwinkle. 

.    Lin.  5p.,|i.  m.i  DoD-f  HUI,.l.p.9S.  i  L«td.  CiUcd.  1836. 
y\aa  mm*  DtMt  I  PrijInr^miioT  Soup.  Cant.  Vo.VH. 

:,  ^c.     Stamens  erectish.     Leaves  ovate,  acute,  ciliated.     Calycine 

near-subulaie,  ciliated,  usually  with  a  small  tooth  on  each  side  at 

the  base.     Segments  of  corolla  broadi  obovate. 


This 


s  is  larger 


1  all  i: 


Flowering  stems  erect;  barren 
ones  trailing.  {Don't  Mill.)  A 
low,  trailing  or  creeping,  suf- 
fnilicoHe  evergreen.  Middle 
and  South  of  Europe,  and 
apparently  wild  in  some  partfl 
of  Britain.  Height  2  ft,,  form- 
ing  a  dense,  dark  green,  low, 
trailing  bush,  growing  freely  i 
under  the  shade  of  other  trees, 
and  producing  its  fme  blue  n 
flowers  from  March  to  Sept. 


.  V.  m.  2  varieeaia  Hort. — Leaves  vari^ated  with  white  and  yellow, 
t.  2.   y.  m'sOB  L.     The  less  Periwinkle. 

IdnUiJUttliat.    Lin.  Sp..3M.  ;  Don'iMin.  ""      -     "    -■       ■ 

Snmvnn.    pi^rrlnu  minor  Scop.   Com 

.ipec.  Char.,  *c.      ! 


•  ulNHi  Pot*.  Titalr.  311.  f. 
cumbenl.      Leaves  elliptic  lanceolate,  glabro 


658 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Calydne  segments  linear-lanceolate,  bluntish. 
Segments  oif  corolla  broadish  at  top.  Flow- 
ering steins  usually  erect.  Flowers  void  of 
scent.  Corolla  blue,  with  white  throat, 
varying  to  purple  and  white ;  of  a  smaller 
size  than  that  of  V.  ro^or.  (Don's  Mill,) 
A  trailing  evergreen  undershrub.  Europe  ; 
in  many  places  in  Britain,  in  hedges  and 
woods,  in  rather  damp  situations.  Flowers 
blue ;  March  till  September. 

Varieties . 

*»  V.   wi.  2  filOs  argerUeis  Lodd.  Cat. — 

Leaves  variegated  with  white. 
A..  V.  m.  SfiBs  aureis  Lodd.  Cat. — Leaves 

variegated  with  yellow. 
A,  V.  m.  A>Jl6re  dlbo  Lodd.  Cat.  — Flowers 

white. 
Ar  V.  III.  bftorepleno  Lodd.  Cat  — Flowers 

double. 
%,  V.  m,   6  flore  puniceo  Lodd.  Cat. — 

Flowers  red. 
4W  V.  TO.  7  acuHfldra  Bert. — Leaves  ovate 

acute  at  both  ends;  margins  glabrous. 

Segments  of  corolla  oblique ;  ovate- 
acuminate.     South  of  Europe.    Flowers  blue ;  March  and  April 


Order  LI.    ^SCLEPIAD^CE^.    . 

Ord.  Char,  Calyx  5-cleft,  persistent.  Corolla  5-lobed ;  aestivatioD  usually 
imbricate.  Stamens  5,  epipetalous.  Pollen  masses  equal  in  number  to  the 
cells  of  the  anthers,  whicti  are  2  or  4,  and  fixed  to  fine  processes  of  the 
stigma.  OvoTwan  twin.  Styles  2,  crowned  by  one  stigma.  Fnai  of  2 
follicles.  Seeds  numerous,  imbricate^  furnished  with  a  tuft  of  hair  at  the 
umbilicus.  AUmmen  thin. — The  pollen  being  combined  into  a  definite 
number  of  waxy  masses  separates  tnis  order  from  all  other  dicotyledoooas 
orders.  (G.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  shining,  entire.    Fhtoers 
subumbcUate.  —  Twining  shrubs  ;  natives  of  South  Europe  and  Asia. 


Genus  I. 


1 


PERFPLOCA  L.  The  Periploca.    Lin.  Syst,  Pentandria  Digynia 

Jdentffieaiion. 


R.  Br.  In  M€m.  Wern.  Soc.,  l.p.  57. ;  Don's  MilL.  4.  pT.  163. 
st/noftjfmes.    I'eriploca  Pr. ;  Schlingc,  Gcr. ;  Periploca,  Ital. 
Derivation.    From  peripUlMt  to  wrap  about ;  In  alliuion  tc  the  twining  stemt 


Gen.  Char,,  ^c.  Corolla  rotate.  TTiroat  furnished  with  5  awned  scales,  which 
alternate  with  the  segments  of  the  corolla.  FUamentx  distinct.  Antha 
cohering,  bearded  on  the  back.  Pollen  masses  applied  to  the  dilated  tops 
of  the  corpuscles  of  the  stigma,  solitary,  or  composed  of  4  confluent  ones. 
Stigma  almost  mutic.  Follicles  cylindrical,  much  divaricate,  smooth.  Seeds 
comose.  (Don*s  Mill.) 

Leaves  as  in  the  Order.    Flowers  subcorymbose,  interpetiolar.  —  Shnih'f, 


LI.  JscLZVt aDa'ci:^:  peri'ploca.  659 

dedduout,  twining,  glabrous ;  natives  of  the  South  of  Europe ;  and  propa- 
gated bj  cutting*  of  the  root  or  shoots,  or  by  layers. 

S  !•  P.  ORi'CA  L.    The  Greek  Periploca. 

UnutpaHai.    Ltn.  Sp.,  p.SOS,  i  IVn'i  K1U..4.  p.  163. ;  Lodd.  Cu,  ad.  IHG. 

Stne^ma.    P.  ipntaWci  Mgntc*.  ScImM  Baitm.  1.  I.  M,|  Silk  Tr»j  Apodnii  wrpcKluu, 

EnfTftnf-    n,0nK..I.M8.i  Bot  Rcf.t.Na.:  •BdDurjh'.lMLnd  IMl' 
Spec,  CkttT^  ^e.    Leaves  Tsiring  from  ovate  to  tenceolate,  3  in.  to  4.  in.  long. 
Corymbs  on  long  peduncles.      Flowers  hairy  inside.     Branches  brown. 
Segments  of  corolk  linear,  rounded   at   the 
apex,  greenish   outiiidc   and  brownish  inside, 
and  clothed  with  c(^ious  short  hairs.  (JDonV 
Miii.')    A  deciduous  twining  shruh.    South  of 
France,  Bithynia  ;  found  also  about  Buraa,  and 
on  Mount  Athos.  Stems  SO  fl.  to  30  fb  Intro- 
duced  in  1597.    Flowers 
rich  velvety  brown  ;  July 
end  August. 
The   remarkable    colour 

and  rich  velvety  ^ipearance 

of  the  flowers,  the  elegant  ^ 

form  of  Che  leaves,  and  the 

&cihcy  with  which  the  plant 

ran   be  made  to  cover  an 

useful  for  arboun,  &c. ;  but 
the  odour  of  the  flowen  is  considered  unwholesome,  and  even  dangerous  to 
those  who  are  long  exposed  to  tL 

-*  8.  P.  anoustipo'lia  LoAitf.    The  narrow-leaved  Periploca. 

UrnlHUiaiim.    Liblll.  FL.  Sjr.,  inc.  1.  p.  11. 1. 1.  i  Don'j  MIIL,  t.  p.  ISI. 

Suntmniiin.    P.  rteld*  Vlr. ;  P.  ImlgiU  VaU. 

£trTawitf.    Labm.  PI.  8Tr..i)tcl.p.  ig.1.  IT.KDdoorjV' 1M>- 

Spec.  Char,,  4'i>,  Leaves  veinlest.nar- 
row-Unceolate,  glabrous,  persis- 
tent. Cymes  trichotomous.  Flow- 
ers purplish  inside,  pale  yellow 
beneath  and  round  the  mouth, 
with  a  white  spot  in  the  middle. 
Leaves  I  in.  long.  (Don't  MiU.) 
A  twining  shrub.  TuDis,onMount 
Schibel  Jsekel ;  and  of  the  Island 
of  Lampedoia,  at  the  sea  aide, 
near  Laodicea.  Stem  SO  ft.  to 
30  ft.  Introduced  in  leOO,  and 
quite  as  luirdy  as  P.  gne^. 

PHTsiA'STHUsiani*  Mart.,(Bot.Reg.,  t.l75S.j  and  our 
_fi/;.  1285.),  a  ligneous  climber  from  Buenos  Ayres,  has  stood 
out  against  a  wall  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Uarden,  and 
in  some  of  the  London  nurseries, 
I  during  the  winter  of  1838-1639.  It 
's  a  plant  of  very  interesting  and 
mcommon  aspect,  and  not  only 
flowers  freely,  but  produces  its  ovate 
pointed  fruit  (_fig.  128+.),  which,  be- 
■ng  in  clusters  and  large,  has  a  very 
jngular  appearance.  In  trod.  1830. 
O  u  8 


660  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

Order  LII.     BIGiiOTHIA'CEM 

Ord*  Char.  Calyx  divided  or  entire.  Corolla  tubular,  generally  irregular 
4 — 5-lobed.  Stamens  o,  but  either  1  or  3  of  them  are  sterile.  Ovarium  2- 
celled,  guarded  by  a  glandular  disk.  Stigma  bilamellate.  Captule  2-Talved, 
2-celIed.  Diuepment  parallel  or  contrary.  Seeds  compressed,  winged. 
Albumen  none.  — The  structure  of  the  fruit  and  placentation  of  the  seeds 
readily  distmguish  this  order  from  its  allies.  (G.  Von.) 

Leaves  simple  or  compound,  opposite,  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  sab- 
evergreen  ;  serrated  or  entire.  Flowers  terminal  and  axillary.  —  Shrubs, 
climbing  by  tendrils  ;  natives  of  North  America  and  China. 

The  genera  which  contain  hardy  species  are  thus  distinguished  :  — 

BiGN0^N/y4  Tourn.     Calyx  5-toothed.     Dissepiment  of  the  fruit  parallel 
TBfcoMA  Juss.     Calvx  5-toothed.    Dissepiment  of  the  fruit  contrary. 
Cat  a' LP  A  Juss.     Calyx  2-parted.    Dissepiment  of  the  fruit  parallel. 

Genus  I. 


h 


BIGN0'N/i4  Toum.    The  Trumpet  Flower.    Lin.  ^j^*/.  Didynamia 

Angiosp^rmia. 

JdeniiJhMtion.    Tourn.  Inst..  72. ;  Don's  Mill.,  4.  p.  216. 

^nonffmes.    Bignone,  Fr. ;  Trompetenbluroe,  Ger. ;  Bignonla,  Hal. 

Derivation.    Named  by  Tournefort  in  compliment  to  Aw  Bignon,  Uhrariim  to  Louis  XIV. 

Gen.  Char.,  S^c.  Calyx  campanulate,  5-toothed,  rarely  entire.  Corolla  with  a 
short  tube,  a  campanulate  throat,  and  a  5-lobed  bilabiate  limb.  Siamem  4, 
didynamous,  that  is,  2  long  and  2  short ;  with  the  rudiment  of  a  fifth. 
Lobes  of  anthers  divaricate.  Stigma  bilamellate.  Capsule  silique-fonned, 
2-celled  ;  having  the  dissepiment  parallel  with  the  valves.  Seeds  disposed 
in  2  rows,  imbricate,  transverse,  with  membranous  wings.  (J)on*s  AfilL) 

Leaves  compound,  opposite,  sub-evergreen  ;  conjugate,  stipulate,  tn- 
foliolate.  Flowers  axillary,  usually  panicled.  —  Shrubs,  usually  scandent, 
furnished  with  tendrils.  The  only  nardy  species  is  a  deciduous  climber,  a 
native  of  North  America  ;  and  easily  propagated  by  cuttings  of  the  roots, 
or  shoots,  in  common  soil. 

^  1.  B.  capreola'ta  L.    The  tendriled  Bignonia,  or  TYunyaet  Flower* 

lieniifieaUon.     Lin.  Spi,  870. ;   Hort.  Cliff,  317. ;  Don's  Hill.,  4. 

p.  217. 
Engraoingt.    Bot  Mag.,  t.  864. ;  and  our  fig.  1286. 

Spec.  Char,,  Sfc,  Climbing.  Leaves  conjugate ;  leaflets 
cordate-oblong ;  lower  ones  simple.  Tendrils  small, 
trifid ;  the  lobes  bifurcate.  Peduncles  axillary,  1- 
flowered,  crowded.  Calyx  entire.  Corollas  reddish 
yellow.  Follicles  flattened,  1  ft«  long.  (Don^s  Afill.) 
A  climbing  deciduous  shrub.  North  America,  in 
the  more  southern  parts.  Stem  15  ft.  to  20  ft. 
Introduced  in  1710.  Flowers  orange  brown;  June 
and  July. 

A  very  ornamental  wall  climber,  but  it  requires  a 
sheltered  situation  and  favourable  exposure,  in  order 
to  flower  freely.  In  sheltered  situations,  in  a  climate 
not  colder  than  that  of  London,  it  forms  a  very  desirable  shrub  for  coverine 
latticework,  either  forming  the  support  of  a  verandah,  or  the  ndes  and  root 
of  a  berceau  or  bower. 


LII.    BIGNONWCJ?jE  ■    TlfCOMA^ 


^IQ 


TE-COMA  JusB.     The  Tbcoka.     Lin.  Si/il.  Didynamia  An^oipermu. 
UeMifitaHim.    Juu.  G<d.,ii.  1».i  Don't  HIU.,4.  p.  US. 

SifUMi/mr.    ^i^tmia  tp.  ofLIn-  ud  othfln. 

GcB.  Char.,  ^c.  Ctdyx  campanulBle,  5-tootheiI.  Corolla  nith  b  short  tube 
and  ■  camnanulttte  throat ;  limb  5-labed,  bilabiale.  Slamem  4,  didjnamous, 
that  is,  S  long  and  2  short  ;  with  the  rudiment  of  a  fifth  sterile  filament. 
Stigma  bilameltate.  Capttde  nlique-fonned,  S'Celled,  havine  the  disaepi- 
went  contrary  to  the  valves.  Seedt  disposed  in  2  rows,  imbncate,  winged, 
treQBTerse.  {Don'i  Milt.) 

Leavei    compound,   opposite,    eistipulBte.    deciduous ;    iinparipinnate. 
Floiveri  terminal,  pauicled,  orange  or  leaflet.  —  Shrubs,  scandent,  decidu- 
ous ;  natives  of  Asia  and  North  America, 
The  onlj  hardy  species  yet  introduced  is  a  deciduous  climbing  shrub,  quite 

hardy,  and  readily  propag^ed  by  cuttings  of  the  shoots  or  roots. 
1   1.  T.  BiDi'cANS  JuM.   TheTi}oting;.&raru:AedTecania,  or  Trumpet  Flower. 

UmlillaiUtm.    Juu.  G<n.,  p,  IN.  i  Dini'iNUl.,4.  p.»t. 

Smirmri.  Blgnbum  imdlcuu  Lin.  SB.  STl .  i  Bimbnia  rwltcui  n^Dr  Hari. ;  Orllhiilmm  ClCnittt 
Sarrd.  lam.  U. ;  BlgDhUii  JVulnlRUIl  Calrib.  Car.  ;  Jumjn  de  VIi|)dIi.  A-.  I  Wuruln  Bl|- 
aai*.  Otr. :  RHeliiiililJidJ(a  Bigaimla,  DaUt. :  Celumliui  uunknio,  llat 

£iVraAv>.    Boc.  !!•«.,  t.  4U. ;  ud  our  J!f.  1K7. 

Spec.  Char,,  ij-c.  Climbing,  glabrous.  Branches 
rough,  rooting.  Leaflets  9,  ovate,  acuminated, 
coarsely  serrated.  Racemes  terminal,  corjuibose, 
OD  long  peduncles.  Tube  of  corolla  5  times 
longer  than  the  calyx.  (Don't  Mill.)  A  robuat 
deciduous  climber,  which  fixes  itself  to  trees  or 
walls  by  its  roots,  like  ivy.  Carolina,  Florida,  and 
Virginia.  Sterna  20  ft.  to  301^.  Introduced  in 
1640.  Flowers  scarlet  and  orange-coloured,  large  ; 
August  and  September. 
Variets. 

±  T.r.2  major  Hort.  has  the  flowers  larger  and 
□f  a  darker  Bcarletj  the  leaves,  also,  differ 
considerably,  both  in  size  and  shape.     Ca- 
rolina ;  August.     Introduced  in  1734. 
In  British  gardens  it  grows  vigorously,  producing  m-,_  T,niBisi». 

tofts  of  leaves  and  fine  flowers   abundantly  at  the 
extremity  of  the  branches,  but  is  rather  apt  to  become  naked  below, 
i  2.  T.  OBANDiFLo'BA  Sat.     The  great-flowered  Tecoma. 
lienHHaaio^.  Sveel'i  HorL  Bilt..  p.  11.  rDon'i  MllL, 

4.  p.  XW. 
%iMiiyWfT.     Bipibnu  tttaAitbn  T^wifr.  FJ.  Jap- 

£«¥/'.<««.     p.  BBG.'i    luUfVlRu    rlKBflta.^ 
Sprrnf.  silt.  J.  p.  tes  ;  Tuog.ion-li,  aAuH. 
Engnniru*.     Buu  Icon.  Kampt..  t.  91.  j  Bud  our 

^c.Char.,^e.  Slightly  scandent,  glabrous. 
LeafletaT — 9,  ovate,  acuminated,  coarsely 
serrated,  attenuated  at  the  base.  Pani- 
cle* terminal,  pendulous.  Calycine  s^- 
ments  lanceolate,  length  of  the  tube  of 
the  corolla.  Branches  rooting.  Young 
ihoota  spatted  with  dark  purple.    Leaves  1,^,.  T.^nnntun. 


662  ARBORETUM    El'   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

6  ia.  to  10  in.  long.    Petioles  marginate.    Flowen  pendulous,  forming  Ur- 

miiiBl  cross-anncd  panicles,  laree,  of  a  tawny  orange  colour  on  the  outside. 

and  of  a  tolerably  bright  reddish  orange  colour  inside,  with  brighttr  slreaki. 

Nectary  a  glandular  crenated  ring.     Anterior  lobe  of   stigma  recurved. 

(_Don'4  Miii.)   A  climbing  deciduous  shrub.    China  and  Japan.  Stem  SO  ft 

to  30f^   Introduced  in  ISOO.  Flowers  orange-coloured;  July  and  August. 

Almost  as  hardy  as  Tecttma  radicaus,  *hlch  it  greatly  reaembles,  but  of  > 
siighter  habit,  though  it  has  much  larger  Sowers,  and  is  altogether  a  veiy 
spleudid  plant. 

Genus  III. 


^ 


CATA'LPA  Juss.    Thu  Catalp*.    Im.  5^.  Oi&ndria  Moaog/nia. 

UmlificaNoit.    Juu,  G«n.,  isa.  td.  Uiurl,  p.  IM.  i  Don'i  UUI.,  <.  p.  UN. 

ifpmirma.    Bigaiiali  ip.  of  Lin.  ud  oilun ;  Blfnon*  CUmlpi,  Fi.  |  gmKbH  TTcopBalitiDc. 

ilcrn^lilgit.    Tb(  ladUo  DUH  of  1  iptdH  of  Bigntntfi. 

Gen.  Char.,  ^c.  Calyx  2-parted.  Corolla  campaoulate,  with  a  TentricoK 
tube,  and  an  unequal  4-lobed  limb.  Stametu  5,  3  of  which  are  fertile,  sod 
3  of  them  sterile.  Sligma  bilomellate.  Capiule  silique-formed,  long,  cjlio- 
dricel,  2-valved.  Diuepimenl  opposite  the  valves.  Sredt  membrsnouslj 
margined,  and  pappose  at  the  base  and  apex.  (Don'i  Mill.) 

Leavei  simple,  opposite,  or  disposed  3  in  a  whorl,  eistipulate,  deciduous: 
entirE.  Flounrri  terminal,  panicled,  white.  —  A  tree,  deciduous  ;  nativeof 
North  America ;  of  easy  culture  in  common  soil,  and  propagated  by  imponed 
seeds  or  cuttings  of  the  roots. 

.  C.  STjiiNa.KTo''UA  Simt.    The  Lila&Ate-leaved  Catalpa. 

SLini  Hal.  Nu..  L  IffiH. ;  Don'i  lOU.,  4.  B.  ncV 

Sp..  BGS.  I  CaUlpa  blgooiiwUli  Walt.  FI.  Cu.   p-Ck^C 


^'•ss. 


LIII.    50LANA^CEiE:    ^OLA^NUM.  663 

Demmtkm,  The  French  of  Upper  Louisiana  call  thi«  tree  Bois  ShaTanon.  from  iU  being  found  in 
abundance  on  the  banks  of  the.  rirer  Shavanon^  now  called  the  Cumberland.  Catdlpa  is  supposed 
to  be  a  corruption  of  Catawba^  an  Indian  tribe  that  formerly  occupied  a  great  part  &f  Georgia  and 
the  Carolinas. 

Ettgranmga.    Schmidt  Baum.,  1. 1.  M. ;  the  plates  in  ArU  Brit.,  Ut  edit,  toL  tU.  ;  and  our>1|g.I989. 

Spec,  Char.y  Sf^c,  Leaves  cordate,  flat,  3  in  a  whorl,  large  and  deciduous.  Branches 
strong.  Panicles  large,  branchy,  terminal.  {DorCs  Mill,)  A  deciduous  tree. 
Carolina,  Georgia,  and  Florida,  on  the  banks  of  rivers.  Height  20  ft.  to  30  ft. 
sometimes  60  ft.  Introduced  in  1726.  Flowers  white,  marked  with  purple  and 
yellow  ;  July  and  August.    Capsules  remarkably  long,  narrow,  and  homy. 

The  catalpa  is  generally  propagated  by  seeds,  which  are  imported  from 
America  ;  but  it  will  grow  readily  from  cuttings  of  the  root ;  and,  of  course, 
plants  so  raised  will  flower  much  sooner  than  those  which  are  raised  from  seed. 
The  tree  is  of  rapid  growth  till  it  attains  the  height  of  20  ft.,  which,  in  deep 
free  soil,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London,  it  does  in  10  yetu^. 


Order  LIII..  SOLANA^CEiE. 

Ord,  Char.  Calyx  5-cleft,  persistent.  Corolla  Stpleft,  usually  regular ;  aestiva- 
tion imbricate  or  plicate.  Stamens  5,  rarely  4,  epipetalous.  Style  1.  Frnil 
2 — 4-celled,  capsular  or  baccate.  Albumen  fleshy.  Regular  flowers,  arched 
or  spiral  embryo,  plicate  aestivation  of  corolla,  and  equal  stamens,  distinguish 
this  order  from  its  allies.  (G.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  sub-evergreen  ;  oblong, 
and  sometimes  pinnately  divided.  Flowers  solitar}'  or  numerous.  —  Shrubs, 
deciduous  or  sub-evergreen ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  South  America ; 
readily  propagated  by  cuttings  in  any  common  soil,  not  over  moist. 

The  few  ligneous  or  suffruticose  hardy  plants  contained  in  this  order  are 
included  in  the  genera  5olanum,  X»yciumy  and  Crab6wskia,  which  are  thus 
characterised :  —^ 

iSoLA>aJM  Pliny,  Anthers  connivent,  dehiscing  by  pores  at  the  anex.  Berry 
2-celled,  rarely  4>celled. 

Lt^cium  L.  Anthers  usually  exserted,  and  not  connivent,  opening  length- 
wise.    Berry  2-celled. 

Crjlho'wskia  Schlecht.  Drupe  containing  two  2-celled  bony  carpels.  Cells 
1-seeded. 

Genus  L 


iSOLA^NUM  Toum.    The  Nightshade.   Lin.  Syst,  Pent&ndria  Monogynia. 

Idaiiifieatiim,    Toorn.  Inst.,  p.  149.  t.  91. ;  Lin.  Gen.,  No.  251. ;  Don's  Mill.,  4.  p.  400. 
Sjfnonyma.    Meknghia  Toum.  Inst.  p.  151.  t.  65. ;   PseC^do-Cftpslcuin  Mcench   Weth.  p.  476.  ; 

NTCUrium  Vent.  Jard.  Maim.  p.  85. ;  Aquirti'a  Jacq.  Amer.  p.  15.  1. 12.  ;  Morelle,  Fr. ;  Nacht- 

tchfttten,  0«r. ;  Soluxo^ItaL 
Dernation.    The  first  use  of  the  word  Solanum  occurs  in  the  writings  of  Tragus,  who  applied  it  to 

Cbenopddiam  hybridum.    It  Is  said  to  be  derired  fh)m  aolari,  to  console.    The  Grc<  ks  called  our 

European  solanums  ttmcknoit  a  name  which  Linnseus  transferred  to  the  genus  of  tropical  shrubs, 

5trf  cnnos,  to  which  the  nux  romlca  belongs. 

Gen.  Char.,  S^.  Calyx  permanent,  5-,  rarely  4-,  cleft.  Corolla  rotate,  sorely 
campanulate,  5-,  rarely  4-^  cleft.  Anthers  oblong,  connivent,  opening  by  2 
pores  at  the  apex.  Berry  almost  globose,  2 — 3 — 4^K:elled,  but  usually 
2-ceUed.  (Don's  MiU.)  * 

Leaves  shnple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  sub-evergreen ;  undi- 
vided, sinuated,  lobed,  imparipinnatc,  or  decompound.  Flowers  in  peduncles, 
lolitary  or  numerous,  simple  or  multifid,  axillary  or  extra-axillary. — Shrubs, 

u  0  4 


664  ARBORETUM    KT    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

suffrutescent,  scandent,  deciduous  or  sub-evergreen  ;  natives  of  Europe, 
Asia,  or  South  America ;  of  the  easiest  culture  in  common  soil. 

1  I.  S,  DuLCAMA^RA  L.    The  Bitter-sweet,  or  woody.  Nightshade. 

Ideniification.    Lin.  Sp  ,  p.  964. ;  Doq'i  Mill..  4.  p.  409. 

Sf/ntmymes.  S.  scHndeui  Neck.  Gallo-BeL  119.;  Dulcaniira  flexu6sa  Mttnch  Metk*  p.  &H.;  S. 
Kcindens  seu  Dulcamilra  Toum.  Inst.  p.  149. :  Amdra  ddlcli  Gerard  Emac.  350.  ;  DalcU  uun 
Trag.  816.  \  Glyc^picros  seu  Dulcun&ra  Bauh.  Hist.  2.  p.  109.  icon. ;  la  Morelle  grimpante.  Big- 
nauit  Bot.  Icon, 

Engravings.    Eng.  Bot.  t  .^65. ;  Baxt.  Brit.  Fl.  PL.  toL  3.  t.  110. ;  and  o\ufig,  1990. 

Spec,  Cftar.^  ^c.  Shrubby,  scandent,  flexuous.  Leaves  ovate-cordate;  su- 
perior ones  hastate.  Corymbs  almost  opposite  the  leaves.  Shrub  gla- 
brous. Leaves  cordate  ;  superior  ones  hastate,  all  quite  entire.  Corj'mbs 
panicled.  Corolla  violet-coloured,  with  reflexed  segments,  each  segment 
furnished  with  2  green  spots  at  the  base.  Berries  elliptic,  red.  {DorC*  MiU.) 
A  climbing  deciduous  shrub.  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America,  in  hedges 
and  among  bushes;  plentiful  in  Britain.  Stem  6ft.  to  8  ft.  Flowers  violet; 
June  and  July.     Berry  red  ;  ripe  in  September. 

Varietiet, 

1  S.  D.  1  \ioldcea  Hort.  Eyst.  p.  383.  t.  384.  No.  3.— Corollas  violet, 

1  S.  i).  2  diba  Lin.  Fl.  Si*ec.  p.  66. — Corollas  white.  Lodd. 

1  S.  Z).  3  cdmea  Cels.  Ups.  32. — Corollas  flesh-coloured. 

1  S.  />.  4  plena  Tourn.  Inst.  149.  —  Corollas  double. 

1  S.  Z).  5  variegdta  Munt.  fig.  156. — Leaves  variegated. 

1  S.  JD.  6  hirsuia  Don's  MiU.  iv.  p.  409. ;  S.  littorale  ZTor^.— Plant  hain- 

or  downy.     Flowers  violet.     Found  on  the  sea  coast.  Lodd. 
JL  S.  />.  7  rupestru  Schmidt  Fl.  Boh.  p.  69. — Stem  erect.    Leaves  orate, 

quite  entire.     Racemes  few-flowered,  dichotomous.     Bohemia. 

The  stems  of  this  species  are  roundish,  branched, 
twisted,  and  climbing  by  elongation,  among  other 
shrubs,  and  in  hedges,  to  the  height  of  6  or  8  feet, 
or  upwards.  When  bruised,  broken,  or  rubbed, 
they  yield  a  strong  and  peculiar  odour,  not  unlike 
that  which  proceeds  from  rats  and  mice.  The 
roots  smell  like  potatoes;  and  both  roots  and 
stalks,  upon  being  chewed,  first  cause  a  sensation 
of  bitterness,  which  is  soon  followed  by  a  con- 
siderable degree  of  sweetness,  whence  the  specific 
name.  The  berries  are  poisonous ;  and,  as  they 
arc  common  in  hedges,  they  are  very  frequently 
eaten  by  children,  on  whom  they  operate  by  excit- 
ing violent  vomiting  and  purging.  Trained  to  a 
single  stem  to  the  height  of  6  or  8  feet,  and  sup- 
ported by  a  strong  iron  rod,  with  a  parasol  top,  *•**•  *•  d^"»*«*' 
this  common  hedge  weed  might  form  a  very  handsome  gardenesque  pendulous 
tree ;  or  it  might  cover  a  domical  bower. 

•  «-  2.  S,  CRi'sprjM  R.  4"  S.    The  curled-i^aret/  Solanum. 

Identification.    Roem.  et  Schult.  Sp.  PI.,  4. p.  S95. ;  Don't  Mill.,  4.  p.  414. 
Engravings.    Bot.  Keg.,  t.  1516.  ;  and  OMTjIg.  1291. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c,  Stem  shrubby.  Leaves  ovate,  subcordate,  wavedly  curled, 
acuminate.  Flowers  corymbose.  (Rcem.  et  SchuU.)  Leaves  all  simple, 
undivided,  ovate,  or  cordate,  acuminate,  petiolate,  slightly  curled  at  the 
margin  ;  younger  leaves  powdery,  but  full-grown  ones  green.  Cymes  many- 
flowered,  terminal,  all  the  parts  powdery.  Bracteas  none.  Calyx  short, 
5-toothed.  Corolla  middle-sized,  of  a  bluish  lead-colour.  Anthers  eqittl, 
yellow.  (Lindl.)  A  lai^e  sub-evergreen  rambling  shrub.  Chiloe,  in  waste 
places  and  hedges.  Height  15ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1830.  Flowers 
bluish  coloured  ;  May  to  September. 


Liii.  sulanaVcje:  Ly'ClUH. 

A  b«id)'  vi^roiM-growing  pUnt,  of  h 
much  more  lif(neous  character  than  S. 
Uulcamira,  sub-evergreeo,  end  cov««(l 
with  flowers  nearly  the  whole  summer. 
As  it  wilt  grow  in  any  loil,  and  Is  readily 
propagated  by  cuttinip,  it  proiniitei  to  be 
of  great  value  as  an  ornamental  climber, 
fur  rapidly  covering  naked  walls.  IT  tied 
(o  a  stake,  and  thus  forced  to  grow  erect, 
it  will  throw  out  a  great  number  of  lateral 
branchiets,  Bt  the  end  of  every  one  of 
which  is  produced  a  bunch  of  flowers. 

The  art  of  hybridisation  has  ool  yet 
been  practised  with  the  shrubby  species  oi 
Planum,  otherwise  it  is  not  improbable 
that  some  hybrids  might  be  originated  be- 
tween the  South  American  and  the  British 
species,  which  would  be  as  hardy  as  those 
which  have  been  described.  ,„, 


[zy 


I,Y'CIUM  L.     Thb  Box  Tborn.     Lin.  Syit.  Pent&ndria  Monog/nii 

,  Gbd..  IK3.  I  Don'!  MILL, 


Oaa,  iTi'l.'j  aiitmonr  Vine,  ^Bw.  1  Ltc1«o.  fV-.iBodu- 
uec.'tTDin  t'tie  ciTc'umilann  at  •  lei  p'linl  tTkfa  Tliidii]  bailiiBbniD  kbi  to  U»  Duka  a?  Acfrll 

hkm  ID  a  ChDrnj  thrub,  whLch  WM  ILippC4ed  D*  Dr.  SibUiDTp  (D  have  b«ea  tlie  Ahunnm  Inlcct^rliu, 
t>ut  which  Dr,  RoyLp,  flLh  Ernler  prolubUllr,  regudft  u  IdeoUcil  wlUi  a  ipBcLn  of  Btrbtrit 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  urceolate,  regularly  5-toothed,  or  irrt^larlv  3 — 5-cleft, 
permanent.  CoroUa  funnel-shaped  or  tubular  ;  limb  5-  or  10-deR,or  toothed, 
unbricate  in  aestivation,  sometimes  plicate.  Stament  5,  usuaDy  exserted ; 
filaments  bearded,  and  widened  at  the  base.  AnUiert  cordate,  dehiscing 
lengthwise.  Berry  roundish,  2-celled.  Seed)  numerous,  reniform.  (Am'i 
MiU.) 

Lfovtt  simple,  altemate,  eistipulate,  deciduous ;  entire  or  nearly  entire, 
solitary  or  in  fascicles.  .  Flomcn  in  peduncles,  e:<tra-axiliary  or  terminal, 
Bolitar]',  twin,  or  umbellate,  rarely  corymbose  ;  white,  vellow,  rose-coloured, 
purple,  or  blue. — Shrubs,  dedduous,  scaudent,  and  usually  somewhat  ipinose ; 
natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa ;  readily  propagated  by  cuttings  of  the 
branches  or  of  me  roots. 

1  \.  L.  EUROPst;]!  L.    The  European  Box 'Hioni. 

Utntaiatitm.    Lin.  Sret,  RS. ;  I>on'iMIU.,4.p.«M. 

SsM^^KHi.   I,  ••lUiiliUmBMaLDkt.Vo.K  I  ItmSaStim  MiaMtaia  MIei.  i  etiaoiiiito,3lit«>ii 

E-trnlmfi.  '  MIcfa.  G«i.,  L  tU.  I  L  ;  Mill.  Icod.,  t.  111.  £  1. 1  ud  oar  fig.  1S3. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Branches  erect,  loose.  Buds  spinescent.  Leaves  fascicled, 
oboTate4anceolate,  obtuse,  or  spathulate,  bent  obliquely.  Flowers  twin  or 
solitary.  Corolla  fiinnel-sbaped.  Stamens  exserted,  but  shorter  than  the 
limb.  Calyx  5^eft,  ruptured  at  the  side.  Corollas  pale  violet,  reticulated 
with  red  veins ;  tub«  greenish.  (Don't  Miii.)  A  rambling  shrub,  with  long 
slender  shoots,  and  prone  to  throw  up  innmneiable  sucken.  South  <^ 
Europe.  Stem  80  ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1730.  Flowers  violet ; 
May  to  August.    Fruit  brijbt  scarlet  or  yellow;  ripe  in  September. 


666 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


itn.  L. 


Valuable  for  covering  naked  walls,  as  it  grows  with 
extreme  rapidity,  and  flowers  and  fruits  freely,  in  almost 
any  soil  or  situation.  Established  plants,  in  good  soil, 
will  make  shoots  10  or  12 feet  in  length  in  one  season; 
and  the  plant,  when  tnuned  against  a  house  or  high 
wall,  will  reach  the  height  of  S&  or  40  feet,  as  maybe 
seen  in  some  courts  in  Paris.  Trained  to  a  strooe 
iron  rod,  to  the  height  of  20  or  30  feet,  and  then  allowed 
to  spread  over  an  umbrella  head,  it  would  make  a 
splendid  bower.  Its  shoots  would  hang  down  to  the 
ground,  and  form  a  complete  screen  on  every  side, 
ornamented  from  top  to  bottom  with  ripe  fruit,  which  is 
bright  scarlet  or  yellow,  and  very  showy ;  with  umipe 
fruit,  which  is  of  a  lurid  purple;  or  with  blossoms,  whfch 
are  purple  and  white.  Some  idea  of  the  quantity  of  ripe 
and  unripe  fruit,  and  of  blossoms,  which  may  be  found 
on  a  shoot  at  one  time,  may  be  formed  from  Jig,  1292., 
which  is  only  a  portion  of  a  shoot,  the  upper  part  of 
which  (not  exhibited  in  the  figure)  contained  two  or 
three  dozen  of  fruit,  all  ripe  at  once. 

Varieties.  There  is  a  variety  with  yellow  fruit,  and 
another  with  the  fruit  roundish ;  and»  in  our  opinion, 
L,  b^rbarum,  chin^nse,  ruth^nicum,  Shawt,  and 
Trewtantcm,  all  of  which  we  have  seen  in  Loddiges's 
arboretum,  and  in  the  Paris  eardens  in  1840,  are 
nothing  more  than  variations  of  the  same  form. 

1  2.  L,  (e.)  ba'rbarum  L.    The  Barbary  Box  Thorn. 

JderUificatton.    Lin.  Sp.,  377.;  Don't  Mill.,  4.  p.  458. 

Synoniymet,    L.  AalimifMium  MilL  Did.  No.  6. ;  L.  MrteruiB  m  vulg^ 

Ait.  Hart  Kew.  1.  p.  257. ;  the  Duke  of  Argyll't  Tea  Tree. 
Engra9i»g9.    Dead.  Brit.,  t.  9. ;  and  oaxflg.  129S. 

Spec,  Char.,  S^c,  Branches  depend- 
ent. Buds  spiny.  Leaves  lan- 
ceolate, flat,  glabrous,  acute. 
Flowers  twin,  extniFaxillary,  p^ 
dicellate.  Corolla  funnel-shaped. 
Stamens  exserted,  about  equal  in 
length  to  the  limb.  Branches 
angular.  Buds  often  without 
spines.  Calyx  2 — 3-lobed.  Co- 
rolla with  a  purple  limb,  and 
yellowish  base.  Stigma  Globed. 
Berry  ovate,  vellow.  Stamens 
bearded  near  tne  base.  There  is 
a  variety  of  this,  having  livid  or 
pale  corollas,  and  reddish  yellow 
berries.  (JDon'i  Mill,)  A  climbing 
deciduous  shrub.  North  of  Asia, 
Africa,  and  South  of  Europe. 
Stem  20  fl.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1696.  Flowers 
and  other  particulars  as  in  L,  europae'a. 

jft  d  3.  Ir.  (b.)  chine^msb  MUl,  The  Chinese  Box  Thorn. 

Jdeiitifleaiitm,   HUI.  Diet.,  No.  5.  t  Don*s  Mill.,  4.  p.  45S. 
Sifnonymet.    L.  bfcrbarum  $  chinfoie  Ait.  Hori.  Kew.  L  p.  SS7. ;  L. 

Wurbamm  Lomr,  CodL  1.  p.  165.  ? ;  L.  oTitnm  N.  Dm  Bam,  Up.  107. 
StMrrmrtngt.     Dend.  Brit^  t  8. ;  and  our  Jig.  iSM.  ftxMn  the  N.  Da 

Ham.,  and  flg.  189&.  from  a  liring  specimen. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Branches  pendulous,  prostrate,  striated. 
Buds  spinescent.      Leaves  by  threes,  orate,  acute. 


1I8S    L.i9.\ 


LIU.  soi^na'ce*.  iv'ciuM. 

Attenuated  at  the  beae.  Pe- 
duncles much  lonser  than 
the  calyx,  which  la  entire. 
Stamens  exserted.  Nearly 
allied  to  L.  ruth^nicum  ;  but 
differs  in  the  leavea  being 
broad-ovate.  Shooti  very 
long.  (/)Dn'f  JtfiA)  Aclimb- 
ing  deciduous  shrub.  China, 
about  Pekin  and  Canioti ; 
and  oT  Cochm-ChJDB.  Stem 
8  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  ?. 
Flowers  purple ;  May  to  Au- 
gust. Fruit  orange-coloured ; 
ripe  in  August. 
Resembles  L.  europfe'uni, 
but  is  a  smaller  weaker  plant. 


Sfpvt^fma.    L-  UrtHrum  Lam.  Dtct-  3.  p.  MO^  fix  Pair.  Suppi.  & 
£^ra>ir^.' Our^.lioiln  p,  liio.  ' 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Branches  diffuse,  angular.  Buds 
spinose.  Leaves  petiolate,  lanceolate,  acute.  Pe- 
duncles l-flowered,  solitary  or  twin.eiLtra-aiillary. 
Calyi  8— 3-cleft.  Corolla  funnel-shaped.  Stamens 
exaerted.  This  species  differs  from  L.  chinense  ,Bt  ,  [n  it-nirn 
AIUl.'iD  the  spines,  and  from   L.  barbarum  in. the 

leaves.    Branches  nifescent.   Spines  few.   Corolla  fine  purple,  with  a  white 
star  in  the  centre.     Filaments  pilose  at  the  base.      Bciry  ovate,    (Don'i 
Mill.)  A  climbing  deciduous  shrub.  China.  Stem  6  ft.  to  10  ft.   Introduced 
in  leiS.     Flowers  purple  ;  May  to  August. 
Judgiiu  from  the  plants  in  the  Hackney  arboretuu),  this  kind  is  scarcely,  if 

at  all,  different  from  L.  europK'um. 

i  5,  L.  (e.)  RUTBE'iticuM  MtuT.    The  Russian  Box  Thorn. 


Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Branches  dependent.  Buds  spines- 
cent.  Leaves  linear -lanceolate,  fleshy,  obtuse,  attenu- 
ated at  the  base,  solitary,  or  sub-fasciculate.  Peduncles 
longer  than  the  calyx.  Calyx  with  5  unequal  teeth. 
Stamens  exserted,  equal  to  the  limb.  Calyx  usually 
irregularly  6-toothed,  rarely  8 — 3-lobed,  as  in  L. 
Uirbarum.  Corolla  with  a  while  tube  and  puiplish 
limb.  Leaves  grey,  like  those  of  L,  afrum.  {Don't 
Mill.)  A  climbing  deciduous  shrub.  Siberia,  in  n' 

■  lia.    Sterne 

'B  white  ;  June  tt 


VarKtu. 

-f  L.  r.  2  cdjfwwm  Pail.  Fl.  Ross.  t.49.  f.  *.— 
Leaves  shorter.     Buds  more  spinose.    Flowers 

smaller.    Native  about  the  Caspian  Sea. 


66  AUBORETUM    ET    FRUTICKTUM    BHITAMNtCUH. 

1  6.  L.  (e.)  uNCEOLii'TiiK  P<nr.     The  iBnceulate-^raofJ  Box  Thorn. 


7.i;..  »ri 


^vc.  Char^  ^.  Branches  dependent,  refleied. 
Buds  spiBescent.  Leaves  lanceoliite,  nearlj'  ses- 
sile, acute  at  bath  ends.  Floners 
Bolilary,  extra-axillary,  pedicel- 
late. Corolla  funnel-shaped.  StH- 
mena  exserted.  Calyx  unequalli 
5-toothed.  Corolla  purple,  vtiti 
H  white  bottom.  Berry  oblong, 
red.  {Don't  MUl.)  A  climbing 
deciduous  shrub.  Kaples,  Greece, 
Sec.  Stem  6tt.  to  lUft.  Intro- 
duced?. Flowers  purple;  May  to 
August.  Berry  red;  August. 

i  7.x.  (PR.)  turbika'tuii  Z>u  Ham.     The  turbinate^^otnf  Box  Thorn. 

MlHUflfaliim.    H.Du"  ~         "    " 

Eagraringi.    H.  Du  H 
Spec.   Char.,  ^c. 


..  1.  o.  119.  t.il.  (  Dmi'.  Kill.,  t.  p.  *M. 
m  lKa.IMel.Ka.  6.  ?i  X.  btittmni g Dit. 


Stems  erect,  fascicled.  Branchlcts 
dependent,  terete.  Buds  spiny. 
Leave*  sessile,  lanceolate,  acumi. 
nated.  Flowers  aggregate,  pedi- 
cellate, extra-Biillary.  Corolla 
funnel-shaped,  istamens  exserted. 
Calyx  trifid.  Berry  red,  and  turbi- 
nate. Corolla  violaceous,  with  a 
white  bottom.  (Don't  MUl.)  A 
climbing  deciduous  shrub.  China. 
Stem  6  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in 
1709.  Flowers  violet;  May  ta 
„„„.         August. 

1  8.  L.  a'fbum  L.    The  Afiican  Box  Thorn. 


^Kc.   Char.,   ifc.       Erect,    spiny.      Leave*    fttdcled,    lioear, 
conesceut,  attenuated  at  the  base,  obtuse,  Seihy.    Flowers   ' 
almost  axillary,  solitary,  drooping.     Corolla  tubular,  3  ti 
longer   than   the    calyx.       Stamens   enclosed.      Bark   grey- 
coloured)    the   smaller   branches   frequently  spiny.      Leaves 
§laucous.  Filaments  bearded  near  the  base,  as  in  all 
)e  true  species.     Stiema  slightly  2-lobed.     Corolla  " 
violaceous,  rich   purple  above.    Berry  globose,  v 
laceous.      Calyx    A-toothed.    (Don'i  Mil/er.)     . 
erect,  spiny,  deciduous  or  sub-evergreen  shrub.  Spain, 
North  of  Africa,  Palestine,  Syria,  Egypt,  and  Ar^ia 
Felix.     Height  B  tt.  to  10  ft.     Introduced  in  1712. 
Flowers  purple ;  May  to  July.     Berry  dark  blue  or 
black  ;  npe  in  August. 

a.  2  HgidmB.  L.  rigidum  Booth.  —Leaves  long,  linear, 
glaucous ;  shoots  rigid.    Possibly  a  distinct  species.     Native  country 
unknown,  but  probably  from  China,  or  the  North  of  India.     Received 
from  Messrs.  Booth,  in  1838. 
The  most  ornamental  species  of  the  genus ;  and,  though  rather  tender,  it 


Ltll.    50LANACEiE:    CRABO'WSKt/f. 


irell  deaerves  a  place  id  every  collection  against  a 
wall.  There  are  large  and  handsome  plants,  oa  a 
wall,  in  the  Chelsea  Botanic  Garden,  which  were 
uninjured  by  the  winter  of  1837-8. 

Olier  Speciet  of  Lyctum.  —  There  were  in  the 
Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  in  1838,  plants 
named  L.  ovahim  and  L.  tpataiaivm,  but  they 
appear  to  us  nothing  more  than  varieties  of  C 
tarbarum. — L.  t^nsvdtva  {fie- 1303.  from  a  spedmen 
received  from  the  Liverpool  Botanic  Garden)  was 
raised  there  Irom  a  seed  which  Mr.  Shepherd  picked 
from  a  dried  specimen  received  from  Peru  in 
1836.  The  flowers  are  of  a  dark  purple  and  very 
showy,  and  the  plant  has  stood  against  a  south 
wall  through  the  winters  of  1837,  38,  and  39,  with* 
out  any  protection.  . 


Genus  III. 


Gen.  Char.  Calyx  subcam pan u late,  regularly  5-toothed,  valvular  in  (estiva- 
tion. Corolla  with  a.  short,  funnel-shaped  tube,  and  a  5-parted  limb.  iSr^- 
menu  of  the  limb  spreading  or  reflexed,  four  of  which  are  convolute  in 
jBStivBtiou,  the  fifth  eiterniil,  with  the  margins  coverinc  the  edges  of  those 
near  it.  Slamem  5.  PilamenU  free.  Drupe  propped  by  the  permanent 
calyx.  {Dim;  MUl.) 

Leave/  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous :  entire.  Flower!  sub- 
corymbose,  from  the  fascicles  of  leavtH,  or  the  tops  of  the  branch  lets ;  whitish 
yellow. — A  shrub,  deciduous,  with  axillary  spinen,  rambling,  with  the  habit 
of  i^^ciuni ;  native  of  Peru.     Culture  as  in  i^ciura. 

J   1.  C.  BOEimiit.^ IMFo'^LiA  Schlecht.     The  Boerhaavia-leaved  Crabowskia. 

«nMIci»».    Sctalecbt  In  LInui.  T.  p.  79.  i  Dnn-i  UtlL.  4.  p.  490. 
Sr<Kmfma.    LMam  botTtuuai^limm  LId.  Sappl.  p.  IM. ;  Bbi«b 

J.  S  t.  e»,  1  tjci™  hHtrophf  Hum  «■.«■-  c«mm.  GSii.  iiaa  d.  g 

][>■/(«•.  Jrl.l.  p.  MS.  KoVi  Lrdu 
■■■Itflt-SlLrp.,  l.l.  8S.H 


urjdt.  l»t. 
^c.  Char.,  4'C.  Leaves  coriaceous,  glauceicent,  with 
a  saltish  bitterish  taste.  Corolla  white,  having  the 
throat  veined  with  green.  Stamens  white.  Stigma 
green.  Muts  the  form  of  those  of  Coffea  ai&bica, 
convex  on  one  side,  marked  by  a  slender  furrow  in 
the  middle,  obtuse  at  top,  and  peribrated  by  two 
roundish  holes  at  the  base :  hence  it  is  tridentate, 
the  first  tooth  from  the  middle  of  the  back,  the 
other  two  from  the  sides  :  sometimes,  but  only  by 
abortion,  l-ce!led.  Albumen  copious,  fleshy.  {fimCt 
MUl.)  A  rambline  deciduous  shrub.  South  of 
Brazil,  in  woods.  HcightGft.  Introduced  in  1780. 
Flowers  white  i  April  and  May 
The  whole  plant  has  a  mealy  while  appearance  {  by        im' 


670  ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANKICUlU. 

which,  and   by  the  lingular  twisted  form  of  its  leaves,  it  may  be  kaavi 
finst  light  from  any  speciei  of  I,yciuin. 


Order  LIV.     SCROPHULARIA^Effi. 

Ohd.  Char.  Caiyr  4 — 5-parted,  persistent.  Corolla  deciduous,  irregular,  or 
bilabiate,  or  rcoiitar  ;  astivatioo  imbricate.  SiaxKiu  2  or  4,  usually  di- 
dj'namous,  rare^  equal.  Ovarium  Z-ceiled.  Siyl^  i.  Stigma  24Dbed  or 
undivided.  FniU  usually  c^taular,  rarely  baccate,  S-celled,  2 — 4-TalTed 
many-seeded.     ^Uunini  copious.  (_G.  Don,} 

heaoe$  simple,  opposite,  eutipulate,  deciduous ;  reticulately  veined. 
The  hardy  genera  in  British  gardens  are  Buddies  and  Pauldwnio,  vhich  m 

thus  contradistinguished  :  — 

Bu'ddlb.<.  Calyx  4-clefi.  Corolla  tubular,  4-cleft,  regular.  Stamen*  4,  equil- 

PiULo'wHM.  Calyx  5-clefl.  Corolla  sub-bilabiate,  5-cleft.  Stamens  4,  di- 
dyoamoiw. 

Genus  I. 


□ 


BU'DDLE  J  L.  Thb  Buddi.ei.    Ztn.  SgH.  Tedindria  MoDi^nia. 

UaitifiaulBti.    LLn.  Gm,  Ho.  lid.  i  Doa'l  Mill.,  >,  p.  DM. 

DtrttatioR.    Vaaai  by  Dr.  Hnuton  In  liDDonr  of  Adam  Bkddli,  1  boUDlnl  uuuur.  *ho  1>  lAn 
nnilloDH]  In  Rij'i  Sipurfiii,  ind  wIioh  drted  caUKtlm  at  kftiih  pluu  U  pnamd  in  tk 

Gen.  Cliar.,  ^c.     CiUyx  4-cleft,  equal.     CoroUa  tubular;  limb  4-cleft,  regalv. 
Slameiu  4,  equal,  enctoaed.     Stigmt  capitate  or  clavate.     CapiuU  S.ceUed, 
2-VBlved  i    valves    bifid.      Pla^la 
central,  at  length  free. 

Leavet  as  in  the  Order.  Flotuert 
terminal;  c^itate,  spicate,  or  pani- 
cled  ;  orange  -  coloured.  —  Shrubs, 
deciduous- or  nearly  sub-evergreea, 
rambling,  usually  with  quadrangular 
branches,  natives  of  South  America. 
Readily  propagated  by  cuttings  or 
layern,  in  any  li^ht  nch  soil,  in  a  dry 
sheltered  situation,  or,  in  the  North 
of  England,  against  a  wall. 
«  I.  B.  GLOBO'SA  L.  The  Globe- 
Jiowered  Buddlea, 


lonry   tomentuin. 


LIV.    SCROPHULARIA'cEf:    PAt'LoVM/^.  671 

w  well  u  the  undn  aidet  of  the  Icbtcs.  heares  lanceoUte,  acunihiue«l. 
erenoted,  petiolate.  Heads  of  flowers  globose,  pedunculate.  A  large,  tpre«d- 
kc,  dedduous  ahnib.  Chili.  Height  IS  b.  to  Id  ft.  Introduced  b  1774. 
Fbwen  blight  j'ellow,  iii  globe-like  heads,  frsgraat  i  May  to  July. 
Very  ornameiital,  but.  being  somewbat  tender,  it  requires,  north  of  London, 
t,  warm  sheltered  Mtuation,  and  a  dry  soil. 

Genus  II. 


y 


PAULO'WN/J  Sieb.     Trb    Piulownii.       Lin.  Sj/ti.     Didynamis 
Angiosp^rmia. 

L  h'jap.  p.»3..  Wnid.  Sp.  Fl.  t.  p.  so..  Pan.  Sra.  1.  p.  170.  i 

HltfuuH.  Um  HhUutt 

GcB.  Oior.,  ^17.  Calyx  campanulate,  5-clet^  CoroUa  tubularly  campanulate, 
with  a  S-cleft  sub-labiate  limb.  Slamem  4,  didjnamoua.  Stigma  trun- 
cate. Copttde  woody,  S-celled,  S-valved.  Valva  septiddal.  Stedt  du- 
merous,  eadi  surrounded  by  a  wug,  attached  to  a  fixed  placenta  on  the 
back  of  the  disBepiment.     Jjinimm  fleshy.  {^Sieb.) 

Leavet  simple,  opposite,  euCipulate,  deciduousj  petiolate,  entire.  Tlowen 
purple  or  lilac,  in  terminal  panicles. —  A  deciduous  tree,  with  the  habit  and 
general  appearance  of  Catiipa  (j/ringiefiilia ;  native  of  Japan. 
I  1.  P.  IMP  BB I  a' MS  ^b.    The  imperial  Paulownia. 


._  _..__.1ia  uimnlUa  nn.  n.  J«.  v.^St,  WtUd.  Ss.  fl.\.  p.  MO..  Ptrt.  ^H.1. 
i  IncwTlllea  iam«t»H  Stmt.  SfU.  Vtm.  1.  p.  S36.  i  Klrrt,  Jt^anat,  KnapH  Anon, 
p.  KB,.  1  Tod.  Bik-lixi.  CkiMm. 
E^rmtngi.  Kxmpr.  Aaaa.,  flf.  In  p.  S80.  i  Fl.  imp..  L  k(X  ^  old  ourj^-  IWt.  uul  ISM. 
Spec.  Char^  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  cordate  at  the  base,  acute,  undivided  or  3- 
lobed,  densely  clothed  with  soft  haira  beneath.  Flowers  panicled  ;  calyx 
covered  with  rusty  tomentum.  (Sieb.)  A  magaificent  deciduous  tree  ;  Japan, 
in  the  southern  provincea,  in  eipos^  places.  Height  30ft.  to  40  ft.,  with  a 
trunk  Sft.  to  3lt.  in  diameter.in  Japan.  Introduced  in  1840.  Flowers  pur. 
plish ;  April,  in  Japan. 

The  branches  are  few, 
but  strong,  and  proceed* 
ing  trom  the  trunk  at 
right  angles.  The  flowers 
are  in  large  bunches, 
which  look,  at  a  distance, 
like  those  of  the  horse- 
chestnut  ;  while  the  indU  . 
vidual  flowers,  in   form, 

size,  and  colour,  resem-   |  I 

ble  those  of  Digitalis 
purpilrea.  The  tree  was 
Introduced  into  Europe  % 
in  ie:i7,  and  in  the  Jar- 
din  dea  PlaniEs  there  is 
a  specimen  which  has 
stood  out  three  winiers. 
In  July,  1640,  it  was 
am.   F.inpMUH.  nearly  ISA.  high, and  in         i3«.  p. impouh, 


67f2  ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

all  retpecu  closely  resembled  a  cntalpa.  It  is  readily  propagated  bj 
cuttings  of  the  n>ota  or  shoots  ;  flowers  vigorously  in  any  cotamon  sail, 
tolerably  dry,  and  will  doubtless  speedily  become  as  common  as  the  aOipt 
throughout  Europe.     Horticultural  Society's  Oarden. 


Order  LV.  LABIATES. 
OltD.  Ckar.  Calyx  tubular,  persistent,  5-clefl  or  5 — tO-loothed,  regular,  or  In- 
itiate. Coro//a  tubular,  bilabiate  I  the  upper  lip  undivided  or  b^tt,  and  the 
lower  one  trilid.  Slamrm  4,  didynamous,  S  of  which  are  often  sterile,  mcerted 
under  the  sinuses  of  the  lower  lip.  Lobet  of  anthers  usually  divaricated. 
Oearia  4,  naked,  seated  on  a  glandular  disk,  and  connected  with  the  base 
of  the  style.  A^nuibifid.  ^cAfnta  4-,  or  fewer.  il/6um;R  wanting,  or  ^>aniig. 
—  The  opposite  leaves,  free  4-iobed  orarium,  bilabiate  corolla,  nnd 
didynamousatamenadutinguish  this  order  from  fioragf nes  ;  and  the4-lobMi 
ovarium  separates  it  from  Terben&ces  and  ^canthaceae,  &t.  {G.Dott.) 

Leavet  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate;  evergreen ;  small,  crowded.  FTaicm 

axtllary  or  temdoal.  —  Low  shrubs,  for  the  most  part  so  small  as  to  be 

treated  as  herbaceous  plants ;  natives  chiefly  of  the  South  of  Europe. 

Though  there  are  a  number  of  genera  belonging  to  this  order  coataininp 

species  which  are  technically  ligneous,  yet  there  ore  none  that  can  populirli 

bie  considered  as  shrubs  fit  for  an  arboretum,  with  the  exception  of  /^loni.t 

fruticosB,    Jtosmartnu*  offidn!ilis,  Lavandula   2'plca,  and  ^Ivia  officinili! : 

these  plants  are  so  well  known,  that  we  consider  it  unnecessary  to  do  more 

than  give  figures  of  them,  with  the  following  slight  notices :  — 

Phtdmi  Jrulicoia  L  (N.  Du  Ham.. «.  t.  40. ;  Boi. 
Mag.,  1. 1843. ;  nnd  out  fig.  1309.),  Jerusalem  Sage 
is  a  native  of  Spain,  with  yellow  flowers,  sppor- 
k  ing  in  June  and  July.  This  is  a  greyish  evergreen 
shrub,  growing  4  or  5  feet  high,  and,  in  drv  satii. 
enduring  10  or  IS  years.  The  flowers  are  pro- 
duced in  lar^e  whorls,  and  have  a  very  canspKudu^ 
appearance.  The  plant  well  merits 
a  place  in  collections,  on  accouot 
of  the  remarkable  appearance  of 
its  foliage,  independently  altogether 
of  its  flowers. 

H<uinariiiH(    offidndlii   L.    (Fl 

Qr»c.,l.L  I4.i  and  our  j^.  1310.) 

ia  a  well-known  evergreen  shrub, 

a  native  of  the  South  of  Europe, 

which   has   been  an   inhabitant  of 

TO.  nM,^ft««.         jj^j  gardens   since  1548.      There 

are  plants  of  it  in  dilfercnl  ^dcna  in  the  neifthhourbood 

of  London,  which,  as  bushes  in  the  open  border,  in  5  or  6 

fears  have  attained  the  height  of  as  many  feet,  and  breadth 

in    proportion  ;    thus    forming   very   handsome   evergreen 

bushes.      As  the  plant  flowers  from  January  to   April,  it 

forms,  when  so  treated,  a  ven  desirable  garden  ornament. 

There  are,  also,  a  variety  with  the  leaves  variegated  with 

fold  colour,  and  a  silvery-leaved  variety ;    but  these  are 

often  r.ither  weaker,  and  more  dwarf,  than  the  specie". 

"LardnduU  8pica  L.  (K.  Du  Ham,  3.  t.  IS. ;  and  our  JSg. 
131 1.),  the  common  Lavender,  is  a  well-known  fragrant  shrub, 
a  native  of  the  South  of  Europe  and  North  of  Africa,  which 
like  the  rosemary,  has  been  long  an  inhabitant  of  British  ^-  _ 
dena.  Irfdeep,  dry,caiL'areouH  sails.it  willgrowtotheheight     iii*.  ■. 


LVI.    J^RBENA  CES  :    Vl  TEX.  673 

of  3  (L,  and  fortii  a  compact  hemisphericBl  bush, 
flowering  abuodantlj  every  year     The  flowers  are 
pnerally  jiurple,  but  there 
IS    a  variety    with  white 
flowers;    and     L.  lalijolia  * 
Ehrh.,whichi5nDtuncom-  , 
moD  in  gardenB.and  which 
has  lilac  flowers,  thougli 
treated  hy  some  as  a  spe- 
aea,  is  probably  nothing 
more  than  another  variety. 
B.  S6!via    officmalU   L. 
.   (U.DuHiin].,6.t.!5.;and 
'  our^.  1312.^  is  a  well- 
known  suflVuBcose  plant,  C 
■   which,  though  seldom  seen 
above  8  ft,  in  height,  yet, 
1311    Uiind     sria.         '"   "^^^P   sandy  soil,  will 

grow  to  the  height  of  5  or  ""'  "''*     **>» 

6  feet,  and  produce  a  stem  as  thick  as  a  man's  leg.  It  is  n  native  of  the 
South  of  Europe,  and  bat  been  known  in  British  gardens  Irain  time  imme- 
moriat,  and  when  grown  in  masaes,  and  abounding  in  racemes  of  flowers,  it  is 
very  ornament  ai. 


Ordee  LVI.     KERBENA'CE^. 

Oxs.  CHiOi.  Cal^x  tubular,  persistent.  Corolla  tubular,  deciduous,  u-regiilar. 
Stamcm  S  or  4  ;  when  4,  didynamous,  rarely  equal.  OnirtNnt  8 — 4-celled. 
Style  1.  Stigma  bi6d  or  undivided.  Fnii  drupaceous  or  baccate.  Al- 
bujnen  wanting  or  very  sparing.  { G.  Don,') 

Leave!  umple,  opposite,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  digitate.  lilouxrt  terminal. 
—  Shrubs,  deciduous;  natives  of  the  South'of  Europe.  Propagated  by 
seeds,  cuttingB,  or  layers,  in  common  soil. 

Genus  I. 


a 


FrTEX  L.    Thb  Cb«9TB  Trbe.     Im.  ^tt.  Didyn^mia  An^ospermia. 
UtmlifiiaHim.    Lhi.  Oeb..  No.fM. ;  N.  Du  Hun.,  E.  p.  IISl 
OrHmliml    Yiam^'ro,  lil'blsd.  u  vlUi  uadeli  Id  cefireace  to  tll<  lexlbltltr  oTUk  •faaDU. 

Gen.  Char.,  tie.  Calt/x  short,  5-toolheH.  Corolla  bilabiate  :  upper  lip  bifid, 
lower  one  trifid  ;  middle  segment  of  the  lower  lip  the  largest.  Slametu  4, 
didynamous,  ascending,  ^igrna  bifid.  Hrvj^  contuning  a  4-cclled  nut 
CeUt  l^seeded. 

Letaei  as  in  the  Oder.     Flmaen  in  terminal  racemes,  paoicled,  bluish 
white. —  Bhnibs,  deciduous,  natives  of  the  South  of  Europe. 

»  I.   7.  A'avMi  ci'flTtJB  Z.     The  officinal,  or  true.  Chaste  Tree. 

^iwmMi.    JEl^nm  Thmphitilf  Lob.  Icon.  9.  IN.;  A'raai  ctilui  Btatka.i  npir  tetai\i 

CToril,- AtbreuFolTcc.  FolTrtuutue, />-.  I  Pfps  dl  HoBKl, /luj. 
EMtrawlufl.    Bluliw.  Herb,  t.  !!».;  H.  Du  Hmi,,&  t.  35.  i  •IxlfHir.lEf.  1)11 

S^e.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  opposite,  diptate,  7 — d-lobed :  leaflets  lanceolate, 
mostly  quite  entire,  hoary  beneath.  Racemes  terminal,  panicicd.  Flowers 
»erticil!ate.  (ffi/W.)    A  low  deciduoiis  shrub.    Sidly,  Naples, the  North  of 


674  ARBORETUM    ET   FttUTICETUM   BniTANNICUM. 

Afnc$L,'ai\6  Egypt.    Height^ri.  (06FI.  Inlrod.lSTO. 
Flowers  white,  bluish  wEite,  or  reddiah  white ;  Sqit. 
Fanelj/. 

•  V.A.  Sto^Mai.(N.DuHaiii.,Ti.p.ll6.) 

has  ihe  Idiflets  broader  and   Ehoctix  ihaii 

those  of  the  epecics.     The  spikes  of  floircn 

are  ahoncr,  and  the  Sowen  are  slwayi  blue. 

South  of  France  and  Italy. 

Its  flowers  have  an  agreeable  odour ;  but  the  lesrea 

have  an  unpleasant  smell,  although  aromatic.     No 

seeds  are  produced  in   England.      The  plant  gttiii 

ireely  in   any  soil  that  is   tolerably  dry ;   and  it  is 

readily  propagated  by  cuttings,  put  in  in  autumn,  and 

protected  with  a  hand-giaGs.   In  the  Paris  nurseries  it 

IS  frequently  raised  from  seeds  received  fram  Italy. 

and  both  in  France  and  England  the  plant  somedinet 

isu.   r. 'inueuu.         produces  suckeTS. 

«  2.  V.  (A.)  INCI'SA  Lam.     The  culJeavtd  Chaste  Tree. 
lietilitliaiiim.  Lain.  Dbct.,  JpSIl-;  Wllld.  Sp.,!.  p.391.;  K  Dn  Hun., 

Sjmonvnv-     V.  >>rr^lltf9  Beit.  Mu,  t.  B64, 
entra-ioti.    Bm.Vmm  (.K4. 1  *i>dourjl|.  igi(. 

^lec.  Char,,  j-c.    Leaves  digitate,  composed  of  five  leaflets, 

BubpinnatiRd.    (Lam.)      A   deciduous   shrub.      Ch' 

Height  4.  ft.   to  5  ft.      Introduced  in   1758.      Flo. 

bluish,  purplish,  or  whitish  ;  July  to  September. 

This  supposed  species,  though  not  common  in  British 
gardens,  is  quite  hardy  in  the  Jordin  des  Plantes,  where  it 
grows  with  great  vigour,  and  floi^ers  profusely.  Distin- 
guished at  a  glance  from  the  precedinv  and  following 
species,  by  its  long  linear  fine  deep  green  TeafletB. 

•  3.  F.  arbo'bs*  Mox.     The  arboreous  Chaste  Tree. 


Spcr.  Char,,  ^c.      Leaves  digitate  i   leaflets  onle, 

acuminate,  dentate.     A  large  shrub  1  in  its  niliTe 

country  a  small  tree,     India.      Height  30  ft. ;  in 

the  Paris  Garden   5  h.     Introduced  ?.  Flavss 

jiurpliah  ;  July  and  August. 

Readily  known   from  the  preceding  sorts  b;  its 

much  broader  leaves,  shorter,  and  of  a  paler  green. 

According  to  Roylc,  this  species  in  the  Uimalajis 

yields  a  hard  and  durable  timber,  much  used  and 

eKteemeJ.     The  plant,  in  the  Paris  Garden,  gron 

with  great  vigour,   and   is   quite  hardy,  but  doa 

not  flower  frraly. 


Subdivision  II.     MONOCHLAMY'DEiE. 
Periemlh  timpU. 

Order  LVII.     CHENOPODIA'CE.^ 

Obd.  Chas.     Perianth  deeply  divided,  and  pcrEisteut  1  icstivation  intricate 
Slamctu  equal  in  number  to  the  divisions  of  the  perianth,  or  oppoate  them. 


H'll,    CHENOPODIa'CES  :    CHENOPO^DIUM.  675 

or  fewer,  inoerted  in  the  bottom  of  the  perianth.  Ovariuin  1-seeded,  luually 
free.  Style  2 — ^left,  rarely  aioiple.  Sligmat  undivided.  Pericarp  mem- 
braoous,  valveless,  seldom  baccate.  Embryo  inarching  a  farinaceous  albumen , 
or  spiral  or  forked,  witbout  alburoen.  —  Onlj  distinguished  from  ^marao- 
tliiceie  ill  the  insertion  of  tbe  stamens.  (G.  Don.) 

Zifom  simple,Blternate,  oroppofiili,  exetipulate,  deciduous  or  fliib-ever- 
ereen  ;  eniireor  lobed.  Ftoiaeri  terminal, — Shrubs,  natives  of  the  South  of 
Europe  and  North  America.  Tbe  genera  are  three,  which  are  thus 
cootradixtinguLsbed  ;  — 

Chbnopo'dium  L.    Flowers  hermaphrodite. 

i^'tuplkx  L.    Flowers  polygamous. 

Dio'tis  Sdtrel).     Flowers  nomccious. 

Obnus  I. 

□□ 

CHENOPO'DIUM  L.     Tub  Ooosefoot.     Lin.  Syil.  Pentendria  Dig/nia. 


Gen.  Char,,  S^c.  Flowers  bisexual.  Colyi  inferior,  with  5  sepals,  permanent. 
Sltmeta  3,  hypog}moiui.  Antheri  with  round  lobes.  Slytet  2.  Sligvuu 
obtuse.     Frait  a  utricle,  invested  bj  the  calyx.  (G.  Don.) 

Leavei  shnple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  or  aub-evergreen  i  generally 
lobed,  bearing  a  friable  unctuous  seuri'.  Hovieri  axillary,  in  leafy  spikes 
or  naked  panicles,  numerous,  small,  green. —  Shrubs,  deciduous  or  sub- 
crerRreen;  natiTea  of  the  South  of  Europe;  of  the  Easiest  culture  in  any 
dry  soil,  and  readily  propagated  by  cuttings. 

■.  1.  C.  FBDTico'sDii  Sdrad.    The  shrubby  Goosefoot,  or  Stonecrop  Tree. 
m  Arbn.  .fV. ;  itnuchartlcH  Salikruu.  Gcr. 


^^e.  Char.,  S^c.  Shrubby,  upright,  ever- 
green. Leaves  scmicylindrical,  bluntish, 
imbricate.  (5DUti.}  A  low,  sub.«vergreen, 
glaucous  shrub.  South  of  Europe,  and 
Englnnd,  on  the  sea  coast.  Height  3  ft. 
to  4  ft.  Flowers  greenish,  axillary  ;  July  ' 
and  August. 

Not  unworthy  of  a  place  in  gardens  or 
shrubberies,  being  sub-evergreen  and  tolera- 
bly hardy,  remarkable  for  the  glaucous  hue  of 
the  lcave9,and  very  durable.  The  bruoches 
arc  very  brittle,  and  apt  to  break  otT.  ,,,,  j^  ,^, 

•.  2.  C.  PABViFo'i.iCM  S.  ^  S.     The  small-leaved  Goosefoot. 
HA    C.  fru(k:ftian  BIri.  Aft.  T«r.-CiH>c.  1.  p.  1St..«cJnili 


«lourj1ir.  iSia. 


s  ttq>cr,  oblong,  obtuse,  gloucescent,  ficshy 


much-branched,  spreading 


67(>  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BHITANNICUU. 

the  lonrer  half  an  inch  long,  the  floral  ones  shorter. 
Flowers  of  the  shape  of  those  of  C.  marftimum, 
three  U^ether,  attached  to  the  petiole  above  iu 
base,  not  bracteated.  The  tepals  that  attend  the 
fruit  are  equal  and  convex  at  the  back.  (^Bieb.)  A 
sub-evergreen  shrub,  frequent  in  plains  of  Eastern 
Caucasus,  towards  the  Caspian  Sea,  and  near  the 
salt  river  Gorkaja,  where  it  is  believed  to  be  dele- 
terious to  horses.  Hei^t  3  fl.  Introduced  in  IH23, 
but  very  seldom  Ibund  in  collections. 

Genus  11. 
^'TRIPLEX  L.    TsB  Oracrb.    Lm.  Syt.  Polygimia  Monxda. 

UrtO^flaUlim.    Lin.  Gm,,  7M.  i  Kng.  Flor..  4.  p,  2U. 
BvntmfrmeE.    Arrodie,  Ft-  \  Meldc,  Ger.  \  AlrfpUc*,  Ital. 
hihJj,  fa^u.  QlX  plutE.         ■  "*        "^     '"        ™    ■    "       '™" 

Gen.  Char,,  l[c.  Flowert  some  bisexual,  some  female;  those  of  both  kind) 
upon  one  plant. — SitexuaiJIovKr  with  the  calyx  inferior,  and  5  sepals.  Slamm 
5,  hypogynous.  Antheri  with  round  lobes.  —  Female  fitwer  with  the  calyl 
inferior,  deeply  divided  into  two  lai^e,  flat,  equal  or  nearly  equal,  lobo. 
Ovan/  compressed.  Prvii  a  utricle,  invested  by  the  calyx,  which  ii  do* 
enlarged.  (G.Don.) 

Leavet  simple,  eUernate  or  opposite,  stipulate,  aub-eTcrgre«n  ;  uodiriJed 
or  jagged,  bearing  a  meal-like  scurf.  Ftowen  in  axillary  or  tenninal  Sfulcs, 
numerous,  small,  greenish.  —  Shrubs,  subcrergreen,  natives  of  Europe,  «itli 
imperfectly  woody  branches,  and  succulent  leaves,  white  or  glaucoui  (taa 
being  covered  with  a  mealy  powder ;  of  easy  culture  and  propagation  ia 
•ny  Eommoo  garden  soil. 

■  ■  \.A.  Hk'i.\uvs  L.     The  Halimus  Orache,  or  7>o; 
Purilaae. 


S^mtyma.    HUimiu  lutllftliiu  lire  (rutl> 

'SS* """""'-  "■  '■"=-■  '■ 

Spec.  Char.,  rj-c.  Stem  shrubby.  Leaves 
alternate  or  opposite,  their  figure 
partaking  of  an  oblong  and  a  rhomb, 
entire.  (WiOd.)  A  loose,  rambliug, 
Bub-cverereen,  glaucous  shrub.  Spain, 
Portugal,  Virginia,  and  Siberia. 
Height  5  ft.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  in 
1640.  Flowers  small,  purplish ;  July 
and  AugusL 


as  the  tree  gets  old.      The  branches  are  very  brittle, 
end  have  but  little  pith.      The  leaves  are  soft,  white, 
and  silvery.     It  seldom  flowers  in  Britain. 
*-  t.  A.  MitTi;LAcdi'DBS  L.      The  Purslane-like,  or 
sknMy,  Orschp,  or  Sea  Purtlane. 

,  Fl.  SiMc^  SM.  M.  i  Bdc.  FIm.,  4.  9.  M6. 


LVIIl.    POLYGON A^CEiE. 


677 


^numymcf .  J9iUmus  locdndiu  Chu.  Hi$t,  M.  £  ;  H.  tq\\Ax\m  Oer.  Emae.  883.  f. ;  ASlimuf  seu 
PortuUca  marina  Bauh.  Pin.  120. ;  iltriplex  marltima,  tfAlimus  et  PorkuUca  marina  dicta,  an- 
gusttfblla,  iZarV  Sffn.  153. ;  the  narrow-leaved  Sea  Purtlane  Tree. 

Engravings.    Eng.  Bot,  t.  231.  j  and  our  Jig.  1390. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Stem  shrubby,  spreading.  Leaves  opposite,  obovate-lan- 
ceolate,  entire.  Flowers  generally  unisexual ;  those  of  both  sexes  upon 
one  plant.  (Smith.)  A  low  sub-evergreen  shrub,  of  a  silvery  glaucous  hue. 
Nortnem  shores  of  Europe;  and,  in  Britain  and  Ireland,  occasionally 
found  in  muddy  places  by  the  sea  side.  Height  1ft.  to  2  ft.  Flowers 
yellow ;  July  and  August. 

The  leaves  are  less  silvery  than  those  of  the  preceding  species ;  and  the 
whole  plant  much  smaller. 

Genus  III. 


□ 


DIO^TIS  Schreb.    The  Diotis.    Un.  Syst.  Monce'cia  Tetrdndria. 

Ideniiflcation.    Lin.  Gen.  Fl.,  ed.  Schreber,  No.  1423. ;  Eng.  Flor.,  3.  p.  408L 

SffnonjfmeM,    Ccr^6'ldei  Toum.  j  A'xyrig  Lin.  \  Ceratospermum  Pera, 

Derivation.  From  das,  twice,  and  ons,  dtos,  an  ear.  The  calyx  of  the  female  flower  endi  in  two 
■cgments,  which  fancy  mar  compare  to  eart,  although  thev  more  resemble  homi :  and  thl«  second 
idea  is  doubtless  that  referred  to  In  Toumefort's  generic  name  Cerat61des,  from  keras,  a  horn, 
gen.  kenao§,  and  dtfof,  likenefl|. 

Gen.  Char.,  S^c.  Flowers  unisexual. — Malejhwer  with  the  calyx  inferior, 
and  4  permanent  petals.  Stamens  it,  inserted  at  the  bottom  of  the  calyx  ; 
opposite  to,  and  prominent  beyond,  the  sepals. — Female  fiower  with  the 
calyx  inferior,  deeply  divided,  and  ending  in  two  horns,  permanent.  Frwt 
a  utricle,  villous  at  the  base. 

heaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  lanceolate,  entire,  bearing 
hoary  pubescence.  Flowers  in  axillary  groups,  in  leafy  spikes,  yellowish.  -— 
Shrub,  deciduous,  native  of  Siberia  and  Tartary,  of  easy  culture  in  any  dry 
soil ;  propagated  by  layers  or  cuttings  inserted 
in  the  soil,  and  covered  with  a  hand-glass. 

.a  1 .  D.  Ceratoi^des  W.    The  /t&o-horned- 
calyxed  Diotis. 

Ident^atiion.    Wilid.  Sp.  PI..  4.  p.  368. 

Sgnonymes.    A'xyris  CeratSldes  lAn.  Sp.  PL  1299. ;  Cerato- 

spfermom  pappdsum  Pert. ;  A'xyris  fhiticbsa,  fl6ribus  foeml- 

neis  lanitis,  Onul.  Sib.  31  p.  17.  No.  10.  t.  2.  f.  1. ;  Achr- 

rinthcs  pappdsa    Por$k.   Deser.  48. ;   Kratcheninnikl^TM 

caidenst.  in  Act.  Fetrop.  16.  p.  548.  t  17. ;    l^rtlca  fbliis 

lanceolitis,  fceminhUs  hirsiitit^Iioy.Lngdb.ilQ.i  Ceratlildct 

orient4Us  fhiUotea  £letgni  fblio  Toum.  Cor.  52. ;  Orien- 

tallaches  Doppelohr,  Ger. 
Engravings.  Jacq.  Ic  Rar.,  1. 1.  189. ;  and  oar>^.  1321. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  See  Gen.  Char.  A  low  deciduous 
shrub,  with  recumbent  branches.  Siberia  and 
Tartary.  Height  2  ft.  Introduced  in  1780. 
Flowers  apctalous,  yellow,  sweet-scented; 
March  and  April.  „,,,  d.c««wi«. 


Order  LVIIL    POLYGONA^CEiE. 

Ord,  Chab.     Perianth  divided ;    aestivation  imbricate.      Stamens  definite, 
inserted  in  the  base  of  the  perianth.     Ovarium  free,  1-seeded.     Styles  or 

stigmas  numerous.    Frtai  naked  or  covered.    Albumen  mealy. The  erect 

ovulum  and  superior  radicle  separate  this  order  from   PhytoUcem  and 
Chenopddese.  (G,  Don.) 

X  X  3 


678  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  with  cohesive  stipules,  deciduous  or  sab* 
evergreen  ;  when  young,  rolled  backwards.  FUmen  occasionally  unisexual, 
often  in  racemes. — Low  suffiruticose  shrubs,  natives  of  the  South  of  Europe 
and  Asia,  included  in  three  genera,  which  are  thus  contradistinguished  :  — 

Tragopy'rubt  Bieb.     Calyx  5-sepaled.     Stamens  8.     Styles  3. 
i^TRAPHA^xis  L,     Calyx  5^epaled.     Stamens  6.     Styles  bifid. 
Calli'gonum  L.     Calyx  5-parted.     Stamens  16.     Styles  3 — ^,  united  at 
the  base. 

Genus  I. 


n 


TRAGOPY'RUM  Bieb,    The  Goat-Wheat.    Uti,  Syst.  Octindria 

Trig^nia. 

Ident^ficatUm,    Bieb.  Flor.  Taurico-Caucaa.,  8.  p.  SM. 

Svnonjftne.    Polygonum  Lot.  Hort  Up*.  95. 

Derivation.  Tragos,  a  gtnt,  and  puros,  wheat.  Tho  S-cornered  fruits  of  luch  of  the  PcrfTgonicM 
as  have  them  are  comparable,  with  some  allowance,  to  wheat ;  and  goats  may  feed  upon  tboie  of 
the  Tragop^ruro,  or  upon  the  shrubs  themselves ;  or  it  may  be  that  the  name  lias  been  bivenlHl 
ar  one  readJlv  distinctive  trom  the  name  Fagop^nim,  now  the  name  of  a  genus  that  indodes  tiie 
dilferent  kinds  of  buck>wheat 

Gen,  Char.,  ^c.  Calyx  inferior,  with  sepals  that  are  imbricate  in  sstiyation, 
permanent ;  the  two  exterior  smaller,  the  three  interior  investing  the  fruit, 
which  is  an  achenium,  that  is,  S-comered  in  a  transverse  section  of  it. 
Stamens  8.     Styles  3.  {G.  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  or  sub-evergreen ;  spathu- 
late.  Flowers  in  axillary  racemes.  — Shrubs,  small,  sub-evergreen,  suffiru- 
tescent;  natives  of  the  South  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  Ainerica;  propagated  by 
seeds  or  layers  in  dry  soil. 

The  species  are  extremely  interesting  and  beautiful  little  shrubs,  and  it  b 
much  to  be  regretted  that  they  are  so  very  seldom  seen  in  collections.  Though 
they  require  heath  soil,  and  some  little  time  to  be  (irmly  established,  jet 
when  once  they  are  so,  from  their  compact  neat  habit  of  growth,  very  little 
care  will  be  necessary  afterwards.  They  never  can  require  much  prumng; 
are  quite  hardy ;  and,  provided  the  soil  be  not  allowed  to  get  too  dry  in  the 
heat  of  summer,  they  are  always  certain  of  flow'eiing  freely. 

t^Jk  l.T.  lancbolaVum  Bieb.    The  lanccolate4pao«f  Goat-Wheat 

Identifleation.    Bieb.  FI.  Taurico-Cancas. 

SuTumyma.    Polygonum  fVutgscens  WiUd.  ftp.  PA  2.  p.  440. ;  straucbartiger  Rnijterig,  Ger. 

Engravings.    OmeL  Sib.,  3. 1. 13.  f.  2. ;  Bot.  Reg.,  t.  254. ;  and  iMr/ig.  1322. 

Spec,  Char,,  Sfc,  Stem  spreading  widely. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  tapered  to  both  ends, 
flat.  Ochrca  lanceolate,  shorter  than  the 
intemodc.  The  2  exterior  sepals  reflexed, 
and  the  3  interior  ones  obcordntc. 
Flowers  octandrous,  trigynous.  A  low, 
branchy,  sub-evergreen  shrub.  Siberia  and. 
Dahuria.  Height  1  ft.  to  2  ft.  Introd.  1770, 
but  rare  in  collections.  Flowers  whitish 
and  rose-coloured ;  July  and  August. 

Branches  twiggy.  Leaf  with  a  frosty  hue, 
spathulate-lanceolate,  nearly  1  in.  long,  se- 
veral times  longer  than  broad ;  its  edge  ob- 
scurely indented.  The  petiole  short.  The 
calyxes  arc  whitish,  varic^ted  with  rose 
colour,  and  persistent ;  and  of  the  5  sepals 
to  each  flower,  the  3  that  invest  the  ovary 


Lviii.  polygonaYe*  :  ,*trapha'xis.  679 

after  the  flowering  become  more  eatirdy  roaj.  The  pedicels,  erect  while 
bearinR  the  flower,  after  the  flowering  become  defleied,  and  render  the  fruit 
penduloui.  The  plant  foniiE  n  bemiapberical  bush  S  or  3  feet  high  ;  which, 
during  great  part  of  July  and  August,  is  covered  with  its  beautiful  white 
flowers,  tingea  with  pink;  and  forme  a  trul;  admirable  olject.  It  thrives 
beat  in  peat  soil,  and  is  worthy  of  a  prominent  place  in  the  most  select 
collectiona  of  shrubs. 

Ji  2.  T.  OTxifo'liun  Bieb.     The  Boi[>leaved  Goat- Wheat. 
liaiMktUm.    Blrti.  Fl.  Tiurlco-CuKU. 
%KiiqnM>.     PoltgoDum  criipulmn  tut.  ■  SIih  Bet.  H(f .  1.  lOU.  (  F. 

uvcAtlcaiD  H^fimamuegM. 
fugmtrnti-    But.  ■Ii(,no«t.i  uidaacj^.  I3a. 
^c.  Char.,  f .      Leaf  obovate,  obtuse,   tipped  with   a  J 
short  mucro ;   the  lateral  margins  undulated  and  re-  | 
flexed,  ^abrous.     Ochreas  with  2  awns.     A  decumbent  i 
shrub.      Siberia.      Stems  2  d.     Introduced  in  1800. 
Flowers  white  ;  July.    Fruit  red  ;  ripe  in  September. 
The  leaves  are  of  a  light  green  colour,  rather  rounded 
in  outline,  about  1  in.  in  diameter,  and  deciduous.     The 
flowers  are  produced  in  long  racemes,  are  nodding  and 
white.     The  fruit  is  enclosed  by  the  3  inner  sepals,  which 
become,  Bi  the  fruit  ripens,  of  a  roBj  colour.  "b   T.humiiuo. 

.-  3.  T.  polt'oavum;^.     The  polygamouB-MrJrn^  Goal>Wheat. 
UnUtlkalliim.    Spiwif.  gjit.  Trf.,1.  p.  XM. 

^moHtrma.    Palfgniium  pDlfptnum  Fnii.  Cilt  t.  $B.  -.  P.  purlRlUuiB  KmU,  Gtn.  I,  p.  W(. 
Emgrmingt.    Veai.  Cell-,  t-&>. ;  aadoarflg.  1334. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^e.    Leaves  Bpatbulate-linear.      Ochreas  . 

lanceolate,  shorter  than  the  intemodes.     Flowers  in 

bruiched  racemes,  whose  rachises  are  thread^ehaped. 

Styles  distiact.  {Spreng.')  A  diminutive  upright  shrub. 

Carolina,  in  sandy  wastes.     Height   6  in.   to   1  ft 

Introduced  in  1810.    Flowers  small,  greenish  white; 

July  and  August. 

T.  polygemuro  Spr.  diSen  from  T.  lanceol^tum 
Sieb.,  eipeciallr  in  the  following  points :  stem  very 
much  branched ;  leaf  epatbulate  ;  sexes  polygamotu  ; 
sepals  expanded  during  the  flowering  ;  and  ochreas 
entire  at  the  top.  The  polygamous  condition  of  the 
sexes  consists  in  the  flowers  of  the  seme  plant  being 
some  bisexual,  some  female,  laj^.  I324.a  isastameo, 
b  the  pistil,  and  c  the  bisexual  flower. 

T.  maritrnia,  a  ^>ecie8  from  North  America,  was  sent 
to  the  Horticultural  Society  by  Hr.  Douglas,  in  1826. 


□ 


./ITRAPHA'XIS  L.    Thb  Atrapbaxis.    tin.  S-/il.  Hexindria  Digynia. 

Hauifiaa^m.    Schreb-Lla.  Oto..  No.  SIS.  i  WlUd.  Sp,  Fl..  i.  p.  MS. 

jwMMswiM.    ^tilplai  Totn.  i  Bcniich[asl<l«,  Gir. 

BrmoMn.  AcconUng  to  101111!,  (tnin  o  priTntii*.  lod  IrrpH.  to  nourlih ;  In  illtulon  to  the  tniH. 
•rtalcli.UHUfhIiiiarmUltlhMlDf  thoKDck.whai.t.unailbrriwdi  ■orordlDi  (oothin  poflifg 
athr^otButtmttnm  Hi  couLog  up  qulckJj  rrom  wtxE.  tU,  on  the  eljtlichcUj. 

Gen.   Ciar.,  ^,     Caiyz  inferior,  of  *  leaves,  in  an  outer  smaller  pair,  and  an 


680 


ARBORETUM   £T   FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


interior  pair,  the  latter  resembling  petals;  or  4-parted,  with  the  lobes 
equal.  Stamens  6.  Stigmas  2,  in  one  species  ;  style  biAd,  in  the  other. 
Fruit  compressed,  in  one  species  ;  roundish,  in  the  other.  (Q,  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  sub-evergreen  ;  small,  more  or  less 
ovate.  Flowers  terminal,  white,  tinged  with  pink.  —  Shrubs,  spinose,  low, 
decumbent ;  natives  of  the  South  oF  Europe.  Culture  as  in  Tragopyrum. 

^  \.  A,  SPINO^SA  L,    The  sitme-bramJwd  Atraphaxis. 

Identification,    Lin.  Hort.  Cliff.,  13S. ;  Willd.  Sp.  Pl.»  2.  p.  MB. 
Synonyme.     Jtripl«x  orieoUUiA,  friktez  aeuleitos,  (K»re  pfllchro,  Tbiva. 

C<}r,  851. 
Engramttgt.    Deiid.  Brit.,  1. 119.  s  and  oar  fig.  I3S6. 

Spec,  Char.f  S^c.  Spinose,  with  the  branches  ascending, 
horizontal,  or  deflexed.  Leaves  glaucous,  ^  in.  long, 
or  less  ;  disk  ovate,  acute,  petiole  short,  (^yx  of  4 
leaves.  (  Willd:)  A  low  sub-evergreen  shrub.  Borders  of 
the  Caspian  Sea  and  the  Levant.  Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft. 
Litrod.  1732.  Flowers  white,  tinged  with  pink; 
August.     Seeds  brown,  occasionally  ripened. 

It  thrives  best  in  sandy  peat,  and  is  propagated 
by  layers.  So  elegant  and  rare  a  plant  deserves 
a  place  in  every  choice  collection. 

■tt  2.  A.  UNDULA^TA  L,     The  Vfaved4eaved 

Atraphaxis. 

Tdmt^leal&m.   Lin.  Hort.  Cliff.,  1S7. ;  Willd.  Sp.  PI.,  i.  p.  S49. 
EngroptngB.    Dill.  Elth.,  t.  32.  C  36. ;  and  our  Jv.1326. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Less  rigid  than  A,  spinosa,  and  not  spiny.  Leaves 
ovate,  waved  at  the  edges,  and  of  a  greener  hue.  Calyx  4-parted, 
lobes  equal,  ovate,  and  concave.  Stamens  lanceolate.  Style  bifid. 
Fruit  roundish.  hViUd,)  Alow  shrub.  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 
Height  6  in.  to  1  n.   Introd.  1732,  rare.  Flowers  whitish;  June  and  July. 

Genus  III. 


13211.    A, 


!5as 


□ 


CALLrGONUM  L.    The  Calligonum.    Lin.  St^st.  Dodedindria  Tetii- 

g^nia. 

Idtntiftcation.    Lin.  Gen.,  680. ;  Willd.  Sp.  Fl.,  2.  p.  926. 
Synonfpnei.    Pall4iia  L.,  Pteroc6ccui  Patt, 

Derivatipn.    KaUos,  beauty,  gonut  a  knee ;  m  description  of  the  neat  and  Jointed  character  of  ^ 
branches. 

Gen,  Char,,  Sfc,  Calyx  inferior,  persistent,  turbinate  in  the  lower  part,  ending 
upwards  in  a  5-parted  spreading  border ;  the  two  outer  lobes  rattier  smaller. 
Stamens  about  16  ;  the  filaments  slightly  united  at  the  base,  and  then 
diverging.  Anthers  je\XsXe,  Germen  4-sided,  acuminate.  Styles  4  or  3. 
Stigmas  capitate.  FruU  an  achenium,  that  has  4  sides  and  4  wings.  (G, 
Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  :  caducous,  minute. 
Shoots  rush-like,  smooth,  green.  Flowers  in  groups,  whitish. — Shrub  erect, 
evergreen  fi'om  the  colour  of  the  shoots ,  natives  of  Siberia.   Layers. 

A  L  C.  PALLA's/ii  L'Herit     Pallas's  Calligonum. 


Identification.    L*H«rit.  Stirp.,  S.  p.  S7.  j  Willd.  Sp.  PI.,  S.  p.  927. 
Synomifme*.    Pteroc6ccus  apnf  llus  PaU.  Voti,  S.  p.  738.  t.  8. ;  CalUgooom 
r«  _  .«^     «_,..._  -'  -'a^Xin.  JU.  SuppL  252.  8a»ipm\iiBwe9eL\  P« 


KfiS!iSii:££^ 


3.  p.  536. ;  PallAsM  cispica  J^in.  JU.  SnppL  2S2.  8a»mm  In  EnegcL  \ 
Fl.  Rots.  2.  p.  70.  t.  77, 78. ;  Caspiacher  Hackenknopf;  Ger. 
Engraving*.  Vail.  Fl.  Ross.,  2.  t.  77, 78. ;  and  our^t.  1237.  and  1218. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.    Fruit  winged;   wings  membranous,  ciurlcdj  and  toothed. 


I 


LIX.    ZAURACEA:    £AIT'RUS. 

^  L'Hrril.)  A  low  shrub,  evergreen  rrom  the  colour  of  its 
ahoots.  Banks  of  the  Ctupion  Ses,  and  on  gravelly  hills 
near  tlieWolga,at  Astmcan.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introd. 
1780.  Flowers  whitish  ;  May. 
Fruit  crimaon ;  July;  euccu- 
lent,  acid,  and  eatable. 
A  very  curious  plant,  well  de- 
soriog  the  attention  of  collectors 
of  botanical  rarities.  Though  long 
since  introduced,  it  is  now  lost  to 
British  gardens. 


Order  LIX.    ZAURA'CE^E. 

Ohd.  Char.  Perianth  4 — 6-cleft ;  leBiiTation  imbricate.  Slamnt  definite, 
perigynous ;  opposite  the  segments,  but  often  double  their  number,  in  two 
series.  Anther*  ednate,  2 — 4-celled.  Osanum  free,  l-seeded.  Style  and 
Stigma  simple.     Fnat  o  berry  oriirupe.     Albumen  none,  (G.  -Don.) 

Leave*  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  seldom  opposite,  evct^reen  or 
deciduous  ;  entire,  or  very  rarely  lobed.  Injlareicence  panicled  or  umbeled. — 
Trees  or  shrubs,  deciduous  or  evergreen  ;  natives  of  Asia  and  North  America, 
and  one  of  them  of  the  South  of  Europe.     Propagated  by  seeds  or  layers. 

Genus  I, 


HwfflQ 


LAU'RUSL.   The  Laurbl,  or  £.«r.  Tree.    Ua.  Sgit.  Enneindris 
Monog^nia. 
MnUttcofm.    Lin.  On..  No.  HI..  Id  put. 
^nHwnfj.    SiiH^mi  Mnd  Bemttlm,  C.  O.  Vw  EiailHck;  Daphiii.  Cntt;  Lmirtet,  A-.| 


DfT'huvfl-    From  Jaw,  pmlH 


rmr^  proceuJoDi     Tlwre  upeui  tomit  liaulic  at  th< 
tDniiii>,iailth«IH|>lini<irth«Gr»ki.  (Sn  D(|ibiHi.) 


Gen.  Char.,  ^.  Sexei  polygamous  or  dicecious.  Cal^i  with  6  sepals. 
Stataen*  9  ;  6  exterior,  3  interior,  and  each  of  them  haviiv  a  pair  of  gland- 
like bodies  attached  to  its  base.  These  last  have  been  deemed  imperfect 
stamens.  Anlken  adnate ;  of  3  cells  in  most  of  the  species,  of  4  unequal 
ones  in  the  others:  each  cell  is  closed  by  a  vertical  valve  that  opens 
elastically,  and  often  carries  up  the  pollen  in  a  mass.  FnM  a  carpel,  pulpy 
externally  and  including  one  seed.  Cott/tedom  eccentrically  peltate.  (wUld^ 
Leavct  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen ;  entire  or 
lobed.  Flouiert  in  small  conglomerate  umbels  or  bracceate  racemes. — 
Shrubs  or  low  trees,  deciduous  or  evergeen  ;  natives  of  the  South  of  Europe, 
Worth  of  Africa,  and  America.     Propagated  by  seeds  or  layers. 

A.  Leevet  evergreen. 
*  t  I.  L.  no'bius  L.    The  noble  Laurel,  or  Smeel  Sag. 

I.    Un- gp..  W».  1  WflM.  '     "■ 


ET  FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 

lanceolate,  vein;.  (  WiUdA     An  evergreen  low  tre«  or  large  ahrub.     Italf, 
Greece,  and  North  of  Africa.  Height  30  ft.  (o  60  ft.  Introduced  in  1562,  or 
before.  Flowers  white  or  yellow  ;  April  and  May.  Bcrrj  very  dark  purple ; 
ripe  in  October. 
Fariftict. 

■  L.  n.  2  undidaia  Mill. — A  low  shrub,  seldom  growing  higher  than  4  or 

Gfeel,  with  leaves  waved  on  the  edges,  which  is  etated  in  tlie  AWnraa 

Dtt  Hamel  to  be  hardier  than  the  species, 
a  L,  «.  3  aalicifd/ia  Swt.    L.  a.  BtiguatifBlia  Lodd.  Cat.— A.  shrub,  rathw 

higher  than  the  preceding  variety,  with  long  narrow  leaves,  not  N 

thick  as  those  ol  the  siiecies,  and  of  a  tighter  green, 
a  L.  n.  4  variegdta  Swt.    !L.  n.  fol.  var.  Lodd.  Cat.  —  Leaves  variegated. 

■  L.  n.  5   lalif&Ua   MilL  —  Leaves  much  broader  and  smoother  Chaa 

those  of  the  species.     This  is  the  broad-leaved  bay  of  Asia,  Spain, 
and  Italy,  and  it  is  generally  considered  as  too  tender  for  tbc  opes 
air  in  England. 
(n  L.  n.  6  crhpa  Lodd.  CbI.  —  Leaves  somewhat  curled. 
*  L.  It.  Ifiore  plena  N.  Du  Ham.  —  Flowers  double. 
An  evergreen  tree,  or  rather  enonnous  shrub,  sometimes  growing  to  the 
height  of  60  ft.,  but  always  displaying  a  tendency  to  throw  up  sut^en;  and 
rarely  assnmiog  a  tree-like  character.    The  leaves  are  evergreen,  and  of  a  Erm 
texture  ;  [hey  have  an  agreeable  smell,  and  an  aromadc,  subacrid,  slightly  bit- 


terish taate.  The  plant  requires  a  good  free  soil,  and  it  will  not  thrive  in  lbs 
open  air,  in  a  climate  much  colder  uian  that  of  the  environs  of  London.  It 
ia  generally  pr<q)Bgated  by  layei«  i  but,  as  the  berries  are  ripened  in  the  South 
of  England,  and  can  be  bad  in  abundance  from  France,  the  specie*  is  toy 


LIX.    iAURA^CE*:   iAU'RUS.  683 

generally  increased  trom  seeds,  and  the  varieties  only  raised  from  layers  or 
cuttings. 

9  Catetb.     The  Carolina  Laurel,  or  Red  Bay. 

,  .  .    .  .    i  N.  Du'lUn'.,  s.  t.  39.  iiDd 

X,  udjlf .  ml.  ftftar  Du  HuieL. 

Spec,  Char.,  S^c.  Evergreen.  Leaves  oval,  lanceolate,  slightly  glaucoiu  be- 
neath. Flowers  in  peduncled  axillary  groups.  {Spreng.)  An  everereeD 
tTee,in  England  a  lomewhat  tender Bhrub.  ViraiiUB  to  Louisiana.  Height 
60 ft.  to  70  (t.  in  America ;  &h.  to  10  ft.  in  En^and.  Introduced  in  L739. 
Flowers  whitish  ;  May. 


Varieliet. 

I   L.  c.  8  glabra  Purah.  —  Leaves  slightly  slabroue. 
t   L.  c.  3  fntbiicem  Pursh.  —  Leaves  sli^tly  puhesceDL 
1   L.  c.  4  oblitut  Pucsh.  —  Leaves  ovate-obtuse. 
Only  suitable  Tor  warni  or  sheltered  siiuations,  or  for  being  placed  against  ii 

I  3.  L.  CkTt.fBIA'}iA  Michx.     Catesby's  Laurel,  or  Bed  Bay. 

^pwn^M.' i.icBliUlii.*!.  ^src.MS.  I  l..rBtrt\%  Mm. 

EngmwlDp.    ClMib.  Cor.,  t.  W.  j  uu)  larjlg.  13)1. 

Spfc.  Char.,  Ifc.     Evergreen.      Leaves  ovate-  ^ 

lanceolate,  gloss}'.      Flowers  in  d  termini  \ 

penicl&     Fruit  ovate.  {Spreng.  Sytt.)     An 

evergreen  shrub.     Sea  coast  of  Georgia  and 

Carolina.    Height Sft.  to  lOft.     Introduced 

in   1920.      Flowers   white ;    May.      Berries 

black,  based  by  red  caly-xea,  on  thick  red 

peduncles ;  never  seen  io  England. 

We  are  uncertain  as  to  the  hardiness  of  this 
ipeciea,  not  having  seen  living  plants,  except 
in  the  grocD-boiisc  of  the  Jardin  des  Plantes.  ,„,.  i,  cwibux. 

B   LeoMt  dedduoiu, 
i  i,  L.  SA'3SAFlt.is  L      The  Sassafras  Laurd,  or  Sattafiai  Tree. 
UrmtiftMii.    Lin.  Han.  CUIT.  IM. ;  Wmd.  Sp.  Fl ,  3.  p.  Ms. ,  Ponb  Sept.,  I.  p.  tn- 


AABORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    URITAN 


«  SAunftat  SprvllB. ;  Laurl 


Swc.  Char.,  j-r.     Sexes  discioua.     Arborescent.     I.eaves  and  flowers  pro- 
duced from  the  saiae  buds,    Buda,  younger  branches,  and  the  under  Koiatt 
at  the  leaves,  pubescent.     Leaves  entire,  or  with  % — 3  lobes.    Veins  po- 
minent  on  the  under  side.     Flowers  in  corymbose  coD|;IomeiBte  TtcetMt. 
Anthers  with  4unei]ual  cells.  In  the  feoiale  flower,  additionally  to  tbe  pistil, 
are  6  gland-like  bodies,  like  thoEe  in  the  male  flowers.  (A'u/f.)    A  decidu- 
ous tree.     South  Carolina,     Height  40  ft.  to  SO  (t.     Introduced  m  1G33. 
Flowers  greenish   yellow,   slight,  odoriferous  ;  April   and   Hay.    Serriei 
bright  deep  blue,  contained  in  small  dark  red  cups ;  ripe  in  September. 
The  sassafras  tree  often  grows,  even  in  Eneland,  to  the  same  height  si  Id 
America,     The  leaves,  which  vtay  very  much  in  size  and  shape,  are  cotctdI, 
when  they  first  appear,  with  a  soft  woolly  down;  they  are  nnenlly  de«^y 
lobed,  on  long  footstalks,  and  of  n  pale  green  ;  they  (all  olF  cany  in  auiunin  tX 


an  intense  red  and  yellow.  Any  free  soil,  rather  moist  than  in,  will  suit  this 
species,  which  b  graerally  propsgaled  from  imported  seeds.  'Hiese  shouU  be 
sown,  or  put  in  a  rot-heap,  bs  soon  as  received,  as  they  remain  ■  year,  and 
sometimes  two  or  three  years,  in  the  ground,  before  they  come  up.  It  laa? 
also  be  propagated  by  cuttings  of  the  roots,  or  bv  suckers,  which  toe  roots  of 


LIX.    LUVRA  CEJE  :    LAV'KVS.  686 

old  trrM  throw  up  in  great  abun  lance.  The  situBtion  where  the  tree  is  finall  v 
planted  should  be  sheltered ;  and,  in  the  North  of  England  and  in  Scotland, 
to  insure  fine  foliage,  it  should  be  planted  against  a  wall. 

m  5.  L.  BESzo'n 


Spba  Wood,  oi  vOd  AUiplcs,  Amt 
SmtraUm^.    Coma.  Hint..  I.  t.n. ;  Flulc  llm.,1.  13 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  euneate-obovate, 
entire,  the  under  side  whitish  and  partly 
pube»ceo^  deciduous.  Sexes  polygainous. 
Flowers  in  umbels.  Buds  and  pedicels 
of  the  umbels  glabrous.  Leares  without 
nerves,  ovate,  acute  at  both  ends.  (  WUtd.) 
A  deciduous  shrub.  Virginia.  Height 
JOft.  tol2rt.  Introduced  in  1688.  Flow- 
ers yellowish  green  j  March  and  April. 
Beniea  scarlet ;  seldom  or  never  seen  on  i 
the  plants  in  England.  I 

In  British  gardens,  it  forms  a  rather  ' 
tender  peat-eaith  shrub,  handsome  from  its 
large  leaves,  but  seldom  thriving,  eiccpt 
where  the  soil  is  kept  moist  and  the  situa- 
tion sheltered.  It  b  propagated  from  iiu- 
fiortcd  seeds,  which  rcqiiire  to  be  treated 
Ike  those  of  Laurus  Sdttafrat  ;  by  layers ; 
or,  whh  difficnity,  by  cuttings. 


I  6.  L.  (B.)  Siospr'BUs  Pm.  The  Diospyrus-Uir  Laurel,  or  Bay. 


.^I^t  SfU-.I^p.  «M.  1  Pui»h_Soiit.,  I.P.W6 


..  , , ».  B.  Car.  tl,. 

£iWra>Al«(.    BotMlg:.  t  1470.,  iDdour^,  1339. 

Spec.  Char.,   <^.      K^it   low,    surculose,   twiggy. 
Leaves  oblong-oval,  and   entire,  the   under  ^c 
veiny  and   pubescent,  deciduous.      Flower  buds 
and  pedicels  villous.  -  Seies  dioecious.  {Nait.)   A 
running,  twigi^,  deciduous   sbnib.    Virania  and 
Carolina,  iu  swamps.    Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.    Intro- 
duced in  IBIO.     Flowers  greenish  yellow;  April. 
Berries  scarlet  or  puiple  ;  rarely  seen  in  England.  J 
Leaves  opaque,  oblong-oval,  attenuated  towards  ^ 
the  base,  entire,  the  under  side  veiny  and  pQbcscent, 
deciduous.      Scales   of   the    buds    purple,   villous. 
Younger  branches  villous.     This  species  so  closely 
resembles  L.  Beraom,  as  to  leave  no  doubt  in  our 
mind  that  it  is  only  a  variety  of  it  an   i.  w  w 

A  7.  L.  oeniltilaTa  Jficir.    The  knee- Hexed-ironcifli  Laurel,  o 
;  Funli  Sspt,  I .  p.  Sfi. 


Entrawlnft.    Bot.  M.«.,  t.  Ifll.;  «nd  ourA.  ISM. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Branches  divaricUe  and  flexuous.  Leaves  cuncntc-obloni;, 
mostly  obtuse,  about  I J  in.  long,  in  many  instances  less  than  half  on  inch 
wide,  entire,  glabrous,  eiccpt  upon  the  under  side  near  the  base.     Flowers 


686 


ARBORETUM   £T    FRUTICETUM   BaiTAKMlCUM. 


in  terminal  small  umbels,  that  are  upon 
conspicuous  footstalks  and  smooth.  An- 
thers unequally  4-celled.  Sexes  polyga- 
mous. (Nutt,)  A  deciduous  shrub,  with 
the  branches  flexuous,  grey,  smooth,  and 
so  remarkably  divaricated  as  to  give  a  cha^ 
racteristic  appearance  to  the  ponds  which 
they  border.  Virginia  to  Florida,  in  sandy 
swamps,  and  on  the  margins  of  lagoons. 
Height  8  ft.  to  12  ft.  Introduced  in  1759. 
Flowers  yellow  ;  April  and  May.  Berries 
globose,  scarlet ;  rarely  seen  in  England. 


1336.    £..  ganienlkbi. 


Order  LX.     THYMELA^CE^. 

Ord,  Char,  PerianUi  tubular,  coloured,  4— deleft,  often  ftimished  with  scales 
in  the  throat  Stamens  usually  8,  sometimes  4,  rarely  2,  inserted  in  the  throat 
of  the  perianth.  Ovarium  superior,  1-seeded.  Stigma  undivided.  FruU 
nucamentaceous  or  drupaceous.  Albumen  thin,  fleshy,  or  none.  (G.  Don.) 
Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen ;  entire, 
coriaceous.  Flowers  terminal  or  axillary,  showy,  fragrant. — Shrubs  or  sub- 
shrubs  ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  America;  propagated  by  seeds,  layers, 
or  grafting.     The  genera  are  two,  which  are  thus  contradistinguished:  — 

i>A'PHNE  L,     Calyx  4-parted.    Stigma  capitate.    Fruit  pulpy. 
Di^RCA  L,    Calyx  4-toothed.     Stigma  pointed.    Fruit  dry. 


Genus  L 


□□□□□ 


DATHNE  L.    The  Daphne.    Lin.  Syst.  Octandria  Monog^ia. 

identification.    Liu.  Gen.,  19S. ;  Bng.  Flora,  S.  p.  S28. 

Symmffmes.  rhymela^a  Town.  hut.  t.  866.,  Garin.  t.  S9. ;  Daphne,  Fr.\  Seiddtwit,  Ger.\ 
Dafne,  ItaL 

Derivation.  Dapkne  is  considered  by  some  botanists  to  hare  been  the  Greek  name  of  the  ffdseni 
racembsus,  or  Alexandrian  laurel,  into  which  it  is  fabled  that  Daphne  was  cbansed.  **  Wbr  tbs 
name  has  been  applied  to  the  shrubs  now  called  Diiphne,  it  is  not  easy  to  say.**  (Lindl.  Sol.  iE<ft 
1. 1177.)  It  is  stated  in  Rees*s  dfchpadia,  under  Ladrus,  that  L  n6bills  *Ms  certainlj  the 
Dapkne  of  Dioscorides,  and  consequently  the  classical  laurel.  It  is  still  called  by  the  same  oane 
among  the  modem  Greeks ;"  this  ia  also  the  popular  belief.  (See  St.  Pierre^s  E'tuda  it  » 
Nature,  Lempriere's  Clai$.  Diet.,  &c.  ftc.)  Supposing  the  DapHuti  to  hare  been  the  ZAdrai 
n6bllis.  or  bay  tree,  it  is  easy  to  account  for  its  being  applied  to  this  genus,  the  D.  Mnirewm 
being  formerly  called  the  dwarf  bay  in  EngUnd ;  and  nearly  all  the  species  retaining  the  nsm«ioi 
laureole  and  utureola  in  France  and  Italy. 

Gen,  Char.  Calyx  inferior,  somewhat  salver-shaped  ;  in  most,  of  some  other 
colour  than  that  of  the  leaves,  and,  from  its  shape  and  colour,  resembling  a 
corolla;  segments  of  its  limb  4,  deep,  ovate,  or  oblong,  imbricate  in  aestivap 
tion.  Stamens  8,  in  two  rows ;  the  filaments  with  but  a  short  part  distinct 
from  the  tube  of  the  calyx ;  the  anthers  not  prominent  beyond  it.  Ovary 
solitary.  Style  very  short.  Stigma  capitate.  Fruit  an  ovate  carpel,  pulp) 
externally.    Seed  I.    (Willd,) 

Leaves  simple,  in  most  alternate ;  if  not  alternate,  opposite,  exstipiilate, 
deciduous  ;  entire.  Flowers  terminal  or  axillary,  mostly  in  groups,  highly 
fragrant. — Undershrubs,  eveig;reen  and  deciduous ;  natives  chiefly  of  Europe, 
but  partly  also  of  the  cooler  parts  of  Asia,  including  Japan  and  China. 
The  odour  of  some  of  the  species  is  very  agreeable.  They  are  all  beautifol, 
and  rather  difficult  to  propagate,  except  by  seeds,  or  grafting  on  D.  Laureola 
They  thrive  beftt  in  heath  soil. 


LX.    THYHELA  CEjB  :    DA  PUKE.  6t»7 

A.  Leavei  detHuotu. 

M  I    D.  Mez^mcVM  L.     The  Mezereon  Daphni^  or  common  Maxreon. 

/Jr^,ii,at,n    LId.  Sp.  P]..  p.  H9. :  Wind.  Sp.  Pt,  1.  p.  lit.  i  Eng.  Flora,  t.  p.  tK. 

Sjntnwmtt-    Spurn  0U*«,  Spnrn  FIak  (  Fiowerina  Spurn,  FarkMuM  i  Dwarf  Bar,  Ga^ 

LiuKOlt  toiHUa.  BoU  Rslll,  Hciirsaii.  Bnla  Jolt  Fr.  ;  iniiidDer  S«tdclbait,  or  Kpllcrl 

Iter.  1  Pepenektita  I>apbpe.  DWc* ;  Luireoli  femlai,  BtoDdeUa,  Ci 

for  Uilt  riirub- 

^C-  CW.,  j-c  LesTcs  lanceolate,  deciduous.  FInwcrs  distributed  oTer  - 
ihe  branches  in  threes  mostly,  and  in  pairs  and  fours,  eipanded  before  the 
lenteg  are  protruded.  {WiM^  A  low,  fastigisce,  deciduous  shrub.  North  oT 
Europe,  in  woods ;  and  in  the  South  and  West  of  England,  but  rare.  Hdebt 
3  tt.  to  4  ft.  Flowers  red ;  Februarj',  March,  or  April.  Berries  red ;  npe 
in  August  or  September. 
Farielui. 

M  H.yi.  2 JIAredlbo.  —  Flowers  white,  and  fhiit  yellow. 
^  D.   H.  3   auhimiialc.  —  Habit  spreading  ; 
also  tvitb  larger  leave*  tban  the  species, 
and  produdng  its  flowers  in  autumn.     A 
mon   desirable   shrub,   being  commonly 
covered  with   it»  gay   pinkish    blossoma 
from  Norember  to  Marcb. 
The  whole  shrub  is  poisonous  to  human  beings, 
though  the  berries  are  fsTourite  food  for  Gocbea 
and   other   birds,  more  especially   the  robin.     It 
is    of   easy    culture,    and    generally    propagated 
by  aeeds;   which,    if  suffered  to  get  dry  before 
they   are  sown,    will   remain   two   years   in    the 
soil;  but  which,  if  sown  in  autumn  inuncdiatelv 
after  gathering  them,  generally  come  up  the  fol- 
lowing spring.      The  best  time  for  transplanting 
thb  shrub  is  in  October,  as  it  begins  to  v(^tatc  . 
very  soon  after  Christmas.     It  thrives  most  in  a 
loamy  soil,  and  in  an  open  situation  ;  and,  when 
it  is  properly  treated,  and  has  room,  it  will  in  8 
orlOyearsfbnn  e  bush  5  or  6  feet  high,  and  7  or  8 
feet  in  diameter,     The  white  variety  is  commonly  ,aj,  a.Mttiwmw^ 

selected  ftom  secdlines,  vher  they  nave  como  into 
flower  i  or  the  seeds  from  white-flow<^ed  plants  are  sown,  which  arc  generally 

J,  S.  D,  »LTA"iCi  Paa.    The  Altaic  Daphne. 

U^  WIDd.  Sp. 

■tTiiT'Bot.  ua«., L 'itai i  » 

,  Char.,  if-c.  Leaves  ohovate-lanceolate, 
glabrous.  Flowers  sessile,  in  terminal  umbels, 
about  5  in  an  umbeL  Bark  reddish  brown 
in  colour.  Leaves  oblong,  broader  towards 
the  upper  extremity,  and  narrowed  down- 
wards, of  a  somewhat  glaucous  and  yellowish 
green,  the  latter  colour  prevailing  most  while 
they  are  young.  Lobes  of  the  caJyi  revolute. 
(£nu.)  A  low  deciduous  shrub.  Altaic  Alps, 
in  Siberia.  Height  1  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced 
In  1796.  Plovers  white,  scentless ;  April  and 
llaj.    Berries  red  -,  ripe  in  September. 


688 


ARBORETUM.  ET   FRUTICITUM    BRITANNICUH 


1S39-    !>•  alptaa. 


if  jwll.46Sk« 
;  UkurMe 


J*  3.  D.  alpi'na  L.    The  Alpine  Daphne. 

Ident(flcaU<m.    Lin.  Sp.,  510.,  Syst,  871. :  Willd.  Sp.  PI.,  %  p.  418. 
Synonymet.    The  Alpine  Ctaamelea  Marsh.  Plant,  i.  p.  112.;  DaphnS 

des  Alpet,  Fir. ;  Alpen  Seidelboft,  Ger. ;  OliTella,  ItaL 
Engravingt.    BoL  Cab.,  t.  66. ;  and  ourjig.  1339. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  lanceolate,  a  little  obtuse, 
tomentose  beneath,  deciduous.  Flowers  sessile, 
aggregate.  {WUid,)  A  low,  branchy,  deciduous  shrub. 
Alps  of  Switzerland,  Geneva,  Italy,  and  Austria. 
Height  2  ft.  Introduced  in  1759.  Flowers  white, 
very  fragrant ;  Ma)'  to  July.  Berries  red ;  ripe  in 
September. 

Quite  hardy,  and  very  suitable  for  rockwork ;  as  the 
roots  fix  themselves  deeply  into  the  crevices  of  the 
rocks. 

B.  Erect,     Leaves  persitient.     Mowers  lateral, 

n.  4.  D.  Laure^ola  Zr.    The  Laureola  Daphne,  or 

Spurge  Laurel, 

JdentificaUon.     Lin.  Sp.  PL,  510. ;  Willd.  Sp.  PL,  9.  p.  418. ;  Eng. 

Flora,  9.  p.  2S9. 
Synonymet.    Daphnoldes  Tdrum,  vel  Laurdola,  Gesn.  Cue.  1. 7.  t.  6.  f.  9.  \  Laurdola  Rah 

Ger.  Em.  1404. ;  Thjniclie^a  Laurdola  Scoo.  Cam.  9.  n.  463. ;  Uie  evei^een  Daphne ; 

mi^e,  Laurfiole  des  Anglait,  Pr. ;  immergrtiner  Seldelbast,  Ger.  \  Carolo  di  Lapo,  Itai, 
Engravingt.    Eng.  Bot.,  1. 119.  ;  Jacq.  Aiutr.,  1. 183. ;  and  our>^.  1340. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  Evergreen.  Leaves  obovate-lanceolate,  smooth.  Flowen 
in  axillary,  simple,  drooping  clusters,  that  are  shorter  than  the  leaves :  flowers 
in  each  about  5.  Calyx  obtuse.  (Smith,)  A  low,  bushy,  evergreen  shrub. 
Britain,  and  most  other  parts  of  Europe,  in  woods.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft. 
Flowers  yellowish  green;  January  to  March.  Berries  oval,  green  first, 
changing  to  black ;  ripe  in  September. 

Though  not  showy  in  its  flowers,  it  is  a  valuable  plant  for  a  shrubbery,  from 
its  beine  evergreen,  and  from  its  thick,  glossy,  shining  leaves.  It  thrives  best 
in  the  snade,  and  will  flourish  in  situations  under  the  drip  of  trees,  where  few 
other  plants  would  grow.  If  exposed  to  the 
sun,  the  leaves  turn  back  with  a  kind  of  twist; 
and,  instead  of  their  natural  pure  deep  green, 
they  assume  a  brownish  tinge.  The  berries  arc 
a  favourite  food  of  singinc-birds :  though,  as 
DeCandolle  observes  in  the  Flore  Frarifoise, 
they  are  poisonous  to  all  other  animals.  The 
spurge  laurel  is  propagated  by  seeds,  like  the 
mczereon  ;  but,  as  they  will  remain  two  years  in 
the  ground  before  they  vegetate,  they  are  gene- 
rally treated  like  haws,  and  kept  for  some  time 
in  the  rotting-heap.  It  may  also  be  propagated 
by  cuttings ;  but  not  readily.  It  is  much  used  in 
nurseries,  as  a  stock  on  which  to  graft  the  more 
tender  species  of  the  genus;  but  as,  like  all  the  other  daphnes,  it  has  few 
roots,  it  requires  to  be  transplanted  with  care. 

A  5.  jD.  po^ntica  L,    The  Pontic  Daphne,  or  twin-Jlowered  Spurge  Lmofl^ 

Identification.    Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  511. ;  Willd.  Sp.  PL,  9.  p.  419. 

Synonymci.    Thymeltt'a  pfintica,  citrei  folils,  Toum.  Ilin.  8.  p.  180.  t.  180. ;  Laurtele  da  Levant, 

Fr. ;  PontlBcher  Seidelbait,  Ger, 
Sngravingt,    Bot.  Mag.,  1. 1989. ;  and  oar  Jig.  1341. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  obovate-lanceolate,  glabrous.  Flowers  bractless, 
glabrous,  in  many-flowered  upright  clusters,  each  of  the  long  partial  stalks 
of  which  bears  two  flowers.  Lobes  of  the  calyx  lanceolate,  long.  (Sprtng.) 
A  low,  spreading,  branchy,  evergreen  shrub.  Asia  Minor.  Height  4  ft.  to 
5f^.    Introd.  1759.     Flowers  greenish  yellow;  April  and  May.  Berries t'^ 


1310.    i>.  LiiuiteU- 


LX.    THVMEHCEJ::    iJA'PHNE.  QQS 

■  D.p.2>-ibra  Hort.  —  Flowers  red.     Supposed  to  be  a  hybrid,  and 

nitner  more  tender  than  the  species. 
•  D.  p.  afbliu  vaivgdU,  Lodd.  Cat.  1836.  —  Leaves  varEe^ted. 
The  whole  plant,  in  general  appearance,  airongiy 
resembles  the  common  spurge   laurel  .    but  the 
leaves  are  more  oval,  and  shorter ;  and  the  flow- 
ers.  which  are  disposed  in  twos  instead  of  fives, 
are    jellower,    and   of  a   sweeter   tcent.      The 
leaves  somewhat  resemble  those  of  the  lemon 
tree,  especially  in  colour;     whence  TourreforC's 
trivial   name.      When   bruised,   they  smell    like     j^^Sk 
those  of  ihe  elder,     ll  thrives  best  m  soil  similar    jCi^te^ 
to  that  usually  prepared  for  American  plants,  on       \lCv'.l 
the  shady  side  of  a  wall,  or  in  some  other  shel-      .'-vyV 
tered  situation.  j^    ^  ■««_ 

«.  6.  D.  Thymrl^a  VM.     The  Thymelaea,  or  M-Mwcrt-I3.e:,  Daphne. 

UmlifiratHm.     Vthl  Smb.  1.  p.  2g.  ;  Wllld.  Sp.  PI,   s  p  41E 

^"iht"  U^  Ir^T*^  ''  '™'^'/ *""^^^  rtmnoll'^S^,  uid  rlal3.  or  n^a.  ^ 

£ri^om«..    Cer.Prw„i.l).t.riPliik.Alin..Ll!0,f.a.i.iiilmrA-13«.  ■> 

Sj,^c.  Ciar.,  ^c.  Eyergreei,.  Stem  mueh  branched.  Branches 
simple,  warted.  Leaves  lanceolate,  broader  [ownrds  the  tin 
crowded,  glaucous.  Flowers  axillary,  sessile.  (Vail.)  A  low 
much4.t^ched.  evergreen  shrub.  Spain,  and  in  the  nrighbour^ 
hood^  of  Montpelier.  Height  3  ft.  Liiroduced  in  IsA-  hut  JT 
rare  in  collections.  Flowers  yellowish  ereen  -,  Febniarvtn  Auril  * 
BemeB  small,  yellowi.ih  ;  ripe  in  August.  '        J%  ^ 

_    The  plant  requires  a  situation  warm  and  drv:  and  to  be  v^h  ^^^ 
in  sandy  peat,  kept  in  an  equable  degree  of  moisture.  ^«.  r 

«  7.  D.  Ta'htox-x^i'ha  L.     The  Tarton-raira,  or  tiive'j,Jcav..l,  Daphnt 

/rfnUiJfcoi™.     Lin.  Sp.,  110.  j  WilM.  Sp.  PL,  3.  ^  <IJ. 


larMiipcOMMva.  kiii.  sp.,  mu.  .  M 
Symwyncj.  ThTirplie'*  foHIl  c« 
lltxii  flu**,  pii.  tm.i  Tinon- 


-lUlH  Gullo-protlncla  N 


tngraVTiti.    n.  Oi-Bn,  t.  itM.  I  ud  out.i^.  I3M. 

S;)*-!-  CiflT.,  4^.     Leaves  persistent,  ohovate.  nerved, 

silky,  hoary.     Flowers  sessile,  lateral,  acereeate 

imbricated  with  scales  at  theba.se.  ((W  AW4.) 

A    branching    low    evergreen    shrub.     South  of 

trance.   Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.    Introduced  in  1739. 

J-lowers  Email,  yellowish  j  May  to  July. 

Remarkable  for  the  smallress  and  silki- 

ness  of  its  leaves,  and  the  white  appearance 

of  the  whole  plant ;  its  branches  are  weak, 

trrejular,  and  scarcely  [igneous;  it  requires 

a  warm  dry  situation,  exposed  to  the  sun, 

and  is  therefore  very  suitable  for  rockwork. 

~  *Y  "   «■  ^-  t?  2")  PDHE'SCENS  L.     The 

UK.  r.r**.™>..  pubescent  Daphne. 

Krr'ifiailtim.    Lin.  MmI.,  E«.  1  WllM.  Sp  PI.  1  p.  4ir, 
nuJor.  «K*rii.dtKlhi7>tf(Cr«.  Hon.  Atom*:  b»li«r«  s-wjfc...  ^  psronDlI 


690 


ARBORETUM   £T    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNIC  UM. 


Engravingt.    TllH  Cat.  Hort.  Plaani,  t.  49.  f.  S. ;  and  our>^.  1S44. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Steins  pubescent,  simple.  Leaves  linear-lanceolile,  nlmost 
macronate,  alternate,  nearly  deciduous.  Flowers  axillary  ;  5,  or  tiewer,  in 
an  axil ;  sessile,  narrow,  snorter  than  the  leaf;  the  tube  thread-shaped  dnd 
downy.  It  seems  different  from  D.  Tliymels^a,  and  was  found  in  Austria 
by  Jacquin.  (Willd,)     Introduced  in  1810. 

B.  9.  Z>.  (?  T,)  TouENTo'sA  Lam,     The  tomentose  Daphne. 

Identfficaiion.    Lam.  Diet.  ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  1.  p.  26. 

SynowymeM.    Paster^na  villdta  Lin. ;  Laurpole  cotonneuse  Lam.  Encue.  10. 

Engraving.    OurJ^.  134S.  from  a  specimen  in  the  Lambertian  herbarium. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Flowers  sessile,  axillary.  Leaves  oblong- 
obtuse,  covered  with  tomentum  on  both  sides.  (Lam,)  A  low 
shrub,  very  nearly  allied  to  D.  Tdrton-raira,  but  larger  in  all 
its  parts,  and  with  more  obtuse  leaves,  which  are  covered 
with  tomentum,  instead  of  a  silky  down.  Asia  Minor  and 
the  Levant.  Height  2  il.  to  3  ft.  Introd.  1800.  Flowers  white; 
May.    Berries  ?. 

C.  Erect.     Leaves  persutetU,     Flowers  iermina/, 

tL  10.  i).  eOLL^NA  Smith,  The  WlX-inhalnling  Daphne,  or  Neapo&tan 

Mezereon. 

Identification.    Smith  in  Fl.  Grnca,  t.  SM). ;  Willd.  Sp.  PI.,  9.  p.  423. 

Synonymet.    D.  colltna  •  Boi.  Reg.  t.  R3'i.,  ?  D.  Auxifolia  Vahl  Symb.  I.  p.  29. ;  Daphni  del  Col- 

lineB,  Laureole  k  FeuilleB  de  Sant«.  Fr.  ;  StumpfbUittriger  Seidelbaiit.  Ger. 
Engravings.    Fl.  Groeca,  t.  359. ;  Bot.  Cab.,  1. 1348. ;  and  out  fig.  1847. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c,  Leaves  obovate,  glabrous  and  glossy 
above,  and  hirsutely  villous  beneath.  Flowers  in 
terminal  groups.  Calyx  externally  silkily  villous ; 
its  lobes  ovate,  obtuse.  (Wikstrom,)  An  upright, 
low.  everc;reen  shrub.  On  low  hills,  and  on  the 
banks  of  rivers,  in  the  South  of  Italy.  Height  2  ft. 
to  3ft.  Introduced  in  1752.  Flowers  pinkish; 
January  to  June.    Berries  ?. 

Variety, 

B.  D.  r.  2   neapoUtana    Lindl.     D,   neapolitana 
Lodd,  Bot,  Cab,  t.  710.,  and  our^.  1346. — 
Differs  from  the  species  chiefly  in  the  want 
of  pubescence  on  the  under  surface  of  the 
leaves.      A    very  pretty    plant 
originated  in  a  sport  from  the 
»v^  ^^^^1^^         species,  and  in  cultivation  since 
^h^^^^         1822.      Much  admired  for  the 
^^r-w^l  fragrance  of  its  purple  and  white 

1346.  0. 0.  ncapouuna.      flowers  duHng  wiutcr. 

Grafted  plants,  grown  in  a  border  sheltered  from 
the  north  by  a  wall,  thrive  well ;  and  form  thick  bushes, 
with  nearly  level  heads,  covered  with  flowers.  uit.  o.eoiiina. 

tL  11.  D.  (c.)  oleoVdes  jL.    The  Olive-like  Daphne. 

Idmtiflcation.    Lin.  Mant..  66.;  Willd.  Sp.  PI.,  2.Ti.  423. 

Suwmymts.    Chamaedaphii6*ldes  erotica  Alpin.  Exot.  44.  t.  48. ;  ThyroeleVi  cr^ica  olec  folio 

utriuique  glabro  Taum.  Cor.  41 . ;  D£phne  «alicif61ia  Lam.  Encyd.  3.  p.  423. ;  Laiirfole  &  FeuOle* 

d' Olivier,  Fr. ;  Oelbaumblattriger  Seidelbast,  Ger. 
Engravings.    Alpln.  Exot.,  t.  43. ;  Bot.  Mag.,  1. 1917. ;  Bot.  Cab.,  t.  S99. ;  and  our/f.  IMS. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c,  Leaves  obovate-lanceolate,  terminated  with  a  minute  mucro, 
glabrous  upon  both  sides.  Flowers  terminal,  sessile,  a  few  together,  and 
surrounded  by  leaves  that  in  some  measure  involucrate  them.  (Bot,  Mag.) 


LX.    rHYHELA^CE^  :    DA-'PHtlE. 

A  low  evergreen  shrub.  Crete.  Heights  (I.  Introd.  1B18. 

Flowen  vhtte  during  the  greater  part  of  the  year. 

It  IB  leu  ihoiry  in  its  (lowers  than  D.  coUIna;  but  is 
deserving  of  cultivation  from  its  nearly  glossy  and  pointed 
leuvw,  and  neat  habit  of  growth. 

>.  IS.  1).  (c.)  SBRI'CK*  yaAl.     The  silky-ieaved  Daphne. 


Ourjf.  Mi.  from  1  $ftaai»a  io  tht 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  lanceolate,  bluntish,  | 
glabroua  above,  villous  beneath.  Flowers  ' 
terminal,  aggregate,  villous,  sessile.  Lobes  ofj 
„  -^  the  calyi  olituse.  It  differs  from  D.  (c.) 
l-;r  'B  utediJes  in  its  leaves  being  villous  beneath,  in 
wltAJ*      the  number  of  its  flowi'rs,  and  in  the  lubes  of 

the  calyx  being  oblong.  (Wittd.)  A  low  ever-  "•"■  "Cl  ■«'"-- 
green  shrub.  Candia  and  Naples.  Height  1  fl.  to  S  ft.  Incro- 
ducbd  in  18^  ;  but  vre  have  not  seen  the  plant. 

a.  13.  I).  STBijk'TA  Trat.     The  Etriated-«t/yjvd  Daphne. 


ttfficatian-    Trait.  .  Swenff.  5n 


-  ipeeiin( 


Jle,-i  fa 


'.  Char.,  if-c.  Leaves  aiibspathulate-lincor,  sessile,  tipped 
with  a  small  mucro.  glabrous.  Flowers  ttrminai,  aggregate, 
Beiisile,glabrous,  striated.  Lobes  of  the  calyx  acute,  (-i^prnig.)  ' 
A  low  evergreen  shrub.  Switzerland  end  Hungary.  This 
plant  is  said  to  have  been  introduced  in  1819,  and  to  have 
purplish  Sowers  ;  but  we  have  never  seen  it. 


D.  Erect.     Leavri  peraiient.     Floiveri 
m.  14.  D.  Gni'diuh  L.     The  Gnidium,  or  Flia- 

leaved.  Daphne. 
tinllllct"".     LId.  Sji.FI..  III.;  MILL.  DtFt-.n.T.i  WIIM. 

Sp.  PI  ,l.f.aO.  :  Lodd.  Cu..  rd  18311. 
S^mmymet-    Thjmt^lw'n  rolEI*  llnl  Bmtli.  PM.  i'li.  i  Spurge 


1  Race^^ 


^>ec.  C/iar.,  S/c.  Evergreen.  Leaves  linear- 
lanceolate,  with  a  cuiipidate  tip.  Flowers  in 
terminal  panicled  racemes.  {WUId.)  A  low 
ever^^reen  shrub.  Spain,  Italy, and  narbonne. 
Height  2ft.  Introduced  in  1797.  Flowers 
fragrant,  pink  ;  June  to  August.  Berries  small, 
globular,  red ;  ripe  in  September.  lui.  s,  cwiiniiii. 

E.  Proitmlr.     Leaoet  periiitenl,     F/oweri  trmdnai,  aggregate. 

t,  lo.  D.  CNKO'ituif  L.     The  Garland-flower,  or  trailiag,  D.iphne. 

Un^ifiaUHm.    Lin.  S|i.,MI.,  Srit..SIl.;  WUId.  Sp.  PL,  !.  p.  m.;  B«.  Mm.  t- 313  ;  La 
Stmyma.    Cnetruni  ilallli.  Hitl.  it,,  Ota.  Bitl.  £9. ;  Tbjmilfv  do  Alps,  Fr.  i  vohlrle 


£.Vr™>U 


.   Char 


Ittlov 


Siems  trailing.     Leaves  lanceolate,  ( 


sessile,  red  ufion  the  upper  udc,  and  the  groups  of  them  are  surroundeil  by 
leaves.  (V'rUd.)     A  trailing  evergreen  shrub.     Switzerland,  Hun^pry,  the 


692 


ARBORETUM   £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


Pyrenees,  Mount  Baldo,  Germany,  and  France.  Heieht  1  ft.  Introduced 
in  1752.  Flowers  bright  pink,  sweet-scented;  April,  and  again  in  Sep- 
tember.   Berries  white,  small,  globose,  seldom  produced  in  England. 

Varietits, 

%,  D.  C  2  fdlHt  variegdtit,  —  The  leaves  have 

a  narrow  portion  of  yellow  at  the  edges. 
t.  D.  C.  S^dre  dlbo,  —  Flowers  white. 

The  prettiest  species  of  the  genus,  more  especially 
when  grafted  1  or  l^foot  high  on  i>.  Laureola.  It  is 
also  valuable  for  rockwork,  and  growing  in  pots, 
on  account  of  its  dwarf  habit,  and  the  beauty  and 
delightful  fragrance  of  its  flowers.  For  ordinary 
purposes  it  is  propagated  by  layers,  and  it  thrives 
best  in  peat  soil  kept  rather  moist.  is5t.  o.  CMtomi 


Genus  II. 


DFRCA  L.    The  Dirca,  or  Leather-woob.    Lin,  Syst.  Oct&ndria 

Monogynia. 

IdaUifictUion.    Lin.  Amopn.  Acad.,  3.  p.  12. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  vol  ill.  p.  193. ;  Bot.  Res.,  t  S9S. 

Synonyme.    ThyiTirlK''a  Gron.  Virg.  1A5. 

Derivation,    From  dirkct  a  fountain ;  the  plant  growing  in  watery  placet. 

Gen,  Char,     Calyx  inferior,  funnel-shaped,  ending  in  4 — 5  unequal  teeth, 
yellow,  resembling  a  corolla.     Stamens  8.     Styles  thread-shaped.    Sli^ 
a  simple  point.     Fruit  a  dry  earpel.  (  Willd,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  coriaceous.  FUmtn 
terminal,  appearing  before  the  leaves,  yellowish. — A  shrub  of  a  yellow  aspect, 
and  with  tne  habit  of  a  miniature  tree  ;  native  of  Virginia.  Peat  soil  kept 
moist ;  and  it  is  readily  propagated  by  imported  seeds,  or  by  layers. 

.«  1.  D.  PALu'sTRis  L.     The  Marsh  Dirca,  or  LeeUher-wood. 

Identification.  Lin.  Amcen.  Acad.,  8.  p.  IS. ;  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  2. 

p.  4M. ;  Pursh  Sept.,  1.  p.  268. 
Synonymes.    Moorwood ;  Boia  de  Cuir,  Bois  da  Plomb,  Fr.  \ 

Sumpr  Lederhots,  Ger. 
Entfravings.    Lin.  Amom.  Acad.,  8.  t.  1.  f.  7. ;  Bot.  Reg.,  t. 

292. ;  and  oury^.  13A3. 

Sj>ec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  lanceolate,  oblong, 
alternate,  pale  green,  villous  beneath,  and 
deciduous.  (IVilld.)  A  low  deciduous  branchy 
shrub,  with  the  habit  of  a  miniature  tree. 
Virginia.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in 
1750,  and  common  in  collections  of  peat-earth 
shrubs.    Flowers  yellow  ;  March. 

The  whole  plant  has  a  yellow  aspect,  and  the 
flowers  are  of  a  brighter  yellow  than  the  leaves, 
without  the  admixture  or  contrast  of  any  other 
colour;  thus  producing  a  monotonous  ap- 
pearance rare  among  plants.  The  flowers  are 
produced  while  the  plant  is  leafless,  and,  in 
England,  they  are  seldom,  if  ever,  followed  by 
seeds.  The  bud  of  the  shoot  of  the  same  year 
is  enclosed  in  the  bud  of  the  inflorescence.  The 
young  plants  are  very  liable  to  be  eaten  by  snails 
Propagated  by  layers,  which  require  two  ycaro  to 
root  properly,  or  by  American  scedn. 


LXI   santaljCcejei  ny'ss^. 


693 


Order  LXI.    SANTALA'CEJE. 

OSD,  Chjr.  Perianth  superior,  4 — 5-cIefl,  coloured  inside;  aestivation 
valvate.  Stamens  4 — 5,  opposite  the  segments  of  the  perianth,  and  inserted 
in  their  bases.  Ovarium  inferior,  1 -celled,  2 — 4-seeded.  Style  \.  Stigma 
generally  lobed.  Fnat  1-seeded,  nucumentaceous  or  drupaceous.  Albumen 
fleshy.     FlowerM  polygamous.  (G,  Don,) 

Leave$  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  entire.  Flowers  in  co- 
rymbs, pedunculatc^Trees  or  shrubs,  deciduous ;  natives  of  North  America 
and  the  South  of  Europe :  propagated  by  seeds.  The  hardy  species  are 
two,  which  are  thus  contradistinguished :  — 

Nr^ss^  L.    Flowers  polygamous.     Stamens  5. 
OsY^Ris  Xr.    Flowers  dicecious.     Stamens  3. 

Genus  I. 


ffl^ 


NY'SSi4  L.  The  Nyssa,  or  Tupelo  Tree,   Lnu  Syst,  Polygamia  Dice'cia ; 
or,  according  to  Smith  in  Rees*s  Cyclopadia,  Decandria  Monogynia. 

Xdentifieathn.    Lin.  Gen.,  Ml. ;  WiUd.  Sp.  PI..  4.  p.  1 1 12. 

Derivation.    From  Ngsta,  a  water  imnph  lo  called;  a  name  given  to  thli  plant  by  Linottus, 
becaose  '*  it  grows  in  the  waters."  {Hurl.  Cliff".)    Tupelo  appears  to  be  an  aboriginal  name. 

Gen,  Char,  Flowers  oisexual  and  male,  upon  distinct  plants,  and  apetalous. 
—  BisextuU  Jlower  of  the  calyx  connate.  Stamens  5.  Ovary  ovate.  Styleit 
simple.  Stigma  acute.  Fruit  a  roundish  drupe. — Male  Jiower  with  the 
calyx  5-parted.     Stame?u  5-^\2.  (jG.Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous;  oblong  or  lanceolate, 
entire.  Flowers  axillary,  peduncled,  greenish  white.  Fruit  red,  or  blackish 
purple.  —  Trees,  deciduous;  natives  of  North  America;  requiring  moist 
soil. 

Several  sorts  have  been  described  by  botanists,  probably  all  referable  to 
two,  or  at  most  three,  species,  viz.  N.  biflora,  N.  c&ndicans,  and  N.  tomen- 
tosa,  the  last  two  being  very  nearly  allied.  The  trees  which  have  flowered  in 
England  have,  as  far  as  we  are  aware,  only  produced  male  blossoms  ;  but,  to 
compensate  for  the  want  o^  fruit,  the  foliage  of  all  the  species  of  the  genus 
dies  off  of  an  intensely  deep  scarlet.  The  different  sorts  are  almost  always 
raised  from  American  seeds. 

2  1.  N.  BiFLO^RA  Mickx,    The  twin-flowered  Nyssa,  or  Tupelo  Tree, 

Uemifieatum.    Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  2.  p.  2Se. ;  Willd.  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  1113. 

Sjfmonmme*.    N.  aquitica  Lin.  Sp.  PI  IMI. ;  N.  caroliniina  L. ;  N.  integrifblia  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  8. 

p.446. ;  N.  ped<knculis  uniflbris  Gron.  Virg.  t2\.\  Mountain  Tupelo   Mart.  MiU.\  Gum  Tree, 

Sour  Gum  Tree,  Peperldge,  Amer. 
Engraving*.    Catesb.  Car.,  1. 1.  41. ;  Mich.  Arb.,  t  22. ;  and  omjlgt.  1354.  and  185ft. 

Spec.  Char,,  S^c,     Leaves  ovate-oblong,  entire,  acute  at  both  ends,  glabrous. 

Female  flowers  two  upon  a  pe^ 
duncle.  Drupe  short,  obovate; 
nut  striated.  (^Miclix,)  A  decidu- 
ous tree.  Virginia  and  Carolina, 
in  watery  places.  Height  40  ft.  to 
45  ft.  Introduced  in  1739.  Flow- 
ers greenish  ;  April  and  May. 
Fruit  black,  about  the  size  of  a 
pea,  never  seen  in  England. 

In  British  gardens  it  does  not 
appear  that  much  pains  have  ever 
been  taken  to  encourage  the  growth 

Y  Y  3 


UM.    N.UIIteiL 


1366.    N.  bUUn. 


fj94  ARBORETUM    ET  FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICDM. 

of  this  or  any  other  species  of  Ufaaa;  for  though  there  are  abundanM  of 
plants  to  be  procured  in  the  nuraer.w,  yet  there  are  very  few  of  a  treeJike 
size  to  be  seen  in  pleasure-^oundfl.  To  insure  .the  prospenly  of  the  tree. 
It  ought  always  to  be  planted  in  moist  peat,  or  near  water. 

i  8.  N.  (b.)  tjllo'sa  Michx.     The  hudry-leared  Nyssa,  or  Tupelo  Trrt. 
aen>Mc^««.     Mlcb».  FL.  Bor,  Am-r.,  ap.aM.;Wlll<l.  Sp.  Pl..t,  p.  lUi  1  Punh  Sq«,  L 

Gum  Y«11a*  Gum  ^mer  :  bvrigar  Tulnelobium,  0<T- 

Eiitr'av<ng$.  MicM.  N.  An»r.  SyL.l.  L  Jlft  ;  «mI  outAt-  IMS.  •"*  »«■ 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  oblong,  entire,  acute  at 
both  ends ;  with  the  petiole,  midrib,  and  edp 
villous.  Female  flowers  about  three  upon  a 
peduncle.  Peduncle  of  female  flowers  loof,. 
and  for  the  most  part  two-flowered.  Nut 
small,  ovate,  obtuse,  striated.  (Afi^.)  A 
deciduous  tree.  Carolina  to 
George.  Height  60  ft.  t< 
70ft.  1  in  England  lOft.  t 
15  ft.  Introduced  in  1824 
_      and  occasionally  met  with  i 

use.  N.iwfn*"  collections.    Flowers  green-      

ish  ;  April  and  May.    Fruit 
blade,  as  In  the  preceding  kind. 

*  3.  N.  (b.)  ca'ndicans  lUicAx.     The  whilishJ«iD«i  Nyssa,  or  Ogeckee 
Lime  Tree. 


(J.  cipiUti  Watl.,  AIL  ntrl.  Kra..  Hidu.  N.  Amtr.  Sil.  t.  p.  ■ 
Tuptlo  TrH.  OgfchHi  Llnia  Ttee.  Wthl  LloB  i  veltdlcber  Ti 
MIc^L  N.  Amgr.  S;l..  S.  1.  III. ;  ud  oar  Jig.  WA 


^c.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaf  with  the  petiole  very  short,  and  the  disk  ofakm^ 
wedee-sbaped  at  the  boiie,  nearly  entire, 
whitish  on  the  under  surface.  Female 
flowers  one  upon  a  peduncle.  It  varies, 
with  its  leaves  obovate,  entire,  or  rarely 
Bubdentate.  The  male  flowers  are  grouped 
mto  little  heads.  The  bracteas  attending 
the  female  flowers  are  short ;  tbe  calyx  of 
these  flowerK  is  tomentose  ;  iis  lobes  are 
short.  Tlie  drupe  is  oblong.  (AficAj.)  A 
deciduous  tree.  Carolina,  on  tbe  banks  ol  ^ 
rivers,  particularly  the  Ogechee.  Height 
30  ft.  Introduced  in  1806.  Flowecs  green- 
ish yellow  ;  April  and  May.  Fruit  dark  blue ; 
ripe  in  September.  '"*■  "■  (Mi ■•'!■■- 

I  +.  N.  (b.)  qrandidbnta"ta  Mifii.  The  deeplj- 
toothed-itaBm/  Syssa,  or  Large  Tupelo  Tree. 


&wfiHM(J     N.  tomonltm.indN.uirJ'U"!. 
R.  Sw.  .fnir.  3.  p,  VO. ;  N,  oeDtkiiUU  All. 

(t^Sini»f'.li«i-'p.M.i  Wild  Olli*/-*»«r. 

?,!..,  1.  1.  lis. ;  tot  our  A  IMS,  «nd  Jig-  "MO. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^e.     Leaf  with  a  long  petiole    ' 
and  a  disk  that  is  oblong  acuminate^ 
distantly  serrate,  and  invanably  toothea 
with  a  large  pointed  tooth.     Female       un 


LXII.    ELXAOSA^CEJB.  695 

flowers  one  upon  a  peduDcle.  Bnicleai  rather  longer  than  the  ovary. 
Lobea  of  the  calyx  iredge-shaped.  Drupe  oblong.  (Michx.)  A  decidu- 
ous tree.  South  Carolina  and  Georgia.  Ueiglit  TO  ft.  to  80  ft.  ;  in 
England  lOft.  to  12ft  Introduced  in  1735.  Flowers  greenish;  April 
and  Hay.    Fruit  dark  blue ;  ripe  in  September. 

Genus  II. 

□ 

OSYRIS  L.     The  Ostris,  or  PoEts  Casia.     Lm.  Sy$l.  Dioecia  Triindria. 


GfK.  Char.  Flmorrt  apetalous,  iinisexuBl,  at  least  in  effect ;  thoee  of  the  two 
sexes  upon  distinct  plants. — Male.  Flowtri  borne  in  lateral  racemes,  about 
3 — 5  in  a  raceme,  and  disposed  in  ] — S  pairs,  with  a  terminal  odd  one. 
Caiur  spreading)'  belt-shaped,  3-parted  ;  ils  teaiivatian  valvate.  Keclary 
disk-like,  3-cornered.  Slament  3,  arising  from  the  nectary,  alternate  to  its 
angles,  and  opposite  Co  the  lobes  of  the  calyx.  Antheri  of  2  separate  lobes 
that  open  inwards. —  Frmaie.  F/ouww  solitary.  Ca/y*  urceolate  i  its  tube 
connate  with  tile  ovary;  its  limb  free,  3-cleft.  Style  single.  Sligmai  S. 
Fnat  ^obose,  fleshy,  exteriorly  crowned  b)i  the  limb  of  the  calyx,  and  the 
remains  of  die  style.     Cmjiel  with  crustaceoua  brittle  walls.  (iVUId.) 

Leavet  simple,  alternate,  exatipulate,  deciduous  or  sub-evergreen  ;  entire, 
small,  linear  lanceolate.  Flomeri  white,  peduncled. —  Shrub,  deciduous 
or  sub-evergreen  ;  native  of  South  of  Europe. 

J,  I.  0.  a'lba  L.  Tliewhite^ouvrinfOsyris,  or  Poet't  Catia. 

limUfinalim.    Lin.  Sp.  Fl..  USD. ;  Willil.  Sp.  PI..  4.  p.  7U. 

^inSirpn.  311. 1  Cdlla  poiUci  MoiKnullenilumVan.  EpII.  SC.  ;  Cilia  LiiIdB. 
run  Alp.  EiBt.  tl . ;  Ou  MonipMIl  aicu  lion.  Epii.  m.  \  wciua  uiiiii, 

Emgraringt^    I^m.  HE.,  t.  SOS.  ^  aai  ourj^.  1361. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Stem  roundish,  striated.     Leaves  alternate, 
linear-lanceolate,  1  in.  long,  entire,  glabrous.    Flowers  upon 
the  braiichlets,  peduncled.  (  Willd.')    A  low,  spreading,  deci' 
duous  or  sub-evergreen  slimb.   Italy,  Spain,  Moiitpelier, and 
Carniola.  Height  3ft.  to  4ft.  Introduced  in  1793.    Flowera  ^ 
white;  July  and  August.   Drupe  red,  about  the  siie  of  a  pea. 
The  long  supple  branches  of  this  shrub  were  formerly  used 
for   brushes,   and   they   are   still   used   in  making   crates,  or 
packing-cases,  in  the  South  of  Europe.     Propagated  by  seeds,      \^^^J 
and  grown  in  dry  soil,  but  somewhat  difficult  to  preserve.  ,351   o.uu. 


Order  LXII.     jEL.^AGNA'CE.^ 

Obd.  ChaB.  Perianth  tubular,  entire,  2 — t-lobed,  persistenL  Stamens  3 — t 
to  8,  alternating  with  the  sclents.  j^RfAert  nearly  sessile,  introrse.  Ovariuni 
free,  I-celled,  1-seeded.  Style  short.  Stigma  simple,  subulate,  gbndular, 
or  tongue-shaped.  Fnit  enclosed  in  the  pulpy,  persistent,  enlarged  tube 
of  the  perianth.    Al/mmen  thin  or  fleshy,  (G.  Him.) 

ZiCinm  simple,  alternate  or  opposite,  exstipulete,  deciduous;  oblong  or 
lanceolate,  entire.     Flowen  axillary.  —  Shrubs  or  low  trees,  deciduous  ; 


696  ARBORETUM  ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

t 

natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America  ;  propagated  by  seeds,  or  cat« 
tings  of  the  roots,  in  dry  soil.  The  genera  are  three,  which  are  thus 
contradistinguished :  — 

^LiEA^GNUS  Toum,     Flowers  polygamous.     Calyx  4-lobed.     Stamens  4. 
//ippo'pHAE  L,    Flowers  dioecious.     Calyx  of  2  petals.     Stamens  4. 
Shephe'rd/^  Nutt.     Flowers  dioecious.     Calyx  4-cleft.     Stamens  8. 

Genus  I. 


1. 


-ELiEA'GNUS   Toum.    The  El«a'onus,    Oleaster,  or  Wild  Owe 

Tree,    Lin,  Sytt,  Tetrdndria  Monogynia. 

Jdenfffic/Ufon.    Tourn.  Cpr-,  51. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  2.  n.  87. 

Synonymes.    Chalef,  Fr.  \  Wilde  Oclbaum,  Get. ;  Eleagno,  Hal. 

Derivation.  "  The  elaiagnot  of  Theophrastus  was  a  plant  with  hoary  leaves,  growing  in  nanbr 
places  in  Arcadia,  and  was  probably  a  species  of  5&lix,  although  certainly  not  S.  X^JasVuiek,  si 
Sprengel  has  stated  it  to  be.  It  was  named  from  its  resemblance  to  the  elaia,  or  olive,  from  vbidi 
it  diffbred  in  not  bearing  fruit.  Dioscorldes  writes  ekeagroi^  which  means  the  wild  olive ;  sad 
some  botanists  have  adopted  this  reading,  which  is  most  likely  the  true  one.  The  plants  to  vhidi 
the  name  ^s&giius  Is  now  applied  are  also  something  like  the  olive.  The  French  call  the  £Ueig* 
nus,  chalef;  a  slight  alteration  according  to  Golius,  of  'kkal^f^  the  Arabic  name  of  the  willov; 
but  more  probably  of  kataf^  the  Persian  name  of  the  £lc£gnus  itself."  {Limdl^  in  Bol.  Rtf-, 
t.  1156.)  Oleaster  is  a  Latin  word,  which  is  interpreted  a  wild  olive  tree;  and  perhaps  itii 
derived  from  o/ea,  an  olive  tree,  and  instar^  likeness. 

Gen,  Char,,  Spc,  Flowers  some  bisexual,  some  male  only ;  both  kinds  on 
one  plant.  —  Bisexual  Jloiver.  Co/v' resembling,  internally,  a  corolla,  tu- 
bular below,  bell-shaped  above,  with  a  slightly  spreading  lobed  deciduous 
limb.  Lobes  mostly  4  ;  the  tubular  part  includes  the  ovary  and  part  of  the 
style,  and  bears  at  its  mouth  a  conical  crown,  through  which  the  style 
passes.  St^le  long.  Stigma  clavate,  or  coiled.  Stamens  arising  from  the 
bottom  of  the  bell-shaped  part,  shorter  than  it,  alternate  with  its  lobes ; 
the  filaments  adnate  to  it,  except  at  their  tip.  Ovary  oblong.  Fndt  ao 
achenium  —  Male  flower.  Calyx  resembling,  internally,  a  corolla,  bell- 
shaped,  with  a  limb  of  4 — 6 — 8  lobes.  Stamens  of  the  number  of  the 
lobes,  otherwise  as  in  the  bisexual  flower.  (G,  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipu  late,  deciduous;  bearing,  as  does  the  bark 
of  growing  shoots,  scales  or  stars  of  hairs.  Flowers  axillary,  pediceled.  Fraiti 
in  some,  edible. — Shrubs  or  low  trees,  deciduous  ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia, 
and  North  America;  which  grow  freely  in  any  soil  tolerably  dry,  and  are 
readily  propagated  by  seeds,  layers,  or  cuttings. 

¥  ].  ^.  horte'^nsis  Bieb,    The  Garden  Elseagnus,  Oleaster,  or  Wild 

Olive  Tree, 

Identification.    Bleb.  Fl.  Taur.  Caoc..  p.  113. 

Synonymes.    E.  angustilbiia  /..,  WiUd.  Sp.  PL  1 .  p.  588. ;  E.  songirica  Fisck, ;  B.  infnnis  .ViV.  IM. 

No.  2.  ;  E.  argenteus  Mcench  Meth.  p.  638. ;  E.  orieutjilis  Deluk ;  ?  E.  argentea  IVtit.  Deai- 

Brit.  t.  161.;  Jerusalem  Willow ;  Olivier  de  Bohdme,  Chalef  4  Feuilles  ftroites,  Fr.i  schoal- 

blattrlger  Oleaster,  Ger.  \  Albero  di  Paradiso,  Ital. 
Engravings.    K.  Du  Ham.,  1. 1 89. ;  Bot.  lleg.,  t  llfi&  ;  the  plate  in  Arb.  Brit.,  Itt  edit,  vol  vH ; 

and  our  Jigs.  1362.  and  1363. 

Spec,  Char,^  8fc,  Leaves  lanceolate,  hoary  all  over,  as  are  the  shoots  of  the 
current  year,  with  stars  of  hairs  of  a  hoary  colour.  Branches  brown  and 
smooth,  more  or  less  spiny.  Leaves  2  in.  ta3  in.  long  ;  upon  the  upper  surface 
whitish  green,  and  upon  the  under  one  very  hoary.  Flowers  2  or  3  together, 
axillary,  upon  short  peduncles,  fragrant :  bisexual  flowers  4-cleft,  interior  of 
a  pale  yellow  ;  male  ones  5-  or  more  cleft,  interior  of  a  golden  yellow. 
Both  are  furnished  on  the  exterior  with  stars  of  hairs,  like  the  under 
surface  of  the  leaves.  A  large  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree.  South  of 
Europe,  in  Bohemia,  France,  Spain,  the  Levant,  Tartary,  and  various  parts 
of  Asiatic  Russia.  Height  15(1.  to  20  ft.  Introduced  in  1633.  Flowers 
pale  yellow,  fragrant ;  May.  Fruit  red  brown  colour,  something  like  a 
date ;  ripe  in  October. 


LXII.   SLfAOHACES:  SUEa'GNUS. 


^arietiei. 

X  E.  A.    I   anmtlifdCa  fiieb.    E.  anguatilSlia  L. 
(fg.  1362^ — Leaves  bnceoUte, 
tnining.     Friut  insipid.     Tbi 
•  the  most  common  sort  in  Bri 

gardens. 
T  E.  A,  8  dach/Bfimat. — Leaves  tan- 

f:eoIate,     shining.       Fruit     date-    ^^^ 
shaped,  eotahle.  * 

T  E.  A.  3  orimtdlu.    E  orientJIis  L. 
(Pail.  Fl.  Rom,  i.  t.  5. ;  and  our 
^.  1363.)  —  Branches  not  spiny,   i 
*'"^^^k  Fruit  date-shaped,  eatable  ;  aira08l   , 

^«iXL  Bs  large  as  that  of  a  jujube,  i 

*  ^(^^  used  in  the  dessert  in  Perue,  where 

ijn.  >.  h.  •niuMVu.  it  is  called  zinzeyd.     The  flower? 

are  more  fragrant  than  those  of  '"*■  'i:**^ 
E.  h.  angustiOlia,    Hortieultural  tiociety's  Gwden, 
X  E.  A.  4  ipttiom.    E.  spinosa  L.  —  Brancbes  spiny.    Leaves  lanceolate. 
Fruit  insipid.    Nepal.    Horcicultursl  Society's  Garden. 
The  silvery  whiteness  of  the  foliage  of  this  tree  renders  it  a  most  con- 
spicuous object  io  plantations ;  and  hence,  in  any  landscape  where  it  is  wi:ihed 
to  attract  the  eye  to  a  particular  point,  it  may  be  usefully  employed. 

m  t.E.  ibcb'ntka  Ph.   The  silvery-JeorcJ  Elfeasnuia,  or  Wild  Olive  Tree. 

Sil«rTr«,l7/s.i/W..Jwr.""'"    '^'     "  ■•     ■        ■ 

ur  flt-  \iAi.  from  ■  dried  ipeclmen,  vblch  Mr.  Sheptaard  of  tha  LlTerpaol  BoubIc 
rod  mHB  Hr.  Nutcall. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.    Not  spiny.    Leaves  waved,  oval-oblong,  rather 
acute,  glabrous  on  both  surfaces,  end  covered  with   silvery 
scales.     Flowers  aggr^te,  nodding.     Sexes  apparently  diiE- 
cious.     Fruit  roundish-ovate, about  tbe  sizeof  a  small  cherrj, 
cartilaginous,  covered  with  silvery  scales,  having  8  grooves ; 
the  flesh  dry,  farinaceous,  eatable ;  the  nucule  subcylindric,  its 
exterior  part  consisting  of  a  tenacious  woolly  integument. 
A  bushy  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree.     Hudson's  Bay;    and 
found  on   tbe  argillaceous   broken   banks  of  the  Missouri, 
near  Fort   Mandan,    Height  8ft.  to   lijft.     Introduced   in 
1813.     Flowers  yellow ;  July  and  AuguiL 
According  to  Pursh,   Shepherdia  arg^ntea   NiUt.  resembles 
tbe    £lsignuB  arg^tea   Ptirih    so 
much,  without  the  fruit,  that,  in  this  state,  one 
might  easily  be  mistaken  for  the  other. 

•  E.   BoliafoSa   ?  D.  Don     (j!g.   1366.)   is  a 
species   apparently   very   distinct,    and    tolerably 
^  hardy,    of    which    we 

^  "  -"  have    only    seen     one 

plant  about  3  It.  high, 
m  the  arboretum  at 
Kew.  It  promises  to 
be  a  most  valuable  ad- 
dition to  our  nearly 
'  hardy  shrubs. 

•  tJttignut  conjirta 

Hort.,andour^.l365. 

from  a  living  plant  in 

isu.  ■.M^fcti  the  Horticultural  So-  net  ■.■audoui. 


698 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


ciety's  Garden,  promiscfl  to  be  hardy ;  but  the  only  plants  which  we  hare 
Been  are  too  young  to  enable  us  to  decide  with  certainty. 


Genus  IL 


M. 


HIPPC/PKAB  L.    The  Hippophae,  Sea  Buckthobn,  or  Sallowthorn. 

Lin,  St/st,    Dice^cia  Tetr&ndria. 

Identification,    Lin.  Gen.,  517.,  in  part. 

Synonjfmes.  Rhnmnoldet  Tottm.  Cor.  58. ;  Argoussler,  Fr. ,  HalMornt  or  Sanddom,  Gtr. ;  Ip* 
pofae,  liai. ;  E«pino  amarlllo,  Spim. 

Derivation.  Hippophae*^  or  HippophueSt  wai  the  name  of  a  ihrab  mentioned  by  Theophrastui  and 
DioMoridet ;  and  which  Is  supposed  to  be  the  same  as  the  hlppophyes  of  Pliny.  The  derivatioa 
is  supposed  to  be  from  hippos,  a  horse,  and  pkao,  to  brighten  ;  and,  as  according  to  the  Nompeam 
Du  Hamel  the  plant  was  employed  by  the  Greeks  as  a  medicine  for  horses,  it  may  have  been  giren 
to  them  to  make  their  coats  sleek  and  shining,  and  hare  thus  procured  its  name. 

Gen,  Char,^  S^c,  Flowers  unisexual,  dioecious.  —  Male  flower.  Calyx  arched, 
seeming  as  if  constituted  of  two  leaves  connate  at  the  tip.  Stamens  4,  not 
extended  out  of  the  calyx.  —  Female  floiver.  Calyx  tubular,  cloven  at  the 
top,  including  the  ovary,  and  becoming  at  length  succulent.  StyU  short 
Stigma  lon^.  FritH  a  polished  achenium,  furrowed  at  one  side,  with  an 
acid  juice.  {G,  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  narrow,  entire,  scaly,  and 
silvery,  especially  beneath.  Flowers  axillary,  pedunculate,  small.  Frrat 
succulent,  eatable.  —  Shrubs  or  low  trees ;  natives  of  Europe  and  Asia. 
Ornamental  in  British  gardens,  on  account  of  their  grey  silky  foliage,  and 
of  their  berries.  Propagated  by  seeds,  layers,  or  suckers,  in  common  so3 ; 
and  valuable  in  scenery  as  attracting  attention  by  their  white  aspect,  and 
standing  the  sea  breeze. 

¥  A  1.  H.  Rhamnqi^des  L,  The  Buckthorn-like  Hippophae,  Sea  Buckthcrn, 

or  Sallowthom, 

Identtfieaiion,    Lin.  Sp.  Fl.,  1453. ;  Smith  Eng.  Flora,  4.  p.  238. ;  Eng.  Bot.,  t.  485. 
Synonyfnes.    RhamnSldes  florifera  s&licis  fblTo  Toum,  Cor.  53. ;  RhamnSldet  f ructifera  A«ft' ^ 

445. ;  Argoussler  faux  Nerprun.  Fr. ;  Wddenblattriger  Sanddom,  Ger. ;  In  the  Alps  of  Smi- 

zerland  it  is  called  Arre,  or  Saute  ^ineux. 
Engravings.    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  425. ;  Fl.  Dan.,  t  265. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  6.  t.  80. ;  and  our  fig.  1367. 

Spec.  Char,,  S^c,  Branches  each  ending  in  a 
spine.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  mostly  blunt- 
ish,  dark  green,  and  minutely  dotted,  not 
scaly  on  the  upper  side  ;  silvery  as  well  as 
scaly  on  the  under  one.  (Smith.)  A  low 
deciduous  tree  or  large  shrub.  Europe,  on 
sandy  sea  coasts ;  in  England,  in  various 
places  on  the  east  and  south-east  coast ;  but 
not  in  Scotland.  Height  1 5  ft.  to  20  ft.  Flowers 
yellow  ;  May.  Berries  bright  orange-co- 
loured, and  produced  in  great  abundance ; 
ripe  in  September,  and  remaining  on  the 
tree  as  long  as  the  leaves,  and  frequently  till 
the  following  spring. 

Varieties. 

¥  A  H.  /?.  2  angtutUoKa  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.l836. 
(The  plate  of  this  tree  in  Arb,  Brit.^ 
1st  edit.,  vol.  vii. ;  and  our^.  1368.,  of 
the  female  sex.)-— The  leaves  are  obvi- 
ously more  narrow  than  those  of  the  species ;  the  young  branches 
are  pendulous ;  and  the  tree  is  highly  ornamental,  more  especially 
when  in  fruit. 


1567.    ff .  RbannAdM. 


LXII.    fiLfAOMA  CE£  :   fflFPO'PEIAE. 


Y  *  H.  R.  3  abtriea.  H.  silifrica  Load.  Cat.  ed.  1S3G.  —Appears  to  differ 

very  little,  if  at  all,  Troni  the  species. 

In  Britiih  ourBeriet,  plants  ore  commonlj  increased  b>  suckers,  which  are 

produced  in  abundance;  and  a  deep  sandy  soil  is  suitable  for  growing  the 

plant  to  a  large  siie.     It  may  be  planted  in  elevated  and  exposed  utuations, 

and  on  tbe  sea  coast,  where  few  other  trees  will  grow. 

t  *2.  H.  SAUCiPO'LU  D.Don.     The  Willow-leavcd  Rippophae,  Sea  ButA- 

thom,  or  SaUouilAom. 
lOml^fiailiim.    Don  Pcod.  FL  H« .  p.  fiS. 
StmemBmr.    B.  »□<»»■  IVaU.  Id  kSS.  if  lit  CnUlatmeafaie  Limmm  Sodcta-'  InHint  htrbaTiviii, 

Bojfl^M  llhul.  p.  S93. 

EnfTm-iif,    Our  Jig.  lara.  tms  i  Udng  ipeelRitn. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.    Without   thorns,   up. 

right,  branched.      Leaves  lanceolate, 

obtuse,  whitely  tomentose,  as  are  the 

bianchkts.     A  large  deciduous  shrub 

or  low  tree.  Sirinagur, in  Nepal,  Height 

I5lt.  to20fl.      Introduced  in   18:;S. 

Flowers   and   fruit  as   in  H.  Rbani- 

A  much  more  robust  species  than 
H.  Rhumnotdea,  (hough  probably  more 
liable  to  be  injured  by  Irosl.  The  shoots 
product  in  one  season,  from  a  plant 
cut  down,  ore  5  or  6  feet  in  length,  and 
the  leaves  about  twice  the  length  of 
those  of  the  common  species,  much  less 
silvery,  and  closely  resembling  those  of 
Salix  viminalis.  The  aspect  of  fliia  species  "^^ 

■■leM  white  thanthatoftf.Rbemnoldea.  aea.  s.idiciiKu. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTtCETUH   BRITANNICUH. 


SHEPHEltD/^  Nuit.    Tbb  SnePHnDu.    Lkt.  fya.  IHaicii 
Octindria. 


Gen.  Char.,  ^c.  Floaert  unisexual,  dioicioua.  Male  Jlower.  Cafyx  4-cl«ft. 
Slameni  8,  inctiided  within  the  cal^x,  atteroate  with  8  glands.  —  Female 
fiotocr.  Caiyx  bell-ahaped ;  lis  hoib  -t-parted,  flat,  the  portions  eqiul  j  its 
tube  adnate  to  the  ovar^,     ^yle  I,     Sligma  oblique.  (^G.Doit.) 

Lfavci  Bimple,  opposite,  eiatipulatc,  deciduous  ;  entire,  with  ailverj  scales, 
Ftowcri  axillary,  Of^rcgate;  the  female  ones  smaller  thaa  the  males, and 
gomelimea  racpmose  at  the  ends  of  the  branches.  Berriet  diaphanons, 
scarlet,  acid,  eatable,  —  Shrubs  or  low  spbescent  trees,  dedduous,  with 
the  a-ipect  of  £lieAgnuB  ;  natiTe  of  North  America.  Culture,  in  British 
gardens,  as  in  ^tfippdphae. 

•  T   1.  8.  ikqe'ntga  ATmH.     The  aiver-kanrd  Shepherdia. 


sunt  brNutulfu  Mr.  Stieplxrd 

Spec.  Ciar.,  ifc.    Leaves  oblong-ovate,  ob- 
tuse ;   on  both  Biirfaces  glabrous,  and 
covered    with    silverv   peltnte    scales. 
(Z'unA.)  A  small  tree.  North  America, 
on  the  banks  of  the  Missouri,  and  its 
tributary  streams.  Height  ISft.  to  ISfl. 
Introduced  in  I81S.      Flowers  yellow; 
April  and  May.  Berries  scarlet,  diapha- 
nous, acid ;  npe  in  September. 
Its  fruit,  which   is   much   relished   in    ,jt,    „     ■ 
America,  is   about   the  size   of  the  red 
currant,  much  richer  to  the  taste,  and  forms  one  con- 
tinued cluster  on  every  branch  and  twig. 


«  S.  S.  canadb'hsis  Nutl.     The  Canadian  Shepherdia. 

tifnttflcailoti.    Nult.  Om-  Amflr,.  3,  p.  Vh 
»„^u ,.^1,  t£.  s, 


•'•J^X 


■.  ^  «.  \va.,  wau.  Sf.  pl  *.  p.  n 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  or  cordate-ovate,  opposite  ; 
green,  and  nearly  glabrous  upon  the  upper  surface  (  upon 
the  under  one  stellately  pilose,  silvery,  and  scaly;  ' 
scales   rusty,   deciduous.      Branches   opposite.     Flov 


North  America,  on  the  borders  of  lakes,  : 
parts  of  the  state  of  New  York,  in  Canada,  end  along  the 
St.  Lawrence  to  its  source.  Height  6  (t.  to  S  fl.  Intro- 
duced in  1759,  but  not  frequent  m  collections.  Flowera 
yellow  ;  April  and  May.  Beniei  yellow,  sweetish,  but 
scarcely  eatable ;   ripe  in  August.  , 


LXllI.    j4R[STOLOCHIA\:E£  :    .fRISTOLO'cUlA.  701 

Obdee  LXIII.    ^RISTOLOCHIA'CE^. 

OilO.  Chas.  FerioBlh  superior,  3-cleft,  equal  or  unequal.  Stament  definite. 
Ovarium  inferior,  mBoy-celled.  Style  short.  Stigma  divided.  Fruit  cap- 
tular  oc  baccate.     Albwnen  fleshy.  (G.  Don.) 

hatcet  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  cordate,  entire.    Fiojuen 
axillarj.  —  Twining  deciduous  slirubs ;  natives  of  Morth  America. 

Genus  I. 


m 


en.,  Na.  1383.;  Wllld.  Sp.  Pl.,4,  p,  191. 
I  OUtliutCT,  Grr. 

thf  HUH  0^  •  Ditnl  mentlannd  br  DloKOrldM,  and  coniklarHl  u  of 

Gea.  Char.,  !fc.  Cali/x  of  some  other  colour  than  green,  and  in  colour  and 
texture  resembling  a  corolla;  in  its  lowest  pert  connate  with  the  ovary ; 
inflated  above  this  part,  then  tubular,  and  ending  in  an  expanded  border, 
which  has  3  aegnienis,  and  these  are  valvate  in  ffistivntion.  Stament  6,  ad- 
hering to  the  style  und  stigmas.  Sti/k  I.  Sliginai  6,  radiating,  CaptuU 
with  6  cells  and  numerous  seeds. 

Leavet  as  in  the  Order,  exstipulate,  deciduous.  JFioureri  yellow,  brown, 
dark  brown,  and,  in  some,  spotted  on  a  yellow  ground. —  Shrubs,  twining  i 
natives   of  North  Amei'ica;   of  easy   culture  in   any  common   soil   that 

i  1.  A.  si'pno  L'Heril.    The  SiphonJiir,  or  Tube-Jlowered,  Birthwort. 

H-.«*.»ii™.    L-HeHt  Stiri..  Not..  IS.  1. 1. ;  WIIM.  Sp.  PL..  A.  p  tM. 

Dimrrophf-tla  Lain.  Eiuf/cL  1.  p.  Vil  ;  Adl(olach«  Srphon,  Fr.',  fraiibli(Erl([e  0>- 


Spec.  Cliar.,  ^e.  Stem  twining.  Leaves 
cordate,  acute.  Bractea  of  tlie  pe- 
duncle ovate.  Corolla  ascending  ; 
its  limb  in  3  equal  portions,  not  ex- 
panding flat,  brown,  {WiUd.)  A 
deciduous  twining  shrub.  Alleghany 
Mountains,  from  Pennsylvania  to 
Carolina.  Stem  loft,  to  30  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1763.  Flowers  yellowish 
brown  ;  May  and  June. 


is  bent  like  a  siphon  ;   For  the  trifid 
border  of  its  corolln,  and  for  the  very 
targe  brdclca  placed  on  the  middle  of  ( 
the  peduncle.     The  roots  are  woody,   'i 
and  have  the  smell  of  camphor.     The    '■ 
stems,  branches,   and   twigs   are   also 
strongly  scented,  as  are   the  flowers. 
In   British   gardens,   this   species,   to 
grow  freely,  requires  a  deep  free  soil, 


702 


ARBORETUM   £T   FRUTICETUM   BRIJAMNICUM. 


dry  rather  than  moist,  and  a  warm  situation.  It  is 
propagated  by  division  of  the  root,  by  suckers,  or  by 
seeds,  which  are  sometimes  received  from  North  America. 

^  2.  A,  (s.)  TOMENTO^SA  Simt,  The  tomentose  Birthwort. 

tdtntificaium,    Simi  In  Bot.  Mag.,  1. 1869. ;  Lodd.  Cat,  ed.  I8S6. 
Engravings.    Bot.  Mag.,  t  1369.  \  Bot.  Cab.,  t.  641. ;  and  our  J^.  1874. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  Stem  twining.  Leaves  cordate,  downy 
beneath.  Peduncle  solitary,  without  a  bractea.  Co- 
rolla with  its  tube  twisted  back,  and  much  more  deeply 
divided  than  in  A,  slpho,  expanding  flat,  and  yellow, 
with  the  mouth  of  the  tube  of  a  deep  purple.  A 
twining  deciduous  shrub.  North  America.  Height 
10  ft.  to  20  ft.  Introd.  1799.  Flowers  as  in  J.  sipho. 


1S74.    A 


Order  LXIV.     ^UPHORB/^C^^E 

Ord.  Char,  Flowers  unisexual.  Perianth  lobed  or  wanting,  furnished  inside 
with  hypogynous  glandular  or  scale-formed  appendages.  Stamens  definite 
or  indefinite,  free  or  monadelphous.  Ovarium  superior,  2 — 3-celIed.  Stiftei 
equal  in  number  to  the  cells.  Stigmas  many,  distinct  or  combined.  Capsule 
of  2 — 3,  or  more,  2-valved  cells  or  cocci.  Seeds  solitary  or  in  paix^ 
arillate,  suspended.     Albumen  fleshy.  (G,  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate  or  opposite,  stipulate  or  exstipulate,  dedduoos 
or  evergreen ;  quite  entire.  Flowers  solitary,  aggregate,  terminal,  lateral, 
or  axillary.  —  Shrubs  or  small  trees,  natives  of  Europe  and  North  Ame- 
rica, which  are  thus  contradistinguished  :  — 

Stilli^ng/^  Garden.     Flowers  monoecious,  in  spikes.    Style  1.    Stigmas  3. 
Bv^xvs  Toum.     Flowers  moncecious,  in  heaps.    Styles  3.    Stigmas  3. 

Genus  I. 


STILLrNG/il  Garden.    The   Stillingia.    lAn.  Syst.  Monoe'da 

Monad  elphia. 


a  work  entitled  Miscellaneous  Tracts  relating  to  Natural  History^  Ac,  partly  tramltfed  from  the 
vrttlogs  of  LinnKui. 

Gen,  Char,  Flowers  unisexual ;  males  in  a  spike,  females  at  the  base  of  the 
same  spike  ;  ?  dicecious.  —  Aiale,  Flowers  seven  together.  Calyx  like  a 
corolla,  of  one  piece,  funnel-shaped,  its  margin  jagged.  Stamens  2 — 3,  pro- 
minent ;  the  filaments  slightly  connected  at  the  base.  —  Female,  InvoLert 
1 -flowered.  Cafyx  superior,  shaped  as  in  the  male.  Style  thread-shaped. 
Stigmas  3.  Fruit  a  regma,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  the  involucre  a  little 
enlarged,  somewhat  turbinate,  3-lobed. 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  ;  entire.  Flo^oers  in  spikes, 
terminal  or  lateral. — Shrubs,  deciduous,  milky;  natives  of  North  America. 

M  1.  S.  LiGu'sTRiNA  WUld,     The  Privct-i^flwrf  Stillingia. 

Identification.    Willd.  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  588. ;  Puwh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.,  2.  p.  608. 
Angraving.    Om Jig.  IStA.  from  a  fpedmen  in  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker*i  herbarium. 

Spec,  Char,,  i^c.     Shrubby.    Leaf  consisting  of  a  petiole,  and  a  disk  that  is 


LXIV.   EVFHOnBlj''CEJE :   PU'XUS. 


703 


OTal-lanceolate,  pointed  at  both  ends,  and  entire.    Male  flowers  upon 

short  pedicels.    Female  flowers  ?.    Male  flowers  disposed  in  spikes, 

lateral,  part  terminal,  and   having  a  3-cIeft, 

rather  flat,  calyx,   and  3  stamens  that  have 

kidney-shaped  anthers  ;  bracteas  1 — 2-glanded 

and  1-flowered.  (Nutt)    A  deciduous  shrub. 

Carolina  and  Georgia,  in  shady  woods.   Height  ^a^  H^ 

3  ft.  to  4  ft.      Introduced  in  1812.      Flowers  ^K/ 

yellowish ;  June  and  July. 

We  are  not  aware  that  this  spedes  is  now  in 
existence,  in  a  living  state,  in  England.  ^^^-  8.«*»««»*»«^ 


very 
part 


Genus  IL 


Hum 


^U^XUS  Town,    The  Box  Tree.    Lm,  Syst.  Monce'cia  Tetrandria. 

Identffieaiiom.    Tourn.  Inst.,  t.  34A. ;  Eng.  Flora.  4.  p.  I3S. 

Sfnon^men,    Bail,  Fr. ;  Buxbaum,  Buchsbauin,  Gtr, ;  Boasolo,  Ital, 

Vtrivaiion.  From  puknos,  dense ;  in  reference  to  the  hardness  and  closeness  of  the  wood ;  or, 
perh«p»,  to  the  dcnseness  of  the  foliage.  The  Greeks  called  the  boxes  made  of  this  wood,  wnich 
were  highly  esteemed  for  their  durability,  pyxidet ;  and  hence,  probably,  arose  the  word  jtyx^ 
which  is  used  for  the  chest  containing  the  Host  in  the  Roman  Catholic  church. 

Gen,  Char,  Flowers  unisexual,  monoecious. — Male.  Cahtx  of  4  minute  leaves. 
Stamens^,  inserted  under  the  rudiment  of  a  pistil. — remote.  Flowers  singly, 
at  the  tip  of  groups  of  male  ones.  Cafyx  as  in  the  male.  Styles  3.  Stigmas 
3.     Fruit  a  regma,  leathery,  beaked  with  the  styles.  (G,  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  evergreen  ;  entire,  smooth,  stalked. 
Flowers  axillary,  aggregate,  whitish.  Fruit  green. — Shrubs  or  small  trees, 
evergreen,  with  rigid  leaves  and  whitish  buds ;  natives  of  Europe  and 
Asia ;  of  easy  culture  in  any  soil  that  is  tolerably  dry ;  and  propagated  freely 
by  division  of  the  plant,  by  cuttings,  or  by  seeds. 

2*1.^.  sEMPERYi^ENS  L,    The  evergreen,  or  common.  Box  Tree. 

rdentifieatiom.    Lin.  Sp.  PL,  1394. ;  Smith  Eng.  Flora,  4.  p.  133. ;  Baxt.  Brit.  Flow.  PL,  S.  t.  149. 
ggnoniftneg.    Baxus  Aaii  Syn.  449. ;  Buis  commun,  Bois  b£nl»  Fr. ;  Buchsbaum,  Ger. ;  Busso, 

Boasolo,  Ital. 
Engravings.    Eng.  Bot.,  1. 1341. ;  and  our.^.  1377. 

Spec.  Char,,  Src  Disk  of  leaf  ovate,  convex  ;  footstalk  slightly  downy  at  the 
edges.  Anthers  ovate-arrow-shaped.  (SmOh.)  A  low  evergreen  tree.  Eu- 
rope; in  England,  on  Boxhill  in  Surrey,  Chequers  in  Buckinghamshire, 
and  other  places,  apparently  wild.  Height  15  ft.  to  30  ft.  Flowers  whitish  ; 
April  and  May.    Fruit  greenish;  ripe  m  August. 

Varieties  and  SubvarietU'S. 

1  B.  1.  1  arborescens  Mill.  Diet.  No.  1.  Buis  arborescent,  Fr, ;  hoch- 
stammige  Buchsbaum,  Ger.  —  Arborescent.  Leaves  ovate.  This  is 
the  most  common  form  of  the  species. 

1  B.  s.  a,  argentea  Hort.  —  Arborescent.     Leaves  ovate,  varie- 
gated with  a  silvery  colour. 
1  B.  s.  a.  aurea  Hort.  —  Arborescent  Leaves  ovate,  variegated 

with  a  golden  colour. 
1  B.  s,  a,  margindta  Hort.  —  Arborescent.     Leaf  ovate,  with  a 
margin  of  a  golden  colour. 
t  B.  <•  2  angust^lia  Mill.  Diet.    No.  2.  —  Arborescent.    Leaves  lan- 
ceolate. 

t  B.  s,  a,  vanegata  Hort.  —  Arborescent.    Leaves  lanceolate, 
variegated. 


?04 


ARBORETUU   ET   FRUTICBTUH  BRITitMNICUM. 


■.  B.  (.  3  njhi/kota  Mill.  Diet  No.  a 

Hod-  Pmpl.  788.;  B.  a.  nina  N.  Du  Ham. 
i.  p.  83.i  and  our^.  I37G.;  Buis  nain,  Bui« 
k  Bordiires,  Buia  d'Artoii,  BuU  ile  Hollande, 

Ktit  Buis,  Fr.  ;  znerch  Bucbsbaum,  Grr.  - 
varf.     Leavea  sinatl,  obovate.     Thii  ia  ihe  ^ 

kind   usually   cultivated    for    ed^ngt   i 

ropean  gardens. 
■  B.  I. -l  m^ti/ii/in  Lam.  Encyc.^  Dwarf.    Lcacea 

amall.  oblong,  narrowish.  A  preltv  little  plant ; 

generally  quite  low,  but,  under  favourable  cir- 

cumgtances,  grawing  to  a  considerable  si 
In  a  w3d  state,  the  box  seldom  exceeds  the  height  of  IS  or  15  feet  in  Bri- 
tain 1  but  in  Turkey  and  A&ia  Minor  trees  of  it  have  been  found  as  hi^  ai 
85  ft.  The  thielcneas  of  the  trunk  is  very  considerable  in  proportion  to  its 
heigbt,  and,  in  full-grown  trees,  varies  from  6  in.  to  6  in.  in  diameter.  Tbt  tne 
will  bear  the  knife  oatiently,  and  is  therefore,  and  from  the  cIo^iikss  of  its 
habit  of  growth,  well  adapted  for  clipjied  hedges,  and  all  kinds  of  icrdir.t  ir- 
chitCL'ture  and  atutuarv.  It  grows  slowly,  rarely  makhtg  shoots  of  more  thu 
e  or  8  inches  aTniually.  But  the  tree  is  of  great  longevity  ;  and  so  hmli, 
that  it  is  almost  the  only  evergreen,  exclusive  of  the  Conifene,  that  will  swid 
in  the  open  air,  without  protection,  in  tlie  gardens  of  Parts,  Berlin,  and  Vi- 
enna, The  wood  of  the  box  is  remarkably  neavy  ;  weishing,  when  newljcut, 
80  lb.  7  oz.  per  cubic  foot,  >md,  when  perfectly  dry,  68  lb.  1;!  oz.  and  7  gr.  It 
is  the  only  Eiirojican  wood  that  will  sink  in  water  :  it  is  ycltow.  vcri'  hird, 
and  susceptible  of  a  line  polish.  The  wood  was  formerly  much  used  in  Enc- 
land  in  cabinet-makinj  and  inlaying,  as  it  sttll  is  in  France  ;  and,  alu),  in  both 
countries,  for  musical  and  muthemalical  instruments,  combs,  and  various  arti- 
cles of  turnery.  The  principal  use  of  the  boxwood,  however,  at  present,  iifo' 
wood-engraving ;  and  for  thu  purpose  it  is  an  important  article  of  cooicnerte. 
The  diflerent  kinds  of  box  tree  are  propagated  by  seeds,  cuttings,  and  bfO^ 
When  the  seeds  are  to  be  sown,  they  should  be  pthered  the  moment  the  rap- 
sules  appear  ready  to  open,  and  sown  immediately  in  li^ht  rich  e^irth, 'ell 
drained.  Cuttings  of  from  4  in.  to  6  in.  in  length  should  be  put  in,  in  BUtunm. 
in  a  sandy  soil,  and  a  shaded  situation,  and  in  a  year  they  mIII  be  fit  to  tniB- 
plant  into  nunnery  lines.  Layers  may  be  made  either  in  the  s|>rint;  or  aulunx. 
and  either  of  the  young  or  old  wood.  The  dwarf  box  used  fur  edginpii 
propagated  bv  being  taken  up,  divided,  and 
replanted,  box  edgings  are  best  planted 
early  in  spring,  because  tile  frost  in  winter 
it  apt  to  destroy  those  leaves  which  have 
been  cut  in  trimming  the  plants.  Box 
edgings  and  hedges  may  be  clipped  at  al- 
most any  season,  except  mid  winter.  Some 
gardeners  prefer  trimming  box  edgings  in  / 
June,  just  when  the  plnnts  have  nearly 
complete<l  their  year's  shoots  ;  because  they 
will  afterwards  make  shoots  of}  in.  or  I  in. 
in  length,  or,  at  all  events,  protrude  a  few  leaves 
conceal  all  appearance  of  the  use  of  the  shea 
followed,  it  is  necessary  to  go  over  the  edgings  oi  ., 
cut  neatly  off  with  the  knife  any  shoots  that  may  have  been  protnided  la 
taking  care  not  to  cut  the  leaves. 


f,  and  thus,  in  a  week  or  tiro. 

When   this  practice  ii 

ir  hedges  in  July,  in  ordfT  K 


t  2.B.I 


t  iPiUd.    The  Balearic  Box. 


UtnliftcaHon.    WIIM.  Arb.,  SO.,  Sp.  PI.,  t  p.  SST. ;  ?I 

Ignmj/mei,    B.  •.  i»r.  cliEiDtfa  It.  Dn  On.  1.  p.  SI 

M-ihon.  P*.;  B>lEUlKli<ir  Burhibvim,  Cir.  ;  BhkI. 

Et^tan^i.    N.  DuHun.,  pi.  2S.1  1. ;  udour.;l(i.  I 


LXV.    ARTOCA^RPEiB  :    MO'KVS. 


705 


^c.  Char.f  ^c.    Disk  of  leaf  oblong ;  footstalk  glabrous.    Anthers  arrow- 
shaped,  linear.  (WUld,)    An   evergreen  tree;  in  England  a  large  shrub. 
Minorca,  Sardinia,  Corsica,  and  Turkey,  on  rocky  suHaces.    Height  80  ft. 
in  England  15  ft.  to  20  ft.    Introduced  in  1780.    Flowers  yellowish  green  ; 
July.     Fruit  greenish  ;  ripe  in  October. 

A  very  handsome  species,  with  leaves  three  times  as 
large  as  those  of  B,  sempervlrens,  and  a  straight  smooth 
trunk.  The  leaves,  when  the  plant  is  fully  exposed  to  the 
air,  are  of  a  much  paler  green  than  those  of  the  common 
box ;  but,  when  they  are  in  the  shade,  they  are  of  an 
intensely  deep  green.  The  wood  is  of  a  brighter  yellow 
than  that  of  the  common 
box,  and,  being  of  a  coarser 
grain,  it  is  inferior  to  it  for 
engravine  on.  It  is  im- 
ported ffom  Constantino- 
ple in  large  quantities. 
The  plant  is  propagated 
by  cuttings,  which,  if  placed 
in  sandy  soil  under  glass, 
or  in  heat,  generally  strike 

root  in  about  two  months  after  being  taken  off. 

treated  like  those  of  the  common  box. 


137ft.   AlMMflea. 


1379.    B.balctfil(». 


Cuttings  will  also  succeed,  if 


Order  LXV.     ARTOCA'RPEiE. 

Ord.  Char.  Flowert  unisexual,  disposed  in  heads  or  catkins;  perianth 
usually  divided,  but  sometimes  tubular  and  entire.  Stamens  solitary  or 
several.  Ovarium  free,  1 — 2-celled.  Ovtdum  orthotropous.  Style  1.  Stigma 
bifid.  Fruit  a  sorosis.  Seedt  solitary.  Albumen  thin.  Radicle  superior. 
(G.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate  or  exstipulate,  deciduous  ;  lobed,  ser- 
rated or  entire.  FUnvers  axillary,  obscure. — Trees,  deciduous,  chiefly  of 
the  middle  size ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America.  The  genera 
in  British  gardens  are  thus  contradistinguished : — 

Jlfo^RUs  Towm.    Flowers  monoecious.     Calyx  4-sepaIed.     Stamens  4.    Fruit 

a  sorosis. 
Broussone't/j<  L'H^rit.    Flowers  dioecious.    Calyx  4-parted.     Stamens  4. 

Stigmas  tapering.     Fruit  a  sorosis. 
Maclu^il4  l^utt.    Flowers  dioecious.     Calyx  4-parted.     Stamens  4.    Fruit 

a  sorosis. 
i^'cus  Toum,    Flowers  polygamous.     Calyx  5-cleft.     Stamens  3.     Stigmas 

2.     Fruit  a  sycon. 
Bo*RY^  Willd.     Flowers  dioecious.     Calyx  4-cleft.     Stamens  2—3.    Stigmas 
capitate.    Fruit  pulpy. 

Genus  I. 


1  I       1 1 ^ 


JI/0*RU8  Toum.  The  Mulberry  Trek.    Un.  SysL  Monoe  cia  Tetr&ndria. 

Identificatiom.    Toum. ;  Willd.  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  36R. 

Jvn<n»yRef.    MCirler,  Fr. ;  Maulbeere,  Ger. ;  Moro,  Hal.  w   .  •. 

Derftnuion.    SeTeral  deriTationc  hare  been  given  for  the  word  M&njM  \  lome  loppoM  it  to  oe  taken 
from  the  Greek  word  morea,  or  morofi,  lignifyfaig  a  mulberry  or  blackberry  -,  other*  derire  it  from 

z  z 


706  ARBORETUM    ET  FRtJTICETUH   BRITAHNICCM. 

BUunH.  (Utk ;  ud  BIr  J.  E.  Smith  Hinnti  Uint  II  lai;  hue  ban  ukn  h;  utlpbruli  Inn 
worgi.  foaliih.  Cha  mulbcriT  IrM,  from  lUiloMnfu  in  pulling  out  lu  1™»M,  twlIlB  ■nttniU!' »■ 

Gen.  Char.,  Sfc.     Flouurn  tmiseiual,  mostlj'  monceciouB,  in  some  dindoai  or 

polygamous.  —  Malejioweri  in  ii-illBry   spikes.     CW^j  of  4- equal  stpil*. 

imbricate  in   asativation,   expanduJ   in   flowering.      Slameni   i      Fnalt 
fiowTi.    Calyx  a{  4  leaves,  in  opposite  pairs,  tiie  outer  pair  the  larger,  ill 

upright  and  persistent,  beconiirij-  pulpy  and  juicj.    Sianieiu  2,  long.  {G. 

Don.) 

Leaflet  simple,  alternate,  exsti)':ilate,  deciduous ;  large,  mostlj'  lobed  laJ 

rough.     F/owert  greenish  white      Fruit  the  aggr^ate  of  the  ovary  and  the 

ralyxea,   constituting  what   is   termed  b  mulberry.  —  Trees,   deciduous; 

natives  o(  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America.     Propagated  by  cuttings  or 

layers,  or  by  large  truncheons,  in  good  soil. 

The  leaves  of  all  the  species  will  serve  to  nourish  the  silkworm  ;  but  -U. 
&lba,  and  its  varieties,  are  considered  much  the  best  for  this  purpose. 

I   1.  M.  Nr'GBA  Poir.     The  black/rui/frf,  or  common.  Mulberry. 

IilmlfJkallM.    Pair.  Encr.  Mtlb.,  4.  p.  3^1- 1  Lin.  Ep,  F1  ,  ll»S  :  niilO.  Sp.  FI..  i.  p.  te). 

udDur/f.  iM± -,   ■        ■, 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.      Seles  (noncecious,  sometimes  dicecious.      Leaves  hon- 

shaped,  bluntish,  or  slightly  lobed  with  about  o  lobes  ;  toothed  with  unajml 

teeth,  roiirrh.  {Wm.)     A  deciduous  tree.     Persia.     Height  ?0  ft,  to  30ft. 

Introduced  in  1548.     Flowers  greenish  white  ;  June.     Fruit  oblon?,  reJ 

or  black  ;  ripe  in  August. 

*  M.n.  2  lacimitaVl\\\.  Diet.  No.  S.  has  the  leaves  jagged  rather  duotiil. 

In  Britwn,  the  common  mullierry  always  assumes  aoinething  of  a  dvarTor 

stunted  character,  spreading  into  very   thick  arms,   or  branches,  war  l!" 


rround,  and  formin!;  an  extremely  large  hend.     It  is  a  tree  of  tei?  P*"" 
Jurability  i  the  trees  at  Syon  being  said  to  be  300  years  old,  lod  w"""^  ** 


LXV.    ARTOCA'RPE*  :    MO  HU8.  707 

Oxford  snd  other  plnces  bein^  auppoaed  to  be  of  nearly  equal  antiquity.  It 
is  also  wonderfully  tenucious  of  life  ;  the  roots  of  a  black  mulberry,  which 
had  lain  dormant  in  the  ground  for  twenty-four  years,  being  said,  after  the  ex- 
piratiun  of  that  time,  to  have  senE  up  shoots.  The  wood  is  considered  of  but 
Jittle  value  in  France,  eicept  for  firewooci :  it  is  less  compact  than  even  that 
of  the  white  mulberry  ;  and  weighs  only  401b,  7  m.  the  cubic  foot.  Cattle 
eat  the  leaves,  and  aJl  kinds  of  poultry  'are  very  fond  of  the  fruit.  Silkworms 
feed  on  the  leaves  in  Persia,  but  in  cold  climates  they  are  considered  unsuit- 
able for  them.  In  Englund,  the  fruit  is  generally  eaten  at  the  dessert;  and 
it  is  considered  of  8  cooling  aperient  nature  vhen  ripe.  The  tree  will  grow  in 
slmost  any  soil  or  situation  that  is  tolerably  dry,  and  in  any  climate  not  much 
colder  than  that  of  London.  North  of  Yori:,  it  generalli  requires  a  wall.  It 
is  very  ea?ily  propagated  by  truncheons  or  pieces  of  branches,  8  or  9  feet  in 
length,  and  of  any  thickness,  being  planted  half  their  depth  in  tolerably  good 
soil;  when  they  will  bear  fruit  the  following ^ear.  Every  part  of  the  root, 
trunk,  boughs,  and  branches  may  be  turned  into  plants  by  separation:  the 
smalt  shoots,  or  spray,  and  the  small  roots,  being  made  into  cuttings  ;  the  large 
shoots  into  stakes  ;  the  arms  into  irunrheons :  and  the  trunk,  stool,  and  roots 
being  cut  into  fragments,  leaving  a  portion  of  the  bark  on  each. 

5  2.  jVr.  i'LBA  L.    The  wilite-Jruiled  Mulberry  Tree. 

IdnU^eaaan.    Un.  Hon.  Cliff.  «l.  ;  WIIW.  Sp.  Pl..<,  p.SW.;  N.  DuHm1.,<.  p,87. 
Syrnn^mei.    M.  ctndkla  J)wf.  /Vm^.  810. ;  it.  fniclu  Utw  Au*.  Pm.  OS. ;  M.  Oat  ftlKtu  mlDnr) 

Spec.  Char.,  S;c.  Leaves  with  a  deep  scallop  at  the  base,  and  either  beart- 
sbaped  or  ovate,  undivided  or  lolled,  serrated  with  unequal  teeth,  glossy, 
or  at  least  smoothish;  the  projecting  portions  on  the  two  sides  of  the 
basal  sinus  unequal.  (H'iild)  A  deciduous  tree.  China.  Height  iOft. 
to  30ft.  Introduced  in  1596.  Floweragreeniah  white;  May.  Fruit  whitcor 
pale  red  ;  ripe  in  September. 

X  m  M.  a.  8  malikailii  Perrottet  in 
Ann.  de  la  Soc.  Lin.  de  Paris  Mai 
1624  p.  129.,  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836  ; 
M.  taxktki  Drtf.,  but  not  of  Lin.  } 
or  Pall.;  A/.  buUata  BalbU;  M.l 
cucull&ta  Hart. ;  Chinese  black  \ 
Mulberry,  Amer,  ;  Perrottet  Mul- 
berry i  many-stalked  Mulberni;  Mii- 
rier  Perrottet,  Frl;  Milrier  a  Tipes 
nombreuaes,  Mfirier  dea  Philippines, 
A»n.  rfw  Sd.  i.  p.  336.  pi.  3.  ;  and 
our  _fig.  1381.;  Moro  dclle  Filip- 

pine,   Ila!.  —  Considered,  both    in  ,       i_ 

Italy  and  France,  as  by  far  the  best  '"  " 

variety  for  cultivation  as  food  for  the  silkworm. 

1  M.  a.  3  MoreltiaDa  Hort.,  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1630.  Dendolo's  Mulberry. 
—  Fruit  black  and  very  large.  Leaves  perfectly  flat,  deep  green, 
shining,  thin,  and  perfectly  smooth  on  both  suHaces.  Its  leaves 
raDk  nest  to  those  of  M.  a.  multicalilis  as  food  for  silkworms. 

S  M.o.  4  macToph^/la  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  M.  a.  Utilolia  Hort.;  M. 
hispinica  Hort.;  Miirier  d'Espagne,  Feuille  d'Espapne,  Fr.  —  This 
variety  produces  strong  and  vigorous  shoots,  and  large  leaves,  some- 
times measuring  8  in.  long,  and  6  in.  broad,  resembling  in  form  those 
of  Jl/.  nigra,  but  smooth,  glossy,  and  succulent. 

•t  M.  D.  5romana  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  I&36.  M.a.  ovalifolia;  Mflrier  ro- 
niain.  Fr.  — Bears  a  close  resemblance  to  the  above  sort. 

a  H.  o.  6  ncxTMH  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.    M.  nervosa  Bon  Jard.   IS36, 
ZZ  2 


?08  ARBORETUM    ET  FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 

M  suMlba  nervdsa  Hori.  —  Leaves  strongly  marked  «ith  tluck 

white  nerves  on  the  under  side. 
5  M.  a.   7  i/SUca  Hort.    M.  it*Uca   Lodd.  Col.    ed.   1836.  — Leaws 

lobed.     The  plant  bearing  Ehia  name  in  the  Jardin  des  Pluites  bas 

the  Boft  wood,  or  cambium,  of  the  current  year's  shootsofadefp 

red,  when  the  bark  is  removed. 
I  M.  n.  8  idtea  Hort.,  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  The  small  white  Mulberry: 

MiLrier  rose,  Feuille  rose,  Fr.  —  One  of  the  kinds  called  in  Frawt 

a  wild  variety. 
1  M.  a.  9  colamb6tia   Lodd.   Cat.  ed.   1836.     Columba,   Fr,  — Sniill 

delicate  leaves,  and  flexible  brunches. 
I  M.  a.  10  membranaera  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.   Murier  k  Feuille  de  Pit- 

chemin,  Fr.  —  Large,  thin,  dry  leaves. 
f  HI.  a.  II  tjnnuu  Hort.     Jlf.  sinensis  Hori.;  M.  chineiisis  Lodd.  Cat. 

ed.   1836;   the  Chinese   white  Mulberry,  Amer.  —  A  largeJeaicd 

«  M.  a.  12  pumh  Noi».  ?    M.  a.  nana  Hort.  Brit.  —  A  shrub,  stldoffl 
excei-ding  10  ft.  high. 

Other  Varieliei.  All  the  above  sorts  are  in  the  arboretum  of  Heors, 
Loddiges ;  but  in  the  catalogues  of  foreign  nurserymen  there  are  ictwiI 
other  names,  moat  of  which  will  be  found  enumerated  and  described  in  wi 
1st  edition,  including  JIf.  constautinopolitana  Fair.  (M.  byzanlina  Srh.l 
which  we  believe  to  be  nothing  more  than  a  rather  distinct  variety  of  Jf.ilbt. 


The  white  mulberry  is  readily  distinguished  from  the  black,  even  in  winter, 
by  its  more  numerous,  slender,  iiprighl-crowiDg,  and  white-barited  shoou,  li 
is  a  tree  of  much  more  rapid  growth  than  M.  nigra,  and  its  leaves  ve  no' 
only  less  rough  and  more  succulent,  but  they  contain  more  of  the  glutnKiu 
milky  substance  resembling  caoutchouc,  which  gives  tenacity  to  the  silk  pto- 
duced  by  the  worms  fed  on  them.  The  rate  of  growth  of  young  pUnliis 
much  more  rapid  than  that  of  M.  nigra ;  plants  cut  down  producing  shoots 
4  or  5  feet  long  in  one  season  ;  the  tree  attaining  the  height  o[  iOtLiaOre 
or  six  years;  and,  when  full  grown,  reaching  to  30  or  40feet.  Its  duratioD 
is  not  BO  great  as  that  of  M.  nigra.     The  white  mulberry  is  more  tender  than 


Lxv.  artoca'rpei;  :  afo'Rus,  709 

3fdnis  oigra,  and  requires  more  care  in  choosing  a  situation  for  it,  Calcare-  _ 
ouE  M»l  is  said  to  produce  the  beet  ailli;  and  humid  eituations,  or  where  the 
roots  of  the  tree  can  have  accees  to  water,  the  worst.  A  gtavelly  or  saoiiy 
loam  is  very  suitable  ;  and  trees  grown  on  hilly  surfaces,  and  poor  soils,  always 
produce  superior  silk  to  those  grown  in  valleys,  and  in  rich  soils.  The  tree  is 
propagated  hy  seeds  (sown  as  soon  as  ihey  are  gathered),  cuttings,  layers, 
and  grafting. 

1  3.  At.  (a.)  tata'rigs  Fall.     The  Tartarian  Mulberry  Tree. 

/dntliltoUiin.    Fall  FL  Rau.,  !.  p.  9.  1. 

Si. ;  LId.   Sp.  PI..  1999.  ;   WIIUI.  Sp. 

n..4.  p.  3(8. 
E.«r«™«l.    F.U.  Fl.  R™.,  a  t..W.i    , 

ind  «lr  JIf.  IMS.  ;  both  Iprtgt  UkCD 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  with 
a  shallow  scallop  at  the  base, 
and  either  heart-shaped,  ovate, 
or  iobed  ;  serrated  with  equal  J 
teetb,  smooth  ;  the  projecting 
portions  beside  the  sinus 
equal.  (WUld.)  A  tree  re- 
sembling M.  ilba  L.,  and 
perhaps  only  a  gei^raphical 
variety  of  that  species.  On  the  1 
banks  of  the  riven  Wolia 
and  Taltus,  or  Don.  Height 
soft.     Introduced  in   17S4. 

Flowersgreeniahwhite; June.  'iss-   "-it-iwrt™. 

Fruit  radish   or  pale,  of  no  good  flavour,   though   it   is   eaten  raw  in 
Tartary,  as  well  as  dried,  or  made  into  a  sweetmeat ;  ripe 

1  4.  M.  RUBRA  L.     The reA-frialed  Mulberry  Tree. 


710  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

Sunonymes.    M.  Tirgfnica  Pluk.  Aim.  p.  253. ;  M.  pennaylTinica  Noi$.  Arb.  Fruit. 
•  Engravings.    Wangenh.  Amer.,  t.  15.  f.  35. ;  the  plate  in  Arb.  Brit.,  Ut  edit.,  voL  tU.;  and  oar 
M'  1384. 

Spec.  Char,,  Sfc,  Sexes  polygamous  or  dioeciou.s.  Spikes  of  female  flowers 
cylindrical.  Catkins  of  male  flowers  of  the  length  of  those  of  ^etula  diha 
L,  Leaves  heart-shaped»  ovate,  acuminate,  3-lobed  or  palmate ;  serrated 
with  equal  teeth,  rough,  somewhat  villous  ;  under  surface  very  tomentose, 
and,  in  consequence,  soft.  {Willd,)  A  deciduous  tree.  Canada  to  Florida. 
Height  40  ft.  to  70  ft.  Introduced  in  1629.  Flowers  greenish  yellow  j 
July.     Fruit  long,  red,  and  [)leasantly  tasted  ;  ripe  in  September. 

Variety, 

t  M.  r.  2  scdhra.  M,  scabra  WUld.,  NutL;  M,  canadensis  Poir. 
Lam.  Diet,  4.  p.  380.  —  Leaves  rough  on  both  surfaces.  Horti- 
cultural Society's  Gardens. 

Very  distinct  from  any  of  the  preceding  species,  in  the  spreading  umbel- 
liferous appearance  of  the  branches,  and  the  flat,  heart-shaped,  very  rougb- 
surfaced  leaves,  which  are  almost  always  entire,  but  which,  nevertheless,  are 
occasionally  found  as  much  lobed  and  cut  as  those  of  any  other  of  the  genus. 
As  a  tree  ornamental  from  its  very  singular  form,  it  deserves  a  place  in  every 
pleasure-ground ;  and  it  is  particularly  adapted  for  giving  interest  to  the 
scenery  of  a  suburban  garden. 

Genus  IL 


[£ 


BROUSSONE'T/i*  Vent.   The  Broussonetia.    Lin.  Syst.  Di^'cia 

Tetr^ndria. 

Identification.    Vent.  Tabl.  du  Rdgne  V§gcL,  3.  p.  547.  ;  Willd.  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  743. 
Si/rujnymes.    3/drus  Stlw  Kempf.,  Lin. ;  /'apjrua  Encyc.  Bot.  5.  p.  5.,  Lam.  III.  Gen.  t.  7SJ. 
Derivation.    Named  in  honour  of  P.  N.  V.  Jiroussonel,  a  Frencli  naturalist,  «ho  wrote  nuaieroitf 
vrorks  on  natural  history. 

Ge7i,  Char.  Flowers  unisexual,  dicedous. — Maleflowert  in  f>endulous  cylindrical 
catkins  ;  each  flower  in  the  axil  of  a  bractea.  Calyx  shortly  tubiuar,  then 
4-parted.  Stamens  4,  elastic.  —  Female  flowers  in  peduncted,  axillar}*,  up- 
right, globular  hejids.  Calyx  tubular,  its  tip  with  3—4  teeth.  Style  (aterol. 
Stigma  taper.  Fridt  club-shaped,  consisting  of  the  int^ument  in  which  the 
ovary  was  enclosed,  and  now  become  very  juicy;  and  of  a  1 -seeded  oval 
utricle,  with  a  crustaceous  integument,  and  enclosed  within  the  juicy  inte- 
gument. (6^.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  ;  lobed  variously  or  en- 
tire, hairy,  large.  Flowers  greenish,  axillary. — Tree,  deciduous ;  native  of 
Japan  and  the  Pacific  Isles ;  culture  as  in  the  mulberry. 

■  1.  B.  PAPYRI 'fbr A  Vent,     The  Paper-bearing  Broussonetia,  or  Paper 

Mulberry, 

Identification.    Vent.  TaW.  du  R^gne  Vfcgfet.,  3.  p.  647.  ;  Willd.  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  743. 

Synonyme.    Af6ruii  papyrifera  Lin.  Sp.  PI.  1399. 

The  He.xet.    Both  the  male  and  female  plants  are  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  aad  ia  the 

arboretum  of  Messrs.  Loddiges. 
Engraving*.    N.  Du  Ham.,  2.  t.  7. ;  the  plate  in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  rol.  vii. ;  and  oar^.  i3^&- 

Spec,  Char.,  4"^.  See  Gen.  Char.  A  deciduous  low  tree  or  large  shrub. 
China,  Japan,  and  the  South  Sea  Islands.  Height  10  ft.  to  20  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1751.  Flowers  greenish  white  ;  May.  Fruit  oblong,  dark  scarlet, 
and  sweet,  but  rather  insipid  ;  ripe  in  August. 

Vatieties, 

m  B,p.2  cucuUdta.    B.  cucullata  Bon  Jard.  1833  p.  919. ;  B.  spatulata 
Hort.  Brit.  I  B.  navicularis  Lodd,  Cat.  ed.  18S6.  —  A  sport,  found  on 


LXV.  artoca'rpeje  : 


a  male  plant  in  the  Jardin  des  Planies.  which  bu  its  leayes  curved 
upwards.  IJie  the  hood  of  a  Capuchin,  or  the  aides  of  a  boat. 
•  S.  p.  Sfrliclu  ^60.  — Fruit  white. 


.l^r^S  ff  ""'fr?'".  the  great  variation  in  the  form  of  \u  leaves,  and 
also  from  ita  flowers  and  fruit.  In  ecneral  aspect  il  has  the  appearance  of  a 
mulberry,  but  it  w  less  hardy  than  tile  species  of  that  genus. 

Genus  HI. 


MACLU-R.1  Nutt.     ThbMacluha.     Lm.  5^41.    IM«  cia  Tetrindria. 

Unltfitabon.    Null.  G™.  N,  Amer.  Plarti   a  n  533  ■  Llnill   NjJ   Sru  nf  Hr*    n  IM 

Gen.  Char.  F/owert  unisexual,  dicecious.—3fo/frfoiirrj  in  a  racemose  panicle 
CaV  *-partejl.  5(flm«,i  4,  or  3.  -  FrmaU^ou,rr,  closely  ngRregate  upon 
an  ajis,  and  lorn. ing  a  globular  head  that  is  borne  upon  a  short  axillary  pe- 
dunele.  Cfl/w  oblong,  urceolar.  apparently  virith  4  lohes  at  the  tip.  SlgU 
threiid-ahaped,  downy,  protruded  nearly  an  inch  beyond  the  calyx.  Fndt 
an  achenium  about  %  in.  long,  compressed,  with  the  tip  blunt.  (G.  Bon.) 

^!>f*  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous;  ovate,  entire.  Fhiter, 
«mall,  jellow,  _  Tree,  deciduous  i  native  of  North  America  i  with  a  fruit  as 
lar^  as  an  orange,  and  when  ripe  of  the  same  colour;  prooHeated  bv  layers. 
cuttrngs  of  the  roots,  or  grafting  on  the  common  mulbOT^-. 

*   1.  M.  AUB4NTi"ACA  Nutl.     The  Orange-like->ui(ed  Madura,  or 
Otage  Orange. 

iSX'i?"' fl^h"'"™''  ^'""^  Wiiid.'j.'.'j'mrr.' 

£-gTorn.«j  Amcp^il  lo  Ijunbf  rfi  Monog.  on  the  Genu.  Plnu.,  3.  p.  M.j  tnimirJU.  13M  <□ 
whlrh  a  il  theBniAle  Bower.md  t  Ucinile  (  ths  frail  li  Bgured  of  Ihe  nU.  lile  la  our  lil  edll. 

V^.  C-W.     See  Oen.  Char.     A  deciduous  widely  spreading  tree,  with  spiny 

branches.     In  the  Arkansas,  and  on  tlie  banks  of  the  Red  lUver,  on  deep 

Z2  i 


712 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


fertile  soils.  Height  30  ft.  to  60  ft.  Introduced 
in  1818.  Flowers  yellowish  green  ;  June.  Fruit 
resembling  a  large  Seville  orange ;  ripe  in  October. 
Neither  flowers  nor  fruit  have  yet  been  produced 
in  England. 

The  leaves  are  ovate  acuminate,  of  a  bright 
shining  green,  broad,  with  a  cuspidate  point,  3  or 
3}  inches  long,  and  about  2  in.  broad.  The  petiole 
is  often  1  in.  long.  The  spines  are  simple,  rather 
strong,  about  1  in.  in  length,  and  produced  in  the 
axils  of  the  leaves.  The  fruit,  when  ripe,  is  of  a 
golden  colour,  and  on  the  tree  has  a  splendid  appear- 
ance ;  but,  though  eatable,  it  does  not  appear  to  be 
any  where  used  for  human  food.  The. wood  is  of  a 
bright  yellow,  very  fine-grained,  elastic,  and  on  that 
account  used  by  the  southern  tribes  of  the  American 
Indians  for  bows. 


1986.    M 


Genus  IV'. 


Fl^CUS  Toum.    The  Fig  Tree.    lAn.  Syst,  Polygamia  DiflBoa. 

Identification.    Tourn. ;  T.  Nees  ab  Esenbeck  Oen.  PI.  Fl.  Germ.,  flue.  8.:  Wllld.  Sp.  n.,4 

p.  1131. 
Svnotufmes.    Figuier,  Fr.  \  Felgenbaum,  Ger. ;  Ffco,  Ital. 
Derivation,    Some  derive  Flcus  ftom  faccundut,  on  account  of  lU  abundant  bearing ;  and  odhiR 

from  sukos  (Greek),  or  fag  (Hebrew),  the  names  for  the  fig  tree  in  those  language*,   llie  if  tnt 

has  nearly  the  same  name  in  all  the  European  languages. 

Gen.  Char.  Flowert  monoecious,  inserted  upon  the  interior  surface  of  a  bol- 
iow  globular  or  pear-shaped  fleshy  receptacle,  in  whose  tip  u  an  orifice 
closed  with  small  scales ;  those  in  the  upper  part  male,  the  re^st  femak. 
— Maleflowerf,  Calyx  3-parted.  Stamens  3. — Femcde  flowers.  Caiyx  5-cldt 
Stigmas  2.     Fruit  a  utricle.  (G.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous;  lobed.  Stymies  large,  con- 
volute. Floioers  within  the  fruit.  —  Tree,  deciduous  ;  native  of  the  Souib 
of  Europe  and  Asia. ;  sap  milky ;  cuttings  in  good  soil. 

1  \.  F.  Ca^'rica  L.    The«wMnon  Fig  Tree. 

Jdentffleatton.    Lin.  Sp.,  1513. ;  Willd.  Sp.,  4.  p.  1131. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  4.  p.  198. 

Synonymet.    F.  communis  Bauh.  Pin.  457.;  F.  hdmills  and  F.  sjlr^stris  Toum,  iMf.6SS.;r>- 

guler  coromun,  Fr. :  gemeine  Felgenbaum,  Ger. 
Engravings.    N.  Du  Ham.,  t.  53. ;  the  plate  of  this  tree  fai  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit,  tqI.  Tii. ;  b^  <i«f 

M.  1887. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  palmate  and  subtrilobate ;  rough  above,  pubesceot 
beneath.  (  Willd.)  A  low  deciduous  tree.  Asia,  on  the  sea  coast.  Hei|bt 
15  ft.  to  30  ft.  *  Cultivated  in  Britain  from  time  immemorial.;  and  ripemng 
its  fruit  against  walls,  in  the  climate  of  London,  in  the  month  ofSepteoto. 

Varieties.  Botanically,  the  common  fig  may  be  considered  as  existing  in  three 
diflerent  states :  —  1.  Wild,  in  which  the  leaves  are  comparativdy  sntsll, 
and  not  much  cut ;  and  the  fruit  small,  and  sometimes  blue  and  somedmes 
white.  2.  Cultivated,  with  very  large  leaves,  very  deeply  cut,  such  as  the 
Blue  Ischia  and  the  Brunswick  fit;,  and  other  sorts ;  the  fruit  of  some  of 
which  is  white,  and  of  others  dark.  3.  Cultivated,  with  very  large  leaves, 
not  much  cut,  as  the  White  Marseilles  fig,  and  others  with  fruit  of  di^rent 
colours.  Those  who  are  disposed  to  go  farther  may  form  three  aubvarieties 
under  each  of  these  heads,  according  as  the  fruit  is  blue  or  Uack,  red  or 
purple,  yellow,  white,  or  green.    The  garden  varieties  are  very  onmefods ; 


f 


/ 


LXT.    ARTOCABPE£:   Bo'rY^.  713 


s 


BORY^  W. 

Tbk  Bobi 

■A.     Lin.  I^ri.  Dicecia 

Di-Tri&ndria. 

.  tHcuue  Li  BiUiidihr  had  preilouiLv  itlTen  Uii 

J»i: 

Gen,  Char.,  ij-c.  Floweri  unisexual,  dwecious, — Male  fiowtrt.  Caiyx  minute, 
in  4  deep  i^menta.  SlaTiieru  2—3. — Female  fiowen.  Calyx  inferior,  iu 
4  deep  segmenU,  deciduous.  Style  short.  Stigma  capitate,  depressed. 
Pndt  pulpy,  oval,  oblong.  (G,  Don.) 

Leavtt  simple,  opposite,  or  nearlj  so,  eisdpulate,  deciduous  ;  entire. 
Fhaieri  axillary,  fascicled,  bracteatcd,  minute —  Shrubs,  deciduous,  natives 
of  Korth  America,  with  tbe  aspect  of  the  common  [H-ivet.  Pn^Migated  by 
cuttinga,  and  quite  hardj. 


"fif^rS- 


d'stbina  tViild.    The  Privet4ike  Borya. 

,     r <  p.  Ttl.  ;  All.  HsR.  K»,.  td.  1,.  idL  S, 

JtMlU  flgnurlu  Mida.  FU  Bar.  ^mir.  1,  p.  m.;  Blgelft'i)!  didMriu  ji 


?i  Cftiim.  Aa 

T%e  San.    Tlw  pUDH  tnuiis  thit  nuna  In  Loddllu'l  Bbonlum  lu»  DM  JK  Aomnd. 
Ewf  rating.    OnjJ^.  IMA.  from  a  llTlng  <p«tDialI. 

ifp«-.  Ciar.,  ^c.  In  habit  and  leaves  somewhat  renembling  Ligtistrum  vul- 
gdre  L.  Leaves  with  very  short  petioles,  and  disks  that  are  tanceolate- 
oblong,  eotire,  somewhsl  membranous.  Fruit  rather  shortly  ovate.  (Micix.) 
An  o-ed  deciduous  shrub.  North  America,  in  thickets  about  riven,  in  the 
countrieaof  the  Illinois,  Tennessee,  8cc.  Height  5ft.  to  10ft.  Introd.  IBIS. 
Flowers  greenish;  July  and   August. 


ARBOBETITH    ET    EBUTICETUM    BRITANNICUftf. 


leaved  Borya. 
nintu  .llitlu.  h.  Bar 


Spec.  Char.,  Ifc.      Leaves   mem- 

brunoiis,  lancr^oluie   in  Dlniost 

a  rhombic  manner;  but  most 

tapered  to  the  outward  end  ; 

\\  in.  long,   iierrulate.       Male 

flowers  several  together  in  small 

sessile  tufls,  encompassed  with 

severul   ovnte    bracceas.      Fe-       hm.  B.fliuai—. 

male  flowers  stalked,  very  small. 

Fruit  pendulous,  elliptic-oblong,  nearly   1  in.   long 

before  it  is  ri|ie,  tapered  to  tbe  tip  in  a  beak-like 

manner.      It  appeara  that  the  taper  lateral  branches 

form  something  like  thorns.  (AficAx.)   Carolina  and 

Georgia.     An  erect  shrub,  on  the  lianka  of  risers. 

Height  5  fL  to  10  ft.  Introd.1812.  Flowers  greenish. 

The  only  diflerence  which  we  can  observe  between 

B.  acuminutH  and  B.  /igustrina  is,   that  tbe  fbroier 

has  the  leaves  of  a  paler  green,  and  much  larger. 

The  plant  bears   a  general  resemblance  to  a  privet, 

>u-       or  a  large  Persian  lilac. 

J.  (E.)  PORULO'SA   ifiW/.     The  PoK-li&e-dolledleaved  Borya. 

oiuituu  MicAr.  fi.'Hor.  Amir.  3.  p.  hi. ;  Sluelbifa  pomlftu  ^ 


Sjxc.  Chnr.,  ^c.  Leaves  coriaceous,' sessile, 
lanceolntely  ovate,  but  with  a  blunt  point, 
entire  ;  the  lateral  edges  rcvolute  ;  under 

surface  nither  rusty,  and  pimcturcd  with 
litile  holes.  (^Michx.')     A  shrub,  like  the 

? receding   kinds.      Geor^a  and  Florida. 
iitruducedin  IB06. 
The  plants  in  the  collection   of  Messrs. 
Loddi);es  differ   from  B. /igustrina  chiedy  in 
"'"    'eaves  beiny  shorter. 


Order  LXVt.  C/LMA^CE^ 
Orb.  CHitn.  Ftoweri  pedicellate,  hermaphrodite  or  polygamous,  collected  imo 
loose  small  heads.  Perianth  free,  5-lobcd.  Slajsem  5,  opposite  the  lobes. 
Ovarium  solitary.  Sdgnwi  2.  fruit  indehiscent,  2-celled,  mcmbrnnouj,  com- 
pressed, winged.  Seed  solitary  in  the  cells,  peniiuloua.  Albumen  none.  ((S. 
Don.) 

Leavei  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  serrated  or  entire,  Floatrt 
axillary,  on  short  peduncles,  small. — Trees,  deciiluuiil,  chiefly  of '*^ 
size  :  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  America;  included  in  three  genera, 
which  are  thus  contradistinguished:  — 


LXVl.    ULMA^CEiE:    U^LMVS.  715 

CTlmcs  L,    Flowers  polygamous.    Fruit  a  samara. 
'Pla^sera  Gmelin.    Flowers  polygamous.     Fruit  dry. 
Ce'ltis  Toum,    Flowers  polygamous.     Fruit  a  drupe. 

Genus  I. 


r^TMUS  L,    The  Elm.    Lin.  Si/st  Pent&ndria  Dig^nia. 

Identification.    Lin.  Gen.,  123. ;  Sm.  Engl.  FI.,  2.  p.  1,  2.  and  19. 

Sunonifmet,    Ome,  Pr. ;  Ulm,  or  RQster,  Ger. ;  Olmo,  Ital. 

Derivation,  C7'lmui  ii  supposed  to  be  derived  ftom  the  Saxon  word  elm,  or  ulm ;  a  nune  which  is 
applied,  with  very  slight  alterations,  to  this  tree,  in  all  the  dialects  or  the  Celtic  tongue.  Ulm  is 
still  one  of  the  German  names  for  the  elm  ;  and  the  city  of  Ulm  is  said  to  derive  its  name  from 
the  great  number  of  elm  trees  that  are  growing  near  it.  There  are  above  forty  places  in  England 
mentioned  in  the  Doonudajf-Book^  which  take  their  names  from  th«it  of  the  eim ;  such  as  Bam 
Elms,  Nine  Elms,  &c. 

Gen.  Char.,  S^c.  Flowert  in  lateral  groups,  proceeding  from  peculiar  buds, 
and  protruded  before  the  leaves  ;  bisexual ;  monoecious.  Calyx  reddish, 
distinct  from  the  ovary,  top-shaped  or  bell-shaped,  of  one  piece,  but  having 
5  or  4 — 8  segments,  which  imbricate  in  aestivation ;  remaining  until  the 
fruit  falls.  Stamens  as  many  as  the  segments.  Style  short  ,or  wanting. 
Stigmas  2,  acuminate.  Fntit  a  samara,  with  a  membranous  wing.  (G.  Don.) 
Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  serrate,  feather-nerved, 
harsh  to  the  touch,  generally  unequal  at  the  base.  Flowers  small,  whitish 
or  reddish.  Decaying  leaves  rich  yellow.  —  Trees,  deciduous  ;  natives  of 
Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America.  The  species  are  propagated  by  seeds, 
and  the  varieties  by  grafting. 

The  elm  is  remarkable  for  the  aptitude  of  the  different  species  to  vary  from 
seed  ;  so  much  so  that  it  is  extremely  difficult  to  say,  in  this  genus,  which  are 
species  and  which  are  varieties ;  or  even  to  what  species  the  varieties  belong. 
To  us  it  appears,  that  there  are  only  two  British  sorts  which  are  truly  distinct ; 
viz.  U.  campestris  and  U,  monthna.  U.  americana,  and,  perhaps,  some 
other  of  the  American  species  may  also  be  distinct.    Great  attention  has  been 

Caid  to  this  genus  by  Mr.  Masters  of  Canterbury,  who  has  raised  many  sorts, 
oth  from  American  and  European  seeds,  and  whose  collection  will  be  found 
described  in  the  1st  edition  o^  this  work,  and  in  the  Gard,  Mag,  vol.  xiii. 
p.  28.  U,  glabra  and  U.  mh^or  seem  intermediate  between  U.  campestris 
and  U.  montAna.  U.  effusa  Hppears  yery  distinct ;  but  is  probably  only  a 
variety  of  U,  campestris.  Of  all  the  numerous  varieties  which  may  be  pro- 
cured in  British  nurseries,  the  best  kinds  for  cultivation  for  their  timber 
appear  to  be,  the  Huntingdon  elm  (  U.  ra.  glabra  vegeta),  and  the  Wych  elm 
(  U.  montana)  ;  and  for  ornament  the  weeping  elm  ( U.  montana  p^ndula), 
the  sub-evergreen  elm  (C7.  campestris  virens),  and  the  twiggy  elm  (^U.  cam- 
pestris viminalis).  The  sucker-bearing  elms  are  chiefly  the  varieties  of  U. 
campestris,  and  these  seldom  produce  seeds ;  but  U.  montana,  and  U.  m. 
glabra,  and  their  varieties,  which  never  throw  up  suckers,  produce  seeds  in  the 
greatest  abundance  every  year.  U.  campestris  does  indeed  produce  seeds 
occasionally,  though  rarely,  in  England ;  and  the  U.  c.  viminalis  is  a  British 
seedling,  raised  by  Mr.  Masters.  In  France,  U.  campestris  ripens  seeds 
much  more  freely,  and  these  have  given  rise,  in  that  country,  to  innumerable 
varieties.  The  whole  genus,  it  will  readily  be  conceived,  is  in  a  state  of  great 
confusion.     See  Arb.  £rit.,  1st  edit.,  p.  1409. 

f    I.   U.  CAMPE^STRis  L.    The  English,  field,  or  cpmmon  smalUeaved,  Elm. 

IdentificaHon.    Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  327. ;  Sm.  Engl.  Fl.,  I  p.  20. 

SlfnonynuM.    £7'lmus  AWvAa  Piinu  Nat.  Hixt.  lib.  16.  cap.  17.  and  lib.  17.  cap.  11. ;  U.  minor,  folio 

angusto  scabro,  Ger.  Etnac.  Nw).  f. :  Olmo  prramldale,  Itai. 
EngreningB.    Engl.  Bot.,  1. 1886. ;  N.  t>u  Ham.,  2.  t.  42. ;  the  plates  in  Arb.  Brit,  1st  edit,  Tol.  tU.  | 

and  oar  fig.  1394. 


716  ARBORETUM   £T  FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM* 

Spec,  CAar.,^c.  Leaves  doubly  serrated,  rough.  Flowers  Dearly  sessile,  4-cleft 
Samara  oblong,  deeply  cloven,  glabrous.  (Smith.)  A  large  deciduous  tree. 
England,  France,  and  the  warmer  parts  of  Europe.  Height  60  ft.  to  80  ft. 
Flowers  bi'ownish  ;  March  and  April.    Samara  yellow ;  npe  in  May. 

Varieties, 

A.  Timber  Trees, 

If  U.  c.  I  vulgaris.  U,  campestris  Hort,  Dur.  —  Very  twiggy ;  pale 
smooth  bark ;  of  irregular  growth  in  some  plants,  with  almost  hori- 
zontal branches,  where  no  others  are  near  to  force  the  shoots  up- 
wards. In  some  soils,  it  is  very  subject  to  decay  at  the  joints.  The 
bark  is  leaden-coloured  while  young,  splitting  into  long  thin  strips 
with  age.     A  bad  variety  to  cultivate  for  timber. 

It  V,  c.  2  latifoUa  Hort. — Leaves  broader  than  in  the  species,  and  ex- 
panding very  early  in  spring. 

*P  U.  c.  3  dlba  Masters.  —  Of  upright  growth.  The  old  bark  cracks  in 
irregular  long  pieces,  and  becomes  very  pale  with  age.  Shoots  with 
the  bark  tinged  with  red,  and  the  footstalks  of  the  leaves  quite  red. 
Leaves  shimng,  and  doubly  and  deeply  serrated,  bearing  a  very  near 
resemblance  to  those  of  U,  effusa.    A  valuable  timber  tree. 

If  U.  <?.  4  acutifolia  Masters.  —  Growth,  during  its  early  stages,  very  like 
the  last,  but  stronger.  The  leaves,  in  old  specimens,  more  tapering, 
and  the  branches  more  pendulous.  Bark  like  the  last.  This  appears 
very  common  in  some  parts  of  Essex,  Suffolk,  and  Norfolk.  Also  a 
good  timber  tree. 

"i  V,c,  5  strUUa  Hort.  Dur.  Red  English  Elm.  —  One  of  the  most 
valuable  timber  trees  of  the  small-leaved  kinds.  Growth  veiy  rigid. 
The  timber  is  excellent ;  and  the  tree  forms  poles  of  equal  diameter 
throughout. 

¥  U.  c.  6  vtrens  Hort.  Dur.  Ridbrook  Elm.  —  Almost  evergreen  ^  in  a 
mild  winter  :  and,  as  such,  is  the  most  ornamental  tree  of  the  genus. 
It  must  not,  however,  be  depended  upon  as  a  timber  tree,  b^use, 
in  some  autumns,  the  frost  kills  the  shoots.  The  bark  is  red,  and 
the  tree  of  spreading  habit.  This,  like  the  last-mentioned  kind, 
grows  well  upon  chalk. 

If  U.  c.  7  comubieiisis  Hort.  U,  stricta  Lindl,  Synop,  p.  227.,  Lodd,  Cai. 
ed.  1836;  the  Cornish  Elm. —  An  upright-branched  tree  ;  the  trunk 
and  branches,  when  young,  ha^dng  a  somewhat  flexuose  appearance, 
which  disappears  as  it  grows  old.  The  leaves  are  small,  strongly 
veined,  and  coriaceous.  Branches  bright  brown,  smooth  when  young, 
and  very  compact.  This  variety,  in  the  climate  of  London,  is  a 
week  or  fortnight  later  in  coming  into  leaf  than  the  common  elm, 
from  which,  and  from  all  the  other  varieties,  it  is  readily  distin- 
guished by  the  bark  of  oM  trees,  which  never  scales  off,  but  tears 
as  under,  exhibiting  its  fibrous  construction,  in  the  manner  of  the 
bark  of  the  8weet  chestnut.  There  are  many  fine  trees  of  this  va- 
riety in  Kensington  Gardens. 

If  U.  c.  Ssitmiensis,  U.  samiensis  Lodd,  Cat,  1836  ;  the  Jersey  Elm. — 
A  free-growing  variety,  differing  very  little  from  the  species. 

If  U.  c.  9  tortudsa.  U,  tortuosa  Lodd.  Cat.  1836 ;  ?  Orme  tortiUard, 
Fr, ;  the  twisted  Elm. — The  wood  of  the  tortuous  parts  of  the  trunk 
is  valuable  for  the  naves  of  wheels,  and  is  much  used  for  that 
purpose  in  France.  It  is  the  only  elm  which  grows  freely  by  cut- 
tings, and  is  generally  so  propagated  in  the  French  nurseries.  See 
Arb,  Brit.,  Ist  edit.,  p.  1379. 

B.  Ornamental  or  curious  TYees, 
t  V.  f.  10  Joliu  variegdtis  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  —  This  ?arieCy»  which 


LXVI.    ITLMACE*:    U  LMVS.  717 

may  be  called  the  BilTer-leavetl  dm,  baa  the  leaves  striped  with  white, 

ana,  in  ^ring,  is  verv  ornameiitBl. 
V  V.  c.  U  belukefoSa.    U.  ietulseBlia  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.   1836.  —  Leaves 

somewhat  resembling  those  of  the  conoion  birch. 
t  U.  c.  IB  avandlu  Hort.   Dur.  p.  66.      U.  viminitlia   Lodd.  Cat.  ed. 

1836.     (The  plaie  in  Arb.  Brit.,  lat  edit.,  vol.  vii.)  —  Small  leaves. 

and  numerous  slender  twig-like  branches.     It  is  a  very  distinct  and 

elegant  varieiv ;  and  easily  recognised,  either  in   summer  or  winter 

Raised,  in  1817,  by  Mr.  Masters. 
T  U.  e.   13  parvifBlia.    V.   parvifolia    Jac.  Fl. 

Rar.  Hort.  Scicenbr.  iii.  p.  S61.  t.  262.;   U. 

mierophyllapCT-f,;  (7.pilmilavar.S(CrBnEbBi.  ■ 

cat;nsiK)Paa.^ott,i.p.  76.  t.48.;  £7.pumila  , 

H'iW.^.Pti.p.  1326.iC.p.f61iiBpSrvifl,&c. 

PW.^im.  p.  !i93.;  (7.  hiimilU  En»ni.  St^. 

Ruth.  p.  jeo.  No.  860.    (<hir^.  1392.1 

A  tree,  according  to  Pallas,  who  mentions 

several  varieties  of  it,  very  common  in  all 

the  woods  of  the  South  of  Russia,  and  vary- 
ing in  height  from  that  of  a  middle-sized  tree 

to  that  of  a  diminutive  shnib,  according  to 

the  soil  and  climate  in  which  it  gtowa.  \ 

T   U.  c.  ttpiamfitia.     t/.  planiffilia /for(.    (The  ' 

plate  of  this   tree   in  Ar6.  Brit.,   Ist  edit., 

vol.  vii.J  —  A  handsome  small  tree,  closely 

resemblm^  the  preceding  variety.  ""  ccHrttw.- 

*  U.  c.  I5c/tmentu.   U.  chin^nsis  /'m.  i,  p.  S91.  No.  9.,  Bam.  et  Sc/niU. 

Syil.   Fgg.  vi.  p.  303. ;   The  de   lAbbe   Gallois,   Onne  nain,  Fr. ; 

(Out  J!g.   1393.)  — A   low   bush,  introduced   from 

China,    but    when    is    uncertain.     Rather    tender. 

Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 
^  U,  c,  16  cucuUata  Hort.  —  Leaves   curiously  curved, 

something  like  a  hood.     Hort.  Soc.  Garden, 
t  U.  c.  17  concaoEfilia  Hort.  —  Resembles  the  preceding 

kind.    Hort.  Soc.  Garden. 
T  U.  c.   IS  jBfiii  aitreit   Hort, — Leaves  variegated  with 

I  U.  e.   19  nana  Hort. — A  very  distinct  variety,  aaid 

to  RTow  above  2  ft.  high  in  ten  or  twelve  year«.  Hort. 
Society's  Garden. 

OlhtT  VarieUei,     In  Messrs.  Loddiges'a  Catalogue,  ed.  1836, 
V.c.filiujnaciilaltt,  V.dubia,  V.  vitcdta,  and  some  others,are 
enumerated,  and  in  our  Erst  edition  twelve  French  varittiea  u 
are  described,  to  which  might  be  added,  the  Orme  peduncul6 
of  the  French,  which  appears  to  be  our  t/'lmus  effilsa,  though  we  have  doubts 
on  this  subject. 

"The  common  English  elm  is,  perhaps,  more  frequently  to  be  found  in  the 
parks  and  pleasure-grounds  of  the  English  nihility  and  Rentrv,  than  any  other 
tree,  except  the  oak.  It  is  of  a  tall  upright  habit  of  growth,  with  a  straight 
trunk,  +  or  o  feet  in  diameter  when  fully  grown,  and  attuning  the  height  of 
60  or  70  feet  or  upwards.  The  wood  loses  a  great  deal  in  drying ;  weighing, 
when  green,  nearly  701b.  the  cubic  foot;  and,  when  dry,  not  more  than 
48^  lb.  It  is  of  a  brownish  colour,  and  is  hard  and  fine-grained-  It  possesses 
greater  lateral  adhesion,  and  less  longitudinal  toughness,  than  that  of  V. 
mont^a,  and,  consequently,  does  not  crack  so  much  as  that  sort  in  drying. 
In  ship-building  it  is  valuable  for  fonning  the  blocks  and  dead  eyes,  and  other 
wooden  furniture  of  rigging,  being  particubrly  suitable  for  tliese  purposes, 
from  its  bard  and  adhesive  nature,  and  indispontion  to  crack  or  split  when 


718 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BniTANNICUM. 


exposed  to  mm  or  weather.  The  great  uie  or  the 
English  elm,  however,  in  Khi)>-builJing.  is  for 
keels.  In  licht  had,  especially  if  it  be  rich,  the 
growth  of  tfie  tree  id  very  rapiJ  ,*  but  its  uood 
IB  light,  porous,  und  of  litile  value  compared  with 
that  grown  upon  strong  land,  v,)iich  i*  of  a  closer 
stronger  texture,  and  at  the  heart  will  have  the 
colour,  and  almost  the  hardneiis  end  heaviness,  of 
iro!i.  The  common  elm  produces  abundance  of 
suckers  from  the  roots,  both  nenr  and  at  a  ^nt  " 
distance  from  the  stem  ;  and  ihrouehout  Europe  i. 
these  affiird  the  most  ready  mode  of  propagation, 
and  that  which  appears  to  have  been  most  gene- 
mil}'  adoptoil  till  the  establishment  of  regular 
commercial  nurseries ;  the  suckers  being  procured 
from  the  roots  of  proirn  up  trees,  in  h^gerows, 
parks,  or  plantations.  In  Britain,  the  present 
mode  of  propainilion  is  by  layers  from  stools,  or 
by  ):rafting  on  the  U,  montana.  The  layers  are 
made  in  autumn,  or  in  the  course  of  the  winter, 
and  are  rooted,  or  lit  to  be  taken  off,  in  a  year. 
Grafting  is  generally  performed  in  the  whip  or  splice  manner,  close  to  llic 
root,  in  the  spring ;  and  the  plants  make  shoots  of  3  or  +  feet  in  length  the 
same  year.  Budding  is  sometimes  performed,  but  less  frequently.  The  great 
advantage  of  grafting  is,  that  the  plants  never  throw  up  suckers,  uiiles< 
indeed  the  graft  is  buried  in  the  soil.  The  tree  bears  the  knife  l>etter  than 
most  others,  and  is  not  very  injurious  to  grass  growing  under  it.  The  Iistcs 
are  eaten  by  most  kinds  of  cattle. 


t  9.   U.  {c.)  sL-DERO'sA  Manvh. 

k.  141.  i  wiiiii,  Gp.  TV,  p.  lau. 


The  Cork^rifrf  Elm. 


nfT!";- 


V,  camppttrli  «ifl  Thvophrfciti  Du  Hib. 
'^\m  'Ttet,"^<niit'.  Errl.  S^l.  f.  US.'i'vohae  Litgr.  I'OtBa 
luHim.  Arb.,  9.1.  im. ;  thii  pliUIn  Arik  BriL,  IB  idiL.  lol 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.    Leaves  pointed,  rough,  doubly 
and  sharply  serrated.    Flowers  stalKed,  4—5- 
clefi.       Samara    almost    orbicular,    deeply 
cloven,  glabrous.     Branches  spreading ;  their 
bark  corty.    (Smilh.)      A   deciduous   1 
taller  and  more  spreading  than  the  common 
Eniilish  elm.  En<;lanil.    Height  tiO  ft.  to  80  ft., 
and  sometimes  lUOft.     Flowers  and  s; 
as  in  the  pruccdmg  kind. 
Varielirs. 

S  U.  (f.)  I.  1  nil^nTu.  V.  sulxirosa  lh,tL 
Diir.  t  the  Dutch  cork-barked  Elm. — 
This,  except  (he  American  elm  and 
the  (.'unterbury  seedling  ( U.  montiina 
m^or  glabra),  is  the  quickest-growing 
of  any  that  Mr.  Masters  cultivates.   It  >»>■  nu-jmunu. 

is,  moreover,  valuable  on  account  of  its 

Rowing  weli  upon  the  Kentish  chalks ;  and  it  keeps  iis  leaf  till  I.- 
in  the  autumn.     It  is  a  tree  of  large  growth.    Many  of  (fie  einis 
Windsor  are  of  this  kind. 
1   U.  (c:)t.  2  Joliit  varie^alii  hodd.  Cat.  ed.lB35.    f .  suherAa  rarit^-i 

li'irt.  Dor.  —  Prcciselv  like  the  last,  except  in  its  vari^ation- 
T  U.  (<-.)  I.  3  dlba.    U.  subeiBsa  alba  Afa^teri.^  A  low  tree,  of  mo 


LXVI.    17LMA^CE£:    I/LMUS. 


719 


/ 


compact  growth  than  the  two  preceding  varieties ;  and  often  growing 

into  an  oval,  or,  rather,  cone-shaped  head.     Young  shoots  pubes- 

<ent.      Foliage  thickly  set.    Bark  much  wrinkled,  and  becoming 

^hite  with  age. 
^  rj,  (c.)  *.  4  erecta  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.   1836.  —  Has  a  tall   narrow  head, 

resembling  that  of  the  Cornish  elm;  but  differs  from  that  tree  in 

having  much  broader  leaves,  and  a  corky  bark, 
i  U-  (c.)  *,  bvar.  The  broad-leaved  Hertfordshire  Elm,  Wood^  nurserj'- 

man  at  Huntingdon.  —  The  shoots  show  some  tendency  to  become 

corky,  which,  in  our  opinion,  determines  this  variety  to  belong  to  U. 

(c.)  suberosa,  rather  tnan  to  U,  montana  or  U,  {xn.)  glabra. 
5   I .  (c.)  t,  6  var.    The  narrow-leaved  Hertfordshire  Elm,   Wood,  — 

Leaves  and  shoots  differing  very  little  from  those  of  U,  campestris. 

1  3.  U.  (c.)  MA^JOR  Smith.     The  greater,  or  Dutch  Cork-barked^  Elm. 

Identification,    Sm.  Engl.  Bot.,  t  3M2. ;  Sm.  Engl.  Fl.,  3.  p.  21. 

Sifwrnumeit.     U.  hollindlca  MiU.  Diet  ed.  8.  Na  5. ;  U.  mi^or  holl&ndica,  &c..  Pink.  Aim.  393. ; 

U.  major,  amplibre  fblio.  &c.,  Du  Ham.  Arb,  2.  p.  368. ;  TlUa  mAa  MaUh.  Falgr.  1.  156.  f . }  U. 

latlfblia  MidU.  N.  Amer.  Syl.  3.  t.  129.  f.  2. 
Fngravtngs.    Engl.  Bot.»  t.  2M2. ;  N.  Amer.  Syl.,  3.  1. 129.  f.  2. ;  the  plate  of  this  tree  in  Arb. 

Brit.,  lit  nlU,.  Tol.  Yil. ;  and  our^.  1386. 

Spec.  C/uir.y  Sfc.  Leaves  rough*  unequally  and  rather  bluntly  serrated. 
Flowers  nearly  sessile,  4-cleft.  Samara  obovate,  slightly  cloven,  glabrous. 
Branches  drooping,  the  bark  corky.  ( Smith.) 
A  deciduous  tree,  with  widely  spreading 
branches.  England.  Height  50  ft.  to  70  ft. 
Flowers  and  samara  as  in  the  preceding  kinds 

The  branches  spread  widely,  in  a  drooping 
manner,  and  their  bark  is  rugged,  and  much 
more  corky  than  even  the  foregoing.  Leaves  on 
short  thick  stalks,  larger  and  more  bluntly  ser- 
rated than  the  last ;  rough  on  both  sides,  espe- 
cially beneath  ;  but  the  hairy  tufts  at  the  origin 
of  each  transverse  rib  are  very  small.  Segments 
of  the  calyx  short  and  rounded.  Stamens  4. 
Samara  obovate,  with  a  very  small  rounded 
sinus,  not  reaching  half  so  far  as  the  seed.  This 
appears  to  be  the  kind  brought  over  by  Wil- 
liam in.  from  Holland  ;  which,  from  its  quick 
growth,  was,  at  first,  much  used  for  hedges  and 
formal  rows  of  clipped  trees  ;  but,  when  the 
Dutch  taste  in  gardening  declined,  the  tree  was 
no  longer  cultivated ;  as  its  wood  was  found 
very  inferior  to  that  of  most  other  kinds  of  elm.  ^^^^  t,.  (^ ,  ,^j„ 

5  4.  U.  EFFU'SA  WUld.     The  spreading-branched  Elm. 

Jdntt(fieati<m.    Willd.  Arb.,  393. ;  Sp.  Fl.,  1.  p.  1325. ;  Duby  et  Dec.  Bot  Gall.,  I. p.  422. 
SynonffTJUS.     U.  dlULta  EArh.  Arb.  72. ;  U.  peduncul^ta  Lam.  Diet.  No.  2. j  U.  octlndra  Schk.  Bot 

Handb.  178.  t  67. ;  U.  fi>lio  latissimo,  Ac,  Stub.  Ual.  340. ;  U.  IsVia  Pal.  Rou.  yoI.  1.  p.  75. ; 

rOrme  pMonculd.  Fr.  • 

Engravings.    Hayne,  L  29. ;  the  plates  of  this  tree  in  Arb.  Brit.,  Itt  edit.,  vol  viL  ;  and  our  J^.  1397. 

Spec.  Char.j  Sfc.  Leaves  mostly  resembling  those  of  the  U.  montana,  but 
cmite  smooth  on  the  upper  side ;  unequal  at  the  base,  doubly  serrated. 
Flowers  on  drooping  stalks.  Stamens  in  a  flower  6 — 8.  Samara  elliptic, 
deeply  cloven,  strongly  fringed  with  coarse  dense  hairs.  (Smith.)  A 
deciduous  tree  with  ascending  shoots,  which  spread  at  the  extremities. 
Europe,  chiefly  in  the  South  of  France,  and  in  the  Caucasus.  Height  50  ft. 
to  60  ft.     Introd.  ?  1800.    Flowers  and  samara  as  in  the  preceding  kinds. 

This  species  is  very  distinct,  even  when  the  tree  is  bare  of  leaves,  ns  will 
be  seen  by  comparing  the  winter  tree  of  it  in  Arb.  Brit,,  let  edit.,  vol.  vii. 


720 


ARBORETUM   £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


U97.   V. 


with  that  of  U,  montkna  m^jor  depicted  at 
the  same  season.  In  spring  and  summer,  it 
is  equally  marked  by  the  long  drooping  pe- 
duncles of  its  flowers,  and  its  hairy  samaras. 
Its  leaves  are  large,  and  of  a  beautiful  light 
shining  green  tinged  with  red,  and  with  red 
yeins.  The  buds  are  long,  sharply  pointed, 
and  greenish  ;  while  in  the  U,  cainpestris  thev 
are  short,  obtuse,  and  covered  with  greyish 
hairs.  Asa  tree  of  ornament,  it  is  well  worth 
cultivating  for  the  beauty  of  its  leaves,  for  the 
distinct  character  of  its  spray  in  winter,  and, 
indeed,  for  its  general  appearance  at  all  sea- 
sons. Propagated  by  grafting  on  Z7.  montana. 
The  largest  tree  of  this  species  in  England  is 
at  White  Knights,  in  front  of-the  mansion. 

t  5.  U.  monta'na  Bank.    The  Mountain,  Scotch,  or  Wych,  Elm. 

Identification.    Bauh.  Pin.,  4S7. ;  Sin.  Engl.  Bot.,  1. 1837. 

Synonymei.    IT.  ffltora  Huda.  ed.  I.  95. :  17.  effasa  Sibth.  87.;  U.  scibra  MQL  Diet,  Ko  S.,  V. 

adda  EhrKi  U.  campfstre  Willd.  Sp.  PL  p.  1334. ;  U.  campestria  latlfMla  Hort.  Par. ;  Wpdi 

Hazel  of  old  authors. 
Engrcningt.    EngL  Bot.,  1. 1887. ;  Fl.  Dan.,  t.  6S2. ;  the  plates  of  some  of  the  Tarieties  In  Arb. 

Brit.,  lit  edit.,  vol.  viL  }  and  our  ^.  1399. 

Spec.  Char.f  8fc,  Leaves  pointed,  rough,  broad,  and  doubly  serrated.  Flowers 
on  longish  peduncles  loosely  tufted,  5 — 6-cleft;.  Samara  somewhat  ortn- 
cular,  slightly  cloven,  naked.  Branches  drooping  at  their  extrecoities; 
their  bark  smooth  and  even.  (Smith.)  A  spreading  deciduous  tree,  with 
smooth  bark.  Britain,  and  various  parts  of  Europe.  Height  50  ft  to 
60  ft.  .  Flowers  reddish  ;  April  and  May.     Samara  brown  ;  ripe  in  June. 

Varieties,  The  varieties  of  the  Scotch  elm  are  extremely  distinct,  and  verj 
handsome  trees,  some  well  worth  cultivating  in  a  useful,  and  others  in  an 
ornamental,  point  of  view. 

A.  Timber  Tree$. 

S  U.  m.  1  vulgaris,  —  Tree  spreading  ;  seldom  exceeding  40  or  50  feet 
in  height,  except  when  drawn  up  by  other  trees. 

1^  U.  m.  2  rugosa  Masters.  U.  rugosa  Lodd,  Cat.  ed.  1836. —  Bark  reddish 
brown,  cracking  into  short  regular  pieces,  very  like  that  of  iTcer 
camp&tre.    Tree  of  spreading  growth,  and  moderate  size. 

S  U.  jw.  3  major  Masters.  (Plate  in  Arb,  Brit.  1st  edit.  vol.  vii.)— The 
tree  is  of  upright  and  rapid  growth,  with  few  branches ;  and,  in 
some  stages,  approaching  the  habit  of  the  common  Scotch  elm,  but 
of  a  more  tapering  form.  The  leaves  fell  almost  a  month  sooner 
than  those  of  the  following  sort. 

*t  U.  m.  4  minor  Masters.  —  Compared  with  U.  m.  m^'or,  is  of  a  more 
branching  and  spreading  habit,  of  lower  growth,  with  more  twiggy^ 
shoots ;  and  these  are  more  densely  clothed  with  leaves,  which  are 
retained  long  in  the  autumn. 

1^  U.  w.  5  cebennensis  Hort.  The  Cevennes  Elm.— Habit  spreading,  like 
that  of  U.  m.  vulgaris ;  but  it  appears  of  much  less  vigorous  growth. 
Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

It  U.  7n.  6  nigra.  U,  nigra  Lodd.  Cat. ;  the  black  Irish  Elm. — A  spreading 
tree,  with  the  habit  of  U.  montana  vulgaris,  but  with  much  smaller 
leaves.  It  is  by  some  considered  as  a  variety  of  C7,  campestris  ;  but, 
as  it  ripens  seeds  in  Ireland,  we  are  inclined  to  think  it  belongs  to 
what  may  be  called  the  seed-bearing  section  of  the  genus,  and,  con- 
sequently, to  U.  montana. 

Y  U.  m.  7  austrdUs  Hort.  —  Leaves  rather  smaller,  and  habit  of  growth 
more  pendulous  than  the  species. 


LXVI.    ULVa'cZS:    Fj'LMlifi. 


.  Ornmmental  or  euriout  Vanefiei, 


1  U.  n.  8  pendtda.  U.  pfndula  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1886  f  V.  gUbra  dec^ 
bena  Horl.  Dut.  ;  U.  hoiuont^lis  Hort. ;  V.  ritbra  id  the  Horticul- 
tural Society's  Garden,  in  1835.     (Plate  of  this  tree  in  Arb.  Brit., 


V 


1st  edit.,fol.Tii. ;  and  our^.  1398.)— This  is  a  beautifiil  and  highly 

cfaaracteiiatic   tree,  generally  growing   to   one   side,   spreading  its 

branches  in  a  fan-lilte  manner,  and  stretching  them  out  Eomettmes 

horizontally,  and  at  other  times  almost  perpendicularly  dowmrards, 

■o  that  the  head  of  the  tree  exhibits  great  variety  of  shape. 

T  V.  tn.  9fuliffaia  Hort.   U.  gUlbra  repUcita  Hort.  Dvr. ;    U.  F6rdB 

Hort.  1   U,  eioni6uis  Hort. ;  the  Exeter  Elm,  Ford's  Elm.  (Plate 

in  Arb.  Brit.,  lal  edit.,  vol.  vii.)  —  A  verj  remarkable  variety,  with 

peculiarly  twisted  leaves,  and  a  very  fastigiate  habit  of  growth.    The 

leaves,  which  are  very  hanh,  feathv^ierved,  and  retain  ihtaz  deep 

green  till 'they  fall  off,  enfaki  one  side  of  the  shoota. 

1  U.  m.  10   criipa.  7  U.  crispa  WUld.;  the  curled-leaved  Elm.  — Of  a 

slender  and  stunted  habit  of  growth.  Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

Other  Varietia.     Several  might  be  taken  from  catalcttues,  both  timber 

trees  end  curious  plants;  but  the  former,  such  as  U.  montana  v^geCa  Lindt,, 

we  think  may  be  best  classed  under  U.  m,  altkbra,  end  the  latter  are  of  so 

little  merit,  that  we  hardly  think  them  wortn  recording  in  this  work.     A 

variety  or  variation  was  discovered  in  a  wood  near  Verrieres,  in  which  the 

sofl  wood,  or  cambium,  of  the  current  year's  shixxs  s^jpears  of  ii  deep  red 

when  the  bark  is  removed.     It  relsias  Uiis  peculiarity  when  propagated  by 

extension  ;  and  there  are  plants  of  it  in  the  Jardin  des  Plantes  at  Paris. 

A  ninilar  variation  occurs  in  jlforus  iE&lica.  (Bee  p.  708.) 

"Hte  Scotch  elm  has  not  so  upright  a  trunk  as  the  English  elm  ;aitd  it  soon 

divifles  into  long,  widely  spreaiiing.  somewhat  drooping  branches,  forming  a 

large  sprradiiw  tree.     In  Scotland,  where  the  tree  abounds,  both  naturdly 

and  in  artifici^plantatiuns,  the  wood  weighs  less  than  that  of  the  English  elm, 

and  u  more  coarse-grained.     Nevertheleis,  Sang  observes,  it  is  always  prized 

next  to  the  wood  5  the  oak.    It  is  used,  he  adds,  by  the  ship-bmlder,  the 


722 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


1399.  U, 


boat-builder,  the  block  and  pump  maker,  the  caitwright,  the  cabinet-maker 
and  the  coach-maker.  The  timber,  Matthews  observes,  has  much  sap-wood, 
and  great  longitudinal  toughness  ;  but,  from  the  great  quantity  of  sap-wood, 
and  want  of  lateral  adhesion,  it  splits  considerably  when  dry.  The  tree  has 
a  peculiar  fan-like  spread  of  the  branches,  often  tending  to  one  side,  and 
most  perceptible  in  young  trees.  Hence,  when  grown  up,  there  is  ge- 
nerally a  slight  bending  in  the  stem, 
which  renders  it  very  fitting  for  floor- 
timbers  of  vessels;  the  only  part  of  a 
ship,  except  the  bottom  plank,  to  which 
it  IS  applicable,  as  it  soon  decays  above 
water.  Its  great  toughness  and  stren^h, 
however,  render  it  fit  for  floors.  The  soil  in 
which  this  elm  most  luxuriates  is  a  deep 
rich  loam ;  but  that  in  which  it  becomes 
most  valuable,  is  a  sandy  loam  lying  on 
rubble  stone,  or  on  dry  rock.  In  wet  tilly 
clays,  it  soon  sickens.  It  does  not  produce 
suckers  like  the  English  elm ;  but,  accord- 
mg  to  Boutcher,  it  roots  more  readily  fi'om 
layers  than  that  species.  The  most  ready 
mode  of  propagatingit,  however,  is  by  seeds, 
which  are  produced  in  great  abundance,  and 
are  ripe  about  the  middle  of  June.  They 
ought  to  be  gathered  with  the  hand  before 
they  drop,  as,  from  their  lightness  and  winged  appendages,  they  are  very  apt 
to  be  blown  away  by  the  wind.  The  seeds  may  either,  be  sown  as  soon  as 
gathered,  in  which  case,  many  plants  will  come  up  the  same  season ;  or  thqr 
may  be  thinly  spread  out  to  dry  in  the  shade,  and  afterwards  put  up  into  lugs 
or  boxes,  and  kept  in  a  dry  place  till  the  following  March  or  April 

£  6.  U,  (m.)  gla'bra  Mill.    The  Bmooth-Jeaved,  or  Wych^  Elm. 

IdentiJieaUon.    Hill.  Diet,  ed.  8.,  Ko.  4. ;  Sm.  Engl.  Fl.,  8.  p.  83. 

SynoMpnei.    U.  monUna  fi  Fl.  Br.  888. ;  U.  fdllo  giaOMro  Ger.  £mac.  1481.  f. ;  U.  c$mpUlA  **• 

8.  Jritk.  279. J  the  feathered  Elm. 
Engravings.    £ngl.  Bot.,  t.  8818. ;  and  oar  Jig.  1400. 

Spec,  Char.y  ^c  Leaves  ellipti&oblong,  doubly 
serrated,  smooth.  Flowers  nearly  sessile,  5-cleft. 
Samara  obovate,  naked,  deeply  cloven.  (Smith.) 
Branches  spreading,  rather  drooping,  smooth, 
blackish,  scarcely  downy  in  their  earliest  stage  of 
growth.  Leaves  smaller  than  any  of  the  preced- 
ing (except  U.  camp^tris),  as  well  as  more 
oblong;  strongly  serrated,  very  unequal  at  the 
base,  not  elongated  at  the  extremity  ;  their  sub- 
stance firm,  or  rather  rigid ;  the  surface  of  both 
sides  very  smooth  to  the  touch,  and  without  any 
hairs  beneath,  except  the  axillary  pubescence  of 
the  ribs,  which  often  forms  a  narrow  downy  line 
along  the  midrib.  Flowers  nearly  sessile,  with  5 
short,  bluntisfa,  fringed  begments,  and  as  many 
longish  stamens,  the  anthers  of  which  are  round- 
ish heart-shaped.  Samara  smaller  than  most  other 
species,  obovate,  cloven  down  to  the  seed,  smooth, 
often  reddish.  A  tall,  elegant,  deciduous  tree. 
Britain,  chieflv  in  England,  in  woods  and  hedges ; 
and  forming  the  most  common  elm  in  some  parts  of  Essex.  Height  60ft 
to  80  ft.    Flowers  and  samara  as  in  the  preceding  sort. 

It  bears  seeds  in  nearly  as  great  abundance  as  {/.  montkia,  and  it  does  noC 


1400.  ir.(a.)^Un. 


LXVI.    ITLMA^CEiE:    U  LMVS.  723 

throw  up  suckers  ;  which  convinces  us  that  it  is  only  a  variety  of  that  species. 
The  propagation,  culture,  &c^  of  U,  glabra  and  its  varieties  are  the  same  as  in 
the  preceding  sort ;  but,  to  preserve  the  latter  distinct,  they  ought  to  bS  grafted. 

Varieties.  In  Consequence  of  U.  glabra  ripening  seeds  in  different  parts  of 
England,  many  varieties  have  been  raised  from  it,  most  of  which  are  distin- 
guished by  great  rapidity  of  growth.  It  is  difficult  to  determine,  in  every 
case,  whether  the  varieties  of  U,  (m.)  glabra  are  not  nearer  to  U.  mont&na, 
than  to  that  sub-species  ;  and,  in  some  instances,  they  appear  to  partake  of 
the  character  of  U,  campestris  and  U.  (c.)  suberdsa.  T.  A.  Knight,  Esq., 
informs  us  that  from  seeds  of  one  variety  of  U.  (m.)  gliibra,  viz.  the  Down- 
ton  elm,  which  were  ripened  in  the  cold  climate  of  that  part  of  Shropshire, 
he  "  raised  plants  which  are  so  perfectly  similar  to  the  U,  suberosa,  and 
which  approximate  so  nearly  to  the  character  of  the  U,  glabra,  that "  he 
does  "not  doubt  but  that  the  U.  campestris,  (7. suberosa,  C7. glabra,  and 
three  or  four  other  varieties  which"  he  has  "  seen  in  different  parts  of 
England,  are  all  varieties  only  of  the  same  species.'* 

A*  Timber  Trees, 

^  U.  (m.^  g.  1  vulgaris.    The  common  smooth-leaved  Elm. 

2  U.  (m.)  g.  2  vegeta,  U.  montana  v^geta  in  the  Horticultural  Society's 
(harden;  C7'.  americana  Masters;  the  Huntingdon  Elm,  the  Chi- 
chester Elm,  the  American  Elm  in  some  places,  and  perhaps  the 
Scampston  Elm.  —  This  is  by  far  the  most  vigorous-growing  kind  of 
elm  propagated  in  British  nurseries,  often  making  shoots  from  6  ft.  to 
10ft.  in  length  in  one  season  ;  and  the  tree  attaining  the  height  of 
upwards  of  30  ft.  in  ten  years  from  the  sraft.  Rabed  at  Huntingdon 
about  1746,  from  seed  collected  in  Uiat  neighbourhood,  by  Mr. 
Wood,  nurseryman  there. 

^  U.  (m.)  g.  3  var.  The  Scampston  Elm.  — Variety  of  U,  glabra,  and 
very  little  different  from  the  preceding  kind. 

2  U.  (}R.)  g.  4  major,  U.  glabra  major  Hort,  Dur, ;  the  Canterbury  Seed- 
ling. —  Of  more  vigorous  growth  than  the  species,  and,  indeed,  a  rival 
to  the  Huntingdon  elm  in  quickness  of  fi;rowth.  Judging  from  the 
specimens  of  this  variety  sent  to  us  by  mi.  Masters,  we  should  say 
that  it  belongs  fully  as  much  to  U,  montana  as  to  U,  (iii.)  glabra. 

7  U.  (iij.)  g,  5  glandtdosa  Lindl. — Leaves  very  glandular  beneath. 

7  U.  (m.)  g.  6  iaiifdiia  Lindl.  —  Leaves  oblong,  acute,  very  broad. 

S  U.  (m.)  g.  7  microph^Ua  Hort,  U,  g.  parvifolia.. —  Leaves  small. 
Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

B.  Ornamental  or  curious  Trees, 

¥  U.  (m.)  g.  Spenduia,  U,  campestris  pendula  Hort,  Dur.;  the  Down- 
ton  Elm.  —  liaised  in  Smith's  Nursery,  at  Worcester,  in  1810, 
from  seeds  obtained  from  a  tree  in  Nottinghamshire.  Mr.  Knight 
of  Downton  Castle  purchased  some  of  these  trees  ;  and  one  them 
turned  out  to  be  that  weeping  variety  which  has  since  obtained  the 
name  of  the  Downton  elm. 

S  U.  (ni.)  g.  9  varicgdta  Hort. — Leaves  variegated.  Hort.  Soc.  Garden. 

S  U.  (m.)  g.  10  ramtUosa  Booth. — Branches  more  twiggy  than  the  species. 

¥  7.  U.  A^LBA  Kit.    The  wYd^sh-ieaved  Elm. 

Jdemt^leaUtm.    KiUitb..  quoted  tn  Rcem.  et  Sehult.  Sjst.  Veg.,  a  p.  800.;  Willd.  Daumz.,  p.  518. 
Mngraming,    Our  Jig.  0000.  in  p.  0000. 

Spec,  Char,,  Src  Bark  grey  brown;  smooth,  not  chinky.  Leaves  with 
downy  petioles ;  and  disks  oblong,  acuminate,  2^  in.  long,  unequal  at  the 
base,  doubly  and  very  argutely  serrate ;  above,  deep  green  ;  beneath,  downy, 
and  becoming  obviously  whitish.  (^WiUdJ)  A  large  deciduous  tree.  Hun- 
gary; said  to  have  been  introduced  in  1834,  but  we  are  not  aware  that  the 
plant  is  in  British  gardens. 

3a  2 


724 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


It  8.  U.  AMRRiCA^NA  L.    The  American  Elm. 

IdentifieaUon.    Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  337. ;  Pursh  Sept,  1.  p.  199. 

Synonfpnes.    The  white  Elm,  Amer. ;  the  Caiudiaa  Elm,  the  American  white  Elm. 

Engrapt'ngt.    Michx.  North  Amer.  Sylva,  3. 1. 126. ;  and  oar  Jig.  1401. 

Spec.  Char,,  S^c,  Leaf  with  the  petiole  1  in.  tol|  in.  long,  and 
hairy  with  short  hairs ;  and  the  disk  unequal  at  the  base, 
4  in.  to  5  in.  long,  inclusive  of  a  long  acuminate  point,  2  in. 
to  2}  in.  broad,  serrate,  and  mostly  doubly  so  ;  the  axils 
of  the  veins  underneath  joined  by  a  membrane.  Flowers 
peduncled,  effuse,  purple ;  peduncles  short,  glabrous. 
Stamens  5  and  8.  Samara  fringed  at  the  ed^e  with 
hairs,  ovate,  acute.  This  species  is  readily  distinguish- 
able from  others  by  the  membrane  which  appears  at  the 
axils  of  the  veuis.  {WUid,)  Young  branches  brown, 
with  short  very  fine  hairs.  Leaves  deeply  green  above, 
almost  glossy,  rough;  beneath,  pale,  downy.  Flowers 
like  those  of  U,  enusa.  A  large  tree.  New  England  to 
Carolina.  Height  80  ft.  to  100  ft.  Introduced  in  1752; 
but  rarely  flowering,  and  never  ripening  seeds  in  England. 

Varietiei. 

¥  U.  a.  \  rubra  Ait.  tlort.  Kew.  i.  p.  319.— Branches  red.  Leaves 
ovate,  rugose,  rough. 

"i  V.a,  2  alba  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  i.  p.  319.,  Marsh,  p.  2dO.  ?  U.  molli- 
fblia  (Rcnn.  et  SchvU,)  —  Branches  whitish.    Leaves  oblong,  roug^. 

t  JJ,a,  3  pSndtda  Pursh  Sept.  i.  p.  200.,  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  i.  p.  319. 
—  Branches  pendulous. 

f  V.  a.  4f  tncita  Hort.  ^ Plate  in  Arb.  Brit,,  1st  edit,  vol.  vii.)  —  This 
variety  differs  from  tlie  other  varieties,  in  having  the  leaves  some- 
what more  deeply  serrated,  and  rather  smaller,  approaching  nesrer 
to  those  of  U,  effusa.    Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

¥  U.  a,  5fiHis  variffgdHt  Hort. — Leaves  variegated.  Hort.  Soc  Garden. 

The  white  elm  delights  in  low  humid  situations.  The  wood  is  used  for  the 
same  purposes  as  that  of  the  European  elm,  but  it  is  decidedly  inferior  io 
strength  and  hardness ;  it  has  also  less  compactness,  and  splits  more  readily. 
Propagated  by  grafting  on  U,  montana,  but  not  common  in  collections. 


1401. 


%  9.   U,  (a.)  fu'lva  Michx,    The  tamny^budded,  or  slippery.  Elm. 

JtUniifieation,    Hichx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  1.  p.  172. ;  Purth  Sept.,  1 .  p.  900. 

Synonunus.    U.  rObra  Michx.  Arb.  3.  p.  278. ;  Orma  grat,  Fnnck  <ff  Camada  and  Vjiper  Xnnt'ttniT  ; 

red  Elm,  red-wooded  Elm,  Meow  EHm. 
Engravings,    Michx.  North  Amer.  SyWa,  8. 1. 128. ;  and  oar  J^.  1402. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Resembles  the  Dutch  elm.  Branches  rough,  whitish. 
Leaves  ovate-oblong,  acuminate,  nearly  equal  at  the  base,  more  or  less 
cordate  there;  serrate  with  unequal  teeth,  rugose,  wtry  rough,  hairy  od 
both  surfaces  :  they  are  larger,  thicker,  and 
rougher  than  those  of  27.  amencana.  Leaf  buds 
tomentose,  with  a  tawny  dense  tomentum :  they 
are  larger  and  rounder  than  those  of  U,  amen- 
cana. Scales  of  the  buds  that  include  the  flowers 
downy.  Peduncles  of  flowers  short.  Samara 
not  /ringed,  very  like  that  of  U,  campestris; 
orbicular,  or  obovate.  (^Michx,)  Leaves  variable 
in  shape  and  serratures,  but  more  downy  than 
the  other  North  American  elms.  Stamens  5—7. 
Stigmas  purplish.  Samara,  when  young,  downy 
on  both  sides.  A  tree  bearing  a  strong  resem- 
blance to  the  Dutch  elm.  Canada  to  Carolina. 
Height  50  ft.  to  60  ft.  Introduced  ?  1815. 
Flowers  and  samara  as  in  preceding  species.  1401.  u.  Mtuin. 


Lxn.  tn.MA^CEJB:  pla'neiu. 


S5 


Distinguished  from  the  white  American  elm  by  its  buds,  which  are  largei 
and  rounder ;  and  which,  a  fortnight  before  their  developement,  are  covered 
with  a  russet  down.  It  is  less  abundant  than  the  white  American  elm  ;  and 
the  two  species  are  rarely  found  together,  as  the  red  elm  requires  a  substantial 
soil,  free  from  moisture,  and  even  delights  in  elevated  and  open  situations. 
The  heart-wood  is  coarser-brained  and  less  compact  than  that  of  U,  ameri- 
c^na,  and  is  of  a  dull  red  tinge ;  whence  the  name  of  red  elm.  There  are 
small  plants  bearing  the  name  of  U.  ftilva,  in  Loddiees's  arboretum ;  but  they 
are  scarcely,  if  at  all,  distinguishable  from  U,  americana. 

I  10.   U,  ALA^A  Michx,    The  Wahoo,  or  CorAr-winged,  Elm. 

IdemlifietttUm.    Htehx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer., 
Svnpmpmn,     TJ.  pj^mlla  l^'tUt.  Fl.  Carol, 
Smgrapirngt,    Mkbx.  North  Amer.  Sylra,  Z.  t.  1S7. 


Bor^Amer.,  1.  p.  173. ;  Parah  Sept.,  1.  p.  2U0l 

III  i  Vfnhoo,  Indians  of  North  America. 


ngramngM,    jni€OX.  x«onn  Amer.  syira,  9.  u  1x7..;  and  our  Jig.  1403. 

Spec,  Char,,  jr.  Leaves  like  those  of  C^upinus  ^etulus  L,  Branches 
bearing  two  longitudinal  corky  wings.  Leaves  with  short  petioles,  and 
disks  that  are  oblong-oval,  narrowed  to  an  acute  point,  almost  equal  at  the 
base,  toothed.  Samara  downy,  bearing  a  dense  fringe  of  hairs  at  the  edge. 
{ Michx,)  A  middle-sized  deciduous  tree.  Virginia,  Carolina,  and  Georgia. 
Height  30  ft.  to  40  ft.  Introduced  in  1820.  Flowers  and  samara  as  in  the 
pre^ding  species. 

The  most  remarkable  part  of  this  species  is,  a  fungous 
appendage,  two  or  three  hues  wide,  attached  to  the  branches 
throughout  their  whole  length;  from  which  the  name  of 
alikta  (winged)  has  been  g^yen.  The  wood  is  fine-gained, 
more  compact,  heavier,  and  stronger  than  that  of  if,  ameri- 
ckoB.  The  heart-wood  is  of  a  dull  chocolate  colour,  and 
always  bears  a  great  proportion  to  the  sap-wood.  There 
are  small  plants  in  Messrs.  Loddiges's  collection,  which, 
from  the  leaves,  might  be  taken  for  those  of  U,  (c.)  su- 
berdsa ;  and  the  engraving  in  Michaux.  from  which  Jig, 
1403.  is  reduced  to  our  usual  scale,  closely  resembles  the 
voung  shoots  and  leaves  of  that  tree  of  U,  (c.)  suberosa 
m  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  of  which  a  plate  is 
given  in  Arb,  BrU,y  1st  edit.,  vol.  vii. 


1403.   U.alkta. 


Genus  IL 


M. 


PL A^NERil  Gmel.     The  Planera.     Lin.  Syst.  Polygamia  Monoe'da ;  or 


Tetr-Pent-4ndria  Digynia. 

Ident(flcaiidn.    Gmel.  Svtt.  Nat.,  2.  pi  ?  160. ;  MIchx.  North  Amer.  S7ITB,  3.  p.  100. 
Synom^mef.    Shkmniu  Fall,  GlUdentt. ;  C/'lmus,  Tarious  authors,  at  to  the  Fl£nera  Rlchird/. 
DeriToHon,    Named  In  honour  of  Flaner,  professor  of  botany  at  Eribrth,  who  published.  In  1788, 
a  work  entltlad  IndcM  Flaniarum  Agrl  Er/ordientiM,  in  one  Tolume  8vo. 

Gen.  Char,  Flowers  polygamous  or  monoecious.  —  Female  and  bitexual 
floweru  Calyx  bell-shaped,  distinct  from  the  ovary,  membranous,  green, 
of  one  piece,  but  having  5-ciliate  lobes.  Stamens  in  the  bisexual  nower 
4 — ^5,  less  developed  than  those  in  the  male  flower.  Ovary  top-shaped, 
villous.  Stigmas  2,  sessile.  Fnat  roundish,  pointed,  dry. —  Male  flower. 
Calyx  as  in  the  female  and  bisexual  flowers.    Stamens  4—5.  (G,  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate  or  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  toothed, 
featfaer-nervod.  Flowers  small,  greenish.  Frvii  small,  whitish  when  ripe.  De- 
caying leaves  yellowish  green. — Trees,  deciduous,  natives  of  Asia  and  North 
America,  with  the  aspect  of  the  hornbeam,  and  readily  uniting  by  grafting 
with  that  tree  or  the  elm.  Bark  scaling  ofi*like  that  of  the  Hatanus.  Pro- 
pagated by  grafting  on  the  elm,  or  by  layers  in  any  common  soiL 

3  A  3 


AllDOUETUM    ET    FltU-JlCETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


i  1.  P.  Richa'bd/  Michx. 

Ilftalinn.    MIehx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer,  3.  p 


lUchard's  Planera,  or  Zdkoua  Tree. 
MS. :  Bleb.  Fl.  Tuur.  Ciuc.  Suppl.,  I.  p.  III. 


F.  cnnlu  Detf. ;  /tMinniu  cwplulf 


M 


'  Hprl.  Par. ;  U. 


'ar.  i  U.  BtniaWi  Wiiu.  B-um.  -.  V.  cunpfitrli  W 
Ml.  Parirvw  i  U.  nsmoillU  4h.  H«rl.  Acv.  id. 


.  «D.i  Dead.  Brtt^  L 


^Mrarfu.    Pill.  Fl.  Rou,.  1, 
cSll.,  ia.  tU.  i  iiHl  ourjlt.  U 

Spec.  Char.,  <^'c.      Flowers  lolitary  in  the  axits  of  leaves  ;  and  both  flowoi 

and  leaves  borne  on  a  shoot  that  is  developed  in  the  same  year  witb  ihem- 

Belves.      Petiole  of  leaf  not  obvious  :  disk  of  leaf  elliptical,  unequal  at  the 

base,  dentate.  {N.  Da  Ham.)     A  large  deciduous  tree.     West  of  Asia,  uid 

upon  the  shores  of  the  Caipian  Sea  i  and  to  Imiretta  and  Georgia,  oa  the 

south  of  Mount  Caucasus.     Hdght  50  ft.  to  TO  ft.     Introduced  in  1760. 

Flowers  greenish  white ;  April  and  May.     Fruit  white  i  ripe  in  Octobo'. 

The  base  of  the  trunk  does  not  swell  out,  like  that  of  moat  other  treo, 

its  thickness  b«ng  tctj  little  greater  at  the  surface  of  the  ^ound  than  it  ii  at 

the   point  of  ramification.      Like  that  of  the  hornbeam,  it  is   marked  with 

longitudinal  furrows,  like  open  gutter*.     Hk 

head  is  large,  tufted,  and  very  much  brancbed; 

but  the  branches,  though  widely  extended,  m 

more  slender,  and  more  vertical  in  their  directian, 

than   is  generally  the   case  with   forest  tnes. 

The  bark  of  the  trunk  is  not  crey  and  crackoL 

like  that  of  the  elm  or  the  o^,  but  reaemhta 

rather  that  of  the  hornbeam  or  beech.  laBritMh 

gardens,  the   rate  of  growth  of  this   tree  s 

similar  to  that  of  the  beech  or  common  bora- 

.    beam  ;   it  attwuing  the  hei^t  of  20  ft  in  10 

'   years.      The  wood,    when   cut   obliqudf,  R- 

'   sembles  that  of  the  robinia,  and  presents,  like 

it,   numerous   interlacements   of  fibres.     It  a 

}  very   heavy,   and,  when  dry,  becomes  so  H- 

tremely  hard,  that  it  Is  diSicult  to  drive  ii*il< 

I   into  it  with  a  hammer.     In  the  countries  when 

it  u  abundant,  it  is  employed   for  the  suae 

purnosea  as  oak; 

UN.    p.  lUoliwdl.  J     ■.    -      r  1 

and  It  IS  found 
to  be  even  siijierior  to  that  wood  for  furniture. 
Its  colour  is  .igreeable  j  it  is  Rncly  veined  ;  nnd 
Its  ti-'xturc  is  so  compact,  nnd  its  cmin  so  fine. 
u  to  render  it  susceptible  of  the  highest  polish. 


5  2.  P.  GmeYis/  Michx. 


Gmelin's  Planera. 

I.,t.p.M».;I>etr.llllL 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Flower*  in  heads,  opening 
before  the  leaves  are  protruded,  and  borne 
on  branches  or  branchlets,  developed  in  some 
previous  year.  Leaf  with  an  obvious  petiole, 
and  a  disk  ovate- acuminate,  equal  at  the  base, 
and  serrate.  A  deciduous  shrub  or  low 
tree.  Kentuck}-,  Tennessee,  and  the  books 
of  the  Mississippi.     Height  SO  fl.  to  30  ft 


LXVI.    r/LMA  CEiE  :    CE'LTIS. 


727 


Introduced  in    1816;  but  rare.     Flowers  small,  greenish   brown;    June. 
Fruit  brown ;  ripe  in  September. 

The  leaf  is  much  smaller  than  that  of  P.  Richirdi,  and  resembles  that  of 
U^muB  camp^tris,  except  in  being  serrated  with  equal  teeth ;  it  is  of  a  lively 
green  on  the  upper  surface,  and  grey  on  the  under  one.  Only  very  small  plants 
are  in  British  gardens. 

Genus  III. 


SB 


CE'LTIS  Toum.    The  Celtis,  or  Nettle  Tree.     Lin.  Si/st.  Polygkmia 

Monce^cia,  or  Pentandria  Dig^nia. 


and  the  appellation  of  Nettle  Tree  relates  to  the  ifanllarltjr  of  the  leares  to  those  of  some  kind  of 
nettle  (i;rtlca). 

Gen,  Char.  ^Towers  bisexual,  monoecious.  Calyx  bell-shaped,  distinct  firom 
the  ovary,  5 — 6-parted,  the  segments  imbricate  in  aestivation.  Siament 
5—6,  inserted  into  the  base  of  the  calyx.  Filament*  incurved.  Anthers 
cordate,  acuminate.  Stigmat  2,  sessile.  Fruit  a  drupe,  subglobose.  (G.  Don,) 
Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  serrate,  unequal  at  the 
base,  in  two  ranks,  and  rough  on  the  upper  surface ;  with  the  primary 
veins  forming  an  acute  angle  with  the  midrib,  and  extending  through  a 
considerable  portion  of  the  disk  of  the  leaf.  Flowers  small,  greenish. 
Puip  of  the  fruit  edible.  —  Trees,  deciduous ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia, 
and  North  America. 

Var}'ing  in  size  and  foliage,  but  all  bearing  fruit,  which  is  edible,  and, 
though  small,  is  remarkably  sweet,  and  said  to  be  very  wholesome.  Some  of 
the  species,  according  to  Descemet,  are  very  ornamental ;  particularly  C 
crassitbtia,  the  branches  of  which  assume  the  character  of  a  fan  ;  and  C 
occidentalis,  the  branches  of  which  droop  like  a  parasol.  The  wood  of  C, 
australis  is  valuable  ;  but  that  of  most  of  the  other  species  is  too  weak  to  be 
of  any  use  in  the  arts.  Th^  leaves  of  all 
the  species,  like  those  of  all  the  species  of 
ZHospyros,  drop  off  almost  simultaneously, 
and  tnus  occasion  very  little  trouble  to 
the  gardener  in  sweeping  them  up.  Pro- 
pagated by  layers  or  seeds. 

"i.   \.  C.  austra'lis  L,    Tlie  southern 
Celtis,  or  European  Nettle  Tree. 

Ident(fieati<m.    Lin.  Spi  PI.,  147& ;  Daby  et  Dec.  Bot* 

Gall..  1*P*  421. 
Syntm^fites.     I.6tas  Arbor  Lob.  Ic.  2.  p.  186. ;  Xdtus 

slTe  Celtis  Cam.  Epit.  lU. }  Lote  tree ;   Micocoulier 

aaatral,  Micocoulier  de  Frorence,  Fabrecoaller,  Fa- 

breguler  des  ProTen^aux  (see  iV.  Dw  Ham.) ;  Ard- 

dlavolo,  lUU. 
Erufrarings.    Da  Ham.  Arb.,  8.  t.  8. ;  Dend.  Brit ,  t 

IQ&.  ;  and  oar^.  I406L 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate-lanceolate, 
oblong-lajDceolate,  or  acuminate,  argutely 
serrated,  unequal  at  the  base,  rough  on 
the  upper  surface ;  soft,  from  down,  on 
the  under  one.  Flowers  solitary.  (  WUld,) 
A  deciduous  tree.  South  of  Europe, 
North  of  Africa,  and  Asia.  Hdght  30ft. 
to  40  ft.  Introd.  1796.  Flowers  greenish ; 
Mav     Fruit  black    ripe  in  October. 

3a  4 


H06.   CnrtryiB 


728  AUBORCTUM    ET   mUTICETUM   BRlTANNtCUU. 

Variety.     Brotero,  in  his  Flora  Z-tiMtianim,  mentionB  a.  variety  with  rariegtud 

leaves,  that  was  found  wild  in  Portugal. 

The  tr»  crows  rapidly,  more  especially  when  once  establiahed,  and  tfler- 
warda  civt  down  ;  sometimes  producing  shoots,  in  the  dinute  of  Londoo, 
0  or  S  feet  in  length.  It  bears  pruning  remei-kably  well,  at  every  tge.  bt 
leaves  are  very  seldom  touched  by  inaecCa,  either  on  the  Continent  or  in 
England  ;  and  the  616ssus  Ugniperda  and  Sc61ytus  destructor,  which  ire  eo 
iitjurious  to  the  timber  of  many  other  trees,  never  touch  either  that  of  Cei6^. 
that  of  Plftnera  Kch&rdi,  or  that  of  P^rus  Sirbus. 

t  2.  C.  (*.)  cauca'sica  Waid.     The  Caucasian  Cellis,  or  A'elUe  Tra. 
Nnlf/kaltini.     Willd.  Sp.  PI..4.  p.SM.;   Point  bi  Encrd.  auppl.,! 
Engrati»g,     Our  ^.  llSl.  ttan  ■  ipedioen  In  Eli  W.  J.  Ho^m-'i  I 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.      Leaves  oblong,  acuminate,  serrate  n 
large  teeth,  a  little  narrowed  at  the  base  and  almost  equal 
there ;  above,  deep  green ;  beneath,  pale  yellowish  i  and 
the  veins,  when  seen  under  alens.alittleh^y.  {WiOd.)  1   V 

A  tree.    Caucasus.     Hdght  30  ft.  to   40  ft    Introduced  [  Jk 

in  ?  1  BOO.  Flowers  greenish;  June,  Fruitglobose.reddish.  ^^e—-^    ( 
This  is  very  closely  akin  to  C.   australts;   but  it  diSers  ^^^^k 
in  its  leaves  bdng  more   ovate,  having  the  acuminate  part      ^^^^^' 
shorter,  and  being  glabrous.  n^    ciucmata. 

5  •  3.  C.  Tournefo'bt/j  Lara.    Toumefbrfs  Celtis,  or  y^uie  Tm. 

litnU/kiula:    Lim.  lfni7c:l.,4.p.lSl.;  Willd.  Sp.  PUl  p.SM.jN.  Dn  tbB,.l.p.n. 
oiioiillli'  Uik  DUX.  No.  3.,  but.  icaai\ag  u  Ui«  Hotamhti  HtmuKratU^.  >U(>  ■ 


"^.-Tsir 


LXTI.    tTLMA'CES:   ce'ltis.  729 

^»re.  dor.,  ^.  Leaves  when  adnll,  ovate,  acute,  unequal  at  the  base,  crenately 

senate,  roughiah  on  the  upper  Bur&ce  ;  when  young,  Bubcordate  at  ihe  hase. 

Fruit  jellow,  becoming  brown.      A  low  tree,  or  large  shrub,      Armenia. 

Hei^t  10  ft.  to  18  ft.  Introd.  in  1739.  Leaves  bluntish,  rough  on  both  sur- 

fcces,  glossy.    Flowering  and  fruiting  at  the  Bame  time  as  C.  australis. 

This  species  is  readily  known  frofn  all  others,  in  winter,  by  its  forming  a 

::ompBct  upright-branched  busb,  or  low  tree ;  and,  in  summer,  by  the  deep 

green  and  dense  mass  of  its  rigid-looking  foliage.      It  is  rather  more  lender 

than  C,  austrilfs  and  C,  occidentUis.   When  propagated  by  seeds,  ihey  shoutd 

be  gown  in  autumn,  as  soon  as  they  are  ripe ;  as,  if  not  sown  til!  spring,  they 

generally  remain  a  year  or  more  ui  the  ground.   They  prefer  a  moist  soil,  end 

a  sheltmd  utualion. 

I  •  4.  C.  (T.)  s 

Un^Uatlam.     P«  ajn.,  I.  p.  sn.;   Bom.  e(  Schull.  Syii,  Vcg.,  6. 
fivrwAy.     Ourj^.  I4D9.  fmn  ■  ipKlsun  In  Sir  W.  J.  Booker't  ber- 
ime.  Char.,  ^c.      Leaves   broad-ovate,   obtuse,   crenate, 
largish,  glabrous;  rdns  prominent.  (Pert^    Alow  de- 
ciduous tree.   China.   Height  12ft.  to  15ft. 
The  plant  of  this  kind,  in  the 
Horticultural    Society's     Garden, 
seems  to  differ  very  little,  if  at  all, 
uia.  -  |-  ]  ■  ■  ■       frtan  C,  Toumefortij. 

1  5.  C.  WiLu»B((oyM"N^  Sdiulte*.    WiUdenow's 
Celtis,  or  NtUk  Tree. 

UtiOifieiititm.    RcHD.  H  SAalL  Sjnt.  Vef„  e.  p.  K>G. 

^neymr.    C.  (tBtuU  JfHU.  Emm.  Smri-  V-  ^■,  '^l'"-  Bammi. 

Sufriiwti^.     Our  j)f .  lUO.  (ram  i  ipadnHH  In  Sir  W.  J,  Hoolut'i 


tip  ;  above,gtabn>us;beneath,rougbish,  (^SchiUlet.) 

A  deciduous  tree.    China.    Height  10  ft.  to  15  ft.    ^\ 

Introduced  ?.  kid.  , 

n  Celtis,  or  yorth  AnKrican  NelUe  Tree. 
T.  STln,l.p.4&(.  IK. 

■ '—  ""  -  C.  obUqui  Wnc* ;  NiW.  Tree, 

r|liiK>. 

Spec,  Char,,  Sfc.  Leaves  ovate-acuminate,  unequal  at  (he  base,  serrate,  rough 
on  the  upper  surface,  hairy  on  the  under  one.  Flowers  solitary.  Leaves 
serrate,  with  equal  teeth.  Flowers,  in  the  lower  part  of  the  branch,  3  in  an 
axil ;  in  the  upper  part,  1  only  in  an  axil.  Fruit  obscurely  purplish.  (Ravi, 
et  Sciuit.^  A  deciduous  tree,  very  closely  akin  to  C.  australis.  Canada  to 
Carolina,  in  woods  and  near  rivers.  Height  30  ft.  to  £Oft.  Introduced 
in  1656.   Flowers  small,  greenish;  Hay.     Fruit  purplish ;  ripe  in  October. 

X  Co.  8  cordofa  Willd.,  Willd.  Baumz.  p.  B2.— Leaves  subcordate  at 

the  base,  very  acuminate ;  above,  less  rough  ;  beneath,  more  vriny ; 

disk  Sin.  to  4  in.  long. 
t  C.0.3  Kobrihcvia  Wind.  Sp.  PI.  iv.  p.  095.    C.  austr^is  WUid.  Ar6. 

06. ;  C.to.P  tenuifolia  Pen.  Sim.  1 .  p.  S92. ;  C.  ispera  Lodd.  Cat. 

ed.  1836;  CorientiUis  Hcri. — Leaves  shorter,  more  slender,  less 


/30  ARBORETUM    ET    FBUTICETUM    DBITANNtCUM. 

Bcumioate  ;  nHwhish  above,  in  some  instances  glabrous ;  disk  of 
leaf  1 J  in.  to  2  in.  long.     Louiaiana. 
Very  hardy  and  ornamental ;  and  it  possesses  the  property  of  keeping  od 
aU  its  leaTes  very  late,  and  then,  like  the  other  species,  dropping  than  ill 


at  once,  so  that  they  may  be  swept  away  at  one  time  for  litter.  C.  ocddeo- 
t!ilis  is  readily  knoirn  from  C.  BuiitrBliB  by  its  leaves  being  larger,  and  of  i 
lighter  and  more  shining  green,  and  its  wood  heitig  of  a  lighter  colour  in  inn- 
ter.  The  leaves  also  die  off  sooner,  and  of  a  brighter  yellow,  than  those  of  ibe 
European  species.  It  is  more  hardy,  and  is  readily  propagated  by  layers  orbf 
seeds  in  any  commun  soil. 

Lam.     The  thick-leaved  Celtis,  or  Hadtberry, 

•l._«<^l-  I'-r. !  C.  co^iU  Dttfimt.  t  1.  p.  «W.  i  BlfbBTT  ■ 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  with   disks 

nate,  6  in.  long,  3  in.  to  4  in.  broad ;  heart-shaped. 

auricled  and  unequal  at  the  base;  serrated  with  n 

unequal   teeth,  rather  leathery,  rough  on  both  \ 

surfaces.      Flowers    1 — 8   upon   the    peduncle.   1 

Young   branches    downy.      Bark    red    brown,  j 

Leaves   5  in.  long,  or  more.      Petioles  slightly  { 

hairy,  3—0  lines  long.    Flowers  much  like  those   ' 

of  C.  austr&lis,  upon  slender  peduncles  ;  the  pe- 

duDclea  of  the   fruit  longer  than  the  petioles. 

Fruit  of  the  size  of  the  bird-cherry.  (Lamarck.) 

A  deciduous  tree,  nearly  allied  to  C.  occidentalis. 

Vir^ia,  E^ntucky,  and  Tennesaee,  on  the  banks 

of  nvers,  and  in  valleys  in  fertile  soil.     H^hc 

soil,   to  30ft.     Introduced  iu  1812.     Flowers 

greenish  ;  May.     Fruit  black  ;  ripe  in  October. 
*  e.  C.  ljevioaTa  WUld.     Tbe  glubrous-Zfiiivif  Celtis,  or  AVUZe  Tnt. 
Umifcaim.   WilU.  EbsB).  Soprl-.  I>-6S.j  WiUA.  Bwmi,,  p-Sl.;  Bois.  tt  Sdmll  9;«.  T«|4 


o- 


I,XVII.   JUCLANDACB^ 

invi.    Spim(»l  hoiumttHl.lntlieltHlMlohiiaiit  Cfj(„ 
glibrlUli  thn  np1th«  BlUr  for  Ihli   iprcltt  Iban  brlgitlj : 
flalirlua  ti«n[|lei  mdtred,  or  Income,  bald ;  lofitila,  nnJ'icil 
peH^Ktlj  mrra  In  lur^n. 
£«™^-    Oar  Jig.  IttS.  from  iiiwclnicii  Id  the  Muieuin  of  ilic 

^r.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  oruce-lanceolate,  &ubcor- 
date  at  the  baie,  nearly  entire ;  Rlabrous  on  tlie 
upper  surrace  ;  roughiEh  upon  the  veins  on  tlie 
under  one.  {iVUld.)  Louisiana.  A  very  doubcfu! 
Kpecies.    Not  yet  introduced. 


Spec.   Char.,  ^c.      Leaves 

ovate,  acuminate,  serrate  with  equal  teeth  ;  un- 
equal at  the  base ;  dovny  while  young,  aflerwards 
nearly    glabrou' 


n  both  lurlaces. 

Flowers  3  upon 

i  Bpeduncte.  Fruit 

"  solitary,     ovate. 

(PunA.)  A  small 

itit.  crtmiiL  Btnwglingdecidj- 

ousbusb,  Mary* 

land  and  Virginia,  on  the  banks  of  rivers. 

Hdght?.  Introd.  Inl812.  Flowers  green* 

ish ;  May.     Fruit  black ;  ripe  in  October. 

C.  orienldlii  Lin.  (R.  Mai.,  4.  t.  40. ;  and 
our^.  1415.)  is  a  native  oT  the  Himalayas ; 
introduced  in  1820,  In  foliage  it  resembles 
C.  occidentalis ;  but  we  bave  only  seen  a 
very  small  plant  of  it,  arainst  a  waU,  in  the 
Horticultural  8odet/s  Garden. 


Order  LXVIl.    JUGLANDA'CE.^. 

OxD.  Char.  Fbnerrt  unisexual. — MaltJloweTi  disposed  in  aments,  eoch  with  a 
scale-like  oblique,  or  S-  or  G-lobed,  perianth.  Stament  liypogynous,  inde- 
finite. Anlkert  innate. — Fcviale ^uieii  having  a  double  or  single  perianth, 
which  adheres  to  the  ovarium  i  the  outer  one  4-clefl,  and  tlie  inner  of 
4  separate  parts,  when  present.  Otarium  ]-celled,  ovule  erect.  Slylei 
I — 2,  or  wanting.  Drupe  flesh;-,  containing  a  1-celled,  3 — 4-valved, 
rag^ied  nul.  Embryo  with  cerebriforin  convolutions,  n:ore  or  less  4-lobed, 
covered  by  a  membranous  testa.  (G.  Don.) 

Lcavet  compound,  alternate,  exatipuhite,  deciduous ;  with  many  leaflets. 
Ftoviert  axillary,  the  males  in  catkins,  and  the  females  sessile,  or  on  short 
fltalhs.  —  Treeit,  deciduous;  natives  of  Asia  end  North  America;  propagated 
by  seeds.     The  genera  are  three,  which  are  thus  contradistinguished  :  — 

Ju'CLANs  L,  Flowers  moncecious.  Stamens  numerous.  Covering  of  the  nut 
in  1  piece. 


732  ARBORETUM   £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITAXNICUM. 

Ca^rya  Nutt.    Flowers  monoecious.   Stamens  4—^.  Coyering.of  the  nut  b 

4  pieces. 
Pteroca'rya  Kunth.    Flowers  monoecious.    Stamens  numerous,    CoTering 

of  the  nut  winged. 

Genus  I. 


JITGLANS  L.    The  Walnut  Tree.     Lin.  Sytt.  Monoe'cia  Polyindria. 

Identification.    Scbreb.  Lin.  Gen.,  No.  144&  ;  Nutt.  Gen.  N.  Amer.  PL,  2.  p.  220. 

Synonymet.    Noyer,  Fr. ;  Walnius,  Ger. ;  Noce,  ItaL 

Derivation,  .Ti^glani  i«  contracted  flrom  Jamit^  JoTe*i,  and  f  teM,  a  mast,  or  acorn ;  and  vai  vpiM 
by  the  Roman  writers  to  thii  tree,  on  account  of  the  exc«l«noe  of  Itf  fruit  at  food,  comparea  vitfa 
other  masts  or  acorns ;  the  only  species  that  was  known  to  the  Romans  baring  been  the  Jbglui 
rdgia,  or  common  walnut  tree. 

Gen,  Char,^  ^c.  Flowers  unisexual,  monoecious. — Malejhwen  in  cylindrical, 
drooping,  solitary  catkins.  Calyx  of  5 — 6  scales.  Stameru  18— 36.— /V- 
male  flowert  solitary  or  a  few  in  a  group,  terminal  upon  a  shoot  developed 
in  the  same  year.  Calyx  ovate,  including  and  adhering  to  the  ovary.  Tdsk 
4.  Slignuu  2 — 3,  fleshy.  Fruit  a  drupe.  Covering  of  the  nut  a  fleshT 
husk  of  1  piece  that  bursts  irregularly.  Nid  woody,  of  2  valves.  (O,  Don) 
Leaves  compound,  alternate,  exsUpulate,  deciduous ;  imparipinnate,  of 5— 
19  leaflets,  all  but  the  terminal  one  m  opposite  or  nearly  opposite  pairs;  all 
serrate,  and  all  spreading  in  one  plane.  Fhufert  greenish.  Decaying  lesfcs 
brown. — Trees  deciduous,  natives  of  Asia  and  North  America,  with  coane- 
grained  wood ;  and  fruit,  in  one  species  at  least,  much  esteemed  at  the  dessert, 
and  valuable  for  the  oil  which  it  contains. 

The  trees  belonging  to  this  order  bear,  with  only  two  to  three  exceptions,  so 
close  a  resemblance  to  one  another  in  their  young  state  (in  which  state  alone 
most  of  them  are  to  be  seen  in  Britain),  that  we  have  been  unable  to  satisfy 
ourselves  as  to  what  are  species,  and  what  are  only  varieties.  Michanx  htf 
arranged  the  species  in  the  two  following  sections  :  — 

§  i.  Simple  Aments,  Growth  rapid.  —  1.  i/ikglans  regia  L.  2.  J,  nigra  L 
3.  J,  cath&rtica  Michx.,  syn.  J,  cinerea  LI  The  order  of  the  flowering  of 
these  species  in  England  is,  first  J.  regia,  then «/.  cinerea,  in  a  few  days  after 
which  the  catkins  of  J,  nigra  expand.  The  order  of  fruiting  is  different ;  for, 
while  the  fruit  of  the  common  walnut  begins  to  drop  in  the  first  or  serood 
week  in  September,  that  of  the  black  walnut  does  not  fall  till  the  end  of  the 
same  month,  and  that  of  the  grey  walnut  not  till  the  beginning  of  October. 
To  this  section  may  be  added  J  yiraxinifolia  L,,  recently  separated  from«/il|glaos 
as  the  genus  Pterocarya. 

§  ii.  Compound  Aments,  each  Peduncle  bearing  three.  Growth  slow,  —  1.  t/u- 
glans  olivsef6rmis  Michx,  (syn.  C^rya  olivsefdrmis  Nutt,),  2.  J,  amara  Mitkx, 
(C,  amara  Nutt,).  3.  J,  aquatica  Michx.  (C,  aquatica  NitM.).  4.  J,  tomen- 
tdssi  Jilichx.  (C.  tomentosa  Nutt.).  5.  J.  squamosa  ik^cAx.  (C.&lba  NvtL), 
6.  J,  laciniosa  Michx,  (C.  laciniosa  Nutt.).  7.  J.  porcina  Afichx.  (C.  porcioa 
Nutt.).    8.  ./.  myristicxf6rmis  Michx.  (C.  myristiciformis  NutL). 

It  \.  J,  RE^GiA  L.    The  ro3ral,  or  common.  Walnut  Tree. 

Identification.    Ua  Hort.  Clllf ,  p.  449. ;  Willd.  Arb.,  158. ;  Willd.  Sp.  PI..  4.  p.  4&!V. 
Synonymn.    Kixx  Jiiglans  Dod.  Pempt.  816. ;  N^x  Jin^uait,  sen  rdgia  Tulj^tris,  BmA.  PAk  417.  i 

Noyer  commua,  /V. ;  Noseguler  Provence ;  geroetne  Walnuss,  Ger. 
Engravings.    Michx.  N.  Amer.  Sylra,  t  '29. ;  the  plates  ot  this  tree  In  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edlL,  toL  tU.  ; 

KoAom  fig.  1416. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaflets  in  a  leaf,  5—9 ;  oval,  glabrous,  obscurely  serrated. 
Fruit  oval,  situated  upon  a  short  inflexible  peduncle.  Nut  rather  oval, 
rather  even.  A  larpe  aeciduous  tree.  Persia,  in  the  extensive  province  of 
6hilan,on  the  Caspian  Sea,  between  35*^  and  40°  of  latitude.  Height  40  ft. 


LXVII.   JUGLANDA^CEiE  :   J^U'OLANS.  733 

it9  60  ft.*  In  cultivation  in  England  since  1562,  and  probably  long  before. 
Flowers  greenish;  Amil  and  May.  Fruit  with  a  green  husk,  enclosing 
a  brown  nut ;  ripe  in  oeptember.    Decaying  leaves  brown. 

Varieties, 

t  J.  r.  2  mdxima.  Nan  Jii^glans  fructu  m&ximo  Bauh.  Pin.  417. ;  Noix 
de  Jauge  Bon  Jard,  ed.  1836  p.  473. ;  Clawnut  in  Kent,  Bannut  in 
Warwickshire,  ^  This  variety  has  the  fruit  double  the  size  of  that 
of  the  species,  being  sometimes  nearly  as  large  as  a  turkey's  egg ;  but, 
in  drying,  the  kernel  shrinks  to  one  half  its  size ;  and,  hence,  the  fruit 
of  this  variety  is  not  good  for  keeping,  but  ought  to  be  eaten  directly 
after  being  gathered.  The  leaves  are  large,  and  the  tree  has  a  mag- 
nificent appearance ;  but  its  timber  is  not  nearly  so  durable  as  that 
of  the  common  walnut. 

!E  J.  r.  3  tenera.  Nux  Ji^lans  fr(ictu  t6nero  et  fragile  put&mine  Bauh. 
Pin,  417. ;  Noyer  k  CoOue  tendre,  Noyer  M&ange  Bon  Jardimer, 
1.  c,  Noyer  de  Mars  m  Dayphine ;  the  thin-shelled,  or  Titmouse, 
Walnut.  (See  Hort,  Jhint^  vol.  iv.  p.  517.;  and  E,  of  Crord,,  ed. 
1834,  p.  942.)  —  The  last  name  is  given  to  this  kind  of  wdnut, 
because  its  shell  is  so  tender,  that  the  birds  of  the  titmouse  family 
(m^sange,  Fr,)  (Parus  m^or  L.;  P.  cferikleus  L,;  and  also  F. 
ater  and  P.  pal6stris  X.)  pierce  it  with  their  bills,  and  eat  the  kernel, 
leaving  the  remainii^  part  of  the  fruit  on  the  tree.  This  variety  has 
the  most  delicate  fruit  of  all  the  vralnuts :  it  keeps  longer,  and  pro- 
duces more  oil ;  but  it  is  not  so  good  a  bearer  as  the  other  sorts. 

S  J.  r.  4  ser6tina  Desf.  Ndx  Juglans  fructu  serdtino  Bauh,  Pin,  417.; 
Noyer  tardif,  Noyer  de  la  Saint-Jean  Bon  Jard.  ed.  1836  p.  472., 
Noyer  de  Mai  in  Davphin^,  —  This  is  a  most  valuable  variety  for 
those  districts  where  the  frosts  continue  late  in  spring. 

¥  J.  r.  5  laanuUa.  Nixx  Jilkglans  fbliis  ladniitis  Beneaulm,  N.  Dti  Ham. 
iv.  p.  174.;  Jiiglans  heteroph^Ua  Hort. ;  ././ilicifolia  Lodd.  Cat.  ed. 
1836 ;  the  Fern-leaved  Wahiut  Tree.  —  Has  cut  leaves,  somewhat 
like  those  of  J^zinus  excelsior  talicifdlia. 

Other  Varieties.  The  above  are  the  most  remarkable  and  valuable  of  the 
varieties  of  the  common  walnut ;  the  first  three,  on  account  of  their  fruit ; 
and  the  last,  as  a  curiosity,  on  account  of  its  leaves.  But  in  the  Bon  Jot" 
dinier  five  others  are  enumerated ;  and  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Fruit 
Catalogue  for  1832  nine  are  given,  of  which  the  most  valuable  for  cultivation 
for  its  firuit  is  the  Hiehfiier ;  a  variety  which  was  originated  at  Thetford,  in 
Norfolk,  and  which  is  held  in  much  esteem  in  that  county  and  in  Suffolk. 

J  Hort.  Trans.y  iv.  p.  517. ;  and  E.  of  Gard.,  ed.  1835,  p.  942'.)  There  is  also 
tie  Yorkshire  walnut,  which  is  much  planted  in  that  county.  The  varieties 
recommended  by  Mr.  Thompson,  as  having  proved  the  most  prolific  in  the 
Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  are :  the  Round  early  oval ;  the  Double  large 
French,  No.  1.  above  ;  the  Tender-shelled,  No.  2.;  and  the  Thick-shelled. 
In  the  gardens  of  the  Trianon,  near  Paris,  there  is  a  hybrid  between  Ju- 
glans  regia  and  J.  nigra,  which  partakes  in  an  equal  degree  of  the  properties 
of  both  species,  and  has  ripened  fruit  from  which  young  plants  have  been 
raised  possessing  similar  properties.  (See  Gard.  Mag^  vol.  xvi.) 

The  wood  of  the  walnut  weighs  58  lb.  8  oz.  in  a  green  state ;  and  when 
dried,  46  lb.  8  oz.  It  is  white  in  young  trees,  and  in  that  state  is  subject  to  be 
wormeaten ;  but,  as  the  tree  grows  old,  the  wood  becomes  solid,  compact, 
easy  to  work,  and  acquires  a  brown  colour,  veined,  and  aereeably  shaded  with 
light  brown  and  black.  The  most  valuable  part  of  the  walnut  is  its  fruit,  which  # 
is  much  in  demand  throughout  Burope  and  other  parts  of  the  world,  for  the 
table,  and  for  various  other  purposes.  In  a  young  and  green  state,  it  is  pickled 
and  preserved ;  and,  when  mature,  it  is  used  as  food  for  the  poorer  classes  in 
the  countries  where  it  abounds,  and  at  the  dessert  of  the  richer  classes.  An  oil 
is  expressed  from  the  kernel  in  some  parts  of  France,  Switzerland,  and  Italy. 


784  ARBORETUH    ET   fRUTICETUM   BBITANKICUX. 

The  species  is  propagated  b;  the  nut ;  whicb,  whea  the  tree  is  to  be  growc 
chiefly  for  its  timber,  is  best  sown  wliere  it  ia  finaUy  to  remain,  on  account  al 
the  taproot,  which  will  thus  have  its  tiill  influence  on  tbengouraiidpraipenn 
of  the  tree.  Where  the  tree  is  to  be  grown  for  fniit  on  dry  soils,  or  in  rocky 
wtUBtiona,  it  ou^t  also  to  be  sown  where  it  is  finally  to  remain,  for  the  taiae 
reasons.  In  soils  on  moist  or  other- 
wise unfavourable  subsoils,  if  sown 
where  it  is  finally  to  remain,  a  tile, 
■late,  or  flat  stone,  should  be  pluced 
under  the  nut  M  the  depth  ol  3  or 
4  inches,  in  order  to  give  the  taproot  a 
horizontal  direction  ;  or,  if  this  pre- 
caution has  been  neglected,  after  the 
plants  have  come  up,  the  taproot 
may  be  cut  throu^  with  a  spade  6  or 
8 inches  below  the  nut,  asis  sometimes 
practised  in  nurseries  with  young 
plants  of  the  borsechestnut,  sweet 
chestnut,  walnut,  and  oak.  On  the 
otherhand,whenthe walnutisplanted  . 
in  toil  which  has  a  dry  or  rocky  subsoil, 
or  among  rocks,  no  precaution  of  this 
sort  is  necessary  :  on  the  contraiy,  it 
would  be  iiyurious,  by  preventins  the 
taproot  from  desrcndmg,  and  deriving 
that  nourishment  from  the  subsoil 
which,  from  the  nature  of  the  surface 

soil,  it  could  not  there  obtain.    The  iiu./.(^k. 

varieties  may  be  propagated  by  bud- 
ding, grafting,  inarching,  or  layering,  in  common  soil.  The  walnut  tree  sttne 
the  largest  size  in  a  deep  loamy  soil,  dry  rather  than  moizt ;  but  the  SfSt 
has  the  best  flavour,  and  produces  most  oil,  when  the  tree  is  grown  in  nl- 
coreouB  soils,  or  among  calcareous  rocks  :  in  a  wet-bottomed  soil,  whitetcr 
may  be  the  character  of  the  surface,  it  will  not  thrive. 


A  L.    The  btack-tKiodnf  Walnut  Tree. 


Engrnirngt.     H 


StLti.  t,  10.  I  Dnid.   Brit.,  t 


lol.  TlL  ; 


Spcc.Cbar.,!^c.  Leaflets, 
in  a  leaf,  13— 17{  cor- 
date-acuminate, unc-  ' 
qual  at  the  base,  ser- 
rated, and  somewhat 
downy  ;  lateral  ones  ' 
ut>en  short  petiolules. 
Fruit  ^oboae,  rou^ish 
with  minute  prominent 
points,  situated  upon  a 
t  short  inflexible  pedun- 
cle. Nut  globose,  some- 
what compreaaed  at  the 
sides,  ri<ued  and  fur- 
rowed. OUuAr.)  A 
large  deciduous  tree. 


LXYII.   JUOLANDA^CEA  :    CA^RYA. 


785 


Hew  England  to  Florida,  in  fertile  soil  in  woods.  Heieht  60  ft.  to  100  ft. 
Introduced  in  1656.  Flowers  greenish;  April  and  ^uty.  Fruit  with  a 
green  busk,  enclosing  a  brown  nut. 

VarieHet,    None  are  in  cultivation ;  but  a  hybrid  between  this  species  and 
J.  nigra  has  been  noticed  in  p.  733. 

The  growth  of  the  tree  is  remarkably  quick,  more  so  than  that  of  the  Eu- 
ropean walnut.  At  8  or  10  years  of  age  it  b^ins  to  bear,  and  ape  increases 
its  fertility.  No  tree  will  grow  under  its  shade,  and  even  grass  is  injured  by 
it.  In  40  years,  in  ffood  soil,  it  will  attain  the  hdght  of  from  50  ft.  to  60  ft. 
The  heart-wood,  which  is  black,  remains  sound  for  a  long  period,  when  ex- 
posed to  heat  and  moisture ;  but  the  sap-wood  speedily  decays.  When  pro- 
perly seasoned,  the  wood  is  strong,  tough,  and  not  liable  to  warp  or  split.  It 
IS  never  attacked  by  worms,  and  has  a  grain  sufficiently  fine  and  compact  to 
adroit  of  a  beautiful  polish.  The  tree  is  universally  raised  ft'om  the  nut,  which, 
after  being  importeo,  ought  to  be  sown  immediately,  as  it  seldom  retains  its 
vital  power  more  than  six  months  after  it  has  ripened. 

¥  .3.  J.  cinb'iiea  L,     The  ^cey^brandied  Walnut  Tree,  cr  Butter-nut. 

Identifiealitm.    Lin.  S&  PI.,  1419. ;  WiUd.  Sp.  Fl.,  4.  p.  4fl6. ;  Panh  Sept.,  &  p.  6361 

"  '  '60.-165it.Sl.;  J.  obl6iigaJfa{.DM:f.  No.aL; 


Ssfnomymet.    J.  cathiitlca  Vorik  Amer. 

Oil-nut,  White  Walnut 
Engrm/imgs,    Michx.  Arb, 


m  North  Amer.  S^Imu  1.  |^  16 
:,  Amer. ;  Norer  cendr^,  Fr. ; 
t>.»  1. 1.  a. ;  Michx.  North  Am 


graue  Walnuss,  Oer. 
Amer.  Sylva,  t  31. ;  and  oar  Jig,  1418. 


^c.  Char,,  ^c.  Petiole  villous.  Leaflets,  in  a  leaf,  15 — 17 ;  lanceolate, 
rounded  at  the  base,  serrate  with  shallow  teeth ;  tomentose  beneath ;  lateral 
ones  sessile.  Fruit  oblong-ovate, 
with  a  tapered  tip,  downy,  co- 
vered with  viscid  matter  in  small 
transparent  glanded  hairs,  pen- 
dulous on  a  flexible  peduncle. 
Nut  oval,  with  an  acuminate 
tip,  very  rough  with  prominent 
irr^;ular  ridges.  (Michx.)  A 
large  deciduous  tree.  Canada  to 
Virginia,  and  on  the  Alleghany 
Mountains.  Height  30  ft.  to  60  ft. 
Introduced  in  1656.  Flowers 
greenish ;  April  and  May.  Fruit 
a  green  husK,  enclosing  a  brown 
nut ;  ripe  in  October. 

This  species  grows  with  equal 
rapidity,  when  young,  as  the  J. 
nigra;  but  the  trunk  ramifies  at  a 
less  height;  and  the  branches  ex- 
tending more  horizontally  than 
those  of  most  other  trees,  and 
spreading  widely,  a  large  and  flat 
tufted  head  is  formed,  which  gives 
the  tree,  in  America,  more  espe- 
cially in  exposed  situations,  a  most  remarkable  appearance. 

Genus  II. 


1418.   J. 


CA^RYA-  Nuitall.    The  Carya,  or  Hickoby  Tree.    Lin.  Sytt. 

Monoe'cia  Tetr-Hex-dndria. 

UnU^ficatim.    Nott  Otc  N.  Amer.  PL, «.  p.  220. ;  Lindley  Nat.  Syit.  of  Bot.,  p.  180. 


ARBORETUM    £T   FItUTICETCJH   BItlTANMlCUM. 


nnui  (Carn).  the  wdnut  t 
(NviaiL)  Th*  nvnc  erf  cirjm  v. 
Honour  of  Cv^K.  dau^ter  of  DUm.  king  of  l^conlB,  wua  vBI  couivd  aj  ujcchul  into  wina. 
DImiiB  liBd  Lhfl  lumune  of  Gftrrau  (Vom  tli«  town  of  Carn,  tn  LbcodCl  whcT«  hrr  rtUi  wen 
■Ivan  aldniWd  In  ttia  ohh  air.  UDder  tba  ihadi  of  a  walnut  tiw.  Pluianh  un  Uw  iia»  i< 
Orfa  waa  aiirU«>  t°  Uu  'alnut  Inn  rrOD)  the  effixS  or  the  loulL  of  lu  leaiu  on  the  bead. 
Gtn,  Char.  Fbaert  unisexual,  moniedoiu.  Male,  female,  and  leaves  all  upona 
shoot  developed  Trom  one  bud  io  the  ;ear  of  the  flowering.  The  male  flowen 
home  at  the  base  of  the  shoot,  below  the  leaves,  or  in  the  axils  ofthe  low 
leaves ;  the  female  flowers,  a  few  together  about  the  tip  of  the  shoot. — Jlfolr 
jUnDert  in  slender  pendulous  catkiiu,  that  are  disposed  3  upon  a  peduncle; 
Ca/vTaS-pBTtedmrnuteleaf.  Stametui — 6. — Female finom.  Cu^r  mduding 
anil  adhering  to  the  ovary ;  its  tip  free,  and  4~cteft  Stigaia  sessile  upon  tlie 
OTarj,  partly  discoid,  S--4~-lobed  Fhdi  a  drupe.  /Tiuit  fleshy,  sepaioti^ 
into  4  equal  valves,  yui  .with  4  or  niore  bluntiBh  angles  in  its  transvene 
outline;  the Eurface  pretty  even.  (G.Don.) 

Leavet   compound,  alternate,  eistipulate,  deciduous ;  imparipinnate,  of 

5 — 15  leaflets,  serrate;  all,  except  the  terminal  one,  in  opposite,  or  atiAf 

'  opposite,  pairs ;  and  all  BprMding  in  one  plane.    Flowen  greeniah.   Decafiiig 

leaves  brown.  —  Trees,  deciduous :  natives  of  North  America  ;  the  rue  « 

growth  slower  than  a  Jilglaiu,  and  the  bark  appearing  reticulated. 

When  propagated,  the  nuts  should,  if  possible,  be  pUnted  where  the  tita 

are  intended  to  remain,  as  most  of  the  species  have  very  long  taproots,  wtiA 

are  nearly  destitute  of  fibres.     'Riis  remarii,  however,  does  not  ap^  to  C 

am&ra,  which,  like  </itKlans  nigra,  has  abundance  of  fibrous  root*.    loe  d^ 

nut  (C.  porclna)  and  tiie  mocker^iut  (C.  tomentdaa)  are  con^dered  to  sffifd 

the  best  timber;  and  the  pacane-DUt  (C.  oliTsfdrmis)  decidedly  thebcatfrnili 

though  the  nut  in  this  species  is  snwIL 

X  l.C.OLiv.'Evo'KMis  Nutt.  The  o^vo-shoped  Ctija, oT PacoBe-aui  JSdUt). 
Idaiaicalian.    Nutt.  Can.  N.Amer.  Pl.,p.Ul. 

StnatttHa,    JililaDi  rtitux  Gvrln.  Sam.  i.  p.  SI.  t.  M.  i  J.  nlliidTta  Lam.  EmoKL,  N.  D*  Bm. 
Vp.  ITS.i  J. /icaalIUtiL>Db.liiNaT.  Act.  Soc.  Nat.  Sovt.  Berol.  I.  p.  MI  r7.  aoawtuaUa  « 

flbrt.  JCtw.  1  J,  oli.BfSmti  «ii*r.  n.  ---     —     _.-....    ....     .-^.  .    

Ptcuiler,  Picinui.  Norar  Ptcanltr,  Fr. 
Eiurratinga.     Ulcbi-  Arb.,  I.  t.  'A. 

iionb  Amet.  Srl'a,  l.l.Sl;  and 

oar  Jig.  UK. 

Spec.  Char.,  •)«.     Leaflets,  in 

a  leaf,  13 — 15;  ovate-lan- 
ceolate, serrate ;  lateral  ones 

nearly  sessile,  and  somewhat 

falcate.  Fruit  oblong,  widest 

above   the   middle.      Fruit 

and    nut    each   with    four 

angles  in  its  Iransverae  out-  / 

line.  Nut  in  form  and  ?  size 

compared  with  the  fruit  of 

the  olive,  narrowly  elliptical. 

(MiiAr.)  A  large  deciduous 

tree.  Banks  of  the  Ohio,  Mis- 

xissippi,  and  other  rivers  in 

Upper   Louisiana.     Height 

60  ft.  to  70  ft.     Introduced 

in  1766.    Flowers  greenish  ; 

April  and  Muy.    Fruit  with 

a   ^een   husk,  enclosing  a 

jrellowish  nut.  ^ 

The  shell  is  smooth  and 
thin,  but  too  hard  to  be 
broken  by  the  fingert.     The 


Lxvii.  juolandaVbje  :  ca'rya.  737 

kernel  is  full,  and,  not  being  divided  by  ligneous  partitiona,  is  ewily  ex- 
iracted,  and  of  ua  agreeable  taste.  The  wood  is  coarBe^rained,  and,  like 
that  of  the  other  hickoriea,  is  heavy  and  compact,  poEsesBUig  great  strength 
and  durability.  The  nuts  are  exported  to  the  West  Indies,  and  to  the  ports 
of  the  United  Stules ;  and  Michaui  considers  them  asmore  delicately  6avoured 
than  any  of  the  nuts  qf  Europe. 

t  2.  C.  wiiltA  IV'u//.     The  bitter-ftui  Carya,  or  Hu'llory. 

IifnUfflcaHat.    Nail.  On.  N.  Amrr.  PI..  I  p.  !W 

Sfmattj/vta.    JOgliiu  udiiM  Uiclu.  Ari,  \.  p.  170. ;  BlUnc-Diit,  White  Hlckor]'.  Swimp  Hlckorr, 

X-^Hj^i.    »lchi.  Nanh  Aour.  SyW4.l.  tS3.;udDurJ((.  14W. 

Sprc,  Char.,  ij-c.  Leaflets,  in  a  leaf,  7— -9  ;  ovote-obbng,  acuminate,  serrate 
with  deep  leeth,  glabrous;  lateral  ones  sessile.  Sets  of  catkins  in  pulre. 
Fruit  rountlish-ovate,  bearing,  iu  its  upper  half,  4  wing-like  ridges  ;  husk 
thin  and  flenliy,  sufienlng  and  decaying,  and  ncTer  becoming  ligneous,  as  in 
the  other  species.  Nut  subglaboae,  broader  than  long,  tipt)ed  with  a  mucro. 
Seed  bitter.  {Micki.)  A  Inrge  deciduous  tree.  New  England  to  Maryland, 
'i   dry  woods   in   fertile   soil,   on   the   mountains.     Introduced   i 


The  fruit  is  very  small,  and  produced  in  great  abundance.  The  husk,  which 
is  thin,  fleshy,  and  surmouDteu  on  iis  upper  half  by  4-  appendages  in  the  fonn 
of  wings,  never  becomes  ligneous,  like  those  of  the  other  nickones,  but  soltens 


and  decays.  The  shell  Is  smooth,  white,  and  thin  enough  to  be  broken  with 
the  fingtrs ;  the  kernel  is  remarkable  for  the  deep  inequalitica  produced  on 
every  side  by  its  foldings.  It  is  so  harsh  and  bitter,  that  squirrels  end  other 
animals  will  not  feed  upon  it  while  any  other  nut  is  to  be  found. 

I  3.  C.  aqua'tica  Null.     The  aquatic  Carya,  or  Water  BUter-ntU  Hickort/. 
Iilfiiiillralim.    Nutl.  Gen,  N.  Amer.  Fl..1l,p.  119. 
Syuanv^v.    Jciluu  •quilia  WfCAi.  Jrj.  I.  p.  1S3. 
etgrif-ei.    Ulchi.  Nonb  Anilc.  Sjllt.  I,  M. ;  ud  outjiti.  1111 .  and  im. 

Spcr.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaflets,  in  a  leaf,  9 — II  ;  narrowly  lanceolate,  serrate. 
Verj'  similar  to  the  leaves  of  P^raiua  vulgaris  Milt. ;  the  lateral  ones  sc»sile. 
Fruit  peduncled,  ovate,  with  4  rather  prominent  ridges  at  the  seunis  of  the 
husk.  Nut  broadly  oval,  angular,  a  little  depressed  at  the  Eides,  ''oughi&h. 
reddish.  (Michs.)  A  middle -sizeii  deciduous  tree.  South  Carolina  to 
Georjfia,  in  swamps  and  rice  iiekls.  Height  40  ft,  to  (A)  fl.  Introduced 
in  1800.  Flowers  greenish  ;  April.  Fruit,  with  a  green  husk,  enclosing  a 
reddish  nut ;  ripe  in  October. 

The  water  bitter-nut  hickory  is  a  tree  witli  rather  slender  branches.  Its 
lea-  ei  are  f*  or  9  inches  long,  and  of  a  beautiful  green ;  they  are  composed  of  4 
or  &  p^rs  of  sessile  leaflets,  stinnounted  by  a  petiolated  odd  one.    The  leaflets 


738  ABBOBETUH    ET   PRUTICETUM   BRITANMtCUH. 

are  serrated,  long  in  proportion  to  their  breadth,  and  very  Bimtlarta  the  lents 
of  ti  peach  tree.  The  husk  U  thin  ;  and  the  nuU  are  small,  somewhat  rough, 
of  a  reddish  colour,  and  yetj  tender.     The  kernel  ii  in  fblda,  and  too  bitter 


to  be  eatable.     This  species  anpears  to  require  a  gre^t  deal  of  warmth  and 
" ■  '         ■  '     inferior  f  '      "-'-' 


re.    The  wood  is  light,  weak,  and  very  far  inferior  to  every  other 
of  hickory. 

I  4.  C  TONBNTo'SA  yull.     The  tomentose  Carja,  or  Mocker-mU  Hidoni. 


J.  Aba  MicAi.  Ft.  Bar.  Antrr.,  C.  Ubm  KiM.  ;  J.  Ubi  UiU.  Did.  No.  i.  :  J.  unoilta 
Sor.  Amer.  1.  p.  IM. ;  Whi[c-h(arl  Htckoii.  cnmuoa  Hlckoij.  Amrr. ;  No)*  da, 

Hichl.  Alt.,  I.  I.  G.  I  North  AnsT.  Sjrin,  l.t,  39.  i  lai  oar  Jig.  MIS. 

^fc.  Oar.,  if'c.     Petiole  downy  beneath.     Leaflets,  in  a  leaf,  7 — 9;  obont«- 


the  sutures.  Nut 
with  4 — 6  anglea 
i[>  its  transverse 
outline,  having  b 
short  and  capi- 
tate beak  at  tlie 
tiD.  Shell  EOnic- 
what  channeled.  / 
(Mwhi.)_  A  * 
large  dedduous 
tree.  New  Eng- 
land to  Virginia, 

and  oa  the  Al-  , 

leghany    Moun- 
tains, in  forests  where  the   soil  is  fertile.     Hd^t  50  ft  to  60  ft    l""*- 
duced  in  ?  1766.     Flowers  pale  rose-coloured ;  Hay.     Fniit  witha|re(B 
bulu,  eucloring  a  brownish  nut ;  ripe  in  Noyember. 


LXVII.    JUGLANDA^CEiE  :    CA^RYA. 


739 


Vofieiif, 

t  C.  /.  2  maxima  Nutt.  —  Leaflets  7  in  a  leaf,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate, 
serrulate ;  beneath,  softly  pubescent,  and  of  a  paler  colour ;  terminal 
leaflet  subpetiolate.  Fruit  partly  globose,  of  nearly  twice  the  size 
ordinary  in  the  species ;  as  large  as  an  apple.  Husk  exceedingly 
thick.  Nut  quadrangular,  very  large ;  having  a  thick  shell,  and  a 
mucro  that  is  prominent,  quaurangular,  and  truncate  at  the  tip. 
{Nutt.) 

The  leaves  grow  so  rapidly,  that  Michaux  has  seen  them  gain  20  in.  in 
18  days.  With  the  first  frosts,  they  change  to  a  beautiful  yellow,  and  fall  oW 
soon  after.  The  fnut  is  ripe  in  November,  and  varies  very  much  in  size  and 
shape.  The  shell  is  very  thick,  and  extremely  bard ;  and  the  kernel,  which  is 
sweet,  though  small,  is  so  difficult  to  extract,  because  o^  the  strong  partitions 
which  divide  it,  as  to  have  given  rise  to  the  name  of  mocker-nut.  There  are 
numerous  specimens  of  this  tree  in  the  Bois  de  Boulogne,  which  were  sown 
there  by  Michaux  fils  in  1822 ;  and  in  1840,  when  we  saw  them,  were  from 
20  ft.  to  .SO  ft.  high. 

*  5.  C.  a'lba  Nutt,    The  white-wii//tf</  Carya,  or  Sheli-bark  Hickon/, 

Jdentifieation.    Nutt.'  Gen.  N.  Amer.  PI.,  2.  p.  321. 

Sjfnonymet.    .Tiiglant  ilba  Michx.  ¥l.  Bar.  Amer.  2.  p.  193. ;  J.  ilba  ovita  Marsh.  Arh.  115. ;  J. 

•quamdta  Michx.  Art.  1.  p.  1!K). ;  J.  compr^sta  Gartn.  Sem.  3.  p.  51. ;  Shag-bark  Hickory,  Scaly. 

bark  Hickorv,  Kisky  Thomas  Nut,  Amer. ;  Noyer  tendre,  Illinois. 
Engravings.    Michx.  N.  Amer.  Sylva,  1.  t.  36. ;  Dend.  Brit.,  t  148. ;  the  plate  of  this  tree  In  Arb. 

Brit.,  Ut  edit.,  vol.  rii. ;  and  our  Jig..  1434. 

Spec.  Char.f  ^c.  Leaflets,  in  a  leaf,  5—7 ;  oblong-acuminate,  argutely  serrate ; 
villous  beneath ;  the  pair  nearest  to  the  base  of  the  petiole  rather  remote 
from  it ;  terminal  leaflet  nearly  sessile.  Catkin  glabrous.  Fruit  depressedly 
j^lobose,  with  4  longitudinal  furrows,  in  the  line  of  which  the  husk  divides 
into  4  valves  that  become  wholly  separate.  Nut  compressed,  oblique,  4- 
angled  in  its  transverse  outline,  white'.  Bark  exfoliating  in  long  narrow 
stnps.  (Mic'hx,)  A  large  deciduous  tree.  New  England  to  Carolina,  and 
throughout  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  in  forests  where  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Height  80ft.  to  90ft.  Introduced  in  1629.  Flowers  greenish;  May. 
Fruit  with  a  greenish  husk,  enclosing  a  white  nut ;  ripe  in  November. 

The  growth  of  the  leaves  is  so  rapid,  that  in  a  month  th^  atUiin  their  full 
lensth,  which,  in  vigorous  trees,  is  sometimes  above  20  in.  The  fruit  is  round, 
with  four  depressed  seams,  and  averages,  in  general,  5A  in.  in  circumference. 
The  husk  separates  entirely  from  the  nut ;  and  its  thicKness  is  so  dispropor- 
tioned  to  the  size  of  the  nut,  as  to  form  a  character  peculiar  to  this  species 
and  C.  sulcata.  The 
nuts  are  white 
(whence  the  name 
of  C.  alba),  com- 
|)ressed  at  the  sides, 
and  marked  by 
four  distinct  angles, 
which  correspond 
to  the  divisions  of 
the  husk.  The  ker- 
nel is  fuller  and 
sweeter  than  that 
of  any  other  Ame- 
rican walnut  or 
hickory,  except  that 
of  C.  olivseformis ;  but  it  is  inferior  to  the  fruit  of  the  European  walnut. 

*  6.  C,  SULCATA  Nutt.     The  furrowed^/ruiterf  Carya,  or  Hickory. 

UemJHIcatiom,    Nutt.  G«»n.  N.  Amer.  PL,  2.  p.  221.  .,,./««        ^    —    « 

Smnrnvmet.    JOglan*  lacinidta  Michx.  Arb.  1.  p.  199.;  J.  mucroxAUk  Michx.  Fl.Btyr.  Amer.  2. 

pTlS. ;  J.  kul^U  WiUd.  Arb.  154.  1 7.;  thick  SheU-bark  Hickory.  Springfield  Nut,  Gloucester 

Nut,  Amer. 

3b  2 


1494.    C.  41b*. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 
WUW.  Arb.,  1.7.;  Mlehi.  Arb..l,  [.».l  North  Anmr,  SjItm,  t.IT.[.iul«ir/(.  US. 

a  leaf,  7 — 9  ;  obovate-acimiinBte,  arplel)  sa- 
il rouDdish,  having  4-  longiiudinal  ndga  th»i 
extend  froin  the  tip  to  ihe  middle,  and  4  intervening  depresuons,  or  furrons. 
Husk  dividing  from  one  extremity  to  the  other,  in  the  line  of  the  furroni. 
into  4  equal  valves.  Nut  subglobiMe,  slightly  compresaed.huving  a  bn^muiro 
Rt  the  tip,  and  a  ahorter  stouter  one  at  the  base ;  yellowiiih.  Bark  exfo- 
liating in  long  narrow  Btrips.  (_Micijr,)  A  large  deciduous  tree.  All^huii)' 
Mountains,  in  fertile  valleya.  Hd^ht  60  ft.  to  60  ft.  Introduced  in  18(4. 
Flowers  greenish ;  May.  Fruit  with  a  greenish  husk,  enclosing  a  yellawbi 
nut  i  ripe  in  November. 
The  leaves  vary  in  length  from  18  in.  to  20  in.,  and  are  tompoacdof  from' 

to  9  leaflets  ;  whereas  in  C.  ilba,  the  shell-bark  hickory,  the  leaflets  ur  iS' 

variably  5.     The  barren  catkins  are  long,  glabrous,  filiform,  and  pendulom ; 

3  being  united  on  a  common  petiole,  attached  to  the  bases  of  the  youngshoou. 

The  terdle  flowers  appear,  not  very  conspicuously,  at  the  extremity  of  die 


shoots  of  the  same  spring.  They  are  succeeded  by  a  large  oval  fndt,  men 
than  9  in.  long,  and  4  or  5  inches  in  circumference.  It  lias  lour  deprcsied 
seams,  which,  at  complete  maturity,  open  throuchout  their  whole  lenjth  If 
the  escape  of  the  nul.  The  shell  is  thick,  and  of  a  yellowish  hue ;  vhile  doi 
f>r  the  C.  ilba  is  white. 

5  7.  C.  PORCi'N*  NuU.     The  Pig-nut  Oarya,  or  Hickory. 

MnUtftealiox.    Null.  Qen.  N.  Arnvr.  PI..  Ip.  nZ. 

tougli.  Viifc  Word  Amrr.  Sulm  1,  p.  iW.  1  J.  obcor- 
dita  MUtlni.  tn  Nor.  Aa.  Six  Sal.  ScrtU.  Btnl.  3. 
p.  nt.  I  Plf4M.  Ilae-Dul,  Bnxra  KSCkorj. 
EifniHM.  MklH.  Arlh.l.  t.».  (.1.4,)  Niirtli  Amei. 
SrlTi,  f,  I.  >».  r.  S.  4, 1  Otai.  Bril-  t.  m.  I  ind  our 
j^.  UK,  It:;,  tnd  itga. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaflets  a— 7  in  a  leaf, 
OTBte-acitminate,  serrate,  glabrous,  dotted 
beneath  with  dots  of  resinous  matter ;  ter>  j 
minal  leaflet  sessile.  JJut  obcordoie.  Fruit  ' 
round,  somewhat  rough.  (Mkhx.)  See 
oarfig.  l+ae.  a,  and  jfg.  U2B.  a.  A  lofty 
tree.  Norih  America,  in  the  middle, 
western,  and  southern  stales,  on  the  bor-  ku.  c  .m.. 


I.XVII.   JUGLANDACE^:    CA  RVA. 


ders  of  swamps.     Height  70  ft.  to  80  ft.    Introd.  1T5S.     Flowers  greeiiiih ; 
May.    Fruit  with  a  greeoish  husk,  enclosing  a  brownish  aut ;  ripe  November. 


*   C.p.  2  glabra.    Jiiglam  porcW  /J  GcifArmia  JtficAjr.  Arb,  i.  p.  209.  j 
J-  glabra  MWil.  in  jVot,  Ad.  Soc.  Nat.  &c.   iii.  p.  391,    (Our   tigs. 
1436.  i,  and  U2S.  i.)  —  Husk  of  the  fruit  shaped  like  a  Binall  iig, 
instead  of  being  round,  like  the  species. 
The  leaves  generally  consist 

of  three  pairs  of  leaflets,  and 

an  odd  one.      The  leuflels  are 

4  or  5  inches  long,  acuminated, 

serrated,    nearly    sessile,    and 

plahrovis  on  both  sides.      On 

vigorous  trees  which  grow  in 

shady  exposures  the  petiole  is 

of  a  violet  colour.     The  husk 

of  the  fruit  is  ihin,  of  a  beauti- 
ful greenj   and,   when   ripe,  it 

opens  through   half  its  length 

for   the   passage  of   the    nut. 

which  is  small,   smooth,  and 

very  hard,  on  account  of  the 

thickness  of  rhe  shell.     The 

kernel   is  sweet,  but   meagre, 

and  difficult   to  extract,  I'rom 

ihe  firmness  of  the  partition. 

These  nuts,  in  America,   are 

never   carried  to  market,  but 

serve  for  food  for  swine,  ra-  ""■  "■'""^ 

coons,  and   numerous  squirrels   which   people   the  forests.      The  wood  is 

stronger  and  better  than  that  of  any  other  kind  of  hickory.       There  were 

numerous  specimens  in  the  Bois  de  Boulogne  iu   1840,  which  were  sown 

by  Michaux  fits  in  1832. 
1  e.  C.  uvRisTrc^Fo'RMis  Natl.  The  Nutmeg-like^^nuted  Carya,  or  NiWarg 

Idniificaibm.    Hiut.  Gcd.  Ann.  PI.,  3.  p.  m. 


ET    FUUriCETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


I  M/eir.  A 


Si  re  Char  ^e  LeaRett  m  a  leaf  9 
ovate-acuTninute,  serrate,  glRl>rous  the 
termitinl  one  nearly  sesiiile  Fruii 
ovate  roughish  Nut  oial,  with  a 
small  point  at  each  end  even  brown 
nich  longitiidm  il  lines  of  white  m 
which  It  resembles  a  nutmeg  vhich 
la  the  seed  ol  MjrSsticu  moschutn 
and  hence  the  epithet  m^nsticEefurniis 
(Jirichx )    A    large    dtciduous  trte 

Verv   little  is   known   of   ihis    tree 
uhich  Michaux  descnbeil  Iro  n  a  branch  and  a  handful  of  a 
g\\ea  to  hllil  b}  a  gardener  at  Charleston 

S  9.  C.  hicroca'rp*  iV«/(.     The  small-fniited  Carya,  or  Ificion,. 

S/iei:  Char.,  i^-i'.  Leaflets,  in  a  leaf,  about  5 ;  ohiong-lanceolate,  conspicuou?!' 
acuminate,  argulcly  sfrruintc,  iiliiiirous  ;  glandular  beneath  ;  terminal  Mt 
subpetiolate.  Fniit  subglo- 
1>03e.  Husk  thin.  Nut  partly 
i|iliidrangiilar,  small ;  its  »hell 
rather  thin,  its  mucro  obso- 
lete and  truncate.  Fruit 
much  like  that  of  C.  tomen- 
tdsa,  and  eatable;  but  very 
small,  the  nut  not  exceed- 
ing the  size  of  a  nutmeg. 
Catkins  trifid,  very  long,  gla- 
brous, without  involucre  ; 
scales  3-])Hrted,  their  lateral 
segmenis  ovate,  the  central  .^ 
one  linear.  Anthers  pilose, 
mostly  4,  sometimes  3,  sonie- 
times  5.  Female  flowers  2 
at  H  together  ;  common  pe- 
iluncle  bracteolate.  Seg- 
ments of  the  calyx  very  long, 
and  somewhat  leaf}'.  Stigma 
se9sile,dLscoid,4-lobed, some- 
what rhomboidal.  (A'ulta//) 
Alarge  deciduous  tree.  Phi- 

ladelphia,on  thebanksofihe  ki).  c.  niimnip.. 

Schuylkill. 

Olher  Spfciei  nf  Carya.  —  C.  anibigua  (Jilglsns  ombigiia  Midu.)  is  ik- 
Hcribed  in  books,  but  not  yet  introduced  ;  C.  pubescens  Ijak  is  suppo^l" 
have  been  introduced ;  and  C.  rigida  {J.  rigida  Lodd.  Cal.)  a  in  the  Hwinc! 
Arboretun),  but  appears  to  be  only  a  variety  of  C.  ilba.  C,  integrilblio* 
Ihireiig.  (^Hicarii'i  iniegrilSlius  Rajinaqiu:)  is  probably  an  imaginary  sptcio- 
From  the  circumstance  of  the  species  of  ./iglans  and  Carya  crossing  so  fr«l; 
with  one  another,  and  the  seeds  of  the  produce  coming  true  to  the  cross- 
breeds thus  produced,  it  is  not  unlikely  timt  some  of  the  species,  even  of  ili< 
native  woods  of  America,  may  have  been  so  originated.  The  feet  stuted  in 
p.  733.  respectinj;  a  hybrid  between  ./uglans  regia  and  J.  nigra  would  seem  t') 
JuMify  these  remarks. 


uXVII.    JUOLANDa'cE£  :    PTEROCA^RYA.  743 

Genus  III. 


PTEROCA'RVA  KanlA.     The  Ptehocarv*.     Lin.  Sjfd. 
?  Polyandria. 
«■  Nuunllei,  1.  p.  He. ;  Llndlvr  Mit.  SjU.  ill 


.    Tba  I 


Gn.  fAar.,  ^c.  Ftoweri  unisexual,  taontEtioMs.—MaU  floweri  in  spikes. 
lament  in  a  flower  many. — Female  fiowert  in  long  pendulous  spikes,  and 
distant,  sessile,  and  without  bractess.  Cidyx  connate  with  the  uvary, 
Oaay  and  part  of  the  calyx  flagon -shaped,  bearing  two  wings  above  the 
base  \  their  direction  transverse  and  oblique ;  cell  1  ;  ovule  I,  erect.  SlgU 
1,  vary  short.  StigmoM  t,  large,  spreading,  revolute.  Fruit  sub-drupa- 
eeou%  angled ;  having  two  wings,  as  the  ovary  ;  much  tapered  to  the  tip,  not 
opening  ;  containing  a  bony  nut,  which  has  4  cells  in  its  lower  part,  whose 
partitions  do  not  extend  to  the  top.  ((?.  iJan.) 

Leacci  compound,  allcrnate,  exKlipulate,  deciduous;  leaflets  about  IT, 
sessile,  unequal  at  the  base,  not  dotted,  serrate.  Fruit  small.  Decaying 
leaves  brown.  —  A  tree,  deciduous  j  native  of  the  eastern  part  of  Caucasus  j 
prop^ated  by  layers,  but  the  plant  is  Eomewhat  tender. 

1  I.  P.  c*uca'sic*  Kanih.     The  Caucasian  Pterocarya. 

MmtHlaaiem.    Kimlhln  Annil.  d«  S<4ni.  NU,.t.  p.US. 

Slimmiimri.  Jil|lan>  Plscocttiy"  Michi.  Fl.  Bar.  Amer.  i.  p.  !«.,  Ww,  Fm.  PJIanm.  Caac.  p.  IM.  i 
JIbiSi  cUKdram  Blei.  Fl.  Tiatr.  Cam.  Ho.  SIX.;  ././raiinifiUla  fomaul  ils.,  t/.  Du  6am.  t. 

Emrrmiilff.    Our.|((.  I«l.  IVim  »  Medilnit  plMt ;  thepluM  of  thit  lr»  In  Arb.  BrtL,  lit  wUt,.  lol. 


Sftet,  Char.,  $c  Leaflets,  in  a  leaf,  about  19;  orate-oblong,  acuminate, 
argulely  serrate,  glabrous  ;  each  with  the  lower  or  hinder  side  of  its  base 
attached  to  the  petiole,  (tomnrrt.)  A  low  deciduous  tree.  Mount  Caucasus, 
in  moist  woods.  Height  80ft.  to40ft.  Introduced  in  ?  1800.  Flowers 
greenish  ;  May. 

3b  4 


744 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


For  small  gardens  and  diminutive  arboretums,  this  tree  may 
serve  very  well  to  exemplify  the  «/uglandace8e.  Care  should 
be  taken  to  train  it  to  a  single  stem,  and  not  to  plant  it  in 
soil  so  rich  and  moist  as  to  prevent  it  from  ripening  its  wood. 
Perhaps,  also,  something  might  be  gained  in  point  of  hardi- 
ness by  grafting  it  upon  the  common  walnut ;  either  on  the 
collar  of  the  stock,  m  order  to  form  dwarf  trees  or  bushes ; 
or  standard  high,  in  order  to  form  trees  that  woidd  from  the 
first  have  clear  straight  stems,  and  as  they  would  ripen  their 
wood  better,  in  consequence  of  growing  slower  than  the 
low  trees  or  bushes,  so  they  would  perhaps  show  blossoms 
and  ripen  fruit. 


Order  LXVIII.  .  SALICA'CEiE. 

Ord.  Char,  Fhivers  unisexual,  disposed  in  aments,  one  in  the  axil  of  each 
scale. — Maleflower$  disposed  in-  cylindrical  catkins,  with  a  small  gland-like 
perianth,  and  from  2 — 30  stamens,  which  are  sub-adnate  to  the  gland, 
generally  distinct,  rarely  monadelphous. — Feitiale  flowers  disposed  in  dense 
ovate  or  cylindrical  catkins,  each  with  a  free  simple  perianth.  Ovanum 
superior.  Style  1.  Stignias  2,  often  bifid.  Capsule  I -celled,  2-valvcd, 
many-seeded.  Seeds  small,  pendulous,  downy.  Albumen  none.  (G.  Don,) 
Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  ;  serrated  or  entire.  Fltrwen 
in  catkins.  Decaying  leaves  yellow  or  black.  —  Trees  deciduous  j  native* 
of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America.  The  genera  are  two,  which  are 
thus  characterised :  — 

iS^A^ix  L,     Bracteas  entire.     Stamens  1 — 3. 
Po'puLUs  L,    Bracteas  jagged.     Stamens  8. 


Genus  L 


Em 


LdkJ 


jL^L^LjBiiLA.i 


SA'hlX  L.    The  Willow.    Lin.  Si/st.  Dioe'cia  Diandria. 

Identification.    Lin.  Gen.,  514. ;  Juss.,  408 ;  Smith  in  Rees's  Cyclo.,  toI.  31. ;  Fl.  Br^  1099. ;  Tours.. 

t.  364. ;  Lam.,  t.  802. ;  Gsrtn..  t.  90. 
Synonyrnes.    Harab,  Hebrew  ;  Itea,  Gr. ;  Salix,  LeU. ;  Saule,  Fr. ;  Weide  and  Felbpr,  Gr. ;  Sakio, 

//fl/. ;  .Sauze,  Span. ;  Wide,  Swed. ;  Wilge,  Flem.i  Withig,  Anglo-Sax. ;  Willow,  Wlthr,  Sallow, 

Osier,  Engl.\  Saugh,  Scotch. 
Derivation.    From  sal,  near,  and  U$,  water,  CeUie  ;  in  reference  to  its  general  habitat.    Accordfflf 

to  otherx,  f^om  tatirct  to  leap  ;  on  account  of  the  extraordinary  rapidity  of  ita  growth. 

Gen.  Char.f  cj-c.  Bractea  to  the  flower  of  each  sex  entire.  — Male  flower 
consisting  of  1 — 5  stamens,  more  in  a  few  species,  and  of  one  or  more 
glands  inserted  contiguously  to  the  stamens. — Female  floioer  consisting  of 
a  pistil  that  is  stalked  or  sessile,  or  nearly  sessile,  and  one  or  more  glands 
inserted  contiguously  to  it.  (G.  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  ;  more  or  less  lanceolate 
and  serrated.     Flowers  yellow.     Decaying  leaves  mostly  vellow.  —  Trees 
or  shrubs,  deciduous  ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  Afiica,  and  Korth  America 
readily  propagated  by  cuttings  in  any  moist  soil. 


LXVIII.    ^ALICACE^:    SALIX,-  745 

The  species  vary  from  2  or  3  inches  to  50  or  60  feet»  and  even  to  80  or  90 
feet,  in  height.  The  branches  are  round  and  flexible  ;  the  leaves  in  all  cases 
deciduous,  and  the  sexes,  with  scarcely  any  exceptions,  on  different  plants. 
The  appearance  of  the  male  plant  and  the  female  plant,  of  the  same  species, 
Is  generally  more  or  less  different ;  and  hence  one  of  the  great  difficulties  in 
the  study  of  this  genus,  the  species  of  which  may  be  described  as  in  a  state 
of  inextricable  confusion.  The  growth  of  the  dwarfest  species,  such  as  S, 
herbacea,  is  slow,  and,  in  its  native  habitat,  not  above  1  in.  a  year,  and  often 
not  so  much  ;  that  of  the  larger  shrubs,  in  their  native  habitats,  varies  from 
5  or  6  inches  to  as  many  feet,  especially  when  the  plants  are  young  or  newly 
cut  down.  The  grosvth  of  some  of  the  kinds  cultivated  for  basket-making  or 
hoops,  in  good  soil,  when  cut  down  every  year  or  every  two  years,  is  often 
from  8  ft.  to  12  ft.  in  a  single  season.  The, growth  of  the  tree  kinds,  more 
especially  of  S.  &lba  and  S.  Russelliaita,  is  equally  rapid  when  young ;  so  that 
in  ten  years,  in  the  climate  of  London,  in  suitable  soil,  and  within  reach  of 
water,  these  kinds  will  attain  the  height  of  50  or  60  feet.  The  branches  of 
most  of  the  tree  kinds  have  an  upward  direction,  and  have  a  flame-like  motion 
in  the  wind,  as  in  5.  &lba  ;  but  in  others  they  are  spreading,  as  in  S,  c^prea ;  and, 
in  one  instance,  drooping  in  a  very  decided  manner,  as  in  S,  babylonica. 

Almost  all  the  willows  are  found  naturally  either  in  a  cold  soil  and  moist 
climate,  or,  if  in  a  sandy  soil,  within  reach  of  water.  The  low-growing  kinds 
are  sometimes,  however,  found  in  dry  arid  soils  ;  but  in  such  soils  they  are 
never  in  a  thriving  state.  Willows  are  very  seldom  found  growing  on  moist 
peat  bogs  ;  the  only  species  observed  in  such  situations  by  Steele  being  the 
S.  caprea  and  the  S.  pentdndra,  and  these  only  sparingly  in  peat  bog  that  was 
dry.  All  the  willows  are  propagated  by  cuttings  ;  though  some  of  the  more 
rare  alpine  kinds  root  with  difficulty.  Some  species  propagate  very  readily 
from  seeds ;  and  there  can  be  little  doubt  that  grafting,  inarching,  and  other 
similar  modes  of  propagation,  would  be  as  successful  in  this  genus  as  in 
most  others. 

The  best  kinds  of  willow  for  growing  as  timber  trees  are  : — S,  61ba,  which  will 
attain  the  height  of  from  60  ft.  to  80  ft.  in  20  years.  S.  Russelliana  and  iS*. 
fragilis,  which  are  frequently  confounded  ;  and,  indeed,  in  external  appearance, 
differ  very  slightly  from  each  other  except  in  size :  S.  Russelliana  growing  as 
rapidly,  and  to  as  great  a  height,  as  S,  ilba  ;  but  S.  fragilis,  though  it  grows 
with  equal  rapidity,  not  attaining  so  great  a  height.  S.  caprea,  and  some  of  its 
allied  kinds,  which  grow  as  rapidly  as  S,  fragilis  for  three  or  four  years  ;  and 
will  attain  nearly  the  same  height  as  that  species  in  the  same  time  ;  that  is,  on 
good  soil,  from  30  ft.  to  40  ft.  in  twenty  years :  according  to  Bosc,  S.  caprea 
is  the  most  valuable  of  all  the  tree  willows  grown  in  France.  Other  willows 
which  attain  a  timber-like  size,  or  about  30  or  40  feet  in  twenty  years,  are, 
S,  tri&ndra,  jSi.  rotundata,  iS^.  lucida,  S.  Meyenana,  iS>.  prse^cox,  S,  Pontederana, 
S.  acuminata,  S.  pentandra,  jS^.  vitellina,  and  S.  am}'gd41ina.  Many  of  the 
other  species,  in  good  soil,  if  allowed  sufficient  room,  and  trained  to  a  single 
stem,  would  attain  the  size  and  character  of  trees  ;  but  with  a  view  to  timber, 
the  four  species  first  mentioned,  viz.  S.  4lba,  S,  Russelltana,  S.  fragilis,  and 
S.  caprea,  are  alone  worth  cultivating.  The  best  sorts  for  coppice-wood  are 
S.  caprea  and  its  allied  kinds. 

Almost  all  the  species  of  willows  may  be  grown  for  basket  rods,  but  some 
are  greatly  preferable  to  others.  The  most  vigorous-growing  basket  willow 
is,  unquestionably,  S.  viminalis ;  and  it  is  also  the  sort  most  generally  cul- 
tivated for  that  purpose.  It  has  no  disadvantage  that  we  are  aware  of,  except 
that  in  cold  wet  seasons,  and  in  a  moist  soil,  it  does  not  always  ripen  the 
points  of  its  shoots.  S.  rubra,  S.  Forbyana,  S,  decipiens,  and'iS.  stipularis  are 
excellent  species,  of  less  vigorous  growth  than  S,  viminalis,  which  ripen  the 
points  of  their  shoots  perfectly  in  most  seasons  :  the  best  of  these  is, 
perhaps,  S.  Torhydna.  S.  tri&ndra  is  nearly  as  vigorous  as  jS^.  viminalis.  S. 
nelix.  S.  vitellina,  and  S,  purpurea  are  very  desirable  species  where  small 


746  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANMICUM. 

tough  rods  are  required.     Various  other  sorts  might  be  mentioned  ;  but  these 
we  consider  as  by  far  the  most  valuable. 

As  gardenesque  objects,  all  the  shrubby  species  of  willow,  as  well  as  the 
trees,  will  have  most  eifect  when  trained  to  a  single  stem,  if  only  to  the  h^t 
of  2  or  3  feet.  This  alone  gives  them  the  character  of  art.  All  the  traiUng 
sorts,  such  as  S.  herbhcea,  S.  reticulata,  &c.,  to  be  truly  gardenesque,  ou^t 
to  be  grafted  standard  high  for  the  same  reason.  For  picturesque  decoration 
in  artificial  scenery,  all  the  upright  shrubby  and  tree  willows  may  be  scat- 
tered or  grouped  along  the  margin  of  water  ;  and  all  the  creeping  or  trailing 
kinds  placed  on  rock  work,  and  left  to  take  their  natural  shapes.  Such  species 
of  willow  as  S.  pcntandra,  S.  liicida,  and  one  or  two  others,  from  having  little 
of  the  aspect  common  to  the  willow  family,  and,  consequently,  their  forms  not 
being  associated  with  the  idea  of  moist  soil  or  water,  may  be  placed  near  a 
house,  or  in  a  shrubbery  or  flower-garden,  on  account  of  their  fragrance  and 
early  blossoms ;  but  this  cannot  be  recommended  with  respect  to  willovs  in 
general,  which,  whether  as  shrubs  or  trees,  always  convey  the  idea  of  the 
vicinity  of  water  or  of  marshy  ground. 

The  great  master  in  the  genus  Skhx,  considered  in  a  botanical  point  of  viev, 
b  Professor  Koch  ;  but,  in  the  present  state  of  our  knowledge  of  this  genus 
in  Britain,  we  have  deemed  it  best  to  follow  Mr.  Borrer,  whose  groups  hare 
been  adopted  by  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker,  and  almost  all  other  British  botanistt. 
Those  who  wish  to  study  Koch's  arrangement  will  find  it  given  at  length  in 
the  Arb,  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  p.  1486.  and  1633.,  in  which  is  also  given  the  arrange- 
ment of  Hooker.  Our  descriptions  in  this  abridgement  are  necessarily  exceed- 
ingly brief,  and  we  must,  therefore,  refer  the  reader  who  wishes  to  enter  into 
the  subject  at  length  to  our  1st  edition,  in  which  p.  14s53.  to  p.  1636.  are  occu- 
pied with  the  genus  SkWx,  In  the  present  edition,  through  the  kindnes  of 
Mr.  Borrer,  we  have  indicated  the  principal  species  which  represent  eadi 
group,  immediately  after  the  characteristic  feature  of  that  group. 

Group  i.     Purpurea!  Koch,  Borrer. 

Monftndne  is  Che  name  adopted  for  thit  eroup  In  Hook.  Br.  Fl...  ed.  8. ;  but  Mr.  Borrer  cfloiMm 
PttrpQre*  preferable,  because  it  U  taken,  like  tne  name  of  each  of  the  other  groups  in  thit  arrvf^- 
meni,  from  the  name  of  a  specie*  Included  in  that  group.  PurpOrea;,  too,  is  ttie  name  giT«fl  ^ 
Koch  to  the  same  group. 

Osier  WU/otPs,  ivith  one  Stamen  in  a  Flotver,    The  principal  species,  according 

to  Mr.  Borrer,  are  1.  4.  and  6. 


^ 

n 

Filament  I ,  bearing  an  anther  of  4  lobes  and  4  cells  ;  or,  in  S,  rubra,  forked, 
and  each  branch  bearing  an  anther  of  2  lobes  and  2  cells.  Germen  sessile. 
Catkins  very  compact.  —  Trees  of  low  stature,  or  shrubs  with  tviggj 
branches,  and  leaves  that  are  more  or  less  lanceolate,  and  serrated,  and  often 
broader  upwards.  Interior  part  of  the  bark,  in  most,  yellow,  and  very  bitter 
(Hook,  Br>,  FL)  The  leaves  of  nearly  all  of  the  kinds  of  this  group  turn 
black  in  drying.  The  inner  bark  of  most  of  the  kinds  included  in  this  groap 
is  extremely  bitter,  which  renders  the  plants  suitable  for  banks  of  rirers, 
and  other  places  which  are  infested  by  rats,  as  the  bitterness  prevents  the$e 

«  animals  from  eating  it. 

A  \.  S.  purpu'rba  L.     The  purple  Willow. 

Identificathn.    Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  1444. ;  Eng,  FL,  4.  p.  187. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  cd.  3.,  p.  417. 

The  Scxen.    Both  sexes  are  fif^ured  in  Eng.  Bot.,  and  are  In  cultivation  In  tome  English  coiicctioak 

$jfnomfmf.    #.  purpurea  Kock  Comm.  p.  25. 

Engravings,    Eng.  Bot,  t.  1318.  ;  Ilayne  Abblld.,  t.  169. ;  our  A?.  143X  ;  aodj^.  1.  la  p.  791. 


Lxviii,  salicaceje:  salix^.  747 

Spec.  Char^  S^.  Branches  trailing,  decumbent.  LeaTes 
partly  apposite,  obovate-lanceolate,  seiratei),  very  smooth, 
narrow  at  the  base.  Stamen  1.  Stigmas  very  ahurt, 
ovate,  nearly  sessile.  (SmtlA.)  A  shrub.  Britain.  Height 
3  ft.  to  4  rt.  in  a  wild  state  ;  5  f^.  in  cultivation.  Flowers 
yellow ;   March  and  April ;  earlier  than  the  folioge. 

VarieHet.    Koch,  in  his  De  SalicJnu  Europieit  Comiiiffnlalio, 
has  described  six;   but  he   includes   the   S.  helix   and 
Lambertiani  (to  be  described  as  species  below)  as  two 
of  them.     See  Arb.  Brit.,  Ist  edit. 
Branches  of  a  rich  and  shining  purple,  with  a  somewhat 

glaucous  hue,  and  much  esteemed  for  the   finer  sorts  of      i«u.  ■.iwvim. 

bnsketHork. 

«  1  8.  S.  HB'Lix  L.     The  Helix,  or  Rou,  Willow. 

/dtntfUcnfiM.    Lin.  SfL  PI.,  I4M.  i  Eni.  FL,  t.  p,  IM. :  Hmk.  Br.  Fl..  ed.  3..  p.  U1. 
Symmi/iia.    S.   purpHram  nr.  XOct  Ownn.  p.  35, ;  ?  S,  oppaitliraili  HotI  Sal.  Amir.  1.  p.  II. 

h»HiI.  IbBf  Mro  much  loo  Ibtek.  Mr.  Botrer  having  only  wen  tni  maie  of  S.  hilli,  uid  tlw 
ZMgrapingl.    Eng.  6oX.,  U  1S43,,  the  nule  plant ;  llAj-ne  Abbll*!.,  t.  LTO.  ;  mai^.  i.  In  p.  T91 

^xc.  Char.,  SfC,  Branches  erect.  Leaves  partly  opposite,  oblong-lanceolale, 
pointed,  slightly  serrated,  very  smooth  ;  linear  towards  the  base.  Stamen 
I.  Style  nearly  as  long  as  the  linear  divided  stigmas,  (Smilh.)  A  low, 
upright,  deciduous  tree.  Britain.  Height  10 ft.  to  12ft.  Flowers  yellow; 
Itlarch  and  April. 

Branches  smooth,  polished,  of  n  pale  yellowish  or  purplish  ash  colour, 
tough,  and  pliable;  less  slender  and  elongated  than  those  of  S.  purpitrea, 
though  useful  for  the  coarser  sorts  of  liaaketwork.  The  branches  which  arc 
yellow,  an<l  the  mode  of  growth,  which  is  erect,  render  this  species  easily 
<listinguishHl>ie  from  the  preceding.  The  name  rose-willow  relates  to  rose- 
like  expansions  at  the  ends  of  the  branches,  which  are  caused  by  the  depo- 
sition of  the  egg  iif  a  ej'nips  in  the  summits  of  the  twigs,  in  consequence  of 
which  they  shoot  out  into  numerous  leaves,  totally  different  in  shape  from  the 
other  leaves  of  the  tree,  and  arranged  not  much  unlike  tho^e  composing  the 
flower  of  a  rose,  adhering  to  the  stem  even  after  the  others  fall  off:  on  this 
account  this  is  a  very  desirable  species. 

«  3.  S.  LAMBtmu'iiA  Smith.     Lambert's,  or  lie  Boston,  Willow. 

Id.rnlfficalim.    Smith  Enj  Fl.,  *.  p.  IM.  j  Hooh.  Br.  Fl,  ri.  I  p.  <17. 

Tit  Stia.  Both  are  fliured  In  £>«.  Boi.  ud  SiU.  Wat.  Mr.  Borrer  hu  onl;  HOI  tka  female  nt 
thii.  and  the  male  of  5.  h«ii.  and  Ihlnhi  Iher  are  the  two  icia  o/  one  IptdEI. 

E.^™**'-    EntBo«..l.  Ll».i  Sal.Wob.,Ko.S.iandj((.3.lnp.rei. 

Sprc.  CAar.,  ^c.  Branches  ereet.  Leaves  partly  opposite,  ohovate-lanceolate, 
pointed,  serrated,  smooth  ;  rounded  at  the  base.  Stipules  none.  Stamen  I. 
Stigmas  ovate,  obtuse,  notched,  very  short,  nearly  sessile.  (Smi/h.)  A  low 
tree,  of  the  aize  and  habit  of  S.  helix,  but  very  distinct  from  it  at  first 
ai?ht,  particulnrl^  in  the  tender  summits  of  the  young  growing  branches, 
which,  with  their  purplish  glaucous  hue,  and  some  degree  of  downiness, 
resemble  those  of  a  honeysuckle. 

•  4.  5.  W00LI.CAI1W.V.*  Borr.     Woollgar's  Willow. 

/rfnuflfcnrton.    Borr.  In  Eng.  Bd.  aupp..  LSSSl.i  Hook.BMt.  Fl..ed,  t.  p.  <ir 
^nongm^'.    3  aitinindra  Sai.  71  ob.  No.  4.  ;  S.  moniodraTar.  Hflffin-  Hitt.  Soi.  1.  p.  31.  L  1.  f.  ]. 
TlH  Srtrt,     Tho  teimle  l>  llgured  in  Eng.  flW.  Supp.,  and  both  lelei  In  Sal.  Mot.  1  yet  Ml.  Borrer. 
to  hit  rliHidallnn  of  thil  kind,  pubtlihed  In  Enf.  Bol.  Su/tfi.,  tublcquenUf  to  the  publication  of 


748  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM, 

men  1.  Ovary  ovate,  very  pubescent,  sessile,  downy.  Stigmas  nearly 
sessile,  ovate,  scarcely  emarginate.  (Hook,)  An  erect  bush.  Height  6  ft 
to  8  ft.  England,  about  Lewes,  Sussex,  in  hosier  holts,  but  scarcely  wild; 
at  Kingston  upon  Thames,  apparently  wild.    Flowers  yellow  ;  May. 

A  very  beautiful  species, 
a  5.  S.  ToRBYA^NA  Smith.     Forby's  Willow,  or  the  fine  Basket  Osier. 

Identification.    Smith  Eng.  FL,  4.  p.  191.;  Hook.  Br.  FL,  ed.  3.,  p.  418. 

^monymft.    S.  f[«aa  Un.  Soc.  Trans.,  not  of  Hoff.  (Snu'tM) ;  S.  riibra  fi  Koch  Comm.  p.  27. 

The  Sexes.    The  female  is  described  In  Efuj.  Fl.^  and  Bgured  in  Eng.  Bot.     The  male  ii  not  knovn. 

Engravings.    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  1344. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  5. ;  M.  Abblld.,  1. 173. ;  and/Sg.  6.  in  p.  791. 

Spec,  C/iar,,  ^c.  Branches  erect.  Leaves  alternate,  with  small  stipules,  lanceo- 
late-oblong, with  shallow  serratures,  smooth,  rounded  at  the  base,  glaucous 
beneath.  Stamen  I.  Style  nearly  as  long  as  the  linear  divided  stigmas. 
(Smith.)  An  erect  deciduous  shrub.  England.  Height  5  ft.  to  8  ft.  Flowers 
yellow;  April. 

The  shoots  are  slender,  smooth,  very  flexible,  and  tough  ;  of  a  greyish  yellow, 
not  purple,  hue  ;  and  very  valuable  for  the  finer  sorts  of  wickerwork,  for 
basket-making,  and  For  bands  for  tying  faggots  and  packets. 

•  !t  6.  «Si.  RU^RA  Hudt,   The  red,  or  green4eaved.  Willow,  or  Oner. 

Identification.    Huds.  Fl.  Angl.,  p.  428. ;  Smith's  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  191. ;  Hook.  Br.  FI.,  ed.  3.,  p.  4IS. 
Synovupnes.    Tho  name  rQbra  seems  to  be  orislnaJly  given  to  5.  TitelUna,  a  reddish  [?tviggMt] 

Tariety  of  which  was  confounded  with  S.  rtibVa  Huds. ,  S.  lineirii  IValker's  Essays  p.  467.,  oa 

the  authority  of  Borrer. 
ne  Sexes.    Both  are  described  in  Eng.  Ft. ;  and  the  female  is  figured  in  Eng.  Bot.  and  SaL  Woh. 
Engravings.    Eng.  Bot.,  1. 1145. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  6. ,  and  our^.  6.  in  p.  792. 

Spec.  Char,,  S^c,  Stamens  combined  below  in  a  manner  which  afli)rds  a  cha^ 
racter  in  which  it  differs  from  all  other  British  kinds  of  willow,  except  5. 
Croweana,  and  from  nearly  all  the  foreign  kinds.  Mr.  Borrer,  however,  has 
observed  the  same  thing  occasionally  in  S,  fusca,  and  in  several  of  the  Ci- 
nereae.  '*  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  elongate,  acute,  smooth,  with  shallow 
serratures  ;  green  on  both  sides.  Stigmas  ovate,  undivided.**  (Snuth.)  A 
large  shrub  or  low  tree.  England,  in  low  meadows  and  osier  holts,  as  at 
Maidenhead,  &c.,  but  rare  ;  in  Scotland,  frequent  in  hedges  and  osier 
grounds.     Height  10  ft.  to  20  ft.     Flowers  yellow  ;  May  and  April 

One  of  the  most  valuable  osiers  in  cultivation,  for  bands,  crates,  basketwork 
or  wickerwork,  and  even  small  hoops. 

Group  ii.     Acutifblice  Borrer.    (Syru  Pruinosae  Koch) 
Willows  with  dark  Bark,  covered  with  a  fine  Bloom,  Principal  species,  7,  8. 


m 


Stamens  2,  dbtinct.  —  Tall  shrubs,  or  becoming  trees.  Bark  of  the  branches 
and  shoots  of  a  dark  colour  ;  that  of  the  branches  suffused  with  a  whitish 
matter,  which  is  the  character  implied  by  Koch*s  term  Pruinoss.  This 
matter  is  easily  rubbed  off.  The  bark  is  internally  yellow,  as  in  Group  i. 
Foliage  of  a  lively  green.  Leaves  lanceolate,  acuminately  pointed,  serrate, 
glossy  ;  in  many  instances,  downy  when  young,  subsequently  glabrous. 
Ovary  and  capsule  sessile,  or  nearly  so. 

m  It  1,  S,  acutifo'lia  WiUd.     The  pointed-leaved  Willow. 

Identification.    Willd.  Sp.  PL,  4.  p.  668. ;  Koch  Comm..  p.  23. 

Synonyme.    S.  violicea  Andr.  Bot.  Rep.  t.  -581 . ;  but  not  5.  vioUcea  WiUd.,  nor  the  5.  efcfpka  Haei. 

(n'i/td.) 
The  Sexes.    The  male  i>  figured  in  Sai.  Wob.\  and  Is,  perhaps,  the  only  one  coltiTated  In  British 

coUcctionf .    Koch  has  implied  that  the  female  was  unknown  to  him  in  any  state. 
Engravings.    Andr.  Bot.  Rep.,  581. ;  Sal.  V^ob.,  No.  25. ;  and  our^.  25.  in  p.  794. 

Spec,  Char.,  6^c.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  acuminated,  smooth,  with  blunt 
unequal  serratures,  glaucous  beneath.  Catkins  of  the  male  about  1  io. 
long.  (IVilld.)     A  small  tree.  Podolia.    Height  10ft.  to  15ft  Introduced 


Lxviii.  salica^ceje:  sa\ix.  749 

previously  to   1810.     Flowers  yellow  ;  March  and  April,  before  the  ex- 
pansion of  ihe  leaves. 

Branches  dark  violet-coloured,  slender,  upright,  and  covered  all  over  with  a 
whitish  powder,  like  the  bloom  of  a  plum.    A  very  beautiful  species. 

1  8.  S.  DAPHNoi'DES  VUiors,     The  Daphne-like  WiUow. 

Identification.    Yill.  Dauph.,  3.  p.  7(>5. ;  Koch  Comm.,  p.  83. 

Synonywes.  S.  pra*^cox  Hoppe  m  Sturm  D.  Fl.  I.  26. ;  S.  blgfiromii  Hqffln.  Germ,  2.  p.  260.  j  S. 
cindrea  Host  Sal.  Atutr.  1.  p.  8.  t  26,  27.  Mr.  Borrer,  in  a  letter,  has  remarked  that  Smith  has 
erroneously  cited,  in  his  Flora  Brit.,  S.  rfaphnoldet  Villars  as  a  sjnonyme  of  5.  ciiidrea  Smith  \  and 
that  this  has  led  Koch  to  cite  S.  cindrea  Smith  as  a  synonyme  of  5.  rfaphncddes  ViUars. 

The  Sexes.    Both  sexes  are  figured  in  Sad.  Wob.^  and  in  Host  Sal.  Atutr. 

Engravingi.  ViU.  Dauph.,  3.  t.  60.  f.  7.  Vor  3.  t.  6.  f.  2. ;  HoK  Sal.  Aust.,  1.  t.  26,  27. ;  our  Jig, 
1434.  in  p.  750. ;  and^.  2C.  hi  p.  796. 

Sjj^c.  Char^  S^c,  .Leaves  broadly  lanceolate,  and  pointed,  with  glandular  ser- 
ratures,  smooth,  glaucous  beneath.  Catkins  appearing  before  the  leaves. 
Ovary  sessile,  ovate,  smooth.  Style  elongated,  (^i//.}  A  rapid-growing 
tree,  with  dark  greyish  branches,  slightly  covered  with  a  powder,  or  bloom^ 
similar  to  that  of  S,  acutifolia  ;  the  branches  ascending  obliquely.  Swit-^ 
zerland  and  the'  South  of  France.  Height  25  ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in 
1820.     Flowers  yellow,  from  large  crimson  buds  in  February. 

A  very  ornamental  species,  as  appears  by  the  engraving  in  the  following  page, 
i  9.  S,  POHERA^NiCA  WUid.     The  Pomeranian  Willow. 

Identification.    Willd.  Enum.  Supp.,  66. ;  Forbes  In  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  168. 

Sjfnonymr.    S.  daphndldes  ViliarM,  Tar.  with  narrower  leaves,  and  more  slender  catkins.  {Koch 

Comm.  p.  23.)    Mr.  Borrer,  in  his  manuscript  list  of  grouped  species,  has  indicated  it  as  bein^ 

probably  a  vviety  of  5.  daphnoldes. 
The  Setes.    The  female  is  described  in  Sal.  Wob. 

Spec.  C/iar,f  Sfc,  Leaves  lanceolate,  tapering  at  both  extremities,  serrated  ; 
smooth  and  shining  above,  glaucous  underneath.  Stipules  ovate,  serrated ; 
their  margins  generally  revolute.  Catkins  about  1  in.  long.  Ovary  ovate, 
smooth.  Style  longer  than  the  piuted  stigmas.  (fTt//^.)  A  rapid-growing 
tree.  Pomerania.  Height  20  ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1822.  Flowers 
yellow  ;  Februaiy  and  March. 

The  branches  are  long,  smooth,  round,  shifting,  and  copiously  covered  with 
small  yellow  dots :  the  preceding  year's  shoots  are  covered  with  a  violet- 
coloured  powder,  similar  to  that  on  the  shoots  of  S,  acutifolia. 

Group  iii.     Triandrce  Borrer.     (Syn.  ^mygdalinae  Koch,) 
Otier  Willows,  with  three  Stamens  in  a  Flower,    Prin.  sp.  14, 15. 


Jl 


M\±i 


Stamens  3  Leaves  lanceolate,  approaching  to  ovate,  seriated,  glabrous* 
having  large,  rounded,  toothed^  more  or  less  deciduous,  stipules.  Flowers 
loosely  disposed  in  the  catkin.  Pistil  stalked.  Ovary  mostly  glabrous.  — 
Most  of  the  kinds  constitute  excellent  osiers,  and  become  trees  if  left  to 
themselves.  (^Hook,)  The  kinds  may  be  denominated,  generally,  the  osiers 
with  3  stamens  in  a  flower.  Most,  or  all,  when  in  the  state  of  larger  shrubs 
and  trees,  have  their  older  bark  exfoliated  in  broad  patches,  as  in  /'latanus 
occidentalis  L,  and  P.  orientalis  L.  Most,  or  all,  are  ornamental  as  shrubs, 
for  their  lanceolate,  glossy,  serrated  leaves,  and  their  flowers. 

If  *   10.  5.  undula'ta  Koc/i,  Hooker.     The  yfavy-leaved  Willow. 

Identification.    Koch  Coram.,  p.  2<)  ;  Uook.  Fl.  Br.,  ed.  3.,  p.  419. ;  ?  Hayne  Abbild,  p.  23a 
Synonffmes.    Koch  has  cited  as  identical  with,  or  included  In,  S.  undulita,  the  following  kinds  :— 

S.  undulata  Ehrh. ;  5.  lanceoUta  Smith. 
The  Seres.    The  female  is  figured  in  Eng.  Bot.,  t.  1436. ;  and  is  described  in  Eng.  Fl. 
Engravings.    Eug.  Bot.,  t.  1436. ;  ourjig.  1435. ;  aadfigs.  13.  and  14.  in  p.  793. 

Spec,  Char,,  Src  Leaves  lanceolate,  acuminate  through  much  of  their 
length,  serrulate  at  the  tip,  and  minutely  crenulate  at  the  base ;  at  first 


ARBORETUM  XT  FRUTICETUH   BRITANNtCUH. 


LXVllI.    S'ALICaVEA  :    SA^LIX. 

pibescent,  but  becoming  glabrous  ;  wavy  at  the  edge,  or  i 
not.  Stipules  hHlf-heart-shaped.  Catkin  peduncled  upon 
a  leafy  twiglet.  Bractta  bearded  at  the  tip.  Stamens  3. 
Capsule  ovate-conical,  more  or  lees  pubescent  or  gla- 
brous, stalked  ;  the  stalk  twice  the  length  of  the  gland. 
Style  elongated.  Stigmas  bifid,  (^oe*.)  A  bushy  tree. 
Germany  and  En^and,  on  the  banks  of  streams.  Height 
13ft.tol5ft.     Ho wera  yellow  ;  April  and  May,  ua'.' s.„«iuaa. 

T  *  S.  u.  2.   S.  undulata  Forbei  in  Sal.   IVob.  No.  13. 

T  •  S.  u.  3.     5.    LinceoUia   S„^h   Eng.   Bot.   t.  1436.,  E1.3.  Ft.  i.  v. 

p.  I6fl..  Forbn  in  Sal.  Wob.  No.  14. 
X  •  S.  u.  having  the  catkins  androgynous. — S.  undulata  occurs  in  ibii 
cave.  i£och  Comni.  p.  20.) 
•  U.S.  mppoPHABFo'nA  J^uiUier.     The  Sea-Buckthorn-leaved  Willow,  w 
Oitf,  described  in  our  Ixt  edit.,  does  not  appear  to  be  introduced. 
A  1  12.  S.  tkia'ndra  L.     The  S-Mamened^/IouwmJ  Willow,  or  Oner. 


752  ARBORETUM    ET  FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 

Identification.    Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  144S.  \  Eng.  FU  4.  p.  166. ;  Hook.  Fl.  Br.,  ed.  S.,  p.  419. 

Synonyme.    8.  amygdilina, part  of,  Koch  Comm.  p.  19. 

The  Sexeg.    Both  sexes  are  figured  io  Eng.  Bot  and  Sal,  Wob. 

Engravings.    Eng.  Bot,  t.  1435i ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  15. ;  owjig.  1436. ;  vadjlg.  15.  u  p.  793 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Leaves  linear- oblong,  serrated,  glabrous,  rather  unequall* 
sloping  at  the  base.  Stamens  3.  Ovary  stalked,  ovate,  compressed,  gla- 
brous. Stigmas  nearly  sessile.  Bractea  (or  scale)  clothed  externally  with 
fine,  long,  spreading,  more  or  less  plentiful  hairs.  Bractea  glabrous.  {Hotk. 
and  Smilh.)  An  upright  tree.  Britain,  in  wet  woods  and  osier  grounds. 
Height  20  ft.  to  30  ft.     Flowers  yellow  ;  May. 

Leaves  always  perfectly  glabrous.  Extensively  cultivated  for  the  long 
tough  rods  which  it  produces  when  cut  down,  which  are  in  frequent  use  for 
wickerwork,  hoops,  &c. 

Varieties. 

*  4  S.  ^  2  gdilica.     The  French  Willow.— So  called,  and  cultivated, in 

Sussex,  and  the  eastern  parts  of  England. 
Ill  S  S.  ^.  3  Hoppeknsi.  S.  androgyna  Hoppe.  —  Characterised  by  having 

some  catkins  composed  partly  of  male  and  partly  of  female  flowers. 
it  1  S.  t,  4.     S.  triandra  undulata  Mertent,  ined. —  Approaches  to  S. 

aroygdalina. 

A  5f  13.  S.  HoFFMANN/^\v^  Smith.     Hoffmann's  Willow,  or  Osier. 

Iden^fication.    Smith  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  168. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  3.,  p.  420. 

Synonytue.  S.  triindra  Hoffht.,  S.  Hoffman niiina  Sm.,  seems  to  be  the  S.  triindra  of  Germu  bo- 
tanists in  general. 

Tkf  Srxeg.  The  male  Is  figured  in  £1^.  Bot.  Swml.  and  in  SaL  Wob. ;  a  notice  relattre  to  vlut  w< 
been  regarded  as  the  female  is  given  in  Eng.  Flora. 

Engravings.    Hoff.  Sal.,  1. 1.  9,  10.,  and  33.  t  2. ;  Eng.  Bot.  Suppl..  t  262a  ;  and;^.  16.  in  p.  794 

Spec,  Char. J  Sfc.  Leaves  ovate-oblong,  serrated,  smooth,  slightly  rounded  at 
the  base.  Stamens  3.  Ovary  stalked,  ovate,  compressed,  glabrous.  Sm* 
iiias  nearly  sessile.  (Sutith.)  A  much-branched  deciduous  shrub,  or  crooked 
tree.  Britain,  in  Sussex,  on  the  sides  of  streams.  Height  6  ft  to  \i^ 
Flowers  yellow  ;  May. 

1  14.  5*.  i<MY6DA^LiNA  L.     The  Almond-Jeaved  Willow,  or  Osier. 

Identification.    Lin.  Sp.  FL,  1443. ;  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  169. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  3.,  p.  4U. 

Synonyme.    S.  amygd&lina,  part  of,  KocM  Comm.  p.  18. 

7kf  Sexes.    Both  sexes  are  figured  in  Eng.  Bot.  and  SaL  Wob. 

Engravings.    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  1^. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  18. }  our  J^g.  1487. ;  and^.  18.  la  p.  794. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  serrated,  glabrous,  rounded,  and  unequal  at 
the  ba.se.  Stamens  3.  Ovary  ovate,  compressed,  smooth  ;  its  stalks  aliDOSt 
as  long  as  the  bractea.  Stigmas  nearly  sessile.  Young  branches  furrowed. 
Down  of  the  seeds  shorter,  and  less  abundant,  than  in  S.  triandra.  A 
tree.  Britain,  on  the  banks  of  rivers  and  ditches.  Height  ^Oft.  to  30  ft. 
Flowers  yellow  ;  April  and  May,  and,  for  the  second  time,  in  August 

It  15.  S.  Vili^arsiaWa  FlUgge  et  Willd.     Villars's  Willow,  or  Osier. 

Identification.    Fluggp  in  Litt.,  quoted  in  Wllld.  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  655. ;  Smith  in  Recs's  CytU  >'ftO 
Synunymes.    S.  triandra  ViUart  Deiph.  3.  p.  762. ;  S.  amygdJiUna  var.  Koch  Cotnnt.  p.  IS. 
The  Sexes.    Both  sexes  are  described  by  Willd. ;  and  the  mole  is  figured  in  SaL  Wob. 
Engravings.    Sal.  Wob.,  No.  i7.  j  ssihjig.  17.  io  p.  794. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  elliptical,  rounded  at  the  base,  pointed  at  the  tip, 
serrated,  whitely  glaucous  beneath.  Catkins  appearing  with  the  leatiS- 
Flowers  triandrous.  Ovar}'  pedicellated,  ovate,  smooth.  Stigmas  sessile 
(Wil/d.)  A  shrub,  with  dark  violet-coloured,  .shining  branches.  Dauphine- 
Introduced  in  1818.     Height  5  ft.  to  14  ft.     Flowers  yellow  ;  April. 

Ornamental  from  its  abundant  blossoms  in  early  spring,  and  from  its  re- 
markably neat  serrated  leaves.  (See  Jig.  17.  in  p.  794.) 


Lxviii.  Silica Ve*;;  sa'lix. 


754 


ARBORETUM  £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


Group  iv.     Pent&ndra  Borrer. 
Treei  having  Flowert  mth  3—5  Stamens,     Prin.  sp.  16,  17,  aod  18. 


^ 


m 


Stamens  in  a  flower  more  than  3,  in  most  instances  5.  Ovary  gUbrous.  -> 
The  plants  trees  of  moderate  size.  Leaves  large,  glossy,  fragrant,  serrated, 
and  having  glands  in  the  serratures,  from  which  a  resin  exudes.  Stamens 
in  each  catkin  so  numerous  and  long,  as  to  render  the  flowers,  which,  too, 
are  in  perfection  at  the  same  time  as  the  foliage,  quite  handsome,  and  the 
trees,  m  this  condition,  more  ornamental  than  those  of  any  other  group. 
(Hook.) 

9^  16.  S.  penta'ndra  L.    The  five-stamened^/fotcvrr^f  Willow. 

Idtniifieation.    Lin.  Sp.  PI..  1442. ;  Eng.  FL,  4.  p.  171. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  3.,  p.  430. 
Synanymea.    8.  pentindra,  part  of,  Koch  Comm.  p.  13. :  the  iweet  Willow,  or  Bay-Ieared  Willov. 
The  Sexes.    Both  sexes  are  figured  in  Sal  fVob.  and  Uayne's  JbbiU.,  sod  the  male  in  Eng  Sot^ 

with  two  views  of  an  ovarr. 
Engravings.    Kng.  Bot.,  t.  ISOSl  ;  Host  Austr.,  1. 1. 1.  £  S. ;  o«ir>^.  1438. ;  und/lg.  34.  in  p.  798. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c  Leaves  ovate,  pointed,  crenate,  glandular,  glabrous.  Foot- 
stalks glandular  at  the  summit.  Stamens  5  or  more,  hairy  at  the  base. 
Ovarv  ovate,  tapering,  smooth,  nearly  sessile.  (Sal, 
Woh/i  An  upright  tree.  Britain,  on  the  banks 
of  rivers  and  in  watery  places.  Height  18  ft.  to  20  ft. 
Flowers  yellow ;  June. 

The  flowers  are  remarkably  fragrant,  as  are  the 
leaves,  especially  when  bruised  :  the  fragrance,  which 
is  similar  to  that  of  the  sweet  bay  (jLaiirus  n6bilis), 
but  less  powerful,  is  exuded  from  the  resinous  crena- 
tures  of  tne  leaves,  and  firom  the  barren  catkms.  It  is 
one  of  the  most  desirable  species  of  the  genus  for 
planting  in  pleasure-grounds,  on  account  of  the  fine 
display  made  by  the  blossoms,  their  profusion,  their 
abundant  fragrance,  the  smooth,  shining,  rich  deep  green 
of  the  leaves,  and  the  comparatively  slow  growth  and 
compact  habit  of  the  tree. 

Variety. 

It  8.  p.  2  hermaphroditica.  — Catkins  more  or  less  hermaphrodite. 

I  17.  S.  yiRY^fLiXNA  Willd.     Meyer's  Willow. 

Jdentifleatkm.    Willd.  Berl.  Baums.,  p.  497. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  8.,  p.  421. 

^fnoMimet.    S.  caipidita  Sehvitz ;  S.  tin<^ria  Smith ;  8.  pentftndra  fi  Lhm. ;  5.  hezindrs  Bkrk  ; 

8,  Qirhart/aiM  Smith  ;  8.  tetrfadra  WiUd. 
The  Seje$.    The  male  is  figured  in  Hayne's  AbbUd.    The  tanale  It  mentioned  in  XocA  Comm^  and 

Hooker's  Br.  Fl,  ed.  3.,  p.  481. 
Engrmfingt.    Hayne  Abbild.,,  L  162. ;  oar^.  1439. ;  and>^.  33.  in  p.  798. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate-elliptic,  pointed,  glabrous ;  green  and  shinine 
above,  rather  pale  beneath  but  not  glaucous  r  serrated  ;  the  serratures  of 
the  young  leaves  dandular.  Stipules  soon  falling  ofl'l  Stamens  3 — 4. 
Bractea  obtuse,  yellow.  (Willd.)  A  handsome  tree,  with  brownish  smooth 
branches,  and  large  broad  shining  leaves.  Pomerania  and  Sweden,  in 
meadows,  and  woody  and  marshy  places.  Height  20  ft.  to  30  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1822.     Flo\Kers  yellow  ;  April. 

Mr.  Borrer  states  that  the  insertion  of  this  kind  m  Hook.  Br.  Fl^  ed.  3., 
as  a  native  of  Britain,  arose  from  a  mistake  of  his.  (See  Bonrer  in  Comp.  to 
Bot.Mag.^  p.  225.) 

*t  16.  S.  LUPOID  A  Miihlenb.     The  shining4nit)«(/  Willow. 

Uenti/leaHon.    MGhlenb.  Nor.  Act.  Soc.  Nat.  Scnit.  Berol.,  4.  p.  2*11  t.  6.  f.  7.s  Pttnh  Fl.  Amt. 

Sept,  8.  p.  613. ;  Michx.  North  Amer.  Sylra,  3.  p.  81. 
Spnonyme.    8.  Forb^sii  Sweet  Hort.  Brit.  ed.  18801 


1«SS.    8. 


Lxviii.  mlica'ce*:  ^a'lix. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNIfl'M, 


^>ec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  serrated,  elabroii* ;  ahining  above, 
pale  beneath  j  the  aerraturea  resinous.  Footstalts  glandular.  Stipule 
large,  half-heart-ehaped,  serrated,  and  fumislied  with  glands.  Catkins  of 
the  male  I^  in.  long,  or  more.     Stamens  3—5,  bearded  at  ihe  baie.  {Sal. 


Lxviii.  5alica'cE£:  Sa'i.ix.  757 

fVob.)  A  bandsume  low-groiring  tree,  with  the  branches  or  the  preceding 
year  of  a  grejish  green  colour  and  smooth,  and  the  young  twigs  of  a 
yellowish  green,  somewhat  striated  or  angular  at  the  points.  Switzerland, 
and,  perhap,  North  AmericiL  Introduced  in  1812.  Height  20  ft  to  30  ft. 
Flowers  yellow  ;  April  and  May. 

Group  V.     Frigiles  Borrer. 
Treet,  idtk  their  Twigt  amliy  MOU  at  the  JmiUt.     Prin.  sp.  19.  ii.  and  24. 


^fflaaa 


a  flower.  Ovary  glubrous,  elongated,  seated  upon  a  more  or 
less  obvious  stalk.  Flowers  very  loosely  disposed  in  the  catkin.  Leaves 
lanceolate,  serrated,  glabrous,  stipuled.  The  plants,  trees  of  considerable 
aie.  (Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  e&.  2.,  adapted.) 

i   19.  ^.  babtlo'n[c*.     The  Babylonian,  or  uwcpn^,  WiUow. 

UnMcaUtm.     Ltn.  Sp.  PI.,  mi  ;  Smith  In  Rm'i  CrclD.,  No-  41,  ;  Koch  Connn.,  p.  IT. 
iyiumvmet.    S.  proptDdeai  SrriTur.  StiL  Hel.  p.  73.  ;  5.  orlenUlll,  Ac.  Towm.  ;  S.  mriblci,  Ac,  C. 
^Baa*.  1  Siuli  pjsurnir.  PuudI  du  griiut  Seignf  ur.  fr. ;  Traiwr  Wnlde,  Thriintn  Wflil«,  Crr. 


&>ec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  lanceolate,  acuminate,  finely  serrated,  glafaroi 
glaucous  beneath.  Catkins  protruded  lit  the  same  time  db  the  lent 
Ovarv  ovate,  sessile, plabrona.  (Wild.)  A  pendiilous-branclicil  tree.  A 
on  ttic  bunks  ot  the  Etiphtates,  near  Btibylon,  whence  its  nauie  i  and   i 


■«M    ET   FRUTICETUM 

or  China,  and  other  parts  or  Asia  ;  and  of  Egypt,  and  other  parts  of  the 
North  of  Africa.  Height  39  ft.  to  50  ft.  Introduced  in  1730,  tx,  perhaps 
1698.     Flovera  greenish  yellow ;  Hay. 

F'urwfiM,  There  is  one  very  decided  Tariety,  cominonly  treated  u  a  ipedet 
under  the  name  of  S.  annularis ;  and  Mr.  Catties  of^the  Twickenham  Bo- 
tanic Garden  is  of  opinion  that,  excludve  of  this  variety,  there  are  two 
forms  of  the  species  in  the  country,  one  of  which  he  thioks  may  pos^Mf 
be  the  tnale  plant.  This  form,  as  it  appears  to  be  the  same  as  the  plant 
sent  fmai  St.  Helena,  we  shall,  till  something  further  has  been  decided 
respectii^  it,  call  S.  b.  Napotedno.  The  varietiea  will,  therefore,  stand  ti 
under :  — 

X  S.  6.  1  vulgdru^/rm,  Hort.  —  Young  shoots  pale  green,  slender,  with 
an  angular  twist  above  the  aiil  ol  each  leaf,  and  large  stiptltes.  It 
is  the  nose  common  weeping  willow  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Lon- 
don, and  flowers  in  June. 
1  8,b.2  NapoleoiOk  Hort.  —  Shoots  round,  generally  reddish,  end  the 
leaves  without  stipules.  Sei  female.  Probably  nothing  mon  thin 
the  common  variety.  Introduced  from  SL  Helena  in  'i  1S83. 
1   S.  £,  3   critpa   Hort,    S.  annularis    Forbei   in   Sai.   W(A.   No.  iU 


with  a  fig.  of  the  female  1  the  Ring-Icavcd  Wilbw.  Our^^.il.ia 
p.  7B4, }  and  the  plate  of  this  tree  in  Arb.  Brit,,  Istedit.,  voLvii.! 
and  our  fig.  1443.  —  Leaves  lanceolate,  acuminate,  senued,  curled 

■  or  twisted,  glabrous,  and  glaucous  beneath. 

A  well-known  ornamental  tree  in  universal  cultivation. 

J  20.  S.  BBci'piENs  Hoffm.  The  deceptive.  While  Wclth,  or  wtrmhed,  Willo«. 

jMnllflatiim.    Huff.  3l].,2,B.l.I,  11.1  Eng,  Fl.,4,  p.  LMi  Hcnk.  B 
• "  -racrliu  Waatr  Start  on  .Vnt  ftfit ;  S.  tiigal,.  gwi 


^on.VaLHIiL;  S.titfKlt.fmn  at.  Kot*  Camm.j.)i. 
In  £nf.  Fl,;  Un  nule  !•  Snind  )□  fiiH.9iH.uid  Sal.  IfaL 
:iiK.  dot.,  L  lftI7.  j  our;^.  IMI- ;  •aiJt.  B.  f.  m. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^.     Leaves  lanceolate,  pointed,  semUed,  very  smooth  ;  AonI 


LXVIIl.   5ALlCACEiE:    5A  LtX. 

one*  partly  obOTBte  and  fecurved.  FootBtalka  wnie-  i 
what  slandular.  Ovary  tapering,  Btalked,  NDOOth. 
Style  lon^  tban  the  cloven  Btigmss.  Brsnchea 
Emootli,  hi^ly  poJiihed.  (//o^.)  Ad  upright,  but 
not  lofty  tree,  diatinguuhed  by  the  smooth  clay-  { 
■oloured  bark  of  the  last  year's  branches,  which  shine  ' 
dke  porcelain,  as  if  varniahed  ;  the  shoots  of  tlie 
present  year  bdng  stained  of  a  fine  red  or  crimaon. 
Britain.  Height  30  ft.  to  40  ft.  Flowers  yellow ;  May. 
Frequently  cultivated  for  basketwork  ;  but  it  well  de- 
•eirea  a  place  in  omameiita]  planlstions,  from  the  re- 
markable appearance  of  its  bark  during  winter. 


f  ai. 


MONTANA  Forbei,  the  Mountain  WiMov  (Jig.  19.  in  p.  794.), 
scribed  in  our  6rst  edition,  p.  \5ib. 

iS.  S.  FRi'QiLis  L.     The  brittle-iusgged,  or  Crock',  WiWov. 

I.iD.  sn  PL,  IMS,  I  Rds.  F1..4.  p.  ISOLi  Hook.  Bi,  FI..  ad.  S.,  p.4a]. 
I.  Mgllli,  In  pvt.  Kxh  (kmtm.  p.  11. 

"' '"'^i ■"'"' 


Svmm^ne. 
SriL,  ]«  adit.  ,  uul  oaTjg.  I4M. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^i'..  Leaves  ovate-laiiceulute,  pointed,  serrated  throughout,  very 
glabrous.  Footstalks  glandular.  Ovary  ovate,  abrupt,  nearly  sessile,  gla- 
brous. Bracteaa  oblong,  about  equal  to  the  stamens  aad  pistils.  Stigmas 
cloven,  longer  than  the  style.  (5niiM.)  A  tall  bushy-headed  tree,  irith  the 
branches  set  on  obliquely,  someM-bat  crossing  each  other,  not  continued  in  a 
Htraigbt  line  outwards  from  the  trunk  ;  by  which  character,  Sir  J.  E.  Smith 
observea,  it  may  readily  be  distinguished  even  in  winter.  Britain ;  common 
in  hedges.     Height  80  ft.  to  00  ft.     Flowers  yellow ;  April  and  Uay. 


/oil  AKBORETUH    ET   FBUIICETUM    BRIT. 

The  branches  are  round,  very  smooth,  "  and  bo  brilllc  at  the  tww,  in 
ipring,  that  with  the  slightest  blow  they  start  Train  the  trunk  ; "  whence  the 
name  of  crack  willow  :  tboij|h,  accortling  to  Sir  J.  E.  Smith,  this  ia  more 
or  less  the  case  with  S.  decfpieni,  and  sererel  other  species  of  willows,  both 

T  23.  S.  monspeub'nsis  Forbrt  (Jig.  30.  in  p.  797.),  the  MoDtpeUer  Willow. 
is  described  in  our  Ist  edit.,  p.  1517. 

I  34.  S.  RvassLUA^NA  Smith.     Tlie  Russell,  or  Duke  o/SedJbnTi,  Willow. 

UnlUkalim.    Knf.Yi^t.t.lK.y,  Hook.  Br.  Pl..eda.. 
Spoimpmtl.    ?  S.  ri*|IILi  H^oHw.  ;  t)»  Dlibt  '    ' 


.TCridltfMwi 


t.  IW8.;  0U.Tjig.lUi.; 


S/'rr.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  lanceolate,  tapcrinj;  at  each  end,  serrated  throughout, 
very  ):tabrous.  Fuotslalks  glandular  or  leafy.  Ovary  tapering,  staikoli 
longer  than  the  bracteas.  Style  as  long  as  the  stigmas.  (Smiti.)  A  laije 
handsome  tree.  Britain,  in  marshy  woocis.  Height  80  ft.  to  90  ft.  Flowen 
yellowish ;  April   and   May. 


LXVIII.    5ALICA  CE/E  I    SA  LIX. 


761 


7  be  branches  are  long,  straight,  and  slender,  not  angular  in  their  insertion 
^e  those  of  S.  fra^ilis  ;  and  the  trees  of  both  species,  when  stripped  of 
their  leaves,  may  be  distinguished  respectively  by  these  marks.  The  cele- 
brated willow  at  Lichfield,  called  Johnson's  Willow,  of  which  two  portraits 
are  given  in  our  first  edition,  together  with  the  history  of  the  tree,  was 
of  this  species. 

!f  25.  S,  VvRsniA^NA  Borrer,  Pursh's  Willow,  is  described  in  our  first 

edition,  p.  1522. 

Group  vi,     yflba  Borrer. 

TYeet  of  the  largest  Size,  mth  the  Foliage  whitish,     Prin.  sp.  26.  and  27. 


Stamens  2  to  a  flower.  Ovary  glabrous.  Flowers  loosely  disposed  in  the 
catkin.  Leaves  lanceolate,  serrated  with  glanded  serrotures  ;  haiiT»  espe- 
cially while  young,  with  appressed  silky  hairs,  which  give  to  the  foliage  a 
light  or  whitish  hue.  —  Plants  trees  of  considerable  height.  (Hook.) 

t  26.  S.  a'lba  L,     The  whitish-leaved,  or  common  white.  Willow. 

Jdemiification.    Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  1449. ;  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  231. :  Hook.  Br.  Fl..  ed.  3. 
SvnonymeM.    S.  ilba,  part  of,  Koch  Cotttm.  p.  16. ;  the  Huntingdon,  or  Sw«llow-tailed,  Willow. 
i%e  Sexes.    Both  are  described  in  Eng.  FL,  and  both  figured  in  Eng.  Sot.  • 

Sngramngs.    Eng.  Hot.,  t.  2430. ;  Host  Sal.  Aust.,  1.  t.  32,  33. ;  the  plates  of  this  tr«e  in  Arb. 
Brit.,  1st  edit.,  Tol.  rii. ;  and  oar  Jlg».  1446,  1447. 

Spee.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  elliptic-lanceolate,  pointed,  serrated,  silky  on  both 
sides  ;  the  lowest  semitures  glandular.  Stamens  hairy.  Germen  sniooti), 
almost  sessile.  Stigmas  deeply  cloven.  Scales  notched.  (Snath,)  A 
large  tree.  Norway  and  Sweden,  to  the  Mediterranean  Sea  ;  North-East 
and  West  of  Asia ;  and  introduced  into  the  United  States.  Frequent  in 
Britain,  and  also  in  Ireland.    Height  50  fl.  to  80ft.     Flowers  yellow;  May. 

Varieties^ 

¥  S.  <i.  2  ccsrulea.  5.  &lba  var.  Smith  FL  Brit.  p.  1072.;  S.  cfieriilea 
Smith  Eng.JBot.  t.2431.  ;  S,  61ba  fi  Stnith  Eng.  Fl.  iv.  p.  231.;  the 
upland,  or  red-tinged,  Willow,  Pontey  Frvfit.  Planter,  4th  ed.,  18l4, 
p.  72.;  the  Leicester  Willow,  Davids  Agricultural  Chemistri/,  1st  ed.; 
Blue  Willow,  Sjttilh  ;  and  ourj%,  137.  in  p.  817. 

It  S.a.S  crixpa  llort. —  Leaves  narrow,  contorted  and  silky. 

5  S.  fl.  4  riisea  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  —  Aspect  reddish. 

In  the  North  of  Europe,  the  bark  of  this  tree  is  used  for  tanning  leather, 
and  for  dyeing  yarn  of  a  cinnamon  colour ;  and  the  leaves  and  young  shoots  are 
given  to  cattle  in  a  green  state,  or  dried  like  the  twigs  of  the 
birch,  and  laid  up  for  winter  fodder.  The  inner  bark,  like  that  of 
Scotch  pine,  bein<!:  kiln-^iried,  and  ground  into  a  fine  flour,  is 
mixed  with  oatmeal,  and,  made  into  bread,  in  seasons  of  great 
scarcity,  by  the  inhabitants  of  Norway  and  Kamtschatka.  The 
branches  of  the  tree  are  used  as  stakes,  poles,  handles  to 
rakes,  hoes,  and  other  implements,  and  as  faggot-wood  for  fiiel. 
The  timber  of  the  trunk  is  used  for  vanous  purposes.  It 
weighs,  in  a  green  state,  70  lb.  9  oz.  per  cubic  foot ;  half-dry, 
51  lb.  14oz. ;  and  quite  dry,  32  lb.  12  oz.;  so  as  to  lose  more  than 
one  half  of  its  weight  by  drying,  during  which  it  loses  a  sixteenth 
part  of  its  bulk.  It  is  found  un  excellent  lining  for  stone-carts, 
barrows,  &c.  It  is  used  in  turnery,  millwork,  coopery,  weather- 
boarding,  Ike. ;  and  the  stronger  shoots  and  poles  serve  for  making  hoops,  han- 
dles to  hay-rakes,  clothes-prop-s  (see  fig.  169.  Encyc.  ofCott.  Arch.),  and  various 
other  instruments  and  implements  ;  and  the  twigs  are  employed  in  wicker- 
work.    The  bark,  which  is  thick  and  full  of  cracks,  is  in  nearly  as  great  repute 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUK. 


for  tanning  as  that  of  the  oak ;  and  it  »  also  uk(|  id  medicine,  in  the  core 
of  agues,  as  a  substituie  for  cinchcna  ;  though  it  is  inferior  for  both  pv- 
pases  to  that  of  5.  Russelliiina.  Aa  fuel,  the  wood  of  this  tree  ia  to  th*t  oi 
the  beech  as  808  ia  to  1540;  but  the  old  bark  makes  a  very  useliil  fuel ;  iIkI 
both  it  and  the  wood  wilt  burn  when  ^reen,  in  which  state  the  wood  ia  nil 
to  give  out  most  heat.  The  charcoal  is  excellent  for  uac  in  the  manit&ccurc 
of  gunpowder,  and  for  crayons.  The  ashes  are  very  rich  in  alkali,  containnig 
more  Chan  a  tenth  part  of  their  weight  of  that  «alt.  In  France,  a  fine  blood- 
red  colour  ia  obtained  from  the  bark  ;  and  that  of  the  young  tree  is  used  in 
the  preparation  of  leather  for  making  gloves. 

It  is  justly  remarked  by  Mr.  (iorne,  thai  it  adds  much  to  the  value  of  iIk 
'^ulix  6lba,  that  its  propagation  and  culture  are  of  the  most  aimple  desoipcion, 
Hiid  that  it  will  grow  hixuriantly  in  most  soils  where  other  tre«s  make  but 
slow   progress.     According   to   Sang,  it  will  ihrivc   well   in   high  and  dij 


LXVIII.   ^ALICA  CEJB.  I   Sa\iK.  763 

grounds ;  and,  if  planted  in  the  grove  manner,  in  tolerably  good  soil,  perhaps 
no  other  plantation,  except  larches,  would  give  so  quick  a  return  for  the 
trouble  and  expense  of  planting. 

It  27.  S.  TiTELU^NA  Xr.    The  yolk-of-eg^oloured,  or  yellow.  Willow, 

or  Golden  Otier. 

Idenlifleation.    Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  1443. ;  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  182. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  8.,  p.  423. 
SMonyme.    S.  fiba  Koek  Camm,  p.  16. 

Tkf  Sexes.    BoUi  sexes  an  figured  in  Enf.  Bot.^  Sal.  fVob.,  and  Ho$t  Sal.  Aiut. 
£ngravtngt.    Uottta.  Sal.,  t.  11.  12.  and  24.  f.  1. ;  Host.  Sal.  Aust.,  t.  3(),  31. ;  Eng.  Bot.,  t.  1389. ; 
the  plate  of  tills  tree  In  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  20. ;  mdjlg.  20.  is  p.  794. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  lanceolate,  acute,  with  cartilaginous  serratures; 
glabrous  above  ;  glaucous  and  somewhat  silky  beneath.  Stipules  minute, 
lanceolate,  deciduous,  smooth.  Ovary  sessue,  ovate-lanceolate,  smooth. 
Bracteas  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  fringed  at  the  base,  longer  than  the  pistil. 
(Smith.)  A  large  tree.  Britain,  in  hedges,  and  cultivated  in  osier  grounds 
in  many  places  ;  and  readily  distinguished  from  all  the  other  sorts,  by  the 
bright  yellow  colour  of  its  branches.  Height  30  ft.  ,to  50  ft.  Flowers 
yellow;  May. 

As  an  ornamental  tree,  ^iUix  vitelllna  is  very  striking  in  the  winter  season, 
especially  among  evergreens.  As  a  shrub,  it  is  not  less  so,  both  among  ever- 
green shrubs  and  deciduous  kinds,  having  the  bark  of  conspicuous  colours. 
In  the  English  garden  at  Munich,  extensive  masses  of  this  willow  are  placed  in 
contrast  with  masses  of  the  white-barked  honeysuckle  (Lonicera  Xvl6steum), 
the  red-barked  dogwood  (C6mus  &lba),  and  the  brown-barked  spiraea  (i^i- 
rae'a  opulif5]ia); 

Group  vii.     Nigra. 

ExtrU'European  ITindi  allied  to  the  Kindt  of  one  or  all  of  the  tliree  precediag 

Ctroupt,    Prin.  sp.  28. 


HyEi 


Of  the  willows  of  Europe  Koch  has  associated  the  kinds  of  Mr.  Borrer's 
giroups  Pentandrse,  Frdgiles,  and  A^bas  into  one  group,  which  he  has 
named  Fragiles  ;  and  he  has  pointed  out  and  described,  as  extra-European 
kinds  belonging  to  it,  S.  occiden talis  Bote,  S.  nigra  MUhl,,  S.  babyl6nica  X., 
S.  oct&ndra  Sieber,  and  S.  Humboldtiana  Willd.  Mr.  Borrer  has  included 
S.  babylonica  L.  in  his  group  Fragiles.  The  rest  are  here  collected  in  a 
group  by  themselves,  to  which  is  added  i^.  /igustrina  Michx.  jun,,  from  the 
notice  by  Mr.  Forbes,  and  also  by  Michaux,  that  it  is  similar  to  S.  nigra. 

¥  28.  S.  Ni^GRA  MiUilenb.  The  black,  or  dark-branched  American,  Willow. 

Iden^fieation.  'Mtihlenb.  in  Nor.  Act.  Soc  Nat.  Scnit.  Berol.,  4.  p.  237.  t.  4.  f.  6. ;  Pursh  Fl 

Amer.  Sept.,  2.  p.  614. 
Sgwmyme:    8.  carolinitoa  Mick*.  FL  Bor.  Amer.  2.  p.  226. ;  S.  pentindro  WtM.  FL  Car.  24&  ; 

S.  Yulgiris  Ciai/t.  Fl,  Virg. 
The  Sexes.    Both  sexes  are  noticed  In  the  specific  character.    Willdenow  had  seen  the  male  alive, 

and  boUi  sexes  in  a  dried  state. 
Engravings.    Nov.  Act.  Soc.  Nat.  Scrut  Berol.,  4.  t.  4.  f.  5. ;  Mlchx.  N.  Amer.  SyL,  3.  t.  125. 

L  1.  withoQt  flowers ;  and^.  152.  in  p.  818. 

Spec.  Char.,  6fc,  Leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  pointed,  serrated,  green  on  both 
sides,  glabrous,  except  a  downy  rib  and  foot* 
stalk.  Catkins  accompanying  the  leaves,  villous. 
Stamens  about  5,  bearded  at  the  base.  Ovary 
stalked,  ovate-lanceolate,  glabrous.  Stigmas 
divided,  the  length  of  the  style.  {Sal.  IVob.) 
A  tree,  with  smooth  branches,  brittle  at  the 
base.  Pennsylvania  to  Virginia,  on  the  banks 
of  rivers.  Height  20  fl.  Introduced  in  1811. 
Flowers  yellow  ;  May.  ,,  s.  niicra.  1449.  *.  s.  neuttxiM. 


764 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Mr.  Forbes  observes  that  S,  /igustrina  of  Michaux  differs  principally  from 
iS^.  niffra.  in  its  larger  stipules,  which  resemble,  as  well  as  the  leaves,  those  of 
S,  triandra.  (Sal,  Wob.,  p.  28.)  In  fig.  1448.  a  shows  S,  nigra,  b  S.  /igustrina. 

ft  29.  5.  HuMBOLDT/^'AT^  Willd.  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  8. ;  and  fig,  8.  in  p.  792.)  is 

described  m  our  first  edition. 

ft  ?   t    30.  S,  BoNPLAND/i<'y/<  Ilumb.  et  Bonpl.    (Sal.  Wob.,  t.  9. ;  and 
fig.  9.  in  p.  792.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

Group  viii.     Vrinoldes  Borrer. 

Shrubs^  mostly  Natives  of  North  America,  and  used  in  Basket'^maJdng. 

Prin.  sp.  32.  and  33. 


JL 


^ 


Kinds  all,  or  all  but  S»  conformis  Forbes,  natives  of  North  America.  The 
kinds  which  Mr.  Borrer  has  placed  in  this  group  are  S,  rigida  M'vki,  S. 
prin6ide8  Pursh,  and  5.  confdrmis  Forbes.  To  these  S.  discolor  WUld.  and 
S.  angustata  Pursh  have  been  added,  from  their  resemblance  to  S,  pn- 
noides. 

a  31.  S.  ri'gida  Milhlenb,  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  141.,  a  leaf;   and  fig.  141.  In 

p.  818.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

A  t  32.  S.  prinoi'des  Pursh.     The  Prinos-like 

Willow. 

identification.     Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept,  3.  p.  613. ;  Smith  In  Rees't 

Cycl.,  No.  26. 
Thf  Sexes.    The  female  is  figured  in  Sal.  Woh. 
Engravings.    Sal.  Wob.,  No.  40.  ;  our  fig.  1449.  ;  and  Jig.  40.  in 

p.  800. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  oval-oblong,  acute,  with 
distant  wavy  serratures ;  glabrous  above,  glau- 
cous beneath.  Stipules  half-heart-shaped,  deepIjF 
toothed.  Catkins  villous,  protruded  before  the 
leaves.  Ovary  stalked,  ovate,  pointed,  silky.  Style 
elongated.  Stigmas  cloven.  (Pursh.)  A  large 
deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree.  Pennsylvania  to 
Virginia,  on  the  banks  of  rivers.  Height  6  ft.  to 
12  ft.  Introduced  in  1811.  Flowers  yellow  ; 
March  and  April. 

ft  33.  S.  Di'scoLOR  Miihlenb.  (Sel.  Wob.,  No.  147.,  a  leaf;  and  ourjfe. 
147.  in  p.  818.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

A  34.  S.  angusta'ta  Pursh   (Fl.  Amer.   Sept.,  2.  p.  113.)  is  described  in 

our  first  edition. 

ft  35.  S.  CONFO^RMis  Forbes  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  24. ;  and  fig.  24.  in  p.  795.) 

is  described  in  our  first  edition. 


1449.  AfdiaUm. 


Group  ix.     Onsets  Borren 

Chiefiy  Shrubs^  Natives  of  North  America.     Prin.  sp.  40.  and  43. 


K 


■^  r 


£ 


Most  of  the  kinds  are  natives  of  North  America.     iS*.  MiihlenbergumA  VOM.. 


Lxviii.  ^-alicaVe^:  SA^Lix.  765 

S.  cordata  Miihlenb.,  S.  falcata  Purth,  and  S,  tristis  AU.,  are  additions  to 
the  kinds  which  Mr.  Borrer  has  placed  in  this  group.  With  regard  to  S. 
refldxa  Forbes,  S,  virgata  ?  Forbes,  and  S,  Ly6ntt  ?  Schl.,  included  in  it  by 
Mr.  Borrer,  he  remarks,  "  I  ara  unacquainted  with  these,  and  have,  perhaps, 
placed  them  in  the  wrong  group." 

•  36.  S,  vire''scens  Forbes,    The  greenish-leaved  Willow,  or  verdant  Osier. 

IdentifieaUtm.    Forbes  In  Sal.  Wob.,  Na  7. 

Sgnonifme.    Mr.  Forbes  received  the  kind  fh)m    Messrs.  Loddlges,  under  the  name  8.  ikippo- 

phaefMia,  but  has  substituted  tbe  speciflc  name  of  Tirfacens,  as  being  one  more  descriptiTe  or  the 

plant. 
T%e  Sfxet.    Tbe  female  is  described  and  figured  in  SaL  Wob. 
Engravmgs.    Sal.  Wob ,  No.  7. ;  our^.  14iS0. ;  and>^.  7.  in  p.  798. 

Spec,  Char,,  <J-c.  Leaves  linear-lanceoiate,  serrated,  acute, 
smooth,  green  on  both  sides.  Ovary  ovate-lanceolate, 
scarcely  downy.  Style  divided.  Stigmas  parted.  Stipules 
none.  {Forbes.)  An  upright  shrub.  Switzerland.  Height 
8  ft.     Introduced  in  1820.     Flowers  yellow  ;  April.  i460.  s.Ttrf«!cm. 

A  37.  S,  REFLE^XA  Forbes  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  94. ;  and  our  fig.  94.  in  p. 807.) 

is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

-«38.  S.  virga'ta  Forbes  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  12.,  without  flowers;  and  our  ^g. 
12.  in  p.  793.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

*  39.  S,  hYo'y  11  ?  Schl.  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  10.,  without  flowers;  and  our  fig, 
10.  in  p.  792.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

M  40.  S,  UovsTOS tA'na  Pursh.     Houston's  Willow. 

IdeiUifleaHon.    Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.,  8.  p.  634. ;  Smith  in  Rees's  Cydo.,  No.  48. 

Sjfnonffme.    S.  tristis  I.odd.  Cat.  ed.  1836. 

The  Seaes.    The  male  is  described  in  Pursh's  speciflc  character,  and  the  female  is  described  and 


figured  hi  Sai.  Wob. 
Engravings,    Sal.  Wob.,  No.  II. ;  and  Jig,  II.  in  p.  792. 

Spec.  Char,^  ^c.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  and  very  finely  serrated,  glabrous, 
shining,  and  green  on  both  sides.  Stipules  none.  Catkins  accompanying 
the  leaves,  cylindrical,  villous.  Bracteas  ovate,  acute.  Stamens  3  to  5, 
bearded  half-way  up.  Branches  extremely  brittle  at  the  base.  (Pursh.) 
A  low-growing  shrub,  with  slender,  roundish,  smooth,  yellowish  branches. 
Virginia  and  Carolina.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1820.  Flowers 
yellow :  May  and  June. 

•  41.  j^.  FALCA^TA  Pursh    (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  148.,  a  leaf;  and  our  fig,  148 

in  p.  818.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

St  42.  S,  GRILSE  A  WUld,  (Ann.  of  Bot.,  2.  t.  5,  f.  8.)  is  described  in  our  firs: 

edition. 

1^  A  43.  S,  petiola'ris  Smith,    The  /ongf-petiolated  Willow. 

Mfnt^fieatton.    Smith  In  Lin.  Soc.  Trans.,  6.  p.  12S. 

Sjfmm^meM.  S.  grlsea  WiUd.  var.  3  subglabr&ta  Koch  Comm.  p.  21.  note  *.  Koch  regards  the  S. 
petioldris  Snu'thns  a  var.  of  5.  grisea ;  and  it  probably  is  so.  (Borrer  in  a  letter.) 

7%r  Srxe$.  Tbe  female  is  figured  in  £ng.  Bot.  and  Sal.  Wob.  Smith  observes  that  he  **  knows 
nothing  of  the  male  plant.*'  (Eng.  PL)  Mr.  Borrer  had  formerly  both  sexes  growing  at  Henfield, 
having  received  the  male  flrom  Mr.  O.  Anderson,  but  at  present  he  has  the  female  only.  ( W.  B.) 

Emgravings.    Eng.  Bot.,  1. 1147. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  83. ;  ow Jig.  14)1. ;  andy^.  23.  in  p.  795. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  lanceolate,  serrated,  glabrous  ;  glaucous  beneath, 
somewhat  unequal  at  the  base.  Stipules  lunate,  toothed. 
Catkins  lax.  Bracteas  hairy,  shorter  than  the  stalks  of 
the  ovate  silky  ovaries.  Stigmas  divided,  sessile.  (Smith.) 
A  bushy  tree,  with  slender,  spreading,  flexible,  smooth, 
purplish  or  dark  brown  branches.  Scotland^  in  Angus- 
shire  and  other  places.  Height  12ft.  to  15ft.  Flowers 
yellow  ;  April  and  May. 

Easily  known  from  every  other  species,  by  its  short  obtuse 
catkins,  and  long  dark  leaves.     After  gathering,  the  young   f  i:,,.  „  ^^ioiaru. 


766  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

* 

leaves  especially   exhale  a  strong  scent,  not  unlike    the  flavoor  of  bitter 
almonds,  but  less  agreeable. 

«  44'.  fi^.  pennsylva'nica  Forbes   (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  95. ;  and  our ^.  95.  in 

p.  808.)  is  describee!  in  our  first  edition. 

-*  45.  S,  MUHLENBERGZi4^2^i<  WiUd.  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  145. ;  and  oarJSg.  145. 

in  p.  818.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

a  46.  S.  TBi'sTis  AU.  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  150.,  a  leaf;  and  our  Jig.  150.  in 

p.  818.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

•  47.  S.  coBDA^TA  Miihlenb.  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  142.,  a  leaf;  and  ourjfe.  142. 
in  p.  818.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

Group  X.     Kosmartnifblue  Borrer. 

1a)W  Shrubi,  with  narrow  Leaves,  Prin.  8p.  48. 


□DQB 


Stamens  2  to  a  flower.  Ovary  silky,  stalked.  Catkins  short.  Flowers  loosdr 
disposed  in  the  catkin.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  entire,  or  toothed  witb 
extremely  minute  glanded  teeth. — Plants  small  upright  shrubs.  (^Hook.) 

•  4S.  S.  JSosMABiNiFO^LiA  L.     The  Rosemary-leaved  M^illow. 

JdeniiflcaHoti.    Lin.  Sp.  PL,  144S. ;  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  314. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  S., 

p.  498. 
^MtonyiN^.    S.  roimarinifdlia,  part  of,  Kock  Comm.  p.  49. 
fke  Srxes.    Both  are  described  in  miU.  S^.  PL,  and  figured  In  Hmm  j§hMd. 
EngroBimgs.    Eng.  Bot.,  1. 1365. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  Mo.  87. ;  our  J^.  145i. ;  ind^. 

87.  In  p.  806. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c,  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  silky,  quite  entire, 
or  with  a  fisw  very  minute  glanded  teeth,  especially  the 
young  leaves.  Catkins  shortly  oblong,  curved,  lax.  Ovaries 
atalked,  silky,  lanceolate-acuminate.  Style  about  as  long  ^^ 
as  the  linear  divided  stigmas.  Bracteas  short,  villous. 
{Hook.)  A  slender  upright  shrub.  Sweden,  German v, 
and  the  northern  parts  of  Britain.  Height  2  ft.  to  5  ft. 
Flowers  yellow  ;  April.  144^  s. 

M  jr  49.  S,  AN GUSTiFoYiA  Borrer,  Hooker,  f  Wu^,  The  narrow-leaved  Willow. 

Mfntificatioii.    Borrer  and  Hook .  in  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  S.,  p.  417. ;  V  Wulf.  in  Jacq.  ColL.  8. 4&. 
8ynonifme$.    S.  arbdBcula  Smith  Ft  Brit.  p.  1060. ;  S.  roaniarinifblia  «  Koch  Comm.  p.  49. 
The  Sexes.    The  female  is  deacribed  in  Eng.  Flora,  and  figured  in  Smg.  Bot.  and 

Sal.  Wob. 
EngrtnHtgs.    Eng.  Bot.,  1 1366. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  t.  86. ;  ottr>^.  1453.  s  and^.  86. 

Spec.  Char,,  Spc.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  nearly  glabrous, 
with  minute  glandular  teeth ;  the  young  leaves  silky ;  glau- 
cous beneath.  Catkins  ovate,  erect.  Ovaries  ovate-acumi- 
nate, densely  silky,  stalked.  Style  about  as  long  as  the 
broad,  erect,  entire  stigmas.  Bracteas  very  villous,  nearly 
.  as  long  as  the  young  ovaries.  {Hook.)  A  low  shrub.  Scot- 
land, on  the  Clova  Mountains,  and  also  near  Dumfries. 
.  Height  1  ft.     Flowers  yellow ;  April.  ,^^  ^^ 

•*  50.  S.  DkCU^MBENS  Forbes   (Sal.  Wob.,  No  88.;  and^.  88.  in  p. 806.) 

is  described  in  our  first  edition. 


51.  iS.  fusca'ta  Pursh   (Fl.  Amer.  Sept.,  8.  p.  612.)  is  described  in 

our  first  edition. 


Lxviii.  ^alica^cea:  ^a'lix.  767 

Group  xi.     Fiisca:  Borrer 
nic&ffy  procumbent  Shrubs,    Prin.  sp.  52  and  58. 


Stamens  2  to  a  flower,  as  far  as  to  the  kinds  whose  male  flowers  have  been 
observed.  Ovary  silky,  stalked.  Catkins  ovate  or  cylindrical.  Leaves 
between  elliptical  and  lanceolate ;  mostly  silky  beneath  ;  nearly  entire. 
— Plants  small  shrubs.  Stem,  in  most,  procumbent.  S.  fusca  L,,  Hooker ^ 
var.  1.,  and  S,  Dontaita  Smith,  have  a  likeness  in  aspect  to  the  kinds  of  the 
group  Purpureae,  except  S,  rubra  Huds.  (^Hook,) 

-*  52.  5.  Fu'scA  L.    The  brown  Willow. 

/dentfficaiioH.    Hook.  Br.  Fll,  ed.  2.,  p.  417.  ;  ?  Hayne  Abbild.,  p.  242. 

^nomymei,    8.  rdpens  Hook.  FL  Scot.  1.  p.  ^4.  ;  5.  ripens  Kodk^  part  of,  Koch  Comrn.  p.  47. 
The  Sexet.    The  female  is  figured  in  Hayne  Abbild.^  if  the  S.  ftisca  of  that  work  is  the  S.  fdsca  L. 
Engramingi.    Hayne  Abbild.,  1. 184. ;  Sal.  Wob. ;  and  our^.  88.  in  p.  806. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Stems  more  or  less  procumbent.  Leaves  elliptical  or 
elliptic-lanceolate,  acute;  entire,  or  serrated  with  minute  glanded  serm- 
tures  ;  somewhat  downy  \  glaucous,  and  generally  very  silky  beneath. 
Oyary  lanceolate,  very  silky,  seated  upon  a  long  stalk.  Stigmas  bifid. 
(Hook,)  A  decumbent  shrub.  Britain,  on  heaths.  Height  6  in.  to  1  ft. 
Stamens  yello.w ;  May. 

Varictits. 

M  S.f,  I  mdgarit,  S.  f.  var.  a  Hook,  Br.  FL  ed.  2.;  S.  fusca  Smith 
Eng.  Bot.  t.  I960.,  Forbes  in  Sal,  Wob,  No.  83. ;  S,  repens  Koch 
fi  Koch  Comm.  p.  47.;  and  our  fig,  S3,  in  p.  806.  —  Stem  decum- 
bent below,  then  upright,  much  branched.  Leaves  elliptic  lan- 
ceolate. 

Jk  S./.  2  repens.  S.  f.  jS  Hook,  Br.  Fl.  ed.  2. ;  S.  rdpens  Lm.  Sp.  PI.  1447., 
Forbes  in  Sal,  Wob.  No.  84.  ;  and  our  ^g.  84.  in  p.  836.  —  Leaves 
elliptic-lanceolate,  straight,  somewhat  pomted,  nearly  entire ;  almost 
naked  above,  fflaucous  and  silky  beneath.  Stipules  none.  Stem 
depressed,  with  short  upright  branches. 

^  8./  3  prostrdta.  S.  f.  var.  y  Hook.  Br.  FL  ed.  2. ;  S.  prostrata  Smith 
Eng.  Bot,  1. 1959.,  Forbes  in  Sal.  Wob.  No.  82. ;  and  our  J!g.  82. 
in  p.  806.  —  Leaves  elliptic-oblong,  convex,  somewhat  toothed, 
witn  a  curved  point ;  glaucous,  silky,  and  veiny  beneath.  Stipules 
minute.  Stems  prostrate,  with  elongated  straight  branches.  Ovwry 
stalked,  ovate,  silky.     Styles  shorter  than  the  stigmas. 

-*  8./  ^fa/tida.  S.  f.  var.  )  Hook.  Br.  FL  ed.  2. ;  S.  fce'tida  Smiih 
Eng.  FL  iv.  p.  208. — Stem  recumbent.     Leaves  elliptical. 

«  S.  /  5  incubdcea,  S.  f.  5  Hook.  Br.  FL  ed.  3. ;  S.  incubkcea  Lin.  Sp. 
PL  \Wt.y  Forbes  in  Sal.  Wob.  No.  79.;  and  ourj%.  79.  in  p.  806. — 
Leaves  elliptic-lanceolate,  nearly  entire,  acute,  with  a  twisted  point ; 
glaucous  and  silky  beneath.  Stipules  stalked,  ovate,  acute.  Stem 
procumbent.  Branches  erect.  Catkins  erect,  oblong-cylindrical. 
Stalk  of  the  silky  ovary  about  as  long  as  the  obovate  bractea  (scale). 
(Borrer.) 

JK^./.  6  argentea,  S.  f.  6  Hook.  Br.  FL  ed.  2. ;  S.  arg^ntea  Smth 
Eng.  BoL  1. 1364.,  Forbes  in  S<U,  Wob.  No.  78. ;  and  our  fig.  78.  in 
p.  806.  —  Leaves  elliptical,  entire,  somewhat  revolute,  with  a  re- 
curved point ;  rather  downy  above,  silky  and  shining  beneath,  as 
well  as  the  branches.  Stem  upright.  Ovary  ovate-lanceolate,  silky  ; 
its  silky  stalk  nearly  equal  to  the  linear  oblong  bractea.  Styte  not 
longer  than  the  stigma.s. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUBl. 


•  53.  S.  DoK lA'NA  Smith.     Don's,  or  the  rutty-branchcd.  Willow 

Identification.    Smith  in  Eog  Fl.,  4.  p.  213. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  3.,  p.  484. ;  Borrer  in  Euf  ■  (tar 

Suppl.,  t.  2.'K)9. 
The  Sfjtes.    The  female  is  described  and  figured  In  Sal.  Wob.  and  Eng.  BoL    The  ma^  ba«  imi|c« 

bodi  disco TCT^il 
Engravings.    Sal.'  Wob.,  No.  85. ;  Eng.  Bot.,  t.  3&99. ;  our^.  1454. ;  andJig.  85.  in  p.  806. 

Spei,  Char,y  Sfc,  Leaves  obovate-lanceolate,  partly  opposite, 
acute,  slightly  serrated,  even ;  livid  and  somewhat  silky 
beneath.  Stipules  linear.  Branches  erecft.  Catkins  erect, 
cylindrical.  Ovary  stalked,  silky,  lon<rer  than  the  obovate 
bearded  bractea.  (SntUh,)  A  shrub,  with  straight,  wand-like, 
round,  leafy  branches,  of  a  reddish  or  rusty  brown,  scarcely 
downy,  except  when  very  young.  Scotland,  on  moun- 
tains.    Height  5  ft.  to  6  ft.     Flowers  yellow  j  May.  »«*• 


S.lkaitm, 


Group  xii,    Amhiguce  Borrer. 
Shrubs.  Prin.  sp.  54.  and  58. 


S.  finm4rchica  WiUd.  has  been  added  to  the  kinds  included  in  this  group  by 
Mr.  Borrer. 

-*  •  54.  S.  AHBf  GUA  Ehrh^  Borrer,     The  ambiguous  Wiflow. 

rdeni(fieatum,    Borrer  in  Eng.  Bot  Suppl.,  t  8733. ;  Hook.  Br.  FI.,  ed.  2..  p.  418. 

Syntmymet.    Some  are  cited  under  the  varieties  treated  of  below ;  5.  ambigua  Kodk,  part  of.  Kmk 

Contm.f  p.  49. 
T%e  Sexfs.    Both  sexec  of  Tar.  «,  the  female  of  var.  fi^  the  male  of 

var.  y,  and  the  female  of  var.  )  are  flgured  in  Eng.  Bot,  Suppl   A  J"^  AP' 

Bngnmings.    Eng.  Bot.  Suppl.,  t.  2738. ;  and  our  Jjjg.  1455. 

• 

Spec.  Char,,  Jjrc  Leaves  oval,  obovate,  or  lan- 
ceolate, slightly  toothed,  and  having  a  recurved 
point ;  pubescent,  somewhat  rugose  above,  glau- 
cous and  having  prominent  veins  beneath. 
Stipules  half-ovate,  acute.  Catkins  stalked, 
upright,  cylindrical.  Ovary  stalked,  densely 
silky.  Style  very  short.  Stigmas  short,  at 
length  cloven.  (JBorr.)  A  small  decumbent 
shrub.  Sussex,  Essex,  and  Suffolk ;  and  various 
parts  of  Scotland.  Height  6  in.  to  1  ft.  Flowers 
yellow  ;  May. 

It  varies  much  in  the  procumbent,  ascending,  or  more  erect  manner  of  it» 
growth,  in  the  paler  or  darker  brown  tinge  of  the  twigs,  and  in  the  quantirr 
of  pubescence. 

Varieties, 

-t  ji  S.  a.  1  vulgarit.  S.  tu  »  Borr.  in  Eng.  BoL  SuppL  U  2733.,  5  figures 

of  the  two  sexes,  and  description.— A  small  straggling  shrub,  with 

branches  sometimes  procumbent,  sometimes  rising  1  or  2  feet  from 

the  ground. 
»  8,  <z.  2  major.    S.  tu  fi  major  Borrer  in  Eng.  Bot.  Suppl.  t.  2733, 3 

figures  of  the  female,  and  description ;  ?  S.  ambigua  fi  Hook.  Br.  FL 

ed.  2.  p.  418. ;  S.  versifolia   Sering.   SatUes  de  la  Suitte  No.  6d. 

Monogr.  40.  (Borrer.)  —  Foliage  silvery. 
A  S.  a.  3  tpathtddta.  S.  a.  y  spathulata  Bor.  in  Eng.  Bot,  SuppL  t.  2733.. 

wherft  3  specimens  of  the  male  plant  are  figured  and  (fescribcd; 

S.  aiftblgua  y  Hook.  Br.  Fl.  ed.  2.  p.  418. ;  S.  spathulata  Wdtd.  Sp. 

PI.  4.  700. ;  S.  spathulata  WW/</.— Scarcely  differs  fi-om  S.  amWgu* 

vulgaris,  except  in  the  narrower  base  of  the  leaif. 


1455.  S 


LXVIII.    S'ALiCA^CEiE:    Sa\iX. 


7M 


A  S.  a.  4  ftndulata,  S.  a.  8  undnl&ta  Bcrrer  in  Eng,  Bot.  U  2733.,  4  figures 
of  the  female,  and  description ;  S.  spathultLta  fViild.,  var.  undulata  of 
Professor  Mertens.  (Borrer.)  —  Kemarkable  for  its  lanceolate  or 
almost  linear  leaves,  and  distinctly  stalked  stipules. 

?  Jt  ?  jk  55.  S.  fimma'rchica  Willd,  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

jt  ?  -^  56.  iSH  YERSi'coLOR  Forbes,   The  various-coloured 

Willow. 

Jdemt(fieaiiim,    Forbec  tn  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  77. 
Tke  Setes.    The  female  la  described  and  flcured  In  SiO.  Woh. 
Emgramimgi.     Sal.  Wob.,  No.  77. ;  our^r*  l^^* »  ''^  our  Jig,  77.  in 
p.  806. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  elliptic,  almost  entire ;  greyish 
green  and  villous  above,  glaucous  and  pubescent 
beneath.  Stipules  large,  ovate.  Ovary  ovate,  stalked, 
silky.      Style  smooth.     Stigmas  divided.     (Forbes,) 

.  A  low,  depressed  or  trailing,  deciduous  shrub.  Swit- 
zerland. Height  2  ft.  Introduced  in  1824.  Flowers 
yellow  I  May.  „^.  5.^«i«. 

m  57.  S,  iiLATBRNoi^DEs  Forbes  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  76. ;  and  our  j%.  76.   in 

p.  806.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

A  ?  1  58.  5.  PROTBJE/O'LM  Schl.    The  Protea-leaved  Willow. 

MefU^leaiiom.    Scbleicher,  quoted  in  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  S.,  p.  4ia  ;  Forbet  in  Sal.  Wob.,  Na  75. 
^nofqrMM.    ErroncoualT  referred  to  S.  amblgua  In  Hook.  Br.  II,  ed.  2.  fJBorrer  MSS.) 
The  Sexet,    Tbe  female  U  described  and  figured  in  Sal,  Wob, 
Engravmgs.    Sal.  Wob.,  No.  75. ;  and  our  7^.  75.  in  p.  805. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  elliptical,  entire;  villous  above,  white  and  silky  be- 
neath. Stipules  ovate,  silkv.  Catkins  thick,  obtuse.  Ovary  stalked,  ovate, 
silky.  Bractea  obovate,  silky.  Stigmas  undivided.  (Sal.  iVob,)  A  hand- 
some upright-growing  shrub,  or  low  tree.  Switzerland.  Height  18  ft.  to 
20  ft.     Introduced  in  181^0.    Flowers  yellow  ;  April  and  May. 


Group  xiii.     Reticulata  Borrer. 
LeavcM  reticulated  and  coriaceous,     Prin.  sp.  59 


h  i^x 


The  characteristics  of  this  group,  as  adopted  in  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  are  not  de- 
scribed ;  because  it  consists  of  only  one  species,  the  S,  reticulata  L.,  and  the 
characteristics  of  this  species  may  be  deemed  representative  of  those  of  the 
group. 

-A  59.  iS*.  RETICULATA  L.    The  netted,  or  wrinkled,  leaved  Willow. 

IdenMlcatio»,    Lin.  Sp.  Fl..  1446. ;  Eng.  FI.,  4.  p.  900. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  a.,  p.  419. 

Tke  Sne$.    Both  sexes  are  figured  in  Eng  Sot.  and  Sal.  Wob.^  Ho$t.  SaL  Aust.  and  Bkynr  AbbiU 

Engrawimgt.    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  1908. ;  our>^.  1457. ;  voA/lg.  67.  in  p.  804. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  Leaves  orbicular,  somewhat  elliptical,  obtuse, 
entire,  coriaceous,  with  reticulated  veins,  nearly  glabrous ; 
glaucous  beneath.  Ovary  sessile,  downy.  A  procumbent 
shrub,  larger  than  S.  herbacea.  The  young  foliage  is  often 
floccose.  England,  and  the  high  mountains  in  Wales  and 
Scotland.  Height  6 in.  Flowers  purplish  red;  May  to 
July. 

A  very  pretty  little  plant,  particularly  well  adapted  for 
forming  one  of  a  selection  for  Rowing  in  pots,  so  as  to  form 
m  portable  salictum ;  or  for  growing  on  rockwork. 

3  D 


1457.  S.  iMkvUta. 


770 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


Group  xiv.     Glafica  Borrer. 

Small,  upright^  with  soft  silky  Leaves.     Prin.  sp.  61.  and  62. 


WiUow. 

ed.  S.,  p.  419. 


Stamens  2  td  a  flower.  Ovary  very  downy,  or  silky,  sessile.  —  Plants  small 
shrubs,  most  of  them  upright ;  all,  or  most  of  them,  remarkable  for  their 
foliage,  which  consists  of  leaves  that  are  oblong-lanceolate,  soft,  hairy,  silky, 
and,  in  most,  white  and  cottony  on  the  under  surfiu^e.  The  kinds  are  very 
closely  akin,  each  among  the  rest.  (Hook,)  Only  S,  glauca  L^  S,  areoam 
L.,  and  S.  ^uartiana  Smith  are  associated  together  under  the  above  chsF 
racteristics  in  Hook,  Br.  Fl,,  ed.  2.  Of  the  kinds  brou^t  together  below, 
as  agreeing  more  or  less  in  the  quality  of  similarity,  Mr.  Borrer  has  indicated 
S,  elseagnifolia  Forbes  (elaeagnoides  Schleicher),  S.  glauca  L,,  S,  sericea 
Villars,  S.  Lapponum  L,,  S,  arenaria  L,,  S.  arenlUria  L.  7  var.,  5.  leuco- 
ph^lla  Schleicher  ;  and  S,  Stuartiana  Smith. 

A  60.  S,  £Ijeaonoi'dbs  Schleicher  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  69. ;  and>^.  69.  in  p.  804.), 

is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

^61.  S,  GLAU^CA  L,     The  glaucous  Mountain 

Ideniifieaiiom,    Lin.  Sp.  PL,  1446. ;  Eng.  Flora,  4.  p.  901. ;  Hook.  Br.  F\^ 
Sunonipne.    S.  appendicuUu  Fl.  Dan.  1. 1056.,  Witld.  Sp.  PL  4.  p.  680. 
The  Sexes.  Both  lezet  are  described  in  Eng.  Ft. ;  the  female  U  figured 

in  Eng.  Boi. 
Engravings.    Eng.  Bot.,  1. 1810.  {  SaL  Wob.,  No.  68. ;  our  fy(.  1466. ; 

■nd^.  68.  in  p.  804. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  nearly  entire,  elliptic-lanceo-  i^ 
late;  even,  and  nearly  elabrous  above;  woolly  and  VM 
snowy-white  beneath.  Footstalks  decurrent.  Ovary 
sessile,  ovate,  woolly.  (Smith,)  A  low  shrub.  High- 
lands of  Scotland.  Stem  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  high,  stout, 
bushy,  with  numerous  short,  round,  spreading  brown 
or  yellowish  branches,  downy  in  their  early  state. 
Flowers  yellow ;  May  to  July. 

Jk  62.  iS:.  SBRi^CEA  Villars,    The  silky  WiUow. 

IdenHfieatton.    Villan  Delph.,  3.  p.  782.  t  61.  f.  87. ;  Willd.  Sp.  PI..  4.  p.  68S. 

Sffnonyme.    S.  glauca,  a  cynonyme  of  Koek  Comm.  p.  66.  "  S.  terloea  of  Villars,  aoeordlni  toW* 

own  specimens,  is  the  true  Lappbnum ;  and  I  have  Swiss  ones,  properlj  so  named,  fhsa  M- 

Schleicher.    It  is  Haller's  No.  1643."  {Snutk  in  Eng.  Ft.,  4.  p.  909. ) 
The  Sexes,    Willdenow  has  described  the  female.-  and  noted  that  he  had  seen  it  in  a  dried  rtatc. 
Engravings.    Vill.  Delph.,  8.  t.  51 .  f.  27. ;  wad  Jig.  74.  in  p.  805. 

Spec.  Char.,  tfc.  Stem  prostrate.  Leaf  oblong-lanceolate,  entire,  obtux, 
silky  and  hoary  on  both  surfaces.  Catkins  siuiy,  stout.  Capsules  ovstt- 
oblone,  stout,  very  villous,  sessile.  Very  different  from  S.  glauca  L. 
Branches  brown,  glossy.  Leaves  2  in.  lone,  covered  with  long  appressed 
hairs.  Stipules  not  apparent  Catkins  }  m.  long,  cylindrical  BrKtets 
lanceolate,  hairy,  caducous.  Style  short,  bifid.  Stigmas  dilated,  bifU. 
(  VUletrs.)  A  shrub.  Alps  of  Switzerland  and  France.  Height  5  ft.  to  6  ft 
Introduced  in  1820.    Flowers  yellow  ;  April  and  May. 

Jk  63.  S,  Lapponum  L,    The  Laplanders*  Willow. 

IdentiftcaUon.    Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  1447. ;  Forbes  in  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  73. 

Sfpsonytne,    S.  areniria  Fl.  Dan.  1. 197.  (Smith.) 

The  Sexes.    The  female  It  described  In  Wilid.  Sp.  Pi.,  and  dcwribcd  and  figured 

In  SaL  Wob. 
Engravings.     Lin.  Fl  Lapp.,  t.  8.  f.  /. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  73. ;  our  Jig.  1450. ;  and 

^.  73.  in  p.  806. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c,  Lei^ves  lanceolate,  very  entire,  bluntish  ; 
hoary  above,  woolly  beneath.  Seed-vessels  woollv  and  oblong. 
( Forbes.)  A  decumbent  shrub.  Lapland.  Height  1  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1812.     Flowers  yellow ;  May  and  June. 


14M.    S.i^a4ck 


LXVIII,    5ALICA  CE£  :   JA  LIX. 


J>  66.   S.  OBOVA^A  PtiriA  (SaL  Wob.,  No.  144.,  s  leaf;  and  Jig.   144.  i 

p.  818.)  is  deacribed  in  our  first  edidon. 
■  67.  S.  CANB'»CE>-a   Wiild.  (Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  687.)  is  described  in  our  Sn 
edition. 


.>*  B9.  S.  PTBBHAiCA  Ootum  (IHustr.  77.)  is  deacribed  in  our  first  edidon, 

«  70.  S,  WtiMTEmUsA  WilM.  (Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  679.)  is  described  in  our 

firat  edidoD. 

Group  XT.     VimwdUt  Borrer. 

WUhtei  and  Oaen.  —  MotUy  TVen  or  large  Shruii,  unfi  longpBant  Brandie; 
iuedfar  Batket-itaJang.     Prin.  tp.  78.  75,  76.  and  82. 


QHffl 


a  flower.  Ovary  nearly  seasile ;  in  S.  moWmiaia  Ehrh.  aesaile, 
hairy  or  rilky.  Style  elongated.  Stigmns  linear,  mostly  entire.  Leave* 
lanceolate. —  Plantatreesof  more  or  less  conaiderable  Eiie,with  long  pliant 
branches.     (^Hook.) 


•  7S.  S.  ca'ndida  wm.     The  whitish  Willow. 
WnW.  SjjJ^Ar-  ««■  i  Punh  FI.  Amer.  6tft.,  I  p.  608. 
tal.  Wob.,  No. ».  I  our!§!  tISO.  i  ir,ijlt-  91.  tn  p.  m. 


otttcurel;  toothed;  downy  above;  beneath  der 
downy.  Sdpules  lanceolate,  nearly  the  length  of  the 
footstalks.  (Wiild.)  A  shrub.  North  America. 
He^t  5ft  to  lOft.  Introduced  in  1811.  Flowers 
yellow ;  February  and  Marcb. 

A  very  handsome  species,  well  deserving  a  place  in 
ahrubberies,  both  for  its  ornamental  white  leaves,  and 
very  early  flowers.  imo.  KctnLdi. 

?  *  73.  5.  wci^A  Sdiraitdi.     The  hoary-imnmJ  Willow,  f  or  Oticr. 


"i^r.  Akr. 


Sgmmfmtl.    S.  riplril  IVaU.  ip.  PI.  4.  p.  SCI 

(uHlftlU  Pair,  tn  Da  Ham.  Jrt.  ad.  1.  9.  I.  X 

Vflt  Drifi.  A  p.  785. 
J*r  Sria.    Both  ve  Biund  tn  flsrw  AhUH. :  the  quia  \i  Igani 


Emrrarmtt    Sil.  Wiri;..  Na.  90.  ;  ?  Hon  SeI.  AuUt.,  L  U.M.  i  oDr 
Jt-"«6l-l»KlJ<f.»«-l0P-M7. 

^>ec.  Char.,  itc  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  dendcu- 
lated,  hoaiy  on  the  under  «ur&ce  with  hoary 
tomentum.  Catkins  arched,  slender,  almost  sessile, 
subtended  at  the  base  with  small  leaves.  Capsule 
ovate-Unceobue,  glabrous,  stalked ;  the  stalk  twice 
the  length  of  the  gland.  Style  elongated.  Stigma* 
3t  S 


772 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


bifid.  Bracteas  subglabrous,  ciliate  with  short  hairs.  (JCochJ)  A  shrub,  with 
leaves  bearing  a  strong  resemblance  to  those  of  S.  vimin^lis;  while  the 
catkins,  branches,  and  mode  of  growth  are  quite  different.  Alps  of  France 
and  Switzerland.  Height  5fi.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  in  1821.  Flowen 
yellow;  April. 

A  74.  S.  lineaHiis  Forbes,    The  hneax-leaved  Willow. 

Identification.    Forbes  In  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  89. 

I^nonyme.    ?  S.  incina  Tar.  llne&.ris  Borrer.  (Barrer  in  a  letter.) 

i%e  Sexeg,    The  male  if  described  and  figured  in  Sal.  Wob.     Mr.  Forbes  has 

noted  that  he  had  not  seen  catkins  of  the  female. 
Ei^a9mgs.    Sal.  Wob.,  89. ;  our^.  1462. ;  mAfig.  89.  in  p.  807. 

Spec,  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  linear,  villous  ;  shining  above, 
cottony  beneath  ;  margins  slightly  denticulated.  Branches 
brown.  Stipules  none.  Catkins  elliptical,  nearly  sessile. 
Bracteas  elliptical,  yellow,  as  are  also  the  anthers.  (Sal, 
Wob,)  A  low  bushy  deciduous  shrub,  with  copious 
branches,  dark  brown  or  purplish  in  ever^^  stage.  Switzer- 
land. Height  5  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1820.  Flowers 
yellow  ;  April  and  May. 

A   'SL  75.  S,  viMlNA^Lis  L.     The  twiggy  Willow,  or  common  Oder, 

Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  S. 


14Gf.  s. 


Identifteathn,    Ltn.  Sp.  PI.,  1448. ;  Bng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  s 
Svnanvme.    5.  longtfbiia  Lam,  Fl.Fr.  2.  232.  (AocA.) 


i«6S.   & 


»«  Sexet.    Both  sexes  are  figured  in  Eng.  Bot.,  SaL  fVob.,  Hayne  AhbOd.^  and  Boil  SaL  Amir, 
Both  exist  in  Britain.    The  male  seems  less  robust  and  vigorous  than  the  female. 
Ei^pravhtgs,    Eng.  Bot,  t  1896. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  133. ;  our  Jig,  14«3. ;  and>^.  133.  in  p.  817. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Leaves  linear,  inclining  to  lanceolate, 
elongated,  taper-jpointed,  entire,  wavy ;  snow-white  and 
silky  beneath.  Branches  straight  and  slender.  Ovary 
sessile.  Style  as  long  as  the  linear  undivided  stigmas. 
(Smith.)  A  large  shrub  or  low  bushy  tree.  England, 
in  wet  meadows.  Height  10  ft.  to  20  ft.  Flowers 
yellow  ;  April  and  May. 

Keadily  distinguished  from  the  other  species  of  the 
section  by  the  satiny  under  surface  of  the  leaves  ;  and 
more  generally  cultivated  than  any  other  for  basketwork 
and  hoops.  A  variety  called  the  Dutch  willow,  with 
brown  bark,  is  preferred  where  hoops  are  the  object. 

A  %  76.  S.  STiPULA^Ris  jS^mtM.     The  stipuled,  or   auricledJeaved,  Over,  or 

Willow. 

IdentMcation.  Smith  Fl.  Brit.,  p.  1069. ;  Eng.  Flora,  4.  p.  230. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  2.,  p.  4tt. 
nte  Sexes.  Both  are  described  in  Eng.  Flora,  and  both  are  figured  In  Eng.  Bot.  and  SaL  JTck 
Engravings.    Eng.  Bot,  1. 1214. ;  S^.  Wob.,  132. ;  andyl^.  182.  in  p.  816. 

Spec.  Char,,  S^c.  Leaves  lanceolate,  pointed,  slightly  wavy,  obscurely  crenste; 
soft  and  nearly  naked  above,  white  and  downy  beneath.  Stipules  bsl^ 
beart-fihaped,  stalked,  very  large.  Gland  cylindrical.  Ovary  ovate,  neaHy 
sessile,  as  well  as  the  linear  undivided  stigmas.  {Stmth,)  A  large  shrub 
or  low  tree.  England,  in  osier  holts,  hedges,  and  woods.  Height  10ft.  to 
20  ft.    Flowers  yellow ;  March. 

Twigs  upright,  tall,  soft  and  downy,  of  a  pale  reddish  brown,  brittle,  and 
of  little  or  no  use  as  an  osier. 

1  77.  S.  Smith/>*^^^  Willd.  (Eng.  Bot,  1. 1509. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  13*.,  the 
female;  and  our^.  134.  in  p.  817.)  is  described  in  our  first  editioo. 

S  78.  S.  HOLLi^ssiMA  Ekrh.  (Beitr.,  6.  p.  101.)  is  described  in  our  first  ecBtioa. 

•  ?  X  79.  iS^.  HOLOSERi'cEA  Hook.  (Br.  Fl.,  ed.  2.,  p.  421.)  is  described  io  our 

first  edition. 

•  ?T  80.  S.  MiCHELr^>r>i  Forbes  (Sal.  Wob.,  t.  135.;  and  >ij.  135.  in 

p.  817.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 


LXVIII.   i^ALICA^'CE^  :   SJlUX.  773 

1  81.  S,  FERRUGi'NKA  AndcTion  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  128.;  Eng.  Bot.  Suppl., 
U  8665. ;  and  our^.  128.  m  p.  815.)  is  described  in  our  firet  edition. 

T  82.  S,  ACUMINA^TA  SmUK    The  acuminated-/!ratmf,  or  large4eavedy  Sallow, 

or  Willow. 

Ide^iifhatkm.    Smith  Fl.  Brit.  p.  1068^  Bng.  FI.,  4.  p.  237.  $  Hook.  Br.  FI,  ed.  S.,  p.  4S1. 
Sgmomtfme.    S.  UnoeoUta  SerimKe. 

i%e  StMCt.    The  female  in  described  in  Bng»  FL,  and  flgored  In  Eng.  Boi.  and  in  Sal,  Wob. 
AfroeAVt.    Eng.  Bot.,  1. 1434. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  Mo.  131. ;  oar  Jig.  1464.  In  p.  774. ;  and  ^.  181.  in 
p.  816. 

Spec,  Char.f  ^c.  Stem  erect.  Leaves  lanceolate-oblong,  pointed,  wavy,  finely 
toothed,  glaucous  and  downy  beneath.  Stipules  half-ovate,  then  kidney- 
shaped.  Catkins  cylindrical.  Ovary  stalked,  ovate,  hairy.  Style  as  long 
as  tne  undivided  stigmas.  (SnM.)  A  large  shrub  or  low  tree.  England, 
in  wet  grounds.     Height  25  ft.  to  30  ft.    Flowers  yellow  ;  April  and  May. 

A  very  distinct  sallow,  soon  recognised  to  be  different  from  S.  macrostipu. 
lacea  by  its  downy  germen,  and  much  larger  leaves. 

Group  xvi.     Cinerea:  Borrer. 

Sallows,  —  IVees  and  Skrubt,  with  roundish  shaggy  Leaves,  and  thick  Catkins, 

Prin.  sp.  90.  and  97. 


il 


Stamens  2  to  a  flower.  Ovary  tomentose  with  silky  tomentum.  Leaves 
mostly  obovate,  toothed,  grev  or  hoary,  more  or  less  wrinkled  ;  very  veiny 
beneath  ;  stipuled  branches  downy.  —  Plants  trees  or  shrubs.  The  group 
includes  the  Kinds  of  willow  that  are  usually  called  the  sallows.  (Hook,) 
The  sallows  are  known  by  their  obovate  or  rounded  downy  leaves,  and 
thick,  early,  silken  catkins,  with  prominent,  yellow,  distinct  stamens,  2  to 
a  flower.  (ISmith  Eng,  FL,  iv.  p.  216.)  Not  a  few  of  the  group  Kigriciintes 
Borrer  also  have  been  regarded  as  sallows.  Mr.  fiorrer,  however,  states 
that  he  is  unacquainted  with  many  of  the  species,  or  supposed  species,  of 
this  group,  and  of  the  group  Nigricdntes ;  and  it  is  hignly  probable  that 
many  of  them  are  placed  wrongly.    (Borrer  in  a  letter.) 

m  83.  S,  pa'llida  Forlfes  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  96. ;  and  JSg.  96.  in  p.  808.)  is 

described  in  our  first  edition. 

m  84.  S,  WiLLDENov/iiVii  Forbes   (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  41.;  and  JSg.  41.  in 

p.  801.)  is  described  m  our  first  edition. 

m  85.  S,  PoNTBDBRA^N^  Willd.     Pontedera's  Willow. 

Idemtifieatiom,    Wflld.  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  661. ;  Smith  fai  Reef's  Cjclo.,  Na  18. :  Koch  Comm.,  pi  24. 
jijyiioiiyiiM*.    5.  pumila  alptnaniigricant,  folio  oleagino  lerrato,  FonUd.  Comp.  148,  149l ;  8.  Pon- 

Ceddr«  Bellardl  App.  ad  Fl.  Ptd.  45. 
T%e  Srses.    The  male  la  noticed  in  Koch's  specific  character ;  the  female  Is  figured  in  SaL  Wob. 
Em(pramm§»,    Sal.  Wob.,  No.  43. ;  oiaxfig,  146Bi  fai  p.  775. ;  vcAfig.  43.  in  p.  801. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  elliptical,  serrated,  acute,  glabrous ;  glaucous  beneath, 
and  obtuse  at  their  base  ;  the  midrib,  footstalks,  and  voung  leaves  hairy. 
Ovary  oblong  and  downy.  (Sal,  Wob.)  A  shrub  or  low  tree.  Switzer- 
land.    Height  12  ft.  to  13  ft.    Introduced  1821.    Flowers  yellow ;  April. 

¥  ^,  S,  MACROSTiPULA^CBA  Forf>es  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  130.;  and  fig,  130.  in 

p.  815.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

m  T  87.  S,  incanb'scens  f  Schl,  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  120. ;  and  fig,  120.  in 

p.  813.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

m  leS,  S  Panno'sa  Forbes  (Sal.  Wob.,  1. 123. ;  and  fig,  123.  in  p.  814.)  is 

described  in  our  first  edition. 
3d  3 


774  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BlflTAHMlCUH. 


LXVIII.    AU.ICA'cEJB:    SA'LIX. 


776 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


«  89.  5.  muta'bilis  Forbes  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  160.)  is  described  in  our  first 

edition. 

%  90.  S,  ciNE^REA  L,    The  grey  Sallow,  or  ash-coloured 

Willow. 

Idtntiflcaiton.     Lin.  Sp.  PI..  1449. ;   Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  215. ;  Hook.  Br.  Ft., 

ed.  8. 
St/ntmyme.    S.  cindrea  rwr.  Koch  Comtn.  p.  36. 
The  Sete*.    Both  sexes  are  figured  in  Sal.  Wob,    The  male  Is  figured  in 

Eng.  Sot. 
Engrmtngs.    Eng.  Bot,  1. 1897. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  Na  185. ;  our  Jl^.  1466. ;  and 

J^.  125.  in  p.  814. 

Spec,  Char.,  Sfc.  Stem  erect.  Lower  leaves  entire  ;  upper 
serrated,  obovate-lanceolate ;  glaucous,  downy,  and  reti- 
culated with  veins  beneath.  Stipules  half-heart-shaped, 
serrated.  Ovary  silky ;  its  stalk  half  as  long  as  the 
lanceolate  bracteas.  (Smitlt.)  A  shrub  or  middle-sized 
tree.  England,  on  the  banks  of  rivers,  and  in  moist 
woods.  Height  20  ft.  to  30  ft.  Flowers  yellow  ;  April, 
and  again  in  September. 

5  91.  S.  AQUA'TiCA  Smith  (Eng.  Bot.,  t.  1437. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  127.;  and 
our  Jig.  127.  in  p.  815.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

*  92.  5.  OLBiFoYiA  Smith    (Eng.  Bot.,  t.  1402. ;  Sal.  Wob..  No.  126.  ;  and 

Jig,  126.  in  p.  814.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

t  93.  iS^.  GEiiiNA^A  Forbes    (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  129. ;  and  ^.  129.  inp.SlA) 

is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

*  94.  S.  CBi^SPA  Forbes  (Sal.  Wob.,    No.  42. ;    and  ^.42.  in    p.  801.)  is 

described  in  our  first  edition. 

A  95.  S.  auri'ta  L.    (Eng.  Bot.,   t.  1487.;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  124. ;  and  our 
Jig,  124.  in  p.  814.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

m  96.  S,  latifo'lia  Forbes  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  118. ;  and^.  118.  in  p. 813.) 

is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

1  97.  S.  ca'prea  L.     The  Goat  Willow,  or  the  great  roundUeaoed  Saliow. 

Jdentificatnm.    Lin.   8p.  PI..  1448. ;  Eng. 

Fl.,  4.  p.  285. ;   Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  3., 

p.  489. 
Synonyme$.  Common  Black  Sallow,  Saugh 

in  Yorkshire,  Grey  Withy. 
Derivation.     The  name  c4prea  seems  to 

hare  originated  in  the  reputed  fondness 

of  goats  for  the  catldns,  as  exemplified 

in  the  wooden  cut  of  the  venerable  Tra- 
gus, their  nampsake. 


Ii87.   S.  ekpn%. 


LKVIIl.   MLICA'CEiE  :   5A^LtX.  777 

ne  Saa,     BMh  nam  in  Opind  In  SoL  Wet.,  lad  bntli  hi  BainH  AUOd. 
AywAwi.    HiOn.  SmL,  1. 1.  C  1,  l  til.  t  1.  tkc.  i  Eng.  Bex..  I.  Ilia.;  84l.  Woh,  No.  in.) 
our jtc.lMT..  from  lliaSiJ.  >Fo1l  i  ud  At.  iks,  reonHDIlng  Ux  nul*.  unlAf.  lUR.  Uxliiiuda, 
bodi  from  Hut'i  &>(.  Ji>u_  I.  66,  R.  (  udjV'  111-  hi  p.  su. 
^>«v;.   CAor^  4'c-      Stem  erect.      Leaves  roundish-ovate,   pointed,   Bcrrated, 
waved  ;  pale  and  downy  beneath.      Stipules  somewhat   crescent-shaped. 
Catkins  oval.     Oniy  staiked,  ovate,  silky.     Stigmas  nearly  sessile,  and 
undivided.     Capsules   swelling.    (Smth.)      A   moderate-sized   tree,  with 
sheading,  round,  brown  or  purplish  brtmches,  minutely  downy  when  young. 
Britain,   in   woods  and   dry  |Mistures,   Common.      H^ght   15  ft.  to  30  ft. 
Flowers  yellow,  very  showy  ;  April  and  Hay. 
Leaves    larger     ami 
broader    than    in    any 
other  of  the  geniu  i  of 
a  deep  green  above,  with 
B  downy  rib ;  white  un- 
demeUii,  or  rather  glau- 
cous, and  veiny,  densely 
clothed  with  soft,  white, 
cottony  down;  generally 
broadly  ovate,  approach- 
ing to    orbicular,    with    . 
a   sharp   point ;    some- 
times    more    dliptical ; 
either  rounded  or  slightly 
heart-shu>ed  at  the  base ;  3 
varying   m  length   iironi 
2  in.  to  3  in. ;  the  margin 
wavy,  and  more  or  less 
strongly  serrated.   Foot- 
stalks stout,  downy.  Cat- 
kins    numerous,    much 
earlier  than  the  foliage, 
and  almost  sessile.  This 
tree,   8ir  W.  J.  Hooker 
observes,  "distinguishes 

itself,  in  the  spring,  bv  ,,„.  .  -.p_^  rt— u 

being  loaded  with  hand- 
some yellow   blossoms   beftire  anv  of  its   leaves   appear.      The   flowering 
branches  of  this  species  are  called  palms,  and  are  gathered  by  children  on 
Easter  Sunday;  the  relics  of  the  Catholic  cereroony  formerly  performed  in 
commemoration  of  the  entry  of  our  Saviour  into  Jenisaleoi, 

■  98.  S.  spbacela'tx  SmUh  (Bng.  Bot.,  t.  2333. :  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  181.; 
and^.  121.  in  p.  813.)  is  described  b  our  first  edition. 

Group  xvii.     Niffridntes  Borrer. 


fflH 


A  group  ss  difficnlt  to  define  as  are  the  kinds  of  which  it  is  constituted. 
Stamens  2  to  a  Sower.  Orary  stalked,  glabrous  or  silky,  Swle  more  or 
less  S-cleft.  In  leaves,  many  of  this  kbd  approach  those  of  the  group 
CHo^rese  ve^  nearly,  having  ovate  or  obovate  ones  ;  but  the  leaves  are  leM 
wrinkled.— Ptants  shrubi  with  bog  branclies,  or  small  trees.  (Hoot.)  The 


778  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 

term  Nigricinte8  has  been  applied  to  this  group,  not,  as  it  has  been  tup- 
posed,  in  allusion  to  the  leaves  of  the  kinds  of  which  it  is  constituted 
turning  black  in  drying,  but  to  mark  their  affinity  to  S,  nigricans  Swdtk^  a 
well-known  individual  of  their  number. 

*  99.  S,  austra'lis  Forbet  (Sal.  Wob.,    No.  103. ;   and  our  J!g.  103.  in 

p.  809.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

A  100.  S.  vAUDE^NSis  Forbet  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.   117.;   and  our  Jig.  117.  io 

p.  812.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

A  101.  S,  GRisoPHY^LLA  Forhet  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  119.  ;  and  our  ^.  119. 

in  p.  813.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

•  102.  S,   LACU^STRis    Forhet  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  116.  ;  and  our  fig^  116.  in 

p.  812.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

tt  103.  S.  CRASSiFO^iA  Forhet  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  115. ;  and  our  fig.  115.  iu 

p.  812.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

A  104.  S,  cotinipo'lia  Smith,     The  Cotinus,  or  Quince,  leaved  SaBow, 

or  Wnilow. 

Ideniifkaiion.    Smith  FL  Br.,  p.  1066. ;  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  290. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  S.,  p.  43a 
Ssfnon§fmes.    S.  ipodloea  yiUars*s  Dauph.  9t77. ;  S,  phylldfblia  var.  Kock 

Coinm.  p.  42. 
ne  Se»es.    The  femmle  b  described  in  Bng.  R,  aad  figured  in  Eng,  Bot., 

and  SaL  Wob. 
Engravings.    Eng.  Bot,  t.  1408. ;  Sal.  Wob..  No.  114.;  our>%.  1470.  s  and 

Jig.  114.  In  p.  812. 

Spec,  Char,,  4rc.  Stem  erect.  Branches  spreading,  downy. 
Leaves  broadly  elliptical,  nearly  orbicular,  slightly 
toothed,  glaucous  and  downy,  with  rectangular  veins 
beneath.  Style  as  long  as  the  linear  notched  stigmas. 
(Smith  Eng.  Fl.)  An  upright  shrub,  with  straight, 
round,  brown,  downy,  moderately  spreading  branches. 
Britain,  in  woods,  and  on  the  banks  of  rivers.  Height 
2  ft.  to  8  ft.    Flowers  yellow ;  May. 

A  ¥  105.  S.  Hi^RTA  Smith.     The  hairy-6randM  Sallow,  or  WiUow. 

IdentifleatUm,    Smith  Eng.  Bot.,  1. 1404. ;  Eng.  FL,  4. 221. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  S. 

Synonjfme,    S.  pfcta  Schleicher  ii  the  female  of  S.  hlrta.  {Forbe*  in  S4U.  Wob.) 

The  Sexes.    The  male  Is  described  in  Eng,  Fl.,  and  figured  In  Eng  Sot,  and  SaL  Wob,    The  Itaah 

it  described  in  Sal.  Wob,,  and  Hook,  Br.  Fl,  ed.  2. 
Engravings,    Eng.  Bot.,  1. 1404. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  IIS. ;  and  oar  Jig.  113.  In  p.  Sll. 

S^e,  Char.,  S^c.  Stem  erect.  Branches  densely  hairy.  Leaves  elliptic-heBit- 
shaped,  pointed,  finely  crenate,  downy  on  both  sides.  Stipules  half-heift- 
shaped,  flat,  toothed,  nearly  glabrous.  (SnM.)  A  small  tree,  remarkable 
for  Its  thick,  round,  hoary  branches,  clothed  verj  densely  with  prominent, 
close,  horizontal,  soft,  cottonv  hairs.  Britain,  in  woods  and  on  the  banks  of 
rivers.    Height  10  ft.  to  15n«    Flowers  yellow  ;  May. 

■ 

A   106.  iS^.  rivcla'ris  Forhet  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  102.;  and  our  fig.  102.  in 

p.  809.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

t  107.  S.  atropdrpu^rba  Forbet  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  156.)  is  described  n 

our  first  edition. 

A  108.  S.  coria'cea  Forbet   (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  112.;  and  our  ^.112.  in 

p.  81 1.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

A  109.  S.  Ni'oRiGANs  Smith,    The  dark  broatUeaved  Willow. 

IdemificatUm.    SmiUi  Eng.  Bot.,  1. 1218. ;  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  172. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  S. 

Simonyme,    S.  phjUdOMs.  6  Lin,  Sp.  PL  1442. 

T%e  Sexes,    SmiUi  haa  daicrlbed  both  aexet  in  Eng,  FL ;  the  female  Aran  Tanliml  ^edawns:  jw 

male  it  figured  in  Eng.  Bot,  and  SaL  Wob.    The  S,  nigr^seens  5e/U.,  female,  is  figured  la  Sal. 

Wob.,  n  the  female  or  5.  nigricans  Smith.    It  does  not  appear  that  tiie  flowen  of  the  female  have 

been  found  wild  in  Britain.  \Ho6k.  Br,  FL,  ed.  2.) 
Engravings,    Lin.  FL  Lapp^  t.  &  C  c. ;  Eng.  Bot.,  t.  ISIS.  (  and  our>^.  ST>  ia  p^  7S9. 

Spec.  Char.,  ifc.    Leaves  elliptic-lanceolate,  acute,  crenate  &  ^abrous,  with  ■ 


LXYIII.   iS'ALICA^CEiC :    SA^LIX.  779 

downy  rib,  above ;  glaucous  beneath.  Stamens  2,  thrice  the  length  of  the 
hairy  bractea.  Ovary  lanceolate,  downy,  on  a  short  downy  stalk.  (SnM.) 
A  large  bushy  shrub,  scarcelj^  attaining  the  height  or  form  of  a  tree,  with 
upright,  round,  stout,  rather  brittle  branches,  glabrous,  except  when  youne. 
Britain,  in  fens,  osier  pounds,  woods,  and  thickets.  Height  10  ft.  to  12  ft. 
Flowers  yellow  ;  Apni. 

m  110.  S.  AsV'snsosJA^NA  Smith.  Andenon'a  Willow,  or  the  Green  Mountain 

Sallow, 

taaUifleatkm.    Smith  Eng.  BoC,  S343 ;  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  S8S.  t  Hook.  Br.  FL,  ed.  3. 
Stmonffme.    S.  fihrlicifdlia  Tar.  Koch  Comut. 

the  Sata,    The  female  is  detcrihed  in  JSng.  Fl,.  and  figured  In  Ei^.  BoL  and  In  Sal.  Wot. 
Engraving*.    £ng.  Bot,  t.  8343. ;  Sal.  Wob..  No.  109. ;  and  oar>i;g.  109.  in  p.  811. 

Spec,  Char,,  4*^*  Stem  upright.  Leaves  elliptical,  acute,  finely  notched, 
slightly  downy,  paler  beneath.  Stipules  half-ovate,  nearly  glabrous. 
Branches  minutely  downy.  Ovary  glabrous  ;  its  stalks  almost  eoual  to 
the  bractea.  Style  cloven,  longer  thaa  the  cloven  stigmas.  (Smith!)  An 
upright  bushy  shrub.  Scotland,  on  the  Breadalbane  Mountains  ;  and 
England,  on  the  banks  of  the  Tyne  below  Newcastle.  Height  6  ft.  to  12  ft. 
Flowers  yellow  ;  April  and  May. 

A  111.  S,  DAMASCE>IA  Forhes,     The  Damson-^at^cf  Willow,  or  SaUow, 

Ideniifieation.    Forbes  in  SaL  Wob.,  No.  157  ;  Eng.  Bot  Suppl.,  t.  8709. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  3. 
Synonyme*.    8.  damascenifblia  Andenon  MSS. :  &  phyUdRklla  IJn, 

The  Sexet.    The  female  is  described  in  Sal.  tVob.,  and  described  in  Eng.  Bol.  Sigtp^    **  Mr.  Ander- 
son possessed  both  sexes,  but  we  have  seen  the  female  only.**  {Borrtr.) 
Engraving.    Eng.  Bot.  SuppL,  t.  8709. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Upright.  Young  shoots  densely  hairy.  Leaves  ovate,  or 
rbomboidal,  bluntly  toothed ;  silky  when  young  ;  at  length  nearly  glabrous  ; 
ffreen  on  both  surfaces.  Stipules  half-heart-shaped.  Catkins,  with  the 
lowers  in  blossom,  longer  than  the  floral  leaves.  Bracteas  (scales)  ob- 
ovate.  Ovary  stalked,  glabrous.  Style  divided,  longer  than  the  diverging 
stigmas.  (Borrer.)  An  upright  bushy  shrub,  nearly  allied  to  S,  Ander- 
Bomdna,  Scotland,  on  the  borders  of  England.  Height  6  ft.  to  12  ft. 
Flowers  yellow ;  April. 

th  112.  S,  AssosLt'NA  Forbes  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  107. ;   and  our  JSg,  107.  in 

p.  810.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

A  113.    S.  HELVE'TiCA  Forbet  (Sal.   Wob.,  No.  159.)   is  described  in  our 

first  edition. 

A  114.  S,  Fi^RMA  Forbet  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  106.;  and  our  fg.  106.  in  p.  810.) 

is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

tt  1 15.  S.  cabpinipo'lia  Schl,   (Forbes  in  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  155.)  is  described 

in  our  first  edition, 

ft  S  116.  S,  botunda'ta  Forbes.     The  round'leaved  Willow,  or  Sallow, 

Ideniifieaiion.    Sal.  Wob.,  Na  101 

SvaoNyflStf.    ?  8.  rotundifblia  Hott. 

The  Seae*.    Both  sexes  are  described  and  fijiured  in  Sal.  Wob. 

Emgraaiugt,    Sal.  Wob.,  No.  104. ;  our>l^.  U7I.,  p.  780. ;  and  Jig.  104.  bi  p.  809. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  orbicular,  bluntly  serrated;  elabrous  and  shining 
above  ;  glaucous,  reticulated,  and  slightly  hairy  beneath.  Stipules  rounded, 
serrated,  glandular.  Ovary  awl-shaped,  glabrous,  stalked.  Style  twice 
the  length  of  the  parted  stigmas.  (Sal,  Wob.)  An  uprightpgrowing  shrub 
or  low  tree.  Switzerland.  Height  15ft.  to  20  ft.  uitroduced  in  1824. 
Flowers  yellow ;  April  and  May. 

Y  117.  S.  Du'RA  Forbet  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  105.;  and  our  JSg.  105.  in  p.  810.) 

is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

At  1 18.  S,  FoRSTBR  Jil^Ni^  Smith.     The  glaucous  Mountain  Sallow,  or 

Forster's  Willow. 

MdentifUaiion.    Smith  Eng.  Fl.,  2.  p.  224. ;  Forbes  in  Sal.  Wob.,  Ka  110. ;  Hook.  Br.  FL,  ed.  3. 
P.4I1. 


780 


ARBOR£TUM   £T   FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


LXYIII.  ^ALICA^CEA:  SA^'IAX.  781 


awwuywe.    S.  fAijlkiSb]lM  Tar.  XocA  CoMm.  p.  41. 

T%e  ScMfl.    Th«  female  Is  deicribed  In  Eng,  Fl.,  and  figured  in  Eng.  Bet,  vbere  the  style  ie  repre- 

lented  too  short  iSmtiik  Eng,  Ft,U  and  hi  SaL  Wob. 
BHgroMmgM.    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  25m.  ;  Sal.  Wob.,  Mo.  110.  s  and  onr  J^r-  HO-  hi  p.  811. 

Spec.  Char.y  ^c.  Stem  erect*  Branches  minutely  downv.  Leayes  elliptic- 
obovate,  acute,  crenate,  slightly  downy,  glaucous  beneath.  Stipules  vaulted. 
Ovary  stalked,  awl-shaped,  silky.  Style  as  long  as  the  blunt  notched  stig- 
mas. {Smth.)  A  tall  shrub  or  low  tree,  with  finely  downy  branches. 
Britain,  in  Scotland,  on  the  Breadalbane  Mountains.  Height  15  ft.  to  20  ft. 
Flowers  yellow  ;  May. 

jk  119.  S,  rupb'stris  Dorm.    The  mlky  Rock  billow,  wr  Saiiow. 

Idemttfleati<m.    Donn  Hort  Cant.,  ed.  S.,_p.  S81.  {Smith) ;  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  9SS. ;  Hook.  Br.  FL,  ed.  8. 
The  Seta,    Both  sexes  are  described  in  £ng,  Fl^  and  figured  In  Eng.  Boi.,  and  In  SaL  Wob. 
Smgramingi,    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  B4S. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  111. ;  and  our;!;^.  111.  in  p.  811. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  Stem  trailing.  Leaves  obovate,  acute,  serrated,  flat,  even, 
silky  on  both  sides.  Stipules  hairy.  Branches  minutely  downy.  Ovary 
stalked,  awl-shaped,  silky.  Style  as  long  as  the  blunt  undivided  stigmas. 
(Smiih,)  A  trailing  shrub,  with  dark-coloured  branches,  covered  with  very 
fine  down  when  young.  Scotland,  in  woods,  and  on  the  banks  of  rivers. 
Height  1ft.  to  2  ft.    Flowers  yellow  ;  April. 

A  perfectly  distinct  kind.    The  branches  are  tough,  and  suitable  for  tying 
and  basketwork. 

A  120.  S.  tbnuifo'lia  L,    The  thin-leaved  Willow. 

Ident(fieaUim.    Lin.  Fl.  Lapp.,  ed.  2.,  298.  t.  8.  f.  c. ;  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  ITS. ;  Hook.  Br.  FL,  ed.  3. ; 

Borr.  ia  Eng.  Bot.  Snpp.,  t  2795. 
S^fnoninmei.    &  arbfiscula  JVaUenb.  rar.  Koek  Commm.  p.  45.    **  If  Koch  had  known  5.  tenuif^lia 

Smith  Fl.  Br.  In  the  llvrng  plant,  I  think  he  would  hare  referred  it  to  his  own  5.  fihjlidfbUa." 


(Barrer  Inji  letter.)   S.  tenuifulia  of  Eng.  Bot.  t.  218a  is  5.  bfcolor  Hook.  Br.  Fl. 

i  figured  in  E$»g.  Bot.  5twp 
Engraoii^g.    Sal.  Wobi,  No.  50. ;  Eng.  Bot.  Suppl.,  t  2796. ;  and  our  Jtg.  50.  in  p.  802. 


nke  SexcM.    Both  sexes  are  described  and  figured  in  Eng.  Bot.  Svfp,\  and  figured  in  SaL  Wob, 


Spec,  Char.y  Sfc.  Upright.  Young  shoots  and  petioles  densely  pubescent. 
Disks  of  leaves  elliptical  or  oblong,  flat,  with  a  recurved  pomt,  crenate, 
reticulated  with  sunken  veins,  slightly  hairy ;  glaucous  beneath.  Stipules 
half-heart-shaped.  Catkins  on  a  Sdott  stalk  that  bears  small  leaves.  Brac- 
tea  oblong,  shaggy.  Ovary  glabrous,  on  a  glabrous  stalk.  Style  as  long  as 
the  stigmas.  A  much-branched  spreading  shrub.  England,  above  the 
bridge  at  Kirby  Lonsdale.  Height  10  ft.  to  12ft.    Stamens  yellow ;  May. 

A  X  121.  5.  PROPi^NQUA  Borr.  The  nearly  related,  wftai4eaoedy  v^pnght. 

Mountain  Willow. 

XiralMMtfML    Borr.  in  Eng.  Bot.  SoppL,  t.  2729. ;  Hook. 

The  Sexa.    The  tanale  is  described  in  the  Specific  Cha» 

racter ;  and  described  and  figured  in  Eng.  BoL  Supnl. 
Mmgnuringt.    Eng.  Bot.  Suppl.,  t  2729. ;  and  our;%.  1472. 

Spec,  Char.,  S^c.  Upright.  Young  shoots 
pubescent  with  minute  down.  Leaves  ellip- 
tical, obscurelv  crenate,  nearly  flat,  nearly 
glabrous  on  both  surfaces ;  veins  slightly 
sunken ;  under  surface  pale  green.  Stipules 
small,  vaulted,  glanded.  Ovary  stalked, 
silky  towards  the  point.  Style  longer  than 
the  notched  stigmas.  (Borrer.)  An  upright 
shrub.  Britain.  Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.  Flowers 
yellow;  May. 

A  122.  S,  PETRJB^A  Andert,    The  Rock  SaUow,  or  ^^ow. 

XMjfQt^.    First  diatingnlshed  by  Mr.  O.  Anderson.    Borrer  in  Eng.  BoC  SuppL,  1 1788k, 

Hook.  Br.  FL,  ed.  3. 
The  Seaet.    The  female  is  described  and  figured  In  Eng.  Boi.  SmmL,  and  in  SaL  Wob. 
-  fg,    Sal.  Wob.,  No.  97. ;  Eng.  Bot.  Suppl.,  t  2725.  j  and  our>i^.  97.  in  p.  808. 


Spec,  Char,,  fe.    Upright    Young  shoots  densely  hairy.    Leaves  oblong, 


782 


ARBORETUM   £T  FRUTICETUM   BttlTANNICUM. 


serrated,  carinate,  twisted,  reticulated  with  deeply  sunken  Tons ;  beneath, 
hairy,  glaucous,  at  length  pale  green.  Stipules  large,  half-heart^haped, 
flattish,  having  few  glands.  Ovary  stalked,  naked,  wrinkled  towards  the 
point.  Style  divided,  longer  than  the  cloven  stigmas  (Borr.)  Ao  upright 
shrub.  Scotland,  on  the  Breadalbane  Mountains.  Height  10  ft.  to  15fu 
Flowers  yellow ;  May. 

iS^.  petrse'a  is  nearly  allied  to  jS^.  hfrta  Smiih  Eng,  BoL  1. 1404. ;  and  still 
more  nearly,  perhaps,  to  5.  styUris  of  Seringe  Monogr,  des  Saults  de  la  Sviue, 
p.  62. 

t  133.  S.  Amuasvta^na  Willd.  (Sp.  PL,  4.  p.  663.)  is  described  in  our 

first  edition. 

A  124.  jS^.  atrovi'rens  Forbet  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  108. ;  and  our^.  108.  io 

p.  810.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

*  125.  S.  STRR^PIDA  Forbes  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  100. ;    and  our  Jig.  100.  b 

p.  809.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

A  126.  S,  so'^RDiDA  Forbet   (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  101.;    and  our  j%.  1 01.  in 

p.  809.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

A  127.  S.  ScBh^iCHEUiA'NA  Forbes   (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  98. ;  and  our  Jig.  96. 

in  p.  808.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

A  128.  S,  GRisoNBNSis  Forbes  (Sal.  Wob.,    No.  99. ;  and  our  ^.  99.  in 

p.  808.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

Group  xviii.     Bicolbres  Borr^r. 

Bushy  SkrubSf  with  Leaves  dark  green  above,  and  glaucous  beneath,    Prin. 

sp.  131.  133,  134.  and  142. 


LJijy 


Stamens  2  to  a  flower.  Ovaries  silky.  Leaves  between  obovate  and  lanceo- 
late, glabrous,  or  nearly  so ;  dark  green  on  the  upper  surface,  Tery  glaucoos 
on  the  under  one.  —  Plants  twiggy  bushes.     (^Jiooh,) 

A  129.  S.  TBNU^ioR  Borrer  (Eng.  Bot.  Suppl.,  t.  2650.)  is  described  in  our 

first  edition. 

A  130.  S.  LAXiFLO^A  Borr.    The  loose- 
catkined  Willow. 

IdentifleaUon.  Borr.  In  Eng.  Bot.  Suppl.,  t.  2749. ;  Hook. 

Br.  Fl.,  ed.  3. 
The  Sexe».    The  fenale  i»  described  and  figured  in  Eng. 

Sot.  SuppL    The  male  plant  is  not  known. 
Engraving.    Eng.  Bot.  Sup.,  t  3749. ;  and  our^.  1473. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Upright.  Young  shoots 
slightly  pubescent.  Leaves  glabrous,  fiat, 
broadly  obovate,  narrower  to  the  base, 
slightly  toothed,  glaucescent  beneath ; 
upper  leaves  acute.  Stipules  small,  con- 
cave. Flowers  loosely  disposed  in  the 
catkin.  Ovary  stalked,  bluntish,  glabrous 
in  the  lower  part.  Style  as  long  as  the 
linear  divided  stigmas.  (Borrer,)  A  low, 
bushy,  deciduous  tree,  or  tree-like  shrub. 
Britain,  in  various  places,  both  in  England 
and  Scotland.  Height  12  ft.  to  20  ft. 
Flowers  yellow ;  April  and  May.  ,472,  4. 


Lxviii.  «alica'ce«:  Sa'lix.  783 

t  131.  S.  Lau'rina  Smilh.     The  Ijaurtl-Uaved,  or  i/tiniKg  dari-grren.  Willow. 

IdenlifeaHon.    Sn<lh  Lla.  Sdc.  Tni»..6.  p.  in.;  Hook.  Br.  FI..*l.l..p.4S6. 

Shumwhi.    S.  bknloT  Smilk  Enf.  Bal,  I.  IB06. ;  S.  ubaKuli  IViMinb.  m.  Katk  Csmm.  p.  U. 

fkr  ftm.      Tbn  hn»l>  li  deKTllMd  iD  Ef.  PI.,  ud  Agured  In  Eng. 

EnfraHma.    En|.  Bol,  I.  IMt.  1  8*1.  Wob.,  I.  IS.  i  our  jb.  MK- 1 

udA- »■  In  p-  BOO. 
Spec.  Char.,  Ise.     LesTcs  elliptic-oblong,  acute,  waved, 

and  «llghtly   serrated,   nearly   glabrous  ;    glaucous 

beneath.     Footstalks  dilated  at  the  bsae.     Stipules 

pointed,  serrated.     Bracteas  obtuse,  hairy,  and  half 

as  long  as  the  densely  downy,  ovate,  long-stalked 

ovary.  (Smili.)   A  shrub  or  small  tree.     BriiBin.  ia 

various   parts;   growing   plentifully  in  woods   and 

thickets.     Height  6ft.  to   18ft.     Flowers  jrellow;  ,„,.  t,uam. 

March  and  ApriL 


t  133.   S.  RADi'CANS  Smith.     The  rooting-AmocAfif  Willow. 

L    Smllh  FI.  Brit.,  p.  lora.i  Hook.  Br.  Fl..  ed,  1.,  p.  t3i.;  Eng.  Bot.  Suppl.,  t.  mil. 
....  riw  lamili  li  inaibaiii^i.  FI..  wk'or^  SmLlh  hu  noticed  tint  Ha  bid  not  obwrtd 

Engrarmgt-    Eng.  Bot..  t.  19&S.  ;  ^-  Wob..  No.  40. ;  And  our  ji^.  46.  In  p.  SOU. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  elliptic-lanceoUte,  with  wavy  serratures,  very  gtahrotu ; 
glaucous  beneath.  Stipules  glandular  on  the  inside.  Ovary  lanceolate, 
stalked,  silkv.  Style  twice  the  length  of  the  stigmas.  Branches  trailing. 
(^Smilk.)  A  low,  spreading,  glabrous  bush,  whose  long,  recumbent,  brown  or 
purplish  branches  take  root  as  the^  extend  in  every  direction.  Scotland,  on 
the  Breadalbane  Mountains.     Height  1  fl.  to  ^  ft.     Flowers  yellow  ;  May. 

•  134.  S,  BorheruVj  Smith.    Borrer's,  or  the  dark  upright.  Willow. 

Mntl^leatTim.  Smith  Bug.  Fl..t.  p.  174.  i  El*.  Bo(.  9u|ipl.,  t.  SSIB.  i 

nrStia.    The  mala  li  d«cribed  In  Eif.  n.ud  Jtof.  B0I.  Supply 
tad  Svured  In  Sal.  Woi.  und  Ely.  Bot.  Sappl.     Ilr.  W.  WflKn 

Engnatitn.      Sal-  Wo'b-.  No.  49.  i    Bug.  Bst.  Suppl.,  t.  aSIS.  1    onr 
j6.  147t  ;  umjft.  41  In  p.  SOT. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Branches  erect.  Leaves  lanceolate, 
serrated  wiih  shallow  nearly  even  serraturea,  very  * 
glabrous  ;  glaucous  beneath.  Stipules  lanceolate, 
small.  Bracteas  (scrIcs)  acute,  shaggy.  (Smith.)  A 
much-branched  slirub,  decumbent  at  the  base  only. 
Scotland,  in  Hi<ihtand  mountain  valleys.  Height 
6  ft.  to  toft.     Flowers  yellow  ;  April.  it»,  s.B«n.u_ 

•  !35.  S.  HwAi.i.iA'iiA    Smith  (F.ng.   Bot.   Suppl.,   t.  2701.;    Sal.   Wob., 

No.  47.;  and  our ^.  47,  in  p.  802.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 
.    ■  136.  S.  te'tbapl*  Smith  (Eng.  Bot.  Suppl.,  t.  8702.  i  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  *9.; 
and  owjig.  49,  in  p.  803.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 
■  137.  & 

•  138.  S.  FoRBESMW^.     Forbes'a  Willow   (Sal.  Wob.,    No.  51. 1   and  0 

fg,  51.  in  p.  603.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

•  139.  S.  Weigei.mV.4  Borr.     Weigel's  Willow. 
lAtui/Kaam.    Borr.  In  Bn«.  Bot.  Supply  t.  MW.  -,  Hook.  Br.  FI..  ed,  >.,  p.  4(4. 
Sntiqwr.    S.  WulAn/iku  Smith  Sag.  PI.  4.  p.  ITS, 
nr  Saa.    Both  u*  Bgnnd  In  Bug.  gal.  Si^  -.  iba  nul*  In  tal  »t».,  u  tbu  of  S.  W 

Emtr»'*V-    Vm-  BM,  Siipfil..t  KM.  i  trnjlf.  >*T9-i  and  Jl(.  4S.  In  p.  SOt. 


784  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Leaves  elliptical,  rhomboidal,  or  almost  round, 
with  a  Rhort  point,  obsoletely  crenate;  glabrous  on  both  sides, 
daucous  beneath.  Stipules  small.  Catkins  on  short  stalks. 
Floral  leaves  smalL  Bracteas  (scales)  oblong,  hairy,  longer  than 
the  hairy  stalk  of  the  ovary.  St^ le  lonser  than  the  stigmas. 
(Borrer,)  An  upright  shrub.  Bntain.  Height  10  ft.  to  18  ft. 
Flowers  yellow  ;  April  and  May. 

A  desirable  species  for  small  collections,  on  account  of  its 
roundish  foliage. 

A  140.  S,  ni'tens  Andert,    The  glittering-^atmf  Willow. 

Jdeniifietttkni.    Andert.  MS. ;  Smith  Enc.  F1.,  4.  p.  175. ;  Hook.  Br.  Ft.,  ed.  1.,  pi  496. 
The  Seget.    Both  aexet  tare  described  and  figured  in  En£.  Bot.  SuppL 
BngrawinMt.    Bng.  Bot.  SuppL,  t.  S665. ;  SaL  Wob.,  Ko.  44. ;  fig.  1477. ;  and 
^.44.  in  p.  801. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate  or  elliptical,  acute,  slightly 
serrated  ;  nearly  glabrous  above,  with  sunk  veins ;  glabrous 
and  glaucous  beneath.  Stipules  small.  Catkins  on  short 
stalks.  Floral  leaves  small.  Bracteas  (scales)  oblong, 
hairy,  longer  than  the  hairy  stalks  of  the  ovarv.  Style 
longer  than  the  stigmas.  (Borr.)  An  upright  shrub, 
nearly  allied  to  S.  Weigeltana,  and  more  nearly  to  S. 
Croweaiur.  England,  in  Teesdale.  Height  5  ft.  to  10  ft. 
Flowero  yellow ;  April  and  May.  1477.  j^ 

A  141.  S.  CROVfEA^NA  Smith.     Crowe's  Willow. 

Idtni(fleation.    Smith  Eng.  Bot.,  1. 1146. ;  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  19S. ;  Hook.  Br.,  ed.  S. 

S^mm^met.    S.  arbdscula  WahUnb.  var.  Koch  Comm.  p.  40. ;  8.  hamllif  Sehl.  it  dtad  in  8tL  IM* 

as  the  ftraale  of  S.  CroweAtia  Smith ;  ?  S.  heterophf  lla  Host, 
The  Sesee,    Both  sexes  are  described  in  Eng.  Bot.,  and  figured  in  Sal,  Wob.    Mr.  Borrer  desnsthi 

case  of  the  combination  of  the  filaments  to  be  one  monstrous  in  the  species,  rather  than  ianitB 

and  cluuracteristic. 
Engravimgi,    Eng.  Bot.,  1. 1146.  {  Sal.  Wob-,  Vo.  51 ;  and  oar  Jig.  62,  in.  p.  90S. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Filaments  combitied  below.  Leaves  elliptical,  slighdy  ser- 
rated, quite  glabrous,  glaucous  beneath.  {Smith.)  A  bushy  shrub,  with 
many  stout,  irregularly  spreading,  glabrous,  leafy,  brittle,  brownish  yeliow 
branches.  England,  m  swampy  meadows  and  thickets.  Height  5  ft.  to 
10  ft,    Flowera  yellow ;  April  and  May. 

This  iSHix,  when  covered  with  male  blossoms,  is  amongst  the  most  hand- 
some of  the  genus;  nor  are  the  leaves  destitute  of  beauty. 

A  142.  iS^  Bi^coLOR  Ekrh.    The  two-coloured  Willow. 

JdeniifleaHon.    Ehrh.  Arb.,  118. ;  Hook.  Br.  FL,  cd.  2.,  p.  427. ;  ?  Hajrne  Abbtld..  p.  fSA. 

^fnonjfmes.    S.  tenaifblla  Smith  Eng.  BoL^  t.  9186.,  as  to  the  figure ;  S.  floribdnda  Forbes. 

The  Setee.    The  male  is  described  in  SaL  Wob.^  and  figured  in  Eng.  Bot.  and  Sal.  Wob.\  mat 

notice  of  what  Mr.  Borrer  deems  the  female  is  given  in  Hook.  Br.  Ft^  ed.  2. 
Engraving*-    ^"6*  Bot.,  1 2186. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  54. ;  and  our  Jig.  M.  in  p.  8031 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Leaves  elliptical ;  green  and  shining  above,  glabrous  and 
glaucous  beneath ;  serrated,  ending  in  oblique  points.  Stipules  crescent- 
shaped,  serrated.  Catkins  of  the  male  copious,  bright  3'ellow.  Filaments 
slightly  bearded  at  the  base.  {Sal.  Wob.)  A  bushy  spreading  shrub,  vith 
short  yellow  branches,  sliehtly  villous  when  young ;  the  older  ones  rather 
a  vellowish  ^en,  quite  glabrous.  Britain.  Height  6  ft.  to  8  ft.  Flowers 
yellow ;  April,  and  a  second  time  in  July. 

A  143.  S.  PHiLLTRBiFo'LiA  BorrcT.    The  Phillyrea-leaved  Wilk>w. 

Ident^eaiion.    Borrer  in  Eng.  Bot.  Suppl.,  t.  9680. :  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  2.  p.  417. 

I%e  Sexei.    Both  sexes  are  described  and  figured  in  Eng.  Bat.  StqtpL,  the  fcaiale  In  the  frull  Iwitif 

state. 
Engraatng.    Eng.  Bot.  SoppL,  t.  26GQ. ;  and  oat  Jig.  1478. 

Spec.  Char.,  4'c.  Leaves  elliptic-lanceolate,  acute  at  eadi  end,  strongly  80^ 
rated,  glabrous  on  both  8ur&ces«  glaucous  on  the  under  one.    Stipalfls 


i.xviii.  .fALicA^CEf,:  .?a'lix. 

amall.      Young  shoots  pubescent. 
Bracteaa   (scales)    oblong,    buiry, 
longer  than  the   glabrous  stalk  of  ^-^^ 
the  glabrous  ovary.     Sty!e  as  long   j^|. 
as   the  BligDitu.     In   the  arrange- 
ment of  tne  kinds,  this  one  may 
Mand   between   S.   bicolor  and  A'. 
Dicksonuno,  in  both  of  whieh  the 
leaves  are  for  the  most  part  obso- 
letely   serrated,   aod   of  a    figure 
approaching    to    obovale   with    a 
point.      (Borrer.)        An     upright 
much-branched   shrub.      Highland 
vdleys  of  Scotland.     Height  4  ft 
to  5  ft.     Flow ers' yellow  i  April. 
*  144,  S.  DK^ioslA'KA  Smith   (Eng.  Bot.,  t. 
and  our^.  55.  in  p.  803.)  i»  described 

Group  xix.     \acfiniljhlitv  Borrer, 

SmaB,  and  gmiral/i/  prociimbenl,  Shnibi.     Pria.  sp.  145.  and  t4!>. 


u 


Stamens  S  to  e  flover.  Ovary  sessile,  downy.  Leaves  bearing  a  considerable 
resemblance  to  those  of  a  Kaeciniiim  ;  opuqiie  ;  the  under  surfiice  glaucouti. 
—  Plants,  small  shrubs,  usually  procumbent,  rarely  erect.  {Hook.  Br.  Fl., 
ed.  -2.,  adapted.)  It  is  probable  that  S.  arbuscula  L.  is  the  same  as  one  or 
more  of  the  four  kinds,  S.  caeciniifolia  Walker,  S.  carin&ta  Smith,  S.  /iruni- 
lolia  Svalh,  and  S.  venulosa  Smth.     {Borrer,  in  his  manuscript  list.) 


-»  145.  S.  f*cciNiiFo'Liji  Walker.     The  Vaeciniom-leaved  Willow, 


.En,. 


M  ur.  Baund  In  tug.  I 


Spec.  Char.,  !(c.  Leaves  lanceolate-ovate,  serrated  ;  glabrous 
and  even  above,  glaucous  and  silky  beneath,  Capsules 
ovate,  silky.  Stems  decumbent.  (Siailh.)  A  low  decum- 
bent shrub,  very  distinct  from  S.  ^mnitolia,  of  a  much 
more  humble  stature,  with  decuml>ent,  or  trailing,  long 
and  slender  branches,  silky  when  young,  though  other- 
wise glabrous.  Scotland,  on  Highland  mountains,  Hdght 
t  a.  to  8  ft.     Flowers  yellow  ;  April  and  May. 

•  146.  S.  carinaVa  Smilh   (Eng.  Bot.,  t.  1363. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  59. 

our  ^.  5!l.  in  p.  SU3.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

.■  147.  S.  ntVNiFo'LiA  Smith  (Eng.  Bot.,  t.  1361.  i  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  56.;  ai 

our^.  56.  in  p.  603.J  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

*  148.  S.  VENULOSA  Smith  (Eng.  Bot.,  t.  1362. i   Sal.  Wob.,  No.  56.;  ai 

ourj4-  ^-  in  P-  8"^-)  'S  described  in  our  first  edition. 

•  140.  S.  cs'siA  t'Ulari.     The  grey-le/wed  IViHoie. 
MrmieicaliiM.    VLUinDunhga-Tnt.:  Smith  la  Bni'i  Cfclo.,  No.  W.;  Koch  CmniP.,  p.  a>. 
g^moifma.    S.  mjnlllDldn  iffau.  Sp.  fl  i-f.me..  S.  iiratiriu Mr*.  J-i.  Silrci.  p.  IS. 
TV  Stm.    The  hnHlc  li  dnciibtd  and  (IguKd  In  Sal.  Hot. 
Bmtrmtn^.    Vlllan  Dupti.,  1. 1.  M.  t,  11. ;  Sil.  Wob.,  Ns.  M.  i  imd  oat  Jig.  60,  In  p.  Mt. 


1 


786 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Spec,  Char,,  Spc,  Leaves  elliptic  or  lanceolate,  acuminate,  glabrous,  not 
shining,  entire,  and  revolute  at  the  edge.  Catkin  upon  a  short  leafy  tinglet 
Capsule  ovate-conical,  tomentose,  seemingly  sessile,  eventually  having  a 
very  short  stalk.  Gland  reaching  as  high  as  the  base  of  the  capsule.  Style 
shortish.  Stigmas  ovate-oblong,  entire,  and  bifid  {KochJ)  —  A  low  stiig- 
gling  shrub.  Alps  of  Dauphine ;  and  in  Savoy,  upon  the  mountain  Eiucin- 
dog.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1824.  Flowers  yellow ;  May, 
and  again  in  August. 

Group  XX.    MyrtillStdes  Borrer. 

Sviall  Bilbcrry-likt  Shrubs,  not  Naiwes  of  Britain.     Prin.  sp.  150. 


This  group  consists  of  exotic  kinds,  and,  therefore,  does  not  appear  in  Hvd, 
Br.  Ft.  ;  and,  consequently,  we  cannot  quote  characteristics  thence,  b 
iS^.  myrtilloides  L.,  we  believe  that  the  epithet  was  meant  to  express  a  like- 
ness in  the  foliage  to  that  of  Kaccfnium  Myrtdlus  L. ;  and  we  suppose  that 
this  likeness  appertains  to  each  of  the  kinds  of  which  Mr.  Borrer  has  con- 
stituted his  group  Myrtilloides. 

M  150.  S,  MVRTiLLorDEs  L.   The  Myrtillus-like,  or  BUbenyJeaved^  Willow. 

IdentiftcaUon.    Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  1446. ;  Wahl.  Fl.  Lapp.,  p.  967. ;  Koch  Comm.,  p.  St. 
SunoHymc    S.  tiegani  Besser  En.  PL  Volkifn.p.  77.  (Kock.) 
Tke  Sexes.    The  female  Is  described  in  Reee'g  C^do..  and  the  male  pardy  so. 
Engravings.    lAn.  Fl.  Lapp.,  ed.  2.,  t.  S.  f.  /.  k. ;  and  oarjlg.  14S0. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  very  various  in  form,  ovate,  subcordate  at  the  base, 
oblong,  or  lanceolate ;  entire,  opaque,  glabrous ;  veins  appearing  reticulated 
beneath.  Stipules  half-ovate.  Fruit-bearini 
catkin  (?  catkin  of  the  female  in  any  state^ 
borne  on  a  leafy  twiglet.  Bractcas  (scales^ 
«j;l;ibrous  or  ciliated.  Capsules  (?  or  rather 
ovhrie^i)  ovate  lanceolate,  glabrous,  upon  a 
stalk  more  than  four  times  as  long  as  the 
gland.  Style  short.  Stigmas  ovate,  notched. 
{Koch.)  The  flowers  of  the  female  are  dis- 
posed in  lax  cylindrical  catkins.  (Smiih.)  A 
low  shrub.  Carpathia,  Poland,  Livonia,  Vol- 
hynia,  and  through  Russia,  Sweden,  and 
Lapland.  Height  2  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in 
1772.     Flowers  yellow  ;  April  and  May.  "«».  s.  niTTtinndn. 

ji  151.  S.  pkdicella'ris  Purth  (Fl.  Amer.  Sept.,  2.  p.  611.)  b  described  io 

our  first  edition. 

.M  152.  5.  planifo'lia   Pursh  (Fl.  Amer.  Sept.,   2.  p.  611.)  is  descnVJ 

in  our  first  edition. 


Group  xxi.     Myrsinites  Borrer. 

Small  buthy  Shrubs.     Prin.  sp.  153.  155.  and  159. 


DDD 


Stamens  2  to  a  flower.  Ovaries  downy.  Leaves  oval  or  broadly  elliptiol» 
serrated,  small,  glossy,  rigid.  —  Plants  small  and  bushy.  (Hook.  Br.  FU 
adapted.)    It  seems  to  be  the  case  that  the  epithet  Afyrmnltes  in  S.  Af}r^- 


LXVIII.   5ilLICA  CE^  :    S\  LIX.  767 

nites  L.  has  been  intended  to  imply  a  likeness  in  the  foliage  of  that  kind  to 
that  of  the  Kaccmium  Jiyrsinites  ;  and  it  may  be  supposed  that  this  cha- 
racter obtains  more  or  less  in  all  the  kinds  of  the  group. 

-it  153.  S,  il/YRsiKi'TBs  L.    The  Whortleberry-fccvfrf  Willow. 

Idgntification.    Lin.,  cited  Xrj  Borrer  in  Eng.  Bot.  SnppL,  t.  STSa,  the  text ;  Fl.  Dan.,  1. 1054. 

(Smith.) 
Synom^me*.    S.  Ifyralnltes  /I,  Smith  Eng.  FL  4.  p.  19S. ;  5.  arbutifbUa  WiUd.  Sp.  PL  4.  p.  682. ; 

probably  5.  MacnabidjM  MacgiUivrav  in  Jambson*i  Edinb.  PhU.  Jomr.,  Oct.  1880. 
Tke  Se»e$.    It  li  implied  in  the  Spec.  Char.,  Ac,  that  the  female  it  lu&own. 
Engrmmg.    FL  Dan.,  1. 1054.  {Smith)  ;  and  oorjig.  1481. 

Spec,  Char,  Sfc.  This  has,  like  <Si.  ^etulifoiia,  short  catkins,  and 
distinctly  serrated  leaves ;  but  these  are  more  acute,  and  of  an 
ovate-lanceolate  figiu'e ;  and  the  long  style  seems  to  afford  a  dis- 
tinctive character.  (Borrer,)  A  low  shrub.  Scottish  mountains. 
Height  6  in.  to  1  ft*    Flowers  yellow  ;  April  and  May. 

Stems  and  leaves  like  those  of  .fietula  nana,  very  dark,   and 
almost  black  when  dry.  i48ii 

jt  \o^.  S.  J9etulifo'lia  Forsler  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  60. ;  and^.  60.  in  p.  803.) 

is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

Jt  155.  S,  PROCU^MBENS  Forbes,     The  procumbent  Willow. 

Idtnt^kaUom,    Forbes  in  SaL  Wob.,  No.  61. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  3.,  p.  429. 

SMKmymet.    3.  Is'rit  Hook.  Br.  PL,  ed.l.^ p.  432. ;  8.  retOsa  Wither.  Bot.  Arr.  ed.  4. ,  2.  p.  49. 

The  Seaet.    The  female  is  described  and  figured  in  Eng.  Bot  Suppl.  and  Smi.  Wob.    The  male 

I^ant  has  not  come  under  our  notice.  {Borrer.) 
Siipwhig*.    Eag.  Bot.  Soppl.,  t.  276S. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  61. ;  and  our>^.  61.  In  p.  803. 

Spec,  Char.y  ^c.  Branches  diverging.  Leaves  oval,  minutely  serrated,  re- 
curved, bright  green  and  shining  on  botli  surfaces.  Catkins  elongated, 
thick,  cylindricaf.  Ovary  nearly  sessile,  tapering,  obM>leteiy  quadrangular. 
Style  short,  deeply  cloven.  Stigmas  spreading,  bifid.  (Borrer.)  A  low 
procumbent  shrub,  extending  along  the  ground,  with  greenish  brown,  pu- 
bescent, round,  shortish  branches.  Highlands  of  Scotland.  Height  6  in. 
to  1  ft.     Flowers  yellow ;  April  and  May. 

Ji  156.  <S^.  RBTU'SA  L.     The  retuse'Jeaved  Willow. 


+ 


Ideni^catiom.    Lin.  Sp.  Fl..  1445. ;  WiUd.  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  684. ;  Hayne  Abbild.,  p.  2S4. 

^mongme.    S.  serpylUfbUa  Jacq.  Atutr.  t.  296. 

The  Sejtet.    Both  sexes  are  d<rscribed  in  Bees^t  Cyclo.,  and  thence  in  Sal.  Woh ,  and 

below  ;  and  both  are  figured  in  Hayne  Abbild. :  the  male  is  flgurcxl  in  SaL  Wob. 
Emgropings.    Jaoq.  Austr.,  t.  908. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  139. ;  our  jig.  1482. ;  and  Jig.  139. 

in  p.  818. 

Spec.  Chitr.^  Sfc.  Leaves  obovate,  entire,  glabrous,  shining  above. 
Catkins  of  the  female  oblong,  of  few  flowers.  Bracteas  (scales) 
the  length  of  the  oblong  smooth  ovary.  (Smith.)  A  trailing  shrub. 
Alps  of  Germany,  Switzerland,  France,  and  Italy.  Height 
6  in.  to  1  ft.     Introduced  in  1763.     Flowers  yellow  ;  JVfay.  mb*.  &i«t<ku. 

Jk   157.  S,  KiTAiBEL/.i>i<  Willd.  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  64. ;  and  our  Jig.  64.  in 

p.  804.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

M   158.  S.  UVa-l'hsi    Purth  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  151.;    and  our  ^.  151.  in 

p.  818.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

-*  159.  S.  ^RPYLLiFo'LiA  Scop.     The  Wild-Thyme-leaved  Mlllow. 

IdentiflcatioH.    Scop.  Cam.,  No.  1207. ;  WiUd.  Sp.  Fl.,  4.  p.  684. ;  Hayne  Abbild..  3S5. 
Spnonyme.    8.  retClsa  Koch  y  Koch  Comm.  p.  63. 

The  Sexes.    The  male  is  figured  in  Sal.  Wob.y  the  female  In  Hayne  Abbild. 
Engravingt.    Scop.  Carn.,  t.  61.;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  66. ;  our  ^«.  1483,  1484.;   and 
JS.  65.Tn  PL  804.  ^ 

Spec.  Char»,  S^c.    Leaves  ovate,  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  Entire,     * 
glabrous,   shining  above.      Catkins  oblong,    of   few  flowers. 
^y ,        Capsules  elliptic,  glabrous.     Stigmas  sessile.  (Smith.) 
.■:i3gV    A  very  diminutiye  shrub.  High  mountains  of  France,  \^ 
'^J?^^^    Italy,  and  Switzerland.  Height  1  in.  to  2  in.    Introd.  uS\.  ii.mnni* 
14M.       18 18.    Flowers  yellow;  April  and  May.  ^*^ 

3e  2 


788 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


Jk  160.  S,  CORDIFO^IA  Pursh  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  143.,  a  leaf;  and  Jig.  143.  in 

p.  818.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

Group  xxii.     Herbdcece  Borrer. 
Very  low  Shrubs,  tcarcefy  rinng  an  inch  above  the  Ground.   Prin.  sp.  16 1.  and  16t. 


There  are  only  two  species  in  this  group,  the  characteristics  of  which  will  be 
found  in  their  specific  characters. 

^  161.  S.  herba^ceaL.     The  herbaceous4!t>o^tiig  Willow. 

Identifieaticn.    Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  9445. ;  Ens.  Fl.,  4.  p.  199. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  3. 

The  Sexes.     Both  lexes  are  described  In  Eng.  Ft.  and  figured  In  Sal.  PToft.,  Ha^me  AhiOd.^  ad 

Host  SeU.  Austr. ;  In  £ng.  Bot.^  the  female  in  fi-ult  and  flower,  and  twactea  (icale)  of  the  aa^e. 

Both  Mxet  were  Uving,  In  1836,  in  the  Twickenham  Botanic  Garden. 
Engravings.    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  1907. ;  SaL  Wob.,  No.  62. ;  and  Ho«t  Sal.  AoUr.,  1.  t.  IM. ;  ear 
JQ.  148ft. ;  axAJig.  62.  in  p.  803. 

,  Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  orbicular,  serrated,  reticulated 
with  veins  ;  very  glabrous  and  shining  on  both  sides. 
Ovary  stalked,  ovate-lanceolate,  glabrous.  {Smith.)  A 
diminutive  shrub.  Britain;  on  the  Welsh  and  High- 
land mountains.  Height  1  in.  to  3  in.  in  a  wild 
state,  but  much  higher  in  a  state  of  culture.  Flowers 
yellow ;  June* 

S.  herbacea  is  the  least  of  British  willows,  and,  ac- 
cording to  Sir  J.  E.  Smith,  the  least  of  all  shrubs. 
Dr.  Clarke,  in  his  Scandinavia,  calls  it  a  perfect  tree  in 
miniature ;  so  small,  that  it  may  be  taken  up,  and  root, 
trunk,  and  branches  spread  out  in  a  small  pocket-book. 

162.  S.  pola'ris  Wahlenb.    The  Polar  \^ow. 

Jdentj/icaHon,    Wahlenb.  Suec,  p.  636. ;  Fl.  Lapp.,  p.  361. ;  Koch  Comm.,  p.  64. 

The  Sexes.    The  female  is  described  and  figured  in  SaL  Wob. 

Engravings.    WahL  Fl.  Lapp.,  t.  18.  f.  1. }  ovsftgs.  1486.  and  1487. ;  and^.  63.  In  p.  808. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.    Leaves  ovate,  very  obtuse,  nearly  entire,  glabrous.   Catkins 
i^        of  few  flowers.     Stem  filiform,  or  thread-shaped.  ( ^'oAibi- 

Pk        herg.)    A  diminutive  shrub.    Lapland.    Height  1  in.  to  3  in. 
jU      Introduced  in  1820.  Flowers  yellow  ;  April,  and  again  in 

\0      July. 

The  branches  and  leaves  of  this  species  are  more  tender 
during  the  spring  than  those  of  5.nerbacea;  the  stem  is 
almost  filiform. 

Group  xxiii.     Hastdtce  Borrer. 

Low  i^rubs,  with  very  broad  Leaves,  and  exceedingly  shaggy  and  silky  Codaas. 

(Hook  Br.  FL)    Prin.  sp.  163.  and  164. 


□□ 


A  163.  S,  hasta^a  L.     The  hsXherA-leaved  Willow. 

IdeniHIeaiion.    Lin.  Sp.  Fl.,  1443. ;  Fl.  Lapp.,  ed.  9.,  S9S. ;  Willd.  Sp.  PL,  4.  p.  664 
ne  Sexes.    The  female  Is  described  and  figured  in  SaL  Wob.  . 

Engravings.    Lin.  Fl.  Lapp.,  ed.  2.  t.  &  f.  9. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  35. ;  oar  Jig.  I4Sa  ;  aad^^fS^  » 
p.  799. 

Sipec.  Char.,  Sfc.    Leaves  ovate,  acute,  serrated,  undulated,  crackling,  g(>* 
brous ;  heart-shaped  at  the  base,  glaucous  beneath.     Stipules  unequaUj 


LXViii.  5alica'c££:  £a'lix.  769 

beart-Bhaped,  longer  than  the  bro«d  footstalki, 
Cntiinfl  very  woolly.  Ovary  lanceolate,  glabrous, 
on  a  short  stalk.  (Snrilk.)  A  tall  shrub,  or  smoU 
spreading  tree.  Laplaod,  Sweden,  and  in  Britain 
but  rare.  Hdgbt  5fl.  to  10ft.  Flowers  yellow;  i 
April  and  May,  iBL 

farietia.  /iW 

•  S.^  2  temdita.     S.  hastiUa  WWd.  Sp.   PI.  f^K 

iv.  p.  664. —  Leaves  broadly  ovate,  heart- I^^E 
shaped  at  the  base.  ^IB 

m  S.A.  3  nuBfUia.     S.  nmliColia  SmUh  Eng.  Bol.  •^E§ 
U   1617.      (For  a  leaf,  see  our  J%.  36.  in        f^ 
p,  739.)  —  Leaves  elliptic  obiong,  tootfaed,  ' 
wavy,  thin  and  crackling,  very  glabrous. 

•  ?  ji  S.  A.  4  arbhcvia.    S.  arbtiscula  WaAI.  Fl. 

Dan.  L   1055.,    Forbei  in  Sal.  ,4b..  ..i^u.. 

u  Wo*.  No.  138.,  where  there  are 

f"  a  figure  and  description  of  the  female  plant  (see  our 

_fig.  1489.,  also  J%.  138.   in   p.  818.) ; ,  S.  arbiiscula  ff 

I   Lin.  Fl.  Sure.   p.  348. ;   S.  arbuscula  y  Lin.  Sp.  PI. 

'    p.  1545.,  Fl.   Lapp.    t.  B.  f.  m.  —  Leaves  lanceolate, 

serrated  with  distant,  small,  and  appressed  teeth,  or 

iii.iii.  "^  almost  entire. 

..  1C4.  S.  lana'ti  L.     The  woolly-Jracnf  Willow. 
Lin.  fip.  PI.,  1M6. 1  Eng.  n..  *.  p.  »». :  HmA.  Bt.  Fl.,  sd.  s, 

(h  HiH  arc  dticrtbiid  ud  tpirrd  in  £itg. Bal.  Sappl..  I.  SSM.;  both  WIC*  of  5. 
F7.  Dai*,  vt  fifund  la  Sai.  Wob. 
Lin.  n.  Lftpp,.sd.  9..  t.  S.  r.  X-,  t.  1.  f.  f. ;  &n^  BoL  Snpp]..  I.4GM.  ;  oar  Jig-  1490.1 

^c.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  roundish  ovate,  pointed,  entire  i  sha^y  on  both 
surfaces  i  glaucous  on  the  under  one.     Ovary  sessile,   oblong,   glabrous. 
Styles  four  times  as  long  as  the  blunt  divided  stignuis.  Catkiiis  dothed  with 
long,  yellow,  silky  burs.     Ovary  nearly  sessile,  liinceolate, 
longer  than   the  style.     Stigmas   undivided.  {Hook.)    A 
low  shrub.     Scotland,  on  the  Clova  Mountains.     Height    : 
3(1.  to 4  ft.  Flowers  yellow;  May.  / 

The  splendid  golden  catkins  at  the  ends  of  the  young   < 

shoots  light  up,  as  it  were,  the  whole  bush,  and  are  accom- 

tanied  by  the  young  foliage,  sparkling  with  gold  and  silver. 
t  yields,  also,  more  honey  than  any  other  salix.     Grafted  ^ 
standard   high,  it   would   make  a  delightful   little    spring-  _ 
flowering  tree  fijr  suburban  gardens,  „^  .  ,_.„ 

Group  xxiv.     MisceUdnea  A. 
KintU  of  Sdfix  ietcnbed  «  Sal.  Wob.,  and  not  incbaUd  inanyof  Vie  pTecednig 


[AM 


urj%.  I4fl.inp.818.) 


»  Forbrt     (Sat.  Wob..  No.  149.  j  and  our;%.  I 
818.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 


790  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRlTANNICUM. 

Jt  167.  S,  BERBEBiro^iA  Pali.    The  Berbcrry-leavcd  Willow. 

Identification.    Pall.  Ft.  Rois.,  1.  p.  9.  84  t.  81 ;  WflU.  8p.  PI.,  4.  p.  688^ 

The  Se*e».   The  male  ii  figured  fai  Sal,  fVob. ;  the  female  U  noticed  In  the  Spedflc 

Character. 
EngrawingM.    SaL  Wob.,  Na  140. ;  our  fig.  1491.  s  amAJIg,  liO.  in  p.  8ia 

Spec,  Char.f  ^c.  Leaves  obovate,  bluntisb,  with  deep  tooth- 
like serratures,  glabrous,  shining,  ribbed,  and  reticulated  with 
veins  on  both  sides.  Capsules  ovate,  glabrous.  (Smith,)  A 
low  shrub.  Dauria,  in  rockv  places  on  the  loftiest  moun- 
tains ;  growing,  along  with  iZhodod^ndron  chrys4nthum,  near 
the  limits  of  perpetual  snow.  Height  6  in.  to  2  ft.  Introduced 
in  1824.    Flowers  yellbw;  May.  i«i 

t  168.  S,  TETRASPE^RMA  Roxb,  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  31.;  and ^.31.  in  p.  797.) 

is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

t  169.  S,  l/UfiFo^LiA  Forbes    (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  158.)  is  described  in  our 

first  edition. 

j»  170,  S.  VILLO'SA  Forbes    (Sal.  Wob.,   t.  92. ;    and  Jig.  92.  m  p.  807.)  is 

described  in  our  first  edition. 

Group  XXV.     MiscelldnecB  B. 

Kindt  of  Sdlix  introduced,  and  of  many  of  which  there  are  Plants  at  Mtttn. 
Loddiges*s,  but  whkk  we  have  not  been  able  to  refer  to  any  of  the  ptecedag 
Groups, 


Ml 


yH 


S.  albescens  Schl,,  S.  alnifolia  Host,  S.  Ammannu2na  Willd.,  S,  ai^gostats 
Pursh,  S,  angustifolia  Willd,,  S.  6etulina  Host,  S.  candidula  Host,  S.  canes- 
cens  Lodd,,  S,  cerasif61ia  Schl,,  S,  chrysanthos  (Ed,,  S,  cinnamomea  SchL,  S, 
clethrsfolia  SchL,  S.  conifera  WangenL,  S,  coruscans  Willd,,  S,  cydoniseftfis 
Schl,,  S.  dHhisi  Hort.,  S,  eri4ntha  &A/.,  iS^.^ifolia  Waldst.  et  Kit,,  S.  finnar- 
chica  Lodd,  Cat,,  S.  folioldsa  AfieL,  S,  Formosa  Willd,,  S.  fuscata  Punk,  S. 
glabrita  Schl,,  S,  heteroph^Ua  Deb,,  S.  humilis  Dec,  S,  Jacquino  Host,  5. 
Kvida  Wahlenb,,  S,  longifolia  Miihlenb,,  S.  mespilifolia  SchL,  S,  murina  SekL, 
S,  myricoldes  Muhlenh,,  S,  nervdsa  Schl,,  S.  obtusa  Link,  S,  obtufliolia 
Willd,,  S,  obtiksi-serr^ta  SchL,  S,  pall^scens  Schl.,  S,  paludosa  Lk.,  S,  pm- 
csefolia  HorL,  S.  pyrenkica  Gouan,  S.  pyrifolia  Schl.,  S.  recurv^ta  Punk,  S, 
xalviaefolia  Link,  S.  Schradertana  Willd.,  S,  septentrionalia  Host,  S,  sile^va 
WiUd.,  S.  Starketimi  Willd.,  S,  tetr&ndra  Host,  S.  /hyroelseoides  Host,  S. 
Trevirina  Lk.,  5.  velutlna  Willd,,  S.  versif61ia  Spreng,,  S,  mocinioides  Bod, 
S.  Waldsteintofia  Willd.,  S,  Wulfeniofta  WiUd. 

Appendix. 

Kinds  of  SdHx  described  or  recorded  in  Botanical  Works,  but  not  introdtutd  ish 
Britain,  or  not  known  by  these  Names  in  British  Gardens,  DescriptioDS  and 
reference  to  figures  are  given  in  our  first  edition,  but  here  we  insert  only  the 
names. 

S,  irctica  R,  Br.,  S.  desertorum  Rich,,  S.  rostrita  Rich.,  S,  dner&scens 
Link,  S,  grandifolia  Ser.,  S.  divaricate  Pall,,  S.  hirsute  Thunb„  S.  pedicdlata 
Desf,  S,  Integra  Thunb,,  5.  jap6nica  nunb,,  S.  mucronate  Tkunb,,  S.  Hiam- 
nifolia  Pall.,  S.  Seringeona  Gaudin  ;  iSi.  senStina  Pall, 

The  plates,  which  form  pages  791.  to  818.,  contain  figures  of  leaveai,  of  the 
natural  size,  from  the  engravings  of  willows  given  in  theSaSctum  Wobmente; 
and  against  each  leaf,  or  pair  of  leaves,  we  have  placed  the  same  number,  and 
the  same  name,  which  are  given  in  the  Sa&ctum. 


'92  J  j^  iontiaued.— Adult  Leavet  lerraUd,  neeTlgn 

OSIERS    AND    WtLU)!*!. 


Lzviii.  salica'ce*:  sa'lix.  793 

j  L  continaed.— Adult  Leavei  tenxUed,  nearfy  tmooa. 


7U-1  AllUOUETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

^  i.  continued. — Adall  Leavei  terraled,  nearfy  imooti. 


Lxvni,  SALicACEiE:  sa'lix,  795 

i  i.  eontinueil. — Adutl  Lcavet  leiratcd,  nearli/  naoolA. 


"'■  "-"-^.^J''"'"""  ■""■«».c„,. 


n       I 


LXTIII.    «ALICACE£:    SAX 
§  t  continued. — Adult  Leaeet  terraird,  » 


ARBORET^T:^r  v.r  fhuticf.ium  britannicuh. 
}  i.  rontinued. —Adait  I^aret  icmitrd.  ncarlv  tmoolh. 


LXViii,  5alica'ce«:  sa'lih. 
i  i  r<mtinu«d.— ^'fa/f  Leacei  terrated,  nearly  moolk 


800  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETITH   BRITANNICUH, 

}  ).  continued. — AdvU  Leavei  teiraletl,  nearly  imootn. 


LXVni.    SALICA'cES  :.  JA  LIX.  ■  801 

f  L  CODtnued. — Aduit  Letnei  itrratad,  nearly  imooUi. 


^*''^  ARBORn-ITM     r... 

"    "'    """""TO.,    .„,„,„,^„^ 
"BKu,  Rfforfy  maali 


4  i.  continued. — Adult  Leav^t  imalcti,  nearly  tounttk. 
K.  S.  pnniniU.  ca,  C  psUrli.  n.  >:  IwMen.  M. 


AKBORETUM    ET    FItUTlCETUM    BRITANNICUM. 
^  H.     Aduil  l-eaoet  entire,  nearly  imootA. 


$  iii,     LemKt  all  tiaggy,  woelly,  or  nAy. 

niLLOWB. 


LXVIII.    ^ALICACF.£:   SA  LIX. 
J  tii.  continued. — Zitavci  aU  lAaggy,  tcoollg,  or  otty. 


AltBORETUM    ET    FltUTICETtlM    BRITANNICUM. 
§  iii.  continued. — Leavet  ail  tiaggy,  aooll^,  or  liUjf. 


Lxviii.  iALicA'cK-c:  sa'i.ix.  807 

i.  contJDueil. — Leava  aliibaggy,  waoOt/,  or  jiJty, 


AUBOKKTUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 
f  iii.  contioued. — Leevct  alt  Aaggj/,  molly,  or  nUqi. 


"""■  «uc*'e 


k 
'^ 


810  AHBORETOH    £T    FRUTICETUU    BRITANNICUM. 

$  iii.  coadnued. — Leavet  all  liaggy,  wooUy,  or  aOy. 


Lxviii.  5alicaVe^:  sa'lix. 

ontiniieil. — Lcorvt  all  iHng^,  woolli/,  or  tUkt/. 


ARBORETLM    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUM. 


LXVIII.   £AL1CA  C££  :    ^A  LIX. 
§  iii.  continued. — Leatie$  all  lAaggy,  vmolfy,  or  MtHy. 


814  AHBORETUM    EV    FRUTICF.TUM    I 

$  iii.  cODUDueJ. — ■Leavei  all  iliaggy,  uiooUi/,  or  tiHn). 


I.XVIII.  salica'ce*  :  sa'ux.  815 

§  Hi.  continued. — Leacei  ail  tlinggy,  umtllj/,  or  tUkif. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 
$  iii.  continued. — Leaoa  ail  Juiggif,  wooily,  or  nttv. 


iii.  cnntmued. — Lemet  aU  «&%gy,  tmol^,  or  aOn/, 


§  IT.     Mucdlaneoia  Kmdt. 

WILLOWS,  OSIBRS,   AND   SALLOWS. 


lxv3ii.  salica^ceie:  po^pulus.  819 

Genus IL 


POTULUS  Tmim,    The  Poplab.    Lin.  Sytt.  Dkc'cia  Oct^ndria. 


Toarn.  Intt.,  t.  3S0. ;  Lin.  G«n.,  696. ;  Thao.  Keet  ab  BMDbeck  Gm.  PI.  G«Rn. 
ninit. ;  Smith's  Bog.  FL,  4.  p.  942. 

Sfmmifmes.    PeupUer,  A-. ;  Fiq>pel,  Ger. ;  Ptoppo^  Jtal.  \  P<mUer,  DutcJk ;  Alamo,  Span. 

Derivatkm,  Some  suppoce  the  word  Pidpuliu  to  be  derived  from  jmKS,  or  pa^atlo,  to  vibrate  or 
shake ;  others,  that  tne  tree  obtained  its  name  from  Its  being  umo.  in  ancient  ttanet,  to  decorate 
the  public  pleoee  in  Rome ;  where  it  waa  called  arbor  popuu,  or  the  tree  of  the  people.  Bullet 
derivee  the  name  also  from  ;w»tite«,  bat  sap  that  It  alludes  to  the  leavee  bring  eaaUy  agitated,  like 
the  peoples  From  the  l^wnisn  name  for  this  tree,  alamo.  Is  derived  the  word  aiameda,  the  name 
given  to  the  public  walks  in  Spain,  from  their  being  generally  planted  with  poplars. 

Gen,  Char,,  ^c,  Bractea  to  the  flower  of  each  sex  laciniated  in  its  terminal 
edge.  Maleflotoer  consisting  of  a  calyx,  and  8  stamens  at  fewest;  in  many 
instances  many  more.  Female  flower  consisting  of  a  calyx  and  a  pistil. 
(0.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  entire  or  serrated,  with 
the  disk  more  or  less  oblate,  and  the  petiole  in  most  compressed  in  the 
part  adjoining  the  disk.  Flowen  in  catkms,  ereenish,  red,  or  yellow.  Seed 
cottony,  ripe  in  a  month  or  six  weeks  after  tne  appearance  of  the  flowers. 
Decaying  leayes  yellow,  yellowish  green,  or  black.  —  Trees  deciduous  ; 
natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  or  North  Ajoaerica. 

They  are  all  of  rapid  growth,  some  of  them  extremely  so ;  and  they  are  all 
remarkable  for  a  degree  of  tremulous  motion  in  their  leayes,  when  agitated  by 
the  least  breath  of  wind.  The  catkins  of  the  males  of  most  of  the  species  are 
very  ornamental,  from  the  red  or  dark  brown  tinge  of  their  anthers,  and  from 
their  being  produced  very  early  in  spring,  when  the  trees  are  leafless.  The 
females  of  all  the  species  haye  their  seeds  enyeloped  in  abundance  of  cottony 
down ;  which,  when  ripe,  and  the  seeds  are  shed,  adheres  to  every  object  near 
it ;  and  is  so  like  cotton  wool  in  appearance  and  quality,  that  it  has  been 
manu&ctured  into  cloth  and  paper,  though  it  has  been  found  deficient  in 
elasticity.  The  wood  of  the  poplar  is  so^  light,  and  generally  white,  or  of  a 
pale  yellow.  It  is  of  but  little  use  in  the  arts,  except  in  some  departments 
of  cabinet  and  toy  making,  and  for  boarded  floors ;  for  which  last  purpose  it 
is  well  adapted,  from  its  whiteness,  and  the  facility  with  which  it  is  scoured  ; 
and,  also,  nrom  the  difficulty  widi  which  it  catches  fire,  and  the  slowness  with 
which  it  burns.  In  these  respects,  it  is  the  yery  reverse  of  deal.  Poplar,  like 
other  soft  woods,  is  generally  considered  not  durable ;  but  this  is  only  the  case 
when  it  is  exposed  to  the  changes  of  the  external  atmosphere,  or  to  water. 
One  of  the  most  valuable  properties  of  the  poplar  is,  that  it  will  thrive  in 
towns  in  the  closest  situations ;  and  another  is,  that,  from  the  rapidity  of  its 
growth,  it  forms  a  screen  for  shutting  out  objects,  and  aflbrds  shelter  and 
shade  sooner  than  any  other  tree.  All  the  kinds,  whether  indigenous  or 
foreign,  are  readily  propagated  by  cuttings  or  layers,  and  some  of  them  by 
suckers.  The  species  which  produce  suckers  may  all  be  propagated  b^ 
cuttings  of  the  roots.  They  all  like  a  moist  soil,  rich  rather  than  poor,  parti- 
cularly when  it  is  near  a  running  stream  ;  but  none  of  them  thrive  in  marshy 
aotl,  as  is  commonly  supposed,  though  in  such  situations  the  creeping-rooted 
kinds  are  to  be  praerred,  as  living  on  the  surface. 

5  1.  P.  A^LBA  Xr.    The  white  Poplar,  or  Abele  Tree. 

JdaMhation.    Lin.  Sp.,  1463. ;  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  M3. ;  Hook.  Brit.  FL.  ed.  3.,  p.  482. 

Sm»omame$.  P.  Alba  Utiiblla  Jjod.  le.  9.  p.  19S.  fig.  1. ;  P,  m4}or  Mm.  Diet.  8.  Ko.  4. ;  P.  nf  vea 
Wau.  Arb.  237. ;  P.  Alba  nlrea  Hart.  MiU. ;  the  name  of  LeukS,  given  to  this  species  by  Utos. 
eorldef,  is  still  used  among  the  modem  Greeks  rsce  SmUh  Prod.,  SibOk,  Ft.  Gr^gca)  t  the  great 
white  Pwlar,  great  Aspen,  Dutch  Beech ;  Penplier  blanc,  Vprnu,  Blanc  de  Hollaode,  Franc 
PIcard,  i^. ;  Aubo,  or  Aoubero.  in  some  proTinces ;  welsse  Fftppel,  Silber  Pappcl,  weisse  Aspe, 
Wetosalber  Banm,  Oer. ;  Abeelboom,  DuOA. 

J}eri9ation,  The  specific  name  of  White  applies  to  the  under  surface  of  the  leares,  which,  when 
quivering  in  the  wind,  give  the  tree  a  peculiarly  white  appearance.    The  English  namo  of  Abeie 

do  2 


820  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

is  derlrod  from  the  Dutch  name  of  the  tree,  Abeel :  and  this  name  is  sapposed  t^  tome  to  be  tikea 
from  that  of  the  city  of  Arbela,  in  the  plains  of  Ninereh,  near  which,  on  the  banks  of  the  Tigrli 
and  Enphrates,  great  numbers  of  these  trees  grew.  It  is  said  to  be  the  same  tree  as  that  meotiooed 
in  the  BiUe  as  Abel-shittim.  Chittim.  Shittlm-wood,  and  Kittlm.  The  Dutch  Beech  b  an  old 
name,  giTen  to  this  tree,  as  we  are  informed  by  HartUb.  In  his  Compleat  HtubamOman  (1680),  on 
account  of  ten  thousand  trees  of  it  having  been  brought  over  all  at  once  fhun  Flander^  sad 
planted  in  the  country  places  ;  where  the  people,  not  knowing  what  they  were,  called  them  Dot^ 
beech  trees.  The  French  name  of  Yprteu  alludes  to  the  tree  being  found  in  great  abandanoe 
near  the  town  of  Tpres.  ^  ... 

The  Seta.    Both  sexes  are  described  in  the  EngUih  Florot  and  are  not  unfrequent  in  plantadoDS. 

Sngravingt.  Eng.  Bot.,  1. 1618. ;  Hayne  AbbiKL,  t.  902. ;  the  plate  of  thla  tree  in  Axto.  Brit,  lit 
qSul,  Tol.  tU.  ;  and  our  ^.  1492. 

I^c,  Char^  S^c,  Leaves  lobed  and  toothed ;  some- 
what heart-shaped  at  the  base ;  snow-white,  and 
densely  downy  beneath.  Catkins  of  the  female 
plant  ovate.  Stigmas  4.  {Snath)  Root  creeping, 
and  producing  numerous  suckers.  Branches  very 
white,  and  densely  downy  when  youn^.  Leaves 
angular,  and  generally  wim  three  principal  lobes, 
variously  and  uneqiudly  toothed,  blunt-pointed, 
veiny ;  dark  green  and  smooth  above,  and  covered 
with  a  thick  remarkably  white  down  beneath. 
The  leaves  vary  very  much  in  form  ;  and  on  young 
luxuriant  branches  they  are  almost  palmate.  The 
leaves  are  not  folded  in  the  bud,  and  the  buds  149^  p.  wt». 

are  without  gum.  A  lai^e  tree.  Europe,  in  woods 

or  thickets,  in  rather  moist  soil.     Height  90ft.     Flowers  dark  brown; 
March.     Seed  ripe ;  May.    Decaying  leaves  dark  brown. 

Varieties.  These  are  numerous,  but  the  principal  one,  P.  (a.)  canescens,  being 
generally  considered  as  a  species,  we  shall  first  give  it  as  such  ;  after  eoa- 
merating  the  varieties  whicn  belong  to  P.  41ba. 

¥  P.  4Z.  2  h^brida  Bieb.  Fl.  Taur.  Cauc.  2.  p.  423.  and  Suppl.  p.  63S. 
P.  dlba  Bieb,  I.e.;  ?  P.  interm^ia  Mertens;  P.  a.  crassifoUa 
Merteru ;  and  P.  grisea  Lodds,  Cat,  1836.  —  Appears  to  be  inter- 
mediate between  P.  &lba  and  P.  (a.)  canescens.  It  is  plentiful  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  streams  in  Tauria  and  Caucasus;  whence  it 
appears  to  have  been  introduced  into  Britain  in  1816. 

¥  P.  a.  3  2uxnfiUa.  P.  acerif5lia  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836;  P.  ^uerdlolii 
Hort. ;  P.  palm^ta  Hort, ;  P.  aremb^rgica  Lodd.  Cat.  1836 ;  P. 
b^lgica  Lodd.  Cat.  1836.  —  A  very  distinct  variety  of  P.  &lba,  with 
the  leaves  broad,  and  deeply  lobed,  like  those  of  some  kinds  of 
.rl'cer. 

¥  P.  a.  4  candicans.  P.  c&ndicans  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1636  ;  P.  n(vea  Lodd. 
Cat.  —  A  strong-growing  variety  of  P.  61ba  ;  probably  identical  with 
P.  aceri£51ia.  This  is  the  P.  tomentosa  of  the  Hawick  Nurseiy, 
and  the  hoary  poplar  of  the  Edinburgh  nurseries,  where  it  is  propa- 
gated by  lavers. 

S  P.  a.  5  ipgypiiaca  Hort.  P.  a.  palhda  Hort. ;  the  Egyptian  white  Poplar. 
—  A  much  weaker-growing  plant  than  any  of  the  preceding  varieties. 

S  P.  a.  6  pendula.  P.  a.  var.  ^cilis  ramis  pend6utibus  Mertens.  —  Sp^ 
cimens  of  this  variety,  of  both  sexes,  are  in  the  Linnean  herbariom ; 
and  there  are  trees  of  it  on  the  ramparts  at  Bremen. 

£  2.  P.  (a.)  cane^scbns  Smith.    The  grey,  or  common  white.  Poplar. 

rdemtffieaHon.    Smith  Fl.  Brit,  p.  1080. ;  Eng.  Ft..  4.  p.  MS. 

SynottymeM.    P.  ilba  Mm.  Diet.  ad.  8.  No.  1. ;  P.  ilba  fbUlB  min6ribas  BaH  Sum,  446. ;  F.Uba 

f&Iio  minbre  AmA.  Hist.  ▼.  1.  p.  2. 160.  ilg. ;  FeupUer  grisaille.  /V. 
The  Sexes,    Only  the  female  plant  ia  ezpreaily  described  in  the  English  Fbtra.    The  plant  iatiM 

Horticultural  Society's  Garden  Is  the  male. 
Engravings.    Bng.  Bot.,  1. 1619. ;  Hayne  AbfaUd.,  t.  901.  i  and  oor;^.  MSS. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  roundish,  deeply  waved,  toothed ;  hoary  and  downy 
beneath.  Catkins  of  the  female  plant  cylindrical.  Stigmas  a  It  is 
essentially  distinguished  from  P.  alba,  as  Mr.  Crowe  first  discovered, 
by  the  stigmas,  which  are  8,  spreading  in  two  opposite  directions.    Hie 


LxviK.  sai.icaVe«:  po'polus.  821 

bracteaa  of  [he  fertile  flowers  are,  ako,  more  deeplj  and  regularly  cut.  The 
brunches  are  more  upright  and  compact.  The  leaves  are  rounder,  more 
conspicuous!;  3-ribbed,  and  less  deeply  or  acutely  tobed ;  not  folded  in  the 
bud,  and  without  gum.  They  are  down^  beneath  ;  but  the  down  ia  duefly 
peyish,  and  not  so  white  or  cottony  as  ut  P.  Ube,:  in  some  instances  the 
leaTea  are  glabrous.  (^Smith.)  A  tree  closely  resembling  the  preceding 
species,  and  found  in  eirailar  situations. 

The  wood  of  the  while  poplar  weighs,  when  green,  58  lb.  3oz.  per  cubic 
foot ;  and  in  a  dried  slate,  38  lb.  T  oz. :  it  shrinks  and  cracks  considerably  in 
drying,  losing  one  quarter  of  its  bulk.     The  wood  of  P.  (a.)  can6scens  is  said 
to  be  much  harder  and  more  durable  than  that  of  f.  ilba;  inthesamemanoer 
as  the  wood  of  the  Tllia  europs'a  parrifolia  is  finer-gruned  and  harder  than 
that  of  T.  e.  grandifolia.    The  wood  of  both  kinds  is  the  whitest  of  the  genus  r 
and  it  is  used,  in  France  and  Germany,  (or  a  variety  of  mbor  purposes,  par- 
ticularly when  lightness,  either  of  weight  or  colour,  ia  thought  desirable ;  or 
where  an  artificial  colour  is  to  be  given  by  stoning.    It  is  excellent  for  form- 
ing packing-cases,  because  nails  may  be  driven  into  it  without  its  splitting.     It 
is  used  by  the  turner  and  the  cabinet-maker,  and  a  great  many  toys  and  small 
articles  are  made  of  it.     The  boards  and  rollers  around  which  pieces  of  silk 
are  wrapped  in  merchants'  warehouses  and  in  shops  are  made  of  this  wood, 
which  is  peculiarly  suitable  for  this  purpose,  from  its  lif^tness,  wliich  prevents 
it  much  increa^ng  the  expense  of  carriage.     The  principal  use  of  the  wood  of 
the  white  poplar  in  Britain  is  for  Sooring-boards  ;   but  for  this  purpose  it 
requires  to  be  seasoned  for  two  or  three  years  before  using.     Forthe  abele  to 
attain  a  large  wze,  the  soil  in  which  it  is  planted  should 
be  loamy,  and  near  water ;  though  on  a  dry  soil,  where 
(he  tree  will  grow  slower,  the  timber  will  l>e  finer-grained, 
and  more  durable.     In  British  nurseries,  it  is  commonly 
propagated  by  layers;  which,  as  they  seldom  ripen  the 
points  of  theu"  shoots,  or  produce  abundance  of  fibrous 
roots  the  first  season,  ought  to   be  transplanted  into 
nursery  lines  for  at  least  one  year  liefore  removal  to 
their  final  situation.     The  tree  ia  admirably  adapted  for 
thickening  or  filling  up  blanks  in  woods  and  nlantations ; 
and,  for  this  purpose,  truncheons  may  lie  planted  3  in.  ^ 
or  4 in.  in  diameter,  and  IOIl.or  ISft.high.     Owing  to    i^tr  "~, 

the  solhiess  of  the  wood,  and  its  liabilitv  to  shrink  and     V^  4jtL  ' 

crack,  it  ia  dangerous  to  cut  off  very  large  branches;    f^^     Wl^ 
and,  even  when  branches  of  moderate  size  are  cut  off,    1    '^l'     3T 
the  wound  ought  always  to  be  covered  over  with  grafl-       Si\     V^ 
ing  clay,  or  some   description   of  plaster,  to  exclude       |v    9         "^ 
the  ur.     The  tree  b  considered,  both  by  French  and      lus,  r  tijuiiimii 
Hnglish   authors,  as   bearing  lopping  worse  than  any 
other  speciea  of  the  genus ;  and,  when  transplanted,  the  head  should  never 
be  cut  off,  and  not  even  cut  in,  unless  in  cases  where  the  tree  is  to  be  planted 
in  a  hot  and  dry  soil. 

I  3.  P.  trb'bula  L.     The  tremblingJtotwif  Poplar,  or  Atpen. 

Jdtwlificatiat.    Lin.  Sp.  PI,,  1461  j  Eng.  Fl.,4.  p-MJ.;  Hook.  Fl.  a»L.«8. 
TeT^.  ptnduLi'j)-  flol;  A.p*  i  l«  Tttmbli^  Ft.-.  [4  TremoU,  Alfterffi.,  AlOerfUo.  ilflti 
'^"^he  I^liib  rime  oT  Aipm  or  Aipa  U  «»lilHitly  dttiTCd  from  Ui«  Oormiii,  apt. 

„*B«°t  1^. ;  lUjmAWirH.,  c.an.i'Hi«pl«niiB  Atb.Brit.,  m«dlt,,Tol.TU.| 

Spec.  Char.,  lie.  Young  branchlets  hairy.  Leaves  having  compressed  foot- 
Btfllks,  and  disks  that  are  roundish-ovate,  or  nearlv  orbicular ;  toothed  in  a 
repand  manner,  downy  when  young,  afterwards  glabrous  on  both  surfeces. 
Stigmas  *,  erect,  eared  at  the  base,  (Snath.)  Alarge  tree,  but  seldom  seen 
soligh  as  P.  ilha.  Europe ;  in  rather  moist  woods.    Height  £0  ft.  to  70  ft. 


822 


ARBORETUM    £T   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Flowers  brown  ;  March  and  April.    Seeds  ripe ;  May.    JDecaying  leafei 
dark  brown  or  black. 

Varieties. 

3e  P.  /.  2penduJa.    P.pendula  Lodd.  Cat,  1836;  P.  supina  Lodd.  CaL 

ed.  1836.  (The  plate  of  this  variety  in  our  first  edition,  vol.  viL)^Tbe 

only  distinct  variety  of  P.  tr^mula  that  exists  in  the  neighbourhood  of 

London. 
!f  3  P.  /.  3  kmgdta.  P.  Isvigata  AU.  Hort.  Kew.,  Lodd.  Cat,  ed.  1836.— 

Leaves  shining,  rather  larger  than  in  the  species. 

A  rapid-growing  tree,  rather  exceeding  the  middle  size,  with  a  straight  dean 
trunk,  tall  in  proportion  to  its  thickness ;  and  a  smooth  bark,  which  becomes 
grey,  and  cracks  with  age.  The  branches,  which  extend  horizontally,  and 
are  not  very  numerous,  at  length  become  pendulous.  The  young  shoots  are 
tough,  pliant,  and  of  a  reddish  colour ;  and  both  the  wood  and  the  leaves  vary 
exceedingly,  according  to  the  dryness  or  moisture  of  the  soil  in  which  the 
tree  is  grown.  The  young  shoots  and  leaves,  produced  in  the  form  of  suckers 
from  the  roots,  are  greedily  eaten  by  cattle  and  sheep.  The  roots,  from  their 
nearness  to  the  surface,  impoverish  the  land,  and  prevent  anything  dae  fion 
growing  on  it  luxuriantly ;  and  the  leaves  destroy 
the  grass.  The  wood  weighs,  when  green,  54  lb. 
6  oz. ;  half-dry,  40  lb.  8  oz. ;  and  quite  dry,  34  lb. 
1  oz. :  it  consequently  loses  two  fifths  of  its  weight 
by  drying.  It  shrinks  by  this  operation  one  sixth 
part  of  its  bulk,  and  cracks  and  splits  in  an  extreme 
degree.  The  wood  is  white  and  tender :  and  it  is 
employed  by  turners ;  by  coopers,  for  herring  casks, 
milk-pails,  &c. ;  by  sculptors  and  engravers  ;  and 
by  jomers  and  cabinet-makers ;  and  for  various 
minor  uses,  such  as  clogs,  butchers'  trays,  pack- 
saddles,  &C.  As  the  roots  of  this  tree  cniefly 
extend  close  under  the  surface  of  the  ground,  it  is 
better  adapted  for  soils  that  are  constantly  wet 
below,  than  almost  any  other  tree,  since  its  roots, 
by  keeping  so  very  near  the  surface,  are  never  out 
of  the  reach  of  the  air,  which  they  would  be  if  they  penetrated  into  soil 
perpetually  saturated  with  water.  Propagated  by  cuttings,  but  not  so  readily  i> 
most  other  species.  Wherever  trees  are  found,  they  generally  throw  upsocken 
from  which  plants  may  be  selected ;  or  cuttings  of  the  roots  may  be  made  useo£ 

It  4.  P.  (t.)  trb'pida  WiUd.    The  North  American  trembling-JbifKi/ 

Poplar,  or  American  Aspen. 

JierUiflcaUon.    WUld.  Sp.  PL,  4.  p.  808. ;  Forth  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.  2. 

p.  618. 
Sifnonvme.  P.  tremulfildei  MickM.  North  Amer.  Sjflva  2.  p.  S4I.,  N. 

Du  Ham.  2.  p.  184. 
The  Sese*.    A  plant  of  the  female  b  in  the  London  Horticultural 


1494. 


SocietT*t  arboretum,  where  it  flowered  In  April,  1835,  though  only 
Engravings.    K.  Du  Ham.,  2.  t.  53. ;  Michz.  North  Amer.  SylTa,  8. 


5  or  6  feet  high.    The  stigmas  were  6  or  8. 

N.r    - 

1799.  f.  1. ;  and  our^.  149& 


Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Disk  of  leaf  suborbiculate,  except 
having  an  abruptly  acuminate  point;  toothed;  having 
two  ^ands  at  its  base  on  the  upper  surface  ;  silky 
while  young,  aflerwards  glabrous.  Bud  resinous. 
Petiole  compressed.  Disk  of  leaf  toothed  with 
hooked  teeth,  ciliate.  Catkins  silky.  (Mich.)  A 
tree.  Canada  to  Carolina,  in  swamps  ;  and  found 
also  from  Hudson's  Bay  to  the  northward  of  the 
Great  Slave  Lake,  as  far  as  lat.  64°.  Height  20  f^. 
to  30ft.  Introduced  in  1812.  Flowers  brown; 
April.  Seed  ripe  in  May.  Decaying  leaves  dark 
brown  or  black. 


LXVIII.   ffALICA^Ef:    FO'PULUS.  823 

tta  unlet  period  of  leafing,  in  Eogland,  is  before  that  of  P,  tr^ula.  Among 
the  Cree  Indians,  the  wood  ia  esteemed  to  buro  better,  in  a  green  state,  than 
that  of  any  other  tree  in  the  countiy. 

t  5.  P.  (t.)  GKATtniDBNTA'T*  Mhhx.    The  large-toothed-^HPnJ  Poplar, 
or  Nortk  American  large  Atpm. 

/dnMcntuB.    Hlehi,  F1,  Bor.  ABMr..  &  p.  Ml.  t  Panb  Yi.  Amsr.  Sept.,  1.  p.  filt. 
7^  iaa.    Tbe  fewtle  li  Kpnuotod  Ed  AlcbAia'i  diun. 
fiwrniAv-    Hlctai.  KonhAnei.  S7l»,2.L  W.f:>,i  udwirA' 14K. 

Spec.  Char.,  4v.    Leaf,  when  young,  reddish, 

TillouB,  afterwarda  glabrous  on  both  Ear* 

facei  ;    tbe    petiole  compressed   in  the 

tominal  part;   the  disk  roundish^OTate, 

acute,  sinuatdy  toothed  with  large  un- 
equal teeth.  (Pttrth.)   A  tree.  Canada. 

Hei^t  40  ft.  to  fiOft.  with  a  trunk  10 

or  18  incbes  b  diameter.    Introduced  in 

1772.   Flowers  brown  ;  April.   Decaying 

leaTes  dark  brown  or  blaci. 
Variety. 

X  P.  (f.)  g.  8  pindula  Hichs.  Flor. 
Bor.  Amer.  ia  said  to  ban  pen- 
dnloui  branchea.    H.  8. 

The  fiill-formed  disk  of  the  leaf  is  nearly 
round,  and  2  or  3  inches  in  width,  with  laive 
unequal  indentations  in  the  mar^ns.  The 
most  omamentBl  of  all  the  poplars,  when 
the  lesres  expand  in  spring,  from  their 
deep  purplish  ml  colour. 


'xnar- " 


Spec.  Char.,  it'-  Branch  round,  riabrous.  Petiole 
compreased.  Disk  of  leaf  roundish  orate^  baving 
a  shallow  dnua  at  the  base,  and  terminatine  in  an 
acute  point ;  serrated  with  equal  teeth  mat  are 
sdpressed  ;  glabrous,  except  Mdng  slightly  dilated 
on  the  edge.  (WUld.)  A  tree,  according  to  WUId.. 
wild  in  toe  islands  of  the  Archipelago ;  but,  not 
being  included  in  the  Prod.  Flora  Oreeca,  it  is  more 
probably  a  native  of  North  America.  Height  SO  ft. 
to  00  ft.  Seeds  ripe  in  May.  Cultivated  in  Britain 
iu  177S.  Flowers  brown  j  March  and  April,  De- 
caying leaves  bhick. 
A  handsome  ngorous-growing  tree,  veir  interesting 

when  in  flower,  from  its  numerous  darkisb-coloured 


catkins,  which  have  tbe  plume-like  character  of  those 
of  P.  O^mula,  P.  tr^ida.  and  P.  grandidentita.  The 
leaves,  in  th^  ibnn,  colour,  and  general  aspect,  re- 
semble  those  of  P,  trfpida,  but  are  longer. 


ARBORETUM   ET   FKUTICETUM   BRITANNICUH. 
S  7.  P.  ni\3RA  L.     The  black-4ar*«/,  or  ammiM  blact.  Poplar. 

—mmr^..  r.  s"iii^^.'  H(U.  i0M°fl|i.!  >.  ^imloii  Da  ATafli'.  Jrilj  X  Tirtnlfauli  Art, 
p.  polfinlo  Aim.  I  Alg^ru.  CrHl,'  Kalnkl,  Ua^m  Greri  :  Uw  old  EnglWl  roplir,  Si,fW; 
l]H^iUDirPaplu,Cap>£rM)«*i>r:  WUer  Poplui  tbsfnulaDri'.  nlinticillal  tin  Com 
Tneu  SurrSl-EibBiiiidl)  Fnqilller  nolr.  PcupUtr  llwd.  Oiiw  bUncft-.)  (diniu  Pqr4 

£«ranwi;    Eii(.  Bol.,1.  ISIO.;  the  plits  of  lUl  iptciM  In  Arb.  Brit.,  Iiib]<u  raLiU.;aid<iB 

^Kc,  Char.,t^c.  Petiole  somewhat  compressed.  Diskorieaf  ileltoid,pointai, 
serrated  with  eUnded  teeth,  glabrous  on  both  surfaces.  Catkins  Ux, 
cylindrical.  Stigmas  4,  simple,  spreHdin^.  (£buU.)  A  tree.  Euni]ie. 
from  Sweden  to  Italy,  on  the  banks  of  rivers,  and  in  moiiit  wood);  tod 
round,  also,  in  the  QorUi  of  Africa.  Height  50  fL  to  80  ft.  Ftowen  dark 
red ;  March  and  April.     Seed  ripe  in  May.     Decaying  lesTe*  rich  yelknr. 

X  P.  n.  e  dridii  lindl.    P.  viridiB  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.   1836.  —  Leaves  of  i 
brighter  green  than  in  the  species. 
The  leaves  are  slightly  notched  on  their  edges,  of  a  pale  light  green ;  inl 
the  petiole*  are  yellowish.     The  leaves  are  protruded  about  the  middle  of 
May,  much  later  than  those  of  P.  fastigi^  P.  jlba,  or  P.  (a.)  canescetu : 
and,  when  they  are  Grat  expanded,  thdr  colour  appears  a  mixture  of  red  and 
yellow.     The  catkins  are  shorter  than  those  of  P.  trfmuia  or  P.  ilba ;  thn 
appear  before  ibe  leaves,  in  March  and  April;  those  of  the  males  are  of  a  dan 
red,  and,  being  produced  in  abundance,  have  a  striking  effect.     The  capsule 
of  the  female  catkins  are  round  ;  and  the  seeds  which  they  enclose  are  cd> 
Teloped  in  a  beautiful  white  cotton.     The  tiee  is  of  rapid  growth,  espedsl^ 
in  good  soil,  in  moist  situations,  or  on  the  banA  of  rivers.     In  the  chmaie  n 
London,  it  attains  the  height  of  30  or  40  (t.  in  ten  years ;  and,  when  phud 
for  timber,  arrives  at  perfection  in  from  forty  to  fifty  years,  be^nniog  to  deni 
when  about  sixty  or  eighty  years  old.   It  is  readily  known  from  all  other  spccta 
from  the  numerous  large  nodosities  on  its  trunk.   It  bears  lopping  ;  and,wlia 
treated  as  a  poUard,  it  produces  abun- 
dance of  shoots.    In  moist  soil,  when 
cut  down  to  the  ground  annually,  it 
throws  up  numerous  shoots,  like  wil- 
lows.    The  wood  is  yellow,  sofb,  and, 
being  more  fibrous  than  that  of  any  , 
Other  species  of  poplar,  it  splits  more 
readily  than  the  wood  of  dther  P.  klba 
or  P.  tremula.     It  weighs,  in  a  green 
state,  60  lb.  Soz.  per  cubic  foot ;  half- 
dr^,  42lb.  13oz.iuiddty,  291b.:  thus 
loung  mpre  than  one  half  its  wei^t  by 
drying;  and  it  loses,  by  shrinking,  more 
than  a  sixCli  of  its  bulk.     It  is  applied 
to  all  the  diifereni  purposefl  of  that  of  P. 

alba,  but  its  most  general  use  on  the  ' "'"' 

Contbent  is  for  packing-cases,  more  especially  for  the  transport  of  boUW 
wines.  In  Berlin,  the  wood  produced  by  knotty  trunks,  which  Is  curioiuh' 
mottled,  is  much  used  by  cabinetmakers  for  making  ladies'  workboies,  whicft 
are  celebrated  both  in  Germany  and  France.  This  wood  is  broii^t  from  the 
banks  of  the  Vistula,  where  the  tree  abounds,  and  hence  the  name*  of 
P.  vistul^nsb  and  P.  pol6nicB. 

i  8.  P.  (?«.)  cahade'ssis  Mlchx.     The  Canadian  Poplar. 

a.  u'mi..  but  dm  or  Mart.  £ia. ;  P.maonwtn  Bon.  Far.,  &ww.  C«r),  &?|  CMttTnA 
Mu*i. ;  PtuDlln  de  CrnxU.  Fr.  tn  Xnu.  Cotm  SAtrt.  nllt.  isn,  tens.  xL  p.  401. 

Enttati*tt.    Mich.  Atb.,S.  1.  II.;  NorUi  Amff.  S]rL,a.L  M.(  la^aafif  <«»■ 


Livni.  iJalica'cee  :  po'pulus.  825 

S^ite.  Chtr.,  ^c.   Young  brasches  angled.     Petiole  compressed.    Disk  of  leaf 
loundi^  orate,  deltoid,  acuminate,  subcordate  at  the  base,  where  there  are 
glnnds,  scTTated  witb  uDequat  teeth,  glabrous.     The  branches  are  angular, 
and  the  angles  form  whitiih  lines,  wbch  peraiat  eren  in  the  adult  age  of  the 
tree.     The  trunk  li  furrowed,  even  in  old  age  ;  lees  so  than  tliat  of  P.  an- 
eulita,  more  so  than  that  of  P.  moniltfera.     The  young  budd  are  gummy. 
The  catkins  of  the  femtje  are  from  6  in.  to  8  in,  long.  ( JficAj.)     A  large 
tree.     North  America,  in  high  rocky  places  between  Canada  and  Virginia, 
aod  about  the  western  lakes.     Hei^t  70  ft.  to  80  it.     Introduced  in   1769. 
Flowers  red  ;  April  and  May.   Seedg  ripe  in  June.   Decaying  leaves  yellow. 
In  Britain,  the   Canadian   poplar  uaed  to   be  very  commonly  propagated 
in  Durseries,  and  extensively  introduced  into  plantations  ;  but,  withm  the  last 
30  years,  tbe  black 
Italian  pophir  (P. 
moQilUera^      has 
been   substituted  . 
for  it.    Bosc  says 
,  that  the  Canadian  i 
I  poplar  approaches  / 

'  than     any    other  H 
species  ;  end  Mi-  S 
chaux,    in    1840, 
expressed  to   us 
the  same  opinion, 
and  in  short  that 

'4W    >■,  tn.)fll»l*.»W  it  was  difficult    to  uo.    p.cuud^lU. 

distinguish  them. 
Propagated  by  cuttings  of  the  young  wood,  about  Itjin.  long,  put  in  during 
autumn.     The  lirst  shoots  produced  from   these   cuttings   are  always  curved 
at  the  lower  extremity,  though  in  a  few  years  this  curvature  entirely  disap- 
pears.   The  same  thing  takes  place  with  the  cuttings  of  P.  moniltfera. 
1  9.  P.  (?  N.)  j»BTULiF0"i.iA  Porth.     The  Birch-leaved  Poplar, 
Mens&lcalion.    Punh  R.  Ama.  Sept..  3,  p.  619.  i  Sprang.  Sr't  Veg..?-p.  ?44- 
Sgwntrfiia.    p.  Dlgrt  Ulclll.  Ft.  Amtr.  Bar.  %f.\**.\  P.  boAitnici  kidu.  Art.  S.  p.  99).  t  10. 

f.  1.. Scrlh  Atntr.  StI.  a.^  sao. :  P.baAtrmMia  Bac.  inAljAd.  Cut. «1. 1S36i  American  black 

Foblar.  Amer.  \  Pmlilbir  da  la  Bale  d'Hodlcm,  iV. 
TV  Sua.    UliuuarulD  itliaiher  It  la  tha  male  or  rcmila  plant  IKat  lata  Eumpcaii  eollHtlmt. 

Spec.   Chat.,    ^c.     Young  branches  yellow.     Branchlets 

hairy  when  young.     Petioles  yellow,  and  also  hiur^ 

when  young.     Disk  of  leaf  rhomboid,  but  much  acumi- 
nated; tooUied  in  every  part  of  the  edge;  hairy  on  the 

under  surface  when   young,  but  afterwards  glabrous. 

The  catkins  are  4  in.  to  5  in.  long,  and  destitute  of  the 

hairs  which  surround  those  of  several  other  species. 

(Mxchx.)     A  tree,  found  by  Michaux  on  the  banks  of 

the  river    Hudson,  a   little  above   Albany;    and    by 

Pursh   about   Lake  Ontario.     Height   30  fl.  to  40  ft. 

Introduced  in  ?  1780.    Flowers  ?. 

Tolerably  distinct;   and  forming  a  small,  neat,  deep- 
green-leavoi  tree,  but  in  our  opinion  only  a  variety  of  P. 
nisra.     M.  Michaux,  in   1640,  acknowledged  the  proba-    ijg,.  ]..|„.)inu4r.!i>. 
bllil^  of  this  being  the  case. 
I   10.  P.  (?  N.)  monili'fer*  A^.     The  Necklace-bearing,  or  biack  IlaWan, 

Idttai/lciOKm.    Ail.  Hon.  Kfw.,  rd.  1.,3.p.*D6.i  Piinli  F1.  Amer.  S*pL,J.  p.  61S. 

Ss<v>niima.    P.  rtrglnliiia  Lib.,  Detf.  HorL  Par..  IMm.  Boi.  Call.  lorn  6.  p.  inn.,  Jiom.  dmrt 

ll-foir^'.  jiJiil.m':  pfolgraMlkataW.  Caf.Blll.lWi  />.  olgta  amertciiia  Jlii  |  p'. 


826 


ARBORETUM    £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


acUd^tca  Lindl.  In  Enc.  qf  Plamis,  p.  840.;  ?  P.  maryULndicA  Sose  Nou».  Comn,  wtU  FeupUer. 

p.  409.;  Virginian  Poplar,  Swlu  Poplar,  Canadian  or  Berry-bearing  Poplar,  MULi  PeiqiUer 

8ul«se,  Peumler  trlphllon  (see  Now.  Cotarg).  Peuplier  de  Virsinle,  Dumomt. 
Derivation.    The  epithet  necklaoe-bearing  alludes  to  the  shape  of  the  female  catUns.  whkb,  ia  tbdr 

capsules,  and  the  manner  in  which  these  are  attached  to  the  rachis,  resemble  strings  of  beads. 

Swiss  poplar,  and  black  Italian  poplar,  allude  to  the  tree  being  very  abundant  in  Switserland  and 

the  north  of  Italy. 
Tke  Se9€9.    Both  sexes  are  frequent  in  British  ooUections,  but  the  male  is  moat  abundant.   Hie 

female  is  figured  and  described  by  Watson  (see  Dend,  Brii.,  1. 103.),  who  has  figured  aoneniti 

of  the  male  flower  in  the  same  plifte.    Both  male  and  female  are  abundant  in  French  garasm ; 

the  male  is  known  by  the  petioles  of  the  learea  being  red,  while  those  of  the  female  are  white. 
Enrravingt.    Michx.  Arb.,  1. 10.  f.S.;  N.  Amer.  Syl.,  S.  t.96.  f.3.;  Wats.  Dend.  Brit.,  3.  L 101  s 

the  plates  of  this  tree  in  Arb.  Brit.  1st  edit.,  voL  vli.;  and  our  fig,  1509. 

&p€c,  Ckar,y  Sfc.     Shoot  more  or  less  an^iar.     Branch  round.     Pedde 
slender,  compressed  in  the  upper  part;  ra  some  leaves,  shorter  than  the 
disk,  in  others  longer.    Dbk  deltoid,  glanded  at  the  luise,  which  is  suh- 
cordate  in  some  leaves,  and  very  obtusely  wedge*shaped  in  others;  tip 
acute  ;  edge  serrated  all  round,  except  in  the  central  part  of  the  base,  and 
at  the  acute  tip ;  the  teeth  have  incurved  points  ;  glabrous  except  in  the 
edee,  which,  at  least  when  the  leaf  is  growing,  u  cihate ;  ed^  uldmatdj 
and  perhaps  early,  gristly.    Male  flowers  about  30  in  a  catkin,  upon  pe- 
dicels.   Bractea  glabrous.     Stamens  16,  a  little  lone^  than  the  coroua. 
Female  flowers  about  40  in  a  catkin.     Sti^as  4,  dilated,  jagged.    It  is 
rather  doubtful  to  what  country  this  poplar  is  indigenous  :  Canada  is  given 
as  its  native  country  in  the  Hortus  Kewetuis;  but  in  the  Nouveau  du  Hamd 
it  is  stated  to  be  a  native  of  Virginia.    Michaux,  jun.,  states  that  neither  he 
nor  his  father  ever  found  it  wild  in  America ;  and  Pursh  adds  that  he  fasi 
only  seen  it  in  that  country  in  gardens.     According  to  the  Hortus  liw- 
ensiSf  it  was  introduced  into  Britain  by  Dr.  John  Hope,  in  1772.    It  is 
a  tree,  according  to  Pursh,  from  60  ft.  to  70  ft.  high  in  America ;  hot  in 
Britain  it  grows  to  the  height  of  100  or  120  ft.,  or  upwards ;  flowering  in 
March,  and  ripening  its  seeds  about  the  middle  of  May.    Decaying  lesia 
greenish  yellow,  or  rich  yellow* 

Varieties, 

S  P.  (n.)  m.  2  Lmdleyknti,  Booth,    The  new  wayed4eaTed  Poplar,  FhU 

—  Leaves  rather  larger  than  in  the  species,  and  they  are  somewfait 

more  undulated.    H.  S. 
t  P.  (n.)  m.  ^foBs  variegdHs  Hort.-— Leaves  variegated;  consptcoousm 

early  spring,  but  afterwards  unsightly. 

P.  monilifera  is  the  most  rapid-growing  of 
all  the  poplars ;  and  its  timber  is  equal,  if  not 
superior,  in  quality  to  that  of  an^  other 
n)ecies.  It  comes  into  leaf,  in  the  chmate  of 
London,  in  the  last  week  of  April,  or  in  the 
bq^nning  of  May,  long  after  the  P.  fastigi^ta, 
but  about  the  same  time  as  P.  nigra,  of  which 
we  believe  it  to  be  only  a  variety,  about  which 
time  the  male  catkins  have  chiefly  dropped  off*. 
The  cottony  seed  of  the  female  is  ripe  about  the 
middle  of  May,  and  is  so  abundant,  even  in 
young  trees,  as  to  cover  the  ground  under  them 
like  a  fall  of  snow.  The  rate  of  ^owth,  in  the 
climate  of  London,  on  good  soil,  is  between 
30  ft.  and  40  ft.  in  7  years  ;  even  in  Scotland 
it  has  attained  the  height  of  70  ft.  in  16 
years.  The  wood  may  be  applied  to  the 
same  purposes  as  that  of  the  species  pre- 
viously described ;  but,  being  of  larger  dimen- 
sions, it  may  be  considered  as  better  fitted  for  being  used  in  buildings.  Poo- 
tey  observes  that  the  tree  is  not  only  an  astonishingly  quick  grower,  but  that 
its  stem  is  remarkably  straight ;  and  that,  with  very  trifling  attention  to  side 
pruning,  it  may  be  kept  clear  of  branches  to  any  required  neig^t.    For  these 


UOt.  p.  (a.) 


.   £AMCA^CE£  :   PO'PL'LUS. 


na,  he  consiJcn  it  the  n 


proRtable  of  oil  trees  to  plan 


I  Tertile  soil,  rather  moiat.     At  FontainebleBu,  the  female  tree  bears  fertile 


i  11.  P.  FASTiGii'TA  Dei/.     The  bstigiate,  or  Loiabardy,  Poplar. 

Ideulfflatian.    Dear.  Hitt.  Arb..  t.  9. jt,  4n. 

^mtwiti.  F.  djlaiiu  Aii.  Hurt-  Xia.  I.  p.  tM. ;  P.  nlfn  lUllu  Oa  Sai  Harik.  1,  p.  HI.  i  J>. 
itUIca  Mizndi  WriiituMl.n.  ;  P.  lllllFm  illUUi  WHU.;  P.  pjiunldltm  Harl.-,  P.  puntekz 
Jaeq,-.  P.  LtiUCKTU.  UToUninilaAfmdLn/;  Cfpreu  Fo^^,  TiirlQ  FopUr,  Fo  PopUr ;  Pmplln 
d'luuBt  FtupUer  pjmnldAl,  Ft-;  Lombudtfcbe  Fippd,  lUliuiicclH  PAppvl,  Gtr,;  Ploppo 

L«Db«nlT,  whcoca  w«  tk«1t«1  drl«d  tp«lni<n»  jtcd  »a«di  Iti  NoiemlHr.  1S36.  (See  Gtff^.  Mat: 

lSfl7,  ■  UD^  iiUdb  of  the  fomHie,  After  h>Ttu  raanr  jc«rt  batore  tougbt  ftultlHiLj  for  1^  unifig 
mioT  UiouHDdi  of  planu  uomd  Gentnnn.  (See  aart.  Mag..  lal.  vt.  p.  419, 430.) 
SiwmaW).    TboufaiuilJiiiuHSt.IllUn.t.lsl.ithepUWIi>  ATli.BilL,litedl[^To1.TU.;uil 
"  -  '      MS.  in  wtalcb  drcpmaita  tti* ChuId  atUtii  with  " 

itli  leedi  ripe ;  e,  a  portion  ot  A    ' 

"Kl  tit* ;  ud  Ck  I  tlnfle  flon 


^wc.  Oiar.,  ^c.  Petiole  coinpreued.  Diik  of  leaf  deltoid,  wider  than 
long,  crenulated  in  the  whole  of  the  edge,  erea  the  base ;  dabrous  upon 
both  surfaces.    Leaves  in  the  bud  involutely  folded.    A  iaati^te  tree. 


828  ABBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

Penia,  anil  apparently  indigenous  in  Italy.  Height  100  ft.  to  150  ft.  Id- 
trod.  1758.  Flowers  red  j  March  and  April.  Decaying  leaves  yellow. 
The  Lonbanly  poplar  \a  readily  distinguished  from  all  other  Ereei  of  tbU 
genus  by  its  tail  narrow  form,  and  by  the  total  absence  of  horiioctal 
branches.  The  trunk  is  twisted,  and  deeply  furrowed ;  and  the  wood,  whicb 
is  sniKll  in  quantity  in  proportion  to  tbe  bright  oF  the  tree,  ig  of  little  worth 
or  duration,  being  seldom  of  such  dimensions  as  to  admit  of  its  being  sown  up 
into  boards  of  a  useful  width.  The  leaves  are  very  similar  to  those  oi 
P.  nigra,  and  the  female  catkins  to  those  of  P.  moiulllera ;  the  male  catUnc 
resemble  those  of  P.  nigra,  and  have  red  anthers,  but  are  coiuiderablv  more 
slender.  One  difference  between  F.  bsti^ta  and  P.  nigra  is,  that  the  for- 
mer produces  suckers,  though  not  in  any  great  abundance,  while  the  lailn 
rarely  produces  any,  P.  fostigiuta,  also,  in  the  climate  of  London,  protrodn 
its  leaves  eight  or  ten  d&ys  sooner  than  P.  nigra.  The  rate  of  growth  of 
P.  fiistigi&ta,  when  planted  in  a  loamy  soil,  near  water,  is  very  rapid.  In  ibe 
village  of  Great  Tew,  in  Oxfordshire,  a  tree,  planted  by  a  man  who,  in  IS35, 
was  still  living  in  a  cottage  near  it,  was  125  fL  high,  having  been  planted  aboui 
50  years. 

r   12,  p.  angul&'ta  Ait.     The  nngled-JrancAcd, 

UnMlcalion.    Ait.  Hurt.  KCH.,  3  p.  407.  ;  Utchx.  >' 

^fmonvrna.    P.  ingulilu  Miehx,   Ft.  Sot.  Amer.  2.   p 
p.  ISO.  ;  P.  niHruphjIll  Lodil.  Cat.  t^it.  ISSB  ;  P.  1 

TMt  Sfrei.    A  plmt  At  AnptDii  Hall,  Sullblk,  ind  one  J 

Sptc.  Char,,  Sic.  Bud  not  resinous,  green.  Shoot  angled,  with  wings.  Dii 
of  leaf  ovate,  deltoid,  acuminate,  toothed  with  blunt  teeth  that  have  tbc 
point  incurved,  glabrous :  upon  the  more  vigorous  shoots,  the  disk  is  henl- 
shaped,  and  very  large ;  branches  brittle.  {ASchx.)  A  large  tree.  Vh^ma, 
Florida,  and  on  the  Mississippi,  in  morasses,  and  on  the  banks  of  tim. 
Heaght  70  ft.  to  80  ft.  Introduced  in  I T38.  Flowers  reddish  or  piupliih ; 
March.    Decaying  leaves  greenish  yellon-. 


YaritHet. 

X  F.  a.  3  nova  Audibert.— 

1  P.  D-  3  Meditx  Booth.  - 
The  shoots  of  this  species,  when  young,  are  extremely  succulent;  and,  h 
they  continue  growing  late  in  the  summer,  they  are  frequently  killed  down 
several  inches  by  the  autumnal  frosts.  After  the  tree  has  attained  the  heigt* 
of  go  or  30  feet,  which,  in  the  climate  of  London,  it  does  in  five  or  six  jem 
this  is  no  longer  the  case ;  because  the  shoots  produced  are  shorter  sod  le)s 
succulent,  and,  of  course,  belter  ripened.     According  to  Btichaui,  the  lem 


LXVnl.    ^ALICACRS:   J^PULt'S. 

vhcD  they  Rnt  un- 
fold are  smooth  and 

longon  youngplanta,   "'^■^"tA 

and    as     much    in        ^/^ 

breadth  ;    while   on 

trees  SO  or  40  Teet 

high  they  are   only 

one  fourth  the  size. 

As    an    ornamental 

tree,  it  forms  a  very 

■lately  object ;  but,  from  the  brittleness  of  the  branches,  they  are  very  lifdde 

to  be  torn  olF  by  high  wmdi.     The  wood  is  of  little  use  either  in  America  or 

England.    Propagated  by  layers,  as  it  strikes  less  freely  from  cuttings  than 

most  of  the  other  speciea. 

7   13.  P.  hetsbopbt'lla  L.     The  Tariaus-<ia;)e^leaved  Poplar  Tree. 

jljficaUat.    Lin.  Sp,  PI 

S^mam^nvt    F-  mlgDk,  fa 


ZbiUglattiiM.    Lin.  Sp,P1^14M.,  Uktai.  Fl.  BoT.  Aintr,.  l.n. 

"   "  Ib»^  tollli  mipJU,  4c.,  On™,  fire.  VH.  Is 

'.  ugCDte*  Uida.  SorlM  Amrr.  Sgiia  !.  p 


.     Onlr  tlie  mils  Ii  Id  Brillifa  guilnu. 

II.    Mdn.  Hcrth  AoKt.  Srlia,I.L97.;  N.  DuHun.,] 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Shoot  round,  tomentose.  Leaf,  while  young,  tomentose  ; 
aflertrards  less  so,  or  glabroiu.  Petiole  but  slightly  compressed.  Disb 
roundish  ovate,  having  a  small  sinus  at  the  base,  and  being  slightly  auricled 
there  (or,  as  Michaux,  jun.,  has  expressed  it,  with  the  lobes  of  the  base 
lapped,  so  as  to  conceal  the  junction  of  the  petiole},  blunt  at  the  tip, 
toothed  ;  the  teeth  shallow,  and  having  incurved  points.  Male  flowers 
polyandrous.  Female  flowers  glabrous,  situiitcd  distantly  along  the  gla- 
brous rachis,  and  upon  long  pedicels.  fMMix.)  A  tree.  New  York  to 
Carolina,  in  swamps,  and  more  particularly  in  the  country  of  the  Illinois, 
and  on  the  western  rivers.  Height  TO  h.  to  !^0  (t.  in  America ;  8  ft.  to  10  It. 
in  England.  Introduced  in  IT65.  Flowers  reddish.  Decaying  leaves 
greenisn  yellow ;  April  and  May. 

We  have  never  seen  plants  of  this  species  higher  than  5  or  6  feet ;  though 
a  specimen  tree  in  the  Mile  End  Nursery,  and  another  at  Syon,  must  have 
been  planted  more  than  50  or  60  years ;  and  though  it  is  said  by  Bosc  to  be  a 
lady  tree  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Paris. 
It  IS  a  very  remarkable  species,  from  the 
particular  character  of  its   leaves,  which, 
though  as  large  as,  or  lai^er  than,  those 
of  P.  anguUta,  and  something  resembling 
them  in  outline  and  in  position  on  the 
branches,  yet  have  nearly  cylindrical  foot- 
stalks, and  their  disks  hanpng  down  on 
each  side  from  the  midrib  in  a  flaccid  / 


it  of  the  genus.  The  young  brant 
and  the  annual  shoots  are  round,  instead 
of  bang  angular,  like  those  of  P.  angulata, 
P.  canadensis,  and  P.  monilffera.  The 
leaves,  while  very  young,  are  covered 
with  a  thick  white  down,  whidi  gradually 
disappears  with  age,  till  they  at  last 
become  perfecOy  smooth  above,  and 
sUghtly  downy  beneath.  Propagated  by  inarchms  on  any  of  the  varteli 
P.  n^ra-  If  this  species  were  grafted  at  the  hei^t  of  30  or  40  feet  c 
moniUfera,  it  would  form  a  very  singular  and  beautifiil  drooping  tiec. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANMICUM 


Shoot  Tountl.  Bud  very  gummy.  Petiole  round.  Disk  it 
.miuaEe,  or  ovate-lanceolate,  serrated  with  depresied  ttdli; 
deep  green  on  the  upper  Eiirface,  whitish  ou  the  under  one,  and  tonioitoae 
there,  but  rather  inconspicuously  so,  and  netted  with  glabrous  tciiib.  Sti- 
pules RubspincBcent,  bearing  gum.  Staroeni  16,  or  more.  (3fia&r.)  A 
tree  of  the  middle  size,  mirth  America,  in  the  moat  Dorthem  psrts,  nd 
in  Dafauria  and  Altai.  Height  40  ft.  to  50  ft.  i  in  America,  80  fl.  IntrodBced 


X  P.  A.  2  vimnalu.     P.  viminalis  Lodd.  Col.  ed.  183«  :    F.  aCdBfa 

Hori. !   P.  longifolia  f!re4«-,  Pall.  Rott.  t.  41.  B.    (Onr  j%.  1*». 

from  a  living  plant.)  —  A  native  of  Altai,  with 

slender  twiggy  branches,  and  leaves   nearly 

lanceolate.    Lodd. 
¥  P.  A.  3  latifoSa  Hort.  — Leaves  ratha  broader 

than  those  of  the  species.  H.8. 
1  P.  6.  4  intermidia  Hort.,  Pall.  Fl.  Ross    t.  41. 

A.  —  A  native  of  Dahuria,  with  stout,  short, 

thick  branches  knotted  with  wrinkles  ;  and 

ovate,  long,  and  rather  narrow  leaves ;  and 

generally  attaining  only  the  height  of  a  large 

shrub.    Hort.  Soc.  Qarden. 
"i  P.  6.  5  ttumeolmi.    P.  suBve<dens   FUcher,  and 

Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  ;   the  new  sweet-scented 

Poplar  of  the  nurseries. —  Said  to  be  more        jua.   i  i    i  i  r 

fragrant  than  any  other  form  of  the  spedes. 
t  P.  b.  efiloi  variegalii  Miller.  —  Leaves  variegated.  Hort.  Soc.  Osnt 
The  balsam  poplar,  in  the  climate  of  London,  is  the  very  fint  tree  thai  eooci 


LXIX.   BETVh&'^CEX:    ^LNUS.  631 

into  leaf ;  its  fotiage  is  of  a  rich  ganibo^  j^low,  and  ko  fracrant  ta  in  moiEt 
eveninga  to  perfume  the  surroundinK  air.  The  tree  is  remHrkablj  hardy,  but, 
imless  ID  the  vidnitv  of  water,  it  sddom  attains  a  laij^  fize  in  Eogluid,  or  is 
of  great  dumtion.  Readil;^  propagated  b?  sucker*,  which  it  sends  up  tD  abun- 
dance ;  or  bj  cutdngs,  which,  however,  do  not  stnke  so  readily  as  those  of  the 
poplars  belonpng  to  P.  nigra. 

I  15.  P.  ca'udicavs  Ail.     The  whitish-leaved  Saliam-bearitig,  or  Oniario, 

^HUgitaHa*.   Alt.  Hon.  K«w., «.  p.  we.  i  Wehx.  N  ADm.  Bjln,  1.  ^  «N.  t.  9S.  f.  3. ;  PurA 

Sgaowtni^.'  i>. iucmiitif 111  Lhidl.ia  Eatgc.tfPbmu  p.»ta.i  P. luUUl*  JItenci  jVMI.  p,33».| 
f.  DDUrlteili  Bt^.  HiM.Fat.;  P.  FDr^lM  LoM.Cal.  IRGi  p.  ciuimUdiIi  MiwmJt  Whana. 
eUbutnoCof  Vfoki.  uhlchliP.  Wl^  WUU.;  Bdm  o(  Ollnd  Tice,  Bamm,  NaMA  Amir,  i 

■nt  b— .     Tiu'  mile  U  bi  Itae  Lnndcui  HoitlailtDnl  SodMj'i  Cvden  \  lbs  fniule  It  In  lbs  Haka 
nrden  it  AhI«7  Hama,  LvTHtm. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Shoot  round.  Bud  yery  gummj.  Stipules  gummy.  Pe- 
tiole compressed  la  its  upper  part,  hairy  in  many  instances.  Bisli  of  leaf 
heart'shaped  at  the  base,  orate,  acuminate;  serrated  with  blunt  unequal 
teeth;  3-nerved;  deep  green  on  the  upper  surface,  whitish  on  the  under 
one,  on  which  the  veins  appear  reticulate.  InSorescence  similar  to  that  of 
P.  balsamifera,  and  the  diati  of  the  leaf  thrice  as  large  as  in  that  species. 
(JUBc&x.)  A  tree.  North  America,  in  the  states  of  Rhode  Island,  Massa- 
chusetts, and  New  Hampshire.  Height  50ft.  to  GOfl.  Introduced  in 
1772.     Flowers  purplish  ;  March.    Decaying  leaves  brownish. 

^,._     a  the  ?; 

rigid  fasUgiate   habit  of  that  tree,   its  line  t 
Iragrance,  and  its  property  of  throwiiv  up  \ 
numerous  suckers  ;  but  it  differs  from  it,  in  I 
bavit^  very  large  heart-«h^>ed  leaves,  and  in  V 
attaining  a  larger  size,  both   in  its  native  \ 
country,  and  in  British  gardens.    The  buds 
are   covered   with   the  same  lialsamic   sab- 
stance  as  those  of  P.  balsamifera ;  and  tbe 
leaves  are  of  the  same  fine  yellow  colour  in 
spring  though  they  come  out  a  fortni^t 
later.     Like  those  of  tbe  balsam  poplar,  they 
preserve,  at  all  stues  of  thdr  growth,  the 
seme  shape.     Readily  propagated  by  cuttinga 

or  suckers,  but  the   tree  will  not  attain  a  ^i,.  Acindi„„t 

large  size  unless  on   rich   soil  near  water; 
though,  as  the  roots  creep  along  the  surfece,  the  soil  need  not  be  deep. 


Order  LXIX.     SETULAX::E.<E. 
OSD.  Chah.  Ftoweu  hermaphrodite,  or  unisexual.  Perianih  fi-ee,  4 — 5  lobed. 

Stamem  4—18.     Ovarium  solitary.     Sunuu  8,  distinct.     Fnat  indebiscent, 

2-celled,  compressed,  sometimes  expanded  into  wings  at  the  sides,     Seedt 

solitary  in  the  cells,  pendulous.     Albumea  none.  (G.  Don.) 

Leavei  nmple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  entire  or  serrated.    Flfoert 

in  terminal  catkins.  —  Trees  deciduous  j  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  Korth 

America.     Prtqwgated  by  seeds  or  layers. 

The  genets  are  two,  which  are  thus  contra-distingui^ed :  — 
./I'lnus  Toum.     Female  catkins  cylindtical ;  seedafomishedwithamembrant 

on  each  side. 
Bm'rViJL  Toum.     Female   catkins  oral,  borne  on  a  branchy  peduncle ;  seeds 

not  bordered  with  membranes. 


832 


ARBORETUM  ET  FRin'ICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


Genus  I. 

.4'LNUS  Tbum.    The  Alder.    Lin.  Syit.   MoD<E''ciB  Tetrftndria 


^ 


IM 


Idenlificalion.    Tourn.,  t.  359. ;  WlUd.  Sp.  PI.,  «.  p.  334. ;  HaU.  Hkt..  2.  p.  300. ;  Gartn.,  L 
Sunonyme$.    .fffitalc  ipeclet  Lin. ;  Aune,  Fr. ;  Erie,  Ger.\  Ontano,  Ital. ;  Allio,  Spam, 
Derivation.    From  a/,  near,  and  Ian,  the  edge  of  a  nver,  CelUc;  habitat :  from  the  Hebrew,  aim, 
an  oak :  or,  according  to  otheri,  ttom  aliiur  anme,  it  thrires  bj  the  riTer. 

Gen,  Cfuar.  Barren  flowers  numerous,  aggregate,  in  a  loose  cylindrical  caddo 
Co^jra  permanent  wedge-shaped  scale,  Showered,  with  two  very  minute  lateral 
scales.  Corolla  composed  of  three  equal  florets.  Filaments  4,  from  the 
tube  of  the  corolla.  Anthers  of  two  round  lobes. —  Fertile  flowers  fewer, 
iiggregate,  in  an  oval  firm  catkin.  Calyx  a  permanent  wedge-shaped  scale, 
2-Howered.  Corolla  none.  Styles  2.  Stigma  simple.  Ntii  ovate,  withoot 
wings.  ((?.  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  serrated  or  entire.  Fknoen 
terminal,  greenish  white,  appearing  earlier  than  the  foliage,  in  pendukws 
catkins. — Trees  deciduous,  natives  of  Europe  and  North  America;  nr^j 
exceeding  the  middle  size,  and  some  so  low  as  to  be  considered  shrubs. 

With  the  exception  of  A,  glutinosa  lacini4ta  and  A.  cordifolia,  the  species 
are  not  very  ornamental ;  nor  is  the  timber  of  great  value,  except  for  the 
charcoal  which  may  be  made  from  it.  All  the  species  prefer  a  moist  soil, 
or  one  in  the  vicinity  of  water.  A,  glutindsa  ripens  seeds  freely,  as  do  most 
of  the  other  sorts ;  but  all  the  latter  are  generally  propagated  by  layerai  De- 
caying leaves  dark  brown  or  black,  and  not  very  ornamental. 

t  I,  A,  GLUTINOUS  A  G^ertn^    The  glutinous,  or  common^  Alder. 

llentification.    Gcprtn.,  2.  p.  64. ;  Ens.  Fl.,  4.  p.  131. :  Hook.  Lond.,  1 09.;  Scot.,  S7I. 
Si/nonffmet.    J9^tulut  J'lnus  X/n. ;  Jv.  emarglnkta  EMrk.  Art.  9.;  ^'Iniu  if  At  %n.  443. :  Aaoe, 

Fr. ;  gemeine  Else,  or  Elier,  or  ichwarti  Erie,  Gtr.  \  Elienboom,  Dutch ;  Amo,  or  ODtam, 

ItaL  ;  Aliio,  or  Alamo  nlgro.  Span. 
Engravings.    Rng.  Bot..  1. 1506.;  Hunt.  Evel.  Syl.,  240.  f. ;  the  plate  of  this  cpedes  in  Arb.  Brtt^ 

lit  edit,  vol.  vii. ;  and  oaxftg.  1514. 

Spec,  Char,y  S^c,  Leaves  roundish,  wedge-shaped,  wavy,  serrated,  glutinoiB^ 
rather  abrupt ;  downy  at  the  branchmg  of  the  veins  beneath.  (SmUk)  A 
deciduous  tree.  Europe,  from  Lapland  to  Gibraltar  ;  and  Asia,  from  the 
White  Sea  to  Mount  Caucasus  ;  and  also  the  North  of  Africa.  Ud^ 
30  ft.  to  60  ft.  Flowers  brownish ;  March  and  April.  Fruit  brown ;  npe 
in  October.    Decaying  leaves  brownish  black,  or  almost  black. 

Varieties, 

*t  A.  g.  2  emargjmata  WiUd.  Baum.    p.  19.  -^  Leaves    neariy  round, 

wedge-shaped,  and  edged  with  light  green. 
1^  A.  g.  3  lacinidta  Ait.,  Willd.  1.  c,  Lodd. 

Cat.  ed.  1836.   A.  g.  incisa  Hort.    (The 

plate  of  a  fine  tree  at  Syon,  in  Arb.  Brit,, 

Ist  edit,  vol.  vii. ;  and  our  Jig.  1512.)  — 

Leaves  oblong  and  pinnatifid,  with  the 

lobes  acute.    Wild  in  the  north  of  France, 

particularly  in  Normandy,  and  in  the  woods 

of  Montmorency  near  Paris. 
A.  g.  4  quercijolia  Willd.  1.    c. — Leaves 

sinuated,  with  the  lobes  obtuse. 
A.  g,  5  oxyacantluBfolia,    A,  oxyacanthae- 

foUa   Lodd,    Cat,  ed.  1836.       rOur  flg. 

1513.)  — -  Leaves    sinuated  and  lobed  ; 

smaller  than  those  of  the  preceding  va- 
riety, and  somewhat  resembling  those  of  ^'*'* 

the  common  hawthorn.  i^,^  ^^ 


»A  «. 


i.xix.  jetula'ce*:  ^lnus. 


•drpa.     A.  macrocArpa  Lodd.  Cat. 
's  and  fruit  rather  lurger  than  those 
of  (he  sjiecLcs,  and  the  tree  is  ulso  of  somewhat 
more  vigorous  py>wth. 
1  A.  g.  7  filut  variegalit  Hort,  —  Leaves  variegated. 
Olhcr  Varielies,     The  follouiiig  names  are  applied  to  ^ 
plants  in  the  collection  of  Kkssrs.  Loilcliges  :  A.  n^m, 
A.  ruAm,  a  native  of  the  Islanii  of  Sitcha,  A.  jilicrila,  and 
A.  imduldla.  , 

The  alder,  in  a  wihl  stute,  is  seldom  seen  higher  than  40 
'  t)r  50  feet ;  but,  in  good  soil  ne.r  water,  it  will  attain  the 
height  of  50  or  6l>  feet  and  upwards.  A.  g.  hiclniata 
forms  a  handsome  pyramidal  tree,  which,  at  Syon,  has 
attained  the  height  of  G3  ft.  (  and  at  Wt^um  Farm,  neur 
Chertsej-,  is  still  higher.  The  rate  of  growth  oS  the  alder. 
In  a  favourable  soil  and  situation,  is  about  2  or  3  feet  a 
year  for  four  or  five  yeurs ;  bo  that  a  trtc  10  years  pUnted 
will  frequently  attain  the  height  of  20  or  25  feet ;  and  at 
60  yearis  the  tree  is  supposed  to  have  arrived  at  maturity.  ,j|j  ^  Kuub«fai 
The  roots  are  creeping;  and  sometimes,  but  rarely,  they  '   '" 

throw  up  suckers.    The  tree  does  not  associate  well  with  others,  with  the  e: 
ception  of  the  a.^h  (Baudril.) ;  but  its  shiule  and  fiillcn  leaves 
to  grass.     Near  water  it  retains  its  leat   ~ 
longer  than   any  other   British   deciduo 
tree.     The  wood,  though  soft,  is  of  great 
durability  in  water.    It  weiphs,  when  gre?ti, 
(iif  tb.  6  oz.  ;    hair-<lry,   iH  lb.   8  oz.  ; 
quite  dry,  39  lb.  i  oi.,  per  cubic  foot ; 
losing  above  a  third  of  its  wei^rht  by  drying, 
while  it  shrinks  nbout  a  twellth  part  u' 
hulk.      In   the   Diclioniiairf    dct  1  >n 
h'l.'cU,  the  wood  h  suid  lo  be  unLlmn^e- 
ablc  either  in  water  or  earth      It  is  i  -,cd 
fur  all  (he  varioiis  purposes  to  whiih  ^ott 
homogeneous  woods  are  generally  apj  lied 
viz.  fur    turnery,   sculpture,   and  cabinet 
laaking ;  for  wooden  lessels,  such  as 
plates,   and  kneading-troughs     fur 
wooden  soles  to  shoes  and  pattens,  ilogs 
fur  women,  and  similar  purposes       At  Ciilieai 
ust'd  as  a  nurse  plant  m  situations  e\posed  t 
Ma",  for  1811.) 

For  raising  the  alder  from  seeds,  the  calkins  should  be  gathered  in  dry 
wuHther,  as  soon  as  ihe  stids  ^n.  matured,  and  carried  to  a  tuft,  where  they 
should  be  spread  out  thmlj  The  proper  time  of  souing  is  March  ;  und 
the  covering,  which  ought  to  be  of  very  tight  soil,  should  on  no  uccouni 
exceed  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  thickness.  The  pbnts  from  spring-sown 
seeds  will  attain  the  height  of  from  Sin.  to  6in.  the  first  siimuier.  The 
second  year  they  will  be  double  or  treble  that  height ;  and  in  three  or 
four  years,  if  properly  treated,  they  will  be  5  or  6  feet  high.  The  luitstry 
culture  and  iiftcr-munHgenient  in  plantations  have  nothing  jicculiar  in  tlitm  i 
except  that,  when  fu]l-;:i'awn  trees  are  to  be  cut  down,  it  is  advisable  to  dinbiirk 
ihem  a  year  btfore,  that  the  wood,  which  is  very  watery,  may  lie  ihoroiiglily 
seasoned  1  a  practice  as  old  as  the  time  of  Evelyn.  When  alders  are  cut 
down  8s  coppice-wciod  in  spring,  when  the  sap  is  in  tnotion,  care  should 
be  taken  that  the  cuts  are  not  made  luler  than  March ;  and  that  they  are  in 
a  sloping  direction  upuards.  If,  at  (his  season,  the  cuts  are  made  down- 
wards, tne  section  which  i       ' 


1  the  stool  will  be  BO  fer  frnctiircd  a 


834 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


by  the  exudation  of  the  sap  aod  the  admission  of  the  weather,  no 
to  throw  up  vigorous  shoots,  and  it  will  decay  in  a  few  years. 

X  2.  A.  oblonga'ta  Wiiid.     The  oblong-leaved  Alder. 

Identification.     WUld.  Sp.  PL,  4.  p.  83ft. ;  Baum.,  p.  20. ; 

N.  Du  Ham.,  S.  p.  215. 
Sunonvmes.    Ainu*  foL  oblong.,  &c,  Bauh. ;  A.  fol.  oraco- 

lanceoL,  &c..  Mill-  Diet.  ed.  7. ;  langliche  El«e.  Ger. 
Rngraving$.    Our  fig.  \^\^.  from  a  specimen  in  Sir  W.  J. 

Hookers  herbarium  ;  and /%.  1616.  from  a  specimen  in 

Che  Museum  of  the  Jardin  de«  Plantes. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.      Leaves  elliptic,  somewhat 

obtuse,  glutinous  ;  axils         . 
of  the  veins  naked  on   ^^<!^ 
the  under  8ide.(  WUld.)  A    ^ 
large  deciduous  shrub  or 
low  tree.  Hungary,  Aus- 
tria, and  Turkey.  Height 
20  ft.  to   30  ft.      Intro- 
duced in  1749.    Flowers 
greenish  ;     March     and 
April.  Fruit  brown ;  ripe 
in  October  or  November. 

Variety, 

•  t  A.  o.  2  film  ellip- 
tieit  Ait.    A.  pu- 
mila    Lodd.   Cat. 
— The  leaves  are 
somewhat  narrower  than  in  the  species. 

^  3.  A.  inca'na  WUld.    The  hoBry-leawd  Alder. 

Jtientifleatian.     Wllld.  Sp.  PL,  4.  p.  335.;  N.  Du 
Mam.,  2.  p.  215. ;  H&s  Anlcitung.  p.  190. 


1515.    A.Moatkt*. 


1516,    A.tMimt0i»- 


Synoiufmet.  B.  illnus  rar.  Incftna  Lm,  Sp.  PI.  1394. ; 
B.  (ncina  Lin.  Suppl. ;  B.  Tlridls  VilL  Dauph.  2. 
p.  789. 1  weiase  Erie,  graue  Else,  or  weisse  EUer, 


Ger. 
Engravings. 
1517. 


ncina  Lin.  Suppl. ;  B.  Tlridls  VUL    Dauph.  2. 

Use,  or 

Hajme  Abbild.,  t.  136. ;  and  our  ftg. 


1A17.  A» 


Spec.  Char.^  Sfc.  'Leaves  oblong,  acute, 
pubescent  beneath  ;  axils  of  the  veins 
naked.  Stipules  lanceolate.  {WUld.) 
A  deciduous  tree.  Lapland,  Sweden, 
and  Prussia;  and  on  the  hills  in  Aus- 
tria, Carniola,  the  Ukraine,  Tyrol,  and 
Switzerland ;  also  in  North  America. 
Height  50  ft.  to  70  ft.  Introduced  in 
1780.  Flowers  greenish;  March  and 
April.    Fruit  brown ;  ripe  in  October. 

Varieties. 

It  A.  t.  2  lacinidta  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  —  The  leaves  are  slightly  l*ci> 

niated.     Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 
t  A.  i.  3  glauca,    A.  glauca  Michx.  N.  Anter.  Sylv. ;  ^etula  incana  w. 
glauca  AU. ;  Black  Alder,  Amer.  —  The  leaves  are  daric  green  abore, 
and  glaucous  beneath  :  the  petioles  reddish.     This  is  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  trees  of  the  genus. 
1^  A.  t.  4  aitguldta  Ait. —  Leaves  green  underneath,  with  the  petioles 

also  of  a  dark  green. 
Other   Varieties.      A.  americdna   Lodd.  Cat.,  and   A.  eanadhuis  Lodd. 
Cat.,  appear  to  belong  to  this  species ;  but  the  plants  in  the  Hackner  tf- 
boretum  are  so  small,  that  we  have  not  been  able  to  satisfy  ourselves  diat 
they  are  sufficiently  distinct  to  constitute  even  varieties. 


LXIX.    SETULA'CEf:   ^LNUS.  835 

A.  indina  differs  from  the  common  alder,  in  the  leaves  bdng  pointed,  in  the 
kavea  and  the  young  wood  not  bein^  glutinoui,  in  thdr  hoary  anpeBrance, 
and  in  the  absence  of  tufts  of  hwr  in  the  axils  of  the  nervea  of  the  leaves 
It  forms  a  very  handsome  tree,  wilt  grow  in  either  dry  or  moiit  soil,  and  well 
deserves  a  place  in  omameDtal  plantations. 

•  4.  A   sebhulaTa  WiUd.     The  saw- 
leaved  Alder. 

^mmui.'    BtliiltL  KtrilUU  Ail.' Han.  E^.  i. 
p.sSs.i   B.  niiiiu  Ekrk.   Brier.  3,  f.  tX.;   ?  A. 


fiunonvi.  Wtng.  AlMr.,t.B.  t.  SO.  i  Hkhi.  N. 
Ainer.  Sll.,  I.  T&  f.  I. ;  UHl  «u  Jb.  laiS.  dom  i 
Urine  ipKimm  ' 

Spei.  Char^  S;c.     Leaves  obovate,  acu- 
miniite;  veins  and  their  axils  hairy  on 
the  under  side.     Stipules  elliptic,  ob- 
tuse.  (WiM.)      A  deciduuua   shrul>. 
North  America,   in  swampg   and   on 
river   sides.      Height   6  ft.   to    10  h. 
Introduced  in  1769.  Flowers  greenish ; 
March  and  April.     Fruit  brown  ;  ripe 
in  October  or  November. 
Its  leaves  are  of  a  beautiful  green, 
about  2  in.  long  ;  oval,  distinctly  furrowed 
on  the  Gtu'face,  and  doubly  denticulated 
at  the  edge.     The  wood,  when  cut  into, 
is  white  ;  but  like  that  of  all  the  alders. 
It  becomes  reddish  when  it  cocoes  in  coD- 
taci  with  the  air. 

m  5.  A.  vvDV 


FT  4mt^Stpi.'i'.  f.  W  X.  Df  llai.  1  P.  'siti. 
Enrrming.     Our  JV'  1^'^'  '^'■^  '  tpvcmvn  In  the  Brltlih 

Spec,  Char.,  SfC.  Leaves  oblong,  acute,  rounded 
at  the  base  ;  petioles  and  vems  hairy  on  the 
under  side  ;  anils  of  the  veins  naked  ;  stipules 
ovate-oblong.  [Willd.')  A  deciduous  shrub. 
Canada,  and  on  high  mountains  in  sphagnoui 
swamps  in  Pennsylvania.  Height  ?  10  ft.  to 
]5fL  Introduced  in  1782.  Flowers  greenish; 
March  and  April.  Fruit  brown  i  ripe  ui  October . 

k  Lodd.    The  heartJeaved  Alder. 


Awn^n.  BoL  Cub,  t.  ml. ;  tlw  pUM  of  iMi  ipwln  In  jlrb.  Brit.,  itt  adit.  toI.  tU.  <  ind  a  • 

^Kc.  Char,  ^c.      Leaves  heart-shaped,  Bcuiniiuite,   dark  green  and  shining 
(Tenore.)    A  tree  of  similar  magnitude  to  the  common  alder.    Calabria 


and   Naples,   in   woods.      Heieht   \5h.  to  SO  ft.      Introduced   i 
"'        n greenish  brown  ;  March  and  Ap  '"  '    '--■--  '      ■-- 
Fruit  brown;  ripe  in  Octobc*. 


enish  brown  1  Marcn  and  April,  before  the  developement  of  the 


836 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


"»-m 


IdSO.    if .  ooidlfbUa. 


samara,  or  iced,  witb  is 


A  large  and  very  handsome  round-headed  tree,  with  broad,  deep  green^ 
shiping  leaves,  deeply  heart-shaped  at  the  base.  It  grows  with  rapidity  in  dn 
soil,  and  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  ornamental  trees  that  have  of  late  years 
been  introduced.  It  is  a  most  distinct  species  ;  and,  though  a  native  of  th^* 
kingdom  of  Naples,  it  is  perfectly  hardy.  It  ripens  Reeds  in  the  climate  i( 
London,  and  might  easily  be  rendered  as  common  as  A.  glutinosiu 

A  7.  A.  vi^RiDis  Dec,    The  green-leaved  Alder. 

Identification,    DeCandolle  PI.  Fl.,  3.  p.  804. 

Synonymea.    A.  ovftta  I^dd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  1141. ;  ^'Inus  fniticbsa  Schmidt  \  B6tu1a  OTfttaScArnU 
Sal.  No.  199. ;  B.  A'\iio-Bki\\\m  Ekrh.  Beytr.  2.  p.  72. ;  B.  viridlt  JtorL 

Engravings.  Dend.  Brit.  1 96. ;  Bot.  Cab.,  1. 1141. ;  Schmidt  (Eitr.  Baum.,  3. 1. 189. ;  and  our/f. 
lo21.,  in  which  a  It  the  anient,  or  male  catkin  ;  6,  the  male  flower  magnified ;  c,  the  stiiinen  iB?r- 
nifled ;  d,  a  longitudinal  section  of  the  cone  or  female  catkin  ^  e  and  g,  transverse  sections  of  the 
cone,  to  show  the  position  of  the  scales ;  /,  the  female  catkmi ;  A,  the 
wings. 

Spec,  Char.,  Sjrc  Leaves  ovate, 
doubly  serrated,  glabrous.  Pe- 
duncles of  the  rcmale  catkins 
branched.  Scales  of  the  stro- 
biles having  equal  lobes,  trun- 
cate-nerved. (Wiild,)  A  large 
deciduous  shnib,  or  low  busby 
tree.  Hungary,  Styria,  and 
Carinthia,  on  high  mountains  ; 
and  Germany,  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Saltzburg.  Height 
5  ft;.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  in 
1820.  Flowers  greenish  brown ; 
March  and  April.  Fruit  brown ; 
ripe  in  August. 

This  plant  is  considered  by 
many  botanists  as  intermediate 
between  the  alders  and  the  birches. 
It  agrees  with  the  alders,  in  hay- 
ing the  peduncles  of  the  female 
catkins  ramose;  and  in  general 
appearance  it  resembles  the  A'\nua  incana  in  a  young  state :  but  it  bekMtp 
to  the  birches,  by  the  parts  of  its  fructiiicatioD,  and  by  the  somewhat  fftatff 
number  of  its  stamens. 


USl.    ^.virtdb. 


Lxix.  betula'ces:  be'tula.  837 

other  Spec'ei  of  A'lniu.     A.  barbala  Meyer  (our 

fig,  1383.),     A.  obtusifdlia  Bogle,  is  very  Hbunilaut 

on    ihe    banks    of  the    Jumna    and    Tonce.     A. 

e/ongiila  Royle  occurs  in  Cashmere  ;  and  A.  ne- 

palinm  Wall.  (PI.  As.  Rar.  I.  131.)  on  the  moiin- 

tains      Burroonrfing 

'  the      valley      from  ^ 

which  it  was  named. 

(/Wm/.  p.  3+1.)     It 

Xpeara  probable, 
at  A.  nepal^nsia,  a 
'  tree  from  30  h.  to 
40 ft.  high,  may  prove 
ijf&ciently  hardy  to 
bear  the  climate  of 
London.  A.  tufrfor- 
dala  Meyer  (oiir&, 
1523.)  was  raised 
from  seeds  in   the 

tanic     Garden      in 
I83S  i  and  A.jonillhitit  in  the  Horticultural  Societ}>'3  Garden  in  1839. 

A.iicuniinii/a  Humb.  et  Bonpl.  (Mem.  Mus.vol.  xiv.  p. 464-,  t.  3S. ;  onr  J^. 
1524'.)  huj  the  leaves  ovate,  or  ovate-oblung,  acuminate,  roundish  at  the  base, 
doubly  serrated,  glabrous  above ;   the 
,    veins  downy  beneath.     Panicle  nated. 
Female  catkins  terminal.  (Mirb.)    A 
tree.     Peru.      Leaves  3  in.   to  6  in. 
^  long,  and  Ijin.  to  Sin,  broad, 
A.  eaitaneiJS- 
lia  Mirb.  (Mem. 
Mus.  vol.  xiv.  t. 
81.1  and  our^. 
1525.)  lias  the 
leaves     oblong- 
elliptic,      blunt, 
repand,   or  ob- 
long-  lanceolate, 

iju.  j.icuBUiku.  tMe,    ])etiolate  I 

glabrous  above: 
the  axils  of  the  veinsdowny  beneath,  panicle  leafy  at  the 
base.  Male  catkins  leafy,  erect.  ( JifirD.)  Atree.  Tarma 
ID  Peru,  Leaves  3  in.  to  5  in.  long,  and  10  lin.  to  15  tin.         "*^  ''  ■"'™"^"- 
broad.      Stipules   small,  glabrous,  membranaceous,  linear-lanceolate.     Male 
catkins  1  in.  to  2  in.  loi^,    more  slender  than  in  A-  glutindsa,  and  4  or  5  in 
a   panicle.      Female  caikins  about   8  in.  lon^  4  or  5  on  a  common  pedicel. 
^Mim.  Mum.,  xiv.  Vii.) 

Genus  II. 


3mED 


.BE'TULA  Tuum.   The  Birch.    Uh.  Syit.  Moiue'cia  Poljrindria. 

'ulc*-,  i)\r\L.  DmMi  mui  Sealdl  i  Wtiti^  tit  Bitt,  Swtditii  ;  BiniH.  Buulan:  Bruia.  Putin 


838 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


beat ;  firom  the  fucei  of  the  Roman  Uctori,  which  were  always  made  of  Urch  rods,  being  used  to 
drive  back  the  people.    Pliny  derives  the  name  from  bitumen. 

Gen.  Ckar.j  Src  Barren  Jlowert,  Catkins  cylindrical,  lax,  imbricated  all 
round  with  temate  concave  scales  the  middle  one  largest,  oyate.  CofnUa 
none.  Filaments  10  to  12,  shorter  than  the  middle  scale,  to  which  they 
are  attached.  Anthers  roundish,  2-lobed. — Fertile  Jiowers,  Catkins  similar 
but  more  dense ;  scales  horizontal,  peltate,  dilated  outwards,  3-lobed,  3- 
flowered.  Corolla  none.  Germen  compressed.  Sti/les  2.  Stigma  simple. 
NtU  oblong,  deciduous,  winged  at  each  side.  (G.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous;  serrated  or  entire.  Fhwen 
whitish,  in  pendulous  catkins.  —  Trees  or  shrubs,  deciduous,  with  round 
slender  branches,  and  the  bark  in  most  species  in  thin  membranous  layers. 
Natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America. 

The  species  are  generally  found  in  mountainous  rocky  situations  in  the  middle 
of  Europe  ;  but  they  grow  wild  in  plains  and  peaty  soils  in  the  northern  regions. 
The  common  birch  is  one  of  the  hardiest  of  known  trees  ;  and  there  are  only 
one  or  two  other  species  of  ligneous  plants  which  approach  so  near  to  the 
North  Pole.  They  all  ripen  seeds  in  the  climate  of  London ;  and  are  all  of  the 
easiest  culture  in  any  ordinary  soil ;  but,  being  hair-rooted,  they  do  not  grow  so 
well  in  very  strong  clays  ;  nor  do  plants  of  this  genus,  when  raised  from  layers 
or  cuttings,  grow  so  freely  as  in  the  case  of  most  other  genera.  The  leares 
of  the  birch  having  little  succulency,  and  being  astringent  and  aromatic,  are 
very  rarely  subject  to  the  attacks  of  insects.  The  wood  of  all  the  species  is 
much  less  durable  than  the  bark.  The  leaves  of  most  of  the  species  die  off  of 
a  rich  yellow,  and  some  of  them  of  a  deep  red  or  scarlet. 

Leaves  small.    Natives  chiefly  of  Europe. 
^  \.  B.  A^LBA  L*    The  white,  orcmnmon.  Birch. 

Identification.    Lin.  Sp.  PL,  1393. ;  Engl.  Fl.,  4.  p.  163. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl^  3d  ed.,  p.  411. 
Hynonymea.    B.  pubescens  Ehrh.  Art.  €7- ;  Sfetula  Raii  Syn.  445. ;  B.  aetnfosis  Agf. ;  BoalflBa 

commun,  Fr. ;  gemeine  Blrke,  Get. ;  Bedollo,  Ital. 
Engravingi.    Bng.  Bot.,  t.  2198. ;  and  our^.  1528. 

Spec.  Char.^  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  acute,  somewhat  deltoid,  unequally  serrated, 
nearly  glabrous.  (Smith.)  A  deciduous  tree.  Europe,  more  especially 
in  the  colder  regions ;  a  diminutive  shrub  in  the  extreme  north,  but  a 
tree  from  50  ft.  to  60  fit.  high  in  the  middle  regions.  Flowers  whitish ;  in 
Lapland,  in  Mav  ;  and  in  the  Apennines,  and  in  England,  in  February  and 
March.  Fruit  brown  ;  ripe  in  September  and  October.  Decaying  leaves 
rich  yellow,  scarlet,  or  red. 

Varieties, 

It  B.  a.  2  pendula  Smith.  B.  p6ndula  Roth 
Germ.  i.  p.  405.  pt.  2.  p.  476. ;  B.  verrucosa 
Ehrh.  Arb.  96. ;  B.  pendulis  virgulis  Loes. 
Pruss,;  the  weeping  Birch. — A  well-known 
tree,  distinct  from  the  species  in  having  the 
shoots  more  slender,  smoother,  and  pendu- 
lous. (See  the  plate  of  the  youn^ 
tree  in  Arb,  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol. 
vii.) 
¥  B.  a.  3  pubescens.  B.  pubescens 
Ehrh.  Beitr.  vi.  98.  (Our  J!g. 
1526.)  —  The  leaves  covered 
with  white  hairs. 
¥  B.  a.  4  p6ntica.    B.  pdnti^a  Lodd. 

Cat,  ed.  1836.    (Our^.  1527.)    i     m    \      w     ^^ 
— Leaves  somewhat  larger  than    V   ■    J  jran 

in  the  species,  and  the  plant  of    ^i-^  V||r 

more  robust  growth.  i«7.  bs. 


Ufi.  B.  B.  pobteciu. 


Lxix.  BETULACE*:  be'tula.  839 

!E  n.  a.  5  wtidfoiia.  B.  vrdcii&lia  Lodd.  Cat. —  Leave*  deeply  lacioiated, 

aerraced,  and  hairy. 
1  B.  a.  6  daJecarlica  L.  Supp.  416.  —  Leaves  aliiioiit  palmate,  with  the 

aegmcDta  toothed;  "cut  like  those  of  hemp,"  according  to  Bosc. 
l;  B.  o,  7  macToeaifm  Willd.  —  FcRiale  catkina  twice  as  long  as  thoic  of 

the  species. 
T  B.  o,  8  fitiit  ttariegdtit  DunKmU  —  Leaves   blotched  with   yellowish 

Other  Farietiet.  B.  ilauricB  appears  to  be  a  variety  afB.  Alba,  stunted  froni 
the  cUmate  in  whiclt  it  grows;  and  the  same  observation  will  apply  to  A. 
■ibfrica,  and  Botne  oibera,  enumerated  in  the  Catatogue  of  MesErs.  Loddige«, 
for  1836.   £.  eicflsB  and  J.  nigra  of  some  of  the  London  ganlens  are  mere 
varieties  of  ihe  common  birch,  and  quite  distinct  from  the  species  described 
by  bolanists  under  these  names,  which  are  natives  of  America.  (See  Gord. 
Mng.,  vol.  n.  p.  502. 689.)      B.  undulilft,  B.  Tbouinidna,  and  B.  Fischeri 
also  appear  to  us  to  belong  to  B.  Alba  \  but  the  plants  being  exceedingly 
small,  we  are  not  able  to  determine  this  with  certainty. 
The  rate  of  growth  of  the  common  birch  is  coosiderable  when  the  tree  is 
young,  averaging  from  18  in.  to  2  it.  a  year  for  the  first  10  years  ;  and  young 
trees  cut  down  to  the  ground  often  make  bhooCs  8  or  10  feet  long  in  one  season. 
The  duration  is  not  great,  the  tree  attaining  maturity,  in  good  soils,  in  from 
forty  to  Gfly  years ;  but,  according  to  Hartig,  seldom  lasting  in  health  till  it  al- 
Isins  ■  hundred  years.     The  wood  is  white,  shaded  with  red;  of  a  medium 
duratutity  in  lemperat«  climates,  but  lasting  a  long  time  when  it  is  grown  in  the 
extreme  north.      The  grain  uf  the  wood  is  intermediate  between  coarse  and 
fine.    It  is  easily  worked  while  green  ;  but  it  chips  under  the  tool  when  dry. 
It  weighs,  when  green,  65 lb.  6 of.;  half-dry,  56  lb,  6oi.;  and  dry,  45  ib.  1  oz. 
Though  the  birch  may  be  propagated  by  layers  and  even  by  cuttings,  yet 
plants  are  not  readily  produced  otherwbc  than  by  seed ;  and  those  of  certain 
varieties,  which  are  procured  from  layers  or  by  inarching,  never  appear  to 
grow  with  the  same  vigour  as  seedlings.     Birch  seed  ripens  in  September  and 
October,  and  may  be  either  gathered  and  sown  inmiemately,  or  preserved  in 
a  dry  loft,  and  sown  in  spring.     Sang  directs  particular  attention  to  be  paid 
to  gathering  the  seedh  only  Irom  weeping  trees ; 
and  this  we  know  to  be  the  directions  given  to 
the  collectors  employed  by  the  nurserymen  in 
the  north  of  Scotland.     If  the  seeds  are  lo  be 
sown  immediately,  the  catkina  may  be  gathered 
wet ;    but,   if  they  are  to  be  kept  till  ^ring, 
they   ought  not  to   be   gathered   except  when 
quite  dry  ;  and  every  day's  gathering  should  be 
carried  lo  a  dry  loft  and  spread  out  thinly,  as 
they  are  very  apt  to  heat  when  kept  in  sacks 
or  lud  up  in  heaps.     The  seeds  should  be  sown 
in  very  fine  light,  rich  soil,  in  beds  of  the  usual 
width,   and  very  slightly  covered.      Boutcher 
says  1  — "  Sow  die  seeds  and  clap  them  ' 


Eds  and  clap  the 
of  the  spade,  w 


ground  with  the  back  of  the  spade,  without  any 

earth  spread  over  them,  and  throw  a  little  peas 

haulm  over  the  beds  for  three  or  four  weeks,  till 

the  seeds  begin  to  vegetate.     The  peas  haulm 

will  keep  Che  ground  moist,  exclude  frost,  and 

prevent  the  bu'ds  from  destroying  the  seeds." 

{Trrat.  on  Forest  Trcet,  p.  1 13.)  "  It  is  scarcely  "»■  "■  »"*- 

possible,''  Sang  observes,  "  to  cover  birch  seeds  too  little,  if  they  be  covered 

at  all."     The  plants,  if  aown  in  autumn,  will  come  up  in  the  March  or  April 

following.     Ifsown  in  spring,  they  will  come  up  in  Mayor  June;  which,  in 

ypry  told  climsies,  is  a  preferable  season.    If  any  danger  is  apprehended 


840 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRDTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


from  moisture  in  the  Boil  during  winier,  the  alleys  between  the  beds  may  be 

deepened,  so  as  to  act  as  drains.     In  (he  niiraery  lines,  the  plants  re(|uire 

very  little  pruning,  and  their  after-care,  when  in  plantations,  is  equally  simple. 

■  5  2.  J.(?  A.)  DAu'mcA  Pall.     The  Ehiurian  Birch. 


B.(?A.) 


our  Jit-  IMS. 

!^c.  Char.,  /fc.      Leaves   ov.ile,  narrow  at   the   hiist. 

Siite  entire,  unequally  dentate,  glabrous.  Sv-ales  ot 
e  sirobiles  ciliated  on  their  margins  ;  side  lobes 
roundish.  (IVi/ld.)  A  deciduous  tree,  Dauriu.  uoJ 
part  of  Asiatic  Siberia ;  but  not  in  European  ^ibtrii. 
nor  in  Russia.  Heiaht  SO  It.  to  30  ft.  IntroiluccI 
179G.  Catkins  whiti^  brown,  lai'gertban  those  of  the 
common  birch  ;  February  and  March.  Fruit  brown; 
ripe  September.  Decaying  leaves  red  or  }ello«. 
I'ariels,. 


»  PaU.  The  shrubby  Birch. 


Sjiec.  Cliar.,  ^c.  Leaves  roundish-ovate,  nearly 
equally  serrate,  glabrous.  Female  catkins  oblong. 
( WilUl.)  A  deciduous  shrub.  Eastern  Siberia, 
Germany,  and  Canada.  Height  5  ft.  to  6  it.  in 
moist  situations,  but  much  higher  on  mountains. 
Introduced  in  1818.  Calkins  whitish  brown; 
February  and  March.  Fruit  brown  ;  ripe  in 
October  or  November. 


t  L.     The  hairy  dwarf  Birch. 


Spec.  Char,,  Ifc.     Branches  pu- 
bescent, without  dots.  Leaves 
roundish  ovate,  on  Ion;'  foot- 
stnlks,  densely  clotlicil    with 
hairs  on   the   under   surface,  j 
Female    catkins     cylindrical,  ' 
(Willd.)     A  deciduous  shrub. 
Canada,  in  bogs,  and  on  high 
mountains  in   New  York  and 
Penntvlvaoia.      Height   8  ft. 
to3fl."     Introduced  in   1762. 
(Jatkins   whitish  ;    lILi^    uiid 
June.    Fmit  brown. 
The  root  is  red,  and  la  used 

for  veneering  and  inlaying. 


4  L,    The  dwarf  Bircn. 


LXIX.    BETVLA^CES.:    Be'TULA. 


'^I^^- 


^ec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  orbicular,  ereiiate,  reliculated  with 
veins  beneath.  A  shrub,  with  numerous  brunches,  slightly 
dovny  when  young,  and  beset  with  numerous,  iittle, 
rounti,  firm,  smooth,  sliarpl^  crenateil  leaves,  beautifully 
reticulated  with  veins,  especially  beneath ;  and  furnished 
with  short  footstalks,  having  a  pair  of  brown  lanceolate 
stipules  Ht  their  base.  Catkins  erect,  stalked,  cylindricnl,  \1 
obtuse  i  the  barren  ones  lateral,  and  the  fertile  ones  ter-  \\ 
minal.  Scales  of  the  latter  3-lobed,  3-flowered,  permanent. 
Stigmas  red.  (Smith.)  A  bushy  deciduous  shnib.  Lapland, 
t^wetten,  Russia,  and  Scotland,  in  Europe,  and  Hudson's 
Bay,  and  other  parts  of  Canada,  in  America  j  on  moun- 
tains, hut  almost  always  in  boj^  places.  Fleight  'd  ft. 
to  3  ft.  i  in  British  cardens  6  ft.  to  8  ft.  Catkins  whitish 
green;  April  and  May.     Frdt  brown;  ripe  in  Octobei-. 

B.  B.  M.  £  ttricla  Lodd.  Cat.,  ed.  1836,  is  Mimewhat  mo 
than  the  sj>ecies. 


L  6.  B.  (?  N.) 


'SA  JMirJr,     Tile  g\anda\»r-6raniAed  Birch. 


Engrapinti.     Our  j^.  JA33.    from  ji  (peclmni  In  the  BrUUh 

spec.  Char.,  tic  Branches  beset  with  glandular 
dots,  glabrous.  Leaves  obovale,  serrate,  quite 
entire  at  the  base,  glabrous,  almost  sessile- 
Female  calkins  oblong ;  scales  half  3-c!eft. 
Seeds  round,  with  narrow  margins.  {iVilld.)  A 
handsome  little  deciduous  shrub.  Canada,  about 
Hudson's  Bay  ;  and  on  the  borders  of  lakes'on 
the  high  mountains  of  New  Jersey  and  Pennsyl- 
vania. Height  2  ft.  Introiluceii  ?. 
Corresponds  in  America  with  the  B.  niina  of 
Europe,  and  probably  only  a  variety  of  ihiit  spe- 
cies.    Catkins  whitish  ;  May.  u,,.  b.(?ii.)(i1m 

Leavei  large.     Nataret  of  NorIA  Americn. 

i  7.  B.  Popl'lifo'lia  Ait.  The  PoplarJeaved  Birch. 
IJeiUillcaliBM.  All.  Hon.  Ksv.,  >.  p.aS6.!  Furih  Fl.  Amer.  Sept..  loL  t.  p.ex. 
Sptumtmct.    B,  icamjniu  EkrJt.  BfH,  &  p.  9S.  t  B.  IhiU  Du  Sot  Harli.  Baum.  td.  I.  \ 

Spec.  Char.,^c.  Leaves  deltoid,  much  a 
smooib.  Scales  of  the  strobiles  hav 
glabrous.  (WiUd.)  A  tree,  in  every  respect  closely  resembhng  .9.  alba, 
but  growing  with  less  vigour,  and  not  attaining  so  large  a  size  as  that  spe- 
cies. Canada  to  Pennsylvania,  in  barren  rocky  woods.  Introduced  in 
1750.     Flowers  greenish  white ;  April  and  May. 

T  B.   ^.  S  lacimata.   B.  laciniata  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.   1836.  —  Leaves  large, 

shining,  and  deeply  cut. 
t  B.  p.Spindula.     B.  pendula  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.—  Spray  drooping, 

like  tnat  of  the  weeping  variety  of  the  common  birch. 


.  I  Mtchi 


M2  •     ARBORETUM    ET   FBUTICETUM  BRITANNIC 

A  very  graceful   tree,  irith   rather   broader  ^ 

leave*  than  the  common  birch.  The  wood  ia 
very  soft,  brilliiiilt  when  polished,  and  perfectly 
while  ;  but  it  speedily  decays,  and,  in  America, 
ia  employed  for  no  purpose,  not  eyen  for  fuel. 
The  twica  are  loo  brittle  for  common  brooms. 
When  toe  planta  are  raised  from  seed,  the^ 
make  rery  handsome  trees  ;  ar.d,  b»  seed  u 
freely  produced,  this  mode  ought  always  to  be 
adopted  ;  but  plants  from  layers  seldom  attain 
any  magnitude. 

t  8.  B.  p«pvra'cea  Ail.  The  Paper  Birch. 
Mmli/lctliim.    Alt.  Hon,  Rev..  I.  p.  SST. ;  S.  Du  tUm. 

.'    B.  otpf  liltn  MkMx.  ^' Bar.  ArarT.i.B.  MO.  i 
lUU  Hun.  1   B.  rliln  LodiL  Cat.  ti.  LOS :  B. 


'x:r. 


iiifi.    Hkhi.  N.  Amrr.  Syl..  i. 


^ 


Spec,    C/iar,,    S/c.       Leaves    ovate,    acuminate, 
doubly  serrate ;  veins  hairy  beneath  j  petiole  

SlabrouB.    Female  catkins  on  lone  footstalks,  "**■  *■'"""' 

rooping;  scales  havitig  the  side  lobes  short,  somewhat  orhiculate.  f  •liffi'.l 
A  deciduous  tree.  North  America.  Hciirht  60  ft.  to  TO  ft.  Introduced  Id 
1750.  Flowers  preenish  white;  May  and  June.  Fniit  brown;  ripe  in 
October.     Decaying  leaves  greenish  yellow. 

IK  p.  2  futcn.   S.  fusca  Bote.  —  Leaves  smaller  than  those  of  the  >(» 

cies,  and  less  downy. 
1  B.  p.  3  trichoclada  Hort.  —  Branches  extremely  hairy,  and  iwi^  "■ 

threes  ;  leaves  heart-shaped.     Horticultural  Society's  Oarden. 
I  B.  />.  4  plalr/pki)lla  Hort.  —  Leaves  very  broad.     Hort.  Soc.  Oardai- 
The  branches  are  much  less  flexible  than  those 
af  the  common  birch,  and  are  more  a.tcendin^  in 
direction.    The  bark,  iii  Canada  and  the  district 
of   Maine,  is    i 
ployed    for    many  ; 
^   purpoHCB.        It     IS  7i 
placed     in      luree  '• 
pieces  immediately 
under  the  shingles 
of    the     roof,    to 

Srevent  the  water 
tim  penetrating 
through  it.  Bas- 
kets, boxes,  and 
portfolios  nre  made 
of  it,  which  are 
sometimes  embroi- 
dered wilh  silk  of 
dilTercnt  colours. 
DL\iJed  into  very 


9^       ^S 


_,_„ substitute     for  i^ 

paper;  and,  placed 
between  the  soles  of  the  shoes,  and  in  the  crown  of  the  hat  (m  the  bui  of 
the  tHTch  of  Europe  is  in  Lapland),  it  is  a  defence  against  humidity.    But  the 
most  important  purpoke  to  which  it  i*  applied,  bikI  one  io  whidi  it  is  rqibccd 


LXix.  .ffETDLA  CE^ :  bb'tvla.  843 

by  the  barft  ol  no  other  tree,  is  the  construction  of  canoea.  The  plant 
usually  known  by  the  name  of  B.  paiiyritea,  in  the  London  nurseriea,  ia  the 
B.  njbraof  Michaux,  jun.,  the  B.  limulosa  of  Micba^x,  sen.,  and  our  A  nigra, 
No.  9.  This  Diintake  has  ariseo  from  the  bark  of  B.  nigra,  eren  in  trees  not 
above  1  in.  in  diameter,  separating  from  the  trunk,  and  rolling  up  in  very  thin 
paper-like  lamins. 

I  9.  B.  ni'attiL  L.    The  black  Birch. 

/dmtificiMtiim.    VlLld.  Sp.FI.,t.  p.  («t.  I  Punh  Ft  Amfl.  Sef<.  *.  p.  «).  j  N.  Da  Hun.,  a  p.  300. 

'- "    iMUltM  Mfcii.  Fl.Bar.  .linrr.  1.  p.  IKl.;  ?  fl.  rSbli  Millu.  Jrt.i,  p.  1(3.:  U. 

Cal.  rd.  Ism-.  red  Bird).  J-ntr.:  fieluli  di  Cinoi. /u^ 


Spec,  char.,  ^c.     Leaves  rhomboid-ovate,  doubly  serrated,  acute  j  pubescent 
beneath,  entire  at  the   baK.     Si^ales  of  the.  strobiles  villose;    a^nients 
linear,   equal.    ^IViiJd,)      A  deciduous  tree,  with  the  bark  rising  in  very 
thin    paper-like     laminie. 
N^w  Jersey  to   Carolina. 
Height  60  It.  to  70  fl.    In- 
troduced in  1T3G.    Flow- 
ers greenish  white;  May. 
Fruit  brown ;  ripe  in  June. 
The     epidermis     is     red- 
dish,   or     of    a    cinnamon 
colour.      The    petioles   are 
short      and     downy.      The 
leaves,  on  young  trees,  are 
about   3  in.  long,  and  2  in. 
broad,  oT  a  light  green  on 
the     upper     surface,     and 
whitish  beneath,  though  on 
old    trees    they   are    much 
smaller :    they   are    doubly  ff\~. 

denticulated    at    the    edge,  VwV 

"""  ~"*~  very  acuminate  at  the  sum-  ii».  ■.iii»™ 

mit,  and  terminated  at  the  trasein  an  acute  angle,  more  regular  than  is  seen  in 
the  leaf  of  any  other  tree.   The  female  catkins  in  America  are  5  or  6  inches  long, 
,'         straight,  and  nearly  cylindrical;  about  London,  they  are  not  half  the  site. 
,  T   10.  3.  ucb'lsa  H.  Kew.     The  tall  Birch. 

UmhflaiHm.        Alt. 
Hon.    Kbit..  I  J. 

Anwr.    S(pt..    S,  t'. 
WU,   N.  £u  Hun.. 

ffiwnwj.     B.  latfA 

S.  lUj'ifJ.^Mfti 
Sal  Herb.  Ba«m.  I. 


cfe 


Kmn.  UaHun. 
Spec.    Char.,    ^c. 

acute,  serrated ;   ^,j- 
petioles   pubea-       y 

ihan  thepediin- 


844 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


cles.  Scales  of  the  strobiles  having  the  side  lobes  roundish  (WiUd.)  A 
deciduous  tree.  Nova  Scotia  to  Pennsylvania.  Height  70  n.  to  80  it 
Introd.1767.  Flowers  greenish  white ;  May.  Fruit  brownish;  ripe  in  October. 

The  young  shoots  and  leaves,  at  their  unfolding,  are  downy.  Towards  the 
end  of  summer,  when  fully  expanded,  the  leaves  are  perfectly  smooth,  excq>t 
the  petiole,  which  remains  covered  with  fine  short  hairs.  The  leaves  are  about 
3 J  in.  long,  and  ^^in.  broad;  oval,  acuminate,  and  bordered  with  sbarp 
irregular  teeth.  The  epidermis  is  of  a  brilliant  golden  yellow  ;  and  the  leaves, 
the  bark,  and  the  young  shoots,  have  all  an  agreeable  taste  and  smell,  similar 
to  those  of  the  pliant  birch  (B.  lenta),  though  they  lose  it  in  drying.  la  its 
fructification,  this  species  nearly  resembles  B.  l^nta. 

3t  11.  B.  le'nta  L,    The  pliant  Birch. 

Idfntifteation.    Willd.  Sp.  PI..  4.  p.  464. ;  Tursh  Fl.  Araer  Sept.,  2.  p.  621. ;  N.  Du  }1«m.,3.D.yK. 

Sifnonyme$.  B.  carplnifolU  Ekrh.  Beitr.  6.  p.  99.  iB.  nigra  Du  Roi  Herb.  1.  p.  9S ;  tbe  plxtt  k 
under  both  these  names,  and  also  under  that  of  B.  Unta,  in  Loddiges's  arboretum ;  bladi  Bird 
Cherry  Birch,  Canada  Birch,  Sweet  Birch,  Mountain  Biabogany,  Amor. ;  Bouleau  Hfriskr.fr; 
Betula  deila  Virginia,  Hoi. 

Engravings.    Wang.  B«itr.  1. 15.  f.  34. ;  Michx.  N.  Amer.  Syl.,  2.  106. ;  and  our  J^.  IMl. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  cordate-ovate,  acutely  serrated,  acuminate ;  petiole 
and  nerves  hairy  beneath.  Scales  of  the  strobiles  smooth,  having  the  side 
lobes  obtuse,  equal,  with  prominent  veins.  {Wilid.)  A  deciduous  tree. 
Canada  to  Georgia.  Height 
60  ft.  to  70  fl.  Introd.1759. 
Flowers  greenish  white; 
May  and  June.  Fruit 
brown ;  ripe  in  November. 

According  to  Pursh,  this 
is  an  elegant  and  large  tree, 
the  most  .interesting  of  its 
genus,  on  account  of  the 
excellence  of  its  wood.  Mi- 
chaux  strongly  recommends 
the  tree  for  cultivation,  on  a 
large  scale,  in  the  north  of 
France,  in  England,  and  in 
Germany  ;  and  to  the  lovers 
of  curious  trees,  "  as  emi- 
nently adapted,  from  the 
beauty  of  its  foliage  and  the 
agreeable  odour  of  its  flow- 
er.s,  to  figure  in  their  parks 
and  gardens."  i54i.  a  ,4,.^ 


%rc«ri  o/BircA  kitefy  introduced, -^In  Royle's  lUustraHofu  several  spede 
of  ^rch  are  mentioned  as  occupying  the  loftiest  stations  in  the  moantiitf 
of  Nepal,  and  other  parts  of  the  Himalayas  :  B,  Bhofp&ttra  Wall,  B.  nitiK 
B,  cylmdrostachya,  B.  resinifera  Royie,  and  B.  acuminata  IVali, 

B.  Bhojpiittra  Wall.  The  Indian  Paper  Birch.  Leaves  oblong-wite, 
with  nearly  simple  serratures,  somewhat  heart-shaped  at  the  base;  their 
stalks,  veins,  and  twigs  hairy.  Female  catkins  erect,  cylindrical,  oblong. 
Bracteas  smooth,  woody,  two-parted,  blunt,  much  longer  than  the  fruit,  which 
has  narrow  wings.  A  tree,  found  on  the  Alps  of  Gurwal,]n  Kamaon,  »here 
Its  thin  delicate  bark  furnishes  the  masses  of  flexible  laminated  matter,  of 
which  great  quantities  are  brought  down  into  the  plains  of  India,  for  Iidik 
the  tubes  of  hookahs ;  and  which  is  used  by  the  mountaineers,  instead  of 
paper,  for  writing  upon.  ( WaU,  Plant.  At.  Bar.,  vol  ii.  p.  7.)  Tbe  hark  of 
this  species  is  of  a  pale  cinnamon  colour.  Raised  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Gard.  in  184a 

B.  acuminata  Wall.    Leaves   ovate  lanceolate,    sharply    serrated,  taper- 


Lxx.  corylaVejb.  845 

pointed,  smooth,  dotted  beneath ;  leaf-stalks  and  twigs  quite  smooth  ;  ripe 
catkins  very  long,  pendulous,  cylindrical,  crowded ;  the  rachis,  and  tne 
bracteas,  which  are  auricled  at  the  base,  downy.  Found  on  many  of  the 
mountains  of  Nepal,  and  in  the  great  vaJley  of  that  country,  following  the 
course  of  rivers.  The  flowers  and  fruit  are  produced  from  December-  to 
April.  It  forms  a  very  large  and  noble  tree,  from  50  ft.  to  60  ft.  high,  of  an 
oval  shape,  being  covered  with  branches  from  its  base.  The  wood  is  stated 
by  Dr.  Wallich  to  be  greatly  esteemed  by  the  inhabitants,  who  employ  it  for 
all  sorts  of  purposes  where  strength  and  durability  are  required.  (  Wall.  PI. 
As.  Rar.,  t.  109.)     Doubtless  as  hardy  as  the  preceding  species. 

B.  nitida.  The  shining  Birch.  Leaves  oblong,  taper-pointed,  with  fine 
double  serratures,  the  twigs  and  leaf-stalks  hairy.  Female  catkins  pendulous, 
cylindrical,  crowded.  Bracts  three-lobed,  hairy,  with  the  lengthened  middle 
lobe  longer  than  the  fruit.     A  tree,  found  in  K[aniaon. 

B.  cyUndrostdchya,  Leaves  oblong,  taper-pointed,  heart-shaped,  with  fine 
double  serratures  ;  twigs,  leaf-stalks,  and  veins  downy ;  female  catkins  pen- 
dulous, very  long,  cylindrical ;  fruit  deeply  two-lobed  ;  bracts  linear  lanceolate, 
blunt,  membranous,  with  two  teeth  at  the  base,  fringed  with  hairs.  A  tree, 
found  in  Kamaon.  Most  probably  hardy,  and,  like  the  preceding  species,  if 
not  already  introduced  it  will  very  soon  be  so. 


Order  LXX.     CORYLA^CEiE,  or  CUPULrFERiE. 

Ord,  Char.  Flowcn  unisexual. — Male  flowers  disposed  in  cylindrical  catkins. 
Perianth  small,  scale-formed.  FUanumU  usually  firee. — Fevude  flower.  In^ 
volucrum  various,  1-  or  many-flowered.  Perianth  many-toothed,  adhering 
to  the  ovarium.  Ovarium  1-  or  many-celled,  containing  many  ovula. 
Styles  2 — 3,  or  multiplied.  Stigmas  distinct.  The  involucrum,  after  flores- 
cence, becoming  enlarged,  and  enclosing,  in  part  or  altogether,  the  pericarps 
which  are  either  solitary  or  many  together.  Acorns^  or  nuts,  l-celled,  1- 
seeded,  by  abortion.     iSf^t/ pendulous.     Albumen  none.  (G.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen;  lobed, 
serrated,  or  entire.  Flowers  in  catkins,  bracteate,  sometimes  pedunculate- 
Large  trees,  deciduous  and  evergreen  ;  natives  of  the  temperate  regions  of 
every  part  of  the  world. 

The  hardy  ligneous  genera  belonging  to  this  order  are  six,  which  are  thus 
contradistinguished :  — 

Que'rcus  Lin  Monoecious.  —  Male  flowers  in  loose  pendulous  catkins.  Sta- 
mens 5 — 10.  —  Female  flowersVithin  an  involucrum,  which  is  composed  of 
numerous  imbricate  scales  combined  into  a  cup,  which  at  length  surrounds 
the  acorn  at  the  base. 

^a'gus  Toum,  MoncBcious. — Male  flowers  in  dense  pendulous  catkins.  Stamens 
8.  — Female  flowers  2,  within  a  4-lobed  involucrum,  which  at  length  encloses 
the  triangular  nut  echinated  with  soft  spurs  outside. 

(7a8ta\nea  Toum,  Polygamous,  —  Male  flowers  clustered  in  long  cylindrical 
catkins.  Stamens  5 — 20.  Hermaphrodite  flowers  about  3  within  an  involu- 
crum, which  is  covered  outside  with  branchy  spines,  and  at  length  encloses 
a  roundish  nut.     Stamens  12.     Stigmas  penciled. 

Ca^rpinus  Toum.  Monoecious.  —  Male  flowers  in  long  cylindrical  catkins 
having  the  scales  ciliated  at  their  bases.  Stamens  8-— 14. — Female  flowers 
in  loose  strobiles  or  cones,  each  composed  of  a  3-lobed,  2-flowered,  scale- 
formed  involucrum.     Stigmas  2.     Nut  bony  at  the  base  of  the  scale. 

O^sTRYA  Michx.  Monoecious.  —  Male  flowers  in  long  cylindrical  catkins, 
each  flower  consisting  of  a  scale  and  a  branched  filament.  —  Female  flowers 
in  strobiles,  each  composed  of  a  scale-formed  imbricated  involucrum. 
Stigmas  2.     Nut  bony,  at  the  base  of  the  scale. 

Co'rylus  Lin.  Monoecious. —  Male  flowers  in  long  cylindrical  catkins,  which 
are  composed  of  3-lobed  deltoid  scales.    Stamens  8.    Anthers   1-celled.— 


646 


ARBORETUM    £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


Female  flowers  numerous,  enclosed  in  a  scaly  bud.    Nut  otbI,  smootL,  as 
length  surrounded  by  a  lacerated  involucrum. 

Genus  I. 


liHEfl 


QUE'RCUS  Ir.  The  Oak.    Lin.  Syst.  Moms'cia  Polyindria. 

IdnUiflcaiiou.    Lin.  Geo.,  495. ;  Jau.,  410. :  Fl.  Br..  1025. ;  Tourn..  t.  349. ;  Lam.,  t.  779. 

Sjfnonymes.  Tlex  Tovm. ;  5tlber  Toum. ;  Derw,  Celtic  \  Aaack,  or  Ac,  Saxoni  Al,  Akm.  or  AUob, 
Hebrna ;  Drue,  Qreek ;  Chfine.  Fr. ;  Eiche,  Ger. ;  Elk,  Dntck  ;  Querda,  ItaL ;  Eacina,  Sp— 

Derivation.  FTomquer,  fine,  and  cu^x,  a  tree,  Celtic^  according  to  Lepelletier :  bat,  acccvdinf  to 
others,  from  the  Greek  word  cAoiro4,  a  pf  g  ;  because  pigs  feed  on  the  acoma.  The  Geitk  aaow 
for  this  tree  (Derw)  is  said  to  bo  the  root  of  the  word  Druid  (that  is,  priest  of  the  oak),  and  at  ike 
Greek  name  Drus.  The  Hebrew  name  for  the  oak  (Al,  or  Alon)  is  said  to  be  the  origin  of  cbe  oM 
English  word  llan  (originally  signifying  an  oak  grove,  or  place  of  worship  of  the  dniidt,  and  after- 
wards, by  implication,  a  town  or  parish),  and  also  of  the  Irish  words  dan  and  ctmm.  In  the  Book  of 
Isaiah,  xliv.  14.,  idols  are  said  to  be  made  of  AUun,  or  Alon  ;  that  is,  of  oak.  (LotelA's  Tnms.) 

Gen.  Char,,  S^c.  Flowers  unisexual.  ^  Males  disposed  in  long,  slender,  pen- 
dulous catkins,  in  groups.  Each  flower  consists  of  8  or  more  staniens 
and  these  are  attended  by  6 — 8  bracteas,  that  are  coherent  at  the 
base,  and  resemble  a  6 — 8-parted  calyx.  —  Female  flowers  erect  on  ax- 
illary peduncles,  a  few  upon  a  peduncle.  Each  flower  consists  of  a  pistil, 
whose  ovary,  and  the  basal  part  of  whose  style,  are  invested  with  ao 
adnate  calyx  toothed  at  the  tip.  Style  short.  Siignm  d-lobed.  Fnai  an 
acorn ;  its  lower  part  having  an  imbricate  cup.  {G.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen ;  entire,  serrated, 
or  lobed.  Flowers  greenish  white.  —  Trees,  chiefly  lai^  and  deciduous ; 
natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  America. 

The  oaks,  in  point  of  usefulness  to  man,  are  only  to  be  equalled  by  the 

June  and  fir  tribe.     The  latter  may  be  considered   the  domestic,  and  the 
brmer  the  defensive,,  trees  of  civilised  society.     The  oak  is  nevo*  found  in 
perfection,  except  in  a  good  soil,  and  in  a  temperate  climate.     Like  almort 
all  other  plants,  it  will  thrive  in  a  deep  sandy  loam  or  in  vegetable  soil,  bat 
to  attain  its  full  size,  and  to  bring  its  timber  to  perfection,  it  requires  a  lofl 
more  or  less  alluvial  or  loamy ;  and  the  European  oaks  are  always  motf 
luxuriant,  and  produce  the  best  timber,  on  a  soil  somewhat  calcareous.    No 
oak,  in  the  temperate  climates,  is  found  of  a  large  size  at  a  great  devatioo 
above  the  level  of  the  sea,  or  where  the  climate  is  very  severe  in  spring.     In 
the  Himalayas,  and  in  Mexico,  oaks  are  found  of  large  size  on  mountains;  but 
then  the  climate,  naturally  hot,  is  only  rendered  temperate  by  elevation.    All 
oaks  whatever  are  impatient  of  spring  frosts.     Tne  wood  of  most  of  the 
species  of  oaks  is,  comparatively  with  that  of  other  trees,  hard,  compact, 
heavy,  tough,  and  durable ;   and,  in  most,  the  entire  plant,  and  more  espe- 
cially the  bark,  leaves,  and  fruit,  abound  in  astringent  matter  and  in  taoniiu 
The  wood  of  the  larger-growing  European  kinds,  and  more  especiallj  of 
the  group  /26bur,  is  considered  superior  to  all  other  European  or  AiuericM 
woods  for  ship-building.     The  wood  of  Q.  ilba,  and  that  of  Q.  vireos,  are 
most  esteemed  for  the  same  object  in  America.  The  wood  of  the  group  Cenis  is 
also  employed  in  ship-building  in  Turkey  and  Greece.     The  oiue  is  generally 
propagated  by  seea,  and  time  will  be  gained  by  sowing  acorns  where  the 
plants  are  intended  finally  to  remain.     Varieties  are  propagated  by  inarrhing 
or  whip-grafling,  the  latter  being  performed  close  to  the  surrace  of  the  grDona 
on  the  collar  of  the  plant;  and  the  graft  afterwards  earthed  up.    All  the 
American  deciduous  oaks  may  be  grafted  on  Q.  Cerris,  and  all  the  evei]greee 
oaks,  both  European  and  American,  on  Q.  Tlex.    The  mode  of  raJsing  oaks 
from  the  acorn  is  the  same  in  all  the  species.    The  acorns  need  not  be 
gathered  from  the  tree,  but  may  be  collected  from  the  ground  immedistdy 
after  they  have  dropped ;  and,  as  in  the  case  of  other  tree  seeds,  tbejr  msjr 
be  either  sown  then,  or  kept  till  the  following  spring.    If  they  are  to  be  kepi 


LXX.    CORYLA'cEiE:    (^UE^RCUS.  847 

they  should  be  made  perfectly  dry  in  the  sun  ;  or  in  an  airy  shade  mixed  with 
dry  sand,  in  the  proportion  of  three  bushels  oi'  sand  to  one  bushel  of  acom», 
or  with  dry  moss ;  and  then  excluded  from  the  air  and  vermin,  by  being  put 
into  barrels  or  boxes,  or  laid  up  in  a  cellar,  or  buried  in  heaps,  and  covered 
with  a  sufficient  thickness  of  earth  to  exclude  the  weather.  If  the  acorns 
are  to  be  transported  from  one  country  to  another,  the  same  mixing  with 
dry  sand  or  dry  moss,  and  exclusion  from  the  air,  are  adopted ;  but  the 
more  certain  mode  of  retaining  the  vital  principle  in  acorns  is,  to  mix  them 
with  moist  earth,  or  with  moist  live  moss  (5ph6gnum)  :  in  either  of  the 
latter  mediums,  they  will  germinate  during  a  long  voyage ;  but  no  evil  will 
result  from  this,  provided  they  are  sown  immediately  on  their  arrival.  When 
acorns  are  to  be  sown  in  a  nursery,  the  soil  ought  to  be  thoroughly  prepared 
and  rendered  fine ;  and,  after  the  earth  is  drawn  off  the  beds,  or  the  drills 
opened,  the  acorns  may  either  be  scattered  over  the  beds,  or  along  the  drills, 
so  that  the  nuts  may  be  about  2  in.  apart;  and,  to  regulate  this  distance 
with  greater  certainty,  the  sand  may  be  separated  from  the  acorns  with  a 
sieve.  In  either  case,  the  acorns,  before  covering,  must  be  patted  down  with 
the  buck  of  a  spade  in  the  beds,  and  with  the  back  of  a  wooden-headed 
rake  in  the  drills.  The  covering,  which  ought  to  be  of  well-broken  soil, 
should  vary  in  depth,  according  to  the  size  of  the  acorn ;  1^  in.  being  enough 
for  those  of  the  largest  size,  such  as  those  of  the  groups  £6bur,  All^,  &c. ; 
and  I  in.  for  those  of  the  smallest  size,  such  as  those  of  the  groups  P\ex, 
PheliOB,  &c.  No  mode  of  depositing  acorns  in  the  soil  can  be  worse  thau 
that  of  dropping  them  in  holes  made  by  a  dibber.  The  acorn  drops  into 
the  hole,  and  becomes  wedged  by  its  sides  before  it  gets  to  the  bottom ;  and, 
if  the  upper  extremity  of  ^e  acorn  should  be  downwards  instead  of  upwards, 
it  can  hardly  be  expected  to  grow.  For  this  reason,  the  dibber  should  only 
be  used  in  pulverised  soils  ;  and  the  point  of  the  instrument  should  be  of  a 
diameter  greater  than  the  length  of  the  largest  acorn  which  has  to  be  dropped 
into  the  hole.  As  acorns  are  greedily  devoured  by  vermin,  and  especially  by 
land  rats  and  mice,  they  ought  to  be  sown  in  an  open  part  of  the  nursery,  not 
near  hedges,  ditches,  or  houses  ;  and  where,  whether  in  nur^ries  or  in  fields 
intended  to  become  oak  woods,  much  danger  is  apprehended  from  vermin;  they 
ought  not  to  be  sown  till  late  in  March,  so  as  to  lessen  the  period  between  the 
depositing  of  the  acorn  and  its  becoming  a  plant. 

Am  all  oaks,  when  young,  are  remarkable  for  throwing  down  long  and  vigo- 
rous taproots,  and  producing  few  lateral  ones,  they  ought  to  be  sown  where 
they  are  finally  to  remain,  especially  if  the  subsoil  be  good,  and  other  cir- 
cumstances not  unfavourable ;  but,  as  this  cannot  always  be  the  case,  it  is 
customary  among  nurserymen  to  transplant  the  oak  at  one  or  two  years' 
growth,  removing  great  part  of  the  taproot ;  some  of  them,  however,  shorten 
the  taproot  without  removing  the  plant,  by  inserting  the  spade  obliquely 
in  the  soil,  so  as  to  cut  through  tne  roots,  at  from  6  in.  to  8  in.  beneath 
the  surface ;  an  operation  most  conveniently  performed  when  the  oaks  are 
sown  in  drilb  ;  because  in  that  case  the  spade  can  first  be  inserted  all  along 
one  side  of  the  drill,  and  then  all  along  the  other.  The  French  nurserymen, 
when  acorns,  walnuts,  and  other  tree  seeds  which  send  down  very  long  tap- 
roots, are  to  be  reared  with  a  view  to  being  transplanted,  sometimes  germinate 
them  in  moist  earth,  or  in  sawdust,  placed  in  a  temperature  of  50°  or  60° ; 
and,  after  the  radicle  has  been  protruded  two  or  three  times  the  length  of  the 
acorn  or  nut,  pinch  off  its  extreme  point  before  the  seed  is  committed  to  the 
soil.  This  treatment,  which  is  applicable,  as  we  have  seen  in  the  case  of  the 
horsechestnut  (see  p.  125.),  to  most  large-seeded  trees,  has  the  effect  of  im- 
mediately causing  tne  taproot  to  throw  out  numerous  lateral  fibres ;  which 
is  highly  favourable  for  transplantation,  though  it  is  not  so  for  the  rapid 
growth  of  the  tree  for  the  first  year  or  two  afterwards.  To  counteract  its 
efiect  in  this  respect,  when  the  tree  is  planted  where  it  is  finally  to  remain,  ana 
has  grown  there  two  or  three  years,  it  ought  to  be  cut  down  to  the  ground  ; 
after  which  it  will  throw  up  vigorous  shoots,  and  send  down  perpendicular 


848  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

.  roots ;  and  if  from  the  shoots  one  is  selected  to  form  the  future  tree,  and  the 
others  carefull}'  rubbed  off,  the  tree  will  advance  at  as  rapid  a  rate  as  if  it  had 
been  sown  where  it  was  intended  finally  to  remain ;  and,  in  cases  where  the 
subsoil  is  bad,  much  more  so. 

In  the  future  culture  of  the  oak,  the  trees  generally  require  side-pruning 
when  the  object  is  a  straight  clean  trunk.  As  most  of  the  species  grow  erect, 
the  hardier  deciduous  kinds  are  well  adapted  for  hedgerows ;  but,  as  many 
of  the  American  kinds  are  comparatively  tender,  they  are  most  advantageousily 
cultivated  in  masses.  The  group  /lex  forms  excellent  evergreen  hedges,  and 
most  of  the  species  belonging  to  it  endure  the  sea  breeze.  The  Nepal  species, 
as  far  as  they  have  hitherto  been  introduced,  require,  even  in  the  climate  of 
London,  the  protection  of  a  wall. 

We  have  arranged  the  species  in  the  following  groups :  — 

A.  Leaves  deciduous, 

A.  Natives  of  Europe. 

}  i.     Ro^VR,    British  Oaks,     Leaves  lobed  and  sinuated;    dying  off  of  a 

yellowish  or  russet  brown.  Bark  rough.  Buds  ovate.  Fnictificatton  annual. 

Cups  imbricate. 
§  ii.     C^^RRis.     Turkey  Oaks.     Leaves  lobed  and  sinuated,  or  dentated ;  in 

some  varieties  sub-evergreen  ;  always  dying  off  of  a  dirty  white.   Bark  rough. 

Buds  furnished  with  linear  stipules.     Fructification  biennial.     Cups  edii- 

nate,  ramentaceous,  or  scaly-squarrose. 

B.  Natives  of  North  America, 

^  iii.  A^LBJE,  White  Oaks,  Leaves  lobed  and  sinuated  ;  dnng  off  more  or 
less  shaded  with  a  violet  colour.  Bark  white,  and  scaling  off  in  thin  laniinz. 
Fructification  annual.  Cup  imbricate  or  echinate.  Nut  oblong,  generally  lar^ 

J  iv.  Pri^nus.  Chestnut  Oaks.  Leaves  dentate  ;  dying  off  of  a  dirty  white, 
or  of  a  rich  yellowish  orange.  Bark  white,  rough,  and  scaling  off.  Fructifi- 
cation annual.     Cup  imbricate.     Nut  ovate,  rather  large. 

$  V.  Ru^BR£.  Med  Oaks,  Leaves  lobed,  sinuated,  and  deeply  cut,  mucro- 
nated  ;  dpng  off  of  a  deep  red,  scarlet,  or  purple.  Bark  blackish  ;  smooth 
or  fiirrowed,  but  never  scaly.  Fructification  biennial.  Nut  ovate,  and  with 
a  persistent  style.    Cup  imbricate,  large  in  proportion  to  the  nut. 

}  vi.  Ni^QRiE.  Black  Oaks,  Leaves  obtusely  and  verj'  slightly  lobed ;  with 
mucros,  which  generally  drop  off  when  the  leaves  have  attained  their  tall 
size ;  leaves  dymg  off  of  a  blackish  green,  or  very  dark  purplish  red,  and 
in  America  frequently  persistent.  Bark  quite  black,  smooth,  or  fiirrowed : 
but  never  scaly.  Fructification  biennial.  Cup  imbricate.  Nut  with  a  per- 
sistent style,  and  sometimes  marked  with  dark  lines. 

J  vii.  Phe'^llos.  Willow  Oaks,  Leaves  quite  entire ;  dying  off  without 
much  change  of  colour;  but  in  America  sometimes  persisting  during  two 
or  three  years.  Young  shoots  straight  and  wand-likc.  Bark  very  smooth, 
black,  and  never  cracked.  Fructification  biennial.  Cup  imbricate  and 
shallow.     Nut  roundish  and  very  small. 

B.  Leaves  evergreen, 

A .  Natives  of  Europe. 

}  viii.  /^LEX.  HoliUf  or  Holly ^  Oaks,  Leaves  ovate  or  oval,  entire  or  ser- 
rated, with  or  without  prickly  mucros.  Bark  smooth  and  black,  or  rou^ 
and  corky.  Fructification  biennial.  Cup  imbricate.  Nut  ovate,  acumi- 
nate ;  sometimes  very  long  in  proportion  to  the  cup. 

B.  Natives  of  North  America, 

$  ix.  ViRE'^NTEs.  Live  Oaks,  Leaves  oblong-lanceolate;  dentate  and  vari- 
ously cut  when  young,  but  on  full-grown  trees  quite  entire.  Bark  smooth, 
black.     Fructification  biunnial.    Cup  imbricate.     Nut  long. 


Lxx.  coryla'ce^:  que'rcus.  849 

C.   Natinei  of  Nepal  and  Mexico. 
f  X.     Lana'Tc     Woolh/Jeaoed  Oaki.     Leaves  oval,   oblong,  or  lanceolate  \ 
■errated  or  dentate ;  woolly  beneath. 

A.  Leavet  decidmna. 

A.  Nahvet  of  Europe. 

$  i.  Rofw.     British  Oaks. 

&ct.  Char.     Leaves   lobed  and   Berrated ;  dying  oiF  of  a  yellowish  or  nuseC 

brown.     Bark  rou^.   Buds  ovate.   FructiRcBtion  annual.    Cups  imbricate. 

—  Trees  from  30  ft.  to  above  100  It.  high. 

X  I.  Q.  PEDUNCULA^i  H^iUd.     The  common,  or  pedunded,  Britiih  Oak. 

IdnUifcaliail.    Wtlld.  Sp.  PI.,  No.  M.  ;  Ehr.  Alb,  77  1  PI.  Off,,  189. 

Srwmtmtt,    Q.  Hbbai  l.in.  Sp.  Ft,  Itlt.,  Cm.  Bol.  1.  IMl-j  Q.  K.  prduncuMtun  Herl.  Fl.  BtM. 
\  10.  1  a.  (iflDlIU  Aw*  Gtrm.  I.  p.  4I«. J  O   It«rn«4  y.  Uu  ^«.  }.  p.  177. ,  Q.  cum  longa 

Kunnilo  Aial.  i>Ai.  ri". ;  U.  /finicrii  SdJeot.  HUi.  1. 1  Cuircui  fWili  hiil.  m. ;  0.  niHilli 
w)  I  Whili  Otli  I  CtatM  Mane  SrcinMal,  p.  16. 1. 3.  i  Chtar  pMoiKul*  00  1  Cuppfa.  CUoa 
HiihU, Gniilln,  Fr.i  SUtI  Eh-ks.  frUh  EicIk,  Ttad  Elcba.  Lolii  Elche.  Wald  ^Icbii,  Q<r. i 
EKhlo.  QlHTill  jnnllt,  lUl.t  EdcIu  roble,  Spu 
DrrAnilMiii.  Ths  Frmch  ud  acrmin  dilidh  itrnlfr  Um  wblta  cut,  tlia  boach-fruitsd  «k,  Um 
ICinala  oU.  Ibe  iUUmI  oak.  Ihi  «rl;  oak  (aUiidlag  to  tbs  prsduOlciD  ar  Itaa  IraTci),  Ihi  laller 

Si^ritlMtl.    EnzBDl.t,  1S43.;  H.  Uu  Hun..  T.  L.  M.  :  WlUd.  AbbUd..  t.  110. ;  thi  p1il«  of  Ihla 

Uaa  In  Alb.  BrC,  1H  adit.,  lol.  tU.  ;  and  aaijlt  IM!. 
^pec.  Char.,  4fe.  Leaves  on  short  footHtalki,  oblong,  smooth,  dilated  upwards  ; 
sinuses  rather  acute  ;  lobes  obtuse.  Stalks  of  the  fhiit  elongated.  Nut 
oblong.  (JVi/ld.)  A  Urge  deciduous  tree.  Europe  and  Britain.  Height 
AOft.  to  100  ft.,  with  spreading  tortuous  branches  and  spray,  and,  when 
standiug  singly,  with  a  headofken  broader  than  it  is  high.  Flowen 
greenish  and  white;  April.     Nut  brown  j  ripe  September. 


1  Q.  p.ipiMtceni  Lodd.  Cat  ed.  1836.— Leaves  downy  breath. 

1  Q.  p.  3  futigidla.  Q.  Tastigidta  Lam.  ;  Q.  pynmidklis  Horl. ;  Ch£ne 
Cypria,  Cbene  des  Pyren&a,  Fr.  CThe  plate  of  this  tree  in  At6.  Bril.. 
Istedit.,  vol.  vii. ;  end  our  j^.  1543.) — A  handsome  deciduous  tree, 
resembling  in  general  form  the  Lombardy  poplar.  It  is  found  in  the 
valleys  of  the  Western  Pyrenees,  and  in  the  Landes  near  Bordeaux, 
though  but  sparingly,  and  frequently  roDies  true  from  seed.  In  British 
gardens  it  grows  most  rapidly  and  vigoroivly  when  grafted  on  the 
■pedes,  or  on  Q.  sessiliflora. 

I  Q.  f .  4  oendula.  Q.  pcndula  Lodd.  Cal.  183C  ;  the  Weeping  Oak.  — 
Branches  decidedly  pendulous.   The  largest  tree  of  this  variety  that 


gSO  AKBOKXTUH   ST   FRUTICETUM   BHITANMICUM- 


we  know  of,  in  England,  stands  in  the  parit  Bt  Hoccai  Conit,  Ha» 
fordihire,  and  is,  perhaps,  one  of  the  most  extraordinuy  treei  of  Ac 
oak  kind  in  existence.  It  generally  comes  true  from  seed.  (S« 
GanL  Mag.  vol.  xu.  p.  368.) 


LXX.    ClUlYLA^CE.S  :    QUE'KCirs. 


851 


I  i;,.  y.  fl  heUroph^lla.  Q.  lalicitblia  Hort.,  Q,  laciniita  Lod.  Cal.,  (J,  /ili. 
cifolia  Hort.,  y.  Fennesai  Hort.  (Our  fig.  1544.)  —  In  thu  vuietf 
the  leftvce  vary  exceedingly  in  magnitiule,  in  sljope,  and  io  being  Ian' 
ceolaCe  and  entire,  cut  at  thecdgra,  or  deeply  lociniaced, 

1  Ct^p.ajuliUvaiiegatu  Lodil.  Cat.  — LeavM  variegated  with  white,  with 
some  streaks  of  red.   When  tinely  grown,  a  very  ornamental  tree. 

f  Q.  p.  7  purpurea.  Q.  purpurea  Lmfi/.  C'af. —  Youne  Ehoots,  and  the  foot- 
stalks of  the  leaves,  tinged  with  purple.  Young  leaves,  when  they  first 
come  out,  almost  entirely  purple,  and  very  striking.  A  tree,  which  is 
among  the  oaks  what  the  purple  beech  ia  among  the  beeches.  There 
is  a  specimen  30  ft,  high  at  Amo'a  Grove,  Southgate. 

Other  Vaneliei.  Q.  f.  HodgCnw,  Q.  p.  cinerea,  and  Q.  p.  dulcis  are 
described  in  our  Qn>t  edition.  The  variciic't  of  firiiish  oaks  which  might 
be  selected  from  extensive  wooda  of  that  tree  are  without  end. 


Qujrcua  pediincuUta,  both  in  Britain  end  on  the  Continent,  b  generally 
found  on  better  soil  than  Q,.  sessilifldra ;  and  in  wood  splita  more  easily,  and 
is  lighter,  than  the  wood  of  that  species.  In  France,  the  chene-^raiipea  is 
always  planted  in  preference  to  the  chene-rouvre,  where  the  soil  is  sufficiently 
good.  When  both  oaks  are  planted  leather  in  good  soil,  the  red  oak  (Q. 
serailiflora)  outgrows  the  white  ouk  {Q.  peduncul^ta)  ^  and,  when  either  oak 
grows  on  particular  descriptions  of  soils,  with  bad  subsoils,  the  wood  assumes 
a  brown  or  dork  colour,  and  is  found,  when  worked  up,  to  be  of  comparatively 
short  duration.  Hence,  a  good  deal  of  confusion  has  arisea  as  to  the  com- 
parative value  of  the  wi>od  of  these  two  species.  For  splitting,  the  white  oak 
■8  to  be  preferred ;  and,  with  respect  to  durability,  we  btlieve  that  depends 
more  on  the  soil,  and  on  the  rapidity  or  slowness  of  growth,  than  on  the 
speciea.  (See  Arh.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  p.  1731.  to  p.  1642. ;  and  Gard.  Chnm., 
vol.  i.  p.  70.) 


1  E.    ^  SESSlLIFLo'Rjt 

il.  Piod.,  Ka. ;  Smkb  Fl. 


The  sessile-dowered  Oak. 

>.t.diEna.Bot..l.]MS. 
Man.  ^Ktui.  L  11. ;  a.  linllli 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANN 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaven  On  longish  footstulks,  deciduous,  obione,  unooth; 
sinuses  op|Kiiite,  rather  aciitt ;  lobes  obtuse.  Fruit  sessile.  Nut  obk>ii|. 
(Sum/A.)  Leaves,  when  young,  pubescent  beneath.  {WilUt.)  A  largederidu- 
oua  tree,  readily  distingul.shed  from  the  preceding  species,  even  ut  a  disture, 
by  the  less  tufted  appearance,  and  generally  paler  green,  of  its  foliage  duril^ 
summer  j  and,  in  winter,  by  its  less  tortuous  spray  and  branches,  by  in 
lighter-coloured  bark,  by  its  larger  buds,  and  by  its  frequently  retaining  ill 
leaves, after  they  have  withered,  till  the  following  spring. 

t  <^t.  2  pubiteenM.  Q.  i.  var.  B  Snath  Eng.  Fl.  vol.  iv.  p.  ISO. ;  Q  pa- 
biactn*  IVilld.  Sp.  PI.  iv.  p.  4S0.  ;  Q.  R.  lanugindsum  Lam.  Did.  i. 
p.  717. !  the  Durmast,  aiart.  Fl.  Rutt.  X.  12.  — Leaves  down;  bf 
neath.     Fruit  sessile,  but  sometioies  subsessile. 

1  Q.:ZmacTocATj}a.  Q.ifdburna- 
crocArpum  Booth.  (Our  ff. 
1546.)— Fruit  lar^.  Lodd. 


I  Q.   (.   4  Jdlkenberghuit.      Q.   falkenberg^mis   Booth,   Fiir4«    Ha^. 
Tour  p.5.,  and  Arb.  Brit.  1st  ediLpyl986.    {Oaifig.  15*7.)— Lea«» 
small  and  serrated.   Fruit  small.    Plant  stunted.    Found  on  the  hills 
of  Falkenbei^g  by  Mr.  Booth  in  1832,  and  introduced  in  1837. 
X  Q.t.  5  autlrdlu.    Q.  ?  austrMis  LaJc  in   ^irmg.  Sytl.  Quer.  No.  X, 
miArb.Rril.   1st  edit.   p.  1925.     (Our  ^.  1346,)— Leaves  iw^ 
regularly  lobed,  and  evergreen  or  siib-erergreen.      lotrodoced  bf 
Capt.  S.  E.  Cook  (now  Widderingtouj  in  lBa5,  and  postibly  a  dis- 
tinct species,  but  we  think  not.     Horticultural  Society's  Ganien. 
Other  Varietirt  are  mentioned  by  Bosc  and  some  French  autbon,  uid  ii 
the  Gardener' I  Magiaine,  vol.  xii  p.  571.,  and  Arb.  Brit,,  Istedit^  p.  1T37, 
fifteen  are  dewribed  as  having  been  found  by  the  Rev.  W.  T.  Bree  in  W»i^ 
wickshire,  in  the  district  called  the  Forest  of  Ardeo. 
Qu^rcui  sesaililldni  is  generally  the  only  British  oak  found  in  poor  soO ; 
for  example,  on  the  high  j;rounds  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Thames  betwen 
Orcenwich  and  Oravesend.     On  the  poor  soils  of  the  north  and  middle  of 
France,  it  is  the  only  oak  which  is  indigenous.     The  oaks  of  the  Boii  de 
Boulogne  are  entirely  of  this  species  ;  as  are  those  in  the  woods  of  Meudoti, 
and  throughout  the  whole  of  the  extensive  Forest  of  Fonlaipeblmi.      I" 
Britain  it  is  also  frequently  found  id  rich  soil,  with  or  without  Q.  pcdunrn- 
Uta  ;  but  the  latter  species  is  nrver  found  indigenous  on  soils  so  immit  it  tbose 
in  Kbich  Q.  sestiliilDra  is  found,     (See  our  Rrst  edition.) 


UX.    CORYLA  CES, :    QUE  RCl'3. 


?  3.  a.  p>iiBN*'ic*  Wm.    The  Pyreoean  Oak. 

.    Wllld.i  K.  Dd  HuB.,T.  p.  1T».;  [le«'iCfcL,Nii.Tt. 

8.  rmia*i  Pf".  i  a.  nigr.  I»iinr  CWpr. ;  «.  TSm  Bok  ;  6.  ■n>lon1fcr>  LoKrr.i 
It.  teiniwilbH  Ore.  I  CbtDBUoIr,  Scnn>diit>  Chtae-tuuin,  Pr. 
fivroniv J.    Stcaaau,  Htm.  du  Cbhia,  L 1.  lud  t,  L  i  N.  Du  Hon.,  7.  t.  U. ;  ud  omjlt.  1M9. 

^rc  CAar,,  if-e.  Leaved  oblong,  pinnatifid  ;  stalked  ;  downy  beneath  ;  some- 
what heart -shapeii  and  unequal  at  the  base  ;  lobes  obtuse,  slightly  toothed. 
Fruit  Gtalked.  (WHId.)  A  low  tree,  lechnically  deciduous,  but  retaining 
its  withered  leaves  throughout  the  winter,  and  till  they  are  pushed  off  by 
the  expanding  buds  in  the  following  summer.  Pyrenees.  Height  SO  ft.  la 
30  fl.  Introduced  in  ISSi.  Flowers  greeuiiih  white  ;  May  and  June. 
Readily  known,  from  its   infancy  upwards,  from 

every  other  oak,  in  spring,  by  the  dense  covering  of 

woolly  down  that  is  spreaJ  over  its  voung  leaves,  f 

which,  on  their  first  appearance  (in  the  climate  of 

Loudon,  three  weeks  later  than  those  of  the  com-   , 

mon  oak),  are  of  a  reddish  ringe.     The  leaves  are 

retained  during  the  winter,  when  they  appear  curled 

up,  and  at  the  extremities  of  the  shoots  remind  one 

of  the  carved  work  in  wood  of  the  sculptor  Gibbons. 

The  roots  run  near  the  surface,  and  throw  up  nu-   ' 

merous  suckers.     The  wood,  which  weighs  60  lb.  per  J 

cubic  loot,  is  of  great  hardness,  toughness,  and  dure-  ^ 

biHty,  but  apt  to  warp  ;  the  bark  lurnishea  the  beiit 

of  aJI  tan.      It  is  one  of  the  most   ornamental  of 

oaks,  and  being  of. small  stature  it  ought  to  find  a  ]««.  ^  rrrt'- 

place  in  every  collectiou,  instead  of  which  it  is  com- 

mratively  rare  in  Ei^land.     Several  varieties  are  mentioned  in  the  New 

DuHamel. 


1  4.  Q.  E'sctJi 

IdrutitlcaOaii.    Lln.Sp.F1.,  Ull.! 

Sgnomma.     fUiiu  e'Kuliu.  nu 

&TiwiHlm.    From  otfl,  Imi.    T 

bat  >hg  Q.  .Piculnl  at  LtnnEUI 

Engr^att.    The  pUle  of  tbli  tm 


js  L.     The  Beculus,  or  Ilalian,  Oak. 

i.  Dn  HaiD,.T.  p.  IIS,  i  Rnt'i  Cytl_  No.  !D. 

M  lam.,  Dalrci.  HM.  B. ;  Chtae  gtM,  Fr. 

a  EkuLiu  or  Ihc  cluilo  fi  bj  tome  ukim  be  tbt  bwA  I 

DOW  titllemi  (o  bg  tbt  Ptaigoi  of  Tbaopbtutui.  whicb  hi 


ARBORETUM    ET   FBUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


Spec.  Char.,  S/c.  Leavei  ovate-oblong,  sinuated,  smooth ;  paler  beneath ;  seg- 
ments bluntish,  aomewhat  angular  at  the  base-  Fruit  nearlv  sessile.  Calti 
Bcnly,  hemispherical.  {Srmth.)  A  deciduoiu  tree  or  the  middle  iws.  South 
of  Europe.  Hei^t  SO  h.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1739.  Flowers  greaiid 
white  ;  May.  Acoms  brown  ;  ripe  in  October. 
A  very  handsome  spedcs,  quite  hardy,  and  deserving  a  place  in  every  col. 

lection.     There  are  large  specimens  of  it  in  Whilton  F^. 

1  i.Q.  (E,)  apbnni'na  Lam.   The  Apcnnine 

Mcwliflfallim,  Lm.  DM,  Encfcl.  I.  II.7U.;  N.  Du  Hun.. 


oval,    disposed    along    a    snort    neduncle. 

(Lam.)     The  leaves  are  enceedingly  woolly 

beneath  ;  the  acoms  small,  almost  globular, 

and  sometimes  borne  to  the  number  of  8 

or  10  OQ  one  peduncle,  not  above  I  in.  in 

length.     The  tree  does  not  attain   a  large 

siie,  seldom  exceeding  the  height  of  20  ft. 

Not  )'et  introduced  ;  out  apparently  only  a 

variety  of  Q.  £'sculua  ;   or  perhaps  even      .^i^ 

identical  with  it.  lui.  v.^_ou. 

J  ii.   Cerris.     Mossy-cupped,  or  Turkey,  Oakt. 

Sect.  Char.  Leaves  lobcd  and  sinuated,  ordentated  ;  more  or  less  penisteoti 
in  some  varietiea,  sub-evergreen  or  evergreen ;  always  dying  ofl*  irf'  a  di^ 
white  or  paper  brown,  never  with  any  tinge  of  red  oryellow.  Budi  liir* 
niahed  with  hnear  stipules.  FructificatioD  generally  biennial.  Cups  t^ 
nate,  ramentaceous,  or  scaly,  squarrose. 

t  6.  Q.  C^'rRIs  L.     Thelnller,  or  motttftrupjxd.  Oak. 

Oik;  Chins  i>ril'i.  (.'hSncehenlu,  CMoBde  Botirtognc. /v. ;  ^rjunUjclK EkM C")-"*^ 


tXX.    CORYLACEJB:    aUE'RCUS. 

Ilk  appcllUloii  lUUpklCKM  iru  inMiMl  1^  FUht  Io 


i^tfc.  CAor.,  j-e.      Leareg   on  verjr  ihort 
■Ulki,   oblong   deeply    and    unequally 

E'nnatifid  ;  hair;  beneath  j  )obea  lanceo- 
Ee,  acute,  somewbat  angular.  Stipules 
loii^  than  the  footstalkB.  Calyx  of  the 
Truit  bemUpherical,  briKlj'.  {SmilA.)  A 
large  dedUuoiu  tree,  attaining  the  tame 


height  as  the  Bricbh  oak,  but  of  much 

more  rapid  and  YLgoroua  growth.  France, 
Italy,  Spain,  Austria,  and  the  Levant. 
Introduced  in  1735.  Flowers  greenish 
i  April.     Acorna  brown  ; 


Farietiei.  There  is  a  great  tendency  in  thii  species  to  sport ;  so  that 
many  Tarietiea  may  be  selected  from  ereiy  bed  of  seetilings.  It  also  ap- 
peara  to  hybridise  with  fiicility,  especially  vith  Q.  Siiber  ;  and  from  this 
cross  the  numerous  race  of  varieties  known  as  the  Lucombe  or  Exeter 
oaks,  the  Fulbao)  oaks,  and  the  Ragnal  oaks  have  been  raised.  There  are 
also  some  varieties  of  Q.  Cerris  which  appear  to  owe  tlieir  origin  to  geo- 
graphical circumstances ;  such  as  Q.  C.  sustrlaca,  and  Q.  C.  crinlta.  The 
vanetiei  cultivated  in  British  nurseries  may,  for  practical  purposes,  be  ar- 
ranged aa  deciduous,  sutKcvergreen,  and  evei^reen. 

•  Foliage  deaduotu. 
a.  Leavei  frntnatifid  or  imuaied.     Cupi  of  ihe  Aconu  laotiy. 
*  Q,  C.  1  mdgani.     Q.  C.  frondflaa  MiU.  Diet.  ed.  5.  (see  Jig-  1552., 
and  the  plates   of  this  tree   in  Arb.  Brit,,  1st  edit.,   vol.  viL)  — 
Leavea  pmnalilidly  sinuated,  and  the  cups  covered  with  soft  moss. 
Of  this  variety   there  is  an  endless  number  of  subvarietieB.     Fig. 
1558.  may  be  considered  as  the  normal  fonn;^.  1654.  has  the 
leaves  laort  deeply  sinuated  :  jSg.  1553.  is  from  a  specimen  cf  great 
31  4 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BEUTANNICUH. 

beftut;,  sent  ut  by  John  ThomaB  Brook, 
Esq.,  of  Flitwick  House :  and  fig. 
1555.,  copied  from  the  iigure  given 
in  Olivier's  Traecit,  b  tlie  Q.  crinita 
lai.  I  Lam.  Did.  \.  p.  716.:  Q.  Tonr- 
nefdrtii  Willd.  No.  74. :  Q.  orientMia 
latifilia,  &c.,  Tonm.  Cor.  40.,  Voy. 
ii.  p.  178.;  Q.  Cerria  0&>.  Yiy.  \.  p. 
S31.,  Eng.  e<l.  ii  p.  5.  and  t.  IS.  i 
and  Q.  Waliphlce'CMi  Boic  Mem.  lar 
lei  Chfnet.  Fig.  1556.  ahows  portraita 
of  three  leavea,  taken  from  a  siiedmen 
^    1  the 


Buckingham  Palace. 


5  Q.  C.  Spendaia  Neill  id  Lauder's  GUmo,  toI,  i.  p.  73.— Branches  peo- 

dulouE.     The  handaomest  tree  of  thia  variety  in  Britain  is  pn^b- 

bly  that  at  Hackwood  Park,  40  ft.  high,  from  a  apecimen  of  ^iA 

Jig.  1557.  was  taken.     The  branches  not  only  droop  to  the  groui>4 

but,  after  touching  it,  they  atcf 

along  the  auriace  to  some  distinct, 

like   those    of   SopAhra  japdnici 

pendula,  p.  196. 


X  Q.  C.  4  mriegala  Lodd.  Cau,  ed.  1836.  —  Le»«  roriegated. 

b.  Leavei  dentate.     Cvpt  of  the  Aconu  britlti/. 
3  Q.  C.  5  autlriaca.     Q.  austriaca  Wiild.    No.  76. ;  Q.  (Xnit  Bat  ^ 
580.,  a  and  ^  No.  28. ;   Q.  crinlu  y  C&tit  Un.,  Lout.  Di^-  >■  P- 


LXx.  £roRVLA^CE£ :  qve'rcvs.  857 

718.;  Q.ci1yce  htspido,  &c.,  BauA.  Pin.  490.  (The  plate  of  this 
tree  in  Ar6.  Brit.,  Uc  edit.,  vol.  vil  ;  and  our ^.  1559.)— Leaves  on 
loi^^Uh  Btalka,  ovate-oblong,  iligfatlf  but  copiously  ainuated  ;  downy 
•Dd  hoary  breath ;  lobei  short,  ovate,  acute,  entire.  Stipules 
aborter  tban  the  footstalks.  Calyx  of  the  fruit  hemtiipherical,  bristly. 


(SimtA.)     Sir  J.  B.  Smith  observea  that  this  tree  is  "  generally  mis- 
taken for  Q.  Cfrrit,  from  which  Dothing  can  be  more  ccrtunly  dis- 
tinct ;"  we  admit  their    distinctness,  but  no  one  who  has  seen  the 
two  trees  tt^ether   in  the   Horticultural  Society's  Garden  can,  we 
think,  doubt  their  being  only  difTcr- 
ent   forms    of   the    same  species. 
Austria,  Hungary,  Camiola,  Italy,  , 
nnd  other  parts  of  the  South   ot  ' 
Europe,     iu    atony     mountainous   . 

C'   :es.     Height  and  other  particu- 
as  in  the  species. 
T  Q.  C.  6  cdna  tnajor.   Q.  cans  mAjor 

Lodd.   Cat.  ed.  1B36  (fig.  1560.)  ; 

the  hoaryJeaved  bitter,  or  Turkey,  '  ^ 

Oak.^ — Resembles   Q.  austrlaca  in  S 

the  form  of  its  leaves  ;   but  they 

are  much  more  downy  beneath. 
*  Q.  C.  7  cdm,  minor.  Q.  c4na  minor  '"*■  •■"=■"■—*•■ 

Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.— Resembles  the  preceding  kind,  but  has  narrower 

X  Q.  C.  8  Ragna!.    Q.  Rignal  Lodd.  Col.  ed.   1B36  ;  the  Ragnal  Oak. 
—  This  variety  has  rather  narrower  and  more  deeply  cut  leaves  than 


•8  ABBORETUH    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITAHNICUM. 

Q.  C.  cina  m^r ;  but,  in  other  respects,  scarcel;  diffen  from  tW 
••  Foliage  lub-evergrren.     Leauft  dentate.     Aoonu  talk  briillif  dpL 

The  leaves  remaJQ  on  the  tree  tbrou^  a  great  part  of  tbe  winter,  rebiD- 
ing  [heir  vitnlity  and  greenness.  In  mild  winters,  tbe  learea  do  DM 
b^n  to  drop  till  March  or  April ;  and,  even  in  severe  winten,  a  pvto^ 
them,  on  the  sheltered  side  of  the  tree,  continue  green  till  iMrlfae 
end  of  that  month. 


T  Q.  C.  9fiJham(mu.  Q.  C.  dentita  Watt.  Dend.  Brit.  t.  93. ;  A  (^ 
hybrida  var.  dentata  Suit.  ;  the  Fulham  Oak.  (See  the  plaKs  dOa 
tree  in  Arb.  Brit.,  IbI  edit.,  vol.  vii, ;  and  our  y^.  1561.)  — Lw't*. 
alternate,  ovate-elliptic,  lately  deotated  ;  the  ileots  o'  —'" 


LXX.    CORYLA'CES  1    fiUE  HCUS.  859 

iheir  odes  excurved,  end  their  *ertice«  shortly  mucrouftte.  (Wait.) 
ThU  is  B  fine  brosd-JeSTed  sub-evel^een  variety,  of  which  there  ia  a 
magnificent  ipecimen  in  the  Fulham  Nursery. 
It  <i.  C.iO/.laiifiiiaJian. — Leaves  broader  than  those  of  the  {K^ceding 

t  Q.  C.  1 1  Lucombeiina,  Q.  Lucombeiiaa  Swt. ;  Q.  exooiituia  Lodd. 
Cat,  ed.  1836  ;  the  Lucombe  Oak,  the  ererg  eea  Turkev  Oak,  the 
Devonshire  Oak,  the  Exeter  Oak.  (See  tlw  plate  of  tbii  tree  in 
Arb.  Bril.,  iBt  edit.;  and  oury^.  1562.)  — R^iKd  by  Lucombe, 
nurserymaD  at  Exeter,  from  seeds  of  the  specie*  sown  about 
I76S,  and  so  closely  reseoibling  Q,  C.  fulhaiDfasis  as  scarcely  to  be 
worth  keeping  distinct. 

***  FoGage  evergreen,  or  r«ry  nearlg  lo.     Leavei  varytngfrVBi  dentate  lo 
dnaale.     Ci^  of  the  Acomt  briitU/. 

Tbis  secdon  consists  entirely  of  subvarie- 

ties  of  the  Lucombe  Dak,  which  diflcr 

from  the  parent  in  being  nearly  evergreen. 

t   Q.   C.   12  L.  cf^tpa.    Q.   Lucombeiina 

criapa  Hart.;  the  new  Lucombe  Oak. 

( &.     1563.)  —  Leaves     somewhat 

curled   at  the   edges,   and   the   bark 

S  Q.  C.  13  L.  tuberita.  d.  L.  suberosa  ' 
Horl,  —  Leaves  somewhat  longer 
riety,  and  the 
IS ;  that  from 
a  specimen  sent  us  measuring  Sin.  in 
thickness. 
I  Q.  C.  14  X.  mciia.  Q.  L.  incisa  iforf. 
—  Leaves  longer,  and  somewhat  more 
deeply  cut,  than  those  of  the  preced- 
ing varieties,  l 
i  Q.  C.  15  L.  derUala.  Q.  L,  dentita 
Hon.— A  fine  large-leaved  evei^reeo 

variety,  btely   raised  in  the   Exeter  ,5^  »,c,i,aup.. 

Nursery. 
J  Q.  O.  16  heleropk^lla.  Q.  L.  heterophylla  Horl.  (fig.  1564.)— Foliage 
very  variable  ;  also  a  recent  production  of  the  Exeter  Nursery. 
The  Turkey  oak  is  a  free-growing  tree,  with  straight  vigorous  branches, 
which  take  a  much  more  upii^t  direction  than  those  of  the  British  or  com- 
mon oak  I  and  both  branches  and  twigs  are,  in  even'  stage  of  the  tree's  growth, 
wholly  free  from  the  torluou?  chnracier  of  those  of  that  species.  The  trunk 
is  also  strwghter  ;  but  the  branches,  at  their  junction  with  it,  being  remark- 
able  for  an  ununul  degree  of  expansion,  the  trunks  of  middle-aged  trees,  as 
it  is  observed  in  the  Dietiomtaire  da  Eaux  et  Fariti,  ofien  appear  gibbous. 
The  bark  is  comparatively  smooth  and  dork  when  young,  but  corky  as  it  grows 
old  i  and  it  is  reckoned  less  liable  to  chap  and  crack  than  that  of  the  common 
oak.  The  leaves  are  of  a  beautiful  bright  shining  green,  somewhat  glaucous  or 
hoary  beneath  ;  and  they  vary  so  exceedingly  in  size  and  shape  in  different 
tre^  raised  from  seed,  that  almost  every  individual,  if  described  from  the 
leaves  alone,  might  be  constituted  a  distinct  species:  they  have  short  foot- 
stalks, and  are  most  readily  distinguished  from  those  of  oaks  of  every  other 
section  by  their  small  buds,  and  the  numerous  hnear  persistent  stipules  which 
proceed  Irom  them.  The  acorns  are  sessile,  or  on  very  short  footstalks  ;  and 
iher  are  easily  known  by  the  bristly  or  momy  clothing  of  their  cupa.  They 
-'abV  bitter  and  austere  1  a, circumstance  noticed  by  Phny.     The 


860  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH   BUTANNICUH. 

wood  and  bark  are  by 
some  consideretl  aa 
having  the  some   pro- 

KTtiea  as  those  of  the 
riiish  oak  ;  but,  OS  it 
a  only  about  a  century 
since  the  tree  was  in-  t 
troduced  into  this  \ 
country,  very  few  ipe- 
cimens  have  attained  a  ^ 
sufficient  aize  to  be  cut  ^ 
down  for  timtjer,  and 
very  little  experience 
hat  been  obtained  on 
the  subject  The  tree 
is  one  of  ver^  great 
beauty,  both  in  point 
of  fonn  and  foliage; 
and,  being  of  great 
rapidity  of  growth,  it 
is  equHlled  by  few  (or 
ornamental  plsntations. 
The  foliage  of  some 
varieties  is  persistent, 
like  that  of  the  beech 

and  the  hornbeam ;  and  ,uu    „  r  .  .     ..-. 

of  others,  supposed  t( 
be  hybrids,  it  is  sub-evi  ^ 

retained  on  the  trees  till  May.  The  tpedes,  l  . 
acorns  in  England,  fron  which  plants  arc  raised  with  greet  facility ;  but  tbt 
varielie!!,  like  those  of  every  other  oak,  b^ng  very  liublu  to  sport,  can  od'  be 
continued  by  grafting  or  by  layers.  The  stocks  employed  may  be  dther  ti*« 
of  Q.  Cerris,  or  of  the  conimun  British  oak  ;  and  the  grafting  may  be  pB- 
formed  in  the  whip  manner,  with  aa  great  certainty  of  lucceas  aa  in  gnniDi 
common  fniit  trees.  ' 

f  7.  Q.  ^'gilops  L,     The  £gi]op$,  or  Falonia,  Ouk. 

Aiwiwnri.  Q.  otIauUlt.  4c..  Tatrn.  Car,  41).  i  jK-glU^  iln  Ctrm  mu  C  AntH.  Vc^ai 
FcUnfTouni.  Vol.  I.  p.  ]1S.;  mini  Cirri  JMrdt.  HiM.  I.  p.1.  ths  inB  pricklr-HiW"'  "*■ 
CMnt  VaLanL  Ft.  \  Chin*  Vdautil*  Auc  i  KlUABsr  Elchs,  Grr.  I  VtUnoaL  llaL 

EtigTBtmtt.    Ulll.  Ic..!.  (.lis.;  Oltr.  TnTel..  1.  Isj  N.  On  Hu.,T.  t.  SI.|  Ibi  pWa'^ 

Spec.  Char.,  Src  Leaves  ovate-oblong,  with  bristle-pointed  tootb-h'ke  Vba: 
hoaiy  beneath.  Calyx  of  the  fruit  very  large,  hemiapherical,  with  I>dc«>- 
late,  elongated,  spreading  scales.  (jSniifA.)  A  low  deciduous  tree.  Uu^ 
of  the  Ardilpetego,  and  throughout  all  Greece.  Height  20  ft.  to  SOL 
Introduced  in  1731.  Flowers  greenish  white;  May.  Acoms  lar^  bt<>*K 
with  numerous  lanceolate  scales,  very  oinamental ;  t^w  in  October. 
Varietia. 

X  Q.  ^.  2  phuiula  Hort,— Branches  drooping. 

t  Q.  .£.  3  lat^iin  Uort.  —  Leaves  rather  broader  than  those  of  th 

One  of  the  most  splendid  species  of  the  genns.  bi  British  mmeriea  it* 
not  very  common,  but  it  is  quite  hardy,  never  injured  by  frost,  and  ta»» 
may  be  imported  in  abundance  &om  the  South  of  Frances  llie  cup*  aaJ 
acorns  are  annually  exported  from  the  Levant  in  large  qnantitiea,  m  at 
in  great  demand  for  tanning,  being  said  Co  contain  more  tannin  in  ■  ^^ 
bulk  of  substance  than  any  other  vegatable.    A  tre«  of  ihia  ^Mciei  at  %^ 


Lxx.  corila'ceje  :  qvz'rcvs. 


annually  ;  which,  hoirever,  do  n 


B.  Natives  of  Xurili  America. 

The  AmericBn  oaka  bdng  generally  propagated  in  Europe  by  acom*  im- 
ported Trom  Amerira,  we  shall  here  give  a  comparative  view  of  the  acorn«  of 
lome  or  the  coininon  kinda.     Pig.  1566.  represents  acorns  of  the  natural  size, 


of  all  ihe  kinds  that  were  imported  by  Mr.  Charlwood  of  London,  seedsman, 
in  the  year  1836 ;  but,  that  year  being  unfavourable  for  tiie  ripening  of  acorns 
io  Aitierica,  fewer  sorts  were  imported  than  usual,  and  the  nuts  of  these  few 
are  under  the  average  size.  In  this  figure,  a  is  the  acorn  of  Qucrcus  Alba  ; 
b,  that  of  U-  macroctirpa,  with  the  cup  on  ;  c,  that  of  U.  obtusiloba ;  d,  Q. 
iVious  tomentosa  i  e,  Q.  P.  numila  i  /,  Q.  tinctoria ;  g,  Q.  nigra ;  h,  Q. 
iliellos  (  and  i,  Q.  palustrjs.    Most  sorts  of  the  American  oak  in  Messrs.  Lod- 


862  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

diges's  collection  (the  most  complete  in  Europe,  unless  we  except  that  of  M. 
Vilroorin,)  are  propagated  by  grafting  on  the  common  oak,  close  to  the 
ground  ;  and  largely  earthing  up  the  grafts  afterwards,  so  as  to  lea?e  only  the 
points  of  the  acions  exposed  to  the  air.  This  earthing  up  not  only  preserref 
a  uniform  degree  of  moisture  round  the  graft ;  but  the  earth  employed  bdag 
taken  from  the  adjoining  surface,  and  consequently  having  been  heated  by  the 
sun,  produces  an  immediate  increase  of  temperature  round  the  graft,  which 
gives  an  impulse  to  the  rising  sap,  and  so  accelerates  vegetation.  We  had  the 
advantage,  in  August,  1840,  of  examining  all  the  American  oaks  in  the  Boii 
de  Boulogne,  in  company  with  M.  Michaux,  who  sowed  the  acorns  in  1822 ; 
and  we  there  observed,  as  we  had  previously  done  in  the  Hackney  Arboretiuoi, 
that  much  the  most  rapid,  vigorous,  and  erect  growing  species  was  Q.  p»> 
lustris  ;  next  Q.  cocclnea,  which  resembles  Q.  palustris,  but  with  leaves  od  a 
lar;^er  scale ;  then  Q.  rikbra  ;  and,  next  to  that  species,  Q.  nigra  and  Q.  tin& 
tdna.  Q.  41ba  is  not  in  the  Bois  de  Boulogne,  the  acorns,  as  If.  Michaox 
informed  us,  rarely  retaining  their  vitality  auring  the  time  requisite  20  yein 
ago  to  bring  them  to  Europe. 

§  iii.  A'lba,     White  American  Oaks* 

Sect  Char,  Leaves  lobed,  and  sinuated,  not  mucronated;  broadest  it  the 
upper  extremity  ;  dying  off  more  or  less  shaded  with  a  violet  colour,  fiaii 
white,  or  whitish  brown,  cracking  and  scaling  off  in  thin  laminae.  Fmcdfr 
cation  annual.     Cups  imbricate  or  echinate.    Nut  oblong,  generally  laige. 

S  6.  Q,  a'lba  Lin,    The  American  white  Oak. 

IdentfJIcation.    Lin.  Sp.  PL,  1414. ;  Pursh,  toI.  2.  p.  6SS. ;  Mfcbx.  Quer.,  No.  4.  t.  6w 
Sifnonyme$.    Q.  Uba  Tirginiina  Park.  TheM.  Bot.  i  Q.  a.  piDnatifida  Wait.  CaroL  p.  S90.  Ka  NL; 

Q.  paltSttris  Martk.  p.  isa  No.  8. ;  Chtoe  blanc  de  TAmirlque,  Fr, ;  weiue  Eiche,  Ger. 
Engravingt.    Cat.  Carol.,  1. 1. 21.  f.  8. ;  Mlchx.  N.  Amer.  Syl.,  toI.  1. 1. 1. ;  Uw  plate  of  thUtntii 

Arb.  Brit.,  Ist  edit,  vol.  t11.  ;  and  oar  fig.  1569. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  Leaves  oblong,  pinnatifidly  serrated ;  pubescent  ondemadi: 
lobes  linear-lanceolate,  obtuse,  entire,  attenuated  at  tne  base.  Fruit  pedna* 
culated.  Calyx  somewhat  cup-shaped,  warty,  and  flattened  at  tbehMt. 
Acorn  oval.  (Willd,)  A  large  deciduous  tree.  North  America.  Hccht 
60  ft.  or  upwards.    Introduc^  in  1724.    Flowers  greenish  white ;  ApdL 

VarieHet,  The  elder  Michaux  gives  the  tvjo  following  forms  of  this  spedei, 
the  leaves  of  both  of  which  are  shown  m/Jg.  1567.  copied  from  Miduox^ 
Hittoire  des  ChSnet  AfnSriques :  — 

¥  Q.  a.  1  pinnatifida  Michx.  (Hist  des 
Chenes  Amer.,  t.  5.  f.  1. ;  and  our  Jig, 
1567.  a.)  Q.  dlba  Ban.  Cat,  SiirjK 
Virg, ;  Q,  virginiana  Cateth,  Carol,  L 
p.  21.  t.  21.;  Q.  a.  palustris  Manh, 
p.  120.  No.  3.  — The  usual  form  of 

the  species,  and  com- 
.^  mon  from  Canada  to 
Florida.  Fig,  1568. 
is  a  sprig  and  acorn 
■^  of  Q,,  &lba  pinnati- 
fida, taken  from  Mi- 
chaux's  North  Ameri- 
can SylvOf  vol.i.  1. 1. 1 
and  the  acorn  without 
its  calyx  is  shown  in 

WG7.    e.a.pfaiui{fliU.         Jig,   1566.  at  <2.  140.    «.. 

S  Q.  a.  2  repdnda  Michx.  (Hist  des  Chines,  t  5.  f.  2.;  and  our  ^. 
1567.  b,  —  Found  wild  in  the  forests  of  Carolina,  and  aometimes  oc- 
curring in  aeed-beds  of  Q.  &lba  in  Europe.  J^.  1569.  is  from  a  iprv 


LZX.    CORYLA^CEf  :    QU£'llCU& 


apparently  of  this  Tariety,  grown  in  the  Horticultural  Society's 
Garden,  under  the  name  of  Q.  Alba.  Id  Messrs.  Lodiliges's  arbi*- 
retum  b  an  oak  named  Q.  Bquamosa,  from  a  specimen  of  which  6g. 
1570.  wai  taken.     This  tree,  which  is  80  ft.  high,  has  exactly  the 


appearance,  bark,  and  habit  of  growth  of  Q,  ilba,  and  as  it  onl^ 
dtnere  from  it  in  the  shjqie  of  the  leaves,  it  is  doubtless  oidy  avari* 
ation  of  this  variety. 
The  American  white  oak,  according  to  Micbaux,  bears  most  resemblance  to 
Q.  peduncul^ta.  The leoTca,  he  saja,  are  regutariy  and  obliquely  divided  into 
oMong  rounded  lobes,  destitute  of  points  or  bristles ;  and  the  indeDlaiions  are 
tbe  deepest  in  the  most  humid  HOila.  Soon  after  their  unfolding,  the  leaves 
■re  reddish  above,  and  white  and  dovmy  beneath  ;  when  fully  grown,  they  are 
•mootb,  and  of  a  light  green  on  the  upper  surftce,  and  glaueoUH  underneath. 
In  the  autumn  they  change  to  a  bright  violet  colour.  Hichaui  adds  that  this 
is  tbe  only  American  oak  that  retiuns  some  of  its  withered  leaves  till  spring. 
The  acorns  are  large,  oval,  and  very  sweet ;  and  they  are  contained  in  rough, 
■hallow,  greyish  cuds.  They  are  borne  sin^y,  or  in  pairs,  on  lorn;  peduncles, 
attached,  as  in  all  tne  (pecies  with  annual  fructification,  to  the  shoots  of  the 
season.  The  bark  of  this  species  is  white  (whence  the  name)  and  scaly ; 
and  on  youne  trees  it  appears  divided  into  squares,  but  on  old  trees  into 
plates  laterally  attached.  The  wood  is  reddish,  somewhat  resembliiig  that  of 
tb«  Britbh  oid:,  but  lighter,  and  len  compact.    The  rate  of  growth  of  thi* 


864 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM.  BRITANNICUM. 


Michx.  Art)., S.  p.8S. ;  K.  Amer.  Syl.,  1.  p. 32. ;  Pureh  Fl.  Amer.  S«pC.lpL6l2. 
ifST-cup  Oak,  Jmer. 
ngravtngs,    Biichs.  Arb.,  S.  t.  2.;  N.  Amer.  Syl.,  1. 1.  3. ;  and  our  Jig.  1571. 


tree,  in  British  gardens,  even  where  the  soil  is  good  And  the  situation  ahd- 
tered,  may  be  considered  as  slower  than  that  of  the  common  oak  ;  but  when 
grafted  on  the  common  oak  it  grows  freely,  and  ripens  its  shoots,  so  as  sooo 
to  form  a  handsome  tree. 

¥  9.  Q.  (a.)  OLiYJEFO^RM is  Mtckx.    The  Olive-shape^/rud^  JmerioaM 

Oak. 

Identifieaiion, 

Synon$/me.    The  motsj-cup  Oi 

Engrtwii 

Spec.  Char.f  ^c.  Leaves  oblong,  smooth  ;  glau- 
cous beneath ;  deeply  and  unequally  pin- 
natifid.  Fruit  elliptic-ovate,  on  short 
footstalks.  Calyx  cup-shaped,  fringed,  and 
nearly  covering  the  acorn.  {Michx.)  A 
deciduous  tree  on  the  Hudson,  and  in 
Genesee,  but  rare  Height  60  ft.  to  70 ft.; 
and,  according  to  Michaux,  with  a  spreading 
head,  and  an  imposing  aspect.  Introduced 
1811. 

The  bark  is  white  and  laminated  ;  but  the 
tree  is  chiefly  remarkable  for  the  form  and 
disposition  of  its  secondary  branches,  which 
are  slender  and  flexible,  and  always  inclined 
towards  the  earth.  The  leaves  are  of  a  light 
green  above,  and  whitish  beneath :  they  re- 
semble those  of  the  white  oak  in  colour,  but 
differ  from  them  in  form ;  being  larger,  and 
very  deeply  and  irregularly  laciniated,  with 
rounded  lobes,  so  different  in  shape,  that  it  is 
impossible  to  find  two  leaves  that  are  alike. 
In  all  probability  only  a  variety  of  Q.  ^ba. 


1571.    «.(MaHw 


'F  10.  Q.  MACROCA^RPA  WUld.    The  large-fruited  American  Oak. 

Identification.    Wllld.  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  438. ;  Pursh,  2.  p.  682. :  Hichx.  Qaer.,  Ko.  t. 

Synonifmet.    The  oTer-cup  Hrhite  Oak,  Bur  Oak,  Amer. ;  Chtoe  i  gros  Glandi,  Chtae  frW,  rr.  i 

grots-fVuchtipe  Elche*  Ger. 
Engravings.    Mlchx.  Quer.,  No.  2.  t.  2,  8. ;  N.  Amer.  Syl.,  1.  t.  4. ;  the  plate  of  thb  tne  h  An- 

Brit.,  1st  edit.,  toL  riii. ;  and  our  Jig.  1572. 

S^eC'  Char.,  S^c,  Leaves  downy 
beneath,  lyrate,  deeply  and  sinu- 
ately  lobed  ;  the  lobes  obtuse  and 
spreading,  and  the  upper  one 
much  dilated.  The  calyx  deep, 
cup-shaped,  scaly,  and  fringed 
with  bristles.  Acorns  thick  and 
ovate.  (WiUd,)  A  beautiful  de- 
ciduous tree,  laden  with  dark 
tufted  foliage.  Kentucky  and 
Tennessee.  Height  60  ft;.  *  Intro- 
duced in  1800. 

The  leaves  are  larger  than  those 
of  any  other  American  oak,  being  fre- 
quently 15  in.  long,  and  8  in.  broad : 
they  are  notched  near  the  summit, 
and  deeply  laciniated  below.  The 
acorns  (Jig,  1566. 6),  which  are  also 
larger  than  those  of  any  other  American  species,  are  oval ;  and  enclosed  for  two 
thirds  of  their  length  in  a  thick  rugged  cup,  which  is  generally  bordered  wliaag 


l&7t.    Q.  nucrocirp*. 


Lxx.  cortla'cejb:  quk  rcus.  865 

it>  upper  edse  wttls  fioe,  loog,  flexible  GlamenU.    Tbe  baA  of  the  jomig 
'      '  ~''      avered  with  a  yellowiab  cofkj  substance,  like  that 


is  of  elm. 


hich  is  found  on  the  liquidambar  and  some  kinds  oi 

I  11,  Q.  OBTusi'wBA  JlfioLr.     The  blunt-lobed-fcat-n^  or  Foil,  Oak. 
MKhi.  QiKF.,  No.  1. 1. 1. 1  Punh.  1.  s.  63!. ;  mttii.  Arb.  Am.,  i.  p.  36. 
.  lulltti  ft-Ok.  Sp.  PL  4.  p.  ti% ,  froT,  UiK,  fioi  white  Otk.  AmeHaa  Turkey 

£|UT«^I.    Mlchl.  Quor.,  No.  1.  t.  1.;  N.  Amgr.   Sjl.,  1.  t.  9.;  Ihe  pliln  of  tliii  tna  In  Art. 
Brit.,  Itt.  vdil.p  VOL  vlL^  and  QUI  Jt.  1578. 

iS^wc.  CAor.,  c$'f.     LesTea  oUong,  slightly  pubescent  beneath,  sharply  wedge- 
shaped  at  tbe  base  :  lobes  obtuse,  the  lower  oues  deeply  sioueted,  and  the 
upper  ones  dikited,  and  slightlv 
bilobed.      Calyx   hemLspberical. 
Fruit   oval,  and    rather    small 
(Miclix.)  A  deciduous  tree.  New 
Jersey  and  Philadelphia.   H^bt 
40  ft.,  with   a   trunk  not  more 
than    15  in.   in    diameter.      In- 
troduced in  ]8]9. 
Tbe  branches  are  bent  into  el- 
bows at   certain  distances,  which 

renders  the  tree  eaaily  diatioguish- 

able,  even  wben  tbe  leaves   have 

fallen.    The  berk  is  tMn,  and  of  a 

greyish   white.      The    leaves   are 

coriaceous,  and  of  a  dusky  green 

above,  and  gr^^h  beneath.      In 

tint,   but  never  that  purplish  red  ii,j.  g,  cuitfoti. 

which  is  observable  in  those  of  the 

scarlet  oak.     The  acorns  (^.  1566.  c),  which  are  produced  in   abundance, 

ore  small,  oral,  and  three  parts  covered  with  a  slightly  rugged  greyish  cup. 

t  IS.  Q.  ltra'ta   WaU.     Tbe  lyrate,  or  cwrwnip.  Oak. 


AnHnarivi.    SniBp  ran  Oak.  Witer  whlu  Oik,  Abut. 
SmtntitKi.    MIchx.  Quw..  No.  J.  t.  *. ;  •ud  aaxflt'.  1«<.  "■*  16J8. 

Spec.  Char.,  4'c.  Leaves  subsessile,  glabrous,  lyrately  sinuated ;  much  con- 
tracted in  the  middle,  but  dilated  at  the  summit,  and  attenuated  at  the 
ba«e :  lobes  angular ;  the  upper  part  of  die  leaf  divided  into  three  lobes, 
which  are  tricuspid^  at  ttieir  estmnities.  Calyx  globula'-,  rough,  and 
ahnool  covering  the  acorn.  (Mcir.)  A  large  deciduous  tree,  Carolina 
and  other  southern  states.  Hdriit  50  ft.  to 
SO  ft.     Introd.  1786. 

Hie  leaves  are  from  6  in.  to  8  in.  long, 

smooth,  narrow,  lyre-shaped,  deeply  ainuated, 

and  home  on  short  , 

petioles.  Thelobes, 

especially  the  upper  ' 

ones,  are  somewaat 

truncated.^   The  fo- 

k  liige  is  thick,   and 

I  of  a  light  agreeable 

P  tint  i  and  the  berk 

'  b  white.  The  acorns 

are   broad,    round, 

and  depressed ;  end 

the  cups,  which  are 

ttn.  «.iitui.  nearly  closed  over  m»-  «.>mb- 


ARBORETUM   ET  FRITTICETUH  BRITANNICUH. 


or  bnatle^     The  largest  American  oak  that  thrivn  in  iret  ground.  I 

j  iv.  Prinus.     Cheibtut  Oafu. 

Sect.  Chttr.,^c.  Leavesdentate,  dying  off  of  a  dirU  white  or  of  K;dhnni 
orange.  Bark  white,  rough,  and  sraly.  Fructification  aonuol.  Cup  b 
bricaie.    Nut  oblong,  genoally  large. 

I  13.  Q.  Pbi'mus  L.     The  Prinm,  or  Chalntd-iemed,  Oak. 
Lin.  Sp.  Fl.,  1411. ;  N.  Da  I 


Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  oblong-oval,  more  or  less  pointed,  nearlv  eamBj 
toothed.  Cup  Homewhat  acsJy;  nut  ovate.  (Mic/ur.)  Trees  dedduoaii 
varying  in  height  from  SO  ft.  to  90  ft. ;  and  one  of  the  varieties  a  low  sbmb. 
In  the  climate  of  London  the  trees  grow  ireely,  and  promise  to  attain  a  out- 
siderable  siie.  In  general  form,  they  are  as  handsome  as  any  of  the  Ame- 
rican oaks ;  but  their  foliage  dies  off  with  very  little  colour,  wlitt  there  is 
bong  generally  of  a  dirty  wnite  or  brownish. 

I^arietiei.  These  are  by  some  authon  treated  as  species;  bat  they  are  u 
obviously  alike  in  thdr  leaves  and  barii  from  their  infancy  upwuds,  tbt 
there   does  not   remdn  a  siugle  doubt  in  our  minds  of  their  baag  oolj 

I  0.  P.  1  palitlrit  Michi.  Quer.  Ko.  6.  t.  6.     Q.  P.  palfistris  Jftt. 
N.  Amer,  Sal.   i.  p.  46.  L  8.  (the  plate  of  this  tree  in  Art.  Brit, 
Istedit.,  vol.  viii.;  and  our  ;%.  1570.);  Q.  Prinus  i.  ^.  ft  Uli; 
Q.   castanexfaliis,   &c.,   Pluli.   Abu.   309.  ;    the    Swamp   CheKnot 
Oak  ;  the  Chestnut  white  Oak  :  and.  near  Philadelphia,  the  white 
Oak.  —  Leaves  on  longiah  footstalks,  obovate.     Fruit  very  Iir^ 
Cup  moderately  hollow,  diatinctly  scaly  (A.  Michx,')     A  large  ifco- 
duouB  tree.     Maritime  parts  of  Carohna  and  other  southern  sUtc 
Height  SO  ft.  to  90  ft     Introd.  1730,     The  leaves  of  Q.  P.  paluarii 
are  of   a    shining    green 
above,   and    whitish    and 
somewhat    wrinkled    un- 
derneath ;   they  have  la- 
dier  long  footstallcs  ;  and 
are   from   8  in.    to    din. ^ 
long,   and   from   4  in.   to  i 
5  in.  broad;  obovate,  and 
]   an  acute 


point.  They  are  some- 
what wedge^haped,  and 
ore  deeply  deiitated  with 
blunt  lobe-like  teeth  from 
the  summit  to  the   base. 

The  acorns  are  of  a  bright  ^^^^      ^  p^.,^ 

clear    brown,    oval,    and 

larger  than  those  of  any  other  kind  of  American  oak,  except  Q.  imcnl- 
carpa :  they  are  borne  on  very  short  peduncles,  and  are  cootjind 


J...  - .   -J-.  1.  p.  4 ,    — 

Wiild.  ^.  PI.  iv.  p.  440. ;  Q.  Prinus  Switk  in  Abb.  Im.  of  Gar.  n. 
p.  163.  t.82.;  the  Rock  Chestnut  Oak.— Leaves  on  short  liiot- 
stalks,  rhomboid-oval.  Fruit  rather  large;  cup  top-shs£ed  um 
rough  1  nut  oblong.  (Midue.)  A  large  deciduous  tree.  Fenirnl- 
vania  to  Virginia.  Height  50  ft.  to  60  ft  Introd.  1800.  Thebeuuiiil 
appearance  of  this  tree,  according  to  the  youngo'  Mifhan^  'ii^ 


LZZ.   CORYLA^CE£:   CUE'RCUS.  097 

gnnring  in  a  fertile  boS,  n 
owinft  Muallj  to  the  sym- 
metry of  its  form  Bnd  the 
luxuriance  of  its  folii^.  The 
bvk  on  old  trees  is  hard, 
thick,  and  deeply  fiirroweil ; 
and  Ute  outer  tuHc  is  equally 
good  for  tanning  as  the  inner 
bark.  The  leavea  are  5  or  ■• 
6  inches  long,  and  3  or  4 
inches  broad;  othI;  and  uni* 
fonnly  dentate  with  the  teeth 
more  regular,  but  less  acute, 
than  those  of  Q.  P.  palustris ; 
the    leaf   terminating    in    a 

point.     When   beginning  to  iki.  i^AmuinU. 

unfold  in  spring,  the  leaves 

are  covered  with  a  thick  white  down,  and  they  ^pcar  somewhat 
wrinkled  i  but,  when  fully  expanded,  they  are  perfectly  glabrous, 
■mootb,  and  of  a  delicate  texture.  The  petiole,  which  is  rather 
ibort,  is  yellow,  and  the  colour  becomes  brighter  and  more  con- 
spicuous m  autumn.  The  acorns  are  long,  of  an  oblong-oval  shape : 
tney  are  produced  in  pairs,  on  a  short  peduncle,  and  ere  envelofied 
for  about  one  third  of  their  length  in  pear-shaped  cups,  covered  with 

T  Q.  P.  3  acumnala  Michx.  Quer.  No. 

5.  t.  S.     (our    J!g.  1578.)    Q.    P. 

acuminata  Midix.Jil.  N.  Amer.  Svl. 

i.  p.  51.  1. 10.1  0.-  C^tinea  WW. 

Sp.  PI.  iv.  p.  441. :  the  yellow  Oak. 

—  Leaves  on  long  fbotstalks ;  obtuse 

at  the  base,  sharply  serrated.     Fruit 

of  modemte  siie;   cup  hemispheri- 
cal. (JUifAr.)  Afastigwte  deciduous 

tree.     Delaware   to  the   Savannah. 

Height  70  ft.  to  soft.    Introduced 

m  1622.    The  berk  is  whitish,  very 

slightly    furrowed,    and    sometimes 

divided  into  plates.     The  leaves  are 

lanceolate,  obtuse  at  the  base,  and 

ending  in  a  sharp  point,  regularly  ugg.  ^  ?.  ■nunnitii. 

toothed,  of  B  light  green  above,  and 

whitish  beneath.     The  acorns  are  small,  roundish-ovntc,  and  con- 
tained in  shallow  slightly  scaly  cups, 
?  Q.  P.  4  puBiiii    Michx.  Quer.   No.5.  t.9.  f.  I. 

Q.  P.  CAfn^uoptn  Michx.  N.  Amer.  Syl.  i.  p.  ' 

M.  t.11.    (our  J^.  1579.);    Q.   Chbifiaptti  \ 

Pursh  Fl.   Amer.   Sept.  ii.   p.  634.  ;   Q.  pn- 

ndides   WUld.  ^.  PI.  iv.  p.  440.  ;   the   Chin- 
quapin, or   Dwarf  Chestnut,  Oat. —  Leaves  1 

on   shortish   petioles ;   somewhat  lanceolate  ;  ^ 

glaucous  beneath.  (Jlfic^.)   A  low  deciduous 

tree.     Northern  and  middle  states.     Height 

20  ft.  to  3011.      Introd.   1828.      The  leaves 

are  oral-acuminate,  regularly,  but  not  deeply, 

dentated,  of  a  light  green  above,  and  whitish 

beneath.      The  acoma  {fig.  1566.  e)  ore  en- 
closed,  for  about  one  third  of  their  length,  in 

scaly  sessile  cups    they  are  of  the  middle  siM^       un.  «.  r.  itut^ 

3k  e 


868  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANKICUM. 

somewhat  elongated,  similarly  rounded  at  both  ends,  and  Y&ry  sweet. 
Highly  ornamental  when  in  full  bloom,  and  most  prolific  in  acorns 
even  when  only  3  or  4  feet  high. 
'^  Q.  P.  5  tomentita  Michx.  Quer.  No.  5.  t.  9  f.  2.  Q.  P.  discolor 
Michx.  N,  Amer.  SyLl  p.  43.  t7.  (our  ^.1580.);  0.  bicolor 
WiUd.  Sp.  PI.  iv.  p.  440.;  Q.  Sfichauxi  Nutt. ;  the  Swamp  white 
Oak.  —  Leaves  almost  sessile,  obtusely  oval,  bluntly  toothed ;  downj 
beneath.  (ilftcAx.)  A  large  deciduous  tree.  United  States  gene- 
rally. Height  60  ft.  to  70  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1800.  The  leaves  are 
from  6  in.  to  8  in.  long,  and  4  in. 
broad  ;  entire  towards  the  base, 
which  is  attenuated  and  wedge- 
shaped  ;  but  dilated  and  coarsely 
toothed  for  two  thirds  of  their 
length.  The  tree  is  distinguished, 
when  full  grown,  by  the  remarkable 
appearance  of  its  leaves ;  which  are 
on  the  under  side  silky  and  of  a 
silvery  whiteness,  while  the  upper 
side  is  smooth  and  of  a  bright 
green.  The  acorns  (Jig,  1566.  d)  are 
long,  of  a  clear  chestnut  brown,  and 
contained  in  rather  shallow  scaly 
cups,  edged  with  short  slender  fila-  u^,  q,  p.  ^ 

ments.  These  cups  are  more  downy 

withiu  thun  those  of  any  other  oak ;  and  th^  are  borne  in  pain,  oo 
peduncles  of  from  I  in.  to  2  in.  in  length.  The  bark  is  scaly,  as  in 
all  the  preceding  varieties,  and  of  a  greenish  white. 

§  V,  Rubrce.     Red  American  Oaks. 

Sect.  Char.  Leaves  deeply  lobed,  sinuated,  multifid,  and  mucronateJ.  Bark 
dark,  and  not  scaling  off.  Fructification  biennial.  Nut  ovate,  with  a  per- 
sistent style.  Cup  imbricate,  large  in  proportion  to  the  nut.  — Trees,  varjing 
from  80  or  90  feet  to  15  or  20  feet  in  height ;  remarkable  for  the  bnght 
red,  deep  scarlet,  or  dark  purple,  of  their  foliase,  when  it  dies  off  in  automn. 
Perhaps  most  of  the  kinds  in  this  section  might  be  reduced  to  two  or  three 
species ;  but,  as  they  come  up  tolerably  true  from  seed,  we  have,  for  the 
cultivator,  considered  it  more  convenient  to  treat  them  as  distinct.  Hie 
hardiest  and  most  rapid-growing,  and  at  the  same  time  the  most  elegant  and 
ornamental,  tree  of  the  section  is  Q.  paKistris,  which,  with  its  spreadiif 
drooping  branches,  and  its  straight  erect  trunk  and  spiry  top,  is,  rodepep- 
dentfy  of  its  lively  scarlet,  orange,  and  red  colours  in  spring  and  autumo,  ia 
our  opinion  the  most  graceful  of  all  oaks,  either  European  or  American. 

^  14.  Q.  Ru^BRA  L.    The  red,  or  Champion,  Oak. 

Idfnt^flcaUon.    Lin.  Sp.  Fl.,  141&  ;  Punh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.,  i.  p.  630. ;  MIcbx.  Qoer.,  Mo.  SQL 
SynomipHe.    Q.  E'kuu  diTburi,  Ac,  Pluk.  Pk^t.  1 64.  f.  4. 

Engravingi.    Pluk.  Fhyl,  t.  M.  f.  4. ;  Mlchx.  N.  Amer.  S7I.,  8.  t.  SB.  $  the  platei  of  this  nedlf  i> 
Arb.  Brit.,  lit  edit.,  vol.  tUL  ;       "^ 


and  outjlgt.  18SI.  and  U 

Spec.  Char.,  4*c.  Leaves  smooth,  oblong,  sinuated,  on  long  stalks :  lobes  acute, 
sharply  toothed,  bristle-pointed.  Calyx  of  the  fruit  fiat  underneath. 
Nut  ovate.  fWiUd.)  A  large  deciduous  tree.  Canada  and  the  whole  of 
the  North  of  the  United  States.  Height  80  ft.  to  90  ft.  Introduced  m 
1739.  Flowers  greenish  white;  May.  Acorns  brown,  occasionalij 
ripened  in  England  in  October. 

Varietiet.  Alton,  in  the  Hortus  Kewentu,  2d  ed.,  mentions  two  forms  of  ^ 
s|>ecies :  Q.  rubra  latifolia,  the  champion  oak,  which  is  the  ^  rubra  of 
Linnaeus ;  and  Q.  rilbra  montana,  the  mountain  red  oak. 


Lxx.  coniti.*}cEiB :  QUE'ncoa. 


Tbebarkui:oniparadTel;riDioot}i,aradark  colour,Ter]'thiek;  and,thoiigit 
in  old  trees  it  crackB,  yet  it  nerer  scales  off  aa  in  the  sectiona  AlbiE  and 
Frinua.  The  wood  is  reddish  and  coarae^rained ;  and  its  pores  are  often  so 
large  aa  to  admit  the  entrance  of  a  hair.  The  leavea,  when  they  first  come 
out  in  spring,  are  of  a  fine  sulphur  colour ;  when  fully  expanded,  they  are 
smooth  and  shining  on  both  sides,  large,  deeply  Esciniated,  and  sometimes 
■lightly  rounded  at  the  base,  especially  on  old  trees ;  and,  before  they  fall,  they 
turn  of  a  deep  purplish  red.  According  to  the  younger  Michaui,  the  leavea 
on  old  trees  often  nearly  resemble  those  of  Q.  falcita.  The  leaves  of  Q. 
blcAla  are,  however,  always  downy  beneath ;  while  those  of  Q.  ribra  are 
smooth.  The  leaves  of  Q.  rubra  die  off  of  a  more  purplish  red  than  those  of 
most  of  the  other  kinds  in  this  section ;  but  they  often  become  yellow  before 
they  faU.  Thej'  vary  much  in  shape,  from  the  age  of  the  plant,  or  the  soil  and 
ntoation  in  which  it  has  grown.  Fig.  1581.,  copied  from  the  elder  Michaui's 
Hitlcire  dtt  Chenei,  shows  the  leaves  of  a  seedling  a  year  old  ;  fig.  1582.,  from 
the  same  work,  those  of  a  tree  bearing  acorns. 

X   15.  Q.  cocci'nea  Waid.     llie  scarlet  Oak. 
Hem^amm.    WDU.  ap.  Ft.,  4.  ue.  j  tUchx.  F1.  Bor.  Amer,.  9.  p.  IH.  i  Punh  Fl.  Am>r.  Sept.  9. 

Sfmm^fml.    0.  'Hint  dU.  (d.  1.3  p.  »SI. 

Smrrarnai.    Wide.  Font.,  1.9.  i  HIcbT.  Qiur.,  I.  31,39. :  H.  Amer.  9tI..I.  t.  U.;  Ui  plUs  of 
thli  tna  In  Arb.  firit.,  IK  «il[^  to).  <UL  i  ud  ourj^.  UO.  mi  1H4. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  smooth,  oblong,  deeply   and  widely  sinuated,  on 

long  stalks  :  lobes  divaricated,  acute,  sharply  toothed,  brietle-pointed.  Calyx 

of  the  fruit  turbinate,  half  as  long  as  the  nut.  (  WiUdi)     A  large  deciduous 

tree.     Pennsylvania  to  Georgia.      IIclghteOfL  Introduced  in  1691. 

The  leaves,  which  are  chiefly  distinguished  from   those  of   Q.  rftbra  by 

having  longer  petioles,  arc  of  a  beautiful  green,  shining  on  both  sides ;  and, 

on  old  trees,  laciniated  in  a  very  remarkable  manner,  having;  usually  four  de^ 

sinuses  on  each  side,  very  broad  at  bollom.     The  leaves  begin  to  change  witn 

the  first  cold  ;  and,  after  several  sucessive  frosts,  turn  lo  a  brilliant  scarlet, 

instead  of  the  dull  red  of  those  of  Q.  rubra.     These  leaves  differ  very  greatly 

in  shape  at  different  stages  in  the  growth  of  the  tree.     When  quite  young, 

they  are  scarcely  lobed  at  alt,  as  may  be  seen  by^.  1583.,  which  is  taken 

from  Michaui's  Huloire  dei  Chines,  and  represents  a  seedling  a  year  old ;  and 

Jig.  1581-.,  a  tpHg  and  acom  from  an  old  tree,  copied  from  Michaux.     Amidst 

all  the  varieties,  however,  in  the  shape  of  the  leaf  of  the  scarlet  oak,  it  raa^ 

alwaya  be  distingui^ed  from  that  of  Q.  rubra  by  the  different  hue  which  it 

assume*  in  autumn ;  the  colour  of  Q.  cocclnea  being  always  a  bright  scarlet, 

or  yellowi^  red,  of  more  or  less  intensity ;  and  that  of  Q.  rubra  a  didl 

3k  S 


ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETUH  BRITANHICUU. 


crimsun.  or  pur|iligb  red.     The  leaf  also  bears  a  greater  resemblance  to  ibit 
of  y.  palustris  than  any  other  species. 

*  16.  Q.  AHBi'ouA  Willd.     The  ambiguoiu,  or  grey.  Oak. 

Ignl/ficattim.    MIcbi.  Nonh  Amer.  BtI..  1.  ^N.:  Punh  Scpt.l.  s.GHI.,natniiiBbo)du 

Anioirme.     Q.  bontlli  Uldu.  H.  Amrr.  SgL  1.  p.  St. 

&trntv:    Miclii.  Arb..  L  M. :  N.  ADsr,  S/C.  1. 1.  IS. ;  t)i«  plala  or  thU  l»c  111  Arb.  BriL,  U 

o3lL.  .^  T)IL ,  ud  our  /g.  ISiS. 
Spec.  Char.,  Ifc.     Leaven  sinuatcd,  gliU)rous,  acute  at  the  baie ;  Binuies  mou- 

wbat  acute.     Cup  aomcwhat  shiem-Bhapcd.   Nut  round iab-ovate.  (iSikt.) 

A  large  deciduous  tree.      Nova  Scoliu  Co  Lake  Champlaia.      Height  Mft. 

to  60  (t.     Introduced  in  1800. 

This  species  bears  a  close  analogy  to 
the  red  oak  in  its  foliage,  and  to  the 
scarlet  oak  in  i(9  fruit.  It  has  also  another 
peculiaiity  in  blossomingeveryyear, though 
It  takes  tuo,  three,  and  in  very  cold 
climates  four,  yean  to  mature  its  fruit. 
The  leaves  are  large,  smooth,  and  deeply 
^uated ;  Che  indentations  being  sharper  < 
and  more  angular  Chan  those  of  the  leaves  of 
Q..  coccIn<;a.  The  auorns  arc  of  the  middle 
size,  rounded  at  the  end,  and  contained  in 
scaly  tiip-bhaped  cups.  The  grey  oak  is 
found  fiirtiicr  north  than  any  other  Ame- 
rican species,  and  it  therefore  would  seem  ""'  •■■°"'~' 
to  be  the  best  adapted  for  being  cultivated  in  Britain  as  a  useful  tree.  Tbevtud 
is  as  coarse  and  open  in  its  pores  as  that  of  the  red  oak ;  but  it  is  EtraogH' 
and  more  dtmible. 

X  IT.  Q.  PAI.CAVA  itficftx.     The  Sickle-shaped,  or  Spaaiili,  Oak. 

Jilmlificttiai.    MIcbi.  Quer.No.  K.;  Purih  F1.  Amer.  SipL.  1. p.  G91. 

SynaRuma.     Q.  dliEotor  Ail.  Hart.  Kra.  n).  ].   3.  p.  3H.  i  Q,  rJODltLU  IFiCM.  Ski.  n.  4.  P-"*;- 
Q.  lirtU  LoM.   Col.  isse :  a  cnnetu  Wirmr. ;  S.  inLota  IVilU.,  Mldu.  Itmtr.  It.  No.K  •  ^ 

SnfTorinei.aiitx.  Qw.,  t.3S.i  N.  Amor.  8^1.,  I.t  a.!  ud  our.j^.  IMS.  mil  IW. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^e.     Leaves  downy  beneath,  sinuated  with  three  or  more  aone- 
what  falcate  bristle^oiuted  lobes;  the  terminal  one  elongated  and  jigged. 
Calyx  hemispherical.  (Willd.)    A  large  deciduous  tree.  Cmiada  to  Georg«. 
Height  30  ft.  to  80  ft.    Introduced  in  1763. 
This  oak  is  a  very  remarkable  one,  from  the  great  diBerence  which  eiids  ■» 


LXX.    CORTLACES:    QUE'BCUS.  87J 

its  leaves  and  gensral  ^pearance  in  different  climBtM.  Thiis  difference  i«  to 
extraordiaar/,  that  nearly  all  the  botanists  who  have  written  on  the  Americao 
oaks  hare  supposed  it  to  be  two  spedes.  In  the  Southern  States,  it  fcHnu 
a  noble  tree,  80  ft.  high,  with  a  tniuk  4  or  5  feet  in  diameter ;  while  in  New 
Jersey  the  tree  is  never  above  30  ft.  high,  with  a  trunk  only  4  or  5  inches 
thick.  The  bark  is  thick,  black,  and  deeply  furrowed ;  and  the  wood  is  reddish 
and  coarse-grained,  with  open  pores,  like  that  of  the  red  oak.  The  leaves  are 
also  extremely  different;  on  the  trees  in 
the  south,  tbey  are  falcate,  like  those  in  j^. 
1586.,  copied  from  the  plate  of  this  tree 
in  the  North  American  Sylva,  i.  t.  33. ;  in 


New  Jersey,  the  leaves  are  three-bbed  (like  those  shown  in  jSg.  1587  6 
from  the  Hiilmre  dei  ChSmi),  except  a  few  on  the  summit,  which  are 
■lightly  falcated.  Generally  the  lower  branches  of  all  trees  of  this  spedea, 
growing  in  moist  and  shaded  situations,  have  their  leaves  trilobed  ;  while 
those  on  the  upper  branches  are  falcated,  with  Ihwr  lobe.i  even  more  arched 
than  those  in  fig.  1586.  This  remarkable  difierence  led  the  elder  Michaux 
to  describe  the  specimens  which  he  had  found  growing  in  very  cold  bad  land 
as  Q.  triloba ;  and  on  the  young  shoots  of  these  specimens  he  frequently  found 
leaves  deeply  denticulated  or  iobed,  like  those  of  Q.  nibra  or  Q.  cocclnea  as 
represented  at  a  in  fig.  1587.  The  acorns  are  small,  round,  brown,  and 
contained  in  slightly  scaly,  shallow,  top-shaped  cups,  supported  on  short 
peduncles  :  they  resemble  those  of  Q,  Banfsieri,  and,  like  them,  preserve  the 
power  of  germination  lor  a  long  time. 


•grss 


I  18.  Q.  tincto'bia  Wiltd.     The  Quercitron,  or  Dyer's,  Oak. 

,  virgl'ntJ 


WnM.  Sp.  PI,  ^,  p.  M4. :  Pncih  Fl.  Amot.  Sepl.,  3.  p.  6JS. 


.    kldix.  Quit.,  t. ».  1  tha  pliu  of  Ub 


l^jec.  Char.,  Sjc.  Leaves  downy  beneath,  obovat»«blong,  dOated,  widely 
einuated  :  lobe  short,  obtuse,  slishtly  toothed,  bristle-pointed.  Calyx  of 
the  fruit  flat  underneath.  Nut  globose.  {WiM.')  A  lai^  deciduous  tree 
United  Stales  generally.     Hedght  80  ft.  to  100ft.     Introduced  in  1800. 

VarUtin.  Michaux,  in  his  Chintt  de  VAmhiqat,  gives  the  two  following  forms 
of  this  species  :  — 

I  Q. /,  I  angvldia  Michx.      Q.  americioa  Plui.  Aim.  p.  309.;  C.  vein- 

tlna  Lam.  Jtid.  ;    Q.  tinctflria  Barl.   TVbp.   p.  37.  ;  the  Champlain 

Oak,  —  Leaves  smooth,  Iobed  with  angular  lobes.     Cup  top-ahaped 

Hut  globose;    and    depressed  at   the   summit.      Shores   of  Lake 

8X4 


ARBORETUM    ET 


BRITANNICUK. 


ChtunplaJD,  to  PennsjlTaniB,  and  high  moiintaina  in  ChrDliiw  and 
Georgia, 
I  Q.  ^  2  tmiidta  Michx.   Quer.  t.  S5.— Leaves  deeply  nnuated.  Cup  itt 
and  turbinated.   Nut  ovate.   Native  or  South  Caroliit»  and  Oeo^ 
"Die  trunk  U  itreight,  and  is  covered  with  b  deeply  furroived  bark  of  mid- 
dling thickness,   but  alwa^  black,  or  of  a  very  deep  brovn  colour;  wheow 
Kbably  the  tree  derives  its  common  name  in  America,  viz.  the  black  oik. 
i  dark  hue  of  the  bark  easily  distiDguiBhes  this  tree  from  Q.  rubra,  Q.  coc- 
ctnea,  and  Q.  ambtgua,  in  the  northern  provinces  ;  but,  in  the  tioutheni  ooe^ 


Q.  bkiia  having  bark  of  the  same  colour,  Q.  tinct6ria  can  only  be  dit- 
tuguiahed  by  itsbuds,  which  are  longer,  more  acuuiinate,  and  more  saij, 
than  thoie  of  the  former  species.  The  inner  bark  of  Q.  tinctoria,  if  cbewto. 
ia  very  bitter,  and  gives  a  yellow  tinge  to  the  saliva,  which  is  not  the  case  vitb 
the  bark  of  Q.  fnlcata.  The  wood  is  reddish,  coarse-grained,  and  porm 
Uke  that  of  all  the  red  oaks.  The  leaves  are  large,  deeply  ladniated,  oi 
resemble  those  of  Q.  cocclnes,  but  they  have  fewer  lobes,  never  excndif 
lour  or  five  ;  while  the  leaves  of  the  old  trees  of  Q.  cocclnea  have  from  G<c 
to  serai:  they  are  also  less  openly  and  roundly  sinuated,  leas  shining,  and  rf» 
duller  green  ;  and,  during  a  p»rt  of  the  summer,  have  their  suriaces  roogfacDtd 
with  small  glands,  which  are  visible  to  the  eye  and  sensible  to  the  touoi,  ssd 
which  are  also  found  on  the  young  shoots.  In  autumn,  the  leaves  of  jtni; 
trees  turn  to  a  dull  red  ;  but  those  on  old  trees  become  yellow,  or  of  a  J^ 
lowish  brown,  beginning  with  the  petiole.  The  wood  is  used  as  a  substitute 
for  the  white  oak,  and  the  bark  for  taunbg,  and  for  dyeing  leather  a  bnllint 

T  19.  Q.  pald'stris  WUtd.     The  Marsh,  or  Pm,  Oak. 


UoHifiealiim.    WIIM.  S 


^- 


Pl.<.p.«fi  i  Mich..  Quiir., 
LaU.  Cat.  ed.  ISSfi  ;  Q.  Bmlil 


^)ec.  Char.,  ^.     Leaves  smooth,  oblong,  decjily 
and  widely  sinuated,  on  long  stalks  j  lohea  dis- 
tant,  parallel,   acute,   sharply  toothed,  bristlp- 
pointed;  forks  of  the  veins  densely  woolly  be- 
neath.    Calyx  of  the  fruit  flattened.   Nut  nearly 
globose,     (ivilld,)       A   large    deciduous    tree. 
Northern  States  of  North  America.     Uei^t 
80ft.     Introduced  in  1600. 
The  tree,  when   young,   assumes   an  agreeable 
pyramidal  shape;   and  its  far-extending  drooping 
branches,  and  light  and  elegant  foliage,  render  it, 
in  our  opinion,  ine  most  graceful  of  all  oaks.     The 
bark  on  the  oldest  trees  of  Q.  pdustris  is  scarcely 
erer  cracked :  on  young  trees  it  is  perfectly  smooth. 


LXX.   CORVLH^CES:   QUE'RCUS. 


The  wood  is  coane-gmned,  and  resemblea  that  of  the  red  oak.  In  the  cli- 
mate of  London,  the  tree  is  remarkably  hardy,  and  its  rate  of  growth  ia  much 
more  rapid  than  that  of  every  other  American  oak,  unless  we  except  Q.  am- 
bigua,  which  is  very  rarely  to  be  met  with.  This  may  be  rendered  obvious 
ot  a  glance,  by  inspecting  the  line  of  oaks  at  Messrs.  Loddiges's,  where  there 
are  three  trees,  marked  Q.  palljstris,  Q.  BanSsteh,  and  Q.  n:ontana,  (all  of 
which  are  the  Q.  paHistris  of  Micham,)  which  are  above  30  It.  high,  which  ia 
several  feet  higher  than  any  of  the  others,  with  the  single  exception  of  Q.  ambt- 
gua.  The  tame  result  as  already  mentioned  (p.  863.)  ii  observable  in  theBwa 
de  Boulogne.  The  leaves  are  much  smaller  than  those  ofthe  other  species  of  this 
section :  they  are  smooth,  of  a  pleasing  green,  supported  on  very  long  petioles, 
Bud,  on  old  trees,  are  very  deeply  laciniated.  On  young  trees,  they  are  much 
less  so,  as  will  be  seen  by^.  1589.,  copied  &oro  Michaui's  Huloire  de* 
Chhiet,  in  which  a  is  a  seedling  of  one  year  old,  and  h  a  leaf  from  a  tree  two 
years  old.  The  acorns  (j^.  1566.  i)  are  small,  round,  and  contwned  in 
flat  shallow  cups. 

jt  SO.  Q.  CatesbaV  Willd.    The  Baret»  Scrub,  or  Cateaby's,  Oak. 

SiHnmi  0-  •atmBJU.  aiUsmOM  Iiu.  1.  p.  H.  {  Q.  PkM  divtidn,  Ac,  Car.  Car.  1. 1. ». 
AvuiAw.    llli!hi.«o«,«.SS.so.jii«H>urAH»l'"'*lM"- 

Spee.  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  smooth,  oblong,  wedge-shaped  at  the  base,  deeply 
and  widely  sinuated,  on  short  stalks:  lobes  3  or  5,  divaricated,  acute,  2-  or 
S^eft,  briBtle-pomted.  Calyx  of  the  fruit  turbbnte,  half  as  long  as  the 
DUI.  (WiUd.)  A  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree.  Carolina  and  Oeor^a. 
H^ht  15  ft.  to  30  ft.     Introduced  in  1683. 

The  general  appearance  of  this  tree  is  stunted  :  its  trunk  is  crooked,  divid- 
ing into  branches  at  8  or  3  feet  from  the  ground,  and  covered  with  a  thick, 
blackish,  deeply  furrowed  bark  The  foliage  is  open,  and  its  leaves  are 
large,  smooth,  thick,  and  coriaceous  towards  the  close  of  summer,  demly 
and  irregularly  laciidated,  and  supported  on  short  petioles.  With  the  first 
frost,  th^  change  to  a  dtiU  ted,  and  bll  the  ensuing  month.    The  acorns  are 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTtCETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


pretty  large,  of  a  blackbh  colour,  and  partly  covered  with  a  fine  grer  diut, 
whicb  is  easily  rubbed  off  between  tbe  fingers  :  they  are  contain^  in  tliict 
cupi,  svollen  towards  the  edge,  with  the  upper  scales  bent  inwards.  TIm 
leaves  vary  very  little,  as  will  be  seen  by  Jig.  159S.,  in  which  a  temtnaaa  i 
seedtlog  of  one  year's  growth,  and  b  a  leaf  fi«m  a  plant  two  years  old. 

j  Ti.  NigrcE.     Black  American  Oaks. 

Sect.  CAor,,  $1:.  Leaves  wedge-sh^ed,  or  imperfectly  lobed  ;  mucronsted,  tnt 
the  mucros  generally  dropping  off  when  the  leaves  have  attained  their  fidi 
size.  Leaves  dying  off  of  a  blackiab  green,  and  in  America  frequently  in- 
sistent. Bark  black,  and  not  scaling  off.  Fructification  biennial.  Hitt 
ovate,  with  a  persistent  style,  and  sometime)  marked  with  dark  lines. — TltH 
from  20ft.  to  40  ft.  high;  and  one  of  Uiem,  a  miniature  tree,  often  kK 
exceeding  3  ft.  in  height.  Hate  of  growth  less  rapid  than  tn  the  precediig 
sections. 

1  21.  Q.  M'QBA  L.     The  Black  Jaii  Oak. 

MnalfllcaMia.    Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  1419.  i  Mlchi.  Qdft..  So.  II. :  Funh  Fl.  amer.  Sent.,  t.  p.  fiK 
4VHiWK(.    Q.  ii>u7l(iidlci.  Ac..  SaUs  Q.  fenatina  UleJU.  H.JmrT.SfL  i.  p.li  L».:4. 

lauitlca  Ladd.  Cat.  cd.  1836  j  Bunmi  Omk,  Amer. 
Emtnrimtl.     Mklll.  Quer.,  t.  11,  31. ;  tad  ourj^.  lias. 

i^per.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  wedge-shaped,  somewhat  beatt'shaped  at  the  btM; 

dilated,  abrupt,  and  very  slightly  3- 

lobed  at  the  end ;   the  middle  lobe 

shortest,  smooth  above,  rusty  be- 
neath.     Calyx   hemispherical,  with 

membranous  scales.     Nut  roundish 

ovate.  {Willd^     A  low  deciduous 

tree.      New  Jersey,  Maryland,  and 

Virginia.      Height  SO  ft.  to  30  ft.  i 

Introduced  before  I73B.  ' 

The  Black  Jack  Oak,  according  to 
Michaiiz,  is  sometimes  30  ft.  high,  and 
6or  10  in,  in  diameter,  but  commonly 
does  not  exceed  half  these  dimensions. 
Ita  trunk  is  generaily  crooked ;  and  it 
is  covered  with  a  yen  hard,  thick,  and 
deeply  furrowed  bait,  which  is  black 
on  the  outside,  though  the  inner  bafk 
is  of  a  duU  red.  The  head  of  the  tree 
is  broad  and  qireading,  even  in  the  lui.  q.g^ 


Lxx.  cortla''ce£  :  cue'rcus. 


midit  or  the  woods.    The  leaves  ai 


afen- 


.  a  pear,  and  armed,  when  voung, 
with  3  or  &  briitle^ike  potnts,  which  lull  ofT 
when  the  leaf  hu  attMoed  its  full  size.  Fig. 
159^  from  Hichaux'a  Hittoirt  da  China,  ' 
showa  these  macros  od  aeedlingi  of  one  year's 
and  two  j'ears*  growth.  The  leaves  are  vd- 
lowitfa,  and  aomewliat  down;  at  thdr  first 
unrolding  in  spring ;  but,  when  fjlly  expaaded, 
they  become  of  a  dark  green  above,  and  rusty 
beneath  :  tbey  are  alto  thick  and  leathery  in  | 
their  texture.  In  autumn,  they  turn  of  a  ^ 
blackuh  red,  and  &11  with  the  first  frost.  The 
acorm  (fig.  1566,  g)  are  large,  and  half-covered 
with  very  scaly  cups.  The  specific  name  of 
nigra  was  given  to  this  oak,  by  Lbnsus,  on 
account  of  the  blackness  of  its  bark,  and  its  ,m,.  ^^ 

general  darit  appeanmce. 

I  2E.  Q.  aqua'tica  Saiand.     The  Water  Oak. 
JirmtV^aMM.    Solud  In  Alt.  Hsct  Knr.,  nd  I,  3.  p.  SST.  i  Ulchi.  Qiui^  Ho. 
Sp^mtma.  Q,  ftiuii  euaclf&niinHU»  Ac-, 

a.Ditniriiu.sp.j'i^mt.;  a-<^i^ 

Emtrnwtlf.    lUclii.QiiK.,I.l^M,udll.iin<lourj^.]tB9. 

spec.  Char.,  <f-iT.     Leaves  wedge-BhB|ied,  smooth  ;  tapering  at  the  base;  dilated 

and  obscurely  34obed  at  the  end;  the  middle  kibe  largest.     Calyx  nearly 

hemispherical.      Nut  roundish.  (Wilid.)     A  middle-sized  deciduous  tree. 

Vii^Dia,  Carolina,  and  Florida.  H«^t  40  ft.  to  60  ft.  Intro d.  before  17 !3. 

FarielKt. 

i  Q.  a.  S  nana.  Q.  sqaktica  Smith  and  Abb.  Jnt.  ii.  p.  lU.  t.  59. ;  Q- a. 
elongata  AU.  Hori.  Km.  v.  p.  S90. ;  Q.  dentita  Barl.  Trav.  p.  14. 
ana  2S.;  Q.  nana  Wiild.  Sp.  PI.  iv.  p.  443.  ;  the  Dwarf  jagged 
Oak.  —  Of  much  lower  suture  than  ue  species  ;  and  the  leaves 
nearly  sessile,  and  more  distinctly  lobed. 
t  Q.  a.  3  marilima  Hichi.  Quer.  No.  II.  t,20.  f,  S,  Q. hemispha'rica 
JVUld,  ^.  Pi.  iv,  p.  443.  — Leaves  persistent 


Gnm.  f'irg.  ;  a.rbUonoDKi 


CX.CmX.Ll.90.1 


OA^T  Varieliei.    There  is  no  American  oak,  not  even  Q.  falc&ta,  of  which 
the  foUage  is  so  variable  as  of  this  tree.    On  full-grown  trees,  the  leaves 


876 


ARBORETUM   £T  FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


are  smooth,  shining,  and  heart-shaped,  or  broad  and  rounded  at  the  Sam* 
mit,  and  terminating  in  a  point  nt  tne  base,  as  in  fis,  1595. ;  and  on  yoang 
trees,  or  on  shoots  from  the  roots  of  old  trees,  the  kaves  are  otbI,  toothed, 
oblong,  and,  in  short,  of  all  the  different  forms  shown  in^.  15&d.,  taken 
from  the  Hutoke  des  Chines,  In  the  Horttu  Keweruity  five  varieties  are 
enmnerated,  only  differing  in  the  shape  of  the  leaves ;  but  the  elder  Michaox 
asserts  that  they  cannot  be  propagated  with  certainty  even  by  grafting ;  and 
that  all  the  different  kinds  may  be  found  on  one  tree.  Even  the  two  we 
have  given  under  distinct  names,  though  they  are  made  species  by  some 
authors,  are  rather  variations  than  varieties. 

The  bark,  on  the  oldest  trees,  is  smooth,  or  very  slightly  furrowed.  The 
acorns,  which  are  of  a  dark  brown,  and  are  small  and  extremely  bitter,  are 
contained  in  shallow  slightly  scaly  cups.  The  wood  is  tough  ;  but  it  decays 
so  soon,  that  it  is  never  used  in  Amenca,  even  for  fueL 

A  t  23,  Q.  (a.)  TLICIFo'lia  Wang,    The  Holly-leaved,  or  Bear,  (Xoc. 

IdentiflctOton.    Wang.  Amer.,  79.  t.  6.  f.  17. ;  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.,  ed.  S.,  5.  p.  !£9S. 
Synonytnes.    Q.  Bantsterf  Mlchx.  Qaer.  No.  15. ;   ?  Q.  aquitica 

,Abbott  and  Smith  Jns,  2.  p.  107. ;  Black  Scrub  Oak,  Dwarf  red 

Oak,  Amer. 
Engravings.    Wang.  Amer.,  t  6.  f .  17. ;  N.  Amer.  Syl.,  1.  p.  21. ; 

and  our  Jig.  ISffl. 

Spec,  Char.,  4'^,  Leaves  obovate-wedge-shaped, 
with  3  or  5  deep  bristle^inted  lobes,  entire, 
downy  beneath.  Fruit  stalked,  in  pairs.  (^WUld.}^ 
A  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree.  Northern 
States  of  North  America.  Height  3  ft.  to  10  fl. 
Introduced  in  1800. 

.This  very  remarkable  little  tree  is  generally  found 
about  3  or  4  feet  high ;  but,  in  favourable  situations, 
it  is  sometimes  found  to  reach  the  height  of  8* or  10 
feet.  The  trunk  is  covered,  like  the  branches,  with  a 
polished  bark.  The  leaves  are  of  a  dark  green  on 
the  upper  surface,  whitish  beneath,  and  regularly 
divided  into  3  or  5  lobes.  The  acorns  are  small, 
blackish,  and  longitudinally  marked  with  a  few  red- 
dish lines ,  and  they  are  so  abundant  as  sometimes 
to  cover  the  branches. 


1397.    ^(a.) 


§  vii.  Vhellos.     Willow  Oaks. 


mshM 


I  ft ;  I  A I 


Sect,  Char.,  S^c,  Leaves  quite  entire  and  lanceolate,  dying  off  without  wA 
change  of  colour,  in  England  ;  but,  in  America,  sometimes  persistent  for 
two  or  three  years.  Young  shoots  straieht,  spreading,  and  wand-fikc. 
Bark  very  smooth,  black,  and  never  cracked.  Fructification  bienniaL  Cup 
imbricate.  Nut  roundish  and  very  small.  —  Large  trees  and  shrubs,  the  least 
beautiful  in  their  foliage  of  the  oak  family. 

A  If  24.  Q.  Phe'llos  L,     The  WiUow  Oak. 

IdentiJIcaUon.    Lin.  Sp.  PL,  1412. ;  Pursh  FL  Amer.  Sept.,  S.  p.  625. ;  Michx  Quer.,  Ho.  7. 
Sunonymes.    Q  vlrgiuttna,  &c,  PbOc.  Aim,  p.  180. ;  Q.  Ilex  maryUuidicm  Ran  BisL  PL 
Engravingt.    Mlchx.  Qaer.,  1. 12. ;  the  plates  of  this  tree  in  Arbi  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol.TiiL;iBa 
Wttflg.iWIL 

Spec,  Char.,  S^c,  Leaves  membranaceous,  linear  lanceolate^  tapering  at  eadi 
end,  entire,  smooth,  with  a  small  point.  Nut  roundish.  {Smith,)  A  deci- 
duous tree.     Philadelphia  to  Georgia.      Height  60  fL  to  70  ft.,  in  sone 


LXX.   CORYLACE*:    QUE  RCD8. 

■oili  and  utuationi  ;  and  in  others  a  shrub  of  dimi- 
nutire  growth.    Introduced  in  1723. 

T  Q.  P.  1  tylvitiait  Michi.  Hist,  des  Chenes,  No. 
vii.  t.  12.  (Ourj^.  1608.)  — The  leaves  are 
long  und  hhttow  on  old  trees,  and  trilobed  . 
on  seedling,  as  in^.  1598, ;  and  persistent, 
or   deciduous,   according  lo    soil  and   situa- 

l  Q.  P.  a  laHMut  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.     (The 
plate  of  this  tree  in  Arb.  Bril.,  Ist  edit.,  vol. 
viii.  1  and  our  ffg.  1 509.)  —  A  tree,  with  the  leaves  rather  broader 
than  those  of  the  preceding  form. 


■  Q.  P.  3  humlu  Pursh  F1.  Anier.    SepL  il  p.  635.,   Cat«et).  L  b  S9. 

—  Leaves   ihorter  and  deciduous.      A   shrub   of  low  straggling 

growth, 
ji  Q.  P.  4  terlccut,     Q.  Phfllos  SinHh  and  Ahi.   Int.  H.  t.  51. ;  Q.  P. 

puDiilus  MUAi.  Hill,  det  Ckmei,   t.  13.  f.  1.  and  2.:  Q.  humilior 

salicis  folia  breriore  Cat.  Car.  I  p.  S3. ;  the  Hi^land  Willow  Oak  ; 

Q.  eericea  WM.  ^.  PL  iv.  p.  434.,  Furth  J7.  Amer.  Sept.  ii.  p.  626. ; 

Q.  pumila  Afichx.  JV.  Amer.  Si/I.  i.  t.  IT. ;  the  running  Oak.     (Our 
fig-  1600.)  — This  curiona  little  oak  is  the  smallest  of  the  genus, 

being  only  20  in.,  or  at  most  8  ft.,  in  hdght 
•  t  Q.  P.  5  cinireut.   Q.  P.  y  Lh.  Sp.  Pi  1412. ;  Q.  P.  ji  cinireus  AU. 

Hart.  Keui.  ed.  1.  iii.  p.  354.;  Q.  iiumilis   Wall.  Carol.  334.  ;  Q.  d- 

nerea  WiOd.  ^.  PI.  it.  p.  4S5.,  Michx.  N.   Amer.  Syl,  i,  t.  16. ;  the 

Upland  Willow  Oak.    (Our  jig.  1601.)  —  This  kind  varies  so  much- 


878 


ARBORETUM  ET  FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


4-:y 


1600.    9.P.Mrieetis. 


IflOl.   9.^. 


both  in  height  and  general  appearance,  that  indiTidoal  plants  have 
frequently  been  taken  for  distinct  species.  It  is  only  found  in  the 
roaritime  parts  of  the  Southern  States,  where  it  is  rare,  in  coiapah 
rison  with  many  other  species. 
A  Q.  P.  6  marUimits  Michx.  Quer.  No.  7.  Q.  marftuna  WUld.  Sp.  PL  rr. 
p.  424.  —  A  low  shrubby  plant,  from  3  ft.  to  8  fl.  high,  accordici 
to  Pursh  ;  a  native  of  the  sea  coast 
of  Virginia  and  Carolina.  The  leaves 
are  shorter  than  those  of  the  species, 
and  are  persistent.  It  is  sometimes 
called  the  evergreen  willow  oak. 

The  leaves  of  this  species  are  2  or  3  inches 
long,  of  a  liebt  green,  smooth,  narrow,  entire, 
and  very  similar  to  those  of  the  willow;  whence 
the  name  of  the  willow  oak,  by  which  this 
species  is  known  throughout  the  greater  part 
of  America.  The  shoots  are  straight,  long, 
slender,  wand-like,  and  not  crossing  one 
another  bo  much  as  in  most  of  the  other 
kinds  of  oaks  ;  so  that  the  tree  is  almost 
as  much  like  the  willow  in  its  shoots  as  its 
leaves.  The  acorns  (Jig,  1566.  A)  arc  small, 
round,  bitter,  and  of  a  dark  brown  colour : 
they  are  contained  in  shallow  cups,  slightly 
coated  with  scales  ;  and,  if  kept  in  a  cool  place, 
they  will  preserve  the  power  of  germination 
for  several  months.  Lar^e  trees  of  this  species 
are  not  unfrequent  in  Bntish  gardens.  leoi.  «.  phaut. 

t  25.  Q.  (P.)  laurifo'lia  Willd.    The  LaureMeaved  Oak. 

Ident(ficaiiom.    WlUd.  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  427. ;  Ait.,  9d  ed.,  5.  p.  383. ;  Pursh  Sept.,  S.  p-fiSI.;  »*«. 

Qu6r.,  No.  10.  . 
Sytiomifmes.    The  Laurel  Oak,  Swamp  Willow  Oak. 
Riigrmringi,   Midix.  Quer.,  1. 17. ;  and  our/lg.  1604. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  obovate,  entire,  smooth,  nearly  sessile  ;  tapering  at 
the  base.  Nut  roundish,  even.  (Smith.)  A  decidqous  tree.  South  Caro- 
lina and  Georgia.    Height  50  or  60  feet.    Introduced  in  1786. 

Variety. 

I  Q.  (P.)  I.  2  hybrida  Michx.  Quer.  No.  10.  U  18.     Q.12  obtiisa  A 


LXX.  corxlacba:  que'rcus. 


e  Horl.    Km.   ed.  2.  v.  p.  288. 

'  (Our  fg.  1603.)— Ruther  more 

obtiue  leaves  than  tbe  ipecieL 

\  The   whole   of   the    American    oaka 

I  belonging  to  the  sectioD  Pb^lloa  are  re- 

r  ntarkoble  for   retaining   their  leave*,  in 

particular  soils  and  situationa,  for   two,  OtatiBiu. 

three,  and  in  some  cases  even   four,  fears,  without  their  diansing  colour  ; 
differing  in  this  respect,  both  from  evergreens,  which  change  tndr  leavea  in 
the  spring  of  ev^y  year  i  and  from  those  de- 
ciduous trees  which  retain  their  leaves  in  a 
withered  stute  during  winter. 

%  30.  Q.  iMBRiCA'niA  Wm.    The  Sungte 

Oak. 

Uimtdlaaim.    Wllld.  Sp.  PI.  t.  p.  4H ;  Punh  Bob,  t.  p- 

esa.i  MlEhl.  Qiin..  Ko.  1(L 
Swaaitiiict.     a.  Udflilli  Hurl.  1  Liurel  Oak.  Flled-Cup 

Ctak,  Juk  Oak.  Black  Jack  Osk.  Amtr. ;  CtalH  il  LutM. 

Emratitgi.    Ukbi.  Qiin'.,t.lS,IS.j  N.  Ann.  SjL,  1 .  t. 
I&  i  aad  tjnrjig.  1605, 

5/vi?.  C^r.,  iff.    Leaves  elliptic-oblong,  acute 

at  each  end,  entire,  almost  sesnie ;  downy 

beneath.      Nut  nearly  globose.  (_Smifh.)     A. 

deciduous    tree.       AU^haniea,    but    rare. 

Height  40  or  50  feet    Introduced  in  1T&6. 

The  leaves  are  long,  lanceolate,  entire,  and 
of  a  shining  neen.  The  trunk  is  branching, 
and  often  cnx^ed  i  and  the  wood,  though  hard 
and  heavy,  has  open  pores  like  that  of  Q.  rubra.  „oj    ^  imWiaria. 

T  B7.  Q.  heteiiofht'i.la  Sfichx.     ITie  various-leaved,  or  Barlram's,  Odt. 
tdttlSffaaHm.  HIcbi.ADHr.  Srl.,l.p.TS.|Piinh  7].AD«r. 
XvnniMtl'  MIchi.  ABMr.  SjL,  t  IS. ;  imd  DUr  A-  imt. 
Spec.   Char.,   Sfc.      Leaves  on  long  footstalks, 

ovate-lanceolate  or  oblong,  entire  or  unequally 

toothed.     Cup  hemispherical.    Nut  roundish. 

{Michi.)      A  deciduous  tree,  30  ft.  hiih,  of 

which  only  one  individual  has  been   found. 

Banks    of  the   Schuylkill,   four  miles .  from 

Philadelphia.     Introduced  ?  1820.     Horticul- 
tural Socie^'s  Garden  |  and  at  Verrieres,  tbe 

villa  of  M.  Vilmorin,  near  Paris. 

Q.  agnjh&t  WiUd.  (described  in  Ari.  Brit.,  I  si 
edit.,  p.  1894.,  after  Pursh  and  others)  appears 
to  be  nothing  more  than  Q.  cocdfera.  i^  fl.b«.nri.(».. 


880  AKBORETUH    ET   FRUTICETUM  BRITAMHICUK. 

B-   Leaves  evergreen. 

A.  KaliBet  of  Europe. 

$  viii.    riex.     Holm,  or  HoUtf,  Oaia, 

Sect  Char.     Leaves  orate  or  ovel,  Eonietimes  lanceolate,  entire  or  aefnttdi 


.  __ js  vaf  long  in  proportion  to  the  cup.-    —     

shrubt,  of  great  commercial  interext,  from  includiog  (oe  oaks  which  pto- 
duce  cork,  the  keroica  insect,  and  edible  aconiE. 

t  88,  Q,  Flex  L.     The  common  evergreen,  or  Holm,  Oak. 

IttaagktOm.    Lin.  Sv.  PI..  1411. ;  Ail.  Hart.  Kow.,  &.  p.  M9. 

Sfnaifmn.    riti  trbbrei  Sunt.  BM.  1.  r-96.;  rVsiue,  or  Chin*  itn,  J¥. ;  Stttn  EkiM,  Ov-i 

auwiiHt.'  'BUckw.  Hnb.'.  t.  IK. ;  N.  Du  Hum..  t.«,U-,  Dead.  Brit.,  L  M.  ;  tbe  pUH  afO* 

tng  In  Arb.  BrU.  lu  cdlt.,>a[.  •11. :  >nd  our  Jig. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^.  Leaves  ovate^Iiloiif;,  acute,  coriaceoua,  entire  or  tanuii 
hoary  beneath.  Bark  even.  Nut  ot-ate.  (WUld.)  A  niiddl»4iied  ent- 
pte.n  tree,  or  large  shrab.  Suuih  of  Europe,  North  of  AAica,  Codna- 
China  and  other  partB  of  Aaia,  Height  13  ft.  to  30  ft.  rarely  60  ft.  Id  cd- 
tiration  in  British  gardens  from  a  ray  remote  period.  Flowen  greanl 
white;  May.  Acoma  brown ;  r^>ening  the  second  year. 
Varietiei,  These  are  very  numerous,  and  frequently  very  diatinct ;  and,  ■ 
in  the  case  of  every  species  of  oak,  they  might  be  greatly  increucdl; 
seledine from  beds  of  aeedlingplants. 

1  Q.  1.   1  integn^Ha  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1S36.  — Leaves  lanceolate,  enliie. 
}  Q.  L  2  terrat^dUa  Lodd.  Cat.   ed.   1836.     (Our^.  1607.)  — LoMi 

lanceolate,  serrated. 
9  «  Q.  I.  3  ^filia  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1636.    PbfUodrys  MatA.  Valgr.i 
.189.(  /'lei  No.  3.  Du  Ham.  Arb.  i.  t.  SE4.   (Our  J^.lSOe.)- 
,eaves  broader  and  lees  ri^d,  more  or  less  undnlated,  and  soo^ 
slightly  serrated. 


La 


I  ■  Q.  L  4  critjxi  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.— Leaves  wrinkled  at  die**B. 
t  ■  g.  I.  5  lalipia  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  Q.  /.  obl6nga  ffort.  (The  jJbtt 

of  this  variety  in  Arb.  Bril.,  Ist  edit.,  vol.  viii. ;  and  our  fff.  IW9- 

and  1610.)  —  Leaves  broad,  nearly  entire, 
r  •  Q.  I.  6  hn^Ua  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  Q.  /.  nJiciiolia  Hori.^'Lam 

long  and  very  narrow, 
t  •  Q.  I.  7  variegata  Hort.  —  Leaves  van't^;ated  with  white. 


Lxx.  coryla'cex  :  que'rcus. 


In  favourable  situntions,  in  the  South  of  France,  Spain,  and  Italy,  and  also 
in  the  wannest  parte  of  England  anil  Ireland,  the  Q.  /'lex  Tonns  a  buBhy 
erergreen  tree,  exceeding  the  middle  size.  The  trunk  is  generally  furnished 
with  branches  from  the  ground  upwards  ;  and,  being  concealed  by  the  deoae 
mass  of  foliage  borne  by  these  branches,  tbe  general 
character  of  the  ipecies,  even  when  fully  grown,  w 
that  of  an  immense  bush,  rather  than  that  of  a 
timber  tree.  When  judiciously  pruned,  or  drawn 
up  by  other  trees,  however,  it  forms  a  handsome  £ 
well-balanced  head,  on  a  straight  trunk,  and  will 
graceful  pendent  branches.  The  roots  descend  t< 
a  very  ereat  depth,  altogether  ili'^ proportionate  t< 
the  height  of  the  trunk  ;  fur  uhich  reason  this  oak 
is  never  found  indigenous  to  sod  with  a  wet  bottom. 
The  bark  is  black,  thin,  bard,  and  even;  sometimes 
alighlly  furrowed,  but  never  corky.  The  leaves  varv 
exceedingly  in  shape  and  size,  from  5  in.  in  lengtK 
and   nearly  Sin.  in  brtaiJth   (as  in  Q.  I.  latifolia  „,,.  ,.p,^ 

and  ^.  /.  yagifolia),  to   I  in.   in   length  and   }  in. 

in  breadth  (as  in  Q.  I.  crispa),  or  }  in.  in  breadth  and  3  in.  in  length 
(as  in  Q.  I,  lalicifblia).  In  some  plants,  the  leaves  are  prickly,  like  those  of 
the  holly  ;  and,  when  this  is  the  case,  the  most  prickly  are  nenri'st  the 
ground  i  a  circumstance  beautifully  exempli&ed  in  a  line  tree  at  Purser'a 
Cross.  Tbe  colour  of  the  leaves  is  a  dark  green  ;  and,  being  convex  above, 
and  quite  smooth,  they  have  a  Gne  shining  nppearance.  In  the  climate  of 
London,  seedling  plants  grow  with  considerable  rapidity ;  attaining,  in  good 
loamy  soil,  froia  15(t.  to  2{)(t.  in  height  in  10 years  from  the  acorn.  As 
they  become  larger,  they  grow  slower  ;  and,  after  cbey  have  attained  the  heieht 
of  30  or  40  feet,  they  increase  in  width  nearly  as  much  as  in  height.  Tbe 
tree  attains  a  great  age,  remaining  in  a  growing  state  for  severjl  centuries. 
The  sap  wood  is  whitish  ;  but  the  heart,  or  perfect  wood,  is  of  a  brown 
colour,  very  cloae-grained,  heavy,  and  very  hard.  It  weighs  70  lb.  to  the 
cubic  foot,  and  takes  a  line  polish  ;  but  twists  and  splits  a  erent  xleal  in 
dijiag,  like  most  other  bard  and  heavy  woods.     It  is  of  great  duration,  and 

Si, 


882  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

also  of  consiclernble  flexibility'.  Boutcher  recoin mentis  the  tree  for  maktng 
warm  and  lofty  hedges,  40  or  SO  feet  hifih,  in  a  short  time.  A  dry  deep  scH, 
calcareous  or  sandy  rather  than  clayey,  and  a  Hituation  low  ratha'  dun 
elevated,  best  Buit  the  ilex.  It  in  exceedingly  difficult  to  propagate,  other- 
wise thiin  by  the  acom  ;  and  no  tree  is  more  difficult  to  traOEiplant,  "  ai  the 
n>otB  of  it,  vhen  not  interrupted,  run  na  stmisht  down  into  the  earth  at  a 
carrot  j"  and  hence  the  best  mode  is  to  have  the  plants  raised  in  small  poi^ 
one  in  a  pot,  at,  is  generally  practised  iti  the  London  n 
m  29.  Q.  (I.)  BALUf'TA  Desf     Thf 

Umlipaalm.    Dcit  All.t.p.SI'.O.  ;  UIILd.  Sp.  PI.,  4.  II.  49! 


Spec.  Char.,  j-c.  Leaves  elliptical,  coriaceous,  denticulated  or 
beneath.  Bark  even.  Nut  cylindrical,  eloti^ted.  {Deif.)  An 
evergreen  tree  or  1iirf;e  bush.  Bar* 
bary,  in  AI^Mers  and  Morocco. 
Height  20  or  30  feel,  with  a  trunk 
from  3  ft.  to  6  ft.  in  circumference. 
Introduced  in  1696. 


Obviously  a   variety   of  Q.   /'leu  ; 

\  from  whicb,  however,  it  diflers  in  its 

es   being   more   rounded    at    the 

H,  and  also  more  white  and  cottony 

beneath,  and   of   a  more  coriaceous 

lilt.  «.[i.iBrt^..  texture;    and  in   its   acom    being  of 

double  the  length  of  that  of  (j. /'lex,  and  in  having  a  mild  and  icu  g.;!.)^** 

agreeable  taste. 

1  ■  30.  Q.  (/.  B.)  GHAiitj'NTi*  L.     The  flbtfj^^nerf Graramoot  Oat 

JinaHlcaliim.    Lin.  Sp.  PI..  14T3.  ;  N.  Du  Ham..  T.  p.  ISS. 

^namnua.    ?  f 'lei  null  rotumlWrlbul,  tc,  Uatn.  Mnup.  1M.  ;  Chtai  te  CIniiniDlinl.  Fr.  [  «^ 
lenllitlrln  Eicha,  IScr.  ;  Bnclna  dultf,  wlil  GouMU,  Spun.    Cuuiu  3.  K.  Cook  tiiuM  0^ 

baTlDB  been  SOaoa  Ed  Uif  reionuit  of  t,  wood  ov  th«  nuu  of  GrmmiDont,  neu  MootptUa,  "A*^ 
Kcordlng  to  DrCandDllft,  tbe  ipnlei  do  loDnr  rvliu, 

tztctdtSrm  one  IhU  wu 'unt  to  lulv  Cipuin  Cook;  udihtnbu'ortli*  tna  UFtnmt-iOam, 
In  Alb.  GIL,  III  edit 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  roundish-elliptical,  netriy 
sessile,  undulated,  with  deep,  spiaoua,  dirariolea 


Lxx.  corhlaceje:  qveucvs.  883 

Hdgbt  fiO  ft.  to  40  ft.  Introduced  in  1730.  Flowers  greenish  white ;  June. 
Nut  brown ;  ripe  b  the  autumn  of  the  following  jeat.  Apparentlj'  nothing 
more  than  a  variety  of  Q.  Satlota. 

i  ■  Q.  (I.  B.)^.  2  Codiii.  Q.  Coikit  Arb.  Brit  iht  edit.  p.  1926.  (Our;^. 
1616.) —  Either  idendcal  witli  the  species,  or  a  elij;ht  variety  of  it. 
A  Btraggling  tree,  with  numerous  round  grey  tvancheg,  downy  when  young. 
Leaves  Ecarcely  1  in.  long,  rigid,  broadly  elliptical,  often  nearly  orbicular  ;  very 
much  undulated  at  the  margin,  their  deep,  broad,  spinous  teeth  pointing  every 
vay,  like  those  of  the  holly  ;  the  upper  surface  dark  green,  rather  ijlaucons, 
besprinkled  with  minute  stariy  hairs;  the  under  aurface  denseiy  clothed  with 
white  entangled  down.  In  the  JVouwou  Du  UaiHel,greBt  doubts  are  expressed 
as  to  whether  this  species  is  identical  wirh  the  Q.  rotundit&lia  of  Lamarck  ; 
and  whether  both  sorts  may  not  be  merely  varieties  of  Q,  /lex,  which  we 
believe  to  be  the  case. 

•  31,  Q.  cocci'feba  L.     The  Kcnaa,  or  Berry-bearing,  Oak. 
.  Sp.  PI.,  1413. 1  N.  Du  Hun..  I,  p.  Ica 

cocclfeia  Cant.  Efil.  7U.  ;  I.  iculctu  rocdglmnill/tn  Garid.  Ail.  p.  M). ;  I. 
nuc.  p.  ita.  1  dim  MX  Kcimei.  Fr. :  Kennel  ElcbD,  Gtr-  i    Querre  del 


^Kc.  Char.,  ^c.  Leave!!  elliptic-oblong,  rigid  ;  smooth  on  both  sides,  with 
spreading,  bristly,  spinous  teeth.  Fruit  on  peduncles ;  nut  ovale.  Calyx 
with  spreading,  pointed,  somewhat  recurved  scales,  {N.  Du  Ham.)  A  low 
bushy  evergreen  shrub.  South  of  Europe  and  the  Levant,  Height  3  ft.  to 
5  ft.  Introduced  in  1683.  Flowers  greenish  white  \  May.  Acorns  rarely 
ripeued  in  England. 

The  whole  plant  resembles  a  holly  in  miniature;  but  the  leaves  are  of  a 
paler  green,  and  they  vary  exceedingly  in  magnitude.     This  oak  is  well  known 
as  producing  the  kermes,  or  scarlet  grain,  of  com- 
merce.    The  fruit  is  but  of  a  very  small  size  the 
first  year,  and  does  not  attain  maturity  till  the 


^ 


cad  of  the  second.  The  nuts  are  oval,  and  are  enveloped  for  half  their  length 
in  a  cup  himished  with  rough  scales  terminating  in  rough  points,  which  are 
almost  woody,  spreading,  and  a  little  recurved.  Propagated  from  the  acorns, 
wbich  are  received  from  the  Continental  nurserymen. 

X  •  32.  Q.  psKu"DO-cocci'FE»i  Deif.     The  false  Sermet,  or  ».?/ 

Berry -bearing.  Oak.  fi-'i^ 

JdmlificaUim.    Dnt  AIL,  J^.349,  i  N.  Du  H«ni..7.  p.  160.  ^J^ 

Jintrmralf-    N.  Du  Him.,  [.  *a,  t.'l.  ;  UHl  ourjH(.  1619.  .^JM* 

Spec.   Char,,  i[c.      Leaves  elliptic-oblong,   rigid,  smooth   on  both  ^GSv 
.. , -.t  __• „. H... t-ai      ^ith  flat  slightly       "^ 


^reading  scales.  {Detf.)     "  Observed  by  Desibntaine*  at  Algiers 


894  ARBORETUM    F.T    FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 

and  about  Mount  Atlas,"  where  it  Ibrra^  a  tree  from  1  j  fl.  to  SO  It.  h^ 
with  round  branches, c I otht'd  with  rusty  down  when  youn^.  The  leave*  *re 
twice  or  thrice  as  long  an  those  of  Q.  coccifera,  thicker,  und  less  wav)',  wnh 
Diuch  siiinller  and  shorter  sfinous  serratures,  rather  than  teeth.  lalroducfd 
?  1820.     Horticultural  Society's  Ourdcn  in  1H34. 

1  33.  Q.  Su-BBH  L.    The  Cork  Tree. 

Umlificaliim.    I.ln.  Sp.  PI..  I4ia.  -,  N.  Du  Hun  .  7.p.  1». 

"A^'i.  p.  991.  i  Cbtne  LII^,  Fr,\  Kork  Ktche.  Ctr.  \  Soieio.  /uj.';  Almnnnin.'  Xw 
EMgniKitt.    Hunt.  BnU  8f  I.,  t  In  p.  tsi ;  N.  Du  Hun.,  T,  t  U. !  Dend.  Bril..  t.  S.  i  Uh  pbB 

3  tbU  tiee  In  iiti.  BrlL,  liI  cdlL,  lol.  •111.  |  ind  oat fif.  ten. 
f^M^.  Ciinr.,  cj-f.  Leaves  ovate-oblong,bluntish,coriaceou.<i.  entire  orsharply 
dcrrattd  j  dowiw  beneath.  Bark  cracked,  rungous.  {Wdld.)  An  evergreen 
tree.  South  or  Europe  and  North  of  Africa.  Height  20  or  30  TeeL  In- 
trodueetl  in  1699.  Flowers  greenish  white;  May.  Acomt  brown;  i>cn> 
sionally  ripened  in  the  climate  of  London. 
Vanrtin.  These,  we  have  no  doubt,  nre  as  numerous  as  the  varietiea  of  (l 
/'lex,  in  countries  where  the  tree  is  indigenous.  None  are  in  cultiratioo  in 
British  gnriltns  under  any  particular  name :  but,  the  cork  trees  hHrin°  been 
all  raised  from  seed,  their  leaves  will  be  fnund  to  vary  in  magnitude,  ia 
diflerent  places,  in  length  relative!)  to  breadth,  and  in  the  character  of  iber 
margins,  which  are  wavy,  serrate,  or  dentate. 

J   Q.  S    2  latifUmm.    5ulier  latifolium,  &c.,  Bauh.  Pin. 
424...  Du  Mom.  Arb.  2.  \>.  291.  t.  BO.  (The  plate  of  this 
tree  in  Arb.  Brit^  1st  edit.,  v.il.  viiL ;  and  oat  Jig.  IGSO.) 
—  Leaves  rather  broader  than  in  the  species       '    '  '        ' 
serrated  or  entire. 
T  Q.   S.  3  aagttili/oliani.    Suber  angustifolium  Bnni 
iU.,DiiHam.Ar6.2.  p.  291.  l.fll.  — The  fimire 


md  either  ,^:V^ 


-  Leaves  large,  and  ti 


The  cork  tree  bears  a  general  resemblance  to  the  broad-leaved  kinds  of  Q- 
/  lex  i  of  which  species  some  authors  consider  jt  only  a  variety :  bat,  "b" 
fiill  ^rown,  it  forma  u  much  handsomer  tree  ;  and  its  bark  alone  seemi  to  ju»- 
tify  Its  being  made  a  species.  The  outer  bark,  the  great  thickness  and  dMti- 
city  of  which  are  owing  to  an  extraordinary  developement  of  the  cellular  tiaoe. 
forms  the  cork  ;  which,  after  the  tree  is  full  grown,  cracks  and  separates  from 
it  of  iu  own  accord.  The  inner  bark  remains  attached  to  the  tree,  W, 
when  removed  in  its  young  state,  is  only  fit  for  tanning.  The  wood  of  the 
cork  tree,  which  weighs  84.1b,  per  cubic  foot,  is  used  for  the  same  pufpiw 
■»  that  of  Q,  /'lei ;  but  it  is  never  found  of  Buffident  si»e  to  be  of  muck 


Lxx.  cobyla'ceje:  qve'rcvs.  883 

contequeDce.     By  fur  the  moHt  important  product  which  this  irce  <>.r~Ji 
jidds,  is  its  outer  bark,  whith  furma  the  cork  or  commerce.    The  ^^^t^& 
bark  is  separated  by  hnt  making  a  lircular  cut  round  the  trunk,  /^4v 

immediately  under  the  main  branches,  sad  another  at  a  few  inches        ^^^^ 
above  the  surface  of  the  ground.    The  portion  of  bark  intervening  ^^ 

between  the  two  cuta  is  then  split  down  in  three  or  four  places ;  ,8ej. «.  nta. 
care  bi;ing  tnken,  both  in  making  the  circular  ciils,  and  also  the 
longitudinal  one.s,  not  to  penetrate  the  inner  bark.  Tliis  operation  is  couimonly 
pertormed  in  July,  or  in  the  bej^inning  of  August,  when  the  second  sap  (lows 
plentifully.  The  tree  la  now  left  Ibr  B  or  10  years,  when  it  ia  again  disbarked 
as  before.  In  British  gardena  Q,  Siiber  ia  propagated  by  imported  acorns,  or 
by  inarchinj;  on  Q.  I^lex. 

1  I  3i.  Q.  Psku'do-Su'bkb  Oetf.    The  Fulae-Cork  Oak. 

7K    DtiC  A11..!.|>.3(S.i  N.Dii  Hun..T.  n  I7<. 

.     Chtllt  (m«  Uije.  Chhiff  ie  (Jibfalur,  Pr.  ;  I'lllthW  Kork^Elrh*.  Orr.    Bom  tui« 
Mina*  potjum  i  li.iifof  a.  Tiirnori,  vhlih  wu  btoirgKt  lo  him  rriHil  Kn  bf   L'Hcrtllir.UKl 

£il(r>»riw(.    aun.Vlagf.,  L  4.1  S|>r«>g.  Anll<).  But  i  t  I.  i  N.  Du 

Sjiec,  Char.,^,     Leavea  ovute^blong  or  lanceolate ; 

sinuated,  dentaled,  or  serrated ;  hoary  beneuth. 
Bark  fungous,  cracked.  Mul  ovate.  Calyx  inuri- 
cattd,  with  lax,  recurved,  linear  scales,  (IJetf.)  A 
sub^ever^reen  tree.  Mountains  of  Tuacany,  t^pain, 
and  Barbary,  Mount  Atlas,  and  near  Tangier. 
Height  50  or  60  ft.  Introduced  b  162^. 
yariely. 

I  Q.  P.  2  Foutmetii.  Q.  Fontanesn  Gusa.,  Art. 
Brit.  Ist  edit.  p.  1995.  (Our  Jig.  1624.) 
—  Either  identical  with  ihia  species,  or  a  very 
alight  variety  of  it.  ""  •  r.  ronimwi. 

The  bark  is  corky,  though  less  so  than  that  of  Q.  £Ciber.     Young  branchea 
,  ^  downy  or   hoary ;   sometimes  smooth,   striated.     Des- 

^^"■^  .V^^^  fontaiuea  describes  the  bark  aa  funi;ous,  o->  very  thick, 
s^-r^x-iV^  ""''  "*  '«'"G'  without  doubt,  capable  of  replacmg  the 
ttYi.  "j'j-  if'CS^  cork  of  Europe.  The  leaves  are  oval-oblong,  deiitated 
''■' '  ^  ,   serrated;    smooth   above,   and   pubescent   beneath, 

^maining  green  a  part  of  the  winter;  so  that  the  tree 
ay  be  considered  us  forming  the  connecting  link  be- 
vei-n  the  evergreen  oaks  and  the  deciduous  ones.  Q. 
_iiber  anguatifolium  and  Q.  Siihet  dentatum  (p.  884.) 
u.a   e-EWidtsiiM.      "'"y  possibly  be  forms  of  thU  species. 

t  ib.  Q.  Tu'rnee/  Willd.     Tumer'a  Oak. 

Idml'ficmlUnt.    WilM.  EnaiB„»7S.)Biimil.,|>.S39. 

S^n^ymri.     0.  htbrWl  Mori. ;  Chine  da  luimr,  FT.  ;  Tur- 

Jfuroni^I.  Wi'lld.B»UIilI.,l.3.(.».illuloutAs  16*6,  (rolB  f 

Sptrc.  Char.,  Sic.  Leavea  oblong,  uiucronatei 
dentate  i  glabrous  on  both  aidea;  nomenhat 
wedge-sbaped  at  the  base.  Branchleta  hmry. 
( Willd.)  A  sub-evergreen,  or  nearly  ever- 
green tree,  apparently  a  hylirid  between  Q, 
i)edunculata  and  Q.  /'lex,  having  been  found 
in  B  bed  of  seedlings  of  the  former  species,  in 
1795  or  before,  in  Turner's  Nursery,  at  Hol- 
loway  Down,  Essex.     Height  40  It.  (o  .^Uft.  ini.  «.Tuxn. 


QSG  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICITM. 

FJowcTB  and  acorni  have  been  produced  in  the  Mile  End  Nursery. 
The  leaves  vary  coiuiderably  in  size,  but  not  niucli  in  foroi,  or  in  the  cha- 
TJf  ter  of  (lieir  margins.  Keudily  propagated  by  gmfting  on  the  commoi]  oak, 
from  which,  in  summer,  it  can  scarcely  be  di Extinguished  at  a  distance,  an  its 
branches  anJleuvts  ore  so  similar  ;  but,  in  winter,  its  thick,  glussjr,  and  strictlj 
eVEfgreen  foUage  hns  a  line  elfect.     Oa  the  wfaule,  it  is  en  exceedingiy  distinct 

'        y  handsome  tree,  by  no  means  liable  ta  vary  in  the  t'onti  o''  '     ''  '' 

It  is  rather  m 

its  foliage  nearly  aa  lung  as  that  spei^ies. 

I  t  36.  a.  HV'BRIDA  naNa.     The  dwarf  hybrid  Oak. 

Synnvnvi      0.  bf  brldi  /.Drfd.  Col.  1H36  ,  Q.  "  i  hjbrid  iMHwecn  Q.  pcduncuUU  ull  S.  /'la.  M 

Spec.  Char,,  itc     Leaves  ovate  or  oblong,  obtusely  dentate,  smooth,  and  of 
the  same  colour  on  both  sides.     Footstalks  short.     A   sub-evergreen  bush. 
Found,  about  1625,  in  a  bed  of  seeiiling  oaks  in  the  Bristol  Nursery,  where 
the  original  plant,  in   May,  Itt^T,  was  between  H  f^.  Hi>d  9  h.  high,  with  a 
trunk  B  in.  in  circumference  at  1  (t.  from  the  ground.     Flowers  7. 
In  summer,  the  leaves,  at  a  distance,  bear  a  considerable  resemblance  to 
those  of  the  common  oak ;  but,  on  a  nearer  inspeciion,  they  appear  as  mfig. 
16ST.  or  in^.  1628. ;  the  first  from  the  specimen  tree  in  the  Hackney  arbo- 
retum, and  the  Kcond  from  the  arboretum  at  Milford.     Towards  the  auiuma. 
those  Bhoots  which   have   con- 
tinued   growing   exhibit   leaict 
on  their  extremilies  so  eiardr 
like   those    of  W.  Tumen,  th»i 
it   is   attt^ether    impossible   to 


make  any  distinction  between  them.     Propagated  by  graftinit  on  the  commoi 
o*k.     Fig.  1629.  exhibits   leaves  (a,  6)  taken  from  the  eitremitics  of  tbe 

shoots,  in  different  parts  of  thu  snme  plant. 

11.  Saliva  of  North  America. 

j  ix.     Vir^lei.     Live  Oaks. 

Serf.  Char    Leaves  oblong-lanceolate  ;  dentare,  and  i-arioosly  cut  when  wow: 

but,  on  full-grown  trees,  quite  entire.     Burk  sniooih,  black.     Fructificsitoo 

biennii.1.     Cup  imbricate.     Nut  long.     Low  trees  or  shniha  ■  rather  tenJff 

in  Britain,  and  not  attaming  a  timlier-like  size  north  of  London. 

1  37.  Q.  viBENS  *(.     The  green,  or  ZW,  Oak. 

lirBl'ficaliim.    Alt   Mort.  K»w.,  hL  ]..  S.  d.  a.*  •  Punli  .^m    n   r-r.   .  «.,t.    rv.„    k.  I 

**SrZ^.  "■  ■^""»^'---  *"-«  '•"■  ■■  «.™p.r^™i.£«^i  e.''i^^»ft'. 

WoBAig,      MIchl.  Quer.,  L  10,  ri.i  N.  Amtr.  Sjl.,  1.  t.  li  ;  Ihr  plUc  of  till.  lr«  to  A*  ■*- 

Spec.  Char.,  *c.  Leaves  coriaceous,  elliptic-ohlong.  revolute,  entire,  poiw- 
less  J  obtuse  at  the  base ;  clothed  with  starry  down  t)eneath.  Fniit  sulinL 
Nut  oblong.  (  Wm.)     An  evergreen  tree.     North  America,  b  the  nuriow 


Lxx.  <:oRyLA^cE£ :  que'rcub. 


C  of  the  Southern  States.  Height  30rLto40fl.  Imrodjced  in  1739. 
era  and  fruit  rarely  prottuccd  in  England. 
The  leavei  are  oval,  curiareous,  of  a  dark  green  above,  and  whitish  beneath  : 
they  peraliit  during  severul  yeara,  but  are  partially  renewed  erery  spring.  On 
old  trees,  growing  «'ild  in  the  forests,  they  are  always  entire,  as  shown  inj^. 
1631. ;  but,  oa  seedlings  of  8  or  3  years  old,  they  are  very  distinctly  toothed, 
aaiaJSg.  1632.     On  trees  growing  in  cool  soils,  or  reared  in  plantations,  they 


are  one  half  larger  than  those  on  the  tret-s  usually  found  in  a  wild  state,  antl 
are  often  denticulated  even  on  old  trees.  The  acorns  are  of  an  elongated  oval 
fonn,  nearly  black,  and  are  contained  in  greyi:<h  pedunculated  cups.  In  Bri- 
tiih  gardens,  this  tree  is  seldom  found  higher  than  a  large  shrub,  it  requiriug 
'  ~~  iier  climate  to  attain  a  timber-like  size. 

(8.  Q.  MVRTiFo'LiA  IVUId.  No.*.,  X.  Du  Ham.7.  p.  151. 
ceous,  oblong,  entire,  smooth,  acute  at  each  end.     Carolina.    See 
in  p.  1 1 10.     It  is  described  in  our  first  edition,  p.  1920. 
31,  4 


688  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUH. 

c.  Xa/ivei  af  Nepal, 
§  X.  Lanala.  Woolly  or  dmrmy-leaved  Oakt. 
Seel.  char.  Leevefi  oval-oblong  or  limceolate,  serrated  or  dentated,  bat  not 
Einuated  Or  lobed  ;  woolJy  beneath.  Trees  evergreen,  natives  of  Nepal  j 
end  only  balf-Jiftrdy  in  the  climate  of  I^indon.  They  may  be  propagated 
by  cuttings,  which  root  without  much  difficuliyj  and  the  plants  require  the 
protection  of  a  wall. 

1  39.  Q.  lanjI'ta  Smith.     Tia  woo^yJeavtd  Kejtid  Oak, 

Wmrjlaiifaii.    SmilhlnRen'iCrcL,  Mo.  ». 

Srntmpia.    a.  ■•nuglntH  D.  Don  Prod.  Fl  Scy.  p.  ST.  i  fi.  Bdma  Kin>.  H3S.  ;  ?  Q.  Maatia 

D.  Dn,  1.  c.  :  7  O.  Inrlna  Sofli  Bltal.  f.  Ul. 
Xmgmmt.    Oar  fig   L6a.  trDizi  [faeUni  UKcv. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  elliptic-oblong,  sharply  serrated,  coriaceous  ;  densdy 
woolly  beneath.  Fruit  in  axillary  solitary  spikea.  Calyx  scaly,  without 
prickles.  (Smith.)  A  large  evergreen  tree.  Uiiper  Nqiai.  on  moantaina. 
Height  60  ft.  to  80  ft.  j  io  England  a  half-hardy  shrub.  Introd.  in  161& 
Flowers  greenish  white;  May.  Acorns  occasionally  produced. 
In  its  native  country  this  is  a  tree  of 

viLit  dimensions,  with  a  scaly  hark,  and 

rieid,  brown,  warty  branches,  clothed, 

wheu  young,  with  dense  white  down  ; 

but  in  England  it  has  not  yet  been  seen 

above  10  It.  high,   and  it   reijuires   to  •' 

attain  this   heijiht  the  protection  of  a  k 

wall.     In  the  Hackney  arboretum,  and   \^ 

in  that  at  Flitwick,  plants  of  lliis  spe-      \   i 

ciea  have  stood  out,  without  any  pro-       V 

tection,  in  the  open  garden  for  several 

years,  but  tliey  are  annually  killed  down 

within  a  short  distance  of  the  ground  j  nevertheless, 

nursery,  plants  in  )>ots  have  borne  acams. 

I  ■  40.  Q.  annula'ta  Saiilh.     The  nT\g-<:vpped  Oak. 

MaulficaUim.    SaWa  In  Beei'i  CffL,  No.  W. 
Sgnomma.     ^Fhnmiii  Hun.  MSS.,  D  !>«■  Prod. 
Fl  Ncrp.  p.  B?. ;    f  ^  KamrDApfj  D.  ]>Dn,  \.  c.  ;   Q- 

rHIlu   Lcli.   Cnt.  hL  lUS  {    iO-  gUau   Tkimt. ; 
a.  acumlniu  Hon, 
Xngrmmg,    OarJIf.  ISM.  trom  ■  living  ipixlmen. 

^xc.  Char.,  S/e.  Leaves  ovate-lanceolate, 
pointed  ;  dcntatcly  serrated,  except  to- 
wards the  biisej  somewhat  glaucous  and 
downy  beneath.  Fruit  spiked.  Nut 
oblong.  Calyx  furrowed  concentrically. 
(Smith.)  A  large  evergreen  tree.  Nepal, 
in  varioua  places.  Height  50ft.  to  60 1'r,; 
in  England  a  half-hardy  Bhrub,  intro- 
duced in  1833. 
Leaves  evergreen,  rigid,  somewhat  silky 

beneath,  the  young  ones  very  silky.  Stipules 

linear,   hairy,  longer  than  the  footstalks, 

deciduous.      Mnle   flowers  in  pendulous. 


specimens  of  this  tree  in  the  Botanic  Oar- 
den  at  Kew,  which  are  found  to  be  deci- 
dedly hardier  than  the  plants  of  Q.  laniita 
ill  the  sanic  garden. 


Lxx.  coryla'ce*:  que'rcus-  889 

App-  i.     European  Kinds  of  Oaks  not  yet  introduced. 

Q.  ia^ea  Lam.  Q.  <rp- 
lopifolia  Wm.  {oar  fig.  1635. 
from  Bpecimen  in  the  Lin. 
HEcan  herbarium  .J  —  Lpbvm 
on   short    downy    footstalks, 

form  shallow  lobes ;  down; 
beneath  ;  somewhat  heart- 
shaped  and  unequal  at  the 
bnse.  Fruit  sesailt;.  {Simih.) 
Natiresof SpMiniuidthesoutfa  ^ 
of  France.  Introd.  IBIO. 

Q.  a-gi/upiJiJia  Pen.  Sjn, 
S.  p.  5T0.,  Q.  hbpaDica  B 
Lam.,  has  oval,  smuated,  end 
dentated  leaves,  the  teeth  of 

which  are  close  together  and  ,tu    ^.j^m^ 

almost  obtuse  ;  green  above, 

and  downy  beneath.     The  Bcoms  are  pedunculated,  and  half-enclosed  in  a 
mnooth  cup.  The  bark  is  cracked,  hut  not  corky.     Native  of  Spain. 

Q.  Brossa  Bac,  Mem.  tar  lei  Ckine,,  p.  319,  (Chene  Brosse  al  Kantei ; 
Chene  nain  Bomimi)  bears  no  great  an  analogy  to  Q.  pyrenaica  (see  p.  853.). 
that,  according  to  Boac,  it  may  possibly  be  only  a  variety  of  that  specie*. 

Q.  mmnata'BQsc,  M^m.  sur  les  Chenes,  p.  316.  (Chene  Saule,  Chene 
Osier,  Chene  ite  Hai,  Ft.)  b  found  in  the  departments  in  the  £a»t  of  France. 
It  is  common  on  the  Jura,  and  on  the  mountains  of  the  Vosges.  It  seldom  grows 
higher  than  6  or  S  feet ;  with  a  gre^  bark ;  leaves  resembling  those  of  Q.  pe- 
dunculfkta,  but  much  imaller,  of  a  bnghter  green,  and  always  very  smooth. 

Q.  itpern  Bosc,  Mim.  but  lea  Chenes,  p.  328,  (le  ChSne  Spre,  Fr.)  has  the 
leaves  petioted,  coriaceous,  of  a  mediuoi  size,  elongated  irregularly,  but  not  deeply 
lobed ;  the  lobes  broad,  pointed,  and  mucronnted.  The  upper  Burface  of  the 
leaf  is  studded  with  small  tubercles,  beset  with  stilfbristle-hKe  hiurs  disposed 
in  stars,  which  are  very  rough  to  the  touch ;  the  under  surface  is  downy.  This 
species  does  not  attain  any  great  height. 

Chene  Lherimen  Bosc,  M^ro.  buT  les  Chenes,  p.  3S8.,  is  described  as  nearly 
allied  to  the  preceding  kmd. 

Chine  Cattillan  Bosc,  M£m.  suT  ies  Chenes,  p.  338.,  has  the  leaves  ova], 
pointed,  slightly  tomentose  beneath,  with  unequal  teeth,  each  terminated  by  a 
sharp  turned  up  point.  The  acorns  ere  borne  three  or  four  together  on  short 
peduncles.     Abundaot  on  the  sandy  mountains  of  Old  Castile. 


Q.  lusitfinica  Lamh.  (our  Jig.  1636.),  «.  prisina  Pert,  (oar  fig.  1637.),  Q, 
calycina  Poir.,  Q.  expanse  Pair.,  Q.  rotimdirdlia  Lam.,  and  Q.  humilis  tioat., 
are  described  in  our  first  edition. 


890  AnBORETUH   £T   FRUTICETUH    BBtTAHNICUH. 

App.  ii.     Oah  of  Africa,  Asia  Mitutr,  tmd  Perna,  <mb/  partialhf 
introduced. 
Q-obticta  Pok.  Did.  Encjc   Suppl.   2.  p.  Sia,  N.  Du  Ham.  7.  p.  163. 
—  A  very  doubtful  species, 

Q.  nfiddria  Oliv.   Voj.  dans  I'Emp.  Oltom. 
I.  p.  253.  t.  14.    Q.  mri^nsia  WUM. ;  Ch£ne^ 
Guiles,  Ft.  j   Fiirber  Eichc.   Ger.      (Our  J!ni. 
163S.  and  1639.  ;  the  GtBt  from  Olivier,  Md  the  ^ 
second  from  Du  Hamel.) — Leaves  oTUe-oblnng,  ^ 
,   very  smooth  on  both  sides, 
deeply  toothed,  somewhat 
ginuated,  deciduous.    Fruit 
i'  sessile ;  ripen'ing  the  KecQnd 
year.      Calyx    tessellated. 
Nut  elongated,  nearly  cy- 
lindrical. (^Sm.)    A  deddu- 
^__  ou)   shrub.      Turkey   and 

icM.  9.infccti«.-         Greece,  and  the  North  of  '«•-  »  •-'—»- 

Africa.     Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.     Introduced  ?. 

The  leaves  are  about  1  or  1|  inches  long,  briglu  green,  smooth  on  botk 
sides,  but  paler  beneath  ;  their  serraturcs  are  deep  and  broad,  not  acutdy 
pointed.  Pruit  solitary,  nearly  sessile.  Cup  slightly  downy ;  its  scales  oot 
very  distinct.  Acorn  two  or  three  tjmes  longer  than  the  cup.  smooth,  newly 
cylindricaL  Olivier  observes  that  this  plant,  besides  producing  the  galli  ol 
commerce,  bears  a  number  of  different  kinds  of  this  , 
excrescence,  which  we  neglected  as  useless.  The  de- 
scription and  figures  of  these  galls,  and  of  the  insects 
which  rouse  their  production,  are  in  our  first  edition. 

Q.  Libini  OSv.  t.  +9.  f.  8.  (our  &.  1640.),  Q.  rf^da  » 
Wm.  0^.2104.  in  p.  1110.),  Q.  ibirica  Sln>.,  Q.  caa- 
Uneseldlia  C.  A.  Meyer  (Plants  Caapico-Caucasics,  1. 
p.  9.  t.  1.  ;  and  ourj^.  1641.},  end  Q.  mongdlica  flitcl. 
are  described  in  our  first  edition. 

Q.  mannifera  Lindl  BoL  Reg.  Chron.,  1840,  No.  72, 
and  also  Q.  mongdlica,  appear  to  be  nothing  more  than 
varieties  of  Q.  sesailifidra.  The  latter  produces  the  Koor- 
distan  manna,  a  sweet  glutinous  substance,  which  ooies  " ' 

from  the  upper  sui-bce  of  the  leaves  during  the  hottest  months 
(See  Penm/  Ci/c,  art.  Quercus,  p.  215.  ;  and  Q.  sessiliflora,  in  oi 


LXX.    CORVLAVEf:    QUE'rCUS.  Qtil 

Q,  regia  Lindl.  Bot.  Jleg.  Chron.  1640,  No.  73..  hta  the  general  appesr- 
ance  of  a  sweec  chestnut  t  but,  being  described  from  imperfect  BpecimeiiB,  very 
little  can  be  aoid  about  it  with  certainty.     Native  of  Koordistao. 

Q.  BrdrUii  LmdI.  Bot.  H^.  Chron.  1840,  No.  74.,  ^ipeara  to  be  nearly 
allied  to  Q.  /'lex.  Named  after  Mr.  Brant,  the  discoTerer,  and  it  b  hoped  that 
acorns  will  soon  be  introduced. 

App.  iii.    Hxmaiayan  Oaka  only  partudly  introduced. 

It  is  obserred  by  Dr.  Royle,  that  the  Htmalayan  oaks  vary  much  in  appear- 
ance, and  that,  in  alt  probability,  the  number  of  kinds  at  present  enumerated 
as  species  will  hercafler  undergo  "  some  reduction."  It  bas  also  been  sug- 
gested to  UB  by  Professor  Don,  that  several  of  the  Nepal  and  Japan  oaks  de- 
scribed by  authors  under  different  names  are  probably  (be  same.  As  seeds  of 
every  kilid  arc  conatantly  received  from  the  Himnlayaa,  some  of  these  kinds 
may  be  already  in  the  country,  and  probably  the  whole  wili  be  soon  obtwned. 

Q.  sf»cdla  Smith  in  Reea's  Cycl.  No.  IS.  Q.  squamlta  Roi.  Hort.  Seng. 
p.  68.  J  Q.  A'rcula  Ham.  M88.    (Wallich  PI.  As.  Rar.  AsiaL,  t.  46.  j  and  our 


fig.  1648.)  —  Leaves  elliptic -lanceolate,  quite  entire,  very  sharply  pointed; 
acute  at  the  base,  apmetimes  obtuse  ;  smooth.  One  of  the  largest,  as  well  a* 
the  commonest,  sorts  of  oak  io  Nq>al,  where  it  attains  the  most  gigantic  size. 
The  wood  is  exceedingly  like  the  English  oak  in  colour,  and  most  probably 


S9i  ARBOHETDH    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

equals  it  in  other  respects ;  but  the  mountaineen  do  not  esteem  it  inncfa, 
OHing.  as  they  aay,  tn  Its  speedy  decay;  a  circumstance  attributable  no  doobl 
to  theit  employing  it  in  its  green  state.  A  Bimilar  prejudice  preyaila  to  thM 
country  against  the  other  species.  Female  (lowers  on  &  sepamte  tree  [pro- 
bably uccidentally],  crowded  3  together  in  sessile  groups  along  the  ip^et 
Acorns  eatable,  but  not  v^ry  good  ;  the  size  and  shape  of  a  large  filbert,  even- 
pointed,  dark  brown ;  their  cups  short,  scaly.  (SmitA,^ 


Q.  obtiisirdlia  D.  iJoo.  (I.  grandifolia  O.  Don  (Lamb.  Gen.  Pin.,  2.  i.  &; 
and  our;^.  1643.),  and  Q.  velutlna  LmdI.  (Wall.  PI.  As.  Rer..  t.  lAO. :  and  o« 
j!g.  I64d.)  ure  described 
in  our  first  edition. 

Q.  lamellota  Smith. 
Q.  imbricata  Ham. 
MSS.,  I).  Don  Prod. 
Ft.  Ncp.  p.  57.  (WalL  ■ 
PI.  As.  Rar.,  t.  149.  } 
onr  j^.  1644.)— Leaves 
elliptic  or  ovate,  ser- 
rated,    flat,     glabrous, 

acute,    on     long    Toot-  i 

stalks  ;  obtuse  at  the 
base  i  glaucous  beneath  ; 
the  veins  continued  to 
the  serratures  ;  veinlets 
raised.  Cups  solitary, 
sessile,  depressed,  and 
downy  ;  composed  of 
scales  forming  loosely 
imbricated,  undulated, 
concentric  layers,  which 
surround  the  nut.     Nut 

tomentose,   bossed,  de.  t  __ 

pressed,    shorter    than  "^'-  '■ ''   '""■ 

the  cup.  (Liadl,  MSS„  as  quoted  by  Wallich.)     A  natire  of  tbe  m 
of  Nepal ;  ripening  its  fruit  towards  the  end  of  the  year. 


XX.  coRVLACE^:  (jue'rcuk 


;   BDtlourT^.  I61C.) 

App.  iv.  Oah  of  Japan,  Cochin-Chitia,  and  China,  most  ofwkidi 
have  not  yet  been  introduced. 
Q.  glabra  Thunb.  — Sieboldt  states 
that  tbis  oak  bears  clipping,  on  which 
account  it  is  very  commonly  found 
round  places  of  worship  and  in  gar- 
dens, whure  it  is  cut  into  the  form  of 
pyramids,  globes,  and  other  ligures.  In 
garden  scenery,  in  Japan,  where  the 
Kcometrical  style  is  imitated,  this  oak 
IS  used  as  the  beech  and  the  hawthorn 


trodiiced  to  the  Leyden  Botanic  Garden 
in  1630.  and  found  there  quite  hardy, 
(Sfri.  Ft.  Jap.,  p.  9.) 

Q.  concfntrica  Lour.  ;  Q.  acuta 
T^mii.;  Q.  aerritta  73  unj ,  in  trod.  1837 1 
Q.  ^uca  l^unb.  -,  Q.  cnspidata  Thunb. 
(Sieb,  Fl.  Jap.,  t.  2  ;  and  our  Jig. 
1647.) ;  Q.  dentata  77iuni.,  hills  of  Ja- 
pan 1  Q.  obovBta  Bunge,  end  Q.  chin^n- 
sia  Sunge,  are  described  in  our  first  ed.  | 

Bunge  observed  a  third  species  on  the 

mountabs  of  Pan-Schan,  very  similar  to  

Q.  mone61ica  ^uci.  i„;.  ^_^„^u^ 

App.  V,    Oah  of  Java,  Sumatra,  and  the  Molucca  hies,  not  yet 

introduced, 

Q.  nmdaica  Bluroe  Fl.  3vi.  t.  2.  and  3.,  and  our^i.  ie4a  and  1640.     The 


ARBORETUU    ET    PBUTICETUM    BBITAHNICUH. 


Sunda  Oak. — -Leaves  elliptic,  acuminate;  narrowed  towards  the  base ;  glabnioi 
above,  sornewliat  glaucous  beneath  ;  veins  covered  with  down.  Catkins  soli- 
tary. A  tree,  attHining  the  height  or  80(1.  and  upwards,  with  imooth  bark. 
It  is  not  iinfre<|uent  in  the  woods  of  Western  Java,  in  low  grouadi,  uid  oo 
the  bankn  of  rivers. 

Q.  pi-uinoja  Bhime  F).  Jav.  t,  t.;  and  ourj^.  16S0.  The  frotty  Oak. — 
Leaves  ovate  or  oval-obtong,  acuminate;  roundish  at  the  base.  Bnmcfalen 
and  leaves  eovered  beneath  with  small  j^ellowish  scales.  Fniit  aggr^~~  ~ 
short  spikes.  Cup  concave,  covered  with  small  scales,  Nuts  roniiclisn 
A  beautiful  tree,  from  50ft.  to  60  ft.  high,  with  a  thick  barfc. 


Q.  mimatala  Blumc  Fl.  Jav.  t.  7.  (  and  our^.  1S5I.  The  ovrvfiJtixi 
Oak. — Leaves  oblong,  lanceolate ;  acute  at  each  end ;  shining  above,  fliocoai 
beneath.  Cutkina  axillary,  terminal,  elongated,  Cupi  flullish,  nx^  ■'jtk 
small  scales.  Nuts  roundish-ovate.  A  large  spreading  tree,  Soft,  high,  whh 
compact  wood.  Common  in  the  mountains  ot  Oed^  at  dentions  of  WOP 
and  5000  feet.  (B/ww.> 


Lxx.  coryla'ces:  coe'rcus.  MS 

Q.  pdOda  Blume 
Fl.  Jav.  t.  4.  and  5. ; 
and  our  /gi.  1652. 
and  1653.  The  pule 
Oak. —  Leaves  oval- 
oblong,  very  much 
pointed ;  acute  at  the 
base,  quite  entire  ;  i 
glabroua  ;pale-colour-r 
ed  beneath.  Catkins  ^ 
terminal,  ditecious  ; 
the  male  catkins 
branched,  fBBlij;iate  i 
the  feaiale  ones  sim- 
ple. A  tree,  (rota 
50  ft.  to  60  fi.  high  1 
flowering  in  June  and 
July.  Found  near  the 

Tjibamim,     in     the 
mountains  or Ged£.  (B!ume.) 

Q.  c«/o/a  Blume  Fl,  Jav,  t.  13, 14,;  and  our^».  1654.  and  \65S.d,f.  The 
tibbed-cupped  Ouk. — Leaves  oblong,  ecuniinate  ;  acute  at  the  base ;  glabrous  j 
glaucous  beneath.  Catkina  branched.  Fruit  pedunclcd.  Nuts  Sat  above, 
round  beneath,  immeraed  in  the  cup.  Cups  without  teeth,  surrounded  b; 
circular  ribs,  A  tree,  70  ft.  high,  found  in  mountainous  places.  It  is  easily 
distiDguiehed  from  all  the  others  by  the  singular  Torm  of  its  cup. 

(i.  Totundala  Biume  Fl.  Jav.  L  11.  i  and  our^.  1655.  The  Tound-fhdled 
Oak. — Leaves  oblone,  acuminale ;  attenuated  at  the  base  ;  Glabrous ;  glaucous 
beneath.    Fruit  in  short  one-»ded  spikes.    Cups  hemispherical,  sca^  at  the 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


mai^in,  but  without  teeth  at  the  base.  Nuts  plano-convex  on  iheiruppff 
pan,  rounded  beneath.  A  tree,  70  ft.  high,  with  compact  heavy  wood  It 
is  found  on  high  mountains,  and  flowers  in  August.  {Blunu,) 

Q.  Hegans  Blume  Fl.  Jav.  t.  10, ;  and  a^afig.  1656.  The  elcgarl  Oat- 
Leaves  obovate,  or  oval-oblong,  bluntly  acuminate,  narrowed  in  the  petiolt 
glabrous.  Fruit  in  long  spikes.  A  magnificent  tree,  with  a  thick  mint 
frequently  attaining  the  height  of  60  ft.  A  native  of  the  woods  of  the 
province  of  Bantam,  and  in  mountainous  places.  {Blume^ 

(^. placeularia  Blume  Fl.  Jav.  t.  9.;  and  our^^f.  1657.  a,  i,  ^-  "^ 
■p\3,c^n\3i'cupped  Oak,— Leaves  ovate-oblong,  bluntly  acuminate;  roundidi 
at  the  base;  coriaceous,  glabrous.  Fruit  in  clusters.  Cup  covered  wiihsma" 
tubercles.  Nuts  roundish,  depressed.  A  tree,  about  40  ft.  high,  fouod  on 
the  volcanic  mountain  of  Ced^  at  an  elevation  of  6000  ft.  The  *^  >* 
rarely  used,  although  very  hard,  and  capable  of  lakinga  fine  polish.  [Bl*"') 

Q.^/a^/rr/OTaBlumeFl.Jav.t.S. ;  and  our_/fj.  1659.— Introduced  in 'Sj7. 

Q.  platycdrpa  Blume  Fl.  Jav,  1 15. ;  and  our^.  1660.    The  broad-fwiicd 


LXX.  cobylacejb:  qub'rcus. 


Ottk.  —  Leaves  oral -oblong,  acute  ;  soniewhat  wedge-shnned  at  the  base;  gla- 
brous ;  (hining  above,  glnucoua  beneath.  Fruit  p«duncled,  in  short  spikes. 
Cupii  surrounded  beneath  by  hollow  rings.  Nuts  round,  depressed.  A  large 
tree,  a  native  or  the  woods  b  the  south  of  the  province  of  Bantain.  (Blume.) 
Q.  daplmmca  Blume  F.  im.  t.  16.  i  and  our  fig.  1660.      The  Daphtie- 


898  ARBORETUM    ET  KRUTICETUH  BRlTAHNICUtf. 

like  Oak. — Leaves  oblong-lanceolate ;  iharp  at  both  ends.  c|iiite  entire,  BmoMb; 
somewhat  glaucous  beneath.  Fruit  in  long  slender  catkina,  almost  solhart. 
Cups  EuiTDundeil  by  concentric  rows  of  tubercles.  Nuts  ovate,  aharp-pointeil. 
A  tall  tree,  a  native  of  Bantaiti.  (^Blvme.) 

Q,  racem5sa  Hooi.  in  Comp.  B.  Mag^  Q.  gemellifldra  Blume  fl.  Jar.  L  17. 
(our^.  Ifi62.>.  Q.  indiita  B/ujm  Fl.  Jav.  U  12.  (our^.  1663. J,  Q.  uiMtriaris 
Hodi.,  and  Q.  Pteitdo-niolucca  Blume  Fl.  Jae.  t 
fig.  16Si.),  are  described  in  our  first  edition. 


^■*J"» 


Q.  moll^ca  Lin.  Sp.  PI.  HIS.,  Willd.  No.  11.,  N.  Du  Ham.  7.  a.  ]53. 
The  Molucca  Oak. —  Leaves  elliptic-lanceolate,  entire,  acute  at  ead  oi 
Miiooth.     Nut  rounitish,  fumiwed,  (Smith.) 

Q.  hirbindla  Blume  Fl.  Jav.  t.  18.  ;  and  our/??- 

1665.  The  toB-aiaped-aipped  Oak, — Leaves  oblong- 
lanceolate,  adaip  at  both  ends,  sharply  serratnl 
towards  the  apex,  glabrous.  Cups  top-shaped.  A 
kwidwme  tree,  (Vom  40  ft.  to  50  Tt.  high  ;  found  on 
the  mountain  of  Salak.  It  is  nearly  allied  to  Q. 
glaiica  Thunb. ;  but  the  leaves  are  broader,  lets 
acute  at  the  base,  and  not  glaucous  beneath. 
(Bltme.)  The  acorns  are  of  a  very  singular  shape, 
and  are  enclosed  in  the  cup. 

Q.  Hmdla  Blume  Fl.  Jav.  t.  19.  ;  and  our  Jtg. 

1666,  The  parallel- veined  Oak.  —  Leave*  oblong- 
lanceolate,  sharp  at  both  ends,  serrated  or  entire ; 
glabrous  above,  glaucous  and  downy  beneath.  Nuts 
small,  Ecarcciy  reaching  a  line  above  the  cup  ;  j 
crowned  at  the  tip  by  a  long  umbo,  A  large  tree, 
attaining  the  height  olSOft.  and  upwards.  Anative 
of  the  west  of  Java,  in  woods,  at   elevations   of 

5000  ft.  to  6000  ft.  (Blume.)  «•».».■.*» 

Many  of  the  above  species  would  doubtless  prove  hardy  in  the  clunalerf 


App  vi.     Mexican  Oaks  only  partially  introdaetd. 

Acorns  of  many  kinds  of  Mexican  oaks  have  lately  been  sent  hamt  by 
Hartweg,  and  other  botanical  collectors,  so  that  there  can  be  no  doubt  tii« 
several  of  the  species  enumerated  above  are  already  in  the  country. 

fi-ialapiruu  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI,  iBqiuo.  t.  75.  (our^.  1667.>— lnin>- 
duced  in  1837.     Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 


LXZ.    CORVLA  CEX  :    QUE  RCUS. 


Q.  glauciicnu  Rumb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  JBqub.  t.  78.,  and  oui  M  16G8., 
Michx.  N.  Amer.  Sjl.  p.  111.  —  Leave*  on  ehort  firotstalks,  wedge-Ehaped, 
oboTBte  ;  entire  at  the  base  ;  ali^[lj|  repand  ud  toothed  towards  the  top  ; 
glaucous,  and  quite  glabrous.  Fruit  racemose.  (^Humb.  el  Bonp.)  A  very 
tali  straight  tree,  quite  glabrous  ;  younger  branches  angular.  Introduced  in 
1639.     Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

Q.  oBhitiita  Humb.  ct  Bonp.  PI.  .£auin.  t.  78.,  and  our  J!g.  1669..  Michx. 
Ti.  Amer.  SjL  1.  p.  112.  —  Leaves  oblong;  blunt  at  each  end,  unequal  at  the 
base,  wavy  at  the  margin,  very  veiny  beneath,  and  somewhat  downy.  Fruit 
l-acemose.  (^Htnab.  el  Bonp.)  A  native  of  Nen  Spain,  near  Ario,  nt  an 
elevation  of  about  6000  ft.  (994  tolsea).  A  lofty  tree,  with  a  trunk  from  3  ft. 
to  4  ft.  in  diameter,  covered  with  a  very  thick  deeply  cracked  bark. 


t.  77.,  and  our^i.  1670.  and 


900 


ARBORETUM   ET    7RUTICETUH   BRITANNICUH. 


and  1671.,  Michi.  V.  Amer.  Syl.  l.p.  111. — Leaves  oval- 
oblong,  somewhat  fiddle^baped  i  acute  at  the  point,  un- 
equally cordate  at  the  base,  wavy  and  slightly  sinuate  on 
the  margin,  downy  benenth.  Fruit  racemose,  (Hamb.  et 
Bonp.)  Found  in  the  same  habitat  aa  the  preceding, 
tree,  Trom  18  ft.  to  2i  ft  high. 

Q.  repanda  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  .^uin,  t.  79„  and 
/ig.  1672.,  Michx.  N.  Amer.  Syl.  1.  p.  108.— Leaves  oblong- 
oval,  on  short  footstalliB  1  downy  beneath,  elabroua  above  ; 

'         '  Fruit  racemose.  (Huwii.  et  Bonp.) 


t.  80.,  and  our  Jtg.  1673., 


Q.  ]airina  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  .£quin. 
N.  Amer.  Syl.  I.  p.  108.  —  Leaves  oval-lanceolate,  sharply  acun 
clabrous :  some  are  a  little  3-pointed  at  the  tip.   Fruit  asiUary,  almost  x 
(Humb,  et  Bonp.)     A  tdl  tree,  with  the  habit  of  Laima  n6bilis. 


yi 


Q.  4i(Ur6xt/la   Humb.  et  Bonp.   PI.  .£quin.  t.  95.,  and  oar  J(g-iSH  — 
Inttoduced  in  1639.    HorUcultuni]  Society'ii  Garden. 


Lxx.  CORYLA^CEA :  que'rcus.  90! 

Q.  meiicAia  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PL  JBqinn.  I.  B2„  and  our  J^.  1875.—  In 
troduced  u  1839.     HorticuhuTal  Sodet/s  Garden. 

Q.  erauipei  Uumb,  et  Bonp.  PI.  £qum.  L  83.,  and  our  J!g.  1676.- 
Introduced  in  18S9.    Horticultural  Societ/a  Qwden. 


Q.  eriMiipa  anguttifolia  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  JE^ia.  t.  84.,  and  our 
1677.,  diflers  from  Q,  aiampm  in  the  leavei  being  narrowed,  and  i 
diiniiiished  Cowards  the  point.     Found,  along  with  Q.  criasipet,  near  Ario. 

(i.  lanceolala  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  £quia.  t81.,and  OUT  J^.  1678.,  Hichx. 
N.  Aner.  SyL  1.  p.  107.  —  Leave* 
lanceolate,  quite  entire,  wavj;  the 
ucila  of  tbe  vein*  bearded  twneatb; 


902  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

shining  above.  Fruit  sessile.  Scales  of  the  cup  turned  backwartla.  (^Hnmi. 
el  Bonp.)     A  tree,  from  30  ft.  to  40  ft.  hleh. 

Q.  rtliculdla  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  ^uio.  t.  S6.,  and  our^.  1679.— 
Introduced  in  )S39.     Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

Q.  chrytophylla  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  £quin.  t.  87.,  end  our  Jig.  1680., 
Michi.  K.  Amer.  Syl.  1 .  p.  103.  —  Leaves  oblong ;  obtuse  at  the  base,  3 — y 
pointed  at  the  apei ;  yellow  beneath.  Female  flowers  in  many-flowend 
pedunculated  clusters.  (Humb.  el  Bonp.)  A  tall  tree  ;  younger  bnnches 
fijrrowed,  as  if  with  a  powdery  down. 


Q.  pukhilla  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  McKoa.  t.  B8.,  and  our  j^.  1681.,  BSdn. 
N.  Amer.  Svl.  I.  p.  110.  —  Leaves  oblong,  obtuse ;  enurginate  at  the  base; 
covered  wiih  white  down  beneath  ;  teeth  short,  mocronate.  Fruit  mesmk, 
almost  solitary    (Hamb.  el  Bonp.) 

Q.  tpicdta  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI. 
£quin.  t.  89.,  and  our  fig.  1683.  — 
Introduced  in  1639.   H.S.Gttrd. 


V.  tt^/erii  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  .fiquin.  t.  90.,  and  our  fig.  1688,  Mii»i. 
H.  Amer.  Syl.  I.  p.  109.  — Leaves  obovate,  shitfply  toothed  towanb  the 


LXX.    CWRYLA  CE*  :    QVEB 


903 


poiat ;   teeth  terminated  bj  mucroa ;   coreied  on  the  under  nirbce  with 
woolly  tomcntnm.    Stipules  peniatent.    Fruit  seisile,  alimxt  aolitBT)'.  {Huab. 
el  Boitp.')     A  tree,  about  50  ft.  high.     A  natiTe  of  the  mouDlaina  of  Mexico, 
near  Actopan ;  forming  entire  foreata,  at  an  elevation  of  TOOO  ft.  (1330  toides). 
Q.  crtttiijolia   Humb.  et  Bonp.   PI.  .£quin.   t.  91.,   and  our  fig.  1685., 
Hichi.  N.  Amer.  Syl.  1.  p.  110, — Leavea  wedge-«haped,  obovate;  emarginate 
at   the  base,   remotely   toothed,  repand ; 
downy  beneath.    Peduncle*  short,  bearing 
I — 3  acorns.  (Humb.  el  Soup.)     A  tree, 
from  40  ft.  to  50  ft.  high.      A  natiTC  of 
New  Spain,  near  Cbilpancingo. 


I 


Q.  depretta  Hurab.  et  Bonp. 
N.  Amer.  Syl.  1.  p.  108.-  „         .  . 

nste ;  dentate,  evergreen,  quite  glabroiu.     Fniit  nearly  senile,  and  solitary. 
(  Huiab.  el  Bonp.)     An  evergreen  ahrub,  from  1  fl.  to  S  ft.  high. 

Q.  aiabigua  Uumb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  jEquin.   t.  93.,  and  out  Jig.  1686^  Michn. 

N.  Auier.  Syl.  1.  p.  111. — Leaves  oblong.«bovate,  wavy;  obtuse  at  the  base: 

reticulatel^  veined  beneath,  somewhat  hairy. 

Female  spike  pedunculated.  (Humb.et  Bonp.) 

A  tree.  40  ft.  high. 


\ 


904  ARBORETUM    ET    FKUI'ICErUM    BKITAMNICUM. 

Q.  eot^tifilia  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  £quin.  t.  94.,  and  our^t.  1666.  *iiJ 
1687.,  Nlichx.  N.  Ajner.  Syl.  1.  p.  106.  —  Leaves  erergreen,  linear-Unccohie, 
mucronated,  rcrurved  at  the  margin,  quite  entire  ;  downy  beneath.  Frnt 
sessile.  (Hamb.  el  Bonp.)  An  evei^reen  slinib.  from  15  ft.  to  iOH.  hi^.  A 
nntive  of  the  teni{>erate  and  mounluinous  rej^ons  of  New  Spain,  between  the 
town  or QuuiiBJiialB  anil  Santa  Rosa.     Introdueed  in  IB37. 

Q.  Iridmi  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  ^uin,  t.  96.,  and  our  ^.1689.,   Mk-hi. 
N.  Amer.  Sjl.  I.  p.  107. — Leaves  oblong,  retuse  at  the  base,  geDenJIf  bn*ia 
(owards  the  apei,  3-(leniate  ;   teeth  terminated  by  bristly  points  j   down; 
beneath.    Spikes  of  female  flow- 
ers almost    sessile.     (Hu»i6.   ct 
Bonp.}      A  shrub,  about   10  fi. 
high,  with  round  smooth  branches. 
A  native  of  New  S[>ain,  and  com- 
mon in  the  vicinity  of  Morua. 


Q.  aeuHJoHa  Willd.,  Humb.  et  Boup.  PI.  ^f^uin.  t.  95.,  and  our;^.  i«i 
—Introduced  in  1639.     Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

Q.  elliptica  fViUd.,  Q.  mucronita  WUM.,  Q.  louientosa  IVOU^  Q.  er 
cinata  Wiild.,  Q.  splfndens  IViiM.,  Q.  lugim 
mUd.  (Jig.  1691.),  Q.  inacrophjHIa  Willd., 
Q.  diTersifdia  IVilld.,  Q.  csndicans  WUld.,  Q. 
jnicrojihylla  tfiW.,  Q.  lobata  WiUd.,  d  mag- 
aoVa/S/ia  Willd,  Q.  liitea  WUld.,  and  Q.  , 
lalicilolia  IViUd.,  are  described  in  our  first 
edition. 

Q.  litKpolia  Cham,  et  Schlect.  Linnca  v.  Si 
p.  79.  —  Leaves  smooth,  narrow,  oblongJan-  "^ 
ceolate,  serrate,  dentaie,  subcoriaceous,  fea* 
iher-nerved.      Fruit   sessile.      Capsule   sub- 
hem  ispherlcal.      Nut  conoid.      Leaves  3  in. 
to   6  in.  long.      Found  near  Mollino  de   la  ,_,"  .  „^, 

Pedreguera,     Introduced  in  1839.     H.  8, 

Q.petiol«rit  Benth,  Plant.  Harts^.  No.  420.  —  Leaves  oWm*  mW. 
entire ;  woolly  beneath.  Fruit  sub-scisile,  aiib^ilitary.  Lw»a  betwecB 
8  in.  and  3  in.  long.  A  tree,  4011.  Iiigh.  Found  on  hiLs  near  HiuKa.  Id- 
trodnced  in  1839.     Horticultural  Society's  Gaixten. 

(j.  dvsoph^lla  fin/A.  Plant.  Hariweg.  No. +21.,  Q.  ^iomo  Ibid.  So.  4(1, 
Q.  barbinervis  Ibid.  No.  487.,  Q.  glabrescens  llad.  No.  488.,  Q-  Hanwep 
Ibid.  No.  438.,  and  some  others,  have  been  discovered  by  Han«eg,  "b»  I"* 
sent  home  speclmeasof  all,  andacoms  of  some,  (o  the  Horticultural  Sadct;. 


LXX.    CORYLA^C££:   FAMOUS.  905 

Genus  II. 


i<*A^GUS  L,     The  Beech.    L'm.  Sysi.  Monce'cia  Poly&ndria. 

identiflcaiwii.    Lfai.  Gen.,  No.  1073. ;  WiUd.  Sp.  PI..  1694. ;  N.  Du  Ham..  3.  p.  79. 

Sjfmmjfmes.    According  to  Bauhfn,  the  Fagut  or  the  Romani,  and  the  Oxua  of  the  Greeki ;  Ckitilnea 

Toum.  35S. ;  H^re,  Fr. ;  Buche.  Ger. ;  Beuke,  Dutch ;  Bog,  Dan. ;  Bolt,  Swed, ;  Buk,  Suss. 

and  Pol.  I  Fagglo,  lia/. ;  Haya.  Span. ;  Faya,  Port. 
Derimation.    From  phago^  to  eat  j  because  the  nut*  were  oaed  ai  food  In  the  early  agea. 

Gen,  Char^  S^c.  MeUe  flowers  in  stalked  drooping  heads  or  capitate  catkins, 
3  or  4  in  each,  attended  by  minute  deciduous  bractcas.  Each  flower 
consists  of  a  & — 6-cleft  bell-shaped  calyx,  and  8^  12  btamen^,  that  arise  from 
the  bottom  of  the  calyx,  and  extend  beyond  its  mouth.  —  Femtile  flowers 
borne  2 — 6  together,  within  a  pitcher-shaped  indistinctly  4-Iobed  involucre, 
constituted  of  numerous  unequal  bracteal  scales,  and  interior  scales,  grown 
together.  Each  flower  consists  of  a  calyx,  lengthened  into  a  laciniate  limb, 
and  investing  the  ovary.     Fntit  nuts.  (&.  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous,  rarely  evergreen ;  entire  or 
serrated,  feather-veined,  plaited  in  the  bud.  Flowers  whitish  yellow.  FntU 
covered  with  a  hairy  calyx. — Trees  large,  deciduous,  handsome,  and  some 
evergreen  shrubs  ;  natives  of  the  colder  parts  of  Eiu'ope,  North  and  South 
America,  and  Australia. 

A.  Cvpuie  muricate^  capsu/iform.     Ovaries  included.     Young  leaves  plicate. 
Natives  of  Europe,  and  of  North  and  South  America. 

•a.  Species  in  Cultivation  in  British  Gardens, 

1  }.  F,  svlva'tica  L,     The  Wood,  or  common.  Beech. 

Identification.    Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  1416. ;  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  16S  «  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  3.  p.  411. 

Sf^mmpmes.    Castinea  Agtu  Scop.  Cam.  No.  1188.  ;  fHgus  Bank.  Pirn.  419.  F.  sylv^stris  Miekx.  N. 

Amer.  3.  t.  107.  Ozya,  Greeki  Fagui,  Lot. ;  Hitre  commun,  Fr. ;  gemeine  Buche,  Ger. ;  Rood- 

beuke,  Dutch. 
Engravings.    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  1846. ;  N.  Da  Ham.,  t.  94. ;  the  plate  of  thli  tree  in  Arb.  Brit.  Itt  edit. 

voL  vili.  and  <mrjlg.  16M. 

Spec,  Char.,  S^c,  Leaves  ovate,  glabrous,  obsoletely  dentate  ;  ciliate  on  their 
margins.  {Wil/d.)  A  large  deciduous  tree.  Various  parts  of  Europe  ; 
and  one  variety  in  North  America.  Height  60  ft.  to  100  ft.  Flowers 
brownish  ;  May.     Nut  brown  ;  ripe  in  October. 

Varietirs. 

Y  P.  1.  2  purpurea  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  v.  p.  297.  F,  s.  2  iitro-rubens  Du 
Roi  I  Hetre  noir,  Fr. ;  the  purple  Beech.  —  The  buds  and  young 
shoots  are  of  a  rose  colour  :  the  leaves,  when  half-developed,  of  a 
cherry  red ;  and,  when  fully  matured,  at  midsummer,  of  so  dark 
a  purple  as  to  appear  almost  black.  The  bark,  i\ot  only  of  the 
young  shoots,  but  even  of  the  old  wood  and  of  the  trunk  of  the 
tree,  partakes  strongly  of  the  same  dark  colour  as  the  leaves. 

If  F.  *.  3  cuprea  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  The  copper-coloured  Beech. — 
A  sub-variety  of  F,  s.  purpurea.  Young  shoots  and  leaves  of  a  paler 
colour  than  those  of  the  purple  beech.  It  makes  a  splendid  ap- 
pearance in  the  sunshine,  and  when  the  leaves  are  gently  ruffled  with 
the  wind  ;  but,  in  a  state  of  repose,  and  on  a  dark  cloudy  day,  it  can 
hardly  be  distinguished  from  the  common  green-leaved  beech. 

*P  F.  s.  ^  filns  variegdlis  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  —  The  leaves  variegated 
with  white  and  yellow,  interspersed  with  some  streaks  of  red  and 
purple.  This  variety  is  handsome  in  spring,  when  the  leaves  first 
make  their  appearance  ;  but,  in  the  course  of  the  summer,  their 
variegation  is  in  a  great  measure  lost,  and  the  leaves  assume  a  diit 


ET   FRUTICCIUH    BRITANNICUH. 

unhealthy  aspect.  There  are  also  varieties  with  the  leaves  strmed  or 
blotched  with  white  oaly,  and  others  with  only  golden-Ktnpad  lesTei. 
T  F. «.  5  heteroph^a.  F.  &.  Uciniata  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836  ;  F.  t.  as- 
plenifolia  Lodd.  Col.  ed.  1836  ;  F.  s.  incisa  Horl.  ;  F.  s.  lalicifolia 
HoH.  i  Hetre  a  Feuilles  de  Saule,  Ft.  ;  the  various,  or  cut,  Itaved 


Beech.  —  The  leaves  variously  cut,  eg  in  ^.  1 692.  j  lometiines  in 
narrow  shreds,  so  as  to  resemble  a  fern,  as  in  _/Sg.  1693. ;  sod,  U 
other  times,  in  shreds  of  greater  hreadlh,  like  the  leaves  of  a  willow. 
This  variety,  which  may  be  deagnated  as  more  curious  than  beauit- 
fiil,  i»  very  apt  to  return  to 
the  norraiil  form. 

t  F.  t.  6  critldta  Lodd.  Cat.  eJ. 
1836.  F.  ■.  cris|)a  Hori. ; 
Hetre  Crete  de  Coq.  Fr. ; 
the  crested,  or  curled-leaved  . 

Beech.     (The  plate  of  tbia  ,\jr^ 

tree  in  Arb.  Brit..  1st  edit., 
vol.  viii.  i  and  our^.  I6»+. ) 
—  This  variety  is  a  mon- 
strosity, vrMi  the  leaves 
small,  and  almost  ses^sile, 
and  crowded  into  small 
dense  Uxhv,  which  occur  at 
intervals  along  the  branches. 
The   tree   never   attains    a  | 

lar^e  size,  as  may   be   ex-  A 

peeted   from   its  deficiency  4w^»  jpo^vr     ..^A^ 

in  foliage.  "*  "^        ^^  «BV 

1  F. «.  7  pmrfufa  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  xJS^ 

1636.    Hetre  Parasol,  J^. !  V 

the  weeping  Beech. — When  \ 

this  variety  is  grafted  Stan-  » 

dard  high,  it  forms  a  very  »»«■  '.»."«™. 

singular  and  highlj'  beautiful  olgect,  well  deserving  a  |il»«  i" 
collections  of  weeping  trees.  There  is  a  splendid  natural  specimen 
in  one  of  the  plantations  bordering  Milton  Park,  in  Nortbajuptiw- 
ahire,  of  which  a  plate  ia  given  in  Arb.  Brit.,   1st  edit^  voL  viii. 


LXX.  Coryla'ceje:  Fa^gvs.  907 

1  P.  (.  8  amerieaHa.    F.  ajUestris   Michx.  N. 

Aiaer.   Syl.   t,  107.  j   *hiie   Beech,   Amcr, 

(Our  J^.   1605.}  —  Generally   considered 

t^  botaniata  as  idenciciil  wiih  the  cummon 

Huropcan  beech.      In   North  America,  it 

forms  one  of  the  tallest  and  most  mBJestic 

trees  of  the  fureat,  abounding  in  the  middle, 

western,    and     southern    states,    in   deep 

moist  soil,  and  in  a  ccrol  atmosphere.     The  i 

trunks  of  the  trees  are  frequeDtly  9  ft.,  9  ft.,  ' 

and  11  ft.  in  circumrerence,  and  more  than 

100  ft.  high.     The  tree  is  less  branchy  than 

F,  femiginea,  or  red   beech  of  America  ; 

and  the  perfect  wood   bears   but  a   small 

proportion  to  the  sap,  frequently  occupying         itsi.  p.  i-uiiBifUL 

only  3  in.  in  a  trunk  1  ft.  6  m.  in  diameter. 
The  Eutopean  beech  is  a  handsome  unibr^ceous  tree,  combining  magni- 
ficence with  beauty  ;  and  being,  as  Mathews  observes,  at  once  die  Hercules 
and  Adonis  of  our  sylva.  The  roots  do  not  descend  deeply  into  the  soil, 
but  extend  to  a  considerable  distance  close  under  the  surface.  The  rootlets 
and  fibres  are  not  nearly  so  numerous  as  in  the  ash  and  the  elm.  The  plants, 
under  nursery  culture,  do  not  grow  so  rapidly  as  those  of  the  ash  and  the 
ehn;  but,  under  favourable  circumstances,  they  will  attain  the  height  of 
10  ft.  in  S  vears,  and  20  or  35  feet  in  10  years.  In  ^neral,  the  tree  attams  its 
full  growth,  in  England,  in  60  or  60  ^rars,  when  it  is  fit  to  be  cut  down  for 
timber  purposes  ;  and,  on  good  soils,  it  is  more  than  doubtfiil  whether  it  will 
live  much  more  than  100  or  150  years.  The  wood,  which,  when  green,  b 
harder  than  that  of  any  of  our  British  timber  trees,  weighs,  when  in  this 
state,  65  lb.  13  o^-  per  cubic  foot ;  half-^lry,  it  weighs  56  lb.  6  ol.  ;  and  quite 
dry,  50  lb.  3  oz.  The  wood,  when  the  tree  has  grown  in  good  soil,  and  on 
plains,  has  a  somewhat  reddish  tinges  but  in  poor  soils,  and  on  mountains,  it 
IS  whitish.  The  durability  of  the  wood  is  said  to  be  increased  by  steeping 
it  in  waier  ;  and,  according  to  some,  by  disbaiking  [he  tree  while  standing. 
In  England,  at  the  present  time,  the  beech  is  principally  employed  in  making 
twdsteads  and  chairs ;  and  it  is  also  in  great  demand  for  panels  for  carriages,  and 
for  various  purposes  in  joinery,  cabinet-making,  and  tumerv.  Screws,  wooden 
shovels,  peels  for  bakers'  ovens,  and  rims  for  sieves,  are  also  made  of  it,  and 
in  France  sabots.  As  fuel,  the  wood  of  the  beech  is  superior  to  that  of  most 
other  trees,  and  the  green  wood  is  generally  preferred  to  that  which  is  dry,  be- 
cause it  bums  slower,  though  it  does  not  give  out  so  much  heat ;  and  hence, 
in  many  places  in  France,  the  tree  is  ftequenily  cut  down  in  the  summer 
season.  The  beech,  burnt  green,  produces  heat  and  light  relatively  to  the 
beech  burnt  dry,  as  1 181  is  to  1540.  For  useful  plantations,  the  beed)  is  not 
highly  prized  ;  the  tree  not  being  of  much  value  whtn  young,  nor  forming  a 
permanent  coppice  wood,  and  the  bark  being  of  little  value.  Beech  of  tn^ll 
size,  or  of  short  and  crooked  stem,  is  the  least  valuable  of  all  timber.  On  dry 
chalky  soils,  it  may  be  planted  as  a  timber  tree  ;  but  here,  as  in  many  other 
cases  where  a  straight  clean  trunk  is  wanted,  the  plants  require  to  be  drawn 
up,  either  by  other  trees  of  their  own  species,  or  by  trees  of  a  different  species, 
which  advance  at  nearly  the  some  rate  of  growth  ;  such,  for  example,  as  the 
Bweet  chestnut.  The  beech  succeeds  best  in  plantations  by  itself;  and, 
perhaps,  there  is  no  membranaceous-leaved  tree  which,  in  a  wild  state  in 
forests,  is  found  so  little  intermixed  with  other  species.  It  is  one  of  the 
worst  of  all  trees  for  hedgerows,  not  only  injuring  the  fence  and  the  adjoining 
crops  by  the  density  of  its  shade,  but  its  trunk,  when  grown  in  this  situation, 
being  neither  long,  clean,  nor  straight,  is  of  little  value  except  for  ftiel.  As 
unde^owth,  the  beech  is  not  of  long  duration,  seldom  pushing  from  the 
stools  after  40  or  50  jears.  For  hedgerows  for  shelter,  and  especially  for 
those  lofty  narrow  hedges  which  were  formerly  much  in  use  for  enclosine  anJ 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUH. 


sheltering  gardens,  orcliBrds,  and  sniull  fields  for  aSbrding  early  gnsi,  (he 
beech  has  no  e<;ual  among  deciduoiia  trees  ;  for,  as  Boutcher  obsems 
by  retaining  it«  withered  leaven  all  the  winter,  it  aflbrds  the  same  protects 
as  an  evergreen.     The  beech  will  grow  on  dry  k"-    '-  -'    '-  '      -  — ' 

and  chalk,  more  freely  than  most  other  trees  ; 
greatest  perrection  in  sandy  cilcarcoua  loam,  oi 
clay  or  rock.      The  most  magnificent  beeches  in 

on  the  private  estate  of  the  king.  I.ouia  Philippe,  where  the  son  a  s 
loam  on  chalk  rock.  The  species  is  always  raised  from  the  seeds  or  duQ. 
which  are  commonly  called  mast.  These  begin  to  drop  from  the  husks  in  ibe 
months  of  October  and  November  ;  and  this  process  may  be  accelerated  by 
shaking  the  tree.  The  nuts  mny  then  be  gathered  up,  and  dried  in  the  sua.  or  in 
an  airy  shed  or  loft ;  after  which,  they  may  be  mixed  with  sand  that  is  per- 
fectly dry,  at  the  rate  of  three  bushels  of  sand  to  one  of  mast.  By  Eoae, 
the  mast  is  spread  in  a  thin  stmtum  on  a  \oh  flour,  without  any  nand  : 
where  it  remains  till  the  following  spring,  being  occahionally  turned  om, 
and  being  covered  with  straw  to  exclude  the  frost.  The  mast,  from  whii^i  sa 
oil  is  made  in  France,  retiuns  its  vital  properties  for  one  year  only;  snl. 
therefore,  it  must  be  sown,  at  the  latest,  during  the  following  spring.  The 
common  time  is  from  the  beginning  of  March  till  the  i>eginning  of  April 
Autumn  might  be  adopted  fur  sowing,  were  it  not  that  the  nuts  are  grndSj 
sought  after,  through  the  winter,  by  mice  and  other  vermin.  The  soil  in  •hko 
the  null  are  sown  ought  always  to  be  light,  and  more  or  less  rich,  as  the  plants 
are  rather  tender  when  young.  They  msy  either  be  sown  in  beds  or  in  drills, 
with  the  usual  covering  of  soil,  being  about  I  in.  The  seeds  should  not  be 
nearer  to  one  another,  when  sown,  than  I  in.  Mast,  sown  in  the  witunin, 
will  come  up  in  April  ;  and  that  sown  in  Bpnng,  seldom  later  thin  the 
beginning  of  May.      The  rarietiea  are  propagated  by  layeni,  inarchiD^  or 


Lxx.  Coryla'ceje:  Fa^GVS.  909 

grsfiing.  When  the  latter  practice  is  adopted,  it  is  found  to  be  more  succeu- 
All  vben  (he  sdona  are  of  two  gears'  growth,  and  when  the  graft  ii  earthed  up 
in  the  munner  practised  with  the  grafts  of  American  oaks.     (See  p.  86^.) 


□i'hb*  Ait.     The  American  ferniginou!i-u>ooiW  Beech. 
Utn^paUfBiL    A<[.  Hart.  Ksw..  i.  p.  Ml.j  Mlcbi.  N.  Antr.,  1.  p.  1] . 
Sm,,<Ht,.     F.  UBirMna  \taKUi,  Da  Rol  UatU.l.  j.iei.i  red 

EittramtM.  MIchi.  N.  Amer.  Sjl.,  &  (.  1(6.  \  Vtat-  Amer.,  I.  S. 
tM.iu«lourA.  16». 

Spec.  Chiir.,  fe.  Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  thickly 
toothed  1  down;  beneath  j  ciliate  on  the  mai^n. 
(  WiUd.)  A  deciduous  tree,  to  much  resembling 
the  common  European  beech,  as  by  some  to  be 
considered  only  a  variety  of  it.  Konh  America. 
Height  4011.  to  60  ft.  Intrxlticed  in  1766,  and 
not  UDfrequent  in  collections. 

Varielia. 

y  ¥.  f.  2  coTolnaana.  F.  caroliniana  Lodd. 
Cat.  ed.  1836.  (Oar  j!g.  1697.)  —  Leaves 
somewhat  cordateBt  the  baaejOVBte,  slightly  '  '■■""' 

Bcuininate,  obsoletelj  dentate,  and  somewhat  mucronate.  The 
colour  is  a  very  dark  green,  somewhat  tinged  with  purple  when  fully 
mature.  The  veins  of  the  under  side  of  the  leaf  are  somewhat 
hoary.  Not  common  in  collections. 
^  F. /.  3  laHfiHa.  F.  latiBlia  of  Lee's  Nursery.  (Our  j%.  1699.)  — 
Leaves  lanceolate,  acumi- 
the 

longer  than  those  of  the 
preceding  variety  in  pro- 
portion to  their  breadth, 
and  of  a  lighter  green. 


y 


The  American  beech  is  easily  known  from  the  European  one  by  its  much 
shorter  obtusely  pointed  buds,  with  short,  roundish,  convex  scales,  which  ter- 
minate almost  abruptly,  and  are  enclosed  in  numerous,  short,  loose  scales. 
Its  leaves  are  equally  brilliant  with  those  of  the  white  or  European  beech,  a 
little  larger  and  thicker,  and  more  deeply  serrated.  Its  fruit  is  of  the  same 
fbmi,  but  only  half  as  large;  while  the  prickles  of  its  calyx  are  leas  nu- 
nierou*,  but  firmer.  The  wood  ia  somewhat  red,  or  of  a  rusty  hue,  when 
niature;  whence  the  name.     Propagated  by  layers  and  grafting. 


ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICOM. 


b.  Specie*  nnt  yet  mtrodveed, 
¥  3.  F.  OBLi'au*  Mirli.     The  oblique-^ivd  Beech. 


EmfTmtngi.  Htm.  Mm.,  U.  t  3S.  ^  ud  our 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Lcavea  ovate- 
olilong,  oblique,  aomewhac  rhom- 
boid ;  blunt,  doubly  serrated, 
entire  at  the  base;  attenuated 
into  the  petiole,  and  somewhat 
downy.  Perianth  of  the  male 
flowerE  soliUtry,  hemis|iherical, 
sinuated.  Anthers  30 — 4«.  Cu- 
pulea  capsuliform,  muricate,  4- 
partite;  sesments  ovate,  obtuse. 
Ovaries  included,  S-sidedi  angles  | 
winged.  (Mh-bel.)  A  tall  tree. 
Chili,  near  Conception  ;  flower- 
ing in  September. 


1  4.  F.  BETui.oi"i>BS  Mirb.     The  Birch-like,  or 

WM/flfcalftm.    Mirb.ln  Mtm,  Hul.,  14,  p.  <?n. 

Stmonmr.     B*lu\t  marcilct  Fori,  la  Cumm.  GotU.  t.  p.  «., 

Enfrarmtl.     Mtni.  Mm.,  It.  i,  M.  ;  lud  ourjlf .  1101. 

Spec.  ChaT,,  Sfc.  Leaves  ovate-ell iplic,  obtuse,  crenu- 
late,  leathery,  shining,  KlabrouE ;  round  at  the  base, 
on  Khort  footstalks.  Perianth  of  the  male  flowers 
solitary,  turbinate,  5 — ?-lobed.  Anthers  10—16. 
Cupules  involucriform,  smooth,  4-partite  ;  s^menu 
nearly  linear,  laciniate.  Ovaries  3-sided,  laterally 
exsertcd  ;  angles  marginate.  (Mirbel.)  An  ever- 
green tree.  Term  del  Fuego,  where  It  forma  vast 
forests.  This  beech  is  also  a  native  of  Van  Die- 
man's  Lnod,  where  it  is  called  the  myrtle  tree  by 
the  colonists.  It  generally  grows  in  the  western 
part  of  the  island,  where  an  esculent  iiingus  it 
found  in  clusters  around  the  swollen  parts  of  its 

branches.     Said  to  hate  been  intro- 

iluced  in  1830. 


1    5.    F.  ANT 


.nd^.  I 


B   Irom^i'l 


A  Font.     The  antarctic 

^1.  Co«l.,  9.  p.  M.  ;  Willd.  Sp.  H. 


^KV.  Chnr.,  dj-c.  Leaves  ovate,  blunt,  glabrous  ; 
attenuated  at  the  base ;  doubly  dentate  ; 
their  margins  naked.  (WiUd.)  A  tre«  or 
shrub,  a  native  of  Terra  del  Fuego.  Brmncbes 
ru^cd,  tortuous.  Leaves  alternate,  petiu- 
late,  1}  in.  long  ;  plicate  j  veins  on  the 
under  side  somewhat  downy  ;  tbe  teeth 
roundish,  blunt.  Said  to  have  been  intro- 
duced in  1830. 


LXX.    CORYLA^CEX  I   FAMOUS.  91] 

b.  ^prrin  not  yet  inlnduettl  into  BriiitA  Gardent, 

I  6.  F.  DoHBB'r/  Mirb.     Dombejr'g,  or  rhr 
Mi/rtU-Jeaved,  Beech. 

UrmmcaUim,  Htn.  Hiu.,  M.  p.  M8. ;  COBIp.  Bat.  Mj«.,  L 
fiivvav^f^  H^^  Hiu^,  14- 1  S4.  ^  uid  our^,  1701, 
^p^.  CAar.,  ^c.  Leaves  oTate-lanceolaie,  some- 
what rhomboid,  pointed;  Mtruted,  coriaceous, 
shining,  glaDrous;  wedge-ahapeO.  and  oblique 
at  the  base,  on  very  short  footslalka.  Perianth 
of  the  male  lernate,  campanulate,  4 — 5-lobed. 
Anthers  8 — 10,  Cupules  involucrifonn,  Bmoolh, 
■l-partite ;  segnients  almost  linear,  laciniale. 
Ovaries  tBteraJlj'  exserted,  3-sided  ;  angles  mar- 
ginate.  {Mh-b.)  A  tall  tree,  a  native  of  Chili, 
where  it  was  tbund,  along  with  F,  obliijua,  by 
the  botanist  a&er  whom  it  hud  been  named. 
Whether  it  is  deciduous  or  evergreen  we  are  uiw 
certain  ;  there  being  no  Living  plaDts  of  it  either 
inn.  r.  Dc~»!i.  '"  Vnnce  or  England. 

1  7.  F.  DUBiA  Aftrb.    The  dubious  Beech. 


Sfiec.  Char.,  j-c.  Leaves  ovate,  bluntish,  doubly  ser- 
rate, coriaceous,  shining,  glabrous,  round  at  the 
base,  on  short  footstalks.  Perianth  of  the  male 
solitary,  turbinate,  5— 7-lobed.  Anthers  10 — 16. 
{Mirb.)     A  South  Ainerican  tree,  not  introduced. 


gated;  the  leaves  larger,  oval,  and  not  elliptic  ;  and 
dentate,  not  crenuUte ;  all  which  differences  may  be 
the  reside  of  a  more  vigorous  growth.  The  dried 
specimen,  in  other  respects,  perfectly  resernbles  that 
of  F.  ietuloides  ;  and  Commerson,  who  gathered  it  at 
the  Straits  of  Magellan,  had  placed  it  along  with  that 
species,  under  ihe  name  of  £etula  antiirctica.  As 
Mirbel  had  not  seen  the  female  flower,  he  thought  it 
better  not  to  confound  it  with  F.  Aetuldldea. 


Genus  III. 


CASTA'NEA  Toum.     Trb  Cbbstnut.      Un.  Sytl.  Monce'da  Polyindria. 

Srnongma.  Hnu  Ln.  uif  olhen;  Cblulgnler,  A-.  ^Kuunir,  Gn-.  )*  c'juucno.  AiJ.  ;  Cutuw, 
DeriwUta.  Fnwi  CatUM*.  m  Uwn  In  TbHul; ,  or  fRm  usther  lovii  oT  Iliit  dbu  Id  Pmloi. 
Gen.  Char.  Mate  Jtowen  each  consisting  of  a  6-parted  calyx,  and  10 — 15 
stamens,  affixed  to  its  bottom,  and  extended  beyond  its  moudi.  Flowers 
aetsile,  and  disposed  in  groups  along  axillary  stalks  :  each  group  consists  of 
many  flowers,  and  is  tnvolucrated  by  a  bractes  and  a  bracteole. — Female 
floteert  consbting  each  of  an  ovary  t^>er  to  the  tip,  clothed  with  a  calyx, 
and  crowned  by  its  6—7 — 8-cleft  limb,  and  bearing  as  many  styles,  and 
baring  as  many  cells,  with  two  pendulous  ovules  in  each.     The  flowers  are 


9|*i  ARBORETUM    BT   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

disp«>Acd  2 — 3  or  more  tO{$etlier,  within  a  bell-shaped,  and  externally  bristly 
inrolucre.     Fndt  2 — 3  nuts,  included  in  a  ^-yal^ed  inTolucre.  {G,  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous;  serrated  or  entire,  feather- 
nerved,  plaited  in  the  bud.  Flowery  yellowish,  conspicuous  from  the 
abundance  and  length  of  the  male  catkins.  Fruit  with  a  hairy  calyx  like  that 
of  the  beech. — Trees  deciduous,  larse,  spreading;  natives  of  Europe  and 
North  America,  requiring  a  good  soil  to  attain  a  large  size. 

There  is  only  one  European  species,  which  is  chiefly  valuable  as  a  fruit 
tree,  and  as  coppice-wood  ;  the  timber  of  full-grown  trees  being  brittle,  and 
of  short  duration.  The  foliage  is  large  and  ornamental ;  and,  in  this  and  its 
fKiit,  it  bears  a  close  aniUogy  to  the  beech. 

t   \.  C.  TB^SCA  Gisrln.     The  eatable,  stoeet,  or  Spardth^  ChestnuL 

Id£tHi/leation.    Gertn.  Sem.,  I.  p.  181. ;  WlUd.  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  460. 

a^nanymes.    Fkgxu  OuUnea  Lm.  Hort.  CUff".  447. :  CuUnea  latWa  MiU.  Diet  Ko.  I. ;  C.  mlgiris 

Lam.  Encyc.  1.  p.  706.,  Eng.  Bot.  t.  886.,  Eng.  F/.  4.  p.  151. 
Derivation.    The  term  Sweet  Chestnut  is  applied  with  reference  to  the  fruit,  in  oontradistlnrtwn  v 

the  fruit  of  thp  horsechestnut,  which  is  bitter.    It  is  called  the  Spanish  chestnut,  because  the  ben 

chestnuts  for  the  table,  sold  in  the  London  markets,  are  importea  f^om  ^kaln. 
Engravings.    Bng.  Bot.,  t.  886. ;  N.  Du  Ham.  3.  t.  19. ;  the  plates  of  this  tree  in  Arb.  Brit^  Irt 

edit.,  Tol.  viii. ;  and  our^.  1706. 

Spec.  Char,,  S^c.  Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  acuminate,  mucronatelY  serrated; 
glabrous  on  each  side.  (Willd.)  A  stately  deciduous  tree,  rivalhng  the  oak 
in  size  and  longevity  ;  but,  in  regard  to  its  timber,  comparatively  worthiest^. 
Asia  Minor.  Hei^t  50  ft.  to  70  ft.  Cultivated  in  the  temperate  parts  of 
Europe  from  time  immemorial.  Flowers  yellowish ;  May.  Fruit  greenish, 
enclosing  a  brown  nut ;  ripe  in  October. 

Varieties.  These  may  be  arranged  in  two  classes  ;  those  which  are  considereJ 
botanical  varieties,  and  those  which  are  cultivated  on  account  of  their  fniit. 

A.  Botanical  Varieties. 

f  C.  17. 2  BspleniJoUa  Lodd.  Cat.  1836.  C.  heterophflla  Hort. ;  C.  laciniata 
Hort. ;  C.  xalicifolia  Hort.  —  The  leaves  cut  into  shreds,  regularly 
or  irregularly,  and  sometimes  so  as  to  appear  like  linear-lanceolaxe 
leaves ;  and  hence  the  epithet  of  «alicifolia. 

t  C.  o.  3  cochledta  Lodd.  Cat.  1836.  —  The  leaves  cucullate,  or  hooded, 
with  a  diseased  stunted  appearance. 

Tf  C.  r.  4  glabra  Lodd.  Cat.  1836.  C.  v.  foliis  liicidis  flbr/.  — The 
leaves  rather  thin,  and  more  shining  than  those  of  the  species, 

t  C.  t*.  5  giauca.    C.  glauca  Hort.  —  The  leaves  somewhat  glaucous. 

Y  Co.  6varieg&ta.     C.  v.  fdliis  aureis  Lodd.  Cat.  1836.  — The  leaves 

variegated  with  yeUow,  with  some  streaks  of  white ;  and  the  tree, 
when  of  a  larger  size,  makes  a  splendid  appearance  in  spring,  and  is 
admirably  adapted  for  planting  among  evergreen  shrubs,  along  with 
the  balsam  poplar ;  the  colour  of  which,  when  the  leaves  first  expand, 
has  all  the  rich  yellow  of  this  variety. 

Y  C.  V.  7  amencdna.     C.  vi^sca  Michx.  y.  Amer.  St/l.  iii.  p.  9. — This  varietT 

has  broader  leaves  than  the  European  chestnut. 

B.  Frtdt'beaxing  Varieties. 

There  are  upwards  of  20  sorts  cultivated  in  the  London  Horticultural 
Society's  Garden,  of  which  Mr.  Thompson  considers  the  four  following  as 
deserving  the  preference  for  ornamental  cultivation  :  —  Chataignier  prime, 
C.  Rallue,  the  Downton  (Chestnut,  and  Prolific  Chestnut. 

Besides  these  there  are  the  following  English  sorts : — Deronshirc,  Icvb's, 
Lisbon,  Masters's  Canterbury,  Knight's  Prolific,  and  the  New  Prolific. 

The  varieties  cultivated  in  France  for  the  table  are  divided  into  two  kinds, 
viz.  les  chdtaignes  and  les  marrons ;  the  former  being  to  the  latter  what  the 
crab  is  to  the  apple.  The  best  marrons  sold  in  Paris  are  the  manons  de 
Lyons ;  and  the  best  kinds  of  the  common  chestnut  are  : — La  Cbataigne  de 


LXX.    CORYLA^CEiB:    CASTA^NEA.  913 

Bwi;  la  Chataigne  ordiniure  ;  la  CbiLtaigne  pourtalonne  i  1b  ChiUtugiie 
printaniire  ;  la  Chataigne  verte  du  Limouain,  wbich  produces  very  large 
eicellent  fruit ;  and  la  Chataigne  eialade,  the  fruit  or  whirh  ia  the  best  of 
all  the  common  cheitnuts  for  (be  table.  (Le  Bon  Jard.,  1837.) 

The  Bweet  chestnut  diSera  cBsentially  from  (he  oak,  in  its  timber  not  in- 
creasing in  value  as  it  increases  in  age.  The  trunk,  in  deep  free  soils,  and  in 
lituiitions  sheltered  rather  than  exposed,  rises  ercci,  and  forms  a  massive 
coiuiDn  of  wood  ;  but,  in  unsuitable  soiU,  and  in  elevated  exposed  situutions, 
and  in  cold  climates,  it  ramiSea  at  the  height  of  10  or  1£  feet,  and  the  tree  as- 
sumes the  character  of  a  large  pollard.  The  root  descends  perpendicularly, 
like  that  of  the  oak,  but  not,  as  it  is  allwed,  to  quite  ao  great  a  depth.  The 
rate  of  growth  of  young  Creea,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London,  averages  from 
2  fL  to  3  ft.  a  year  for  the  first  10  or  12  years.  The  tree  will  attain  the  hdgbt 
of  from  60  ft.  to  80  fl.  in  from  30  to  60  yearn  ;  before  which  period  its  timber 
is  generally  in  the  highest  d^ree  of  perfection ;  but  the  tree  will  live  for  se- 
veral centuries  afterward^  and  produce  abundance  of  fruit;  its  timber,  in  the 
mean  while,  beginning  to  decay  at  the  heart,  or  became  brittle,  and  fit  only 
for  liiel.  The  wood  of  the  chestnut  has  the  remarkable  property  of  being  more 
durable  when  it  is  young  than  when  it  is  old ;  the  sap  or  outer  wood  very 
•oon  changing  into  heart  wood ;  and  hence  the  great  value  of  this  tree  for 


posts,  fenctng^Iet,  stakes,  trelliswork,  hoops,  &c.  The  wood,  when  green, 
w^^hs  6S  lb.  9  oi.  per  cubic  foot  :  and  when  dry,  41  lb.  8  oz.  The  wood  is 
easily  distinguished  from  that  of  the  oak,  by  the  tranaverae  fibres  being  more 
confused,  and  much  less  evident  to  the  naked  eye,  more  especially  in  a  section 
newly  cut ;  so  that,  to  ascertain  whether  a  plank  of  timber  is  o^  or  chestnut 
It  is  bnlv  necessary  to  saw  off  a  thin  slice  at  one  of  its  extremities.  The  bark, 
fMneciBlly  of  younp  trees,  is  used  for  tannine ;  but  it  only  sells  for  half  the 
pnce  of  that  of  oak.     As  a  tree  for  useful  plantations,  the  chestnut  is  chiefly 


914  ARBORETUM    ET   PRUTICETUM    BRITANNlCtTH. 

valuableuundemoodiandror  iUiVutL  As  underwood,  it  is  grown  in  Ei^ud 
for  hop-polea,  leoce-wood,  and  hoopi.  The  pole*  lut  ai  long  u  tboae  of  toe 
Bih,  and  longer ;  but  they  do  not  grow  to  &st,  vid  they  are  apt  to  lani  <« 
stout  aide  ihoots,  which,  iT  not  checked,  cither  b}  pmning  or  ^  the  domca 
of  the  plantation,  cause  the  upper  part  of  the  p(rieto  diminiBh  in  sze  tooruidlj. 
The  cheatnut,  like  the  beech,  prefen  a  deep  sanuy  loaoi.  It  will  not  thnn  Is 
stiff  tenacious  soil ;  and,  in  a  rich  loam,  its  timber,  and  even  it*  poles  aiii 
hoops,  are  brittle,  and  good  for  nothing.  The  Epecies  is  propagated  bj  At 
DUt,  which  may  be  treated  exactly  in  the  nune  manner  as  the  acorn  ;  and  ik 
varieties  are  perpetuated  by  grafting. 


— ..  , i  htchi.  K 

;  ioijlt-  17(M.  (Tom  Uit  Urr  In  tha  Honlmln 

^prc.  Char.,  Ifc.  Leaves  oblong,  acute,  mucronately  aerrated  ;  coTerid  *iit 
while  tomentum  beneath.  {WiUd.)  A  deciduous  shrub.  North  Ancm 
New  Jersey,  Delaware,  Maryland,  South  Carolina,  Georiia,  and  Lo>« 
Louisiana.  Heicht  8  f^.  to  40  ft.  Introduced  in  1699.  Flowers  yAl>i 
May.     Fruit  half  the  siie  of  ifae  conunoa  chestnut. 


In  dry  arid  soils  C.  pilmila  is  a  shrub  not  nceedtng  6  or  7  feet  in  ko^ 
but  in  rich  soil  it  is  a  low  tree.  The  leaves  are  3  or  4  incbet  long.  riaf|^ 
toothed,  and  similar  in  form  to  those  of  the  C.  v.  americin*  ;  from  ■hd 
they  are  distinguished  by  their  iarerior  site,  and  the  whiteness  of  tta 
under  surface.  The  fructificatioo,  also,  reaemble*  that  of  C.  t.  aiuuks" 
in  form  and  arrangement ;  but  the  flowers  and  fruit  are  only  about  latf  > 
large,  and  the  nut  it  conrez  on  both  udet. 

Speaa  of  Caitdnea  not  yet  Mnductd  mto  Earopeax  Gardrtt. 

Sereral  species  of  chetlnuia  have  been  discovered  in  Nepal  and  Jm; 
tome  of  which  were,  at  first,  supposed  to  belong  to  the  genus  Qofraa,  W 
hnre  since  been  aeparated  from  that  genus,  and  referred  to  Ckstinca,  1^ 
Dr.  Lindley ;  and  others  have  been  described  and  figured  by  Hume,  is  H 
splendid  work  on  the  plants  of  Java.  Dr  Lindlcy  hai  given  a  synoptialS>' 
of  the  Indian  Caslanes  in  Dr,  Wallich's  PI.  At.  Rot.,  in  which  he  eaaao^ 
eight  different  species,  all  of  which  we  shall  ahortly  notice. 

C.  b,<Uea  Rox.  Hort.  Beng.,  p.  68.,  Lindl.  in  Wall.  PL  Ai.  Rar.,  Bs^ 
llluit.,p.34l.,  it  a  native  of  the  mountains  of  Nt^  and  SSbm. 


Lxx.  coryla'ceje:  casta^nea.  915 

C  Roih&rgkn  LkidL  1.  c. ;  Qu^rcua  coEtanic&rpa  Roi.  Hart,  Seng.  p.  68, 
^eng.  Sytt.  Veg.  3.  p.  856.  {  is  a  native  of  Chitugong. 

C.  ifAarooiTpa  LindL  1.  c.,  42u^ut  tnniita  Ro*.  MSS ,  a  a  native  of  the 
ffiountaiDs  near  Silhet. 

C.  UibtiKidet  LindL  1.  c,  Royle  Iliuit.  p.  341.     Qu£rcu9  fribuliSdd  Smith  ir 


Reet'i  Cad.  No.  IX,  D.  Don  in  Prod.  Nep.  p.  56..  WaiL  in  laU. ;  Q.  Calingea 
Ham.  MSS. ;  Q.  f%rox  itu.  /Tort.  fin^.  p.  68.  — This  spedea,  according  to 
Sir  J.  E.  Smitb.  was  discovered  by  Dr.  Buchanan  (Hamilton)  in  the  foreacs 


of  Upper  Nepal,  Sowcring  and  fruiting  at  various  sewons.  Dr.  Buchanan  si , 
posed  It  to  be  an  oak  i  and  he  describes  it  as  bdng  a  tree  with  smooth  bronches, 
and  leaves  on  short  footstalka,  lanceolate,  more  or  leas  ovate,  entire,  taper- 
pointed,  aomewhat  iinequBl  at  the  base,  about  4  in.  long,  !{ in.  broad  ;  rigid,  and 
rather  cwiaceoua,  with  irregular,  distant,  alightlj'  curv^  veins.;  the  upper  aiirface 
polished,  and  the  under  one  paJer,  and  opaque.  The  flowera  are  generally 
monoecioua  (though  Dr.  Buchanan  observ^  one  tree  with  only  female 
flowers),  in  slender,  downy,  clustered,  axillary  or  terminal  apikes  ;  the  male 
Gpikes  being  the  more  numerous.  Stamens  about  B,  with  a  dotted  central  disk. 
The  calyx  of  the  fi-uit  is  armed  with  very  numerous,  rigid,  pnuninent,  sharp 
thorns,  a  fourth  of  an  inch  or  more  in  length,  apreading  in  everv  direction. 

C.  marlaiatBoa  Wall.  Fl.  As.  Bar.  t.  107.,  end  our^.  1709.,  haa  the  leaves 
lanceolat&obkxig,  acuminate,  quite  entire,  smooth,  on  short  footstalka,  acute 


at  the  base,  ailvery  benenth.  Catkina 
downy,  denaely  clothed  with  palmate 
branchj  apinea,  divaricate.  (Wali.)  A 
Dative  of  Hartaban,  near  Amberat. 

C.  Tungumit  Blume  Bjdr.  Fl.  Jnv.  t.  mn    c  n.,*n<. 

22.,  and  our  Jig.  ITIO.,   haa   the   leaves 

elliptic-oblong,  acute,  and  ash-coloured  beneath.  The  veins  and  catkina  are 
downy.  It  is  an  immense  tree,  lAO  tt.  high  ;  and  is  found  in  the  province  of 
Bantam,  at  an  elevation  of  from  4000  ft.  to  6000ft.  above  the  level  of  the 
aea.     Ilie  natives  call  it  Tuiuurrut,  or  Tungerreh.  (Blume  Fl.  Jan.) 

Catl^nea  argintea  B]utae  ri.  Jav.  t.  !1.,  and  our  ^.  1711.,  haa  the  leavea 
oblong-lanceolate,  much  acuminated,  narrowed  towards  the  has^  gUbroua 
and  silvery  beneath.  Catkins  silky.  A  tall  tree,  with  a  thick  trunk ;  a  native 
of  mountains  in  the  west  of  Java.  The  wood  is  uaed  for  beams  and  the  axle- 
treea  of  Wl^gons;  and  the  acorns  are  eaten  when  boiled  or  roasted.  {Bhtme.) 

C.javditKa  Blume  Fl.  Jav.  t.  S3, 84.,  and  our^.  l7iS.,  has  the  leavea  falcate, 

oblong4ancw>lBte,   sharp   at   both   enda,    glabroua,   oehreoua   beneath ;   the 

vounger  onea  streaked  underneath  with  dark  yellow.     A  lofty  tree,  attaining 

the  height  of  180  ft,  with  a  trunk  7  ft.  in  gin.    Common  b  the  woods  of 

Sh  2 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 


the  Tolcanic  mountain  or  Qedi.     Blume  meaEions  two  varieties  :  C.j. 


Blusie  Bjdr.  10.  p.  586.;  and  C.j.  fuc&cend.  {Btmme.) 
C.  ineriHii  Lindl.  in  Wall.  PI.  As.  IW.  a  a  natiFe  of  Singapore. 
C.  clmUttiu  Spreng.  is  mentioned  in  our  Hortui  BriUtnmctu. 


Bffl 


CA'RPINUS  L.     The  Hornbeam.     Lm.  Si/tl.  Monm'cia  PoIjiodriL 

MnuflfnfiDB.    Lin,  Cm.,  497.1  Juh.,  MB.;  FL  Br..  1M9. ;  N.  Du  Hud.,  1.  p.  131. 
&/mt<^ii,    Cirr*.  Chume,  Fr. i  HapibucbB. at  tlilobuchs.  On-. i  CtifAvo^UaL 

nikinjiar>itorctiutat.>ihlch  IIkji  c*l1«l  urfinUHii,  uid  sIiilIi  ihr  Svnla  •illl  oSl  to»»  Ij* 

liidci  ID  the  hoRif  uiturc  of  IhF  wond ;  ind  ibe  Gcrmu  one  uT  lUlDbuclM.  »  ihi  sh  rf  ** 
trDodformiikiDff  grovHln  tbftgHUDetricttyleof^ixltiiln^. 

Gat.  Char.,  ^c.  Male  flower:  Catkin  lateral,  spssile,  cylindrical.  Bnd^ 
imbricate,  i^uwn  consisting  of  12  or  more  stamens  inserted  at  the  I*" 
of  abraclea.  Anlhen  bearded  at  the  tip,  1-cellcJ. — Female  fl<irtni'^ 
terming  catkins.  Bracteat  of  two  kinds,  outer  and  inner ;  outer  brsctoo 
entire,  soon  falling  off ;  inner  bracteas  in  pairs,  each  3-lobc<i.  Calgi  <M>^ 
ing  the  ovarj'  to  near  its  tip,  and  adhering  to  It ;  toothed  at  the  tip.  SIjk 
very  short,  Sligmai  2,  long,  thread-shaped.  I-'rtat  not  atteoded  bj  dit 
involucre  ;  ovate,  compresseJ,  ribbed,  clothed  exc^t  at  the  bsae,  sw 
tipped  with  the  adnate  calyx ;  woody  ;  including  me  Med.  (G.  A*-) 

Leavet  simple,  alternate,  eislipulate,  deciduous  ;  featber-otrreii,  plfi*™ 
in  the  bud.  Flou/crt  very  small,  greenish.  —  Trees,  mostly  of  the  aai-Sc 
size  i  natives  of  Europe,  the   Levant,  and  North  Amehca ;  link  vabel 


Lxx.  coryla'ce^:  ca'rpinits.  917 

dther  for  their  timber  or  ornamental  eflect ;  but  one  Bpeciee  valuable  as  a 
garden  hedge  plant.     CommoD  soil,  and  seeds  or  layers. 

I  1.  C  Ab'tulus  L.     The  Birch,  or  conunon.  Hornbeam. 

UtMtfalHm.    LIB.  S|i.  PL.,  14IS.  i  Bdi.  Bol,  1. 1032. 

Sjunnfiii-i.  aiplaut  laaM,  f  niter.  1.  p.  111,1  O'tuyt  BsmM.  Phi.  Vil.  ■■,  O'niui  Trag.  HUI. 
1109.;  fif\a  Sauk.  Hill,  t.f.i.  1<$.  t.  :  Bklaial  LiA.  Ic.  1.  190.  f . ;  Carnt.  Cblnne.  Fr,  i 
gtattme  HjtjDbucbB,  Ger.  \  Cuplao  WuKD,  llai,  i  HoTDbAua.  YOk»  Elm.  tnd  In  Hmv  jtkacD 

Miu™.  tlU-i  udourjff.  1713. 
^m.  Char.,  ^c.  Bracteas  of  the  fruit  Sal,  oblong,  serrated,  with  two  lateral 
lobes.  (^Smiih.')  A  deeiduoua  tree.  Britain,  and  various  parts  of  Eu- 
rope, in  magnitude  and  general  character  resembling  the  common  beech. 
Height  30  ft.  to  TO  ft.  Flowers  yellowish;  May.  Kuts  brown;  riiie  in 
October  or  November. 
Fariflit). 

1  C.  B.  2  india  Lodd.  Cat.  1836.  C.  B.  fuercifolia  DetJ.;C.  f.hetero- 

ph^lta  /fort.  —  Leaves  deeply  cut. 
1  C.  B.  3  mnegala  Lodd,  Cat.  1836.  —  Leaves  variegated. 
The  hornbeam,  being  extremely  patient  of  the  knife,  forms  excellent  hedges. 
The  wood  is  very  tough  and  horny,  and  the  bark  smooth  and  whitish,  or  light 


grey  spotted  with  white  ;  and  on  old  trees  it  is  generally  covered  with  a 
brownish  moss.     The  wood  is  white,  hard,  heavy,  tenacious,  and  very  close- 

Cined  i  but  it  will  not  take  a  good  polish.  It  weighs,  when  green,  Glib.  ; 
r-dry,  57  lb,  ;  and  ouite  dry,  a  \  lb.  It  is  very  seldom  used  in  construction ; 
partly  because  it  is  seldom  found  of  proper  dimensions,  and  partly  because, 
when  the  tree  attains  a  large  size,  the  wood  is  apt  to  become  glialcy,  like  that 
of  the  chestnut.  As  ftiel,  it  surpasses  the  beech  in  the  proportion  of  1655 
to  1540.  For  a  nurse  plant,  and  for  hedges,  it  is  pHTiicularly  well  adapted. 
It  will  succeed  in  any  soil  ngt  too  warm  and  dry.  It  is  naturally  found  on  cold. 


918 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BKITANNICUM. 


hard,  clayey  soils,  io  exposed  situations  ;  but  it  attains  its  lai^geat  dimenaiom 
on  plains,  in  loams,  or  clays  that  are  n<it  too  rich.  On  chalk  it  will  not  thrive,  io 
which  respect  it  is  directly  the  reverse  of  the  beech.  The  seeds  of  the  horn- 
beam ripen  in  October ; .  and  they  are  produced  freely  in  England,  but  seldoo 
in  Scotland  ;  the  bunches,  or  cones,  as  they  are  called,  which  contain  them, 
should  be  gathered  by  hand,  when  the  nuts  are  ready  to  drop  out  ^  or  tber 
may  be  left  on  the  tree  till  they  drop  ;  when,  though  a  part  of  the  seed  wiQ 
have  ftllen  out,  there  will,  in  all  probability,  be  enough  left  for  future  me, 
the  tree  being  at  present  but  very  sparingly  uropagated  in  Europe.  The  nuts 
separate  readily  from  their  envelopes ;  ana,  if  they  are  sown  imiiiediatelT, 
many  of  them  will  come  up  the  following  spring,  and  all  of  them  the  secoiMl 
spring.  If  they  are  preserved  in  dry  sano,  or  in  their  busks,  and  sown  the 
following  spring,  they  will  come  up  a  year  afterwards ;  the  usml  coverii^ 
is  }  in.  The  plants  may  remain  in  the  seed-bed  for  two  years ;  after  which 
they  may  be  planted  into  nursery  lines,  and  undefgo  the  usual  routine  trest- 
ment. 

I        J  2,  C.  (B,)  AMERICA ^N A  Mickx,    The  American  Hornbeam. 

JUentifieatiom.    Mlchx.  Amer.,  2.  p.  SOI. ;  Pur«h  Fl>  Amer.  Sept.,  p^  633. 

Suntmi^me.    C.  TirginUma  Michx.  Arb.  t.  A 

Engravings.    Dend.  Brit.,  1. 167. ;  Michx.  N.  Amer.  Syl.,  8. 1 108. ;  and  oarjtg.  I71A 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c,  Bracteas  of  the  fruit  3-partite ;  middle  division  obfique* 
ovate-lanceolate,  1-toothed  on  one  side.  ( WiOd.)  A  k)w  decidoous  tree. 
Nova  Scotia  to  Florida.  Height  12  to  15  feet,  but  sometimes  from  25  ft. 
to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1812.  Flowers  and  fruit  like  those  of  tbe 
common  hornbeam,  and  produced  and  ripened  about  the  same  time. 

The  American  hornbeam  is  smaller  than  that  of  Europe,  but  in  other 
respects  closely  resemblea  it.  Propagated  by  layers,  and  sometimes  bj 
imported  seeds. 


X714.    C.  (A)  uMilckjM.  1715.    C{M.)i 

¥^«  3.  C,  (B,)  ORiEifTA^Lis  Lam,    The  Oriental  Hornbeam. 

IdentifictUkm.    Lain.  Encyc,  1.  p.  700. ;  WUld.  Sp.  Fl.,  4.  p.  468. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  L  p.  199. 

Synonume.    C.  duineiuis  Scop.  Cam,  1 60. 

Engravings.    Scop.  Carn.,  t.  60. ;  Dead.  Brit.,  t.  98. ;  and  our  Jig.  1715. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Bracteas  of  the  fixdt  ovate,  unequal  at  the  base,  undii 
somewhat  angular,  unequally  serrated.  (  Willd.)  A  low  deciduons  tree  or 
shrub.  Asia  Minor  and  the  Levant.  Height  10ft.  to  12  ft.  Introduced 
in  1739.  Flowers  and  fruit  closely  resembling  those  of  the  coHunoo  bom- 
beam,  and  produced  and  ripened  about  the  same  time. 


ixx.  coRyLA\:E«:  o'strva.  919 

As  it  sbaou  out  into  numeTous  widelj  spreading,  horizontal,  irregular 
branches,  it  cannot  be  r^ularij  trained  up  witJi  a  Btraigbt  clear  truDk.  The 
leaves  are  much  smaller  than  those  of  tfae  common  hornbeam,  and  the  branches 
grow  closer  together ;  so  that  it  is  eveJi  still  better  adapted  for  forming  a 
cli|^>ed  hedge  than  that  species.    Very  hardy,  and  easily  propigated  by  lavers. 

l^)ei!klor  FariHia  of  Carjjimm  not  yet  mlrodaced  into  European  Gardeta. 

Cfrptmu  (B.)  Carpinfiza  Hott.  FL  Aiut.  2.  p.  686.  —  Leaves  crenately  ser- 
rated ;  scales  of  the  strobiles  rerolute,  S-deft  ;  the  middle  a^D«at  the  longest, 
and  quite  entire.     A  native  of  the 
woods  of  Transykania.  TheTran- 
sylvanians  distinguish  this  sort  from 
C.  BHnio*.  anJ  caU  it  Cerpiuizia. 

C.  rmiiura  Lindl..  Wall.  PI.  As. 
Rar.  1. 106.,  Royle  Llust.  p.341.,  ' 
and  our  Jig.  1716.,  has  the  leaves  ( 
ovate-lanceolate,      much     acumi- 
nated,  doubly  serrated ;    petioles  ' 
and  branchlets  glidirous  ;  bracleas 
fruit-bearing,  ovate-oblong,  ladni- 
ste  at  the  base,  somewhat  entire 
at  the  apex,  bluntisb.     (^LimU,  ia 
Waii.)    A  native  of  the  mountains 
of  Nepal,  in  Sirraore  and  Kamaon  i 
and,  according  to  Royle,  on  Miis- 
souree,  at  tfae  h&giH  of  6500  It. 
above  the  level  of  the  sea ;  flower- 
ing and  fruiting  from  January  to  "'*■  *■*•■>■» 
April.     A  fine  tree,  very  like  the  common  elder. 

C.  (aghtea  Lindl.,  Wall.  PI.  As.  Rar.  S.  p.  5.,  has  the  leaves  ovate-oblong, 
scute,  shsrply  serrated,  and  glabrous ;  petioles  and  brancbletK  donny  ;  bractees 
fruit-bearing,  somewhat  rhomboid,  with  large  teeth,  acute,  reticulated.  It  is 
nearly  allied  to  C.  orieniilis,  but  ditlers  in  the  form  and  maipn  of  the  leaf, 
and  in  the  bracteas.  ( yVaU.  FL  At.  Rar.,  8.  p.  5.) 


GSMUE 

Sir 


cySTRYA  Wm.     Tbk  Hop  HoR^BBAll.     Uat.  Syit.  Monte'cia  Polyandria. 

Summrma.    OrpllliK  XA>.  aaif  oLIin  ;  Ho|:Csnllucb^  Scr.  i  OUIb,  Oat. 
Drritiiiim.    From  mUyiit,  1  K4lt ;  111  nienoce  to  the  Ktlj  CUUni. 

Gen.  Char^  Src.  Male  Jloiaert  with  the  bracteas  of  the  catLins  simple,  im- 
bricate. Flaweri  of  18  or  more  stameos,  inserted  at  the  base  of  a 
bractea.  FiUmetiU  branched,  each  branch  bearing  an  anther.  ArUkm 
each  of  I  cell.  —  Female  Jiowen  with  the  bracteas  small,  deciduous.  Itmo- 
lucmi  toalei  in  pairs,  hairy  at  the  base,  a  pair  growine  together  at  their 
opposed  edges,  and  constituting  an  inflated  covering  to  tne  opening.  QUgz 
investing  the  whole  ovary,  and  extended  at  the  lip  into  a  very  short  ciliate 
tube.  Style  dtort  S^gmai  V,  lon^  thread-shaped.  Frvit  a  small  nut, 
ovate,  horded  at  the  lip.  The  fruits  of  a  catkin  imbricately  disposed  into 
an  ovate  spike.  (G.  Don.) 

Leaeei  iiim|de,  alternate,  eistipulate,  deciduous;  feather-necved.  ser- 
rated. Tlowen  small,  greenish  white.  —  Trees  deciduous,  small,  in  general 
appearance  like  the  hornbeam  ;  natives  of  Europe  and  North  America. 
Propagated  by  seedii  or  layers  in  common  soil. 


ARBORETUM    BT   FKUTICETUM   BRITANNICOM. 

t  1.  O.  vuLGA'Kis   WiM.     The  Hop  Hornbeam. 

I.   wiiid-s*.  PI,*.  p.«e.  „^ 

Stmrnfitii.    Otrfilnui  Own«  Hwi  CVjtf,  til.  i  O'ltrji  tmi  nit 

^SH.P(-,»17.:  0.lii11c»,*t,Mii*'.C«.^.^t^iMJ,^^a  ^  „^„^ , 

spec.  Char.,  4-c.     Strobiiei   ovale,  pendulous.     Leaves  ovate,  acute.     Budi 

obtuse.  (WUld.)      A  deciduoua   tree.     Italy  and   the  South  of  Europe. 

Heifiht  30f[.io40ft.      Introduced   in    1784.      Flowers  greeuibh-whiw ; 

May.     Fruit  small,  whitish  hrown ;  ripe  in  October. 

The  hop  hornbeam,  in  its  genenil  appearance,  bark,  branches,  and  Wiiji, 
bears  a  great  resemUance  to  the  comntoi;  hornbeam ;  but  ii  at  once  distiB- 


^lished  from  it  by  its  catkins  of  female  flowers.  The^e  consist  of  Unit 
scales,  or  bracteal  appendages,  which  are  close,  and  reijularly  imbricated.  *> 
as  to  form  a  cylindrical  strobile,  very  Kke  the  catkin  of  the  female  bop  ■ 
whereas  in  the  common  hornbeam  the  bracteas  are  open  and  spreading.  TV 
tree  has  a  very  han<i5ome  appearance  when  in  fruit :  and,  in  uvourable  sta- 
Btions,  it  will  attain  nearly  as  large  a  size  as  the  eommon  horoheam.  h  i' 
commonly  grafted  on  the  common  hornbeam ;  but,  as  the  growth  of  d« 
former  is  more  rapid  (ban  that  of  the  tatter,  unless  the  grafl  a  made  imc- 
diately  above  the  collar,  the  trunk  of  the  scion  becomes  too  lai^  {"f  AK 
of  the  Etock,  and  the  tree  is  liable  to  be  blown  down,  or  broken  oitrbithe 
wind.     Propagating  by  layers,  or  by  seeds,  is  therefore  a  preferable  moAL 

f  8.  O.  {?  V.)  tirgi'nic*  fPil/d.     The  Virginian  H»^  Horobewn. 

MndHlaMm.    Wllld.  So.  PI,  *.  ?.<».  1  AH.  Hort.  Kr-.,  S.  p-SOt  j  Pmh  t  p.  (» 
J!mtraH*fl.  '  AKi.  Ini^  S.  t.  75.  i  Piuk.  Aim.,  t.  l's&  f.  l.;'  Hid  oarMt-  ">*■  >'>»• 

S;vc.  Char.,  iic.     Strobiles  ovale-oblong,  erect.     Leaves  ovate-obloitt.  ara- 
minate.     Buds  acute.  (WUld.)      A  deciduoua  tree.     New  Brtinawick  » 


ixx.  coryla'ces:  o'strya.  921 

Florida.     Height  15ft.  to  Mft.     Introduced  in  1699.     Flowers  and  fruit 
ai  In  the  preceding  species. 
The  Virginian    hop    hombeam,   or   iron  wood, 
general!)'  forms  a  tree  about  30  ft.  high,  growing 
more  rapiJIj'  than  O.  vulgaris,  and  differing  from  that 
species,  according  to  Willdenow  and  Purah,  chiefly 
in  the  position  of  its   fe- 
male   catkins,    which    are 
upright,  iustend   of   being 
pendulous.     The  tree,  ac- 
cording   to    Michaux,    ij 
r  easily    known,   in    winter, 
by  its  smooth  grejish  bark, 
which  is  finely  divided,  and 
detached   in  strips  of  not 
more  than  aline  in  breadth. 
In  British  gardens  the  tree 
bears  a  close  resemblance 
to  the  European  bop  boro- 

Genus  VL 

CiyRYLUS  L.     The  Hazel.     Lin.  Si/il.  Monce'cia  Poly^ndrio. 
JOtnMlcatiim.    l.ln.  Ren.,  No.  mt.;  N.  Du  Hun..  1,  p.  IT. 
^^^rita.    Comlrirr,  ft-.;  HMelnuM.  DfT.i  Nocclofo, /(»i. 

Gen.  C/iar.,  tfc.  Mate  fowm  in  cylindrical  catkins.  Bracteiu  sessile,  im- 
bricate. Prrigonal  tcaUi  two,  cohering  at  the  base,  and  adnaie  lo  the 
under  surfiice  of  the  bracteal  scale.  Staiaeru  8,  inserted  upon  the  peri- 
gODa)  scales  towards  their  base.  AnlAeri  l)earded  at  the  tip.  —  Fhruile 
Jioieeri  in  a  bud-like  catkin,  which  ia  developed  into  a  branchlet.  Bracteal 
tcaie  ovate,  entire.  Cati/x  not  obvious,  formed  of  a  slightly  villous  mem- 
brane.    Sligmni  2,  long,  thread-shaped.     Fnal  an  ovate  nut.  (G.  Dm.) 

Leavet  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  ;  entire,  feat  her- veined. 
FloiDCTt  whitish  in  the  male,  and  red  in  the  female,  protruded  before  tbe 
leaves.  —  Low  trees  and  large  shrubi,  deciduous  ;  natives  of  Europe  and 
North  America  ;  thriving  only  in  good  soil,  rather  dry  than  moist, 

•  I.  C.  ^vella'na  L.     The  common  Hazel  nut. 

Stmrnrmn.    Coodrler  NalHtier,  Ft.  :  HlHllInucta,  Nuubum,  OtT.  i  AtcIIuo.  Nocdolo,  Hal. ; 

AVtiUJDD,  J^pdli 
DfriiMilon.    Jvelllnii  If  dtrlved  Ftorn  Avfllina,  t  ckf  In  Kaplei.    Hud  la  rr«n  th«  Anslik-Saxap 

iMniM^.    BlKkifl-aS.!  Fug.  Bol.,  1.  m  i  «nd  our  A.  1730,'.  In  which  «"  u' I  iprlg  iii 

Spec.  Char.,  tfc.  Stipules  oblong-obtuse.  Leaves  roundish,  cordate,  pointed. 
Involucre  of  the  fruit  campanulate,  rather  ^ireading,  torn  at  the  margin. 
(^yvilld.)  A  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree.  Europe  and  the  east  and  west 
of  Asia.  Height  !0  ft.  and  upward-s  {  but  commonly  found  in  the  character 
of  a  bush,  as  undergrowth  in  woods,  especially  of  the  oak.  Male  flowers 
greyish;  February:  female  flowers  crimson;  April.  Nut  brown;  ripe  in 
October. 


S  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

A.  BoUnand  Varidiet, 
■  C.  A.  I  n/MiMi  Ait.     C.  ^vellana  Smui..  £Ng.  Bot.  t.  783. ;  C.  ijl- 

vfatris  fioB*.  Fill.  418.,  and  ourj%.  17B0.  — The  common  bud 

nut,  in  a  wild  state, 
A  C.  A.  S  pivala.  C.  pilmila  LixU.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  —  Radier  dwaifer  [hut 


•  C.  A.  3  helenphyila.    C.  heterophyUa  LoiU.  CW.  ed.  1836 ;  C.  luiDiin 

/fort. ;  C.  urticifolin  Hoii. ;  the  Tarious,  or  Nettle,  leaved  HaieL 
(Uur^.  17!1.)  —  The  leavei  vanouslf  cut,  and  thicUj  colored 
with  hain. 

•  C.  A.  ^purpurea.   C.  purpilrea  Lodd.  Cal.cd.  1836  ;  C.  atro-ptn^ntM 

Horl. — The  leaves  of  a  dark  red  or  purple.  Avervsuikiagythetj. 
If  grafted  standard  high  on  C.  Columi  this  would  make  a  oMtt 
Eingulnr  and  beautiful  small  tree.  Grafted  on  the  comiaoD  haadi 
it  imparts  its  colour  to  the  lesTCa  of  the  stock. 

B.  Varieties  cuihealtd  for  theit  FnoL 
The  cultivated  ha2elB  are  of  two  kinds ;  rii.  nuts  and  filberts.  1^ 
fonner  are  distinguished  by  the  ihaitness  of  their  calyxes,  or  hnski, 
and  the  latter  bj  their  length;  but,  in  consequence  of  the  nuowraai 
crosses  between  theiie  two  classes  of  varieties,  the  distinction  can  icarcdj 
now  be  kept  up.  The  term  filbert  is  supposed,  according  to  some,  to 
be  a  corruption  oFfuU  beiu^i,  alluding  to  the  husk. 

Id  the  HorticuUural  Sodeltft  Caialogue  of  FraUi,  3t  sorts  of  aott  Md 
filberts  are  enumerated ;  but  the  kinds  best  deserving  of  culture  for  tbdr 
fruit,  and  also  as  ornamental  shrubs  or  !ow  trees,  are  considered  bj  Mr 
Thompson  to  be  only  the  five  following  :  — 

•  C  A.  5  tubuBia.     C.  tubulosa  Willd.  Abim.  t.  158..  and  our  ib.  1TS3.: 

C.  maxima  MM.  Did.;  C.  aativa  BaiA.  j  C.  s.  rubra  AH.;  nd  H- 
bert,  Ht>rt.  Soc.  Cat,  No.  )8. ;  Langlnrtnuis,  or  Lambotmai*. 
Ger. ;  Noisctier  franc  k  fruit  rouge.Potf.  W  TWv.  Art.  FhdI.  II. 
—  Long  tubular  calyx,  contracting  so  much  beyond  the  apei  of  tbe 
fi^it,  as  to  prevent  its  fBllinc  out. 
■  C.  A.  6  lufnJiia  alba.  C.  saUva  ilba  Aii.;  C.  A.  ilba  LoUL  CM.  ed. 
1836  i  white  Filbert,  Hort.  Soc.  Cat.  No.  19. ;  weisse  LanKbannDii, 
Ger.  —  Only  differs  from  tbe  preceding  variety  in  having  ibe  pcUidc 
of  its  kernel  while. 


LXX.    CORYLA'CEjB  : 


jlf.  I72S.) — A  Dio«t  remarkable  variety,  aad  veil  deaerring  of  oil- 
avadoa  u  an  ornameiital  ahrub,  Trom  the  aiogular  appearance  it 
preaenta  in  its  greatly  laciniated  calyx. 

■  C.  A.  8  Unidi  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1636.     The  thin-ihelled,  or  Coaford, 

Nut,  Pom.  Mag.  I.  55„  Hart.  Soc.  Cat.  So.  IE.  —  Nut  with  a  thin 
shell,  beautifully  striated  longitudinal! v. 

■  C.  A.  9  tarcelonituu  Lodd.   Cat.  ed.  IB36.    C.  aatlra  gr&adis  SaaA. 

Pa.  4IH. ;  C.  A.  giindia  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  ISSe ;  the  Cob  Nut,   ayn. 

the  Barcebna  Nut,  Downton  large  Nut,  Ac,  Hurt,  Soc.  Cat.  no. 

B.  —  Farms  a  tree  of  upright  growth,  with  a  short,  ovate,  slightly 

coDipresBed  nut,  having  a  thick  and  very  atrong  hard  Bhell,  well  hlled 

by  the  kernel. 
The  hazel  grows  best  upon  what  ia  called  a  hazel  mould,  that  ia  to  Kay, 
a  reddish  brown  calcareous  loam  j  but  it  will  grow  on  any  soil,  &om  a  cha& 
or  gravel,  to  a  cold  and  wet  clay  :  the  rods  are  durable  in  proportion  to  the 
dryneas  of  the  ground  on  which  the  hazel  grows,  and  they  are  particularly 
good  where  the  bottom  is  chalk.  The  situation  moat  fevotirable  is  on  tht 
■idea  of  hiUa,  for  it  will  not  thrive  in  a  soil  where  water  is  stagnant  :  though, 
like  all  trees  and  ahrubs  that  grow  m  dense  masses,  it  require*  a  great 
deal  of  moisture  ;  and,  indeed,  it  will  always  beep  the  ground  moist  under  it 
by  the  denseness  of  its  shade.  The  species  is  propagated  bv  nuts,  and  the 
varieties  by  layers.  The  nuts  may  be  dried  in  the  suu,  and  preserved  in  a 
dry  loft,  covered  with  straw,  or  in  sand,  till  the  following  February ;  when  they 
may  be  sown,  and  treated  in  the  same  manner  as  mast  or  chestnuts. 

I  2.  C.  CVjlc'rh*  L.     The  CtmtiaminojiU  Haiel. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Stipule!  lanceolate,  aciumnate.  Leaves  rouodjah  ovate, 
cordate.  Involucre  of  the  fruit  double ;  the  exterior  many-partite,  the  in- 
terior S-panite ;  divisions  palmate.  ( Willd.)  A  deciduous  tree.  Turkey 
and  Asia  Minor.  Height  AOft.  to  GOft.  Introduced  in  ISfiA.  Flowers 
and  fruit  as  in  the  conunon  hazel,  but  longer  and  larger. 

X  C.  C.  8  mlermidia,     C.  intermedia  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  —  Probably  a 
hybrid  between  C.  C'oluma  and  C.  ^velUbaa. 


4  ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUH. 

V  C.  C.  3  arboreteem  FiBCh.   (Durj!^.  17Si.) — IMen  from  the  q 
chiefly  in  the  calyx  of  the  nut  being  cut  Into  shreds. 


The  branches  spread  out  nearly  horizontally  ;  the  leaves  are  more  aneulir, 
and  sofUr,  than  tnose  of  the  common  haiel ;  and  the  stipules  are  linear.  Hk 
nuts  are  small,  round,  almost  covered  with  the  calyx,  vhich  it  double,  >nJ 


deeplj^  laciniated,  or  fringed,  with  the  points  recurved.  The  tree  grows  rspiillv, 
and  with  great  vigour,  having  produced  sliootf,  in  the  climste  of  Paris,  <<  '■' 


LXX.    CORYLA^CE«:    O'STRYA.  925 

long  in  one  year ;  ind  lometiiiiei  nearly  as  much  in  the  climBte  of  London.  It 
will  grow  in  almost  Hny  soil,  but  does  beat  in  one  simitar  to  that  adapted  for  the 
common  hazel.  It  is  easily  propsgaied  by  seed,  );rafts,  or  layers.  Grafting 
on  the  common  hazel  is,  howerer,  the  moat  general  wuy,  si  the  nut  often 
proves  abortive. 

■  3.  C.  bostba'ta  Ait.     The  beakedL  American, 
or  Cuckold,  Haiel. 

Jdatlifieiamt.     All.  Hcirl.  Ktw.,  1  p.  K4.  i  Mlchi  Amci..  I.  p.  9)1. 

Sfim^mti.    C.  Ijli*ilrl>.  4t.  anm.  Firg.  Isl.;  C,  comtit*  Rorl. 

EmgrafhiM.    Ouijtg.  J7E7.  fron  A  ipflclm'n  In  tbe  Hrltlih  Mveuiii 

ulbcTcd  In  ■kiluiPD,  uid  Ibovinf  Ihe  dmIb  cftlkliu  to^liinLDf  La 

fjtfc.  Char.,  Jfc.     Stipules  linear-liinceolaCe.     Leaves 

ovate-oblong,  acuminate.      Invulucre  of  the  fruit 

tubular,  campanutale,  larger  than  the  nut,  8-partite ;  . 

divisions  inciso-dentale.    (tfiild.)     A  bushy  deci- 
duous shrub.     Canuiia  to  Carolina,  on  mountains. 

Hei);ht4ii.  (o  5fL     Introduced  in  1T45.     Flowers 

and  fruit  as  in  the  common  hazel. 

Uesembling  the  common  European  hazel,  but  dis- 
tinguished from  it  by  its  Truit  bumg  covered  with  the 
calyx,  which  is  prolonged  in  the  form  of  a  long  very 
hairy  beak ;  and  hence  tbe  name.  "".  cmhui 

■  4.  C.  ambbica'na  Midtx.     The  American  HazeL 

ill.  Adv..  1.  p.  110.  {  WUld.  Sp,  Fl..  4,  p.  VI.  i  LoU.  Cit.,  r^ 


'   Spcf.  Char.,  ifc.      Leaves  roundish,   cordali . 

lucre  of  the  fruit  roundish,  canipanulalE,  longer  (ban  the  nut ; 
limb  spreailing,  dentately  serrated.  ( WUld.)  A  deciduous 
shrub.  Canada  to  Florida,  in  low  shady  woods.  Height  4  fi. 
to  8  ft.      Introduced  in   1798.      Flowers  and  fruit  as  b  the 


.iM.^™rt.  It  differs  from  C. 
rostrata  about  as 
much  as  the  filbert  from  the 
European  hazel.  The  calyx  is 
larger  than  the  included  nut, 
the  flavour  of  the  kernel  of 
which  is  said  to  be  very  fine. 

a  fimx  Wall.  PI.  As.  Ear. 
t.  87.,  and  our  fg.  1729.,  in 
which  a  is  the  nut  with  its 
deeply  laciniated  calyx ;  b,  the  | 
nut  ;  c,  the  kernel  ;  and  d,  a 
lonotudinal  section  of  the  nut, 
witn  the  kemel  enclosed.  The 
leaves  are  oblong,  and  much 
pointt^d.  Stipules  linear-lance- 
otste.  Nut  compressed,  and 
hair  the  length  of  the  villous, 
S-parted,  rajnied,  and  spinous 
involucre.  (WM.)  A  decidu- 
ous tree,  20  ft.  high,  with  a 
trunk  sometimes  8  ft.  in  cir- 
cumference, and  somewhat 
glabrous    ash-cokiured    bark. 


926 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


Nepal,  on  the  mountain  Sheopur.    Flowering  in  September,  and  bearing  firoit 
in  December  and  January. 


to  Ike  w- 


Order  LXXI.    GARRY J'CEjE. 

OHD.  Cbar,  Flowert  unisexual ;  those  of  the  two  sexes  upon  dstiDct 
plants.  — Male.  Flowers  in  pendulous  catkin-like  racemes,  within  cooiate 
bracteas.  Co/yx  4-leaved.  Stamens  ^^-^  Female  f  /^oiivrt  in  pendukws 
catkin-like  racemes,  within  connate  bracteas.  Calyx  connate  with  the  oftfr, 
2-toothed.  Ovary  1-celled.  Styles  2,  setaceous.  Ovules  2,  pendukMS, 
with  funiculi  as  long  as  themselves.  Fruit  a  berried  pericarp,  not  opeoia^ 
containing  2  seeds.  Embryo  very  minute,  in  the  base  of  a  great  mass  of 
fleshy  albumen.  (G.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  serrated  or  entire.^ 
Flowers  in  long  pendulous  catkins.  fVood  without  distinct  coooer*^ 
zones.  —  Shrubs  evergreen ;  natives  of  California  and  Mexico. 

Genus  I. 

a 

QA'RUYA  Doug.    Thb  Garrya.    Lin.  Syst.  Dioe'cia  Teti4ndria. 

Jdemt0caHom,    Lindl.  in  BoL  Reg.,  t  1686. 

DerHmikm.    Named  by  Mr.  DooglM  In  compliment  to  NiAotM  Qtmy^  Etq^  Seeratai^ 

•on'i  Bay  Company,  to  whoie  kindness  ana  assistance  he  was  much  indeoted  during 

North-west  America. 

Gen.  Char.     See  Ord.  Char. 

Only  two  species  have  been  introduced,  which  are  very  ornamental,  gror 
in  loamy  soil,  and  are  propagated  by  layers. 

ai  1.  6.  BLLi'PTiCA  Doug.    The  elliptic-leaved  Garr}'a. 

Uentifieatkm.    Bot  Reg.,  1. 1686. 

Emgra9img$,    BoC  Reg.,  1. 1686.  {  and  omjig.  1780. 

Spec.  Char..  Sfc.  Branches,  when  young,  pubescent  and 
purplish ;  when  older,  smooth  and  greyish.  Leaves 
opposite,  exstipulate,  wavy,  on  short  footstalks,  oblong- 
acute,  leathery,  evergreen  ;  dark  green  and  shining 
above ;  hoary  beneath,  with  simple,  twisted,  interwoven 
hairs.  (Lmdl.)  An  evergreen  shrub.  North  Carolina. 
Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  in  America ;  in  England,  8  fk.  to 
10  ft.  Introduced  in  1828.  Flowers  greenish  white, 
or  yellowish  ;  November  to  February. 

Only  the  male  plant  is  in  the  country.  When  in 
flower  this  shrub  has  a  most  striking  and  graceful  appear- 
ance, from  its  slender  pendulous  catkins,  many  of  which 
are  from  8  in.  to  1  ft.  in  length.  It  was  at  first  grown  in 
peat,  but  appears  to  prefer  a  loamy  soil.  It  is  readily 
increased  by  layers,  and  by  cuttinss  in  sand  under  u 
hand-glass.  In  British  gardens  it  is  about  as  hardy  us 
the  common  laurustinus. 

m  2.  G.  laurifo'lia  Hartw.    The  Laurel-leaved  Garrya. 

I4efUifieaUo».    Bentfaam,  Plantae  Hartwegian*,  p.  60. ;  Gard.  Mag.,  vol.  zvL  p.  617. 
" ' —     Ova  fig.  1781.  from  a  specimen  in  the  Lambertian  heftarinm. 


1730.   G 


^p€c»  Char,,  ^c.      Leaves  elliptic  oblong,  very  entire,  or  minutely  deatatfr 


LXZII.  putana'C££:   PLA^TANUB. 

Floiren  in  both  aetet  aolitary,  ojqxwte,  att- 
■ile ;  one  Mated  in  every  bract,  and  shorter, 
(BenlA.)  An  erergreea  shrub,  or  low  tree. 
Mexico,  on  nunintain*.  H^it  Id  (t.  to  18  fL, 
and  in  lOTDe  places  with  a  trunk  8  ft.  in  di- 
ameter. Introduced  in  1830.  Ualj  one  plant 
of  thit  verjr  desirable  evergreen  has  been  niaed 
in  the  Horticultural  SocieQF'a  Garden. 

Ottn-  ^xcKi  cf  GArry*.  —  O.  iJndUyi,  con- 
ndered  by  Mr.  Bentham  aa  a  variety  of  G. 
/aurifdiia ;  O.  macroph^lla,  with  round  leavet, 
Raembling  those  of  the  common  wayfaring  tree  ; 
G.  obl6ngB,  with  very  small  leaves,  very  much 
resembling  the  amallEat  leaves  on  the  ftu^^us 
/'lex  ;  and  O.  ovkta,  with  small  round  leaves, 
about  the  nee  of  those  of  the  common  plum,  are 
described  in  Bentham's  Planla  Hariwe^ana,  Irom 
specimens  collected  by  M.  Hartw^  ui  diferent 
parts  of  Mexico.  ini. 


Order  LXXII.    /'LATANA'CE.ffi. 

OitD.  Cbab.  Fltnovrt  unisexual,  collected  into  globose  or  oblong  cat- 
kdn>  of  ditf^nt  sexes,  involucrated  or  naked. — ^ofmlc  Jlewer  haniu  the 
perianth  composed  of  numerous  small  linear  pieces,  intermixed  with  the 
stamen. — Ffnale  Jtower  with  the  scales  absent,  or  intermixed  with  the 
flowers ;  perianth  adhering  to  the  ovarium,  cup-shaped,  or  ending  in  small 
pilose  bristles.  Carprli  1  or  2,  l-celled,  homed  at  apex,  coriaceouB.  Seedt 
solitary  in  the  cells,  pendjlous.     Aibmam  none.  (G.  JOim.) 

Lamt  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous;  palmate.  .FTouwn  inglo> 
bular  catkins.  —  Iiofty  deciduous  trees,  with  widely  spreading  biBnches, 
dense  foliage,  and  bark  scaling  off  in  hard  ur^ular  patches.  Natives  of 
the  East  of  Europe,  West  of  Aria,  and  North  of  A&ica,  and  of  North 
America.  In  Britain,  they  are  chieSy  planted  for  oraament,  and  they  suc- 
ceed in  any  free  moiat  soil,  in  a  sheltered  situation.  They  are  readily  pro- 
pagated by  layers,  or  even  by  cuttings,  and  someumes  by  seeds.  The  cause 
of  the  scaling  and  (ailing  off  of  the  berk.  Dr.  LindW  states  to  be  the 
ri^dity  of  its  tissue ;  on  account  of  which  it  is  incapable  of  stretching  aa 
the  wood  beneath  it  increases  in  diameto'. 

Gehus  I. 


The  Plane  Tbse. 


d,  la  ScdUukI,  to  Ihc  J'ckt  FHildo-FUUniu  <He  p.  Il40  i  prob4blj 
'--  -    "irklnton.  Rnl  olIMllhu  lh>  plute  traa.  from  tha  mliOksot 
IsHi «( lU  Iviv,  IhU  It  HH  tba  plin  DM  of  Ui>  ndanu. 

Gn.  Char.     See  Ord.  Char. 

lliere  are  only  two  species  btroduced  into  Europe;  one  of  which,  P. 
orientAlis,  is  found  to  be  much  hardier  than  P.  ocddenulk,  tbotijh  the  Utter 


92p  arboretum  et  fruticetuh  britamnicuu. 

grows  more  rapidly, 

attains  a  larger  size, 

and    may  be   propa- 
gated    much     more 

readily    by   cuttings.  , 

Both    species    ripen   . 

seeds  in   Britain,  in 

fine  seasons.    F.  oc- 

cidenlklis    is   readily 

known  from  P.  on- 

entalis,  in  tlie  winter 

season,   by   its   bark 

scaling  on  much  less  r.mMmaat. 

freely,  or,  in  young 

or  middle-sized  trees,  scarcel;  at  all ;  and,  in  .    . 

leaves  having  red  petioles,  and  being  but  slightly  lobed  (J^.  1732.  a),  in- 

steed  of  being  palmate  like  those  of  P.  orientalis  <^.  1732.  b),  which  bm 

green  petioles,  and  by  its  globjlar  catkins  being  neany  smooth,  while  tboK 

of  P.  orientalia  are  rough. 

t   1.  P.  oRlBNTAt.is  L.     The  Oriental  Plane. 
AdUdlaBfn.    Un.  Hart.  CllCt4].  1  Wmd.  Sp.  Fl.,  t.  p.  lT3,i  N.  Du  Hud..1.  p.  I. 
Sfmaifma.    Pitunul  orimlilli  Tin  Part.  TitatT.  ^tiJ.,  Bu  Han,.  Arb.  1.  I   33.  1  Fltfu  <i 

rOrlail.  rr.;  MorgolUDdUdm  PliUniia,  Orr.  I  DoDlli,  Arabic  i  Chlnar.  Pflnn. 
£iWmrui.    Du  Hun.  Arb,.  t.  3). ;  K.  Du  fUm.,  1  t,  I.  i  Dend.  Biil.,  t.  101.  ;  the  pl^m  cf  Ifes 

'^Ifl  oUlm  trsDiTerielr  cut.  »  u  to  diiplaj  the  paltlon  or  the  flovera  m  ihc  orbvnkr  rp- 

e.  tilt  loofltudlnd  Kcllon  or  1  uel  ^  and/,  an  intJrc  k«1.' 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  5-lobed,  jialiiiate,  wedge-shaped  at  the  base ,  the 
divisions  lanceolate,  sinuated.  Stipules  nearly  entire.  (}ViiJd.)  A  lar|C. 
deciduous  tree.  The  Levant.  Height  60  It  to  UO  ft.  ;  with  awide-spreadtae 
head.  In  British  gardens  before  IMS.  Flowers  greenish  yellow ;  ApriL 
May.     Fruit  brown  j  ripe  in  October )  persistent  great  part  of  the  winter, 

1  P,  0,  8  acfTiJoSa  Ait.  Hort,  Kew.  iii.  p.  36*.  P.  o  j^'ceris  folio  Totn. 
Cor.  41.,  Arb.  2. 1  P.  acerifolia  wjld.  Sp.  PI.  iv,  p.  474. ;  P.  iwa- 
media  Hort. ;  the  Maple-leaved  Plane  Tree.    ( The  plate  of  this  tm 


in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol.  viii.  j  and  our_;J».  J733.)  —  LMveteor- 
dUe,  Mobed,  remotely  dentate,  truncate  at  the  bue.  In  gencnl 
ifpeaiance,  habit  of  growth,  Stc.,  it  closely  resembles  tbe  spede*. 


LXXII.   PLATANA  CEX  t    PLA  TAHUS.  9 

t  P.  0.  3  hmSmca.  P.  hUpioica  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1636  ;  F.  mscrophl 
Cm  in  Don.  Cat.;  the  Spanish  Maple.  —  Leaves  rather  longer  tr 
thou  of  the  species,  but  it  is  in  other  respects  the  aame- 

T  P.  o.  4  ameata.  P.  o.  andulala  Ait.  Hori.  Kew.  iii.  p.  364.  ;  P. 
neila  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  It.  p.  473.    (The  plate  of  this  tree  in  Arb.  Bi 


lat  edit.,  vol.  viii.;  andour^.  1734.)— Leaves  3— 5-lobed,  dentate, 
and  wedge-shaped  at  the  Irase  ;  somewhat  glabrous.  This  is  a 
stunted-looking  low  tree  or  bush,  seidotn  seen  above  SO  ft.'  in  height, 
with  small  deepl;  cut  leftves. 
The  oriental  plane  is  one  of  the  noblest  trees  of  the  East,  where  it  grows 
to  the  height  of  70  h.  and  upwards,  widi  widely  spreading  branches  and  a 


e  tnink  ;  fbnning  altogethi 
cnred  to  that  of  the  jf'cer 
PseCldo-flataauB  ;  but  very 
little  use  is  made  of  it  in  the 


m^estic  tree.     The  wood  may  be  oom- 


ever  that  defends  us  so  well  i 
from  the  heat  of  the  sun  in  > 
summer,  or  that  admits  it 
more  kindly  in  winter.  Both 
propertieii  result  from  the 
large  size  of  its  leaves  :  in  { 
summer,  these  present  hori- 
zontal imbricated  masses, 
which,  while  they  are  favour- 
able to  the  passage  of  the 
breeze,  yet  exclude  both  the 
sun  and  the  rain  ;  while,  as 
tbe  diatance  at  which  the  branches  and  twigs  of  trees  are  from  one  another  ii 
always  proportionate  to  the  size  of  the  leaves,  hence  the  tree  in  winter  h 
more  than  usually  open  to  the  sun's  rays.     As  an  ornamental  tree,  no  oni 


ARBORSTUH    BT   FRUTICETUH   BRITANNICUM. 


which  Bttaini  so  large  a  size  has  a  finer  appearauce,  standinE  *iiiglj,  or  b 
gmall  groups,  upon  a  lawn,  where  there  is  room  to  allow  iulowestbrmncbei, 
which  stretch  themselves  horizoatHlly  to  a  considerable  distance,  to  bcnJ 
gracefully  towards  the  ground,  and  turn  up  at  their  eitremities.  The  pecubr 
characteristic  of  the  tree,  inileed,  is  the  combination  which  it  presents  <3 
majesty  and  gracefulness ;  an  exorcssion  which  is  produced  hv  the  msssiii:. 
and  yet  open  and  varied  character  of  its  head,  the  bending  of  its  branditN 
and  (heir  feathering  to  the  t'^und.  In  this  respect,  it  is  greatly  superior  tu 
the  lime  tree,  which  comes  nearest  to  it  in  the  general  character  of  the  head; 
but  which  forms  a  much  more  compact  and  lumpish  mass  of  fulia;^  in  uimiwr. 
and,  in  winter,  is  bo  crowded  with  brsnches  atid  spray,  as  to  prevmt,  it  ■ 
great  measure,  the  sun  from  penetrating  through  theni.  The  hcaii  of  the 
pUne  tree,  during  sunsliine,  often  abounds  in  what  painters  call  flickenie 
ligllta  ;  the  consequence  of  the  branches  of  the  head  separating  thonsefm 
into  what  may  be  called  horizontal  uadulating  strata,  or,  as  it  is  callnl  in 
artistical  phraseology,  horizontal  tuftini;,  easily  put  in  motion  hy  the  wind, 
and  through  openings  in  which  the  rays  of  the  sun  penetrate,  and  strtki  w 
the  foliage  below.  The  tree,  from  its  mild  and  gentle  expression,  its  usriiii- 
ness  for  shade  in  summer,  an<l  for  admitting  the  sun  in  winter,  is  pecufnrit 
adapted  for  pleasure-grounds,  and,  where  there  is  roam,  for  planting  nw 
houses  and  buildings.  For  the  latter  purpose,  it  !s  particular!;  well  adapted 
even  in  winter,  from  the  colour  of  the  bark  of  the  trunk,  whidi  has  a  grcnJi 
white  tint,  not  unlike  the  hue  of  some  kinds  of  freestone.  The  coloor  of 
the  foliage,  in  dry  soil,  is  also  of  a  dull  greyish  green  ;  which,  receiTin^tbe 
light  in  numerous  horizontal  tuftings,  readily  lurmoDises  with  the  tiot 
of  stone  walls.  It  appears,  also,  not  to  be  much  injured  by  stnoke,  siBce 
there  are  trees  of  it  of  very  considerable  size  m  the  very  heart  of  London. 

A  light  deep  free  soil,  Dioi?<t,  but  not  wet  at  bottom,  is  that  on  which  the 
Oriental  plane  tree  thrives  best ;  and  the  situation  should  be  shdtered,  but.  u 
the  same  time,  not  shaded  or  crowded  by  other  trees.  It  will  scarcely  gro* 
in  Btrone  clays,  and  on  elevated  exposed  places  j  nor  will  it  thrive  in  fitca 
where  (he  lime  tree  dues  not  prosper.  The  plaue  tree  may  be  propijited 
by  seeds,  layers,  or  cuttings.  The  seeds  should  be  gathered  in  (Mober  or 
November  ;  and,  the  balls  being  broken  by  the  hand,  or  by  threshing  with  a 
flail,  the  seeds  ma^-  be  separated  from  their  husks,  and  cleaned  br  tlw  usual 
nrocessea ;  and  either  Bown  immediately,  or  mi&ed  with  saod  or  6ik  isitdy 
mil,  and  proserved  in  a  place  secure  from  frost  till  Febniaiy  or  March.    Tkii 


Lxxiii-  balsama'ceje.  93! 

seedi  may  also  be  k^t  in  Uie  buus,  or  CBUine,  till  spring ;  either  by  allovlnp 
them  to  hang  on  the  tree,  or  by  gathering  them  in  autumn,  and  spreading 
them  out  in  a  dry  bri.  The  general  practice  is  to  sow  the  seedi  in  aulumii; 
or  03  soon  ea  gathered,  or  received  from  the  Continent ;  cbooeing  a  moist 
rich  soil,  and  a  shaiiy  situation,  and  covering  them  as  lightly  as  those  of  the 
birch  or  alder  are  covered,  or  beating  ihein  in  with  the  back  of  the  spade,  and 
not  covering  them  at  all ;  and  protecting  the  beds  with  litter  of  some  sort,  to 
exclude  the  frost.     Tbe  plants  will  come  up  the  following  spring. 

I  2.  P.  occidgnta'lis  L.     The  Western  Plane. 

«»*.»««..  >.  mlde?illili.  jeu  Ti'rrlnitnili  fcr*."r*™(r.'n!V,  "dh  Ham.  'dri:  t.  M. ;  Bullon 
•xxia.  WUer  Bwcb.  Srcmmnrc  Culuil  Tr«.  Amir.  ;  flJiUnt  de  Virgdnte,  Fr. 


h:;iJiic.  tin  lodlilltdinal  mUon  of  a  well  i  Ind/,  in  enUtetacd. 

^fc.  Char.,  ^c,  l.eave5  5-angled,  obsoletely  lobed,  dentate,  wedge-shaped 
at  the  baae  I  downy  beneath.  (H'uM.)  A  large  deciduous  tree.  Atlantic 
and  Western  States.  Height  TO  or  80  feet ;  with  a  widely  spreading  head. 
Introduced  in  lti3G.  Flowers  greenish  ;  Hay.  Fruit  brownish  ;  ripe  in 
October  and  November. 

The  American,  or  Western,  pl»ne  is  of  much  more  rapid  and  upright  growth 
than  the  Oriental  plane  ;  with  broader  and  less  deeply  cut  leaves,  red  petioles, 
and  fruit  comparatively  smooth,  and  considembly  larger.  The  bark  is  said  to 
scale  off  in  larger  pieces,  and  the  wood  to  be  more  curiously  veined.  In  all 
other  respects,  the  descriptive  par- 
ticulars of  both  trees  are  the  same. 
Therateof  growth  of  i*. occldentiilis,  « 

when  placeil  near  water,  is  so  rapid,  ' 
that  in  10  years  it  will  attain  the  : 
height  of  40  ft.  ;  and  a  tree  in  the  ; 
Palace  Garden  at  Lambelb,  near  a 

Cond,  in   30  years  had  attuned  the  f 

eiyht  o(  80  ft. ;  with  a  trunk  8  ft.  in 
circumference  at  3  It.  from  the  ground; 
and  the  diameter  of  the  head  48  ft. 
This  was  in  1817.  In  May,  ISliT, 
ue  had  the  portrait  of  this  tree  taken, 

which   will   be  found   in  Ari.  Bnl.,  !,„.  ,.„„_»,„. 

1st  edit.,  p,  2044.,  when  it  was  up- 
wards of  100  ft.  in  height.  Uses,  culture,  soil.  &c.,  as  in  P.  orientilis,  with  this 
difference :  that  cuttiof^s  root  much  more  r^dily  ;  that  tbe  tree,  to  attain  a 
very  large  size,  requires  a  moisier  soil,  or  to  be  placed  near  water ;  that  it  is 
less  hardy,  and  also  less  ornamental,  though,  n*oin  being  more  readily  pro- 
pagated, it  is  much  more  frequently  planted. 


4  jk$  I*' 


Order  LXXIII.     BALSAMA'CEjE. 

tSD.CHAB.     Flnwerl  unisexual,  in  different  catkins  on  the  same  plant.— 

jl/oZc  catkita  In  an  upright  raceme.     Stamejit  numerous,  mixed  with  scales, 

on  a  connate  receptacle.  —  FemaU  catkim  solitary,  below  the  male  ones. 

globose,  on  longer  stalks.    Ottaria  many,  S.K:elled,  each  surrounded  by  a 


982 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 


numerous,  or  solitary  by  abortion  ;   compressed,  membranous,    wii^il. 
Albumen  present.  (G,  Don.} 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  lobcd,  with  glandular  ler- 
ratures  at  the  edges.  Flowers  in  catkins,  greenish  yellow.  Fndi  in  g^obokr 
capsules,  brown. — Trees,  natives  of  Asia  and  North  America,  with  bean- 
tinil  foliage,  and  intense  fragrance.  Decaying  leaves  of  an  intense  pmpld 
Common  soil,  kept  somewhat  moist ;  and  seeds  or  layers. 

Genus  L 


m 


± 


LIQUIDA^MBAR  L,    The  Liquidambar.    Lin.  Syst.  Monoe'cia 

Poly&ndria. 

Identification.    Lin.  Gen.,  1076. ;  Rdch.,  1174. ;  Juts.,  410. 

^nonjfmes.    Altlng/a  Noronh. ;  Liquidambar,  Fr. ;  Ambarbaum,  Ger. 

Derivation,    From  liquithUt  liquid,  and  ambar,  amber ;  the  plants  exuding  a  liquid  gam. 

Gen.  Char.y  S^c.     See  Ord.  Char. 

¥  1.  L.  SttraciVlua  L.    The  Sweet-Gum  Liquidambar. 

JdenlUlcation.    Lin.  Sp.,  14I8w ;  Michx.  Arb.,  8.  p.  194. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  S.  p.  42. 

^fwmymes.    Liquidimbar  Arbor  Pluk.  Aim.  224.  t.  42.  f.  &  ;  Stfrxa  yf'cerfs  f51io  Rati  JSBit.  I«l 

Liquidflmbar  resineux,  Copalme  de  I'Amfirique,  Liquidambar  Copal,  Fr. ;  Flletsendef  AmiMff 

Ger. ;  Storace  liquida,  lUd. 
EngrmingM.    Du  Ham.  Arb.,  1.  1. 189. ;  Michx.  Arb.,  3.  t.  4. ;  the  platei  of  this  tree  In  Aib. 

1st  edit,  vol.  viii. ;  and  our  >^.  1738. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,    Leaves  palmately  lobed,  with  the  sinuses  at  the  base  of  tk 
veins  villose.  (Jf^t//t/.)   A  deciduous  tree.    North  America,  middle, 
and  southern  States.     Height  30  ft.  to  50  ft.    Introduced  in  1681. 
greenish  yellow  ;  March  and  April.     Fruit  brown  ;  ripe  in  October. 

The  liquidambar  generally  forms  a  branching  tree,  having  veiy  mncsi  tk 
appearance  of  a  maple.  The  leaves  die  off  of  an  intenselv  deq>  purplish  red. 
more  or  less  mixed  with  orange,  and  with  some  leaves  entirely  of  that  coknr. 
They  hang  on  the  trees  till  the  first  frosts,  when  they  drop  off  simuhaneoiistT. 
The  rate  of  growth  of  this  tree,  in  the 
climate  of  London,  is  from  8  ft.  to  10  ft.  in 
10  years  from  the  seed  ;  and  in  20  years  it 
will  attain  the  height  of  25  or  30  feet,  and 
flower  and  ripen  fruit.  In  Britain,  the  prin- 
cipal use  of  this  tree  is  as  an  ornament  to 
lawns  and  pleasure-grounds  ;  in  which  it 
has  a  most  striking  appearance,  when  the 
leaves  are  dying  off  in  autumn ;  and  it  is 
also  very  beautiful  throughout  the  summer, 
from  the  dark  green  and  glossy  surface 
of  its  elegantly  shaped  leaves.  When 
bruised,  the  leaves  are  fragrant  at  all  sea- 
sons ;  but  in  spring,  when  they  are  first 
unfolding,  after  a  warm  shower,  the  sur- 
rounding air  is  filled  with  their  refreshing 
odour.  The  liquidambar  has  a  decided 
preference  for  a  moist  soil,  and  will  only 
attain  a  timber-like    size    in    a    sheltered 

situation.  In  British  nurseries,  it  is  generally  propagated  by  layers,  which 
root  with  tolerable  facility,  and  may  be  taken  off  at  the  end  of  the  fifst 
autumn  after  they  have  been  formed.  It  is  also  propagated  by  seeds  inpoital 
from  America.  These  are  brought  over  in  the  cat^ns,  and  should  not  be 
taken  out  of  them  till  the  time  of  sowine ;  because  the  se^s,  like  those  of  the 
pine  and  fir  tribe,  do  not  keep  well  when  exposed  to  the  air.    Tbe  nNnd 


Lxxitt.  salsama'ce^:  liquida'mbar.  939 

prickly  catkins  ishich  contun  ihe  Beeda  are  hard,  and  not  remlily  broken  with 
the  hand  ;  but,  by  exposure  to  the  sun  or  to  fire  heat,  ttiey  crack  and  open, 
and  the  seeds  may  then  be  easily  shaken  out.  The;  may  be  sown  and  treated 
like  seeds  of  the  pine  and  fir  tribe  ;  but,  unlike  them,  they  lie  a  year  in  the 
ground  before  coming  up.  Seedlings  generally  attnin  the  hdght  ol  from  5  in. 
to  Sin.  the  first  year,  with  numerous  Sbrous  tooVt.  They  may  «ther  be 
transplnuted  that  year  or  the  next,  and  may  afterwards  undergo  the  usual 
routine  culture  in  nursery  lines,  till  they  are  wanted  for  final  transplanting. 

I  2.  L.  imbe'rbb  (fil/d.     The  beardless,  or  Oriental,  Liquidambar, 

tUnlificaHm.    WIHd.  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  *TB. ;  AH.  Hon.  Km..  3.  p.  SM.iN.  Du  Km.,  I  p.  M. 
SjiKntma,    L.  aiimiitit  Hitt.  6<a.  Na.3.1  ?iniuiiui  orintMii  >acpci.  ttoLi.  1.99.1  L.lB. 

EMgrmrimgM.    ?  Pocock.  1[]d.,S.  t.  B9.;  Uldaur^lf.  1739. 

l^Kc.  Char.,  4^0.  Leaves  nainiBte-lobed,  with  the  sinuses  at  the  base  of  the 
fdns  ;  smooth.  (WUM.)  A  low  stunted  tree,  or  large  bush,  of  slow 
erovth,  with  numerous  small  branche&tcrowded  together  into  an  irregular 
head.  Levant.  Height  10  ft.  to  20.  ft.  Introduced  in  1759.  Flowers  ?. 
The  youug  shoots  are  pliant  and  reddish  ;  the  leaves  are  much  like  those  of 
the  preceding  species,  but  smaller,  and  more  resembling  those  of  the  common 
uiaple ;   because   they  are   bluntly   notched,   while  the  others   are  acutely 


so.  (See.;^.  1T40.,  in  whieh  a  is  a  leaf  of  L.  Stvracttlua,  and  b  one  of  L.  im- 
berbe,  both  to  the  same  scale.)  The  veins  of  the  leaves,  in  this  species,  are 
naked,  while  in  the  other  they  are  hiury  at  the  base  of  the  midrib.  The 
flowers  are  disposed  like  those  in  the  precedii^  species,  and  the  fruit  is 
smaller,  and  more  sparincly  fiimished  with  pnckly  points.  The  rate  of 
growth,  in  the  chmate  of  London,  is  slow,  being  not  more  than  5  or  6  feet 
in  ten  years.  It  will  grow  in  a  soil  rather  drier  than  suits  the  preceding 
species;  though  Du  Hamel  was  informed  that  in  its  native  country  it  grows  in 
nioist  soil,  by  water,  like  the 


L.AUingSa  Bhme  Bjdr.  10.    - 
p.  5^7.   (Fl.  Jav..  t.  1.  i  and 
our  fK.  1741.)    Altingio  ex- 
celsa  Norottha  in  Batav.  Ver- 
hand.  5.  p,  1.,  Pert.  Syn.  2.  J 
p.  579.,  ^roig.  Si/il.  Vfg.  3,  ' 
p.    888.,     Lamberti     Genut 
Pittas,   I.  t,  39,40.;  Llgntim 
papuanum    Rumph.    Hitbar. 
Amboyn.   2.    p.  57. ;    Alting's 
Liquidambar. — Leaves  ovatc- 
oblong,   acuminate,    serrutcd, 
glabrous.  {Blame.)     A  tree, 
with  a  spreading  head,  from 
laO  ft.  to  200  ft.  high.    It  U 


934  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANN'ICUM. 

found  very  plentifuUv  in  the  provinces  of  Bantam  and  Buitenzorq  in  Batafis, 
at  an  elevation  of  from  2000  ft.  to  3000  ft. ;  but  in  the  East  of  Java  it  i& 
very  rare,  if  not  totally  wanting.  Noronha  first  described  this  tree  in  ibe 
Act,  Soc,  Batav. ;  but  he  bad  not  the  least  suspicion  that  it  belonged  to  the 
genus  Liquidambar  Linn,  Sprengel  imagined  that  this  tree  was  the  same  as 
our  Araucaria  exc^lsa ;  an  error  which  was  detected  by  the  description  and 
figure  of  Blume,  as  given  above. 


Order  LXXIV.     ilfYRICA^CEiE. 

Ord,  Char,  Flowers  disposed  in  unisexual  catkins,  each  scale  having  a 
flower  in  its  axil. — Male  fiowers  having  the  perianth  composed  of  3  scale- 
formed  pieces,  four  free  stamens. — Female  Howert  with  the  perianth  esi- 
larging  after  florescence,  each  composed  of  3 — 6  small  scales.  ChorwM 
simple,  free.  Stigmas  2,  filiform.  Drupe  globose,  dryish  when  ripe,  cob- 
taining  a  bony  valveless  nut.     Albumen  none  or  fleshy.  (G.  DonJ) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen  ;  entire  or 
pinnatifidly  toothed.  —  Shrubs ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  aad 
South  America.  The  genera  in  British  gardens  are  two,  which  are  thm 
contradistinguished :  — 

iT/vRi^CA.    Flowers  dioecious.    Fruit  resembling  a  berry. 
CoMPTo^N//^.     Flowers  monoecious.     Fruit  hard,  shining. 

Genus  I. 


JliTRrCA  L.    The  Candleberry  Myrtle.    Lin  Stftt.^  Diae'da 

Tetr&ndria. 

Identifleation.    T.in.  Gen..  618. ;  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  238. ;  N.  Du  Ham..  2.  p.  189. 

Sunonynus.    GaI6.  Fr. ;  Wachsttrauch.  Ger. ;  Mirica,  Itai. 

Derivation.    From  mjfro,  to  flow ;  the  plants  being  found  on  the  banks  of  riren. 

Gen,  Char,,  Sfc,  Male  fiowers  in  cylindrical  sessile  catkins.  Each  fljwe 
consists  of  4,  rarely  more,  stamens ;  these  are  inserted  at  the  b^se  ot  « 
bractea.  Bracteas  extending  beyond  the  stamens,  looiiely  imbricated.  ^ 
Female  fiowers  in  ovate  sessile  catkins,  with  closely  imbricate  bracteas; 
one  bractea  attends  2  flowers.  Each  flower  consists  of  a  calyx  Qi  i — ( 
very  minute  scales ;  an  ovary,  to  which  the  scales  adhere  ;  a  short  stjk: 
and  two  long  thread-shaped  stigmas.  Carpel  involucrated  by  the  adhenait. 
more  or  less  fleshy,  enlarged  calvx,  and  so  more  or  less  resembling  a  bem. 
(G,Ihn,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen  ;  more  or  kss 
serrated  ;  besprinkled  with  resinous  dots,  as  are  the  scales  of  the  buds  aoJ 
the  surface  of  the  fruit,  which  yield,  when  rubbed,  an  aromatic  odour. 
Flowers  in  axillary  catkins,  greenish  white,  expanding  early  in  the  year. — 
Shrubs,  natives  of  Europe  and  North  America.  They  are  of  low  growth, 
and  generally  require  a  moist  peaty  soil,  in  which  they  are  propagated  by 
layers,  suckers,  or  bv  division  of  the  plant.  The  American  species  i» 
sometimes  propagatea  by  seeds,  which  should  be  sown  in  autumn,  as  soon 
after  they  are  received  from  America  as  po.ssible ;  for,  if  kept  oat  of  the 
ground  till  spring,  they  will  not  come  up  till  the  spring  foUowmg. 

^  i,  M,  Ga^LE  L.     The  Sweet  Gale  Candleberry  Myrtle,  Sweet  WUIom,  or 

Dutch  Myrtle, 
lientifieauon.    Lin.  Sp.  PL,  1453. }  Eng.  Flor.,  4.  p.  239.  i  Fl.  Hlbern.,  p.  297. 


LZXIV.   JfYRICA  CEJB. :    UYB.I  CA. 


'e  Ht  the  base. 
9   pointed.    (Smilk.)     A  deoduous  aromatic  ihrub. 
Europe,  6»in  Norway  to  Loaibardy,  the  North  of  Asia,  and  in  great  part 


1  during  the 
wtnier,   expanding  the  following    Eprine,  before   the 
leaves.      The  flower  buds  are  abore  the  leaf  buds. 
at  the  end  of  the  branches  ;  whence,  as  soon  as  the 
fructification    is  completed,   the   end   of   the   branch 
dies,  the  leaf  buds  which  are  on  the  aides  shoot  oJt, 
and    the   Btems   become   compound.      The   Hcales  ol 
'^  the  male  catkins  are  of  a  red  shbiog  brown ;  and  the 
"^  lower  ones  of  the  female  catkins  have  a  circlet  of  red 
^  bain  towards  the  ti|).     The  berries  are 
'  very  small,  and  covered  with  resinous 
dots,  like  the  leaves.    The  phut  is  com-  i 
man  in  bogs.     The  gale  is  the  badge  of 
t  the  Highland  clan  Campbell.     A  variety  » 
.    with  larger  leaves,  &c.,  is  rpentioned  by  ^ 

Mirbel,  and  a  figure  of  it  given  in  the 
h  Mim.  Mm.,  14.  p.  474.  t.  26.,  of  which 
our^,  1743.  is  a  reduced  copy.  iia.a.eu. 

;a  L.     The  eommon  Wait-beariog,  or  American,  Candleberrv 
Mjnle. 

.  Msa.  ;  WIIU.  3p.  PI..  4.  p.  )4Ei  ;  Punh  Fl.  Ansr.  Sept..  1,  p.  KD, 

1  Ultiutlftill*  All.   Uort.  Kan.  >.  p.  aUS.  ;  Mfitui  bntllllUci,  KC,  F^li. 

__.  FTd^LauiiliDC.  A.;  A1tRrDdellanrm,>laJ. 

■ntningt.    Fllk.  AliD..  I.  Ui.  I.  S.  :  Ctt.  Cu-,,  I.  t  «9, 

Stta.    Onl>  Uia  nult  U  In  the  Hicknuy  Arbsnlunii  but,  u  hhIi  m  BISIHllr  LmpnrUd  fram 

Spec.  Char.,  S^:.  Leaves  lanceolate,  pointed,  serrated,  flat,  somewhat  shin- 
ing. (^Lam.')  A  large  evergreen  shrub.  Cunada  to  Carolina,  in  moist  soil. 
Hnght  5  ft.  to  12  fl.  Introduced  in  1S9!>.  Flowers  reddlbh  green  ;  May 
or  June.     Fruit  white  ;  ripe  in  October. 

•  M.  r.  S  latifolia  Ait.  M.  c.  media  Mickr. ; 
M.  carolin^nais  WiUd.,  Ptmh  Fl.  A«ur. 
Sept.  ii.  p.  6£0. ;  M.  pennsylvfcnica  ham,, 
K.  Du  Ham.  ii.  p.  190.  I.  56.,  and  our 
fig.  1744. ;  M.  c  sempervirens  Hort,  i 
Jt/yrtus  brabintica  Cat.  Car.  i.  t,  13.  i 
Cerier  de  Pennsylvanie,  Fr. ;  Curbli* 
nischcr  Wachastrauch,  Ger. ;  the  broad* 
leaved  American  Candleherry  Myrtle.  — 
This  variety  has  the  leaves  broader  than 
those  of  the  species,  and  an  arborescent 
stem.  According  to  the  Nouveau  Du 
Hamet,  it  ia   hardier  than   M.   cerifera.  „,,    Ke.iuniM. 

Cultivated  in  England  before  l7ao. 
Its  general  appearance  and  habits  closely  resemble  those  of  the  European 
species ;  the  leaves  are,  however,  larger,  and  more  serrated  ;  they  are  eier- 
greeo,  ■Dd  in  M.  c.  latifolia  greatly  resemble  those  of  the  sweet  bay,     "Hie 
3a  4 


936 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


male  catkins  are  axillary  and  sessile ;  but  have  not  the  shining  scales  of  the 

ilfyrica  Gale,    The  fruits  are  globose  drupes,  about  the  bigness  of  a  grain  of 

black  pepper ;  covered  with  an  unctuous  substance  as  white  as  snow,  which 

gives  them  the  appearance  of  a  kind  of  sugar  pluoL    Like  the  Jiyrica  Gait 

of  Europe,  it  delights  in  wet  places  about  swamps  or  rivers. 

In  France  and  Germany,  it  has  been  cultivated  with  a  view 

to  its  producing  wax ;  and  it  is  said  to  thrive  in  sandy  peat, 

rather  moist,  and  to  produce  an  abundant  crop  of  berries 

everv  year.     In  Prussia,  it  has  been  cultivated  in  a  garden 

on  the  banks  of  the  Spree,  near  Berlin,  in  iat.  52^  53'' ;  which 

is  nearly  \\  degree  farther  north  than  London,  but  where  the 

mean  annual  temperature  is  2°  9^  higher  than  London  ;  and 

wax  and  candles  have  been  made  from  the  fruit. 

M.  spathuldta  Mirb.  Mem.  Mus.  14.  p.  4-74.  t.  28.  f.  1.; 
and  our  JSg.  1745.  —  Leaves  spathulate,  blunt,  quite  entire, 
glabrous.  Male  catkins  sessile,  axillary,  solitary,  shorter  than 
the  petioles.  A  tree,  with  smooth,  cylindrical  branches. 
Leaves  1  in.  to  24  in.  lone,  and  4  in.  to  1  in.  broad.  Found  in 
Madagascar  by  M.  Perodet.    l4ot  yet  introduced.  "*^ 


Genus  II. 


□ 


COMPTO'N/il  Solan.     The  Comptonia.    Lin.  Sy^t.  MonoeNna 

Identifleaikm.    Ait.  Hort.  Kew.,  2  ed.,  5.  p.  254. ;  Gertn.  Fruct.,  I.  p.  58. ;  N.  Da  Haa^  8. F  4L 
Synonffme*,    Llqaidimbar  Lm,  8p. ;  if  jrlca  Lm.  Hurt.  Clifft  456. ;  GHe  PeCiT.  Miu.  77S. ;  Coir 

tone,  /V-. ;  Comptonie,  Ger. 
Derivation.    Named  bj  Dr.  Solander  in  honour  of  Henry  Com/bAom,  Bishop  of  Loadm.  the  i»> 

troducer  and  cultJrator  of  many  curious  exotic  plants,  and  one  of  the  greatest  patrons  of  booor 

and  gardening  of  his  time. 

Gen,  Char,  Male  catkins  lateral,  cylindrical,  of  several  flowers.  Bnetess 
imbricated.  Flower  of  3  twin  stamens,  seated  towards  the  base  of  a  bisc- 
tea  ;  sessile.  Anthers  2-lobed,  opening  at  the  side. — F^rma/^  catkins  latenl, 
ovate,  of  several  flowers.  Bracieaa  mibricated.  Flower  consisting  of  a 
calyx  and  pistil.  Calyx  free,  flat,  6-parted.  Segments  slender,  unequal  h 
length ;  the  longest  as  long  a^n  as  the  bractea.  Style  short.  Stigmat  i. 
Fruit  1-celled,  ovate,  hard,  shming,  attended  by  the  calyx.  Seed  1,  oni 
(G.  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous ; 
lanceolate,  pmnatifidly  toothed,   downv,   sprinkled 

■  with  golden,  resinous,  transparent  particles.  Flowers 
whitish. — Shrubs  dwarfish ;  natives  of  North  Ame- 
rica ;  fragrant,  from  the  resinous  particles  which  cover 
the  whole  plant.     Culture  and  soil  as  in  Jlfyrica. 

jk  1.  C.  itfSPLENiFoYiA  Solan,    The  Asplenium-leaved 

Comptonia. 

Identification,    Ait.  Hort.  Kew.,  6.  p.  2S34. ;  Purih  Fl.  Amer.  Sept. 
2.  p.  635.  i       r  .  K    . 

Synonymes.    LiquidAmbar  osplenifblium  Lin.  Sp.  HIS. ;  L.  peregrl- 

num  Lm.  Syst,  860. ;  ifyrica  Lin.  Hort.  Cliff.  466. ;  G^le  marttna 

Vet.  Mu$.  773. ;  A/^rtus  brabintlca  afflnis  Flvk.  Pkyt.  t.  lOa  C  6, 

7. ;  the  sweet  Fern  Bush,  Amer. 
Er^ravitut.     N.  Du  Ham.,  1. 11.;  Dend.  Brit,  t.  166. ;  and  our 

S{iec.  Char,,  4"^.  Leaves  long,  linear,  alternate,  cre- 
nately  pinnatifid.  (WUld,)  A  deciduous  shrub.  New 
Bngland  to  Virginia,  in  sandy,  stony,  or  slaty  woods. 


Lxxv.  gneta'ceje:  ^'phedra.  937 

Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.     Introduced  in  1714.      Flowers,  in  sessile  catkins, 
brownish  ;  March  and  April. 

The  young  branches  are  downy.  Leaves  alternate,  oblong,  linear ;  cut  on 
each  side  into  rounded  and  numerous  lobes,  like  those  of  the  ceterach ;  and 
sprinkled  with  shining  dots,  like  those  of  the  gales.  This  shrub  is  very  hardy, 
Dut  it  requires  peat  earth  and  a  shadv  situation.  Propagated  by  layers,  suck- 
ers,  or  seeds.  The  first  and  second  methods  are  the  most  common,  as  good 
seeds  can  rarely  be  procured. 


Order  LXXV.     GNETACEJE. 

Ord.  Char.  Floivers  unisexual,  disposed  in  aments,  which  are  involucrated 
by  opposite  or  decussate  connate  scales.  —  Malefiower  with  a  1 -leaved 
perianth,  which  is  transversely  cleft  at  apex,  and  branched  into  1-  or  many- 
anthered  filaments  ;  cells  of  anthers  separate  or  combined,  each  opening  by 
a  pore  at  apex. — Female  flower  composed  of  2  connate  scales.  Ovarium 
1-celled,  perforated  at  apex.  Ovuium  solitary.  Fntit  indehiscent,  drupa- 
ceous.   Aibumen  Beshy.  (G.Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  caducous;  linear,  and  scale-like. 
Flowerz  in  terminal  catkins.  —  Shrubs  evergreen,  from  the  colour  of  the 
bark,  with  tubular  jointed  stems  and  branches.  Natives  of  Europe,  Asia, 
and  Afirica.     Cultivated  in  sandy  soil ;  and  propagated  by  division. 

Genus  L 


□□ 


EPHEDRA  L.    The  Ephedra.    Iau,  SytU  Dice  cia  Monadelphia. 

Jdentifieation.    Lin.  Gen.,  1186.  \  N.  Da  Ham.,  8.  p.  17. 

DerieaUon.    From  epAedro,  Uie  Greek  name  for  the  Iflppiirii,  or  Horwtail,  which  It  reeembles. 

Gen.  Char.     See  Ord.  Char. 

Low  shrubs ;  evergreen,  from  the  colour  of  the  bark  of  their  branches,  and 
in  that  respect  resembling  the  genera  Casuarina  and  .Equisetum.  They  are 
natives  of  the  South  of  Europe,  Barbary,  and  Siberia,  on  the  sea-shore,  or  in 
saline  or  sandy  wastes ;  and  tney  have  been  but  little  subjected  to  cultivation. 
According  to  Du  Hamel,  they  bear  the  shears  well,  and  form  beautiful  round 
balls,  which  may  either  be  made  to  appear  as  if  lying  on  the  ground,  or  may 
be  supported  on  a  short  stem.  The  lower  sorts,  Du  Hamel  continues,  may 
be  clipped  to  resemble  turf;  and  for  that  purpose  the  plant  may  be  valuable, 
in  some  parts  of  Australia  and  Africa,  to  form  lawns  which  shall  create  an 
allusion  to  temperate  climates.  The  saving  by  using  such  plants  as  J^phedra, 
which  would  require  little  or  no  watering,  instead  of  a  great  deal,  as  the 
European  grasses  do  in  such  a  climate,  would  be  very  considerable. 

n.  \.  E.  dista'chta  L,    The  two-spiked  Ephedra,  Great  shrubby  Horse" 

taily  or  Sea  Grape^ 

Identijleatkm.    Lin.  Sp.,  1472. ;  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.,  ed.  1.,  3.  p.  16. 

Wunonifmes.    fphedra  yalgirii  Rich.  Mhn,  Cor^f'  p>  26.  t  4.  f.  1. ;  Polygonum  marlnum  Tabem. 

le.  «36. :  P.  AunlifdUwn,  &c.,  Bauh.  Pin.  16. ;  £'phedra  marltlma  miUor  Toum.  Irut.  663.  j  Raisin 

de  Mer,  Ephddre  multiflore,  Fr. ;  Zweyahriger  Ross  Schwanz,  Ger. 
The  Sexe$.    Both  are  figured  in  Tabemcmontanus,  in  Cluslus,  and  In  Richard. 
MngramngM.    Du  Ham.,  1. 1.  pi.  9S. ;  Rich.  M6m.  Conif.,  t.  4.  f.  1. ;  and  our  ^«.  1747.  and  1748. 

or  the  natural  sUe. 

Spec.  Char.^  ^c.    Peduncles  opposite.    Catkins  twin.  (Lin.)    A  small  ever- 


ARDORETUH    ET  FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 


green  ebnib,  with  numerous  cylin- 
drical wuKl-like  branches,  articu- 
lated, «nd  furnished  at  each  arti- 
culation with  two  small  linear 
leaves.      South    of  France   and 


Spain,  in  landy  soils  on  the  sea- 
shore.    Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.     In- 
troduced    in      1750.       Flowers  """  "■— -^ 
whitish ;  June  and  July.     Berries  red  ;  ripe  in  August. 
As  far  as  we  liave  obBcrred,  justice  has  neter  been  done  to  this,  or  ui 

other  species  of  £'phedra,  in  British  gardens.     The  fruit  becomes  succuieni. 

like  ihut  or  the  mulberry,  with  a  slightly  acid  and  yet  sugary  and  ^rees!)lc 

taste,  and  might  be  cultivated  for  the  dessert. 


fujirimwi-     Unid.  Bill.  I 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.      Peduncles    many.      Catkins 
solitary.  (Lin.)      An  evergreen  shrub,  much   ( 
smaller,  and  hardier  than  E.  distachya.     '"■' 
beria,  near  suit  springs,  and  in  s  ' 
anil,   according    to   Pallas,   com: 
southern  parts  of  Russia,  fl-om  the  Don  a 
the  Volga  to  the  Leira ;   Persia  and   India.   \ 
Height   1ft.   to   3  ft.      Introduced   in  177!. 
Flowers  whitish ;  June  to  July.     Berries  red ; 
ms,  M.axmaa,^       fipc  in  August  and  September.  •■" 

The  Kergisi  use  the  ashes  of  the  wood  of  the  fphedra  for  snuf. 


.^^^i 


Order  LXXVI.     rAXA'CE.iE. 

Obd  Cbas.     Floral  Imdt  consisting  of  numerous  imbricate  scales.     Floxm 

diiEcious. — itfo/ellouurt  disposed  in  catkins,  each  consisting  of  a  scale;  a^ 

a  8-  or  many-celled  anther,  the   cells  dehiscing   longitudinally. Female 

Jlowen  solitary,  naked  or  bracteate.  Nat,  or  seed,  solitary,  surrouDded 
at  its  base  by  a  disk,  which  at  length  becomes  fleshy,  and  conceals  ttie 
greater  portion  or  the  whole  of  the  nut,  and  forms  with  it  what  maybe 
called  a  succulent  drupe,  except  in  Torreya,  where  the  nut  is  not  surroundni 
by  any  disk,  but  by  dry  scarcely  bcreasing  scales.     The  nut  or  seed  is 


Lxxvi.  TAXA^CEiB:  ta'xvs,  939 

covered  by  a  crustaceous  testa.  Embryo  in  the  axis  of  the  albumen.  Ao- 
dicie  at  the  apex  of  the  seed,  having  an  organic  connexion  with  the  albumen. 
(G.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate  or  distichous,  exstipulate,  evergreen  or  deciduous ; 
mostly  linear.  —  Trees  or  shrubs ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North 
America. 

The  genera  are  three,  which  are  thus  characterised  :  — 

Ta^xvs.     Dioecious.     Anthers  of  4—^  cells.     Nut,  or  seed,  surrounded  by  a 

fleshy  cupular  disk. 
Torile\a.    Dioecious.    Anther  8-celled.     Seed  not  surrounded  by  a  fleshy 

disk,  but  by  scales. 
SALisBU^R/ii.  Dioecious.  Anthers  2-celled.   Seed,  or  nut,  covered  by  the  fleshy 

persistent  disk. 

Genus  I. 


TA'XUS  L.    The  Yew.    Lin,  Syst.  Dice  cia  Monadelphia. 

Identification.  Lin.  G«n.,  532. ;  Jum.,  41S. ;  FL  Br.,  1086. ;  Tourn.,  t.  362. ;  Lam.,  t.  829. ;  GcrtD., 
t.  81. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  1.  p.  61. ;  Rich.  M^m.  Conif.,  p.  131.  t.  2. 

Derivation.  From  toson^  a  bow  ;  being  formerly  much  uied  in  making  them  :  or  lYom  to«ti,  ar- 
rani^ement ;  from  the  leave*  being  arranged  on  the  branches  like  the  teeth  of  a  comb :  or  fh>m 
iozicum^  poison ;  though  Plinjr  says  that  poison  (loxtciim)  was  so  named  flrom  this  tree,  which  was 
considered  poisonous.  The  derivation  of  the  term  Yew  is  supposed  to  be  from  the  Celtic  word 
»tr.  sometimes  pronounced  (f,  and  signifying  verdure ;  alluding  to  the  yew  being  an  evergreen : 
and  this  will  also  explain  the  French  name,  if. 

Gen.  Char.  Male  flower  consisting  of  anthers  upon  short  pedicels,  at  the 
top  of  a  column  that  has  imbricate  scales  at  the  base.  Anthers  with  4, 5,  6, 
or  rarely  more,  1 -celled  lobes,  attached  to  the  connectivum,  whose  tip  is  a 
horizontal  shield,  lobed  at  the  edge  ;  its  lobes  corresponding  in  number  and 

f)lace  with  those  of  the  anthers,  and  covering  them  ;  the  cells  opening 
ongitudinally.  — Female  flower  an  erect  ovule,  perfect  at  the  tip ;  with 
an  unobvious  annular  disk  at  its  base;  and,  exterior  to  this,  investing 
imbricate  scales.  Fruit  the  disk  at  the  base  of  the  ovule,  which  becomes 
a  fleshy  open  cup.     Seed  like  a  nut. 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  linear,  acute,  rigid,  more 
or  less  2-rowed  in  direction.  Flowers  whitish.  FruU  red,  pulpy.  —  Low 
trees  and  shrubs,  evergreen  ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America. 
Propagated  by  seeds  or  layers,  in  common  soil. 

1  1.  71  BACCA^TA  L.    The  berried,  or  common.  Yew. 

Identfflcation.    Lin.  Sp.  Fl.,  1472. ;  Eng.  Bot.,  t.  746. 

SyrumymeM.  7&xus,  No.  1663.,  Hall.  Hist.  2.  p.  322. ;  If,  Fr. ;  Ifenbaum,  Ihenbaum,  or  Elhenbaum, 
Ger.  \  Taxo,  ItaL  \  Texo,  Span. 

The  Sexes.  The  yew  being  almost  always  raised  f^om  seed,  the  male  and  female  plants  may  be  sup- 
posed to  be  nearly  equ^y  distributed,  both  in  natural  woods  and  in  artificial  plantations.  Both 
sexes  are  sometimes  found  on  the  same  tree.  As  far  as  we  have  been  able  to  observe,  says  White 
of  Selbome,  the  male  tree  becomes  much  larger  than  the  female  one. 

Engravings.  Eng.  Bot,  t  746. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  1.  t  19. ;  the  plates  of  this  tree  In  Arb.  Brit.,  1st 
edit.,  v^  vlii. ;  and  wafig.  1752. 

Spec.  Char.,  Spc.  Leaves  2- ranked,  crowded,  linear,  flat.  Receptacle  of  the 
barren  flowers  globular.  (Smith.)  An  evergreen  tree.  Europe  gene- 
rally f  in  loamy  soils  and  shady  situations.  Height  20  ft.  to  30  it.,  rarely 
40 it.    Flowers  white ;  March  and  April     Fruit  red;  ripe  in  September. 

Farielies. 

f  T.  b.  2  fistigiata.  T.  fastigiiita  LindL ;  T.  hibemica  Hook.,  Lodd. 
Cat.  ed.  1836;  (the  plate  of  this  tree  in  Arb,  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol. 
viii. ;  and  our^g.  1751.)  the  upright,  or  Florence  Court,  Yew;  the 
Irish  Yew.  Discovered  wild  at  the  former  place  about  1780. — 
This  is  a  very  distinct  variety,  readily  distinguished  from  the  species 


ARBORETVH   ET    FRUTICETUM   BKITANNICUH. 


roffth,  and  deep  green  leuves,  which  ue 
the  common  yew,  but  scat;ered.  All  tfae 
planU  of  this  variety  in  cultivation  are  of  the  female  sex  ;  and  tbe 
thiit  13  oblong,  and  not  roundish,  as  in  (he  common  rariety. 

•  '  T.  i.  3  procHmbeni.     T.  procumbens  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1636.  —  Lcnr 

and  somewhat  t  ruling. 

•  T.  J.  4  ericta.  The  upright  Yew, — A  seedling  from  T,  b  fastigiitt,  in 

which  the  leaves  are  2-ranked  as  in  the  commoa  yew,  out  tl>e 
branches  talce  an  upright  direction  as  in  the  Irish  yew. 

>  T.  i.  5  tpartijolia  Hort.^Lea»ea  scattered. 

■  T.  A.  6  klat  variegatu  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1B36. — Leaves  Tariegated  with 
whitish  yellow.     It  is  seldom  found  higher  than  a  large  shrub, 

•  T.  i.  7  fracto  luteo. — Fruit  yellow.     The  tree  does  not  difier,  other 

in  its  sh^e  or  foliage,  from  the  common  yew  ;  but,  when  cuveml 
with  its  berries,  it  forms  a  very  beautiful  object,  especially  when  con- 
trasted with  yew  trees  covered  with  berries  of  the  usual  coral  colour. 
There  are  fine  trees  of  this  variety  at  Clontnrf  Castle,  uear  Dublin. 
The  yew  is  of  slow  growth ;  hut,  in  favoumblc  situations,  it  will  attain  uw 
hdght  of  6  or  8  feet,  or  more,  in  10  years  from  the  seed.     In  80  years,  it  will 
attiun  the  bdghtof  15fL,  and  it  will  continue  growing  for  100  years ;  iftef 
which  it  becomes  comparatively  steuonary,  but  will  live  for  many  ceaturiei. 
When  drawn  up  by  other  trees,  or  by  being  planted  in  maases.  it  takes  some- 
what the  character  of  a  fir  j  and  may  be  ^und,  thus  circumstanced,  with  ■ 
clear  trunk  30  or  40  feet  high.   It  stoles  when  cut  down  under  20  or  30  yt*n 
of  age,  but  rarely  when  it  is  older.     In  a  wild  state  the  yew  aflbrds  food  to 
birds  by  its  berries ;  and  an  excellent  shelter  to  them  during  severe  weather, 
and  at  night,  by  its  dense  evergreen  foliage,  but  no  insects  live  on  it.     By  man. 
the  tree  has  been  applied  to  various  uses,  both  in  a  living  state,  and  when 
felled  and  employed  as  timber.    The  wood  is  hard,  compact,  of  a  fine  anil 
close  grain,  nexible,  elastic,  splitting  readily,  and  incorruptible.    It  i*  of  i 


LXXVI.    TAXA  CEX  :    TA  XUS 


fine  orange  red,  or  deep  brown;  and  the  sap  wood,  which  does  not  extend  to 
a  great  depth,  is  white,  and  also  very  iiard.  Where  the  two  woods  join, 
there  are  generallj  different  shades  of  red,  brown,  and  white :  both  woods 
are  susceptible  of  a  very  high  polish.  Varennes  de  Fenillet  states  that  the 
wood,  before  it  has  been  seasoned,  when  cut  into  thin  veneers,  and  innrersed 
some  months  in  pond  water,  will  take  a  purple  violet  colour ;  probably  owing 
to  the  presence  of  alkali  in  the  water.  According  to  this  author,  the  wood 
of  the  yew  weighs,  when  green,  HO  lb.  9  ol.  per  cubic  foot ;  an'*,  when  dry, 
61  lb.  T  oz.  It  requires  a  loneertime  to  become  perfectly  6r^  than  any  other 
wood  whatever ;  and  it  shriDka  so  little  in  drying,  as  not  to  lose  above  ^ 
part  of  its  bulk.  The  fineness  of  its  grain  is  owing  to  the  thinness  of  its 
annual  layers,  2B0  of  these  being  sometimes  found  in  a  piece  not  more  than 
20  in.  in  diameter.  It  is  univerxally  allowed  to  be  the  Gnest  European  wood 
for  cabinet-making  purposes.  The  principal  use  for  which  the  yew  was  cul- 
tivated, before  the  introduction  of  gunpowder,  was  for  making  bows;  but 
tnese  are  now  chiefly  made  of  foreign  wood.  For  details  respecdog  making 
bows  of  the  yew  tree,  see  Arb.  Brit.,  let  edit.,  vol.  iv.  p.  2086.  The  yew 
makes  excellent  hedges  for  shelter ;  undergrowth  for  the  protection  of 
game;  and.  when  planted  thick  on  suitable  soil,  so  as  to  be  drawn  up  with 
clean  an<'  atrai^t  trunks,  most  valuable  timber.  When  a  yew  hedge  is  wanted 
to  be  of  one  ^ade  of  green,  the  plants  should  all  be  raised  Irom  cuttings 
of  the  same  tree  ;  and,  when  they  are  intended  to  show  fruit,  in  order  to 
rival  a  holly  hedge,  only  female  plants  should  be  chosen  or  propMaled ;  and 
the  hedge,  like  holly  helges  kept  for  thdr  fruit,  should  be  cut  in  with  a  knife, 
and  never  clipped  with  the  shears.  Single  scattered  trees,  when  intended  to 
be  ornamental  by  their  berries,  should,  of  course,  always  be  females;  and,  in 
order  to  determine  their  lex,  they  should  not  be  removed  to  where  they  are 
6nally  to  remain  till  they  have  flowered.  This  may,  doubtless,  be  accelerated 
by  ringing  a  branch  on  each  plant  aller  it  has  attained  A  or  6  years'  growth. 


IS  rendered  fashioTi- 

able  by  Evelyn,  preriouslv  to  which  the  cllppbg  of  trees  as  garden  ornameots 
was  chiefly  coined  to  punts  of  box,  juniper,  &c.,  kept  by  the  commercial 


942  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

gardeners  of  the  day  in  pots  and  boxes,  and  trained  for  a  number  of  .rears,  tiU 
the  figure  reouired  was  complete.     Sometimes,  as  we  find  by  (ribsoo,  Bradley 
and  others,  clipped  plants  of  this  sort  sold  as  high  as  five  guineas  each ;  and, 
in  all  probability,  this  hi^h  price  first  led  Evelyn  to  the  idea  of  clipping  the 
more  nardy  yew  in  situations  where  it  was  finally  to  remain.     The  narrowness 
of  the  leaves  of  the  yew  renders  it  far  less  disfigured  by  clipping  than  even 
the  box ;  and,  as  it  is  much  hardier  than  the  juniper,  should  <3ip|jed  trees 
come  again  into  fashion,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  yew  would  be  pr^ 
ferred  to  all  others.    As  an  avenue  tree,  the  yew  may  be  considered  suitable 
for  approaches  to  cemeteries,  mausoleums,  or  tombs ;  and,  as  a  single  tree,  tor 
scattering  in  churchyards  and  burial-grounds.     The  most  extraordinary  col- 
lection of  yew  trees  in  England,  or  perhaps  in  the  world,  is  at  Elvasron 
Castle,  near  Derby.    (See  Gard.  Mag.  for  1841.)    The  yew  will  grow  on 
any  soil  that  is  somewhat  moist ;  but  it  thrives  best  in  loams  and  clays. 
on  rock,  and   in  a  shady  situation.      It  is  propagated  for  the   most  pan 
by  seeds ;  but  the  varieties,  and  also  the  species,  when  the  object  is  to 
form   a  hedge  of  plants  of  the  same  dimensions  and  colour  of  leaf,  a^ 
already  mentioned,  should  be  propagated  by  cuttings  or  layers  from   one 
plant  only.     The  berries  are  ripe  in   October,  and  should  be    then  ga- 
thered, carried  to  the  rot-heap,  and  treated  in  the  same  manner  as  haws. 
(See  p.  382.)     If,  however,  they  are  sown  immediately,  enveloped  in  the? 
pulp,  a  few  of  them  may  come  up  the  following  year,  and  the  remainder  the 
second  year ;  but,  if  the  pulp  is  allowed  to  dry  round  the  nut,  and  they  sre 
kept  in  tliat  state  till  spring,  none  of  them  will  come  up  till  the  third  year. 
Cuttings  may  be  formed  of  either  one  or  two  years'  growth,  and  planted  in  i 
shady  border,  either  in  the  beginning  of  April  or  the  end  of  August.    The 
cuttings  will  be  most  certain  of  success  if  slipped  off  with  a  heel,  and  if  the 
soil  consists  chiefly  of  sand.     The  leaves  should  be  carefully  stripped  off  the 
lower  part  of  the  cutting,  which  may  be  from  Tin.  to  10 in.  in  length,  and 
buried  to  the  depth  of  5  in.  in  the  soil.     Cuttings  treated  in  this  manner  r^ 
quire  two  years  before  they  are  sufficiently  rooted  to  be  removetl.     In  all  pro- 
bability, however,  if  the  points  of  the  shoots  were  taken  and  planted  in  aautd 
under  a  hand-glass,  about  midsummer,  or  before,  they  would  produce  roots 
the  same  season,  and  might  be  transplanted  the  following  spring.     Whether 
plants  are  raised  from  seeds  or  cuttings,  they  ought  to  undergo  the  usual  rou- 
tine of  culture  in  the  nursery,  till  they  are  3  or  4  feet  high  :  because,  as  tfaev 
ate  of  slow  growth,  time  is  gained  by  this  practice  ;  and  the  yew  transplaoci 
so  readily  at  any  age,  that  there  is  no  more  danger  of  plants  failing  «bei 
transplanted  at  the  height  of  6  or  8  feet,  than  there  is  when  they  are  only  6  or 
8  inches  high.     At  Eivaston  Castle,  abready  mentioned,  above  a  hundred  >ev 
trees  between  20  ft.  and  40  ft.  in  height  have  been  transplanted  ;  some  of  then 
brought  from  a  distance  of  upwards  of  thirty  miles. 

m  2.  T,  (b.)  canade'nsis  WUld,     The  Canada,  or  North  Ameriam^  Yew. 

Identification.    Wflld.  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  SK. ;  Pnrih  FL  Amer.  Sept.,  8.  p.  647. 
Synonyme.    T.  b.  minor  Mich.  Ror.  Amer.  2.  p.  MS. 
Engraving.    Onxjigf.  2ia%  2106.  in  p.  1110. 

Spec,  Char,,  Sfc,  Leaves  linear,  2-ranked,  crowded,  revolute.  Male  flower* 
globose,  always  solitary.  (WiUd.)  Michaux  describes  this  species  as  at 
humbler  growth  than  the  European  yew,  of  spreading  habit,  and  vith 
smaller  flowers  and  fruit ;  and  Pursh  says  that,  under  the  shade  of  otbtr 
trees,  it  does  not  rise  above  2  or  3  feet  high.  Canada  and  Maryland ;  srow 
ing  only  in  shady  rocky  places,  and  flowering  in  March  and  ApriL  It  w» 
introduced  in  1800 ;  and  is  apparently  only  a  variety  of  the  commoo 
yew.  Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

•  3.  T.  Harringto'n7><  Knight.    The  Earl  of  Harrington's  Yew. 

Identffleatian,    Forbes  in  Pin.  Wob.,  pi.  S8. ;  Gard.  Maff.,  rtA.  xt..  p.  STt. 
>ivmtnymea.    ?  Tlxiu  macropbfUA  Thvitb. ;  ?  Podoofcrpiu  maooph^Hua  f^t.,  Otmb.  9dc<i.  p  "^^ 
<rb.  Brit,  lit  ed.  p.  2100. 


^mtrat*^,    PiD.  Wab^  pL  n. ;  Cud.  Mi(.,  rol.  it.  Bgi.  H.  4iKt  U.  i  ud  miT  jt(«.  >T1>.  uxl 

•ipec.  Char.,  Sfc.     LenTca  dUtichoat,  flat,  from  I  in.  to  I }  in.  in  length,  dar) 
green  and  shining  on  the  upper  auHkce;   of  a  white  gUucoiu   hue  be 
neath,  with  the  exceotion  of  uie  midrib  and  re*olute  margins,  which  are  of 
>    .  a  bright  green  ;    the    ^>cx 

mucronatej  footstalks  short. 
Branches    round    and   fur- 
rowed. {Forbe,.)    An  ever- 
creen  tree.  Japan.  ?  Height. 
Introduced  in  1S3T. 
Readily  distinguished  from 
all  the  well-authenticated  spe- 
cies  of  Tlxus,   b_v  its  larm-r 
revolute     leaves, 
•bkh   m  ot  .  \       V 
siWery    glaucous     A        A 
colour     on      the     *~        \\ 
under  side.    It  \t     \  \ 
not    yet     ascer-     I  \ 
talned      whether      ml 
the  plant  is  sulS-     |'i| ; 
dentlj  hard;   to     }  \ 
pass  the  winter  in 
the  open  air  as  a    ,"  ' ' 
standard,    but  it    :  ,11 
promises    to    be   ''  '(■ 
so.      Propagated       ' 
by  cuttings,  or  by   ij 
E rafting    on    the 


Other  Spcciet  of  Taxut.  —  T.  Mackilya  Pin.  Wob.  p.  219,  is  a  native  o- 
Japan,  with  very  narrow  leaves.  Introduced  in  1838.  T.  Inuidja  is  a  nai  le. 
tn  Mr.  Knight's  Catalogue,  of  a  Japan  species  which  has  leaves  like  the 
leaflets  of  the  sago  palm  ;  but  very  little  is  known  respecting  it.  T.  globosa 
ScUetkl.  (G.  M.  IV.  p.  a48.)  is  a  Mexican  species,  not  yet  introduced. 

Genus  II. 


i  Amott.    The  Tobrbv*. 


Lm.  Sy$l.  Ditecia  Monad^phia. 


Gen.  Char.  Dioecious. — Male  ament  at  first  subgloboae,  but  at  length  elon- 
gated ;  the  rachis  ultimately  naked,  except  at  the  base,  where  it  is  bracteale  ' 
by  quadrifarioualy  imbricateil  mnny-flowered  scales.  Staminiferoui  tcalet 
pnliceilate.  subpellate,  dimidiate,  each  bearing  a  't-celled  anther.— fn»a/e 
amenl  ovate,  one-flowered,  btacteate  at  the  base  as  in  the  male  ;  disk  none. 
Ovuluii  erect.  Seed  ovate,  bracteale  nt  the  base  by  dry  scarcely  increasini; 
scales,  but  nnked  at  the  top,  Tt-ila  thick,  fleshy,  and  coriaceoas  oiitaide, 
but  fibry  inside.  Albumen  ruminated.  EnJiryo  subcylindrical,  short.  Co- 
tt/ledota  connate. 

Leavet  simple,  linear,  two-rowed,  eiitipulatc,  evergreen  ;  rigid,  mucro- 
Mte. — A  tree,  evergreen,  with  spreading  branches,  and  the  bmiichleu  dis- 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTIC£TUM    BRITANNIC  Vol. 


KsiiTe  of  Middle  Floiidi, 


t   1.  T.  miPo'UA  Ant.     The  Yew-leaved  Totreya. 

:<tnitificalf<m.    Atn,  In  AniuliorHu.  HIit-.Tol.Lp.  IM.1  Gard.Ha(.,nil.  itLp-CS 
l^fwvx-i.    Tiiai  mODttu  H<aL.  not  of  WUld.  t  dtfaikliit  C«dir.  Kartt*. 

Sntinrtifl.  Hooker'iInniHplinUnim.I.  ni.uilLia3.;Ovd.llu..Ti>I.I*L.e«>'T4.1^n., 
and  Durjifi.  ITU.  sud  1TK,  Id  >Ii[c1i  n  ilHiwi  tlic  sule,  vhI  /  III*  Haiit,  Sowcn  iDd  ImttM 
fiom  mtlE  ud  fKciJt  pluu. 
i^ec.  CAor.  See  Oen.  Char.  An  evergreen  tree,  with  the  habit  and  appear- 
ance of  A'hiea  canadensis.  Florida,  on  chalky  hills,  all  dong  the  eaRon 
bank  of  the  river  Appelach.  Hagfat 
SO  ft.  to  40  ft-  Introduced  in  ISM. 
Propagated  by  gtaiiing  on  the  co». 

The  wood  is  doise,  and  cIokIt 
grained,  and  in  old  treea  of  a  reddiJ> 
colour,  like  that  of  Jimfpeni;  jv 
giniknii.  It  is  of  a  strong  and  peoiliv 
odour,   espedall;  when    bmued   <r 


burnt,  and  hence,  in  the  country  where  it  grows,  it  is  frequently  called 
Stinking  Cedar.  It  makes  excellent  rails,  and  is  not  liable  to  the  attadi 
of  insects.  (Aim.  ^al.  Hal.,  vol.  i.  p.  129.}    Canterbury  Nurse^. 


1^ 


KALISBITR/'^  Smith.   Thb  Salisbukia.   Lm.  Sytl.  Honce'cia  PolyimlrB- 

Idailifailioit.    LiD.  Tniii.,1.  p.SW.i  WUld.  Sp.Pl,.  4.p.  tTI. ;  Hon.  HoR.  B^.  Htf.  I-^M- 

Sanoiifme,    QimJigootKKniprw.hinDwut.uidoOltn 

ArfHtHni.  Nuned  in  honour  of  fl.  A.  $slit»Hy.  F  B.8.  L.S..  *c,  I  .H«if!.fc^  liiliii* 
OiiikfD  !■  Uie  kbotl|la>]  DMBe  In  jApaa. 

Gev.  Char.  Male  Jfoweri  in  tapering,  decurred,  bractless  catkins,  which  nt 
borne  sererat  from  one  bud.  Ftawen  many  in  a  catkin,  each  appMrii^  m  ■ 
stameD  only,  and  conristing  of  a  short  filamcDt-like  stalk. — FtmaU  Jiomn 
borne  from  a  bud,  from  which  leaves  are  also  produced ;  and  on  peduodn, 
either  single  or  several  on  the  pedicels  of  a  Dranched  peduncle.  Ftvaf 
seated  in  ashallow  cupifonnedoftbe  dilated  tip  of  the  pedancle  w  pedittli 


LXXVI.    TAXa'cE^  :    SALISBU^R/^.  945 

Bod  consisting  of  a  rather  globose  calyx,  contracted  to  a  point,  and  then 
expanded  into  a  narrow  limb,  aod  including  an  oviiry.  Calyx  fleshy  and 
peraistent,  becoming  a  drupaceouH  covering  to  a  nut,  which  is  rather  egg- 
shaped,  and  very  slightly  compreased,  {G.  Don.) 

Leavet  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  ;  deeply  cut  or  lobed,  alike 
on  both  surfaces,  with  long  petioles.  Flowcrt  yellowish.  —  Tree  deciduoux, 
large,  native  of  Japan,  tpxae  hardy  io  the  cliuiaie  of  London,  and  of  eaay 
culture  in 


Becnarkable  for  the  singularity  of  its  leaves,  which  seem  to  unite  Conlfene 
with  the  Corylices.     Propagated  by  cuttings  or  layers  in  good  loamy  aoils, 

S   I.  S.  .^diantifo'lia  Snaih.     The  Maiden-hair-Ieaved  Salisburia, 
or  Gintgo  Trer. 
Tram  Un.  Sue..  ».  p.  330. ;  W«ld.  Sp.  PI.,  t.  p.  flj. 
Y'fto.  CM-mil, or  llfh,  Knnnt  Ainm].,p  811.  i  GiaA/oWab^lim.  HaM.  p. IIS.; 

inrrmrno.    K»nipt.  Ainini.,p.  HII.  f.  :  Dend.  Brit.,  t.  IC&  ;  Jirciuln  Uelwi  den  GlDkfD,  t  I.; 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     See  Gen.  Char.     A  large  conical  deciduous  tree.     Japan 
and  China.     Hti^lil  60ft.  to  SO  ft.     Introduced  in   175*.     Flowers  yel- 
lowish.    Only  those  of  the  male  yet  seen  in  England.     Decaying  leaves 
yellow,  or  yellowish  green. 
The  male  catkina,  which  appear  with  the  leaves  in  May,  on  the  wood 

of  the  preceding  year  or  on  old  spurs,  are  tesaile,  about  IJ  in.  lone,    : 
""'"'"  ''  "chard,  h 


of   a  yellowish  colour.     The  female   flowers,   according  to   Richard,  have 


this  particularitjr,  that  each  is  in  part  enclosed  in  a  aort  of  cup,  like  the  female 
flowers  of  Dacrydium.  This  covering  is  supposed  to  be  produced  by  a  tUlata- 
tion  of  the  summit  of  the  peduncle,  as  may  he  seen  in  our  figure.  The  fruit 
consists  of  a  globular  or  ovate  drupe,  about  1  in.  in  dlanieter ;  containing  a 
white  nut,  or  endocarp,  somewhat  flattened,  of  a  voodj'  tissue,  thin,  and 
breaking  easily.  The  fruit  has  been  ripened  in  the  South  of  France,  and 
young  plants  raised  from  it.     The  tree  grows  with  considerable  rapidit;  in  the 


946  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

climate  of  London,  attaining  the  height 
of  10  or  12  feet  in  10  years  ;  and,  in 
40  or  50  years,  the  height  of  as  many 
feet.  The  wood  of  the  ginkgo  is  said  by 
Kaempfer  to  be  light,  soft,  and  weak  ;  but 
Loiseleur  Deslongchamps  describes  it  as  of 
a  yellowish  white,  veined,  with  a  fine  close 
grain,  and  moderately  hard.  It  is  easy  to 
work,  receives  a  fine  polish,  and  resem- 
bles in  its  general  appearance  citron  wood. 
The  salisburia,  judging  from  the  speci- 
mens in  the  neighbourhood  of  London, 
thrives  best  on  a  deep  sandy  loam,  perfectly  "***      •**""*"**^ 

dry  at  bottom  ;  but  it  by  no  means  prospers  in  a  situation  where  the  aubsoQ  h 
wet.  The  situation  should  be  sheltered,  but  not  so  much  so  as  for  manj 
exotic  trees  which  have  longer  leaves  and  more  widely  spreading  branches 
Propagated  by  layers  of  two-years-old  wood,  which  generally  require  two 
years  to  be  properly  rooted  ;  but,  on  the  Continent,  it  has  been  found  that, 
by  watering  the  layers  freely  during  the  summer,  they  may  be  taken  off  in  tike 
autumn  of  the  year  in  which  they  were  made.  Cuttings  made  in  March,  of 
one-year-old  wood,  slipped  off  with  a  heel,  root  in  a  mixture  of  loam  and 
peat  earth  in  the  shade;  and.  their  growth  will  be  the  more  certain  if  they  haf« 
a  little  bottom  heat.  Cuttings  of  the  young  wood,  taken  off  before  mid-summer, 
and  prepared  and  planted  with  the  leaves  on,  in  sand,  under  a  bell-glass,  vill, 
we  have  no  doubt,  succeed  perfectly. 


Order  LXXVII.    CONITERJE,  or  PINA'CBLaE. 

Jdentrflcation.    LindL  Nat  Sytt.  of  Bot.,  p.  3i:i'. :  Richard  Mhn.  Conif..  in  part. 

Sffnonymfs     Conifene  Rich.  Mhn.  Conif.    Th^  Conifers,  till  latelj,  included  the  order  7kxi«n^ 

already  given,  p.  938^  which  has  betm  geparate.1  from  it  by  Dr.  Lindley.  Conione  LmdL  Ktj,  SI 
4ffinities.    The  rax^ceae  have  been  leparated  from  this  order  on  the  one  hand,  while,  oo  UieoCbcc. 

the  Cycadiicece  are  considered  as  approaching  very  near  it. 

Ord,  Char,  Flowers  unisexual ;  those  of  the  two  sexes  in  distinct  catkins 
which  are  situated  upon  one  plant  in  most  of  the  species,  and  upon  two  plao^ 
in  the  rest.  —  Male  catkin  longer  than  broad.  Each  Jloivcr  a  scale  or 
body,  bearing  pollen  contained  within  either  2  cells  formed  within  the  scale 
or  body,  or  3  or  more  1 -celled  cases;  in  Araucaria  Juss.^  in  2-cclI(xi  cases, 
exterior  to,  but  united  with,  the  scale  or  body :  a  part  of  the  scale  or  bod? 
is  free  above  the  cells  or  cases  containing  the  pollen. — Female  catkin  more 
or  less  conical,  cylindrical,  or  round,  in  figure  ;  composed  of  many,  several  or 
few  flowers,  each,  in  most  species,  subtended  b}'  a  bractea.  The  catkin,  m 
the  state  of  fruit,  is  rendered  a  strobile  of  much  the  same  figure.  Each 
fiower  is  constituted  of  1 — ^3  ovules, -borne  from  an  ovary  that  resemblf<ft 
scale,  and  is  in  some  instances  connate  with  the  bractea  that  subtends  ic 
Ovules  regarded  as  receiving  impregnation  from  direct  contact  of  the  poUeo 
with  the  foramen  of  the  ovule.  Bracteas  imbricated.  Carpels^  which  are 
the  ovaries  in  an  enlarged  and  ripened  state,  imbricated.  Seed  having  b 
many  species  a  membranous  wing.  Embryo  included  within  a  fleshy  (siy 
albumen,  and  having  fi'om  2  to  many  0|)posite  cotyledons,  and  the  radicle 
being  next  the  tip  of  the  seed,  and  having  an  organic  connexion  with  the 
albumen.  Brown  has  noticed  a  very  general  tendency  in  some  species  of 
Pinus  and  A^b\e»  to  produce  several  embryos  in  a  seed. 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen,  rarely  deciduous;  needle- 
shaped,  scale-like,  or  lanceolate ;  in  some  species  disposed  in  groups,  with 
a  membranous  sheath  about  the  base  of  the  group,  at  least  in  most  of 
these  ;  in  some  in  rows ;  in  some  oppositely  in  pairs,  decussate  in  directioB ; 
iii^bricately  in  several    Flowers  in  catkins  ;  April  and  May.    Fruii  a  cooe; 


LXXVII.    CONl^FfRJE:    ^BIE^TINiE. 


947 


'  ripe  in  the  autumn  of  the  second  year.  —  Trees  almost  all  evergreen,  the 
wood  abounding  in  resin. 

The  hardy  genera  in  British  gardens  are  arranged  as  under : — 

Tribe  I.    j^bib^tiih^. 

Buds  scaly.  Catkins  of  both  sexes  many  flowered.  Leaves  scattered,  or 
in  groups.  Tips  of  ovules  pointing  to  the  axis  of  the  catkins,  except  in 
Cunninghamta.    Nadelhoiz  and  Tangelholz,  Ger, 

Pi\nus.    Male  catkins  aggregate.    Pollen  contained  in  2  cells.     Ovules  2. 

Carpels  thickened  at  tips.     Leaves  not  solitary. 
i^^BiEs.    All  as  in  Pin  us,  but  the  cones  are  pendulous,  and  the  leaves  are 

solitary. 
Pi'cEA.    This  diifers  from  iTbies  in  the  cones  being  erect,  and  from  Finus  in 

the  carpels  not  being  thickened  at  the  tips ;  and  from  both,  ia  the  leaves 

being  in  2  ranks. 
La^rix.    Differs  from  y^^bies  in  the  leaves  being  deciduous,  and  in  groups  ; 

and  in  the  cones  being  erect. 
Cedrvs.    Differs  from  Larix  in  the  leaves  being  evergreen.   Anthers  crested. 
CuNNiNGHA^M/i4.     Male   catkins  grouped^      Pollen   contained  in  3  cases. 

Ovules  3.    Leaves  solitory  and  serrulated. 
D/mmara.    Male  catkins  solitary.     Pollen  contained  in  5  to   2*1?  cases. 

Ovules  2.    Leaves  broad. 
Ajiauca^ia.     Catkins  di(£cious.    Pollen  contained  in  10  to  20  cases.   Ovules 

solitary,  combiaed  with  the  scale. 

Tribe  IL    C7upre'ssin«.    • 

Buds  not  scaly.  Catkins  of  both  sexes  few-flowered.  Ovules  pointing 
from  the  axis  of  the  catkin.     Leaves  evergreen,  except  in  Taxodium. 

T^u^JA.     Catkins  terminal,  solitary.    Pollen  in  4  cases.    Ovules  2.    Leaves 

scale-like,  imbricate. 
Ca^lutris.    Catkins  terminal,  solitary.    Pollen  in  2  to  5  cases.     Ovules  3 

or  more.    Leaves  scale-like,  opposite  or  wborled. 
Cdprb^ssus.    Catkins  solitary.   Pollen  in  4  cases.   Ovules  8  or  more.   Leaves 

imbricate. 
Taxodium.     Catkins  disposed  in  compound  spikes  ;    female  ones  2  or 

3  together.    Pollen  in  5  cases.     Ovules  2.     Leaves  linear,  in  2  ranks,  de- 
ciduous. 
«/uNi'PERUs.     Male  catkiiv)  terminal  ;  female  ones  axillary,  few.     Pollen 

in  3  to  6  cases.    Ovule  one.    Fruit  pulpy.    Leaves  opposite  or  temate, 

rigid,  

Tribe  I.     -4bie'tin^. 


i 


The  ^bietins  are  almost  all  trees  of  lo%  stature,  pyramidal  in  form,  and 
regularly  furnished  with  verticillate  frond-like  branches,  from  the  base  to  the 
summit  of  the  trunk.  These  branches,  unlike  those  of  every  other  kind  of 
tree,  die  off  as  the  tree  grows  old,  without  ever  attaining  a  timber-like  size  ; 
so  that,  in  a  physiologicm  point  of  view,  they  may  be  considered  as  rather 
like  immeqse  leaves  than  branches ;  and  this  circumstance,  as  well  as  others, 
seems  to  connect  the  pines  and  firs  with  the  palms.  Almost  all  the  species 
are  evergreen,  and  have  linear  needle-like  leaves  ;  whence  the  German  names 
of  nade&ok  and  tangelholz.  The  wood  is  chiefly  composed  of  parallel  fibres, 
arranged  in  a  manner  somewhat  intermediate  between  that  of  dicotyledonous 
and  monocotyledonous  trees  ;  and,  in  consequence  of  these  fibres  not  being 

3p  2 


948  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

very  close,  the  wood  is  elastic  and  resilient.    Being  resinous,  it  is  also,  in 
general,  very  durable,  and  of  great  combustibility.     The  fruit  of  the  Jbtetins 
are  all  cones,  which  vary  somewhat  in  form,  though  they  are  in  general,  as  the 
word  implies,  conical ;  and  they  differ  in  size,  from  that  of  i^'bies  canadensia, 
which  is  about  half  an  inch  in  length,  to  that  of  Pinus  Lambertcaiza,  which 
has  been  found  2  ft.  long.     The  largest  seeds  are  those  of  the  Pinus  Piaa^ ; 
and  the  smallest  those  of  some  species  of  ^^bies.     In  germinatini;,  the  seed 
first  swells  and  bursts  at  the  upper  or  narrow  end,  whence  the  radicle  proceeds 
and  turns  downwards  into  the  soil ;  while,  soon  after,  the  lower,  or  thiclL, 
part  of  the  seed  opens,  and  the  leaves  are  developed,  and  rise  above  the 
surface  of  the  ground.     The  rate  of  growth  of  the  ^bietins  is,  in  general, 
rapid  ;  and  the  duration  of  the  tree,  compared  with  that  of  the  oak,  short. 
The  most  rapid-growing  species  in  the  climate  of  London  is  the  Piqus  Larfcia, 
which  will  attain  the  height  of  20  ft.  in  10  years  ;  and  the  species  of  this 
section  generally  reach  maturity,  in  the  climate  of  Britain,  in  from  60  to  100 
years.     Most  ot  the  European  species  bear  cones  at  about  20  years*  growth, 
or  before ;  the  spruce  fir,  on  dry  chalky  soils,  in  less  than  half  that  period. 
The  pinaster  arnves  at  maturity  sooner  than  any  other  European  pine,  bat 
seldom  lasts  longer  than  from  40  to  50  years.     The  European  species  of 
slowest  growth,  and  greatest  duration,  is  the  P.  Cembra^  which  seldom  attahs 
more  than  30  or  40  feet  in  height,  but  which  lives  for  several  centuries.     The 
two  species  which  in  Europe  are  most  valuable  for  their  timber  are,  the  P. 
sylvestris  ?ind  the  Zrarix  europae'a.    The  grandest  and  most  ornamental  species 
is,  unquestionably,  the  Cedrus  Libani ;  and  the  most  elegant  and  graceful  the 
ij^bies  canadensis.    The  species  which  produce  the  greatest  quantity  of  timber 
in  the  shortest  time,  in  the  climate  of  Britain,  are,  the  Scotch  pine  and  the 
larch  :  but,  in  favourable  situations,  both  in  Germany  and  Switzerliuid,  these 
species  are  exceeded  in  this  respect  by  the  silver  fir  ;  m  Spain  by  the  pinaster ; 
and  in  North  America  by  the  Weymouth  pine.     The  greater  number  of  the 
species  of  ^bietinae  will  live  in  the  open  air  in  the  climate  of  London  ;  but 
some  few  require  to  be  protected  there  from  the  frost.    The  debris  of  granitic 
rock  may  be  considered  as  the  universal  soil  of  the  pine  and  fir  tribe,  and  a 
dry  subsoil  an  essential  condition  for  their  prosperity  ;  but  they  will  grow  oa 
all  soils  whatever,  that  are  not  surcharged  with  water.     The  roots  of  all  the 
^bieiins  run  immediately  under  the  surface,  and  hence  do  not  require  a  deep 
soil ;  and,  as  their  needle-like  leaves  do  not  carry  off  much  moisture  by  evapo- 
ration, the  soil  in  which  the  i^bi^tinae  will  grow  to  a  large  size  may  be  drier 
than  that  required  for  any  other  kind  of  tree.     Nevertheless,  a  soil  somewhat 
loamy,  and  a  cool  subsoil,  are  necessary  to  bring  the  timber  of  the  pine  to  its 
greatest  degree  of  perfection  ;  and  various  species,  particularly  those  belongiog 
to  the  genus  Pfcea,  require  a  loam  rather  rich  than  poor,  and  a  situation  lov 
rather  than  elevated.     Ahies  communis  grows  naturally  on  moist  soil ;  often 
on  peat  bogs.     The  only  mode  of  propagating  the  pine  and  fir  tribe  on  a  lai^ 
scale  is  by  seeds  ;  but  all  the  species  will  succeed  by  layers,  by  inarching  oa 
closely  allied  kinds,  and  by  herbaceous  grafting ;  and  man}',  if  not  all,  ma? 
also  be  propagated  by  cuttings.     The  species  which  strike  by  cuttings  most 
readily  are  those  belonging  to  the  genera  Picea,  i4^bies,  i^anx,  and  Oktnis. 
The  cuttings  may  be  taken  from  the  lateral  branches,  when  the  current  yearns 
shoots  are  beginning  to  ripen,  and  prepared  like  those  of  Cape  heaths ;  they 
should  then  be  planted  in   sand,  and  covered   with  a  glass.     This  being 
generally  done  in  August  or  September,  the  cutting  should  be  kept  in  a  frame, 
from  which  frost  is  excluded,  throughout  the  winter ;  and  the  greater  part  of 
them  will  send  up  shoots  the  following  May  or  June,  and  may  be  transplanted 
the  succeeding  autumn.    The  operation  of  herbaceous  crafting  is  performed 
in  the  cleft  manner ;  the  slit  being  made  a  little  deeper  than  that  part  of  tbe 
scion  which  is  to  be  inserted  in  it.     The  time  of  p^orming  the  operation  is 
when  the  leading  shoot  of  the  stock  has  attained  the  length  of  from  8  id*  to 
12  in.,  and  will  break  over  (without  tearing  the  bark)  like  a  piece  of  glass,  or 
the  most  succulent  part  of  a  shoot  of  asparagus  fit  to  gather  for  the  table. 


LXXVII.    CONI^FERiE:    ^BIE^IN^.  949 

« 

The  time  during  which  any  given  species  has  its  leading  shoot  in  a  fit  state  for 
being  broken  over  in  this  manner  is  not  more  than  15  da}-s  ;  and,  as  the  scions 
from  the  species  to  be  grafted  are  equally  tender  with  the  stock,  they  will  not 
remain  longer  in  a  state  fit  for  the  operation  than  about  the  same  period. 
The  scion  is  always  inserted  in  the  leading  shoot ;  the  greater  number  of  the 
side  shoots  are  either  removed  altogether,  or  shortened ;  and  the  young  shoots 
produced  from  the  stocks  during  the  season  are  pinched  off  with  the  finger  and 
thumb  at  about  half  their  length.  In  the  European  i^bi^tinse,  the  seeds  begin 
to  drop  from  the  cones,  which  remain  on  the  trees,  generally  in  March ;  for 
which  reason  February  is  a  good  month  to  collect  them.  The  cones  of  Pinus 
sylvestris,  and  of  the  allied  sorts,  soon  open  of  themselves,  after  they  have 
been  gathered  from  the  tree,  and  spread  out  in  the  sun  ;  but  the  cones  of  P, 
Pinaster,  P.  Pinea,  and  the  allied  sorts,  though  treated  in  the  same  manner, 
will  not  open  their  scales  for  several  months,  or  even  a  year.  The  cones  of 
Cedrus  Libani  will  not  open  till  they  have  been  three  years  or  upwards  on  the 
trees ;  and,  when  they  are  gathered,  it  is  almost  always  necessary  to  steep 
them  in  water  for  24  hours,  and  afterwards  to  expose  them  before  a  fire,  or  to 
the  sun.  In  Scotland,  France,  and  Germany,  the  seeds  of  the  P^nus  svl- 
vestris  and  of  the  Zrarix  europs^a  are  very  commonly  separated  from  the 
cones  by  kilndrying,  and  afterwards  thrashing  them  :  but,  as  the  heat  of  the 
kiln  is  sometimes  carried  so  far  as  to  destroy  the  vital  principle,  it  is  con- 
sidered safer  to  steep  the  cones  before  drying,  in  whicn  case  less  fire  is 
requisite ;  or  to  split  them  by  inserting  an  iron  triangular-pointed  instrument, 
not  unlike  a  shoemaker's  awl,  into  the  axis  of  the  cone,  at  its  broad  end.  The 
cones  are  also  sometimes  broken  by  passing  them  through  a  bone-mill,  or 
between  two  cylinders  ;  or  by  putting  them  into  a  bark-mill.  The  cones  of 
the  silver  and  the  balm  of  Gilead  firs,  and  also  of  the  Pinus  5tr6bus,  open  of 
themselves  in  a  dry  room,  and  give  out  their  seeds  with  less  trouble  than  those 
of  any  other  species.  The  most  general  time  for  sowing  the  seeds  of  the 
i^bietmae  is  in  the  end  of  March  or  in  April.  The  ground  ought  to  be  in 
good  heart,  light,  and  sandy  rather  than  loamy,  and  prepared  as  finely  as 
possible.  The  seeds  may  be  most  conveniently  sown  in  beds;  and,  after 
being  gently  beaten  down  with  the  back  of  a  spade  or  a  slight  roller,  they 
should  be  covered  with  light  soil  or  leaf  mould  to  the  de|)th  of  a  sixteenth,  an 
eighth,  or  at  most  a  quarter,  of  an  inch,  according  to  the  size  of  the  seeds ; 
and  immediately  afterwards  covered  with  branches  of  trees  or  shrubs,  fronds 
oi  fern,  wickerwork  hurdles,  or  netting,  to  shade  the  soil  from  the  sun,  and 
protect  the  seeds  from  birds.  If,  indeed,  the  seeds  are  gently  patted  in  with 
the  back  of  the  spade,  and  the  beds  kept  shaded,  and  of  a  uniform  gentle 
moisture,  no  covering  at  all  is  necessary.  When  rare  kinds  are  sown  in  pots, 
if  the  surface  of  the  soil  is  kept  1  in.  below  the  rim  of  the  pot,  the  pot  may 
be  covered  with  a  pane  of  glass,  and  the  seeds  will  come  up  with  certainty 
and  vigour.  Traps  ought  to  be  set  for  mice,  which  are  great  devourers  of  the 
seeds  of  the  ^bietinae.  In  very  dry  weather  the  beds  should  be  watered  in  the 
evenings;  but  in  this  case  it  becomes  doubly  necessary  to  shade  them  in  the 
daytime ;  because  in  proportion  to  the  rapidity  of  the  germination  of  the 
seeds  are  they  liable  to  be  scorched  by  the  sun.  The  precaution  of  shading 
is  much  less  necessary  in  Scotland,  than  in  England,  or  on  the  Continent. 
The  pine  and  fir  tribe  does  not,  in  general,  succeed  so  well  when  transplanted 
as  the  broad-leaved  trees  ;  for  which  reason,  most  of  the  sorts  planted  for 
ornament,  such  as  the  cedar,  stone  pine,  Weymouth  pine,  Siberian  pine,  &c., 
should  always  be  kept  by  the  nurserymen  in  pots.  The  Scotch  pine,  the 
larch,  the  spruce,  the  silver  and  balm  of  Gilead  firs,  the  Corsican  pine,  and  the 
Wevmouth  pine,  may  be  transplanted  into  nursery  lines,  from  the  seed-bed, 
in  trie  second  year ;  and,  after  remaining  one  year  in  these  lines,  they  may  be 
removed  to  where  they  are  finally  to  remain.  Very  few  species  can  be  kept 
with  advantage  for  a  longer  period  in  the  nursery  than  3  years  ;  viz.  two  m 
the  seed-bed,  and  one  transplanted.  Very  little  pruning  is  necessary  for  the 
pine  and  fir  tribe,  whether  they  are  grown  singly  or  in  scattered  groups  for 

3p  3 


950 


ARBORETUM    £T   FRUTICEIUH   BRITANNICUM. 


ornament,  or  in  masses  for  useful  purposes  in  plantations.  In  the  former 
case,  to  remove  any  of  the  branches  would  destroy  the  object  in  view  ;  and 
in  the  latter,  if  the  plantation  is  oF  suitable  thickness,  the  lower  branches  be:in 
to  die  off  of  themselves,  after  the  trees  have  acquired  a  certain  age  and  growth, 
and  all  that  is  necessary  is  to  assist  nature,  by  cutting  off  the  branches  dose 
to  the  trunk,  the  moment  they  begin  to  show  indications  of  decay. 

Qenus  I. 


BHEQ 


PPNUS  L,     The  Pine.    Lm.  Syst.  Monce'cia  Monadelphia. 

Identifieation.    Lin.  Gen.,  499  ;  Fl.  Br.,  1031. ;  Lamb.  Pin.,  ad  ed.,  1. 1. 1. 

Sffnonymes.  Le  pin,  Fr. ;  Ficlite,  Pjrnhaum,  or  Kiefer,  Ger. ;  Pynboom,  Dutdt ;  Pino,  ItoL  aoi 
Span.  \  Finu,  Anglo-Satron  ;  Plnnua,  fVeltk  ;  Peigne,  Erse. 

DtriveUion,  The  word  Pinus  comes  ttom  the  Greek  pfnos,  used  hf  llieophrMtut  to  designate  tt* 
pine  trf«  Piuos  haa  for  it*  root  fitVm,  which  signifies  fat ;  because  the  trees  of  this  gpnos  fiimuh 
pitch  and  tar.  Others  derive  the  word  Plnus  (torn  ptn,  or  pyn,  a  mountain  or  rock,  Oitic ;  m 
allusiou  to  the  habitat  of  the  tree  ;  the  British  towns  Pcn-ryn,  Pen.rith,  and  Pen-macn ;  and  dM 
Spanish  ones,  Penna-flor,  Penna.fiel,  &c.,  being  so  called  from  being  built  on  hills,  or  rocks. 

Gen,  Char,,  ^c,  Male  flowers  in  grouped  catkins.  Pollen  contained  m 
2  cells,  formed  in  the  scale,  that  open  lengthwise.  Female  Jiawert  with  % 
ovules.  Strobile  in  most  species  ovately  conical.  Carpels  or  outer  scales 
thickened  at  the  tip,  exceeding  the  bracteas  or  their  outer  scales  in  length, 
and  concealing  them  ;  persistent. 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,'  sheathed,  evergreen ;  linear,  rigid, 
in  croups  of  2,  3,  or  5 ;  each  group  arising  out  of  a  scaly  sheath,  lowers, 
meues  whitish  yellow,  powdery.    Pndt  a  cone. 

Evergreen  trees,  generally  of  large  size,  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and 
America,  and  in  an  eminent  degree  both  useful  and  ornamental.  They  flower, 
in  Britain,  in  May  and  June,  and  generally  ripen  their  cones  in  the  antuma 
of  the  following  year.  The  species  may  be  arranged  either  according  to  tbdr 
cones  or  their  leaves ;  and  we  have  adopted  the  latter  feature  as  the  founda- 
tion of  our  sections,  because  it  is  applicable  to  trees  in  every  stage  of  their 
growth ;  and  because  many  of  the  species  in  London  gardens  have  not  jet 
borne  cones. 

The  following  is  our  arrangement  of  the  species  in  British  gardens  :— 

§  i.     BincB. — Leaves  2  in  a  sheath. 

A.  Natives  of  Europe. 

5.  (L.)  Pallastana.  8.  Pfnea. 

6.  (L.)  pyrenaica.  9.  halepensis. 

7.  Pinaster.  10.  bri^tia. 


1.  sylv^stris. 

2.  Pumilio. 

3.  Larfcio. 

4.  (L.)  austriaca. 


lU  BankssaTia. 

12,  inops. 

13.  pungens. 


18.  Tae'da. 

19.  rigida. 

20.  Fraseri. 

21.  ser6tina. 

22.  ponderosa. 

31.  Teocote, 


B.  Natives  of  North  America, 

1 4'.  resinosa.  16.  cont6rta. 

15.  mltis.  17.  turbinata. 

§  ii.     Tematce, — Leaves  3  in  a  sheath. 

A.  Natives  of  North  America, 

23.  Sabiniamz.  27.  califomiana. 

24.  Coulteri. 

25.  australis. 
26>  inslgnis. 


28.  muricata. 

29.  tuberculata. 

30.  radiata. 


B.  Natives  of  Mexico, 
32.  pdtula. 


33.  LlavediM. 


LXXVII.    CONI'FERA:  il'NUS.  1 

,  Na^ve*  t^the  Canariei,  India,  Chiaa,  and  Atulra&a. 
i».  36.  Gerardiana.  38.  tiruorieiuit. 

■io.  longifolia.  37.  suieasb. 

5  iii,     Qaimt. —  Le&Tei  5  in  a  sheech. 

A.   Conei  vath  the  Scala  more  of  leu  tJiickened  at  the  Apex, 

a.  Xalivei  of  Mejoco  or  Guatemala. 

4a.  Montezi'imat.  ••  Cottet  ihort, 

43.  macrophilla.  AG.  leiophvlb. 

"""■'"  "'-'-'--  ■"    oocirpo. 


•  Conet  long. 

39.  Hartwiga. 

40.  Deroruo'iid. 

41.  Russdliiiiui. 


4r&.  filifolia.  iS,  spukeD 

b.  Xattpet  of  the  Weil  Indiei. 
4t>.  occidentalia. 


B.   Conet  tnith  the  Scalet  not  thickened  at  the  Apex. 

a,  Nalivei  of  Europe  and  Siberia. 

50.  Cimbra. 

b.  A'aHvet  of  North  America. 

51    Arobiu.  52.  Lambertiana.  53.  monticola. 

c.    Naiivei  of  Nepal  and  Mexico. 

54.  excelsa.  55.  AyacahuUe. 

f  i.  ButtE.  —  leaves  general!}/  2  in  a  sheath. 

A.    Naiivei  of  Europe. 
t   I.  P.  stlvb'stris  L.     The  wood,  or  Scotch,  Pine,  or  Scotch  Fh: 

ItUMifiailKm.    Lla.  5p.  n.,  ■(».  i  SoiUb  F1.  Br,  t.1031.;  BBg.FI.,4.  p.lMLj  Lunb.FllI 
Srnoifinti.'  F.  rUbn  Mill.  Diet.  tie. p.;  p.ijh 


*kt;: 


rftii"*"'- 


lii.  Bon.  Knt.  J.  p.  S66. 1  ?  p. 
Imt^.'.Ccr.  i  Ppboom  Dulct-.'pin^ifl: 
•BBl.  I  Soioa.  Pol.,  aok.,  md  Han. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  rigid, 
in  puirs.  Young  conea 
stalked,  recurved, 
Crcat  ot  the  an- 
thers verv  small. 
(Smith.)  Buda 
(>i!.1759.)ovate. 
blunt   '   pointed, 

long,    and    }  in. 
wide  in  the  broad- 

with  a  reddish  tip, 
the  u  hiie  pro- 
duced by  resinous  exuda- 
tion. The  central  bud 
generally  with  5  or  6  smaller 
ones  round  it.  Learee  {fig. 
1760.    b)    Iroiii     1)  in.    to 


952  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

2|  in.  long  ;  somewhat  waved  and  twisted  ;  slightly  concave  on  the  upper, 
and  convex  on  the  under,  surface ;  light  bluish  green,  finely  semuateil 
on  the  edges;  the  sheath  lacerated  and  slightly  ringed.  Cones  (Jig. 
1760.  a)  from  2  in.  to  3  in.  long,  and  from  1  in.  to  1^  in.  broad.  Scales 
(Jig,  1760.  (/)  from  1  in.  to  l^in.  long,  terminating  in  an  irregular  four* 
sided  projecting  point,  often  recurved.  Seeds,  with  the  wing  (c),  fran 
1  in.  to  IJin.  long;  without  the  wing,  from  -/d-in.  to  -^  in.  long;  dark- 
coloured.  Cotyledons  5  to  7.  A  tall,  straight,  hardy,  long-lived  tree,  frnm 
60  fl.  to  100  ft.  high ;  Europe  generally,  but  not  of  America  ;  flowering  in 
May  and  June,  and  ripening  its  cones  about  18  months  afterwards ;  the 
most  valuable,  for  its  timber,  of  all  the  European  species  of  /^nus. 

Varieties.  Like  all  trees  which  have  an  extensive  geographical  range,  and 
grow  on  almost  every  kind  of  soil,  and  at  great  elevations  as  well  as  in 
plains,  the  varieties  and  variations  of  the  Scotch  pine  are  exceedinglf  nu- 
merous; both  as  respects  the  exterior  appearance  of  the  tree,  and  the 
quality  of  its  timber  and  resinous  products.  On  poor  soils,  at  great  ele- 
vations, it  becomes  a  diminutive  shrub  :  and  in  low  situations,  where  it 
is  a  lofty  timber  tree,  the  wood  on  some  light  sandy  soils  is  white,  almoit 
without  resin,  and  of  little  duration  ;  while  on  other  soils,  of  a  colder  lod 
more  substantial  nature,  it  is  red,  heavy,  and  of  great  durability.  It  appears, 
also,  that  the  same  situation  will  produce  both  white-wooded  and  red-wooded 
trees ;  and  seeds  from  red-wooded  trees  will,  it  is  said,  in  some  instanca^ 
produce  others  the  wood  of  which  is  red. 

a.  Titnber  Trees. 

t  P.  *.  1  vulgaris.  The  common  wild  Pine.  {Jig. 
1761.,  to  our  usual  scale.) — Thus  described 
by  Don  of  Forfar.  Branches  forming  a 
pyramidal  head ;  leaves  mar^inated,  of  a 
dark  green  colour,  and  but  little  glaucous 
underneath;  cones  considerably  elongated, 
and  tapering  to  a  point,  and  the  bark  of  the 
trunk  very  rugged.  "  This  variety  seems 
to  be  but  short-lived,  becoming  soon  stunted 
in  its  appearance,  and  it  is  altogether  a  very 
inferior  tree  to  either  variety  2,  or  variety  3." 
{Col,  Mem,,  i.  p.  123.) 

t  P.  «.  2  horizorUalis.  P,  horizontalis  Don  of 
Forfar;  P,  sylvestris  var.  montana  Sang, 
Plant.  Cal.  p.  65. ;  the  Spcyside  Pine, 
Hort,  Soc;  the  Highland  Pine,  Grigor  in 
Gard.  Mag.  viii.  p.  10.  ;  the  horizontal-  "*** 
branched  wild  Pine,  Zmws.  ;  the  red-wooded  Scotch  Pine,  Sang; 
V  P.  riibra  Mdl,  Diet,  and  N.  Du  Ham.  —  This  variety  is  described 
by  Don  of  Forfar  as  being  "  strongly  marked  and  permanent.**  It 
"  is  distinguished  from  the  former  by  the  disposition  of  its  branche. 
which  are  remarkable  for  their  horizontal  direction,  and  for  a  (ca- 
dency to  bend  downwards  close  by  the  trunk.  The  leaves  are 
broader  than  those  of  the  first  variety,  and  serrulated,  and  not  msr- 
ginated.  They  are  distinguishable  at  a  distance  by  their  much  lighter 
and  beautiful  glaucous  colour.  The  bark  of  the  trunk  is  not  so 
rugged  as  in  the  preceding  variety.  Its  cones  are  thicker,  not  so 
much  pointed,  and  smoother.  The  tree  seems  to  be  a  more  hardy 
plant,  being  easily  reconciled  to  very  various  soils  and  situations,  tt 
grows  very  freely,  and  quickly  arrives  at  a  considerable  size.* 

t  P.  1.  3  uncindia  (see  Jig.  1672.).  The  hook-coned  wild  Pine;  Mar 
Forest  wild  Pine,  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden.  —  Anocber 
of  Don  of  Forfar's  varieties,   which  is  described  by  him,  in  the 


Lxxvii.  coni'fbrjG:  pi^nus.  d53 

artide  before  quoted,  ea  a  remarkable  »»• 

riely,  qiiile  distinct  both  from  P.  b.  TiiigarU 

and  P.  I.  horizonttdis.     It  will  be  observed 

that  this  hooked  cone  ia  quite  difierenl,  both 

in   its  general   form,   and   the   fonrt  of  its 

scales,  from  the  cone  of  P.  (s.)  p.  Miighui, 

which  ia  also  often  called  P.  unciniila. 
T   P.   ».  4  haguenemit.    Pin  de  Hoguenau,  Ft.; 

RoChentanne  of  Schottel,    seedsman,    Ras- 

tadi. — This  vHriely  was  introduced  from  the 

Forests  of  Haguenau  (whence  its  name)  and 

Rastadt,  on  Initb  sides  of  the  Rhine.      It 

is  thus  described  ia  Lawson's  JManW ;  — 

*>  The  old  trees  are  remarkably  tall,  sEraigbt,  ( 

free  Irom  branches,  except  near  the  summit,  ( 

with   remarkuhly   emootn    reddish-coloured 

bark.     The  leaves  of  the  young  plants  are 

lon^r  than  those  of  any  of  the  preceding 

vaneties ;  they  are  much  waved  or  twisted, 

of  a  light  green  slightly  gtaucoui  colour,  and         im.  » .  — i—^ 

minutely  serrulated  ;  cheyoungterminalbuds 

are  of   a   peculiar  reddish   colour,   and   generally   more    or  less 

covered  with   whitish  resin.     The  young  plants  are.  besides  their 

difference  in  shade  of  colour,  readily  distinguished  by  their  atronger 

and  more  rapid  growth."  (Agncult.  Manual,  p.  230.) 
t  P.  (.  5  righMt.    Fin  de  Riga,  Detf.  Hut.  t.  ii.  p.  61. ;  Pin  de  Russie, 

i^n  de  Mature,  Ft.  —  This  variety  is  said  to  constitute  the  forests 

of  Lithuania  and  Livonia. 
Other  TimheT  Tree  Farietiei.  The  names  of  several  might  be  given  from 
books  ;  but.  as  we  could  neither  accompany  them  with  descriptions  nor 
synonvmes,  nor  refer  to  any  place  where  living  plants  may  be  seen,  we 
consider  that  it  would  be  of  very  little  use.  P.  s.  alKssima,  in  the  Hor> 
ticultural  Society's  Garden,  is  a  strong-growing  variety,  resembling  the 
pin  de  Haguenau,  and  is  probably  identical  with  it,  though  raised  from 
Caucasian  seeds ;  but  P.  altfssima  is  a  name  wore  generally  applied  to  P. 
Larfcio  than  to  P.  sylv^stris. 

b.   Farieliel  evrima  or  onunnental. 

I  P.  ».  6  genevetuii.  Pin  de  Tarare,  Fr. ;  the  Geneva  wild  Pine. —  There 
is  a  plant  of  this  variety  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  a 
portrait  of  which  is  given  in  Art.  Brit.,  1st  edit.  vol.  viii.,  by  which 
It  appears  to  be  a  low  crooked  tree,  with  numerous  twi&ted  branches, 
extending  considerably  at  the  base. 

t  V.  1.1  moRopkytla  Hodgins.  —  The  leaves  are  long  and  glaucous,  and 
those  of  each  sheath  are  generally  attacbed  to  each  other  through- 
out their  length  ;  though  when  the  points  are  taken  between  the 
finger  and  thumb,  and  the  apparently  single  leaf  twioied.  It  separates 
into  two,  and  souietimes  into  three,  leaves.     Ilort.  Soc.  Garden. 

r  P.  >.  8  tcarwta.  P.  !,cari6sa  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836  ;  ?  P.  squamosa  Boie 
i'oBv.  Coari  (CAgT.  art.  Fin,  and  Arb.  Brit.  1st  edit.  p.  2292.~Cones 
small,  with  long  scales,  flat  at  the  tips,  and  bent  biick.  Native  of 
the  Lower  Alps,  (ituic.)  A  French  variety.  Introduced  about 
1S20. 

1  P.  I.  9  inlermedia.  —  This  ia  a  Russian  variety,  having  slender  young 
shoots  depressed  towards  the  stem,  and  leaves  shttfter  and  less  glau- 
cous than  those  of  the  species.     Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

i  P.  I.  10  aildica  Ledebour.  —  Rused  from  seeds  received  firoin  Dr.  Lede- 
bour  m  1836.     Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 


954  ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITAKMICUM. 

1  P.  «.  1 1  tortuota  Don  of  Forfar.  —  Leaves  shorter  than  those  of  P.  a. 
vulgaris,  and  somewhat  curled,  or  rather  twisted. 

Other  Varieties,  P,  rotundata,  and  some  other  species  which  appear  to 
us  to  be  varieties  of  P.  sylv&stris,  are  described  by  Link  ;  and  P.  haraata 
and  P.  argentea  are  described  by  Stevens,  as  given  in  Gard,  Jtfag^  roi. 
XV.  p.  224.,  but  none  of  these  kinds  have  yet  been  introduced.  We  mi«^t 
also  have  included  in  the  above  list  P.  (s.)  pumilio;  but  though  we  hare 
no  doubt  of  its  being  only  a  variety  of  P.  sylvestris,  yet  it  is  so  very  dif- 
ferent both  in  appearance  and  magnitude,  that  we  have  kept  it  apart. 

-  The  weight  of  the  wood  of  P.  sylvestris  varies  according  to  its  age  and 
other  circumstances.     A  cubic  foot,  in  a  green  state,  generally  wei^s  firom 
54  lb.  to  74  lb. ;  and,  in  a  dry  state,  from  31  lb.  to  41  lb.  The  wood  is  valued, 
hke  that  of  every  other  pine,  in  proportion  to  its  freeness  from  knots  ;  and  it 
is  found  that  the  knots  of  this  species  are  much  more  easily  worked,  and.mucfa 
less  liable  to  drop  out  of  flooring  boards,  than  is  the  case  with  knotty  boards 
of  the  spruce  or  silver  fir.    The  facility  with  which  the  wood  of  the  Scotch 
pine  is  worked  occasions  its  employment  in  joinery  and  house  carpentry,  al- 
most to  the  exclusion  of  every  other  kind  of  timber,  wherever  it  can  be  pro- 
cured.    It  is  at  once  straight,  light,  and  stifi^  and,  consequently,  peculiarly 
fitted  for  rafters,  girders,  joists,  &c.,  which  may  be  made  of  anoaller  dimeo- 
»ions  of  this  timber  than  of  any  other.    In  point  of  durability,  if  it  is  kept 
dry,  it  equals  the  oak ;  more  especially  if  it  nas  been  of  slow  growth,  and  is 
resinous.     As  a  timber  tree,  for  planting  in  poor  dry  soils  and  in  exposed 
situations,  none  can  excel  the  Scotch   pine,  and  it  is  only  equalled  by  the 
larch.     In  Britain,  it  surpasses  every  other  species  of  the  pine  and  fir  tribe 
for  sheltering  other  trees,  with  the  exception  of  the  spruce  fir,  which,  bein^ 
of  a  more  conical  shape,  admits  more  light  and  air  to  the  heads  of  the  trees 
which  are  to  be  drawn  up  by  it.     The  Scotch  pine  is,  however,  altogether 
unfit  for  giving  shelter  in  single  rows,  unless  the  branches  are  allowed  to  re- 
main on  from  the  ground  upwards,  and  the  roots  have  free  scope  on  every 
side.     Hence,  this  pine,  like  every  other  species  of  the  tribe,  is  altogether 
unfit  for  a  hedgerow  tree-     When  planted  in  narrow  belts  round  fields  for 
shelter,  it  soon  becomes  unsightly,  unless  the  trees  stand  so  thin  as  to  allow 
of  their  being  clothed  with  brunches  from  the  sround  ujjwards.     The  true 
situation  for  this  tree,  when  grown  for  timber,  is  in  masses  over  extensire 
surfaces.     A  granitic  soil,  it  is  generally  allowed  both  by  British  and  Conti- 
nental writers,  is  the  most  congenial  to  the  Scotch  pine  ;  and  the  sand  and 
gravel  of  the  Forests  of  Rastadt  and  Hagiienau  are  composed  of  the  debris 
of  this  rock.     It  does  not  harden  its  wood  well  when  growing  on  the  grau- 
wacke  ;  and  it  is  short-lived,  and  never  attains  a  large  size,  on  chalk.     It  will 
grow  and  flourish  in  any  kind  o(  soil,  from  a  sand  to  a  clay,  provided  the 
substratum   be  rubble  or  rock ;  but  in  wet  tilly  soils  it  ought  never  to  be 
planted;  becafuse,  whenever  the  roots  have  exhausted  the  upper  soil,  aod 
begin  to  perforate  the  subsoil,  the  tree  languishes  and  dies.     It  is  juatly  ob- 
served by  Mathews,  that  the  natural  location  of  the  Scotch  pine  in  poor  sandy 
soils  does  not  result  from  these  soils  being  best  adapted  for  it,  but  from  the 
seeds  which  are  blown  about  by  the  winds  rising  readily  in  such  soils,  and  the 
plants  growing  more  vigorously  in  them  than  an v  other  tree.     Should  any  one 
doubt  this,  he  observes,  let  him  make  an  excursion  into  Mar  Forest,  and  there 
he  will  find  the  Scotch  pine  in  every  description  of  soil  and  situation,  bat 
always  thriving  best  in  good  timber  soil  ;  and,  in  short,  not  diflering  very 
materially,  in  respect  to  soil,  from  the  sycamore,  the  elm,  the  oak,  or  the  ash. 
The  Scotch  pine  produces  cones  at  the  age  of  fifleen  or  twenty  years;  and 
every  cone  generally  contains  from  60  to  100  seeds.     The  cones  are  gathered 
in  the  months  of  December  and  January,  and  laid  in  a  dry  loft,  where  they 
will  keep  good  for  a  year  or  two,  if  not  wanted  for  sowing ;  and  whence  the^ 
may  be  t^dten  in  early  spring,  and  exposed  to  the  sun,  or  at  any  season,  and 
slightly  dried  on  a  kiln,  as  already  mentioned,  p.  949 


LXXVII.    COHl'FERf  :    Jt^NUS.  955 

Ml  i.  p.  (s.)  pvmi'lio  H^mlce.     The  Uwarf,  or  Moaalain,  THne. 

JilniliJUiilkm.    Hmhf  Beat]..  M.  i  Lunb.  FLn..  cd.  1.,  I.  t.  1. 

^iunfm<t.    F.  wjiwnUh-monaait  Ail.  Hart  Km.  id.  I.  t.  p.  HE.  I  P.  1.  bamllll  v  Xnl  i  P.- 

hilnillti.  *c^  rpxra.  /Ml  5i<e..  LM  Jitamd.  p.  JJI.  ;  Fin  naln.  Fr. :  KnunhoLl.  Grr. 
Xnfrmntl.    Lamb.  Pbi.,  nd.  a.,  1.  L  S.  j  ourjlj.  1?6».  u  our  uiiul  icala  i  ■ndjffi.  1164.  ud  ITS*. 

Spre.  Char.,  ^c.  Branches  generally  recumbent.  Leaves  nhort,  ati^  some- 
what twisted  i  thickly  distributed  over  the  branches,  wiih  long,  lacerateJ, 
noollj,  while  sheaths.  Cones,  when  young,  erect  ;  irhen  mature,  |>ointing 
outwards.     Buds  (j^.  1763.)  ovate,  Wunt,  resinous.    Lewea  (jg.  1764.  c) 


from  S  in.  to  2J  in.  lon)r;  sheaths,  at  first,  from  \  in.  to  1]  in.  long,  white 
and  lacerated  ;  anenrarils  fulling  off  or  shrinking  to  .^  in.  or  J  in.  long,  and 
becoming  <]ark  broirn  or  black.  Cooes  (d)  from  1}  in.  to  2  in.  long,  and 
from  i  in.  to  I  in.  broad ;  reddish  or  dark  purplish  browD  when  young,  and 
of  a  dull  brown  when  mature.  Scales  (6)  and  seeds  (a)  rrsembling  those 
of  P.  sylvestris,  but  smaller.  Cotyledons  5  to  7.  A  large  spreading  bush, 
or  low  tree.  Europe,  on  mountains.  Height  10  It  to  SO  ft.  Introduced 
in  ITT9.  Flowering  and  ripening  its  cones  at  the  same  tame  as  the  Scotch 
pine,  wht-n  in  a  similar  locality. 

•  I   P.  (t.)  p.  2  ™W/fora.  — Flowers  red. 

«  1   P.  (i.)  p.  3  FUehen  Booth,  Lndd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  Lawion'i  Man. 
p.  333. —  In  the  shoots  and  iuliage,  it  bears  so  strong  a  resemblance 
to  P.  (s.)  pumtlio,  that  we  doubt  very  much  if  it  even  merits  to  be 
considered  as  a  variety  of  that  species.     In- 
troduced in  1832.     M.  S. 

m  t  P.  (i.)  p.  4  Mughus.  P.  B.  Munho  Matt. 
Camcr.;  P.  montuna  Bium.Cal.;  P.Miigho 
Jacq,,  Poir.,  and  N.  Du  Ham.  v.  p.  S33. 
1.68.  (our/gi.  1766.  and  1767.,  the  latter 
showing  the  cone,  seed,  scale,  and  sheath  of 
leaves,  of  the  natural  size)  i  P.  echinatA 
Horl.  i  P.  uncinata  Hnmoad  in  Dec,  Lodd. 
Cat.  ed.  1836;  the  Mugho  wild  Pine;  Pin 
Mugho,  Torthepin,  Pin  suffis,  Kn  crin,  Pin 
du  Briun^onnais,  Pin  de  Montagne,  Ft.  ; 
Bergfichte,  Gar. ;  Mughi,  Ilr.l. — This  variety 
u  included  by  Alton  and  others  in  the  pre- 
ceding  one;   but,  having   seen  both   sorts 

bearing  cones,  we  are  satisfied  [hat  they  are  • 

distinct,  though  ihey  bear  so  close  a  resent-  i 

blance  to  each  other  in  foliage  and  habit,         an,  r.it^M.t^'-' 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNIC 

that,  when  the  cones 
are  abEient,  ihey 
might  be  EuppoBcd 
to  be  identical.  It 
is  remarked  in  the 
Xoaveau  Du  Home!, 
that  all  the  pub- 
liaheH  figures  of  this 
vnriety  are  bad,  with 
the  exception  of  the 

work,  from  which 
ours  is  copied.  Un 
comparingj^t.  1764. 
and  IT6T.,  it  will  be 
found  that  the  cones 
of  P.  (s.)  p.  Mu- 
gbut,  independently 
of  the  peculiar  pro- 
tuberant appearance 
of  the  scales,  are 
larger  than  those  of 
P.  (s.)  pumlllo.  This 
andotherdifferences  ,;e7.  r.t^tatt'"- 


in  the  ci 


Euflicient,  in  a  technical   point  of  view,  to  constitute  P.  (».)  p. 

Mughm  and  P.  (s.)  puiniho  distinct  species ;  but.  nocwithstuidici! 

this,  they  bear  Kuch  obvious  marks  of  belonging  to  P.  sylve>trii.B 

their  foliage,  habit,  and  locality,  that  we  cannot  for  a  nioraeni  hcs- 

tale  about  their  connexion  with  that  species. 

•  I  P.  (s.)  p.  5  M.  nana.   The  Knee  Pine  of  the  Styrian  Alp-^— Sow 

grows  above  3  ft.  high.  ( Anloint't  Coidferen.  p.  \'i.;  and  Gard.  3ln^ 

IB4'I,  p.  29.)     A  plant   has  been  in  the  Trinity  Coltv^  Bctw 

Ourden,  Dublin,  since  I8IT;  and,  in  SO  years,  it  has  uot  attaionli 

greater  height  thai)  tin  ordinary-sized  nun'a  knee. 

Olher  Varietiet.     P,  (s.)  pumilio  and   P.  (s.)  p.  Mughuj  varr  so  tmicli 

according  to  the  localities  in  which  they  are  found,  that,  if  it  were  desiraye 

to  incrca^ie  the  number  of  subvarieties,  there  might  be  a  dwarf,  a  tall,  and  ■ 

medium  form  given  to  each.     In  the  HonJcullural  Society's  Uardeo,  thnt 

is  a  handsome,  erect-growing,  small  tree  of  P.  (s.)  p.  Alaghiu,  under  ihc 

name  of  P.  unciniita,  and  also  a  dwarf  plant,  under  the  same  Dame  ;  bodi 

producing  hooked  cones. 


I  3.  P.  Lari'cio  Pair.     The  Cortiean,  o 


Larch,  Pine. 


III.  p.  ate,  i  />.  durlliliu.  cd.  I 


Sviotymti,    F.  itlifKrii  I  Duril 
lMnMt™.Pli.ociil,pplno.7u;. 

ETa  rb?SrtL.  Ill  Kill..  Tol.  T'll^ijwi'  J4.  liri"  lo  our  <i<.-<a  utir.  V<m  •  unauKa  ncan<  mm 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Leaves  lax,  twice  the  length  of  the  cones.  Ginesconicil, 
often  in  pairs,  sometimes,  hut  rarely,  in  three^i  or  in  fours.  Scales  cohtci 
on  the  back,  elliptic  in  their  general  form,  scarcely  angular,  and  very  sl^hlij 
pointed.  Male  flowers  almost  sessile,  elongat^,  having  the  antbat  tfr- 
minaled  by  a  small  round  crest.  Bud  {nee  fig.  1768.)  hom  fin.  to  lin. 
long;  and  from  lin.  to  J  in.  broad  ;  ovate,  with  a  long  narrow  point,  anJ 
concave  at  the  sides,  resembling  a  camel-hair  pencil.  Scales  ■dprcssol.iikl 
encrusted  with  white  resin.  The  centre  bud  generally  surroumlcd  b}  (hnc 
or  more  small  buds.     Cones  varying  from  2  in.  to  3  in.  or  more  in  ki^tb; 


LXXVII.    CONI'PER^  :    PI  NUS.  957 

and  from  )  in.  to  IJ  in.  in  breadth.    The 
poinis  of  the  Bcules  turned  over  like  an 
under  lip,  and   tenninating   in   a  point 
which   has   a  very  small   pnckle,  often 
scarcely  perceptible.     The  colour  of  the 
cone  tawny,  and  the  interior  part  of  the 
■cales  purple.   Leaves  vary- 
ing in  length  froni  4  in.  to 
6 in.   and   upwards;    gene- 
rally two  in  B  sheath  on  the 
side  branches,  but  occasion- 
ally  three   on   the    leading 
shoots.      Seeds  greyish   or 
black,  twice  as  lai^  as  those 
of  P.  sylv^tria.   Cotyledons 
(see  Jig.  1770.)  6  to  8.     A 
lofly  tree.     Corsica,  Spain, 
Italy,  Oreece,   and  various 
parts  of  the  South   of  Eu- 
rope,    the   Hartz   in   Qer- 
iTGi.  many,     and     Caucasus    in 

r.  iMcb.  Rusaia ;  j^erally  on  deeper 

soil  than  P.  sylvestris.  Height  60  ft., 
60 1^.,  100  ft.,  150  ft.,  according  (o  the 
variety,  the  climate,  and  the  soil.  In- 
troduced in  1759.  It  flowers  in  May, 
and  its  cones  are  ripe  in  November  of 
the  second  year, 
Vanetia.      Judging    from   the    names    in 

Continentnl  catalogues,  these  are  nume-  '"■  ''■  **«* 

rous;  but,  as  these  names  are  chiefly  expressive  of  different  localities,  we 
are  ignorant  how  far  the  plants  are  really  distinct.  In  the  Nma-eaa  Du 
Hamel  only  one  variety  is  given,  which  is  characterised  by  the  cones  being 
greenish,  triose  of  the  species  being  described  as  of  a  tawny  or  fuwn 
colour.  Delamarre,  in  his  Triale  Praligur,  &c.,  enumerates  five 
varieties,  some  of  which,  however,  are  considered  by  M.  Vilmorin  as  i 
being  probably  species  ;  the  cones  not  having  yet  been  seen. 
t   P.  L.   ]  coTiicdna.    Laricio  de  I'lle  de  Corse,  llelamarre 

Cones  of  a  tawny  or  follow  colour. 
t  P.  Z..  S  luiviridit  Nouveau  Du  Hamel.  —  Cones  of  a  greenish  V 

}  J'.  L.  3  carrananiai.  P.  caram^nica  So4c;  P.  caramani^nsia 
Bon  Jard.,  ed.  1837.  p.  974. ;  Laricio  de  Caramanie  ou  de 
I'Asia  Mineure,  Deiamam;?  P.  rom&na  Lond.  Harl.  Soc. 
Gard.  —  P.  L.  caraminica  seldom  grows  to  above  half  the 
height  of  P.  L.  corsickna :  it  has  a  much  rounder  and 
more  bushy  head,  with  straight,  or  nearly  straight,  leaves, 
slender  branches,  reddish-coloured  bark,  and  reddish  buds, 
which  are  wholly,  or  in  pari,  covered  with  white  resin. 
The  scales  of  the  cones,  which  are  larger  than  those  of 
P.  L.  corsiciina,  are  tipped  with  a  harder  and  more  horny 
point.  Introduced  into  France  from  the  Levant  in  179^ 
and  to  England  in  1830. 

I  P.  L.  i  catabrica.  Laricio  de  Mont  Sila  en  Calabre,  Dela- 
marre.  —  This  pine,  Michaui  and  Vilmorin  remark  in  a 
Dote  to  Delamar  re's  work,  resembles  the  plneof  Caramania; 
but  there  are  only  young  phints  of  it  in  France,  which  have 
not  yet  fruited. 


958  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

2  P.  2y.  5  austriaca.  P.  austrlaca  Hots ;  Laricio  d'Autriche,  ou  de  la 
Hongrie,  Delnmarre.  —  Scarcely  differs  from  P.  caramanica,  wbkh 
grows  both  in  Romania  and  in  the  Crimea.  We  are  satisfied  of  tbs, 
not  only  from  living  plants  in  British  gardens,  but  from  cones  wfaidi 
we  have  received  from  Vienna. 

Otfier  Varieties,  P.  altissima  and  probably  some  other  names  are  appli^ni 
to  P.  Laricio,  or  some  of  its  varieties,  but  not  in  such  a  manner  as  to  eoabie 
us  to  state  anything  satisfactory  respecting  them.  The  only  tniJy  distmc: 
forms  of  this  species,  in  our  opinion,  are,  A  L.  corsicana,  P.  L.  canoa- 
nica  (of  which  there  is  a  handsome  tree  in  the  Horticultural  Sodei}'s 
Garden,  under  the  name  of  P.  romana),  P,  L.  PallasionA  (of  nhich  ifaer? 
are  trees  at  White  Knights  and  Boyton),  and  perhaps  P.  L.  pyrenaica ;  tk 
two  last  we  have  treated  as  species,  for  the  sake  of  keeping  them  di>tiocL 

The  branches  are  disposed  in  whorls,  of  five  or  six  in  a  whorl ;  whidi  m 
distinguished  from  the  branches  of  P.  Pinaster,  by  being  ofben  twisted  ud 
turned  in  a  lateral  direction  at  their  extremities,  especially  in  full-grown  treei. 
The  leaves  vary  much  in  length,  according  to  the  age  of  the  tree,  and  die  sod 
on  which  it  grows.   The  shortest  are  generally  4  or  5  inches,  and  the  loogesiT 
or  8  inches,  long.  The  cones  are  commonly 
in  pairs,  but  sometimes  three  and  some- 
times four   occur   together :    they  point 
horizontally  and  slightly  downwards,  and 
sometimes  they  are  slightly  curved,  so  as 
to  be  concave  at  the  extremity  of  the  side 
next  the  ground.     They  are  from  2  in.  to 
3  in.,  or  more,  in  length;  of  a  ruddy  yellow 
or  tawny  colour,  or  greenish.     In  France, 
according  to  Thouin,   P.  Laricio  grows 
two  thirds  faster  than   the  Scotch  pine, 
placed   in  a  similar    soil    and    sitiiation. 
Baudrillart  says   that   the    wood  of  P. 
Laricio  has  neither  the  strength  nor  the 
elasticity  of  that  of  P.  sylvestris.     Previ- 
ously to  the  year  1788,  the  wood  was  only 
used  by  the  French  government  for  the 
beams,  the  flooring,  and  the  side  planks  of 
ships  ;  but,  in  that  year,  the  administration 
of  the  marine  sent  two  engineers  to  examine 
the  Forests  of  Lonca  and  Rospa  in  Cor>ica,  in  which  abundance  of  trees  wot 
found  fit  for  masts.     After  this,  entire  vessels  were  built  with  it :  only  it  w« 
found  necessary  to  give  greater  thickness  to  the  masts,  in  order  to  supplj  its 
want  of  strength  and  elasticity.     The  thickness  of  the  sap  wood  in  P.  Undo 
is  greater  than  in  most  other  species  of  pine  ;  but  the  heart  wood  is  found  to 
be  of  very  great  duration.     In  Corsica,  it  is  employed  for  all  the  puipotfs  fef 
which  it  is  used,  when  of  36  or  40  years*  growth.     It  is  easily  worked,  vH 
is  used  both  by  cabinetmakers  and  sculptors  in  wood ;  the  figures  which  ona- 
ment  the  heads  of  vessels  being  generally  made  of  it.     In  Britain,  the  «e 
hitherto  can  only  be  considered  as  being  one  of  ornament ;  and,  as  sucb,  it 
deserves  to  be  planted  extensively  for  its  very  regular  and  handsome  fonn,  sai 
the  intensely  dark  green  of  its  abundant  foliage.     It  also  deserves  phmtingoo 
a  large  scale  as  a  useful  tree,  on  account  of  the  great  rapidity  of  its  growth. 
In  the  low  districts  of  Britain,  it  might  probably  be  a  good  substitute  for  P' 
sylvestris. 

i  4.  P.  (L.)  KiiSTVLi\ciL  Hoss.    The  Austrian,  or  &&(at.  Pine 

Ident^fiaUion.    Host  Anldt^  p.  6. ;  Lawson's  Manual,  pi  338. 
Synor^ftnet.    P.  nfgHcans  Hort. ;  P.  nigr^scens  Hort. ;  schwarts  FShre,  Qer. 
£ngra9nvt.    Fig.  1772.,  showing  the  bud  of  a  plant  of  two  yean'  growth  in  Om  Hankaltnrai  So* 
ciety's  Garden ;  utdjlg.  1773.,  a  cone  of  the  natural  size,  from  a  apedmen  raerived  u  TiaoM. 


itw.    Se 
ofP.L 


LxxTii.  com'rZBJE:  «'nus.  959 

Spee.  CAer.,  ^e.     Shaath  with  from  3  to  5  nnp,  at  first  of  a  clear  ash  my. 
llien  becoming  reddish,  afterwards  darki^r,  and  at  last  black.     Leaves  from 
2 in.  to  5 in.  long;  seldom,  and  but  little,  twisted;  when  joung,  erect; 
when  older,  standing  out,  and  curved  towards  the  twig;   outer  eurbce 
half-round,    dark  ^een,  glossy,   and  with  a 
charply  aerrated  margin;  inner  surrace  nearly 
even,   but   slightly   doited   along   the   ridge; 
points  prickly,  of  a  yellowish  brown  or  fawn 
colour.      Buds  large,  the  leader  oilen  from 
I  in.  to  1^  in.  long,  ovate,  with  a  long  point. 
The  cone  does  not  arrive  at  maturity  till 
Uctolier  in  ite  second  year  ;  it  is  conical, 
I   rounded  at  the  base,  2or  Sinches  long. 
!   pointing  horizontally,  or   nearly  eo  ;  of 
'  a  light  yellow  brown,  polished,  and  shin- 
.    Seeds  vely  closely  resembling  those   , 
■".  Laricio  j  and  the  cotyledons  6  or 
I  in  that  species.     The  bnrk  of  ihe  , 
shoots  of  the  current  year  is  of  a  green-  ( 
ish   yellow,  regularly  and   deeply  raised 
I   by  the  insertions  of  the  leavi^s,  furrowed,  / 
""     and   sinning.  (//nuV  Gemeivfattliche  Aa-  ' 
liHimg.  &c.,  p.  8.)     A  large  tree.     Austria,  in 
tbeBreima  Forest  (Wienerwald).the  Banatc, 
upon  the   Demoglet,  near  Mehadia;   and  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  the  Snowy  Mountains, 
at    higher    altitudes    than    J*icea    pectiniita. 
Height  60ft.  to   80ft.     Introduced  in  1835. 

It  flowers  about  the   end   of  May,  and   its  ""'  '■''-i"*"**- 

cones  are  ripe  in  the  October  of  the  second  year. 

This  pine  prefers  a  deep,  dry,  calcareous  sand  ;  hut  it  will  succeed  in  any 
soil,  provided  it  is  loose ;  and  it  even  loves  a  nioiiit  xoll,  if  not  too  wet.  It 
thrives  best  in  siluations  having  a  southern  aspect.  The  buji  wood  of  P.  aus- 
trjiicais  Eaid  by  Hose  to  be  of  a  whitish  yellow,  and  the  heart  wood  of  a  rusty 
j-ellow  ;  the  hitter  being  very  resinous,  strong,  and  tough.  It  is  much  valued 
in  Austria,  when  kept  <lry ;  and  is  said  to  surpass  even  the  larch  in  resisting 
the  injurious  effects  of  water,  or  of  alternate  moisture  and  dryness. 

t  5.  P.  (L.)  PallA3/,iVa  Lamb.     Pallas's,  or  the  Tarlarian,  Pine. 
'- n.    F.  ta.arta  (fori,  i  P.  t»t(- 

KTbuIgm)  1  Tuun  is  Iha  Tuur 


E«|..ul»nfriini  bliumal  Borloa. 
^irc.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaver  in  pairs, 
very  long,  erect,  rigid,  chan- 
neled ;  sheaths  very  short. 
Crest  of  the  anthers  roundish, 
oonvei,  rqiand.  Cone  ovate- 
oblon;;,  often  curved.  Scales 
slightly  luberculaie,  and  termi- 
nated by  B  very  small  prickle. 
(Lumb.)  Bud  (Jf^.  1775.) 
j  in.  to  1}  in.  long,  and  from 


ARBORETUM    BT    FKUTICETUH    BRITANNICUM. 

i)  in.  to  1  in.  broad ;  orate,  and  pointed,  with  the  udes  roo- 
cave,  like  those  of  P.  Larfcio,  but  much  Wgrr.  Learc* 
(see^.  1777.)  from  4  in.  fo  7  or  8  inches  in  length  ;  &heufa 
from  ^in.  to  Jin.  in  length.  Cones  from  4in.  to  5iiL  in 
tength,  and  from  IJin.  to  liin.  in  breadth  at  the  widert 
part:  ovate-rval,  acuminate,  iioriiontal  in  their  direction, 
and  slightl)'  incurved  at  the  extremities,  which  point  down- 
vards.  Scales  as  in  those  of  P.  Larfcio,  bttt  Urger.  A 
large  spreadini{  tree.  Taurica.  Height  60  H.  to  TO  ft,  some- 
timesSOft.  Introduced  in  1790.  Itflowers  in  theciKlorHaf, 
and  its  cones  are  ripe  in  November  of  the  second  year. 
rarieligi.  We  can  readily  conceive  that  P.  L.  PallosHiM,  Gle 
every  other  variety  of  P.  Lartcio,  is  liable  to  sport  ; 


taurica  of  the  London  garden 

is  without  doubt  a  synonyme, 

and  not  even  a  variety. 

This  tree  is  about  the  size  of 

P.   sylveatris,   but    much    more 

spreading,  sending  out  numerous 

large,   declining,   and   horizontal 

branches  from  the  summit  to  the 

biise;  the  lover  branches  almost 

equalling  the  trunk  itself  in  size. 

The  chief  circumstHuce  in  which 


P.  (L.)  PallasJoM  difffers  from 
P.  Laricio,  judging  Irom  the  treen 
at  White  Knights,  is  In  the  lencth 
of  the  coneij :  the  leaves  are  also 
lareer  than  those  of  P.  Laricio; 
and,  on  the  whole,  (he  diifei^ 
ence  maj^  be  compared  to  that 
which  exists  between  Ttiia  eu- 


LXXVII.    aiNIFER^:    PI  NUS.  961 

r  the   pin   de   Hageneau  and   the   pin   de 

I  6.  P.  (L.)  pvrena'ic*  La/i.     The  Pyrenean  Rne. 
IdrMoMnt.    L*  Ptrroiu*  Supp.  Fl.  Vrna. ;  Bdd  Jard..  cd.  ISIT.  p.  ni.  i  Lhwhb'i  Uuiud, 

4nniCiiM>.     P.  hlwiiiu  CKifi  StrUta  in  Spain,  i   p.  ^T.l  PInliler  hllptnla  Oarni  -11  San 
Clemrnir  i  P.  unlc^llui  tup-  Bitl.  ia  PI.  lUi  Pfrimin  i  P.  hil<'|;tiuli  m^or  Ami.ifllarl.  M 

ptintln  (hi  Horti^lliiril  SocMt'i  Girilni.  tioUi  ui  iHn  lUtilKl  ilic^  midjb.  LT79..  to  our  uiuil 
•ult,  ftnm  *  tTK  gtDwlDI.iDlUT,  U  WaodiLdi.DnrHUficlil.ltiiiTMldtllcearjobil  Church,  Ewl- 

Spec.  Char.,  I;c.  Leaves  long,  in  tufts  at  the  extremities  of  the  shoots ; 
branches  dispersed,  naked,  scaty  when  young.  Cones  conical, 
Kmooth,  and  a  little  recurved,  seeds  hard.  {Lap.)  The  tree  when 
young  somewhat  resembles  P.  halepensis,  but  when  older  it  assumes 
a  much  higher  stature,  and  a  more  pyramidal  Torm.  The  cones  arc, 
like  those  of  P.  hulepensis,  on  strong  ruotBlalks  i  but,  insttad  of 
pointing  downwards,  they  are  always  in  a  horizontal  direction.  The 
leaves  are  loni;  and  hne;  hut  strong  and  upright,  and  arranged  round 
the  branches  Uke  the  hairs  of  a  camel-hair  pencil,  whence  the  name 
of  pin  pinceau.  They  are  sometimes  three  in  a  sheath,  on  the 
young  shoots.  (Ann.  de  la  Sac.  iTHoH.  de  Parii,  xiii.  p.  186.)  A 
majestic  tree.  Spain,  in  the  eitensiie  forests  of  the  Sierra  de 
Si-uura,  and  other  places.  Height  60  ft.  to  80  ft.  Introduced  in 
IH34.  It  flowers  in  May,  and  its  cones  are  ripened  in  the  Novenii>er 
of  the  second  year. 

Captwn  Cook,  who  introduced  this  pine,  describes  it  as  quitehardy,  of  quick 
growth,  and  from  its  noble  appearance,  the  beauty  of  its  fonn,  and  the  clear 


transparent  colour  of  both  the  bark  and  foliage,  likely  to  l>ea  vast  acquisition 
to  our  park  scenery.  The  timber  is  white  and  dry,  being  nearly  without  tur- 
pentine ;  but  the  cones  exude  a  most  delicious  balsamic  odour,  as  do  the 
leaves.     H.  S. 

1   7.  P.  Pina'ster  AU.     The  Pinaster,  or  Clialer,  Pine 

fdnififfcalilnl.    An.  Hort.  Krw..  nl.  I..  3.  p.  K7. 

Sfmiifma.    P.tjhaaU>'Lim.Sitl.lUa».4.v.\li.;P.nttmmtBlmDKHam.Ari    No.*. 


ARBOneTUM    ET    FROTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Spec.  Char.,  $c.  Leaves  in  pairs.  lipd,  very  long.  Cooes  conical,  pUcedii 
whorls  of  3,  4,  or  even  aa  many  as  8,  together  ;  rather  aolitary,  much  riiorw 
than  the  leaves ;  the 
backs  of  the  scales 
fomiDg  each  a  rhom- 
boidal  pyramid,  vith 
two  lateral  angles, 
from  which  proceed 
ribs,  terminating  at 
the  summit  of  the 
pyramid  io  a  smaller 
pyramid,  which  has 
a  hard  point,  more 
or  less  shHTp,  and  of 
a  grey  colour.  Crest 
ofthe  anthers  round- 
ed. BudO%  1781.) 


long;  and  from  fin 


slraieht-uded.  cylin- 
drical, with  the  scales 


turned  back ;  white 
and  woolly,  but  never 
resinoua  ;  surround- 
ing buds  few  and 
smJaU.     Leaves  (see 

Jig.  17BB.)  from  6  or 
6  inches  to  I  (I.  in 
length,  slightly  ser- 
rated  on    the    raai^ 

^ns  i   sheaths   from  mt,  r. n  ■  m- 

lin.to|in.  in  length; 

uibricated,  Bcarcelv  li^  i  pale  green  or  whitish  at  first,  and  IxaWff 
at  last  black.  Omes  fium  4  in.  to  6  in.  in  length,  and  frm  II"- 
to  2J  in.  wide  at  the  broadest  part ;  li^t  brown,  and  sfainingi  i^ 
from  1  in.  to  U  in.  b  length,  and  from  fin.  to  }iii.  m  broidth  at  [be«>» 
part  i  terminating  in  a  regular  pyramid ;  rbomboidal  at  the  baae.  Tbc  h* 
mit  considing  of  a  soBller  rbomboidal  pframid,  of  an  t^t-grtj  cokw.  '"T 


LXXVII.   CONIFERS:    PI  NUB.  963 

hard,  and  with  a  smell  shaip  point,  more  pBrticularl;  in  tbe  upper  part  of 
the  cone.  Seeds  obtong,  and  meaauring,  without  tbe  wing,  upwards  of 
{in.  in  length,  and  nearly  Jin.  in  breadth ;  with  the  wing  above  l|iii,  in 
length;  wing  nearly  i in.  in  breadth.  Cotyledons  7  or  8,  A  large  tree. 
South  of  Europe  and  Greece  ;  chiefly  in  low  situations,  and  sand;  soils 
Deartbesea,  Height  50ft,  to 60ft. 8ometime> 70 ft.  Introduced  in  1596.  It 
flowers,  near  London,  in  the  beginning  of  June ;  in  the  Koith  and  West  of 
France,  in  May ;  and  on  tbe  Landes  of  Sordeaui,  in  April ;  and  the  cones 
ripen  at  the  end  of  tbe  second  year. 
yarietia.  The  eitensire  geographical  range  of  this  tree  has  giren  rise  to 
many  varieties,  though  we  hefe  seen  but  very  few  that  can  be  considered 
truly  distinct. 

t  P.  P.  8  Aberdonix  Gard.  Mag.  vol.  xv.  p.  I2S.   P.  P.  Escarenu  Arb. 

Brit,  Isi  edit.  p.  2814. — The  leaves  are  of  apaler  green  than  those 

of  the  species,  but  they  are  equally  ' 

cones  are  shorter,  and  more  ovate. 

handsome  variety.     Introduced  into 

Aberdeen,  in  lB2b. 
f  P.  P.  3  Lenumiinui.     P.  Lemoniana 

act.,  vol,  i.,  second  sericB,  p,  509. 

1763.  to  our  usual  scale,  and  _fig. 

17S4.  to  tbe  natural  eizc—This  is 

also   a  very  distinct   variety,  but 

quite  the   opposite  of   the   Ikst  ; 

being  a  stunted  busby  plant,  with 


zigiag,  close,  and  twiggy  branches 
rently  in  the  same  relation  to  P.  . 
pmntlio  doe»  to  P.  sylvestris. 

I  P.  P.  4  minor.  P.  maritima  minor  A',  JJu  Ham.  v.  p.  8*8.  t.  72.  bis, 
f.  1.,  and  oar  fig.  1785. ;  Pin  Pinsot,  Pin  de  Mans,  Pin  i  Trochet.— 
This  variety,  which  is  chiefly  distinguished  by  the  somewhat  smaller 
size  of  its  cones,  being  from  3}  in.  to  4  in.  long,  and  I  j  in.  broad,  is 
said  by  Bosc  to  be  produced  by  a  colder  climate,  and  to  abound  on 
the  west  coast  of  France,  especially  on  the  barren  sands  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Mans ;  and  to  be  hardier  than  the  species.  It  is 
found  in  the  Landes  of  Bordeaux,  Rowing  along  with  P.  J^naster, 

f   P.  P.  5  fiidt  tanegatii.  —  Leaves  validated. 

1  P.  P.  6  mariUmiu. — Shoots  and  leaves  more  ilender  than  those  of  the 
species.     Greece  and  Italy,  on  ihe  sea  coast. 

Otier  Vanetiei.    Several  enumerated  in  our  first  edition  bear  the  names 
3a  2 


91)4  AltBOnElUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

or  ihe  countrieit  whence  they  were  introducni.  but  they  arc  DOl  wxA 
keeping  distincL  The  only  varieties  of  pinaster  which  we  think  itonh  ml- 
tivating  are,  P.  P.  Aberddniiz  and  P.  P.  LemoiunNiu,  and,  for  thou  ibo 
like  Tuiegated  plants.  P.  P.  (bliia  Tari^ktia. 

There  is  a  more  decided  taproot  in  thin  pine  thu  n 
any  other  Buropean  npeciee ;  nnd,  where  the  soil  ii  dnnl 
aandy,  it  descends  per;iendicularly  into  it,  like  the  root  rfi 
broad-leaved  tree.  In  proportion  as  the  po^cnli- 
cul>ir  root?i  are  ritronger  than  (hose  of  oiher  nno, 
Lhe  horizontal  roots  are  veakcr  ;  and  bence,  lo  \k 
cuse  of  transplanted  trees,  from  the  weight  oliU 


I   by  thi 

incliDed  lo  one  side  ;  and  when,  aiter  two  or  three  years,  it  b^n  I"  P^ 
erect,  a  curvature  appears  close  above  the  root,  which  remains  Tisible  ""^ 
old  treea.  The  rate  a(  growth  is  very  rapid  ;  plants,  in  )0  yean  fro*  'K 
seed,  attnining  the  height  of  10  or  IV  feet,  and,  in  twenty  years,  tfaflid^' 
30  tl.,  in  th^  climate  of  Lonilon.  The  wood  is  in  thick  .layers,  soft,  mil  ^ 
of  great  duration.  The  most  remarkable  fact  in  the  history  of  this  tree  ii* 
great  use  which  has  been  made  of  it  in  France,  in  covering  imnieoK  t'*"*T 
barren  sand  on  the  sea  coast.  Though  the  wikmI  of  the  pinaster  ii  k^  **' 
not  of  long  duration,  it  is  employed,  in  the  mnrine  arsenal  at  Toukm.  ft*™ 
outer  cases  of  all  the  packages  which  are  put  on  board  vessels,  and  piinc^i^ 
for  the  piles  and  props  which  are  used  for  sustaining  the  frames  of  y*** 
while  they  are  beitig  constructed.  In  Bordeaux  and  in  Provence,  it  ■>  *' 
ployeil  fur  the  common  kinds  of  carpentry,  for  packing-boies,  and  Ibr  M; 
but  the  most  valuable  purposes  lo  which  the  tree  is  applied  in  tbcK  ?*''?? 
is  the  production  of  rosin,  tor.  and  lampblack.  Tlic  modes  of  procaHag  V^*- 
tar,  rosin,&c,  from  the  Hnister,  ere  given  ut  length  in  our  first  editiiMi,  nn-f' 
p.  8221.  to  2ZH.  A  deep  di^sand,  or  a  s^ndy  loam  on  a  dry  bottos,  »<' 
this  tree  best ;  it  abhors  chalk,  and  every  deacriptum  of  calcartotu  soil-   <*'" 


i.xxvii.  coNi'Fim*  ;  Pi  nus.  965 

:a  breeze,  it  will  not  thrive,  in 
1  8.  P.  fi'NB*  L.    The  Stoat:  Hne. 

UttMlcalieii.    LIilSb.  PI^UIS.i  All.  HorL  Kew.ed.  1.9  p.  3C8. 

armmrma.    P.  uOii  Bitn*.  Mi.  p.  491. ;  F.  domfillu  ilaiUi.  Camm.  8T. ;  Pin  PIgnon.  Ptn  bun. 

PId  iuhEi«,  Pin  Pinln-.  J'r.  I  GvixlHtien  PIcbla.  Qcr.  ;  Pino  da  Plnocchl.  ;»/. 
Ewrarnv*     Blukw..  I.  I49.i  Du  Hud.  Atb..S,  I.  tT,  ;  Tihcm.  k..e3«.  ;  Lamb.  Pin..  1.  t.  10. 

plu'e  of  Uili  trer  Id  Arb'.  Brit.,  Ill  tdll,',  toI.  ill';  Mr  j!^'.  178(t.,  to  our  luuil  K^t'.Jl'g,.  \m.  lo 
lI1!L.  or  IbB  Olliuaj  il».  ftom  Dropmoni  mod  WblU  KolgbU. 

jipec.  Char.,  Ifc,     Leaves  in  pairs.     Conea  ovate,  obttise,  nearly  as  lanj;  as  the 
leaves,  their  Eralea  with  recjrved  deciduous  points.     Seed  bouy,  with  very 
short  wings.     Creat  of  the  anthers  Jagged.  (Smith.)     The 
buds   (nee  ^.  1767.)    retemble  those  of  Mn^ater,   but  h 
are  smaller  in   all   their  dimensions,  much   le^s  pointed,  ■ 
more  woolly,  and  wholly  without  resin.     The  surround-  jj 
ing  buds  are  nearly  as  large  ex  the  central  ooe.      The    I 
leaves  are  from  din.   Co  7  in.,  and  sometimes  8 in.,  long,     ' 
serrated  ;  sheachi,  at  Brat,  1  in.  lon^,  aflerwards  becoming 
lacerated,  shorleued  tu  hall  their  k-ngth,  and  ringed  with 
tour  or  five  rings.     Cone  trom  6  iu.  to  6  in.  in  length  ;  and 
from  3Jin.  to  +  in,  in  breadth;  scalea  large  and  woody,  from 
S  in.  to  i\\a.  in  length,  and  fixim  1  in.  to  IJin.  in  breadth, 
with  the  chickened  part  pyramidal,  rhomboidal,  and  some- 
limes  hexagonal  in  the  plan,  resemblinj;  ihoaeof/'.  i^nfisler,      „„   p_„„^ 
but  having  four  ribs  from  the  four  angles,  instead  of  two 
irooi  the  lateral  angles.     The  ribs  meet  in  a  small  rhomboidal  pyramid,  of  k 
grey  colour,  which  terminates  in  a  broad  blunt  pHckle.     The  colour  of  the 
'   'ghter  than  that  of /". /Hnaster,  and  is  ofa  pale  wains- 


cot colour.  Seeds,  without  the  wing,  }  in 
broad  ;  with  the  wing,  I  in.  long.  Cotyled 
siied  tree.  Greece, and  cultivated  in  Italy.  Height,  in  Greece,  50  ft.  Co  (iO  li.; 


in  England,  IS  It.  to  SO  ft,  rarely  30  f^.  Introduced  in  1MB.  It  flow<  . 
in  the  climate  of  London,  in  the  latter  end  of  Mav  or  the  bi^inning  of  June, 
and  ripens  its  cones  in  the  autumn  of  the  second  year. 

1  ?P.  P.  2fiagUv  H.  Du  Ham.  y.  p. 

242.—  The  only  variety  mentioned 

by   Continentid   authors ;  and   it 

only  differs   Irom   the  species  in 

having  a  lender  shell  to  ine  seed, 
t  P,  P.  3  crilica  Hort.  — The  leaves 

seem  to  be  rather  finer  than  thoie 

of  the  species. 
In  the  South  of  Europe,  this  species  is  a 
large  tree,  with  a  spreading  head,  forming  a 
kind  of  parasol,  and  a  trunk  30  or  40  feet 
hii;h,  clear  of  branches ;  but  in  Enj;lsnLl  it 
generally  forrns  u  bush  rarely  exceeding 
I.J  ft.  in  height.  The  soil  for  the  stone 
pine  should  be  deq),  sandy,  and  dry,  and 
the  situ^ition  sheltered,  lliuu^h  the  plants 
should  not  lie  crowded.  The  seeds  ave 
procured  from  forcifin  cones,  which  are 
jgeiierally  purchased  in  the  autumn,  or  at 
the    beginning   of   winter,   and  the   seeds 

taken  out  of  them  by  throwing  them  into  ""■  ''■''''«■ 

hot  water,  and  triaiting  ihem  like  those  of  pihaster.     They  are  frequently 
Bown  in  pots  in  the  lourse  of  the  winter,  mid  preserved  in  a  frame,  and  kept 


966 


ARBORETUM   £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


1789.    P.  Pfnea. 


gently  moist,  till  the  spring  ;  when  most  of  the  seeds  will  come  up,  tbo^ek 
some  will  remain  in  the  ground  till  the  second  year.  Their  tardy  genaniW 
is  owing  to  the  thickness  of  the  shell  of  the  seed,  which  some  cnhintof 
break  l^fore  sowing,  though  at  the  risk  of  injuring  the  seed.  The  pl*^ 
which  come  up  should  be  transplanted  into  small  pots,  after  midsamiiier  o> 
the  same  year,  or,  at  all  events,  not  later  than  the  following  spring  ;  and,  kr 
two  or  three  years,  they  should  be  kept  during  winter  in  a  ireoie^  quite  ckwe 
to  the  glass.  The  plants  are  very  tender  for  the  first  two  or  three  ydars;  t^ 
in  the  fourth  and  fifth  years  they  will  endure  the  open  air,  in  the  ctiioates  <v 


utxvii.  cONi'FER£:  pi'nus,  967 

London  and  Puis,  without  anj-  protection.  The  leaves  of  this  ipeciea,  as 
well  SB  of  Eeversl  others,  have  quite  s  different  appearance  for  the  first  two 
jiean  from  what  they  have  ever  afterwnrds ;  they  are  very  glaucous,  ciliated 
on  thdr  margins,  very  abort,  and  very  sharp-pointed.  During  this  period, 
thn  are  sin^e  and  without  sheaths;  biit  afterwards  they  come  out  in  paira, 
with  sheaths,  these  pairs  being  what  are  considered  hy  botanists  as  abortive 
shoots.  The  nursery  treatnient  of  the  stone  pine  is  the  same  as  that  recom- 
mended for  the  pinaster,  with  which  the  tree  is  freqirently  confounded  ;  this 
species  having  also  very  long  taproots,  which  render  it  necessary  to  be  ex- 
tremely careful  in  taking  them  up  for  removal ;  indeed,  they  should  generally 
be  grown  in  pots  ;  and,  when  th^y  are  turned  out  of  the  pots  to  be  planted 
where  they  are  finally  to  remain,  the  greatest  care  should  he  taken  to  stretch 
out  the  roots,  and  to  spread  them  carefully  in  every  direction. 
f  9.  P.  halbpe'nsis  Ail.  The  Aleppo  Pine. 
UrmlVailm.  Alt.  Hsrt.  Kni.,S.p.  ser.  i  Lun.  FlD..Fd.  ].  I.i.l. ;  N.  Du  Him..  S.p.  IW. 
SfriHi^iKi.  ^.  UvrnolrmlUu  Q-  Ham.  Arb.  i.  p.  19fi.  ^  P.  nmrliliiu  pnmt  WoUisJu ;  Find* 
Jtniultaie,  fr.;  Fine d' Aleppo.  Aaf. 

iKl^ile^Uili  treotn  Arb.BAt[lrt8dlL,  TOl.  Illl.  i  ogrjt  1798.,  to  SUT  luiinl  K(le\  iml  At' 
ITM.  (a  ITS*.  ;  all  Cniii  ipednwiu  froni  1  im  Id  (be  Honkuitunl  9«iH;'i  GanlcB. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  in  pairs,  very  slender.  Conea  pyramidal,  rounded 
at  the  base,  turned  downwards,  smooth, 
solitary  or  in  pairs,  stalked.  (Loit., 
andobs.)  Buds  (see  l^.  1790.)  fi-om 
i  in.  to  J  in.  long,  and  ^om  ^  i"  W 
^in. broad;  imbncated, roundish, some- 
what pointed,  wholly  without  resin  ; 
and  altogether  like  those  of  a  pinastn 


Cones  {fig.  1793.)  from 
8^  in.  to  3  in.  in  length ;  and  from  1^  in, 
to  1^  in.  in  breadth  ;  invariably  turned 
downwards,  so  as  to  form  an  acute  angle 
with  the  stem.   Footslalks  of  the  cones 

from  jin.  to  }in.  in  length.  Scale  (/g.  ,;m.  ciuUfiHt 

1791.  a)  from  \\\a.  to  IJin.  long,  and 

f  in.  broad.  Seed,  without  the  wing  (e),  from  J  in.  to  J  in.  in  length,  and 
■^  in.  in  breadth  ;  with  the  wing  (A),  from  1  in.  to  l^in.  in  length.  Coty- 
ledons about  7.  A  low  tree,  ^uth  of  Europe,  Syria,  and  Barbary,  in  dry 
sandy  warm  soils.  Height  SO  fi.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1683.  It  flowers, 
in  the  climate  of  London,  about  the  end  of  Muy  or  the  beginning  of  June, 
and  the  cooes  are  ripened  in  the  autumn  of  (he  second  year. 
Varietia. 

t  IJ.  A.  2  minor.  —  Cones  rather  smaller  than  in  the  species,  but  it  is 
scarcely  worth  keeping  distinct.     Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 
3a  4 


96d 


ARBORETUM    ET  PRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


t  P,'h.  3  maritmn,  P.  merftitna  Lamb,  Pin.  ed.  2.  t.  6. —  AccoRTmg  to 
Mr.  Lambert's  figure,  the  cones  of  this  variety,  in  the  difierent  forms 
in  which  he  has  given  it,  are  all  larger  than  those  of  the  spedes.  A 
very  doubtful  variety. 

i.  P.  h,.  4  genuemis,  P,  genu^nsis  Co<^, —  Does  not  appear,  in  foliage 
and  habit,  different  from  the  species.  The  cone  we  possess  is  3  in. 
long,  and  1^  in.  in  diameter  at  the  broadest  end,  and  r^Iariy  pp- 
midal.     The  length  of  the  stalk  is  |  in. 

The  leaves  are  of  a  deep  green,  2  or  3  inches  long,  most  commonly  S  in  t 
sheath,  but  sometimes,  though  rarely,  3 ;  and  they 
are  so  disposed  as  to  form  a  double  spiral  round 
the  brancnes.  They  never  remain  longer  than 
two  years  on  the  tree  ;  in  consequence  of  which 
the  branches  of  old  trees  have  a  naked  appear- 
ance, and  the  head  looks  open,  straggling,  and 
thin.  The  male  catkins  are  reddish,  from  |-in. 
to  -^in.  in  length,  on  short  pedicels,  disposed 
in  branches  of  30  or  40  together.  The  crest  is 
large,  proportionably  to  the  size  of  the  anthers, 
and  is  rounded.  The  female  catkins  are  not, 
as  is  usual,  placed  at  the  extremity  of  the  shoot 
of  the  year,  but  come  out  at  the  side  of  the  shoot, 
and  towards  the  middle  of  it ;  they  point  outwards 
during  their  flowering,  and  are  of  a  greenish  hue, 
slightly  tinged  with  red.  The  cones  have  very 
strong  peduncles  of  half  an  inch  or  more  in  length  ; 
and,  as  they  advance  in  size,  they  take  a  direction 
almost  perpendicularly  downwards.  The  tree 
grows  rapidly  when  young,  acquiring  the  height 
of  15  or  20  feet  in  ten  years. 

1   10.  P,  bru'ttia  Ten.    The  Calabrian  Pine. 

Idmtifteation.    Ten.  Fl.  Nap.  Prod  ,  p.  69. ;  Synops.,  ed.  alt.,  p.  6a  ;  Link  Abhiind.,  1837,  P.  Hi 
Symmymei.    P.  conglomeriita  Gro'/er  PI,  Exstoe.,  as  quoted  hj  Lambert ;  Kalabrische  KIrfpr,  Ofr. 
Engravingt,    Lamb.  Fin.,  vol  3.  t.  82.}  and  out  Jigs.  I79&  and  1796.,  from  Lambert,  and  frea> 
young  tree  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  sent  there  by  Mr.  Lambert 

Spec.  Char.,  8fc.  Leaves  in  pairs,  very  long,  slender,  wavy.  Cones 
sessile,  crowded,  ovate,  smooth.  Scales  truncate  at  the  apex, 
flattish,  umbilicate.  (Lamb.)  Buds  (see  Jig.  1794.)  fin.  long, 
and  -^in.  broad;  ovate,  pointed,  whitish,  and  wholly  without 
resin ;  centre  bud  surrounded  by  three  smaller  buds.  Leaves 
firom  34  in.  to  4  in.  long  on  the  3^oung  plant  in  the  Horticultural 
Societ\r  8  Garden  ;  but  above  6  in.  long  in  Mr.  Lambert's  figure. 
Sheaths,  in  both,  less  than  ^  in.  in  lengUi.  According  to  Link,  a 
lofty  tree,  vying  with  P.  Laricio.  Calabria,  on  mountains, 
4000  fl.  to  5000  ft.  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Height  70  ft.  to 
80  ft.  bometimes  100  ft.     Introduced  in  1836. 


I79J. 


v%> 


Leaves  in  twos,  rarely  in  threes,  very  long,  slender,  glabrous,  wavy,  spital- 
ing,  about  9  in.  long ;  light  green,  canaliculate  above,  convex  beneath,  sendate 
on  the  margin,  terminated  by  a  small  conical  callous  mucro  ;  sheaths  aM 
\  in.  long,  persistent,  of  an  ash-brown  colour,  membranaceous,  entire  round 
the  tops,  guarded  at  bottom  with  a  linear-lanceolate,  revolute,  brij^t  brovv. 
thread-like,  ciliated  scale  (metamorphosed  leaf).  Cones  sessile,  generill; >■ 
clusters,  ovate,  smooth,  brownish,  2  in.  to  3  in.  long.  Cones  truncate  at  tlie 
apex,  flattish,  trapezoidal,  umbilicate,  smooth,  obsoletely  4-angled ;  umbtlicoi 
dilated,  depressed,  somewhat  hollow,  ash-coloured.  ( D.  Don.)  This  spccio 
is  nearly  related  to  P.  h.  maritima  ,  but  it  is  readily  distinguished  bodi  (nm 
it  and  P.  halep6nsis  by  its  very  long  wavy  leaves,  and  by  its  shorter,  sessile, 
clustered  Cones,  with  the  scales  depressed  and  slightly  concave  at  th^  apex. 


LXXVII.    C0NI'FEB«:    rt  NUS. 


969 


The  learcB  resemble  those  of  P.  l^Hcio ;  but  the;  are  more  alender,  and 
rather  longer  ;  and  both  species  differ  essentially  in  their  cones,  ttprengel 
hM  referred  it  to  P.  Pinaster,  not  even  allowing  if 
the  rank  of  a  variety ;  but,  according  to  Larobm'a 
SSotiognipk,  the  leavei  in  P.  /^nister  are  twice  si 


UtnijAalh*. 


stout,  straight,  and  rigid,  and  disposed  in  interrupted  verticeli ;  and  the  cones 
are  double  the  size,  with  the  scales  elevated  and  angular.  The  tree  of  P. 
br<ittia  u  said  to  attain  a  considerable  mxe,  and  to  field  timber  of  excellent 
quality.  (^Lamb.  Pin.)     H.  S. 

B.  Nativct  if  North  Amei  tea, 
t   W.  F.  BANKS/^'y.4  Lamb.     BaxA.s'a,  or  Iht  Labrador,  "Pitie. 
«1.  i.,  1.  t.  3. 1  N.  Du  Min..  t.  p.  XM.  1  Purm  Fl 

EmKfan«t:    Lunh.  Pin.,  rA.  1.,  I.  1. 1.  |    Mkhl.  N.  Amcr.  S,\.,  3.  I.  [16.  ;  ou 
1)99.  Id  out  uiuiJ  %ciit  of  1  In.  U>  1  [t.  ;  tcAflt-  VKi.  dT  lb*  DUuiil  Ills. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^.  Leavts  in  pairs,  divaricated,  oblique.  Cones  ■ 
recurved,  twisted.  Crest  of  the  anthers  dilated.  (Smilk.)  Bud 
Jin.  long,  ^in.  broad;  cylindrical,  blunt  at  the  point,  whil 
■nd  covered  with  resin  in  lar^e  particles ;  central  bud  surrounded 
by  from  three  to  hve  smaller  buds,  as  shown  mfig.  IT9T.  Leaves 
(see  Jig.  1798.)  from  1  in.  to  l\  in.  in  length,  incliiding  the 
sheath,  which  is  short,  and  has  three  or  four  rings.  Cones  from 
l^in.  to  Sin.  long.  Leaves  and  cones  retained  on  the  tree 
three  or  four  years.     Scales  terminating  in  a  roundish  protuber- 


970  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

ance,  with  a  blunt  point.  Seeds  extreniely  mull.  A  low,  Bcrubbj,  ttn% 
fj^ag  tree.  Hudtan'i  Ba;,  and  farther  north  than  any  other  Amokan 
pine,  where  it  grows  among  barren  roclis.  Height,  in  America,  2  ft.  to  8tLj 
at  Dropmore  and  White  Knights,  ISft.  to  SOfc.  Introduced  b  IT35. 
Flowera  yellowish ;  May.  Cones  ripe  in  the  November  of  the  second  jeir. 
The  catkins  of  both  seies  are  expanded  in  Haj,  before  those  of  P.  tji- 
v£stris  i  but,  as  in  that  species,  the  cones  do  not  attain  their  full  aiie  uxl 
maturity  till  the  November  of  the  second  year,  and  do  not  open  to  sbed  their 


^    ,  ,  e  of  grey  pinel ;  they  ur 

above  2  in.  long,  and  have  the  peculiarity  of  alAaya  pointing  lA  the  same  di- 
rection as  the  branches.  They  are  remarkable  for  curving  lo  one  side,  which 
gives  them  the  sppeaninee  of  small  boms.  They  are  eitremely  hwd,  snJ 
oflen  remain  on  the  trees  several  years.  Plants  are  raised  froni  imponol 
■eeds,  when  these  can  be  procured ;  but  the  species  may  be  inarched,  w 
grafted  in  the  herbaceous  manner,  on  P.  B)'lv&>tris. 

J   12.  P.  I'soPS  Ail.     The  JcrteT/,  or  poor,  Rne. 

All.  Bart. K«r., Xl.,9. p.  167.. ed.  1., b. p.l1S. ;  Ukhi.  N.  Abv. ^U>- p I*-- 

.Ttjlniknl  Dm  Ret  JtatU.  ri.  Pntl  1.  p.  *T.  i  Pin  rfi*tir,  Ft-. 

_.   ,._    ..  „    ,..=  .«    r,..  u._    .  «  ,  .    .  "■-■■T.M.  Amff.arLJ-t.O'.; 

Spec.  Char.,  ffc.     Leaves  in  pairs.     Cones  drooping  oblong-conical,  longer 
than  the  l^ves.     The  scales  aul-shaped,  with  prominent  pricklea.     Creit 
of  the  anthers  sliort,  broad,  jugged.  Bud  {Jig.  1800.)  from  \'m.  to  ^\n.\<Mf, 
and  ^  in.  broad  ;  cylindrical,  blunt  at  the  point,  resinous,  brown,  and 
surrounded  by  three  small  buds.     Cone  {fig.  I80i.)  from  2}  in.  to    | 
SJin.  long,  and  from  1  in.  to  Ifin.  broad,     ^me  of  those  at  thtjp-   I 
more  are  of  the  last  dimensions.     Scales  of  a  hard  woody  texture,  J 
of  a  yellowish  brown  colour,  with  a  sharp  woody  prickle  projecting   ' 
from  each,  which  is  generally  titrught.    Leaves  from  1}  in.  to  i\  in. 
long.     Sheaths  with  3  or  4  rings.      ScciIe  Hmall,  cotyledons  G  to  8. 
Young  shoots  covered  with  a  fine   purplish   glaucous   bloom.      A 
tortuous-branched  low  tree,  having,  at  a  distance,  the  general  appear- 
ance of  P.  Banksiiina  ;  but  differing  fl*om  that  species  m  having  many 
of  the  more  alender  branches  pendulous,  and  the  wood  of  the  shoots    * 
of  the  current  year  conspicuously  glaucous  and  tinged  with  viokt. 
"'     *          'o  Carolina,  on  dry  barren  soils.  Height,  in  America,  30ft.  tn 
■    " 50ft.     Introduftd  in  1739. 


LXXVll.   CONI  FER£  :    PI  NUS. 


The  violet  colour  of  the  shoots  is  peculiar  to  this  speciea  and  to  P.  mitis, 
among  the  8-  and  3-leaved  pbes,  but  it  occurs  in  the  i-leaved  pines,  in  P. 
Sabiniana  and  P.  Co61teri.     The  buds  are  resinous ;  and  this  matter  lery 
readily  eiudes,  and  incnista  the  suHiice  of  the  sections  wbereTer  a  branch  is 
cut  off     At  Dropmore,  in  warm  weather  during  BUDshine,  the  fragrance  of 
the  air  in  the  neighbourhood  of  this  tree  is  detight- 
Itillf  balsamic 
t   13.  P.  pu'nggns  Michx.     The  prici.\y-comd, 
or  Table  MounimB,  Pine. 

UnallkaUim.    Hkht.  Arb..  1.  p,  SI.  i  Furih  Fl.  Amer.  Sept., 

l.p,  MS,  1  Lmb.  Fin.,  sd.1.,1.  t.  1). 
EwaWqit    Lunb.  Fin.,  ol.  3..  I.  I,  IT. :  Ulctii.  N.  Amtt. 

.  Char.,  4rc.  Leaves  short,  and  thickly  set. 
.  top-shaped,  very  large,  yellow.     Scales 

with  hard  incurved  prickles,  thick,  and 

broad  at  the  base.  (Michx.)    Bud  (J!g. 

1803.)  Erom  lin.  to  4in,  long,  and  \  in. 

broad;  cylindrical,  blunt  at  the  point ; 

brownuh,  and  covered  with  white  reain ; 

generally  without  small  buds.     Leaves 

(gg.  1B05.)  2i in.   long,  including  the 

sheath,  which   has  4  or  5   rings ;   the 

leaves   are  much   broader,   and   rather 

shorter  and  Lghter,  than  those  of  P. 

(a.)  pumllio,  and  tipped  with  a  sharp 

point.  Cone  3k  in.  long,  and  about 
SJ  in.  broad.  Scale  woody,  and  furnished  with  a 
strong  awl-ahaped  hook,  exceeding  J  in.  in  length. 
Seeds  nearly  as  large  us  those  <rf  P.  sylvestris, 
rough   and  black.      Cotyledons  from   6  to  8,  im*.  r  ,„„«„,. 


AltBURETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUH. 


A  tree,  vith  tbe  habit  of  P.  aj'tvestris,  but  with  •  much  more  brsml; 

head.     North  Carolina,  on  high  mountains.     Height  40  ft.  to  £0  ft.     iatro- 

(lured  in  1S04.     Flowers  in  Slay,  and  the  conei  are  ripened  io  Norcmber 

of  the  second  year. 

Readily  diblinguishcd  from  P.  ayWesIris  by  the  young  leaves  not  bong 
glaucous,  and  by  the  leaves  generally  being  more  straifiht  and  npd,  slighilj 
serrated  at  tbe  merging,  und  with  Ehorter  BheatbH.  Tlie  leaves  are  alio 
of  a  paler  green,  both  when  young  and  full  grown ;  so  that  the  tree,  wbca 
of  large  size,  has  nothing  of  the  gloomy  uppearance  attributed  to  tlie  Scotch 
pine.  The  cones  are  of  B  light  yellowibh  lirown  colour,  withoul  footstalkii 
and  they  are  generally  in  whorls  of  3  or  4  together,  pointing  horiionlally,  tai 
remaining  on  the  tree  for  many  years.  At  Dropmore,  there  are  cone^  adhif- 
in»  to  the  trunk  and  largi;r  branches  of  more  than  20  years'  growth,  giving  tbe 
tree  a  very  singular  appearance  ;  and  rendering  its  trunk  easily  distinguishaUe^ 
even  at  a  distance,  from  those  of  all  others  of  tlie  pine  tribe. 

A  AU.     Tlie 


I   14..  P.  B 
AU.  Hort.  K. 


p  an.,  ed.  9. 


us,  iw  red.  Pine. 
6.1  Ponb  Fl.  AtEv.  G 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Bark  red.  Leaves  in  pairs,  4  or  5  inches  long.  Coimso'' 
a  reddish  brown,  ovate-conical,  rounded  at  the  base,  and  half  the  len^b  i/ 
the  leaves;   scales  dilated  in  the  middle,  and  unarnied.  (Afukj.)    B<'ds 


Lxxvii.  com'fera:  Pi'nus.  973 

{Jig.  1806.)i  lithe  White  KnightB  sped  men,  IJin.  long,  and  ^  in. 
bruail  1  ovate,  acuniinllte,  concave  on  the  sideii,  with  a  long  point, 
tia  in  P.  Larfdo  j  bjt  reddish  brown,  and  ver^  resioous.     Lea 

{fig.  1807.)  from  5  in.  to  6  in.  loog,  atruighl,  stiff,  and  yelloH 
the  tip;  sheath  from  ^in.  to  1  in.  long,  white,  lacerated,  and  be-  ' 
coming  ihort  and  dark  with  age.  Cone  £  in.  long,  and  1}  in.  broad, 
ovate-conical,  browniah  red,  sesaile,  or  wiih  very  short  lootstalks; 
scales  J-  in.  long,  and  J  in.  broud.  Seeds  imall ;  with  the  wings  }  in. 
lung.  The  leaves  are  thickly  set,  and  incliofd  towards  the  shoot, 
and   much  lighter  and  more  glaucous  than  in  P.  Laricio  and  ill  ' 

rielies,  in  which  the  foliaee  is  of  a  durker  green  than  it  is  in      ^ 
other  speiieB  of  Pinus.     The   shoots  are  much   mure  naked,   the  H 
whole    tree  is   more  open   and   lighter,   and  the  large  and  small  fi 
branches  are  straighter  and  more  distant,  than  in  P.  Laricio  j  the  ^^ 
plant  is  also  of  much   leas  vigorous   growth   in  British   gardens. 
A  large  tree.     Canada,  near  Lake  St.  John,  and  also  m  Nova  Scotia  and 
at  Lake  Superiori  in  dry  sandy  soiU.     Height,  in  America,  60  ft.  to  TO  ft. ; 
in  England,  iO  II.  to  30  ft.     Introduced  in  1756.     It  flowers  in  May,  and 
the  cones  are  ripened  in  the  autumn  of  the  second  year. 


The  foli^e  and  the  cones,  and  even  the  tree  altogether,  bear  a  close  general 
resemblance  to  P.  Laricio  j  but  the  different  form  and  colour  of  the  scales, 
the  UghCer  tinge  of  the  foliage,  and,  above  all,  the  much  more  delicate  consti- 
tution of  tlie  tree,  appear  sufficient  to  justify  us  in  retaining  it  as  a  distinct 
speciea.  We  are  certain  that  the  trees  nt  White  Knight!<  are  the  true  P. 
rubra  of  Michaux  ;  because  they  were  raised  by  Messrs.  Loddiges  from  leeds 
of  P.  rubra,  sent  to  them  by  Bartram  of  Philadelphia.  We  have  also,  since 
the  above  was  written,  received  cones  and  leaves  Irom  Mr.  M'Nab,  jun., 
which  were  gathered  by  him  in  Upper  Canada,  in  August,  1831,  from  trees 
which  had  been  blown  down,  aod  which  measured  upwards  of  70ft.  in  leogth. 


ARBORETUM    ET  FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 

I   15,  P.  MiVia  Mlchx.     The  aott-Uaved,  or  yellow,  Kne. 


'mer.  Sept.  p.  CU.  {  ?  P.  sdlbaiu  Mm.  DiO.  Ns.  U.  i  Kt> 

^V"^'-'  "*f'^l'>'  ".  Aoier  Sjfl..  ».  t.  13?'  1  ™r  A"-  '*"■  "^  DfOfmof*.  »i>4  1W»-  *»■  »■ 
^uii,Uiwir<uiulKi]ai  udj^i.  IW,  Iiil0,uid  lgU..af  UMuninldia. 

SjHK.  Char..^c.  Leaves  long,  slendefi  hollowed  on  the  upper  rar&«.  Coora 
small,  ovate-conical.  Scales  with  thrir  outer  surface  slightly  promiiteirt,  siiil 
terminating  in  a  very  small  slender  miicro, 
pointing  oucwarda.  (_MiA*.}  Biula,  on  a 
young  tree  (fig.  1609.).  A  in.  long, 
and  -^in-  broad;  on  an  old  tree, 
,  larger  (&.  1810.)  i  scarcely  resini 
I  Leaves  (fig.  1611.  (rom  Hichaux)  ? 
I  from  2\  in.  to  4  in.  long,  with  sheaths 
I  i in,  long;  white,  lacerated, aOenrarda 
I  oecoming  dark,  slightly  ringed.  Cone 
" '  1.  long,  and  1  in.  broad  in  the  widest 
't.  ^eds  small;  with  the  wing, 
I  }  in.  long.  Young  shoota  covered 
inn.  with  a  violet-coloured  glaucous  bloom, 
hke  those  of  P.  inops,  by  which  it  is 
readily  distinguished  from  the  P.  variabilis 
of  Limibert  A  beautiful  (ree,  much  valued 
in  America  for  its  timber.  New  Eng- 
land to  Georgia,  in  most  pine  forests,  in 
vaiious  parts  of  the  United  States.  Height 
soft,  to  60 fL  in  America,  and  alao  in  Eng-  "'°'  '■"■'*■ 

land  ;  with  ■  trunk  of  the  uniform  diameter  of  15  or  18  inches,  for  nesrir 
two  thirds  of  its  length.     Introduced  in  1739.     Flowers  in  May,  and  in 
cones  are  ripened  in  Noyember  of  the  second  year. 
The  branches  ire  spreading  on  the  lower  part  of  the  trunk,  but  becone  Im 
divergent  as  theye^ proach  the  head  oflbe  tree,  where  they  are  bent  towards  dx 
body  so  as  tofomi  a  summit  r^ulariy  p^nnodil : 
but  not  spacious  inpr(^>orttODtothediiiieDsiDat 
of  the  trunk.     This  narrow  conical  appeanace 
of  the  head,  ea  compared  with  the  sfna^ 
character  of  those  oT  other  speciea,  seaM  » 
have  given  rise  to  the 
name  of  spruce  pine  in 
America.     The  leaves, 
according  to  Michaux, 
are  4  or  5  inches  long, 
fine  and  flexible,   hol- 
lowed   on    the    upper 
surface,  of  a  dark  green, 
and    united    in    pairs. 


in  the  same  sheath  on 
young  shoots,  but  nerer 
on  old  branches.  The 
P.  variabilis  of  Lam- 
bert's P'mut,  which  is 
made  a  synonyme  of 
this  species  by  Pur^, 
is  ungues tioDi^ly  a  to- 
tally different  plant  from 


LXXVII.    COKl'FEILe  :    i>l"NU9.  975 

the  p.  nilcU  of  Michaui ;  being  without  the 
violet-coloured  glaucous  bloom  on  the  young 
shoots ;  harina  rigid  leaves,  generally  in  threes  ; 
and  a  cone  with  very  strong  prickles,  like  that  of 
P.  7^'da,  to  which  species  we  have  referred  it. 
The  only  plants  that  we  know  which  answer  to 
Michaux's  description  of  P.  mitis  are  at  Drop- 
more,  where  they  are  readily  known  by  the  violet- 
coloured  glaucous  bloom  on  the  young  shools,  - 
aad  by  the  leaves  being  almost  all  in  twos  ;  at  ~ 
the  same  time,  it  is  proper  to  mention  that  the 
leaves  there,  though  soil  and  slender,  are  much 
shorter  than  those  in  Michiiux'E  figure.  The 
name  applied  to  this  species  at  Dropmore  is  P. 
variabilis.  There  is  also  a  plant  at  Dropmore 
named  P.  mitis ;  but  it  is  wholly  with  three 
iearet  ;   and,  as   far   as   we   can   ascertaia   (the  ,,„,  ,,^^ 

tree  not  having   yet  borne    cones),   it   belongs 

either  to  P,  su6tina,  or  to  some  variety  oT  it.  The  description  given 
by  Miller  of  P.  echinilta,  as  having  finely  elongated  leaves,  and  a  cone  with 
very  slight  slender  prickles,  apees  perfectly  weU  with  this  species,  as  described 
by  Michaux  ;  and  not  at  alFMrith  Mr.  Lambert's  P.  variabilis,  which  hede- 
scribes  as  having  leaves  only  S  in.  long,  and  cones  with  scales  having  "  tborav 
points  of  a  strong  woody  texture  projecting  frtKQ  them." 

)   16.  P.  costo'bta  Dotiglai.     The  twist  ed-^nmcAnJ   Pine. 
Buds  roundish,  with  a  blunt  point,  covered  with  reein,  end  brown.  Leaves 
S  in  a  sheath,  8  in.  long  ;  sheath  very  short,  imbricated,  black.     Cones  fi«m 
Sin.  to  SJin.  long;  and  from  Jin.  to  I  in.  broad  i  scales  with  the  apices  having 
a  depressed  Uteral  rib,  termi- 
nating in  a  blunt  point,  fur- 
nish^ with  a  caducous  muci 
The  shoots  are  r^ularly  ai 
closely  covered  with  leaves, 

those  of  P.  (a )  pumilio, 
whichthespecimen  Heat  home   / 
by  Douglas,  in  the  Horticuk-  |' 
I  tuml    Society's     herbarium,  f 
=  bears  a  general  resemblance.  I 
'  This    pine   was    found    by  | 
Douglas  in  North-west  Ame-  I 
rica,  on  swampy  ground  near 
the   sea   coast ;    and,   abun- 
iiM.  r  iiMHim  dantly,    near    Cape    Dis^ 

pointment  and  Cape  Lookout. 
Tig.  1814.  to  our  usual  scale,  and  j%.  1815.  of  the   natural  uze,  are  from 
the  q»ecimens  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  herbarium. 

t   17.  P.  TtlKBiHA'TA  Sole.     The  Top-flhaped-coiird  Pine. 

Leaves  8  in  a  sheath,  slightly  glaucous,  scarcely  I  in.  long.  The  buds 
are  very  snudl,  reddish,  fringed,  and  not  resinous.  The  cones  are  in  whorls 
from  8  to  5  together,  sharply  pointed,  longer  than  the  leaves,  with  the  scales 
almost  square,  and  not  pyramidal.  Bosc  thinks  that  it  is  probably  a  nauve 
of  North  America  ;  but  his  descripdon  is  taken  from  a  tree  in  the  garden  of 
the  Petit  Trianon,  about  40  ft.  hi^,  the  only  one  he  had  seen.  He  adds  that 
e  resembles  that  of  P.  mitis  ;  but  it  differs  in  its  leaves 
M  being  without  spines. 


appearance 
h  snorter,  ai 


ii  tilplUl  Plmi.  J 


ARBORETUM    ET    PBOTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

§  ii.     TemMte.  —  Leavei  3  in  a  Sheath. 

A.  Natm$  of  Korih  America. 
S   18.  P.  TsD/i  L.     The  Frankincense, or  LMoU;/,  F^nc 

£l<irnnAl(t.    Lunb.  Fln^  ed.  t..  1.  I.  lH  i  MLchi.  K.  Amcr.  S;l,t.  lO. ;  IbeplmU  of  OAitrmem 

Spec.  Char,  ^c.     Leares  in  threes,  elongated.     Cone*  often  in  piura,  iboner 
ttiun  the  leaves;   oblong. 

pyremidal.  somevhat  trun- 
cate at  the  spev  ;  acnles 
with  shaq)  prickles,  turned 
inwards.  Crest  of  the 
anthers  rounded.  Budk, 
young  trees 

1  }  inch  long,  and 
^  inch  broad  ; 
pointed,  with 
straight  sides ; 
brownish       red, 

vered  with  resin  i 
any  other 
u,g.  species,  except 
Pin.  fianksidna.  ' 
Buds  on  the  full-grown 
tree  at  Syon  as  in  ^. 
1818.  Leaves  (see  fig. 
1817.)from5iin.to5}Ln, 
long,  rigid,  bluntly  pointed, 
channeled  in  the  middle, 
with  nheatha  from  j  in.  to 
I  in.  long  ;  brown,  and 
faintly  ringed.  Cones  3}  in. 
to  1)  in.  long,  and  mim 
Ifin.  to  Sin.  broad  \  scales 
1^  in.  long.  Seed  snuiU ; 
with  the  wiug,  1  A'"-  '*^S- 
A  large  tree.  Florida  to 
Virginia,  in  barren  sandy 
situations.  Height  TOIL 
to  80  h.  Introduced  in 
1713.  In  the  climate  of 
London,  the  tree  flo»erx 
in  May.  but  in  Carolina  it 
flowers  in  April ;  and  the 
cones  ripen  in  the  Atigusl 
of  the  second  year. 


1  P.  T.  S  thru 
tailFranU 

the  species.      Pursh  is  of  oini 
« than  the  P.  serotina  of  Michai 
bert  tKinha  it  a  variety  of  F.  rigpda. 


Idea  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.,  ed.  8.,  v.  p.  317.    The  Vert- 

le  Pine.  —  Said  to  have  the  leaves  gpreiding,  and 

M]uarrose  thr-  **• '•"      »»■—»■  "  -<■  — :—  •»■"  >h- 

Ay  IS  nothing  m 

thini     ■ 


LXXVII.   CONl'FERf  :   Pl'NUS. 

The  leaves  are  broad,  pointed,  flat  on  the 

u|^}er  surface,  and  forming  a   rid^c  below  ; 

of  a  line   Vi^hi  green,   with   a   sheath   long 

and  whiti&h  at  EirBl,  but  becoming  short,  thick, 

and  brown  when  old.  The  cones  are  about 
4  in.  in  length  ; 
and  the  scales  ter- 
minate in  pro- 
cesses which  have 
the  form  of  an 
elon^ted  pyra- 
mid, somewhat  in 
the  manner  of  P. 
Pinkster;  but  the 
,  apex  of  the  pyra- 
mid terminates  in 
a  thick  and  sharp 
t  prickle,  somewhat 
in  the  manner  of 
P.  p6ngens,  and 
turned  upwards. 
In  England,  in  the 
climate  of  Lon- 
1  don,  i'inus  Tse'da 
Kit.  p.Twfii.  '  mows  vigorously  i  iii!i.  p.  nrti.. 

there  being  lai^ 

trees  at  Syon  and  at   Kew,  which,  after  being  50  years  planted,  produc 

shoots  of  from  9in.  to  I  ft.  every  year,  end  ripen  cones. 


Spec.  Char,,  Sfc.  Leaves  in  threes.  Cones  ovate-oblong,  in  threes  or  fours, 
much  shorter  than  the  leaves ;  their  scales  terminated  hy  a  rouph  thorny 
point.     Male  catkins  elongaled,  with  the  crest  of  the  anthers  dilated,  and 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

a  (see  Jig.  IB2I.),  f"""  4in.  to  Jb. 
iwn,  and  covered  with  resiii;  on  ihe 
full^own  treea  at  Dropmore   as   in  Jig.   1893.      Leares  (mc  ^. 
I8S3,)  froma^in.  to4^in.  long;  sheath  ^m.  long,  white  U  iiv. 
and  al^erwards  becoming  darker,  but  scarcely  bladt.     Cooa  troo 
1   2}  in.  to  Sin.  long,  and  rrom  l}in.  to   l^in.  broad;  scales  \^h. 
',   long,  terminating  id  depressed  qimdritateral  pynunids,   endii^  in  i 
I   prickle,  pointing  outwards.     Seed  little  more  than  -J in.  long;  bo. 
with  the  wing,  from  (in.  to  Jin.  lon^.     Cotjledons,  ?.    A  lam  me. 
I   New  England  to  Virginia ;  in  tight,  Iriable,  and  Eaody  soils.     UeiA 
TOft.  toBOft.     Introduced  in   1TS9.      It  flowers  in  Maj',  and  tk 
'"''   cones  are  produced  in  the  autumn  of  the  second  year. 
Variely.     According  to  Mr.  Lambert,  F.  T.  alopecuroidea   Ail.  ii  a  nriai 
of  P.  rigida,  characterised  by  its  much  shorter  and  stouter  Icbtcs,  and  b 
ovate^)blone,  much  narrower,  and  aggregated  cones.  (Lamb.   Pia,,  ed.  i. 
no.  17.)     We  have,  however, 
placed  it  under  P.  ser<3tina. 
The  pitch  pine,  iq  America, 
Michaux  informs  iis,  varies,  ac< 
carding   to   aoi!   and   situation, 
from  13  or  15  feet  to  TO  or  80 
feet  in  height.     "  The  buds  are 
always  resmoua  ;  and  its  triple 
leaves  vary  in  length  from  l^in. 
to  7  in.  according  to  the  dq;ree 
■  1  the  soil.     "Hie 


male    catkins    are    1  in.    long, 

straight,  and  winged,  tike  those 

of  the  pond  pine  (P.  ser6tina). 

The  BJie  of  the  cones  depends 

on   the  nature  of  the  soil,  and 

varies  from   less   than   I  in.  to 

more  than  3  in.  in  length  ;  they 

are  of  a  pyramidal  shape,  nnd  """  *'■"''*' 

each  scale  is  pointed  wiih  an  acute  prickle  of  about  .^in.  long.     Wbeoera' 

these  trees  grovr  in  masses,  the  tonus  are  dispersed  singly  over  the  hraocAes  ; 

and  they  shed  their  seeds  the  first  autumn  al^er  they  are  mature;  bat.  oa 


Lxxvii.  coni'ferje:  pi^nus. 


979 


solitary  trees,  the  cones  are  collected  in  groups  of  four,  five,  or  even  a  larger 
number,  and  will  remain  on  the  trees  closed  for  several  years.  In  British 
gardens,  the  tree  is  of  as  rapid  growth  as  P,  Tae'da  or  P.  pungens. 

t  20.  P.  (r.)  Fraser/  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.    Fraser's  Pine. 

There  is  a  tree  bearii^  this  name  in  the  Hackney  arboretum,  which,  in 
1840,  was  upwards  of  13  ft.  high,  with  3  leaves  in  a  sheath,  and  pendulous 
branches  reaching  to  the  ground.  The  leaves  and  young  shoots  have  every 
appearance  of  those  of  P.  rigida ;  and,  though  the  tree  has  not  yet  borne  cones, 
we  have  little  doubt  of  its  belonging  to  that  species.  The  plant  was  received 
from  the  Liverpool  Botanic  Garden  in  1620. 

f  21.  P.  (r.)  sero'tina  Michx,    The  late,  or  Pond^  Pine. 

JdeniificaUon,    Michx.  Fl.  Amer.  Bor^  3.  p.  206. ;  N.  Amer.  S7I.,  3.  p.  U8. ;  Punh  Sept.,  2.  p.  643^ 
Sunonjfme.    ?  P.  7>eMa  olopecuroldea  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  S.,  A.  p.  317. 
Engravmgt.    I' 

in  Arb.  Brit. 

the  natural  lise. 

Spec.  Char,,  Sfc,     Leaves  in  threes,  very  long.     Male  catkins 
erect,  incumbent.     Cones  ovate  ;  scales  having  verv  small 
roucros.    Buds,  on  young  trees  (see^.  1824.^,  from 


TT 


in 


.  to  -fifiii'  in  length,  and  from  -^in.  to  ^in. 


1SS$.  p.  torddna. 


m  breadth ;  conical,  dark  brown,  and  very  resinous  ; 
buds  on  old  trees  as  in  fig.  1825.  Leaves  (see  fig, 
1827.),  in  the  Dropmore  specimens,  from  4  in.  to 
6  in.  long ;  in  Michaux's  figure,  upwards  of  8  in.  long. 
Cones  2^  or  3  inches  long,  and  1^  or  2  inches  broad ; 
egg-shaped ;  scales  ^  in.  long,  and  \  in.  broad,  with 
the  apex  depressed,  and  terminating  in  a  slender 
prickle.     Seed  very  small ;  with  the  wing,  from  f  in. 

18S4.  ^^  T^"*  ^^'  l^i^S^^*  Cotyledons,?.  The  cones  and 
leaves  of  the  trees  of  this  name  at  Dropmore,  and 
the  circumstance  of  there  being  trees  at  Pain's  Hill  with 
cones  of  different  sizes  and  shapes,  but  all  on  three-leaved 
pines,  and  all  evidently  of  the  Tk'da  family,  induce  us  to 
believe  that  P.  rfgida  and  P.  ser6tina  are  only  different 
forms  of  the  same  species.     A  middle-sized  tree.     New 

Jersey  to  Carolina,  on  the  edges  of  ponds,  and 
in  swamps.  Height  30  ft.  to  40  ft.  Introduced 
in  1713.  It  flowers  in  May,  and  the  cones  are 
ripened  in  the  autumn  of  the  second  year,  but 
do  not  shed  their  seeds  till  the  third  or  fourth 
year,  whence  the  specific  name. 

The  tree  has  a  branchy  trunk,  from  15  in.  to 
18  in.   in   diameter,  and   in   America   it   rarely 
exceeds  from  35  ft.  to  40  fl.  in  height.      The 
timber    consists    chiefly   of   sap   wood,    and    is 
f/   of  very  little  use  except  for  fuel.      The  leaves 
%Wii^  are  generally  5  or  6   inches   long,   and   some- 
^  times    more.      The  male    catkins    are  straight, 
and  about  \  in.  long.     The  cones  are  commonly 
in  pairs,  and  opposite  to  each  other ;  they  are 
about  2^  in.  long,  nearly  2  in.  in  diameter,  and 
egg-shaped  ;  the  scales  are  rounded  at  their  ex- 
tremities,  and    armed  with  fine  short   prickles, 
which  are  easily  broken  off,  so  that  in  some  cases 
no  vestiges  are  left  of  their  existence.       This, 
like  the  other  kinds  of  P.  T^Ma,  forms  an  inte- 
resting addition  to  the  pinetum,  growing  freely 
at  Syon,  Pain's  Hill,  and  Dropmoirr 
3r  2 


18t6.    P.MTdtina. 


ARBORETUM    ET  FRUTICETUM   BRlTANNtCUH. 


P.  vanabiUi  Lamb.  Pm.,eJ.  £.,  1.  t.  14.;  and  our^.  1898.  of  tbc  nusk 
size,  from  Lainbert'n  plate. — Mr.  Lambert  describes  this  pine  as  bniDf  tk 
leaves  in  twos  and  tlirees,  S  in.  long,  channeled,  the  margins  and  nenres  twA 
and  the  apexes  sub-keels haped ;  the  sheaths  short,  straight,  and  but  bttk 
wrinkled.  The  cones  solitary,  recurved,  pendulous,  narrow-OTate,  muriate^ 
spines  subincurved,  with  the  sfalcs  dilated  in  the  middle.  He  haa  onlj  sen 
two  trees  of  this  species  in  En  ("land ;  one  at  Pain's  Hill,  and  the  odirt« 
Keuf.  (Lamb,)  The  one  at  Kew  no  longer  exists;  and  the  only  treo  k 
Pain's  Hill,  that  we  could  see,  with  cones  resem- 
bling those  in  Mr.  Lambert's  plate,  had  three  leaves, 
und  appeared  to  us  [<>  helong  to  P.  7^'da.  The 
liiids  in  Mr,  Lambert's  figure  appear  to  be  resinous, 
and  are  nearly  smooth  (see^.  I8B9.),  but  those  of 
P.  variabilis  at  Droomore,  which  we  feel  confident  is 
the  P.  niitis  of  Michaux  (which  Mr.  Lambert  makes  I 
a  synonyme  of  his  plant),  are  scaly,  with  the  scales  : 
reflexed,  as  in  /g.  1810.  in  p.  97*.  The  young 
shoots  in  Mr.  Lambert's  plate  arc  green,  but  in  ll 
Dropinore  plant  they  are  of  the  some  violet  glai 
cous  hue  as  those  of  P.  inops  :  a  character  so 
remarkable  that  it  cannot  be  mistaken,  and  which, 
Michaux  says,  belongs  to  no  other  pine  of  the  United 
States  but  P.  inops  and  P.  mitis.  (A^  Amer.  Syl., 
iii.  |i.  130.)     It  is  found  also  in  P.  Sabini'uni  and  P.  ue. 

Coulteri ;  but  with  these  species  Miehaux  was  not 
acquainted,  and  l>eaides  they  are  not  natives  of  the  tlnited  S 


Lxxvii.  coni'feii.e:  pi'nus. 
abilia  may  therefore  be  considered  as  an  imaginary  specit 


A  Doug.    The  benvy-wooded  Pine. 

Idmtifittmoti.    Douglu'i  ipeclDimt  \n  the  HDnlcuItunU  Socldf'a  berbvLum  ^  LaartoQ'i  MAniul. 

pTSt.  J  IxhM.  Cil..  Id.  IBM  5  Pin.  Wob.,  p.  M.  1  Pmnr  C)T..  lol.  18. 
£fVra>tiv<.    Pin.  Woli..  t.  IV;  our  A.  IB33.  Moot  Uliul  tait;  Uld  J((l.  IIOO.  to  1»3S.  of  Ihi. 

■itttunJ  ftlie,  from  the  Irre  In  chft  Uordculturu  Sodetr''  CardeDi  ahI  Douflu  » tpflcimeni  Id  iht 

Hnnkuliura]  Siid«)'i  birbiiluiD, 

5|pec.  Char.,  !fc.     Leaves  three  in  a  aheatb,  much  longer  than  the  cone&, 

flexible,  tortuous,  with  short  sheaths.    Crest  of  the  antners  rounded,  entire. 

Cones  ovate,  reflexed,  with  the  spicea  of  the  scales  flattened,  with  a  raised 

process  in  the  middle,  terminating  in  a  conical,  minute,  recurved  spine, 

slightly   quadrangular.      Buds,  in  Douglas's  specimeD,   j.  in. 

long,  and  |  in.  broad ;  cylindrical,  with  straight  sides,  rounded 

like  a  dome  at  the  extremity,  but  with  a  pniminent  blunt 

fioint  i  dark  brown,  and  covered  with  resin.     Buds,  on  the 
iving  tree  in   the   Horticultural   Society's  Garden  (see  fig. 
k  1830.),  from  1  in.  to  l|ia.  long,  and  from  fin.  to  IJin.  broad; 
9  smooth,  cylindrical,  with  a  long  point;  reddish  brown,  and 
I  covered  with  a  Gne  white  bloom,  con- 
p  sisting  of  fine  particles  of  resin,  sur- 
rounded by  two  or  more  smaller  buds. 
Leaves  disposed  in  parallel  spirals ;  in 
Douglas's   specimen   (see  Jig.  1932.), 
isw.         from  9in.  to  II  in.  long;  3  in  a  sheath, 
which  is  from  }  in.  to  I  in.  in  length, 
'ith  numerous  fine  rings ;  scales  of  the  leaves  per- 
'sistent  on  the  wood,  even  of  two  years'  or  three 
years' growth.     Leaves,  on  the  living  plant,  from 
7  Id.  to  9 in.  long.     The  cone  (see  ^.  1S3I.),  in 
Douglas's    specimen, 
is  deformed,  and  very 
i  111  perfectly         deve- 
loped ;  it  IS  only  3  in. 
long,  and  j  in.  broad. 
The  scales  are  termi- 
nated in  flattened  pro-  / 
cesses,  scarcely  ribbed  ^ 
in  any  direction.    In  f 
the  centre  of  the  pro- 
\  cess    is   B    protuber- 
I   uiice,  large  in  propor- 
t  tion    to    the    seile, 
I  which  terminates  in  a 
sharp  prickle,  point- 
in!;  outwards.     Scale 
1  in.  long,  and  }  in. 
broad  ;   dark  brown. 
Seed  A  in.  long,  and 
I  in.    broad  ;    dark 
brown,  witll  the  wing 
nearly  1  in.  in  length, 
and  j.in,  in  breadth  ; 
wings  of  a  yellowish 
1U1   p  u<»d>iu.  brown.     A  lofty  tree.  \tm.  r.tt„iBttL. 

Korth    America,  on 
the  north-wesi  coast.     Height  SO  ft.  to  100  fl.      Introduced  in  1886.     It 
bas  not  yet  flowered  in  En^d. 


932  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUH. 

The  plantR,  when  of  ten  or  twelve 
yean'  growth,  are  remarkuble  for  the 
twistea  appearance  of  their  branches 
which  are  in  regular  verticillate  whorls. 
The  timber  of  tiill^rown  trees  is  said 
to  be  so  heavy  as  almost  to  unk  in 
water.  The  species  is  found  to  be 
quite  hardy,  and  of  rapid  growth,  both 
in  the  climate  of  London  and  of  Edin- 
burgh. P.  ponderdsa  IB  a  native  of 
the  nonh-west  coast  of  North  Ame- 
rica, on  the  banks  of  the  9pokan  and 
Flathead  rivers,  and  on  the  Kettle 
Falls  of  the  Coltunbia,  abundantly. 
It  was  discovered  by  Douglas,  and 
sent  b^  him  to  the  Horticultural  So- 
ciety in  18i!6.  A  number  of  plants 
were  raised  from  seeds  in  that  year, 
and  dbtributed :  the  largest  of  those  . 
we  believe  to  be  that  in  the  Hor- 
ticultural Society's  (iarden.  He 
tree  at  Dropmore  was,  in  1637,  9  ft. 

1  !3.  P.   Sab  IN/^IU  Douglas.      Sahme's,  or  Ike  great  pridly-coHtd,  ?mc- 
MttaBlal/OH.    Lunb.  PId..  ed.  9.,  3.  I.  M.  ;  Liirian'i  Huuil.  p.  Sfil.  ;  Pin  Wob^  a. 

Spec.  Char.,  i^l-.  Leaves  in 
threes,  very  long.  Cones 
ovate,  echinate,  very  Urge. 
Scales  long,  avi  l-sfaaped, 
incurved,  and  spiny  at  the 
apex.  {Lami.  I^n.)   Buds, 

the  Horticul- 
tural Society's 

i  Qardea     (see 

9jSg.        1834.), 

f  nearly  I  inch 
long,  and  |  in. 

t  on  the   sides, 
'  imbricated,  but 

with  resin. 
"**"  Leaves  from 
10  b.  to  1ft.  in  length  ; 
glaucous  in  every  stage  of 
thdr  growth,  lleiuoie ;  and, 
when  full-grown,  partly 
bent  downwards,  as  those 
shown in^,  IH37.  Sheaths 
above  1  in.  in  length,  mem- 
bmnaceous,  ash-brown, 
shining,  and  nearly  entire 
at  the  lop,  with  numerous 
rings.  IScalesofthe  cones, 
in  the  specimens  sent  home  '•"■  ^.'•Siimumtit.i.r.ati'm^ 


LXXTII.   CONl'FERS:    PI^HUS. 


dd4  AllBORETUH    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANMICUM. 

by  Douglas,   9  b.   long,    and 

IJin.  broad   (see ^.  183B.)- 

Seeds  (a  in  ^.  1838.,  and  b 

inj^.  1835.)  abo?e  1  in.  Ions, 

and  nearly  i  in.  broad,  mucn 

larger  than  thaw  of  P.  CoiiU 

teri  Khown  at  a  in  JSg.  1S35.  j 

wing  very  short.      Shoots   of 

the  current  year  covered  with 

violet-coloured     bloom,     like 

those  of  P.  tnops,  but  darker. 

Alareetree.  U|ipcr  California. 

Hdgbt   40    to    110  ft.,  rarely 

140  ft.      Introduced  in   1832. 

Plants  have  not-  yet  flowered 

in  England.     Hort.  Soc. 

Douglas  describes  the  \eave» 
as  in  threes,  very  rarely  in  fours ; 
trom  II  in.  to  H  in.  long  ;  sharp, 
round,  and  amoolh  on  the  out- 
side, angular  on  the  inside  ;  ser- 
rated, more  widely  and  conspi- 
cuously su  towards  the  point ; 
erect,  but  flaccid  and  drooping 
during    winter.     Sheath     I)  in. 

long,  light  brown,  chaSy,  some-  m:.  p.  ■.u.u.b. 

times  torn  at  the  top.     Stipules 

lanceolate  and  rigid,  Male  and  female  catkins  erect.  Flowen  appeiriiici 
February  and  March.  Cones  of  a  bright  green  when  young ;  at  the  cod  d^ 
first  season,  measuring  from  6  in.  to  a  in.  round,  and  being  then  of  i  ■» 
rounded  form  than  ihey  are  when  perfect,  in  the  November  of  tbe  foUnK 
year  (see^.  1836.)  ;  when  mature,  ovate,  recurved,  presdl^  on  tbetboV 
tor  support,  in 
clusters  of  from 
3  CO  9,  surround- 

remaining  on  the 

tree  for  a  series 

of    years  ;    and 

from    9  in.    to 

11  in.  long,  and 

from     16  in.    to 

18    m.    round  ; 

some,    however, 

are  larger.  Scales 

spathuiate.  2}  in. 

long,    having    a 

very         strong, 

sharp,    incurved 

point  (see  b  in 
Jig.  1838.)  wiih 

abundance       of 

pellucid      resin. 

Seeds  (see  a  in 
j^.  1838.)  some- 
what oblong,  ta- 
Eering  to  the 
ise  ;  flattisli  oq 

tlie  inside,  1  in. 


Lxxvii.  coni'fek*  :  PiNUS.  985 

lonjE,  and  nearly  J  io.  broad  ;  sbell  thidc,  hard,  brown ;  wing  yellov,  short, 
stiS;  and  half  the  length  of  the  seed,  which  it  nearly  encooipasseB  i  kernel 
pleasant  to  the  taste.  Cotyledons  irom  7  to  12.  The  tree  does  not  attain 
quite  BO  hu^  a  size  as  the  other  gigantic  Epeciee  of  the  genus  which  inhabit 
(he  northern  and  weBtern  parts  ol'  North  Aoterica.  The  largest  and  most 
handsome  trees  inhabit  the  aqueous  r^etable  deposits  on  the  western  flank  of 
[he  Cordilleras  of  New  Albion,  at  a  great  elevation  above  the  level  of  the  sea, 
and  16.00  ft,  below  the  verge  of  perpetual  snow,  in  the  parallel  of  40°  N.  let. 
This  Kpecles  is  quite  hardy  in  British  gardens,  having  parsed  the  winter  of 
183T-(i  uninjured. 
1  8*.  P.  (S.)  Cou'LTEBr  D.  Don.     Coulter's,  or  tie  great  hooted.  Pine, 

Srmattim'i.  7  F.  s^bim^na  Tir.  Hi-rt. :  1  P.  oiac^cirp*  /ahU.  1(S.  Dr.  IJudle)-  llndi,  upon 
mmpuln^Mr  LHmbert'a  ipKlineDi  of  f.  CDbllerrwIEh  ihoM  of  ^- mACTOcirpA.  thlt  the  LdvnutJ 
DTlLe  two  Alleged  tpfCletii  by  no  mnpi  certain  ^  uid  LbjiL  "  In  r«BLItT  tber  UT  protwbiT  dIffbiTDt.** 
<fiw.  Sit:  IMO.  i/.  ».,  No.  133.)  The  iMItmre  In  tbe  CDiiei  nottced  bf  Dr.  Dddlcj  In  the 
puugE  refcrmd  lo  Dlar,  In  wr  opinion,  Mill  without  the  two  klndt  bttaf  ipedBciU;  dlfleml ; 
but,  be  that  M  IE  majr,  having  no  poilllve  ovldruce  beroro  ut  rrom  which  to  decide,  we  deein  It 
better  to  reulo  the  aynonjiDK  u  In  our  0m  pdttlon,  but  pUcln^  before  Iheia  (heexpreHlon  of 
dnuht.     YoungpLuits  were  nlicd  et  Kew  In  IS4(f,  from  leedi  taXen  from  a  cone  wbkch  I*  tuppoied 

from  the  dried  cone  In  the  Horticultural  Sodelr^i  bertdjluin,  uuL  ft§i.  ISaS.  and  tSW.  rrom  the 

jDung  pluitt  In  the  Honlcultutil  Suctetf'i  Guden- 
SfKC.  Char.,  IfC.  Leaves  in  threes,  very  long,  compressed  ;  sheaths 
ra^ed.  Cones  oblong,  solitarv,  very  large  j  scales  wedge-sbapeil, 
with  the  apex  elongaied,  thickened,  lanceolate,  mucronaie,  com- 
pressed, hooked.  (D.Don,)  Buds,  on  the  tree  in  the  Horticul- 
tural Society's  Garden  (see  j^.  1839.),  1  in.  long,  and  from  |in.  j 
to  }  in.  broad ;  conical,  pointed,  convex  on  the  sitles,  imbricated  ;  I 
the  scales  of  the  buds  adpressed,  brown,  and  not  covered  with  J 
resin.  Leaves  of  the  young  plants  9  in.  long,  and  of  the  dried  ] 
specimens  in  the  herbarium  of  the  Horticultural  Society  upwards  i 
of  10  in,  long  i  of  the  same  glaucous  hue  as  (hose  of  P.  Sabin-  , 
tdnii,  but  not  turned  downwards  at  any  stage  of  their  growth. 
Cones  (see  fig.  IS-tl.,  lo  our  usual  scale)  sent  home  by  Douglas  | 
1ft.  in  length,  and  6  in.  in  breadtii ;  scales  of  the  cones  Sin.  ,ug. 
long,  and  Irom  IJin.  to  IJin,  broad.  Scales  (see  ^.  1835, 
c)  from  3^  in.  to  4  in.  long,  and  from  I  Jin.  to  1}  in.  broad  ;  in^.  1841., 
at  Ot  a  front  view  of  the  hook  of 
the  scale  is  given,  of  the  natural 
size.  Seed  (see  j^.  1835.  a)  brown, 
flattisb,  from  J  in.  to  J  in.  in  length, 
and  {  in.  in  breadth,  without  the 
wing  [  with  the  wing  I  in.  in  length : 
wing  stiff,  tight  brown,  and  nearly 
encompassing  the  seed.  Cofyle- 
dons,/.  The  seed  of  P.  Sabiniiina 
is  much  larger,  than  that  of  P. 
Coulter/,  as  shown  at  □  and  b  in  Jig. 
1835.  Shoots  of  the  current  year 
covered  with  a  violet-coloured  glau- 
•ous  bloom,  like  tbone  of  P.  Inops, 
but  darker.  A  large  tree.  Califoruia,  ' 
on  the  mountains  of  Santa  Lucia  in 
lB^  36°,  at  an  elevation  of  300U  h.  to 
4000  ft.  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
Height  80  ft.  to  100  ft.  Introd.  1832. 
It  has  not  yet  flowered  in  England. 
Variefv. 

i  P.  (S.)  C.2  vera.  ~- See  the 

■ynonymei  above.  iiw.  p  ie.ic<«ii->. 


ARBOBBTUH   ET   FBUTICETUM    BRITANN'ICUM. 


Leave*  in  threes,  rartly  in  fours  or  fives,  about  9  in.  long,  incurved,  aooK- 
what  compressed,  mucronste;  S-Fiirroved  above,  liattisb  beneath,  al^thr 
gerraieii  on  the  mnrgiti,  and  on  the  elevated  line  along  the  middle.  Sheadu 
U  In,  long,  Bl)out  the  thickness  of  a  crow-quill,  swelling  at  the  tips.  Sole* 
of  the  htipules  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  cartilaginous,  bright  brown,  slunin^ 
adpressed  ;  mar^n  scarious,  white,  thread-like,  and  torn  ;  with  the  1o*(t 
ones  shorter,  and  keel-«haped.  Stipules  larger,  much  acuminated,  hooded  tf 
the  base,  calloua,  indurated,  and  persistent.  All  the  cones  large,  cooio)- 
oblong,  1  It.  and  more  in  length,  6  in.  in  diameter  near  the  middle,  tod 
weighing  about  4  lb.  Scales  wedge-shaped,  elongated  at  the  apex,  Uncfolit^ 
nmcronate,  compressed  on  both  sides,  obsoletely  quadrangular,  incurved  sad 
hooked,  ver}!  thick,  indurated,  smooth,  shining,  brownish,  acute  at  the  narpa. 
1  in.  to  3  in.  long;  the  lower  ones  longer,  defiexed,  and  spreading.  (Lami.i 
Its  leaves  are  luoader  than  those  of  any  other  pine.  In  its  general  appesruce, 
it  resembles  P.  Sabiniina  ;  but  it  is  rmiih'  distinguished  from  thit  species  by 
the  uprisht  character  of  its  foliase.  Both  species  have  the  buds  of  the  sime 
form  and  colour  ;  the  leaves  of  the  same  beautiful  glaucous  hue  in  every  stacc 
of  their  growth ;  the  young  shoots  covered  with  a  violet  glaucous  blocnn,  liu 
those  of  P.  inops  and  P.  mlU* ;  and  both  retain  their  leaves  till  the  sanma' 
of  the  third  year.     The  colour  and  form  of  the  seeds  in  the  two  kindi  are 


LXXVII.   C0NI'FER£  :    PI'NUS.  987 

exactly  the  nmej  but  the  lai^  cone  baa  the  smaller  seedt.  To  ui  it  ap- 
pears that  the^  are  only  varieites  of  one  special ;  but.  If  they  are  so,  they  are 
as  well  worth  keeping  distinct  as  any  species  whateier.  They  may,  indeed, 
be  described  as  of  surpassing  beauty  j  and,  what  adds  greatly  to  (heir  value, 
tbey  appear  to  be  quite  hardy. 

I  2i,  P.  austha'lis  Mithi.    The  southern  I^ne. 

/dnUMcoBbiL    Mlcbi.  Arh  .  1.  p.  62.  :  N.  Amcr.  St)..  3.  p.  1S3.!  Pcsht  Cr.,  ml.  It. 
Sfmvmrt.    P.  pildilrli  h'iM.  Sp.  PI.  i.  i.tOO.,  Pun*  irpl.  1  p.  Mt-.  Ijnot.  Pm.  sd.  3.  I.  t.  M, 
u.  i  P.  tmtrieint  pMl^utli.  *t..  Bon.  Aogt.  p.  tli..pM  fimn.  Arb.  1.  p.  IW. ;  P.  ktAOiv,  Hurl.. 


sx 


Dropmorc  ipedmeDi- 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves 
in  threes,  very  long. 
Male  catkins  long,  cy- 
lindrical, of  a  tawny 
blue,  divergent.  Cones 
very  long,  tessellated 
with  tumid  tubercles, 
terminated     by     verj- 

Buds,  in  the  Drop- 
more  specimen  (see 
Jig.  1848.),  rather 
small  in  proportion  to 
the  terniination  of  the 
shoot,  and   buried   in 


leaves.  When  the 
leaves  are  removed, 
the  bud  is  found  tn  be 
from  I  to  {  in.  long, 
and  from  ^  in.  lo 
-^in.  broad,  with  nu- 
merous, far-pnyecting, 
white,  fringed  scales  ; 
general  form  conicql, 
and  wholly  without 
resin.  Leaves  (seefig. 
1843.)  Irom  Bin.  to  9  in. 
in  length,  t^heath  from 
U  in.  to  2  in.  long. 
white,  membranaceous, 
and  lacerated.  The 
cones,    in    Michaux'i 


988  ARBORETUM    ET   FBUTICETUM   BRtTAMNlCUait. 

figure,  « in.  long,  SDd  SJ  in. 
broad  in  the  wideat  part. 
Scale  (/g.  1S44.)fron)  liin. 
to  1}  in.  long,  and  IX  in. 
broad.  Seeds  oval,  from 
i  in.  to  Jin.  in  length,  ^in. 


broad,   whitish ;  with   the  wing  £{  in. 

and,  e«  well  as  the  cone,  of  a  rich  chestnut  brown  ;  ii 

the  scales   and   seeds  are   much   smaller.      Cotjiedons,  ?.     A  large  u 
in  America,  biil  ruttier  tender  in  England.     North  Carolina  to  Floriil^  of 
the  sea  coast.    Height  6DfL  to  TO  t^.  in  America,  rarely  above  lOftto  liTt 
in  England.     Introduced  in  1730.     The  Ui^t  plant  that  we  know  oFis  d 
Farnham   Castle,  which,  in  1631,  after  being  35  years  planted,  im  iOfi- 

t  P.  a.  2  excilm.  P.  palljstris  exc^lsa  Boolh.  —  Raiaed  in  the  Fkxi- 
beclc  Nurseries,  in  1830,  from  seeds  procured  from  the  Donh-vcu 
coast  of  North  America.  The  plant,  in  183T,  was  4  ft.  high,  wiib 
leaves  as  long  as  those  of  P.  auslrilis ;  and  was  quite  liardv,  etta  Id 
that  climate.     Possibly  a  distinct  speciei. 

1  26.  P.  INSi'ONls  Doug.     The  remarkablp  Rne. 

Unt^iaiim.    Douilu'l  iphIiiicdi  In  Ihc  HDHkniltarBl  SDclrtr'ihFrtiiriuni;  nn.  Willi.,  p- >!• 
Carroniwi.    Fin.  Woto..  I.  IS.;  aat  Jlf.  IMT,  toouruiiul  Kalr.  and  Or.  1S48.  of  tV  n«nl  ttr- 

t!a(b  from  Doatlu'l  IpHlmeni  In  tCt  Haitlmllunl  S^cMr'i  hartHrlun  ;  uidb.  ISK.boall' 

■IdF  ihODt  of  (  Tooni  tn*  In  Itai  HdtiIcuIIduI  SoclMj'l  Girdni. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  three,  and  occasionally  four,  in  a  sheath ;  jouci 
twisted,  varying  greatly  in  length,  longer  than  ihc  cones,  of  a  deep|n>J 
green,  and  very  numerous.  Cones  ovate,  pointed,  with  the  scala  lubtf- 
culate.  Buds  (seej^s.  IB46.)  of  the  side  shoots  of  young  phmis  {rom  J 
^in.  to  }in.  long,  and  from  ^  in.  to  fin.  broad,  brown,  aod  appareodj  I 
without  resin  ;  on  the  leading  shoots  a  great  deal  liu|eT,  and  resent-  I 
bling  in  form,  and  almost  in  size,  those  of  P.  Sabinidnn.  I..e«ves.in  I 
Douglas's  specimen,  from  3 in.  to  4jin.  long;  on  the  plant  ia  tbe  1 
Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  from  5  in.  to  7  in.  long.  A  lain  tree.  * 
California.  Introduced  in  1833,  and  requiring  protection  io  Smith  a*- 
gardens,  at  least  when  young. 

This  pine  is  well  named  inslenis ;  its  general  appearance  being  indeed 
remarkable,  and  totally  diSerent  from  that  of  every  otW  speciei  that  hH  x» 
been  introduced.    The  leaves  are  of  a  deep  grus  green,  thickly  set  on  die 


Lxxvii.  conifers:  nsvs. 


branches,  twisted  in  e»ery 
direction,  and  of  diflerenc 
lengtti*.  The  plants  in  the 
Horticultural  Society's  Gar- 
den, sod  in  most  other  places. 


were  killed  by  the  winter  of 
1B37-8;  but  one  plant  at 
Blvaston  Castle  stood  that 
winter     without     protection. 

Thia  has  also  been  the  case  „„   ,  1,,^^". 

with  some  plants  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  London. 

1  87.  P.  c4LIForma'na  ioii.     The  Cnliforninn  Pine. 
linUiflcaHm.    LoliElmr  Dnlnnnliiiirpa,  In  Ihn  N.  thi  Him.,  9.  i>.  M3. 
Suvm^ma.    P,  monlerFj^Diu  Oinefnt  i  P.  uUnci  .Sole,  ■■  qiMlwl  ta  An  Jard. ;  Pin  dD  Mon- 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  in  twos  and  threes.  Cones  much  longer  than  the 
leaves,  (Loii.)  This  (ree  grows  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Monte-Key,  in 
California.  Its  cone  is  in  the  form  of  that  of  P.  finaster,  but  one  third 
larger  in  all  its  oarls.  Under  each  of  the  sealea  are  found  two  seeds  of  the 
size  of  those  of  P.  Cembra.  and  of  which  the  kernel  is  good  to  eat.  A 
plant  of  this  pine  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  named  there  P. 
montherag^nsis,  which  was  received  from  M.  Godelroy  Hbout  IB29,  formed 
a  stunted  bush,  3  ft.  high,  and  4  or  5  feet  brond,  but  it  died  in  the  winter 
of  1837-8.     A  verj-  doubtful  species. 

1  28.  P.  hurica'ta  O.  Doa.     The  imaiier  prickly-conrf  Pine. 

Idewltflcamm.    Lin.Trun,.17.p.4«,i  LKnb.Plii..a.t.M. 

JEn«r«^>.    Lmmb.flVia  t.M.;  ■ndourjfe.lMgi 

Spec.  Char..  S;c.  ?  Leaves  in  threes.  Cones  ovate,  with  unequal  sides,  crowd- 
ed ;  scales  wedge-shaped,  flattened  ac  the  apex,  mucronale;  those  at  the 


990 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


external  base  elongated,  compressed,  recurved,  and  spreading.  (D.  Dor.) 
Cones,  in  Lambert'H  figure,  2  in.  long,  and  3  in.  broad.  A  straight  middle- 
sized  tree,  about  40  ft.  high.  Ca- 
lifornia, at  San  Luis,  where  it  is 
called  Obispo  (the  bishop),  grow- 
ing at  the  height  of  3000  ft.  above 
the  level  of  the  sea. 


18  PJ.    P.  murlelkU. 


l&Sa  P-  tubercoi^ta. 


i  29.  P,  TUBERCULAR  A  D.  Don,    The  tuberculated  Pine. 

TdtnttJIeation.    Lin.  Tram.,  17.  p.  442. ;  Lamb.  Pin.,  3. 
Engravings.    Lamb.  Pin.,  8.  t.  85. ;  and  owrfy.  ISW. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c,  ?  Leaves  in  threes.  Cones  oblong,  with  unequal  sida 
crowded.  Scales  quadrangular,  and  truncate  at  the  apex,  with  a  depressni 
umbilicus ;  those  at  the  exterior  base  larger,  elevated,  and  conical.  C^- 
Don.)  A  tree,  about  100  ft.  high.  California,  at  Monte-Key,  on  the  sea 
shore.  Found  by  Dr.  Coulter,  along  with  P,  radiata,  which  it  resembles 
in  size  and  habit,  but  is  essentially  distinguished,  by  the  form  of  its  cono. 
which  are  oblong,  3  in  a  cluster,  of  a  tawny  grey,  4  in.  long,  and  ^  in- 
broad. 

f.  30.  P.  radiaVa  jD.  Don.     The  radiated^cnM  Pine. 

Ideniification.    Lla  Trani.,  17.  p.  442. ;  L«mb.  nn.,  3. 
Engravings.    Lamb.  Fin.,  3.  t.  86. ;  and  our  fig.  ]%&l. 

Spec.  Char.,  (Jr.  ?  Leaves  in  threes.  Cones  ovate,  with  unequal  aides.  Scales 
radiately  cleft,  truncate,  with  a  depressed  umbilicus ;   gibbous,  tomewltft 


LXXYii.  coni'ferje:  pi^nus. 


991 


18.51.    P  ndiku. 


recurved,  and  three  times  as  large  at  their  external  base.  Cones,  in  Lam- 
bert's figure,  5}  in.  long,  and  3^  in.  broad.  An  erect  tree,  attaining  the 
height  of  about  100  ft.,  with  copious  spreading  branches,  reaching  almost 
to  the  ground.  Monte-Rey,  in  lat.  36°,  near  the  level  of  the  sea,  and 
growing  almost  close  to  the  beach.  Cones  in  clusters,  ovate,  about  6  in. 
long,  ventricose  at  the  external  base.  Scales  wedge-shaped,  thick,  bright 
brown,  shining,  dilated  at  the  apex,  depressed,  quadrangular,  radiatelv  cleft  ; 
umbilicus  depressed  ;  three  times  larger  at  the extemalbase ;  apex  elevated, 
gibbous,  somewhat  recurved. 

B.  KftUioes  of  Mexico, 

f  31.  P.  TsocOTE  Schiede  et  Deppe.     The  Teocote,  or  tivitied-ieaved.  Pine. 

Identification,    Schiede  et  Deppe  In  Schlecht.  Liniuea,  6.  p.  76. :  Penny  Cyc,  toI.  18. 
Synonjfmet.    Teocote  and  Ocote  qfthe  Mexicans. 

Engraving.     Our  Jigs.  1852,  IHKt,  1854.  from  gpecimcns  tent  from  Mexico  to  the  Horticultural 
Society  by  M.  Hartweg,  in  1839. 

Spec,  Char,,  4*^*  Leaves  in  threes,  compressed,  flexuose,  scabrous ;  sheaths 
about  ^  in.  long.  Cones  ovate,  smoothish,  about  the  size  of  those  of 
P.  sylvestris,  but  with  the  tips  of  the  scales  flatter.  A  tree.  Orizaba, 
in  Mexico.  Height  40  ft.  to  50  ft.  ;  according  to  Lindley,  in  Penny  Ct/c, 
100  ft.  Introduced  in  1839.  Cones  were  distributed  by  the  Horticultural 
Society,  from  the  seeds  in  which  many  plants  have  been  raised ;  but  their 
degree  of  hardiness  is  not  yet  ascertained. 


992  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

The  figure  of  the  cooe  of  P.  T™ci5/?,  in  Ari. 
Bnl.,  Isi  edit,  p.  2866.,  does  not  exacily  agree 
with  the  fones  eent  home   by   Hartweg,   and 
therefore  we  have  omitted  it 
in  this  abridgement. 

Branchlets  very  leafy,  with 
11  persistent  epidermis.  Buds 
imbricated,  with  lanceolate, 
acuminata  ciltate,  and  torn 
scales.  Leaves  in  threes, 
erect,      rigid,      compresiieil, 


ty 


acute,  tortuous  ;  light  ^een, 
bicanaliculate  above,  slightly 
convex  beneath,  very  smooth; 
the  intenuniiate  slightly  pro- 
minent angle,  and  th^  mar- 
gins, crenulated,  scabrous. 
Sheaths  cylindrical,  about 
I  in.  in  length,  persistent, 
torn  on  the  margin.     Cones 

ovate-oblong,  drooping,  and  _ 

smoothish,     scarcely     3  in.  ,,j,.  r.  tbcw  isu. 

long.     Scales  dilated  at  the 

apex,  somewhat  trapezoidal,  much  depressed;  in  the  young  cone*  tlnc! 
muiic.  (Larni.)  This,  till  lately,  was  a  very  rare  specie* ;  there  hnvii^  brcv 
no  plants  of  it  either  at  Dropmore  or  in  the  Horticultural  Bocieiy's  Gankn 
Indeed,  so  far  as  we  are  aware,  it  existed  in  no  collection  in  Britain.  b«i 
that  of  Mr.  Lambert  at  Boytoo,  till  1S40. 

1  32.  P.  pa'tuu  Scliicde  el  Ueppe  MSS.     The  spreading-Jntnil  Pise. 

IHm^cuHirn.    Limb.  Pin.,  hL  1.,  t.  19  1  PninTCyi.,vi)l.lS, 

Et^rieii^i.    Lur.Il.  Pin.,  cd.  i,  I.  I.  it.  ;  and  j^i.  ISSt.  and  ISM.,  from  JSr.  Lunbcrt't  Cfm, 

Spec.  C/:ar.,ii  Leaves  in  threes,  very  slender,  2-diannelcd,  spreading;  sbracb 
about  1  in.  long.  Cones  ovate-oblong,  polished.  BrsnchU-ls  covered  "ith 
a  smooth,  lead- coloured,  and  persistent  cpidermi*.  Scales  of  the  bod 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  carinate,  ri^d,  thread-like,  and  ciliate.  Leave*  in 
threes,  slender,  recurved  and  spreading;  soft,  hght  grceu  ;  deeply  bicuU' 
licubtc  above,  convex  beneath,  marked  with  many  dotted  lines ;  6  in.  n> 
9  in.  long  ;  the  intermediate  somewhat  prominent  angle,  and  the  maniiD*. 
sharply  serrated,  scabrous.  Sheoths  cylindrical,  J  in.  to  Ijio.  long,  ipei 
and  margin  of  the  scales  tliread-like  and  ciliated.     Cone*  ovate-ablDn: 


LXXVII.   CONI  FER£  :   PI  H 


smooth,  about  4  in.  long.  Scales 
dilated' Bt  the  apex,  much  de- 
pressed, flattith,  ftomewhet  tra- 
pezmdal ;  in  the  young  cone, 
mucroDulace.  (Lamb.')  A  tree. 
Mexico,  Bt  Malgiayo  de  la  Joya, 
in  the  cold  region.  Height  60  h. 
to  70  ft.  Introduced  in  ?  1880, 
and  neain  by  llartweg  in  1839, 
in  which  year  conea  were  distri. 
buted  extensively  by  the  Horti- 
cultural Society. 


Variel". 

f  P.  p.  2jBtti  tlrktii  Benth. 
PJant.  Hart.  No.  442., 
Gard.  Mag.  1840,  p.  638. 
—  Cones  smaller  than 
those  of  the  species,  and 

the     leaves     Htrughter.  uk.  p-pUdu. 

Found  by  Hartwts  neai 

Real  del  Monte.     Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 
t  33.  P.  Llave^'.v^  Scbiede.    La  Llave's  Pioe. 


Spec.  Char.,  i^v.  Leaves  short,  narrow,  triquetrous,  slightly  twisted,  in  thickly 
set  tufts  on  the  branches,  of  aglaucous  green.  Branches  in  regular  whorls, 
amooth,  of  an  ash  grey,  declining  towards  the  stem.  Buds  exceedinilj 
small;  in  form,  and  in  every  oUier  respect,  like  those  of  Pinus  h^e- 
-'--'-;  the  buds  are  scarcely  ^in.  long,  and  from  -^'\a.  to^in.  broad; 


.  dth  t' 
three  smaller 
buds.  (See^. 
1857.)  Leaves 
generally  in 
threes,  often  in  . 

times  in  fours, 
varying  from 
!J.n.  to  2  J  in, 
in  length ;  flat 
on    the    upper 


f 


AKBOItETlTH    ET    FRUTICETUM   BHITANNICITM. 


about  6  or  7  lines  long,  and  ,ua.  r  i-i"^  i 

about  i  lines  thick  at  the 

i^per  end,  but  diminitbing  in  size  towards  the  loirer  extreniity,  -MA  b 
obtuse.  (ScUerhl.  in  Ltnnaa,  1.  c.)  A  low  tree.  Mexico,  betweeo  ZiiD^« 
and  Real  del  Oro,  in  forests ;  and  also  occasionally  cultirated  in  gvdM 
for  the  Eceda,  as  the  stone  pine  is  in  Italy,  and  the  neo»  pine  in  ^ 
Himalayas.  Height  80fi.  to  30fL  Introduced  in  1B30,  and  quite  bai; 
in  British  gardens. 

The  seeds  are  edible,  and  Tery  well  tasted  ;  and  they  m«  Mild  in  Heun 
under  the  name  of  Pinonea,  as  those  of  the  stone  pine  are  in  Italy  undo'  te 
name  of  Pinocchi.  The  young  tree  is  of  a  very  sineular  and  beautifiil  tbM^ 
ter,  and  will  doubtless  soon  find  a  place  in  every  collection. 

C.   Nativei  of  the  Caaariet,  India,  Feraa,  CUm,  tmd  AtatroBa. 

t  34'.  P.  canarib'nsis  C.  SmUh.     The  Canary  Pine. 

SmitOHUme-    i  P-  mdbnu  BwCj  ucordlDS  to  Spreo^l. 

A^rmfnt'-    OfT.  PI.  mr.  Jirt.  Cm..  1.  L  1, 1  (  Lmb.  Plo,  ed.  1.,  1.  t.  H.  i  our  A-  IMt-  B 
our  UUEl  mle  :  unilAf-  IKI.  ta  ItlO.  attbt  utuul  Ills. 

spec.  Char.,  <j-c.     Leaves  in  threes,  very  long  and  ^treading,  roogh.  < 
Crest  of  the  anthers  roimd,  entire.     Cones  oblong,  tubemilate.   ' 
(Lamb.   Pin.)     Buds,  in  the  Dropmore  speciroen  (i>ee^.  1861.),    ' 
from  ^  in.  to  }  in.  long,  and  from  -^  in.  to  -j^  in.  broad  ;  dry  and 
BCaly,  white,  and  without   resin,      Leaves  (see  J!g.  1668.)  from 
7  in.  to  T^  in.  long,  and  slender ;  sheaths  from  ^  in.  to  {  in.  long, 
whitiGh,  membrdneauB,  torn  at  the  margin,  and  broimitn  at  the 
base.    Cone,  iu  Lambert's  figure,  S} in.  long,  and  Slia.  broad: 
scale  2in.  long,  end  l^in.  br^d,  terminating  in  an  irregular  pTra- 
midal  process,  at  the  apex  of  which  is  a  blunt  point,  like  that  tri  P. 
Piaittei.      Scales  (see  _fig.  1863.)  8  in.  lon^  and   I^  in.  broad. 


LXXVII.   CONl'FBBiE:    Pl^VB. 


Seeds 


whitisli  brown.     Cotyledons,? 

out  abundance  of  shoots  and  tufts  of  leaves  from 

the  dormant  buds  in  the  trunk  and  latter  branches, 

more  especially  at  places  where  any  branches  have 

been  cut  o91     A  large  tree.     Tenerifie  and  Grand 

Cannry,  at  5000ft.  to  7000  ft.  of  elevation.    Height  , 

60  ft,  to  TOft.      Introduced  '(  1759,  and  requiring  I 

protection  In  British  Gardens,  I 

This  species,  P,  longifolia,  and  P.  leioph^lla  bear  ) 

a  close  general  resemblance,  and  are  all  rather  tender ; 

but,  when  the  leaves  and  buds  are  examined  closely, 

their  specific  difference  becomes  obvious.     They  arc 

all  readily  propagated  by  cuttings  of  the  young  snoots 

which  are  thrown  out  by  the  trunks,  planted  in  sand, 

and  covered  vith  a  hand-glass,  but  without  bottom 

heat.    They  all  require  protection,  even  in  our  mildest 

winters,  and  should  be  placed  in  a  conservatory  devoted 

entirely  to  half-hardy  Ablctina:.     Lambert  states  that 

this  ■pecies  differs  from  /'.  longifolia  chiefly  in  the 

3s  2 


996  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETL'M    BaiTANNlCtM, 

much  more  d^ressed  and 
Btraigh  tainted  tubercles 'of 
its  cones;  thoae  of  P.  lond- 
ntlia  being  hooked.  The 
largent  specimen  of  this  pine 
tliBt  we  know  of  is  at  Drop- 
more;  where,  after  having 
been  14  tears  planted,  it 
■was,  in  1837,  17  ft.  high.  It 
is  protecied  duiing  winter  in 
the  same  manner  as  P.  longi- 
folia  and  P.  Ifiophylla.  A 
plant  in  the  Trinity  College 
Botanic  Garden.  Dublin, 
raised  there  about  1815,  from 
seeds  collected  at  TenerifTe, 
b^thelateDr.  Smith  of  Chris- 
tiania,  attained  the  height  of 
15  ft.  without  an}'  protec- 
tion, and  remained  uninjured 
till  the  severe  spring  of  I831t, 
when  the  top  was  completely 
destroyed.    In  the  early  part 

of  the  summer  of  that  year,  ,ici,  r.i^mtn^ 

however,  the  trunk  threw  out 

two  or  three  shoots,  a  few  inches  above  the  collar,  and,  the  dead  port  iboR 
it  being  cut  off,  these  shoots  have  grown  vigorously  ever  since  ;  and  <w 
of  them,  having  taking  the  lead,  promises  to  make  a  handsome  planL 
f  35.  P.  LoNQIPo^LiA  Rojrb.     The  long4eaved  Indian  I^ne. 

-■       ■"      ■         -™b.Fto,ed.I.,l.l.M.S7.i  Sovl«Uli>B.,p,iS3. 

id  Jif.  IMS.  to  lacS.  of  iha  natuni  tlif,  ham  Rofia  ud  Lusl»t,  asd  bat  Dn|Hfi 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  in  threes,  very  long  and  slender,  pendulous ;  sboib 
long.     Cones  ovate-oblong.     Scales  elevated  at  the  apc\.  lerj'  thicL  "■ 
curved.    (Lamb.   Pin.) 
Buds,  in  the  Dropmore 
specimens      (see     ^g. 
1805.J,  from  1  in.    lo 


14  in.  long,  and  nearly 
J  in.  broad ;  covered 
with  dry  scales  at  lln- 
lower  part,  and  abor- 
tive leaves ;  swelling 
towards  the  upper  parr. 


id  concavely  acuminate ;  white,  woolly,  and  entirely  without  resin.    La"* 
<see/g.  ie68.>  1  ft.  in  length  ;  8hcatha|in.  long,  white,  chtffy,  and  km- 


Lxxvii.  coni'fers:  pi'nus. 


rated.  Cone  (see  fig.  1808.)  from 
Sin.  to  5iin.  long,  and  S^in.  to  , 
S}  in.  bnwd  ;  scale,  acconling  to  1 
Mr.  Lembrafi  plate  (we  &.  1867.), 
from  l^in.  to  Sin.  in  length.  Seed, 
without  the  wing,  iin.  long;  with 
the  wing,  Itin.  Cotj-ledons,  ac- 
cording to  Lawson,  about  12.  A 
large  tree.  Himalajas.  Introduced 
in  1607,  and  requiring  protection 
in  England. 

P.  longifolia  is  a  native  of  Nepal, 
on  the  mountains  ;  and  also  of  the 
lower  and  wanner  parts  of  India, 
where  the  tree  ia  cultivated  on  ac- 
count of  its  beautiful  foliage  and 
graceful  habit  of  growth,  but  where  it 
never  attains  the  same  magnitude  as 
""  """e  Himahjran  Mountains.    ' 


introduced  into  Br 
house  plant ;  it  is  now 
found  to  stand  the  open 
air,  but  not  without 
protection  during  win- 
ter. The  largest  tree 
in  England  is  believed 
to  be  that  at  Drop- 
-  more.  It  was,  in  1937, 
nearly  12ft.  high  ;  but 
it  Is  covered  every  win- 
ter with  a  portable  roof 
of    fern,     enclosed    In 


sides   being   closed    in 

rials,  but  with  two 
doors  (^posite  each 
other,  to  0|>eo  on  fine 
days,  to  promote  ven- 
tilation. Mr.  Lawson 
su^eats  that  the  ten- 
derness which  is  appa- 
rent in  some  individuals 
of  this  species  may 
possibtj'  arise  from  the 
seed  from  which  they 
were  i-aised  having  been 
produced  by  trees  grow- 
ing in  the  warm  valleys 
ol  Nepal  ;  iind  that, 
"  by  procuring  seed 
from  trees  at  the  high- 
est elevation  at  which 
they  are  found  to  exist, 
plants  might  be  raised 
sufficiently  hardy  to 
stand    the    climate   of 


1  ISOI,  and  for  u  long  time  was  treated  as  a  green. 


998  ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETUM    BHlTANXlCUM. 

1   36.  P.  Q^RkKDlA^SA  Wall.      Gerurd'K,  or  ilic  skorUeatvd  Nepal,  Ph^ 
IdtnliflcaUon.    Lamb.  Kb.,  ad.  S.,  1. 1.  TS.  j  Rcnlc  llliut.,  p.  3M.  i  Pin.  Wob,  p.  9~ 
Symm^ma.    />.  .Wum  Gonn  iMUiblc.K«ltd  Plnci^lAf  £aM  Jwll.'i,-  ^Ctalif&Oi 
Iht  mUwrlty  of  flo^  /«wl.  p-  W  ;  th»  N«m  Ptw.  Pmity  Cjic  ,  vol.  m 


'.,  i$'f .  Le.ives  in  threes,  »liort ;  shouhs 
us.  Cones  uvHte-oblong ;  scaler  tfaiii, 
nd  recurved  nt  the  a|>ex.  (Lami.  Pia.) 
in  Royle's  figure,  from  3^  in.  to  3  m. 
b  ;  ehcaihs  imbricate,  f  in.  in  la^fii. 


Cane  8  in.  long,  and  nearly  £  in.  broad.  Seed  { in.  long,  and  { in.  txnad ; 
cylindriciil,  pointed  at  both  ends,  and  of  a  dark  bronn ;  eatable,  like  tbne 
of  thestonepine.  Wingsshort.  A  middle-sized  tree.  Nep>d,  onlbeODnlKni 
face  of  the  Himalayas,  at  from  5,000  ft.  to  lO.CKH)  ft.  of  <.-levatk>o.  Hdjht 
30  ft.  to  50li.    Introduced  ?  1830.     Apparently  tender  in  British  Gardcos. 


LXXVII.    CONl'tER*  :    PINUS.  999 

Nothing  is  Raid  respecting  the  timber  of  this  tree ; 
but  the  s^s  are  eaten  by  the  inhabitants  of  the  lower 
parts  of  Imtia,  in  the  acuthem  couutriee.  This  spedes 
was  ducoTered  by  Captain  P.  Gerard,  of  the  Bengal 
Nau?e  Infantry;  end  ntuned  In  commemoration  of  bun 
by  Dr.  Wallicn.  Cones  have  been  sent  to  England,  by  ^ 
Dr.  Wallich  and  others,  at  different  times  ;  thouRh  ihey 
are  often  confounded  with  those  of  P.  tongifblia.  The 
plant  named  P.  Gerardtona  in  the  Horticultural  Society's 
Garden  has  persistent  sheaths,  and  long  slender  leaves; 
and  is,  duubtless  P.  longilolia ;  and  uie  same  maybe 
said  of  a  number  of  plants  at  Messrs.  Loddigea's.  There 
are  plants  of  the  true  P.  Uerardionii  in  the  CleptOD 
Nurtiery,  under  its  synonyme  of  P.  Neota. 

i  37.  P.  sime'nsis  Lami.    The  Chinese  Pine. 
Utnttfiialtim.    Limb.  Pin.,  cd.  1.,  I,  t. ». ;  Pin.  Wob.,  p.  39, 
Svn^M.   P.rKtsiyaKBj\t.tBtlly*aCA^.   Srr.  llari.  itag.,  HUD, 
p.  8.  y.  nettiiailt  riot.  Wei. :  P.CttanUMhiina  Hon. 

LuBben,  Md  tde  bud  (Vcpm  BedlBtf.  '  ""■    '■ '^""^'^"^ 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  in  threes,  rarely  in  twos,  very  slender. 
Mule  catkins  short.  Cones  ovate  ;  scales  truncate  at  the  apex, 
without  any  point.  Branches  tubercled.  Leaves  squarrose,  with 
stipidar  sndes ;  twin,  or  in  threes,  slender,  spreading,  Bemicylin- 
dncal,  mucronated,  serrulated;  erass  green,  5 in.  long;  sheaths 
cylindrical,  ^In.  long.  Male  catsins  numerous,  somewhat  verti- 
cillate,  ^  in.  long.  Cones  with  very  short  footstalks,  ovate, 
brownish,  3  in.  long.  Scales  thick,  woody,  tetragonal  ut  the  apex, 
flattened,  truncate,  mutic.  (Lami.)  Buds  (see  fig.  1872.),  in  the 
Redleaf  epecimen,  from  -^'"i.  to  •fy'w.  in  length,  and  about  the 
same  breadth  ;  bluntly  pointed,  with  numerous  fine  Eculea  of  a 
-  brownish  colour,  and  wholly  without  resin.    Leaves  from  5  in.  to 

6}  in.  in  length;  three^iJeJ,  slender,  straight,  and  about  the  same 
colour  as  those  of  P.  /^nea.    She-"*"- 
from  J  in.  to  }  in.  long ;    browi 
slightly  memtiranaceoua,  and  rigid 
'"'■"-''—  ''''lina.  lotrod.l 
nd  requiring 
England  in  \ 


1000  ARBORETUM    £T   FRUTICETUM    BEITANMICUH. 

A  tree  at  Redleaf,  raised  b;  W.  Wells,  Etq.,  from  seeds  recdred  from  Chin 
in  18S9,  WBi  16  ft.  high  in  I83T,  but  whs  killed  b;  the  vinter  oC  1837-6. 
1  39.  P.  timorib'nsis.     The  Hmor  Rne. 

A  tree  at  Boyton,  which,  in  IB3T,  was  16  (I.  high,  after  being  25  jvan 
planted,  was  raised  from  seed  received  by  Mr.  Lambert  from  "nmor,  on*  of 
the  Molucca  Islands.  It  bears  a  close  general  resemblance  in  the  Toliwe  aid 
habit  to  P.  longif&lia  ;  but  the  leaves  (of  which  there  are  three  in  b  sEeatfaJ 
are  rather  more  slender,  and  of  a  deeper  green. 

f  iii>     Quina,  ■ — ■  Leave*  5,  rarely  i,  in  a  Sheath, 

A.    Cones  with  the  Scales  thickened  at  the  Apex. 

a.  NiUivet  of  Mencc. 

t  39.  P.  HiRTWB'o//  Lindl.     Hartweg's  Pine, 


Lxzvii,  cohi'ferx:  PI^NUB. 


^i.lSH.'mDd  IIJB.  (ttm  •p«l- 

^  H«rtwBg. 

Spec.  Char.,  $c.  Leaves  in  foura; 
secondary  narrowest,  primary  mem- 
branaceous, elongate,  scarious. 
Cones  pendulouB,  oblong,  obtuse, 
aggregate.  Scales  tranarerse  at 
apex,  depressed  in  middle,  umbo* 
Date,  aod  carinate  ;  umbo  straight 
androunded.  Seeds  roundish, wedge- 
ahaped,  four  times  shorter  than  the 
tesuceous  wine.  (Lmdl.)  A  tree. 
Mexico,  on  the  Campanario,  b^ 
ginning  to  appear  where  the  oyamel, 
or  ^'bies  religifisa,  ceases  to  grow, 
about  9000  ft.  above  the  sea.  Height 
40  ft.  to  50  ft.  Introduced  in  1839, 
bf  cones  sent  home  by  Hartweg, 
from  which  many  plants  have  been 
Aincfi  raised.  iita-  p.  H«nv*i 

The  leaves  are  almost  invariably  in 
fours,  and  are  rather  more  than  6  in.  in  length. 

1  40.  P.  Dryosia^ha  LindL    The  Duke  of  DeTonshin 

UmUflmlim.    U~U.  Id  Bet  R^S-Mj-Cta™.^. N* 96.  i  P-uj  Cr^. »ol- 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  in 
fives,  irery  long.  Branches 
very  thick.  Cones  pendii- 
loua,  solitary,  curved,  ob- 
tuse. Scales  rounded  at 
apex,  rhomboidal  with  a 
slightly  elevated  tnuttverse 
line,  dull  pearly  grey,  ab- 
ruptly mnbonate  in  middle, 
obtuse,  smooth.  Seeds  ob- 
ovate,  five  times  shorter 
than  the  blackish  wing. 
(Lindl.)  A  large  tree. 
Mexico,  on  the  Ocotillo, 
between  Real  del  Monte 
and  Kegla.  Height  60  ft. 
to  80  ft.  Introduced  in 
1639,  by  cones  sent  home 
by  Hartweg,  from  which 
numerous  phnts  have  been 
rince  raised. 

The  cones  are  from  Sin. 
to  10  in.  long,  curved,  about 
3  in.  in  diameter  near  the 
base,  and  taperine  till  they 
lire  not  more  than  1}  in. 
broad  at  the  point.  The 
leaves  are  between  Bb.  and 
9  in.  in  length,  wiih  sheaths 
of  nearly  1  b,  in  length.    The  im.  f.  iw™u». 


LXXVII.    CONt'PERX:    Pi'nUS. 


young  shoots  are  Terr 
nearly  1  in.  in  diameter,  luH 
look  very  like  those  of  ri- 
nus  psluHtrii.     Tliis  noble 

ries  of  pine,  worthy  of 
princely  patron  of  gar- 
dening in  honour  of  whom 
it  it  named,  it  is  thought 
will  probably  prove  hardy 
in  fintish  gardens. 

I  41.  P.  RvssKLhlA'HJ. 
Lindl.  Russell's,  or  lie 
Dake  ofBedprSi,  Pine. 


tc.  Char.,  4^.  Leaves 
ia  Gvea,  very  long.  Cooes 
elongate,  horizontal, 
■lightly  drooping,  verti- 
ciUate,  straightish,  sessile. 
Scales  rhomboidal  at  the 
apex,  py  ra  m  idal,  straight, 
obtuse.  Seeds  oblong, 
four  times  shorter  than 
their  blackish  wing. 
(Lindl.')  A  laige  tree. 
Mexico,  on  the  road 
from  San  Pedro  to  San 
Pablo,  near  Real  del 
Monte.  Height,  ?.  In- 
troduced in  1839,  by 
cones  sent  to  the  Hor- 
ticultural Society  of 
London  by  Hartweg, 
which  have  been  exten- 
sively distributed,  and 
from  which  many  plants 
have  been  raised. 

The  cones  are  about 
7  in.  long,  1 }  in.  broad  at 
the  base,  and  they  termi- 
nate in  a  point ;  the  scales 
are  a  little  elevated,  so  as 
to  form  a  ehibU  pyramid, 
with  a  somewhat  promi- 
nent  apex.  The  leaves  arc 
7^  in.  in  lensth,  with  itheacha 
of  upwards  of  1  in.  in 
length.  A  very  noble  spe- 
cies, worthy  of  the  house 
of  Uusaell,  and  of  comme- 
raorating  the  pubUcation 
of   the    i>nrfu»    Wobwii- 


ARBORETUM   £T    FRUTICETUH   BRITANNICUH. 


X  til.  P,  MoMTEXU'uA  Lamb.     Montezuma'B,  or  the  rougk-trm^ 
Mexican,  Pine. 
Uaillptaliim.    Lamb.  Pin..  I.t.  tg.;  Piony  Cn.,T0l.l8. 
* •-— 'lUK««*lnfl«.ift.i(KiiJ..W«.G».w5|..«.».PL*..  Dt^iaUidl 


Spec.  Char^  Sfc.     Leaves  in  fivet,  erect,  triquetrous;  Eheatbi  about  1  in-loi^ 
persistent.     Cones  oblons,  about  9in.  long,  tuberculate.  {Lamb.  Pi*.)  A 
tall  tree.   Orizaba,  and  ouier  mountains  of  Meuco,  to  tiie  heigbt  of  UOOl 
Vaneti/. 

t  P.  M.  3  Lindlh/i  {J^.  1S88.  and 

1883.,     from     specimens    sent 

home  by  Hart  weg.) — Cones  wi  th 

the    scales    flattened,   or    very 

shghcly  tubcrculated  at  the  tip. 

Found  on  the  road  to  Snmate, 

where  it  grows  from  40  ft,  to 

50  ft.  high.      The  conen  of  P. 

Monteziiinis,  which   were    dis- 
tributed   by   the   Horticultural 

Society  in  IB39,  differ  so  much  ^ 

from   those   of  this  species  in  '/  ^ 

Mr.  Lambert's  possession,  and  -^ 

also    from    cones     sent     from 

Mexico  to  Mr.  Henchman,  that 

we  hove  thought  it  advisable  to 

keep  them  distinct.     The  cones 

in  Mr.  Lambert's  possession  are 

much  luberculatml,  as  are  also 

thoseof  Mr.  Henchman  j  while 

those  distributed  hy  the  Hor-  '"■  ^■««-«i»»U'*«>' 

ticultural  Society  have  the  tips  of  the  scales  almost  flM ;  sad  dw 

fore  we  have  thought  it  advisable  to  mark  the  Hortlrullural  Soeitfy^ 

plant  as  a  variety,  till  something  more  b  known  respecting  it. 
A  tall  tree.   Branchlets  covered  with  thick  scabrous  bark.   Leaves  gow»lh 
m  fives,  rarely  in  threes  or  fours ;  stipular,  persistent,  lanceolate  much  poii«4 


LXZTII.   C0NI'F£BJE  :   PrNyS. 


wi^  nlLated  and  torn 
scales  ;  erect,  waved, 
somewhat  rigid,  tri- 
quetrous, callous,  and 
mucronate  ;  glaucous 
green,  marked  with 
many  parallel  dotted 
lines  i  slightly  bica- 
neiicutate  above^  and 
flattish  beneath  {  6  in. 
long  j  angles  creou- 
lated,  end  scabrous : 
sheaths  I  in.  to  I^io. 
long, persistent :  scale* 

nnd  torn  on  the  mar- 
cin,  bright  brown. 
Male  catkins  cylindri-  \ 
cal,  I  in.  long,  witli  i 
many  imhricated,  oval, 
dliated  scales  at  the 
base.  Ajipendage  to 
the  anthers  roundish. 


membranaceouBon  the 
margin,  torn,  and  ere- 
nulated.  Cunei  ob- 
long, tubercled,  bright 
brown,  thicker  at  the 
base,  a  little  attenu- 
ated towards  the  apex, 
•bout  6  in.  long ;  scales 
elevated  at  the  apex, 
bluntly  tetragonal, 
truncate,  very  thick. 
(Larai.)  Mr.  Lam- 
bert says  :  "  Baron 
Humbofdt  has  re- 
ferred this  species 
to  Pinus  Occident al is 
Smartz;  but  1  have 
ventured  to  separate 
jt,  as  the  size  of  the 
conea,  which  may,  in 
general,  be  relied  on 
as  indicating  a  S[>edGc 
distinction  in  injs  ge- 
nus, differs  ao  mui^." 
Those  described  by 
Swartz  are  only  3  in. 
long,  whereas  those 
of  P.  MonteziiiDie  are 
more  than  double  that 
length.  Whether  thii 
species  will  prove 
quite  hardy  in  British 
garden 


B  aware,  at  present  ascertained.    Soraething 


1006 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


1881.    P.  Maiicaiiim«. 


f  43.  P,  macrophy'lla  Lindl.    The  long-leaved  Pine. 

JdenUficaUcn.    Lindl.  in  Bot.  Reg..  M.  Chron.,  1839,  No.  98l  ;  Fenny  Cyc.,  toL  IS. 
Engravings.    Our^s.  1885, 1886.  from  specimens  sent  home  bj  Hutweg. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  Leaves  in  fives,  very  long.  Cones  straight,  horixontali  ot^ 
elongate,  solitary.  Scales  transverse  at  apex,  rhomboidal,  ronciuate.  ^| 
.sub-rhomboidal,  rugose,  four  times  shorter  than  testaceous  wing.  (^^\ 
A  small  tree.  Mexico,  on  the  Ocotillo,  one  specimen  only  being  foundt  ^ 
small  size.  Height  ?.  Introduced  in  1839  by  cones  sent  home  by  Hartv^ 
from  which  plants  have  been  raised. 

Differs  from  P,  Russelh'a»a  in  the  longer  leaves,  and  shorter  and  sto«^ 
cones,  the  ends  of  the  scales  of  which  are  strongly  hooked  backwards,  p^ 
are  14  or  15  inches  long,  very  robust,  and  resemble  those  of  the  i^M**'* 
The  cones  are  about  €  in.  long,  and  3  in.  broad  at  the  base ;  and  the  scales  are 
hooked  backwards  like  those  of  P,  Coulteri,  and  very  hard.  The  small  fl^ 
of  the  tree,  if  that  should  be  its  general  habit,  and  the  great  length  of  ^ 
leaves,  would  seem  to  render  this  a  very  remarkable  species.  Youn^  pa^» 
have  been  raised,  but  whether  they  will  prove  hardy  is  uncerttiin. 


Lxsvii.  conifers:  pi  NUS. 


im.    i:  atatfbllb. 


arbohetdh  et  vrdticetuh  bkitankicum. 


i;'uo-£tRo'siis  Liadl,     The  False-Strobun,  or  Falte  WrymaA 
Kne. 

_  ndl.  In  Bot  B«.,  M.  Chren.,  ins.  No.  99. 

Snttatlati.    Our.^i.  IMT,  18M.  [inmipedmeDiKDt  bcoebr  Hwtin*. 

Spec.  Char.yStc.  Leaves  in  fives,  very  slender,  glRuce«;eDt.  Cones  oral,  nflt- 
dilate,  horizontal.  Scales  rbomboidal  at  apex,  pyramidBl,  erect,  ttraipfatiA. 
with  a  transverse  elevated  line.  Seeds  oval,  four  or  live  times  shorter  ib« 
the  blackish  wing.  (ZiiuU.)  A  tree.  Mexico,  at  Anganeuco,  SOOOt 
above  the  sea.  Height  ?.  Introduced  in  1 839,  by  cones  sent  Eame  bi'  Hat- 
weg,  from  which  many  plant*  have  been  raised. 
Tho  leaves  are  five,  and  glaucous  like  those  of  the  Weymouth  pine ;  ba 

the  cones  differ  in  being  thicKened  attheapex,  in  the  manner  of  othCTMexicM 

pbes.     The  cones  are  between  4and  Sinches  long,  by  Ijin.  in  diaoietff  a 

the  middle,  pointed  and  curved. 

t  45.  P.  fii.IFo'lia  Lindl.  The  thread-leaved  Pine. 
IdmHHrMnit.  LiDdl.  In  BU.  Ri^i ,  IStO.  M.  R,  Ko.  ISl.  i  Oard.  Hi(..  IS40.  p.  OS. 
Enfrarim/t.    Ouij%i.  ISi9,  ISSO.  In  p.  1019, 1011.  tram  ■ptctaneu  ml  banc  bt  H*r»*t. 

Spec.  Ghar.,  4'c.  Branches  rigid,  thick.  Scales  of  the  bnd  Knew,  vov 
acuminate,  and  with  very  long  cilii.  Leaves  in  Gvea,  very  long  (I  J  ft) 
acutely  triangular  ;  sheaths  long,  smooth,  persistent.  Cones  elongsie,  ob- 
tuse, ?  or  e  inches  in  length ;  scales  with  lozenge-shaped,  depressed.  pp> 
midal  apices,  and  terminating  in  a  callous  obtuse  rnucro.  (Lindl.)  A  uMt 
tree,  with  branches  as  slout  as  those  of  P.  austriilis  or  stouter.  Gualanab. 
on  the  Volcan  del  Fuego.  Introduced  in  1S40  by  the  Horticultural  Skictt. 
H.8. 
The  leaves  of  this  speiuea  are  from  18in.  to  13  or   14  inches  in  leoeib, 

which  is  longer  than  those  of  anjr  other  pine  previously  discovocd-    AImid- 

dance  of  plants  of  it  have  been  raised  ia  the  Honicultural  Soaety's  G>rdr«. 

and  other  places;  but  it  is  to  be  feared  that  they  will  not  prove  hardy  io 

the  climate  of  London. 


LXXVU.    COMl'fER^:   Pl'^SVS. 


LXXVII.    CONI  F 


1  46.  P.  leioprt'lla  Schiede  <t  Deppe  MSS.     The  smootb-leaTed  Pine. 
HcufflcaMni.    I.uib.  nn.,*a.l..l.  Lll.i  Pnnr  Crc.,  lal.lS. 


uncate.  {Lamb.  Pm.)     Bud  cloGcIy  resembling 
s  (fig.  1B6I.  in  p.  994.).    Leave),  in  tbe  Drop- 
mil  Boyton  apedtnenii,  from  5  in.  to  6  in.  in  length,  verj'  slen- 


1012  ARBORETUM   £T   FRUTICETUM    BRITAMNICUM. 

dcr,   and  pendent,  closely 

set  on  the  branches,  end 

forming  large  tu(b  at  the 

estrcmitiei  or  the  shoots. 

The   Etein   and  old   wood 

readily    emit    leaves    and 

■hoots   from     adventitiout 

buda.  A  lari;e  tree,  with  the 

habit  o?P.  Arobus,  but  not 

the  cones  of  that  species. 

Mexico,     between     Crui* 

blanca  and    JalacinfiA    in 

the   cold   region,   7000  ft. 

above    the    sea.       Height 

60  ft.  to  100  ft.  Intro- 
duced ?  1800. 

Cones  were  extensively 
distributed  by  the  Horticul> 
turat  Society  in  J  839.  The 
timber  is  said  to  be  valoable, 
but  to  resist  the  plane.  Mr. 
Lambert  sent  seeds  to  Drop- 
more,  where  there  are  three 
plants  rused  ft'om  them ;  one 
of  which  was,  in  1837,  6  ft. 
high,  and  had  stood  out  six 
years  without  any  protection ; 
and  two  others  13  ft.  and 
14  fl.  high,  which  are  covered 
every  winter  in  the  same 
manner  as  P.  longifolia,  and 
which  have  been  more  in- 
jured than  those  which  were 
left  without  protection.  „^  r  Tirnii^/ni 

1  47.  ;■.  ooca'rpa  Sdaede.     The  Egg-jji^m^-coned  Pine. 


Spec.  Char,,  J^.     Leaves  five  in  a  sheath,  from  8  in.  to  1 1  in.  loi^.     Cnne 


Lxxvii.  coni'febje  :  pi'nus. 


snort,  broad  at  the  base,  and  pointed  at  the  ^— 
tremity.  Scales  at  the  apei  tolerably  elevated  and 
equal>sided,  aad  sometimes  of  an  irre^lar  four- 
coTDCTcd  or  manv-comered  abape ;  elevated  bands 


f.  oBcltpt-  \] 

in  from  the  middle  point  to  the  corners,  so  that  the  whole  anez  of  the  seals 
looks  alightl;  pyraniidal.  Cones  Siia.  to  Uin.  long,  and  Ijin.  toEin. 
broad.  (Schledl.)  A  tree.  Mexico.  Hdgbt  30  ft.  to  40  ft,  Introd.  1839,  and 


rather  tender  in  British  garden 
P.  oorarpiiida  Benth.  — 


1014  ARBOOETUM    ET  FRUTICETITM  BRITANNICDIL 

1  48.  P.  apulce'nsm  Lin^.     The  Apuico  Pim. 

UttUlfitalltm.    Limn,  In  Bat.  Hn  H.  Cliron.,  1S».  No.  100. 
tfnuirmi.    p.  UBiHiJcfoili  a.  Salt  In  Sumri  Hurt.  Brit  ed.  1.  p.  TtB. 
AifnivAv<-    Our  jV>-  1K'9p  IMD.  tnm  iptdmnu  i^nt  hniu  bf  Uutwf. 


Lzxvii.  coni'fers:  itVus.  1015 

JJwc,  Char.,  ije.  Leaves  in  fires, 
lender,  short.  Bninchet  Klaucoua. 
Cones  pendulous,  Terticillate,  ovate, 
flcule.  Scales  rbomboidal,  pjni- 
Diiilal,  straight,  loiiietimeii  prolonged 
and  contracted  in  the  middle.  Seeds 
oval,  four  times  Shorter  than  the 
linear  wing.  {Lirtdl.')  A  tree. 
Mexico,  near  Apuico,  in  ravines. 
Height  50fl.  Introduced  in  IB39, 
by  cones  sent  botne  by  Hartw^, 
from  which  many  plants  have  been 


The  short  lenves  and  very  glaucous 
shoots,  the  ovate  cones,  covered  closely 
with  py  amidal  elevations,  which  are 
sometimes  prolonged  and  contracted  in 
the  middle,  especially  those  near  the 
point*  of  the  cones,  readily  distinguish 
this  from  all  other  species.  The  leaves 
are  6  in.  lon^.  The  cones  are  about 
4  in.  long,  being  ralher  larger  than  a 
hen's  egg  ;  the  backs  or  the  scales  are 
sometimes  prolonged  into  a  hook,  par- 
ticulariy  those  pearest  the  baaeand  the 

b.  Xataei  of  lie  Wat  tnditt. 
t  iS.  F  occidbnta'lis  Swarli.     The 

West-Zmfun  Pine. 

Itmiflkallat.      Swtni    Prod..  Id*. ;   H.  B.  M 

KunUi  S.  G«.,  3.  p.  <.  I  LiDUn,  toL  i.  p.  Te.  \ 

Lull.  Pbi.,  td.  9.,  1. 1.  S. 

S^iKKfma.    p. IMHiaulnli,  Ac,  PItrm.  Cat.  II. i 

iMt  uterklu  tWd.  /hM.  MS.  \   Ocota, 

Evrorhvr.  Lamb.  Pin,,  ed.  !.,  ].  t.  IS. ;  N.  Da 
Huo..6.t.T9.[,9.;  ud  OUT  A- 1901. 

Spec.  Char.,  S[c.  Leaves  in  fives,  pale 
green,  slender ;  sheaths  persibtent. 
Cones  conical,  half  the  length  of  the 
leaves;  scales  thickened  at  the  apex, 
with  very  small  mucros.  (Loit.)  St, 
Domingo,  in  the  quarter  of  Saint 

occasionally  falls ;  end  where  it  grows 
to  the  height  of  from  9S  h.  to  30  ft., 
with  leaves  6  in.  lone,  of  a  fine  green, 
and  cones  somewhat  larger  than 
those  of  P.  sylv^tris. 
A  very  doubtful  species,  but  we  have 
retained  it,  as  we  have  done  some 
others  of  the  same  kind. 

3t  * 


1016  ARBORETUM   ET  FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

B.  Cones  with  the  Scales  not  thickened  at  the  Apex« 
a.  Native*  of  Europe  and  Saberia, 

t  50.  P,  Ce'mbra  L.     The  Cembran  Pine. 

Idi-niffication.    Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  1419. ;  Pall.  Fl.  Rog«.,  1 .  p.  3. 

Synonymes.  P.  (b\\\%  qulnli,  &c.,  GmeL  Sib.  1.  p.  179. ;  P.  «atlva  Amm.  Ruth.  p.  178.  ;  P.  nhH- 
tris,  &C.,  Bauh.  Pin.  491.;  P.t,jlv6»tri»  Chnhro  Cam.  Epic.  p.  42. ;  Ailiiz  acmperrlrafH.  Ax^ 
Breyn.  in  Act  Hat.  Cur.  Cent.  7,  8. ;  Pinister  Aleao,  &c..  Bell.  Omifer.  p.  90.  b.  SI. ;  7^*^ 
Arbor,  Cembro  Italbrum,  Dale  Hist.  1.  p.  47. ;  Aphernou»li  Pine,  ave-Ieared  PIim,  tike  Sibentt 
Stone  Pine,  the  Swiss  Stone  Pine ;  Aroles,  m  Satfoy  ;  Alvin?,  m  Switzerland;  Cembra.  m  Da^ 
phini  ;  Ceinbrot,  Eouve,  Tinier,  i^.;  Zurbelkiefer,  Ger. ;  Pino  Zimbro,  Ital.  %  Kedr,  Jtesv.  (wr 
Palt.  Fl.  Bast.) 

Engravings.  Pall.  Ross.,  1.  t.  S. ;  Lamb.  Pin.,  ed.  8.,  1.  t.  30, 31. ;  the  plate  of  this  tree  i»  Art. 
Brit,  1st  edit.,  yol.  vlil. ;  our  >^.  1905.  to  our  usual  scale,  ^x.  1902.  to  1904.  oT  Che  natnnl  glse. 
all  fh>m  Dropmore  specimens. 

Spec.  Char,y  Sfc.  Leaves  in  fives  ;  sheaths  deciduous.  Cones  ovate,  erect, 
about  as  long  as  the  leaves,  and  having,  when  young,  the  scales 
pubescent ;  the  wings  of  the  seed  obliterated  ;  anthers  having  a 
kidney-shaped  crest.  Buds,  in  the  Dropmore  specimens, 
from  ^  in.  to  f  in.  broad ;  globose,  with  a  long  narrow 
point ;  white,  and  without  resin ;  not  surrounded  by 
smaller  buds  (see^g.  1902.).  Cones  about  3  in.  long,  and 
2\  in.  broad.  Scales  1  in.  long,  and  about  the  same  w^idtb 
in  the  widest  part.  Seed  larger  than  that  of  any  other 
European  species  of  Pinus,  except  P.  Pinea,  \  in.  long,  and 
^^  in.  broad  in  the  widest  part,  somewhat  triangular,  and 
wedge-shaped ;  without  wings,  probably  from  abortion  ;  and 
having  a  very  bard  shell,  containing  an  eatable,  oily,  white 
kernel,  agreeable  to  the  taste.  Cotyledons  1 1  to  13  (see 
/g.  1903.).  A  tall  tree.  Switzerland  and  Siberia.  Height  50  ft. 
to  BO  ft.  Introduced  in  1 746.  It  flowers  in  May,  and  ripens  its 
cones  in  the  November  of  the  following  year. 

Varieties, 

t  P.  C.  1  sibirica.  P.  Cembra  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  ia37  ;  Kedr,  PalL  \ 
Cedar  of  some  authors  ;  the  Siberian  Stone  Pine,  or  Siberian  Cedu 
Hort, — The  cones  are  said  to  be  longer,  and  the  scales  larger,  tlur 
in  the  Swiss  variety  ;  the  leaves  are,  also,  rather  shorter ;  and  the 
plant  is  oi  much  slower  growth  in  England. 

t  P.  C.  2  pygmtE^a,  P,  C,  pumila  Pali,  Ross. ;  Slanez,  JRust,  —  Ac- 
cording to  Pallas,  the  trunk  of  this  variety  does  not  exceed  2  in.  in 
thickness,  and  it  is  rarely  above  6  ft.  in  height ;  the  branches  beinf 
not  more  than  1  in.  in  diameter.  Some  specimens  are  mucb  lower 
in  height,  prostrate,  and  shrubby. 

t  P.  C.  3  helvetica  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  The  Swiss,  Cembran,  or  Stone, 
Pine.  —  Cones  short  and  roundish,  with  close  scales ;  and  tbe 
plants  of  more  vigorous  growth  than  the  Siberian  variety;  the 
wood,  also,  is  said  to  be  more  fragrant.  This  is  mudi  the  com* 
monest  form  of  P,  Cembra  in  British  gardens. 

In  England,  P.  Cembra  is  an  erect  tree,  with  a  straight  trunk  and  a  smootii 
bark.  When  standing  singly,  it  is  regularly  furnished  to  the  summit  witfa 
whorls  of  branches,  which  are  more  persistent  than  the  branches  of  most 
other  species  of  /Ibi^tinae.  The  leaves  are  from  3  to  5  in  a  sbeatb,  three^ 
ribbed  ;  the  ribs  serrated,  one  of  them  green  and  shining,  and  the  other  two 
white  and  opaque.  In  most  species  of  pine,  it  has  Ijeen  observed  that  ifairiog 
winter  the  leaves  incline  more  towards  the  shoots  which  prodnce  them 
than  in  summer,  as  if  to  prevent  the  snow  from  lodging  on  them  ;  and  this  is 
said  to  be  much  more  conspicuously  the  case  with  the  leaves  of  P,  Cemin 
than  with  those  of  any  other  species.  The  male  catkins  are  red,  and  appev 
at  the  base  of  the  young  shoots.  According  to  Lambert,  the  flowers  have  a 
more  beautiful  appearance  than  in  any  other  species  of  pine,  being  of  a  brvbt 
purple ;  and  the  unripe  full-grown  cones,  he  says,  have  a  bloom  upon  tbcm 
like  that  of  a  ripe  Orleans  plum.     The  tree  is  of  remarkably  slow  growth  in 


ucxvii.  conifers:  pi  nus. 


ever)'  singe  of  its  progress,  more  especially  when  young ;  seldom  advancing 

more,  even  in  rich  soils,  than  I  ft.  in  a  year.     The  wood  of  P.  Cembra  is  very 

bof)  I  ar.d  its  grain  is  so  fine,  that  it  is  scarcely  p^'ceptilile.    It  in  very  resinous, 

which  ii  the  cause  of  its  agreeable  fragrance.     It  is 

not  commonly  lar^e  enough  to  be  used  in  carpentry;   , 

but  in  Joinery  it  la  of  great  value,  as  it  Is  remarkably 

easy  to  be  worked,  and  la  of  greiit  durability.     In 

SwitTerland,  it  Is  very  much  used  by  turners;  and 

the   shepherds   of  the  Swiss   Cantons,   and   of  the 

Tyrol,  occupy  their  leisure  hours  in  carving  out  of  it 

numerous  curious  little  figures  of  men  and  animals, 

which  they  sell  in  the  towns,  and  which  have  found 

their  way  all  over  Europe.     The  wood  is  much  used 

for  wainscoting;  having  not  only  an  agreeable  tight 

brown  appearance,  but  retaining  its  odour,  according 

to  Kasthofer,  for  centuries.   In  Switzerland,  the  seeds 

nre  used  in  some  places  as  food,  and  in  others  as  an 

article  of  luxury.      Though  the   Cembran  pine  will 

f:row  In  the  poorest  soils,  and  in  the  most  elevated 

and  exposed  situations,  where  do  other  pine  or  Or 

will  eati,  jet  it  will  not  grow  rspidlj,  except  in  &  v*  /•■  amtm, 


1018  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICCTUM    BKITANNICUU. 

free  soil,  (omewhat  deq>,  mid  with  a  dry  subsoU.  All  the  varieties  are  pro- 
pagated G^m  imported  seeds,  which  may  be  sown  in  the  same  autumn  in  which 
they  are  received ;  or,  perhaps,  kept  in  a  rot  heap  for  b  year,  as  thef  lie  twQ 

winters  and  one  summer  in  the  ground  before  germmotiDg.     The  plaois  grow 
exceedingly  slowly  for  4  or  5  years,  seldom  attaining  in  that  period  a  greater 
height  than  from  1  ft.  to  S  fl.     When  they  are  to  be  removed  to  any  distance, 
they  are  best  kept  in  pots  ;  but,  the  roots  being  amall  and  numerous,  large 
plants  of  P.  Cottbra  transplant  better  (when  they  are  not  to  be  carried  to  too 
great  a  distance)  than  most  other  species  of  Pinus. 
b.  AWnm  of  Iforth  America. 
i.  SI.  P.  A'Ro'BUs  L.     The  Strobus,  or  Wnprniulh,  Pine. 
.i  PunliFI.  Amtr.  S«ii«..l.p.6U. 

Plak.ilim.  p.  997!.  i.lr1l'ciudti>l1l  TantntL  p.  9M.  i  Nh 
BDaland  Fine,  wblu  Flna.  Pumpkin  PIna,  Apple  Pine,  Sapllnf  Pine.  Jmrr. ;  Plo  du  Lort.  Hi 
du  Lord  WermouUi.  Fr. 
EwroFiiwi.    MIchi.  N.  Amer.  Sj\.,\  t.  \*b.;  the  pleteof  thli  tree  In  Aib.  Brit.,  Iilcdiu,  nL 
Al. ;  end  <>urAt<<  IBM  10  IMS.  fiani  ip«ln>nu  (ram  WhltUn. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  slender,  without  sheaths.  Male  catkins  smaD. 
Gone  cylindrical,  long,  and  pendulous.  {Michx.'i  Buds  from  ^  in.  to  J  in. 
long,  and  from  -^ in.  to-^in.  broad;  ovate,  pointed, and  slightly  redoMisj 
surrounded  by  one  or  two  small 
I  buds.  (See;^.  1906.)- Leavesfrom 
3  in.  to  3)  in.  long.  Cone  (see^. 
1908.)  from  5  in.  to  6  in.  long,  and 
,  from  Uin.  to  1}  in.  broad,  on  a 
peduncle  }  in.  long  1  scales  (see 
I  j^.  1907.)  IJin.  long,  and  from 
*  I  in.  to  lin.  broad.  Seed  .^in. 
long,  and  ^  in,  broad ;  obovate, 
pointed  below,  with  a  wing  which, 
including  tbe  seed,  is  about  1  in. 
long,  and  J  in.  broad,  in  the  widest  pait. 
Cotyledons  6  to  10.  A  large  tree.  Ca- 
nada to  Virginia,  in  tertile  soil  on  the 
sides  of  hills.  Height  50  ft.  to  80  ft., 
rarely  150ft.  Introduced  in  1705.  Flow- 
ering in  April,  and  ripening  its  cones  in 
October  of  the  second  year. 

t  P.  S.  2  Uba  Hort.  —  Leaves  and 

bark  much  whiter  than  the  species. 

Horticultural  Society. 
1   P.  S.  3   bmijolia   Hort.  —  Leaves 

t  P.  tj.  '4  comprSaa 
Booth.  P.  S.  nova 
Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836  i 
FloetbeckWeymoutli 
Pine.  —  Also  much 
shorter  ui  the  leaf, 
and  probably  (he 
same  as  P.  S.  hrevi- 

The  wood  of  this  tree 
is  remarkably  white  when 
newly  sawn  mto  planks  ; 
whence  the  common  A  me- 


LXXVII.   CONl'FEItK:   Pl^SUB.  1019 

pine.  The  nte  of  srowth  in  Brilfun  is,  except  in  very  TaTourable  situations, 
slower  than  (hat  or  most  European  pinei.  Nevertheless,  in  the  climate  of 
London,  it  will  attain  the  height  of  18  or  13  feet  in  10  years  (roni  the  seed 
When  planted  singly,  like  most  other  pines,  it  fonns  a  branchy  head;  but, 
when  drawn  i^  among  other  trees  of  the  some  species,  it  has  as  clear  a 
trunk  in  Britain  as  in  America.  The  wood  is  more  employed  in  America 
than  chat  of  any  other  pine,  serving  exclusLvely  for  the  masts  of  the  nmnerous 
vessels  constructed  in  tne  northern  and  middle  states.  The  $oil  and  situation 
ought  to  be  favourable,  otherwise  the  tree  will  not  thrive.  Seeds  are  procured 
in  abundance;  and  the  plants,  when  sown  in  spring,  come  up  the  first  year, 
and  may  be  treated  in  the  nursery  like  those  of  the  Scotch  pine. 


r  Lambert's,  Pine. 


I  icidt.  soJ^'- 1| 


Spec,  Char.,  f-c.  Leaves  in  fives,  rigid, 
rou^ish  ;  sheaths  vei^  short.  Cones  I 
thick,  very  long,  cylindrical  ;  scales  loose, 
roundish.  {Dottgiat.)  Buds,  in  the 
,  specimen  from  the  Horticultural 
'  Society's  Garden,  i  in.  long,  and 
f  in.  broad ;  roundish,  pointed,  and 
with  3  smaller  buds.  (See  fig, 
I9U9.)  Leaves  8}  in.  to  Sin. 
long  ;  in  Douglas's  specimens,  4^  in. 
and  5  in.  long.  Cones  from  14  in. 
to  1 6  in.  long,  and  said  to  be  some- 
times IS  in.  long,  and  4  in.  in  di- 
""^  ameter  In  the  widest  part ;  scales 
I }  in.  wide,  and  nearly  2  in.  long.  Seed 
large,  oval,  ^  in.  long,  and  nearly  )  in. 

broad:  dark  brown;  wing  dark  brown,  i„o.  KK.)Luiuni» 

and,  with  the  seed,  IJin.  long,  and  Jin. 

broad  in  the  widest  part.  A  gigantic  tree.  California,  upon  low  hills,  e> 
of  the  range  of  the 
Hocky  Mountains,  co> 
vering  tai^  districts. 
Height  150  ft.  to  800ft. 
rarely  815  ft.  Intro. 
ducedinl82T.  It  has 
not  yet  flowered  in  Eng- 
land. Native  of  the 
north-west  coast  of  | 
North  America,  where  j 
it  was  discovered  by  1 
Mr.  Douglas  ;  and  in-  ! 
troduced  Into  England  j 
in  IH2T.  j 

The  species  to  which  J 
this  pine  is  most  nearly 
allied,  Doiiglns  observes, 
is  undoubcedljr  P.  Ard- 
bus,  firom  which,  how- 
ever, it  is  extremely 
different  in  station,  habit,  ig„   f;ii.,i-»'t*>'i^u. 


ARBOEKTUM    ET    FKUTICETUM   BBITANNICUK. 


year ;  but  it  is  remiirkabie  that  tha  greater  part  of  them  have  eiw  "J™ 
generally  when  they  were  about  4  or  6  feel  in  height.  NotnithsBiufa^  ™ 
the  species  does  not  appear  to  be  much  more  tender  than  P.  Jtrobtu-  ' 
resin  which  exudes  from  the  trees,  when  they  are  partly  burneil,  li»  *^ 


LXXVII,    CONIFEB^:    PI  NUS.  1021 

uaual  flavour,  and  acquires  b  aweet  taste ;  in  which  state  it  is  used  by  the 
nadres  as  sugar,  being  mixed  with  their  food.  The  seeds  are  eaten  roasted 
or  are  pounded  into  coarse  cakes  for  their  ffioter  store.     II.  S. 

1  53.  P.  (5.)  MONTi'coLi  Dougl.     The  Mountain,  or  ikorUleaoed 
We^tnotith,  I^ne. 

UnlUkamm.    tunb.  Pis..  hL  1..  to).  1, 1. 1.  ST. 

Engrarlngt.    Lamb.  Pln^  1.  t.  R. :  uid  oawjip.  Itll.uid  1>M.  from  Ddu|Iiii'i  qwdiBuu  lathe 

Spef.  Char,,  /le.  Leaves  in  tivei,  short,  antootbbh,  obtuse.  Cones  cylin- 
drical and  smooth  ;  scales  loose  and  pointed.    {D.  Don.)    Buds,  in  the 

plant  in  the  Lon- 
don Horticultural 

Society's  Garden. 

small,    resembling 

those  of  F.  Lam. 

bertuina.     Leaves   | 

firom  3^  in.  to  4  in.  I 

long,  without  the 

sheaths.         Cone, 

from        Douglas's   I 

specimen,       7    in.  I 

long,    and    1}  in. 

bro«d;  rather  ob>   | 

tuseat  the  point: 

scales  }in.  broad 

at  the  widest  pan, 

and  from  I J  in.  to 

2  in.  lon^,  and  co- 
vered  with   resin. 

Seed  small,  .^in. 

long,    and    X  in. 

broad  ;    with   the 

wing,  1^  in.   long, 

and    J  m.  broad. 

Cotyledons,  ?.     A 

tree-  High  moun- 
tains, at  the  Grand 

Rapids  of  the  Co- 
lumbia river;   and 

in   California,    on 

the  rocky  banks  of 

the  Spokan  river. 

Height  (?).  lntTO> 

ducedinlS3l;but 

there  are  only  very 

small     plants     in   i 

England. 

Except  in  its  much 
shorter  and  smoother 
leaves,  this  species 
cUfTer*  but  little  from 
P.  5trdbus,  of  whidi 
it  may  prove  to  be 
only  a  variety  ;  but, 
until  an  opportunity 
occurs  of  examinina 
the  male  catkins,  ana  iiu.  r.is.iBMi«u. 


AHBORETOM    ET  FBUTICETUM    BBITARNICITM. 

ascertaining  oCherparticiitan,  it  ■»  consdoed 
best  to  keep  it  distinct.  Jud^ng  from  ike 
appearance  of  the  apecimeDs  sent  have  1^ 
Douglas,  the  tree  mnit  abouod  in  resm. 
Among  Douglas's  spedcnens.  there  is  a  n- 
riety  with  red  cones,  from  which  do  pbnls 
have  jretbeen  raised. 


.  Xalivet  of  Nepal  mid 


t  5*.  P.  {S.)  eice'ls*  Wallich. 
The  ioftj,  or  Bkolan,  Pine. 


Sj/nom/ma-  J 

atOifa^L ,__,  

4  Gttkwt/i  Lamtbliw,  BMta ;  Rmc- 
luU,  or  King  of  Urn  flwt,  BimUmaw. 

XUrnnM.  Will.  FL  Al.  Ru,l.lOI.| 
CiiinbrpiD.,  1.  Ln.i  our  A-  1»IS. 
to  our  luiul  •cili.  Hid  jbi.  IbTa.  1911^ 
]91T.  or  the  Ml.  ilir,  Kni  Wallich, 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Leaves  in  lives, 
very  long,  anil  slender,  loose. 
Crest  of  the  anthers  roundish, 
truncate  ;  siniple,  lace- 
rated. Cones  cjlinilri- 
cal,  smooth,  pendulous, 
longer  th»n  the  leaves. 
{Wall.)  Buds,  on  the 
I  tree  in  the  Horticultu- 
ral Society's  Garden, 
I  J  in.  long  and  .j^  in. 
broad  i  conical,  nith 
stroight      sides,      and 

Einted.  (Fig.  1915.) 
aves  rather  more  than 
6  in.  long.  Cone  S  in.  long, 
and  2  in.  brodd,  with  a  foot- 
stalk 1  in.  long;  scale  IJin. 
long,  and  l-J  in.  broad.  Seeds 
^in.  long,  and  Jin.  broad; 
with  the  wing,  1}  in.  long, 
and  \  in.  broad.  A  large  tree. 
Nepal,  on  mountains.  Hdght 
90K.  to  120ft.  Introduced 
ia  1883.  It  flowers  in  May, 
and  ripens  its  cones  in  the 
autumn  of  the  second  year. 


LXZTU.   COKl  FEB£  :    PI  NUB. 


Pinus  eic£lta,  Hr. 
Lambert  obgerret,  u^ 
proachea  *a  near  in 
habit,  and  in  die  shiqie 
of  ita  cones,  to  P.  Sab- 
biu,  that,  were   it   not 


for    the  simple,  round, 

membranaceous  creat  of 

the  anthers,  it  would  be 

almoiit  impoasible  to  dig- 

iiy,i.h    ,1,™    .pecffl-  ^  ,.„_». 

cally.     The   leaves   are 

■onger  than  in  P.  arobua,  and  the  cones  are  thicker.    Dr.  Boyle  >»«««/ 

similar  remark  as  to  the  resemblance  of  this  tree  Jo  P.  Jtrobus,  and  adds 

-  that  it  is  remarkable  for  its  drooping  branchea,  whence  it  is  frequently  called 

the  '  weeping  fir,'  by  travellers  in  the  Himalayaa."    The  rate  of  growth  of  thu 

tree,  ID  the  climate  of  London,  swears  to  be  nearly  the  same  as  that  of  P. 

5trabus,  and  it  seems  equally  hardy. 

1  ».  P.  AVACjam^TE  C.  Ehrenb.    The  Ayacshuite  Kne. 


lit  borne  bj  Ibnwof . 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  in  fives,  on 
small  spur-Uke  protuberances,  which, 
when  very  close  together,  make  the 
twig  look  stunted  and  very  crooked. 
Leaves  Ironi  3  in.  to  4  in.  long,  and 
about  ^  of  a  line  broad ;  Sat  on  the 
back,  but  with  a  sharp  prqecting 
keeUlike  midrib,  and  two  furrows. 
The  leHves  ore  whitish  when  young, 
with  sharp  thickened  small  teeth, 
not  very  close  together,  in  the  mar- 
gin towards  the  points.  Cones 
more  than  1  ft.  long,  and  3  in.  in 
iiAmeter  at  the  base,  and  tapering 
towjjds    tbe   point ,    some  much 


1024  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM, 


1920.  P.AyaeahtM* 


LXXVll.    CONi'fERX:    A^BiES. 


looser  than  othen  The 
scalea  ore  abont  t  in. 
ItHiB,  lUnding  open, 
witD  their  points  more 
or  leu  bent  down- 
ward*; the  rhomboid al 
surface  is  much  longer 
than  it  U  broad,  inter- 
wcted  bymany  wrinkles 
lengthniBe,  of  a  dull 
greenish  nod  yellowiih 
brown  colour.  6ecd 
winged,  1  in.  long,  and 
from  8  to  12  lines  broad 
at  the  top,  where  it  is 
broadest.  It  is  small 
in  proportion  to  the 
cone.  The  wing  has 
almost  the  appearance 
of  the  upper  wings  of 
many  small  moths,  being 
brownish,  with  diirK 
stripea  running  length- 
wise.   (ScAlecAl.) 


de  Guerrero,  and  other 

Dlaces.     Heii-ht  100  (t. 

Introd.  to  if.  S.  Oard. 

in  1840  by  Ilurtweg. 

A  great  deal  of  resin 
exudes  from  the  whole 
cone,  as  in  Pinia  5tr6bus, 
to  which  this  species  is 
nearly  allied ;  but  it  dilfers 
in  the  points  of  the  scales, 
which  in  this  species  ate 
bent  downwards,  wbereaa 


in   P.  Arobus  tin 

bluntly 

and  stand  upright. 


1L' 


iSBsan 


iTBIES  D.  Don.     Tse  Spruce  Fir.     Lm.  Syst.  Monmcia  Monad^lj^ia. 

Utull/leaUim.    D.  Don  In  Lunb.  Pin,,  lol.  lU. 

^mcirma.    Piaut  ot  LiD.  and  othEn,  tn  pun  i  Plan  LUit  tn  ,ifUnrf.  ZAi/(.  Atat.  ffVunu 
Bcrlfm,p.  in.  [or  1SI7, (tlia iDclati  oIIhI  ttiii liknr  Br  .4'bln.uHllbeipfucellr  Hhsi  lHl,t^ 

CHIT  quoted.  Iniln  haitnnt  Ihouglil  II  hItIhMii  to  dtpatt  frDm  lh«  nuKROtr)'  nmsniclBCura, 
bj  (oIlBwlng  klia}  i  if'Wa  of  Toun.,  Mill.,  and  othen.  in  put  |  Plo*  oC  the  hkIuiu  ;  Sipln 
tptRI,  Fr. :  Flchtmbuuc,  Oct.  i  Absu.  ilal. ;  AUeto,  Span. 
Der*vali.m.    From  pVp,  U  rjH  ;  allildin;  to  the  upliins  bBbll  oT  growth  of  tL«  tn«  1  or,  uconUns 

totaam,  from opiiaj,  ■  pfv  me;  Id  aUuilon  (a  th«  fom  of  tbfl  fruit. 
Gen.  Char.  The  same  as  Rnus :  but  with  the  etmci  pendent,  and  less  de- 
cidedly grouped  1  the  itrobUei  cylindricalty  conical ;  tbe  aapeU  not  thick- 
ened Bl  the  tip;  and  the  leapei  solitary,  partially  scattered  in  insertion,  snd 
more  or  leas  3-ranked  in  direction.  Carpelt  and  bradeai  adhering  to  the 
axis  of  the  atr<rfiile«,  (D.  Dm.) 

3  U 


1026  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

Leaves  &mp\e,  2-rowed,  exstipulate,  evergreen;  linear.  FToweninaX" 
kins,  the  males  yellowish. —  Trees  evergreen ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  md 
America ;  remarkable  for  their  tall,  erect,  pyramidal  forms,  and  profosioo 
of  foliage.  One  or  more  species  are  usefUl,  and  the  rest  omameDtaL  In 
Britain,  they  flower  in  May  and  June,  and  ripen  their  cones  in  the  spring  oT 
the  following  year.  All  the  species  bear  seeds  at  a  comparatively  eaily  age; 
and  all  of  them  may  be  readily  propagated  b^  cuttings  taken  off  in  the 
spring,  according  to  Dumont  De  Courset ;  or  m  autumn,  according  to  the 
practice  of  British  gardeners.  All  the  species  hitherto  introduced  are  quite 
hardy  in  British  gardens. 

Our  arrangement  of  the  species  in  British  gardens  is  as  under :  — 
§  i.     Leaves  tetragonal,  awl-shaped,  scattered  in  insertion. 
A.  Natives  of  Europe  and  the' Caucasus, 
1.  exc^lsa.  2.  orientalis.  3.  obovita. 

B.  Natxoes  of  North  America, 
4.  dlba.  5.  nigra.  6.  (n.)  rubra. 

C.     Native  of  Nepal,    7.  Khuirow, 
§  ii.    Leaves  flat,  generally  glaucous  beneath,  imperfectly  2-rowed. 

D.  Natives  of  North  America, 

8.  Dougl^.  9.  Menziesn.  10.  canadi^ftsis. 

E.     Native  of  Nepal,     11.  dumosa. 

§  i.  Leaves  tetragonal^  awUshaped^  scattered  in  insertion^ 

A.  Natives  of  Europe  and  the  Caucasus, 
f  I.  A.  EXCE^LSA  Dec,    The  lofty,  or  Norway,  Spruce  Fir. 

Tdentffleaifon.    Dec.  Fl.  Fr.,  8. ;  Foir.  Diet.  Encvc.  6.  p.  51S. ;  N.  Du  Ham..  &  p.  »9. 

Sjfnontftnrs.  A.  commikiilg  Hort. ;  A^XAei  Plcea  ifiU.  DM.  No.  a. ;  i*lDas  jfUm  Lm.  Sp.  FL  MS-: 
P.  Picea  Du  Boi  Harbk.  ed.  Pott.,  S.  p.  166. ;  P.  exc^lia  Lam.  PI.  F^.  c±  I.  a.  p.  901 :  Aoi 
Tulg&ris  Link  In  Abkand.  p.  180. ;  common  Spruce,  Prufdan  Fir ;  &ax  Sapin,  E^eea,  N** 
Peue,  Serente,  Sapln  erentil,  Pineue,  F^. ;  Lafie,  A>  tke  Vo^et ;  gemefaie  rotbe  TUae,  fOM^ 
flchte,  Ger. ;  Pexso,  Abete  di  Germanta,  or  di  Norvegia,  /lot 

Engravfugi.  Lamb.  Pin.,  ed.  2.,  1.  t.  30. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  6.  t.  60. ;  the  platca  of  13bl»  tree  to  A» 
Brit,  lit  edit.,  vol.  vUl. ;  and  our  ^.  192S. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  Leaves  scattered,  quadrangular.  Conea  cylindrical,  tcnnM 
pendent ;  scales  naked,  truncate  at  the  summit,  flat.  Crest  of  the  aotboi 
rounded.  {Lois.)  Cone  from  5 in.  to  Tin.  long,  and  from.  1-^  in.  to 2 ii* 
broad  ;  scale  from  1  in.  to  l^  in.  long,  and  from  ^  in.  to  }  in.  broad.  Seed 
very  small,  scarcely  ^  in.  long,  and  -f^  in.  broad  ;  with  the  wing,  }  in.  lon& 
and  \  in.  broad.  Cotyledons  7  to  9.  A  lofty  tree.  North  of  Eorope^ 
more  particularly  Norway.  Height  80  ft.  to  100  ft.  Cultiyated  since  1^ 
It  flowers  in  May  ;  its  cones  are  ripened  in  the  spring  of  the  foUowii^  jptfi 
soon  after  which  ^ey  commence  shedding  thdr  seeds. 

Varieties, 

t  A.  «.  1  commums.  The  common  Spruce,  or  White  Fir  of  Nonray.— 
The  folia^  is  shorter,  more  slender,  and  ligfiter^<^oured,  thaa  a 
the  foUowmg  form  ;  thou^  the  difference  may  be  in  part  ovnig  to 
soil  and  situation, 
t  A.  tf.  2  nigra.  The  black-leaved  Spruce,  or  Red  Fir  of  Norway.— 
There  is  a  tree  in  Studley  Park,  known  there  as  the  black  spmoe,  d 
which  a  portrait  is  given  in  Arb,  Brit,^  1st  edit.,  voL  viii  In  the 
foliage,  it  answers  to  the  description  given  of  the  red  fir  of  Norway; 
its  leaves  being  very  thick,  strong,  and  dark-coloured  ;  its  bark  mi; 
and  its  cones  longer  than  those  of  the  common  spruce.  The  leafci, 
in  the  specimen  sent  to  us,  are  1^  in.  in  length  :  and  the  cones  frooi 
5i  in.  to  6  in.  long,  and  from  1^  in.  to  1^  in.  broad.    The  arales  (sec 


LXXTII.    C0N|'F£R£:    /f^BIES.  1027 

fig.  1928.)  ere  much  more  pointed  than  those  of  the 

common  xprucc,  and  longer. 
t   A.  ?.  3  carpatica.   A.  carpitica  Hori.  —  This  »arie^ 

has  vigorous  ahoots,  and  foliase  as  dense  and  long 

as  that  of  the  preceding,  but  lighter. 
t   A   f.  4  peiufula.   A.  communis  pendula  Booth. —  Di»-  j 

tingutshed  from  the  species  by  the  drooping  habit  of  I 

ita  branchea;  anil  alio  by  the  darker  glassy  green 

colour,  and  greater  length,  ofits  leaves. 
J   A.  e,  5Joliii  variegdlu.  —  Leuvet  blotched  with  yellow, 

and  a  more   compact   dwartgrowing  tree  than  the 

*  A.  e.  6  ClaHbratir>iai&.  —  A  low,  compact,  round  bush,    mt.  j,  ^  u,,^ 

seldom  seen  higher  than  3  or  4  Teet,  end  never,  that 

we  have  heard  of,  producing  either  male  or  female  bloasoms.     The 

ennual  ahoots  ore  trom  1  m.  to  4  m.  in  length  ;  the  leaves  from  }  in. 

to  }  in.  long,  and  their  colour  is  lighter  than  in  the  species. 
■  A.  e.  7  C/onAroti/iana  itricta.  —  More  erect  than  the  preceding  variety. 
a  A.  c  8  pi/giuaa.  A.  n^na  in  the  HorticuUurel  Society's  Garden  ;  /I. 

el^ans  SmilA  r>f  Ayr.  —  Dwarfer  than  A.  e   Clanbrasiljdna. 
>  A.  f .  9  lenaifvlia.  A.  tenuifolia  SmilA  of  Ai/r, —  Very  slender  leaves 

and  shoots, 
f  A.  e.   10  gigantea.  A,  gigantea  Smith  of  Ayr,  —  Leaves  rather  larger 

and  htrouger  than  those  of  the  species. 
»  A.  e.   11  monttrota.  A.  monstrosa  /fort.— Shoots  and  leaves  thicker 

ihen  those  of  the  sjiecies,  with  few  or  no  lateral  branches. 

•  A.  e.  12  mucrondla   Hort.  —  Leaves  disposed  on  the  branchea  like 

those  of  Areuciria  imhricnta.    The  only  plant  that  we  know  of  is  in 
the  nursery  of  the  Grand  Trianon.  (See  Gard.  Mag,  for  1841.) 
Other  Varietia  may  be  found  in  the  nurseries  and  in  books;  fur  the  tree  is 
veiy  liable  to  sport,  both  in  its  branches  and  in  the  seed  bed.     Boacmeniions 
a  variel;  which  had  been  sent  to  him  from  the  Vosees,  with  the  leaves  flatter 
and  more  pointed  than  the  common  spruce,  and  with  different  conea.     Hayes 
speaks  of  a  seminal  variety  of  the  spruce,  which  has  been  denominated  the 
long-coned  Cornish  Gr,  the  cones  being  frequently  nearly  1  ft.  long;  and  of 
which,  in  the  year  1 790,  there  was  a  fine  tree  in  the  park  of  Avondale,  in  the 
county  of  Wicklow.  {Pract.  Treat.,  p.  165.)    Pinus  viminalis  Alttnent.,\\\e 
Hdngetanne  (weeping  fir)  of  Sweden,  with  long  slender  pendulous  leafless 
twigs,  is  frequently  found  there  in  fir  woods  (see  Lmic,  AbhanH.,  p.  183.), 
but  has  not  yet  been  introduced.      There  is  a  very  beautiful  variety  at 
Harewood  Hall,  in  Yorkshire  (see  Arb.  Brii.,  l3tedit.,p.  2599. ^  which  we 
believe  has  not  been  propagated.     Linnceus  has  five  varieties  in  his  Flora 
Sucdca.   According  to  Gieertner  the  species  is  exhibited  in  two  forms,  called 
the  white  and  the  red  Norway  spruce ;  one  with  pale,  and  the  other  with 
deep-coloured,  conea  ;  but  the  timber  of  both  is  white. 
The  wood  ofthe  spruce  fir  is  light,  elastic,  and  varying  in  durability  according 
to  the  soil  on  which  it  has  grown.     Its  colour  is  either  a  reddish  or  a  yellowish 
white,  and  it  is  much  less  resinous  than  the  wood  of  P.  sylvestris.  According  to 
Hartig,  it  weighs  64  lb.  11  oz.  per  cubic  foot  when  green,  49  lb.  5  oz.  when  half- 
dry ;  and  35  lb.  So2.  when  quite  dry;  and  it  shrinks  in  bulk  one  seventieth  pan  in 
drying.   The  ashes  furnish  potash  i  and  the  trunk  f^oduces  an  immense  quan- 
tity of  resin,  from  which  Burgundy  pitch  is  made.     The  resin  is  obtained  by 
incisiona  made  in  the  bark,  when  it  oozes  out  between  that  and  the  soft  wood  ; 
and  the  mode  of  procuring  and  manufacturing  it  will  be  found  detailed  in  our 
Ist  eilition.     The  principal  use  to  which  the  wood  is  applied  is,  for  scofibld- 
ing^lea,  ladders,  spars,  oars,  and  masts  to  small  vessels ;  for  which  purposes, 
the  greaier  proportion  of  the  importations  of  spruce  fir  timber  from  Norway 
arc  m  the  form  of  entire  trunks,  often  with  the  bark  on,  from  30  ft.  to  60fl. 


ARBORETUM    BT    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 


8  inches  in  diameter  at  the  thidcat  vi 
The  pfaniu  and  deals  are  used  for  flooring  rooms,  and  b^  musical  insouBM 
niakers  and  carvers ;  they  are  also  used  by  cabinet-makers  for  liniiig  fbraitac 
and  for  packing-boxes,  and  nuny  similar  purposes.  The  wood,  being  tae- 
ftrsined,  takes  a  high  polish,  and  does  well  for  gildirw  on  ;  and  it  will  takii 
black  stain  as  well  as  the  wood  of  the  pear  tree.  The  spruce  fir  u  tiotd 
the  best  nurses  for  other  trees,  not  only  from  its  dense  mass  of  fotiace,  w' '  ' 


.  and  keeps 
while  it  protects  the  plant  to  be  sheltered  from  high  winds,  it  admits  dte  la 


dimensions  in  shallow  Roils  and  exposed  places.  On  dry  soils,  ii 
becomes  stunted,  produces  a  great  number  of  cones  at  an  early  age,  and  mm 
dies.  The  check  ^ven  to  large  trees  by  transplanting  also  throws  them  an* 
bearing ;  by  which  means,  even  in  the  most  suiiafale  soils,  the  pn^jreaa  of  tk 
tree  in  making  wood  is  much  impeded.  Hence,  in  the  case  of  tbe  sprtttc,  b 
in  all  other  ^bi^linie,  ihe  great  advantace  of  transplanting  the  tree  wbm  joaaf. 
Tbe  spruce  Rr  grows  most  luxuriantly  m  deep  loams  and  low  dtuatiooi :  cr 
on  acclivities  with  a  north-east  aspect,  and  a  moist  sandy  soil ;  in  wbick  htt 
situation,  at  Blair  and  other  places  in  Scotland,  it  is  found  to  produce  taibB 
as  strong  and  durable  as  that  imported  from  Norway.  The  mature  cones  o« 
be  gathered  any  time  between  the  November  of  the  firat  year  aod  the  feUoaif 
April :  they  should  be  chosen  from  healthy  vigorous  trees),  and  r»f>n»fj  n 
the  heat  of  the  sun,  placed  in  a  warm  room,  or  slightly  dried  on  a  k^  ;  ate 
which,  the  seeds  inlTdrop  out  by  merely  shaking  Uie  cones,  or  ctotly  thn^ 
in^  them.  Fifteen  gallons  of  cones  will  produce  8  lb.  of  aee^  wtU  the*' 
wings,  or  I  lb.  4oi.  without  them.  After  being  collected,  the  seeds  my  bt 
''~~'  three  or  four  years,  and  will  still  preserve  their  ritalitv  ;  but  it  is  il«j< 
t  to  BOW  them  immediately  after  taking  them  from  the  cooea^  or  in  tie 
se  of  the  following  March  or  April.  'Ae  seeds  of  tbe  spmce  fir,  beiK 
neariy  of  the  same  size  as  those  of  the  Bcotch  pine,  may  be  treated  ii  tbe 
mirsery  in  a  similar  manner ;  but,  as  tbe  plants,  when  tbey  come  i^i,  He  n«e 


safe 


Lxxvii.  coni'fera:  ^^ies. 


..  .  Jl  convenient  time  for  planthn  tnem  where  they  are  finally  t< 

is  after  they  have  been  two  yean  in  tiie  eeed-bed,  and  one  year  tran^Ianted  ; 
and  the' operation  should  never  be  performed  but  in  mild  weather,  aiid  when 
the  air  ia  Mmewhat  moist. 

I  i.  A.  orienta'lis   Toum.     The  Oriental  Spruce  Fir. 

>n.,V 

idllil.Aa.  ^  Fl.Utl.,  LoBypnt.  ad.  1.  l.L».  i  FIctialtaiaa LImt, 

■..Nal.Mtn.^tai. 

I.,  •d.l..  I.  t.  ».  I  Ud  DOT  A*.  \9tt.  uul  IW. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^,     Lcbtcs  loUtsry,  sub-quadrangular,  Conea  cylindrical ;  acales 
broader  than  long,  rhomboid  ovate,  rounded  at  the  ai>ei,8ub.entiTe.  {Steven.) 
Leaves  half  ai  long  as  thoie  of  ^'bies  exc^lso,  and,  like  them,  quadnuiguler, 
acute,  but  not  pungent  ;  neither  are  thej  two  rowed,  at  Tournefort  states, 
but  cover  the  branches  on  all  sides,  aa  in 
the  common  spruce.      Cones  3  in.  long, 
subcylindrical ;  scales 
more     laxly    imbri. 
cated   as   tne   seeds 
ripen,  inferior  broad- 
ly rounded,  superior   . 
somewhat  acute.    A 
lofty   tree.      Tauria 
and  Caucasus,  on  the 
loftieet  n 

Imeretia,    and    fre- 
quent in  Upper  Mingrelia,  especially  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  courches,  and  forming 


whole    forests     between    Ouriel    and    the 

Adshar   wounlaina.     {Gard.    Mag.,    1839, 

p.  227.) 

Described  by  Lambert,  after  Tournefort,  and 
from  dried  Bpecimens;  but  cones  with  fertile 
seeds  do  not  appear  to  have  been  introduced 
till  11837.  Of  late  many  plants  have  been 
raised  in  Kni^t's  Exotic  Nursery,  from  seeds 
received  from  Mingrelia  and  the  ndghbourhood 
of  Teflis. 


Spec.  Char,,  }fc.  Leaves  arranged  in  many 
series,eurved upwards.  Cones erect,cy)indri- 
cal.  Scales  abruptly  dilated  from  the  cuneate 
base  into  a  quadrangular  lamina,  broader 
towariU  the  point.  Bractcas  somewhat 
quadrangular,  mucronaie,  not  half  the  length 


1030 


ARBORETUM    ET  FRUTICETUM  BRITAKNICUM. 


of  the  scale,  scarcely  broader  than  the  wing 
of  the  fruit,  which  is  straight  on  both  margins 
towards  the  apex.  Found  on  the  Altai  Moun- 
tains, at  an  elevation  of  5272  ft.  Flowering  in 
May  ;  not  yet  introduced. 

Professor  Don  informs  us  that  he  strongly  sus- 
pects this  tree  to  be  only  a  northern  form  of  A^hies 
Smithrafia.  Ledebour,  he  says,  has  coimnitted  the 
same  error  in  regard  to  his  P.  obovata,  as  Dr. 
Wallich  did  in  the  case  of  A^biea  Smithidna  ;  that 
is,  he  has  described  the  cones  as  erect,  while,  from 
the  other  parts  of  his  description,  the  tree  must 
belong  to  the  genus  il'bies. 

B.  Natives  of  North  America. 

i  4.  A,  A^LBA  Michx,    The  white  Spruce  Fir. 

Idtnt^lcation.    Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  2.  p.  S07. ;  N.  Amer.  Sri.,  8.j>.  18S. 
Svntmifmes.    Finn*  Altm  Aii.  Hort.Keuf.%.  p.  871. ;  P^l&xa  Ehrh.  Beitr.  3.  p.  M. ;  P 


Du  Ttoi  Harbk.  p.  134. ;  A.  curvlfbUa  hort, ;  single  Spruce,  Jmer. ;  Episette  hlanrlw, 
Sapinette  blanche,  Fr. 
Engraving*.    Lamb.  Pin.,  ed.  2.,  I.  t.  36. ;  Michx.  N.  Amer.  Syl.,  3.  t  143. ;  the  plate  of  this 
in  Arb.  Brit.,  Ut  edit,  vol  tIU.  ;  and  oarflg.  1938. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  somewhat  glaucous,  scattered  round  the  farandici, 
erect,  quadrangular.  Cones  oblonff-cylindrical,  pendulous,  lax ;  scales  widi 
entire  margins.  (Michx.)  Cones  from  Ifin.  to  2^ in.  long,  and  Irooi  \wl 
to  t  in.  broad ;  on  the  tree  at  Dropmore,  4  in.  long.  Seed  very  small ;  with 
the  wing,  |  in.  long,  A  in.  broad.  Leaves  }  in.  long ;  on  the  tree  at  Drop- 
more,  twice  the  lengtn  of  those  of  A.  nigra,  very  ^ucous  when  diey  fint 


0 


1918.   AUba. 


come  out.  A  tree^  Canada  to  Carolina,  throughout  the  tracts  of  )dA 
mountains.  Height  40  ft.  to  50  ft.  Introduced  in  1700.  It  flowen  a 
May  and  June,  and  the  cones  are  ripe  in  the  April  following. 

Farie^, 

lA.a.2  naTia  Dickson  of  the  Chester  Nursery. — A  low-growing  pbol, 
apparently  somewhat  distinct. 

Other  Varietiet.  Loiseleur  Deslongchamps  states  that,  according  to  the 
specimens  of  A.  orientalis  which  Toumefort  brou^t  fh>m  the  Levant,  tiiii 
alleged  species  cannot  be  s^arated  from  A,  dlba.  He  therefore  introdueci 
A.  orientals  Toum.^  Poir.  Uict.  vi.  p.  508.,  and  Lamb.  Pm,  ed.  1.  iL  t39., 
as  a  variety  of  A.  41ba.  We  have  retained  it  as  a  spedes  (No.  2.),  though 
we  have  great  doubts  as  to  its  distinctness. 

The  general  aspect  of  the  white  spruce  is  much  lighter  than  that  of  taj 
other  spiecies  of  the  genus.     The  bark  is  considerably  lighter  in  colour  than 


Lxxvii.  cohi'fer^:  jI^ies.  1031 

tbit  of  tny  other  spruce ;  the  leaves  are  also  less  numerous,  lon^,  more 
pdnted,  M  a  more  open  anele  with  the  branches,  and  of  a  pale  bluuih  green. 
The  male  catkins  are  pendulous,  on  long  footstalks,  and  of  a  brownish  yellow, 
llie  lemale  catkins  are  ovale  and  pendulous.  When  ripe,  the  cones  are  small, 
of  a  lengthened  oval  in  xhape,  and  a  light  brown  colour ;  the  scales  are  loose 
and  thin,  round  or  bluntly  pointed,  with  entire  edfies.  The  seeds  are  minute, 
with  a  very  small  wing,  and  ripen  a  month  earlier  than  those  of  the  black 
spruce.  When  the  tree  is  agitated  with  the  wind,  or  when  the  cones  are 
gently  stnick  with  a  stick,  the  seeds  drop  out,  end  fall  hlowly  to  the  ground 
with  a  tremuloUB  fluttering  motion,  resembling  a  cloud  of  buibII  pale  brown 
moths.  The  rate  of  growth,  in  the  climate  of  London,  in  sandy  soil  some- 
what moist,  is  from  12  ft,  to  15  ft.  in  lOyears.  In  30  years,  the  tree  will 
attain  the  height  of  from  30  ft.  to  40  ft. ;  liut  in  dry  soils  it  seldom  reaches 
either  this  age  or  height :  indeed,  all  the  American  spruces  may  be  considered. 
in  En^and,  is  short-lived  trees. 

1  5.  A.  NiNiRi  Pair.    The  bliick  Spruce  Fir, 

.  D\a.  EncTE.  S.  p.  aw. :  Mkhi.  N.  Aitw.  Sil..  S.  p.  ITS. 

nlKis  Jtt,  Horl.  keir.  S.  p.  JTO.J  P.  m.rlini.  P*r.  Brfl  (.  p.  IS. ;  4'blH  ■••- 

_ ._ .l.p.  li.;  doubls  Spmu;  Doln  EpInMic,  EntDEUe  1  la  BMn.  ta  Cuudo. 

Sinrratimt!-    Umb.  Pln.,td.  1.,  1.  !.».  i  Hlcbi.  N.  Amec.  Sil..  3.  t.MT.)  Ih«  plala  ol  lb[i  uw 
In  ArtkBiil..  in.  adll^  Tot.  Tlil. ;  and  oar  Jig.  1M9. 

ec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  solitary,  r^ularly  disposed  all  round  the  bnuchea  ; 
erect,  very  short,  somewhat  quadrangular.  (Jones  ovate,  pendulous  ;  scales 
somewhat  undulated ;  the  apex  of  the  scale  crenulated  or  divided.  (Aliehx,) 
Cones  from  I J  in.  to  1}  in.  long,  and  ftom  f-'n-  to  nearly  I  in.  broad.  Seed 
rather  larger  than  that  of  A,  alba,  but  the  wing  smaller.  Leaves  from  ^  in. 
to  4  b.  long.  A  lai^  tree.  Canada  to  Carolina,  throughout  the  tracts  of 
high  mountams.  Height  60  ft.  to  70  ft.  Introduced  b  1700.  Flowering 
in  May  or  June,  and  ripening  its  cones  b  the  following  April. 

Vanelia.     The  kind  generally  designated  as  A.  ritbra  {P.  rubra  Lamb.)  is  as- 
serted bv  Michaux  to  be  onlv  a  variety,  or  rather  variation,  of  A.  nigra, 
produced  by  the  influence  of  tne  soil  on  the  wood,  but  we  have  treated  it 
as  a  subspecies,  as  it  is  tolerably  distinct,  and.  at  present,  not  common. 
The  branches  spread  more  in  a  horizontal  than  in  a  drooping  direction,  like 

those  of  the  Norway  spruce  i  ^^^^ 

and,  consequently,   the  black 

spmce  (notwithstanding   the 

darkness   of  its  Ibliage)   has  « 

not  the  gloomy  aspect  of  the 

European  tree.    The  bark  is 

enKfotli  and  blackish.      The 

leaves  are  of  a  dark  sombre 

green ;   they  are   short,  bemg 

scarcely  J  in.  long,  thickly  set, 

BlifT,  and  are  attached   smgly 

to  the   branches,  which   they 

cover  all   round.      The  male 

catkins   are  cylindrical,  erect, 

and  on  peduncles  ;  about  I  in. 

loi^  ;    yellowish,    with    red- 
tipped  anthers.      The   female 

catKins  ere  oval,  and  at  first 

erect,  but  soon  become  pen-  ■*"■  ^*p»- 

dulous;  they  are  purjilian,  and  almost  black,  when  young  ;   but   become. 

when  ripe,  of  a  dusky  reddish  brown.      When  ftdl-crown,  they  are  about 

IJin.  long,  and   Jin.  in  diameter  at  the   middle.      The  scales  are  blunt, 

ruimded,  very  thin,  and,  when  ripe,  rugged  and  torn  on  the  margin,  and  some- 
times half  through  the  scule.     Tne  needs  nre  small,  scarcely  mare  than  a  line 


ARBORETUM    ET    PRUTICETUM    BRITANNICVM. 

The  rate  of  growth  of  A.  nign  a 


I  6.  A.  (k.)  su'Bba  Pair.     The  red  Spruce  Fir,  or  Xe«fimJiamlTe<t  Pai. 

limtilkaUim.    Pair.  Din.  Encrc.  i  Dn  Rol  lUrbk^  «l.  Polt.,  I.  p.  IBS. 

SfTi.  t.f.wi.\  /tVrt  pHtiniu Lini. '         '    ' 
Sifrarnwi.    I.uilb.  Pin.,  sd.  2.,  I.t.  98.;  Wn(.  BiTt,  t.  K.  T  M.  i  mniaajjt.  IMD. 

^lec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaver  solitBry,  awl-shaped,  acuminate.  Cooa  ablcn^ 
blunt;  scaler  round,  aomeuhat  :i-lobed,  entire.  {Lamb.  Ftn.)  \£».iamt 
more  than  A^in.  loni{  ;  slightly  tetrai;onal.  Cones  about  1  in.  lDDg,iDd}ii. 
broad  i  scales  notched.  Seeds  very  small.  A  lar^e  tree.  Nora  Snxii. 
and  about  Hudson's  Bay.  Height  TO  H.  to  80  ft.  Cultivated  in  Ei^Hd 
before  1755.  Flowering  in  May,  and  ripening  its  conei  the  fotlowiag^ni^ 

Vofiety.     A.  fn.)  r.  B 
(xtrulea.  A.cmraXeai     ' 
Booth.—  Has  glau- 
cous   leaves,    and  / 

differ  from  A.  (n.)  P 

rubra   orlv  in   the  "f 

colour  of  the  cones.    T 

The  cones  are  ra-  ' 
ther  longer  and  red- 
der than  those  oK  A.  f 
nigra,  and  corered  ( 
with  resin.  Michaux  V 
says     that     the    red     ■> 

spruce  is  in  no  way  i>so.  A(n.i>«i«. 

inferior  to  the  black 

spruce  in  the  quality  of  its  timber,  which  "unites  in  the  hif^hest  d«nm1 
the  good  qualilies  that  characterise  the  speciei."  He  also  states  that,  innari 
of  being  a  low  tree,  it  Is  superior  in  size  lo 
the  black  spruce,  ns  it  generally  grows  in 
richer  soil ;  and  that  the  wood  is  reddish, 
instead  of  being  while.  In  Law^ion's  JtfanW, 
it  is  stated  that  A.  riibra  differs  essentiully 
both  from  A.  nigra  and  A.  ilba  m  all  its 
parts;  and  panicuUrly  in  its  leaves,  which 
are  more  slender  and  sharper-pointed  than 
in  either  of  these  species.  ft 

C.  AWJof  r.J  yepal.  M 

IT..^.ir«rrffOW.  TheKhutrowSpruceFir.  1 

Pinui  xioamu- B^lt  Ut.  p.SUi  fPlam  SmluiMiu  I 

I.linU.  Ptn.  Cn.  I.  p.  11.':  A,  liortuda  Hnrt.  i  Ban.  tt<£"     J. 

or  lUwo..  M  Se  Par*««  Jibuhk.  ^CXlf 

Xiwrarinfl.  Willi.  PI.  Ai.  K»r„  1.  MS  1  Rojle  HI,.  L  B(.  " 
(71.;  UHl  our  A-  IMLfromRoylnMul  Jto-Otca.  In 

Spec.  Char.,  Ac.  Leaves  compres.<ied,  tetra- 
gonal, straight,  awl-shancd,  shnrp-poinied. 
Cones  ovale^oblong ;  scales  obovate- 
Toundlsh,  coriaceous,  rigid,  smooth  on  the 
margin.  Cre^t  of  the  anthers  roundish, 
irr^larly  crcnated.  (D.  Don.)  Leave!<, 
in  Koyte's  specimen,  and  la  the  Honicul- 
tural  Society's  Garden,  from  I  in.  to  IJin-it 
figure,  6 in. long,  and  2Jia.  broad;  scale  1|in 


LXXVIt,    CONI'fER^  :    ^BIES.  1038 

breAdrli  at  the  widest  part.     Seeda  about  the  size  of  thoie  oi  the  common 

Epruce  t  with  the  wing,  Jin.  long,  nnd  jin-  broad.     A  pyramidal  drooping- 
branched  tree.     Himalayas,  in  Kamaon  and  Sinnore.    Heieht  ^Oft.    Intro- 
duced in  ISIfl.     The  tree  has  not  yet  flowered  in  England. 
Varieliei,     Dr.  Rovle  obaerves  that  the  leaves  in  his  ligure  are  much  narrower 
than  those  of  A,  Smithions  in  Wnllich's  figure;  and  that  the  plants  maf 
probably  be  different  species  or  varieties      Judging  from  the  leaves,  the  tree 
in  the  Horticultural  bociely'i  Garden  appears  to  be  Dr.  Boole's  tree. 
The  rate  of  growth  of  ihis  tree  in  British  gardens  is  almost  as  rapiil  as  that 
of  the  common  spruce,  to  which  it  bears  a  very  close  reBemblance,  but  the 
leaves  are  longer  und  paler.     It  is  readily  propagated  by  cuttings,  and  abundance 
of  seeds  have  lately  been  imported.     Some  doulits  having  been  expressed  as  to 
whether  this  pUnt  is  the  A.  Smithionn  of  Wallicb  (see  Bot.  Reg.  for  1841), 
but  none  as  to  its  being  the  P.  KhiUntu  of  Rojle,  we  have  in  this  edition 
preferred  the  latter  name. 

$  ii.    Leaves  fiat,  generaUif  glaucous  beneath,  imperfectly  ^-roioed. 

D.  Itatwti  of  Iforlh  America, 

18.^.  DofGLA's//  Lindl.     The  irident-bracted,  or  Douglas's,  Spruce  Fir. 

MrmllflcaUmi,    UcdI.  In  Pcnn.  Cjc.,  I.  p.  31.  i  rlintv  Hvtweg.  Nn.  4». 
'^n.Ti^niii'DiHigltiil  Sltdu  HS  a.  .'Lamb.' Pis.  <ol.  3.  l.'sO.i  ttas  Nmtkl  Flr.'^illll  In  Ami 

<:^.  tin.  ra. 

Caliiloillin  Ha'nkulIurlU  SkxMr'l  Gird^iuul  Qurytg.  1933. 

Spec.  Char.,  j-c.     Leaves  flat,  blunt,  entire,  pectinate,  silvery  beneath.    Cones 
ovate-oblong.     Bracteas  elongated,  linear,  3-pointed.  (£>.  Don.)     Lenvi's 
from  I  in.  to  IJ  in.  long.  Cones  from  3^  in.  to  4  in.  long,  and  Itin.  tol^in. 
broad  ;  scales,  without  the  bractea,   1^  m.  long,  and  the  same  broad  ;  with 
the  bracteu,  l}in.  in  length.     Seed,  with  the  wing,  fin.  long,  and  fin. 
broad  i  without  the  wine,  ^in.  long,  and  .^,  in.  braad.     Theseedt  are  about 
the  same  size  aa  those  of  Plcea pectinata,  but  more  oblong.     Cotjledons,  ?. 
A  tall  tree.  North-west  coast  of  North  America,  in  forests.     Height  100 1^. 
to  IbOft.     Introduced  in  19^6.     It  flowers  b  the  climate  of  I^ndon  in 
May,  and  its  conts  are  matured  in  the  June  or  July  of  the  following  year. 
Varietiei.     C-ones  or  different  sizes,  and  somewhat  different  in  the  shape  and 
size  of  the  scales,  have  been  sent  home  hy  Hartweg  and  others  ;  because, 
doubtless,  this  species  of  spruce  is  liable  to  vary  as  well  as  every  other ; 
and  the  slightest  variation  in  any  species  of  plant  which  is  compuruliveiy 
rare  is  immediately  constituted  a  named  variety.     Only  one  variety,  that  we 
have  heard  of,  deserves  notice. 
1  A.  2>.  2  laiijoda.  —  Mtem  :md  nide  branches  sinugtit  (  while  id  A. 
Dougla™   they   are   always,     ..,_^_^ 
whtn  young,  more  or  less  in       ^^^Oi     ^  ■ 

B   zigzag    direction,   thouith  "-^J-^^      1 

they      become      eventually  ^'^^^  I 

straight.     Leaves  twice  (he  I 

length  of  those  of  A.  Dou-  | 

glusit,  and  of  a  much  deeper 
green.  Fig.  1932.  is  from  a 
specimen  and  a  sketeh  re- 
ceived from  Mr.  M'Nub, 
hhowing  the  foliage  and 
manner  of  bninchiiig  of  A. 
Douglusti  in  the  Caledonian 
Horticultural  Society's  Gar- 
den, and  which  corresponds 
exactly  with  the  trees  of  this 
name  in  cheChiswickGarden  int.  .i.tLtuHau 


ARBORETUM    ET   rRVTICBTtlH   BRITANHICUH. 

and  at  Dropmore.  Pig. 
1933.  u  from  a  sketdk  of 
the  mode  of  ramtficatioa 
■od  of  the  foliage  of  a 
tree  named  A,  faxiftdia  m 
the  Edinb.  Bot.  Garden, 
raised  rrom  seeds  received 
from  the  late  Ur.  71m. 
Drummoiul,  after  the  arctic 
expedhioo.  It  is.  Mr.H- 
Nab  otuerres,  an  upH^it- 

Cwing  tree ;  and,  «itfa  iti 
g  and  dark  leaTci,  lerj 
distinct  from  alJ  the  apeci- 
mens  of  A.   Douglas  be 

nical  tree,  with  a  nidged  greyish  brown  bark,  front  6  in.  to  9  ii. 
thick,  and  abounding  in  balsamic  resin.  Learea  somewhat  pedjiwle  and 
spreading  narrow-Unear,  obtuse  on  the  margin  and  apex,  quite  entire,  flat  i 
dark  green  above,  marked  on  the  middle  with  a  depressed  line,  and  icAtttj 


A  large  c( 


_  ',  obtuse  on  the  margin  and  apex,  quite  entire,  flat  i 

ark  green  above,  marked  on  the  middle  with  a  depressed  line,  and  icAtttj 
beneath  i  I  in.  long.  The  bark,  in  young  trees,  has  iH  receptacles  filled  with  a 
clear  ydiow  renin,  in  the  name  nuinner  as  that  of  the  balm  of  Gilead ;  and 
the  bark  of  old  trees  is  said  to  make  excellent  fiiel.  The  timber  ia  henj, 
firm,  with  few  knots,  about  the  same  yellow  colour  as  that  of  the  yew,  and 
not  in  the  least  liable  to  warp.  The  rate  of  growth  of  this  tree,  in  the  cUcaMc 
of  London,  appears  to  be  nearly  as  great  as  that  of  the  common  n>riice;  bat, 
as  it  has  a  tendency  to  send  out  a  profusion  of  side  branches,  it  does  not 
increase  in  height  so  much  as  it  does  in  width  and  bushinesa, 
}  S.  A.  MENZiB'srr  Douglas.    Menzies's,  or  the  warled-inrKciint,  Spruce  Fk. 


br  Doufiu. 

Spec.  Char.,  4c. 
Leaves  acute, 
flat  ;  silvery  be- 
neath, turned  in 
every  direction. 
Cones  cylindri-  | 
cal ;  scales  scari- 

the  margin.  (D. 
Dim.)  Leaves 
Jin. long.  Cones 
from  8}  in.  to 
3  in.  long,  and 
from  1  in.  to  U  in. 
broad;  scaler  j  in. 
long,  and  f  in. 
broad.  Seed  very 
small,  scarcely 
i  in.  long  (  with 
the   wing,    J  in. 


LXXVIt.    CONfFEBA:    ^'bIEB.  1085 

long.     A  tall  tree.     North  of  Culirornia.     Hoghc,?.     Intnxluced  in  1831. 

There  are  onl;  bidbII  plants  in  BricLh  gardenx. 

A  tree  vith  the  general  appearance  of  A.  DougUad'.  Branches  Bod  branchlets 
tuberuled.  Buda  ovate,  acute,  covered  with  resin.  Leaves  turned  in  eveiy 
direction,  resupinate  from  being  twisted  at  the  base,  linear,  mucronulate,  in- 
curved ;  lilvery  beneath,  artkulated  wiih  ao  elevated  tubercle,  very  short, 
not  more  than  Sin.  long,  rigid,  rather  sharp-pointed,  and  very  soon  falling  off 
the  dried  epecimens.  Cones  pendulous,  cylindrical.  Sin.  long.  Only  a  very 
few  plantB  of  A.  Menli^  were  raised  in  the  HonicultursI  Society's  Garden 
in  the  year  1S38  ;  so  that  the  ipecies  is  at  present  extremely  rare  in  this 
country.  Readily  propagated  by  cuttings. 
t   10.  A.  canide'nsis  Mickr.     The  Canada  Pine,  or  Hemlock  Spruce  Fir. 

Itchi.  N.  AnKT.  Sri..  ».  p,  lU. 

laoHltiull  i,M.  ^.PlAai.i  P.vnfrMiia  D*  Sal Harbk.  «1.  Pott.  ).  D,  III.. 

1  Cue.  Ho.  ».i  p.  J'Uh  UKrMnI  Man*.  Art.  Jhntr.   p.  lOL    PsnUH,  la  tb 
lu  CuikU.  a-.  I  ScblnllDfi  ncbu.  Otr. 

_...,,.    t.  1.  1.  41.  (  MlcJilL  N.  Anur.  E]rl  ,  (  I.  l«.  ;  V.  Du  Hm..  fc  t.  tS. 

.<  theptalHorillUtlHbl  Arb.  Bril.,  IK«dlt.,iDl.>IU.  ;  mud  our  V  )3». 

Spec,  Char,  S^c.  Leaves  solitary,  flat,  slightly  denticulate,  obtuse,  two.raQlted. 
Cones  oval,  terminal,  pendent,  naked,  scarcely  longer  than  the  leaves. 
Leaves  fromf  in,  to  Jb.  long,  and  A-in.  broud.  Cones  from  ^  in.  to  J  in. 
long,  and  {in.  broad;  scales  round-oblong,  Jin.  long,  and  |  in.  broad. 
Seed  very  small,  scarcely  ^  in.  long  ;  and  with  the  wing,  }  in.  long.  A  tall 
tree  in  America,  in  Enfiland  of  middle  nze.  Canada  to  Carolina,  on  the 
btgheat  raountuns.  Height  60ft.  to  80ft.  rarely  lOOft.  Introduced  in 
I T36.  It  flowers  in  May  and  June,  and  its  cones  are  matured  in  the  June 
of  the  following  year. 


The  hemlock  spruce,  in  Etirope,  is  a  most  elegant  tree,  from  the  lyipm^ 
tri cat  disposition  of  its  branches,  which  droop  gracefully  at  (heir  extremities, 
and  its  light,  and  yet  tufted,  foliage.  When  the  tree  is  young,  the  brenchea 
are  quite  pendulous,  and  remarkably  el^ant^  The  rate  ofgrowth,  in  the 
climate  of  London,  is  rather  kIow  ;  but  plants,  in  10  J^ears,  will  attain  the 
height  of  6  or  Sfeet;  and,  in  80  years,  of  15  or  SO  feet.  The  wood  of  the  bcm- 
lo^  qmice  is  lesa  valuable  than  that  of  any  other  of  the  lar^te  resinous  treea 
of  N(^  Am  .fica ;  but  the  bark  is  inestimable,  in  that  country,  for  the  pur- 


1036  ARBORETUM    ET    FRyTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

poses  of  the  tanner.  In  England,  the  hemlock  spruce  fonus  one  ot  the  meet 
ornamental  of  the  lir  fainily ;  being  among  neeille-leaved  evergreen  treet  «lnt 
the  veeping  willow  is^mong  the  willows.  As  it  bears  the  Knife;  and  bei- 
trcmely  hardy,  it  might  be  employed  as  hedges  ;  for  which  purpose  it  is  ned 
in  the  American  nurseries,  along  with  the  T^t^a  occidentslis.  Seeda  aie 
annually  imported,  and  even  produced  by  old  trees  in  this  couatry. 
E.  Kalh-e  of  Xrpal. 
i   1 1.  /I.  ouHo'si.   The  bushy  J/pne  Spruce  Fir. 


S/icc.  Char.,  lSt.    Leaves  solilary,  linear, 
obtu<e,  mostly  on  one  aide  of  the 

lated.  Cones  ovate,  tenninal,  soli- 
tary j  bracteolea  wedge-shaped,  pli- 
cate, emarginste,  glabrous.  (^Larni.) 
Leaves  J  in.  long.  Cones,  scales, 
and  seMS  scarcely  different  from 
those  of  A.  canadensis.  A  dense 
and  very  bushy  tree,  with  the  ap- 

Sarance  of  A.  canadensis.     Ne|>al. 
eij;ht  TO  ft.  to  80  lY.   Introd.  \ft38.  lui.  ^t^t^ 

Other  Spedet  of  A'biet, — A.  Mffrlemiina  Bong,  and  A.  olchcnMu  Bong,  are 
mentioned  by  M.  Bongaril  in  his  observations  on  the  Island  of  Sitcha,  on  the 
west  coast  of  North  America,  in  N.  lat.  ST",  as  indigenous  there.  The  aia6t 
is  quoted  in  the  Annalct  da  Sdcncet  Nalvreliri,  iA  eer.,  torn.  iiL  p.  tSi.: 
but  no  description  is  given.  A.  Iri^brta,  A.  hctnvp/iylla.  A,  annmdtica,  i. 
TUKToph^ila,  A.  obUquata,  and  A,JalaUa  are  mentioned  by  RaGnesque  as  hang 
found  in  the  Oregon  country  ;  but,  as  he  gives  no  dencription  of  these  tnta, 
it  is  uncertain  whether  they  belong  to  Abies  or  Picea.  The  same  otMorratiaDS 
will  apply  to  A.  Atrlilla  Humboldt  et  Kunth  Nov.  Gen.  et  Sp.  Plant.  pLi. 
p.  5.,  of  which  nothing  is  known  either  of  the  flowers  or  cones ;  to  A. 
JTainfiferu  and  A.  TAanber^,  mentioned  by  Thunberg  ;  and  to  A.  Mdrm.  A. 
Torano.and  A.  Ararap,  enumerated  by  Sieboldt  in  Vrrhmut.Batao.C 
xii.  p.  13.,  as  quoted  in  Pai.  Ci/e. 

Genus  III. 


Gai.  Char.  The  same  as  in  /"inus  and  ^^bies,  but  dilfering  in  having  the  «« 
erect.  Strobile  cylindrical,  with  its  caipeis  not  thickened  at  the  tip.  Bo( 
carols  and  bracteas  separate  from  the  axis  of  the  strobile.  The  leavei  ir 
obviously  S-raoked  in  direction. 


LXXVII.    CONl'FER^:    Pi'CEA.  1037 

Leaves  simple,  2- ranked,  exstipulate,  evergreen;  linear.  Flowers  yellowish. 
— Trees,  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America,  generally  .in  regions 
more  temperate  than  those  in  which  the  species  of  spruce  abound.  Re- 
markable for  the  regularity  and  symmetry  of  their  pyramidal  heads ;  readily 
distinguished  from  the  genus  ^'bies,  by  their  leaves  being  more  decidedly 
in  two  rows  ;  by  their  cones  being  upright,  and  having  the  scales  deciduous*; 
and  by  the  seeds  being  irregular  in  form.  The  nucleus  of  the  seed  is  ex- 
posed at  the  inner  angle,  through  a  considerable  opening  in  the  outer  testa, 
as  if  the  jimcdon  of  the  two  sides  had  been  ruptured  by  the  rapid  enlarge- 
ment of  the  nucleus.  (Z>.  Don.')  In  Britain,  with  the  exception  of  P. 
pectinkta,  they  are  solely  to  be  considered  as  ornamental  trees. 

The  species  in  British  gardens  may  be  thus  arranged  :  — 

A.     Natives  of  Europe,  Siberia,  and  the  North-west  of  Ana, 

1.  pectinata.  3.  Pinsdpo,  5.  Pichta. 

2.  cephal6nica.        4.  Nordmanniana. 

B.     Natives  of  North  America, 
6.  balsamea.  7.  Fraseri. 

C.     Natives  of  CaJiforrUa, 
8.  grftndis.        9.  amdbilis.         10.  ndbilis.        11.  bracteata. 

D.     Natives  of  Mexico, 
12.  religiosa.  13.  hirtella. 

E.     Natives  of  Nepal. 
14.  Wehbidna.  15.  Pindrow, 


A.  Natives  of  Europe,  Siberia,  and  the  North-west  of  Asia, 
1  1.  P.  PECTIN a't A.  The  Comh-Mke^eaved  Silver  Fir. 


indl.  In  Fenn.  Lye.  mo  l. ;  a.  exceua  i^nut  jionana.^  «c.,  janr  id'^/,  p.  im. ;  dpamsn  rir ;  sapm 
commun,  Saptn  I  FeuIUet  d'lf,  Sapia  blanc,  Sapin  argent^  Sapin  en  Peigne,  Sapin  de  Noraiandie, 
Fr. ;  welM  Tanne,  EdelUnne,  Ger. ;  Abete  argentino,  Ital. 
Enrraeing*.    Lamb.  Pin.,  ed.  S.,  1.  t  40. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  5.  t.  89. ;  the  plate  of  this  species  in  Arb. 
Brit.,  1st  edit.,  toL  Till ;  our  Jig.  1939.  of  the  natural  sixe,  asidfig.  193S.  to  oar  usual  scale. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  solitary,  flat,  obtuse  ;  2'ranked,  with  their  points 
turned  up.  Cones  axillary,  cylindrical,  erect ;  scales  with  a  long  dort>al 
bractea.  Anthers  with  a  short  crest,  with  two  teeth.  Buds  short,  egg- 
shaped,  blunt ;  of  a  reddish  yellow,  with  from  16  to  20  blunt  scales.  Leaves 
from  ^  in.  to  1  in.  long,  stiff,  turned  up  at  the  points ;  of  a  shining  dark 
green  above,  and  with  two  lines  of  silvery  white  on  each  side  of  the  midrib 
beneath.  Cones  from  6 in.  to  Sin.  long,  and  from  l^in.  to 2 in.  broad  ; 
cylindrical ;  green  when  young,  afterwards  reddish,  and  when  ripe  brown. 
Scale  i'm.  to  l^in.  long,  and  IJin.  broad.  Seeds  variously  angular,  fin. 
long,  and  Y^in.  broad.  Cotyledons  5,  A  lofry  tree.  Central  Europe, 
andthe  West  and  Nortii  of  Asia ;  rising  on  mountains  to  the  commence- 
ment of  the  zone  of  the  Scotch  pine.  Height  80  fr.  to  100  ft.,  rarely  150  ft. 
Introduced  in  1603.  The  blossoms  appear  in  May,  and  the  cones  are  ma- 
tured in  the  October  of  the  following  year. 

Varieties, 

1  P.  I>.  2  tortuosa  Booth. — ^Branches  and  branchlets  remarkably  twisted 

or  crooked. 
f  P.  p.  Sfoiiis  variegdtis,  —  Leaves  variegated. 
1  P.  p.  4  cinerea.   Plnus  Picea  cinerea  Baum,  Cat.  ed.  1835. — A  low 

plant  with  greyish  bark,  not  yet  introduced. 

The  silver  fir  is  the  noblest  tree  of  its  genus  in  appearance,  and  the  only 
species  worthy  of  cultivation  in  Britain  for  its  timber.    The  rate  of  growth 


1038  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

of  the  tree  u  hIow  when  young,  but 
r^td  after  it  has  attained  the  age  ol 
10  or  IB  yEors,  Cone*  with  fertile 
seeds  are  seldom  produced  before  the 
tree  has  attained  its  40th  year ;  though 
cones  without  seeds  often  appear  be- 
fore half  that  period  has  ela{»ed.  The 
female  catkins  are  often  produced  for 
yean  together,  without  anj'  males  ap- 
pearing on  the  same  tree.  Young 
trees  are  apt  to  lose  their  leaders  by 
very  severe  spring  frosts;  and,  hence, 
we  frequently  find  old  diver  firs  with 


colour  is  whitish.  The  grain  is  irre- 
gular, as  the  fibres  which  compose  it 
are  putly  white  and  tender,  and  partlv 
yellow,  or  fawn-coloured,  and  hard. 
The  narrower  the  white  lines  u 


i  carpentry 
sts  of  small 


'e  beautiful  and  solid  is  the  grain 
of  the  wood.  The  wood  of  a  tree  80 
years  old  weighs  661b.  14  oi.  |jer 
cubic  foot  green,  and  41  lb.  5  ot.  when 
dry ;  while  that  of  a  tree  40  years  old 
weighs  only  37  lb.  9  oz.  when  dry.  It 
■brinks  considerably  iu  drying,  like  all 
white  woods.     It  is  used  for  planks 

3'  of  alt  kinds,  for    the 
I  vessels,  for  joists  and 
and  for  building   the  boats 
used  for  navigating  rivers.     It  ia  said 
to  endure  a  long  time  when  used  as 

liles,  and  to  be  much   employed   in 

iolland  for  that  purpose.  Prom  the 
resin  of  this  tree  are  manufactured 
Strasburg  turpentine,  colophony,  and 

white  pitch.   The  silver  fir,  like  nil  the  '•*■  'i'""" 

other  Abiitnue,  will  attain  a  lar^  size 

OD  soils  of  a  very  opposite  descnption  i  but  a  loam,  rather  rich  and  dec}i  ilua 
otherwise,  uipears  to  suit  it  best.  The  diver  fir  requires  a  low  ihuation. 
comparatively  with  the  Bpruce  fir,  not  bdng  nearly  so  hardy  as  that  tree,  eabcr 
when  in  the  nursery  or  full  grown.  The  cones,  which  are  produced  in  (ten- 
dance in  Britain,  are  apt  to  shed  thdr  seeds  in  spring;  theyou^t  tobegttheml 
fa]  Octi^Kf  or  Noveniber,  and  kept  in  a  dry  place  till  the  aowu^  aaaott.    Tbc 


pil 
H< 


Lxxvii.  coni'fer*:  pi'cea.  1039 

seeds  may  be  eaeWy  lepBratetl  from  them  by  a  very  slight  exposure  to  the  sun, 
and  then  by  thrashing  them,  without  having  recourse  to  the  kihi.  The  seeds 
should  be  sown,  according  to  Sanii,  in  March,  and  at  such  a  distance  as  to 
bIIov  the  plants  to  rise  I  in.  apart  t  and  the  covering,  he  says,  should  he  « 
full  inch  thick.  When  the  plants  are  2  years  old,  they  may  be  transplanted 
into  nursery  lines  ;  and,  after  being  i  years  in  that  ^tuation,  they  may  either 
be  agun  transplanted  in  the  nursery,  to  a  greater  distance  apart,  or  removed 
to  where  they  are  Enally  to  remain. 

t  2.  P.  (p.)  CEPBILO'MCA.     The  Cephalonian  Silver  Fir. 


^tec.  Char.,  ^c.     Cones  erect.     Leaves  suliulate,  flat ;    dark   green  above, 
and  silvery  beneath  ;  tapering  from  the  base  to  the  summit,  which  terminates 
in  a   sharp  spine.    Petioles  very  short,  dilated 
lengthwise  at  the  point  of  their  attiichment  to 
the  branches  i  the  dilated  part  of  a  much  lighter 
t  of  the  leaf.     Scales  of  the 


s  closely  resembling  those  of  P.  pecti 
ee.     Cephaloni<\,  on  the  Black  Mountain, 
litest  point  of  which  is  the  Mount  Enos 


oftheanciciiis,bttween  4000ft.  and  5OO0  ft.  above  the  sea.     Height  50  ft. 

to  60  ft.     Introduced  in  18^4.. 

The  bristle-pointed  leaves  and  dilated  petioles  of  young  plants  render  the 
Ccpha'ouian  fir  very  distinct  in  appearance  from  the  common  silver  fir,  but 
we  doubt  tery  mucR  if  it  can  be  considered  a  different  species  i  it  is,  however, 
at  all  events,  a  marked  and  most  beautiful  variety.  J^.  1  MO.  is  a  portrait  of 
one  of  the  branches  of  this  tree,  imported  by,H.  L.  Long,  Esq.,  of  Hampton 
Lodge,  Surrey,  to  whom  the  seeds  were  hrat  sent  &om  Cephalonia  by  General 


:TUM  BRITANNICUIL 


LXXVII.  coni'feb^:   PI'CEA. 


Sir  C.  J.  Napier.  Fig.  1943.  ia  a  cone  ot 
the  nalural  size  -.  Jig.  \9^\.  scales  and  seed* 
of  the  natural  size ;  ^£.  1914.  tennin&t  bud> 
of  the  natural  size;  an' 
jfff.  IMS.  a  seedling  plan  , 
of  the  nalural  siie  just 
emerged  from  the  soil.  A 
iMj.  r.  ip  J  caphaiMca.  great    quantity  of   cones 

have  been  lately  imported,  and  this  Gr  ia  now  extensively 

distributed. 


Spfc.  Char.,  ilfc.  Leaves  disposed  around  the  branches, 
rrom  3  to  5  lines  Ion",  nearly  terete,  and  entire  at  (he 
apex.  Coneaovate,  with  the  bnicta  concealed  hy  the  scale* 
or  carpels,  end  much  ahorter    than  these  are.   {Bin.) 


A  tree.  Sierra  de  la  Nieve, 
and  on  other  mountHins  be- 
tween Ronda  and  Mulat's, 
3500  ft.  above  the  level  of  the 
sea.  Height  &>  ft.  to  70  ft. 
Introduced  in  lHa9,  by  seeds, 
which  have  been  extensively 
distributed.  {Gard.  Mng.) 
Apparently   a   variety  of  the 


1044  ARBORETUM    £T    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUU. 

furests ;   towardu  an  elevation  at  6872  ft.,  it  gradually  becomei  more  nre. 
H«)^t  30  ft.  to  50  (t.     Introduced  in  1820. 

It  diSers  from  a  silver  fir  chiefly  in  having  the  leaves  closer  »et  od  tlie 

branches,  and  not  so  silvery  beneath.    Professor  Don  suspects  it  to  be  oolv  tlie 

Siberian  variety  of  Picea  pectinata,  which  nuiges  from  the  Atlaalic  to  tbe  Pacific. 

fi.  Naiiva  of  North  Amenra. 

I  6.  P.  balsa'mea.     The  Balm  of  Gilead,  or  Americm,  Silver  Er. 

£!![iln  '^mU-'r'ilc  OiLM,  Ft.  ;  Bilui^Flchu.  uluia 
Zi^rnTiwi.    itmtt  Pln.,01.  1.,  i.t.41.  t%;  Mich.  N. 

Spec.  Char.,  4^.  Leaves  solitary,  silvery 
beneath,  apex  emargioate  or  entire ; 
somewhat  recurved,  and  spreading.  Cones 
cjlindrical,  violet-coloured  ;  and  pointing 
upwards.  {Midix.)  Leaves  }  In.  long. 
Cunes  4  in.  to  4^  in. 
lone,  and  ^  in.  broad; 
BCLUes  from  Jin.  lo 
Sin.  broad, and  fin. 
long.  Seed,  with  the 
wing,  t  in.  long,  and 
,  f  in.  broad.  Seed 
i  verysmall,  irr^ularj 
k  about  half  the  size 
)  of  that  of  the  com- 

tyledons,?  A  treel 
Canada,  Nova  Scotia,  New  England,  and 
on  the  Alleghany  mountains,  in  high  and 
cold  situations.  Height  20  ft.  to  30  ft., 
rarely  40ft.  Introduced  in  1696.  Flow- 
ering in  May,  and  ripening  its  cones  in 
ihe  autumn  following. 

i  P.  4.  2   lonffifUlia  Booth.  —  Leaves 

longer  than  in  the  species,  with  the 
branrhts  somewhut  more  upright, 

A  pyramidal  tree,  isu  f-tiiii'n 

)   general  appear- 

nce  resembling  the  silver  6r  of  Europe ;  but  sddoD 

found,  even  in  Amerifs,  above  20  or  30  feet  in  boiH 

more  than  the  same  number  of  years  Is 

duration.      The  rate  of  growth,  in  the  climate  al 

London,  is  rather  more  rapid  than  that  of  the  tilMi 

>  fir,  the  tree  attaining!  the  height   of   10}  ft.  in  m 

many  years,  and  arriving  at  maturity  in  *0  or  U 

fears  ;  soon  after  which  it  dies.     Seeds  are  ^encnljf 

i>H.  r.  hUit»».  imported,  and  cones  are  sometimes  ripened  in  iw 

country, 
t   7.   P.  (b.)  Fra'sbra    Fraser's,  or  Uie  dnubU  BaUan,  Silvtr  Fir. 

*i>i!^i'iiidi"in'pfm''c  """n   "■  *""'■  ^^"  *■  "*  ^■'  '■*"''■  ""■  *^'  *■  '•'-"!'"'" 
"-urimiMj.    Umli  Pin.,  (d.  L,  1. 1.  «.  ■.•aitatfin.  IMe,  l»7. 


•*^i 


LXXVII.    CON|'fEH«:    Pl'cEA. 


1045 


is  unnecen<arj  to  describe 
it.  Pursh  found  it  on  high 
n  Carolina,  re- 


«fy,  obcordate,  mucronate,  half^xaened' 
^  closely  rewuibling  the  preceding  kind,  that  it 


respects. 


"eS'^^n'd^tli'e.'^'-  \*'""V  'TI.'*'  "^"^  -he  leave,  shorter  and 
more  erect,  and  the  con«  not  one  fourth  the  size.     Introduced  in  1811 
The  original   tree  ia   in  the   Hammersmith 

NurBery,  where,  jn   1837.  it   tras    15  ft.  high 

and  had,  for  two   or  three  yeara,    produced 

conea,  but  no  male  catkins.  This  last  circum- 
stance has  given  rise"  to  the  idea  that  the  male 

and   female  are   produced   by  different  trees, 

which  IS  exceedingly  improbable.      Propaeaied 

by  cuttmgs,  "^^ 

C.  NaHve,  of  CaUfomia. 
i  a.  P.  GRA'NDia.     The  great  Silver  Fir. 

*^Ki'i  PhS'.^ol!m•^.,!i!lt;  i»f  ■Sd"^  "^ 

Spec.  Char.,  gfc.  Leavea  flat,  obtuse,  emargi-' 
liate.  pectinate,  silvery  beneath.  Cones 
cyllndncal  ;  bractcolea  ovate,  acuminate  ir- 
regularly tlentalc,  very  short.  (D.  Don  ) 
Leaves   from   j  in.  to   1  in.  long.      Cones.  I 


acCOTding  to  Lambert,  64  in.  long,  and  31  in 
broad,  but  in  Douglas'a  spedmens  the 
largest  conea  are  only  3^  in.  I^g,  and  2  in. 
broad,  the  othera  being  much  amaller.  Scale 
J  >".  long,  and  J  in.  broad.    Seed  amall  1  with 


ARBORETUM    ET    FROTICETUM    BRITAKNICUM. 

the  wing  Jtn.  long,  and  )  in.  broid. 
A  noble  tree.     Northern  Califoni", 
in  low  moist  vnllevs,  where  it  altiiia 
the  height  of  20O'ft.     Introduced  ia 
1831,  and  as  yet  rare  in  England. 
A  noble  tree,  akin  to  F.  balsiiD^ 
with  a  brown  burk.     Leares  pectinate 
and  spreadina,  linear,  roundish  at  ihe 
apei,  fimarginate,  callous  on  the  marpn. 
qnile  entire  ;  green  and  ihining  shore, 
silvery  benealh,  somewhat  dilated  to- 
wards the  apexi    1  in.  long.      Co«i 
lateral  solitary,  cvlindric«l,obtusf,verj 
similar  to  those  of  P.  Cedrus,  but  lireo. 
6  in.  long,  of  a  chestnut-brown  coloni. 
Scales  iransTerse,  very  broad,  Uioelli- 
form,  deciduous,  stalked,  incwred  m 
the    margin,    much   sliorter  than  the 
scales.  Seeds  oblong,  with  a  coriKwa 
testa,  and  a  very  broad  wing. 


■ni-AW..      Onr  A'-  I 


Sb«.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  fiat, 
obtuse,  entire.  Cones  cy- 
lindrical :  bracteoles  very 
short,  pointed.  Stales  tri- 
angulnr  \  the  upper  margin 
rounded,  entire.  Leaves, 
on  Douglis's  specimen, 
IJ  In.  long;  and  on  the 
young  plant  in  the  Horti- 
cultund  Sodety's  Garden, 


}  m.  long^  Cones  6  in. 
long,  and  2J  in,  broad. 
Scales  U  in.  broad,  and 
about!}  in.  long.  Seed, 
with  the  wing,  I  in.  long; 


LXXVII.    COMI'fERJB:    Pl'CEA.  1047 

wing  (  in.  broad.  The  cone  in  Douglaa's  specimen  i«  about  twice  as 
liiree  aa  those  sent  home  by  him  of  P.  grandis,  and  the  leaves  are 
entire,  instead  or  bang  emarginate;  but,  in  other  respecli,  we  liave  been 
quite  unable  lo  discover  any  difTerence,  eiiher  between  (be  dried  specimens 
or  the  young  plants,  wocihy  of  bring  conHidcred  speciBc.  The  coiics  were 
sent  home  by  Douglas  in  1B3I,  without  anyfurther  infonnation  than  the 
name.  As  there  are  young  plants  in  the  Chiswick  (iarden,  all  thai  is  here 
said  must  be  consida^d  as  proviaiona],  till  these  plants  have  shown  Home 
characteristic  features  by  which  they  may  be  either  distinguished  from,  or 
assodatU  with,  other  special. 

t   10.  P.  no'bilis.     The  noble,  or  large-hracted.  Silver  Fir. 

Iimimfma.  Pbiiu  niSblUt  Doat.  US..  Ijmb.  Jtm.  t.  lut  lif.f  A.  ntblOt  UmU.  In  Ptnuf  IV-  No.  I. 
Entrattitgi.  Lunh.  Pin.  Icon. ;  and  out  Jgi.  1983.  iwriiG).,  rram  Dooglu-i  qHctmnu  io  Iha 
barburlun  gf  ih«  Hoctlcultunl  Sodglf. 

Spec.    Char.,    ^. 
Leaves    mostly 

the  branches, 
falcate,  short, 
acute,  silvery 
beneath.  Cones 
cyhndrical;  the 
braiteoles  elon- 

Gted,  spathu- 
e,  gnawed, 
and  imbricated 
backwards.  {D, 
Don.)  Leaves 
]}  in.  long. 
Cone  6^tn.  long, 

broad.       Scale  K 

triangular  with-  f\ 

out  the  bractea,  "11 

l^in.  long,  and  III 

the     same     in  /// 


with  the  wing, 
Uin.  in  length. 
Wing  |in.  broad 
in  die  widest 
part.  Cotyle- 
dons, ?.  A 

Northern  Cali-. 
fomia,  fomiing 
vast  forests  on 
the  mountains. 
Height,  ?.  lij. 
troduced  in 
IS31,  and  Ten 
rare  in  firitisn 
gardens. 
Leaves  crowd- 
ed, 2-rowed,linear, 


1048 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


fiklcate,  for  the  most  part  aciite,  compressed 
trigonal ;  flat  above,  marked  with  a  depressed 
line  i  silvery  beneath  ;  scarcely  1  in.  long. 
Cones  solitBrj>,  lateral,  cylindrical,  thick,  , 
broirnish  i  6  in.  to  T  in.  long,  and  8  in.  to  9  in.  in  \ 
circumierence  ;  icaies  I amellil'omi,  stipulate,  co- 
pioa'il)'  covered  with  minute  down  ;  incurved, 
and  quite  entire  on  the  margin.  Bracteolrs 
much  exserted,spiithulute,ailpre!iBtd  backwards, 
imbricated  ;  lajiiinte  dilated,  membrBnaceous  ; 
points  elongated,  awl-«liaped,  rigid.  Seeds 
oblong,  with  a  coriaceous  testa  i  wing  broad,  iga   -   -- 

axe- shaped,  thinly  mcmbranHCeous,  pale-co- 
loured ;  nearly  allied  to  P.  Fritseri,  but  with  cones  five  times  as  laife. 
(Lamb.)  According  to  Douglas  (Comp.  Sot.  Mag,,  ii  p.  I4T.J,  tbis  ia  ■ 
majestic  tree,  furining  vast  forests  upon  the  mountains  of  Northern  California, 
and  producing  timber  of  excellent  quality.  "  I  spent  three  weeks  in  a  form 
composed  of  this  tree,"  he  sap,  "  and,  day  by  day,  could  not  cease  to  admire  it.' 
1  li.  P.  bructha'ta.  The imJir-bracted  Silver  Fu-. 
lodn^u  Bat,  Mat. 


Lxxvii.  coni'perje:  pi'cea.  1049 

ITiifnni^,    Lamb.  Pts.,  1. 1.  91.  i  ud  oatjtg.  19G4.  IVom  Lambert. 

Syec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  S-roved,  linear,  mucronate,  flat,  silvery  beneath. 

Cones  ovate,     firacceolea  3-lobed  ;  the  niiJdle  division  very  long,  leaf-like, 

recurved.  (D,  JJon.)     Cones  4  in.  lung,     Bractea  nearly  i  m.  long.  Leaves 

Sin.  long.  A  large  tree.    California.    Height  ISI  ft.  Discovered  by  Dougia* 

in  1833,  and  about  the  same  period  by  Dr.  Coulter,  but  not  yet  introduceJ. 

The  trunk  rises  to  the  height  of  120  ft.;  is  vei?  slender,  not  exceeding  2h. 

in  circumference ;  and  as  straight  oi  an  arrow.     The  upper  third  of  the  tree  is 

clothed  with  branches,  giving  it  the  appearance  of  an  elongated  pyramid.   The 

Ivanches  are  spreading  ;  the  lower  ones  are  decumbent.    The  bracteu  are  low 

and  recurved,  and  but  little  chanf^ed  from  the  ordinary  leaves,  which  gives  the 

cones  a  singular  appearance.     When  on  the  tree. -being  in  great  clusters,  and 

4t  a  great  height  wilhol,  the  cones  resemble  the  inflorescence  of  a  Banktio. 

D.   Native!  of  Make. 

I   12.  F.  RBLiGio'sA.     The  sBcred  Ateieican  Silver  Fir. 


^lec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  linear, 
acute,  quite  entire,  somewhat 
pectinate.  Cones  roundish- 
oval  t  scales  trapezoideo-cor- 
date,  lamelliform  ;  bracteoles 
the  length  of  the  scales,  spathu- 
late-oblong,  sharply  Jentato- 
serrate;  wings  of  the  seed 
plicate,  (i).  Don.)  Leaves 
J  J  in.  long.  Cones  2J^in.  long, 
and  2i  in.  broad.  ISeed  small 
and   irregular.      Cotyledons,  ?. 

A  tall  tree.     Mexico,  on  the  im  r.nap-^ 

mouotuns    of  Anganguco,    at 
8000  or  9000 feet  above  the  sea.  Height  100  fi.  to  150ft.,  with  a  trunk  5ft 


1050 


ARBORETUM    £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


I9e7.  ^.NiiffibM. 

to  6  ft.  in  diameter.     Introduced  in  1839,  by  seeds  sent  to  the  Hortknl- 
tural  Society  by  Hartweg. 

Easily  recognised  from  every  other  species  of  siWer  fir  by  the  shortness  of 
itH  cones,  which,  in  form  and  structure,  bear  a  marked  resemblance  to  tbo« 
of  the  cedar  of  Lebanon,  ahhough  they  are  considerably  smaller.  From  tiie 
elevated  situation  on  which  the  tree  grows,  there  can  be  little  doubt  of  its 
proving  perfectly  hardy  in  Britain. 

t  13.  P.  hirte'lla.     The  hairy  Pine. 

This  species,  which  is  the  A^b\ea  hirtella  LindL  in  Perm.  Cyc.  No.  1 1.,  Pions 
hirt^lla  Humb.  et  Knnth  1.  c.  has  the  yoimg  branches  covered  with  hairs. 
Leaves  arranged  in  2  rows,  flat,  acute,  glaucous  beneath  :  about  I  \  in.  lon^. 


LXXVII.    CONl'FEILfi:   Pl'CEA.  1051 

Flnweni  and  cones  unknown.  Found  on  the  mountain!  of  Mexico,  at  an  ele- 
vation of  8000  or  dOOOfeet.  Alow  tree,  from  18  ft.  to  80ft.lii^;  not  yet 
introduced. 

E.  Ifathei  of  NepaL 
1   14.  P.  WkbbM'wa    Webb'spurplf-coiKii  Silver  Fir. 

Smimrmri.    P\axa  Webb<*n>  Will.  Id  LItl..  Lunh.  Pin    rd. «.  2.  I.  At.  ;  P.  ipectibltli   L<imi. 
Moftot.  1.  f.  3.  I  3. ;  ^'bl«  WfWHJu  Uarll.  la  feiu.  Cjc.  Ns.  T..  BOfls  IlluU.  i  Ctallrgw,  ud 

£i^a>A«j.  'Limb.  Flil.,id.  l.,l.(t.  ;  UoDDg.,  1.  1. 1. 1  uidourJVLl9GS.  ud  t»G$, 

Spet,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  2-rovied,  lineur,  flat,  obtusely  emarijinate,  silvery 
beneath.  Conea  cylindrical  ;  ncalea  kidney- shaped,  roundish ;  bracteoles 
oblong,  apiculate.  (Z).  Don.)  Buds  round,  pointless,  thiclcly  covered  with 
a  yellow  rewn,  by  which  alone  the  tree  may  be  readily  distinguished  from 
every  olher  species  of  /^cco.  Cones  from  6^  in.  to  Tin.  lun^,  and  above 
2in.  broad.  Leavea  of  young 
plants,  in  the  Horticultunil 
Society's  Garden,  from  1^  in. 
to2^in.lang.  Scale  ubuve  1  in. 
lonfi.and  Ijin.  broad.  Seeds, 
with  the  wing,  j  in.  long  g 
,  wing  }  in.  broad  in  the  widest 
part.  Seeds -^  in.  long,  and 
^in.  broad.  In  general  they 
are  ainallcr,  but  longer,  and 
with  a  sharper  point,  than 
those  of  the  common  silver 
fir;  and,  like  the  seeds  of  the 

a  brownish  purple  colour. 


Cotyledons,  ?.  A  large,  hand- 
BOOie,  pyramidal  tree.  Nepal, 
on  the  Alps  of  Gosaalnthan. 
Height  80  ft.  to  90  ft.,  with  a 
trunk   from   3  ft.   to   4  0:.   in 


1882. 


troduced 

purple,   in    one   or   two    in* 

stances  produced  in  England. 

Branches  numerous,  spread- 
ing horizontally,  much  divided  i 
densely  clothed  with  leaves  dis- 
posed in  whorls :  covered  with 
a  pale,  ash-coloured,  rough, 
scaly   bark  ;    bent   upwards   at 


1052 


ARBORETUM    ET    PnUTICBTUM   BRITANMK 


the  apex.  Wood  compact,  whitish  rose-colour.  The  plant,  in  the  climate  of 
England,  appears  rather  more  tender  than  the  silver  lir;  being  liable^  from 
its  vegetating  veij  early  in  spring,  to  have  its  leading  shoots  pinched  b* 
the  frcMt.  Aiter  a  seriea  of  yearn,  hovever,  and  pro|>agatioa  Irom  Medi 
ripened  in  this  country,  it  will,  in  all  probability,  accommodate  itaeif  in  a 
considerable  degree  to  the  peculiarities  of  our  climate.  When  once  the  me 
bf^ns  to  bear  cones,  they  may  be  fecundated  with  the  male  blossonu  of  the 
common  «lver  fir,  and  thus  a  hybrid  produced  somewhat  hardiis'  than  tht 
female  parent. 

1   15.  P.  FfsDROW.  The  Pindrow,  or  TootkJeaeed,  Sflver  Fir. 

a^mifma.    F\Bat  Fhtina  Royle  IIL  t.  BS..  Lunh.  Flo.  B.  t.  n. ;  Tiiai  LvobKUAw  W^  CW.1 

.    Kajie  IJl..  I.  U.  i  Lurnb.  FId..  sTiT^. :  out  figt.  19TD.  ud  1971.  tnia  Bofl*. 


LXXVII.  coni'feii£:  la'^rix.  1053 

spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  S-rowed,  linear,  flat,  of  the  same  colour  on  both 

sides ;  sharply  2-toothed  at  the  s^t..  Crest  of  the  anthers  S-homed.  Cones 

oval  i  scales  trupezuldeo-corJate ; 

bracteoles   roundish,    emtirginate, 

irr^ularly  crenulate.  {H.  Don.) 

Leaves  3  in.  long.      Cone  4}  in. 

lung,  3j  in.  broad,  of  an  intense 

purple.     A  large  tree.     Kumaon. 

Height   80  ft.  to  100  ft.      Incro- 

liuced  in  1837. 

Professor  Don  observes  that  P 
P/ndriiw  in  liable  [o  be  contounded 
with  P.  Vfebhidna  t  but  that  the 
former  is  readily  distinguished  from 
the  laltcr  by.  its  longer  and  acutely 
bidented  leuves,  of  nearly  the  sane 
colour  on  both  surfaces ;  and  by 
its  shorter  and  thicker  cones,  with 
trapezoid-formed  Bculcs,  and  rounded 
notched  bracteoles.  '   i»i.  r.  Piw-n, 

1   16.  P.  Ha'ptha  i(br(.    The  Naptha  Pine. 
Plants  were  rused  in   Knight's  Nursery  in   1840.     Closely  resembles  P. 
cephaloiiica,  but  is  without  the  twist  in  the  petioles  of  the  leaves- 


IfflHiHH 


LARIX  Toum.     The  Larch,    im.  Sj/i/.  Monoe'cia Monad^lphia. 


Gen.  Char.  The  same  as  in  A\i\&^  ;  but  with  the  cimet  ovate^onical,  erect, 
and  the  carpeU  and  bractcat  udherent  to  the  axis.  Leavet  annual,  and  dis- 
posed in  groups. 

Leaoei  simnle,  in  alternate  fascicle><,  exstij>ulatc,  deciduous;  linear.  Floiveri 
reddish  or  yellowish. — Trees  deciduous,  some  of  ihem  of  large  dimensions  ; 
naliTes  of  the  mountainous  regions  of  Europe,  the  West  of  Asia,  and  of 
North  America ;  highly  valued  lor  the  great  durability  of  iheir  timber.  The 
common  larch  is  found  exteiisivtly  on  the  alpine  districts  of  the  South  of 
Germany,  Switzerland,  Sardinia,  and  Italy  ;  but  not  oti  the  Pyrenees,  nor 
in  Spun.  The  Russian  larch  (L.  e.  sibtrica)  is  found  throu<:liout  the 
greater  part  of  Itussia  and  tSitipria,  where  it  forma  a  tree  generally  inferior 
in  size  to  L.  europiea.  The  blaik,  or  weeping,  larch  (L.  amtricuna  pen- 
dula)  is  a  slender  tree,  found  in  the  ccntrul  districts  of  the  United  States; 
and  the  red  larcli  (L.  Bm:ricana  rubra),  also  a  slender  tree,  is  found  in 
Lower  Canada  and  Labrador.  In  Britain,  all  the  species  are  ornamental ; 
but  the  first  is  the  only  one  at  all  deserving  of  culture  as  a  tin)ber  tree. 

1   1.  L.  EUROPAA  Dec.     The  European,  or  common.  Larch. 

Untli/kaUim. 


Pinui  Urii  Z.AL  Sp.  '■'.  1410,  i  .fUH  ij».  Hurl.  afJT.  VO-  i  UtIi  dHhIui 
u.  I. .  iJrii  Alio  dHlduo,  &c  Rmi.  Hut.  ].  p,  9«.  l  Urii  Bamk.  Pin.  f.A9i.;  . 
Jim.  lUiaL  t.  TS&  1 1, 1  iieliit  comniuD*,  Ft. ;  Lorcbt,  LorclHi-FkbM,  geniflDti 

«.'    N.  Du  H»in..i.  t.JSiTf.  I.!  I-imb.  Pin,,  »d.  I,  ».  t-W  i  Ilw'pl»w«  of  IMi  !■ 


1054  ARBORETUM    £T    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

Spec.  CJiar.^  S^c.  Leaves  fascicled,  deciduous.  Cones  ovate-oblong ; 
reflexed  at  the  margin,  lacerate  ;  bracteoles  panduriform.  Leaves  hiiear, 
soft,  1  in.  long,  Cone  from  1  in.  to  ]^  in.  long,  erect.  A  tall,  pyramids], 
deciduous  tree.  Alps  of  the  South  of  Europe.  Height  80  ft.  to  100  ft.  In 
cultivation  in  Britain  since  1629.  Flowering  in  March  or  April ;  aDdripeo- 
ing  its  cones  in  the  autumn  of  the  same  year. 

Varieties.  All  the  larches  in  cultivation  are,  probably,  only  different  forms  <^ 
the  same  species ;  but,  as  the  American  lurches,  which  have  small  fruit, 
come  tolerably  true  from  seed,  we  shall  treat  them  as  one  species,  and  toe 
European  larch  as  another.  The  latter  is  characterised  by  large  cones,  rapid 
growtn,  and  robust  habit ;  and  the  former  by  small  cones,  slow  growth,  and 
slender  habit, 

t  "L.  e.  \  commhnis  Laws.  Man.  p.  386.  —  Branches  **  aspiring  tovards 
their  points  ;  branchlets  ver}'  numerous,  and  forming  a  dense  oooical 
or  pyramidal  top ;  foliage  of  a  light  grassy  or  vivid  green  ;  and  bark 
rather  more  rugged  than  that  of  L.  e.  2  laxa." 

1!  L.  f .  2  Idxa  Laws.  1.  c.  —  "  True  specimens  of  this  variety  may  easO? 
be  distinguished  from  the  others  when  in  nursery  rows,  1^  ther 
more  rapid  growth,  more  horizontal  and  less  crowded  branches,  aad 
by  the  darker  green,  or  somewhat  glaucous,  colour  of  the  folia^* 

¥  L.  e.  3  compdcta  Laws.  1.  c.  — "  In  habit  of  growth,  the  tree  is  ci>DiciI 
or  pyramidal,  like  the  common  larch  ;  but  its  branches  are  very  Ivttd^ 
or  easily  broken  from  the  trunk :  numerous,  horizontal,  or  d^htlr 
bent  down  near  the  base ;  aspiring  afterwards,  and  the  larger  aan 
are  finally  erect  towards  the  point,  with  pretty  regularly  verddSate 
branchlets  ;  towards  the  centre  of  the  tree,  however,  these  are  po- 
dulous,  and  remarkably  thickly  interwoven  with  one  another." 
.  ¥  L.  e.  4  pendula  Laws.  1.  c. — "  Distinguished  by  the  very  pendukns 
habit  of  its  branches,  which  somewhat  resemble  those  of  Xr.  amen- 
cana  p<^ndula  ;  from  which,  however,  it  differs  in  the  greater  len^tk 
of  its  leaves,  and  the  larger  size  of  its  cones."  A  native  of  the  Tj- 
rolese  Alps. — L.  e.  pendula  GodsdllW  Gard.  Afag,  vol.  xv.  p.  54S^ 
and  the  fic;ure  there  given,  is  a  sub-variety  ;  or,  more  probably,  identi- 
cal with  this  variety.  It  was  selected  by  Mr.  Godsall  froai  a  bed  of 
seedlings  of  the  common  larch. — L.  e.  repent  Laws.  L  c.  is  aoochff 
sub-vanety.  The  branches  spread  along  the  ground  to  a  preat  d^ 
tance.  A  tree  at  Henham  Hall,  Suffolk,  planted  about  1800,  M 
the  height  of  8  ft.  sends  out  its  branches  horizontally,  and  these, 
being  supported,  extend  north  and  south  over  a  covered  way  matt 
than  80  ft.  in  length,  and  16  ft.  in  width.  Another  branch  ezteods 
to  the  west  about  8  ft. ;  and  on  the  east  the  branches  droop  to  tk; 
ground  and  form  a  perfect  curtain,  as  they  do  also  on  the  west  side. 
(See  Gard,  Mag.,  vol.  xv.  p.  626.) 

5  L.  e.bflore  rubro  Hort.  Trans,  iv.  p.  416.  —  The  flowers  vwr  ■ 
shade  of  red  or  pink,  and  some  of  them  are  more  or  less  mixed  witk 
yellow.  The  cones  are  also  red,  or  reildish  yellow.  The  magisitT 
of  the  trees  in  the  Duke  of  Athol's  plantations  at  Dunkeid  ssa 
Blair  have  red  flowers. 

t  L.  tf.  6  Jlore  dlbo.  Larch  from  the  Tyrol,  with  white  Flowers,  H<sri, 
Trans.  1.  c. — The  leaves  of  this  variety  are  not  difierent  from  those 
of  the  common  larch  ;  but  the  shoots  are  said  to  be  much  stroc^er ; 
and  the  cones  white,  as  well  as  the  flowers. 

S  L.  f .  7  s'Mrica.  L.  siblrica  Fisch. ;  ?  L.  archangelica  Lav^^  Msn. 
p.  389. :  L.  r6ssica  Sab.  in  Hort.  Soc.  Gard. ;  /^iiua  Z..  sdKirica 
Lodd.  Cat.;  the  Russian  Larch,  Horf.  TVafu.  iv,  p.  416. — There 
are  trees  of  this  variety  in  the  Duke  of  AthoPs  plantation^  rai^ 
from  seeds  procured  from  Archangel  in  1806.  The  appearance  </ 
the  tree  is  said  to  be  coarser  than  that  of  L.  e.  communis.  It  ts  of 
much  slower  growth  than  the  larches  of  the  Tyrol ;  and  the 


LXXVn.   CONl'FEKS:  Larix.  lOdS 

come  out  to  early  in  spnng,  that  the;  are  liable  (o  be  injured  bj 
frost.  The  feinale  catkins  do  not  expand  their  flowers  till  some 
time  after  those  of  (he  European  larch  appear.  The  cones  are  like 
those  of  the  American  larch. 
K  I  L.  tf.  S  datiarica.  L.  dahurica  Lawt.  Man,  p.  3S9.  —  Said  (o  !«  a 
stunted,  bush;,  and  irregular-growing  tree,  Dahuria.  lotroduced 
in  1827.  (ienerally  propHgaied  by  cuttings  or  layers. 
t  \..  9  ialfrmedia,    i.  iatcrmedia  ioiri.  iW.  p.  389.;   PSnua  interm&iia 

Lodd.Cal.  ed.lBSB;  the  Altaian  Larch A  very  strong  luxuriant 

hainc  of  growth,  with  pendulous  branches,  and  very  large  leaves. 
Introduced  in  1816,  or  before.     Lod. 
Other  Varieliei,     L.  Fraien  Comp.   Bol.  Meg.   vol.  i[.  p.  30*,  was  disco- 
vered and  introduced  by  J.  Fraser  and  his  son,  between  1T8S  and  ISIT  ; 
but  it  is  apparently  lost. 

The  wood  of  the  larch  is  corapact,  and  ofa  reddish  or  brown  tinge;  and,  on 
favourable  soils,  is  said  to  be  lit  for  every  useful  puipose  in  40  years'  growth  ; 
while  that  of  the  pinaster  requires  60  years,  and  the  Scotch  pine  80  years.  The 
grciitest  drawbectc  to  the  wood  of  the  larch  is  its  liability  to  warp.  The  rate 
of  gTouth  of  the  larch,  in  the  climate  of  London,  is  from  SO  ft.  to  25  ft.  in  10 


ie  of  50  years,  the  tree 
will  attain  the  height  of  BO  ft.  or  upwards  ;  and,  in  its  native  habitats,  ac- 
cording to  Willdenow,  it  lives  from  150  to  800  years.  The  wood,  according 
to  Hnrtig,  weighs  68  lb.  13  oi.  per  cubic  foot  when  green,  and  .%  lb.  6  oz. 
when  dry  ;  and,  according  to  Kasthofier,  it  lasts  four  times  longer  than  that  of 
any  other  species  of  Atnilina:.  Though  the  wood  of  the  larch  ignites  with 
difficulty,  and  a  Rre  made  of  it  will,  if  not  attended  to,  extinguish  itself  before 
the  wood  is  half-consumed,  yet,  if  properly  managed,  the  wood  of  old  trees  is 
crtpahle  of  producing  an  intense  heal.  The  charcoal  ia  more  rich  in  carbon  than 
that  of  the  spruce  or  the  silver  fir,  but  less  io  than  that  of  pine  or  beech. 
It  is  very  heavy,  and  weighs  I6J  lb.  per  cubic  foot ;  it  is  said  to  be  excellent 
for  iron  founderies.  The  bark  of  young  larches  is  astringent,  and  it  is  used  in 
the  Alps  for  tanning  leather ;  where  the  leaves  and  joung  shoots  are  sorne- 
tinies  given  to  cattle.  The  resinous  products  of  the  larch  are,  Venice  turpen- 
tine, and  the  manna  de  Brian^on;  and  both  are  used  in  the  state  in  vrhich 
they  are  procured  from  the  tree.     To  obtain  the  turpentine,  trees  are  chosen 


1056  ARBORETUM    £T    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

which  are  neither  too  young  nor  too  old  ;  and  auger  holes  are  made  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  trunk,  from  which  the  turpentine  flows  through  slender 
tubes  or  gutters  to  a  bucket  at  the  bottom  of  the  tree.  The  maona  is  collected 
from  the  young  shoots  and  leaves.  The  larch  will  grow  rapidly  upon  almost 
any  soil,  and  in  any  situation,  for  the  first  20  or  30  years ;  but  it  is  only  in  a 
clear  dry  atmosphere,  on  a  cold-bottomed  soil,  somewhat  moist  on  the  sur&ce, 
that  its  timber  is  brought  to  perfection.  In  plains,  and  near  the  sea,  it  grows 
rapidly  for  30  or  35  years ;  but,  when  felled  in  such  situations,  the  wood  is 
found  rotten  at  the  heart,  and  unfit  for  any  purpose  except  fuel.  This  decay 
of  the  wood  is  much  aggravated  when  the  larches  are  planted  thick,  so  as  to 
expose  but  a  small  portion  of  their  foliage  to  the  sun,  and  to  retain  amoog 
their  lower  branches  an  atmosphere  surcharged  with  moisture.  The  larch  wiU 
grow,  and  become  valuable  timber,  at  a  much  greater  elevation  above  the  sea 
than  the  Scotch  pine,  thriving  at  the  height  of  1800  f^.  in  the  Hi^falaDds, 
where  the  Scotch  pine  does  not  attain  a  timber  size  at  a  greater  eJevatioQ 
than  900  ft.  In  Switzerland,  KasthoflTer  inform  us,  it  is  found  in  the  highest 
perfection  in  soil  composed  of  the  debris  of  calcareous  rocks,  as  well  as  id 
granitic,  argillaceous,  and  schistose  soils.  An  immense  mass  of  valuable 
matter .  on  the  culture  and  uses  of  the  larch,  with  a  detailed  account  of  the 
Duke  of  AthoFs  plantations  in  the  Highlands  of  Scotland,  will  be  found  m 
our  Ist  edition,  vol.  iv.  p.  2353.  to  2399. 

^  2.  L.  AMERiCA^NA  Mkhx.    The  American  Larch. 

IdentifieatioH.    Michx.  N.  Araer  Syl.,  3.  p.  213 

Synompnet.    Plnui  Airldna  Du  Rot  Harbk.  ed.  Pott.  8.  p.  1 17. ;  P.  microcirpa  H^'iOd,  Bamm.  p.  SCI. ; 


yTbiei  mlcrodirpa  Poir. ;  Hackmatack,  Atner. ;  Tamarack,  by  the  Dutch  m  New  Jeneg  \  E^ 
nette  rouge,  in  Canada. 
Engravings.    Micbx.  N.  Amer.  Syl.,  S.  1. 153. ;  Lamb.  Pin.,  ed.  2.,  t.  M. ;  the  plate  of  thk  tneia 
Arb.  Brit.,  lit  edit.,  vol.  riil. ;  and  owtfig.  1973. 


Spec.  Char,,  S^c,     Leaves  short.   Cones  small,  ovate-roundish,  with  few 

Leaves  from  ^  in.  to  }  in.  long.  Cones  from  \  in.  to  f  in.  ions,  and  froB 
I-  in.  to  f  in.  broad.  A  deciduous  tr<;e,  with  a  slender  trunk.  North  Ame- 
rica, Newfoundland  to  Virginia.  Height  80  ft.  to  100  ft.  Introduced  in  1739. 
Flowers  red  or  yellow.     Cones  small,  brown,  or  brownish  red  ;  May. 

Varieties,     None  of  the  forms  of  this  species  can  be  at  all  compared  with  the 
European  larch,  in  point  of  utility,  or  even  ornament. 

X  L.  a.  1  rubra,  L.  microcdrpa  Laws,  Man,  p.  388. ;  Ptnus  microcirps 
Pursh  FL  Amer.  Sept,  p.  645.,  Lodd,  Cat. ;  E'pinette  rouge,  Castmk, 
— Tree  medium-sized,  upright,  of  a  slender,  conical,  or  pyramidal 
habit  of  growth,  but  not  so  much  so  as  in  Zr.  a.  pendula.  Branches 
horizontal,  or  slightly  pendulous,  except  the  upper,  which  are  rather 
aspiring ;  branchlets  also  pendulous,  and,  together  with  the  branches, 
more  numerous  and  dense  than  those  of  Z».  a.  pendula.  The  wood 
is  so  ponderous  that  it  will  scarcely  swim  in  water. 

t  "L.a.  2  pSndtUa.  L.  pendula  Laws.  Man.  p.  387. ;  Pinus  [>endula  JA. 
Hort.  Keio.  ed.  1.  iii.  p.  369.;  P.  intermedia  Du  Aot  Harhk.  ix. 
p.  115.;  P,  Xrarix  nigra  Marsh.  Arb.  Amer.  p.  203. ;  .^'bies  penduh 
Poir.  Diet,  p.  514. ;  Tamarack,  Anier,  —  A  tree  of  medium  aie; 
slender,  and^  generally  bending  towards  the  top.  Branches  Foti- 
cillate,  few,  remote,  and  pendulous  ;  branchlets  also  thin,  and  moie 
pendulous  than  the  branches.  Bark  smooth,  and  very  dark-coloured; 
that  on  the  youngest  twigs  of  a  dark  purplish  colour,  inclinii^  to 
grey.  Leaves  like  those  of  the  common  larch  in  shape,  but  ratiier 
longer,  darker  in  colour,  and  arising  from  shorter  and  much  darker- 
coloured  buds  or  sheaths; 

t  L.  a.  3  proiijera.  L,  prolf fera  Malcolm,  —  In  this  variety,  the  axis  of 
the  cones  is  prolonged  in  the  form  of  a  shoot ;  a  kind  of  raonstro<itT 
or  morphology  which  is  found  in  all  the  varieties  of  L.  americaaa, 
and  also,  occasionally,  in  some  species  of  ^*bies  and  Pfcea. 

Michaiix  describes  the  American  larch  as  a  tall  slender  tree,  with  a  trutik 


LXXVII.    CONrFERJE      CE  DRUS. 


1057 


/>: 


1973.    L.  amcrtciuu. 


80  or  100  feet  high,  and  only  2  or  3  feet  in  diameter.  Its  numerous  branches, 
except  near  the  summit,  are  horizontal  or  declining.  The  bark  is  smooth  and 
shinmg  on  the  trunk  and  larger  branches,  but  rugged  on  the  smaller  branches. 
The  leaves  are  flexible,  and  shorter  than  those  of  the  European  species.  The 
cones  are  small  and  erect ;  gi'een  in  spring,  and  generally  brown  when  ripe, 
but  sometimes  they  are  found  of  a  violet  colour.  The  wood,  Michaux  says,  is 
equal  to  that  of  the  European  larch,  being  exceedingly  strong,  and  singularly 
durable.  In  Britain,  it  can  only  be  considered  as  a  curious  or  ornamental 
tree.  Seeds  are  sometimes  ripened  in  this  country,  and  are  also  sometimes 
imported ;  in  consequence  of  which,  both  varieties  are  not  uncommon  in  the 
nurseries. 

Genus  V. 


CE'DRUS  Barrel,    Tbe  Cedar.    Lm,  Sytt,  Monoe'cia  Monad^phia. 

Ident{ftcation.    Barrelier,  FlanUe  per  Galliam,  ftc,  observatie,  Ac,  Ic,  499. 

Sytionymes.    Pinus  Lin,  In  part ;  iTbies  Poir.  In  part ;  Lkrix  Toum.  in  part ;  Cddre,  Fr. ;  Ceder, 

Gcr.  \  Cedro,  IteU. 
Dt-rivaiion.    Some  suppose  the  word  Cednu  to  be  derived  (Vom  Cfdron^  a  brook  in  Judea,  on  the 

rianks  of  which  the  cedar  of  Lebanon  was  once  plentiful :  others  from  kaid,  I  bum  ;  from  the  wood 

of  some  of  the  kinds  of  cedar  being  burned  as  incense :  and  others,  from  the  Arabic  kedrouitt,  or 

kedre,  power 

(tcn.  Char,  The  same  as  in  Larix ;  but  with  the  carpels  separating  from  the 
axis,  and  the  leaves  evergreen.  Conet  erect,  large,  solitary.  Anthers 
crowned  by  an  elliptical  scabrous  crest.  Carpels  coriaceous,  compressed, 
deciduous. 

Leaves  simple,  in  alternate  fascicles,  exstipulate,  evergreen  ;  linear. 
Flowers  yellowish,  powdery. —  Trees  majestic  in  form,  and  evergreen  ;  na- 
tives of  Asia  and  Africa,  with  large  spreading  branches.  Extremely  orna- 
mental, and  one  species  producing  excellent  timber. 

i.   \,  C.  LiBA^ N I -Bflrr.     The  Cedar  of  Lebanon. 

ld<mt(fication.    Barrel.  Ic,  499. ;  Edw.  Omith.,  t.  188. 

Synonyrnf$.    Pinus  Cddrus  Lin.  Sp.  PI.  1420. ;  P.  fbMit  fasciculdtls,  &c.  Du  Roi  Harbk.  ed.  Pott. 

2.  p,  120. ;  Lirix  Cddrus  Mill.  Diet.  No.  3. ;  I^rix  orientalis  Toum.  Ins.  p.  686. ;  C'ddrus  migna 

Dod.  Pempt.  867. ;  C  conifera  Bauh.  Pin.  p.  490. ;  C.  phcenicea  Itenealm.  Sp.  p.  47. ;  C6drus 

BeU.  It.  p.  162. ;  iTbles  Chdr\x%  Pair.  Diet.  Ena/c.  6.  p.  510. 
Knif  ravings.    Du  Ham.  Arb.,  1.  t.  132. ;  Lamb.  Pin.,  ed.  2.,  t.  51. ;  the  plates  of  this  tree  in  Arb. 

Brie,  Isc  edit,  vol.  viii. ;  aud  out  Jig.  1974. 

3  Y 


105S  ARBUBETUH   ET  FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICtlH. 

^lec.  Char.,  cj-c.  Leaves  tufted,  perennial.  Conea  ovale,  abrupt ;  thdr  scales 
close-prcBBed.  Crest  of  the  anthers  ovate,  flat,  erect.  (SuritL)  Conca 
ovate,  from  3  in.  to  5  in.  long,  and  from  8  in.  to  2J  in.  broaii.  Seeds  of  ao 
irrt^ular  triangular  form  ;  nearly  J  in.  long,  with  a  very  broad  mtanbruu- 
ceoua  wing.  CotjledonB  6.  A  large,  sprrading  evergreen,  tree-  Sytia.  on 
Mount  Lebanon ;  and  the  North  of  Africa,  on  Mount  Atlas.  Hd^t  JO  li. 
toSOfl.  Introduced  before  1683.  Flowers  yellow  ;  May,  Cooea  poi^iJi 
brown,  tip«uing  in  the  autumn  of  the  third  year,  and  remaiuing  on  the 
tree  for  wvetal  years. 
VaheHes. 

t  C.  L.  i  Joint  oTginleu. — Leaves  of  e  «lvery  hue  both  above  and  bdoa. 
There  are  very  large  treec  of  this  vnrjety  at  Whitton  and  Pain'^  IfilL 
and  a  dwarf  bushy  one,  remarkable  for  its  silvery  Bapect,  at  the 
Countess  of  Shaftesbury's   villa  (formerly  the  residence  of  Thonnoa 
the  poet),  on  the  banks  of  the  Thnmes  at  Richmond,  of  which  there 
is  u  portrait  in  Arb.  Brit.,  lat.  edit.,  vol.  viii. 
t   C.L.  A  norao.— Very  dwarf.     A  plant  at  Hendon  Rectory,  IVriddiesei:. 
10  or  18  yeari<  old,  is  only  from  2h.  to  3ft.  high,  making  sbnoo 
from  2  in.  to  3  in.  in  a  year. 
The  leading  ahoct,  in  young  trees,  generallr  inclines  to  one  side,  but  h  be- 
comes erect  as  the  tree  increases  in  height.    The  horizontal  branches,  or  limta. 
when  the  tree  is  exposed  on  every  side,  are  very  large  in  proportion  to  tbt 
trunk  ;  tliey  are  disjKJsed  in  distinct  layers,  or  stages,  and  ihe  distance  to 
which  ihey  extend  diminishes  as  they  approach  the  top  ;  thus  forming  a  pi- 
romidal  head,  broad  in  pro|iortion  to  its  height.    The  extremities  of  the  koser 
branches,  in  such  trees,  generally  rest  on  the  ground,  l>ent  down  by  their  owe 
weight ;  but  they  do  not  root  into  it.     The  summit,  in  youi^  trees,  is  spin : 
but  in  old  trees  it  becomes  broad  and  Rattened.     Whi-n  the  cedar  of  LetWrna 
is  drawn  up  among  uther  trees,  it  pro- 
duces a  clean   straight   trunk,  dilTering 
only   in   appearance   from   thiit   of   the 
larch  in  the  colour  of  its  bark.  The  wood 
of  the  cedar  is  of  a  reddish  white,  light 
and   spongy,  easily   worked,    but   very  , 
apt  to  shrmk  and  warp,  and  by  no  means 
durable.      The  tree,  as   an  ornaraental 
object,    is    most    magnificent  ;    uniting 
the   grand   with   the   picturesque,  in   a 
manner  not  equalled  by  any  other  tree 
in   Britain,  either   indigenous  or  intro-  '*' 

duced.  Un  a  lawn,  where  tlie  soil  is  good,  the  situation  sheltered,  and  (far 
space  Bin])]e,  it  forms  a  gigantic  pyramid,  and  confers  dignity  on  the  park  and 
mansion  to  which  it  belongs ;  and  it  makes  an  avenue  at  unrivalted  grandear, 
if  the  trees  are  ao  far  apart  as  to  allow  their  branches  to  extend  on  every  »lc. 
If  planted  in  mosses,  it  is,  like  every  other  species  of  the  pine  and  fir  tribe 
drawn  up  with  a  straight  naked  trunk,  anil  scarcely  differs  in  appearaiice  Erua 
the  larch,  except  in  being  evergreen.  This  is  exemplified  at  Kenwood,  u 
Claremont,  and  other  places  near  London.  On  the  other  hand,  where  ifae 
cedar  is  planted  in  masses,  and  a  distance  of  50  or  60  feet  allowed  betweoi 
each  tree,  nothing  in  the  way  of  sylvan  majesty  can  be  more  sublime  than  foA 
H  forest  of  living  pyramids.  This  is  exemplified  around  the  cedar  tower  « 
Whitton,  and  on  the  cedar  bank  at  Pepper  Harrow.  The  cedar  will  gtT>*  in 
every  soil  and  situation  suitable  for  thi:  larch.  We  are  not  certain  that  it  will 
grow  equally  well  with  that  tree  at  great  elevations ;  though  we  have  litdr 
doubt  of  it,  provided  it  were  planted  in  masses.  In  the  neighbourbood  of 
London,  it  has  certainly  atmined  the  largest  size  in  deep  st^y  soil,  ■*  at 
Syon,  Whitton,  and  Pain's  Hilt ;  but  the  sand  at  these  places  is  not  poor  :  «nd 
u  Whitton,  where  the  tree  bat  attained  the  greatest  height  and  bulk,  the 


LXXVII.    CONl'FERiE:    C£^DRUS.  1059 

roots  are  within  reach  of  water.  The  cones,  which,  as  ahready  observed,  are 
not  ripe  till  the  autumn  of  the  third  year,  will  keep  five  or  six  years  after 
being  taken  from  the  tree,  so  that  there  is  never  any  risk  of  getting  seeds  too 
old  to  vegetate,  in  purchasing  the  cones  that  are  imported  nom  the  Levant. 
If  cones  produced  in  Britain  are  kept  a  year  after  being  gathered,  they  may  be 
opened  with  greater  ease  than  when  recently  taken  from  the  tree.  To  facili- 
tate the  operation  of  extracting  the  seeds,  the  cones  may  be  steeped  in  water 
for  a  day  or  two,  and  afterwards  split  by  driving  a  sharp  conical  iron  spike 
through  their  axis.  The  scales  being  then  opened  with  the  hand,  the  seeds 
readily  come  out.  The  seeds  ought  to  be  committed  to  the  soil  immediately 
after  being  taken  out  of  the  cones ;  more  especially  if  the  latter  have  been 
steeped,  because  in  that  case  the  seeds  have  swelled,  and  might  be  injured,  if 
left  to  shrink.  If  the  seeds  are  sown  in  March  or  April,  they  will  come  up  in 
a  month  or  six  weeks;  and  still  sooner  if  they  have  been  steeped.  Like  the 
other  i^bietinae,  they  should  be  sown  in  light  rich  soil,  and  covered  thinly. 
Sang  recommends  the  covering  to  be  4  in.  deep ;  and  this  depth  may  be  di- 
minished or  increased,  according  to  the  lightness  or  heaviness  of  the  soil.  The 
seeds  may  be  either  sown  in  beds  in  the  open  garden,  or  in  large  flat  pots  or 
boxes  ;  but  the  latter  is  the  more  convenient  mode,  as  it  admits  of  preserving 
the  whole  of  the  roots  in  transplanting.  The  plants  rise  3  or  4  inches  high 
the  first  year,  with  scarcely  any  taproots ;  but  these  increase  afterwards,  as 
the  plants  advance  in  size.  At  the  end  of  the  first  year,  the  seedlings  may  be 
transplanted  into  nursery  lines,  or,  what  is  more  convenient,  into  small  pots ; 
and,  m  commercial  nurseries,  they  should  every  year  be  shifted  into  pots  a  size 
larger,  till  they  are  sold.  In  private  nurseries,  where  the  plants  are  not  likely 
to  be  sent  to  any  distance,  they  may  be  planted  in  the  fi'ee  soil  in  nursery  lines, 
like  the  pinaster  and  other  of  the  more  rare  pines  and  firs  ;  and,  when  they 
are  removed  to  their  final  situation,  their  roots  may  be  protected  from  the  air, 
by  immersing  them  in  mud  or  puddle.  In  the  nursery  culture  of  the  cedar, 
care  must  be  taken  not  to  injure  the  leading  shoot,  which  is  said  not  to 
be  readily  renewed  when  broken  off.  In  general,  it  is  advisable  to  tie  the 
leader  to  a  stake,  till  the  plants  are  placed  where  they  are  finally  to  remain ; 
after  which  they  may  be  left  to  themselves.  In  thev  progress  from  young 
plants  to  full-grown  trees  they  require  very  little  pruning,  and  suffer  severely 
when  large  branches  are  cut  off. 

t  2.  C  Deoda'ba  Roxb.     The  Deodara,  or  Indian,  Cedar. 

Identifleation.    Roxb.  Fl.  Ind.  Ined. ;  Laws.  Man.,  p.  381. 

SynoHipnea.    Plnus  Deoddra  Laxnlx  Pin.  ed.  2.  t.  52. ;  A^\Am  Deodira  Llndl.  in  Penn.  Cyc. ;  De- 

vadara,  or  Deodara,  Hindostanee ;  the  sacred  Indian  Fir. 
Engravingt.    Lamb.  Fin.,  ed.  2.,  t.  52. ;  our^.  1977.  to  our  uraal  scale ;  weAflff.  1975.  and  1976.  of 

the  natural  size. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  fascicled,  evergreen,  acute,  triquetrous,  rigid.  Cones 
twin,  oval,  obtuse,  erect;  scales  adpressed.  (Lamb.)  Cones  from  4jin.  to 
5 in.  long;  and  from  3^ in.  to  3| in.  broad.  Seed,  with  the  wing,  nearly 
l^in.  long;  scale  about  the  same  length,  and  2 in.  broad.  A  large  ever-? 
green  tree.  Nepal  and  Indo-Tataric  mountains,  at  10,000  or  12,000  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Height  5Cft.  to  100  ft.,  rarely  150  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1822,  and  apparently  as  hardy  as  the  cedar  of  Lebanon,  from  which 
it  is  readily  distinguished  at  a  distance  by  its  general  aspect  being  compara- 
tively whiter. 

Varietiet.  Two  varieties,  or  perhaps  nearly  allied  species,  called  the  Shinlik 
and  Christa  rooroo,  are  mentioned  by  Moorcroft  as  natives  of  the  forests  of 
Ladakh.  (Lmdl,  in  Penn,  Cyc) 

The  branches  are  ample  and  spreading ;  ascending  a  little  near  the  trunk  of 
the  tree,  but  drooping  at  the  extremities.  The  wood  is  compact,  of  a  yel- 
lowish white,  and  strongly  impregnated  with  resin.  The  bark  is  greyish,  and, 
on  the  young  branches,  covered  with  a  glaucous  bloom.  The  leaves  are  either 
solitary  or  tufted,  and  are  very  numerous  ;  they  are  larger  than  those  of  C. 
Libani,  and  of  a  bluish  but  dark  green,  covered  with  a  light  glaucous  bloom. 

3y  2 


1060 


ARBORETUM   ET  FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


1075.    C.  iJMriAra. 


The  male  catkins  are  upright,  without  footstalks  ;  cylindrical  somewhat  club- 
shaped  ;  and  yellowish,  tinged  witii  red.  The  cones  are  upright,  generallj  in 
pairs,  on  short,  thick,  woody  footstalks ;  of  nearly  the  same  shape  as  these 
of  the  cedar  of  Lebanon,  but  broader  and  longer ;  slightly  tapering  at  the 
base,  and  somewhat  more  pointed  at  their  summit.  They  are  of  a  rich  red- 
dish brown,  very  resinous,  and  with  the  margins  of  the  scales  slightly  maiked 
with  green ;  about  4  in.  in  length,  and  from  I  in.  to  2A  in.  broad.  The  scales 
are  nearly  of  the  same  size  and  shape  as  those  of  C,  Libani ;  but  thev  ^  ^ 
when  ripe,  like  those  of  the  silver  nr.  The  seed  is  light  brown,  an<i  irrceu- 
larly  shaped,  with  a  large  bright  brown  wing.  The  rate  of  growth,  in  the 
climate  of  London,  appears  to  be  much  the  same  as  that  of  the  cedar  of  I<e- 
banon ;  and  it  is  equally  hardy.  The  wood  of  the  Cedrus  Dcodara  pos$eses 
all  the  qualities  attributed  by  the  ancients  to  that  of  C  Libani.  It  is  ^crt 
compact  and  resinous,  and  has  a  fine,  fragrant,  refreshing  smell,  like  that  61t 
when  walking  in  pine  groves  towards  evening  or  in  moist  weather ;  sod  very 


LXXVIl.    CONlFEltf:    ARAUCA  [IIA. 


1061 


(lilferent  from  that  of 
the  cedar  of  Leba- 
non. The  grain  i.s 
remarkably  line  and 
•.'lose,  and  is  capable 
of  receiving  a  very 
high  polish.  It  is  par- 
ticularly valued  for 
its  durability ;  and  h 
much  used  in  the  ~ 
construction  of  Hi- 
malayan buildiniis, 
both  public  and  pri-  ■ 
vate,  and  for  bridges 
and  boats.  Strips  of 
it  are  also  employed 

for  candles     In  Eng.  ""■  ^'  ""**"■ 

land,  the  specimens  of  the  tree  are  at  present  small  ;  but  the  feathery  light- 
ness of  its  spreading  branches,  and  the  beautiful  glaucous  hue  of  its  Iciives, 
render  it,  even  nhen  young,  one  of  the  most  ornamental  of  the  coniferous 
;  and  all  the  travellers  who  have  seen  it  full  grown  agree  that  it  unites 


an  extraordinary  degree  of  majesty  and  grandei 

thrives  in  cverj-  part  of  (ireat  Britain  where  ie  iiaa  ucvn  trieu,  even  as 
north  as  Aberdeen ;  where,  as  In  many  other 
places,  it  is  found  hurdier  than  the  cedar  of 
Lebanon,  h  is  readily  propagated  by  seeds, 
which  preserve  their  vitality  when  imported 
overland  in  the  cones,  but  scarcely  otherwise. 
It  also  grows  freely  by  cuttings,  and  by  erall- 
ing  on  the  common  cedar,  and  the  plants 
appear  as  handsome  and  free-growing  oB  those 
raised  from  seed.  It  has  been  inarched  on  the 
larch ;  but,  the  latter  tree  being  deciduous,  it 
mav  be  doubtful  whether  [ilants  so  propacsled 
will  attain  a  lai^c  size,  and  he  of  great  dura- 
tion. It  has  been  grafted,  in  the  wedge  manner, 
on  the  common  cedar,  in  considerable  num- 
ben,  by  Mr.  Barron,  gardener  to  the  Earl  of 
Harrington,  at  Elvaston  Castle.  Mr.  Barron 
has  given  a  detailed  account  of  his  process,  ,«,.  ctHtOM. 

and  of  the  success  which  attended  it,  in  Card, 

Mag,,  vol.  xiv.  p.  80.  The  nursery  culture  of  the  deodara  cedar,  and 
soil  and  situation  in  which  it  is  to  be  finally  planted,  may  be  considered,  ii 
respects,  the  same  as  those  of  the  comnton  cedar. 

Genus  VI. 


far 


Lm.  Syit.  DicE^cia 


■  llciK  couDir;  Armudria  ImbricUl  IT 


SlnKMjnui.    Budui  Snl,,  Colimbta  Snl..  D 

Gen.  Char.     Male  Jtotoer  with  the  pollen  contained  in  from  10  to  EO  cases, 
pendent  from  the  apex  of  the  scale.     Oinite  solitary,  connate  with  the  carpel 


Leavet  simple,  alternate,  eistipulate,  evergreen;  imbricate.  —  Tree*  rf 
ma^ilicenC  dimenaions,  and  evergreen  ;  natives  of  South  America,  Polv- 
neam,  and  Australia  ;  only  one  of  wbich,  the  AnuiciUia  imbricata,  is  bardf 

in  the  climate  of  Britain^ 


I   1.  A,  tMBKlCA^A  Par. 

UaUfflcaHaK.    Pit.  Dili,  [n  Mkm.  . 


The  imbricate-Zeaoffrf  Areucaria,  or  ChiU  Pine. 

ud.  RFg.  Mrd.  Hat..  ].  D.  197 


The  Saa.    Tben 

Xttgrarinft,    Lan 


■  ArmncMa  XoJ.  ^.  nA  *>r. 
TVaM.  9.  p.  3>S.  :  Dcob^ra  (k- 
fn  i  Sir  Jcwrti  Buikt'l  Hik. 


^■ME.? 


!4i'pEil£:  arauca'ria. 


^c.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  in  eighu,  imbricated,  ovate-lanceolate,  with   per- 
sistent mucros.  (Pop.)     An  evei^ven  tree.     Cordilleras,  in  Chili.     Height 
iOft.  to   lOOft.,  rarely  150ft.     Introduced  in   1796,  and  (lowering  from 
o  November. 


A  very  remarkable  tree;  the  remHie  of  which,  according  to  Pavon,  is  about 
150ft.  high,  while  (he  male  is  seldom  more  than  40  or  50  feet  high.  The 
trunk  is  nuile  straight,  and  without  knots,  with  a  strong  arrow-like  leading 
shoot,- pushing  upwards.  It  is  covered  with  doiihle  bark,  the  inner  part  o? 
which,  in  old  trees,  is  5  or  6  inche»  thick,  fungous,  tenacious,  porous,  and 
ti^t ;  and  from  it,  as  from  almost  every  other  part  of  the  tree,  resin  flows  in 
^n-eat  abundance ;  the  outer  bark  is  of  nearly  equal  thickness,  resembling  cork 
cleft  in  diderent  directions,  and  equally  resinous  with  the  inner  bark.     In 

young    trees,    the 

bark   of  the  trunk 

is     studded     with 

leaves    from     the 

base    of   the   tree 

upwards,  which  re- 
'  1  attached   for 


12     < 


je« 


The  branches 
produced  in  whorls  J 
of  6,  7,  and  some-  I 
times  8,  in  a  whorl,  I 
the  greater  number  1 
being  nearest    the 
ground  ;    and   the 
branches    diminish 
ength   as   they 
I  Hscend   hieher    up 
I  the  tree ;  till,  at  the  ^^ 

I  top,  they  tenninale       ""■  ■*■■''*"* 
f  in  a  kind  of  pyramidal  head.     They  are 
horizontal,  innexed,  and   ascending  at 
the  extremities.     These  large  horizon- 
tal  arms,   clothed    with   closely   imbri- 
,»,.  », ,..»«..  cated  leaves,  resemble,  in  young  trees, 

"""  "'  '"""■"  snakes  partly  coiled  round  the  trunk,   ' 

and  stretching  forth  their  long  slender  bodies  in  quest  of  prey.  The  leaves 
are  sessile,  somewhat  thickened  at  the  base,  ovale -lanceolate,  stiff,  straight, 
somewhat  keel-shaped  bdow,  and  strongly  mucronate  at  the  apex  ;  verticil- 
late,  with  7  or  e  in  a  whorl ;  imbricate,  and  closely  encircling  the  branches; 
concave,  rigid,  glabrous,  shining,  marked  with   longitudinal  lines,  dotted  on 


AUBUItETUM    ICT    FRUTICETUM    BKITANNICUM. 


both  silica  ;  leutherv,  villi  a  car- 
t  lagino  9  nn  gi  and  re  a  ne 
attnched  o  the  I  ee  for  ie  era! 
ea  3  The  ale  and  female  cat 
li  ns  are  o  t^porate  trees  the 
J.  jles  are  6  or      n  a 

JJK'it,  cluMtcr  pedu  cu  ate, 
^%  lemnal  jre"""  «n<l 
^-^  !%  oal  wth  nunerow 
^  scales  mbr  cated 

>^  long   and  ncurved  at 
the  po    U    the  Te    ale 


tl  ey  a  e  produced   at 

ihe      ends      o        the 

I   anches    where   tl  ey 

look  at  first  sght    ke 

an  umiatuni  thicken- 
A  il^iu  '"8  "*"  '''^  leaves.  The 
>"•>•-  conex,  when  hilly  ripe, 
are  globular,  Irom  3  in.  to  4  in.  in 
djuineter,  anil  of  a  dark  brown 
colour.  Tlie  scalcH  are  deciduous, 
and  easily  dutaclied.  The  seeds 
are  2  to  each  scale,  wedge-shaped, 

and' very  large,  being  more  than  ,j,,    i  i-hiin.,  t.i.i. 

I  in.    long,   with    a    thick    hard 

shell  surrounding  an  eatable  kernel ;  wings  short  and  obsolete.  The  n 
tree  has  its  leaves  soiiicwhal  diSerently  shaped  from  those  of  the  female  ti 
and  verv  much  resembling  those 
of  A.  lirnsillAna  in  slia|>e.  thoiigli 
of  a  dirtlrciit  texture  iinil  co- 
lour. The  wood  is  red  where 
it  has  been  atfectcd  by  the 
forest  fires  ;  but  otherwise  it  is 
xhite,  and  touards  the  centre 
of  the  stem  bright  yellow.  )t 
yields  to  none  in  hardness  and 
solidity,  uud  might  prove  vuln- 
ahlc  for  many  uses,  if  the  places 
of  growth  of  the  tree  were  less  ^ 
inaccessible.  Of  the  rate  of 
growth  of  this  tree  in  its  native  ' 
country  vtri  little  is  stated  by  ^ 
travellers,  [t  is  probiibly  .wlow, 
as  appears  to  he  the  case  with 
plants  in  the  climate  of  Lon- 
don ;  .though  Bcarcely  any  of 
these  have  yet  had  full  justice 
done  to  them.  Young  plants 
established  in  the  open  ground 
at  Dropmore  and  Bayfordbury 
make  shoots,  occasionally,  of 
above  a  fool  in  length.  It  may 
be   reiitarked  of  the  ftraucaria  isn.  .t.uHUu;uib>toiii). 


LXXVII.    CONl'FER-fi  :    CUNNINGHA^M/if. 


1065 


in  Britain,  tHat  young  plants 
sometimes  remain  a  whole  year 
without  making  any  shoot  what- 
ever ;  and  that,  at  other  times, 
the  same  plants  require  two 
years  to  perfect  one  shoot,  that 
is,  the  snoot  continues  slowly 
increasing  in  length  from  the 
midi^ummer  of  one  year  to  that  . 
of  the  year  following.  The 
treatment  of  this  tree,  when 
raised  from  seeds,  may  be  con- 
sidered in  all  respects  the  same 
as  that  of  the  cedar;  regard 
being  had  to  the  different  size 
of  the  seeds,  which  will,  of 
course,  require  a  thicker  cover- 
ing. Abundance  of  seeds  have 
lately  been  imported,  from  which 
many  young  plants  have  been 
raised,  and  extensively  distri- 
buted. Fig,  1986.  shows  the 
manner  in  which  the  seeds  ger- 
minate ;  a,  the  first  appearance 
of  the  radicle  ;  b,  the  plumular, 
or  young,  shoot,  in  an  advanced 
state. 

A.  brasiliana  Rich.,  A.  ex- 
celsa  Ait,,  and  A.  Cunninghama 
Ait.,  are  half-hardy  species, 
which  Tfill  be  found  described 
at  length,  accompanied  by  nu- 
merous figures,  in  our  first 
edition,  p.  1440.  to  p.  1445. 


1986.    A.  imbdcAta. 


Genus  VII. 


CUNNINGHAM/^  R.Br.     The  Cunninohamia.    Lin.  Sysi.    Monce^cia 

Monadelphia. 

Synonymes.    Plnut  Lamb.^  BdlU  Sali»b. 

Derivcuion.  Named,  by  Mr.  Brown,  in  honour  of  Mr.  Jamet  Cimnhukam^  **  an  excdlent  obserrer 
in  bis  time,  by  whom  thii  plant  was  discovered ;  and  in  honour  of  Mr.  Allan  CimmffuAom,  the 
▼ery  deserving  bounist  who  accompanied  Mr.  Oxley  In  his  first  expedition  into  the  &terior  of 
New  South  Wales,  and  Captain  King  in  all  his  royaget  of  surrey  of  the  coast  of  New  Holland." 
{Sot.  Mag.,  t.  S743.) 

Gen.  Char.     Male  Jiawers  in  grouped  catkins.     PoUen  contained  in  3  cases 
that  depend  from  the  scale.     Female  with  3  ovules.     Strobile  ovate. 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  solitary,  scattered  in 
insertion,  more  or  less  2-ranked  in  direction ;  flat,  acuminate,  and  serrulate. 
—  Only  one  .species  has  been  discovered,  which  is  an  evergreen  moderate 
sized  tree,  a  native  of  China. 

i   1.  C.  siNE^NSis  Rich,     The  Chinese  Cunninghamia,  or  broaddeaved 

Chinese  Fir. 

Ideniifieatton.    Rich.  Conlf..  p.  149. 1. 18. ;  Lamb.  Pin.,  ed  3.,  2.  t.  &3. 

Synonymes.    BClis  Jaculifblia  Salisb.  In  Lin.  Trans.  8.  p.  316. ;  Plnus  lanceolita  Lamb.  Mjncg 
ed.  1. 1.  34. ;  Cunninghftnite  laaraoUta  R.  Br. ;  Arauciria  lanceoUta  Hort. 


1066  ARBORETUM    ET    FnUTICETlM    BKITANNICUH. 

Eifrawmfi.    Rich.  Conir..  t.  IS.:  Limb.  MoDdf.,  t6.  I,,  l.M.  i  Lamb.  Flo-,  ad.  1,  i.B.igv 

Spec.  Char,,  4^c.  Leaves  sessile,  deflexed.  and  spreading  in  crtij  direction, 
IJin.  long;  liuiceolate,  much  pointed,  rigid,  HRt,  quite  entire^  auiDevliK 
acabrouB   on   the   margin.     Male   catkins   tenninHl,   &scided,   cjtindjicd, 

scarcely   1  in.  long.     Cones  about  the  -■ '' '-   ■  ''       ' 

globose,  smooth.  Scales  ovate- acimiinaie,  conaceous,  SBarply 
on  the  marpin.  Branches  for  the  most  pan  verticillale,  spread 
tally.  (Lamb.)  A  middle-siwdeverereen  tree.  China.  Heights 
Introduced  in  1801,  and  rather  tender  in  British  gardens. 


For  many  rears  this  tree  was  kept  in  the  green-house:  but,  in  1616,  a  plioi 
una  turned  out  into  a  sheltered  part  of  the  pleasure-eround  at  Cloremom,  nbtn 
'  '■  without  protection  :  and,  though  injured  more  or  \em 
I,  in  1637,  IB  ft.  hich,  the  diameter  of  tbe  trunk  Tia., 
ihich  height  it  had  not  exceeded  in  IS41,  in  coai^ 
quence  of  the  top  having  been  frequently  broken  off'  by  heavy  snov.  It  ii 
Tery  readily  pro |)^aled  by  cuttings  ;  and  there  are  some  trees  at  DrojKata% 
raised  in  thia.  manner,  which  have  thrown  up  erect  stems  from  the  coGv. 
which  will  doubtless  Ibrm  as  handsome  trees  as  seedlings. 

Daitnumi  onentilia  Lami.  (Jig.  1969.),  native  of  Amboyna,  and  D.aiauib 
Lttvib.  {fii^.  1990.),  native  of  New  Zealand, are  described  and  figured  in  oor 
first  edition,  but  they  are  too  tender  for  the  open  garden. 


LxxviL  coni'ferje:  cupre'ssin£. 


1067 


Tribe  II.     CupftE'ssiNiE. 


EQGD 


The  Oipr^ssinae  diflfer  from  the  i^bictinae  in  bdng,  for  the  greater  part, 
shrubs  or  low  trees,  instead  of  lofty  trees.  They  are  all  evergreen,  with  the 
exception  of  one  species  of  Tax6dium  (T.  dlstichum,  the  deciduous  cypress) ; 
and  none  of  them  have  the  branches  disposed  in  whorls,  as  is  the  case  with 
all  the  pines  and  firs  without  exception.  The  greater  part  of  the  species  are 
natives  of  warm  climates,  and  comparatively  few  of  them  are  perfectly  hardy 
in  British  gardens.  One  only,  the  common  juniper,  is  a  native  of  Britain  ; 
but  between  30  and  40  foreign  species  and  varieties  endure  the  open  air  in 
England ;  and  8  or  10  of  these  (exclusive  of  Taxodium),  which  have  been 
not  less  than  30  or  40  years  in  the  country,  and  which  have  had  time  to 
display  their  shapes,  form  very  handsome  or  remarkable  evergreen  low  trees 
or  tall  shrubs ;  such  as  the  red  cedar,  the  white  cedar,  the  eastern  and  western 
arbor  vitse,  the  Phcenician  and  tall  juniper,  the  cedar  of  6oa,  the  common  and 
spreading  cypress,  &c.  The  greater  number  of  the  species,  or  alleged  species, 
have,  however,  been  but  a  short  time  in  Britain  ;  and  are  only  to  be  seen  as 
very  young  plants  in  the  nurseries,  or  in  very  choice  collections.  These  lately 
introduced  kinds  are  so  imperfectly  known  among  cultivators,  that  little  de- 
pendence is  to  be  placed  on  the  names  which  are  applied  to  them ;  and  there- 
fore ail  that  we  can  recommend  is,  that  they  should  be  as  extensively  introduced 
into  collections  as  possible,  in  order  that  they  may  grow  up  to  some  size,  and 
be  examined  in  vanous  situations  by  different  botanista  It  may  be  observed 
of  all  the  species  of  Cupressins,  that  it  is  not  easy  to  describe  by  words,  and 
scarcely  practicable  to  illustrate  by  figures  without  the  fruit,  many  of  the 
different  species  of  this  family ;  nevertheless,  to  a  practised  eye,  it  is  easy  to 
distinguish  the  three  leading  genera,  viz.  Thuja,  (Tupressus,  and  Juniperus,  by 
a  portion  of  the  branch,  without  either  flowers  or  fruit.  The  flattened,  two- 
edged,  scaly,  imbricated  shoots  of  all  the  thujas,  including  Callitris  Twhich 
may,  if  the  reader  chooses,  be  considered  a  sub-genus),  are  two-edged,  wnether 
the  specimen  be  young  or  old ;  those  of  Cupressus  are  scaly  and  imbricated, 
but  angular  or  roundish,  and  never  two-edged ;  and  those  of  ./unfperus,  in 
the  young  state  of  the  plants,  have  distinct  acerose  leaves,  generally  glaucous 
above,  and  ohen  in  threes  joined  at  the  base.  All  the  kinds  may  be  propa- 
gated by  layers  and  cuttings ;  and  the  more  common  species  ripen  seeds  in 
Britain  in  abundance.  The  seeds,  which  generally  lie  a  year  in  the  ground, 
may  be  sown  in  spring ;  and  the  young  plants  may  be  treated  in  all  respects 
like  those  of  the  pine  and  fir  tribe.  When  the  seeds  are  sown  in  autumn,  im- 
mediately after  being  gathered,  they  sometimes  come  up  the  following  year. 
Cuttings  should  be  made  in  autumn,  of  the  wood  of  the  same  year,  with  a 
small  portion  of  the  preceding  year's  wood  attached ;  and  they  should  be 
planted  in  sand,  or  in  a  very  sandy  loam,  in  a  shady  border,  and  covered  with 
hand-glasses.  Cuttings  put  in  in  September  will  form  callosities  at  their  lower 
extremities  the  same  autumn,  and  should  be  protected  by  mats  during  severe 
frosts  in  winter  :  the  following  autumn  they  will  be  ready  to  transplant. 
Layers  may  be  made  either  in  autumn  or  spring.  The  genera  have  been  thus 
arranged :  — 

T^u'JA.     Catkins  terminal,  solitary.    Pollen  in  4  cases.     Ovules  2.     Leaves 

scale-like,  imbricate. 
Ca'llitris.     Catkins  terminal,  solitary.    Pollen  in  2  to  5  cases.  Ovules  3  or 

more.     Leaves  scale-like,  opposite  or  whorled. 
CuPRE^ssus.     Catkins  solitary.   Pollen  in  4  cases.  Ovules  8  or  more.  Leaves 

imbricate. 
Taxo^diuh.    Catkins  disposed  in  compound  spikes,  female  ones  2  or  3  to- 


1068  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM  BRITANMICUM. 

gether.    Pollen  in  5  cases.    Ovules  2.     Leaves  linear,  in  2  ranks,  de- 
ciduous in  the  only  species  yet  introduced. 
JuNi'pBRUS.     Male  catkins  terminal,  female  ones  axillary,  few.    PcAes  is 
3  to  6  cases.    Ovule  one.    Fruit  pulpy.    Leaves  opposite  or  ternate,  rigid. 

Genus  VIII. 


aifflya 


THU'JA  L.     The  Arbor  Vita.    Lm,  SysL    Monce'cia  Monadclphii. 

Identification,  Lin.  G(>n.,  1078. ;  Juu.,  413. ;  Lamb.  PIDm  ecL  2.,  8. 
Synonymcs.  Thuya,  or  Arbre  de  Vie.  Fr.  \  Lebenibaum,  Ger. ;  TuJa,  ItaL 
Derivation.  From  tkyon^  sacrifice:  In  consequence  of  the  retin  of  the  Eaatera  Tarktjbctafaa' 
instead  of  incense  in  sacrifices,  why  it  was  called  Arbor  Vitse  Is  uncertain.  ParUncoa  isnte 
American  species  was  presented  to  Francis  I.  under  this  name,  and  that  it  has  been  cqcmp* 
erer  since,  though  for  what  reason  he  knows  not  It  was  called  the  Arbor  Vit»  by  ChsBi 
Royle  mentions  that.  In  the  East,  the  cypress  is  called  the  tree  of  life ;  and  that  iu  berries,  *&,« 
considered  a  cure  for  all  diseases. 

Gen,  Char,  Male  flowers  in  a  terminal  solitary  catkin.  PoUm  of  each  flower 
included  in  4  cases,  that  are  attached  to  the  inner  face  of  the  scale,  to«anis 
its  base.  —  Female  flower  in  terminal  catkins.  Ovary  connate  vith  ibe 
bractea ;  the  two  conjoined  may  be  termed  a  receptacle.  Omdes  2  to  ndi 
receptacle.  Receptacles  semi-peltate,  imbricated,  smooth,  or,  in  some,  hsncf 
a  recurved  beak  near  the  tip.  Seeds  inconspicuously  winged,  or  not  wii^ 
Coti/ledons  2,     Branchleis  compressed. 

Leaves  simple,  alternate  or  opposite,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  2-rovd, 
scale-like,  closely  imbricated,  compressed.  Flowers  yellowish. — Trees  lar- 
row,  pyramidal,  and  evergreen ;  or  large  ^tigiate  shrubs  ;  natives  of  A^ 
Africa,  and  North  America,  and  for  the  most  part  hardy  in  British  ^rdo^ 
The  species  have  been  divided  by  Professor  Don  into  the  following  na- 
tions:— 

i.  Thujce  ver(B,  Cones  oblong-compressed  ;  scales  consisting  of  a  defiaitc 
number  (4  or  6),  coriaceous,  smooth,  with  one  tubercle  under  tke 
apex  ;  two  exterior  ones  shortened,  boat-shaped.  Seeds  compressed 
winged.  To  this  belong  T,  occident^iis  L.,  T.  plicata  Donn^  tod  t 
chilensis  D.  Don,  In  T,  occidentalis  the  seeds  are  flattened,  tb^ 
all  round,  emarginate  at  the  apex. 

ii.  Biota,  Cones  roundish,  squarrose ;  scales  indefinite  in  number,  pcte> 
woody.  Seeds  bellying,  crustaceous,  without  wings.  To  this  belooc^ 
T,  orientalis  L, 

iii.  Cyparissa,  Cones  roundish  ;  scales  indefinite  in  number,  peltate,  woodr. 
Seeds  winged  at  the  apex.  To  this  belong  T,  cupressoides  L,  T. 
pensilis  D,  Don,  and  T,  p^ndula  D.  Don, 

§  i.  Thuja  vera. 
f    \.  T,  OCCIDENT A^ LIS  L,   The  Western,  or  American^  Arbor  Vita. 

JdentifleaHon.    Hort.  Cliff.,  449. ;  Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept,  S.  p.  646. ;  Michx.  N.  Amer.  Sri..  J. P-^ 
Synonymes.     Tliilja  TheophrfcstJ  Bauh.  Pin.  488. ;  Arbor  Vltse  ««<.  Hist.  1.  p.  86. ;  »U«e  Wii 

Amrr.  \  CMre  am€rlcain,  Cddre  blanc,  Arbre  de  Vie,  Fr.\  gemelner  Lebensbawm.  Gtr.\  i*^ 

de  Vita,  Ital. 
Engravfngt.    Michx.  Arb.,  3.  t.  29. ;  the  plate  of  this  tree  in  Arb.  Brit,  1st  ed:t.,  toL  riiL ;  w^ 

JQ.  1991. 

Spec,  Char,,  Sfc.  Branchlets  2-cdged.  Leaves  imbricated  in  4  rows,  oW" 
rhomboid,  adpressed,  naked,  tuberculated.  Cones  obovate ;  interior  sa^ 
truncate,  gibbous  beneath  the  apex.  ( WUld,)  A  moderate-sized  crergreeB 
tree,  or  large  shrub.  Canada.  Height  40  ft.  to  50  ft.  In  cultintioo  in 
England  since  1596.  Flowering  in  May,  and  ripening  its  cones  in  tbe 
following  autumn. 


LXXVII.    CONI  FERf  :    THU'JA.  1069 

f  T.  «.  8  vanegata  Manh.  p.  843.      T.  o.  f&Hia  vBiie^tis  Lodd,  Cat. 
1836. — Leaves  variegated. 

The  frondose-like  foliage  is  numeroiuly  ramified,  and  flattened,  or  spread 
out  laterally.  The  leaves  we  small,  opposite,  imbricated  seales :  when  bruised, 
they  diflii.'-e  a  strong  aromatic  odour.  The  senes  are  separate  upon  the  same 
tree.  The  male  catkins  are  in  the  form  of  small  cones,  which,  when  ripe,  are 
Yellowish,  about  4  lines  in  length,  and  composed  of  oblong  scales,  whicli  open 
throughout  their  whole  length  for  the  escape  of  several  minute  seeds,  each  of 


which  is  surmounted  by  a  short  wing.  Compared  with  the  Oriental,  or  Chioese, 
arbor  vitte,  the  American  species  is  a  loose  irregular-headed  tree,  with  the 
branches  much  more  horizontal  than  in  that  species.  The  rate  of  growch,  io 
the  climate  of  LondoD,  is  from  6  in.  to  1  ft.  in  a  year.  In  ten  years,  in  ft- 
vcur^le  soils,  it  will  attain  the  height  of  10  or  13  feet ;  and  in  30  or  40  years, 
in  moist  sheltered  situations,  drawn  up  by  other  trees,  it  will  attain  the  height 
of  30  or  40  feet.  The  most  common  use  of  this  tree  in  America  is  for  rural 
fences,  for  which  it  is  highly  esteemed.  The  posts  last  35  or  40  years,  and 
the  rails  60  years  j  or  three  or  four  times  ns  longns  those  of  any  other  species. 
The  posts  remain  undecayed  twice  as  long  In  argillaceous  as  in  sandy  soils. 
In  Britain,  the  American  arbor  vitse  can  only  be  considered  as  an  ornamental 
shrub  or  low  tree  ;  thriving  well  in  any  soil,  even  in  the  most  exposed  situa- 
tions, but  attaining  its  largest  size  in  low,  sheltered,  and  moist  places.  It 
grows  much&ster  than  the  oriental  arbor  vitce,  bears  the  knife  and  the  shears. 


grounds.     Readily  propagated  by  seeds,  which  are  procured  in  abundance  from 


is  frequently  employed  to  form  hedges  for  shelter  in  gardens  and  nursery 
Readily  propagated  b^  seeds,  which  are  procurei'  ■      '       ■ 
ir  gathered  from  British  trees,  or  by  cuttings. 

I  •  2,'  T.  (o.)  puca'ta  Dotin.     The  plicate,  or  Nee't,  Arbor  Vitsc. 
Irimfficetioii.    [>QiinMDn.Caauh.6.p.M9.  i  Lamb.  Pin.,  «l.  1.,  2.  Ko.ei. 
Higratlng.    Onrjjg,  !I08.Iti  p.  Ilia 
Spec.  Char,,  Sfc.     Branchlets  compressed,  spreading.     Leaves  rhomboid.ovate, 

acute,   adpressed,   imbricated  in  4  rows,  naked,   tubercled  in  the  middle. 

Cones  oblong,  nodding.  Seeds  obcord ate.  {Lamb.  Pm,')    A  tree resembliij); 

the  preceding  species,  but  smaller.     Mexico,  and  the  western  shores  of 


1070  ARBORETUM    £T    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

Ntn-th  America,  at  Nootka  Sound.     Hei^t  80  i^  to  30  fc     loiroduccd  m 
1796,  and  frequent  in  coUecdons. 

A  very  branch}',  spreading,  light  green  tree.     Branches  crowded,  covered 
with  a  reddish  brown  bark  ;  branchleta  dense,  often  divided,  pectin*ie    cod- 

t  3.  r.  CHiLBNMs  Lamb.     The  Cbiti  Arbor  Vitte. 
IifflUiitcUAM.    Umb.  PtD^ed.  1..1.  p,  191.,  No.ei. 
Armaii/mt.    OlpHuDi  IhiOIdH  /■mm  MXS. 

Spec.  Char,,^c,  Branchlets  Jointed,  spreading,  compressed.  Leaves  ante- 
oUong,  obtuse,  somewKat  S-nngled,  imbricaled  in  4  rows,  adpreaaed.  nakrd. 
furrowed  on  both  sides.  Cones  oval-oblong  ;  scales  4,  comprrssed,  clhptic, 
obtuse.  Seeds  winged  at  the  apex,  entire.  (Lamb.)  A  beautifiil  ilvk 
green  spreading  tree.  Chih,  on  the  Andes.  Height  30  (t.  to  40  ft.  Kot 
yet  introduced. 

§  ii.  Biota. 
1  4.  T.  orienta'lis  L.     The  Oriental,  w  Ckimrtr,  Arbor  VltK. 

EtgratintM.    DiDd.Yrtl..  I,  1*9.  i'  >iid  ouj  fg-  19»- ' 

Spec.  Char.,  i/c.  Branchlets  £-«i{!ed.  Leaves  imbricated  in  4  rows,  orate- 
riiomboid,  adpressed.  furrowed  along  the  middle.  Cones  elliptic ;  intcricr 
scales  blunt,  mucronate  beneath  the  apex.  (WiiliL)  A  tow  evergreen  tree, 
or  fHstigiate  sbnib.  China  and  Sibena,  in  rockj  situallons  ;  and  abo  on 
the  mountains  of  Japan.  Height  18  ft.  to  20  ft.  Introduced  in  ITSi. 
Flowering  in  Maj,  and  ripening  lis  brown  cones  in  the  following  auinmn. 

t  T.o.  S  ttricta  Hort.  T.  pyramidalis  BrnoH.  Cat.  ed.  1837  ;  and  ike 
plate  of  this  tree  in  Arb.  Brit.,  \K  ed,  vol.  viii. — More  &stigiate  tha 
the  species  in  its  habit  of  growth. 

■  T.  o.  3  lalatica.  T.  tat^rica  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836  ;  T.  WareimB  Bootb 
Cat.  1S39. — Leaves,  and  the  entire  plant,  rather  smallo-  than  in  dit 


A  low  tree  or  large  shrubj  diatinguishable,  at  firtf  sight, fitm the  Asmmm 


Lxxvu.  coni'fers:  THV^JA.  1071 

arbor  vitfe,  by  its  more  denae  habit  of  growth,  by  its  branches  being  chiefly 
turned  upwards,  and  by  its  leave*  or  Bcates  being  smaller,  closer  logelher, 
and  of  a  lighter  green.  It  is  a  more  compact-growing  and  handsomer  apecics 
than  the  American  arbor  vits.  and  quite  hardy  in  the  climate  of  London. 
where,  in  fine  seasons,  it  ripens  teeds.  Theiie  are  generally  sown  in  pots  im- 
mediately after  they  are  gathered  in  autumn,  in  wnich  case  the  plants  come 
up  the  following  summer  ;  but,  if  the  seeds  are  not  sown  till  spring,  they  fre- 
quently do  not  come  up  for  a  year.  Layers  generally  require  two  years  to 
It  sufficiently  ;  and  cuttings  are  rather  more  difficult  to  strike  than  those  of 
lants  are  somewhat  tendc 
le  climate  of  Edinburgh. 

j  iii.     Cypartssa. 
T.  oupreasoides  L.  a  native   of  the  Cape  of  Good   Hope,  and   T.  p^nrilis 
Lamb.,  a  native  of  China,  exemplify  ibis  icclion,  and  are  described  at  length 
-  in  our  first  edition,  but  they  are  too  tender  for  the  o;>en  garden. 

i  3.  T.  fe'ndula  LaaA.     The  pendulous,  or  tereping.  Arbor  Vitx. 

IilnUtfailiim.    Lunh.  Pin.,  cd.  1,  9.  t.  67. 

S«iw>»vi.    7  r.  BUrAtmli  laU.  :  ?  Junf|ienu  BigTlllKmill  Hetl.    (Sm  Nm.  «.  Uld  B.  In  p.  inE.I 

Smfrarintt.    Lunb.  Fin..  «L  s.,  t.  (.  «7.  i  our  j^.  l»»t.  to  OUT  una]  tale ;  ud  Jig.  lasL  or  lta> 

Spec,  char.,  Jr.  Leaves  opposite  and  decussating,  spreading,  lanceolate,  mu- 
cronulate,  keeled,  somewhat  distant.  Cones  globose^  Scales  convex, 
smooth.  Branches  filiform,  pendulous.  (Lamb.)  Branches  very  long, 
hanging  down  in  the  niost  graccfiil  manner  ;  light  green.  Cones  globose, 
about  the  size  of  a  wild  cherry.  6-valved  ;  v^ves  roundish,  very  thick, 
fungous,  externally  convex,  smooth,  A  low  evergreen  tree.  Chinese 
Tartary.  Height  ?,  Introduced  in  ISOO,  or  probably  before. 
Only  two  large  plants  are  known  to  be 

in   Bntun,    one   m   the   Chelsea  Botunju 

(iarden,  and  the  other  ui  the  urbcretum  at 

Kew ;  from  both  of  which   cuttings   have 


been  struck   in   1837   and   1838.      A  very   remarkable   and  very  deairable 
species  ;  quite  hardy,  and  not  very  difficult  to  propagate. 

T.  filiformis  Lodd.  (probably  T.  pendula  Lamb.),  of  which  there  are  youi^ 
plants  in  the  collection  at  Hackney,  is  noticed  in  our  first  edition ;  and  T. 
dolabratu  L.,  a  Urge  lofty  tree,  a  native  of  Japan,  is  described  at  length,  but 
DOt  yet  inCroducecC 


1072 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUK. 


Genus  IX. 

CA'LLITRIS  Venf,    The  Callitris.   Lm.  Syst.  Monoe'cia  Monadelphia. 

Identification.    Vent  Dec.  Nov.  G«n. ;  R.  Brown  in  LItt. ;  Richd.  H6in.  sur  !«•  OmiSns,  p.  UL 
Sgnonyme*.     ThOJAt  part  of,  JLAi. ;  Fresndlia  Mirbel  Mem  Miu. 

Gen.  Char.     Male  flowert  in  terminal  solitary  catkins.     PoUen  of  each  flow^ 

contained  in  2 — 5  cases,  attached  to  the  lower  part  of  the  scale,  whkb  xt 

peltate.  —  Female  flowert  in  terminal  catkins,  of  4 — 6  ovaries  ;  or  else  re» 

ceptacles,  each  spreading  at  the  tip,  and  disposed  upon  so  short  an  axis  v, 

to  seem,  in  the  state  of  fruit,  the  valves  of  a  regular  pericarp,  at  which  time 

each  has  a  mucro  near  the  tip.     Ovules  3  or  many  to  each  ovary,  or  n- 

ceptacle.     Seed  winged.  ((?.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite  or  whorled,  exstipulate,  evergreen  ;  linear,  scales 

shaped,  situated  under  the  joints   of  the  branches.     Flowers  jellovisb. 

— Trees  evergreen,  low,  or  shrubs,  with  jointed  branches  ;  natives  of  Afrka, 

with  the  habit  of  Cupr^ssus  or  Tliuja. 

This  genus  was  established  from  the  Tliuja  articulata  of  Desfootaines.  It 
diSers  from  the  genus  Thi^a  in  having  the  scales  of  the  female  catkins  con- 
stantly from  4  to  6,  all  opening  like  the  valves  of  a  r^ylar  pericarp  ;  and  in 
having,  at  the  base  of  each  of  these  scales,  a  number  of  seeds,  winged  on  the 
margin,  whereas  in  T^uja  they  are  wanting,  or  inconspicuous. 

1  1.  C.  QUADRivA'LVis  Vent.    The  four-valved  Callitris. 

Identification.    Venten.it,  Dec.  Not.  Gen. ;  Rich.  Mtei.  lur  let  ConiAret,  p.  46. 

SynonymeM.     Tti^Si  articulata  Derf.  All.  3.  p.  353.,  Arb.  et  Arbriu.  2.  p.  S76. ;  CUprfesus  uticclia 

Pin.  nob.  p.  191. 
Eneravinat.    N.  Du  Ham.,  S.  t.  6. : 

Lodd.  Bot  Cab.,  t.  844. ;  and  our 
^.  1995.  from  speclmena  received 

from  M.  Otto  of  Berlin. 

Spec.  Char.,  Spc,  Leaves  flat- 
tened, articulate.  Female 
catkin  tetragonal,  with  4 
oval  valves,  each  furnished 
with  a  point,  and  2  of  which 
bear  seerls.  (Desf.)  A  low 
evergreen  tree.  Barbary. 
Height  15  ft.  to  20  ft.  In- 
troduced  in  1815,  and  flow- 
ering from  February  to 
May. 

Rather  tender  in  the  open 
air  in  the  climate  of  London, 
but  may  be  kept  against  a 

^b\\.  1995.    C.  qaadriTil«|4. 


f  C,  Foihergilli.  ?  Cuprcssus  FothergfUi. — There  are  young  plants  of  tJos 
name  at  Elvaston  Castle,  and  in  some  of  the  nurserits,  which  m  genetal  k»- 
pearance  resemble  the  common  evergreen  cypress. 

t  C.  triquetra.  C'upressus  triquetra  Lodd.  Cat.  ed,  1836. — A  native  of  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  introduced  in  1820.  There  are  plants  at  Mesrs. 
Loddiges's,  and  al>o  at  Elvaston  Castle,  where  it  has  stood  oat  three  }~ears, 
and  appears  quite  hardy. 

i  C.  cuprcssijomiis  Vent.,  Loud.  Hort.  Brit  p.  490.  —  A  natiTe  of  Xcw 
Holland,  introduced  in  1826.  There  are  small  plants  of  it  in  various  nur- 
series. 

1  C,  macrostdchya  Hort. — There  is  a  plant  at  Elvaston  Castle. 


L3CXVII.  coni'fer^:  cupre'ssus.  1073 

Genus  X. 


mE 


CTJPRE'SSUS  L,    The  Cypress.    Lm.  Syst.  Monce^cia  Monad^hia. 


Gen.  Char,  Male  flower  in  terminal  solitary  catkins.  PoUen  of  each  flower 
contained  in  4  cases,  attached  to  the  scale  on  the  inner  fiice  at  the  lower 
edge.  Scalet  peltate.  —  Female  flowert  with  the  ovaries  connate  with  the 
bractea,  and  constituting  a  receptacle.  Ovnlei  to  each  receptacle  8  or  more. 
Strobile  globose.  Recepiaclet,  as  included  in  the  strobile,  peltate,  having 
an  obscure  tubercle  at  the  tip  ;  disposed  collaterally,  not  inibricately.  Seeds 
compressed,  angular ;  affixed  to  tne  narrow  basal  part  of  the  receptacle. 
Cotyiedont  2. 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen  ;  adpressedly  imbricated, 
linear.  Floioers  yellowish. — Evergreen  trees,  or  large  shrubs  ;  natives  of 
Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America ;  remarkable  for  the  fine  grain  and  dura- 
bility of  their  wood;  propagated  by  seeds,  which  require  the  same  soil  and 
treatment  as  the  ^bietinae. 

1  1.  C.  SEMPERvrRENs  L,    The  common^  or  evergreen.  Cypress. 

IdfutiftcatfoH.    Hort.  Cliff..  449. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  3.  p.  3. ;  Lam.  Diet.,  1. 

Synonyme*.    C.  pyramldllis  Hort. ;  ?  C.  fastlgUta  Hort.  and  Pm.  fVob.  p.  186. ;  Cyprds  pyrairiida], 

Cyprdt  ordinaire,  Fr. ;  gemelne  CTpreMentMum,  Ger. ;  the  Italian  Cypress. 
Engravingt.    Dend.  Brit.,  t.  iftd. ;  N.  Du  Ham..  3.  1 1. 127 ;  the  plates  of  this  tree  in  Arb.  Brit., 

1st  edit..  Tol.  Till. ;  and  oury^.  1996. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Branchlets  quadrangular.  Leaves  imbricated  in  4  rows, 
obtuse,  adpressed,  convex.  Cones  globose ;  scales  mutic.  Branches  straight. 
(Willd.)  A  fastigiate  evergreen  tree.  South  of  Europe,  Greece,  Turkey, 
JPersia,  and  Asia  Minor.  Height,  in  its  native  country,  50  f^.  to  60  ft. ;  in 
the  climate  of  London,  30  ft,  to  40  ft.,  rarely  50  ft.  Introduced  before  1546. 
Flowering  in  April  and  May,  and  ripening  its  dark  brown  cones  in  the  fol- 
lowing March  or  April 

Varieties. 

f  Cs.l  strfcla  Mill.  Diet.  Cypres  male,  Fr.  —  Branches  upright,  and 
closely  pressed  towards  the  trunk.  It  is  the  most  common  form 
of  the  species.  (See  the  plate  of  C.  sempervirens  in  Arb.  Brit.,  Ist 
edit.,  vol.  viii.) 

i  C.  «.  2  horkontalis  Mill.  Diet.  C  horizontals  N.  Du  Hmn.  3.  p.  6. ; 
C.  exp&nsa  Hort.  Par. ;  Cipresso  femino  Ital,  —  Branches  spread- 
ing. (See  the  plate  of  this  tree  in  Arb.  Brit.,  Ist  edit.,  vol.  viii.) 
There  is  an  old  tree  of  this  variety  in  the  Chelsea  Botanic  Garden, 
which  by  some  is  considered  a  species  ;  and  in  the  Gard.  Mag,  for 
1839,  p.  696.,  an  engraving  is  given  of  the  Cypress  of  Mistra,  which 
appears  to  be  of  this  variety.  The  latter,  when  measiu*ed  by  the  Earl 
of  Aberdeen  in  1803,  had  a  trunk  26  fl.  in  circumference  at  4  ft.  from 
the  ground,  and  appeared  to  be  150  ft.  high. 

The  cone  of  the  cypress  is  composed  of  laree,  angular,  corky  scales,  slightly 
conyex  on  the  outside,  streaked  in  rays,  and  mucronate  in  the  centre ;  be- 
coming woody  and  separating  when  ripe ;  on  the  inside,  ending  in  a  thick 
angular  peduncle,  to  the  extremity  of  which  adhere  4  little  nuts,  which  are 
bony,  obovate,  compressed,  or  irregularly  angular,  and  covered  with  a  thin 
membranaceous  skin  of  a  dun  colour.  The  seed  is  of  a  bay  colour,  and  of  a 
linear-oblong  shape.    The  wood  is  hard,  fragrant,  and  of  a  remarkably  fin^ 

3  z 


ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITAKMICUH. 


,  vhich  Plinj  nn  it 
e  o(  London,  vill  STtn^c,  for 
the  first  8  or  10  years,  from  1  ft.  to  I  ft.  6  in,  a  year  ;  after  which  the  tree 
grows  more  ■lowly  ;  and,  when  it  ha^  attained  its  tiill  size,  and  is  btitwna 
30  ft.  and  40  ft,  high,  it  will  live  many  years  without  any  perceptible  uicreaK 
in  dimensions.  Any  common  garden  .soil  suits  the  cypress;  but  it  attains  in 
Isfgest  size  in  such  soils  as  are  rather  dry  and  deep,  and  in  ^tuatioos  ibeltend 
ratlier  than  eipoaed.  It  may  be  propagated  eitiier  by  cuttings  or  aceda  ;  the 
former  being  put  in  in  autumn,  end  treated  like  those  of  ?1ii(JB.  The  coiMS, 
vhich  appear  to  be  ripe  in  autumn,  are  not  perfectly  so.  but  require  to  ban^ 
on  the  trees  till  the  following  March  or  Apnl,  They  may  then  be  gaibettd, 
and  jilaced  in  a  warm  room,  or  in  a  box  or  ba9ket,and  &ct  in  a  dr}'  stove.  la 
a  few  days  ihe  scales  will  open,  when  the  cones  may  be  thrashed  and  tlte 
seeds  collected  :  they  may  be  immediately  afterwards  sown,  and  treated  like 
those  of  the  ^Ibietine,  In  England,  it  is  common  to  i>ow  the  seeds  in  Bu 
paiu  or  in  boxes  ;  because,  as  they  are  somewhat  tender  when  they  first  cone 
up,  thej  admit  of  being  more  readily  protected  by  being  carried  to  a  pit. 
Unlike  the  seeds  of  the  genus  T'huja,  which  commonly  lie  in  the  gTaui<tl  ■ 
year,  those  of  the  cypress  come  up  in  three  or  four  weeks.  Tbey  grow  to 
the  height  of  3  or  +  inches  the  first  season,  anil  may  1«  transplanted  into  potl, 
and  kept  in  a  pit  through  the  winter.  At  the  end  of  the  second  autumn,  tbcy 
may  be  planted  where  they  are  finally  to  remtun  ;  but,  if  it  be  tboushi  neco- 
tary,  they  may  be  kept  three  or  four  years  in  pots ;  shifting  them  frei^uently, 
or  allowing  them  to  remain  in  the  pot  unshifted,  according  as  the  object  miy 
be  to  produce  large  plantii,  or  to  concentrate  the  roots  in  a  small  ball,  so  ii 
to  occupy  less  space  in  sending  the  trees  to  a  distance.  When  the  ci'pressil 
planted  where  it  is  finally  to  remain,  and  the  situation  and  soil  arc  suiubk;  it 
may  be  said  to  require  no  Farther  attention  during  the  whole  of  its  exiucoce. 
it  always  grows  erect,  so  that  no  care  is  requisite  to  train  up  a  leading  ibool ; 
and.  Ha  its  branches  occupy  little  space,  it  seldom  or  never  recjuircs  pnmiBg. 

t  2.  C.  iHToioEs  L.     The  Thuja-like  Cypress,  or  While  Cedar. 

Ktpmmgt.    N.  Ihl  Uud.,  3.  t.  t.  [  N.  Aliwc,  Sfl..).  I 


LX:fVll.   CONl'PERX:   CUPRe'ssus. 


1075 


^xc.  Char^  ^c.  Bnuichleta  compreawd.  Lenves  imbricated  in  4  rows,  orate, 
tuberculate  at  the  base.  (Wilid.)  An  evergreen  tree  j  in  England  a  shrub. 
New  England  to  Carolina,  in  deep  swamps.  Hci^t,  in  the  southerD  ttatea 
of  AmericB,  70  ft.  to  80  ft. ;  in  the  climate  of  London,  10  ft.  to  15  ft„  rarely 
30ft.  Introduced  in  1736.  Flowering  in  April  and  May,  and  ripening  its 
4:ones  about  the  same  time  in  the  following  year. 

Farietiei. 

t   C  t.  2  fi&t  Boriegatit.  —  Leaves  variegated,  or  blotched  with  white. 
1   G  t.  3  nana  HoH,  —  Habit  dwarf,     Eieter  Nursery. 
The  white  cedar,  in  the  cli- 
mate of   London,   is   of   slow 

growth,  seldom   exceeding  the 

hei^t  of  4 or  5 feet  in  10  or  IS 

years,   and   but   rarely    found 

above  that  height.     Cones  are 

sometimes    imported  ;   and  the 

seeds  may   be    sown   early    in 

spring,   and   treated   b   all  re- 

apectn  like  those  of  Cupr^ssus 

sempervirens :   it  may  also  be 

propagated  by  cutting ;   and, 

ui  the  London  nurseries,  it  is 
raised  by  layers. 

*  Ttmm,     The  Cedar  of  Goa,  or  Portuguese  Cypress. 


^Mc.  Ckar^  4^.     Branches  flexuosc,  spreading ;  branchlets  quadrangular. 


1076  ARBORETUM    ET    FItUTICETUM    BRITANHICUH. 

Leaves  imbricated  in  4  roirg,  acutt^  keeled,  sIbucous,  adpressed.  (LatA. 
Pin.)  A  branchy  evergreen  tree  ;  in  England  a  shrub.  Qoa,  in  the  Enc 
Indies,  and  for  many  years  cultivated  in  FortugBl.  Height  AO  fl.  ;  in  En^ 
hind,  15ft.  to  30ft,  IntroduceJ  in  1683.  Howeringin  April  iod  Maj, 
and  ripening  its  conea  in  the  following  spring. 

This  species,  in  the  chmate  of  London,  attains  the  height  of  10  or  lifettii 
twelve  years,  and  forins  a  remarkably  handsome  low  tree,  with  sprmfii^ 
branches,  somewhat  pendulous,  and  covered  with  fine  glaucous  foliage.  In  tbc 
winter  of  163T-8,  however,  it  was  every  where  killed  to  the  ground.  Hw 
tree  is  obundant  at  Biissaco,  near  Coimbra,  in  Portugal,  whence  cones  niibl 
be  imported,  and  thus  so  fine  a  tree  rendered  frequent  in  eollectiom.  lt> 
seeds  may  be  treated  like  those  of  the  white  cedar  ^  or  it  may  be  propapU't 
by  cuttings,  as  in  21tuja. 

The  Bkotan,  or  twist^,  Cyprew. 

_.    .    .In-od.  a.S.  No.  M.!  D.  DonlnProdrDinii.N.p«lBn.l.,  na 

Hon.  Soc.  G»d«i.aiiil  ifenviiii  the  nrj  dlOinDL  ippeuiim  Uiu  [lis  ihwu  ■uiuh  no  lU  •a> 

plut,  ud  Ibu  eim  *  joaaf  one. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate-obtuse,  imbricated  in  4  rows.  Gattuhu 
globose,  pedicellate.  Scales  bossed.  Branchtets  round,  knotted,  divari- 
cate, crowded,  spreading.  (LniiiA.)  A  beautiful,  pyramidal,  muchJtfandxA 
evergreen  tree.  Nepal,  on  the  Bhotan  Alps,  at  1500  (i.  above  the  m. 
Hei^t  30  ft.     Introduced  in  1834.     Flowermg  In  April. 


Branches  crowded,  ascending ;  branchlets  much  crowded,  round,  divaricati; 
■reading,  knotted,  S  in.  to  6  m.  long,  very  closely  imbricated  with  leiies- 
_eaves  small,  ovate^btuse,  convex,  smooth,  imbricated  in  4  rows,  adprctscd. 
green ;  adult  ones  persistent,  and  blling  off  with  the  bark.  Only  yoong  nnlc 
catkins  seen.  It  appears  tolerably  hanly,  and  is  remarkably  hanibome;  mi 
abundance  of  plants  in  -'- '— 


K 


1  5.  C.  pe'ndula  Thunb.     The  weeping  Cypress. 

.  p.  169.  I  WUM.  3[>.  PI.,  4.  p.  sit. ;  SU 

l.M.  .Slunt.  Embau.,  t  tl.;  oar  Jig. 
■hovlDg  puti  of  the  fthooli 


long,  pendulous ;  ,        „ 

spreading.     An  evergreen  tree.     China,  said  to  have  been 
introduced  in  1608.  but  respecting  which  we  know  nothing  ^ 
with   certmnty.      The  pendulous  cypress,   or   TTuya,   at    i 
Chelsea  and  in  the  Kew  arboretum,  may  possibly  be  the   i 
ume  dt  Thunberg's  plant. 


LXXTll.    COMI'FERA:   TAXO  DIUH. 


C.  horixoTttaJii  Audibert. — This  plant  has  been  already  Blludet!  to  (p.  1073.) 
•>  being  considered  bv  some  to  be  the  some  as  the  spreading  variety  of  C.  sem- 
pervirena ;  and  by  others  as  a  dietinct  speciea. 

C.  thurifera  H.  B.  et  Kunth,  Linnjea,  vol.  xii.  p.  493.— A  tree  from  50  ft. 
to  fiO  ft.  high,  with  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  acummate-pointed,  scarcely  a  line  in 
length ;  those  on  the  yonng  shoots  about  4-  of  a  line  long.  Mexico,  at  the 
height  of  aOOOft.     Introduced  in  183H.     Hart.  Soc. 

C  ToaTTtefartu  Aud^Kri. — The  plant  bearing  thia  name  in  the  Horticultural 
Society's  Garden,  received  I'rom  Audibert  in  ISSi,  is  a  ft.  hiph, 

C.  baccifTBiH  Willd.— A  hardy  tree,  20  ft.  high.     Introduced  in  1818, 
C.  amlral'a  Pers. — A  shrub  svith  slender  branches,  a  native  of  New  Holland, 
and  rather  tender. 

C.  Babiiiiiiilei  H.  B.  et  Kunth.  —  A  very  doubtful  species. 
C.  Coulleru  Pin.  Wo6.  p.  100.— Mexico.     Raised  from  seeds  in  the  Glas- 
nevin  Botanic  Garden  in  1837.  ?  C.  thurffera  H.  B.  el  Kunlh. 

C.  fa>ligiala  Hort.,  Pin,  Wob.  p.  1S6.,  (Jaid.  Mag.  1839  p.  871.  Juni- 
perus  bstigiata  Horl. — Said  to  he  distinguished  from  C.  sempervirens  by  its 
"very  blue  glaucous  leaves")  but  ajiparently  nothing  but  C.  sempervirens  (of 
which  it  is  the  common  name  in  many  parts  of  the  Continent),  as  indicated 
under  that  species. 

Genus  XI. 


TAXO'DIUM  Bich.     The  TAxoDitia,  or  DECrnuous  Crmsss.     tin.  Sytt. 

MoncE  cia  Monad^lphia. 
JdtKliflcallt^    Rich.  Cooir..p.  l«. ;  Lmh  Ph...  eil  J^ 3. 

Gert.  Char.  Malefiowert  in  catkins,  disposeil  in  a  compound  pyramidal  spike. 
Pollen  of  each  flower  borne  in  5  cases,  attached  to  the  scale  at  its  inner 
base.— Z"™"'?  fio't-ni  in  catkins.  2—3  together ;  near  the  base  of  the  spike 
of  catkins  of  male  flowers  i  each  consisting  of  a  small  number  of  flowers. 
Omdei  8  to  an  ovary.  Strobile  globose.  Scalei  peltate,  angled.  Seed  angled 
in  outline,  and  having  angular  projections  on  the  surface ;  its  integument 
verj'  thick.     Colyledom  6 — 7. 


1078  ARBORETUM   £T    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

Leaves   simple,  alternate,    exstipulate,    deciduous  ;     2 -ranked.  Knar 
Flowers  yellowish,  powdery,  inconspicuous. 

Lofty  deciduous  trees,  natives  of  the  southern  part  of  North  America ;  sen* 
rated  from  the  genus  Cupr^ssus,  principally  because  the  male  catkins  are  ^ 
posed  in  loose  spreading  bunches,  instead  of  being  solitary  and  terminal ;  tnd 
Decause  the  female  catkins  are  roundish  and  scaly,  like  the  male,  and  eadi 
scale  has  only  2  perfect  flowers.  The  genus  is  also  distinguished  bj  tbe 
embryo  having  from  5  to  9  cotyledons.  The  species  are  generally  propagited 
by  seeds,  and  the  varieties  by  cuttings,  layers,  or  inarching. 

1C  1.  T.  Di^sTiCHUM  Bidi.    The  two-ranked-leaved  Taxodium,  or  Decidmn 

Cjfpress, 

Ident^ficttHon.    Rich.  M£m.  sur  les  Conif.,  p.  58. 143  ;  Lamb.'Pin.,  ed.  8.,  S.  t.  6S. 

Synot^fmei.    Ctiprissui  disticha  Li$t.  Sp.  PL  1432.,  Piir«A  Fl.  Amer.  Sepi. :  C.  uneridtan  CM.CtnL 

1.  p.  11. ;  C.  vlrgfniina  Comm.  Hort.  1.  p.  113. ;  Schub^rtfo  disdcha  Af/rd. ;  bald  CrvrcM,  t^fprWi 

Amer. ;  Cypr^  de  rAm&rlque,  Cyprte  chauve,  Fr. ;  iweyselllge  Cypr««ca,  Ger.  \  CipnuoptP'* 

JtaL 
Engrannftt.    Rich.  Conlf.,  1. 10  ;  Michx.  North  Amer.  Syl.,  S.;  Lamb.  Fln^  ed.1,  t6S.;lki 

plates  of  thU  tree  In  Arb.  Brit.,  lit  edit.,  toL  rilL ;  and  our>^.  9006. 

Spec.  Char.y  ^c.  Leaves  2-rowed,  flat,  deciduous.  Male  flowers  leaflea  and 
panicled.  Cones  somewhat  globose.  (IVUld,)  A  lofty  deddiioiis  tree. 
Florida,  and  on  the  Delaware  and  Mississippi,  in  swampy  ground.  Heigbt 
100  ft.  to  150ft.;  in  England,  50  ft.  to  80  ft.  Introduced  before  1^ 
It  flowers  in  May,  and  the  cones,  which  are  brown,  are  ripened  in  the  sfnp^ 
of  the  following  year. 

Varieties. 

t  T.  d.  I  patens  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  2.  v.  p.  323. — Leaves  apfiron- 

mate,  and  strictly  2-rowed.     This  is  the  most  common  form. 
It  T.   d.    2   nutans,  1.  c.     T.    d.  p^ndula 

Loud.     Hort,    Brit.  —  Leaves    much 

longer  than  those  of  the  species,  and 

drooping,  but  more  remote  and  thinner 

in  texture,  with  a  tortuous  curly  ap- 
pearance  when  they  first   appear  m 

spring.   A  specimen  of  the  early  shoots 

is  shown  in  fig.  2005. 
t  T.  d.  ^  excelsum  Booth. — Horticultural 

Society,  in  1837.  mos,  T.d.i 

1^  T.  </.  4  sinense.    T.  sinense  Noisette. — 

How  far  it  differs  from  T.  d.  nutans,  or  whether  it  diflPers  at  all  vt 

are  uncertain.    H.  S.,  in  1837. 
t  T,  d.  5  s.  pendulum.  T.  sinense  pendulum  Hort. — H.  S.,  in  1S37. 

The  deciduous  cypress  is  one  of  those  trees  that  sport  exceedingly  m  the 
seed-bed ;  and,  hence,  wherever  a  number  of  them  are  found  growii^  to- 
gether, scarcely  any  two  appear  to  have  precisely  the  same  haUt.  1ms  is 
strikingly  the  case  at  White  Knights,  where  there  are  several  scores  tt 
trees,  presenting  a  variety  of  forms  and  foliage  almost  as  great  as  their  nurabef. 
They  may  all,  however,  as  well  as  those  enumerated  in  the  above  li^  ^ 
reduced  to  the  following  four  forms.  1.  The  species,  or  normal  fonD,a 
which  the  branches  are  horizontal  or  somewhat  inclined  upwards.    2.  T.  d. 

Eendulum,  with  the  branches  pendulous.  3.  T.  d.  nutans,  with  the  braoc^ 
orizontal,  and  the  young  shoots  of  the  year  pendulous ;  the  leaves  bei^ 
twisted  and  compressed  round  them  in  the  early  part  of  the  seasoo,  iRtf 
fully  expanded,  like  those  of  the  species,  towards  the  autumn.  Most  of 
these  snoots  have  their  points  killed  every  winter,  and  many  of  them  aft 
entirely  destroyed.  4.  T.  d.  tortuosiun  pendulum,  with  the  leaves  on  tbe 
young  shoots  tortuous,  and  the  branches  pendulous.  There  is  a  verT 
elegant  specimen  of  this  tree  at  White  Knights.  With  respect  to  the  l. 
sinense  of  cultivators,  we  have  not  been  able  to  discover  in  what  it  difin 
from  T.  nutaxis ;  and  of  T.  d.  excelsum  we  have  only  seen  veiy  small  pbnts- 


LXXVII.    CONl'FERf:   TAXO'^DIUU. 


The  deciduous  cypress,  in  America,  attains  its  largest  nze  in  the  swamps  of 
the  southern  sCatCB  and  the  Floridas,  on  the  deep  miry  soil  of  which  a  new 
layer  is  ever^  year  d^tosited  by  the  floods.  The  roots  of  large  trees,  par- 
ticularly in  situations  subject  to  inundation,  are  charged  with  conical  protu- 
berances, eommonly  from  1  ft.  6  in,  to  2  ft.  hi^,  and  sometime*  from  +  fl,  to 
fi  It.  in  thickness  :  they  are  always  hollow,  smooth  on  the  aiiHace,  and  covered 
'  with  a  reddish  bark,  like  the  roots,  which  they  resemble  alao  in  the  softness 
of  their  wood.  Michaux  says  that  "  no  cause  can  be  assigned  for  their  ex- 
istence: they  are  peculiar  to  the  deciduous  cypress,  and  b^n  to  appear  when 
it  is  onl^  20  fl.  or  2d  ft.  high."  The  Rev.  J.  Mitford  has  suggested  that  the 
sbaorplion  of  Eiir  is  the  probable  purpose  for  which  the  knobs  protrude 
above  the  water.  They  are  made  use  of  by  the  ne^oes  for  beehives.  The 
wood  is  universally  employed,  throughout  the  United  States,  for  the  be«t 
kind  of  shingles  i  and  in  Louisiana  it  is  used  tor  almost  every  other  purpose 
to  which  timber  is  appUed.  A  rich  moist  soil  is  reijuired  to  produce  the 
deciduous  cypress  of  any  size,  and  it  will  not  thrive  in  elevated  situations. 
The  species  is  increased  by  heeds,  which  are  procured  from  imported  cones  : 
they  may  be  treated  ii\  all  respects  like  those  of  the  common  evergreen 
cypress,  and,  like  them,  come  up  the  firEt  year.  The  tree  may  also  be  pro- 
pagated by  cuttings,  put  in  in  autumn,  in  sand  or  heath  soil,  in  the  shade,  and 
kept  moist;  a  practice  which,  Bosc  observes,  is  in  use  in  the  nurseries  at 
Orlewu,  but  Dot  in  those  at  Paris-  Cuttings  of  the  winter's  wood,  or  of  the 
3S  4 


tBorr. 


10.80  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

8uinffler*8  shoots  with  the  leaves  on,  will  root  in  a  vessel  of  water 
in  a  very  few  weeks ;  and,  if  an  inch  of  soil  be  placed  at  the  bottom 
of  the  vessel,  the  fibres  will  root  into  it,  and  the  plants  may  be 
used  as  if  they  had  been  struck  in  the  usual  manner.  Layers, 
put  down  in  moist  soil,  root  the  first  year. 

i.  T.  4empermrmt  Lamb.  Pin.,  ed.  2.,  2.  t.  64.  Our  fig. 
2007.  —  Leaves  distichous,  linear,  acute,  evergreen,  coriaceous, 
glabrous,  opaque.  {Lamb.)  An  evergreen  tree.  Discovered  by 
Mr.  Menzies,  on  the  north-west  coast  of  America,  in  1796;  and 
immense  trees  of  it  were  seen  by  Dr.  Coulter  in  1836 ;  but  it  has 
not  yet  been  introduced.  It  will  probably  prove  hardy ;  and,  in 
that  case,  its  introduction  would  be  exceedingly  desirable. 

Genus  XII. 

JTJNrPERUS  L.    The  Juniper.    Lin.  Sytt.  Dice  da  Monadelphia. 

JdffUification.    LiD.  Gen.,  No.  1134. ;  Juss.,  413. ;  Lamb.  Pin.  3. 

Svnanymet.    5abliia  Bauh. ;  Cddrui  Toum. ;  Gen^rrier,  Pr. ;  Waic^holder,  Ger.  ;  Gia«<|irQ,  AdL 

Drrivatian.    From  juturprtu,  rough  or  rude,  CeU.^  the  planta  of  this  genus  being  Miff  ■farobi :  or 

from  juniores  partens,  Trom  the  young  and  old  leavci  being  on  the  tree  at  the  same  tmtt,  or  vok 

reference  to  the  young  fruit  being  produced  before  the  old  n-oit  drppi  off. 

Gen.  Char.  Male  flowers  in  axillary  or  terminal  catkins.  Pollen  of  eadi 
flower  in  3 — 6  cases,  attached  to  the  basal  edge  of  the  scale^  and  promizieot 
from  it. — Female  flowers  in  axillary  catkins,  resembling  a  bud  ;  coDsistiiig 
of  13  fleshy  ovaries  ;  bracteated  at  the  base.  Ovules  1  to  an  ovary.  The 
ovaries  coalesce,  and  become  a  fleshy  juicy  strobile,  resembling  a  hem. 
Seeds  1 — 3,  eadi  obscurely  3-comered,  and  having  5  gUmd-bearing  pis 
towards  the  base.  {G.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite  or  ternate,  exsdpulate,  evergreen ;  narrov, 
rigid,  and  not  rarely  minute  and  scale-shaped.  Flowers  yeUowisb,  firom  the 
colour  of  the  pollen. — Trees  evergreen,  low,  or  shrubs ;  natives  of  Europe, 
Asia,  Africa,  and  North  America ;  mostly  hardy  in  British  gardensw 

The  wood  of  all  the  species  is  more  or  less  aromatic,  and  very  durable.  Hie 
species,  with  the  exception  of  three  or  four,  which  have  grown  to  some  siie, 
and  ripened  fruit  in  England,  are  very  imperfectly  known  to  British  cultivators  -, 
and,  probably,  some  of  those  kinds  which  we  have  given  as  distinct  spedes 
may  prove  not  to  be  so.  We  could  not,  however,  avoid  this,  from  the  iia- 
possibility  of  seeing  any  plants  of  many  of  the  kinds,  but  Uiose  which  were 
quite  young.  All  the  species  are  readily  propagated  by  seeds,  which  retain 
ttieir  vitality,  when  kept  in  the  berry,  for  several  years ;  and,  when  sown, 
lie  one  year,  and  often  two  vears,  before  they  come  up.  Thev  may  also  be 
increased  by  cuttings,  planted  in  sandy  soil,  in  a  shady  situation,  in  the  autumn, 
and  coverea  with  a  hand-glass  during  winter ;  or  by  layers.  The  species  in 
British  gardens  are  thus  arranged  :  — 

§  i.  Ox^cedri. — Leaves  spreading  in  the  adult  Plants, 

A.     Natives  of  Europe 

}.  communis.  2.  Oxycedrus.  3.  macrocarpa. 

B.    Native  of  Asia. 
4.  drupacea. 

C  Native  of  North  America, 
5.  virginica. 


LXZTIl.    CONi'fEILE:    JLNl'PERUS. 

.  Saiina. — Leaves  imbricated  in  the  adult  Plants. 

A,      A'adW/  of  Europe. 
u  7.  phccnicea.  S.  lycia.  9.  thurff 

B.     Nalnei  cf  Alia. 


.    Speciet  of  which  Utile  it  tnouin. 

18.  deatbata-  21.  Bedtaidiana. 

19.  flagellif^nnis.         S2.  Hudsoniiina. 


i  i.  Oxj/cedri.  —  Leaves  spreading  in  the  adult  Plants.   D.  Dod. 
n  Juniper. 

Ff.  i  ^emelner  WachhoMer,  iifr. ;  lilnepro  nerOi  Ual. 

^KC,  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  in  threes,  spreading,  mucronate.  Berries  longish. 
(  Willd.)  An  evergreen  shrub.  Eiurope,  on  the  sides  of  hills  and  in  sanily 
plains,  and  also  in  North  America  and  Asia.  Height5ft.to  IOft.,rarely 
15ft.  Flowers  whitish  yellow,  from  the  pollen;  ripening  in  May.  Fruit 
purple  or  black ;  ripe  the  following  spring. 

M  i.e.  I  vuinAii  Park.  Theat.  1029.     J.  ».  fhiticosa  Baui.  Pm.  p.  488. ; 

J.  c,  erectls  Parih  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.  a.  p.  646. — Leaves,  according  to 

Huyne,  ^  in.  in  length.     A  bushy  shrub,  from  3ft.  to  5fi.  high;  but, 

in  lavourable  Eituations,  growing  much  higher. 
«  J,  c,  S  micica  Ait.  Hort.   Kew.  ed.  2.  v.    p.  41+.    ?/.  c.  fastigiata 

Det  Moului't  Cat.  dei  Planlet  de  la  Dordogae;  J.  strfcta  Jlort.  ;  J. 

--'-"--.  Mill.  Did.  No.  2.;  J.  vult^ris  ferlKir  Bauh.;  the  Swedish, 


or  Tree,  Juniper,  (fig.  2009 )  —  Leaves  spreading  and  i 
1  in.  in  length ;  bronenes  erect,  with  oblong  fruit.  ITiia  kind  v 
supposed  by  Miller  to  be  a  species 
because  he  found  it  always  come 
true  from  seed.  It  generally  attains 
the  hei((ht  of  10  or  12  feet,  and 
■    isof  16  o   ■--         ■      ■ 


Forest  of  Fontaineblesu,  it  has  at-  1 
tained  the  height  of  50  ft.,  and  * 
tables,  cabinets,  and  other  pieces  t 
of  limiiture  have  been  made  from  ' 
its  timber.  The  branches  are  more 
erect  than  those  of  the  common 
juniper  ;  the  leaves  are  narrower, 
they  end  in  more  acute  points,  and 
are  placed  farther  asunder  on  the 
branches  ;  the  berries  are  also 
larger  and  longer.  It  is  a  native 
of  France,  Sweden,  Denmark,  and 
Norway,  and  is  in  common  culti-    mu.  j.  c  uu 

''**■  vation  in  British  nurseries. 

a  WQld.  Sp.  PI.  iv.  p.  S5i.      J.  communisjj  Fl.  Br,  1086. 


82  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

J.  c  wiidlii PaU.  Sou.  ■Lt.SA.-.J.  alpina  floj  ^  44*. ;  /. * 

plna  minor  Ger.  Emac.   1372,  j    /.  minor  montana,  ic,  Bawk.  n. 

489.;  J.oknaSmiih  Engl.  Fi.'n.^.'i^i.i    J.ribirica  tforf.; /.™f 

rica  Hort.  and  Booth  (see  Card.  Mag.  for  1840,   p.  I0.)i  /-  t 

montana  Ait.  Mori.  Kfw.y.  p.  il5.  Our  J%.  8009.  — L«Teito»te 

and  thicker,  and  fruit  longer,  thao  in  the  apeaes. 

m  Lcioblonga.     J.  obliSngB  Horl.  (j^.  2010.)  — Le»TM  longtr  ta 

in    any     other    variety ;   atl 

am  oil,    ohIoDg.      Hoitiailliinl 

Society's  Gai^en. 


■  J.  c.  5o.  pnirfnifl.  (A.  SOU.)— WeapplythUnwne  toapUntuKff 

which  resembles  /.  c.  obl6nga  in  the  Horticultuni)  Society  i  U«" 
in  every  respect  j  except  that  the  habit  of  the  main  branches  »  ^ 
giaie,  and  the  points  of  the  ahoots  pendulous.  It  form  iw7 
graceful  plant,  about  5  fl.  high. 

■  J.  c.  6  canadintu.   J.   canadensis  Lodd.  Col.  ed. 

18.56.  f^.  aOlS.)  — A  handsome  vigorous- 
growing  variety,  coming  near  in  foliage  to  J.  c. 
nana  ;  but,  as  we  have  only  seen  a  small  plant 
of  it  in  the  collection  of  Messrs.  I.oddiges.  we 
are  unable  to  depict  the  particular  feature  in 
which  it  differs  from  the  species. 

■  J.  c.  7  deprisia  Pursh  Fl.  Amer.   Sept.  ii.  646. 

— A  native  of  North   America,  and  docs  not 

grow  above   1   or  2  feci  high  j  though  its  root 

will  sometimes  cover  a  space  of  from  15fh  to 

soft,  in  diameter.     It  does  not  appear  to  have 

been  introduced.      Possibly  this   may  be  the 

J.  canadensis  of  Lodd.  Cat.,  No.  6.  above. 

Other  VarielieM.     In  Loddiges's  Catalogue,  there  are 

J.  cracdvin  and  J.  hib^rnica,  very  small  plants,  but 

obviously  belonging  to  J.  commiinis.    There  can  be  no 

doubt  of  this,  though,  as  in  the  case  of  J.  c.  cana- 

d^Hi  in  the  lame  collection,  we  cannot  piiint  out  in     mi.  ai-—"^ 


Lxxvit.  coni'fer*:  juni'perus.  1083 

what  the  diHETCnce  from  the  species  conuati.  Tbere  are  other  names  current 
in  the  nurseries,  in  some  of  which  they  are  applied  to  J',  commilnis,  in  other* 
to  J.  &ibina,  and  in  others  to  J.  virginikna. 

Tlie  rate  of  growth  of  ihe 
tall er-gro wine  viirieties,  in  the 
climate  of  Lundon,  is  front 
fiin.  to  9  in.  s  jear,  till  the 
plants  are  6  or  8  feet  high, 
after  which  they  grow  more  . 
slowly ;  and  their  duration  is  ; 
more  than  a  century.  The 
wood  is  Gneiy  veined,  of  a 
yellowish  bro*n,  and  very 
» aromatic.  It  weighs,  when 
dry,  above  42  lb.  per  cubic 
foot.  The  berries  are,  how- 
ever, the  most  useful  product 

loii.  J.aamtat.  of  the  juniper,  being  used  for  ^^ 

flavouring    gin.       The    plant 
makes  good  garden  hedges,  and  may  be  clipped  into  any  shape. 

■  2.  J.  Oiy'cedsus  L.     The  Sharp-Cedar,  or  bnvm-benvd.  Juniper. 
u  Sp.  PI.,  \m. ,  N.  Du  iUB..  s.  p.  J7, 

n  W7"'j.  ln«orV*c!."'  fl3%.'°9BTe*arli.'|A^ic(.ifa(5.  yalgr.  117.'! 
HiiLp.SS.i  (J.  phcmlcM  Doil,  /•nitpl.  p.SM, ;  Ihe  prlcklj  Odir i  la  Cull, fV.) 


^>ec.  Char.,  Sfc,  Leaves 
in  threes,  spreading, 
mucronate,  shorter 
than  the  berries. 
(^WUId.)  An  evergreen 

a  shrub.     Spain,  Portu- 

rail,  and  the  South  of 
France.    Height  10  II. 
to  l£ft.      Introduced 
an.   j.(M»inu.  before  1739.    Flower-         w,q.  v,o. 

iog  in  May  and  June. 
Varicly. 

•  J.  o.  8  la&rira  Hort. — Tolerably  distinct ;  and,  according  I 
don,  possibly  J.  dnipacea.  (Card.  Mag.,  1940,  p.  10.) 
Closely  allied  to  J.  communis.     The  branches  are  small 
and   taper,  without   angles.      Berries   very  large,   of   a 
brownish  red,  and  marked  with  two  white  lines.     Hand- 


■7.  Oxf  «dnji  r«r. ;  J.  mUor,  budk  avr 


Spec,  Char.,  Jf-c.  Leaves  ternate,  spreading,  mucronatci 
sharply  keeled,  one-nerred.  Berries  elliptical,  longer 
than  the  leaf.  (StmiA,  Ft.  Gt„  2.  p.  867.)  An  evergreen     tou.  j-w-a-ij. 


1084  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICTEUM    BRITANNtCUH. 

shrub.    Greece.    Height  lOft.  to  ISft.    Introduced  in  1838,  or  bdotei 

flowering  io  May  and  June. 

The  leave*  are  like  those  or /.  Ox/cedrus,  but  the  berries  ■relKkcMlti^ 
and  black,  covered  with  a  violet  bloom  ;  a  handsome  plant,  though  toj 
probably  only  a  variety  of  J.  Oiycedrus. 

B.   Xatice  of  Alia. 
•  a,  4.  </.  dkupa'cka  Ziab.,  y.  Da  Ham.      The  drupaceous,  or  tarp^haUi, 


Spec.    Char.,  ^e.      Leaves    in    threes, 

spreading,  acute,  three  times  shorter 

than  the  fruit.    Kut  3-celled.  {LaUl- 

lard.)     An  everpreen  shrub.     Svria. 

Introduced  in  1830 ;  but  we  have  only 

■een  young  plants.  uiS'  ii^rtu^ 

C.  Nativt  of  Ki^th  America. 
i  S.  J.  virqinia'na  L.     The  Virginian  Juniper,  or  Red  Cedar. 
liltmliflcaliom.    Lin.  8p,  PI,  H71.  i  Mtchi.  N.  Amtr.  Syl.,  J.  p.  aj, 

SyanKKiaei.    J.  nA\oT  tmrpKkat  RbH  IIUI  1419.  l  J.  mfllmL  Ac,  Slmnii  Ginnm  lU  VInrfalL 
EBrranngi.    Mkhx.  N.  AiD»,  Sil..  3.  1.  IM.i  the  piBUi  of  IbU  uteiD  Alt.  Brtl..  litid^>A 

riU,  1  tBAtarflg-Vaa. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  in  threes,  the  three  growing  together  at  ibebiKi 

young  ones  imbricated,  old  ones  spreading.  (H'iUd.)     An  erei^een tnc 

Maine  to  Georgia,  in  woods  and  plains.    Height  40  ft.  to  50  ft. ;  in  Englu>^ 

30ft.  to  40  ft.     Introduced  before  1664;  flowering  in  May,  and  ripeningit) 

dork  blue  fruit  in  October. 

yarkliel. 

t  J.V.2  humlit  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  —  Habit  dwarf. 

J  J.  p.  3  carolinidiia.  .T.  caroliniana  Jht  Soi,  MUl.  Did.  JJo.  !.  —  BHIff 
says  that  the  lower  leaves  of  this  kind  are  like  those  of  the  Svcdi^ 
juniper;  but  that  the  upper  leaves  are  like  (hose  of  tbe  cvjioti 
while  in  the  Virginian  cedar  all  the  leaves  are  like  thoK  w  ^ 
juniper.  (Seep.  1083.) 

OOkt  Varietiei.     The  red  cedar  varies  eiceedingly  from  seed.   At  Wiile 


LXXVII.    COSl'PER*:    JUNI'PERUS.  1085 

Knights,  vhere  there  are  some  hundreds  of  trees,  some  are  loir  and  spread- 
ing, and  others  tall  and  bstigiate  ;  some  bear  only  male  blossoms,  and 

others  onlj'  female  ones.  The  fuliage,  in  some,  is  of  a  very  light  hue  ;  in 
others,  it  is  elaucoiia ;  nn  J  in  some  a  very  dark  green.  The  fruit,  also,  varies 
considerably  in  size ;  but,  perhaps,  the  most  striking  variety  is  one  in  which 
the  branches  are  decidedly  pendent.  Miller  mentions  a  variety  which  has 
leaves  hke  a  cypress.  There  are  agrcat  many  varieties  at  Elvaston  Castle; 
and  some  vith  glaucous  foliage  of  very  great  beauty. 

The  rate  of  growth,  in  the  climate  of  London,  is  10  or  12  feet  in  ten  years  ; 
and  the  duration  of  the  tree  is  upwards  of  a  century.  The  name  of  red  cedar 
haii  reference  to  the  heart-wood  of  this  tree,  which  is  of  a  beautiful  red,  while 


tlie  sap-wood  is  perfectly  white.  It  is  imported  into  England  for  the  manu- 
facture of  black-lead  pencils ;  though  the  Bermuda  jiimptx  is  preferred  tor 
that  purpose.  In  Britain,  the  red  cedar  is  not  planted  as  a  timl>er  tree  ;  thoujih, 
from  the  size  which  it  attains  in  deep  dry  sandy  soils,  it  might  be  worth  while 
to  plant  it  in  masses  for  this  purpose.  As  an  ornnmental  tree  or  large  shrub, 
it  is  highly  valued,  either  for  planting  singly  on  lawns,  or  in  groups  along  with 
other  trees  and  shrubs.  It  is  more  especiully  adapted  for  grouping  with  other 
Cupressina;,  the  pine  and  fir  tribe,  and  the  yew, 

isKDi-(.)are 
§  ii.  SabintB.  —  Leavet  of  the  adult  Plant  imbriaUed,    D.  Don, 

A.      Natleei  nf  Europe. 
m  6.  J.  5abi'na.     The  common  Savio. 
LbniekaMM.    Utu  Sp.,  1473. ;  DxT.  Klic.  da  Mb..  Ac..  9.  p.  H*. 


1086  ARBORETUU    ET    FRUTICETUH   BRITAKNICUH. 

grmifma.    UiliH,ry.;  itlBlwidvWiEtibiitdv,  (Jcr.  i  PluudunUi  *a4Cl|«M*ill«i 

Eftrtwinff.    P«U.  n.  Hou.,  I.  M.  f. ».  j  Md  mtjlf-  KK- 

Spec.  Cto-.,  ijc.  Leafet  o»al,  opposite,  imbricated,  aomewhat  tcote,  cudtd 
on  the  back;  tiie  male  catkina  pedunculEUe.  Berrie*  of  a  bUckah  bb^ 
generally  monoipermoui.  (N.  Da  Ham.)  A  low  evergreen  ihnib.  Souil 
of  Europe  and  Tauria.  Height  7  ft.  to  8ft.  Introduced  before  1518; 
flowenne  in  March  and  April,  and  ripening  it»  blackish  blue  fiiut  in  tke 
■pring  of  the  foUowJng  year, 

Yrnvtia. 

«  J.  S,   1  cupnuiJUia  Alt.  Hon.  Kew.  t.  p.  414.     J.  lusitamc*  li*. 

DkL  No.   U.i    ^ablaa   Dod.  Pemjtl.  ^54.  ;    la   Sabine  male,  Fi.         , 

(fig'  802 1.)  —  Leave*  like  those  of  a  cypress.  ' 

•  J.  8.  i  umanicma   Ait.  1.  c.     J.  Sabinu  MiU.   LM.  No.  10.   b         ! 

Sabine  femelle  {fig.  SOK.)  \ 

«  J.   S.  3^0^  tiantgatU   Mut.  H3L-         i 

Leaves  variegated. 


l~  J.  S.  4  proilrdla.  J,  prostrata  AfuAx. )  J.  repens  Xutt. ;  J.  budioM 
Lodd.  Cat.  1B38,  (fig.  2023.J— A  low  trailing  plant,  tddom  hwf 
above  6  or  8  inches  in  height,  but  rooting  into  toe  soil,  and  eittad- 
ing  its  branches  to  a  great  distance. 

l~  i.S.  5  alpina.  J.  alplna  Lodd.  Cat.  1836.  (fig.  SD34.}— ProcBmbcA 
and  more  slemler  in  ita  habit ;  but,  in  other  respects,  only  ^^J 
different  from  J.  prostiita. 

n  British  garden*,  at  a  knr  spread 

, .-r-n ,  clothed  in  a  reddish  bnxrn  baAaJ 

rising  to  the  height  of  lOorlSfeet,  or  even  hisher.  Its  brancfau  are  m«4.' 
ttntight,  very  much  ramified,  and  form,  with  the  tnmk,  a 
r^ulBT  pyramid.  Ita  young  braoches  are  entirely  covered 
with  imbricated  leaves,  which  hare  a  very  strong  and  dis- 
agreeable odour,  and  a  very  bitter  taate.  The  male  flowers 
are  disposed  in  small  catkins,  on  peduncles  covered  with 
little  iaibricated  leaves,  and  are  di^ierBed  laterally  along 
the  vouDgest  branches.  The  female  flowers  are  generally 
produced  on  separate  tree*,  and  are  disposed  in  the  same 
manner :  they  are  succeeded  by  oral  berries,  of  a  blue  so  | 
deep  as  to  be  almost  Mack,  and  are  about  the  uie  of  a 
currant :   they  generallv  contain  only  one  seed,  which  is 

long,  oral,  and  lODiewnat  compressed,     A  very   - 

green,  thriving  in  the  poorest  soils,  and  in  expose 
remaining  an  humble  prostrate  shrub,  and  in  the  fc 


LXXVII.    CONl'pERf:   JUNl'pERUa.  1087 

1  7.  .7",  pH(Eitt'cEii  L.    The  PfatEoidan  Juniper. 

Hcniniwin.    Ltn.  Sp.  PI.,  It71. :  Pill.  B0H..I.  p.  ]«.BT.  1  N.Du  Him,,  6.  p.  47. 

Anwwnul.    CMruI  phcrDlcn  mMla  £o».   lam.  1.  P-Ill.;  (tlfnilrui  Hell  Dot.  Pempl.  tfO.; 

GenitrlfrdePhenlctc.  ^.i  dichinwlllnr  Wachholdtr,  On-. ;  CMrolkio.  lul. 
Eatranixti.    Fall.  Hsu.,t.  M.;  N.  Du  Hud..  &  pi.  IT.;  taiaai  fit.VM. 

Spec.  Char.,  if-c.     Leaves  in  threes,  obliterated,  imbricated,  obtusa  {fVilld.) 
Ad  evergreen  shrub  or  low  tree.    South  of  Europe,  Russia,  and  the  Levant. 
Height  10  a.  to  iJO  h.     Cultivated  in  I6B3.     Flowering  in  May  and  June, 
and  ripening  its  pale  yellow  fruit  at  the  end  of  the  tecond  year. 
The  young  branches  are  entirely  covered  with  very  Bmall  leaves,  which  are 
disposed  in  threes  opposite  to  each  other,  closely  covering  the  sur&ce  of  the 
branches,  and  laid  one  upon  another  like  scales.     These  leaves  are  oval,  ob- 
tuse, somewhat  channeled,  and  convex  on  the  back,  perfectly  smooth.     On 


t^9 


•ome  of  the  branches,  a  few  eharp  linear  leaves  are  found,  which  are  about 
3  lines  long,  and  quite  open.  The  mole  and  female  (lowers  are  sometimes 
found  on  the  same  tree,  but  they  are  generally  on  diflerent  trees.  The  form 
and  disposition  of  the  male  and  female  flowers  closely  resemble  those  of  J, 
Sabinu.  The  berries  generally  contain  9  liony  seeds  in  each,  ol'  an  irregular 
oval,  slightly  compressed  and  angular  ;  the  pulp  is  dry  and  fibrous,  and  in 
the  middle  of  it  are  3  or  4  bladders,  filled  with  a  sort  of  resinous  fluid.  Much 
less  coramon  than  so  fine  a  shrub  deserves  to  be. 

«  L.  8.  J.  (p.)  ly'cia  L.     The  Lycian  Juniper. 

JdnafgtEMfM.    Lhl.  Sp..  14TI.;  PlIL  RoK,  II.  p.  H.  I.  U.  I  All.  Hon.  K».,  •.  p.  415. 

Smniimn.    J.  p.  »  Kcia  N.  IM  Bam.  il.  p.  ti.  1  dpnvKD  Wuhholdcr,  Urr. 

JSmfmtmtl.    PlIL  Sou..  t.U.{  N.  DuHuo,,  B.  t.17.1  our jtf.  30n..  udj^.  30M.  rnu  FlIlH. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  in  threes,  imbricate  on  all  sides,  ovate,  obtuse. 
Male  flowers  at  the  ends  of  the  branches,  in  a  conical  anient ;  and  the  fruit 
single  from  the  axjls  below  them,  on  the  same  branch.  Berries  large,  oval, 
and,  when  ripe,  brown.  An  evergreen  shruh.  South  of  Europe,  Levant, 
and  Siberia.  Height  10  ft.  to  15ft.  Litroduced  in  IT59,  but  not  common 
in  collections. 
According  10  Pallas,  J.  Ijda  is  an  entirely  prostrate  shrub,  with  the  trunk 

biwicbii^  from  the  very  bottom,  and  often  thidter  than  the  human  arm.  Thi^ 


ARBORETUH    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITAMNICUM. 

iranches,  are  often  Tsriously  defonned,  with 
ly  outer  bark.  The  wood  amells  Tery  strong, 
Uke  that  of  the  Benrudaa  cedar.  , 
Branches  and  brancblets  vand- 
like,  and  coTcred  with  a  testaceous 
bark.  Shoots  dark  green,  dicho- 
tonious,  and  imbricate  with  scale- 
formed  sharp  leaves.  Berries 
terminal,  eiobular,  middle-sized, 
nearly  black  when  ripe,  and  co- 
vered with  a  glaucous  bloom ; 
containing  3  or  4  stones.  Pallas 
adds  that  it  greatly  resembles  the 
'  dwarf  sarin,  and  that  it  diSeis 
principally  m  the  greater  thickness 
of  the  shoots,  and  in  the  leaves 
being  acute  and  less  clustered.  A 
j-ip-liyrti  very  doubtful  species.  wn  J 


I  9.  J. 

Htnlipitllem.    I 


iuri'feb*  L.     The  incense-bearing,  or  SpaiuA,  Junipa-. 


Engravmf.    Fig-  3039-  ttam  a  Bpcdnwn  jvsrArfA  from  Ur.  LaiolwTt- 
Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.      Leares  imbricate  in  4  rows,  acute. 
(Wm.)     An  evergreen  tree.      Spain  and   Portugal. 
Height  20  ft.  to  30  ft.     Cultivated  in  1758.     Flower 
ing  in  May  and  June,  and  ripening   its  large  black 
berries  at  the  end  of  the  following  year. 
The  leaves  are  acute,  and  lie  over  each  other  in  four 
ruwa,  so  as  to  make  the  branches  appear  four-cornered. 
EJerries  very  large,  and  black  when  ripe.     There  is  a 
tree  at  Mr.  Lambert's  seat  at  Boyton,  which,  in  IB37, 
was  28  ft.  high,  with  a  Irank  9  in.  in  diameter.  It  strikes 
rendily  from  cuttings,  and  deserves  to  be  estenavely 
propagated.  '"''"  ■'''*' 

B.  A'alwei  of  Alia. 
i  10.  J.  eice'lsa  Wiiid.     The  tall  Juniper. 
Ucnliflcalioa.    Wind.  Sp,  PI.,  4.  p.  Wl. ;  Punh  Fl  4oi«t.  Sti*.  %  n  6". 
SrMKimei.    J.  Sibtni  iir.  >««.  Bon.  S.  p.  m  :  Hinutaj™  odu-vwd. 
Smeraiiie-    f:».M30.from>pl(Dtabout^rL)iltli. 

Hfiec.  Char.,  J^c.     Leaves  opposite,  somewhat  obtuse,  with  a  centml 
gland  J  4.ranked  and  imbncate ;  slender,  acute,  disposed  in  threes, 
and  spreading.     Stem  arboreous.  (IVilid.)     A  tall  evencreen  tree, 
Siberia,  Himalayas,  and  North  America,  on  the  Rocky  Mountains.    ■ 
Height  20  ft.  to  30  ft.  rarely  *0  ft.    Introduced  in  1806,  but  has  not  5 
yet  flowered  in  British  gardens. 
A  very  handsome  and  elegant  tree,  with  an  upright  trunk  and  \ 
slightly  ])endulou8  branches.     Leaves  opposite,  imbricated  in  4  rows,  i 
and  having  a  raised  line  on  the  back.     It  is  a  very  free  grower  ;   : 
and  apparently  as  hardy  as  /.  virginiana. 


II.  J   soiiama't 


Z>.  Don.     The  scaled  Jm 
Orfar. 

I.  No,  SB.  1  D.  Don  Fl.  Nepiltiul 


UnOfflcatim.    Unb.PlD 
£ii£raplmt.    Our  Jig.  iiiJl, 

Spec.  CAor.,  4^.     Leaves  in  threes,  closely  imbricated,  orat&oblong,  '°1^' 


LXXVII,    CONl'rERA:   JVNl  PERU8.  1089 

more  or  less  pointed  ;  remainuig  on  after  they  are  withered  ;  young  ones 
infleied  at  the  apex,  as  if  obtuse.  Berries  orate,  umbilicate  on  tbe  top. 
firan(^bes  and  branchlets  crowded,  round.  Stem  prostrate.  ^Z^am6.  Pin.} 
A  large,  decumbent,  much -branched  evergreen  shrub.  Nepal,  and  on  the 
KiotBD  Alps-  Hei^t  3  ft.  Introduced  in  18S4.  Flowenng  in  August ; 
but  only  young  plants  are  in  British  gardens. 

■  13.  J.  reci/rti  Ham.   The  recurved  Ntpai  Juuiper. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  ] 

loosely  imbricated,  smooth,  convex  beneath.    Berries 

roundish-oval,  tubercled.     Branches   and  branchlets 

recurved.   (D,  Don.}     An  evergreen  shrub.     Nepal, 

in  Narainhetty.     Height  5  ft.  to  10  ft.     Introduced 

in  1830.     Flowering  in  May,  and  ripening  its  fruit  in 

November  following. 

It  forms  a  graceful  bush,  or  low  tree,  from  its  pen- 
dulous habit ;  and  it  is  readily  distinguished  from  all 
the  other  spedes,  not  only  by  ihia  circumstance,  but  by 
tbe  mixture  of  its  brown  half-decayed  cbaSy  leaves  of 
the  past  year  with  its  greenish  grey  leaves  of  the 
present  year.  The  bark  is  rough,  brown,  and  soon 
besins  to  curl  up,  when  it  has  a  rou^  appearauce, 
and  ultimately  scales  off.  It  is  as  hardy  as  the  common 
juniper,  and  deserves  to  be  as  generally  culrivated.  msi.  j.mtm, 

■  j>  13.  y.  CBINb'hsis  L.  The  Chinese  Juniper. 
IitaaOatam.  Lin.  Sjit.,  »M. ;  Rrich..*.  177.  j  Midi.,  IK.;  »  Loiir.  Cocli.,fi36. 
SrumftM.    ?  J.  c.  SmfthW  Arb.  Bril.  la  tdH.  p.  MM. 

^Kc.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  decurrent,  imbricate-spreading,  clustered ;  item 
leaves  in  threes,  branch  leaves  in  fours.  {Wsild.')  An  evergreen  tree. 
China.  Height  IS  ft.  to 
SO  ft.  Introduced  it 
leSO,  or  before.  Flowers 
yellowish ;  May.  Fruit 
blackish  blue ;  ripe  in 
November. 

There  are  two  plants  in 
the  Horticultural  Society's 
Garden  bearing  the  name 
of  J.  nnensii,  male  and 
female,  12  ft.  and  10  ft. 
high.  The  leaves  are  green, 
short,  and  imbricated  (  the 
«iss.  j.chuMxsi.  fruit  rough,  angular,  and  dry. 

I  14.  J.  uvi'feh*  D.  Don.     The  Grape-bearing,  or  large-Jhaled,  Juniper. 


Spec.  Char.,  4^.  LeaTCS  ovate,  obtiue,  adpressed,  imbricated  in  4  rows. 
Branchlets  short,  erect,  crowded,  knotted.  Drupes  terminal,  roundish. 
(Lamb.  Pm.)  A  decumbent,  much  branched,  evergreen  shrub.  Cape 
Horn,  and  the  only  species  in  the  southern  hemisphere.  Introduced  about 
the  beginiuDg  lA  the  present  century,  but  rare  in  British  gardens. 

Other  Speaei  ofJuiApena,  ofrceenl  Introduction,  but  of  which  little  it  htown. 


1090  ARBORETUM    £T    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

obtuse^  ^g-fihaped  ;  the  fruit  globular  and  small.  (Lhvuea^  toL  xii.  p.  496.) 
Mexico,  on  mountains  at  from  10,000  ft.  to  11,000  ft.  elevation,  where  h 
grows  to  the  height  of  4  or  5  feet.  Introduced  in  1838.  {GartL  Mag^  1839, 
p.  242.) 

J.  Jidcdda  Schiede. — A  strong  hish  tree  with  pendent  shoots,  with  ^roirei 
scaled,  egg-»haped,  little  lance-luce  Teases  ;  the  fruit  globular,  with  projecting 
pointed  scales.     Introduced  in  1838.  {Ibid.,  p.  241.) 

J.  mexicdna  Schiede.  —  A  high  pyramidal  tree  with  twigs  and  leaves  re- 
sembling those  of  Cupr^ssus  thuHfera.  The  leaves  do  not  always  stand  in 
threes  on  the  twigs,  but  are  often  opposite  ;  they  are  egg-shaped,  and  pointed; 
on  the  points  of  the  youngest  shoots  they  are  only  from  ^  to  }  of  a  line  loi^ 
(Ibid.,  p.  241.)     Had  not  been  introduced  in  1841. 

J.  dealbdta  Hort — Supposed  to  be  a  native  of  North-west  America.  It 
has  the  habit  of  the  common  juniper,  but  with  small,  imbricated,  sharp-pdsted 
leaves,  rather  distant  on  the  shoots  ;  the  latter  are  rather  slender,  and  of  i 
beautiful  glaucous  colour,  more  particularly  in  the  early  part  of  summer.  Tbe 
scent  is  as  strong  as  that  of  J,  ^ablna.  Quite  hardy.  Introduced  in  1839. 
Hort.  Soc.  (^Gard.  Mag,,  1840,  p.  640.) 

J.Jlagel&Jbrmis  Hort. — A  native  of  China,  with  long,  slender,  doselr  ii»> 
bricated  shoots  (both  young  and  old),  very  much  resembling  fine  wh^Koid. 
Shoots  glaucous,  with  sharp  lanceolate  leaves.  The  fruit  is  small,  globukr. 
but  sometimes  slightly  angular,  and  very  glaucous.  Quite  hardy,  and  strikes 
freely  from  cuttings  of  the  two-years-old  wood.   Introd.  1839.    H.  S.  (/M.) 

J.  gossainthdnea  Hort. — There  are  small  plants  bearing  this  name  in  the 
collection  of  Messrs.  Loddiges,  which  closely  resemble  J,  chinensis,  bm  tk 
shoots  are  more  slender. 

J.  Bedjbrdiana.  Hort. — Closely  resembles  J.  virginiana. 

J.  HudsoTohna,  Pin.  IVob,  p.  208.  —  A  dwarf  procumbent  shrub,  about  Si 
high.     Probably  a  variety  or  J.  <Sab)na. 

J.  barbadetuis  L.,  described  in  our  first  edition,  is  here  omitted  as  bof 
rather  tender. 

J.  hemitpha'rica  Presl  grows  above  the  boundary  line  of  trees  on  Mosot 
Etna,  as  high  as  7,100  ft. ;  but  it  is  not  yet  introduced. 


Order  LXXVIII.    EMPETRA^CE^ 

Idmtifteaiion.    Natt.  Gen.,  8.  283. ;  Don  In  Edinb.  New  Phil.  Journ.,  I8S6. 

Ord.  Char.  Flowers  dioecious.  Perianth  free,  composed  of  imbricated  scsIa 
which  are  disposed  in  two  series.  Stamens  equal  in  number  to  the  inatf 
series  of  scales,  and  alternating  with  them.  Anthers  roundish,  of  two  distiMt 
cells.  Ovarium  free,  seated  on  a  fleshy  disk,  3 — 6-  or  9-celled.  Otb^ 
solitary,  ascending.  Style  1.  Stigma  radiating,  with  as  many  rajrs  as  ^ 
are  cells  in  the  ovarium.  Fruit  fleshy,  surrounded  by  the  persistent  pcrifltli 
of  3  to  9  bony  cells.  Seed  solitary.  Embryo  terete,  in  the  centre  o^  the 
albumen.     Radicle  inferior. 

Leaves  simple,    exstipulate,  alternate    or  subverticillated,   evenreeii: 
linear,  heath-like.     Flowers  axillary,  minute.  —  Evergreen  undcrshnihi* 
natives  of  Europe  and  North  and  South  America. 
The  genera  in  British  gardens  are  three,  which  are  thus  contiwiisCB' 

guished  :  — 

f^MPETRUM. —  Calyx  3-leaved,  with  six  scales  at  the  base.  Petals^ 
stamens  3.    Berry  depressed,  containing  6 — 9  stones.  (G.  Don.) 

CoRE^A.  —  Calyx  3-leaved,  naked  at  the  base.  PetaJs  and  stamens  3.  Ber? 
globose,  containing  3  stones.  {G.  Don.) 

Cerati'ola.  —  Calyx  2-leaved,  with  4  bracteas  at  the  base.  Petab  ** 
stamens  2.    Berry  globose,  containing  2  stones.  {G.  Don.) 


LXXTIII.   £MPETRA'cE«:    £'mPETHUM. 


□ 


S'MPETRUM  L.     TnE  Crowsbrrt.     Lm.  Sjtt.  Dhe'ci 


I  Triftadria. 

vith  6  inibricBteJ  scales  at  [he  base.  Pe- 
iaU3.  Slament3.  Sligmai — 9-oleft.  Benydepressed,!)— 9-sloned.  (G. Don.) 
Leavei  limple,  alternBte,  exBtipiilate,  evergreen  ;  linear,  tongue-jhapeil. 
obtuse  I  flat  above,  convex  and  marked  with  a  membraiiaceouB  line  beneath  ; 
dark  green,  shining.  Floiitrt  axillary,  Bolitary,  sessile,  dark  red.  Berrici 
binck  or  red.  —  Shrubs  imall,  branchy,  procumbent ;  natives^  or  the  North 


Nl'dRUM  L.     The  black  Crowberry,  or  Craieierry. 

PL.I490,iEiii.F1..4.p.l83.tHjckarFl.Hlb..p.:M.;  Hook.  Bi.FI.,p.»l. 
•Men  pncdmbeiTi  Grr.  Emac.  p.  I3S3.  i  S.  CbrU  folio  uii4«d[na  Clw.  HUl. 

Emgrniiigi.    Eof .  BdL,  t.  6M,  i  OMJIf.aott.ta  ain  ainm]  tcalc  ;  tniJIg.XOi.  ottbBBUartlilit. 

^pfc.  Char.,  cJt.  Leaves  linear-oblong.  Berries  black  and  clustered.  (Hook.) 
A  low  prornmbent  evergreen  shrub.  Britain.  Height  6  in.  to  12  in. 
Flovers  purplish  white;  June.  Berries  brownish  black,  like  those  of  the 
common  jumper  j  ripe  in  November. 

Varittg. 

n.  E.  n.   S  ledOcvm  Hook.  Br.  FL   p.  431.— 
Kather  smaller  than  the  species- 
Cattle  do  not  browse  o 

shrub  1  hut  the  berries  are 

by  the   Scotch  and  Russiai 

aanta.      It   thrives 

\ety   well   in   gar- 
dens, but  requires 

a  moist  boggy  soil 

and  a  F^hady  situa-    ' 

tion.      The    seeds 

the  ground  before 

they  vegetate,  and  

the  plants  are  very  slow  in  their  growth.     The  crowberry  is  the  badge  of  the 
clan  M'Lean. 

«.  3.  E.  Ri;'BRUM  L.     The  red-frmUd  Crowberry. 

I.    Willi  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  71J.  i  LlndJ.  But,  Reg.,  t.  ITBJ. 
Crinbuririif  stum  (.Imid. 
»-  Reg.,  1. 1783.  i  ouTflg.  WST.  to  our  luuil  icile,  aaAfif.  me. 

_    c.  Char.,  S;c.   Leaves  and  branches  with  woolly 

marpns.     Berries  red.  (Lindi.)     An  evergreen 

procumbent  shrub.      Southern  point  erf  South 

America,  where  it   is   found   along   the   sandy 

coast,  spreading  over  the  stones,  but  especially 

thriving    at    the   back   of   the    low    sandhills 

by  which   the  shore  is  often  skirled.      Height 

^^^  6in,tolain.    Introd.  1833.    Flowers  brouniih 

*.  Abi-K.        purple ;  July.    Berries  red ;  ripe  in  November. 

According  to  Guudichaud,  the  red  berries  are  pleasant  to 

freely  in  peut,  and  is  quite  hardy. 


lOKi 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNlCUM, 

Genus  II. 


C 


CORE^MA  D.  Don.    Tot  Comma.    Lm.  Ss^i.  D5«'cia  TrikBdiii. 

Ut,„0au*m.    D.  Don  In  New  Mto.  PM.  Jo«ni. ;  Ltodl.  In  Nat.  Syit.  of  Bot. 

(?«..  CAar.     Cafyx  3.1eaved.  mefflbranaceous.  naked  at  the  ta^     ^rt-a  * 

iear^i  simple,  alternate,  exstipu^ate.  e»«*8'««"  ^f**^^!i^CS 
spreading,  flattish  above,  and  revolute  on  the  margin.  /'T^^ J*T* 
S  s^sile.  situated  on  a  hairy  disk ;  white,  large  :h«ds  »»«^™ 
scales.  Beiivu  white.  -  Shrub  small,  erect,  branchy,  ngid.  coTered  was 
resinous  dots ;  native  of  the  South  of  Europe. 

Closely  allied  to  ^mpetrum.  from  which  it  h«  been  recendy  «p««l 
and  requiring  the  same  sott  and  culture  m  British  gardens. 
m.  1.  C.  a'lba  D.  Don.    The  white-iemerf  Corema. 

Heath.  Portugal  Crakebcrry. 
Enfiravtng.    Our  Jfe.  2038. 

&,ec.  Char.,  ^c  Stem  erect.  Branches  P"b«cent. 
Leaves  linear,  with  revolute  margins ;  somewhat  sea- 
brous  above.  (WiUd.)  A  low  evergreen  shrub.  Por- 
tugal. Height  6  in.  to  12  m.  Introduced  m  1774. 
Flowers  white;  May.  Berries  white;  npe  Nov. 
Much  branched,  rigid,  sprinkled  with  resinous  dots. 

«.  2.  C.  CovRk^ii  Torrey.     Conrad's  Corema. 

Jdentifleation.    Torrey  to  L!t..«idGairdL  Mag..  xtU. 
Sttnonvme,    ^'mpetrum  Conridii  Torrey. 

Spec.  Char.,  «J-c.  Branches  glabrous.  Leaves 
subverticillate,  alternate,  narrowly  Imear ; 
young  glandularly  hispidulous,  adult  gla- 
brous. Flowers  m  small  heads,  terminal, 
axillary ;  scales  of  perianth  5—6,  obo- 
vate-oblong,  smoothish ;  stamens  3 — 4-; 

style  3— 4-parted ;   ovary   3— 4^celled.  .    ,,„ 

(Torrey.)    An  evergreen  heath-like  un-  "»■  c  c»«««.     ^^^ 

der  shrub.  N.  America,  in  Monmouth,  New  Jersey,  and  other  wmca 
in  sandy  fields  and  in  pine  barrens.  Height  6  in.  to  12  m.  Introduced  ■ 
1841.    Flowers  whitish  ;  April.    Berries  small,  reddish;  npe  m  Augutf. 

Genus  III. 

□ 

CERAXrOLA  Mchx.   The  Ceratiola.   Lin.  Sytt.  Monce^da  Jhaodm^ 

r^^Hftr^inm.    Michx  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  2.  p.  222. ;  Lindl.  to  Nat.  Syat.  of  IMany,  ed.  S. 
'       ^^?^F.?«^J3;.?a  Utile  horo  ..'in  ri^^^^ 

Gen.  Char.      Calyx  2-leaved,  membranaceous,  with  4  scales   ^tbe  b«e. 
PetaU  2,  converging  into  a  tube.     Stament  2.     Stigmas  6-clett.    Merry 

globose,  2-stoned.  (G.  Don.)  

Leaves    simple,    alternate,  exstipulate,    evergreen ;    spreading,   oeedlfr 
shaped,  obtuse,  glabrous,  and  shining ;   marked  beneath  with  a  vaiww 


Lxxix.  smila'ceje:  $milax. 


I  (i — 1),  rarely  solitary,  broimiEh  t 
verticilbte.        Bernet    yellow.  — 
Shrub     bihbII,     upright,     brancby, 
rigid  ;  native  of  NorUi  Americft. 
Grown  in  Britiih  gardena,  in  peat 
soil,  and  propagmted  by  cuttings. 

■  1.  C.  cbicoi'dbs.    The  Erica-like 


Uttutkmllem.     Hkhi.  F1.  Bor.  Ana.,  &  d. 

Ml. :  Punh  Fl.  Anier.  Sapt.  1. 1.  II. 
fUTOinfi.      Fund,    I.  t.  IS.  ;  BM.    Utf.,  t. 

SM.  i  our  Jig.  Wll.  to  our  uiwl  nlc.  ud 
fit-  >M0.  of  i£r  ■(tun)  liic. 

Spec.  Ckar.,  ^c.  Flowen  in  the  asila 
of  the  upper  leaves,  solitary,  ex- 
cept a  small  abortive  one  by  the 
aide  of  the  principal  flower.  An 
upright  mucn  branched  evergreen 
shrub,  greatly  resembling  a  heath; 
veri'  hiindsome,  but  somewhat  ten- 
der in  British  gardens.  South  Caro- 
lina. Height  2  ft.  to  8  fl.  Introd. 
IB26.  Flowers  brownish  i  June. 
Berries  yellow;  ripe  in  October. 


Class  II.    ENDO'GEN.^. 

Stnu  ircreatmg  JrofB  williin  ;  Lcavet  ivilh  parallel  VH 

Order  LXXIX.    SMILA^CE^ 


';.?^.?J. 


UnliflcaUim.    Ll«ll.  Nut  StB- BoL.p-aM 

St/mmtpxa.     /.Illicev,  Id  part.  JifH.  ;  StrtJI ,  — .-    ,  .  ... 

DrrniUiiiii.  From  Smiiat.  a  bsiutlAil  joutb.  fibltd  w  h«n  brfli  elunetd  loto  thli  plut  (ih  OiM, 
MM)i  i>r,ftvnni«.lBr>|Kr,  rrrHnlharaughiHHorihsiIeiniDriDCiMafUiaiiHdn, 

Oed.  Char,  Ftowert  unisexual  or  bisexual.  PerianlA  regular,  usually  ff. 
parted  j  but  often  4 — B-parted.  5tainefu  equal  in  number  to  the  segments 
of  the  perianth.  Ovarium  free.  Slylei  I  or  more.  Frtal  either  a  capsule 
or  berry,  8 — Celled,  but  of  one  cell  by  abortion.  Seedt  I  to  3  in  each 
ceil,  albuminous. 

Ltavei  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  mostly  evergreen ;  reticulated,  though 
the  genus  ii  considered  monocotyledonous.  Flower*  corymbose,  axillary. — 
Rambling  shrubs,  rarely  attaining  a  large  site  in  British  gardens;  natives  of 
Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America. 


Genus  I. 

HE 


1094 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM- 


Gcn.  Char,     Perianth  6-parted.     Stamens  6.    Stylet  3.     Beny  3-ceOed  ;  celb 
s^seeded.  (G.  Don,) 

Leaves  as  in  the  Order.  Flowers  corvnibose»  axillary.  Shrubs^  climbi]]^ 
by  means  of  their  tendrils,  with  stems  that  are  generally  prickly.  Leaves 
with  veiny  disks.    The  tendrils  are  intrapetiolar  stipules. 

In  British  gardens,  they  grow  in  sandy  loam,  and  are  readily  propngated  br 
division  of  the  root.  They  are  not  showy,  but  they  are  interring  from  thar 
climbing  character,  as  being  generally  evergreen,  and  as  being  some  of  the  few 
hardv  lio;neou8  plants  which  belong  to  the  grand  division  of  v^etables  Mooo- 
cotyledones. 

§  i.  Stems  prickly  and  angular. 

L  ].  S,  A^sPERA  L.    The  rough  Smikx. 

IdeiUifieation,    Lin.  So.,  IMS. ;  ViU.  Daupb.,  3.  p.  372. ;  Mart.  Mill.,  No.  I. 
Synontfmet.    Koogh  Bindweed ;  Rogo  acerbone,  ItaL 
Engraomgt,    SchL  Han.,  3.  328. ;  and  oary^.  2042. 

Spec.  Char.y  Spc,  Stem  prickly,  angular ;  leaves  toothed  and  prickly,  cordite; 
9-nerved.  (Wiild.)  A  climbing  evergreen.  South  of  Europe^  Asia  Minor. 
and  Africa.  Height  5  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  164^.  Flowers  whitab; 
July.    Berries  red ;  ripe  in  September. 

Varieties, 

i.  S.  a.  2  auriculdta  Ait.  —  Leaves  ear-shaped  at  the  base. 

L  S.  a.  3  mauritdmca,     S.  maurit&nica  Poir.  —  Introduced  in  182Ql»  sad 

there  are  plants  in  the  Horticultural  Society's 

Garden,  and  in  some  private  collections. 

The  roots  are  thick  and  fleshy,  spreading  wide,  and  j^^ 
striking  deep  ;    and   the^   are  sometimes   sold   by  the  (m, 
druggists  of  the  South  of  Europe  for  those  of  S.  Sarta-  rP\ 
parwa^  as  they  possess  nearly  the  same  qualities,  but  in 
an  inferior  degree ;    they   are   also  larger,   and  more 
porous.     In  British  gardens,  this  species,  which  is  per- 
haps the  handsomest  of  those  which  are  hardy,  is  com- 
monly trained  against  a  wall ;  but  it  will  also  attach  itself 
to  rough  stakes  or  trelliswork,  though  it  seldom  flowers 
when  so  treated. 

I-  2.  S,  exce'lsa  L,    The  tall  Smilax. 

IdenMleation.     Lin.  Sp.,  14S8.  ;  Alt.  Hort.  Kew.,  ed.  2.,  6. 

Synottymn.    S.  orient^Iis,  &c.,  Toum.  Cor.  45.,  Bux.  Cent.  1. 

18. ;  8.  iipera  Alp.  JEgyjU.  ed.  2.  140. 
Engravingt.    Bux.  Cent,  1.  i.  27. ;  Alp.  JEgTpt.,  ed.  2.,  1. 141. ; 

fcnd  our  ^.2043. 

Spec,  Char.y  4*c.  Stem  prickly,  angular.  Leaves 
unarmed,  cordate,  9-nerved.  {WUld,)  A  climb- 
ing evergreen  shrub.  Syria.  Height  6  ft.  to 
12  ft.  Introduced  in  1739.  Flowers  greenish 
white  ;  August  and  September.  Berries  red  or 
black ;  ripe  in  November. 

Stems  4-comered,  and  prickly;  mounting  to 
the  tops  of  tall  trees,  by  means  of  their  clasping 
tendrils.  Leaves  2  in.  long,  and  I  Jin.  broad  at 
the  base,  having  5  longitudinal  nerves,  but  no 
spines  on  their  margins.  The  roots  resemble  and 
possess  the  same  qualities  as  those  of  i^.  aspera, 
but  are  inferior  to  those  of  S,  SarsaparUla, 

L  3.  S,  ru'bens  WaU,    The  teA-tendriled  Smilax. 

Ident^Uation.    Watfon  Dend.  Brit,  1. 106. 
Engravings.    Dend.  Brit.,  1 108. ;  and  our  fig.  2044. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.     Stem  angular,  prickly.    Leaves  ovate-subcordate,  lathff 


LXXIX,    SKtLACEX.:    5UI  LAX, 


niucronate-Jenticulate  near  the  base.  (  IValt.)  A 
handsome  evergreen  climbing  shrub.  North  Ame- 
rica, in  wuods  and  bv  Btreains.     Height  3fi.  to 

4  ft.     Flowers  greenish  while  i  July. 

1  4.  S.  Sms^Pjxi'lla  L.     The  mcdicmiU  Smilax, 

or  Sarsaparilla. 

Um^kaUim.    LIB,  Sp.,  lUg. ;  Pnnh  Fl.  Amer.  8«pt.,  l,p.M9. 

Sifliaitfma.    S.  iwrnTUiu  SuruporiUa  Ger.  EmK.  S-19.  1  S.  |lUi(a 

DriKlttm.     SarsamaHUit  ll  foniMUDdPd  of  two  SpuiliJi  wanlt: 
lb.,  lorHi.  Rd.  Htd  /ariUa.  ■  Unit  ilne. 

ErvroFnui.     Sand.   BcfC.   t.  111.  i 

»«1  our  A.  SOW. 
Spec.  CAar.,  ijc.   Slem  prickly, 

angular.    Leaves  unanneil,  bm*. 

ovuie-junceulate,  endiDg  in 

1  lonp  sharp  point ;    fi-nerved,   glau 


in  1G(!4.     Flowers  greenish  while ;  August. 

Steina  shrubby,  long,  slender,  and  climbing.  Roots 
divided  into  several  long  slender  brsncheB,  which  are 
somewhat  thicker  than  s  goose-quill,  stmigbc,  brown 
on  their  exterior,  but  white  internally,  anil  from  3  (t, 
to  4  R.  long.  Sarsaparilla,  on  its  first  introduction, 
Has  considered  as  a  npecific  against  numerous  dis- 
orders, and  it  is  still  employed  in  rheumatic  complaioU 
scrofula,  and  all  ci 


Spec.  CAar,,   ^c.      Stem   aubarmed. 

lanceolate,  acuminate  ;  auiiculate,  or  spear- 
shaped,  at  the  base ;  ciliated  or  pnckly 
on  the  margin  ;  3 — 5  nerves.  Berri^ 
round.  (H'i/id.)  An  evergreen  climbing  , 
shrub.  Carolina  and  Florida,  on  the  sea- 
coast.  Height  4  ft.  to  5  ft.  Introduced  in  1830.  Flowers 
green  j  August  and  September. 

L  6.  S.  Wi'TSON/  Swt.    Mr.  Wataon's  Siiiilai. 


Ciar.i^c.     Stem  pnckly,  angular.     Leaves  ovate,  acu- 
lated,  somewhat  cordate  at  the  base,  glabrous,  3 — 5- 
nerved.    Berries  elliptic.      An  evergreen  climbing  shrub, 
North  America.    Height  3  fi.  to  3  ft.     Introduced  in  1820, 
or  before.     Flowers  greeuish  ;  August. 
L  7.  S.  WiLTKR//  Pursh.    Walter'*  Smilax. 

ayTonV^.    S.  Chlni  ffaU.  Fl-  Car.  ^  Mi.* 

Sjiec.  Char,,   ^e.     Stem  prickly.     Leaves  ovate-cordate,   smooth,  3-nerved. 
Berries  acuminate.  (Furii.)     A  climbmg  evergreen  shrub. .   Viigiuia  and 


1096  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICtTUM    BRITANNIC 

Carolina,  on  the  river  sidei.  Height  3  ft.  to  5  ft. 
Introduced  in  1880,  or  before.  Floireis  greeniih 
white;  August. 

L  8.  S.  maculi'ta  Boii.     The  spotted-leaved  Smilax. 

UimtUlctUoK.    Raib.  I  Roil*  111.,  s.  )M. 

C^nrivf.    B^leIUMt.M.,fl(.l.i  onrjV'IB**' 

Spec.  Char.,  ^,   Stem  angular,  prickly.   Leaves  cordate^ 
somewhat  haslately  lanceobte,  conueous,  the  under 
sides  ofthe  nerves  and  petioles  prkUy.  (6.  Z)aii.)   A 
climbing  evergrecD  shrub.     Nepal,  1819.    Height  5  ft.        ' 
to  10ft.    Flowers  whitish;  Augtist. 

§  ii.    Slemi  prickly,  round. 
L  0.  S.  China  L.     The  Chinese  Smilax. 
,    Lin.  ^  ^*j^-  ■  *"■  ""^ 

Spec.  Char„  ^e.     Stem  round,  with  b  few  spines  ; 

leaves  roaadish-ovate,  with  acute  points,  5-iiierved. 

{Willd.)     An   evergreen  dimtiing  shrub.      China 

and  Japan,     Height  SO  ft.      Introduced  in   1T69. 

Flowers  greeaish  white  ;  August.     Berries  red. 

The  root  isverjr  large,  fleshy,  and  reddish:  it  is 
used  for  (bod,  in  some  parts  of  China,  instead  of 
rice;  and  is  considered  extremely  nourishing.  Brown 
found  it  in  abundance  in  Jamaica,  where  the  roots 
are  used  to  feed  hogs.  When  fim  brought  to  Eng- 
land, it  WIS  cultivated  in  the  stove:  it  was  afterwards 


id  hardy. 

L   10.  S.  ROTUND  iFoli  A  L.     The  round-lesved  SmilaL 
UfmiilaaioiL.    Lin.  Sp..  1M0. 1  Pnnhrt.  Amir.  SM..1.P.  KS. 

Spec.  Char.,  fy:.  Stem  round,  somewhat  prickly.  Lea>e> 
roundish-ovate  or  cordate,  verv  smooth,  A-nerved.  Bci- 
ries  spherical.  {Willd.)  A  climbing  evergreen  afanih. 
North  America,  from  Canada  to  Carolina.  Hei^  6  b. 
Introduced  in  1760. 


L   U.  S. 


L.     The  Laurel-leaved  Smilax. 


SltiuMMui.    S.  ftlura,  ttt,  riam.  le. ;  S.  in'rlt.  »c^ 
Emtrn'tintl.    Cit.  Cu..  1. 1.  IS,  :  Plina.  It.  1  mud  Ofir  j^.  M6I. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^,  Stems  round ;  main  stem  prickly. 
Branchea  unarmed.  Leaves  coriaceous,  dltpdc,  3- 
nerved.  Umbels  on  very  short  peduncles.  (WSId.'i 
A  very  handsome  evergreen  climbing  shrub. '  North 
Amenca,  in  sandy  boggy  woods,  from  New  Jersey 
to  Georda.  Height  10ft,  to  12 fL  Introduced  in 
1739.  Flowers  greeninh  white  i  August.  Berries 
black  ;  ripe  in  September  and  October. 

i.   18.  S.  rAMsiJi^Dis  L.    The  Bleck-Bryony4ike 


LXXIS. 


A  CE£  :    SUVLAX. 


SnnwiiH.    S.  ftrliiiiii  nln-B.  kc  (Mni.  Cor.  1.  LBL 
£ivri»nvi.    CU.  Cv.,  I.  e.  U.;  uulouijlt.  SUl. 

J^c.  CAar.,  ^r.  Stem  round  and  prickly. 
Leaves  unanned,  cordaie-oblong,  7-nerred. 
(Wilid.)  A  climbing  evergreen  shrub, 
rather  auflhiteacent  than  woody.  Virginia 
and  Carolina,  in  randy  net  woods  and 
bogs.  Introduced  in  1T3«.  Flowers 
greenish  white  ;  June  and  JiUy.  Berries 
black )  ripe  in  August  and  September. 

1   13.  S.  CADU'CA  L.     The  deciduous  Smilai. 

Batrmlf.    Oat  fit.  iow. 

Spec.  Char.,  S[c.  Stem  round,  prickly.  Leaves  unarmed, 
ovate,  3-iierved.  (Willd.)  A  deciduous  climber,  with  a 
flexible  stem,  armed  with  a  Tew  short  spines,  black  at 
the  tip.  Carthiigena  m  New  Spain,  and  Canada. 
Hdght  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1759,  Flowers  greenish 
white  i  July.     Sparingly  produced  in  British  gardens. 

L  U.  S.  Gi^v'cA  Simt.     The  Raucous  Sniilas. 


Spec.  Char.,  4^.  Stem  round,  prickly.  Leaves  unanned,  rotund-ovate,  mucro- 
nate,  somewhat  nerved,  glaucous  beneath.  Peduncles,  short,  two-flowered. 
North  America.    Height  3  ft.    Inirod.  1815.   Flowers  greenish  white;  July. 

§  iiL    Stems  unarmed,  Wangled. 

L  15.  S.  Bo^A-No'x  L.     The  Bona-nox,  or  aHaied,  Smilas. 


I  Purab  Fl.  Adih.  Sirpl.,  I 
■■>BamlL.PM.;&.m 


Spec.  Char.,  S(c.     Stalks  unarmed,  angular.     Leaves  cordate- 
ovate,  with  an  acute  point,  ciliated,  7-nerved.   ^WiUd.)     An 

_^  evergreen  climbing  shrub.     Carolina  and  Georgia,  in  woods. 

-^'     Hei^t  6ft.  to  10ft.     Introducedin  1739.    Flower* greenish 
white;  June  and  July. 

Plukenet  mentions  a  varietv,  which  he 
has  figured  under  the  name  of  S.  B.  caro- 
liniina  Plak.  Phyt.  t.  1 1 1,  f.  3. 

L  16.  S.  latipo'lia  R.  Br.    The  broad-leaved  Smilax. 

Umtj/Icm/ion.    Brown   Frod.,  10).  i    AJL   Bolt. 

SufToriltt,     bvijlg.  XM. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Stem  unarmed,  an- 
gular. Leaves  ovate;  base  half- 
heart-shaped  or  obtuse,  glabrous, 
S-nerved;  petioles  bearing  tendrils. 
^Broum.y  An  evergreen  climbing 
shrub.  New  Holland.  Height  3  ft.  "»»■  "-i"""^ 
to  5  ft.     Introduced  in  1791. 


L    17.   S.  QUADRANGULA'HIS  Muhl.     He  foUT-Bflgled 

Smilax. 
UmiglcaHM.    Muhl.  InFlanSen.i  Punh  Fl.  Amir.  Sciit..l.ii.M». 
' ^ — .    Deod.  Bile.,  t,  IW.  i  ud  our  j^.  KM. 


1098 


ARBOR£TUM    £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


Spec,  0utr,y  S^c.  Stem  tetra^nous.  Leaves  unarmed,  ovate,  acute,  5-aerved. 
(Willd.)  An  evergreen  climbing  shrub.  North  America,  Height  5tL  to 
10ft.  Introduced  in  1812.  Flowers  pinkish;  June  and  July, 
black  ;  ripe  in  September. 

$  iv.  Stems  unarmed,  round. 

L  18.  iS^-  LANCEOLA^A  L,    The  hxiceo\aie4eav€d 

Siiiilax. 

Jdent(flcation.     Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  146a  ;  Parsh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.,  1. 

Symmiffne.    S.  noa-ipln6ia,  &c.,  Cai.  Car. 
tugravittgs.    Catenb.  Car.,  2.  t.  S4. ;  and  our  Jig.  S0&7. 

Sj)ec.  CAar.,  ^c.  Stem  unarmed,  round.  Leaves 
unarmed,  lanceolate.  (Willd.)  An  evergreen 
climbing  shrub.  Carolina.  Height  15  ft.  to  20  ft. 
Introduced  in  1765,  Flowers  greenish  white ; 
Tuly  and  August.   Berries  red  ;  ripe  in  September. 

L  19.  5.  yirginia'na  Mil,    The  Virginian  Smilax. 

Identifleatitm.    Mill.  Diet,  No.  9. ;  Mart.  Mill.,  No.  ». ;  Lodd.  Cat,  ed.  I«K. 
Engraving,    Pluk.  Phjt.,  t  110.  £  4.  ;  and  wujlg.  2096 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Stem  prickly,  angular.  Leaves  lanceolate, 
unarmed,  acuminate.  (Mill.)  An  evergreen  climbing  shrabi 
Virginia.  Height  5  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1800.  Floven 
greenish  white  ;  June  and  July. 

This  species  is  somewhat  tender ;  but  there  are  plants  in  tiK 

S058.  s.vtriiiiukiM.  opcu  ground  at  Messrs.  Loddiges*s. 

L  20.  S,  pu'bera  Willd.    The  downy  Smilax. 

Identification.    Willd.  .Sp.  PI..  4. ;  Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.  1.,  p.  850. 
SynoHifme.    S.  piiroila  IValt.  Car.  M4. 
Engraving     Our  Jig.  3059. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Stem  unarmed,  round.  Leaves 
oblong,  acute,  cordate,  indistinctly  5-nerved  ;  soft 
and  pubescent  beneath.  Berries  oblong,  acute. 
(Willd,)  An  evergreen  climbing  shrub.  North 
America.  Height  10  ft.  to  12  ft.  Introduced  in 
1806.    Flowers  greenish.    Berries  white. 

Kindt  of  Smilax  which  are  either  not  introduced,  or  of  which  we  hate  not  see* 

the  P/anU, 

S.  ovdta  Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.  1.  p.  249.  —  Stem  subarmed ;  leaves 
smooth,  ovate,  3-nerved,  and  very  shining  on  both  sides  ;  berries  b\aek.  A 
native  of  Georgia,  near  Savannah ;  flowering  in  July. 

S.  alba  Pursh  1.  c.  p.  250.  —  Stem  subarmed,  slightly  angular ;  leaves 
3-nerved,  lanceolate,  coriaceous,  glabrous  ;  berries  white.  Found  by  Walter, 
in  sandy  ground  on  the  edge  of  rivulets,  in  Carolina  ;  flowering  in  June. 

S.  pandurdta  Pursh  1.  c.  p.  251. —  Stem  prickly;  leaves  ovate,  fiddle- 
fchaped,  acuminate,  3>nerved  ;  smooth  and  shining  on  both  sides.  Found  br 
Pursh,  in  sandy  woods,  from  New  Jersey  to  Carolina  ;  flowering  in  July. 

S.  nigra  W.  and  S.  catalonica  Poir.  are  natives  of  Spain,  from  which  coun- 
try they  were  brought  to  England  in  1817.  The  first  is  probably  a  black-ber- 
ried variety  of  S,  lispera. 

S.  horrida  Desf.  —  A  native  of  North  America,  introduced  in  1820. 

S.  Villdnds\tL  Ham,,  S,  macrophyila  Roxb,,  (Royle  111.  voL  1.  p.  384.,  and 
vol.  2.  t.  94.  fig.  2. ;  and  our  fig,  2109.  in  p.  11 10.)  has  elliptical,  mucronatc, 
5-nerved,  smooth  leaves.     Mysore.     Not  yet  introduced. 

S.  alpina  W.  —  A  native  of  Greece,  introduced  in  1820. 


Lxxx.  LiLiA^CE^  :  jRu'scus.  1099 

Order  LXXX.    ZILIA^CE^E. 

Ord.  Char,  Perianth  regular,  6-parted.  Stamens  6,  opposite  the  segments, 
and  inserted  in  their  bases.  Ovarium  free.  Style  1.  Capsule  S-celled,  3- 
valved,  with  a  loculicidal  dehiscence.  Seeds  many,  generally  flat,  packed 
one  above  another,  in  one  or  two  ranks ;  testa  spongy  or  dilated.  Albumen 
fleshy.     Embryo  straight,  having  the  radicle  next  the  hilum.  {G,  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate  or  opposite,  stipulate  or  exstipulate,  deciduous 
or  evergreen ;  with  parallel  veins.  Flowers  mostly  white.  —  Shrubs  mostly 
evergreen  ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  America.    . 

In  British  gardens,  the  only  genera  which  contain  hardy  ligneous  plants 
are  two ;  which  are  thus  contradistinguished  :  — 

i?V'scus.    Flowers  dioecious.     Stamens  5,  monadelphous.     Style  1.    Cells 

of  berry  2-6eeded.  (G.  Don.) 
YifccA,    Perianth  campanulate.     Stamens  thickest  at  top.     Stigma  sessile. 

Capsule  trigonal.     Seeds  flat.  (G.  Don.) 

In  our  first  edition  the  shrubby  species  of  ilsp&ragus  are  included,  but  they 
are  here  omitted  as  not  being  perfectly  hardy. 

Genus  L 


□□a 


/JU'SCUS  L.    The  Butcher's  Broom.    Lin,  Syst.  DioeVia  Tri&ndria. 

IdeiUifleaH<m.  Lin.  Gen.,  534. ;  Just.,  43.;  FL  Br.,  1073. ;  Toorn.,  1. 15. ;  Lam.,  t  815. ;  Gcrtn., 
1. 16. 

Sunonffmet.    Fragon,  FT. ;  MHuMdorn,  Ger. ;  Rutco,  JtaL 

Derivation.  It  it  laid  to  hare  been  anciently  called  Brntcui,  from  beu*^  box,  and  kelem,  holly 
iCeUie\  box  holly;  or  from  6tiMW,  box.  Some  suppose  it  to  be  derived  from  rusnM,  flesh- 
coloured  ;  alluding  to  the  colour  of  the  fruit.  The  word  rtueu*  was,  howerer,  applied  to  any 
prickly  plant  by  the  ancient  Romans,  as  ruscus  syWestris,  the  holly,  Ac. 

Gen,  Char,  Perianth  6-parted.  Stamens  6,  monadelphous,  antheriferous  in 
the  male  flowers,  but  naked  in  the  female  ones.  Style  1.  Berty  globose, 
3-celled  ;  cells  ^-seeded.  (G.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen  ;  alike  green  on  both 
surfaces.  Flowers  rising  from  the  midribs  of  the  leaves ;  always  dioecious, 
except  in  JR.  racemdsus.  —  Low  evergreen  shrubs,  natives  of  Europe  and 
Africa. 

Though,  in  a  practical  point  of  view,  the  species  in  British  gardens  are 
treated  as  evergreen  shrubs,  yet,  in  a  strict  sense,  they  are  biennial  plants, 
like  the  raspberry  and  the  bramble.  They  all  thrive  in  sandy  soil,  and  are 
readily  increased  by  division  of  the  root. 

flL  1.  J2.  aculea'^us  L,    The  prickly,  or  common^  Butcher's  Broom. 

Identifleatioti.    Lin.  8p.  PL,  1474. :  Ens.  Bot.,  t.  560. ;  Eng.  Fl.,  4j).  336. ;  Hook.  Br.  FI.,  p.  481. 
Synonf/meM.    R.  myrtiffJius  aculefttus  Toum.  Inst. ;  Box  Holly,  iCnee  Holly,  wild  Myrtle,  prickly 

Pettlgree ;  Houx  Frelon,  petit  Houx  Buis  piquant,  Fraffon  ^pineux,  Fragon  piquant,  Pr. ;  Stech- 

ender  Mausedom,  Qer. ;  Rusoo,  Ital. 
Engravings.    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  56a  ;  and  wtxjtg.  3060. 

Spec.  Char.,  <j-c.  Leaves  ovate,  sharp-pointed,  flowering  on  the  upper  side, 
without  a  leaflet.  {Smth.)  An  evergreen  suflrutescent  plant.  Britain. 
Height  1  ft.  to  3  ft.  Flowers  greenish  white ;  March  and  April.  Berries 
scarlet ;  ripe  in  the  beginning  of  winter ;  very  ornamental. 

Varieties. 

tt.  R.  a.  2  rotundt/okus  Barrel.  Ic.  517.,  Mart.  Mill.     R.  vulgaris  folio 

ampli6re  DiU.  Elth,  333,  334.  t.  251.  f.  324.  — Leaves  somewhat 

larger  and  rounder  than  those  of  the  species. 
a.  R.  a.  3  Itunis  Smith.  R,  14xus  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1636.  — Leaves  elliptic. 


1100 


ARBORETUM   £T   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


acute  at  both  ends,  branches  loose.    R.  flexudsus  Aiiii,  Ko.  6.,  Piniv 
fessor  Martyn  thinks,  is  probably  this  variety. 

The  stems  do  not  flower  till  the  second  year ;  after  which  they  cUe  down  to 
the  ground,  like  those  of  the  raspberry,  and  some  species  of  Anilax  and  ifspa- 
ragus.  The  leaves  are  a  continuation  of  the  branches  ;  equally  fiim  and 
equally  durable,  as  they  never  drop  off,  but  die  along  with  the  branch,  or 
frond.  The  roots  are  thick,  fleshy,  white,  branching  at  the  crown,  and  after- 
wards  twining  about  each  other,  and  putting  out  frecjuent 
fibres,  like  those  of  the  asparagus  ;  oblique,  and  striking 
deep  into  the  ground.  The  female  flowers  are  succeeded 
by  bright  red  berries,  which  are  almost  as  large  as  wild 
cnerries,  and  of  a  sweetish  taste  ;  having  two  large 
oranee-coloured  seeds  in  each,  eibbous  on  one  side,  flat 
on  the  other,  and  extremely  hard.  The  green  shoots 
are  cut,  bound  in  bundles,  and  sold  to  the  butchers  for 
sweeping  their  blocks ;  whence  the  popular  English 
name  of  butcher's  broom.  It  is  also  used,  in  London, 
by  the  manufacturers  of  cigars,  &c.,  for  sprinkling  the 
saline  liquor  over  the  tobacco  leaves.  The  tender  young 
shoots,  m  spring,  are  sometimes  gathered  and  eaten  by 
the  poor,  both  in  England  and  France,  like  those  of 
asparagus.  Planted  under  trees  or  shrubs,  the  iZuscus 
aculeatus  will  spread  into  large  clumps,  especially  in  loamy 
soil ;  and,  as  it  retains  its  leaves  all  the  winter,  it  has  a  good  effect  as  a  k>v 
undergrowth,  more  especially  as  it  will  live  in  situations  so  shady  as  to  be 
unfit  for  almost  any  otner  plant. 

ji  2.  B.  HYPOPHT^LLUM  L,    The  under4eaf  Ruscus,  or  broadiemned 

BiUcher's  Broom. 

IdaUifieaihn.    Lin.  Sn.,  1474. ;  Ait.  Hort.,  ed.  S.,  6.  p.  490. 
Symmpmet.    R.  ladibltiu,  ftc,  Tomm.  Intt.  79. ;  iMTtu  alexandrtna 

Lob.  AdM.^  4e.  509. ;  Fragon  uns  FoUole,  Wr,  \  brdtbliiltilger  MSu. 

Mdorn,  (7«r. :  Bonlfaoda  ItoL 
Engravings.    Bot.  Mag.,  9040. ;  and  our^.  9061. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c.  Flowers  produced  underneath  the 
leaves.  (^WiUd,)  A  low  evergreen  shrub.  Italy 
and  Africa.  Height  2fl.  to  3fL  Introduced  in 
1683.  Flowers  whitish  ;  May  and  June.  Berries 
red,  about  the  size  of  those  of  the  common  juni- 
per ;  ripe  in  September  and  October. 

Variety, 

jk  R.  A.  2  trifoUdtum,  R.  trifoliatus  AfUL  No.  5. 
— Leaves  ovate-acuminate,  placed  by  threes, 
with  flowers  on  their  upper  sides.  It  is  a  na- 
tive of  Zante,  and  some  other  of  the  Greek 
islands,  where  it  grows  about  2fl.  high. 


siei.  «. 

te  3.  R.  (h.)  ifvpooLo'ssuir  L.    The  Under-tongue  Ruscus,  or  domUc' 

leaved  Butchefs  Broom, 

Jdeni0eation.    Lin.  Sp..  1474. ;  Ait.  Hort  Kew.,  6.  p.  491. 
Sifnon§fme$.    R.  anguadft>llus,  Ac.  Ttmm.  Intt.  79.;  Hrpogl6Mum 

Lob,  A49. 984. ;  UvulirU  Srmitf.  t.  96,  97. ;  Fragon  i  FoUolft,  Fr. ; 

Zungen  Bfjuuedorn.  Ger. ;  Lingua  pagaoa,  Dal. 
Bngrmvingt.    Lob.  AdT.  Ic,  6S8. ;  Barrel.  Ic.,  260. ;  Blaekw.,  1. 198. ; 

and  our  Jig.  9009. 

Spec.  Char,,  S^c,  Leaves  floriferous  underneath,  with 
leaflet.  {Willd.)  Alow  evergreen  shrub.  Italy, 
Idria,  Hungary ;  and  Afirica,  about  Algiers.  Hdght 
6  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1596.  Flowers  pale 
yellow ;  April  and  May.  Berries  red,  almost  as 
lATge  as  those  of  i(.  aculeatus ;  ripening  in  winter. 


LXXX.    ilLlA^CEJE:    YlfCCA.  1101 

sin  h.     The  mceiiKwe  Ratnu,  or  AUnmdria  Laurel. 

tH.i  AltHon.  K«r.,<d.  r.S.p.  ttl. 

_, ,,_ _. jlu.  Iraaa  uminli  niDiiUi.  Ac.  IWm.  /»(  n..  Da  Hm.  Art.  *. 

f  nfon  k  GnppH,  Fr.  ;  TtVJibta  MmtAam,  Qtr.  \  I^ura  Idea,  iUJ. 
fiVraiA^i.     Demi.  BrlU,  t.  lU.  j  ouc  j((-  »£)-  to  our  lUuM  Kale  i  taiM-  ''M.  of  Ul«  »liiril  tin 

Sptc.  Char.,  ^c,    Fbwcis  hermaphrodite,  produced  at 
the  mds  of  the  branches.  (fViUd.)     A  low  eTergreeo 
shrub.    Portugal.    Height  4  ft.    In- 
troduced in  1739.    Flowers  greenish 
yellow;  May.    Berries  red,  with  a 
round  coriaceoui  white  diak  at  the 
base ;  ripening  during  winter. 
According  to  lome,  this  species  is 
supposed  to  be  the  plant  with  which 
the  ancients   crowned   their   victors ; 
but,    though   the    stalks   are   flexible 
enough  to  wreath  easily,  and  the  leavet 
resemble  those  represented  oa  aadent 
busts,  yet  the  truit  being  terminal,  does 
not  agree  nearly  so  well  with  the  fruit 
represented  in  the  crowDs  on   these 
wti.  moMHM.    jmgi^  ^  (j,3j  pf  ([,g  £e6rus  o6bilis, 
which  is  axillary,   and  resembles  that  shown   in   the 
coronal  wreaths  of  classical  sculpture. 

0£NU8   II. 


ED 


YU'CCA  L.    The  Yucca,  or  Adah's  IfESOLE.    Lm.  Sifil.  Hex&ndria 
Mooog/oia. 

I  Alt.  Han.K«w.,«d.S..t.ISl.l  N.  DllH^.,t.  lu. 


,  ,         .  .  (G.  Don.) 

Leaaei  simple,   alternate,   exstipulate,    evergreen  j    ensiform,    pointed. 

Flowrri  large,  white ;  disposed  in  spikes  or  panicles,  terminal. — SbrulMeTer- 

green,  with  the  habit  of  palm  trees  ;  natives  of  North  and  South  America, 

chiefly  on  the  sea  coast. 

In  British  gardens,  most  of  the  species  are  somewhat  tender.  They  prefer 
a  dry  and  deep  sandy  soil,  or  a  sandy  loam  ;  and  they  are  readily  prop^ated 
by  suckers,  which  are  thrown  up  by  the  roots,  or  by  side  shoots,  which  are 
occasionally  produced  on  the  stem.  They  sometimes  ripen  seeds,  wl  ich,  if 
sown  immediately  after  they  are  gathered,  and  placed  in  a  moderate  h  t-bed, 
will  come  up  in  six  weeks.  In  their  native  countries,  their  leaves,  "eated 
like  the  stalks  of  hemp  or  flax,  afford  a  fibre  which  may  be  used  like  knat  of 
those  plants,  in  the  manufacture  of  doth  or  cordage ;  and  the  stems,  mace- 
rated in  water,  deposit  a  feculent  matter,  from  which  starch  may  be  procured. 
Id  a  floricultural  point  of  view,  all  the  species  are  highly  ornamental ;  and 
no  lawn  or  flower  trarder  oiuht  to  be  without  some  of  them.  As  the  yucca 
grows  naturally  on  the  sea  shore,  it  is  particularly  adapted  for  marine  gardens. 

o'SA  L.     The  glorious  Yucca,  or  Adam'i  Xeedie. 
It.  Hon.  Kew.,  ed.  I..9.  p.  »l. 
-~      —     r.i,iMM,iii:..Barr.Rm.TI).t-nM.iY..«tYtaa, 


1 102  ARBORETUM    £T    FRUTICETUH    BRITANMICUM. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  l 
nia  and  Carolina.  Heigl 
Flowers  white  ;  July  and  August. 

■  Y.g.2JuSiitiariegiiuLodd.Cat.  ed.  1836.  — LesTCt  Tiriegated. 
Tile  leaves  are  broad  and  stiff, 
but  thin  :  they  are  of  a  very  dark 
green,  and  end  in  a  eliBrp  black 
spine.  The  flower-stalk  la  gene- 
rally about  3  H.  hi^h,  branching 
out  on  every  side  [o  a  conaidera- 
bte  distance  ;  but  the  flowers  are 
very  wide  asunder  on  the  stalk. 
Sooietinies  the  panicles  of  flowers 
spring  at  once  from  tbe  centre  of 
the  leaves,  without  the  interven- 
tion of  a  stalk.  The  flowers  are 
bell-ahaped,  and  hang  downwards; 
and  each  petal  is  white  within, 
but  is  marked  with  a  purple  stripe 
on  the  outside.  They  are  scent- 
less, and  are  seldom  succeeded  by 

seeds  in  England.     The  fibres  of  the  leaves  are  used  by  the  Indiai 
a  kind  of  cloih,  and  also  corda,  which  they  use  to  fasten  their  houses  to- 
gether, and  lu  make  (heir  owing  beds,  called  hammocks. 
At  Carthagena,  a  starch,  or  rather  glue,  i*  made  from   , 
the  stem,  which  may  be  eaten  or  made  into  paste. 

m.  2.  Y.  (o.)  suPE'RBA.    The  superb  Yucca. 

UtM^UallBii.    Hmorth  SimM..  Plunt.  Suec.,  p.  Vt.  i  BM.  Beg.,  ISM. 

SMMonfmf.    Y.  glorlftH  And.  BoL  Itrp.  L  <73. 

Enfrawinfl.     BoL  Rup.,  [.  473.  -,  Boi.  Ras.,  I.  IGH.;  oA  oat  Jlf.Miet. 

Spec.  Char.,  t^c.  Stem  arborescent.  Leaves  sword- 
shaped  and  plaited,  with  a  very  strong  spine.  Flowers 
ovate,  bell-ihaped,  and  drooping ;  pure  white.  {A»d.) 
A  low  evergreen  shrub,  resembling  the  preceding 
species,  but  rather  larger  in  all  its  parts. 


■.  3.  T.  AuolvoXiK  L.     The  Aloe-leaved  Yucca,  o 


Symimi/ma.     f.  utor^Knit.  ftc.,  DHL  Bl^  419. :  Y.  cuiIVkcu  llir»t.  R  Bar.  Jmtr.  i.  a   X» 
fiiVruUitfl.    Dil.  EUb..  t.  3X1.  r.  tIS. :  Bol.  Hat:  >.  ITOO.  i  ud  outjit.  W6T. 

^c.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  cr^nulate,  stiff.  (WUld.) 
A  low  tree,  with  the  habit  of  a  palm.  South 
America.  Height  lOft  to  Hit.  Introduced  in 
1G96.     Flowers  white  ;  August  and  September. 

n.  Y.  a.  2  pindala  Cat.  Hort.  Par.    p.  !*.— 
Leaves  pendent. 
This  species   has  a  thick  touch  stem  or  trunk, 
crowned   with  a  head  or  tuft   of  stiff  narrow  llfiht 
green  leaves,  the  edges  of  which  are  slightly  serrated,  i 
'        ending  in  sharp,  strong,  very  hard  f 


the  floi 


r-stiOk  ri 


■e  of  the 


lo  form  a  pyramid.     The  flowers  grow 

branches,  and  form  a  regular  spike:  they  are  pur- 

pluh  without  and  white  within.     When  the  flowers 


Lxxx.  xilia'cr£:   YlfCCA.  1103 

hare  dropped,  the  head  from  which  thc^  iprang  iliea  :  but,  geneTall]i,  one  or 
two  young  heads  come  out  from  the  side  of  the  italic,  below  the  old  head. 
Rather  more  tender  than  Y.  gloriosa. 

■  4.  r.  D 


.    Lh).ap.,»57. 1  All.  Hon.  K»w,,«i.  a..  i.p.»L 

Sj/nommtnt.    Dncbnl  CrboK^  Ac,  Bauk.  Pin.  Wft. 

A^ittxg:    DHL  BlUl,,  3M.  IIT.  i  But  Rtg.,  t.  18ft4.  ;  ind  our  A.  MG8. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.     Leaves  crenated,  nodding.  {Wiild.)  A  low  evergreen  shrub. 
South  Carolina.     Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft. ;  some- 
times 6  h.      Introduced  in   lT3i.      Flowers 
white  1  October  and  November. 
Leaves  narrow,  dark   green,   han^ne  donn, 

serrated,  and  ending  in  acute  spine*.     Flowers 

pendulous,  milk-white,  with  a  strong  unpleasant 

smell.    One  of  the  most  stately  species  of  ibe 

genus,  conveying  no  bad  idea  of  a  palm  tree. 

The  great  peculiarity  by  which  it  appears  to  be 

distinguished  is,  the  spreading  of  the  flowers, 

the   segments   of  which,  instead   of  remaining 

closed  in  a  globose  manner,  as  in  most  of  the 

other  species,  expand  till  they  dive^e  from  the 

flower-stalk  nearly  at  a  right  angle.  uhs.  r.  dniMi. 

•  5.  r.  STRi'cTA  Smt,     The  upright  Yucca,  or  Lwm'i  narrow-ktteed  Adam'i 
Needle. 


Spec,   Char.,  ifc.      With  a  stem.      Leaves   linear- 

hinceolate,   very   stiff;    elongated    at   the  apei. 

Flower  stem   branched   at    the  base ;    branches 

simple.     Flowers  orbiculate,  bell-shaped.  (,SiDu.) 

An  evergreen  shrub.     Carolina.     Height  4  ft.  to 

5  ft.  Introduced  in  1817.  Flowers  laree,  green- 
ish while,  with  a  purplish  tinge ;  Jul;  and  August. 

The  leaves  are  very  long,  straight,  and  tapering  to 
a  long  point,  with  a  very  few  scattered  threads  on 
the  margin.  They  are  of  a  deep  green  edged  with 
yellow,  and  rigid  in  texture.  nsg.  r.  xaom. 

«.  6.  Y.  RECiiBViFo'LiA  &fi»S.     The  recurved-leaved  Yucca. 

MrKt^aitkm.    Sllllb.  In  Puid.  Load.,  11. ;  Funb  FL  Anw.  3«p(.,  1.  p.  MS. 
SVTitMyme.    Y.  recfirrm  Hort. 
Entratlsg.    Our  jV-         ■  hi  p. 

Spec.  Char.,  j-c.  With  a  stem.  Leavee  linear  lanceolate;  ^reen,  recurved, 
deflexed,  slightly  thready  on  the  mar^n.  Petals  broad  in  the  interior. 
{Saliih.)  An  evergreen  nhrub.  Georgia,  on  sandy  shores.  Height  2  fr.  to 
Sft.  Introduced  m  1794.  Flowersgreenishyellow.withatingeof  purple; 
July,  August,  and  September. 
»7.  r.  FiLAMEKTo'sA.     The  fliamentose  Yucca,  or  lltreadt)  Adam' t  Needle. 

tdauaiaitim.    LJ1I.S0..W.:  AH.  Hon.  Kew.,  ed.  3.,  (Z.Ji,  Kl. 

aSIS^lr.     y.Rlll.ai«n™!».llM..rf../jTW.S  <19.i  y^rtr^nlll,»,I.C..PJ.J..<ta.3B6. 

g^irinl^.    Bot.  Mi«.,1.90D.imilourA.OT0. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.     Leaves  serrated  and  thready.  {Willd.)     A  low  evergreen 

shrub,  with  the  habit  of  a  herbaceous  plant.  Virginia.  Height  of  the  leaves 

?in.to  IBin.;  of  theflowerstemSft.  to  Sft.   Introduced  in  1675.  Flowers 

large,  white ;  September  and  October. 

The  flowers  are  latter  and  whiter  than  those  of  T,  gloriosa,  and  sit  clo^e 


1104  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH   BRITANNICCM. 

to  the  Btalk.    On  the  lidea  of  the  leares  are  long  threaia,  which  hang  Aow^ 
It  is  perfectly  bardj. 


■  8.  y.  (y.)  ANOUSTiPO'LlA  Purih.     The  nurow-letlTed  Yucca, 

HflUdtuUn.    Pnnh  Fl.  Anwr,  Sept,  ].  p.  IZI.  i  NuCUU  Gm.  PI.  Ana.,  I.  p.  118. 

fiwrattv'-    Bol'  Hit,,  t-  ltW>  I  linl  oiuA-  *"'• 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Without  a  stem.  Leaves  long-linear,  rigid ;  margin  slightlT 
filamentoee.  Capsules  large,  obovate-cylindricaL  ^PurtA.)  A  low  ctb'- 
green  shrub,  witn  the  habit  of  a  herbaceous  plant.  Banks  of  the  Miaoari 
River.  Height  of  the  leavea  6  in.  to  18  in. ;  of  die  stem  S  ft.  to  5  ft.  Introd. 
1811.  Flowers  greenish  white,  without  anj^  tinge  of  purple;  Septembo'. 
This  species  has  been  sometimes  confounded  with  T.  strlcta  ;  but  ifae  lemie 

are  narrower  and  more  recurved,  and  the  threads  on  the  margin  much  longer. 

The  whole  plant  is  of  humbler  growth  ;  the  flower  stem  is  not  branched,  aad 

the  flowers  are  more  oblong  than  round, 

■  9.  Y.  fla'ccida  Haw.     The  iacdd-ieiaxd  Yucca, 

UtnlifitaUoa.    Hiw.  Supp.,  p.  S6.  ;  Uodl,  In  Bo>.  Rrg..  •ol.  »M~  unJ"  T-  draciot". 

Spec.  Clun:,  ^c.  Lea*es  all  rtrj  flacdd,  vcak. 
bent  below  the  middle  and  recurred,  vcft 
long  and  lanceolate,  flat,  concave  aod  bb- 
cronulate  at  the  apex,  roughish  ;  mai^ad 
filaments  strong,  yellowish.  (^Haaardk.)  A 
low  evergreen  shrub.  Geot^a.  Height  of 
the  leavea  I  ft.  to  2  ft.  l  of  tlie  flower  steo* 
3  ft.  to  5  ft.  Introduced  in  1816,  Flowtn 
pale  yellow  ;  July. 
A  pretty  and  apparently  distinct  apede^  vd 

marked  by  its  thread-edged 

BCBbrous    leaves    and    [Mie 

yellowish  white  flowers. 
s  Ham.    The  glaucescent  Yucca. 


^iK.  Char.,  ij-c.     Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  entire,  concave, 

glauceficent,  straight;  margin  slightly  filamentose.  (Swt.) 

An  evergreen  stemless  planL    North  America.     Height 

oftheftower-stemsSft.  to  5  ft,     Introd-  181B.   Flowers 

greenish  white,  tinged  with  yellow  i  Aug.  and  September. 

Leaves  very  stiff,  concave,  of  a  dull  glaucous  colour,  ter- 

niinating  in  a  sharp  homy  spine ;  margin  entire,  with  here 

and  there  a  slender  white  thread,  slightly  twisted.     It  has 

thehabitofr.  Slainentoaa,  with  larger  and  more  nui     "     " 

blossoms,  and  more  elegant  iharp-pointed  foliage. 


SUPPLEMENTARY   FIGURES 

BEFERRED  TO  IN  THE  TEXT. 


1106  ARBORETUM    ET    FftUTlCCTUH    BRITANNICUH. 


SUPPLBHENTAKV    FIGURES. 


X 


ARBORETUM    ET   FBUTICETUM   BRITANNICUIL 


lUPPLEMEMTARY    FIGURES. 


1110  ARBORETUM   KT    FRDTICBTUM    BRITANNICUH. 


nil 

SUPPLEMENTARY  SPECIES  AND  VARIETIES, 

WITH   CORRECTIONS. 


In  the  following  List  we  have  omitted  a  number  of  garden  names,  as  of 
doubtful  application ;  and  we  have  given  few  or  no  descriptions,  because 
most  of  the  plants  are  just  raised  from  seed,  or  introduced  from  abroad. 
A  similar  list  to  the  present  has  been  given  in  the  Gardener*!  Magazine 
every  year  since  the  publication  of  the  large  edition  of  the  Arboretum^  and  will 
continue  to  be  given  yearly,  so  that,  by  referring  to  that  work,  the  latest 
introductions  of  hardy  woody  plants  may  always  be  ascertained. 

jRanuncula^ce^  :  Cleuati^deje.     Page  2. 

1  Clematis  caUfimica  Gard.  Mag.  1841,  p.  13.,  is  a  very  doubtful  species, 
said  to  resemble  C.  florida. 

±  Atra'gene  macropHala  Ledebour  MS.  G.  M.  1840,  p.  631.  A  native  of 
Siberia,  resembling  A,  alpina,  and  probably  only  a  variety  of  it. 

Several  sufTruticose  species  of  Clematis  are  described  in  Torrey  and  Gray's 
Flora  of  North  America^  which  remain  to  be  introduced. 

yfinTRVLA^'CBJE,    Page  20. 

•  iLiycitm  religidtum  Sieb.  ?  The  Skimi  of  the  Japanese.  Probably  a 
variety  of  I.  anishtum,  with  which  the  Japanese  ornament  their  temples. 
(G.  M.  1842,  p.  13.) 

Maonol/^V£^.    Page  21. 

1  Maqn&lik  grandifidra  var.  Hdrwicut  Hort.  Said  to  be  raised  between 
M.  grandiflora  exoniensis  and  M.  fuscata,  and  to  be  quite  hardy.  (G.  M. 
1842,  p.  13.) 

A  M.  purpurea  var.  hjfbrida  Hort.  A  dwarf  variety,  well  adapted  for  a  wall 
in  a  small  garden.  (G.  M,  1842,  p.  13.) 

BERBERjtcBX.    Page  41. 

Several  species  of  Berberis  and  Mahonta  have  lately  been  raised  from 
Himalayan  seeds  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  to  which  names 
cannot  yet  be  given  with  certainty  ;  but  the  following,  chiefly  raised  since  the 
printing  of  this  work  was  commenced,  are  considered  true  to  their  names :  — 

A  Bb^rberib  vulgaris  fol,  purpureis  Hort.  This  is  a  very  ornamental  plant, 
with  leaves  as  dark  as  those  of  the  purple  hazel.  Lawson*s  Nursery, 
Edinburgh. 

m  MAHO'yiK  pallida,  (Berberis  pliUida  Hartw.  Benth.  Plant.  Hart.  p.  34. 
No.  268.)  Resembles  M.  ^quifolium,  but  the  leaflets  are  smaller,  less 
spiny,  and  from  11  to  15  in  number.  Flowers  whitish  ;  hence  the  specific 
name.  Found  in  Mexico,  where  it  grows  from  6  ft.  to  8  ft.  high.  (G.  Af, 
1840.  p.  631.) 

m  M.grdcilis.  (B,  grAciWn  Hartw,  Benth.  Pi.  Hart.  No.  271.)  Pinnate,  with 
4  pairs  of  leaflets,  slightly  toothed.  Mexico,  where  it  grows  about  6  ft. 
high.  (G,  M.  1840,  p.  631.) 

m  M,tnfoUata.  (^.  trifoliata  ^ar^.  Bot.  Reg.  Chron.  149. 1841.)  Trifoliate, 
with  small  yellowish  green  prickly  folioles,  and  fruit  of  a  yellowish  green 
when  ripe.    Mexico,  and  about  as  hardy  as  M.  fascicularis.  {G,  M,  1840^ 

p.  631.) 

4  B  4 


1112  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

The  following  species  will  probably  be  very  shortly  introduced,  and,  indeed, 
are  perhaps  already  in  a  seedling  state  in  the  H.  S.  Garden :  — 
m  M.  lanceoldtum.    (B,  lanceolktum  Benth,  PI.  Hart  p.  34.  No.  869.)     Pin- 
nate, with  long  slender  leaves,  and  13 — 17  leaflets,  very  spiny,  and  of  a 
dark  green.    Mexico,  on  mountains,  where  it  grows  m>Di  5  ft.  to  6  ft. 
high.     Considered  the  handsomest  of  all  the  Mexican  spedea.  (G.  Jf. 
1840,  p.  632.) 
m  Af.  angustifolia.   (B.  angustifolia  Hartw.  Benth.  PI.  Hart.  No.  270.)    Re- 
sembles  M.  fasciculiris,  but  is  much  smaller  in  all  its  parts.     Leaflets 
5 — 7,  light  green,  and  verj  spiny.     Mexico,  where  it  grows  from  6  ft.  to 
8  ft.  high,  with  purple  fruit,  sweet  to  eat. 
m  M.  Hartwegn.    (B.  Hartwegii  Benth.  PL  Hart.  No.  272.)    Pinnate,  «ith 
11 — 15  leadets,  which  are  nearly  double  the  size  of  those  of  M.  Jquk^ 
llum,  and  of  the  same  light  green  as  those  of  that  species.      Mexicsu 
Flowering  in  April. 

AuRANTiA^CEf.    Arb,  Brit,,  Ist  ed.,  vol  L  p.  395. 

•  LixioViA  Laureola  Wall.  PI.  As.  Rar.  t.  245.,  Royle  Illust.  toL  L  p.  343^ 
The  only  species  of  this  order  found  on  the  tops  of  cold  and  lolly  moan- 
tains  in  the  Himalayas,  where  it  is  for  some  months  buried  under  swv. 
Raised  in  the  H.  S.  Garden  from  seeds  received  from  I>r.  Royle  in  1841, 
and  probably  hardy  enough  to  endure  our  winters  against  a  walL  (G.  M. 
1811,  p.  608.) 

jFTYPERiCA^CBiE.    Page  74. 

«  HYPE^nicUM  rotmarimfoHum  Lam.  Diet. ;  Tor.  and  Gray,  voL  i.  p.  159.  A 
pretty  narrow-leaved  species,  from  Kentucky,  where  it  grows  2  ft.  high, 
flowering  in  July  and  August.  (G.  M.  1842,  p.  13.) 

i4cERA^CEiE.     Page  76. 

f  XcER  kevigatum  Wall.  Plant.  As.  Rar.  2.  p.  3.  1. 104. ;   Arb.  Brit.  1st  ed. 

p.  431.      Leaves  undivided,  oblong,  acuminate,  smooth,  and   shining. 

Nepal,  on  high  mountains,  where  it  forms  a  tree  40ft.  high.    Dr.  Waliidi 

thinks  it  may  prove  hardy  in  England.     H.  S.  (^G,  M,  1840,  p.  632.) 
'i  A.  colchicum  Hartwiss.    A  very  handsome  and  distinct  plant,  neariy  alfied 

to  A.  platanoides  Lob^lit;  but  with  the  lobes  of  the  leaves  more  pointed. 

the  bottom  lobes  lapping  over  the  footstalk,  their  texture  thinner,  aod 

their  colour  more  glaucous  than  those  of  A,  p.  Lobela.     Abchasiea; 

whence  it  was  imported  by  Booth  of  Hamburg  in  1838,  and  introduced 

into  England  in  1640.  (G.  M,  1^40,  p.  632.) 
t  A.  cSlchicum  var.  rubrum  Booth  MS.      From  the  beginning  of  the  season 

till  late  in  autumn  the  leaves  are  of  a  bright  pinkish  purple.     Hie  bart 

is  brownish,  while  that  of  the  species  is  of  a  pea-green,  like  the  bark  of 

iS^0gu;i(^ /raxinifl^lia. 
S  A.  campiibre.    Add  as  Varieties :  — "A.  c.  rubrit  Booth  :  samaras  red.     A 

c»  heterocdrpum :  samaras  variously  formed." 
¥  A.  gldbrum  Torr.  and  Gr.  Flor.  1.  p.  207.     A  shrub  found  in  the  Rocky 

Mountains,  with  leaves  nearly  similar  to  those  of  the  common  currant  in 

size  and  shape.     Not  yet  introduced. 
¥  A.  tripartUum  Nutt.  Torr.  and  Gr.  Flora,  1.  p.  247.      A  shrub  found  oa 

the  Rocky  Mountains,  nearly  allied  to  the  preceding  species,  and,  like  it, 

not  yet  introduced. 
*  A.  graruUdentdtum.  Nutt.    Torr.  and  Gr.  Flora,  1.  p.  247.  (?  A.  barinton 

I>ougl,y  not  of  Michx.)   A  shrub  or  low  tree  from  the  Rocky  Mountains, 

with  leaves  smaller  than  those  of  A.  sacch&rinum.      Not  yet  intro- 
duced. 


SUPPLEMENTARY    SPECIES    AND   VARIETIES.  1113 

^scuLA'cEiB.    Page  123. 

$  MscULUS  (H.)  rubicunda,  p.  126.,  was  thus  originated.  M.  Michaux 
received,  in  1812,  seeds  of  rMa  from  North  America,  which  were  sown 
by  M.  Gamuzet  in  the  Paris  Grarden ;  and  amongst  the  plants  which  came 
up  was  one  different  from  all  the  others,  which  is  the  JE,  rubicunda  of 
British  Gardens.  It  flowered  in  three  years,  that  is,  in  1815.  (Hort, 
Beige,  1836,  p.  97.) 

CAPPARiDAV^Ef.    Arb.  Brit,,  1st  ed.,  yoL  i.  p.  313. 

f  Iso'MEXis  arbhrea  Nutt.  Torr.  and  Gr.  Flora,  1.  p.  124. ;  Bot,  Mac.  n.  ser. 
t  3842.  A  low  tree  from  California,  with  a  long  taproot,  and  a  very 
spreading  head.  The  stem  is  about  the  thickness  of  a  man's  arm,  very 
knotty,  and  the  wood  hard  and  yellow.  Leaves  3-foliolate,  lanceolate, 
mucronulate,  glabrous.  Flowers  large,  yellow,  in  terminal  racemes.  H.  S. 
(G.  M.  1842,  p.  13.) 

KiTA^CEJE.    Page  135. 

-I  ytTis  pfjrmfoUa  Royle's  Illust.  p.  145.  A  very  curious  species  of  vine, 
from  elevated  situations  in  the  Himalayas,  with  exceedingly  small  leaves 
for  the  fiunily  to  which  it  belongs.  Tooting  Nursery.  {G,  M,  1842, 
p.  13.) 

X  V.  heterophifUa  Sieb.  ?  A  beautiful  and  very  desirable  climber,  from  Japan, 
with  vari^ted  leaves.  Probably  the  Fitis  heteroph^lla  of  Thunbei^,  a 
native  of  Java.  Mr.  Gordon  thinks  it  is  nearly  related  to  CMssus  antarc- 
tica,  but  with  the  leaves  much  more  jagged  and  variegated  with  white. 
It  produces  small  blue  fruit  in  clusters,  which  are  very  ornamental. 
Tooting  Nursery.    (G.  M,  1842,  p.  13.) 

ilQUiFOLiA^CBA.    Page  155. 

t  Vlex  AqtdfdHum.  Add  as  a  Variety  :-^"  I.  A.  pendulum.  A  verv  remark- 
able vanety,  with  shoots  as  decidedly  pendulous  as  those  of  Sophora 
jap6nica  p^ndula.  The  original  tree  is  in  a  private  garden  in  Derby,  from 
which  it  nas  been  propagated  by  Mr.  Barron  at  Elvaston  Castle. 

t  I.  Ferado,  p.  161.  I'lants  raised  from  seeds  of  this  species  in  the  Edin- 
burgh Botanic  Garden  resemble  so  much,  in  all  respects,  those  of  the 
common  holly,  as  to  leave  no  doubt  in  our  mind  as  to  their  being  one 
and  the  same  species.    (G.  M.  1842.) 

m  I.  latifoUa  Hort.  (?  /.  ^urifolia  Hort,)  A  splendid  hardy  evergreen 
shrub  from  Japan.  Leaves  large,  oval,  sometimes  9  in.  long.  Intro- 
duced from  the  Continent  in  1841,  and  quite  hardy.  (Gr.  M,  1842, 
p.  13.) 

iZHAMNA^CEJE.    Page  166. 

B  A  CEANd^THUS  velutinut,  p.  181.,  is  now  introduced.  C.  a.  2  tniermedius,  Mr. 
Gordon  considers  should  be  C.  a.  2  var.  pdiUdus, 

B  'Rha'mnus  Widilhu  Jacquin.  Resembles  R.  infectorius,  but  has  larger  leaves. 

It  was  raised  in  1839  in  the  H.  S.  Garden,  from  seeds  received  from 

Dr.  Fischer,  and  is  auite  hardy. 
A  R.  prunifolius  Booth  (not  of  Smith,  p.  178.).     A  low  shrub  from  North 

Amenca  which  has  not  yet  flowered. 

ANACARDiA^CEiE.    Page  184. 

i  DuvAlTk  longijolia  Hort  Raised  in  1839  in  the  Gapton  Nursery,  from 
seeds  received  from  Chili.  It  is  very  distinct,  with  long  bright  green 
leaves,  and  it  is  hardier  than  any  other  species  of  the  genus.  (G,  M. 
1840,  p.  632.) 


1114  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


Lbguhimo^£.    Page  194. 

t  SoPQO^RA  \fjap6nica]  qrandijldra  Hort.  Introduced  from  the  Coattneot 
in  184],  but  whether  hardy  or  not  is  uncertain.    (G,  M.  1842,  p.  13.) 

f  S.  japomca  pubetcent  Booth.  A  variety  with  the  leaves  rather  more  pu- 
bescent than  those  of  the  species. 

A  GENfsTA  thyriifldra  Booth.  A  shrub  growing  to  the  height  of  4 IL,  pro 
iific  in  large  bunches  of  yellow  flowers,  raised  from  seeds  received  froan 
the  South  of  Europe.  In  all  probability  already  described  under  soaae 
other  name. 

*  Indtgo'fera  nepaUnsis  Hort.  A  free-growing  shrub,  apparently  hardy. 
This  is  probably  a  garden  name  applied  to  one  of  the  numeroiis  spedes 
of  Indig6fera  from  the  North  of  India,  where  they  abound.  There  is 
frequently  one  species  raised  from  these  seeds  which  is  much  hardier 
than  the  others,  with  rather  large  bright  rosy  pink  flowers,  which  stood 
last  winter  without  any  protection  in  an  open  border;  and  Dr.  Royle  says 
that  there  are  many  which  grow  very  high  up  the  hills,  which  should  be 
quite  hardy  in  England.    (G.  M.  1842,  p.  17.) 

A  Caraoa^a  G^arcTiana  Royle  lUtat,  vol.  i.  p.  198.  t.  34.  fig.  I.  The 
Tartaric  Furze  of  travellers.  A  very  distinct  species,  having  all  the 
leaves  terminated  by  a  spine,  in  the  manner  of  ilstragalus  TYagacmntfas 
(p.  246.)*  It  ^rows  on  the  Himalavan  Mountains,  at  an  elevatioa  of 
16,000  f^.,  and  is  quite  hardy  in  British  gardens.  H.  S.  in  1839.  (6.  M. 
1840,  p.  633.) 

M  Astra'oalus  fniticbtus  Dec.  An  under-shrub  from  Siberia,  smooth,  sod 
scarcely  ligneous ;  fit  only  for  rockwork  or  to  be  kept  in  pots,  as  the 
moisture  of  autumn  and  winter  soon  destroys  it.  Raised  in  the  H.  S. 
Garden  in  1839,  from  seeds  received  from  Baron  Jacquin.  (Cr.  JH 
1840,  p.  633.) 

jk  A.  vimine%ti  Dec.  A  pretty  little  shrubby  species  from  Siberia,  rather 
diflicult  to  keep,  except  in  pots  or  on  rockwork.  Hammersmith  Norot 
in  1839.    (G.  M,  1640,  p.  633.) 

jRosA^CEA.    Page  261. 

•*  Amy*gdaluS  PaUeun  Ledehour,  {A.  pedunculata  PaUtu,)  A  rery  pretty 
decumbent  under-shrub,  quite  hardy.  H.  S.  in  1839,  or  before.  ((7. 
M.  1840,  p.  633.) 

tt  Pru^nus  Mi^me  Sieb,  The  dwarf  or  creeping  Plum  of  the  Japanese.  It 
bears  yellow  fruit,  which  the  Japanese  pickie  as  we  do  encumbers  or 
walnuts.  There  are  many  varieties.  Tooting  Nursery  in  184 L  (G. 
M.  1842,  p.  18.) 

ii  Cb'rasus  Laurochrutu  var.  cdlcfuca  and  O.  L.  var.  Emerelli  (?)  are 
varieties  of  the  common  laurel,  received  from  Belgium  in  1841.  Toot- 
ing Nursery.    (G,  M.  1842,  p.  14.) 

«k  SpiRjE'^a  fissa  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg.  Misc.  No.  170.  1840.  A  beautiful 
species  resembling  S.  orieefolia,  introduced  from  Mexico,  where  it  ms 
found  by  Hartweg,  growing  from  15  fl.  to  20  fl.  high.  It  is  expected  to 
be  quite  hardy.    H.  S.  in  1839.    (G.  M.  1840,  p.  633.) 

fl  S.  lanceoldta  Poir.  Diet.  7.  353.,  Cambess.  in  Ann.  Soc.  Nat.  1.  366.  t.  25. 
{S,  Reevesiana  Hort.)    Resembles  5.  b^iia,  but  diflers  from  it  in  havii^ 
lanceolate,  lobed,  and  serrated  leaves,  nearly  eversreen.      Introdaced 
from  Japan  by  John  Reeves,  Esq.    Knight*s  Exotic  Nursery,  1839.  {G 
M.  1840,  p.  633.) 

fl  S.  rotundifo&a  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg.  Miscel.  No.  159.   1840.      Resembles  5 


8UPPL£M£NTARY    SPECIES    AND   VARIETIES.  1115 

cuneifolia  (p.  305.),  but  differs  from  it  in  the  leaves  being  quite  round 
and  large.  Raised  in  1839,  in  the  H.  S.  Garden,  from  seeds  received 
from  Cashmere.    (G.  M.  1840,  p.  633.) 

Several  species  of  ligneous  iS'pirae^  are  described  by  Torrey  and  Gray 
which  are  not  yet  introduced. 

t  NuTTA'LLiA  cerasifjrmit  Ton,  and  Gray;  A  tree  with  the  habit  of  Ame~ 
Idnchier  canadensis  found  in  the  margins  of  pine  woods  in  the  back  part 
of  N.  California,  but  not  yet  introduced. 

ft  IXu^BUS  lanocdrp7u  Royle  Tllust.  (p.  203.)     A  free-growing  hardy  species 

from  the  Himalayas,  which  bears  a  grateful  fruit.    Considered  by  Mr. 

Gordon  as  a  synonyme  to  R,  micranthus,  p.  312.    Tooting  Nursery. 

(G.  M.  1842,  D.  14.) 
A  R.  trilobus  Dec.  Prod.  2.  p.  566.    An  erect  shrub  from  Mexico,  with  large 

white  flowers  and  purple  fruit.     Raised  in  1841  from  seeds  sent  home 

by  Hartweg.  H.  S.    (G.  M.  1841,  p.  609.) 

'i.  Qratm^'qus  OxydcanUia  oxyphyUa  b  the  name  given  to  a  pendulous  variety 

of  the  common  hawthorn  found  in  a  bed  of  seedlings  at  Somerford  Hall, 

and  mentioned  in  p.  376. 
1  C.  O.  fritjctu  coccineo  Hort.     A  variety  with  large  scarlet  fruit,  of  which 

there  are  plants  in  Backhouse's  Nursery,  York. 
•  C.  Vyracdntha  Jr^iu  dlbo  Hort.     A  variety  with  white   fruit.    Tooting 

Nursery. 

The  following  species  are  described  in  Torrey  and  Gray's  Flora,  but 
none  of  them  are  >et  introduced  : — 

t  C.  rivuldrit  Torr.  et  Gray.  Arborescent,  and  nearly  glabrous,  with  leaves 
about  as  entire  as  those  of  the  apple. 

&  C.  coccmea  var.  viridis,  C.  c.  var.  fHipuliJolia,  C.  c.  var.  oUgdndra  (few- 
anthered),  and  C.  c.  var.  moiUs, 

S  C.  arborhceru  Torr.  et  Gray.  Unarmed,  with  lanceolate  leaves  resem- 
bling those  of  C,  joyrifolia.     A  tree  20  ft.  to  30  ft.  high  in  Georgia 

t  C.  eettivdiis  Torr.  et  Gray.  (C.  opaca  Hook.)  A  tree  20  or  30  feet  high  in 
South  Carolina  and  Georgia. 

S  C.  berberi/o/ia  Torr.  et  Gray.     A  tree  found  in  Louisiana,  which  grows 
from  20  a.  to  25  ft.  high. 
Besides  these,  there  are  several  doubtful  species. 

I  COTONEA^STER  bacUIdm  Wall.  ined.  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg.  No.  1229.  Deciduous. 
Leaves  obovate,  drawn  down  into  the  petiole,  glabrous.  Cymes  many- 
flowered.    H.  S.  in  1841.    (G.  M,  1841,  p.  608.) 

4  C.  nummuldria,  p. 409.    Omit  " Eriobotrya  ellfptica  Lindl,*^  as  a  Synonyme. 

!t  Amela'nchier  canadennt  Torr.  et  Gray.  All  the  American  kinds  in  British 
gardens  are  considered  by  Drs.  Torrey  and  Grav  as  varieties  of  one 
species,  in  which  opinion  we  concur,  as  indicated  in  the  body  of  the 
work,  both  in  this  and  in  the  large  addition. 

t  A.  {v.)  ovalis  2  gubcorddta,  p.  416.  Add  as  a  Synonyme :  **  Petromeles  ovalis 
subcordata  Jacqian:*    (G.  M,  1840,  p.  634.) 

!f  Vt^RUS  heterophjUa  Booth.  Leaves  3 — 5-lobed,  about  the  size  and  shape 
of  those  of  the  common  hawthorn,  but  finely  serrated  in  the  edges,  and 
glabrous.    A  native  of  Dalmatia,   H»  S.    {G,  M,  1840,  p.  634.) 

PniLADELPHA'CEiE.    Page  460. 

A  VHILADEfhPEUS  mexicdtiut  Benth.  PI.  Hartw.  p.  61.  No.  458.,  Bot. 
Reg.  Chron.  No.  118.  1841.  Resembles  P.  14xus;  but  the  leaves  are 
nearly  entire,  and  rather  smaller.  It  is  hardy,  and  forms  a  graceful  little 
bush. 


1116  ARBORETUM    £T   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

Grossula'cbje.    Page  468. 
A  Ri  BEs  ta&ricum  Jacquin  is  apparently  a  ?ariety  of  R.  petre'um,  p.  478. 

IL  llEDERA  Belix.  Add  :  '*  H.  H.  var.  tauHca  Booth.  A  distinct  vmtty,  with 
very  small  dark  green  leaves.  (G.  M,  1842.)" 

CoRNA'cEJE.     Page  501. 

a  Co'rnus  grdndit  Benth.  PI.  Hartw.  p.  38.  No.  298.  Resembles  C. 
sericea;  but  it  forms  a  small  tree  in  Mexico,  with  leaves  3 — 5  in.  loo^ 
smooth,  and  deep  green  above  and  hoary  beneath.  The  flowers  are  in 
small  heads,  and  the  fruit  about  the  size  of  the  sloe,  and  purplish  bbck. 
H.  S.    (G.  M.  1840,  p.  634.) 

A  A  C.  macrophijUa  Wall  A  beautiful  sub-evergreen  shrub  or  small  tree  6x»i 
the  Himalayas,  found  growing  on  similar  heights  with  Bentfaamii 
fragffera.  Leaves  6  in.  long,  and  2}  in.  broad.  H.  8.  (G.  Jd,  1840^ 
p.  634.) 

^AMBu'cEf.     Page  513. 

A  ViBlfBNUM  Awafuki  SSeb,?  (?  V.  jap6nicum  Horl.)  Leaves  oppositf; 
shining,  ovate,  somewhat  waved  on  the  margin.  A  beautiful  cycigrccn, 
which,  it  is  expected,  will  prove  quite  hardy.  Easily  prop^ated  by 
cuttings  at  any  season.     Tooting  Nursery.   (G.  M,  1842,  p.  14.} 

m  V.  anente  Zeyh.  Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  subdentate,  opposite  ;  mafgins 
subreflexed.  A  hardy  evergreen,  easily  propagated  by  cuttings  at  any 
season.    (Ibid.) 

m  V.  MuUUia  Ham,  Royle  Illust.  p.  236.  (V.  stellulkum  Wall,)  Learcs 
rotund,  subrugose,  blunty  dentate,  woolly  beneath.  A  shrub  firom 
elevated  situations  in  the  Himalayas,  where  the  fruit  is  eaten.  Nearij 
allied  to  V,  cotinifolia  JD.  Don,  A  very  desirable  species,  and  very  likely 
to  prove  quite  hardy.   (Ibid,) 

M  V.  pvgnuB'a  Royle.  Leaves  opposite,  trilobate,  subserrate.  A  very 
curious  dwarf  deciduous  shrub,  from  1  ft.  to  1  ft.  6  in.  in  hdgfat ;  native 
of  the  Himalayas.  A  most  desirable  plant  to  represent  Uie  secdoa 
CKpulus  in  a  miniature  arboretum.  Raised  in  the  Tooting  Nursei^,  from 
seeds  received  from  Dr.  Royle.    Quite  hardy.   {Ibid.) 

Lonice'r£JB.    Page  525. 

J  LONfcERK  cilibta  Poir.  Mr.  Gordon  suspects  this  to  be  only  a  variety  of 
L.  (p.)  Douglasn.  p.  530.,  with  leaves  ciliose,  and  the  flowers  not  qmte 
so  bright. 

EjiiCACKJR.    Page  555. 

a.  Ands(/meda  Totmarinifolia,  p.  561.,  is  only  a  large4eaved  variety  of  A./10B- 
folia,  but  rather  distinct. 

t.  Abctostj'phtlos  piaigent  H.  et  B.  Nov.  Gen.  vol.  iii.  p.  278.  t.  25flL 
A  singular  species,  with  small  greyish  entire  lanceolate  leaves  ;  prostrate 
and  quite  hardy.     Mexico.     H.  S.  (G.  M.  1840,  p.  634.) 

*  A.  niUda  Benth.  PlantsB  Hartweg.  No.  483.  An  erect  evergreen  shrub* 
with  oblong  lanceolate  acute  leaves,  smooth  on  both  sides  and  sfainiag 
above.     Mexico,  on  the  Carmen  Mountains. 

a.  Perhe'ttyk  angusHfoSa  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg.  t.  63.  1840.  (P.  phillyreae(ola 
Hort.)  Leaves  longer  and  narrower  than  those  of  the  other  introdoceJ 
species.     A  very  pretty  evergreen  from  Chili.    {G.  M.  1840,  p.  634>) 

OLEA*CBiB.     Page  628. 

a  hiGV'sTBUM  nepaUfue,  p.  631.  Add  as  a  Synonyme :  "  L.  vcstitum 
WaU.  Cat.  No.  6304." 


SUPPLEMENTARY    SPECIES    AND    VARIETIES.  1117 

A  Syri'nga  Emddi,  p.  638.    Add  as  a  Synonyme :  "  S,  fndica  Wall** 
A  m  JASMfNUMrevolutum,  p.  655.      For  the  Svnonvine  **J.  chr}rsanthemuin,*' 
read  "  J,  chrysinthuin ;"  and  add  "  WalL    to  the  Identification. 

Polygon  A  CEX.    Page  677. 

A  FoLY^aoNUM  volc&mcum  Benth.  PL  Hartw.  No.  562.  Sufruticose,  with 
thick  fleshy  leaves,  and  flowers  often  solitary.  Mexico,  on  the  Carmen 
Mountains.    H.  S.    {G.  M.  1841,  p.  609.) 

AscvepiadjCcem.    Page  658. 

±  TAoRRi'yiJL  odorata  Lindl.  This  curious  plant  has  proved  as  hardy  as  the 
Physidnthus  ilbens,  which  it  greatly  resembles ;  but  differs  in  having 
much  larger  cordate  leaves,  and  smaller  flowers,  as  well  as  in  the  bota*- 
nical  structure.  The  flowers  are  white,  sweet-scented,  and  solitary. 
{G.  M.  1840,  p.  635.) 

iSoLANA^CEA.    Page  663. 

M  Fabia^Na  imbrtchta  R.  et  P.  Lindl.  Bot.  Res.  1839,  t.  59.  A  small  bright 
green  shrub,  with  the  habit  of  a  tamarisk,  or  rather  of  a  thiga;  and 
when  in  flower  loaded  with  snow-white  blossoms,  resembling  those  of  a 
peach. .  Chili,  in  1838.  It  has  proved  hardy  in  several  collections  last 
winter,  and  will  make  a  great  addition  to  the  hardy  heath  border. 

TiuTMELA^CBiE.    Page  686. 

«  DAiPHNS  Auckldndu  Lindl,  Allied  to  D,  alpina.  A  fine  evergreen  species 
from  the  Himalayas,  where  it  is  found  at  an  elevation  of  1 2,000  ft.,  near 
the  limits  of  perpetual  snow.     H.  S.   (G.  M.  1840,  p.  635.) 

^L2BA6NA*CEJE.     Page  696. 

A  EUBA'GNUs  parmfoSa  Royle  Illust.  p.  323.  t.  81.  fig.  1.  A  very  distinct 
species,  with  small  round  leaves,  from  the  Himalayas,  and  quite  hardy. 

Uima'ceje.    Page  714. 

¥  Sp&nia  canescetu  H.  et  B.  (C^ltis  canteens  H.  et  B,)  Raised  in  1840, 
in  the  H.  S.  Garden,  from  Mexican  seeds,  and  bearing  a  close  resem- 
blance to  C.  austr^lis    (G.  M.  1840,  p.  635.) 

;Sialica'ce£.     Page  744. 

1^  Vo'puLUa  canadensis^  p.  824.  A  much  more  spreading  and  picturesque 
species  than  P.  monilifera.    (See  G.  M,  1842,  p.  35.) 

j&ETULA^CEJE.    Page  831. 

*i  A,'lsU8  denUculdta  Fischer.  A  tree  of  vigorous  and  rapid  growth,  and  large 
dentate  leaves  ;  a  native  of  Russia.    (&.  M,  1842.) 

t  B^TULA  mSUis  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg.  Mis.  No.  169.  1840.  Raised  in  the 
H.  S.  Garden  fi^m  Himalayan  seeds,  and  remarkable  for  the  softness  of 
its  leaves,  which  are  roundly  heart-shaped.  Allied  to  B.  &lba  pub^cens. 
p.  838. 

CoRTLA^CEJE.    Page  845. 

t  Quifxcus  Vlex  Balldta,  p.  882.  ^  Plants  raised  in  the  H.  S.  Garden,  from 
acorns  procured  from  the  original  tree  at  Paris,  prove  it  to  be  iden- 
tical witn  Q,  gtam6ntia. 

f  Q.  landta,  p.  888.    Add  to  the  Synonymes :  '*  Q.  nepal^nsis." 

To  the  Mexican  oaks,  p.  898.,  add  the  following :  — 

S  Q.  Slcinneri  Benth.    A  very  remarkable  species,  having  the  fruit  of  most 

unusual  size,  with  the  external  appearance  of  an  acorn,  and  with  the 

internal  structure  of  a  walnut.     A  noble  tree,  from  50  ft.  to  70  ft.  high, 

on  mountains.   (Gard,  Chron.,  vol.  i.  p.  116.)      The  foliage  and  male 


1118  ARBORETUM    £T    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

flowers  said  to  be  precisely  as  described  and  figured  in  Q.  acotzfoUa 
Nea^  p.  904.  fig.  1690. ;  and,  conseqiiently,  the  name  Skinoeii  umy  be 
considered  as  a  synonjrme  to  Q«  acutifblia. 

%  Q.  pvrenaicat  p.  853.  Add,  either  as  an  allied  Species  or  as  a  Variety :  — 
**  ^pannomca  Booth.  Hungary.  Introduced  to  the  H.  S.  Garden  firom 
the  Hamburg  Nursery." 

S  Q.  ru^ra,  p.868.  Add  as  a  Variety :  —  '<  Q.  r.  toreum^/Sfia  Booth.  A  sin- 
gular variety,  with  long  narrow  irregularly  lobed  leaves.     H.  S." 

t  Famous  sylvdtica.  Add  as  as  a  Variety :  —  "  F.  «.  9  cochlrdta  Booth.  Said 
to  be  a  curious  plant  with  spoon-shaped  leaves.  (G,  3f.  1842.)" 

PlatahjCcem,    Page  927. 

¥  Vla'tanus  [occidetUalit]  htterophuUa  Lindl.  This  American  plane  has  hidioto 
been  confounded  in  some  collections  with  the  Oriental  species,  Platanns 
acerifolia.  It;  has  the  same  kind  of  fruit  as  P.  occidentalis,  while  P. 
acerifoiia  has  fruit  like  that  of  P.  orientalis.  P.  [o.]  heterophylb  is 
frequently  imported  from  the  southern  states  of  America  under  the 
name  of  P.  occidentalis,  from  which  it  is  very  distinct  in  foliage  aod 
stature ;  and  it  is  also  much  tenderer.  The  young  shoots  fiieqoently 
suffer  during  winter,  and  particularly  if  the  plant  is  in  a  damp  situatioo. 

CoNi'FERiE.    Page  946. 

t  Visus  (Laricio)  auitridca  Hoss,  p.  958.,  is  treated  as  a  sub-apedes,  for 
the  sake  of  keeping  it  distinct,  though  we  had  given  above  Delamarre*i 
arrangement,  who  considers  it  a  variety  of  P.  I^icio,  which  is  also  oer 
opinion. 

t  P.  Chilghoza,  which  is  given  p.  998.,  with  a  ?,  as  a  synonyme  to  P. 
Gerardtana,  Mr.  Gordon  says  is  different  from  P.  GerardiojM^'but  nearly 
.     related  to  P.  longifolia,  p.  996. 

t  P.  sinensis,  p.  999.     Add  as  i$ynonymes  :  "  P.  nepal&isia  Pni.  Wob^  aod 
"  P.  CavendishiaMfl  Hort." 
Add  after  Vinut  oocdrpa,  p.  1012.:  — 

t  P.  oocarpotdes  Lindl.  A  pine  from  Guatemala,  with  very  long  alender 
leaves,  five  in  a  sheath,  and  cones  about  half  the  size  of  those  of  P- 
oocdrpa,  of  which  it  is  probably  a  variety. 

t  P.  Ayacahuite,  p.  1023.  Mr.  Gordon  says  there  are  two  distinct  pines 
under  this  name  :  the  one£hrenberg*s,  described  in  the  text ;  and  anothff, 
sent  home  by  Hartweg,  the  cones  of  which  are  about  half  the  siie  9k 
£hrenberg*s  plant,  and  the  buds  much  smaller.    Probably  a  variety. 

t  Kbies  Dougltan,  p.  1033.  Mr.  Gordon  says  he  has  cones  under  tkii 
name  of  three  distinct  varieties  or  species  ;  Hartweg's  are  the  laige«t, 
and  Ehrenberg's  the  smallest.  Probably,  Hartweg's  may  be  that  doufai- 
ful  species  A,  hirt^lla  H.  ei  K, :  see  p.  1036.  and  p.  1050. 

t  THlfJA  pendula,  p.  1071.  Omit  the  Synonyme  **  ?  ./unipenis  flageOilonnii 
Hori." 

f  CuPR^Ssustorulosa,  p.  1076.  Add  ''Wallich**  to  the  Identification;  and 
insert  as  Synonymes,  **  C.  nepal^nsis  Hort,,**  and  "  «/unipenis  nepaleosis 
Hortr 

t  C.  Coultern,  p.  1077.  Omit  this  as  a  species,  and  add  it  as  a  Synooyme  to 
C.  thurifrra,  in  the  same  page. 

t  Taxo^DIUM  distichum,p,  1078.     Add  to  the  Varieties  :  — 

t  T,  d,  6  nucifirum,  (Taxus  nucffera  Hort.)     A  very  distinct  variety,  or 

possibly  species,  which  has   been  found    quite  hardy   in  the  H.  & 

Garden. 

*  iuufPERUS  gossamthdnea  Hort.,  and  J,  BedfordmM  Hort^  are  names 
applied  to  the  same  species,  which  resembles  a  red  cedar,  but  is  rather 
more  slender  in  habiL 


1119 


LIST  OF  AUTHORITIES 

FOR  GENERIC  AND  SPECinC  NAMES,  Sec 


AbML  ' 

Ack.  ' 

AtUms.  ~ 

Afz£l.  - 

M,   '  - 

An, 

AU.  Fed. 

AipiH.  - 


I. 


Anden.  7 
Anderson,  y 
Jndr.  7 
jtndrews.  y 

Am.  1 
AmoU.  i 
Audit.  '  I 
Audibert.y 


Bab. 

Both.      7- 
Balbis.  J 
Banks.   . 
BatusUr. 

Bartr.      \ 
Bartrans.  j 
Bat.   >  - 
Bast.y 
Bitttck,  - 
SoMdT.  • 

Bauh.    7. 
Bauhiii.S 


Benth.       7 
Bentkam.y 

Serghu.' 

Bfrlandier. 
Bert.       \ 
BertoL    J 
Besl. 

Brts.      7  - 
Besser  y 
Bieb. 

mgel.         7 
B'gelow.   > 


Biaekto. 

Biume.  - 
Boerk.    - 


A. 

Abbott.    A  botanical  amateur. 
JcAarnn.    A  Swedish  profeMor, 

and  writer  upon  Lichens. 
Adanson,    A   Franch   syfttemadc 

botaniit. 
AfaeitMS.    A  Swedish  professor. 
AiUm.     Director  of   the    Royal 

Garden  at  Kew. 
AmmL    An  Italian  botanist. 
SeOiiiMoN/. 
Prosntr  AtpinL    An  Italian  phjT' 

slcian^ana  author  of  "  DePlantis 

£g7pd  et  de  Balsamo,"  &c. 
Anderson.    A  London  Merchant ; 

pubUshed  a  paper  on  Paeonies. 
Henrff  Andrews.       A   botanical 

draughtsman,  and  editor  of  the 

•«  Botanical  Bepository/*  &c. 

W.  Amott.    A  Scotch  botanist. 

Avdibert.    A  numernnan  at  Ta- 
rascon,  in  the  soutn  of  France. 

B. 


An  English  botanist 
French   professor  of 


Babington. 

Balbis.     A 
botany. 

Sir  Joseph  Banks. 

Banister.  A  botanical  author,  and 
traveller. 

Bartram.  Formerly  a  nursery- 
man at  Philadelphia. 

Bastard  or  Baiard.  A  writer  upon 
the  Flora  of  France. 

Batsck.  A  writer  upon  Fungi. 

BaudriUart.  A  French  author 
on  Forestry. 

BttuMin.  Brothers,  professors  of 
medicine,  published  in  1620— 
16&0. 

Bauman.  Brothers,  nurserymen 
at  BoUwyller,  in  France. 

Bentkam.  An  English  botanist, 
secretary  to  the  Horticultural 
Society  of  London. 

Bergius.  A  Swedish  writer  upon 
Cape  plants. 

Berlandier.    A  German  botanist. 

Bertotoni.  A  writer  upon  the 
Flora  of  France. 

Besler.    A  German  botanist. 

Besurt  A  Russian  professor,  re- 
sident in  the  Crimea. 

Bieberstem.  A  Russian  botanist 
of  great  note. 

Jacob  BigebiWt  M.D.  Professor 
of  botany  at  Boston,  U.  S.,  and 
author  of  **  American  Medical 
Botany,**  and  **  Florula  Bosconl- 
ensis.'^ 

Mrs.  BtacktoeU.  An  English  bo- 
tanical artist. 

Bhtme,  M.D,  A  Dutch  botanist. 

Boerhaane,  An  old  Dutch  bota- 
nist. 

Boiuier.    A  Generese  botanist 

Bongard.  A  French  botanist. 


Bonpl.  - 
Booth,  m 
Booth.    - 

Bork.  - 
Borrer,  • 

Base. 

Bree.  - 

Breyn.  - 

Brong.  m 

BroL  - 
Broussonet. 

Broum. 

Bruttfelsch, 

Bmch.     . 

Bunge.  - 

Bumet, 

Bnrgtdorf. 
Butch.   - 


Bonpland.  A  French  traveller  is 
South  America,  and  botanist. 

Booth.  Brothers,  nurserymen  at 
Hamburg. 

W.  BeaUie  Booth.  Descrlber  of 
the  Camellias  figured  in  Chand- 
ler's '•  Illustratiuns  of  the  Ca.> 
melUeae." 

Borkhausen.  A  German  botani- 
cal author. 

HiUiam  Borrer.  A  writer  on 
British  Plants,  and  one  of  the 
authors  of'*  Lichenographia  Bri. 
tannica.*' 

Bqsc.  A  French  botanist,  and  tra- 
veller in  North  America. 

The  Rev.  W.  T.  Bree,  An  ama- 
teur naturalist 

Breyn.  Author  of  "  Exoticarum 
Finntarum  Centuria,"  &c. 

A.  Brongniart.  A  French  bota- 
nist. 

Brotero.   A  Portuguese  botanist. 

Broussonet.  A  French  botanist 
and  traveller. 

Dr.  Broum,  A  celebrated  English 
botanist 

Brut^isehiut.  A  German  bota- 
nist. 

Von  Bueh.  A  German  botanist, 
author  of  a  Flora  of  the  Cana. 
riek. 

Bunge.  One  of  the  authors  of 
"  Flora  Altaica." 

PrqfeisorBuma.  An  English  bo- 
tanist. 

Burgsdorf.   A  German  botanist. 

Buseh.  A  German  gardener,  once 
a  nurseryman  at  Brentford,  Mid- 
dlesex \  and  afterwards  gardener 
to  the  Empress  Catherine,  at 
Zarsko-je-selo. 


Comb.    - 

Ca»ner,  • 

Cass. 
Catesb.  1 
Catesby.y 
Catrot.  - 

Cav. 

C.  Bauh. 

Celt.       -       . 

Cels.       -       - 

C.  G.   Keef} 

VonEsen-y 

beck.         3 

Cham     - 


One  of  the  author* 
Brtuillse   meridio- 


C. 

Cambessedes. 

of   "Flora 

nails.'* 
Camrrarius.   A  German  botanist^ 

author  of  **Hcrtus  Medicus  et 

Philosophicus."  &c. 
H.  Cassini.    A  French  botanist. 
If.  Catesbff.    A  botanist,  and  tra- 

vf'ller  in  North  America. 
Catros.     A  nurseryman  at  Bor. 

deaux. 
CavaniUes.    A  Spanish  professor 

and  botanist. 
Caspar  Bauhin.   A  celebrated  bo- 
tanist of  the  16th  century. 
Celsius,  D.D.,  Greek  professor  at 

Upsal,  and  friend  of^Linnseus. 
Ceis.    A  nurseryman  in  Paris. 

C.  G.  Nees  Van  Esenbeck,  A  Ger- 
man botanist. 

Chamisso.     A  German  traveSer 
round  the  world. 


1120 


LIST   OF   AUTHORITIES 


ChmuUer.      .    Chandler.     A  Londob  nunery- 

man. 
Ckoit.     '       -    CMoi*^.    A  Swiu  botanist. 
Cba.      .       -    Ckuiut.    Ad  old  French  botanlit 

and  trareUer. 
Colebr,   -       -    ColebroQke.   A  celebrated  English 

writer  upon  Indian  Plants. 
CoUa.  -    CoUadom,    A  Oenerese  botanift. 

Cam.      -       •    Commelim.    A  Dutch  botanist. 
Cook.  -    Capl.S.£.  Coo*.  A  naturalist  and 

traTeller. 
Correa.  -       -    Coma  de  Serra.    A  Portuguese 

botanist  and  diplomatist. 
Craniz.  -       -    Cramt».    An  Austrian  botanist. 
CmrL      •       -    Cmrtis.    An  English  writer  upon 

Plants. 


Daleck. 


jyarUagton. 
D.Dom." 


Deb. 

De  Braiy.  _ 

Dec.  \ 

DeCamdoUcS 


] 


Dateckatinu.  Author  of  **  Hlstoria 
generalU  Plantarum.'*  1586, 
Ia87. 

Damisk. 

DarUttgtom.  A  writer  In  *'  Amer. 
Lye.  N.  H."  of  New  York. 

David  Don.  Professor  of  Botany 
In  King's  College,  London,  and 
Ubrarlui  to  the  Llnnean  So- 
dety. 

De  Bray.  A  botanist  of  Frank- 
fort. 

J.  P.  DeCandoUe.  The  cele- 
brated French  systematic  bo- 
tanist. 

Del.  See  DelUe. 

DelanuNTte.  -    Delamarre.    A  French  writer  on 

Plants. 
Delarb.  -       •    Ant.  Detarbre.     A  French  bota- 
nist, author  of  **  Flore  d*Au- 
Tergne." 
Ddile.    -       -    DeUle.    A  Frrach  professor,  and 

traveller  in  Egypt. 
Descemet.      •    Descemet.     Director  of  the  Bo- 
tanic Garden  at  Nikitka,  in  the 
Crimea. 

De^ontainei.  A  French  botani- 
cal  author,  and  traveller  in  Bar. 
bary. 

Detvaux.  A  French  professor  of 
botauy. 

DillemiMi.  An  BngUsh  botanical 
author. 

DioioorMe$.  An  ancient  classic 
author  and  botanist. 

Dodomena^or  Dodoem.  A  botanist 
of  the  IGth  century. 

Dombev.  A  French  traveller  in 
Souu  America. 

Don  (^  Forfar.  A  Scotch  boU- 
nlst. 

Donn,  Formerly  curator  of  the 
Cambridge  Botanic  Garden. 

Davfd  DougUu.  The  celebrated 
botanical  collector  and  martyr. 

Duby.    A  French  botanist. 

Du  HameL  A  celebrated  French 
author. 

Dmmoni  de  Courset.  Author  of 
**  Le  Botanlste  CultWateur." 

Dunal.    A  French  boUnlst 

Dnpont.  A  French  boUnist,  au- 
thor of  **  Double  Flore  ParisU 
enne.**    1806. 

Dm  Roi.  A  German  writer  upon 
PlanU. 


E. 


Ekr       -       -    Sm  Ekrenberft. 

Ekrtnberg.    •   Skrenberg.    A  German  trareller 

in  Arabw,  ftc. 
Ekrk.     -       -    Skrkari.    A  Gennan  botanist. 
Eli/ot.    .      *    Mlliot.    An  American  botanist. 


Detf.      -       - 

Den. 

Dm.      -      • 

Dios.      - 

DodL    1 

Dodbm,S 
Domb.   - 

Don  qf  Forfar. 

Donn.    » 

DongL     I     - 
Douglas,  y 
D%dfu.    •       * 
Dm  Ham. 

Dumoni. 

Dans.  7 
DunoLy 
Dw^tont. 

Du  lM.m 


ElUi.      . 

Fng.      . 
Escktek. 


F^eh.  1 
Fucker.  J 
Fiagge.  - 

Forbes.  - 


Forskoei. 
Forsk.    . 

Forst.    - 


Fomre.   •> 

F»es.     . 
F^ck.     . 


Gtert.     - 

Garden. 

Gaudickaud. 
G.Don.^ 

Ger, 

Ger.  \ 
Gfrard.i 
Gesn.     . 

GOl.       - 

GOl.  et  Hook. 
Chnei.    . 

God^fivy. 

Goldie.   ' 

Gordon,  ~ 


Oouan.  . 
Grak.      I 
Grakam.S 
GtUdenst. 

Guss.     m 


HaU.      ' 
HaU.ja. 
Ham.     1 
HamOLy 
Hart.     - 

Harhoeg, 

Hartwiss. 
Hayne.  - 
Hawortk. 
H.B.     - 

H.  S.  et  Klk. 

Herm* 
Hqffmamms. 


Eats.     A 

botanist. 
Englisk. 
Dr.  EsckseMoltn. 

tanlst. 


A  Genaan 


V 


.   Dr. 


A   Bniaian 


nist. 


PlSgge.    i 
Gnsaes 


A  Gemn  writer 


at  Wo- 


Forbes.    Gardener  to  His 

the  Duke  of  Bedfiord, 

bum. 
Forskoei.    A  Swedish 
ForskakL     A  Danish 

and  traTeller  in  Aral^. 
Forsiers  {FaAer  and  &»>.    Tra- 

Tellers  In  the  South  Seas  with 

CapUin  Cook. 
A.  F.  Fomraroy.     A  Fk«ncb  bf>> 

tanlst. 
Frendt. 
Fries.    A  Swedish  botanist, 

writer  iqMm  ASngi. 
Fueks.  A  celebrated 

tanlst. 


O. 

Qmriner.    A 

carpologlst. 
Garden.  A  Scotch  phyiieiaB 

dent  at  Charleaton. 
Gaudiekamd,    A  French 
Geo.  Don.    A  botanist,  and  editor 

of «« Don's  MiUer." 
Germms. 

Gh'ord.    A  Freodi  botanist. 

Conrad  Gesner  of  Zurich,  a  Cs- 
mous  botanist. 

Dr.  GOUes.    A  botanist  aeod 
Teller. 

See  GUL^  and  also  Hook. 

Gmelin.    A  Russian  »»'»— «n, ; 
trareller  in  Siberia. 

Godefhiy.    A  m 
d*  Array,  near  P« 

Goldie.  A  nurseryman  at  Ayr.  la 
Scotland. 

George  Gordon.  SeywrintcttdaHt 
of  the  Arttoretom  m  the  liorti> 
cultural  Society's  Garden. 

Gouan.    A  French  botanist. 

Grakam,  M.D.    Rcgioa 
of  Botany  at  Bdlnboi  ' 

GBldenstaedt.  A  Russian  bo- 
tanist. 

Joannes  Gustone,  M.D.  Director 
of  the  Royal  Botanic  Ganks 
at  Palermo,  and  a  V**«"*» 
author. 


H. 

HaOer.    A  Swiss  botanist. 

Haller  ike  younger. 

Hamilton.  A  botanist,  and  trivet 

ler  in  the  Bast  Indiee. 
Hartwt^.     Author  of  «*  Hostos 

Carlsmheosis.** 
Hartweg.    Son  of  the  above.    A 

botanical  traTeller  and  coOccMr. 
Hartwiss,    A  German  botanist. 
Hayne.    A  German  botanist. 
HavorA.  An  English  botanist. 
Humboldt  and  JSonplmtd.  ~ 

travellers  and  botanists. 
Humboldt,  Bonpl&nd,  msd  K* 

German  botanists. 
Herman.    A  Dutch  botaiilsL 
Hqfinannsegg.      A    botanist    of 

Dreeden. 


atViDe 


FOR   GENERIC   AND   SPECIFIC   NAMES,    ETC* 


1121 


Hook.     .       - 

Ifooftii  et  Am, 

Jloppe*  I 
Nopp.  S 

HOfMt      * 
SOTtt 

Hart.  Dur.    • 

HorL  Par.     - 
Hat,      ' 

Hcu.     - 

XL    Sm  a  a 

Hud».    . 


Humb.  et 
Bonp. 

Humb.et 
£anpl. 


'\ 


lUig.    1 

JUiger.S 
Itai. 


Jacq.etBoc-l 
ante.         y 


Jama 
don. 


Got- 


J,  Bauh. 


K^mpf. 
Ker. 

Kemer. 


KU,  \ 

Kitaih.    J 
KmowL    et  \ 
WetcotL  i 

Koch,     . 

KoekL    - 


>  Kra^se. 
Krauks< 

KuHth. 


:] 


L. 

Lab.  7 
Labai..i 
Lag-     - 


JL,a$marek.  I 
J*ammeTt*y 


Sir  W.  J.  Hooker.  Rcgiiu  pro. 
fetior  of  BoUay  in  tbe  UnlTer. 
litY  of  Glasgow. 

Sir  tV.  J.  Hooker  and  W.  Amatt, 
authon  of  "  Tbe  Botany  of 
Capt.  Beecbey*s  Voyage  to  the 
Pacific,**  Ac. 

Hopve.  A  German  botaniit,  and 
collector  of  plants. 

Homemann.  A  Danish  botanist 
and  profasior. 

Hortnlanomm.  Of  the  Garden- 
ers. 

Hortui  Dnrovemif  by  W.  Mas- 
ters. 

Of  the  Parte  Garden. 

Host.  An  Austrian  botanist,  and 
botanical  author. 

Hike.  An  Austrian  writer  on 
Forestry.  • 

The  London  HorHcuUurnt  Society. 

Hmdeon,  An  English  writer  upon 
British  plants. 


Hnmboldt 
H.B, 


I. 


and  Sonpland.  -»  See 


C.  lUiger.    A  writer  on  natural 

history. 
Itaiian. 


J. 


Jacquin.  An  Atutrian  traveller 
in  South  America,  and  botanist. 

Jacquin.  A  celebrated  Austrian 
botanist.  —  Awcdhc  AbotadUt 
of  Italy. 

Jantee  (Sordan.  A  celebrated  nur- 
seryman at  Mile  End,  near 
London,  who  corresponded  with 
Linnaeus. 

Jo.  BatthiHj  brother  of  Caspar 
fiauhin,  and  author  of  "  His- 
toria  Plantarum  unirersaUs.*' 
1650, 1651. 

Jtusieu.  A  celebrated  French 
systematic  botanist. 


K. 

Keempfer.    A  tra%'eller  in  Japan. 

Kcr.  A  describer  of  plants  in 
••  Bot.  Reg." 

J.  S.  Kemer.  Author  of  **  Figures 
(et  Descriptions)  des  Plantes 
economiques."  1786^1794. 

Kitaibel.    A  Hungarian  botanist 

Knotplee  (G.   B.)   and  WestcoU 

(F.).  Conductors  of  the  "Floral 

Cabinet." 
Koch.    A  professor  at  Erlangeo. 
Koehler.    A  writer  on  German  and 

French  grasses. 
Krauee.    A  Dutch  botanist,  and 

autlior  of  "Boomen  en  Hees- 

Ur." 
Ktauh.    A  Prussian  botanist. 


lAnntetu.  The  celebrated  re- 
former of  natural  history. 

LabHiardOre.  A  French  bota- 
nist 

Lagasca.  A  Spanish  botanist  and 
professor. 

Lamarck,    A  French  botanist. 

A,  B.  Lambert,  F.  R.  S.  Pre- 
sident of  the  Linnean  Society. 


Lanih.' 

Lttpey.  y 
Laxpr.  - 
Laxm. 


Lech. 
J,ed. 
Ledeb. 
Lee. 

Leuing. 


\ 


L.ftL    - 
VHtr.    \ 

L'Hirit.S 
Linn,    - 

Lindl.  - 


Link.! 

Lk.    i 

Lob. 

Label. 

L'Obcl. 

Lodd. 

Loddiges. 


€i.y 


} 


Lois.  7 

Lois.  Deo-  ^ 
longchampsj 
Lour.  - 

Lifon.   • 


Mttckay.     . 

Maicoim. 

Marsh.  7 
Marshall,  y 
Mart,     - 

Masters. 

Matth.   - 
Medik.   • 

Mamies. 


Mertens. 
Meyer.  - 
Michx.      \ 
Michaux.  y 


Mfchx.JUs.  1 
Michx.  jun.  y 

Mitt.      - 

Mirb.     -       - 

MNab.  -       - 

Moe. 

Moc,  et  Sesse. 

Mcench,  - 

Mua.         7 

MUhlenb.  > 
Muhlenberg,  y 
Munch,  - 

Muni.        1  - 
Mtmiing.  y 
Murr.    - 


-  LofUh.    Author  of  "  Dlssertatio 

de  Aoere." 
.    LaPeyrouse.    A  French    writer 
upon  the  plants  of  the  Pyre- 
nees. 

-  Latarence  (Miss).     An  English 

flower-painter. 

-  Ixufmann.    A  German  writer  on 

Siberian  plants. 

-  Ledtenault.    A  French  botanist. 

*  Ledebow.    A   botanist,  and  tra- 

veller in  Siberia. 

-  Lee.    A  nurseryman  at  Hammer- 

smith. 

•  Lessing,    A  writer  on  Comp6sitae, 

and  resident  at  Berlin. 

-  Linnaeus  the  yotmger. 

-  C.  L.  Hiritier.    A  French   bota. 

nist  and  author. 

-  IJnsueus.    The    celebrated     re. 

former  of  natural  history. 

-  Dr.  LindUy,  P.B.S,,  Ac.     Pro- 

fessor of  botany  in  Unirersity 
College,  London. 

-  Link.    A  celebrated  Prussian  bo- 

tanist. 

.    Ztobel.  An  old  writer  upon  plants. 

-  Messrs.    Loddiges.        Celebrated 

English  nurserymen  and  bota- 
nists, Hackney. 

Loioeleur   Dedongdusmps.         A 
French  botanist. 

Loureiro.    A  Portuguese  travel. 

ler  in  Cochin-Chlna. 
Lyon.    A  collector  of  American 

plants. 


M. 

J.  T.  Maekay,  A.L.S.  Author  of 
"  Flora  Hlbernica." 

Malcobn.  Late  nurseryman  at 
Kensington. 

Marskail.  A  writer  on  American 
trees. 

Dr.  Martins.  A  celebrated  Ger- 
man botanist  and  traveller. 

jy.  Masters  of  the  Canterbury 
Nursery. 

Matthiolsts.   An  Italian  physician. 

Medictts.  A  German  botanist  of 
the  last  century. 

Menxies.  A  Scotch  botanist,  and 
traveller  round  the  world  with 
Vancouver. 

Mertens.    A  French  botanist 

Meyer.    A  German  botanist. 

Michaux,  A  French  botanist,  and 
traveller  in  N.  Amer.,  and  au- 
thor of  "  Flora  Borealis  Ameri. 
cana." 

Miehttssx  the  yotmger.  Alno  a 
botanist  and  traveller  In  K.  Ame- 
rica,  author  of  '*  Histoire  des 
Arbresde  I'Am^rique." 

Miller.  An  English  gardener  and 
botanist. 

Mirbel.  A  French  physiological 
botanist. 

M'Nab.  Superintendant  of  the 
Edinburgh  Botanic  Garden. 

Modno.    A  Mexican  botanist. 

Mocino  and  Sesse.  Two  Mexican 
botanists. 

Meendt.    A  German  botanist. 

A  North  American 


MUUenberg. 
botanist. 

Baron  Otto  oon  Munchauseny    A 

German  botanist. 
A,  Munting.    A   German  bota* 

nlst. 
Murray,    A  German  botanist 

4c 


1122 


LIST    Oh    AUTHORITIES. 


Mutfs. 
Mx. 


N.  Amer, 
Jfeek.  i 
Necker.  S 
Kees. 
Nees  von 

Etenbeek, 
NeiU, 


i 


7i$t.'      1 
TissoU.     I 


NesU. 

H 

NissoU 

Nois.       X 

Noisette,  j 

Nutt. 

NuttaU 


i 


<Sd. 
Opix. 


PaU.      - 

Pawn,    •> 

Parkinson. 

Pav. 
Penny.  - 

PerrotUt 
Pers. 

Ph,        -       . 

Pltng.     - 

Pluk.     ' 

Pair. 

Poit.  et  Turp. 

PoU.       -       . 

Port.  - 
PotU.     - 

Pomrr.  - 
Presl.  - 
Pursh.  - 


R.  ctP.  - 


Rqf. 
S40n. 
Rqfinesque 
Ramond. 
Ray.      . 


i 


Mutis.    A  Spanish  botanist,  resi- 
dent in  New  Grenada. 
Miekmu.    See  Miekx. 


N. 

N.  Amer.    North  American. 
Necker.    A  German  writer  upon 

botanical  aflkirs. 
Nees  von  Esenbeck.     A  German 

botanist. 

Dr.  NeiU  of  Canon  Mills.  A 
sealous  botanist,  and  promoter 
of  horticulture. 

Nestler.    A  botanist  of  Strasburg. 

NissoU.    A  French  botanist. 

Noisette.   A  French  nurseryman. 

NnttaU.  A  North  American  bo- 
tanist. 


O. 

Oeder.    A  Danish  botanist 
Opiz.    A  German  botanist. 

P. 

Pottos.  A  Russian  traveller  and 
naturalist. 

Parmentier.  A  French  nursery- 
man. 

Parkinson,  An  old  botanical  au- 
thor. 

Pavon.    A  Spanish  botanist. 

Oeorge  Pemsy.  A  botanist  and 
nurseryman. 

Perrottet,    A  French  botanist. 

Persoon.  A  French  botanist  and 
botanical  author. 

Pursk.  A  Prussian  botanist,  and 
traveller  in  North  America. 

Pliny.  An  ancient  nacurallst,  and 
classic  author. 

L.  Plukenett.    A  Dutch  botanist. 

Poiret.  A  French  botanical  writer. 

Poiteam  and  Turpin.  French  bo- 
tanical draughtsmen. 

PolUek.  A  German  writer  on  the 
plants  of  the  Palatinate. 

Portuguese. 

J.  Potts.  A  collector  of  plants  in 
China. 

Pourret.    A  French  botanist. 

Presl.    A  Bohemian  botanist. 

Pursk.  A  Prussian  botanist,  and 
traTeller  in  North  America. 


R. 

Ruix  and  Pavon.  Spanish  boCiu 
nists  and  travellers  in  Peru  and 
Chile. 

Reemer  et  Sckultx.  German  bota- 
nists. 

Rqftnesque  Sckmatt.  A  botanical 
author. 


R.  Br.       l 
R.  Brown.  J 

Red.  1 

Redouts.  S 
Reick.    . 

Rcncaulm. 


Retx. 
Rick.      - 
Riekards. 
Rickardsom, 


} 


A  French  botanist. 

JoknRay.  A  celebrated  botanist 
and  naturalist. 

Dr.  Robert  Brotim,  F.R.S.^  S^.  A 
distinguished  English  botanist, 
and  traveller  in  New  Holluid, 

RedouK.    A  French  botanist. 

Reiekei^adk.  A  German  bota. 
nist 

P.  Reneaubne.  Author  of  '*  Spe- 
cimen Historic  Plantarum." 
1611. 


Robs.  - 
Wim.ef^ 

SckuU.  ( 
Rcem.  etc 

SckuU.  J 
Ronalds. 

Rossnukssier, 

Rott.  - 
ilorft.  - 
Royle.    - 


RuixetPaw.'} 
Ruiz  et  Pa-  {- 
von.  3 

Russ.     - 
Russ.     - 


Sab. 
Sabine 


ine,  S 


Sal.      1 

Saiisb.S 
Sang.     - 

Sana.     - 
Sckiede  et  > 

Deppe.y 
Sckl. 

ScMeckt. 

SeUeckLeO 
Ckam.    S 
Sckleicker. 

Sckfnidt. 

Sckrad.     7 
Sekrader.S 
Sekrank. 
Sdkreb.  - 

aCmmOCTJv 

SckuU.  1 
SekMtUes.y 
Scop. 
Ser.  1 
Seringe.y 
Sibtk.     - 


Sieb. 
Sieb. 


Sievers. 
Sims. 

SmOk. 


Smi^qfAyr. 
Sol.       I 
Soland.S 

Soulaiuge*  7  < 

JfotfS.    5 
Spack.  - 

S^^ais.     - 


Reisius.    A  Geraun  botiBeA 
Riekard.    A  Frcncfa  botanic 
Dr.  Rickardsom.     A  tranflg  il 
the  northern  parts  of  BribA 
America,  and  author  of  tfae  J^ 
pendix  on  Natural  Wttatj  n 
FrankUn's  **  TrareU." 
Robson.    An  Eaglisb  botadA 

Beemer,  aGeriBan  botaBtt;ari 
SckmUx,  a  Bavarian  boCaoM. 

Ronalds,  A  nunerTnantfBn^ 

foitL 
RossmBssler.     A 

mologist. 
Router.    A  Germao 
RoKburgk.    An  Indian  boo^ 
Dr.  Royle,  P.BS..  ^e.  Pwtrf 

M*.lfed.  in  Kiofi  Cofcit 

Author  of  '*  niostratifln  or  m 

Natural  HIitonr  and  BiOBf « 

the  Himalayas,'^' tc. 
Ruix  and  Pavon.    SpanlA  b«j 

nlsts,  and  traveller*  in  P«»» 

Chile. 
RuaseU,    A  botanist  of  Aiqrps. 
Ruuian. 


S. 

J.  Sabine,  P.B.S.,  ^  A  p* 
encourager  of  umnl  U*"7« 
botany,  and  gardeaiDf. 

Salisbury.  An  cmineat  Ea^ 
botanist. 

Sang.    AScotdnwinerrmnm 

author. 
Sanii.    An  Italian  botaniii- 
Sckiede  and  Devpe.    Wtwn  x 

the  botany  of  HeskQ. 
Sckleicker.     A  Swin  pl»*«- 

lector.  ,  _^ 

SckleektendM.      A    edfivM 

German  botanist.       . 

1  iw 


German  botaniiu. 

-  Sckleicker.     A  Swiss 

lector. 
•    Sckmidi.     A  Genaao 
author. 

-  Sekrader.    ACwmaab** 

-  Sekrank.   ABanriaa 

-  Sekreber.    A  Genua 

-  Scktibert.    AFoUsh 

-  SckatUes.    ABavaxin 

-  Seopoti.    An  Italian  tata*- 

-  Scringe.    ASwissboWi* 

-  Sibikorn.  AnEngliihWi»Ji5 

profnwr  of  botany  at  tw* 
traveller  to  Greece,  srf  ** 
of"Flof«Cf»ca.7   _^ 
Sieber.    A  botanical  eoBgt 

-  Siebold  (Dr.  wfV^AjJJ* 

botanist,  who  hashspwj*' 
valuable  plants  tnm  J^ 

-  Sievers.    A  Germaabotai* 

-  Sims.     An  EagliA  pw»  ^ 

tanlst.  ^ L^j^ 

-  SirJ.E.Smilk.    FomijfJ 

Un.  Soc.,andaatfcorrf««>• 
botanical  works. 
SsnOk.    NuTKrVB^flfAft 


uanaer.  A  ^^"TcJi^i 
and  comp«»ion^«r*  13 
Banks  In^ook^  w5»r  "^ 

the  world.   ,  -^  ^ 

tanffaind  h«<*«*"!!?'»«** 
'desSdencesKatwtlto- 


LIST   OF   BOOKS    REFERRED   TO. 


1123 


Spr.      1 
Spreng.S 

Stephens,  i 
Stev.     \ 

Steven.} 
Stokes.   - 
Svents. 


Sweet. 

Swed. 

SwL 

Sw%. 

Swartz 


J 


Tauach. 
Ta». 

Ten.      2 
Tenor e.S 
Tkeoph. 
Thore.   -     - 
Thory.   -      - 
Thoum. 
Tkwl.       1 
ThtaWer.l  ' 
Thtm.   1 
Tkunb.i 
T.  Nees  ab  E 


•  Sprengel.    A  German  botanist. 

-  Stephens.    A  British  entomologist. 

•  Steven,    A  Russian  botanist. 

-  Stokes.    An  English  ph jslcian. 

-  Svenkt.      A    Swedish    botanical 

author. 

-  See  Stot. 

-  Swedisk. 

-  Sweet.    An  English  botanist. 

-  Swartz.    A  Swedish  botanist,  and 

traveller  in  the  West  Indies. 

T. 

.    TauscA.    A  German  botanist. 

-  Taremier.     A   traveller   in   the 
East. 

-  Tenore.    A  Neapolitan  botanist. 

-  Theopkrattus. 

-  Thore.    A  French  botanist. 

-  Thory.    A  French  botanist. 
.     Thouin.    A  French  botanist. 

.    Thuillier.    A  French  botanist. 

A  Swedish  botanical 


7\)rrey,  - 
Torr.  et  Gray. 

Toum, 


Trag.    - 
Trat.     - 


Vahl. 
Vail. 

Vent. 


Thunht-rg. 
traveller. 

T.  Ncei  ab  Esenbeek.  A  German 
botanist. 

Torrey.    An  American  botanist. 

Dr«.  Torrey  and  Gray.  Authors  of 
the  "  Flora  of  North  America.'* 

Toum^ort.  An  old  French  bo- 
tanist, and  traveller  In  Greece 
and  Asia  Minor. 

Tragus  or  Bock.  A  German  bo- 
tanist. 

Traitinik.    A  botanist  of  Vienna. 


V. 

Vahl.    A  botanical  author. 
Vaillant.    A  French  botanist  and 

traveller. 
Ventenat.    A  French  botanist. 


Vef%m      m 
Vest.       - 

vm.     \ 

ViiUtrs.S 
Vin. 

Vis. 

Vitm,     - 
Vi9. 


W. 


Wahlenb.     - 
Wal.      I      - 
JValdst.y 
IValdit.  et  Kit. 

Walker. 

WaU.     -     - 

IVallr.  - 
WaU.     .     - 

Wang,  ■} 
Wangenh.  f 
Wangen-  T 
hehn.  J 
WaU.  I  - 
Watson,  i 
Webb.     -      . 

Wcihe  et  Nees. 

Wendl.  -     - 

Wicks.  -  - 
WiOd.  -  - 
Wood.  1       - 

Woods.S 
Woodv. 
Wu(f.     -      - 


H^fflnan''s    Verzeichnungen  Uber 

Pyrus 
Vest.    A  Styrian  botanist. 

ViUars.    A  French  botanist. 

Jacqmm's     •*  Hortus     Vindobo- 

nensis." 
Dr.  Visiani.     A   writer  on   the 

Flora  of  Dalmatia. 
Vitmann.    A  German  botanist. 
Viviani.    An  Italian  botanist. 


W. 

Willdenow.    A  German  botanist, 

and  editor  of  an  edition  of  Lin- 

nseus's  ^  Species   Plantarum/' 

&c. 
Wahlenberg.  A  Swedish  botanist. 
Waldstein.  A  noble  German  patron 

of  botany. 
Waldstein  and  Kitaibel.    Authors 

of  the  "  Flora  of  Hungary." 
Dr.  Walker.    A  Scotch  wnter  on 

plants. 
Hallich.    Superintendent  of  the 

Botanic  Garden  at  Calcutta. 
Wallroth,    A  German  botanist. 
n'alter.    A  writer  on  the  "  Flora 

of  Carolina." 

-  Wangenkeim.  A  German  bocanut. 

Watson.  An  English  writer  upon 
trees  and  shrubs. 

Webb.  An  English  botanist  and 
author. 

Weihe  and  Nees.  Two  German 
writers  on  BiXbl. 

Wendiand.  A  German  garden  bo- 
tanist. 

Witkstrom.    A  German  botanist. 

See  W. 

Woods.  An  English  writer  on 
roses. 

WoodvUle.    An  English  botanist. 

Wttlfen.    A  German  botanist. 


LIST  OF  BOOKS  REFERRED  TO, 

THE    TITLES    OF   WHICH    ARE    ABRIDGED    IN    THE    TEXT. 


A. 

AbbildstngderdevtschenE6txarten,\c.  F.  Gulm- 
pel,  C.  L.  Willdenow,  and  F.  G.  Hayne,  Abbll- 
dung  der  deutschen  Holxarten,  &c.  Berlin, 
1830.    4to,pl.216. 

Abbildung  der  tremden  in  DetUschland  aus- 
dauemden  Hobarten,  S[C.  ¥.  Guimpcl,  Abbil- 
dungen  der  fremden  in  Deutschland  aus- 
dauemden  Holzarten,  mit  Angabe  der  Cultur 
von  F.  Otto,und  Bcschreibung  von  F.  G.  Hayne. 
Berlin.    1819— 182.'j.  4to. 

Abb.  Inst.  See  Abbott  and  Smith's  Natural  His- 
tory of  Georgia.  .  , , 

Abb.  and  Smithy  Ins.  qf  Georgia.    See  ibid. 

Abbott  and  Smith's  Insects  qf  Georgia.  See 
il)ld. 

Abbott  and  Smith's  Natural  History  of  Georgia. 
Abbott  and  Smith's  Natural  History  of  the  Le- 
pidopterous  Insects  of  Georgia.  London.  2  vols. 

AheTs  Chin  Personal  Obfervations  made  during 
the  Progress  of  the  British  Embassy  to  China, 
and  on  its  Voyage  to  and  from  that  Country  In 
the  years  1816  and  1817.  By  Clerk  Abel.  Lond. 
1818.    4to. 


Abhand.  KSnig.  Akad.  Wissens.  Berlin.  Abhand- 
lungen  der  Physikallschen  Kasse  der  Konig. 
lich-Preussischen  Akademie  der  Wissen- 
schalten  aus  den  Jahrcn  1820  and  1821.  Berlin, 
1822.    4to. 

Aehar.  Acad.  Handl.  Acbarius  In  KSnlgl.  Veten- 
skaps-Academlens  Handlluger.  1741,  and  con- 
tinued.  8vo. 

Aet.Gall.  M6molresdel'Acad£mieRoyaledeParis. 

Act.  Nat.  Cur.  .\cta  Naturse  Curiosorum.  No- 
rimbergie  et  Bonne  1730,  and  continued. 
4to. 

Act.  Nat.  Semt.  Berl.  Beichaltlgungen  der 
Berlinischer  Gesellschaft  Naturforschendcr 
Freunde.    Berlin,  1779,  and  continued.   8vo. 

AcL  Petrop.  Commentarii  Academis  Scientinrum 
Imperialis  Petropolitanse.  Petropoli,  17'2H— 
1751.    Uvols.  4ta 

Act.  Soc.  Batav.  Verhandelingen  van  het  Da. 
taafsch  Oenootschapp  der  Proefondervindelyka 
wysbegeerte  te  Rotterdam.  Rotterdam,  1774, 
and  continued.   4to. 

Act.  Suec.  Acta  Literaria  Suecise.  Upial,  1720, 
&c.   4to. 

Act,  Tour,  Mtotoires  de  TAcad^roie  Royale  dci 
Sciences  de  Turin.    4co.    1783—1816. 

4C   2 


1124 


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Adam$,  Pom.     Families  det  Plantes,  &c.    B7 

Michael  Adanson.    Paris,  1763.   2  toIs.  8to. 
4ft.  Rot.  Suec.  Tent,    Aftellas  (Ad.),  I>e  Rosis 

Suecanis  TenUmina.   Upsal,  1804—1807.    4to. 
Agricmti.  Mamtal.    The  Agriculturist's  Manual ; 

being  a  familiar  Description  of  the  Agricultural 

Plants  cultivated  in  Europe,  including  Practical 

GtMkervations,  See.     By  P.  Lawson  and  Son. 

Edinb.    1836.    8to. 
AH.  Hort.  Kno.    W.  Alton's  Hortus  Kewensis. 

A  Catalogue  of  PianU  Cultivated  in  the  Royal 

Gardens  at  Kew.    Lond.  1810.    5  vols.  8vo. 
Aid.  Hort.  Far.    Aldinus  (Tob.).  Descrlptio  nu 

riorum    Plantaruro    in     Horto    Famesiano. 

Rome,  1625.  fol. 
All,  Ped.    AlUoni  ( C),  Flora  Pcdemontana,  sive 

Bnuroeratlo  methodica  Stirpium  indigenarum 

Pedemontii.    Aug.  Taur.  1785.  3  rols.  fol.  pi. 

92. 
iflp.  Eg.    Prosper  Alpinus,  De  Plantis  ^grpti 

Liber.    VenetlU,  1A02.    4to. 
Alp.  Exot,    Alpinus  (P.),  De  Plantis  Exoticis 

Libri  ii.    Edldit  (A.)  Alpinus.    VonetUs,  1629. 

4ta 
Alpht.  Exot.   Id.,  De  Plantis  Exoticis  Librl  duo. 

Venetils,  1629.    4to. 
Am.  Acad.    Amoenitates  Academics,  sen  Dlsser- 

tatlones  rarlB  Physicse,  &c.    By  Linusus  kdA 

his  Pupils.    Brlangen,  1790.    10  vols. 
Amer.  Lye.  N.  H.  of  New  York.    Annals  of  the 

Lyceum  of  Natural  History  of  New  York.  New 

York,  1824,  and  continued.    8vo. 
Arnm.  RtUh.    See  Arnnumn  SUrp,  Rulk. 
Ammarm  Slirp.  Ruth.  Ammann  ( Johan.),  Stir- 
pium rariorum  in  Imperlo  Rutheno  sponte  pro- 

venientium  Icones  et  Descrlpdones.    Petrop. 

1739.    4to. 
Anderson  MS.     Geo.  Anderson,  Esq.,  Tool^ 

Street  and  North  Mimms,  Herts. 
Amir.  Bot.  Rep.    The  Botanist's  Repository  for 

New  and  Rare  Plants.    By  H.  C.  Andrews. 

Lond.  1797.  et  sea.    10  vols.  4to. 
Andr.  Heaths.    Coloured  Engravings  of  Heaths, 

with  botanical  descriptions.    Id.  Lond.  1802— 

1809.    8  Tols.  fol. 
Ah.  Hort.  Soe.  Par.    See  Aftnales  de  la  SociSK 

d*  Horticulture  de  Paris. 
Anteit.  die  Baume  und  StrSuche  Oaterreich*^  ^e. 

Geraeiufassliche  Anleitung  die   Baume   und 

Strauche  Oesterreichs  aus  den  Blattern  zu  er- 

Iccnnen.  Von  Frans  Hfiss.  Vienna,  1830. 12mo. 
Attn.  d'Hort.     See  AmutUsdelaSociitSd'Hor- 

UcuUure  de  Paris. 
Annalcs  d'Hort.  de  Paris.     See  Ibid. 
Annates  de  la  Sociiti  iT Horticulture  de  Paris. 

In  monthly   Nos.  8vo.    1827,  and  continued ; 

amounting.  In  1837,  to  31  vols.  8to. 
AnnaJes  du  Musfe.    Annales  du  Mus£am  d'His- 

toire  Naturelle.    Paris.   8vo.    Begun  In  1802, 

and  continued. 
Ann.  du  Mut.  d'Hist.  Nat.  de  Paris.     See  An' 

notes  du  Mu$6e. 
Ann.  Luc.    See  Amer.  Imc  N.  H.  qfNew  York. 
Amt.  €f  Bot.    Annals  of^BoCany.    Of  C.  KOnlg 

and  J.  Sims.    Lond.  1805, 1806.    2  rols.  8vo. 
Ann.  Se.  Nat.    Annales  des  Sciences  Naturelles, 

fte.    Pnrls.  8to. 
Ann.  Nat.  Hist.    Annals  of  Natural  History.   By 

Sir  W.  J.  Hooker  and  others. 
Antoime^s  Coniferen.    Die  Coniferen,  &c.     By 

Frans  Antoine. 
Arb.  Brit.    Arboretum  et  Fruticetum  Britanni- 

cum.    1st  e<l. 
Ard.  Mem.    Pietro  Ardulni,  Memoria  di  Ossar- 

vationi  e  dl  Sperienxe  sopra  la  Coltura  e  gli 

Usi  dl  rarie  Piante.    Padova,  1776.    4ta 
Asiai.  Research.  Asiatic  Researches ;  or,  Trans- 
actions of  the  SocietT  Instituted  in  Bengal,  for 
enquiring  into  the  History,  the  Antiquities,  the 

Arts  and  Sciences,  and  Literature  of  Asia. 

Calcutta,  1788,  continued. 
Asso  Sffn.  Arr.      Ignatius  De  Asao,  Synopsis 
.Stirpium  indigenarum  Arragonise.    lfarsili«, 
1779.    4to. 
Audib.  Cat.    Audibcrt  of  Tarascon's  Nursery 

Catalogue. 
Balb.  Cat.  Taur.   Balbis  (J.  B.),  Catalog!  Hortl 
Botanicl  Taurinensls.  1H05~1813.    8vo. 


% 


Banist.   CaL  SOrp.  Firg-     Hettaili 

anum :  or,  an  Aooouot  of  such  PtaMs  aa  J.  x 

nister  sent  the  Designs  of  to  the  Blaluip 

London,  pubUdied  in  Jamas  Pietiver's  M< 

for  the  Curious.    1767. 
Banks.  Herb.  The  Baakaian  Hcrfaarima,  1 

the  British  Mnaeam. 
Banks  Icon.  Kmmpf.     Josephus  Banka, 

selects^  Plantarum  qoas  In  Japooia  mliffft 

delineavit  B.  Kannpfer.    Lond.  1791.  Itf. 
Barrel.  Icon.    See  BarreUer  Piaattt, 
Barrelier  Plants  per  CatUam,  4«. 

Galliam  Hispaniam  et  Italiam  oiMci 

Jacob  BarreUer.    Paris,  1714.    Foi. 
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Bart.  Cat.     Bartram's  Catalosoe  of 

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Bart.  Ft.  Vir.    Barton  (W.  P.  C).    A  Flontf 

North  Ammica.    Phiiadelphia.  1831.   dva 
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North  Carolina.    By  William  Bartram.    Ai- 

ladelphia.  1791.    1  ycA.  8to. 
Bartram  TVov.,  ed.  Germ.    William  Barttmsli 

Relsen  durch  Nord-  und  Sad-CansUna,  aas  < 

Bngliscfaen,  ron  £.  A.  W.  Zimmermaaan. 

1793.    8vo. 
Batard  Smppl.      Supplfment   i  l*Ecsai  sar  Is 

Flore  du  D6partement  de  Maine  et  Loin.   1^ 

T.  Bastard,  or  Batard.   Angers,  iSll.    I  tac 

12mo. 
Bat.  PL  Main,  et  Loire  Sw^pi 

Suppl. 
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et  Fortes,  Chasses,  et  Ptebes.    By . 

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folio. 

Bauk.  Pin.     Pinax  Tlieatri  Botantei.     Br  C 

Bauhin.  Basllcse.  Ed.  1 .,  1690 ;  ed.  ^  1671.  4a&. 
Bauh.  Prod.  ProdromusTheatriBotanicL  Am^ 

Mqiflr    1G20. 
Baum.  Cat.    Catalogl  Hortl  BoIlwyDeriani.   Bf 

the   brothers    Baumann.     1810— 1&I4.    Ba^- 

mann's  Catalogue  for  1838  forms  an  artkic  ■ 

an  Appendix  to  the  larger  Arbofctam. 
Baxt.  Brit.  Ft.  PL    British  PhsenocasDoas  Bo- 
tany ;   or,   Figurtt  and  Descripcaoos  of  tbt 

Genera  of  British  Flowering  Plants.    11^  V. 

Baxter,  A.L.S.,  Curator  of  the  Oxtord  Bttsne 

Garden.  Oxford.    In  monthly  Noa.  ftvob.  Svsk. 

published  in  1837. 
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&c.    Gotha.  1821.    8ro. 
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Behring*s  Straiu.  to  co-<>perate  with  the  FqIw 

Expeditions  In  182&-I828.     Lond.  laU.    la 

2  parts.    4to. 
Beltardi  App.  ad  Fl.  Ped.     Appendix  ad 

Pedemontanam.    1790  and  17^1.    Stol 
BeU.Conifer.  De  Arbortbtu  conlfieris, 

aliisque  sempitema    Fronde  vtrentibas.    Bjf 

Pierre  Belon,  or  Bellon.    Paris,  IVO.    4Ba. 
Bell.  IL    Bellon  (P.),  Plurimanm 

et  memorabillum  Remin  in  Gr«cia,< 

vcrpisB,  1589.    8vo. 
BeUon.  Obs.     Bellonil  ObMTvattooes  in 

Exotfcarum  Libri  x.    1609.    Fol.  pi.  2S7. 
BerL  MSS.    Berlandier's  MSS. 
Bcrtol.  PL  Gen.    PUntc  Genueni 

1802, 1808  obcerravit  et  recensuit  A. 

Genuse,  1804.    Bva 
Besl.  EMst.    Sn  BesL  Hart.  Kgst. 
Besl.  Hort.  Eyst.  Vem.  Ord.     llortns 

sis.    By  Basillus  Besler.      Kurember^  Htt. 

2  vols.  fol. 
Besser  En.  PL  VoO^m.     See  Besstr  fTimn  PL 

Folh.,  tc. 
Besser  Enmm.  PL  Pod,,  kr.     Sv^  Md. 
Bess.  Enum.  PL  Folh.    Enamenoio 

Volhynls.  Podolise,  &e.     By  W.  J.  J. 

Vilnse,  1822.    8vo. 
Seu.  Prim.  Fl.  GaL    Primlti*  Flor» 

Id.    Vienna.  1809.    2  vols.  12310. 
Bibliotheca  Geoponica.    .K  work  of  the  tato  lb. 

Forsrth,  not  rot  published. 
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Ph]nico-E'coDoraIqiie,In«tructiTe,eCAinusante. 

17SMI. 
Bibl.  UtUv.  BIbliotheque  UnlTencUe  deGeodre. 

Genera.   8to. 
SiU.  Univ.  de  Gmhfe.    See  BOtl.  Univ. 
Bieb.  Casp.   Beschrelbuoff  der  Lander  zwischen 

den  Flusten  Terpk  und  Kur  am  Caspitchen 

Meere.    By  L.  B.  F.  Manchall  de  Bleberstein. 

Frankftart  am  Mayn,  1800.    Sro. 
Bitb.  Cent.  PI.  Ear.    Centuria  Plantannn  rarl. 

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et  Caacatl.    Id.    Charkov.  1810.    fol. 
Bieb.  Ft.  Taur.'Camc.  Flora  Taurico-Caucasica, 

exhibens  stirpes  phasnoRamas  In  Chersoneso- 

Taurica  et  Regionibus  Caucaslcis  sponte  cres. 

centes.    Id.    Charkor.  1808— 1819.  3  vols.  8to. 
Bieb.  n.  Tour.  SuppL    See  Bieb.  Smpp. 
Bieb.  Supp.  Flora  Taurico-Caiicasica.  Vol  III., 

seu  Supplementum.    Id.  Charkov.  1819.  8vo. 
Big.  Med.  Boi.    American  Medical  Botany.    By 

J.  BIgelow.    Boston,  1817—1891.  8to. 
Biv.  St.  Sic.  Mant.    Stirpium  rarlomm  in  Sicilla 

prorenientium  Manip.     Panorm.  I818»>1816. 

4  vols.  8to. 
Black.  Herb.    A  curious  Herbal:  containing  600 

Cuts  of  the  Uselbl  Plants.  By  Elizabeth  BUck. 

veil.    London,  1737.    2  vols.  fol. 
JSack.  Icon.    See  Biacic.  Herb. 
Blum.  Bijdr.    See  Blume  Bifdr.  FL  Ind. 
Blum.  BOdr.  FL  Ind.     B^drapm  tot  de  Flora 

Tan  nederlandsche  Indie.     By  C.  L.  Blume. 

Bataria,  1835, 1826. 
Bhtme  Fl.  Jav.    Flore  JaTse  et  Insularum  adja- 

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BruxelUs.  1828.    Fol. 
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By  Paulo  Boccone.    Venetia,  1697.    4to. 
Boerk.  Lugd.    Index  Plantarum  quse  In  Horto 

Acad.  Lugduno-BataTo  reperiuntur.     By  H. 

Boerhaave.    Lugd.  Bat.  1710.    4ta 
Boissi.  Not.  Boissier,  Notice  sur  I'Ablei  Plnsapa 

Geneva,  1899. 
Bon  Jard.     Le  Bon  Jardlnier,   contenant   les 

Princlpes  g^afiraux  de  Culture,  &c.     Paris, 

12mo.    A  volume  yearly. 
Bork.  Hob.    Beschreibung  der  in  den  Hessen- 

Darmstadtischen  Landen  im  Freien  wachsen- 

den  Holsarten.  ByM.B.  Borkhausen.  Frankf. 

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Borrer    MSS.       Manuscript    Information   re- 
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Bosc  Act.  Soc,  Hist.  Nat.  Par.    Actes  de  la  So- 

ci6te  d'HlstoIre  Naturelle  de  Paris.     Paris, 

1792.    Fol. 
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d'Agrlculture   th^orique   et  pratique.     New 

edition.    Paris,  I82]_1823.    16  vols.  8vo. 
Base  Mfm.  sur  les  Chines.  MSmolres  sur  les  dlf- 

fcrentes  espies  de  Cbdnes  qui  croissent  en 

France.    By  L.  Bosc.    Parts,  1808.    4to. 
BotanisL  The  Botanist.  Conducted  by  B.Maund, 

Esq.,  F.L.S.,  assisted  by  Professor  Henslow. 

In  monthly  Nos.Svo. 
Bbtaniste  CuMvateur ;  or  Description,  Culture, 

and  Use  of  the  greatest  Part  of  the  Plants,  Fo- 

reign  and  Indigenous,  which  are  cultivated  in 

Fruice  and  England,  accordins  to  the  Method 

of  Jussieu.    By  Dumont  De  Courset.    Paris, 

1802,  5  vols.  8vo. ;  ed.  2.    Paris,  1811,  6  vols. 

8vo.    Supplement  on  vol.vii.  1814. 
Bot.  Cab.    See  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab. 
Bot.  Cult.    See  Botanitte  CuUivateur. 
Bot.  Gard.    See  Maund's  Bot.  Gard. 
Bot.  Mag.    See  Curt.  Bot.  Mag. 
Bot.  Reg.  Mon.  Ckron.   Chronicle  of  New  Plants 

publiined  monthly  at  the  end  of  the  "  Bo. 

tanical  Register. " 
Bot.  Reg.    Edwards's  Botanical  Register.  Lond. 

8vo.    Begun  in  1815,  and  continued  monthly. 

Conducted  now  by  Dr.  Lindley. 
Bot.  Rep.    See  Andr.  Bot.  Rep. 
Rot.  Zat.    Boianische  Zeitung. 
Boutcker's    Treatise  on  raising  Forest  Trees. 

Edinb.  1775.    4to. 
Breyn.  Cent.     Exoticarum  Plantarum  Centuria. 

By  Jacobus  Breynius.    Gedan^  1678.    Fol. 
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Bromel.  CkL  Goth.  Chloris  Gothica.  By  Olaus 
Bromelius.    Gotboburol,  1694.   8vo. 

Brong.  M^m.  Rkam.  Mteioire  sur  la  FamiUe 
des  Rhamn^s ;  ou  Histolre  Naturelle  et  M6- 
dicale  det  Genres  qui  composent  ce  Group  des 
Plautes.  Par  Adolphe  Brongnlart.  Paris,  1826. 
4to. 

Brot.  Flat.  Ims.  See  BroUro^s  Flora  Lusiianica. 

Broterd's  Fl.  Lus.     See  ibid. 

Brolero's  Flora  LusitmUea.  Olbsipome,  1804. 
2  vols.  8vo. 


Brot.  Phut.     Phytographia  LusiUniae  selection 
Bv  Feux  Avellar  Brotero.    OUssiponi 


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Brown  Prod.    Prodromos  FIor»   Novae   Hol- 

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Bull.  FL  Par.    Flora  Parisiensis.    By  Bulllard. 

Paris,  1776.-.1780.    6  vols.  8vo. 
BuU.  Herb.    Herbier  de  la  France     Id.  1780  et 

s«q.  fol.pl.  600. 
BttU.   Soc.  Nat.   Mos»   Bulletin  des   Sdences 

Naturelles  de  Moscou. 
Burgsd.  Anieit.    Bnrndorf  (F.A.L.),  Anieltung 

sur   sichem   Enienung  und  sweck»  assigen 

Anpflanzung  der  einhelmischen  and  iremden 

Hoiiarten  welche  in  Deutschland  und  nnter 

ahnlichen  Klima  im  (Men  fortkommen.  1796. 

2  vols.  8vo. 
Buxb.  Cent.    J.  C.  Buxbaim,  Plantarum  minus 

cognltaram    Centuria   qulnqoe.     PetropoU, 

1728—1740.    5  vols.  4to. 
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Hallense  crescentium.    Hale,  1721.   8vo. 


C. 


Cat.  Mem.    Memoln  ot  the  Caledonian  H<»ti- 

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Sp&.,  Ifc. 
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Annales  des  Sclenoes  Naturelles,  torn.  1. 
Cam.  Epit.    Joachim  Camerarlus,   De  Plantis 

Epitome  utillsslma.     Francof.  Mssn.     1686. 

4to. 
Catesb.  Carol.     Cateaby's    Natnnd  History  of 

Carolina,  Florida,  and  the  Bahama  Jsluds. 

Lond.  1741—1748.  2  vols.  foUo. 
Cat.  Hort.  Vindob.    See  Jaeq.  Hort.  Yin. 
Cav.  Diss.  A.  J.  Cavanllles,  Honadelphisp  Classis 

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pi.  297. 
Cav.  le.    Id.,  Tcones  et  Descriptlones  Plantaram 

fuie  ant  sponte  In  Hispanla  creacvnt,  aut  in 
[ortis  hoftpltantur.  Matrlt.  1791— 1801.  6  vols, 
fol.  pi.  601. 

Cels.  tips.    Celsius,  Hortus  Upsalensis. 

Ckois.  Prod.  Hyp.  J.  D.  Choisy,  Prodromoa 
d'nne  Monographle  des  Hyp^ricin6es.  Geneva, 
1821.    4to. 

CkurckaVs  Medical  Botamy.  Medical  Botany; 
or.  Illustrations  and  Descriptions  of  the  Medi- 
cinal Plants  of  the  London,  Edinburgh,  and 
Dublin  Pharmacopceias.  By  J.  Stephenson, 
M.D.,  &c.,  and  James  Morss  Churchill,  F.L.S. 
Lond.  1881.  4  vols.  8vo. 

Clayt.  Fbur.  Virgin.  Gronovius  (J.  F.),  Flora 
Virglnica,  exhibens  Plantas  ouas  J.  Clayton  in 
Virginia  TOllegit.  Lugduni  Batavonim,  1743. 
8vo. 

Qus.  Hist.  See  Clutius's  Bariorum  PUmi- 
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Clus.  Pan.  Carolus  Clusius,  Rariorum  aliquot 
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Chisius^s  Ranorum  Plantarum.  Id.,  Rarionim 
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CoUa  Hort  Rip.    See  CoUa  Hort.  RipuL 

Colla  Hort.  Ripul.  CoUa,  Hortua  Ripnlensla. 
Turin.  180-1887.  4ta 

4c  3 


11-26 


MST   OF    BOOKS    REFERRED    TO. 


Com.  Hort.    See  Contm.  Hort.  AnuL 
Cormm.    Goei.     CoramenUrli    Societatis    regie 
GoetUngeosis.  1751,  1754,  1769^1816.    4  vols. 
4to. 
Comm.    Hort.   Anut.    Joh.    Commclrn,    Ilortl 
inedici  Ainstelodamensis  rariorum  PUntaruxn 
De^crlptio  ct  Icone*.  Pars  prima.    Amstelod. 
1697.  (ol.    Pan  altera.    By  Casp.  Commelyn. 
1703.  fol. 
Count.  Bot.  Mag.  See  Companion  to  the  Botanical 

Magazine. 
Companion  to  the  Botanical  Magazine  ;  being  a 
Journal  containing  luch  interesting  botanical 
Information  as  does  not  come  witiiin  the  pre* 
scribed  Limits  of  tiie  Magazine ;  with  occa- 
sional figures.  By  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker.  Lond. 
Begun  in  1835. 
Cord.  Hist.    Ck>rdus  (C),  Historia  PlanUrum. 

ed.  k  C.  Gesnero.    Argentorati,  1G51.    Folio. 
Com.  Can.    Jacob  Cornuti,  Canadensium  Plan- 
tanim  aliarumque  nondum  editarum  llistoria. 
Paris,  1636.  4to. 
CrantM  Austr.     Henr.   Joh.   Nepom.    Crantz, 
Stirpes  Austriacs.  1762.  8to. 

Curt.  Bot.  Mag.  The  Botanical  Magazine,  &c. 
By  W.  Curtis  i  continued  by  Dr.  Sims ;  and, 
since  the  death  of  Dr.  Sims,  by  Sir  W.  J. 
Hooker.  Lond.  Begun  in  1787.  and  continued 
in  monthly  Not.  8to. 

Curt.  Fi,  Lond.    See  Curt.  Lond. 

Curt.  Lond.  Flora  Londinensis ;  or,  Plates  and 
Deteriptions  of  such  Plants  as  grow  wild  in 
the  EnTlrons  of  London,  with  their  places  of 
Growth,  ftc  ByW.  Curtis.  Lond.  1777.  3  Tols. 
fol.  pi.  432. 

Daleeh.  Hist.    See  DaUckamp's  Hist.  Plant 

Daleekamp^t  Hist.  Plant.  Jacques  Dalechamp's 
Historia  generalis  Plantarum.  Lugd,  1566, 
1087.    9  Tols.  folio. 

Davif*i  AgrietUturat  Chemistry.  Elements  of 
Agricultural  Chemistrr.  By  Sir  Humphry 
DaTy.  In  a  Course  of  Lectures  for  the  Board 
of  Agriculture.    London,  1813.    4to. 

Dec.  Attr.  Augustin  P/ramus  DeCaadoUe,  Af- 
tragalogia.    Paris,  1802.    4to  et  fol. 

Bee.  FL  Fr.  Id.  et  Lamarck,  Flore  Fran9aiie. 
Paris,  1805—1816.    5  vols.  8vo. 

Dec.  Fl  Fr.  Suppl,    See  Dec.  Fl.  Fr. 

Dec  Fl.  Gall.    See  Duby. 

Dec.  Hort.  Montp.    See  Dec.  Cat,  Hort.  Monsp, 

Dee.  Cat.  Hort.  Montp.  Id.,  Catalogus  PlanU- 
rum Horti  Botanlci  Monspeliensis,  addito  Ob- 
ser?ationum  circa  Species  noras  aut  non  satis 
oognitas  Fasciculo.    Monsp.  1813.   8to. 

Dee.  Lig.  Mhn.  Id.,  M6moire  sur  la  Famille  des 
L^gumineuses.    Paris,  1825.   4to,  pi.  70. 

Dec.  Mim,  Soe.  Gen.  DeCandoIle  in  M^molres 
de  la  SodHi  de  Physique  et  d'Histoire  Naturelle 
de  Gendve.    1821,  and  continued.   4to. 

Dec.  M6m.  tned.  in  Soe.  Ph$/i.  Gen.  DeCan- 
dolle's  MSS.  in  the  M^moires  de  la  Soe.  de 
Pbys.  et  d'HIst.  Nat.  de  Gendve. 

Dee.  MS,  Manuscript  Information  from  DeCan- 
doIle. 

DeCandoUe  PL  Fl.    See  Dec.  Fl.  Fr. 

Dee.  PI,  rar.  Jard.  Gen.  Id.,  Plantes  rnres  dn 
Jardln  de  Gendve.  Gendr.  1825—1827.  4to, 
pi.  24. 

Dec.  Prod.  Prodromus  SystemaUs  naturalls 
Regni  Vegetabilis ;  sen  Enumeratio  mctbodicn 
Ordinum,  Generum,  Speclerumque  Plantarum 
Itucusque  cognitarum.  Paris,  1824—1830. 
4  vols.  8ro. 

Dec.  Suit.  Id.,  Regni  vegetabilis  Systema  na- 
turale ;  slve  Ordines,  Genera,  et  Smtcies  Plan- 
tarum, secundum  Method!  naturales  Norroas 
digestarum  et  descriptarum.  Paris,  1818—1821. 
2  thick  vols.  8to. 

De  Fi'uct.  et  Sem.  Plant.  J.  G«rtner,  De  Fruc- 
ttbus  et  Seminibus  Plantarum  ;  continuat.  k 
C.  F.  Gsrtner  sub  tituio  "  Carpoloeia."  Leip- 
sis,  8  voU.  4to.  i..  1788;  11.,  1791 ;  Ui.  or  Sup- 
plementum  Carpologise,  1805. 

Delamarre't  Tratti  Pratique  de  la  Culture  des 
Pint.    ParU,  1834.  3d.  ed. 

^<*i^.  Au»ergn.    See  Delarb.  Fl.  Auv. 

Dejarb.  Fl.  Auv.  Antoine  de  I'Arbre,  Flore 
d*AuT«fsne.     Ed.  1.,    1  vol.  8ro,  Clermont- 


Ferrand,  1795.      Ed.   3.,  BJQB  et 
1803,  2  vols.  8ro. 

Delaung  Herb.  Amat.    DeLmnr  ia 

I'Amatcur,  a  French  periodicu. 

Delett.  Icon.    See  Delett.  loom.  teL 

Delett.  Icon.  tel.    Benj.  Delesaert,  1< 

Plantarum  in  System,  univen. 

Paris,  1820.    4to. 

Dend.  Brit.    See  Demdrotogia 

Dendrolagia  Britannica;  or.  Trees  and  Shn^ 
that  win  live  in  the  open  Air  of  Britsaa.  % 
P.  W.  Watson.    Lond.   2  vols.  8ro.  pi.  ITS. 

Detf.  Act.  Par.  Actet  de  la  Sodct^  d'^daiR 
Naturelle  de  Paris.    Paris,  1792.    Folia. 

De^.  Ann.  Mus.    See  Annaleit  du  Mutee, 

Detf.  Arb.    Sec  De^f.  Hist,  ^c 

Detf.  Atlan.     See  Detf.  FL  AtL 

Deif.  FL  AtL  R.  L.  Deefontainea,  Flon  AxSia* 
tica.    Paris,  1798, 1799.   Svoift.4UiL 

De^f.  Hist,  des  Arbres  et  Arbrit*.     Id«  HSttoBv 
des  Arbres  et  Arbcisseaux  qai  pentti  ccv 
cuitivis  en  picine  Terre  sur  le  Sol  de  la  Fi 
Paris,  1809.   2  vols.  8vo. 

De^f.  Cat.  Bot.    See  De!tf.  CatoL  Heel.  P. 

Detf.  Cat.  Hort.  Paris.     See  ibid, 

Detf.  Catal.  Hort  P.     Id..  Ca 
Horti  regil  Parisiensi*.    F^ris,^ia29.  tra^M 
ed 

Detf.  HorL  Par.    See  Detf.  CaiaL.,  ^ 

Detv.  Joum.    See  Dete.  Jamm..  Bot. 

Desv.  Joum.  Bot.     I>e9Taux,  Joamd  dt 

-  nique.    Paris,  1808—1814.    «  roU.  «vo. 

Diet,  det  Eaux  et  des   Forcts* 
Traiti. 

Dictionnture  Giniral  det  Eats*  et  Ferett.  Ssi 
ibid. 

Dietr.  Lee.  Suppl.  Dietrichs  (J.  G.). 
dlges  Lexicon  der  Gartnercy  uad 
Weimar,  1801.   2  vols.  8vo. 

DiU.  Eltk.    Joh.  Jac.  DUlenfaa.  Hoftn 
exuis.    Lond.  1732.   S  vols.  foL 

Dod.  Pempt.    See  Dodtm.  Pempt. 

Dodon.  Pempt.    Rambertos  Dodanaoi  «■  Dik- 
doens,  Stirpium  Historic  PemptJHlai 
Llbri  XXX.    Antverpise,  1616.    feL 

Don*s  MiU.    See  Don't  MOler's  Dietia 

Don't  Miller's  Dictionary.  A  general  S;iM  of 
Gardening  and  Botany,  tte.,  foanded  on  MBsr^ 
Dictionary,  and  arranged  aocorfingto  tkr  S^ 
tural  System.  By  George  DoorFX-S.  ta 
4vols.4to.    1638. 

D.  Don  Prod.  Kep.     David  Doa. 
Flore  Nepalensis.    Lond.  1S&.    Soadl  i 

D.  Don  MSS.    Professor  Doa*s  VSS. 

Donald's  Cat.   A  Cataloirue  of  Trees 
contained  in  Robert  Donald's 
Goldworth    NurseiTp    Wocing, 
Surrey.    Folio  sheet. 

Donii  Hort.  Can.    See  Damn  Bert. 

Donn  Hort.  Cantab,  Janes  Doaa,  Hortss  C^ 
tabriglensis :  or,  a  Catalogue  eC  Fiaota.  oo- 
genous and  foreign,  cultivated  in  the  Walkeria 
Botanic  Garden  at  Cambridge,  ^'x'"*^ 
1796.   8vo. 

DougL  MS.     \  Douglas's  MSS^  In  uimiiiln  d 

Douglas  MS.  S  the  Hort.  Soe.  of  Looden. 

DuMin  Soe.  Trans.  Transactions  of  tfce  Bitfi 
Society.    Dublin,  1800—1 81  a    6  v«ls.  «v^ 

Duby  et  Deeand.  Bot.  GaiUe.    See  bdow. 

Duby  and  DeCandolle^s  Botauieom  fTsffil  —  L 
E.  Duby  et  A.  P.  DeCandoUe,  BocaakoB  6» 
licum,  seu  Synopsis  Plantaruni  In  Flora  GaDa 
descriptarum.    Paris,  18S8 — 1830.    t  t«U.  9n. 

Duh.  Arb.  Fr.    SeeDu  Homers  Arbm. 

Du  HameFs  Arbres  Fruitters.     Tr^be  ^s  Ar- 
bres Fruitlers.  By  Henri  Louis  Dv 
Monceau.    Paris,  1768.   3  roU.  8vow 

Du  Ham.  Arb.  None.    See  DuJk.  Ed.  Ke 

Duh.  Ed.  None.  Du  Hamel's  Traltf  des  Artns 
et   ArbuBtes  qui  se  cultivcnt   en  France 

?leine  Terre.     A  new  edition.     By 
*aris.  181 1—1816.    5  vols.  fol. 
Dum.  BoL  Cult.    S«e  Botumste 
Dum.  Cours.    See  ibid. 
Dum.  Court.  Bot  Cult.    See  ibid. 
Dum.  Court.  Supp.    See  ibid. 

Dunal  Monog'   Mich.  Felix  Danal, ^_  _ 

de  la  Famille  des  .\noaace«s.   Pisris,  IslVrVta. 


LIST   OF   BOOKS    REFERRED   TO. 


1127 


l)ur.  Bourg.    Durande,  Flore  de  Bourgogne. 

Dijon,  1782.   2  vola.  8to. 
Du  Hoi  Harbk.    Job.  FhiL  Du  Rol,  Dio  Harb- 

kesche  wilde  Baumzucht.  Braunschweig,  1771, 

1772.   a  yob.  8vo. 


E. 


Eaton  Man.  Bat.  A  Manaal  of  Botany  for  the 
Northern  and  Middle  States  of  America.  Al- 
bany, 1824.   12mo. 

Ed.  Phil.  Joum.  Edinburgh  Philosophical 
Journal.  Conducted  by  Dr.  Brewster  and 
Professor  Jameson.  Edinb.  1819.-1824.  IOtoIs. 
8vo.  ContinuedbyProf.  Jameson  alone,  under 
the  same  name,  nom  1824 ;  and  from  1826, 
called  "  The  Edinburgh  New  Philosophical 
Journal."  Edinburgh,  1819,  and  oonttnued. 
8to. 

Eduf.  Omiih.  Natural  History  of  uncommon 
Birds,  and  of  some  other  rare  and  nndescribed 
Animals,  Quadrupeds,  Reptiles,  Fishes,  In- 
sects, Sec.  By  Geo.  Edwaras.  Lond.  1743— 
17&1.    4  Tols.  4to,  pi.  210. 

Ekret  Pict.  G.  D.  Ehret,  Plantar  et  Papiliones 
rariores.    Lond.  1748— 1799.  Fol. 

EArk.  Arbor.    See  Ehrh.  Seitr. 

Ekrh.  Beitr.  Friedrich  Ehrhart,  Beitrage  lur 
Naturkunde.  Hanover  et  Osnabruk,  1787— 
1792.  7  Tols.  8to. 

EUioU  FL  S.  Car.  A  Sketch  of  the  Botany  of 
South  Carolina  and  Georgia.  By  Steph. 
Elliott.  Charleston,  1821—1824.  2  vols.  Svo, 
pi.  12. 

EUiott  Joum.  Acad.  Sei.  Pkilad.  See  Joum. 
Aead.  Scien.  Phil. 

EU.  Sketch.    See  ElUatt  Ft.  S.  Car. 

En.  PI.    See  Encuc.  qfPlanU. 

Encffc.  Bot.    See  Lam.  Did.  Encyc. 

Encj/c.  qf  Cot.  Arch.  An  Encyclopaedia  of  Cot- 
tage, Farm,  and  Villa  Architecture,  Furniture, 
&c.  By  J.  C.  Loudon,  F.L.S.,  Ac.  Lcmd. 
1833.    8ro. 

Encyc.  qf  Oard.  An  Encyclopsedia  of  Gardoi- 
ing ;  comprising  the  Theory  and  Practice  of 
Horticulture,  Floriculture,  Arboriculture,  and 
Landscape-Gardening,  &c.  By  J.  C.  Loudon, 
F.L.S.,  &c.    Lond.  1836.    Ed.  3.  8to. 

Encyc.  qf  Plania.  An  Encyclopodla  of  Plants  ; 
comprising  the  Description.  Specific  Character, 
Culture,  History,  Application  in  the  Arts,  &c. 
By  J.  C.  Loudon.  F.L.S.,  &c.  Lond.  1831. 
New  ed.     1836.  8to. 

Eng.  Bot.  English  Botany.  By  Sir  J.  E.  Smith 
and  Messrs.  Sowerby.  Lond.  1790—1814. 
36  vols.  8to.  An  abridged  edition,  with  par- 
tlAlly  coloured  plates,  is  now  (1838)  pubUsb- 
ing. 

Eng.  Bot.  Swapl.  Supplement  to  the  English 
Botany  of  Sir  J.  E.  Smith  and  Messrs.  Sower- 
by ;  the  Descriptions,  ftc,  by  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker, 
LL.D.,  and  other  eminent  Botanists.  Lond. 
1831.    8to.    Continued. 

Eng.  Fl.    See  English  Flora. 

English  Flora.  English  Flora.  By  Sir  J.  E. 
Smith.    London,  1824— 182&  4  TOls.  8to. 

Enum.  Stirp.  Ruth.    See  Ammann  Stirp.  Ruth. 

Esch.  Mfm.  Acad.  Scienc.  Peters.  Eschscholts 
in  Mfanoires  of  the  Academy  of  Sciences  at  St. 
Petersburg. 

Essays  on  Natural  History.  By  Dr.  Walker. 
Loudon,  8to. 

E^ot.  Bot.    See  Smith's  Exot.  Bot. 

Ex.  Cent.  Jacobus  Breynlus,  Exoticarum  Plant- 
arum  Centurium.    Gcdani,  1678.  Fol. 


F. 

Fi^scA.  Wort.  Gorenk.  F.  Fischer,  Catalocue  du 
.lardln  des  Plantes  de  Gorenkl,  prds  de  Mosoou. 
1H08.   12mo. 

Fisch.  MSS.    Fischer's  MSS. 

PI.  Br.  Sir  J.  E.  Smith's  Flora  Britannica. 
Lond.  1800—1804.  3  to1«.  Sto. 


Fl.  Cab.   The  Floral  Cabinet.   By  G.  B.  Knowlai 

and  F.  Westcott.    London  and  Birmingham. 

1837,1838.   4to. 
Fl.  Dan.    See  Flora  Danica. 
Fl.  Fr.    See  Flore  Frangaise. 
Fl.  Gr.    See  Flor.  Gr^ca. 
Fl.  Hib.    See  Mackay  Fl.  Hibem, 
Fl,  Ind.  Oecid.    SwarU  (Olof),  Flora  Indlae  Oc- 

ddentalis.    Erlangen,  1797, 1800, 1806.   3  toU. 

8to. 
FL  Jap.    Sieboldts's  Flora  Japonlca. 
Fl.  Mex.  Icon.  ined.    Sesse  et  Moclno,  Flora 

Mezicana,  Icon.  ined.    Iconibus  ab  ipso  Sesse 

et  Cerrantesio  curatis  nondum  editis  usus  est 

Candolleus. 
Fl.  Hop.    See  Tenore's  Flora  Neapolitana. 
jn.  Wett.    Flora  der  Wetterau  Ton  G.  Gartner. 

By   Meyer  and    J.    Scherbius.      1799—1801. 

4toU.  8ro. 
FUtr.   Grmd.      Dr.    Sibthorp's    Flora    Graeca. 

Edited  by  Sir  J.  E.  Smith,  and  continued  by 

Sir  W.  J.  Hooker  and  Dr.  Llndley. 
Kara  Danica.    Flora  Danica,  sive  Icones  Plaiw 

tarum  sponto  nascentium  in  Regnis  Danise  et 

NorTegue,   ftc.     By  Vahl,  Homemann,   and 

MUller.    HafViise.  1762—1829.  9  toIs.  fol. 
Flora  Gr<Bca.    See  Flor.  Grtte. 
Flora  Lusitanica.    See  Brot.  Flor.  Lus. 
Flora  Me*,  ie.  and  MSS.     See  Fl.  Mex.  (com, 

ined. 
Flora  of  Berwick  upon  Tweed.    See  Johnston's 

Flora  qf,  ^c. 
Flora  Siletiaoa.    See  Krock.  Fl.  Sil. 
Flora  Taurico-Caueasica.     L.  B.  F.  Marschall 

de  Biebersteln,  Flora  Taurico>CaucasIca.  Char- 

koTlK,  1806.    8ro. 
Flore  Franqaise.   A.  P.  DeCandoIle  et  Lamarck, 

Flore  Fran^se.     Paris,  1805—1815.    6  toIs. 

8to. 
FlUege  Ann.  Mus.    Fliigge  in  Ann.  Mas.    See 

Atmales  du  Musie. 
Forsk.  JEgyp.  Deser.  See  Forskaol  Mgyp.  Arab. 
ForskaollSgyP'  Arab.    Petrus  Forskaol,  Flora 

.£gyptiaoo-ArabIca.    Hannite,  1775.  4to. 
Fragm.  Fl.  JtaL    See  Viv.  Fragm. 
Franklin's  First  Journey.    See  Franklin's  Nor- 

ratifte,  ^c. 
Franklin's  {Captain  John)  Narrative  qf  a  Jour. 

ney  to  the  Shores  qf  the  Polar  Sea  in  the  Years 

1819—1822.    Lond.  1823.    4to. 
Franklin's  Joum.  Append.     Apnendlx  to  the 

above,  on  various  Subjects  relatins  to  Natural 

History.     By  Dr.  Richardson  and  J.  Sabine, 

Esq.    Lond.  1823.    4to. 
Fras.  Cat.    See  Eraser's  Cat. 
Phaser's  Cat.    A  Catalogue  of  Plants  cultivated 

in  Eraser's  Nursery,  Chelsea. 
Frey.  Voy.    Freycenet's  Voyage. 
Fries  Novit.  E.  M.  Fries,  Novitiss  Flore  Suede*. 

Lunds,  1814.  4to. 
Fuehs  Hist.    Leonhard  Fuchs,  De  HistorU  Stir. 

plum  Commentarii  insignes.     Basilese,  1642. 

fol. 

G. 

Gtertn.fiL  Carp.    See  De  Fruei.  et  Sem. 

Gart.  Fr.    See  ibid. 

G^eri.  Sem.    See  ibid. 

Card.  Chron.  The  Gardener's  Chronicle  for 
1841. 

Gard.  Mag.  The  Gardener's  Magazine.  Con- 
ducted 1^  J.  C.  Loudon,  F.L.S.,  &c.  London, 
17  vols.  8vo,  to  1842.    Continued  monthly. 

Garid.  Aix.  P.  J.  Garldel.  Ulstoire  des  Plantes 
qui  naissant  aux  Environs  d'Aix.  Aix,  I7I5. 
2  vols.  fol. 

Gater.  Mont.  Gateran,  Description  des  Plantea 
qui  crolssent  aux  Environs  du  Montauban. 
Montauban,  1789.   8va 

Gen.  qfN.  Amer.  Plants.  Thomas  Nuttall,  The 
Genera  of  North  American  Plants,  and  a  Ca- 
talogueof  the  Species.  Philadelph.  1818.  2  vols. 
12mo. 

Gen.  PI.  Fl.  Germ.  Genera  Plantarum  Flora 
Germanica. 

Ger,  Em.    See  Ger.  Enuc.  App. 

^  4c  4 


1128 


LIST   OF   BOOKS    REFERRED    TO. 


Orr.  Emae.    See  G«r.  Emae.  App. 

Ger.  Emae.  Append.  John  Oenrd,  The  Herbal ; 
or.  General  Hiitory  of  Plants  gathered  by  John 
Oerard.  Lend.  1597.  fol.  Enlarged  by  John- 
ton,  1633. 

Ger.  GaUo.^rov.  Ludorlc  Oerarde,  Flora  Gallo- 
ProTlnclaliJ.    Parts,  1761 .    8to. 

Ger.  Pro9.    See  Qer.  Oallo-Prop. 

Gem.  Fate.  Oesner  (Conr.).  lilttorbe  Plantarum 
Fasciculus  quern  ex  Blbllotheca  C.  J.  Trew. 
edidit  C.  C.  Schmiedel.     Morimbergst,  1759. 

roi. 

Gem.  Epist,     Id.    Bpbtobe  Medidnalef.    4to, 

Wlttebergse,  1584 ;  tro.  Baatlic,  1691. 
Gem.  lean.  Fiet.    Id.,  Opera  Botanica  ex  Bibli- 

otheca  C.  J.  Trew.    Edidlc  et  prsBfatus  est  C. 

C.  SchmledeL    Norimb.  1761—1770.  folio. 
GOib.  Bot.  Fral.    Job.  Em.  Olllbert,  Hlstoire 

dee  Plantes  d'Europe;  ou  E'lfoiens  de  Bo- 

tanloue  pratique.    Lyoot,  1796,  8  TOla.  8to  ;  Sd 

ed.,  Lyons,  1806,  3  vols.  8to. 
G/Uies's  MSS.    Dr.  OIUIei'B  MSS. 
G.  M.    Sf>e  Gari.  Mag. 
GmeL  PI.  Bad.   Carol.  Christ.  Omelin,  Flora  Ba- 

densis-Alsatlca.  CarUruhss,  1806^1808.  StoIs. 

8vo. 
Gmel.  Fl.  Sibir.    Joh.  Oeore.  Gmelln,  Flora  SL 

birica.    Petropoll,  1747—1769.   4  rols.    4to. 
Gmel.  Itm.     Omelin  (J.  O.).  Trarels  through 

Siberia,  between  the  Years  1733—1743.     In 

German.    GSttingen,  1751,  176S.    8to. 
Gmel.  Sib.    See  Gmd.  FL  Sibir. 
Gmel.  Sysi.    Joh.  Frid.  Gmelin,  Caroll  Linnsl 

Systema  Naturae.     Logdunl,  1796L     10  rob. 

8to. 
GmeL  Svtt.  Feg.    See  GmeL  8y$t. 
Gorier  Ingr.  David  De  Oorter,  Flora  Tngiica 

ex    Schednlls   Steph.     Kraschenlnlkow,   fro. 

PetropoU,  1761.  8to.    Appendix,  1764. 
Gouan  Fl.  Motup.     Ant.  Gouan,  Flora  Monspe- 

liaca.    Lugdnni,  1769.  8to. 
Gotum  Hori,    Id.,  Hortus  Regius  Monspeliensis, 

slstens  Plantas  turn  indigenas  turn  exotlcas,  &c. 

Lugduni,  I76S.  8to,  pi.  4. 
Gouan  III.  Id..  Illustratlonei  Botanlcse.  Tigori, 

1778.  fol. 
Gouan  Moiu.    See  Gowm  Fl.  Motup, 
Grm/*s  Arr.    Natural  Arrangement  of  British 

Plants,  according  to  their  Relations  to  each 

other,  as  pointed  out  by  Jussieu,  DeCandolle, 

Brown,  ftc,  including   those   cuItiTated   for 

use ;  with  an  Introduction  to  Botany,  in  which 

the  Terms  newly  introduced  are   explained. 

By  S.  F.  Gray.     London,  1891.    9  vols.  8to. 

pi.  ai. 
Gronov.  et  Walt.  Fl.  Car.    See  FL  Caroliniana. 
Gronov.  Firg.    J.  Fred.  Gronorlus,  Flora  Vlr- 

ffinica  exhibens  Plantas  quas  J.  Clayton  In 

VlrginiA  colleKit.  Lugd.  Bat.  1743, 4to ;  Ed.  9., 

Lugd.  Bat.  1769, 4to. 
Gutmp.  Abb.  Hotx.    T.  Gulmpel,  Abbildung  der 

deutschen  Holzarten   fUr  Torvtmiinner   und 

Liebhaber  der  Botanik.     Berlin,  1815—1890. 

9to1s.  4to,  pl.916. 
GUld.  Ilin.    Guldenstadt  (T.  A.),  Reisen  durch 

Russland,  und  in  caucasischen  Gebirge,  her- 

ausegegeben  Ton  P.L.Pallas.      St.Petersb. 

1787.    4to. 
OuMtone  PI.  Rar.    Ja  Gussone,  Plants  rariores 

per   Reglones    Samnii    ac    Aprutil  collectse. 

NeapoU,1826.    4to,  pl.66. 


H. 


Jhgnke  Beob.    Thadaeus  Hsnke,  Beebacbtvngen 

auf  Reisen   nach   dem    Riesen-gcbirge,   &c. 

Dresden,  1791.   4to. 
Hall.  Helv.    Albert  Von  Haller,  Historia  Stir- 

plum  indigenarum  HelTetisi.     Bernae,  1768. 

8  vols.  fol. 
HaU.  Hit.    See  Hatt.  Helv. 
Mam.  MSS.    See  Hamit.  MSS. 
HamiL  MSS.    Hamilton  MSS. 
Haworth  Suppl.    A.  H.  Haworth,  Supplemen- 


tum  FlantaraiA>  s^cculenlanBB.    Lood.  18lf 
8?o. 
Haw,  8m>.  PL  Sue,    See  Hawartk 
HagtteAbbOd,    SeeHa^neJ* 
Hamte  Abbild.  der  deut.  Holt. 
deutschen    Holsarten    fQr   F 
Liebhaber   der  Botanik, 
F.  Guimpel,  entworfen  und 
C.  L.  WflldeDOW,  in  letstrer  R 
letst  TOD  F.  G.  Hayne.    Betiin,  IOOl    4t». 
JETiiyMeDas.   8eeir«Mr*« 
Hayne  Den^.    See  ttrfd. 
Hmyne'e  Dendrohgiscke  Flora 
flora,  oderBaschreUMmff  der  in 
Im  ftneien  ausdanemden  Holaese* 
Dr.  T.  G.  Hayne.    Berlin,  1A93.    S 
H.  B.  et  Kmntk  Nov.  Gen.  J^ 
Bonplaud,  et  KunCh,  Nora 
Piantarom.    Paris,  1815— 1B96.    7  vob. 
Hedw,  P.  Gen.     D.  J.  Uedwte.  Filicam 

et  Spedei.    Lips.  1799.    FoUo.  pi.  6. 
Hem,  Din.    See  Herm.  Din. 
Herb.AnunylL  The  Hon.  and  Rer.  W. 

Amarrlllaacese. 
Herb.Hanke.   Hcnke'a  HcriMiioB. 
Herb.  Un.  Soc.   The  Hon.  and  Rev.  W. 
ftn  the  Linnean  Society's  Tnatatiiatm, 
Herm.  Din.    B.  F.  Hennaan,   Dm*,  de 

Argentorati,  1769.    4to. 
Herm.LMgdb.  Paulua  Hermann,  Fl' 
Batava  Flofes,  ed.  L.  Zmnbacfa. 
1690.    8to. 
Hem,  Me*.    See  Hem,  Me*.  Icon. 
Hem.  MeM,  Icon.     Hemandes   (F.  G.\ 
Plantarum,  Animritum.  et  Minenllaaa 
canorum  Hictoria :  a  N.  A.  Reccfao  ia 
digesta,  a  J.T.J.Fabro,  et  F.ColuBma.LyBeiii. 

Notls  et  Additionibos  Ulustrata.     •* *-" 

foUo. 
Histoireda  CktnetdeFAmfriqme. 

HiMUrire  dee  Chinee,  Ac. 
Histoire  dn  CkSna  de  fAmiriqme 

SeelblcL 
Hqfln.Hitt.Sal.    Sec  Hqfflm.  SaL 
Hqffln.  Sai.     Georg.  Frans  Hoftnaan. 

Salicum  Iconlbas  IQustr.    Lipslae.  17SS. 
Haginaiueiu  FL  Port.    Tfolftnanarm  ct 
nore  Portugaiae.  Rostoch  et  BerHn,  IflBi 
Hook.  Bot.  Mitcei.   Botanica]   MiiceilanT 
taining  Figures  and  Descriptions  <^aiin 
as  recommend  thcms^res  br  cbeir  Sovcfer. 
Rarity,  or  Historr.    By  Sir'W.  J. 
London,  1830l-]88S.    S  toIs.  Rvo. 
Hook.  Bot.  Comp.    See  Cram.  JSW-  Mmrn. 
Hook,  W.  Jack.  Comp.  Bot.  Jftf.     S««  Ibid. 
Hook,  Sritiek  Flora,    British  Flota 
the  Phsnogamoos  or  Flowering  Planta, 
Ferns.    Id.    Lond.  1830—1833.   9  toU.  8vo. 
Hook.  Be.  Fl.    Exotfc  Flora.    Id.     Edlnb.  ISS 

—1897.    3  Tols.  8to,  ^  239. 
Hook.  Fl,  Bor.  Amer.  Flora  BorveU  Aamiena: 
compiled  principally  from  the  Plants  ooUectol 
on  the  Northern  Lud  ExpetUtkn 
mand  of  Gapt.  Sir  John  Ranklin. 
1899—1834.    4to. 
Ho<A.  Fl.  Seotiea,    Flora  Seotiea ;  or.  a 
tion  of  Seottish  Plants,  arranged  both 
to  artificial  and  natural  MetSoda.  Id. 
1821.    Sro. 
Hook.  Land.    Cortis's  Flora 
tinned  by  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker.     Lond.  fid.   See 
Curt  Lond. 
Hook.  Scot.    See  Hook.  FL  Seotiea. 
Horn.  Hort.  B^.  Htff.  J.W.Homenaann,  Hottns 
Regius  BotankUB  Haftiienala.      Hafiii*,  18JX 
8to. 
Hom.  Hort.  Hqfk.  SnpmL    J.  W.  HoracsBaan, 
Horti  RegUBotanid  Hamlensia  TiirnJaimiiiisi 
Hafhise,  1819.    19mo. 
Hort.  AngL    Hortus  Angiicas  ;  or,  the  Modan 
English  Flower.Garden,  ftc.  By  the  Aacbar  of 
the  British  Botanist.    Lonr 
8to. 
Hort.  Belee.    Horticoltaor  Beige.    A 

Gardening  Journal 
Hort.  Brit.  Hortus  Brftaankoa.  A  Guatofae  af 
all  the  Planu  Indigenous,  cnMvaled  in,  «r  te> 


FoL 


Id. 


idon,18S.    9  mis. 


1 


LIST   OF   BOOKS    REFERRED    TO. 


1129 


traduced  to,  Britain.  Edlled  by  J.  C.  Loudon, 
F.L.S.,  &c.    Loud.  1880.    8vo. 

Eort.  aiff:  Caroliu  Linnaus.  Hortiu  CUlfor- 
tianus.    Axnsterd.  1737.    fol. 

Hofi.  Dur.  Hortos  DurorernU ;  being  a  Cata- 
logue of  Plants  cultivated  and  sold  in  the  Can- 
terbury Nunerj,  1881. 

Hort.  Eric.  Wobum.  Hortus  Srloeua  Woburn- 
entis.    London,  1824. 

JRort,  Ey$t.    See  Betl.  Eptt. 

Hon.  Kew.    8ee  AU.  Hort.  Kew. 

Hort.  Par.    Hortus  Farisiends.  ' 

Hart,  ScAonbr.    Hortui  ScbonbarneniiB. 

Hort.  Soe.  Cat.  qf  Fndtt.  Catalogue  of  FralU 
cultivated  in  the  Garden  of  the  London  Horti- 
cultural SodetT.    Lond.  18S6.    8to. 

Hort.  Trant.  Traaaactions  of  the  London  Hor- 
ticultural Society.  Lond.  1815—1831.  7  volt. 
4to.  Neiv  series  commenced  in  1831 ,  and  con- 
tinued. 

Horttu  CarltrtUkamu.  Hortus  Carlsruhanus, 
Oder  VerzeichnisB  sammtlicher  Gewacbsd,  &c. 
Herausgegefaeo  von  Garten-inspector  Hartweg. 
Carlsruhe,  J  825.  8vo. 

Host  Anieit.  See  Anleit.  die  Baume  und 
StrUu^e  OaterreidUy  4^. 

HouUGemeh^auUckeAnteiimng.^c.    See  ibid. 

Hott  Fl.  Attstr.    See  Ho$V»  Fl.Amtr. 

Hosfs  Fl.  Attttr.  N.  T.  Host,  Flora  Aostriaca. 
Vienn.  1827—1831.    2  Tola.  8vo. 

HotVs  Sal.  Atutr.   Host's  SaUx.  Vienna,  folio. 

Huds.  Pi.  Angl.  William  Hudson,  Flora  Anglica. 
Lond.  1762,  1  vol.  8vo;  Ed.  8.,  Lond.  1778. 
2  vols.  8vo. 

Humb.  et  Bonpl.  PI.  Equm.  Alexand.  F.  H.  von 
Humboldt  et  Bonpland,  Plantes  ^ulnoxiales. 
Paris,  1808—1816.    2  vols.  fol. 

Hmmb.  et  Bonpl.  Nov.  Oen.  et  Sp,  PL  See  H.B. 
et  Kunth  Nov.  Gen.  Sfc. 

Hunt.  Evel.  Syl.     See  Hunter^t  Eveijfn. 

Hunter's  Evelyn.  Evelyn's  Silva,  with  Notes. 
By  A.  Hunter,  M.  D.   York,  1776.    2  vols.  4to. 


L 


Icon.  Ear.   See  Jacq.  Icon.  Ear. 

Iconographia  Rtutica.  Iconographla ;  or,  the 
Nobleman,  Gentleman,  and  Gardener's  Recre- 
ation, Ac.  By  Stephen  Switzer.  Lend.  1718. 
3  vols.  8vo. 

Index  Plantarum  Agri  Er/ordiensis.  By  J. 
Planer.    Gotbse,  1788.    8vo. 

Itin.  Curios.  Stukely  (W.^,  Itinerarlum  Curl- 
osnm ;  or,  an  Account  of  the  Antiquities  and 
Remarkable  Curiosities  observed  in  Travels 
through  Great  Britain.  100  plates.  Lond. 
1724.   fol. 


J. 


Jac.  Sc.    See  Jacq.  Hort.  Schon. 

Jac.  Amer.  Jacqtiin  N.  J.  Stirpium  America- 
narum  Historia.    1763.  fol. 

Jacq.  Austr.  N.J.  von  Jacquin,  Florse Austriaca^ 
slve  PlsAitarum  sdectarum  in  Austrise  Archl- 
ducatu  sponte  crescentium  Icones,  ad  vivam 
coloratse,  et  Descriptionibus  ac  Synonymls  il- 
lustrate. ViennsB.  1778—1778.  6  vols.  fol. 
pi.  200. 

Jacq.  Aust.  Append.    See  Jacq.  Auttr. 

Jacq.  Col.  la..  Collectanea  ad  Botanicum,  Ac, 
spectaotia.  Vindobonse,  1786—1790.  4  vols. 
4to.    Vol.  V.  sive  Supplcmentum.  1796. 

Jacq.  et  Boccone  in  Schousb.  Mar.  Schousboe 
(P.  K.  A.),  lagttagelser  over  vcxtriget  i  Ma- 
rocco.  Ktobenhaon,  1800 ;  ed.  Germ.  Leipzig, 
1801.  4to. 

Jacq.  Frag.  N.  J.  von  Jacquin,  FragmenU 
BoUnica.    Vienna,  1800— 1809.    fol. 

Jacq.  Hort.  .Schon.  Id.,  Plantarum  rarlomm 
Horti  Caesarei  Schoenbrunensis.  Vienna,  1797 
—1804.    4  vols.  fol.  _.    , 

Jacq.  Hort.  Vin.  Id.,  Hortus  Botanlcus  Vindo- 
boneusis.   Vhidobons,  1770— 1776.    3  vols.  fol. 


Jacq.  Icon.    See  Jacq.  Icon.  liar. 

Jacq.  Icon.  Ear.  Id.,  Icones  Planurum  rariorum. 
Vlndobonse,  1781—1793.    3  vols.  fol. 

Jacq.  Misc.  Id.,  Miscellanea  Austriaca  ad  Bota- 
.nkam,  ete.,  spectantia.  Vlndobonse,  1778—1781. 
2  vols.  4to. 

Jacq.  Obs.  Id.,  Observatlones  Botanies.  Vln- 
dobonse, 1764—177 1 .    4  fasG.  foL 

Jacq.  Vind.    See  Jacq.  Hort.  Vin. 

Jdkntion't  {Dr.}  Flora  qf  BerwMt  upon  Tweed. 
Flora  of  Berwidi  upon  Tweed.  By  G.  John- 
ston, D.D.  1829  and  1831.  2vols.8vo.  Vol.1, 
containing  the  Phsnogamous,  and  Vol.  II.  the 
Cryptogamous,  Plants. 

Joknson*s  Gerard.    See  Ger.  Em, 

Joum.  de  Fhytiqme.  Paris,  1773',  and  continued. 
4to. 

Juss.  Asm,  du  Mus.  Jussieu  in  Annales  du 
Mus6e. 

Juss.  Gen.  Antonie-Laurent  de  Jussieu,  Genera 
Plantarum.    Paris,  1789.    8vo. 

Juu.  Gen.  ed.  Ustert.  Id.,  Ditto  ed.  Usteri. 
Turict,  1791.    8vo. 

Juss.  Mini.  Mus.  Jussieu  in  the  M^moires  du 
Museum  d'Hlstoire  Naturelle.    Paris. 


K. 

Kamp.  Ameen.  Exoticte.  Engelbert  Ksraipfer, 
Amcenitatum  Bxotlcarum  Politico-Phy&ico-Me- 
dicarum  Fascicvdl  quinque,  &c.  Lemgow,  1712. 
4to. 

Kalm  Ameen.    See  Ameen.  Acad, 

KalmU.  Kalm  (P.).  Travels  into  North  Ame- 
rica. Translated  by  J.  Forster.  Loud.  1770, 
1771.    8va 

Ker  Bot.  Reg.    See  Bot.  Reg. 

Key  to  Structural,  Physiological,  and  Systematic 
Botany.    See  Lindley's  Key. 

Knoop  Pomol.  Joh.  Herm.  Knoop,  Pomologia. 
Ed.  HoU.,  Leeuwanlen,  17&8 ;  Ed.  GaU.,  Am- 
sterdam, 1771.    fol. 

Kjoch^s  Comm,  De  Salidbus  Europaeis  Com- 
mentatlo.  Anctore  G.  D.  J.  Koch.  Erlangen, 
1828.    12mo. 

Krock.  FL  Sa.  Ant.  Job.  Krocker,  Flora  Slle- 
siaca  renovata.  Vratislarise,  1787—1790.  2  vols. 
8vo. 

Krock.  Sites.    See  Krock.  Fl.  Stl. 

Kth.  Nov.  Sp.  Amer.  See  H.  B.  et  Kunth  Nov. 
Gen.,  Ac. 

Kunth  Gen.  Tereb.  Kunth,  Tereblnthacearum 
Genera.  (Ann.  des  Sciences  Nat.  torn,  ii.) 

Kunth  Nov.  Gen.  Am.  See  H.  B.  et  Kunth  Nov. 
Gen.9  ^. 


L. 

Lab.  PI.  Syr.  Dec.  See  LabiOard.  Ic.  Plant.,  Sfc. 
Labi/LPLSyr.    See  ibid.  ' 

LabiUard.  U.  Plant.  Syr.  Jac.  Jul.  Lablllardidre, 

Icones  Plantarum  Syriss  rariorum.   Decades  v. 

Paris,  1791—1812.    6  vols.  4to. 
Lag.  Gen.  et  Spec.    Mar.  Lagasca,  Genera  et 

Species  Plantarum  quse  aut  novc  aut  nondum 

rectd  cognoscuntur.    Madriti,  1816.    4to. 
Lam.  Diet.    See  Lam.  Diet.  Eneyc. 
Lam.  Diet.  Encyc.     Jean  Bapt.  Monet  de  la 

Marck,  EncyclopMle  Methodioue  Botanique. 

Paris,  1788—179^.    4  vols.  4to.    Vol.  V.  etseq. 
Lam.FLFr.    Id.    See  Flore  Frangaise 
Lam.  III.    Id.,  Illustrations  des  Genres.    2  vols. 

of  text,  and  906  pis. 
Lam.  HI.  Gen,    See  Lam.  HI. 
Lamb.  Gen.  Pin.  See  Lambert's  Monograph,  S^c. 
Lamb.  Pin.,  ed.  2.    See  ibid. 
Lambert's  Monograph  qf  the  Genus  Pimts.    A 

Description  of  the  Genus.  Plnus.    By  Aylmer 

Bourke  Lambert,  Esq.,  F.R.S.,Pres.  Linn.  Soc., 

&c.    London,  1882.    2  toIs.  8vo. 
Lanth  Ac.    Lanth  (Th.),  DlsscrUtio  de  Acere. 

Strasburg,  1781.    4to.  „      ,     « 

Lap.  Hist,  des  PL  des  Fyrinfes.    See  La  Peyr. 

Abr. 


1130 


LIST   OF  BOOKS   REFERRED  TO. 


Lapet/r.  Abr.    See  Wow. 

Jta  Ptyr.  Abr.  Philippe  PIcot  de  la  Peyrouse, 
Histoire  abr£gte  dei  Flantea  des  Pyr^n^es. 
Toulouse,  1813.    8vo. 

La  Peyrtnue  Supp.  Ft.  Pyren.  Id.,  Supplement 
to  tiie  Abore.    Toulouse. 

Lmtdcr'M  Gilpin,  Gilpin's  Forest  Scenery. 
Edited  by  Sir  Tlioi.  Dick  Lauder.  Edinburgh, 
1834.    2  Tols.  8vo. 

Lawr.  Roa.  A  Collection  of  Roses  from  Nature. 
By  Hiss  Lawrence.    London,  1799.    fol. 

Laws.  Man.    See  Agric.  Manual, 

ZjMtp$an*M  Manual.    See  ibid. 

Larm,  Arad,  Pet.    SteLaxm,  Kov.  Act.  Pet. 

Laxm.  Nov.  Act.  Pet.  Laxraan  in  Nova  Acta 
Acad.  Petr.    See  Xova  Acta^  Sfe. 

i>  Bon  Jardt'nier.    See  Bon  Jard. 

Le  BotaniMte  CuUfvateur.  See  Botaniste  CuUi- 
vaieur. 

Led  Ft.  Ro9t,  Alt,  IlL    See  Led.  Icon.  ^. 

Led.  Icon.  PI.  Fl.  Rots,  C.  F.  Ledebour,  Iconcs 
Plantanim  novarum  rel  imperfecte  cogniurum, 
Kloram  Rossicani,  imprimis  Altaicam,  illus. 
trmnte*.    Rigv,  frc.,  1829.    fol.  pi.  100. 

Ledeb.  Ind.  Hort,  Dorp.  Suppl.  Ledebour,  Sup- 
plement to  the  Catalogue  of  Plants  in  Dorpat 
Garden  for  1894. 

T^.  Mem,    See  Dee.  T^g.  Mem. 

Lekm.  Pot.  Diss.  J.  G.  C.  Lehman,  Mono- 
fnM>l^  Generis  Potentillarum.  Lipsiae,  1820. 
4t0. 

Lenwn'ere's  Class.  Diet.  Lemprlere's  Classical 
Dictionary.    London,  1792.    8to. 

LessinfCs  Synopsis  Generum  Compositarum.  Be- 
rolini,  1882.    8vo. 

L*mr.  SU'rp,  Nov.    See  VHMt.  Stirp,  Kop. 

L'Htrit.  Com,  C.  L.  L'H£ritier,  Comus  seu 
Specimen  Botanicum,  &c.    Paris,  1788.    fol. 

VHiHt.  Hort.  Par.  L'Hfcriticr  in  Hortus  Parl- 
siensls. 

VHMt.  Sert.  Id.,  Sertum  Angllcum  scu  Plan- 
tie  rariores,  &c.  Pariu,  178«.  fol. 

VHirit.  Stirp.  Nov.  Id.,  Stirpes  norse  ant  mi- 
nus cognitse.   Paris,  1784,  178^.    6  fasc.  fol. 

Lightf.  Scot.  Flora  Scotica;  or,  a  Systematic 
Arrangement,  in  the  Linntean  Method,  of  the 
native  Plants  of  Scotland  and  the  Hebrides. 
By  John  Lightfoot.  London,  1777,  2  vols.  8to; 
2d  ed.  1789. 

Lin.  Amten.    See  Lin.  Ameen.  Acad, 

Lin.  Amun,  Acad.  Carolus  Lhmseut  s.  Von 
lAroik,  Amoenitates  academics,  seu  Diss,  an- 
tehac  seorsim  editse.  Holmis  et  Lipslse,  1749 
et  soq.,  10  Tols.  8to  :  ed.  2..  Holmise,  1762  et 
seq. ;  od.  3.,  cur.  J.  C.  D.  Schrebero,  Erlangae, 
17W— 1790. 

Linn.  Diss.  Linnaei  Dissertatio  Academlca  de 
Erica.    Upsali*,  1770.   4to. 

Lin.JU.  Sum.  Carolus  Linnseus  filius,  Supple-t 
mentum  riantarum.  Brunsrigss,  1781.    8vo. 

Lin.  Fl.  Lapp.  Carolus  Linnvus,  s.  Von  Linn6, 
Flora  Lapponica.  Amstelodami,  1737,  8to; 
ed.  S.,  cur.  J.  E.  Smith,  Eq.,  Londini,  17U2. 

Lin.  Fl.  Suec.    See  Flora  Sueeiea. 

Lin.  Gen.  Carolus  Linnseus,  Genera  Plantarum. 
Leldse.  1737  ;  ed.  2.,  Leidae,  1742 ,  ed.  3., 
Leidtt,  17fi2 ;  ed.  4.,  Holmlas,  17M ;  ed.  fi., 
Holmise,  1764;  ed.  6.,  Vlenn*.  1767;  ed.  7.. 
cur.  J.  J.  Reichard,  Francof.  Msen.  1778 ; 
each  I  vol.  8to  i  ed.  8.,  cur.  J.  C.  D.  Schreber, 
Francof.  M«n.  1789—1791,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Lin.  Gen.  PI.  ed.Schreber.  See  Lin.Gen.,  td.  8. 

JJn.  Hort.  Cliff"-  Carolus  Linnaeus,  Hortus  Clif- 
fortianus.  Amstelodami,  1737.    foL 

Lin,  Hort.  Ups.  Id.  Hortus  Upsaliensis.  Stock- 
holm, 1748.    8vo. 

Lin.  Mant.  Id.,  Mantissa  Plantarum  altera. 
Holm.  1771.    8to. 

Lin.  Mat.  Med.  Id.,  Materia  Medica.  Hohnlae, 
1749.    Ed.  Schreber,  1772. 

Lin.  Sp.    See  Un.  Sp.  Plan. 

Lin  Sp.  Plan.  Carolus  Linnaeot,  Species  Plan- 
tarum, Ed.  1.,  Holmiae,  1783,  2to1s.  8vo  ;  ed. 
S.,  Holmic,  1762,  1763,  9  vols.  8to  ;  ed.  3.. 
Vindobonc,  1764 ;  ed.  4.,  br  J.  J.  Helchard, 
FrancoC  Maen.  1779t  1780,  4  Tola.  8vo  j  ed.  5., 


by  C.  L.  WlUdeoow,  BeroUni,  1797— 1810^  S 

Tols.  8to. 
lUn.  SuppL    See  Lin.JlL  St^p^ 
Lin.  Syst.    See  Lin,  ^fsL  Nat 
Lin,Syst,  Nat.    Linnaetaa  (Cazl),  SyttOBaKa- 

tur».    Lugd.  Bat.  1736.    folio. 
Lin.  Syst,  Veg,    J.  A.  lAvarmj,  C.  UkvamA  Sf^ 

tema  Vegetabilium.  Gottincae  et  Gotlue»  1741 ; 

Gottingae,   1784;  PariaiU,  J79S. 
Lin.  Trans,    Transactions  of  the  UnTigm  8^ 

ciety  of  London.    London,   1791,  and  ooaiC^ 

nued.    17  vols.  4lo. 
LindL  Hort.  Trans.    Dr.  Lindley  in  dw  Ifarti- 

cultural    Society's   Transactions.    See 

Trans. 
Lindl.  InJtrod.  to   N,  S.    See  Liadley's 

dueUon  to  the  Natstral  SyUems^ 
Lindl,  JJn.  Trans,  Dr.  Lindlcr  in  the 

Society's  Transactions.    See  Xm.  Trms 
Lindl,  MSS.    Dr.  Lindl^'s  MSS. 
LindL  Nat.  Syst.  of  BoL    See  UrndtetTs 

ducflon  to  Ike  Natural  Siusteus. 
Lindl.  Ros.  Mon,    Dr.  Ltndlef,  Roeannn 

graphia.    London,  1820.  8to. 
Lindl.  Synops.    Id.,  A  Srnopda  of  the  Brkiih 

Flora,  &c.    London,  ls29 ;  ed.  2.^  l£3Si,  small 

8vo. 
Lindley*s  Tnlroduelion  to   the  Naimrml  Sfstem. 

Id.,  An  Introduction  to  the  Natoral  Stsccb  tf 

Botanv.    London,  1830  ;  ed.  S.  ISS-'i   tsm. 
Lindley's  Key.    Id.,  A  Key  to  Skmctaral.  Fhy- 

Biological,  and  Systematic  Botany,  for  the  vie 

of  Classes.    By  Dr.   Lindley.    F.B.S.,   Ac. 

London,  183.t.    8to. 
Link  Enum.  H.  F.  Link,  Enuaentio 

Horti  RegiiBotanici  Bcrollnenaia 

1821,  1822.    2toU.8to. 
Link  et  Otto  AbbUd.    See  AbbUd.  der 

Holxarten, 
Link  Bcrl.  Abkand.    See  Abkand.  Acad.  SeH. 
Link  Jakrb.    H.  F.  Link,  JahrbOcker  dor  Ge> 

wachskunde.    Berlin,  1820.    8to. 
Linn^ea.    F.  L    Von  Schlechtendahl,  Lii 

ein  Journal  fur  die  Botanik  in  ihrem 

Umfange.    Berlin  and  HaUe,   1  (OS— IMS.    M 

Tols.  8?o.    Continued. 
Linntean   Correspondence.    A  Selection  ef  the 

Correspondence  of  Linnaeus  and  &ther  Nats- 

raliftts  from  the  Original  Manuscriuta.    By  Sir 

J.  E.  Smith.    London,  1821.    S  Tob.  >>ro. 
Litt.  Dec.  Prod,    Information  commnoicaKed  iff 

letter  to  DeCandolle's  Prodromus. 
Litt.  Trot.  Arck.    See  Trat.  Arch. 
Literary  Panorama.    A  weekly  periodicnL  La- 
don,  1815. 
Lob.  Adv.    See  VObePs  Adversawia. 
Lob.  Icon.  Mathlas  De  Lobel  se«i  Lobdios,  Ser> 

pium  Icones.    Antrerpl*.  1591.    4to. 
VObeVs  Adversaria.    Id.,  SUrpium  Advetsatia 

nova,  &c    London,  1605.    fol. 
Lodd.  Bot.   Cab.    The  Botanical   CabincC    By 

Conrad  Loddiges  and  Sons.    London,  lftI7— 

1834.  20  vols.  12mo  and  4to. 
Lodd.  Oat.    A  Catalogue  of  Plants,  te.,  in  the 

Hackney  EsUblishroent.    By  Messrs.  Lodtf- 

ges.    Published  annually,    lano. 
Li^.  Iter,    Ixeflinc,  Iter  Hispanicnm. 
Loet.  Pruss.    Joh.   Loeselius,   Flora 

Regiomonti,  1703.  4to. 
Lois.  Fl.  Gall.    Loiseleur  Deslongchanipt,  Fkn 

Gallica.  ParistU,  1806, 1807.  2  Tob.  I  Si 
Lois.  Herb.  Amat.  Id.,  in  Herhier  de  PAi 

a  French  periodical. 
Lois.  Not.    Id.,  Notice  sur  les  Plantes  h 

i  la  Flore  de  France.    Paris,  1810.  Bto. 
Lois.  Nouv.  Diet.  Loiseleur  des  LonfdMaps  (J. 

L.   A.  M.),  NouTcau  DicClonuaire  d'HkMB* 

Naturelle.   1816.  continued.    36to1s. 
Loudon* s  H.  B.  See  Hort.  Brit. 
Lour.  Cock.    Joannes  De  Lonrein\  Fkm  Qh 

chinchinensis.    UiTsslpone,  1790,  2Tols.4tD; 

ed.  2.,  cur.  C.  L.  Wilidenow,    Berolial,  I79S, 

2  Tois.  8vo. 
Lowlk*s  Tram.    New  Translation  of  Isaiah,  he 

By  the  Rev.  R.  Lowth.    London,  1791.  11 
Xjfoss  Herb.    Lyon's  HertMirtam. 


LIST   OF   BOOKS    REFERRED    TO. 


1131 


jr. 

Maekny  Fl.  Hibem.    See  Maekaff*$  Irish  Flora. 

Jdnckay's  Flora  Htbemica.    See  ibid. 

Mackiijf^s  Irish  Flora,  Flora  Hiberntca ;  Gom- 
prisinR  the  Flowering  PUinta,  Fenxs,  Chara- 
cca»,  MuBcI,  IIepatlc«,  Lichenes,  and  Algie 
of  Ireland,  *c.  By  J.  T.  Mackay,  M.R.I.A.. 
&c.    Dublin.  1836.    8vo. 

Mackav't  List  of  Irish  PlatUs.  A  Catalogue  of 
X\xe  Piaats  found  in  Ireland,  with  Descriptions 
of  some  of  rarer  sorts.    Id.  Dublin.  1625.  4to. 

Magn.  Bot.    See  Magnol  Bot. 

Magn.  Monsp.  Id.,  Hortiis  Regius  Monspell- 
ensis.     Monroetii,  1G97.    8vo. 

Magnol  Bot.  Petrus  Magnol,  Bobmlcon  Mons- 
peliense.    Monspelii,  1686.    12mo. 

JidUtnt.    See  IJn.  Mant.  __ 

Mamoek's  FL  Mag.  Maraock's  (R)  Florlcul- 
tural  Magazine  and  Miscellany  of  Gardening. 
Lond  1836.    In  monthly  Nos.Sto.  • 

Marsh.  Arbust.    See  Marsh.  Arh.  Amer. 

Marsh.  Arb.  Amer.  Humphry  Marshall,  Ar- 
bustum  Amerlcanum :  the  American  Gro?e, 
&c.    Phlladelph.  1785.    8to. 

Marsh.  Plant.    See  Marshall,  Ac 

Marshall  on  Planting  and  Sural  Ornament. 
Planting  and  Rural  Ornament,  &c.  Lond. 
1786,  1  yol.  8vo ;  ed.  2.,  Lond.  1796,  3  vols.  8vo. 
Mr.  Marshall's  name  is  not  put  to  either  ed. 

Mart.  FL  Bust.  Flora  Rustlca.  By  Thomas 
Martyn.     Lond.  1792—1794.  4  rols.  8to. 

Mart.  Mill.    See  Martyn's  Miller^s  Dictionary. 

Martyn's  Mill.    See  ibid. 

Martyn's  MitUfs  Dictionary.  Gardener's  Dic- 
tionary ;  or,  a  complete  System  of  Horticul- 
ture. By  Philip  Miller,  F.RS.  Lond.  1769, 
3  vols.  fol. ;  improved  edition,  edited  by  Pro- 
fessor Martyn,  Lond.  1807,  4  vols.  fol. 

Matth.  Comm*    See  Maith.  Hist. 

Matth.  Hist.  Matthioli  (P.  A.),  Commentarla  In 
Dioscoridem  de  Materia  Medici.  Venice,  1558. 
fol. 

Matih.  Valgr.  Matthioli  Opera  qtUB  extant  om- 
nia, edldit  C.  Bauhin.    France,  1598.    fol. 

MatuuVs  Botanic  Garden.  The  Botanic  Garden ; 
or,  Magazine  of  Hardy  Flowerine  Plants  cul- 
tivated In  Great  Britain.  By  B.  Maund,  Esq., 
F.  L.  S.    Begun  in  1824.  and  continued  monthly. 

MauwCs  Botanist.  The  Botanist,  a  Monthly 
Periodical  conducted  by  B.  Maund,  F.L.S.,  &c. 

Med.  Gesch.  Medicus  (F.),  Geschlchte  der  Bo- 
tanik  unterer  Zeiten.    Munich,  1793.    8vo. 

Medical  Botany.  See  Stephenson  and  OturchUTs 
Medical  Botany. 

Meerb.  Icon.  Kicol.  Meerburg,  Plantarum  se- 
lectarura  Icones  nictie.     Lugo.  Bat.  1798.  fol. 

Mim.  de  la  Russie  Miridionale.    By  Descemet 

Mim.  Mus.  Mt^moires  du  Mus6um  d'Histoire 
Naturelle.    Paris,  1816,  1816.   4to. 

Mem.  Soc.  Imp.  Mosq.  See  Mhn.  Soc.  Imp.  Nat. 
Mosc. 

Mhn.  Soc.  Imp.  Nat.  Mosc.    M§molre«  de  la  So- 
ciety Imp^rlale  des  Natnralistes  de  Moscou. 
Moscow,  from  1785.    4to. 
Mem.  Soc.  Phys.  Gen.    M^molre  do  la  Society 
Physique  de  Gcndve. 

Mem.  Wem.  Soc.    Memoirs  of  the  Wernerian 
Natural  History  Society.   Edinburgh,  181 1 ,  and 
continued.    8vo. 
Mimoire  sur  les  Chenes.   Louis  Bosc,  M£moires 
sur   les   diCr&rentes  Espdces   de  Ch6nes   qui 
croissent  en  France.    Paris,  1808.    4to. 
Mhnoires  sur  les  Coniferes.    Mfemolres  sur  les 
Conifdres  et  les  Cycadees :  ouvrage  posthume 
de  L.  C.  Richard,  termini  etjwbJi^i  pur  Achille 
Richard.  flU.    Siuttgard  et  Paris.  1826.   8vo. 
Mer.  Fl.  Par.   F.  V.  Mcrat.   Nouvelle  Flore  des 

Environs  de  Paris.    Paris,  1812.   8vo. 
Mey.  f'erz.  Pflanx.  Cauc.    Meyer  (C.  A.),  Ver- 
seichniss  der  Pflanzen  welcbe  wahrend  dcr,  &c. 
Petersburg.  1831.   8vo. 
Mich.  Arb.   See  Michawe*s  Arhres  forestiers,  ^c. 
Mich.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.     Andr6  Mlchaux,  Flora 
Boreali- Americana.  Parlslis,  1802.   2vols.  8vo. 
Mich.  Gtn.    P.  A.  Micheli,  Nova  Plantarum  Ge- 
nera.   Florentise,  1729.   fol. 


M/chttux*s  Arbres  de  VAmiritpte.  See  Michatu^i 
Jrbres  Foresiieres^&c. 

Michattr's    Arbres   Furestieres   de  VAmirimte, 
Andr^  Fran^.  Michaux  fils,  Histoire  des  Arbres 
Forestidres     de     rAmcrique   Septcntrionale 
Paris,  1810—1813.   3  vols.  4to. 

Michx.  JU.  Arb.  Afner.  See  Michaux^s  Arbres 
Farestieres,  S^e. 

Michaux's  Histoire  des  Chines  Am6n'ques.  Andr6 
Michaux,  Histoire  des  Chcncs  de  TAmerique 
Septentrionale.  Paris,  IbOl,  fol. ;  ed.  Germ,  a 
Kerne.  1802. 

Michx.  JU.  N.  Amer.  Syl.  Andr6  Francois  Mi- 
chaux, North- American  Sylva ;  or,  a  De- 
scription of  the  Forest  Trees  of  the  United 
States,  Canada,  and  Nova  Scotia.  Translated 
from  the  French  by  A.  L.  HUlhouse.  Paris, 
1810.    3  vols.  Bvo. 

Michx.  Mhn.  sur  le  Zelkoua.  A.  Fran9.  Midiaux, 
M6moire  sur  le  Zelkoua.    Paris,  1831. 

Michx.  Quer.   See  Michaux^s  Histoire  des  Chines. 

Mill.  Diet     Minor's  Dictionary,  ed.  7. 

Mill.  Ic.  Figures  of  the  PlanU  described  in  the 
Gard.  Diet.  By  PhUlp  Miller.  London,  1760. 
2  vols.  fol. 

MilL  lUusL  Johan.  Miller,  Illustratio  SystematU 
Sexualis  Llnnaei.    Londini,  1777.    fol. 

Miller's  Dictionary.  The  Gardener's  Dictionary. 
By  Philip  Miller.  London,  1731 ;  ed.  2.,  1733; 
ed.  3.,  1737 ;  ed  4.,  1741 ;  ed.  5.,  1747  ;  ed.  6., 
1762 ;  ed.  7.,  1750 ;  ed.  8.,  17G8 ;  ed.  9.,  see  Mar- 
tyn's Miller. 

Mith.  Act.  Acad.  Nat.  C4r.  See  Nov.  Ac^  Nat, 
Cur. 

Mac.  et  Sesse  FL  Mex.  Ic.  ined.  See  Ft.  Mex. 
Icon.  ined. 

Moc.  PL  Nutk.  Mocino  (Josef),  Drawings  of 
Plants  collected  by  him  at  Nootka  Sound.  Not 
published. 

Mrmch  Meth.  Conrad  Mcench,  Methodus  Plantas 
Horti  et  Agrl  Marburgensis  describendi.  Mar- 
burgi,  1794.    8vo. 

Mamch  SuppL  Id.,  Supplementum  ad  Me- 
thoUum,  &c.    MarburgI,  1802.    8vo. 

Moench  Weiss.    See  Mceneh  Weissenst. 

Mcench  Weissenst.  Id.,  Verzeichnlsi  auslan- 
discher  Baume  des  Lustschlosses  Weissenstein. 
Francf.  1786.   8vo. 

Monog.  Ros.  Pronevllle  (A.  De),  Nomenclature 
raisonn6e  des  Espdces,  Vari6t&,  et  Sous-va- 
ri6tte  du  Genre  Rosier.   Paris,  1818.  1vol.  8vo. 

Month.  Reg.    See  Bot.  Reg. 

Mor.  Hist.  Joan.  Bapt.  Morandl,  Historia  Bo- 
tanica  practlca.    Mediolani,  1744.   fol. 

Mor.  Preehid.  Robert  Morison,  Prselodla  Bo- 
tanica,  pars  1.    Londini,  1669.  8vo. 

JIfor.  Vmb.  Morison  (R.),  Plantarum  Umbelli. 
ferarum  Distrlbutio  nova.    Oxonii,  1672.   fol. 

Moris.  Hist.  Robert  Morison,  Plantarum  His- 
torla  universalis  Oxoniensis.  Oxonii,  1620. 
2  vols,  folio. 

Moris.  Stirp.  Sard.    See  Elench.  Sard. 

Morris  FL  Consp.  Richard  Morris,  Flora  Con- 
spicua.    London,  1826.    8vo. 

MUhl.  Cat.    See  Muhlenberg's  Catalogue,  S^. 

MUhL  Nov.  Ad.  Scrut.  Bcrol.  Muhlenberg  in 
Nov.  Act.,  &c.    See  Act.  Nat.  Scrut.,  ^c. 

MUhlenb.  Nov.  Act.  Soc.  Nat.  Scrut.  Berd.  See 
MUhl.  Nov.,  9;e. 

Muhlenberg's  CatalMtue  of  North  American 
Plants.  Henr.  Muhlenberg,  Catalogus  Plan- 
tarum Americse  Septentrionalls.  Lancaster, 
1813.   8vo. 

MUnch.  Haus.    See  Mlbwh.  Hausv. 

MUnch.  Hausv.  Baron  Otto  Von  Munchausen, 
Monatllche  BeschafUgungen  fur  einen  Baum- 
und  Pflanzen-gartner,  als  eine  Zugabe  cum  5ten 
Th.  des  Hausvater.  Hanover,  1771.  8vo. 
Murr.  Nov.  Comm.  GStt.  3.  A.  Murray  in  Nov! 
Commentarii  SocieUtls  Regias  Scientiarum 
Gottlngensls.  1751  to  the  present  Time.  4to. 
Mx.  FL  Bor.  Amer.    See  Mich,  Ft  Bor.  Amer. 


N. 

N.  Amer.  Syl.    See  Michx.  fiL 

N.  Duk.    See  Du  Ham.  Arb.  Nouv. 

N.D.HatH,   See  ibid. 


1132 


LIST   OF   BOOKS    REFERRED   TO. 


Keek.  Elan.  Nat.  Jos.  de  Necker,  Klementa  Bo- 
Unica  secundum  Syttema  omologicum,  seu  na- 
turale.  NeowedeadRhenum,  1790.  3vols.8vo. 

Neek.  QaU.    Sm  Neck.  GaUo-BfiL 

Neck.  OaUo-BeU.  Nat.  Jo«.  D«  Necker,  Delidc 
Gallo-Belgics  sjrlrestres.  ArgcntoratI,  1768. 
3to1s.  12mo. 

Neet  No9.  Act.  Nat.  Cur.  Botm,  See  Act  Nat. 
ScrMt  Berl. 

Nee»  iT.)  ab  Bsenb.  Gen.  PL  Fl.  Germ.  See 
Nee$  Van  EtenJbeck^  ^, 

Nees  Von  Esenbeek  Gen.  PL  Genera  FlanUrum 
Flora  GemianicsB  Icoaibus  et  Detcriptionibus 
lUostriUa.  Auctore  T.  F.  L.  Nees  ab  Esen- 
beek, M.D.    Bonna,  1833.   8vo. 

Nestl.  Pot.  Diu.  G.  G.  Nestler,  Monogranhia  de 
Fotentilla.    ParisUs  eC  Arventoratt,  1816.  4to. 

Not*.  Arb.  Fntitiers.    See  Noisette  Jard.  Frw't. 

Noisette  Jard.  Pmit.  Louis  Noisette,  Le  Jardin 
Fruitier.    Paris,  1818.  S  fasc.  4to. 

N&rHLAmeriean  Sybta.    See  Mick.  fit.  N.  Amer. 

Nam.  Buh.    See  Dtt  Ham.  Arb.  Nouv. 
Nomweau  Cours  ^Agricmiture.     See   Nomtteau 

Court  complet. 
Neuveau  Court  complet.  NouTeaa  Cours  complet, 

ou  Dictloonaire  ralsoon6  d* Agriculture.    Par 

les  Membres  de  la  Section  d'Agr.  de  I'lnstltut. 

Paris,  1809.   16  Tols.  8to. 
Nomveau  Du  HameL   See  Du  Ham.  Arb.  Notm. 
No9.  Jet.  Soe.  Nat.  Serut.  BeroL    See  AcL  Nat. 

Serui.  BerL 
Nop.-Oen.  Amer.    Setf  Nutt.  Gen.  Amer. 
NuU.  Gen.    See  Ibid. 
NuU.  Gen.  Amer.   Thomas  NutUll,  The  Genera 

of  North- American  Plants,  and  a  Catalogue  of 

the  Species.  Philadelphia,  1818.  avols.ltaio. 
NutL  Gen.  Amer.  Plants.  See  NuU.  Gen.  Amer. 
Nutt.  ass.    Nuttall  in  Manuscript. 

O. 

(Ed.  FL  Dan.  Icones  Plantarum  sponte  nas. 
centlum  in  Regnis  Danlee  et  Norvegic,  &c. 
HaflilB,  1761—1770,  toIs.  1,  S,  and  3.,  Auctore 
O.  C.  (Eder. ;  70^.4  andS.,  Auet.  O.  F.  Miiller, 
1771—1783;  TOls.  6  and  7..  Auct.  M.  Vahl, 
1787—1805;  Tol.  8.,  Auct.  J.  W.  Homemann, 
1809— 181&    8  Tols.  fol. 

OUv.  Voy.    See  Dinner's  Travels. 

OHv.  Voy.  dans  FEimt.  Ottom.    See  Ibid. 

Olivier's  Travels.  TraTels  in  the  Ottoman  Em- 
pire, Egypt,  and  Persia.  By  G.  A.  Oliyier. 
Lend.  1801.   9  Tols.  and  atlas.   4to. 

OUvier's  Voyage.    See  Olivier*s  Travels. 

Ort.  Decad.  Cas.  Gomes  De  Ortega.  Norarum 
aut  rarlorum  Plantarum  HortI  R.  Matritensis 
Centurise.  Matriti,  1797—1798.  8Tols.4to.  Tit 
gen.  lAOO. 

OtiaHispan.  Otia  Hispanica.  By  Philip  Barker 
Webb. 

Ovid.  Met.  Ovid's  Metamorphoses.  London,  1773. 
Srols.  Iftno. 

P. 

PalL  Astr.    Peter  Simon  Pallas.  Species  Astra- 

galornra  descriptie  et  Iconlbas  illustrate.  Lip- 

siee.  1800.   fol. 
Pall.  Flor.  Ross.    See  Pallas*s  Flora  Bosstca. 
Pallas's  Flora  Rossiea.  Peter  Simon  Pallas,  Flora 

Rossica.    Petropoli,  1784  et  1788.   2  ▼ols.  fol. 
Pall.  JUust.     Illustrationes   PlanUmm  minus 

cognitarum.    Llpslse,  IROS.   fol. 
PaO.  Itin.  ed.  GaU.     Voyages  dans  I'Emplre 

Russe.  Paris,  1793.  8  vols.  8to,  avec  atlas  4to. 
Paa.  Itin,  ed.  GaU.  Append.   See  PalL  Itin,  ed. 

GaU. 
PalL  Nov.  Act.  PeL    Pallas  in  Nova  Acta  Aca- 

demlK  Scientiarum  imperialis  PetropoUtaose. 

Petropoli,  1783—1837.    4to. 
Pall.  Nord.  Beytr.   Id.,  Neue  nordlsche  Beltrago 

xur  physikalischen,  &c.    Petersb.   und  Leips. 

1781—1796.  7  vols.  fol. 
PaU.  Vou.    See  PaU.  Itin.  GalL 
Parad.  Land.  Paradisus  Londioensls.    By  R.  A. 

Salisbury.    London,  1805—1808.  3  vols.  4to. 


Parkinson's  Herbal,  or  Theatre  of 

Theatre  of  Plants ;  or,  an  Herball  of  a  lane 

extent ;  with  numerous  wood  eugiaiii^s.    By 

John  Parkinson.    Load.  1610.   fol. 
Parkinson's  Tkeal.  Bot.  Sec  Parknuom's  HeriuL 

^. 
Par.  Lon.    See  Parad.  Lend. 
Pav.  Diss,  in  Mkm.  Acad.  Beg.  Med.  Jftf.    Jos. 

Pavon,  Dissertacioo  boCanka  aobve  las  Gcneroa 

Tovalla,   ActlnopbyUum,   &c.     M^nd.    4ta. 

As  quoted  in  Mmd.  Acad.,  ftc 
Paxton's  Mag.  of  Bot,    Magasiae  of  Botaaaf,  and 

Register  of  Flowering  Plants.    By  J.  Puioa. 

F.L.S.,  &c.    London,  begnn  in  i^4»  and  vaa- 

tinned  in  monthly  Numbers,  large  Svo. 
Penny  Cye.     The   Penny    Crcl^MBdia  of  the 

Society  for  the  DUAision  of  Usefitl  Knowb^ge. 

London.    In  monthly  parts,  folio.    B«a"»  B 

1883,  and  10  vols.  pubUsned. 
Pers.  Eneh.   C.  H.  Persoon,  Synopsis  FtaBtaram 

seu  Enchiridion  Botanlcnm.      ^ris*  1805  and 

1807.  2  vols.  12mo. 
Pers.  Syn.    See  Pers.  Enck. 
Petiv.  Mns.    James  Petlver,  Mnasel  PwIvwImu 

CenturiB  Decern.    Londosi,  169ft.    8va. 
PA.  Fi.  Amer.  Sept.    Frederick    Parsh.  Fkca 

Americana    SeptentrionalU.      T^ft^i^y^^    |g|4^ 

3  vols.  6vo. 

PhiLMog.  Philosophical  Magazine  and 

By  Alex.  Tilloch  and  Richard  Taylor. 

1796—1836.  68  vols.  8vo,  cootlnucd  onds  the 

name  of  Philosophical  Magasine  and  Aaajb  of 

ChemistiT.    By  R.  Taylor  and  R. 

London,  1827—1833.   11  vola.  Svo. 
Pkil.   Trans.    The  PUlosophical 

of  the  Royal  Society  of  London. 

in  1666,  and  continued  to  the  present  Hi 

London.  4to. 
Pin.  Wob.    Plnefeum  Woburaenae.    By  the  Daks 

of  Bedford.   1  vol.  imperial  8to.   1B39.    Net 

published. 
PL  Bar.  Hort.  Gen.    See  Dec.  Fl. 

Gen, 
Plants  Hart.    Flantas  Hartwegianas 

Mexicanas,  ice.    By  G.  Bentham.   18S9. 
Plant.  As.  Bar.    See  WaU,  PL  Asiat.  Bm-, 
Plant.  Kal.    Planter's  Kaleodar.    ByW.  NieoL 

Edited  and  completed  by  Edw.  Sa^g. 

1830.    Ed.  3.,8vo. 
Plin.  HisL  Nat,  PUnii  HIstorU  Natnralh. 

douln's  edit.    Paris,  1798.    a  vols.  U. 

lated  under  the  title  of  Plinr's  Natnral  History 

of  the  World.  By  Philemon  UoUand.  Loaidoa, 

1601.    3  vols.  fol. 
Pliny  Nat.  Hisi.    See  Plin,  HigL  Nat. 
Pluk.  Ahn.    See  Phtk,  Abn.  PM. 
Pluk.  Ahn.  Pkyt.    Leonard   Plukenelt,  Alma- 

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ticon.    Londini,  1796.  4to. 
Pluk.   Amaltk.      Id.,   Amalthciim 

Londlni.  1705.  4to. 
Pluk.  Mant.    Id,  Almagestl  Botanid  Mantissa. 

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PlukeneU's  Phwtograpkia.  Id.,  Phvtographia  ai«e 

Stirptum    lllustriorum,   Ac.      t^ndtal.   lOZ. 

4  vols.  4to. 

Plum.  Cat    Plumler  (C),  CaUlogos 

Americanarum.    Paris,  1703.  4tb. 
Plum.  Gen.     Plumler  (C),  Nova 

Americanarum  Genera.   ^rtsUs,  1701.  4tn. 
Pocoeke  Itin.    See  Pococke  Orient. 
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some  other  Countries.    By  R.  Pococka. 

don,  1743-.1745.   3  vols.  fol. 
Poir.  Diet.    See  Poirct  Eneyc.  Mftk. 
Pair.  Diet.  Eneyc,  Suppl.    See  PoireL 

SuppL 
Poir.  Bney.  Mitk.    See  Poirrt  fincye.  JffiL 
Poir.  Enqfd.  SuppL    See  Poiret  Enemc  ~ 
Poir.  Sml.    See  ibid. 
Poiret  Encuc.  Metk.    J.  L.  M.  Toiiet, 

dopMie  MdthodiqDe,  on  Dictionnaire  de  B»> 

tanique.    Paris,  1804—1808 ;  beiagtbe Mi. Sth. 

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M^thodique,  &c. 
Poiret  Eneyc.   Suppl.    Id.,   Bncydopidil  1f<- 


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thodique  Sappl£ment  au  Dlctionnaire  de  Bo- 

tanique.    Faiii,  1810—1816.   4  vols.  4to. 
Foir.  Voy.    Poiret  (J.  L.  M.),  Voyage  en  Bar- 

barie.   Parla,  1789.   3  voli.  8to. 
PoH.  Art.  Ft.    See  Fait,  ei  Turp.  Arb.  Fruit. 
Foit.  et  Turp,  Arb.  Fruit.    Polteau  et  Tarpin, 

Traits  dea  Arbret  frultien  da  Du   HameL 

Kouvelle  Mition.    Paris,  1808  et  seq.   13  fasc. 

fol. 
Foil.  Fl.  Ver.    CtrQ  Pollinl,  Hortl  et  ProvincUa 

Verooensis  PUutc  noT«  vel  minus  cognitc. 

Paviae,  1816. 
Fom.  Mag.    The  Pomological  Magaiine.  Load. 

1833.  3  vols.  8vo. 
Ponttd.  Comp.     Jul.  Pontedera,  Compendium 

Tabularum  Botanlcarum.    P.%tavii,  1719.  4to. 
Panic's  FruJ.  FUuder.    The  Profitable  Planter, 

Ac.    Bjr  W  illiam  Pontey.    Uuddersfleld,  1800. 

8vo. 
Four.  Act.  Twd.    Pourrett  in  Actis  Acadcmis 

Tolosanlie. 
Fraa.  Treat,  on  Planting.    Hayes. 
Presl    Reliq.  HomU.     Pretl.    Kellquia   Haen. 

kian«. 
Prod.    See  Dec.  Prod. 
ProdromuM.    See  ibid. 
ProdromuM  Fior^  Nepatnuit.    D.  Don,   Pro- 

dromus   Floras    Mepalensls.     London*    1825. 

I2mo. 
Puerari  MSS.     Profeasor  Fuerarl,  in  Manu- 
script 
Pursk  Sept.    See  Pur$h  FL  Bar,  Amer, 
Pursh  Ft.  Am.  Sep.    See  ibid. 
Pttrsk  Fl.   Bor,   Amer.     Fred.   Pursh,   Flora 

Borealis   Americana.    London,   1814.  2  vols. 

8vo. 

R. 

JR.  et  P.  Fl.  Per.  et  Chil.  Sytt,    II.  Ruiz  et 

Jos.  Pavon,  Systema  Veffetabilium  Flora  Pe- 
ruvians et  Chilensls.    Matriti,  1708.   8vo. 
R.  et  P.  Fl.  Per.  Sy$t.    See  R,  et  P.  FL  Per.  et 

CkiL  Syst. 
RaOn.  Joum.  PkuM.    Raflnesque  In  Journal  de 

Physique.    Pans,  1773,  and  continued.  4to. 
Rqfin.  Med.  Ren.    See  Rqf.  Med.  Fhr. 
Ratin.  Pric.  Die.  Sam.    Raflnesaue- Schmaltz, 

Precis  des  Dfeouvertea  Somlologiques  ou  Zoo- 

logiques  et  Botanlquet.    Palerme,  1814.  18mo. 
Rqfin.  Speech.    Raflnesque-Schmaltz,    Specchio 

delle    Scienze,   o   Giomale    encldopedico  di 

Stcilia.  1814. 
Raii  Sun.    Bay's  Synopsis  Plantarum. 
Rau.  Enmm.    Ambr.  Kau,  Enumeratio  Rocarum 

circa  'Wirceburgum  sponte  crescentium.    No- 

rinbergc,  181  &  8vo. 
Rauw.  Jtin.    Rauwolfs  Journey  through  Svrla, 

Mesopotamia,  Palestine,  and  Egypt.  Translated 

from  the  English  by  Stapherst.    1G03.  8vo. 
/2atr'«  General  History  qf  Plants.    See  Ray's 

Bistoria  Flant4snim. 
Ray's  Hisioria  Plantarum.    Joh.  Ray,  Historia 

Planurum.    Londini,  1686  et  1688.  2  vols.  fol. 

Vol.  3.,  seu  Supplementum,  1704. 
Red.  Ros.    See  Red.  et  Tkor.  Ros. 
Red.  et  Tkor.  Ros,    P.  J.  Redouti,  Les  Roses. 

PI.  169.  color.:  avec  le  texte,  par  CI.  Ant. 

Thory.    Paris,  1817—1824.  3  vols.  fol. 
Rees's  Cycl.    See  Rees's  Cyclopaedia. 
Rees's  Cyclop.  Addenda.    See  ibid. 
Rees's  Cyclopaedia.    London,  1819.  39  vols.  4to. 
IHgnauu  Bat.  Icon.    De  Regnault,  La  Botanique 

mise  i  la  Pottle  de  tout  le  Monde.    Paris, 

1774.   fol. 
Reich.  Mag.    Reichenbach  (G.  C),  Magazin  des 

Pflanzenreichs.  1798, 1794.  4to. 
Renault  Fl.  de  FOme.    P.  A.  Renault,  Flore  du 

D6partement  de  I'Ome.    Alencon,  1604.  8vo. 
Renealm  Sp.     Specimen  Historic   Plantarum. 

Paris,  1611.  4to. 
Retx.  Ohs.    See  Rett.  Obs.  Bot. 
Retz,  Obs,  Bot,    A.  J.  Retains,  Observatlones 

BotanicsB.    London,  1774.   6  fasc.  4to.    Ed.  2. 

Llpsis,  1779—1791.  6  voU.  4to. 
Reyn.  Act,  Laus.    See  Reyn.  M(m.  Laus. 
Reyu.  Mim.    See  ibid. 


Retm.  Mim.  Laus,    Reynier  in  M£m.  de  la  Soc 

de  Lausanne. 
Richard  Act.  Paris.  See  Act,  Soc.  HiU.  Nat.  Par 
Rich.  Diss.    G.  G.  Rlchter,  Diss,  de  Muscorum 

Nods,  &c,    Gdttinga>,  1747.  4to. 
Rith.  Mim.  Conif.    See  Mimoires  sur  Us  Coni- 

Jjhes  et  Us  Cycadies. 
Richard  Mim.  sur  Us  Contfires.    See  Ibid. 
Riv.  Man,  Jrr.    Aug.   Qulrlnus  Rivlnus.  Ordo 

Plantarum  Flore  irregular!  Monopetalo.    Llp- 

sJae,  1699.  foL 
R,  MaL    HenricuB  Van  Rheede,  Hortus  Indicus 

Malabaricus.    1678—1703.   12  vols.  foL 
Rcem,  Arch.    Job.  Jac.  Roemer,  Archiv  fUr  die 

BotanilL.    Leipzig,  1796— 180&  3  vols.  4to. 
Reem.  et  SchuU,  Syst.  Veg.    Id.  et  Schultes.  Ed. 

nov.  Systamatis  Vegetabllium  LinnseL  Turici, 

181S.   8vo. 
Rose  Amateur's  Guide,    The  Rose  Amateur's 

Guide.    By  T.  Rivers,  Jun.     London,   1837. 

8va 
Rosier  Joum.  Phys.    See  Joum.  des  Physiques. 
Rouig,  Ros.     Rossisnol   (K.  G.),    Les   Roses 

dessin^es  et  enlumlnfes  d'aprds  Nature,  avec 

une  Description  botanique.    Tradult  da  PAlle- 

mand  par  M.  De  Lafltte.    Leips.  4to. 
Roth  Cat,    Alb.  Wilh.  Roth.  Catalecu  Botanlca. 

LipsiK,  1797—1806.   3  vols.  8vo. 
Roth  FL  Germ.    See  Roth's  Flora  Germattica. 
Roth  Germ.    See  ibid. 
Roth's  Flora  Germanioa.   Alb.  Wilh.  Roth,  Ten- 

tamen  Florsi  Germanlcae.    Lipsise,  178S— 1801 . 

3  vols.  8to. 
Rax.  MSS.    Roxburgh  in  Manuscript. 
Rox.  FL  Ind.    See  Rosb.  Fl.  Ind.  ined. 
Rox.  HorU  Beng,    W.  Roxburgh,  Hortus  Ben- 

galensis ;  or,  a  Catalogue,  &c    Calcutta,  1814. 

8vo. 
Rosb.  FL  Ind.  ined.    Flora  Indira.    By  W.  Rox- 

burgh.    Serampore,  1820— 1824.    2  vols.  8vo. 
Roy.  hugdb.    Aotianus  Van  Royen,  Florse  L^- 

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liUgduno-Batavi.  Lugd.  Bat.  1740.  8va  Auctor 

dicitur  C.  Linnaeus. 
RoyU.  lUustr,  Bot.  Himalaya,    Illustrations  of 

tno  Botany  and  other  Branches  of  the  Natural 

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the  Flora  of  Cashmere.    London,  1833 — 1838. 

4to. 
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Syst, 
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S. 

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Sal.  Par.    See  Farad.  Land. 

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Sal.  Prod.  R.  A.  Salisbury,  Prodromus  Stirpium 

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8vo. 
Sal.  Wob.  Salictum  Wobumense.  By  His  Grace 

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Salisbury's  MSS.     R.  A.  Salisbury,  in  Manu- 
script. 
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III.,  1798  and  1806. 
Sav,  Alb,  Tosc.    Gaetano  Savi,  Trattato  desli 

Albert  della  Toscana.    Flrenze,  1801,  2  vols. 

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Savi  Fl,  Pis.    Savi  (C),  Flora  Pisana.    Plsls, 

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Schiede  et  Deppe  MSS. 
Schhuhr  H.  Christ.  Schkuhr,  Botanisches  Hand* 

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Sckteehtmd,  Bert.  Mag,     A.  Schlechtendol  in 

Berl.  Mag. 
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Schmidt  Ft.  Boh.    F.  W.  Schmidt,  Flora  Bohe. 

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Pedacogii    Resll    Glauchensis.      Hall.,   1772. 

12mo. 
Schrader  Hort.  Gott.  MSS.    See  abore. 
Schranek  Baier.  {Bavar.)  PI.    Frant  Von  Paula 

Schranck,  Baienche  Flora.    Munich,  1789.    2 

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Sensls.    Francor.  Mtrn.  1792.  8vo. 
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Schreb.  Dec    Joh.  Christ.  Dan.  Von  Schreber, 

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Francof.  1786.    2  vols.  8vo. 
Schult.    (Estr.  Fl.      F.   A.   Schultes,   (Estrichs 

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Seb.  Mus.    Seba  (Alb.),  Locupletissimi  Rorum 

naturalium   Thesauri  Descrlptio.    Amstclod. 

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Sccondnt  Mim.  du  Chfne.    M^moires  siir  THis- 

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Segu.  Ver.     Joh.  Franc.  Scguier,  Planta*  Vcro- 

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Ser.  ytel,    N.  C.  Seringa,  Melanges  BoCaniqaes. 

Berne,  1818.    2  vols.  8vo. 
Serinjie  Sal.   Hel,     Hve   Syringe  Saules  de  la 

Sm\se. 
Serin^e  Satdes  de  la  Suisse.     N.  C.   Seringe, 

Siiiues  (ie  la  Suisse.    Berne.    6  fasc.  4to. 
Scringe  Monogr.  des  Saules  de  la  Suisse.     Id., 

Kssai  d*une  Monographie   des    Saules    de  la 

Suisse.    Berne,  1815.    8vo. 
Sibthorp's  Fl.  Grtec.    See  Flor.  Greec. 
SiebaUU  Fl.  Jap.    Sioboldt's  Flora  Japonica. 
Sims  Bot.  Mag.     Dr:  Sims  in   the  Botanical 

Magazine 
Sloane  Jam.    The  Natural  History  of  Jamaica. 

London,  1707—172.5.    2  vols.  fol. 
Smithes  Eng.  Bot.    See  Eng.  Bot. 
Smith's  Eng.  Fl.    Sec  Eng.  Fl. 
Smith's  Exot.  Bot.    KxotTc  Botany.    By  Sir  J. 

K.  Smith.     London,  1804,  1803.     2  vols.  4to. 

pi.  120. 
Smith's  Flor.  Brit.    See  fl  Br. 
Stntth's  mor.  Gr.    Sec  Wor.  Grae. 
Smith's  History  qfNova  Scotia.  Published  in  the 

Mag.  Nat.  Ilist. 
Smithes  Icon.    See  Smith  Icon.  Pict. 
Smith  Icon.  Pict    Icone-J  pictie  Plantarum  rarl- 

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1793.  fol. 
Smith's  Insect.  Georg.    See  Abbott  and  Smith. 
Smith's  Prodromus  of  SibthorpU  Flora  Greeca. 

Florae  Orsecse   Prodromus :   sive   Plantarum 

omnium  Rnumeratio  quas  in  Provincils  aut 

Insulis    GroeclsB    invenit    Johannes  Sibthorn, 

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Smith.    London,  1806—1813.    2  vols.  8vo. 
Soland.  MS.  in  Ht'rh  Banks.    Solander's  MS.  in 

the  Bnnkslan  HcrWrlum. 
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Sprengefs  Syst.    Systema  VegeCaotliinB,  Carga 

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Stokes,  M.D.      Binnlngfaam,   1787.     2  vols. 

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St.  Pierre's  E*tudes  de  la  Nature.    J.  Beravdib 

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Sturm  D.  PI.    Jacob  Sturm,  Deutschland  Flota. 

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Swartx  MSS.    Swarts  in  Manuscript. 
Swartz  Prod.     Id.,   Prodromua   DetcriptkBira 

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Sw.  Br.  Fl..Gard.    The  British  Flover-Gaiden. 

Conducted  by  R.  Sweet,  and  afkerwardi  bf 

Professor  Don,  till  1837.    London.   Svo. 
Sweet's  H.  B.    See  Sweeps  Hort.  Brit. 
Sweet's  Hort.  Brit.    Sweet  (K.),  Hortns  Brits* 

nlcos.    London,  1826.    8vo. 
Swt.  Cist.     Cistineie.     The   Natural  Order  of 

Rock  Rose.     By  R  Sweet.     London,  ISSQ. 

8vo. 
Swt.  Fl.-Gard.    See  Sw.  Br.  Fl.-Gard. 
Swt.  Hort.  Sub.  Land.     Sweet's  Hortus  SObV' 

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T. 


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1625.    BasilisF.  1664  and  1731. 
Tenore.    Tenore  (Bl),  Sylloge  PlanUram.  Xa- 

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Tenor.  Prod.  FL  Neap.    Id..  Prodromos  Fknp 

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Neap. 
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Plantarum,   quae  In  Prodromo  desciibimtar. 

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Tenore  Syll.  PI.  NeapoL    See  Tenor.  Syn.  Fl. 

Heap. 
Tenore's  Flora  Neapolitana.    Id.,  Flora  Keapo> 

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Wallieh,  Tentamen,  kc    Calcutt.  et  Seraap. 

1824.  fol. 
Thore  Chlor.  Land.     J.  Tbor^   Bssai  d'oM 

Chlorls  dtt  D^partement  des  Laodes.    Dax, 

1803.  8vo. 
T^ore  Prom,  sur  les  C6tes  de  Gaseognes.  U* 

Dax,  1804.    8vo. 
Thouin  Mim.  Mus.    See  Mfm.  Mus. 
Thuil.  Fl.  Par,    J.  L.  ThuilUer,  Flore  da  Ea- 

virona  de  Paris.    Paria,  179a    ISma 
Thua.  Pans.    See  Tkml.  Fl.  Par. 
Thunb.  Diss.    C  P.  Thunberg.  Diss,  de  Eiici 

Upsal,  1765.  4ta   Ed.  9.  Cur.  R  A.SaUibwy. 

Featherstone,  1800. 
TTkunb.  Ft.  Jap.    See  Thunb.  Jap. 
Thunb.  Icon,  PL  Jap     See  IbM. 


LIST    OF    BOOKS    REFERRED    TO. 


1135 


TItunb.  Jap,    C  P.  Tbnsberg,  Flora  Japonica.  ; 

Ltpsite.  1784.    8vo. 
Thtmb.  Hov,  Gen.     Id.,  Nova  Genera  Plants- 

mm. 
TiUt  Cat.  Hort  Pitam.     M.  A.  Tilli,  Catalogue 

Horti  FisaoL    Florentlc,  1723.  fol. 
T.  Nees  ah  Esenbeck  Gen.  PL  Florof  Germaniae. 

See  Nees  Von  Esenbeck  Gen,  PL 
Torrey  FL  U.  S.  Torrcy'i  Flora  of  the  Northern 

and  Middle  States.    New  York,  182G. 
Torrey  and  Gray,  FL  N.  America.    Torrey  and 

Gray's  Flora  or  North  America. 
Toum.  Act,  Ae.  Par.    J.  Pitton  de  Tonrnefort, 

Memoiret  de  TAcademie  Royale  des  Sciences. 

Paris,  1GC6-1788.  1  toI.  4ta 
Ttmm.  Cor.   Id.,  CoroUarlum  Institutlonum  l{ei 

Herbaris.     Paris,  1703.    4to. 
T\)um.   Inat.  Id.,  lusticutiones  Rci   Herbaris 

Paris,  1717  et  1719.  3  roll.  4to. 
Tourn.  Itm.  Id.,  Relation  d'un  Voyage  au  Le- 
vant.   Paris,  1717.    2ToU.4to. 
Trag.    HiMt.    Hieronomi  Tragi,   De    Stirpium, 

maxlme  earum  qus  in  Gennanicae  nostra  nas- 

cuntur,  &c.    Argentorati,  1551.    4to. 
Traits  Prat.,  ^c    See  Delamarre't  Traiti,  ^-c. 
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TVatt.  Arch.   Leop.  Trattlnlck,  Archiv.  der  Gc- 

wachskuude.   Vlenn.  1811_1812.    3fasc.4to. 
Ttait.  Ros.     Id.,  Rosac«arum    Monographia. 

Vindob.  18S3, 1824.  4  vols,  small  8vo. 
Tteai..,  S[C.    See  Boutcker^s  Treatise  on  raising 

Forest  Trees. 
Trevo  Ehr.    See  Trew  Set. 
Trno  ScL    C.  J. Trew.Plantxe  selects  al>  Ehrrt. 

plctae.    1750—1753.   fol. 

V. 

Vahl  Enttm.  Martinus  Vahl,  Enuineratio  Flan- 

tarum.  Haunise,  1805,  1806.   2volt.8TO. 
VaU  FL  Dan.    See  FL  Dan. 
VnhlSymb.     Id.,  Symbols^  Botanlcae.    Haunlse, 

1790-1794.  3  fasc.  fol. 
VaU.  Herb.  Vaillant  (S.),  BotaniconParlsiense. 

Lug.  Bat.  1723.  8to. 
Fent.Cels.    E.   P.  Ventenat,    Description  des 

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Rcemer,  Zurich,  1802. 
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—1808.    lOfasc.  foL 
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Paris,  1802L    4to. 
Vent.  Hort.  Cels.   See  Veni.  Cels. 
Fent.  Jard.  Malm.    See  Vent.  Malru 
Feist.  Maim.   Id.,  Jardin  de  la  Malmaison,  1803 

—1805.     2  Tols.  fol. 
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1770u_l792.    6  vols.  8vo. 
Verz,    HofiVnan's  Veneichnungen  tiber  PyruK. 
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bourg, 1807.    8to. 
FilL  Dauph.  See  Vaiars's  Plantes  du  Daupkint. 
Villars  Delph.  Villars,    Flora    Delphinafis    in 

Gilibert's    Histoire  des    Plantes     d' Europe 

2  vols.  8to,  1796 ;  and  2d  edit  in  3  vols.  1806. 
nilars's  Plantes  du  Daupkinf.  Id..  Histoire  des 

Plantes  du  Daaphin6.    Grenoble,  1786—1788. 

4  vols.  8ro. 
Fisiani  PL  Dalm.,  ex  Sot.  ZeiL    Plants  Dal- 

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M.  D.,  in  the  Botanische  Zeituns.    1830. 
Fiv.  Comb.  Cambassedes  in  Mkm.  Mus.  vol.  xiv. 
Fiv.  Fragm.  Dom.  Viviani,  Flora  Italics  Frag- 

menta.  Genus.,  1806.  4to. 

W. 

Wahl,  FL  Stwc.  G.  Wahlenberg,  Flora  Suedca. 

Upsal,  1824—1826.    2  vols.  8vo. 
WakUnb.    FL  Carp.     Id,   Flora   Carpatorum 


prindpaUum,  exhlhens  Plantas  in  Montibus 

Carpaiocis,  inter  Flumina  Waagum  et  Duna- 

jeCx,  crescentes ;  cum  Tractatu  de  Altitudiiie, 

Ac,  horum  Montium.    Getting.  1814.   8vo. 
Wablenb.  Ft.  Lapp.     Id.,  Flora  Lapponica,  in 

Ittneribus  1800—1810  denuo  investigata.    Bero. 

llni,  1812.    8vo. 
Waidst.  et  Kit,  PL  Umtg,    See  WaldsL  et  Kit, 

PL  Rar.  Hung. 
Waidst.  et  Kit  PL  Rar.  Hung,    Waldstein  et 

Kitaibel.  Descriptiones  et  Icones  Plantarum 

rarlorum  Hungaris.    Vienns,  1802—1812.    3 

vols,  folio. 
JFaU.  Asiat.  Res.    Nath.  Wallich,  Asiatic  Re- 

searches ;  or.  Transactions  of  the  Society  in- 
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JVaU.  Cat.     WiUlich's  MS.    Catalogue  of  the 

Plants  contained  in  the  Herbarium  of  the  East 

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Linnican  Society. 
JValL  Ft.  Ind.    Id.,  Tentamen  Flors  Nepalensis 

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WaU.  MSS.    See  Wall.  Cat. . 
fVaa.  PL  As.  Rar.    See  Wali.  PL  Asiat.  Rar. 
IValL  PL  Asiat.  Rar,     Id.,  Plants  Asiatics  ra- 

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Wallr,  Scked.  F.  W.  Wallroth,  Scheduls  critics 

de  Plands  Flora  Halensls  selectis,  &c.     Hals, 

1822.  8vo. 
Wallroth  Monog.    F.  6.  Wallroth,  Ross  Plan- 

tarum  Generu  Historia  succincta,  &c.      Nord- 

huss,  1828.   8vo. 
Walt,  Car.    See  WaU.  Ft,  Car. 
Walt.  FL  Car.     Thorn.  Waiter,  Rora  CaroIU 

niana.    Londini,  1788.   8vo. 
Wangh.  Act.  Soc.  BeroL    See  Act,  Kat.  Scrut, 

Berol. 
Wang.  Am.    See  WangenA.  Amer. 
Wang.  Beytr.    Wangenheim  (F.A.G.),  Anpflan- 

xung    nord-americanlscher   Holsarten.     Got- 

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Wangenh.  Amer,    See  ibid. 
Wats.  Dend.    See  Watson*s  Dend.  Brit. 
Watson's  Dend.  Brit.    P.  W.  Watson,  Dendro- 

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1825.    2  vols.  8vo,  pi.  172. 
Wats,  Dendr.  Brit,    See  Watson's  Dend.  BHL 
Webb  and  Bertholet*s  Histoire  Naturelle  des  lies 

Canaries.    Histoire  Naturelle  des  Isles  Cana. 

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plates. 
Webb  Iter  Hispan,     Webb's  Iter  Hispanlense. 

1838. 
Wcbb'otia  Hispan.     Webb's  Oti«  Hlspanica, 

1837.   fol. 
WendL  Eric,    J.  C.  Wendland,  Brtcanim  Icones 

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WendL  Hort.    Id.,  Hortus  Herrenhnsanus.   1798 

—1801.    4  flue.  fol. 
WendL  Obs.      Id.,  Botanische    Beobachtungen 

nebst  dnigen  neuen   Gattungen  und  Arten. 

Hanover,  1798.  fol. 
Wem.  Soc  Titans,    See  Wemerian  Trans. 
Wemerian  Trans.    Memoirs  of  the  Wemerian 

Natural  History  Society.  Edinburgh,  1811,  &c. 

8vo. 
Wheeler's  Journey.  A  Journey  Into  Greece  in  the 

Company  of  Dr.  Spor  of  Lyons.     By  Sir  G. 

Wheeler.    London,  1682.   fol. 
Wibel  Wirtk.     A.  G.  E.  C.  Wlbel,  Primitis 

Flors  Wertbdmensis.    Jens,  1799.   8vo. 
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Willd.  Abbild,     Seo  Abbildung  der  Deutscken 

Hobutrten. 
Willd.  Act.  BeroL    See  Act.  Nat  Scrut.  BerL 

Willd.  Arb.    See  WiUd.  BerL  Bourn. 

Willd.  Baum,    See  ibid. 

Willd.  BerL  Baumz.     Willdenow,  Berlinische 
Baumsucht.    Berl.  181 1.   8vo. 

IViltd.  BeroL  Mag.    Id.,  BerUnlscbes  Mngaziit. 
8yo. 


1136 


GLOSSARIAL   INDEX. 


WiiU.  Enum.     See  IFiAdmowV  Knmf»eraiion,  \ 

n^d,  Bnum.  SmopL  Id.,  Enunerado  PUota- 
rum  Horti  Berolioonsts.  Supplemeotum  pott- 
humum  addidit  Schlechtendal. 

WtUd.  Herb.    WiUdenow't  Herbariam. 

mVd.  Hort.  Btr.    See  WiM.  Emim. 

WiUtL  MSS.    WlUdenow  in  Manuscript. 

fViild.  So.    See  IVfUd.  Sp.  PI. 

WiiU.Spec.    See  ibid. 

fyau,  ^.  PL  Id.,  Linnd  Speciet  Plantarum. 
Berol.  1797.    5  toU.  8vo. 

Waidenow*»  Bawnaucht.  Id.,  Berllnitche  Baum- 
sucbt.    Berol.  1811.   Sro. 

WaUenow's  Enrnmeratiim  qf  the  Plants  qf  the 
Berlin  Royal  Garden.  Id.,EnuineratioPIanU- 
rumHordBeroUneoBis.  Bend,  1809.  Svols.  8fo. 

WiUen"»  Vegetation  qf  Dalmatia.  Berlewed  In 
Gard.  Mag.  toI.  xIt.  p.  13. 

Winch  Geogr.  Distrib.  An  EuaY  on  the  Geo- 
graphical Distribution  of  Plants  through  the 


Coontles  of  Northumberlaad,  Camberbad,  and 

Durham.    By  N.  J.  Winch.    Neveasde.    lid. 

2.   1825.  Pamph.  8r& 
WUhering^s  Botanu.     A  Systematical  Ai 

ment  of  British  Planta.  By  W.  Wltfaenag.! 

Birmingham,  1776,  2  voU.  gvo  ;  ed.  7.  «id 

ditions,  London,  1880, 4  Tola.  8vo. 
WoodMlW*  Med,  Bat.     Medkal  Botany; 

tatning  Systonatic  and  Geoeral  Deaoripi 

withPlatea.  of  all  the  M^t.s...i  puna,  iadi- 

Senoos  and  exotic,  Ac      Bj  W.  WoodviUe, 
CD.    London,  1790.    3  vols.  4to. 
n'ood»aW»  Med.  Bot.  SnppL 
Med.Bot. 


Z. 


Zace.  Flora.    Slebold  (P.  F.  de) 
(J.  G.),  Flora  Japonica.  *  161. 


and  ZuccazT&i 


GLOSSARIAL  INDEX. 


A. 

Accessory,  something  added  to  the  usoal  nnmber 

of  orffans. 
AccuntSent,  reclining  or  lying  on. 
Acerose,  slender,  or  needle-shaped,  as  In  die 

leaves  of  some  of  the  cone-bearing  trees. 
Ackemum^  a  dry  fruit,  which  does  not  open  when 

ripe,  and  cont&ins  one  seed  not  adhering  to  the 

pericarp. 
Acicuiar,  needle-shaped. 
Acuminated,  having  a  taper  point. 
Acute^  sharp-pointed. 
Adnate,  grown  to  for  its  whole  length. 
.£sti9ation,  the  folding  of  the  parts  of  a  floww  in 

'the  bud. 

Aggregate,  clustered. 
Albumen,  the  solid  farinaceous  part  of  the  seed, 

destined  to  nourish  the  embryo. 
Albuminous,  furnished  wldi  altaimen. 
Albunutm^  the  sap-wood  of  trees. 
Alveolate^  honeycomb-Uhe. 
Amenta  a  catkin,  or  inflorescence  conslsUng  of 

cha£fy  scales,  arranged  along  a  throad-Uke  re- 
ceptacle. 
Amentaceous^  producing  or  bearing  aments. 
Anastomosing^  uniting  of  nerves  and  veins. 
Androgynous,  producing  flowers  of  both  sexes  on 

the  same  plant. 
Avgulate,  having  acute  angles. 
Annulaied,  ringed,  exhiblthig   circular   promi- 
nences. 
Antheri/erous,  furnished  with  anthers. 
Anther,  the  part  of  the  stamen  which  contains 

the  pollen. 
Apex,  the  end,  or  termination. 
Apicarp.    See  Epicarp. 
Apiculated,   terminated    la   a    little   point,   or 

prickle. 
Appcndicled,  having  an  additional  small  leaf  at 

tne  base  of  the  petiole. 
Approximate,  near  to. 

Arborescent,  having  a  tendency  to  become  a  tree . 
Arffutely,  sharply. 

Ar%ly      >  an  enlargement  of  the  placenta  adher- 
Arilius,  3  ing  to  che  hilum  of  seeds,  and  sometimes 

enveloping  them  ;  exemplified  in   the  outer 

orange-coloured  coat  of  the  seed  of  J?u6ny. 

mus  europas^us. 
Arrouhshapt'd,  lobed  so  as  to  resemble  a  barbed 

arrow. 
Articulate,  jointed. 
Assurgent,  becomiug  erect. 

i'JSJS^.  j  g'xlu^Hy  t*Pertng  to  a  point. 
Auricle,  an  car-like  appendage. 


aa  tfaa  beard  of 


Atolskapedt  narrow  pointed. 
Awn^  a  long  brisdy  appendage, 

com,  &c. 
Axillary t  situated  in  the  axils,  or  angles 

by  the  union  of  the  leaf  and  stem. 


B. 

Baechte,  berry.like ;  that  is,  with  the  seeds  buried 

in  a  fleshy  substance,  enclosed  in  a  thin  oistor 

skin. 
Beaked,  ending  in  a  hard  curred  point. 
Bdiging,  ■welling  unequally  on  one  side. 
ButriMtate,  doublv  awned. 
Bibracteate,  furnished  with  two  br^Aeaa. 
Bieallose,  having  two  small  calloalties,  or  praca* 

berances. 
Bicm^idaU.  havtaig  two  points. 
B(fldt  two-ciefL 
BSabiate,  having  two  lips. 
Bilamdlaie,  divided  ioto  two  liat  parte. 
BUocular,  two-celled. 
Bipartite,  two-parted. 
Btpinnate,  twice  pinnate. 
Btsetose,  having  two  bristles. 
Bitematet  twice  temate. 
Bladderyt  swelled  out,  hollow. 
Bossed,  convex,  and  having  a  prq|ectiag  point  m 

.the  centre. 
Bractea,  the  floral   leaf,  situated   inuaeiiatciy 

under  the  flower. 
Bradeale,  furnished  with  bracteaa. 
Bracteole,  a  small  bractea. 
Bram-Uke,  having  a  scaly  scuily  appearance. 
Bristle-pointedt  tenninadng  in  a  belttle. 


Caducous,  fidling  off  soon :  a  calyx  vhkh  Uto 

oir  before  the  expansion  of  dw  corolla  is  said  la 

be  caducous. 
Ce^fculate,  having  bracteas  so  dispoaed  as  to  >^ 

semble  an  additional  calvx. 
Calyptra,  a  tUn  exdngtusher-shaped  covcriafr 

or  hollow  cone. 
(My*,  the  outer  envelope  of  a  flower. 
Cambium,  elaborated  sap. 
Campanmlate,  bell-shaped. 
Canaliculate,  channeled,  furrowed. 
Canescent,  somewhat  white,  hoary. 
CapiUary,  hair-like,  very  slender. 
Ce^ilate,  growing  in  a  head ;  round  aiid  bluot. 

gjjj^.  jknobbed J  growtagto  «Ball 


0LO8SAHIAL    INDEX. 


1137 


Cofumtet  a  dry  flrnit  oontainlag  levaral  laedf. 

Capmlif&rm,  ■haped  Uke  a  capiule. 

Carina,  shaped  like  the  keel  of  a  boat ;  the  lower 

petals  of  a  pea  flower. 
Cariop9idt^  a  l-celled,  1-ieeded,  superior  Inde- 
hiscent  pericarp,  adhering  to  the  proper  inte- 
guments of  tlie  seed  which  it  cootalns. 
Carpel^  an  individual  part  of  a  compound  (hilt. 
CarpopAoret  a  receptacle  l>earing  only  the.  ova- 
rium. 

Cartiiagimmtf  gristly:  a  cartilaginous  leaf  has 
the  edge  strengthened  by  a  tougn  rim  of  a  sub- 
stance different  from  that  of  the  disk. 

Ottkin.    See  Ament. 

Cerebri/brm,  having  an  Irregular  brain-like  ap- 
pearance, as  the  kernel  of  a  walnut. 

CkanneUd^  having  a  ctiannel. 

CkartaceouSt  havtna  the  consistence  of  paper. 

O'iw,  hairs  resembling  those  of  the  evelash. 

CiiiaUt  surrounded  with  hairs,  as  the  eyelid  is 
with  eyelashes. 

Cinertrota,  grev,  or  ash-coloured. 

Ch-rkote^  terminating  in  a  tendril. 

CiaviUe.  club-sbaoed ;  the  thick  end  uppermost. 

Ciawt  the  Insertea,  or  narrow  end,  of  a  petal. 

Ciooen,  divided  into  two  parts. 

Clnb'thaped^  having  the  thick  end  uppermost. 

CoarctuU,  pressed  together. 

Cohering^  connected. 

CoiUUerai,  parallel ;  side  by  side. 

Column^  the  column  in  a  capsule  is  the  part  to 
which  the  seeds  are  attached :  when  the  flla- 
ments  are  combined  into  a  solid  body,  they  are 
said  to  be  columned. 

CofNosf ,  covered  with  small  tufts  of  hairs  called 
coma. 

Compound,  a  term  nsed  in  botany  to  expren  the 
union  of  several  things  in  one. 

Concave^  more  or  less  hollow. 

Concrete,  ot  one  mass  :  Joined  together. 

Conduplicate,  twice  folded. 

G»\ferruminated,  so  united  as  to  be  undlatin- 
guishable. 

Conglomerate,  heaped,  or  irregnlarly  crowded. 

Conical^  cone-shaped. 

Corrugate,  joined  by  pairs :  a  pinnate  leaf  is  con- 
jugate when  it  has  but  one  pidr  of  leaflets. 

Connectimtm,  the  cellular  texture  which  connects 
several  compartments,  as  in  some  anthers. 

Conniventt  lying  close  together. 

Conoid,  sbi^adllke  a  cone. 

Contorted,  twisted. 

foMnef,  the  reverae  of  concave:  used  in  opposi- 
tion to  that  term. 

Convolute,  rolled  together. 

Cordate,  heart-sbaped ;  in  the  outline  resambUng 
that  of  a  heart  in  cards. 

Cordate-owUe,  heart-shaped,  rounded  at  the  apex 
into  an  egg-shaped  form. 

Cordiprm.    See  Cordate 

Coriaceous,  leathery ;  thick  and  tough. 

Comute,  hom-sbaped ;  of  a  homy  nature. 

CoroUa,  the  inner  envelope  of  a  flower. 

Corpuscle,  a  smyall  body ;  a  particle  of  anything. 

Corjfmb,  a  kind  of  umbel  with  the  stalks  of  the 
outer  flowers  longer  than  those  of  the  centre, 
so  as  to  form  a  level  head. 

Corjfmhote,  having  the  form  of  a  corymb. 

Cotifledous,  leavea  enclosed  in  the  seed,  which 
serve  to  elaborate  the  sap  before  the  expansion 
ofthe  true  leaves. 

Creeping,  extending  horisontally  on  the  furlkoe 
ofthe  ground,  and  rooting  at  the  Joints. 

Crenate,  scolloped ;  having  round  notches. 

Creeeemt-ekapedf  having  the  fonn  of  a  crescent,  or 
half-moon. 

Cre^  a  tufted,  or  IHnged,  appendage :  a  stamen 
is  crested  when  the  filainent  projects  beyond 
the  anther,  and  beoomaa  dilated. 

Crested,  having  a  crest. 

Crisped,  curled. 

Cruciform,  cross-shaped:  a  cruciform  flower 
consists  of  four  petals  placed  in  opposite  direc- 
tions. 

CueuUate,  curved  inwards ;  of  a  cowl  or  hood 
like  appearance. 

Cuneate,  wedge*  shaped. 


Cuneate--tanceolala,  a  form  between  wedge-shaped 

and  lanceolate. 
Cuneate-iinrar,  a  wedge-shaped  leaf;  which  Is 

long  and  narrow. 
Cuneati-'Oblong,  wedge-shaped  and  oblong. 
Cuneale-obotrate,  a  form  between  wedge-shaped 

and  obovate. 
Cnp.jA«{Mtf,  having  a  cupltke  appearance,  as  tbt 

cup  of  an  acorn. 
Cupule,  a  cup,  as  ofthe  acorn. 
Cupular,  shaped  like  a  cup. 
Cmpldate,  su Jdeniy  terminating  in  a  point  { spear* 

pointed. 
Cuticle,  the  skin,  or  epidermis. 
Cylindrical,  cylinder-shaped,  round*. 
Cfftne,  a  kind  of  umbel  with  the  stalks  of  the 

outer  flowers  shorter  than  those  in  the  centre. 
QlttHose,  flowering  in  cymes. 

D. 

DatC'Shaped,  resembling  the  date  in  form. 

Decandrous,  having  10  stamens. 

Deciduous,  falling  off:  a  tree  is  said  to  be  de- 
ciduous when  it  does  not  retain  Its  leaves 
through  the  winter. 

Declinaie,  bending  downwards. 

Decompound,  a  leaf  is  decompound  when  It  la 
twice  or  thrice  pinnate. 

De.umbent,  lying  down  on  the  ground. 

DfCKrrcn/^  running  down :  a  leaf  extended  down 
the  stem  is  decurrent. 

Decussate,  leaves  are  decussate  when  they  grow 
in  pairs,  and  alternately  cruM  each  otlier. 

Deftexed,  bent  downwards. 

Dehiscent,  opening  naturally. 

Deltoid,  shaped  like  the  Greek  A. 

Dentate,  marginal  teeth-like  incisions. 

Dentato-serrate,  having  the  margin  divided  into 
incisions,  resembling  the  teeth  of  a  saw. 

Denticulate,  having  the  margins  flnely  and  slightly 
toothed. 

Diaphanous,  semi-transparent,  like  bom. 

Dichotomous,  branching  in  pairs ;  forked. 

Didifmous,  twin. 

Didynamous,  having  two  long  staaiens  and  two 
short  ones  in  the  same  flower. 

DifTuse,  widely  spread;  scattered. 

Digitate,  fingered  {  shaped  like  the  hand  spread 
open. 

Dilated,  widened. 

Dimidiate,  divided  into  two  halves. 

Dieecious,  a  plant  is  said  to  be  dioecious,  when  the 
male  flowers  are  produced  on  one  Individual, 
and  the  female  ones  on  another. 

Discoid,  furnished  with  a  disk,  or  something  that 
may  be  compared  to  a  disk. 

Disk,  the  fleshy  annular  process  that  surround! 
the  ovary  In  many  flowers ;  a  receptacle  ad- 
hering to  the  calyx  ;  also  the  surface  of  a  leaf. 

Dissepiments,  the  partitions  by  which  a  seed-vessel 
is  internally  divided  into  cells 

Distichous,  two-ranked  or  two-rowed,  produced 
in  opposite  rows. 

Divaricate,  spreading  widely  in  diflferent  direc- 
tions. 

Diverging,  going  fkr  flrom  one  point. 

DorsM,  situated  upon  the  baclL 

Drupaceous,  like  a  drupe. 

Drupe,  a  fruit  consisting  of  a  fleshy  solMtance 
enclosing  a  hard  stone,  as  the  cherry. 

E. 

Ear'Jbrmed,  having  somewhat  the  appearanoe  of 

an  ear. 
Eccentrical^,   disposed  irregularly ;    deviating 

(Vom  the  centre. 
Bchinate,euf  wed  with  prickles,  Uke  a  hedgehog. 
Sgg'Shaped,  having  the  form  of  an  egg,  eiuer  m 

outline  or  otherwise. 
ElUptic,  oval ;  twice  as  long  as  broad,  and  about 

of  equal  roundness  at  both  ends. 
Elliptte-lanceolaU,  a  form  between  elliptic  and 

laneeolate, 
EUiptie-odlamg,  oblong-ovate. 
Elongate,  lengthened  out. 

4d 


1138 


GLOSSAUIAL    INDEX. 


Smargimate^  having  a  small  notch  In  the  centre 

of  the  end  or  tip. 
Bntbrjfo^  the  young  plant  in  the  seed. 
Bndocarp^  the  inner  membrane  of  fruit  which 

formi  the  cells. 
Knaiform^  sword-shaped. 
BtUtrft  without  marginal  incisions. 
JEpiearp,  the  external  integument  of  the  fruit. 
JSpidrrmiSf  the  outer  skin. 
SpigynoMS,  situated  upon  the  style  or  ovary. 
Anpetattnu^  growing  upon  thie  petals. 
Eroded^  gnawed,  irregularly  toothed. 
Evergreen,  retaining  foliage  through  the  winter. 
Exterted^  projecting  considerably  twyond  some 

other  part. 
EMttiptuaie,  without  stipules.    See  Stipule. 
ExtrO'axiUaryt  growing  either  from  above  or 

below  the  axils. 

F. 

Falcate^  bent  Rk«  a  sidle. 

Fnrinaceouit  floury. 

Fasa'cle,  bundle. 

Fasdculatet  disposed  in  bundles. 

Fastigtate,  tapering  to  a  point ;  of  compact  upright 

growth,  as  the  Ix>m hardy  poplar. 
Ferrvgfnotu.  ni»»y ;  iron-coloured. 
Fibrotu,  composed  of  tibtes. 
Fibry,  thready. 
FSiamertt^  the  thread-like  part  of  the  stamen, 

which  supports  the  anther. 
FUiformt  thread-shaped. 
Filmy^  having  a  thin  skin. 
Flaca'd,  flabby  ;  not  firm. 
FUuam-ikapfd,  bearing  resemblance  to  the  form 

of  a  flagon,  or  globular  bottle  with  a  slender 

neck. 
Fletvom,  sigzag ;  having  an  undulating  direction. 
Fioccote,  woolly. 
Flor(firrous,  bearing  flowers. 
Foiiolate,  having  leaflets. 
FolUeley  a  dnr  seed-vessel,  having  only  1-valve 

and  one  cell. 
FbUieular^  having  the  form  of  a  follicle. 
Foramm^  a  small  hole. 
ForamiJMse^  perforated  full  of  holes. 
Friable,  crumbly. 
FrondoUt  a  term  applied  either  tp  a  stem  which 

is  beset  with  leaves,  or  to  a  proliferous  flower. 
Fungous,  having  the  consistence  of  mushrooms. 
Funiculi,  small  stalks  by  which  the  seeds  are  at- 

tached  to  the  placenta. 
Furrowed,  having  longitudinal  channels. 
Futfform^  spindle-shaped :  a  carrot  is  a  IHisiform 

root. 

G. 

GaOtulus,  the  cone  of  the  genus  CUprtous. 

Gamosen^ua,  where  the  sepals  appear  to  be 
united  in  one. 

Gemmaceou*,  having  buds. 

Gibbous,  swelled  out  with  excess  of  palp ;  pro- 
tuberant. 

Glabrous,  smooth ;  without  hairs. 

Gland,  a  secretory  vessel. 

Gland-like,  having  the  appearance  of  glands. 

Glaucescent,  somewhat  hoary ;  or  having  a  bluish 
green,  or  sea-green,  appearance. 

Glaucous,  sea  green,  or  bluish  groen. 

Glumaeeous,  having  husks. 

Granulated,  covered  as  if  with  grains. 

Gynobasic,  having  a  fleshy  receptacle,  bearing 
separate  fruits. 

H. 

Bastate,  formed  like  the  head  of  a  halbert. 

Uenutpherical,  half-round. 

Hermaphrodite,  a  flower  is  so  called  when  it  con- 
sists of  both  male  and  female  organs. 

ae^rogamous,  flowers  of  diflTerent  sexes  in  the 
•MB*  head. 

llJ^**Kal'4*^'^^^'*»«P>*^^- 
Bispld,  covered  with  brisUe-Iike  hairs. 


Haary,  clothed  with  a  grey  or  »Wte  d«««. 
Uomogamous,  all  the  flowers  hermafttTodae. 
Homogunous,  all  the  flowers  female. 
Hooded,  hollowed  into  the  form  oC  a  hood. 
Husk,  the  outer  covering  of  aotne  i"^;  ■•»* 
species  of  cal  vx  peculiar  to  eraates  sod  Mfss 
Hmx^ynous,  situated  below  the  ovarioia. 


I. 

Imbricate,  laid  over  each  other  like  tfles. 
Inipari-pinnate,  pinnate  leaves,  termimttoftstti 

an  odd  leaflet. 
Incumbent,  lying  upon. 
Indehiscent,  not  opening  natarally. 
Induplicate,  doubled  or  folded  inwards. 
Indurate,  hard. 
/»w«i7«<rra/,  unequal-sided. 
Inflated,  pulTed  up ;  blown  out  like  a  uiddtf  . 
Inflorescence,  disposition  of  the  flowers. 
Irtfra-^axUlary,  below  the  axils  of  the  leares. 
Infra-stipular,  below  the  stipules. 
Intemodes,  the  space   between  the  jdaU  » 

stems.  .  ,  , 

Interpetiolar,  between    the    petiolas   or  kjf 

stalks. 
Introrse,  turned  inwards. 
Inverted,  upside  down. 

tnvolueel,  a  small  involucre.  ,    ,  ^  ,     a. 

Involucre,  two  or  more  bracCeai  united  betov  tk 

flower. 
Inu>lucr(fbrm,  resembling  aa  involoer^ 


J. 


Jagged,  coarsely  cut. 

Jointed,  having  joints  or  articuUtiaat. 


K. 

Keel,  the  lower  petals  of  a  papiliooaoeoas  flo«  r: 
a  resemblance  to  the  ked  of  a  boot,  dtber  a 
leaves  or  flowers. 

Keel-skaped,  having  a  keel-like  appeanoos. 

Kneed,  bent  UIm  the  knee  joint. 


Labiate,  having  a  lip  or  lips. 
Lamellate,  divided  into  thin  plates. 
LamelUform,  shaped  like  the  gills  on  the  under 

side  of  a  mushroom  and  similar  fungi- 
Lamina,  the  upper  spreading  part  of  a  pdil. 
Laminated.    See  Lamellale. 
Lanceolate,  lance  or  spear  shaped. 
Lanceolate-elltptic,  a  form  between  lance-supM 

and  elliptic  or  oval. 
Lanceolate-oblong,  lance-shaped  and  oUoag- 
LanceolaU-ovate,  between  lanee-sha|MdaDdqgr 

shaped.  . 

Lanceolate-tubulate,  between  ianre  sImpM  «— 

awl -shaped. 
Lanuginous,  slightly  woolly. 
Lateral,  on  the  side  or  sides. 
Lax,  loose.  . 

Leaflet,  a  small  leaf,  forming  part  of  a  oonpcm 

loaf.  .    _ 

Legume,  a  nod ;  the  fruit  of  legomlnoos  ptaio- 
Lepidoted,  havbtg  prominent  dots.  __ 

Ligneous,  woodr ;  a  term  opposed  to  beAaaaa*- 
L^ate,  strap-like,  having  the  form  of  a  it»|j. 
Limb,  the  spreading  part  of  a  petal,  or  of  atahilsr 

flower.  j^ 

Linear,  narrow,  when  the  two  sides  are  vsu^ 

paralleL  ._ 

Linear-cuneated,    between  linear  and  «nc»- 

shaped. 
Linear-elliplk,  narroF*  and  elllpdc. 
Linear  Janeeotaie,  narrow  Lanoe-shued. 
Ltnear-cblong,  betweoi  linear  and  obknf. 
Linear-setaceous,   narrow,  approaching  to  >"■ 

form  of  a  bristle. 
Linear-subulate,   narrow,    and    taperiaf  »  * 

point. 
Uneate,  streaked  in  paralld  Unea. 


GLOSSARIAL    INDEX. 


1139 


L/jp,  the  lower  projecting  petal  of  an  Irregular 

flower. 
Lobe^  the  segment  of  a  divided  leaf. 
Loculia'dalt  admitting  the  escape  of  the  seeds 

through  the  valves. 
Lonurni^  a  kind  of  pod,  which,  when  ripe,  falls  in 

pieces  at  the  Joints. 
Lucfd,  shining. 
LuHuiate^  hali-moon-shaped. 
Ljfraie,  a  leaf  is  lyrate  when  its  apex  Is  rounded, 

and  there  are  several  small  lateral  lobes  towards 

its  base ;  harp  or  lyre-shaped. 

M. 

Membranaceous^  of  a  tbin  pliable  texture. 

Metamorphoseti,  changed  from  one  form  to  an- 
other. 

MonadeipkoiUf  having  the  filaments  united  at 
the  bottom  into  one  bundle,  or  brotherhood. 

Monil{form,  fonncd  like  a  necklace,  having  al- 
ternate swellings  and  contractions. 

Monoecious,  having  the  stamens  and  pistil  in  se- 
narate  flowers  on  the  same  plant. 

Monopetaious,  having  but  one  petal,  or  having 
the  petals  united  so  as  to  appear  but  one. 

MonospeifmmSf  one-seeded. 

Mucilaginous,  of  a  slimy  nature. 

Muero,  a  sharp  rigid  point. 

Mucronate,  terminating  in  a  spine,  or  mucro. 

Mucronate-cuspieUite,  tapering  suddenly  to  a 
point  which  is  tipped  with  a  mucro,  ur  spine. 

Mucnmaie-denticulate,  toothed,  each  tooth  ter- 
minated with  a  sharp  point. 

MucronuiaUt  having  a  small  hard  point. 

MuUiJid,  many-cleft. 

Murtcate,  covered  with  short  sharp  points. 

MuUCy  pointleM  ;  a  term  opposed  to  mucro. 

N. 

Narrotredf  tapering. 

Navicular,  boat-shaped. 

Strciar*/erous,  having  nectaries ;  bearing  honey. 

Nectary,  a  part  of  the  corolla,  for  the  most  part 

containing  honev. 
Nucameataecoux,  naving  catkins. 
Nucleus,  the  kernel  of  a  nut. 
Nucule^  a  small  nut. 

Nut,  a  seed  enclosed  within  a  hard  shell. 
Nuiant,  nodding. 

O. 

Obeouieal,  inverselv  cone-shaped. 

Obcordate,  inversely  heart-»haped. 

Obeuneate,  wedge-stiape  inverted. 

Obianceolate,  inversely  lance-shaped. 

Oblate,  flattened. 

Oblique,  not  direct  or  paiUlel. 

Oblong,  two  or  three  tiroes  longer  than  broad. 

Oblong'ttcutr,  oblong  and  sharp-pointed. 

ObUmg-cumrated,  between  oblong  and  wedge- 
shaped. 

Oblong-Umceolatey  between  oblong  and  lance- 
shaped. 

0hlong4ineart  in  form  between  oblong  and  linear. 

Ob/ong-oval,  a  form  between  oblong  and  oval. 

ObovatC'Cuneated^  between  obovate  and  wedge- 
shaped,  with  the  broadest  end  uppermost. 

ObovtUe  lanceolate,  a  form  between  egg-shaped 
and  lance-shaped  inverted. 

Obovate^pathulate,  a  form  between  obovate  and 
that  of  a  spatula. 

Obsolete,  hardly  evident. 

Obtuse,  blunt. 

Ochrea^  membranous  stipules  surrounding  the 
stem  and  cohering  by  their  anterior  margins. 

Oetandrous,  having  8  stamens. 

Opaque,  not  reflecting  light ;  not  transparent. 

Opposite,  placed  in  pairs  on  opposite  sides  of  a 
stem. 

OrtMatropous,  straight,  and  having  the  same  di> 

rection  as  the  body  to  which  it  belongs. 
Oval,  in  the  form  of  an  ellipsis. 


/!.»...-..«.  C*****  germen,  or  incipient  seed-vessel, 
nf  ^fi     •  \     which  contains  the  rudiments  of  the 
Offl/y,      I     future  seed. 
Ovate-acuminate,  egg.shaped  in  the  lower  part, 

and  tapering  to  a  point. 
Ovate-acute,  egg-shajxid  in  part,  but  terminating 

in  a  sharp  point 
Ovate-arrow-shaped,   a   form   intermediate  be- 

twen  egg-shaped  and  arrow-shaped 
Ovale-catnpanuiate,  a  figure  between  egg-shaped 

and  bcU-shaped. 
Ovate-elliptic,  between  egg-shaped  and  elliptical. 
Ovate-globose,  a  form  between  round  and  egg- 

shnpcd. 
Ovate-lanceolatet  between  egg-shaped  and  lauce- 

shaped. 
Ovoid,  egg-shaped 

Ovoid-cylindriceU,  egg-shaped  and  cylindrical. 
(Mntlum,  an  incipient  seed. 

P. 


Paleaceous,    having     or  abounding   in  chaSy 

scales. 
Paleee,    chaffy  scales,    common   In   compound 

flowers. 
Palmate,  palm-shaped,  divided  so  as  to  resemble 

the  hana  spread  open. 
Panduriform,  fldiile-shapt'd. 
Panicle,  a  louse  irregular  mode  of  inflorescence, 

bimilarly  disposed  to  that  of  many  grasses,  as 

oats. 
Papilionnceous,  butterfly-shaped  flowers,  as  those 

of  the  common  pea. 
Pajtilliform,  bearing  resemblance  to  small  glan- 

aular  excrescences  or  pimples. 
Pappose,  downy ;  having  pappus. 
Ptmpus,  a  kind  of  down  formed  by  the  minute 

division  of  the  limb  of  the  cadyx  of  the  Com- 

p6sitse. 
Parietal,  attached  to  the  sides  or  walls  of  the 

ovary. 
Pectinate,  comb.shaped. 

Pedicel,  the  flower-stalk  of  each  separate  flower. 
Pedicellate,  having  pedicels. 
Peduncle,  tlie  principal  flower-stalk. 
Pedunculate,  naving  peduncles. 
Pellucid,  transparent ;  bright. 
Peltate,  a  peltate  leaf  has  the  petiole  fixed  in  the 

centre  of  the  disk,  instead  of  in  the  margin. 
Pendulous,  drooping ;  hanging  down. 
Pentagonal,  five-angled. 
Pentandrous,  having  5  stamens. 
Pentnpctalous,  five-petaled. 
Per/oUate,  a  leaf  is  said  to  be  perfoliate  when  the 

stem  passes  through  its  base,  as  in  the  honey- 
suckle. 
Per/orated,  pierced  through,  apparently  full  ol 

holes. 
Perianth,   the  flower -cup;  the  envelope  which 

surrounds  the   flower :  a  term  applied  w  Iumi 

the  calyx  cannot  be  distinguished  from  the  co- 
rolla. 
Pericarp,  the  covering  of  the  seed-vessd. 
Peri^onal,  having  t>otn  calyx  and  corolla. 
Perif^ynims,  inserted  In  the  calyx,  or  in  the  disk 

wliich  adheres  to  the  calyx. 
Peripheric,  curved ;  circular. 
Persistent,  remaining ;  not  falling  off. 
Petal,  a  division  of  a  corolla. 
Petiolate,  having  petioles,  or  footstalks,  to  the 

leaves. 
Petiole,  the  footstalk  of  a  leaf. 
Pctiolule,  the  footstalk  nf  n.  leaflet. 
PelioUUate,  having  peiioluleo. 
Pilose,  hairy. 

Pinnar,  the  leaflet*  of  a  pinnate  loaf. 
Pinnate,  a  leaf  divided  into  many  smaller  leaves 

or  leaflets  is  said  to  be  pinnate. 
Pistil,  the  columnar  body  usually  situated  in  the 

centre  of  a  flower ;  when  perfect  it  consists  of 

the  germen,  style,  and  stigina. 
Placenta,  that  part  of  the  seed-vessel  to  which 

the  seeds  are  aflBxed. 
Plono-eonvez,  flat  on  the  one  side  and  convex  oo 

the  other. 
Plicate,  plaited. 

4d  2 


1140 


OLOSSARIAL    INDEX. 


Ptmmoae^  bMring  a  reMmblanee  to  featherts 

tethery. 
Plmmmle^  the  aacending  thoot  of  a  seedling. 
Potf,  a  kind  of  leed-veeiel  »imllar  to  that  of  the 

common  pea. 
PmUra,  fkrina,  or  duit,  contained  within  t'ne  cell* 

of  the  anther*  when  perfect ;  it  it  euenUai  to 

fructification. 
Poigamdromi^  haTing  more  than  90  stamens  In- 

aertnl  in  the  receptacle. 
Pol^gamouMt  producing  male,  female,  and  her- 
maphrodite flowers  on  the  same  plants. 
Po^fpetaiout,  having  manjr  petals. 
Pome^  a  (halt  composed  or  the  fleshy  tubular  part 

of  the  calyx,  and  crowned  by  the  persistent 

limb. 
Pouchy  a  small  bag,  or  sac,  at  the  base  of  some 

petals  and  sepals. 
Prickle,  a  rigid  opaque  process  terminating  in 

an  acute  point,  unconnected  with  the  woody 

fibre. 
Procumbenif  prostrate. 
Pmbarulotu^  clothed  with  spreading  down. 
Pubescent^  covered  with  short  soft  nairs. 
Puneturedt  dotted. 
Putamen,  a  nut  of  many  cells. 
PyramiiUU,  formed  like  a  pyramid. 
Pyrtna,  a  kind  of  fruit,  synonymous  with  the 

term  Pome. 
Pfffifitrw^  shaped  like  a  pear. 


Qmtidramgmiar,  having  four  angles. 
QntadrifarUnu.  arranged  in  four  rows ;  or  ranksi 
ihMdr{/U,  four-parted  ;  divided  into  four  parts. 
Qmmqu^,  flve-parted ;  divided  into  five  parts. 


Raeemet  a  mode  of  inflorescence  In  which  the 
flowers  are  arranged. around  a  simple  filiform 
axis,  each  particular  flower  on  iu  own  proper 
fooutalk. 

RaeemmU,  a  small  raceme 

Maehii,  the  common  footstalk  of  spikes  or  panicles 
of  flowers,  and  of  compound  leaves ;  the  axis  of 
the  cone  of  the  silver  flr  and  the  cedar. 

RadituU,  divided  like  the  rays  of  a  star. 

Badicle^  the  root  of  an  embiyo. 

JtameiUaoeoui,  having  small  loose  scales  iqMD  the 
stem. 

Ramou.  branched. 

Roftke,  in  seeds,  the  channel  of  vessels  which  con- 
nects the  cnalaxa  at  one  end  of  the  seed-vessel 
with  the  hilum  at  the  other. 

Reeeptade,  that  part  of  the  fructification  which 
supports  the  other  parts. 

Aeeurwd^  curved  backwards. 

R^MeA,  bent  backwards. 

Bigtna,  a  kind  of  seed-vessel,  ^ree  or  more  celled, 
tew-seeded,  superior,  dry,  the  ceils  bursting 
fkrom  the  axis  with  elasticity  into  two  valves. 

ite»(form,  kidnev-shaped. 

JUpimd,  when  the  margin  of  a  leaf  has  a  wavy 
undulated  ^ipearance,  the  leaf  is  said  to  be 
repand. 

RepUcaU,  folded  back. 

BmculaUd,  net-like,  usually  applied  to  the  veins 
or  nerves. 

Behae,  ending  In  a  broad  shallow  notchi  appear- 
ing as  if  bitten  olTat  the  end. 

JlevoimU,  rolled  back. 

Jthombfe,  1  a  figure  approaching  to  a  diamonds 

RkomboittyS    shapes 

JUri<l.stiC 

jUngemiy  gaping. 

ilotete,  wheel-shaped:  a  monopetalous  ooroUa, 
having  a  very  snort  tube  and  a  flat  Umb,  is 
called  rotate. 

JZsi^fesseeal,  somewhat  rusty. 

Jmjjcosf,  rough,  or  coarsely  wrinkled. 

Mmmrtmate.  cot  into  several  tranaverae  acuta  seg- 
ments which  point  backwards. 


S. 

SagUtate,  arrow-shaped,  shaped  like  the  tesd  of 

an  arrow. 
Salver'SJkaped,  applied  to  the  calyx  or  eofoDs 

when  the  tube  is  long  and  slender,  «d  ihs 

limb  flat 
Samanh  a  kfaid  of  winged  seed-vesael  oaottiolBg 

one  or  more  seeds,  surrounded,  or  pardsUf 

surroimded,  by  a  thin  transparent  ncsabnM. 
Satruandanu,  bearing  samars. 
Sarmgniote,  producing  trailing  stems  vUck  roA 

at  every  Joint. 
SedbrouBy  rough  ftrom  little  ameritlcs. 
Seofe,  a  terra  usually  applied  to  the 

the  amentum  or  caUdn ;  also  braotec  oft 
SaUe-formed,  having  tlie  form  of  acales. 
Seafyt  having  scales. 
Seandeni,  clunblng. 
Scape,  a  stem  rising  immediately  from  the  rosl. 

bearing  flowers  omy,  or,  at  most,  flowcn  ad  i 

few  bracteae. 
ScmriomM,  dtj  and  membranous. 
Seobfform,  formed  of  a  very  thin,  hoUov.BMi- 

branous  aril,  containing  a  globdar  btt  seed  k 

its  cavity. 
Secttmt,  arranged  on  one  side  only. 
Semi,  half. 

Semin(fiennu,  seed-bearing. 
Sepaloid,  resembling  lepus. 
Sepals,  divisions  of  the  calyx . 
SepUddal,  divkUng  at  the  dlasepiaMatstoaMt 

the  escape  of  semis. 
Sept(feroui,  having  septa  or  partitkns. 
Serrate,  like  the  teeth  of  a  saw. 
Serrulate,  flnely  notched,  like  the  teeth  of  svaiy 

flne  saw. 
Se$»ile,.wUbaut  stalks. 
Seta,  a  bristle;  a  strong,  stiff,  ronndlihhair. 
Setaceom,  resembling  a  bristle  in  Ibna. 
SeUgerous,  bearing  bristles. 
Selo$e,  bristly ;  clothed  with  bristles. 
SkeatA,  the  lower  part  of  a  leaf  or  petkibvUck 

surrounds  tlie  stem. 
SkUU,  a  broad  table-like  process  tn  sosas  lovwi. 

also  the  seed-vessel  in  lichens. 
Silicle,  a  kind  of  pod,  short  and  round,  viUi  em 

valves,  and  having  iU  seeds  attached  to  b«fe 

sutures. 
Siliqme,  a  long  and  narrow  dir  seed-veMcl  en 

two  valves/tne  seeds  of  which  are  sftenmi 

fixed  to  both  sutures. 
S^mated,  cut  Into  sc<rilopt. 
Sirnms,  a  notch  or  cavi^,  ^  ^ 

Sorotii,  a  spike  or  raceme  ooovertad  Into  t  flow 

fruit  by  the  cohesion,  in  a  singb  nas^  of  0* 

ovaria  and  fioral  envelopes. 
Spatkaceom,  having  a  spathe ;  spithe  Hts 
Mtkmlate,  shaped  like  a  spatala. 
Sphacelate,  withered,  but  not  decayed. 
^icate,  having  an  iofloreaoeiioe  in  vhkh  M 

flowers  are  sessile,  or  nearly  so,  upon  ooe  hai 

common  footstalk,  or  rachis.  .^ 

Spine,  a  thorn  which  proceeds  flrom  the  woof. 

not  from  the  bark  only. 
^tueioent,  ftimished  with  spiDO-Uke  pttnaiM. 
atitmlet  a  saoall  spine. 
Spttrred^  having  nom-llke 

by  various  parts  of  a  flower. 
SqudaTO$e,  ragged ;  scurty. 
llamas,  the  male  organ  of  a  flower.  ,  . 

Slamimodia,  scales  at  the  base  of  Dm  V^  ■ 

some  flowers,  as  in  those  of  some  speosi  ai 

lime.  __ 

Stamdard^  the  upper  petal  la  papOknacaia 

flowera. 
Striate,  radiating  in  a  atar-Uke  manner. 
Stem^datping,  the  petiole  of  a  leaf  van" 

dilated  ao  aa  to  enfold  the  atem  with  its  atft 

la  aaid  to  be  atem-claaplBg.  ^_^ 

Si^,  the  atalk  of  the  germen  or  oviiT  ««■ 

the  corolla  and  calyx ;  the  trunk  or  a  ue^ 

iern,  Jtc 
aAN<ate,ftiniiahedwlthaallM.  ^  ^_  . 

sAmle,  a  smaU  laarorBMaOnMirtthskais* 

thepetiola. 


OL088ARIAL   INDEX. 


1141 


SUfiulale,  luiTing  itlpalat. 

StoUmifieromt,  bearing  raimen  which  root  at  th« 

Joints. 
Stomata,  pores  of  the  qildermls. 
Striated^  streaked. 

Strigote^  oorered  with  little,  npright,  stilT  hairs. 
Strobile,  a  cone;  this  term  is  also  applied  to 

indicate  the  lOnd  of  fruit  produced  bj  the 

magnolia. 
Siffle,  that  part  of  the  pistil  which  U  situated 

upon  the  germen,  and  elerates  the  stigma. 
Sub,  somewhat ;  as  sub^rottmd,  somewhat  round, 

or  roundish,  dec. 
8inffrutico$e,  rather  shmbbj. 
Smicate,  ftirrowed. 

Suratli,  young  shoots;  suckers;  stems  of  mosses. 
Smrcuiose,  producing  surculi,  or  young  shoots. 
Suture,  the  line  formed  by  the  cohesion  of  two 

parts,  usually  applied  to  the  fhiit. 
Slieon,  a  fleshy  rachis,   harfng  the  form  of  a 

flattened  disk,  or  of  a  hollow  receptacle^  with 

distinct  flowers    and  dry  perlcarpia,  as   In 

theflg. 


T. 

TendrOt,  the  twining  organs  by  which  some 
plants  lay  hold  of  others,  as  the  rlne. 

Terete,  long  and  round ;  straw-like. 

Termimal,  at  the  end. 

TenuuTf,  consisting  of  threes. 

Temale,  a  leaf  of  tnree  leaflets  is  called  temate. 

TeseeUated,  chequered. 

Tetta,  the  shell  or  cuticle  of  a  seed,  containing 
all  its  parts. 

Tetragonal,  four-angled. 

Tetragomom,  having  four  angles. 

T^ifTte,   >a  mode  of  inflorescenoe  in  a  dense 

Tkifmu,  S    or  close  panicle,  as  In  the  lilac. 

ThifrtoM,  resembling  a  thyrse. 

TomeiUhfm,  down ;  white  hairs  closely  matted 
t(»gether,  and  soft  to  the  touch. 

TotMud,  so  dlrided  as  to  resemble  teeth. 

TootUeted,  haring  small  teeth. 

Top-ihaped,  inversely  conical ;  having  a  eontrac- 
non  towards  the  point. 

Tortuou*,  twisted. 

Torutote,  having  slight  swellings. 

Tortm,  the  receptacle  when  somewhat  elevated. 

T^uiling.    Sfo  Sarmentou. 

TrtgteaoukU,  bearing  a  resemblance  in  form  to 
that  of  a  trapezium,  or  quadrilateral  figure, 
whose  ftmr  sifMs  are  not  equal,  and  none  of  its 
sides  parallel. 

Trapexoideiheordale,  a  form  between  that  of  a 
trapesium  and  that  of  a  heart. 

Trtekotomom,  branches  dividing  into  threes. 

Trifld,  three-deft. 

Tri/iiUate,  having  three  leaves. 

Trjfoiiolate,  having  three  lesdlets. 

Trigonal,  8-angled. 

Trtgj/nout,  having  three  styles. 

Triple^nerved,  8-nerved. 

TYiquetroue,  S-sided. 

Truneaie,  blunt,  as  if  cut  oiT. 

Tube,  the  cylinthical  part  of  a  flower. 

Tubercle,  a  litae  knob. 

TubercutaUt  covered  with  little  knobs  or  tuber- 
cles. 

Tubulout,  having  a  tubuhur  calyx,  corolla,  nec- 
tary, stem,  or  leaf. 

Tmfted,  forming  a  dense  tuft. 

Tumid,  swelling. 

Turhhu^,  top-shaped. 

TitKTgtdt  puflM  up  (  swollen 


U. 

UmbeUaie,  having  the  flowers  fai  round  flat  heads, 

the  flower-stalks  proceedii^  flrom  one  common 

centre. 
UmbeUtUet  a  small  umbel;  a  division  of  an 

umbel. 
Umbilieate,  hollowed  like  the  navel. 
Umbilicus,  the  cord  which  attaches  the  seed  to 

the  placenta. 
Umbo,  a  projecting  point  in  the  centre^  like  the 

boss  in  an  ancient  shield. 
Umdonate,  havfaic  an  umbo. 
t/netuout,  oily ;  lat. 
UndukUe,  waved. 
Dnguiculate,  furnished  with  a  claw,  or  an  unguto, 

as  the  petals  of  the  pink. 

Urceohu,  the  part  when  bellying  out  In  the  form 

of  a  pitcher. 
UlrieU,  a  little  bladder. 


V. 

Fabmte,  opening  by  ralves. 

Valeular,  consisting  of  valres. 

Vaulted,  formed  like  the  roof  of  a  vault. 

fV/wte,  covered  with  soft  down,  Uke  velret. 

Feniriooee,  inflated ;  swelled  out. 

Fematiom,  the  disposition  of  the  young  or  grow. 

ing  leaves  within  the  bud. 
Verruoose,  warted ;  covered  with  fleshy  processes, 

in  form  resembling  warts. 
VenatUe^  vane-llke:   an  anther   fixed   in   the 

centre  on  the  point  of  the  filament,  so  as  to 

be  continually  changing  Its  position,  is  said  to 

be  versatile. 
Vertieel,  a  mode  of  Inflorescenoe  in  which  th« 

flowers  surround  the  stem  in  a  kind  of  ring, 

though  not,  perhaps,  inserted  on  all  sides  of  It, 

but  merely  on  two  opposite  ones. 
FertieUlate,  growing  in  whorls  round  the  stem. 
Fesillmm,  the  standard,  or  banner  (the  upper 

petal),  of  a  papilionaceous,  or  pea,  flower. 
Fitlom,  clothed  with  soft,  close,  loose  hairs. 

Vittit,  longitudinal  ducts  or  canals,  containing  an 
oily  or  resinous  substance,  found  within  the 
coat  of  the  carpels  of  some  umbelliferous 
plants. 

W. 

FFosy,  undulated. 

JVedge-tAaped,  inversely  triangularis  with  rounded 
angles. 

JVkarl,  a  disposition  of  leaves  or  flowers  round 
the  stem,  resembling  the  spokes  round  the  nare 
of  a  wheel. 

Wing,  a  membranous  border ;  a  membrane  at* 
tacned  to  some  kinds  of  seeds,  by  which  they  are 
supported  in  the  dr  when  floating  tnm  place 
to  place. 

Winged,  iVunished  with  a  wing  or  wings. 

Wings,  the  side  petals  of  a  p^ilionaceous,  or  pea, 
flower. 

Woolfy,  covered  with  hairs  closely  matted  to- 
gether. 

Wrinkled,  having  an  unequal  surlhce. 


Z. 

Zigxs^,  bending  (torn  side  to  side. 


4d  8 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


The  tynonyntCB  tn  In  Italkat :  nnd,  for  Om  wke  of  clwniMi,  thr  umal  npognphtcal  Indleatloot  a*  omlctad. 

TtMMc  who  wUh  to  Mt  any  nxme  or  ■yiionTmc  in  connexion  with  the  othe^  names  or  •vnonrmca  to  which  ic  to 
trouble  of  tuminc  to  the  d  lerictlona  in  the' body  of  the  work,  m«y  turn  at  once  to  the  Table  of  Contcnla,  beCvea 
For  example,  tup|KHln|t  it  were  derirMl  to  aacertatn,  with  the  Irxrt  possiible  trouble,  the  potttion  of  Otfoa  c^fe-iiis 
cUtuica ;  then,  the  paue  rcf-nred  to  after  C.  c^prioa  bein^  .^7..  look  for  that  pa««  tai  the  eolnniai  of  page*  m  (be 
It  will  be  found  tn  the  midd'e  ooluran  of  p.  tU.,  where  there  an,  ooeupvtnc  aboot  half  a  cotomn,  C.  cfprim 
•prcieii  and  Tarletic*  of  Clttn*  glren  In  the  work.  A«Uoi<^i>C  t*  t^  doady  allied  genus  JEr«liAaitieinaai,  wMdi  afc 
•pocica  a(F  Cituu  as  synonjiiMk 


AbfU  Tree     - 
Abies  D  Don 
J'bies  Link    - 
il'&iW  aiba  Mm.    - 
ilba  Michx. 

nikna  Dickson    - 
americdna    - 
Arardgi  Sieb. 
batsaminea  Du  H. 
bal$am\ffra  Michx. 
BrunoniUna  Lindl. 
aei'iilra  Brtoth 
ciitifdrnia  Hort.    - 
canad<»nsi»  M*.     - 
cnrpdticn  Hort.     - 
Ceilrus  Polr. 
cephatSnica  A.  B.  * 
commUnii  Hort.    - 

phuiiUa 
curvijfblia  Hort.    - 
Droddra  Lindl.     - 
DoujilAsii  LfiMtf.  - 

taxift>lu     - 
dumbsa 

fitrgans  Sm.  of  Ayr 
exceliia  Link 
cxcelfta  Dec. 

<»rp&tica    - 

Clanbr&tillAna  - 
»trlcta     - 

roinmCknit 

fdliis  rariegitis  - 

gig»ntda     - 

niunstrftia 

Diucronita  Hort. 

nlRra 

p^ndula 

pypmaj'a    - 

tenuiR)lia  • 
falcilta 

FrdiiTi  Lindl. 
giffO'ifeii  Sm.  of  Ayr 
uraniiis  liirnll. 
heter(»phVlla 
hirtell.i  numb. 
hirtiUn  Lindl. 
Kecnipjini  Thunb. 
KhCitrow 
Larix  Lam.  - 
Juxcombt'tina  Hort. 
tnuiiimn  Wangli.  - 
M6rni  Sieb.  - 
Mf-nzi^-ii  Dot/g.    - 
M(Mte!i>ifiii.i  fiii'iii. 
fnicrodirpa  Pi)ir.  - 
vtonftidsa  Hort.    - 
Mot  I  no  a  Hort. 
ndnj  Hort.  Soc.    - 
nigra  /  o»r.     - 
tiubilis  Liiidl. 
oil  iquila 

ob(>v4ta  D.  Don    - 
orieutaiis  Toum.  - 


Pane 

Pace  ^ 

f*V^ 

819 

Pfca  Lindl.  -       -  1037 

ibfricum  Bleb. 

84 

lO-i.'S 

Picea  Mill.    -        -  1026 

italum  Lauth 

89 

1036 

peciindta  Dec.       -  1037 

Icrigitum  irai!6  . 

1112 

1037 

pectinhta       -        -  1032 

laurifblium  D.  Don 

79 

1030 

pSnduia  Polr.        -  I&56 
Plchta  Pitch.         -  1043 

tobitum  Fisch.      - 

88 

1030 

LoA()2(i  Ten. 

83 

1035 

Pirudpo  Roil.       .1041 

longifblium  Booth 

86 

1036 

religidta  Lindl.     -  1049 

macrocarpum  Hort. 
macropbyllum  P;k. 

90 

1044 

rtibra  Poir.  -        -  1032 

89 

1044 

cKrillea      -        -  1032 

mon/indm  Ait.     - 

80 

1036 

sibtrira-        -        -  1043 

moncpeMuUniim  L. 

92 

1032 

sitchcnsii  Song.   -  10.36 

Neg^ndo  L.  - 

m 

l(i:i3 

Smithidna  A.  B.  -  103*) 

nigrum  Mx.  - 
oblungum  ff'a//.    - 

85 

iav> 

Smithidna  Lindl.  -  10)2 

79 

1027 

tax(rolin  Hort.  Par.  1037 

obtUB&tum  Kit.     - 

88 

]()ft7 

taxifidia  Hort.       -  10.3!* 

C4>riiceum 

88 

1(39 

TAxiffUio  Hort.  A.  1044 

ibfricum    - 

88 

1026 

TVixiya/ioToum.-  1017 

lobltum      - 

88 

1027 

trnuiPilia  Sm.  Ayr  1027 

obtmiJlUium  Sib.  - 

94 

1030 

TAwiiMrf/f  Thunb  lrt'6 
rorano  Sieb.        -  1036 

(Vpalu*  Ait.  - 

89 

law 

opulifblium   - 

94 

1033 

io;» 

trlgtina           -        -  1036 
vtU^ilnt  Polr         -  1037 

(^ulifdlmm  Hort.- 
palmatum  TMnttb. 

86 
90 

1036 

Wfbbiina  Lindl.  -  lO.'il 

parviftdrvm  Ehrh. 

80 

1027 

Abietlna?         -        -    947 

parvifMium  Tatuck 

94 

1037 

Abroinnummas Dod.  5.^) 

fienmyipdnicum  Out.  90  \ 

10*26 

.icdcia  Pluk    -        -    233 

pennsylvdnicuan  \*. 

81 

10-27 

americiiHa  Pluk.  -    250 

platanoldet  L. 

83 

10^27 

triacanthos  Hort  -    250 

platanoidrt  G .  Don 

83 

10-27 

AcerAcese    -      -  79.  1112 

aibo-variegitum  H.  83  | 

102(> 

A^cer /..      -      -79.1112 

adreoTar  Hort. 

83 

1027 

barbdtum  Hort.    -      86 

crispum  Lauth  - 

83 

1027 

barbatum  Mx.       -      94 

laciniitum  Dec. 

83 

1027 

Buztmpdla  Hamil.      79 

Lohilii       - 

83 

1027 

campcstre  L.         -      93 

variegjtum 

83 

1026 

austrlacum7r<i</.     93 

Pieudo.PliUnut  L. 

86 

10-27 

colllnum  WaUr.       93 

filbo-Tariegita   • 

86 

10>7 

(bliii  variegikris  .     93 

fl.\vo-vari^giita  - 

66 

IC27 

hebecirpum  Dec.     93 
het«;rocarpum    -  1112 

longifblia 

86 

1036 

lutficrns  Hort. 

86 

1044 

levigatum  Lodd.      93 

marr6ptcra  Hat/m  86  | 

10-27 

nAnum  Lodd.     -      93 

microjptera  Hayne 
opulifblia  - 

86 

1045 

rdhriB         -        -  1112 

86 

1036 

canadinse  Marsh.-      81 

purpdrea  Hort.  - 

86 

loao 

carulinian'irnW'aW.      92 

stennptera  Hayue 

86 

10;V) 

circin&tum  Pursh  -      92 

rubrum  Wang. 

90 

h?(] 

cocci neum  Ait       -      92 

rvtundijbiium  L.     - 

89 

J  0.32 

cooclneum  Hort.  -      90 

rdbrum  /..     - 

90 

10.13 

c6lci)icum  Hartv.    1112 

intermMlum  Lodd 

.92 

10.19 

rblirura  Base         -  1112 

saccb&rinum  L.    • 

86 

io:<i 

coridceuin  Bo»c     -      38 

nigrum 

85 

ia'i6 

crdticum  I-,.  -        -      94 

nigrum  T.&  G. 

85 

1-31 

das^ctirpnmVi'iiU.      IK) 

sangutnrtrm  Spach 

92 

WW 

criiK^rpum  A/x.     -      90 

sempervirrns  L.    - 

94 

io.v; 

fldrldum  Hort.       -      90 

spic&tum  Lata,     . 

80 

1027 

glMbrmn  Torr.    94.  1112 

strli^tum  L.   • 

81 

1032 

glai'ca  Marsh.       -      92 

tai^riruin  L. 

80 

1027 

glnCciim  Marsh.    -      <K) 

tauricura 

9S 

10:U 

granatenso  Boit.  -      94 

tomentbsum  H.  P. 

90 

1047 

graiuli(lont.itum  Sut. 

trilobitum  Hort.  - 

86 

irao 

MSS.    -        -94.1112 

trilobdtum  Iwun.  - 

92 

1029 

heUroph^llum  Willd.  94 

trilobum  Momch  • 

9S 

1029 

hyrc&num      -       •      93 

trifbUum  Duh.      • 

92 

pappi^xti  I 
Adaro's  NN 


P«i 
tripartnma  MBCtllllS 
^iUiitmm  Presl  -  il 
^irgini^mm  Chi  H.  91 
9irr*nHnmam  HorL  SI 
Adt§frAutka  Fonk.  C?7 
Fonk.  -  57 
.Serdle       -  IMI 

Adrh'a  Micfa.  -  -  7(4 
aruntim^tM  Mx.  -  714 
lie^trina  Mvii.  -  713 
porul5«a  Mx.  .    T)4 

Adenncirpns  Dec.  -  JS 
Boiuldn  If  (-M  -  S? 
decdrttcans  BoUu  -  tZT 
IntermMins  Drt.  -  SM 
parvirJins  Dec  -  IS* 
teJoncnaU  Drc-  -  29^ 
vfoigStutts  Sprmf.     SO 

kttpHt/t  Roxb.        -    OS 

P$end'  .icdrtti  Roxb.  SJ 
XjKuMkcix  -  I2<  1213 
JE'fculus  -  1^  im 

atplrnifblin  Hort.      19 

cnitfdmica  Naci.  - 

otfnsr«  Hort. 

ritcci  uTfl  Hoff^      • 

dtscotor  Ph.  > 

rcAi'saJki  MuhL 
JUti^n  Ait 

glAbra  »1fZ24. 

ffi"lA^«  Tor.  &Gn7  IS 
ppocAstanum  L.  m 
amcrtriouiB  -  MS 
arp^tro-vaiVflt.  IJI 
aurvo-Tarirsixiai  IM 
crltpun  .    ni 

fidre  piteo  - 
IndAim 
nigrum       -^ 
pr»*cox 
mbictiikia  - 
»triaPii/) 
tortu6sutn  - 
rw  ft  fr  MiirfMiii 
kkmiiis  luMfcL         -    M 
/dfi'/iWanK.  *    Bi 

iW4»C)no»/dc£y  Mx.     Di 
ntgUcUi  Lindl.      -    A 
ohio^nda  V«.        .    IS 
okio^nxis  LtmU. 
pdLlhda  nv/ML 
ywfi/M/A  WUkL 
Pavia  L. 
^  dixeoiar  T  ft  G.  SB 
fnacrocarpa  LxA.  W 
riibra  Ha<oe      -    IS 
$errata  llorL     -    W 
par^^ra  Wak.    IS 
rd«ca  Hort.       -    1* 
rd«r«  Hort.        -    IS 
rubtcAnda  Lm.    -    IX 

W 


EM 
IS 
IS 
IS 

r* 

IS 


.    IS 

.  IS 
.  IS 
.  I1D 
.  IS 
-    IS 


.  IS 
.  IS 
.  IS 
.    IS 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


1143 


Page 

WaUom^naS,     -  126 

Ageria  Adanton     -  163 

Agrifdlmm  CUyt.  -  160 

pu/gdre  CXajL      -  161 

A'muM  cdttus  Bl    -  678 

Aiuinto  ...  149 

AiULntiu  JDei^.         -  145 

glandiil5M  Z)«|f.  •  HA 

prttcira  SaL          -  145 

Atat6ntu$       -       .  171 

sempervirau  KoehL  631 

Alder      .        -       -832 

Alexandrian  Laur^  1)01 

AU  SatnU*  Ckerrjf  -  281 

Almond  Tree  -       -  Sfil 

A'Iniu  Towm.    93^.  1117 

acumlniita  H.  et  M  836 

omerictLna  Lodd.  >  835 

iMrbhta  Mey.         .  836 

canadtntislAidA.  -  835 

caseanetfblia  Mirb.  B37 

corddta  Tm.         -  835 

curdif 51U  Lodcl    -  835 

crispa  Fursh         .  835 

denCiculita  Fi§eh.  .1117 

Jruttcdsa  Schm.    -  886 

gialica  Mx.   -       .834 

gludjdsa  GitriH.  >  832 

emvgiTAumUd.  83'i 

fdlii«Tarieg&Us/f.  833 

tndsa  Hort.      .  832 

lacinlkta  i4f<.      -  832 

xnacrocirpa       -  833 

oxjracantnaer6lia  832 

quercif&lia  WUld.  832 

incana  mUd.        -  834 

anguUU  ilti.      -  834 

glatica        .       -  834 

bcinikta  Lodd,  -  834 

JorruUensii   -       >  886 

macroc&rpa  Lodd.  833 

obtusifblla  Aoyto  -  835 

oblongiU  IViUd.  -  834 

Ibliis  elllpticia  wlA.  834 

ovdta  Lodd.  .       .836 

oxjfaeantk^dUa'L.  832 

•errul&ta  mild.    -  &15 

undul&ta  IVilld.    -  835 

subcordiU  Afi!y.  -  836 

▼iridis  Dec.  -       -  886 

Althof'afr^tex        -  62 

AlAngia  Noronh.   -  932 

exeflsa  Noronh.    -  933 

Amelaiichier  M.  412. 1 1 1 6 

Botry&plum  Dec.  -  412 

fl6r{daLfVutf.        -  414 

panrifMla  .       -  414 

ovilis  Dec.    .       -  413 

ggmi.integrlfi>lia  414 

■ubconUita    414.1115 

parvifibra  Doug.  413 

•anguinea  Dec.     .  413 

▼ulgiLria  AfomcA    .  412 

American  AUtpice  452 

Americao  Aih        .  646 

American  Elm       >  723 

Amer.  Honeysuckle  592 

American  Oaks       -  862 

American  Pines     -  969 

Amm^sineTh.     -  602 

buxt/dlia  Ph,        .  6()2 

Z^om'Swt.   -       -  602 

/*ro8trdla  Swt.      -  602 

m6rpha  L.  >         •  S.'iO 

canescens  Nuit.    >  232 

crdceo-lankta        -  2:11 

fl^grans  Swt.        -  231 

IhiticbsaL.  -       .  230 

angustifbliaPs/'.  230 

cairtilea  Lod.  Cat  X)Q 
emarginica  Purs/i  230 

Lewisii  Lod.  Cal.  230 

glabra  Drtf.  -       -  230 

microph^UaVwiXx  231 

X^XiSLliUtt.      -         -  2^11 

naiM  Sims    -       -  'i3] 


Pag* 

fpubiseent  Pursh  232 

Ampeidpsis  Mx.   189. 141 

blpinnata  Ms.       -  140 

botrya  Dec.  -       .140 

capreoUra  O.  Don  140 

cord^ta  ifdr.  .       .140 

hedericoa  Mx.      •  I^ 

hirstiU  Donn    .  139 

kir.y^a  Donn        >  140 

inclsa    .       .       .140 

quinqwfima  H.   -  139 

Amf  Kdalus  r.  .  261.1114 

arginiea  Lam.      -  265 

Bessen'dna  SchoCt  262 

cofnpistris  Betser  262 

commtinis  L.        >  SU3 

am&ra  l>«c.         >  263 

ddlcis  Dec.         -  264 

fl.  pldno  Baum.  C.  2<>4 

fbl.  varieg.  itoum.  264 

fri^lis&rr.        -  264 

macroc&rpa  Ser.  264 

persicoldea  Ser.  264 

A'//i//«  Hell.         .  264 

SeOrgica  Desf.       -  2b2 

iCHiia  Fall.  .       >  263 

nina  L. .      -       -  262 

Camparis  Ser.  -  262 

gQ6rgica  Dec.     -  262 

ittcdna  Guld.     -  263 

sibirica  Lo<<d.    .  262 

orientklis  Ait.        -  265 
Pallkaii  Ledeb.      .1114 

pedunculdta  Pallas  1114 

p^r$iea  L.     -       >  266 

pirsica  Lam.         -  267 

Nt'clarina  Ait.  -  267 

pftf/ir/aL.     -        -  286 

tom«n<d«a  Lodd.  C.  263 

twltldris  Dec         -  262 

Am^rii  Car.   -       -  192 

poi^gama  Car.      -  192 

Anacardlikcee  - 184.  1113 

.^Riwyrftf  WaU.      .  199 

indffca  Wall.         .  199 

Andrichne  Clus.    >  575 

Theophr&sti  Clus.  575 

Andr6roeda  I».        -  560 

aeumincUa  Ait.     -  569 

angusti/dlia  Ph.  -  563 

arodrea  L.  Sp.      -  566 

axiUdrit  Sol.         -  568 

bryanika  L.  Mant.  571 

aeriilea  L.  Sp.      -  571 

calycuUUa  L.  Sp.  -  563 

angutt(fdlia  Aic  563 

capricida  Ham.     -  570 

Cfistijy/blia  Vent.  564 
casthtefblia  fi  Vent.  564 

Ca/MA«rV  Walt.     -  568 

C^sCpx^V  Walt.     -  569 

eor/actra  W^Uld.      -  565 

criMpa  Desf.  -       -  563 

Dabce'^cia  L.  Syst.  572 

dealbdia  Lindl.     -  564 
Drumm6ndii  Hook.  561 

m'coJi/M  Pall.        -  562 

/erruginea  Walt.  -  565 

ferrnginea  Willd.  665 

arboriscens  Mx.  565 

fruiicbsa  Mx.     -  665 

floribitnda  Lyoa   -  569 
/urmjiissitna  Bartr.  569 

/rutidbsa  Ph.          -  667 

hypnoides  L.  Sp.   -  o61 

laHrina  Mx.          -  569 

Utttg'fblia  Pursh    -  •'il'6 

/i^<;/c(a  Jacq.  -        -  5G!i 

liic'da  Lam    -        -  56>'> 

Itfcopodibide*  Pall.  562 

tnaridna  Jacq.       >  665 

maridna  L.  Sp.     -  566 

fHcrtiintita  Dub.    -  565 

ovtiUfbliu  Asiat.  R.  570 

f(r<i/<i  Soland.    -    -  564 

pamculdta  L.  Sp.  567 


panicmldtd  Walt.      M6 

poltfdliaMx.        .    561 

poUhkliaL.    .       -    560 

aDgustifblia  Lodcf.  660 

ericoldea    >       .^   560 

KuidiAbTA  Lodd,   560 
tifblia  Locitf.    -    661 
minima      .       >■    661 
revuliita  Lodtf.  -    561 
sc6tica       .       -    561 
stricta        -       -    561 
populifblia  Lam.  -    569 
pulverulenla  Bart.    564 
racembsa  L.Sp.    -    566 
reticulata  WalL    -    569 
rigidaVh.     -       .565 
rosmarinlfblia  2*h.     661 
specibsa  Mx.  >    664 

g^atica  Wato.     -    664 
nitida  Ph.  -  .664 

pulverulinla  Vh.   664 
spurata  Wats.        -    569 

3 iinuldsa  Ph.        .    669 
telleridna  Pall.    .    272 
tejrt/d&a  PalL        .    671 
ietragbna  L.  Sp.   .    662 
WalteriViiWd.     .    669 
Andr&philax  Wendl.     41 
saindens  WendL  .      41 
Andros«^mum  CA.       77 
fos'tidum  Bauh.     >      75 
officiniUe  AUiwni  .     78 
Angelica  tree  -       .    496 
Auiscfdtree    •>       .      20 
Anonicese       .       .     38 
Annbna  triloba  L.  -      38 
An&numoM  Walt.     -    249 
frutiacens  Walt    -    249 
^><o«  Ph.       .        -    849 
fruliscenz  Ph.        .    249 
Apple      .       -       -    425 
Apricot  Tree  -       -    867 
Aquifoliiceae    .  161.  1113 
AquifbUnm  Catesb.    161 
caroUnhue  Catesb.    161 
Arall&cea        -496.1116 
Ardlia  L.         -    496,  497 
Jap6nica  Thunb.   -    497 
splndsa  L.    -        -    496 
AraucMa  J.  -  1061 

brasili^na  Rich.    -  1062 
Cunningh^raii  Ait.  1068 
Dombeyi  Rich.      -  1062 
excelsa  Ait.  -       -  1062 
ImbridlU  Pav.      -  1062 
lanceoldta  Hort    -  1065 
A'rbor  Vll«   -        -  1068 
A'rbutus  Camer.    -    573 
alpim4  L.  Sp.        •    57H 
Audr&chneL.       -    575 
serratifMla         >    575 
andrachnoidcs  Lk.     574 
buxifblia  Stokes  -    677 
densifldra//.  i7.4rir.  576 
JUif&rmit  Lam.      >    581 
h^bridaiCfr  -    574 

MlUfri  Mfwes    -    575 
integrtfblia  Lam.       575 
mierophuUa  Forst.     679 
mucronata  L.  f.    -    67d 
nepalt'nsis  iSoyte  -    676 
pilbsa  Graham      -    579 
procdra  Dougt*      -    576 
pkmila  Forst.        >    679 
scrpyllifbUa  Lam.     679 
serratifblia  Nois.  •    575 
sptK^idsa  DtcAjon  -    676 
tomenUtaa  PA.       -    576 
nClda  Hook,  f  Am.  .576 
U^nedo  L.     -        -    573 
41bua  Ait.  -       -    573 
crispus       .        -    574 
integrliblius  Sims   674 
pldnus  Ait.         -    573 
riibcr  Ait.  -        -    573 
sallcifdiius .       -    574 


4  0  4 


ichIsop£taltti  •  ^ 
U\a-iirsi  L.  Sp.  .    677 

ArctostiphyloSilitoMi.  677 
aiplna  Spreng,  .  578 
nitidaAin/A.         .1116 

pdngens  H.  B.    678. 1116 

tomentbsa  Lindl.  -    576 

D'yurHrsL  Spreng,     577 

austrlaca  Lod.   -    577 

Arg&ola  Rvm.  -  622 
Siderdxylon  Baem.    622 

ij  ria  L'Ob.  -  .  432 
Theophrasti  L'  Ob.    452 

AristolochiicesB      .    701 

Aristol5chia  2..  -  701 
macrophylla  Lam.  701 
ii\t\\Q  L'Hirit,  -  7a 
tomenibsa  S.         -    7tj3 

Aristot^lia  L.  >    182 

glandulbsa  R.  &  P.     182 

t/LkcqvAL'mrtt    .    182 

foliis  Tarieg&tis  .    183 

Anneiilaca  Toum. .    267 

atropurpkrea  Lois    268 

brigantlaca  P.       -    870 

daKyc&rpa  Per$.    -    268 

persicifdlia  Loii.    VtO 

peduoculata  Lad  >    270 

persicij  bUa  Dun'sM.  S69 

sihinca  Pers.        -    269 

vulgiini  Lam.       .    267 

cordifblu  S«r.    >    268 

fibre  pldno  Hort.    868 

tbl.  variegi^as  H,    268 

ovallRilia  &r.    -    868 

Arbnia  Pers.  -  -  447 
arbutifblia  Pers.  -  447 
Botrydpium  Pers.  412 
ovalii  Pers.  •    413 

pyrij'blia  Pers.  .  446 
sanguinea  Suit  .  4i8 
subcorddLt  Raf.  .  414 
rotundifblia  Pers.     412 

Artemisia  Cas«.  .  649 
Abr6tanum  L.  .  550 
hamile/foW.  .  650 
tobolsklknum  H.  660 
arbor^scens  L.  -  560 
procdra  tV.  -  -  660 
Sant6nica  L.  .650 
tobolski&na  i,.  C.  -    560 

Artoc&rpece     -       -    706 

Asclepiad&ces        -  1117 

Ash         -       .       .    639 

AsA-berry       >       .     60 

Asiroina  ^(iaiwon  -  88 
granditlOra  -  .  89 
paividdra  >  >  39 
triloba  Dun.         -     88 

At|>en     -       .       .821 

Astr4galus  Dec.  246. 1114 
a^tciMLodd.Cabi  246 
aristdtua  L'Herit.  246 
brevi/bliua  Bot.  C.  846 
rrutic6su8  Dec.  >  1114 
massiMnsis  Lam.  246 
Tragac4ntha  Z..  -  846 
Tim  ineus  Drc.       -  1114 

Atr4gene  -  16.  1111 

alpina  Gmel.  &  Fall  17 
aiplna  L.  -  -  16 
sibirica  L.  -  -17 
siUrica  ?  -  •  16 
americina  Simt  -  17 
obllqua /)(/»«  MS.  17 
auttrlttca  Scup.  -  16 
cirrkbsa  Pers.  .  13 
cletHoiideg  Grants  .  16 
Columbiana  ^K//.  -  17 
JIdrida  Pers.  •  .  10 
imficaDesf.  •  .  10 
macropetala  L.  67.1111 
ochothuiM  Pallas  .  17 
tibirica  L.     -       -      16 

Atraphlkxis  L.  .  680 
spinosaL.     .       .680 


1144 


OEITBRAL    INDEX. 


iindaI4U  h»  • 
A'trlplexL.   - 

HAliinutL.   - 

mariiima  lUjr 

portulacolde*  h*   - 
AOcutMi  TlmtA. 

Jap6nicm  7  AtmA.    - 
Aurantiiee*  - 
Avifcium  Beny 
A'xjfvis  L.       -       - 

oeraioklet  Lin. 
Ayrthire  Ro$e 
Atilea  Don    • 

arbdrra  B«rtr. 

arbdrea  Lin.  Sp.  - 

arborfteens  Ph.    . 

bUeoUtr  Pun  h 

caUnthUieea  Mx. 
yiii^Mto  Hon.     . 

ean^fcnu  Mx. 

eoeanca  Lodd.  C. 
ferrtigimea  Hort.  - 

#to^a  Ph.    - 

AfjpMlri  Ph.  - 

lappdnica  L. 

iu<iV/tf  Ph.     - 

nudf/ldra  L.  Sp.    - 
a/I^AU.    -       - 
bieoior  Ait. 
eSmat  Ait 
emrifM'a  Alt. 
fiUitant  Alt. 

periclifTiwHoides  Mx. 
4;&i  Ph.    .       - 
cdnva  Ph. 
papitiondcea  Ph. 
partita  Ph. 
poljfSndrft  Ph.  - 
riUiton*  Ph. 

l»AdM  Lam. 

pSnlfca  Lin.  Sp.    - 

proctlnibens  £.     - 

4p«r/d<a  Wtltd.      - 

vitcbsa  L.  Sp. 
Jhrib^nda  Alt.  - 
gla^ca  Alt. 
AzSra  R.t  P. 

dentiU  A.  4^  P.    - 

Integrlfblia  - 
Axarole  Thorn 
Biccharis  A.  Ar.    - 

angustlfblla  PA.    - 

hHrtmirMia  L. 
Balsamice«  - 
BaplUia  Hook 

nrpatimsis  Hook.  • 
Basket  Osier  - 
Bastard  Indico 
Baumgartia  Mcench 

setindens  Moench  - 
Bearberry 
Bear  Oak 

Beech     ... 
£^/MSaIlsb.    - 

JacultfdU'a  Sallsb. 
BeUUcia  Adams 
Benjamin  Tree 
Benthjlmip.  L. 

fraKifera  LmdL     - 

Jap6nlca 
Benzoin 

BerberAcesB       -  42. 
Berberis  L.       -  42. 

actinaciintha  Mart. 

4PtH6nsu  Presl 

aitdica  Pal.  - 

•ngustilblla  Httrtw. 

^ingustifbtia  Roxb. 

^9uifbUumY\i.    . 

^gmf6tmm  LindL 
rteens  Tor.  4  Q. 

touxifblla  Lam.  . 

canadtosis  Iffft  . 
cblnfosis  OiU, 

CkUria  BuchT  I 


Pan 

680 

676 

676 

676 

676 

611 

511 

Ills 

173 

607 

677 

S44 

601 

S98 

698 

696 

694 

696 

696 

696 

W7 

690 

696 

697 

690 

S97 

693 

693 

694 

693 

695 

693 

.692 

693 

593 

693 

693 

693 

693 

601 

693 

601 

697 

696 

696 

697 

184 

1H4 

184 

368 

646 

647 

647 

931 

199 

199 

748 

230 

41 

41 

677 

876 

906 

1066 

1065 

143 

68b 

.W7 

508 

iS08 

685 

1111 

1111 

47 

42 

42 

1112 

49 

61 

S3 

63 

49 

47 

45 

49 

49 


Taft 

Corlkrte  BoMte  -  48 
oorymbbsa  H.^  A,  49 
cracae'gina  Dee.  -  46 
crfeticaL.  .  .  44 
btun/biia  Tourn.  >  '  44 
dealbiU  LindL  -  48 
d6lcto  D.  Don  -  47 
amarvlnaU  mUd.  44 
erapecrif^lia  I^am.  48 
fucicuidrisVeiLCje.  60 
gia6ea  Booth  -  43 
glckea  Hort.  -  48 
glmmdeea  Pen .  Cyc.  69 
gloroerftU  H.  ^  A,      49 

S-ifciiM  Hartw.  -  1111 
reTllle4na  Gfl^L  -  49 
Harttt^gii  Benth  -  1112 
heteroph^lla  Jum.  •  48 
ib^rica  Stev.  .  .  45 
me{fiMa  Forst  •  48 
innowundta  Katm  -  43 
teMcra/atoBenth.  .1113 
mmerocdrpa  of  some  43 
nervbta  Ph.  -  .63 
phmiUa  Lag.  -  60 
repent  Pen.  Cyc.  -  63 
ruscifblia  Lam.  -  49 
sibirica  Pall.  -  43 
sinensis  Derf.  -  46 
smhuis  Desf.  -  49 
$inin$ity/al.  -  46 
triaupiddta  Sm.  -  48 
rrtTo^^  Haitw.  -  1111 
vulgaris  Mx.  -  46 
rulgdris  Thaab,  -  46 
TulgAris  L.  -  -  43 
kiba  ...  43 
asp^rma  .  -  43 
eanadfnsit  Mart.  46 
dtilcis         .       -     43 

Sciatica        -       -      43 
b^rica  Dec.       -     46 
longifblla  .       .      43 
Ittea  ...      43 
mltis  ...     43 
nigra-        .       .      43 
provinciklis        -      43 
purpilrea   -       -     43 
▼iolicea      .       -      43 
fol.  purpQreis  H    1111 
Berberry        -       .     43 
Bercbtaiia  N.        -    169 
TolAbiUs  i)«e.       -    170 
BetulAcese       -  833. 1117 
B^tula  7o«ni.    S38. 1117 
aeumiMUa  Bhrh.  -    840 
trtn6nsi9  HaAn.     -    837 
i\baL.  '       '    838 

dslecirllca  £.    >    839 
fbliis  ▼aricgAtis  -    ^39 
macroc&rDa  mUd.  839 
p^ndula  Sm.       -    838 
pdottca       -       >    838 
pubdscens  Ehrk.    838 
urticif&Ita  >       -    839 
A'lno  BftnU  Ehr.     836 
A'lmuUn.  -       -    838 
crlspa  Mx.         -    836 
incana  Lin.       -    834 
ant&retica  Font  -    910 
canadimi$  ImA.    -    843 
carpinifblia  Ehrh.     844 
crhpa  Ait.     .       .    8^°^ 
daOricaPo//.         .    840 
fmargmdta  Ehrh.     833 
exc^Isa  H.  Kew.  -    843 
canad6nsts  Wang.  840 
frntic6sa  Pa//.       .    840 

Slanduldsa  3/.  -  841 
ftm/ZuSchr.  -  840 
ilKina  Lin.  .  .834 
glaUca  Ait.  -  834 
laeinidta  Lod.  >  841 
lanceol^a  Hort.  -  842 
IfntajL.  .  .  844 
tfula  DuRoi        -    841 


»tea  Mx.      .       .    843 
m6Uls/.mA.        .1117 


■» 


Dina  L.         .       ' 

strlctaXod.  -    - 

isdwg  Kalm  -       . 

840 

BtMn«iaft>iii    .    Ol 

840 

'CB 

MiMdrMM  BroQi. 

840 

obkM»iaila  NMt.* 

Ml 

nigra  L.        .       . 

843 

nigra  Da  Bol 
oodta  Sch.    . 

844 

tteax  waid. 

CM 

836 

Bnpletiran  r^ara. 

4B 

pattHrts  pmm/la  - 

840 

mbittn'mtna  1u%    - 

418 

papyri/era  Mx.     - 

843 

fmtiaematl^ 

4M 

pauYraoea  Ait. 

pUtyphflla'lirorl 
tricUdada  Hort 
ptndnia  Lod. 

842 

tnMebaam  L.. 

4§ 

843 
843 

pbnki£T§cam  Lmm. 

.486 

843 

841 

£SS^,iSS:: 

Mi 

pSndmla  Roth 

838 

Batter-out 

m 

ptetica 

838 

Bucum  wood 

8M 

populif^Ua  AiL     - 
landniku  - 

841 

Biixus  £,.        .       . 

im 

841 

baleirkm   Wmd. 

w 

pfoduU     .       . 
pmbfsoau  Ehrh.    - 

841 

kkmiUs  Ded. 

TBI 

838 

■tinitf  1  iliesM  L.  - 

rm 

pdmila  L.     - 

840 

mgnafOBMnMrn. 

188 

m$ebeee6n»i»  Schr. 

840 

▼artecica  A 

788 

rkbraLod.    . 

843 

•rbortwxnaMA 

71M 

rmgbta  Ehrh. 

836 

urgfntmlMart. 
aOrea  Uart.   - 

m 

tenmidta  Ait. 

835 

MB 

urticifblia     - 

838 

gtgamtea  N.  IMk. 

m 

oerrmedsa  Bhrh. 

888 

mMTtfiotanHmt, 

jgg 

viridiM  Hort. 

836 

mfitiSbianLmm. 

1M 

WTfdtfVU.      .         - 

834 

nama  N.  Doh.  . 

M 

Bigarream 

878 

•uflHitkdnJMI. 

TBI 

BigHbvia  Mx. 
tiiUtrmaUx.      - 

713 

CaibageBaae 

as 

713 

Calllgooum  £. 
Fai^ia  L*mrdi.  . 

8B8 

porul6sa  SmM     • 
Big  Laurel     - 
Blgn6nia  Totir.     - 

714 

cn 

28 

660 

Cilfltria  r. 

Wl 

Bignbnia  Lin. 

661 

cupreMif5rMis  F. 

1«3 

capreolkta  L. 

660 

FotberslUI    - 

HR 

Catdipa  Lin. 

663 

macroccitchym  B. 

MR 

ckinimit  Lam.Dlct.  661 

quadrirflTia  fern. 

HR 

Jragini/Ma  Catesb. 

661 

trfooetra 
Calli^na  SaJL  - 

HR 

granaifidra  Th. 

661 

188 

rodicang  Lin. 

661 

Tuljgila  S^. 

M8 

mii^Hort. 

661 

ss 

tome$ab$a  Thnnb. 

671 

itro-Hlbcm 

SR 

Bilberry         -       - 

604 

a<ire« 

MB 

Birch      .       .       - 

837 

coccinea    • 

MB 

Bird  Chenr 

989 

dccliinlKas 

Hi 

BifxTs-rye  Maple  - 

86 

adr«  piteo 

M 

Blrthwort 

701 

fU.var1egdCfa      . 

MB 

Bitter  Almond 

96S 

purp&rea  •> 
•erdCiw     . 

Ri 

Bltten-iweet 

664 

fl9 

Black  Ask       . 

138 

spiciU 

RP 

Blackberry 

816 

Sparta 

8R 

Blackheart  Cherry  - 

877 

tomenttea 

8R 

Black  lUI.  Poplar  - 
Black  Walnut 

885 
734 

^liiHSZXSi: 

s 

Bladdemut     - 

147 

Calophaca  Pfteft.   . 

m 

Bladder  Senna 

844 

wolgirica  AkA. 

Mi 

Bonitfidia  Neck.     - 

830 

CalycanthicMe 

«i 

B6rya  IV.       -       - 

713 

GalycinUius  I..      . 

Mi 

acuminata 

714 

>ror  Mx.      . 

4M 

ligfistrina  W. 

713 

fh-Ulia  Walt. 

Ml 

porulbsa  W. 
Boa  Alder 

714 

ftdridua  L. 

MB 

133 

asplenllttlhii  LC 

•   ^W 

Box  Thorn    - 

666 

Anxx  /..  C 

fM 

Box  Tkom     . 

170 

flaticua  L*C. 
tnodtens  £.  C-  - 

4R 

Box  Tree 

708 

^ 

Bramble 

311 

lonxifMhisI.  C 
obloncitt  Dere.   - 

MB 

Brid9-Ufort     - 

307 

IR 

Broom 

319 

ovtou  Dee. 

MB 

Brousson^la  Vent. 

710 

Tarlcigteos  UC 

A 

eucutldta  Bon  J.  - 

710 

gU6cus  Hr'tUd.     - 
iBvigatua  W. 

Mi 

navicniiris  Lodd.- 

710 

4M 

papyrlfera  Fent.  - 

710 

obtomgi/^amBmt, 

Ml 

cucullAtm 

710 

pennsjfl^mmieme  L..C  4H 

frt&ctu  41bo 

711 

prm^eo*  L.  Sp^     • 

R8 

710 

stirili$  Walt         - 

4R 

Bry&nthus  Gmel.  - 

671 

Caiyc&kmae  Lk.      - 

fM 

Gmdlini  D.  Don   . 

671 

viUbta  Uk. 

SM 

Stalled  D.  Don  - 

873 

Candleberry  Myrtle 

8M 

Buck-ikom     - 

170 

Capparifdiccv 

iin 

Btiddlea  L.     -       . 

670 

Caprifokiicw 

an 

capitdta  Jacq. 
globifldra  M.  Duh. 

670 

'i5Sgs^«ss^. 

s 

GENERAL   INDEX. 


1145 


Piirt 

9fyhmm  Lam.      •  ft39 

bait&ficttmDvm,-  699 

bractebtum  Mx.  -  &80 

cmrkieum  Lam.  -  540 

eknUme  Hort.  Br.  &34 

ioUbtum  Doug.     •  633 

alibtum  Ph.         -  682 

dMcum  R.  &  S.  -  630 

J><mgiitfi  LlndL  -  5.% 

dumeldrum  Lam.  -  637 

etriueum  K.&  S.  -  628 

jUlvwnVAX,  ~  629 

Jlexudtum  Hort.  -  634 

J'rd«<riPh.  -  628 

ipbii<(e«m  Moeacb  •  630 

irdtumFh.  .  631 

Mtpiduimm  Liodl.-  630 

^pi6jntmK.AS.-  629 

Japdnicttm  D  Don  634 

Jaft6nieian  H.Brit.  633 

/on^rt^tdmiNSIeb.-  634 

nepalhtge  H.  Brit.  634 

tfCoilra/a/rLindl..  632 

parviftdrum  Pursh  630 

Fenci^meimmRosm.67lf 

pubfsceiu  Coldie-  629 

pvreniicum  Lam.-  636 

rosrumlsun.        -  636 

Mempervtrens  Mx.  -  831 

s^lvdticum  Lam.  -  627 

ifiUdsum  H.B.&  K.  683 

CaraginaL.       837.1114 

Altagilna  Poir.     -  288 

Jtiagdnavar.  Poir.  238 

arboreflceos  lAun.  837 

in^rmfs  i?r>r/.  •  288 

areniria  Domn      .  880 

argftUea  Lam.      -  848 

ChamUffu   Lam.  941 

digitdta  Lam.        -  839 

JSfror  Lam.  -  840 

fnit^Bcens  Dee.  -  339 

angtistlAUa       -  239 

latifdlia      •       -  389 

m^/MD«e.       -  339 

GerartUina  JK«fri^.  1114 

grandifl&ra  Dec.  -  241 

JuMtaPuiV.  -  841 

mkropb^lla  D.  -  238 

mHcropkiUalAUn.'  838 

m6m»  Beu.         -  839 

pjrgm«'a  Dee.      -  840 

arenilria  Fisck.  -  840 

It6d6wskiX».        -  888 

prae'cox  Fitdk.  -  839 

n'Mn'ca  Baf  .  837 

■pind«aJ9rc.  -  840 

tragarantboldes    -  840 

CirpinusL.  -  916 

Carpmiu  Uatth.    -  917 

amtricdna     -       -  918 

BaukM  L.    .       .  917 

CaFpiDlzia  tforf.  919 

betcnophflla     -  917 

iLclia  Lod,        -  917 

querc^fidia  Detf.  917 

TariegaU  Lod.  -  917 

bglneaLANU.       .  919 

maniUna  Bl.         •  916 

orientilisZ.  -  918 

(yttrya  Bort.       -  990 

O'fiyya  Michx.     -  980 

v/f-jrimaiia  Hz.  -  990 

Tnf^rrii/  Bl.      .  916 

Ylminea  lAndl.     -  919 

virginidina  Abb.  «  920 

mrgin/ana  Mtchx.  918 

CiryA  Nutt.    .       •  735 

ilbaiVfiK.     -       -739 

amAra  KtUt,  •  737 

ambigua       •       -  743 

ai|u£tica^tt«.      -  737 

integrifbtia  Spr.  -  749 

mlcrocarpa  NuU.  -  743 

nvrlaticsflirmis  3r.  741 

olhsl6rmto  NvU.  736 


porclnaNvM.       •  740 

glabra        .       .  741 

pmbescemlAa^     -  743 

ririda           .       .  748 

sulcilta  ^tf/f.        .  739 

tomentdsa  Nutt.  •  738 

•  maxima  NtM.  -  739 

Cdtia  LtUinbrumMX.^^ 

Ga9s&DdraZ)./)oit  -  669 

anguctifdlla  G.J>o«  663 

calycuiiitaZ>.  i)oM  663 

laclfbUa  Z,odL      -  663 

Dina  Shnt          .  663 

ventricbsa  5#mu  ^63 

CasBidflB  .-      .849 

CaMlM  Walt         -  164 

canOintdna  WalC^  164 

Par^iML.          -  619 

PerdfiMMULIe.  163 

•era  Walt.  .         .  163 

CaMlope  Don,       .  561 

OficoldesD.Dofi  .  663 

fo8tlgiitaZ>.2>0M  .  669 

hypnSldesD.jDon  061 

iTCopodidldesjD.Doi*  663 

Ked6wski  G.i>o«  568 

tetragbna  D.  Don  568 

CaaUnea  r.  -        .45 

argcnteaJlL          .  916 

chinfosia  Spreng. .  916 

Fdgua  Scop.         .  905 

£  aUcA  Hort.         .  912 

teropMUa  Hort.  913 

iDdica^.  .       .  914 

iairmii  Lindi.      .  916 

jaT£nica  £!{.  .       .  915 

fuscHcens  .       .  916 

montana    -       .  915 

lacmtdtaHorU     .  913 

marUb£nica  Wall.  915 

Eekmila  tViUd.       .  914 

ioxbdrgfaiiXmA  915 

fofref/o/m  Hort.    .  913 

Mftva  MIU.           .  916 

•phaeroeirpa  Lim.  915 

tribuU51dea  Undl.  915 

v^MttMichx.         •  913 

▼^caO«rf.  .       -  913 

americtoa         .  913 

atpleniAlialMC.  913 

cochleilU  Lod.  -  912 

iblMsatareitlAA.  913 

Jbiiii^eidU      -  918 

gladca  Hor<.      -  913 

gUbraLotf.       .  913 

variegiltalfor«. .  919 

rmlgi^i*  Lam.      •  916 

Cat&lpaJttf«.         .  663 

tfignonioUletVrall.  668 

cordifbUa  Nutt.     -  663 

sjfrmga^bUa  Sims.  662 

CeandthusL.     18a  1113 

■merictoua  X,.  .  180 
herbiceiu  T.AG.  180 
Iniermddius  180.1113 

Pitcher!  T.^G.  180 

astireui  De^f.       -  180 

iotermddius       •  181 

Ucofor  WlUd.        >  180 

c^riUeus  Lag.       -  180 

collliMis  Domg.      •  183 

AsiiinMfcrhw,  Hort.  IKl 

intennidim  Punh  180 

0r«r3»af«       -       -  183 

ovili*     -       -       -  183 

oviUu*  qudneut  B.  181 
ovUtuM  Desf. .       .180 

perifmU  Pursh.    -  180 
sangulneiu    -       .182 

tliTrsifldru*  £jcA.  181 

▼elutlnus  Doi^.    -  181 

Cedar  of  Goa  -       -  1075 

Cedar  of  Lebanon  -  1067 

CedrilalMux.        .  489 

CMriu  Barr.         •  1067 

ooiMArra  Bauh.     -  1057 


DeodAra  J?««ft.     -  1059 

LlbiDl  Bwrr.        -  1057 

fbliU  argenteU  •  1068 

nina  -       -       -  1059 

m&fpM  Dod.         -  1067 

phomlcea  M<tf.     -  1083 

jahtemcea  Ren.      -  1057 

CelastrAcett    -       .149 

Cel&atrus  L.  -       -    154 

buUitui  P/w*.       .    ]54 

nepalinsU  lAidd.  .    154 

pyracanthifbliua  L.    164 

K&ndens  L.  •       -    154 

C^Itis  rownt.         -    797 

otpira  Lodd.        -    799 

aiutriiis  Wmd.    -    799 

atutriUsL.  -       -    797 

eanfscem  H.ft  B.-  1117 

caucatica  W.        -    798 

conUtoDeaf.        •    730 

eord{fdtia  L'H^rit.     730 

craMlfftlia  Loffk    -    780 

IcTigiU  Hiiid.     -    730 

oMiotraMcmch     -    7S9 

occldentiliH  L.     -   799 

conUta  fViUd.      -    979 

BcabrilSscula  fFfUtf.  729 

orierUdbt  Hort.    -   7'i9 

onentdiisUm.      -    798 

«mf{^/fVi  Pera.     -    799 

pdmilaPA.   .       -    731 

sinensis  Pert,       •   729 

Hnhut't  yMWd.     -    799 

Tourae(6rtU  Lorn.    798 

WiUdenovUna  5.      799 

Cephal&nthus  L.    -    544 

occidentiiia  I..      -    644 

brachfpodus  D.      645 

oppon't^btnu  M.   -    544 

CiranuJMM.     276.1114 

acuminilU  FFotf.  -    993 

&spera  -       -    287 

ikohan  Mnnch      -    977 

boreilU  Mm.         -    883 

C)iam«c€raraa  L.     883 

chlcasaAC*.  -       .885 

canad^niif  Lot**   -    394 

CapdlllnDre.        -    292 

caprlcldaCr.  Don  •    993 

capnmidima  Dec.  -    278 

caroUnlina  Mx.     -    996 

depr^saa/A.         -    284 

durScina  Dec.  878 

elllptica  Xotf.       -    294 

^ndul6ta    -       -    287 

giatca  Mcnich      -    284 

i^ixaW.etB.       -    994 

kortinsit  Pers.      .    278 

hdmUis  ATor.        -    287 

hyemilUlfo.        •    985 

inclaaLoM.  -       .987 

iptermidiaViAt.  -    989 

Jap^ica  Loit.       -    986 

mtiltiplex  &r.  -    286 

JuiidnaDttc.        -    977 

heauralAnai).    -    278 

Lauroceraauf  L.  -    295 

aDgusUf61ia  if.  .    395 

c4lchlca     -       -  1114 

TtMerdU    '       '  1114 

▼ariegilta  Hort,  -    996 

luiitlbiica  JLou.     -    294 

HlxaS^.  -       -    994 

Mahileb  Jtfs/JL       -    888 

frtictu  fUvo  ff.  -    888 

latifdlium  Hort,     888 

m6IlbDo«tf.         -    292 

nepal^nais  Sfr.     -    293 

nigra /.ot«.    -       .284 

Mftrra  MlU.  Diet.  -    277 

FidvuDec.  .       -    8B9 

bractedia  Srr.    -    290 

>wlcterft5roDec.  290 

parTifl^raSer.    -    990 

rObra&r.         -    990 

▼ulgiriaSrr.      -    9B0 


paniculiita  XoA.    - 

peniUTWinica  L.  -  SS6 

periiciibUa  Xoft.  -  983 

Ph6*bia //amitt.  .  987 

froitrita  Ser.        .  888 

'Mikdo-CAnMoaZ.  383 

?ub6scens  Ser.      •  286 

'66dvaaRo»b.      •  887 

piimila  Six.  .       -  883 

pkmiia  C.Baxih,    -  383 

pygras^a  Lois.      -  884 

sallcinaC.Doit     -  887 

lemperflbreni  Dee.  881 

aerMiiaI.oA.        .  891 

retOfa  Ser.         -  899 

lerruUtaG.DoM  881 

sinfosia  G.  Don    •  XT 

t3rlT68tris  Bauh.    .  877 

duridna  fl.  plteo  878 

undMldlaDt.      .  298 

▼irginiina  Mx.     .  291 

Tulgirii  Mm.       •  878 

flore  pitoo  Hort  879 

fldreiemlplteo/f.  879 

fbliltvarieg.ift.  879 

mar&acha  •       .  280 

persidflbra  Hort.  879 

Ceratospfrmum  P.  677 

MppAncm  Pert.    .  677 
Ceratlola        -       -  1099 
eric6'idet       -       -1093 
C^rdfiX.        .       .856 

caoadtosis  L.        -  366 

Eabescens  PJb.   .  969 

iquiistrum  L,    '  VH 

fibre  6ibido        .  Vtl 

parvlfldrum  Dee.  %SJ 

r6ieum       .       .  357 

Cktenomitet  UndL  453 

Japdnt'ca  Lindl.     -  459 

Ckamarcfrasus  Del.  530 

ai^rgma  Delarb.  -  539 

cterUea  Delarb     .  540 

/^rutiedsa  Pers.      .  289 
nigra  DeL     -       -635 

CkanueledonUi.    .  601 

procimbene  Lk.    .  601 

Chaste  tree     -       .  673 

ChenopodlAcese      .  675 

Chen6podium  L.    •  675 

frtUid^um  Bleb.  .  675 

frutlcdsum  Sckrad,  675 

mierophCUmm  Bieb.  675 

parvi/bUum /I.  ^  5.  676 

Cherry  -  -  .  976 
Chestnut  .  .911 
CUan-turpeutinetree  185 
ChiUPine       .       .  1069 

Chimon^athusXAM//.  454 

frigrans  L^itf.     .  455 

{[randifldrusLns.  456 

^txntHofL       .  455 

parylflbrus  Hort,  455 

China  rote      .       -  341 

Chincapin       .       .  914 

Chioninthus  L.      -  634 
▼Irglnica  L,  -       .634 

angustifblia  AH.  694 

latlfbiia  Ca<.  Cor.  684 

maritima  Pmrth  634 

montdna  Pursh  684 

trifida  Moench       -  684 

Christ's  thorn  -  168 

CArywM/fya  Spach  4ra 

httermidia  Spach  488 

Lindtcydna  &pach  488 

revoHUa  Spach      .  487 

Chrpsoph0itm  Jaon.  694 

caroltninte  Jucq.  -  694 

gldbrum  Jusa.      >  694 

CAuraWa  L.  Sp.    .  561 

maritima  JL  Sp.   .  551 

Clssus  Ir.        .       .  141 

AmpelApait  Pen.  -  140 

hederdceaTh.       -  180 

Mrsftto  Pb.        .  140 


1146 


Page 

orlentiUit  La/«.    .  141 

qwnqu^fbiia  H.  P.  140 

atans  Port.    -       .  140 

CisUce*         .       .  54 

ClttvL.        .       .  M 

SibidttM  Hort.        -  65 

apffmhuit  L.         -  59 

corbari^nsif  Poir.  M 

cr6rlcut         .       .  57 
critieu*  Hort.  Kew.   62) 

crispua  -       .       .  A7 

Cupantinui  .       .  57 

tymdMut  Dec.        •  55 

c^priut  Lam.         .  67 

grand^drvt  Scop.  59 

Heliantkemum  L.  -  56 

hetcrophflliu       •>  57 

hirs&tui        .        .  57 

hisp'uhu  fi  Lam.    -  59 

A^irMia  Pourr.    -  66 

Incinui  L.    -       -  65 

iadanifmu  B.  M.  67 

ladanifenis  L.       -  67 

albifl6rui  Dee.  -  67 

macuUtai  Oee.  -  67 

plenifdUut  Ait.  >  67 

laiirifbltiu  L.        -  66 

Uxus     ...  57 

longirbliai     .       .  67 

oblongifbliiu         -  67 

populubliiu  £.      -  66 

minor   ...  65 

ptilos^palut  .       .  67 

purpikreus  Lam.   •  66 

saiictfdthu     .        .  67 

falriiefblius  .       .  67 

taMa^ihu  fi  Dec.  65 

aco^rdnM  Ait.        -  61 

terppUtfdUui  L.    .  59 

stenoph^Uui  Lk.  .  67 
MurrHdnus  L.       .68 

unduTitus      -       .  67 

vill6aus          .       -  67 

Ctaret  Grape  .  -  137 
Clematldea  .  2.  1111 
C16matit  L.    -      2.  1111 

AUcra  Matth.        .  5 

anemoniji.  D.  Don  15 
azjtr.|rraiu^>f.  Sleb.    11 

bale&riea  Pers.      -  14 

baUdriea  Rich.     -  14 

tia>lar  Hort.  -  10 
BuchanUna  -        .15 

cariUea  Bauh.      -  16 

emrillesi  IJtutl.      -  11 

ctnpitb$a  Scop.  -  4 
caltf6mica  G.  If.  -  1111 

calychta  Alt.         •  14 

campanifldra  A^.  IS 

parvifl6ra  Fit.    -  12 

campanifldra  Hort.  IS 

canadSnsts  Mil.  D.  6 

chin£ntia  i{«£s.     -  6 

cirrk&ta  Stmt        -  14 

clrrhdsa  L.   -       -  13 

angUBtifblla        -  14 

p<*dicellftu  Dec.  14 

corddta  Sims         .  7 

corHiJbUa  MoMich  >  6 

cylindrica  Sinu     .  8 

crnpa  Lam.  -  .  8 
crispa  L.  -  .8 
daphnoides  Dodon.    667 

divaricdta  Jacq.    -  8 

Drummandii  T.^G.  16 

Ptamtmila  Bert.   .  4 

Flimmula  L.        -  S 

canplt6<a  Dec.  -  4 

maritima  Dec.  >  3 

ptiniculita .       .  4 

rotundif^lia  Dec.  3 

ruticlla  Dee.      -  3 

fl^pa  Moench         .  4 

fl^e  critpo  Dil.  E.  13 

fl6rida  Tkun.        .  10 

fldre  pldno  Uori.  10 


GENERAL    INDEX. 

1 

1       fl.  pi.  Tiolaceo  • 

'IS 

orientiliiLuik.     •    244 

Corooffla  N.  -        -    2«i 

Siebatdii  D.  Don 

10 

PocOckii  Alt.         -    2t6 

E'mcnuJL.  -        .    aC 

frigrams  Ten. 
gtaiea  Willd. 
grand^bra  Hort.- 

s 

proctmbem  L'H.     245 

jdoccaL.      .       .    3II 

4 
11 

aat^uinea  Pall.  -    244 
teo&drioa  Lam.  >    243 

mmcjjfbm  Lam.  -  SI7 
CoratSrpka^  PImte       86 

eriU  WaU. 
Henders5nil  Chan. 
holoserlcea  Pur$h 

7 

Colymbea  Sailib.   -  1062 

Cor3rUoe«      .    M6.U17 

9 
16 

jfuadri/iria  Sal.  •  1062 
Comanim  L.          -    320 

C6tyinML.  •  .  2SI 
am«rlcina  Micka.-    926 

lasiintha  Nutt      - 

15 

paiasrroL.    -       .820 
Comp6slt«     -       .646 

bi^rallis  iTamg.     .    S!k» 

liguitricKdlia  Hutt. 

16 

arbdrea  Hart.       -    9XS 

lincarlloiw  X>«i;.    - 

16 

Comptdnia  So/.       -    936 

ArciUnaL.  .        .    9sl 

marittma  All.  Ped. 

3 

asplenifblia  SoUm.    936 

barceloofenaia     .   SES 

montina  Ham.     - 

16 

Conifene        -       -    946 

cria|3«  Emc^Pi,  2S 

nepaJiHsfs  Hort    - 
ockroUica  Hort.  - 

7 

Cdrckorut  Thunb.      898 

heterophfUa     •   SS 

4 

iapdnictu  Tbuab.      298 
CordmaDon          -  1092 

pamiU       .       .981 

odordta  Hort. 

7 

purptkrm  -       .921 

orleiiUlia  L. 

4 

ilbaZ>oit       -       •  ir«S 

tlnuiaLrfMi.        -    2S 

pant'culdia  Thun.  > 

3.4 

Core6ima  Spach     -    484 

parvijidra  Dec.     - 

18 

v/MOftMiJM  Spach    484 

parviHdra  Suit.    - 

16 

Coriices        -       -146 

ilba        .       .  ss 

pedicelidtti  Swt.    - 
Pitcher!  r.^G.    - 

14 

CorlMnNitt.         -    l«i 

hfruinlma  Uerm.  .  !« 
Coltima  ^   .       .    » 

15 

myrtilMiaZr.        -    146 

pol§fm6rpka  Hort 

14 

nepaltosis  fTolL    -    146 

latcnnMla         .   9S 

pub^rens     • 

15 

sarmentdsa  Fortt.     146 

arboraceaa       .   SS 

pulck6Ua  Pen.      - 

18 

Cork  Tree     -       -    884 

CDm^teHort.       -    9B 

reUculAU  FFa/<.    - 

9 

Cornices       .  501.  1116 

mtermaedia  Lad.  -    S8 

rd#«a  Abbott 

9 

Cornelian  Ckerrp  -    606 

$mrica  Mill.  Diet 

17 

Cornel  Tree  -       -    606 

9lfi9iMiris  Gnm.  .   S* 

Siebdidfi  Paxt.      - 

10 

ComisM  Eim  •       -    716 

Coconeiatcr  JHM.  .   «S 

StMsii  Hoolc. 

9 

C6n)us  L.       .  601.  1116 

Simji'i  Surt.  H.  B. 

7 

^UAaWalt.     .        .    604 

affloU  LmdL        -   4H 

$ininsi8  Lour.  Coc. 

6 

ilbaZ...       .       .503 

badlliria  »««.     .  tl» 

maviolens  Sal.  P. 

8 

drciniUDms    -    603 

bttxilMia  »'d«.     .    4J1 

fMii(^/./«#Aan.T. 

18 

siblricaL.C.     -    603 

margiaau-        -   41i 

tfr//a  Com.  - 

6 

aMma  Mar»h.     -    601 

denucuUu   .        .    4B 

6 

alternifblia  L.      -    601 

eUiptioa  Hort.       .    49 

triiemMa  Hort    - 

7 

Am&mum  Du  Rot     604 

frfgida  WalL         .    401 

^rens  Gerard 

3 

atperifblia  L.  C.  -    504 

^NiaiMLoil.C«»IL    4d? 

vertieilUkria  Dec.  - 

17 

c^cridea  Lam.       .    604 

teV»  ImmU.  CoIL     «i 

Vidrna  Bot.  Rm>. 

8 

atriUea  Meerb.   -    603 

UxifldraJaof.       .    4V 

Vi6ma  i^.     - 

7 

canadfiufs  Hort.  -    6Ca 

nnUdra  Fueher-   4K 

cord^ta 

7 

candidutima  Mill.    904 

manpui^te  Lindl..    411 

vfomStde*  Schrad. 
Tirginiilna  L. 

12 
6 

eapitata  Wall.       .    608 
circiniu  VHer.  -    506 

imelamocmrmaVitc.  4tf 
micrupfaf  ila  !»'«&    411 

bracteilU  Dec.   - 

G 

circinita  Cham.  .    603 

6"e«-drM  Lmti  4M 

VitilbaL.     .       . 

5 

citrifbh'a  Hort.     -    6G4 

nummuUria  LaadL   49 

Yitic^lla  L.  >       . 

11 

cffonocdrputGm.  -    603 

rotuDdlAlia  ITi^C      418 

bacciu  Dec. 

18 

Cjianocdrpus  Mom.   604 
ddUrica  Laun.     -    621 

XXMO^tba^  UmdL  .    4tf 

caprdlea     - 

12 

L'-M-i^w  Uofft.  .   4J8 

m<ilUplex  G.Don 

12 

Jof'mtna  M.Dict      504 

▼ulgaru  iJmd.       .    «8 

purpiln>a 

12 

Jee'mina^f         .    502 
/aatigidia  Mx.       .    6U3 

depresM  ^ran  .   fli 

teouifblia  Dec.  - 

12 

er  jthroc£rpa  £.ea  481 

vltiflilla        .       . 

16 

ferruginea  Hort       604 

_  mrl.aiockrp«      .  4K 

Cldthra  L.      -       - 

681 

fl6ridai,.      .        .5(7 

Coviaia  D.  bom  -  Sfi 

acuminata  Mt. 

682 

grindii  ScMeekt.-    607 

piicata  D.  Dmb     .   3U 
Cr«b6»akia  St^  .   80 

alnifdlia  L. 

682 

ffrindit  BenlA.     .1116 
lanmginota  Mx.  -    604 

denuddta  Ait.     • 

682 

boerfaaavtefbUa^.   89 

puUscens  Ait.   • 

668 

macroph^lU  ITotf.  1116 

Crab       ...» 

incdna  Per*. 

682 

mi»  L.          -       -    506 

Crack  WfOov         .   W 

monidna  Bartr.   . 

682 

ftlSctu  cdr»  coldris606 

CraDbeny       -        .   @8 

paniculita  Ail.     - 

682 

variegitus.       .    606 

Crat«'iru«£«ad.K3  1116 

•cibre  Pert. 

6N3 

obl6nga  fVaU.      •    605 

acerif otmHoet.    .    3N 

toment5sa  L. 

582 

oblonnJbUa  Rafin.     504 
oScinalU      -       .607 

catiTilu  r.A^G.  -  ll» 

Cluster  Pine 

261 

C/ymenon  L'Obel  - 
Italdrum  L'Obel  . 

78 

panienidta  Ham. .    bf& 

alkd*M  Lodd.Cat..  3B 

78 

panicuUia  VHer.     504 

aptifbUa  L.  C^  .   881 

Cnebrvm  Matth.  . 

691 

ilbida  Ehrk.     -    604 

apUbliaJb.         .   SB 

C6cculus  Bank, 

40 

ndiiuPA.        -    604 

mi^tor  L.  Ctt.  .   SB 

carollnus  Dec 

J^ 

raoemdsa  Lam.    -    504 

minor                .SB 

CocAtpur  Tkom     . 

^ 

rmbiginbsa  Ehrh.     604 

arbor^aewia  T.  tC  lll» 

Collitia  Com. 

178 

mgdsa  Lam.         •   608 

ar*atfirdA«L.C^    SB 

E'pbedra  Fent.    . 

179 

MattgrnneaVh.      >    flOt 

«nfra«^atiia  Aft.     .   8M 

/rro«Gill.&Hook. 

179 

tangninea  Walt.  .    603 

^rrMMr.cl^Sp.     4» 

h6rrida  Lindl.      . 

179 

•anguinea  L.        -    302 

^Vaa^USpL      -   4» 

spin6fa 
ulldna 

179 

(bliis  variegitis  .    60S 

Ar&aU  Bote         .   SB 

179 

P<ir«hiii>oM'«Jf.  602 

««ti;£draiv  L.  C^ft. .    SB 

Coiatea  it  Br. 

244 

tempervirens  L.C.     604 

Aaar61iwl^          .  3B 

dptera  Schmidt  - 

244 

•erlcea  1,'Air.      .    604 

A.  fi  WttJd.  S^  .   SB 

arborftfcens  L.     '• 

244 

obloncifblia  Dee.   604 
strlctaZ.      .       -    603 

hertMsrifMter.4C.Ill6 

cruiuta  Ait. 

844 

betuUfiUa  l^CA^   BS 

hal^pica  Lam.   . 

246 

asperifbUa         .    MM 

Ommft^m^tpAa  i,  40 

hirtiUa  Roth 

844 

semperrlreni    .    504 

oiralNaftdML.C..   8a 

kkmiiH  Scop. 
ittHa  Mill.  Diet  - 

245 

ttoUmiferu  Mx.     .    603 

earoimiAmm  Poir..   881 

246 

tatarica  Mill.  Ic.  -    803 

ocrp^MwI^Cau.   8B 

mMia  mvd.     - 

246 

toment^taUx.      .    6QB 

cocrlpea  Jbot*    .   8B 

nepalteaU  Hook.  - 

246 

•irgimitna  HPar.     606 

eorfittaa   •      •   M 

■I 

i 

i 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


1147 


roAxima  £>.  Cat."  3M 

n611UT.^6.    -  1115 

neapoliUna //or.  SM 

o]ig&ndra7.^GM115 

IM)pulin>liar.4rG.  1115 

sptndaa  Godefr.  -  354 

vlridif  T.^G.  •1115 

toraithut  L.  Cat.  •  354 

cord&ta  Miii.        -  367 

cornifdlia  Booth    -  856 

crenuidta  Hort.  -  385 

Cru9-paUi  DuKol  355 

CrUt-ttimL.        .  358 

linearis  Dec.      -  360 

ndna  Dec.          -  360 

ovaiffblta  B.  R.  360 

pyracanthifblla  D.  359 

salicifdlla  iVc.  -  360 

tplendens  Dee.  -  359 

eun^'Yo/iVi  L.Cat.  -  358 

deniata  Thuil.      -  434 

DougULtli  Lindl.  -  864 

4nUc»  Ronalds      -  356 

ediilis  Ronalds     -  856 

editlts  Lodd.  Cat.  -  856 

emptica  L.  Cat.  -  360 

eriocdrpa  h.  Cat.  -  379 

fusahee       .       -  378 

f/ssu  Lodd.  Cat.   -  370 

flabelldta  Hort.    -  354 

tikv^AH.       -       -  864 

Jtiva  Hort.            -  379 

Jlavissima  Hort  -  364 

Ji6ri<tn  Godefruy  -  367 

Jtorida  Lodd.  Cat.  383 

gedrgica  Doug.     -  354 

gltibra  Thunb.       -  404 

glandulbta  Mx.    -  364 

macr^M^Aa  Lindl.  357 

glandulbsa  W.      -  3.^ 

subTill5sa          -  354 

•uccul6nta  Fis.  •  354 

gMica  Wall.  C.  -  403 

Sr«rVo  Hort.         -  433 

etoroph^Ua  F.    -  374 

inc'isa  I«ee     -       -  372 

mdentdtahoA.  C.  354 

tacmihta  Lod.  C.  -  380 

Lamberii^nal^otl.  384 

iatijfhiia  Vo\t.        -  434 

lati/bliaVer%.       -  856 

i!aftfd/iVs  Ronalds  -  856 

leticophlee^os  Msn.  356 

linearis  Led.  Cat.  360 

inwAris  I.od.  Cat.  383 

lobata  ^otc  -        -  865 

kmgifblia  N.  Du  H.  433 

IdaaaVftmg.        -  »58 

iiUea  Foiv      -       -  365 

lutescens  Booth     -  381 

macracintba  Lotf.  357 

minor        -       -  358 

maroccdna  Peri.  -  30) 

tnaHra  L.  fll.         -  369 

mexicina  Moe,     -  384 

microc&rpa  Lindl.  8o7 

neapolHdna  Hort.  874 

nlffra  W.  et  K.      -  S62 

flisca  Jacq.        -  368 

odoratisthna  B.  R.  371 

Oliviria  Lod.  C.  -  378 

OUveriAna  Bote  •  378 

opdca  Hook.          -  1115 

orlentaiis  ^(f^      -'  371 

sanguinea  -       -  371 

ortVrUdiig  Lindl.  -  371 

orientiUit  Lod.  C.  378 

OTallfblia  i/om.    -  360 

Oxyacdniha  Fl.  D.  ^9 

Oryacantha  Walt.  366 

Oxyacintha  L.     -  375 

apctiUa  Lod.  Cat.  \  Zn 

auxantlaca  Booth  379 

atirea  Hort.       -  379 

capitata  5m.  Ayr  377 

.     Celsiana /for<.  -  377 

erioc&rpa  Lmdt.  379 


flexudsa  Stn.  Ayr  ^Tl 

Jldrepieno  Hort.  377 

fbllis  ara^nteis  -  881 

fbltls  aOrels       -  381 

fHictu  ooccineo  1115 

ladnUU    -       .380 

leucoc&rpa         -  379 

lAcida        -       .881 

molanocfirpa      -  378 

monCgjna  -       -  877 

mtSltiplex  Hort.  377 

obtusata  Dec.    -  879 

OllTeri^a         -  378 

oxyph^Ua  -       -  1115 

oxyphf  11a  Mone.  381 

pendufa  Lod.  C.  376 

ptatupk^Ua  Lod.  378 

prs  cox  Hort.   -  377 

pteridifdiia         -  381 

puiilcea  Lod.  C.  377 

fl.  pldno          -  377 

quercifblia  B.    -  380 

reglnae  Hort.      >  876 

rigidu  Ronalds  -  375 

r6sea  Hort.        -  377 

eupirba  H.     -  377 

Blblrica      .       .  377 

strlcta  Lod.  Cat.  2115 

transylvinica  B.  377 

mondnj/na  Jacq.   -  377 

mondgyna  L.        -  377 

ojeyacanthoidet  Th.  879 

parvifblia  Ait.       -  383 

fl6rida        -       .  883 

grossuUriaefbUa  383 

pectmdta       -        -  354 

pentdgynajldva  G.  356 

platyph^Ua  Lindl.  378 

popul^iiaVitAt.  -  367 

prunlralia  Bo$c     -  861 

pt^rtdUdiia  Lod.  C.  381 

punctata^!/.        -  3.^5 

adrea  Pur$A      -  356 

breTlspInai)(»i^.  356 

Jldita  Hort.        -  856 

riibraPttMA      -  S56 

strictalf.        .  856 

stricta  Ronalds  -  356 

purpurea  Base      -  363 

altaica        -        -  363 

Pyracaiitha  Perf.  -  385 

crenuUU  Hort.  385 

tr.m.H.'       -Ulb 

pyracantkifd.  L.  C.  359 

pyrif6Ua  Z'/. .       -  356 

pyrifhlia  Lam.      -  446 

pyrifblia  Torrey  -  357 

pyrifArmu    -       -  854 

racembsa  Lam.     -  413 

radidta  Ix)d.  Cat.  856 

rlTuUris  T.AG.  -  1115 

rotwmdiJbUa  Booth  354 

rotundrfJUia  Lam.  412 

tedidfblia      -        -  360 

uuiguinea  Scbrad.  371 

sanguinea  Pall.    -  854 

gaugumea  Hort  -  3(^8 

saindica  Wahl.     -  434 

Merrdta  Poir.         -  446 

ShicblalAam.        -  405 

sibirica  Lod.  Cat.  377 

spaikttiita  Mx.     -884 

spathulAta£//fof  -  867 

ge6rgtca     -        -  868 

spJtndeiu  Lod.CaL  859 

^ticdta  Lam.         -  413 

tphta  longissima  Ij.  357 

ipinouanma  Lee  366 

sttpuidcea  Lod.  C.  384 

subvilidsa¥\Kh.   -  355 

tuicica  Ait.  -       -  434 

tanacetlfblia  Pers.  372 

CelsUna    -        -  372 

gUbra  Lod.  Cat.  372 

Leedna  A.B.    -  372 

tanacetifb.  taHr.D.  371 

tomenidsa  lAn.  Sp.  383 


tomenidsa  Du  Rol     3M 

torm/Rai£r  L.  Sp.  -    436 

trilobitaL.  -       -    866 

triioMtaL^.       -    487 

f/tirM«a<aParsh     364 

iurbindta  Tunh  -    883 

am(^rii  Du  Rol  -    883 

virginidna  Hort  -    884 

Tlriinlca  L<mM.     .    884 

viridis  IjodA.  Cat      383 

virtus  Hort.  -       -    884 

Cress  Rocket  .       .     54 

Crowberry     -       •.1091 

CrucUceae       -       -      53 

Cucumber  Tree      <-      99 

CunniughdnTla  Br.    1065 

laneeoUUa  R.  Br.     1065 

sintosis  Rick.       -  1065 

Cupr^sstnie    •       -  1068 

Cupressus  L.  -       -  1073 

austrilis  Pers.      ~  1076 

americdna  Catesb.  1078 

baccif6rmis  fF/IAf.    1076 

CoultdrIi/'fM.»'a6.  1076 

distichaLAi.         -  1078 

expSnsa  Hort.       -  1073 

futigidta  Hort.     -  1073 

fastlgiita//.ff'o6.-  1076 

SfoifCa  Brot.  •  1075 

orizontAHs  Audi.    1076 
korixonidlisV.D.    1073 
lusitinica  Toum.     1075 
nepaUnsis  Hort.  -  1084 
pendula  Tkufdt.    -  1076 
pendula  L'Hirit  .  1075 
phidula  Thunb.   .  1075 
puramideUis  Hort.    1073 
sabinlildes  H,  B.  -  1076 
sempervlrens  L.   -  1073 
strlcta  MiU.       -  1073 
horizontaiis  Afi//.  1073 
thurlfera  H.  B.     -  1076 
Toumef6rtil  w^fid.    1076 
tkyoides  Par.         -  ir'7(> 
thyoldes  L.  -       •  1076 
fbUis  variegitis  -  1075 
nkoAHort.        -  1075 
torul5sa  XrOfnJ^.     -  1076 
virgiuidna  Com.  -  1078 
Cupullfera     -       •    849 
Currants         -       •    477 
Custard  wple        -     38 
Cydbnia  Toum.      -    450 
jap6nica  Pers.       -    452 
fibre  Hlbo  -       -    452 
fl.  s6mi-pldno     -    4.^2 
sinensis  Tkouin    -    451 
vulgaris  Pers.       -    450 
lusitinica  Du  H.     451 
malir6rmls  Hort.    450 
pyrif6rmis  Hott.     450 
Cvprcss  -        -  1078 

C'ftisusDiV.  -        -    213 
Addmi  Vo\r.-       -    216 
ae61icus  Guss.        -    226 
ilbusLit.       -       -    213 
incarndtus  -       -    214 
atphuu  Lam.        -    214 
alplnus  MiU.         -    215 
frigT»ii»  Hort.  -    217 
ptodulus    -       -    216 
purpurfiscens  H.     216 
anag^ius  L'H.    -    227 
anguiti/blius  Mcen.    215 
argentetis  L.         •    225 
austrlacus  L.        -    223 
n&ra  Lod.  -       -    223 
austrlacus  Lod.    -    228 
calyclnus  Bieb.     -    225 
ealy^nus  Lod.      -    224 
candieans  L.  Sp.  •    204 
canisccns  Fisch.   -    224 
capitdtus  Jacg.      -    224 
.  cilUtus  Waklenb.  -    224 
compUcitus  Br.    -    227 
oonnlicdtus  Dec.  •    328 
decumbens  Lod.    •    223 


i</0«r/cai«tfL'H.  •  22K 

elongdtus  fV,  S;  K.  222 

ekmgdtus  Hort.    -  222 

muUifibrusuec.   -  222 

lUcitus  IV.tfK.   '  223 

frand^fibrus  Dec.  219 

irsiitusX.   -        -  224 

kirsiUus  Lod.        -  224 

hirsktus  Lam.       -  224 

kisndnietts  Lim.    -  227 

Laodrnum  L.        -  214 

eocclneuni  B.  C.  216 

fdliis  varicgatis  -  215 

tckgrKMUort,    -  215 

indsum      -       •  215 

latifbUum  Pers.  215 

pendulum  Hort,  215 

/»tti7rjkrr«m  H.  -  215 

quercifblium  if.  211 

lanlgerufl  Dec      •  221 

rlgidusDn;.      -  226 

leudinthus    -       -  ^21 

loto\des  Pour.       -  -223 

raultiflbrus  LindL  222 

nanus  IViltd.         -  225 

nigricans  L.          -  218 

n^ricans  PalL      -  243 

onentiUis  Lois.     -  2'i6 

parvtfdlius  Lod.    -  224 

parv^blius  N.  D.  -  2.8 

pdtens  L.       -        -  219 

paucifibrus  Willd.  225 

penduiinus  U  f.    -  219 

pinndtu*  Pail.       -  248 

pol^trichus  i?r>&>  224 

pubtscens  Mufuch  204 

purptireus  Scop.    ~  222 

flOre  dlbo  Hort  -  222 

flbre  rbseo          -  222 

racembtus  Mam.  226 

ruthiiiicus  Lod.    -  223 

scopdrius  Lk.        -  2i9 

ilbus  Hort.        .  220 

fibre  pldno  Hort.  220 

ses&ilifblius  L.       -  218 

spinbsus  Lam.      -  2*i0 

suplnus  Jfic^.         -  223 

supinu*  Bert.        -  224 

supinus  Lin.  Sp.  -  224 

supinus  Lod.         -  224 

teloninsis  Lois.      .  228 

Toum^ortidnusL.  224 

tribracteoiatus  ff .  221 

triflbrus  L'^^-/<  -  219 

trifidrus  Lam.       •  224 

trtjtdrus  Lod.       -  228 

uraifnsis  Lod.      -  224 

viUbsus  Pour.        >  219 

Weiddniiris.        .  217 

wolgdricus  L.  fll.  .  243 

Daboe'cla />.  2>on  .  572 

polifblia  I).  Don   -  .')72 

flbre  ilbo  $fr<.  -  572 

Dakoon  Tree  -       -  161 

Dalbirgia  Spr.  -    -  232 

amorpkoides  Spr.  232 

Damask  Base         •  332 

Dammara       -       -  1066 

D£mmara  £am&.    -  1066 

orientaUsLomA.   -  1066 
DUphde-       .    686.1117 

alplna  L.       -       -  688 
altaica  Poff.  -       .687 

AuckI4ndii  Lindl.  1117 

buxifbUa  Vahl      -  680 

Cnebrum  L.         -  691 

co1Una5fnr<A         -  G90 

caWXxxSiuBoLReg.'  690 

neapolitanaL.  -  690 
Guidium  L.  -       .691 

Laurdola  L.-       -  688 

Mezdreum  L.       .  687 

autumnaie         -  687 
fibre  &lbo  .       .687 

neap<^itdnaLod.  >  690 

olet^biia  Lam.     -  691 
oleoides        -       -    690 


1148 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


.'« 


indentiU  - 
|>6ntica  L.  - 
fbUuTariegitteX.  688 
rftbra  libr^.  -  688 
puMtceni  -  -  688 
nllcifblia  LoM.  -  690 
•eiicea  Vakl  .  691 
•trUU  Trmi.  -    681 

Tirton-rnira  L.    -    689 
Tbymeic'a  Vakl       689 
ta«Dent6ta     -       •    690 
Date  Plum     -       -    625 
X>eciduoiu  Cjpreu   1077 
Decumiria  £.         -    466 
birbara  Z>.    -       -    467 
sarmeDtftta  DiMi     467 
FortfUUa  Mx.      •    467 
proatriU  Lo.  C    >    467 
rmdieana  MoBiich  -    467 
tmrmenldta  Boic       467 
D«odara  Cedar       •  1009 
DeiiUia  Tktm.       -    465 
Bruntala  WaU.     -    466 
can($een$  Sleb.      -    466 
corr mb6ia  R.  Br.     466 
Kibra  7)kwt.        -    466 
ttmwAnea  R.  Br.    -    466 
Dcw-berrj      -       -    SI4 
Dieonai^a  Hx.     -    489 
Dierrilla  Ttmm.    -    ASS 
MMtftfiw^Duh.    -    535 
omadfoili  W.      -    AS5 
kkmiUB  Pen.        -    625 
/ftlr«Ph.       -       .525 
tktum^firtiiHx.   -    525 
tr^a  McNich      '    525 
IMotp^roaiL  -       -    625 
LbCtuI..       -       -    625 
pub^tceni  PA.       -    627 
Hrglnlina  L.        -    626 
frirginidnawir.lAx.  627 
Dldtls  Scikr^.         -    677 
ceratendes  W,       -    677 
DtrcaX.         •       .692 
paldttrla  L.  -       -    682 
Dogwood        -       -    501 
Domhiga  Lam.      -  1062 
ckUihuia  Lam.      -  1062 
2>tf vn/OM  fAn        •    723 
D^Argyle*r  Tea  Tree  666 
DiflcamJraMonich     664 
AfjcMtdsa  Mcnich    -    664 
J}iieuTng.   -       -    66i 
MMaraTrag.         -    664 
DmichElm     -       -    718 
DuvatiaiCM.  -  192.  1113 
denUta  Dee.         -    193 
dependens  Dee.    -    192 
deptndem  m,  Hook.    192 
4efihuUnM  y  Hook.    193 
latlfdlia  Gf//.         -    193 
longifdlia  i/or/.     -1113 
oviU  Undl.  '       .193 
dnuiu  Lhtdl,      -    I9i 
DtparfAlmoMd       -    286 
Dver's  Weed  -       -    210 
Kbenicce       -       -    634 
£*benu$  Comm.     -    625 
JSrUutOHa  D«e.     >    338 
8$coior  Dec.  -       -    338 
punicea  Red.        -    388 
Sttaitiine       -       -    337 
Ekretia  UHMt.    -    689 
haUm(fbUa  L'HMt.  689 
Elwagnicea  -    695.  1115 
^agmuCMTd.     -    934 
Slaefignus  T.   -  685.1117 
»mgWfttfMaL.     -    696 
u-gigntcaPA.         -    697 
«rg«MteaWaU.     -    686 
•rgtntem  MesDch      696 
ooonrtaAoff.       .    697 
hortteiisAM.     -    686 
•nciutifMla^«*.  697 
daetjUftraiit     -    687 
orlentiUa  -       -    687 


•    Sh 


•ptndaa 
imtrmiaWXi, 
oriemaiu  Delicto       696 
on'emtdii*  L.  -    697 

parrll^lla  Boyi^    -  1117 
sallcif&lia  D.  Dom      697 
MM^arftca  Fitch.   -    696 
spinoea  L.     >       -    697 
Kkeodindnm  ReU.     622 
il'fvoii  ReU.         •    622 
Elder      ...    513 
EieignmmlAilb.     -    673 
Tkeopkr^tH  Lob.      673 
Elm        -       .       .715 
f'fiwnw  Mill.  le.    -    247 
M^/or  Mill.  Ic.      .    M7 
nriiMrMiU.lc.      .    847 
Empetrioes  >       -  1080 
E'mpetrumL.        -  1091 
A&mm  Lin.   .       .  I(i82 
Conridli  Torrey  •  1082 
UuitAmiemnTwan.  1092 
nigrum  L.     >       >  1081 
iG6iicum  JIotA.  -  1081 
rikbrumL.     •       -  1091 
Bnd6genae      .       .  1083 
B'phedraL.   •       -887 
dIsUchyaL. .       >    987 
marftlmamlior  7btk837 
moooitiehja  L.    •    988 
potygpnSkleM  PaU.     888 
vmlgaru  Rich.       -    887 
EDig«'aL.     -       -    580 
repeni  L.      >       -    680 
rublcdnda  Surt.  -    A81 
Ericice*       -    652.  1116 
Erloea    ...    552 
EiicaD.DoM         .    555 
aiutrilli  L.  '       -    556 
barbdHca  Rmr      •    555 
betvmi6rmi$  iul.   -    655 
Ary^AlAa  Thunb.  -    671 
orHUfaWUld.     -    571 
e&mea  L^  Sp.       .658 
cillirisL.      .       .557 
dndreaZ..     -       .556 
&Iba  Lodd.  Cat.  -    656 
atropurpiirea  L.C.  656 
caneeoens  Lo.C.      656 
piUida  Lo.C.     -    656 
prolifera  Lo.C-    656 
riUtta  H.E.W.  -    656 
•irtcU  Lo.C.     "    556 
eoctV.  wroefunh.    -  1091 
Doto^cniL.    .       .    572 
dStfyuM  Stokes      >    557 
«rlc«i«Bauh.         -  1092 
A«rA^«ra  L.  Dlt.  .    668 
kUtkmica.  4c.  Rajr     672 
Mmilft  Neck.       -    656 
Juniperifdltatke.G.  668 
%v6ri-«8al.         .    658 
Mackai^na  BA.  -    556 
medOerrdnea  -   225.658 
mtUSbitis  Sal.       .556 
multmraUvOB.  .    567 
muitjflorah.iip.  -    658 
longipedKeUitm  -    658 
pedmuml^rit  Pretl    658 
•w/iliartfiSaL      .    656 
pinrttoPark.         -    5.V 
MHT'M'^cnM  Lcm.  557 
ioxatiUt^tl.        -    658 
tmvtfdUa  Ger.  862.  556 
Taralix  L.  .       .655 
UImH.E.W.      .    556 
c&rDeaLowr.i?.2r.  656 
Mackalina         .    666 
riibna.£.W.  .    656 
w^aSaL       -       -    507 
vdgamt  L.  Mant  254. 667 
wigdriMh.    '       >    668 
Brtobdtrva  LtaH.  .    408 
dVlplfetf  LIndl.      .    408 
Bicalloniioes        -    488 
BecaUtelaMc       -    490 


H^M^Lk.atO.  -  X 
AiratfMfaRB.etK.48l 
momtevidtmtii  Sc.  481 
giandHldaa  BoL  C.  481 
illlnltoPrMi  -  481 
montarldfosls  Dcr.  481 
floribOnda  .    491 

pulverultota  Per».    481 
retinftM  Per*.    916.  491 
riibra  P«r«.  -       -    480 
albUI6raA.«fif.    491 
glabritiicula/l.^  J.  490 
pab^MMM  tf .4rJ.  491 
fMMSfSal.  -    611 

dickdiomtu  89L     -    611 
EooujmSlde*  M.   •    164 
Eu6nirmiu  re«nt.88. 149 
aitemtfdlhaU.    .    162 
americinus  L.      .    162 
anguetimtua     *    162 
oboTitut  Nmtt.       152 
larmentdeut  N.      162 
Mr. /8  Tor. AG.     162 
Mr.  ^  Tor.  Jk  G.    162 
•or. «  Tor.  ft  G.      162 
amgmstifblimPunh   162 
atropurpkreut  W.    161 
atropurpdlreut  </.  .    161 
CMfvMi^ti^  Manb.    161 
caMieA$ieu»  Lodd.      151 
eehinitos  WaU.    .    168 
europs'iM  L.        •    149 
fb\.  Tariegitis  £..  C.  1 60 
ft^ctu  ilbo  L.C.     150 
laUlbUusLodtf.C.    150 
teprdeu*  L.       -      150 
nlnai  LoAf.  CW.    160 
9ar.  2.  L.  -       -    160 
llmbrUtus  WaU.        168 
Mgidut  Waii.      -    158 
gardnlsfUiiu  R.       153 
gUberRoH.         .    163 
gr6nus  Ifoir.        .    153 
HamUtoniiniii  fV.    168 
IndicuiHflyM      .    168 
Jap6nicus  Tkmnb.      168 
Ibliis  varlcgiils       163 
latifbliiu  CBauA.     150 
tatifbUu*  Martb.  .    160 
IQcldoiD.  Don     -    153 
micHLnthut  D.Dom    163 
ninui  Bieh.  .       .161 
e6o«dltuDec.       .    162 
p^ndului  yPatf .      .    158 
Betttperptre^t  H.  *    162 
•ubtrifl&rus  JMmm    153 
tlngeoB  fVaU.        •    168 
Thunbeniinua  A     183 
Tigan*  WalL        .    168 
▼errucbeut  &ap.  -    150 
Miigarz*  MlU.Dict.    149 
Emostmu  "SvU.      .    686 
«f#»'eatf»  Nutt      .    688 
Bhuoin  Nutt.       .    686 
Dfoep^nu  Natt.       686 
jemctUita  Nott.       685 
EuphorbiiceflB         -    701 
Brergreen  Oaks     .    880 
Brergreen  Thotn  > 
Eyienhirdtia  H.    . 
amorphbldet  H.    • 
FabUnaJI.JrP.     .1117 
ImbrlciuA.ftP..  1117 
PM^ra  Lam.  III.   .    148 
Jraxmifdlia  Lam.      148 
P^gau  Bauh.  -  917. 1118 
FigutX.        -    905.1118 
americdnalsi^U.     908 
ant&rctica  Ponf.  .    910 
b«taKldet  Wrh.  -   910 
caroUmidna  Lod.  •    OBB 
CSMldnca  Lin.      •    916 
Domb^  Iftr*.    -    911 
ddbiaMfr*.  -       >   911 
fermginea  JA. 
caroUniiDa 


tat^fUm 
obUooa 
piiBila 
i^WitkaJL.   . 


9U 
1119 


DvR.  986 
R.       .  1118 


ctfpffva 
rWiav 


F%$dkerm^ 
Fne- 


Floweritig  a2 
FIj  UoBCTHieiL 
FontaDMi  i^m 
pfaUlrreiUee 
F^9^ikim  Walt. 


Fochfrailla  L. 
alnifbAal.. 


obcui4xa 

aAH/a#ML.f. 

GAr^emi  J«c« 

Gmrdemi  Mx. 

Foa  Gr^ie 


M. 
Frdteri  Nott. 


a 


^^ 


lAainaa 


tatiAlia 
angiMcUMIa 


B6»aiG.  Dob 


caroUni^na 


CTM^  HOft. 


■6 


Hi 
CM 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


IHO 


horiionaili  Detf.  641 

JMpldea  fTiUd.  -  641 

lutea          -       -  641 

Dioa          -       -  641 

ptadultkAft,      •  640 

purpuriaoens  D.  641 

▼erruciMa  Detf,-  641 

ptodula     -       -  641 

TerUcilUU  L.  C.  641 

tW^m  ndva  I>e«.  641 

var.t  Lam.       -  64S 

«j|»aiwa  Wind.     -  690 

JloribUnda  D.  Don  658 

Jhrifcra  Scop.       -  6ftl 

J6sem  Bote     -       -  6S0 

heterophfll*.       -  642 

Tariesita   -       -  643 

iftiegrifdlia  Hmt.-  642 

JugUndlfdlla         -  648 

lublnceg^rriraa  -  649 

tubierrdla  WUld.  649 

Uepigdta  Hort.    -  743 

id»e«a  Bosc  -       -  6M) 

ianeeoldta  BotOL'  649 

lODtiicirdlla  Deif,  6ili 

pfodula     -       -  64A 

iongifblf a  Bote      •  600 

mann\fpra  Hort  -  653 

muiaBotc    -       -  650 

•MMMpAy(fa  DetH  -  643 

»4rra  Bote    -       -  660 

nigra  Du  Rot       -  646 

Migra  Monch        -  647 

ydMt-A'tuiiig  ma.  649 

CrtuuVM.-       -    644 

O'fiMifScop.        -    639 

O'riMM  I.in.  -       -    651 

O'nMMMilt-       •    651 

antrr/c^na  Lodd.   653 

09dta  Boic    -       -    650 

oxjvina,  W.         -644 

ojvpA^Bleb.    -    644 

pflUda  BoK  -       -    645 

pmtfCKldto  If  Ul.    .    651 

jBomtdM  Vent.eC  B.  690 

parVifblia  IFrlld.   .    643 

parvifbUa  Lam.    -    645 

pennsylvAnica  Mars.  647 

pUtycarpa  F.        -    650 

poUm<mtfdUaTcir.  690 

pulh^sceDi  IT.        -    646 

UUf  611a  WaU.  -    647 

longlfMla  WtiU.    647 

•ubpuMsceiu  Per.  647 

fuivertUinta  Bote     6S0 

purpurea  Hort.    •    641 

quadramgutiri*  Lod.  648 

quadranfulata  ICr.    648 

nerv6M  Lodtf.  Co/.  648 

JUcA^rdi' Bote      >    650 

roitrdta  Gum.      -    639 

rottmdifUla  Ait.  -    653 

mbMuuUi  Boic     •    650 

rVa  Bote     -       -    650 

«a2rq/'d/iVi  Hort.    -    643 

•ambucirblU         -    647 

crtopa  Lodd.  Cai.    647 

Sekiedf  ibta  Sch.    -    661 

terratijblia  Mich.      649 

smpUcifdlia  Hort    643 

«ii»»/yq)rd/ta  WUld.  643 

•tr{JltaA/«c  .       -    653 

tubviUdMo  Bote     -    647 

tamariteifdUa  Vahl  645 

tetragbna  Celt.     -    648 

lonrni^M  Mich.    -    G46 

irintera  Nutt.       -    e.'JO 

«iritfi«Botc  -       -    650 

9iridis  Mich.         •    648 

wmigdtior  Segn.     -    601 

French  Berries      -    173 

Fringe  Tree  -       -    634 

Folham  Oak  -       -    8.'» 

Fane     -       -       -    199 

GHefUy        .       -    934 

Garryico*      -       -    936 


Girrya  Domgf.       -    MS 

elliptica  DcNv/.     -    M6 

UuriAUa  Hmrtut.  •    986 

Lindliyl        •       -    996 

maerophf  lla  -       -    996 

obI6aga         -       •    936 

orita     -       .       -    996 

OauUhAriaL.         -    579 

proc<imben«  L.     -    579 

•erpulHftUaTh.   .    581 

ShiUon  PvrM      -    580 

Oean      ...    877 

Oelsemimm  Barrel.     661 

CUmatig  Barrel.  .    661 

GenitU  Lam.     303.1114 

•tn^nsli  Dee.       -    908 

dibalMa.     .       -    813 

am$dnUca  Ten.    -    819 

ingUcaL.     -       -    207 

anxintiea  Ttn,     -    309 

scaribta  -  •  810 
aphf Ua  Dee,  -  -  908 
canaicantL.  -  •  903 
decumbent  Dor.  -  212 
dUKita  IViUd.  .918 
ophedriades  Dec.  •  905 
ermdcea  GlUb.  B.  F.  906 
germinica  L.        *    3U7 

in^rmis  Dec.  -  908 
HUleri  Keyn.  -  919 
kerhdoea  Lam.  -  91 1 
kinkia  Mcmch  -  919 
hiipinlca  L.'  »  WJ 
kispSntea  Jaoq.  Ic.  906 
h^rridaDrr.-  -  906 
kum(flt$a  yfvXt.  .  912 
tfe^Mtf  Dalech.  -  906 
itdU'ea  Lodd.  Cat  -  210 
Mmcea  Lam.  -  -  909 
lusltinlcaL..  -  905 
monotp^rma  L.  -  908 
imilrf/SoraN.DttH.  918 
Miaor  Lam.  -  -907 
mervdta  Kit  -  -  911 
pdordia  Mcench  •  909 
OTita  Wald.-  -  911 
pitent  Dec  *  -204 
parvifliira  Dw.  -  903 
pedtmetUdta  L'Hkr.  919 
pildtal..  -  -  919 
procdmbeni  JV.  -  913 
prottriu  Lam.  -  818 
pdrgans  L.  •  -  908 
radMtaSoop.        -    TOli 

umbellita  -  .900 
ripene  Lam.  -  -  219 
roUrdta  Poir.  Sup.  806 
■agittkUaL.  .       -311 

minor  Dee.  -  811 
eearibea  Vln.  -  910 
Seopdria  Lam.  >  919 
ScOrpiui  Dee.  •  906 
Mrlcea  JVuff.  -  908 
ilbiricaZ.  .  -  910 
kpbcroc£rpa  L.  -  909 
epinifibra  Lam.  -  906 
spindM  -       -       -    213 

alvistria  Scop.     .    906 
BctbriaL.  -       -    310 
fldre  pltao-       -    910 
hirsiiuD«c.       -    910 
latifblla />(-c.      .    910 
pratiniis  PotL  -    910 
var.  N.  Du  H.  -    910 
tometUbea  Poir.     -    919 
thrrslfldra  Aiot*  -  1114 
trlac£nthof  Brot.  >    906 
interrdpta  Dec.  >    906 
trianguUrii  WOU.    911 
trlquetra  itf jf.         -    904 
iriquelra  Lam.  ?  -    804 
triqttetra  Wald.    -    211 
mnbeadtaVo\T.     -    909 
umbelliU  Potr.     -   904 
capltiU      .       -    900 
vA-^dtoLam.        -    808 
GemettUa  Mflrach  *    311 


raeemhea  Mcmch  •    811 
GemistSidee  Mflnoch     210 
tfia<aMcmch        -    910 
imberetUdta  Mcench  912 
GiiagoLln.    •       -    940 
bUoSaUn.    -       -    945 
Ginkgo  Tree  -       -    946 
Glaaconburr  Thorn    977 
Gleditschla  L.        -    949 
aqu&ttca  Lodd.     -    254 
aqttdtiea  Marsh    >    851 
Bdqiil  Hort.  Soc  G.  2M 
braek^e&rpa  Pursh   990 
caroUniniu  Lam;      951 
caspidna  Bosc       -    264 
cispicaDtfV-         -    254 
subTlr6soens  Hort.  254 
chinfnsiM        -        -    253 
firoxDetf.    -       -    394 
>9f««Baudr.  -       -    854 
/eras     ...    954 
kdrrida  WUld.  Sp.    202 
m^for  Lodd.  Cat.  252 
fidiM  Hort.  Soc.     852 
purpiarea  Lodd.     252 
J4^p6nica  Lodd.  Cat.  852 
Javanica  Lam.      .    352 
Ue^nie  Hort  -       -    250 
macrac4ntha  -       -204 
melHoba\iAt.      .    290 
mlcrac&ntha  B.  S.  0. 354 
monosp^rma-       -    201 
monontrma.       .    254 
orientalls  Lodd.    -    954 
orientiiis  Bosc      -    954 
prar'cox  Hort.  Soc.    304 
sinensis  Lam.       -    959 
in^rmls  N.  Du.  H.  959 
mk^otHort.       -    959 
nin^Hort.        .    959 
purpilrea  Hort.      252 
spinbsa  Du  Ham.  >    950 
triaedmtka  G«rt.  -    951 
triacinthos  L.      -    960 
brachyc&rpa      -    200 
inirmls  Dec.      •    900 
polysp^rma  Mart,  950 
var.  0  Mx.         -    250 
GiOciae  Bot  Mas.  -    249 
ekintnsit  Bot  Mag.  249 
frutieeem  Lin.  Sp.    249 
tinituu  Bot.  Reg.     949 
^^neticese       -       -    937 
GortfM  Tkbm  -  946 

Goat  Wheat  -  -  678 
Golden  Osier  •  -  768 
Gooseberrj  •  .468 
Goosefoot  -    670 

Gorddnta  EOit        .     73 
Ijul&nthus  I..       >     73 
pubfscens  L'BMi.     73 
Gorte      ...    900 
GranatAcea    -       -    406 
Grapevine    -       .136 
Gr^fls  Weed  -       -    910 
GrossulAcete  -    468.1116 
Gro»nMria  MUl.  D.  473 
kirskta  Mill.  Diet.    473 
recUudta  MUl.  Diet  478 
triflbrambv.        .    471 
Groundsel  Tree     -    047 
Guaiaedna  Toum.     626 
pataoina  Tourn.  -    695 
Guelder  Rose    >  299.  599 
GmtoMdinal..        -    800 
dsDioi  Lin.  Sp.      -    900 
Gwm  CMus    .       .      04 
Gymn6cladus  L.    -    900 
canadtosis  Lam.  •    950 
Gypsoc£Uls  5a/.      -    007 
camea  D.  Don      >    558 
medlterrinea  D.  D.  006 
multlfldra  D.  Don     008 
TtomsSo/.  .       .007 
Uba  ...    567 
piUida       .       .607 
parpurifcens  Bret  5B7 


Putt 

rubieoeas  Bree  -    557 
tentlla       .       -    557 
Hackberry      .       .    730 
HalesiAceae     .       -690 
Haldsia  EUi$  -       .630 
dipteral.     -       .621 
panrifldra  Kr.       .    681 
tetriptera  L.        -    (SO 
Hallmodtodron  FUsch.  949 
arg^nteum  Dec.    >    249 
brachysdma  Dee.    949 
Siev6rsii    .       -943 
▼uigire  Dec.      -    949 
eubvirticent  Dec.  943 
Sievh-Si'i  YlMOk.  •    943 
subvirescens      >    943 
H4iAi»ia  Clus.        .    676 
sec^mdut  Clus.      .    676 
oulgiri*  G«r.        >    676 
Halodtndron  Dec.  >    943 
Hainamelidice«     .    499 
HamamMis  L.        -    499 
macrophOUa  Ph.  >    499 
monoicah.    .       •    500 
Tirglnica  L.  .       .    000 
macrophflla      .    499 
panrifbUa  J^Ttttt. .    499 
Hametia  Puer.       >    044 
oonndta  Puer.       .    544 
Hare's  Bar     -       -    495 
Hawthorn       -       .    875 
Hazel      ...    921 
Heath     .       ,       .    506 
Heather  ...    009 
H£dera  Sumrte  497.1116 
canarihuiM  WUld.     498 
ehryeocdrpoe  Dalech.498 
Dion6sias  J.  Bauh.  498 
.N^/f>WaU.    •       -    498 
HilixL..  -    497 

arboriscens  Lod.  C.  498 
canarl^nsls  Drc.   >    498 
chrysocirpa  Dee.  .    498 
dMtkULod.Cat.-    498 
m.  arg^nteis  Lod.C.  498 
tbl.  atfreis  Lod.  C.    498 
Udnca-       -       -  1116 
poitica  C.  Bauh.   .    498 
quinouefhUa  L.Sp.    139 
Hedgehog  HoUy      -    158 
Hedysireas     .       .947 
Helianthemumros.      08 
apennlnum  Dec.    »     09 
caniscens  Swt.      -     60 
grandifl6rum  Dee.      09 
nyssopifbllum  Ten.     60 
crocitum  Stet.  .     61 
cCkpffeum  Swt.    .     61 
multiplex  Swt.  >     61 
macrinthum  Swt.       60 
mdltiplex  Stet.  -     60 
scabrftsum  Pers.  >     61 
serpyHlfMlum  Jf/tf.    09 
surrcdtaum  MiU.  •     58 
tadricum  Fftch.    •     59 
Tulgire  Gmrt.       -     58 
Henuock  Spruce    •  1085 
Hibiscus  Xr.    .       -     69 
•yrlacus  L.   -       -      69 
fldre  tibo   .       -     69 
fldre  fibo  plteo  •     69 
fl&re  purpureo  *     69 
fldre  purp.  pltao     69 
fldre  rubro  .     .     69 
fldre  vartegilto  -     69 
fdUU  Tariegidi       69 
Hickory  ...    785 
AcdrAw  Raf.         -   749 
MegrifdUmBMf.  -   749 
BippocattanumTea*  194 
niufire  Ten.        -    194 
Hipp6phagX.        .    698 
Bitp^haXlj.        .    700 
argtntea  Porsh     *   700 
eamadSntii  lAaa.  >   700 
CDii/SnaWaU. 
Rbamnfildas 


1150 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


■ngujiUf  61U  L.  - 

glblrica      -       -  698 

Mlidn>lia  D.  Don  699 

nbiriea  Lod.         •  699 

Holly      -       -       -  »56 

HomaliDices          -  1B2 

Horuy  LoeuMt         -  2^ 

Honersuckle  -       -  526 

Hop  Hornbeam      -  920 

Hornboam      -       -  917 

Hor««:he»tnut        -  124 

Horthuia  Juss.      -  492 

Huntingdon  Elm    -  723 

Hydrftngee     -       -  492 

Hydr&ngeaL.         -  492 

altUsima  Watt.     -  494 

arbor^sceni  Z».      -  492 

dlKolor&T.      -  493 

cordAtaPA.  -       -  498 

ge6rgica     -       -  498 

JryitiMcens  Manch  492 

ge6rgica  Lo.  C.     -  493 

neteromalla  Don  493 

HorUnftia  5i«&.     -  494 

korUmis  3m.        -  494 

nivea  Hfx.      -       -  493 

gUb^lUSm      -  493 

quercifblia  Bartr.  493 

ratUitaSm.  -       -  493 

riulidta  y^aXl.       -  493 

ve»tlU  WaU.         -  494 

vulgaris  Mx.         -  49S 

HyperantAera  dicica 

Vahl.  -  -  256 
HypericAces  -  74.  1112 
Hypericum  Z.  -  74.1112 

adpressura  Bartr.  77 

AndrouB^mum  L.  78 

BartrSkmiwn  Mill.  75 

calydoum  L.        -  76 

elitum  Ait.   .       -  75 

empetrlfbliuin  W.  77 

fiucicul&ta  Lam.  -  77 

/olidsum  Jacq.       -  77 

/rft/»Hort.          -  303 

Ealifildei  Lam.     -  77 

irclnum  L.  -       -  75 

minus  Dec.        -  75 

obtaiifblium  Dee.  75 

Kalmilnum  L.      -  76 

J?a/midntfm  Du  R.  77 

LasiSnthus  L.      -  73 

nepal^nie  Aoyto    •  77 

prolificum  L.        -  77 
roimarinifM.  L.  77. 1112 

Urilum  Ham.       -  76 
riex  L.      .       156.  1113 
aculedta  coea'gUm- 

difrraGarld.      -  888 

anguitifbUa  fViUd.  162 

AquifbUwH  Gron.  160 

AquilbUum  L.       -  157 

albo  marginatum  1A9 

ilbo  plctum       -  1A9 

altaclerense  Hort.  168 

angustlfbUum  H.  168 

atireomarglnfltum  169 

atireo  plctum     -  159 

dlUtiun     -       -  168 

ciliiUum  minus  -  168 

crassifdilum  H.  -  169 

ciispum  Hort.    -  168 

firox  Hort.        •  168 

argfinteum  -  64.  169 

alireum          •  169 

Artictu  £Ibo        -  159 

fHictu  l(^teo       -  169 

ftlictunlgro       -  159 

heterophyllum  -  168 

latifblium           •  168 

laurif&lium        -  168 

marolnjtum      -  168 
ptedulum  •       -  1113 

recdnrum  -       -  168 

•enisoens  •       -  169 

Aerratifblium     •  166 


Pan* 

9ar.  8.  Lam.  D.  160 

arbdrea  Bauh.       -  880 

baleiricaD.          -  160 

canad^nsii  Mx.     -  156 

earoimidna  VlilL  -  161 

Cassina  Mx.         -  162 

Casslne  Ait.          •  161 

CoftiHe  WlUd.      .  162 

eatsinoidet  Lk.En.  161 

eoc  ifera  Cam.      -  H83 

coccigera  Ger.       -  883 

Dah6un  Wait.       -  162 

deciduaVfuM.        -  164 

delicitula  Bartr.  -  166 

floridAna  Lam.  111.  162 

latifblU  Hort.       -  1118 

laxptdra  Lam.      -  161 

Ugustrina  Jaoq.     -  162 

mader^nsis  W.  En.  160 

madertnsi$  Lam.  -  161 

mdjor  Clus.  -        -  882 

Myrsinttes  Pursh  -  166 

myrtifbUa  Walt  -  162 

opAca  Ait.     '       >  160 

laxiflftra     -       -  161 

magelltnfca       -  161 

9ar.  Nutt.          -  161 

Perido  AH.  -       -  161 

prinSide$  AM.       -  164 

religibsa  Bart.      -  162 

rotmarin(fblia  L.  -  162 

Tomltdria  Ait.       ~  162 

IliciSideg  Dyjoa.  C.  -  164 

IlliciumL.        -20.1111 

floridanum  EUii    -  20 

religi&sum  Sf>A.    -  111! 

Inearviliea  Spr.     -  661 

grandifibra  Spr.   -  661 

tomenidfd  Spreng.  ■  671 

Indigdfera      -       -  1114 

tk&gaXkm\A  Hort.   -1114 

Iron  wood      -       -  622 

Isabella  Grape       -  137 

JsUia  Borck.  -       -  639 

alpigena  Borck.    -  639 

litcida  Moench       -  fi9Q 

I&6meris         -       .1113 

arb6reaNii«.        -  1113 

I'teaL.  -       -       -  489 

virglnicaL.  -       -  490 

■I'vaL.    -        -        -  648 

fhit^scens  L.        -  648 

Ivy          -        -        -  497 

Jvy  Fine         -       -  141 

Jaoobse^a  Bonp.     -  651 

mariUma  Bonp.    -  ^61 

Jasmine  ...  664 

JatminSidei  Mich.  666 

actUctUumtiich.  •  665 

spinbsvm  Du  Ham.  669 

Jatmhium  Forsk.  -  664 

arbbreum  Hamllt.  653 

ckrysdntMemum  R.  666 

fraticane  L   -       -  664 

heterophyllum  R.  665 

heterophOUum  M.  664 

b&mlleX.     -       -  666 

officinale  L.  -       -  667 

fbliis  argenteis  L.  656 

fbliis  atireis  L.  C.  656 

fl6ribus  pldnis  H.  656 

pubigerum  D.       -  666 

reTolOtum  Ker     -  666 

Walllchiinum  £.  .  666 

Javanese  Oaks        -  893 

Jersey  Elm     •       -  716 

Jerusalem  Sage      •  672 

Judas  tree      -       -  256 

Juglandicee  .       -  738 

JMansL.     -       -  738 

albaUn.      -       -  738 

6i6aUm,      -        -  738 

aibaUx.       .       -739 

ovita  Marsh.        •  739 

amdra  Mx.  -       -  737 

ambiguaUx.        -  742 


angmttifdUa  Ait.   .    T& 
aquStica  Mx.        -    737 
cathartica     >       -    734 
cindrea  L.     -       >    736 
eomprfssa  Gaertn.     739 
cubndrica  Lam.    -    736 
^cifbUaUAA.     -    733 
Jraxinifblia  Lam.      743 
gldbra  MUhl.        -    741 
heteropk^lla  Hort.     733 
ladniUa  Mx.        -    739 
mucronita  Mx.    -    739 
myristia^rmisM..  741 
nigra  L.        -       .    734 
wcorddta  Miihlenb.  740 
oblAnga  Mill.         -    736 
olivaf/6rmiM  Mx.    •    736 
Hcan  Mahlenb.  -    736 
porcma  obcordAta     740 
Jldi/6rmi$  Mx.    -    741 
var.    -        -        -    740 
PUroeHrva  Mx.    -    743 
rdgiaZ.         -       -    732 
m&xima     -       -    733 
lacinUta    -       -    783 
ser6llna  De^f.    -    738 
tcnera        .       -    7S3 
r^tbra  Gnrtn.    -    736 
rigida  Lodd.         -    742 
Mouambta  Mx       -    739 
ffli/cdra  Willd.       .    739 
tomenAta  Mx.      -    738 
JilJube    -       -       •    167 
Juniper  ...  1080 
Juniperus  L.  -       -  1080 
aip'ma  Lod.  -       -  1086 
alpma  R«T   -       -  iwl 
minor  Ger.        -  1081 
barbad6nsis  L.     -  1089 
Bedfordidna  Hor/.   1089 
bermudiAna  If.      -  108« 
eanadintis  Lod.    .  1083 
coro/AMdiM  Du  R.    1084 
chin#nsis  L.         -  1069 
commknts  $  Fl.  Br.  1081 
commiknls  L.        -  1081 
canadensis         -  1082 
depr^ssa  Purtk    1082 
erietig  Pursh     -  1081 
fastigiiUa  DesM.  1081 
montiLna  Alt.     -  1081 
nina  WiUd.       -  1081 
obl6nga     -       -  1082 
p^ndula     .       -  10H8 
saraulis  Pall.    -  1081 
SmiMriArb.  Brit.  1089 
•uteica  Ait.       .  1081 
Tulgiris  Park.  -  1081 
dakriea  Hort.       -  1081 
dealbAU  Hot/.      -  1089 
drupAcea  LtUt.      •  1084 
excetsa  Wittd.       -  1061 
llicclda  ScA  j^«     >  1089 
flagellifSrmis  Ht.  -  1089 
gossainthinea  H.  -  1089 
bemlsphse'ricaPs/.  1089 
hup&nica  Mill.     -  1087 
Hudsoaidna /".  FF.  1089 
huda6nica  Lod.     -  1086 
Uuit&nica  MUl.     -  1086 
Ifeia  L.         .       -  1087 
macroc&rpa5.      -  1088 
miiar  BelUm.        -  1063 
m^or  Cam.  Eplt.    10K3 
americhnav..    -  1084 
monspeUinMium    1083 
minor  Fuchs         -  1081 
moM/dna  B.       -  1081 
nltna  Smith  .       -  1061 
nepal^nsis  Hort.  -  1084 
oblSnga  Hort.       -  1082 
Oxf  cedrus  L.       -  1063 
Ox^cedrus  rar.    -  1083 
phcenicea  L.         -  1087 
pkctnfceaBanh.    -  1088 
fil^ciaV  Dtth.   1087 


.  liMS 
rac^rra  Ham.       -  liS 
repruM  lint.  •        -  I9'€ 
Sabhia  DoA.>        .  1<M 
SabtuaMUL'       •  lutt 
Sablna  -        -        -  1Q« 
alptna         -       -  KMi 
cuprasaHSHia  JiSL  I0& 
fol.  varieg.  Mart.  lOB 
prostrasa    -        -  laS 
tainartecifbya^dL  19V 
Mr.  PiiJl.   -       -MM 
tibiriea  Hort.       -  IBtt 
squamita  Dem      -  UBI 
aywomdM  WalL    -  IQS 
ttrida  Hort.-       •  WA 
tardea  Mill..       -  lOil 
tetragdna  H.  A   ^  lim 
thurifera  L.         -  lOR 
QTlfoa  Do*  >  liNft 

Tirgiaiina  X..        .  Mi* 
h&mHIc  Lad.     .  MSI 
carolroiana        -  MBI 
miigaris  Ray.       .  1«1 
J^KdM  Banh.  t«4 
KtlmUX,.      .       .    H* 
angustifitf fa  £.     -   ao 
ct/Mte  Bartr.        -   fi» 
cuii«>jlta  ilfx.         -   6H 
glwdca^ilL    .        .98 
rosmarimfaiian.  Oi 
talrsQU  ITtttt.       .  Ol 
latJfbliaC.    .       .as 
polifbUa  Wanch.  -    S» 
Kamt^tn&mimBa^.  UA 
Kentish  Ck^rry      -    SB 
Kenimeky  C^^gte  TYt* 
Kennea  Oak  - 
K^rrU  Dec. .  . 
japdnica  D«c.        .    298 
fl6re  piteo  -    Si 

Kne«  Fine      -       .   9« 
Kolretitdria  Larm,     tM 
panicuUta  Lmsm.     IS 
auibwu^dn  L'  H.    U» 


/ 


Kra6nkia  Rafia.  .    W 

LabUces        .  .  CR 

Ifabdmuin      .  -   SI 

Laeatkca  Sal.  .     9 

iftfrkteSai.    .  .     n 

Larch     -        .  .  m 

Lirix  Taarm.  -  .MSI 

1*15 

-  i^m 

ptedttia     -       .  MSi 
prolifliva    - 
rlibra 

canad^tuis  Tova.  1^4 
CS^rfrw  MilL. 


MUi. 
europK'a  Dec 
ooiDintknis 
compficta 

dahdrlca  -  .  HA 
flbre  &)bo  >  .  HM 
fldre  rikbro  17.  T.  i«l 
Intennddia  .  198 
UxMLatn.  .  m 
ptedaU  X^sK.  .  HH 
•Iblrica  .MM 


nacnooar^  Ldiva..  MS 

on'mtdin  Touni.*  I4F 

p^mhtla  f^wa.     .  ]<SC 

GattsdUu  G.M.  -  ]«i 

r^fioaaLavs.    >  HB 

preitfera  Malcm. .  ¥» 

r^cncsa  I-ab. .        .  N64 

*nw|w!f»wew  Brry.  KK 

saMrfea  Flach.       •  I«i 

Lanrieae       •      .   «a 

LafiraslK  -    6K| 

L.  -       - 


GENERAL    INDEX 


115! 


tetiivdlit  Vtilid.    -  6>»5 

aiexandrine  Lab.  -  1100 

axiUiiris  Laid.      -  f>83 

B«ni6in  L.  -       -  680 

Borbdnia  Lin.       -  6S3 

carolliiensii  C^i/r*.  Gtil 

glibra  PuriA     -  GH3 

pubescens  Pursk  683 

obti^»a  i*i(r«A     -  68  i 

CatevbUna  Mx.    -  6K3 

tU'ntpffroklrs  Mx.  -  6H5 

Diosp^rus  Pers    -  68.5 

cn^rptx  Mill..       .  683 

geniculita  Mx.      -  68.5 

mrUstarfdiia  Walt.  685 

n6biliaZ..     -       -  681 

angtul(/dlia  Lod.  682 

critpa  Z.od(/.      -  682 

fibre  pldno         -  68S 

fdl.  var.  Lod.    -  683 

latiRilia  M^tf .     -  682 

■aliclfblla  Swi.  -  682 

unduliU  MiU.  -  682 

TariegiU  Swt.   -  682 
F$ekdo  Bfnxdm  Mx.  685 

Sissafras  1,.  -       -  68:) 

Lautet    .       -       -  295 

Laureoia  Gecn.      -  688 

Laurestiniu    -       -  SI6 

Larender        -       -  672 

lavender  Cotton    -  548 

L«air&odula  L.  -       -  672 

8plca     -       .       -  672 

Leather  Wood       -  692 

I*ddum  L.       '       -  602 

Aitfi/d//«iN  Berg.  -  602 

canadtose  Lodd.  -  603 
gremlandieum  Rets.  603 

latifdiium  Aft,      .  603 

palistre  Mx.  -       -  603 

paltistre  L.   -       -  603 

dectlmbens  Ait.  603 
Merjwllifdlium  L*H.  602 

#ri;r<i9Cttm  Clui.    -  603 

ikymifbUum  Lam.  602 

Leguminiicea!         -  194 

lieKuminbsae  -       •  1114 

Lelopb^llum  Pert.  602 

prottratum    -       -  602 

tbymlf 6lluni  Pert.  602 

J,eptotp6rrman  W.  466 

tcdbrttm  W.  ■       -  466 

L.euc6tb6e  D.  Dan  -  568 

acuminata  G.  I>on  669 

axtlUris  D.  Don  -  568 

longifdlia  -       -  569 

floribdnda  D.  Don  569 

spiditaG  Don      -  569 

•pinul5ia  G.  Don  -  569 

Leycestdrla  li'aU.  -  543 

form6«a  tVaU.       -  544 

X>ign%tm  Rumph.    -  933 

piapuitnmm  Ramph.  933 
UgQstnim  Tou.  628. 1116 

gerw&mcum  Baub.  628 

t/£/iCKin  Mill.        .  629 

Jap6nicuni  Tkunb.  631 

lanceolitum  Lamb.  630 

kUifbUum  Vidn.  631 
lilcidum  Ait.  -       .630 

llorlbtSnd.  DonaUL  630 

nepaUnse  Wall.    -  630 
nepal6nte      .       -  1116 

■picltum  Ham.     .  630 

gUbrum  Hook.  >  630 
vestitum  Wall.      -  1116 

▼ulgilre  TrMT.       -  628 

angustifdlTum    -  639 

cbK>roc&rpum    -  629 

leucoc^rpum      -  629 

semppfTlrenf     -  629 

varlegitum        -  629 

xanthocfirpum  •  629 

Lildceum  Renault  637 

rotkomagfnxe  Ren.  637 

iaiocMcnich.       -  637 


mJjMr  Mcench       -    &l 

pirsica  I^am.         -    637 

vuldhrii  Gicrtn.    -    636 

Liliacen-       -        -  1099 

LimOnia  IVaU.       -  1112 

I^urdola  WaU.     .1112 

Lime  Tree      >        .      63 

IJnden  Tr<e  -       .      63 

Ling        ...    559 

Litfuittambar  Lin.      936 

Liouidftmbar  L.     -    932 

AUlngia  Bi.  -       -    933 

drbt^r  Pluk.  -        -    932 

aspitrntfdlium  Lin.     936 

Imb^rbe  mUd.      -    933 

imbirbis  Sm.         .    933 

orientaii*  Mm.      .    933 

Saregrlnum  Lin.  >    936 
tpaclflua  L.       -    932 
Linodeudron  L.     -     36 
Tulipifera  L.        -     36 
imegrifblia  Hort.    36 
acutif  olia  Mx.   -     36 
lUra  Hort.         -      36 
obtusiloba  Mx.  >      36 
Live  Oak        -       -    886 
LobidiumYtai.       -    191 
aromAticum  Raf.  -    191 
Loblotly  Bay  .       -      73 
Locust  Tree    >       -    233 
Loiseiekria  De»f.    -    601 
procAmbenx  Desf.  >    601 
Lombardjr  Poplar  -    827 
Lonicdree      -    524.1116 
Lonicera  Df^/:  526.1116 
aipigena  Sievers   -    539 
alpigena  A.  -       -    539 
libfricaZ)^.      -    539 
aUdica  PalL  -       -    540 
balfdriea  Dec.      >    529 
brack^poda  Dec.  -    537 
capfillea  L.    -       >    540 
CitHUeaGWlA.       .    540 
eanadintis  R.  &  S.    536 
CaprifbUtan  Desf.     529 
Caprffdlium  L.     -    528 
ekininsis  Hort.     .    534 
ct7iatoDietr.         .    532 
ciliita  MUh.  .       .    536 
cilidf a  PofT.  -   632.  1116 
oonfilta  Dee.         >    533 
oonniia  Meerb.     -    632 
cauc&tica  Pall.      -    540 
DierviUa  L.  -       -    525 
dioica  Lin.  Sytt  >    530 
Dougliiii  D<v.      .    MO 
etrdtca  Santi        -    528 
etr1t$ca  Hort  F.  Aus.  528 
tikf^Sinu      '       -    529 
Jlexubsa  Lod.  B.  C.  5S4 
flexubta  Tkunb.    -    534 
gtabrdta  Roxb.     -    534 
Gd/<i/i  Spreng.       -    630 
grandiflhra  Lodd.      635 

grhUAit.  .  -  581 
UpidaPoiZ..  -  537 
hispldola  Dovg.  •  531 
Atr«M/a  Baton  -  629 
ib^rica  AVft. .  -  540 
ImpKxa  Ait.  -  -  529 
baleirica  Trv.  -  529 
inTolucrita  Banks  538 
Jap6nica  Thunb.  -  684 
Ledebodirii  Etck.  -  538 
longifblla  Hort.  -  535 
media  Murr  >  -  530 
mexicdna  Hort  -  539 
microph^lla  ^tl/J.  539 
raongolica  PaiL  -  521 
numidna  Hort.  -  639 
n^rA  Thunb.  -  537 
nigra  L.  -  >  535 
campaniflbra  -  536 
oblongif  blia  Hook.  539 
occidentaiifi  Hook.  532 
orientdlis  Lam.  -  540 
Paiiasii  Led.        -    640 


parriflbra  Lam.    -    680 
PericKmenum  L.      527 
belgicum    >       -    627 
quercif  6Uum  Ait.  628 
•er6tinuui  Aii.  -    1^28 
pil5$a  ^K.      -       -    533 
pab^sceni  8wt.     -    529 
punicca  Sims        -    536 
pyrenAica  L.         -    536 
pyrendica  PalL     •    540 
pjfrendica  Willd.  -    535 
•emperrlrens  Ait.      631 
Br6wnii  Gordon     532 
mdjor  /(lY.  .       -    632 
minor  Ait.  -       -    632 
sibirica  Hort         >    535 
sytnpkoricdrpos  L.     541 
tatarica  Mx.         -    536 
Ut&ricajL.     -       .635 
albiddra  Dee.     -    635 
latif  6lia  Lod.  Cat.  585 
latea  Lod.  Cat.  -    636 
rubriebra  Dee.  -    635 
vebiiina  Dec.        -    540 
m'nmM'diui  Marsh.     631 
vi^tfMuhl.         .    640 
XTl6ateiim  L.       -    637 
leucoc&rpum  Dec.  637 
melanocirpum  D.  ^ 
xanthocarpum  D.  537 
Loranthiceae  -       -    608 
Lorinthus  L.-       -    510 
europn^us  L.        -    511 
Z^ttfLob.     .       -    727 
drbor  Lob.    -       -    727 
arghUeus  Brot     -    825 
LdweaLAMtf.-       -    852 
berberifulla  Lmtf/.    352 
Lucombe  Oak.       >    859 
Lf  cium  L.      »       -    665 
itrum  L.       -       •    668 
rigidum         -       -    668 
barbarum  Lam.  D.  667 
barbarum  Lour.  C.  666 
b&rbarum  /..  >       -    666 
9ulgdreA.)t.       -    666 
ckinSnse  A.        -    666 
fi  Doc.  Fl.  Fr.   .    668 
boerkaaviitfblium     669 
buxifbtium  Baub.      173 
chininse  M.  -       -    666 
cAmM««  N.  Da  H.    667 
europa'um  I..      -    665 
europn'um  /3  Drc.     668 
kalimifdUum  MiU.    666 
kaitmt/blium  Mill.    668 
keieropkfUum  Murr.  669 
lauceoUtum  -       -    668 
oboTitum      -       -    668 
OT^tum  ...    668 
wdtum  N.  Du  H.     666 
rigidum  Booth     -    668 
ruthSnlcum  -       -667 
c&spicum  PalV.      -    667 
salicifblium  Mill.  D.  665 
spatuldtum    -       -    668 
Utiricum  PaU.     -    667 
Trc'wldnnm  .       -667 
turbinitum   -       >    668 
Lydnia  Nutt.  -       -    564 
arbdrea  D.  Don    -    566 
capre»r511a  fVais.     668 
ferruglnea  Nutt.  .    565 
frondosa  A'««.      -    667 
marglnita  Dois     >    565 
rObra  Ludd.       .    666 
maridna  D  Don    -    566 
obl6ngn  Sict      -    566 
multiflbra  IVaU.  -    667 
panicuUta  Nutt    -    667 
racembsa  D.  Don  >    566 
rigida  Nutt.  .       .666 
salicllblia  Wats.    -    567 
Maeartney  Bose    •    323 
MaciaraA«/l        -    711 
aurantlaca  JVttfl.  -    711 
Macrotkjjnus  Spach  184 


Pirfii 
discolor  Spach       >    184 
Madeira  Hotly       -    161 
MagnolliUme  -     21.1111 
MagndliaL.   -     21.  Ill  1 
acuminata  L.        -29 
Cand611i  Sari     -      2P 
Utir61U      .       .      :'0 
m&xlma  Z.Mf(f.  •      21) 
itriita         -       .      29 
auriculdris  Salisb.      31 
auricuUta  Lean.    >     31 
pyramidita        .     31 
conspicua  Salisb.  .      33 
Soulangedna      -      3:f 
Alexandrlna    -    33 
specI6u  .       .     33 
corditA  Mx.  -        .      30 
'discolor  Vent.        .     35 
denuddta  Lam.     -      35 
Jrondbta  Salisb.    -      27 
Frdxm  Walt.       -      81 
gladca  L.       .       .      25 
BurchellUna     -      26 
Card6nii    -       .      26 
Gordoniina       -      k6 
longif  Mia  Pursh      26 
semper?lrens  HtrrL  »> 
Thomp8oniina7'Ap.  25 
grandlflbra  L.       .      22 
angustif  61ia  Hort.    23 
elUptlca  ill/.       .      23 
exoni^nsls  Hort.      23 
exoni^nsis  var.  -     28 
ferrunnea  Hort.      23 
floribunda .       .      33 
fMiis-varlegatli       23 
Hirwicus^ort    1111 
lanoeolita  Ait.  -      83 
latifMia     .       -      83 
longifdlia  unduUU  23 
magord^ntis      -      83 
obordta  Ait.       •      23 
prse'cox  Andru  -      23 
rotundlf  Mia  Swt.     83 
rubiginjysa .       -     33 
striata  Hort.      -      23 
trip^tala  L.        -      87 
umbrilla  Lam.  .      27 
▼dra  ...      33 
Kblms  Dec.  .       .     86 
macroph^Ua  Mx.  -     38 
Aff'cAa^t  Hort    .      28 
obovdta  Thunb.    .      35 
pricia  Correa       .     83 
purpurea  Sims      -     35 
denndilta  Lam.       35 
discolor  Vent.    >      35 

fr&cilis  .  .  35 
fbrida  Abr«.  .1111 
Ulifl6ra  Lam.  -  35 
pyramiddta  Bartr.  31 
SotUangedna  An.^yi.  33 
tomentSsa  Than.  -  36 
Yklan  Desf.  .     83 

Mahbnia  A'lctf .  60.1111 
aomthifMia  -  .  58 
angustif 61ia  -  -  1118  - 
Aquifdlium  Nutt.  61 
nutUboa  Dee.  -  61 
caragan«f61ia  •  68 
fasciculilris  Dec.  •  50 
glumdoea  Dec.     >     58 

Bidlis         .       .  nil 
artwdgli     .       .1113 
lanceoUtnm  >       «  1113 
nepalfosis     .       .     63 
nenrbsa  Nutt.       .     53 
p&llida  ...  nil 
rdoens  G.  Don      .     63 
Tasciculdris        .      53 
tenuifblla      >       .     63 
tragacantboldes    .     58 
trifolilU    .       .      nil 
Malachodtadrou  C.       71 
ovitum  Cav.         -     71 
MMus'MetsX  •    436 

ac^6a  Merat        -    486 


1152 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


astraeanioa  Dam.     31 
bAcdUaDetf.       •    427 
eommitnis  Dee.     >    496 
ammdria  MIU.     .    439 
df'ofcaManch         -    437 
kfbHdaDmr.        -    436 
microcdrpa  Rat.   -    414 
^rvf^dMiHort.Soc.  414 
Memvervirens  Detf.    430 
tmensfs  Dum.      -    4S1 
tpeeidbtlis  Alt.      .    431 
lomenidsaDum.    -    449 
SlalrAcec       .       .     63 
Manaa  Ash     -       -    657 
Maple     ...      79 
MtuiicTree    -       -    186 
Mag       ...    876 
jravfmMf  Dec.       -    ISA 
dliW«rr«Dec.        -    1A5 
Medlar   .       .       .414 
Memtcjflam  Mx.    -    MO 
Menifpertnicea     >     89 
Menisp^rmuna  L.  -     89 
eanadtme  a  Lam.       40 
camadin$e  fi  Lam.      40 
canadfoae  L.        -     40 
lobitum  J>ee.     .     40 
•miiictnum        -     40 
eanMnttm  L.        >     46 
dii&iicam  Dec.      -     40 
«m/l(icmMtn  Dec.  -     40 
Hrgtmicum  L.        >      40 
MeDiidsia  Sm.        .    600 
try&nika  Swa.      .    S71 
ecHUlM  Swi.        .    071 
Daba'eiaDaa.     -    573 
empetrifSrmii  Ph.     573 
tmpetr^trmu  Sm.    571 
ferroginea  5jn.      .    601 
glohulAris  SalUb,  -    601 
IM^ro  Pert.  -       -    601 
poiifbUaJvM.       -    ^73 
SmUJkiiUx.  -    601 

vrceo/aH^Sal.      -    601 
Mrr^MoNeet         -    455 
frigrang  Mees       .    455 
Merries  -       -       -    i77 
MespiluiL.    .       .    414 
acerifblia  Poir.     -    367 
acuminata  Lodd.  -    409 
«W/va/MWalC.      -    858 
qffhiisXy.Dosk      -    406 
Ameidnckier  L.    .    413 
ilmelaiidbi^  W.  -    413 
arhbrea  Mx.         -    413 
or  butt  f Mia  Schm.     446 
J  V/a  Soop.  .    433 

^rdn/a  Willd.       .    370 
ttueupdria  All.      .    439 
asiUaris  VvT*,      .    383 
ilMid/wf  All.         .    368 
bengaiiruit  Roxb.     405 
ealpodindnm  Bhrh.  856 
canadhaii  L.  Sp.      413 
ear.    -        -        .413 
ovdliiVLx.         .    413 
rotttndi/bUaVx.   413 
eopiita/a  Lodd.     -    447 
CMtf^iM  Dum.      •    873 
Cktttit^em4nilush.&.  449 
coccffiM  Mill.       .    353 
coHMkmltnopolitdna  354 
eorddia  Mill.        .    867 
CDnw/dtoi  Poir.    .   356 
Cotonedtler  L.      >    406 
CHU.|ri//t  Poir.    -    358 
cww^d&Vi  Bhrh.  .    854 
ametfdlia  Morach     358 
CWUffHort.  .       -409 
erioeSrpa  Dec.     -    406 
JUfHbinda  Lodd.  -    447 
germinica  L.        .415 
dUmaa/>M.       .    416 
ttricta  Dee.       -    416 
lyivettris  AfAI.  .    416 
truadifibra  Sm.    .    416 


j|y«ma/rf  Walt.  •  sS 
tffftrWrrBiiiaHam.  33.408 
lat^ia  Lam.  .  3iK 
linearis  Detf.  -  360 
A)6a/a  Poir.  .  -  365 
/oMtoPolr.  .  -  416 
ikcida  Dun.  -    859 

Iftcf^Ehrh.         -    856 
melamocdrpa  Fitch.  4(i6 
IfrcAaAni  Pen.    -    864 
adnaDum.  -       .860 
id^aWlUd.         .    363 
orientdUs  Toum. .    371 
Oxpacantka  Gvrtn.  375 
Otpacdntba  HUegrif.  879 
parvifbtia  Watt.  -    883 
Pkitiwpyrmml^  >    867 
pimn^aOum.      -    372 
prtmtfblia  Poir.   .    361 
vMeMLodd.        .    447 
liftmtfa  Lodd.        -    446 
punctata  IX.         .355 
P^aedntkah.     -    385 
pprifbUa  Lk.        -    356 
roTuntf^rdtfa  Bhrh.    354 
SmithUi>«e.         -    416 
tarbtfbUa  Bote     -    444 
tucctUintaB.       .    354 
tamaeet^bita  Poir.    373 
timctbria  D.Don  .    405 
tofnentbta  Poir.    .    383 
AMwnidM  Willd.  .    406 
satUboedrpos  L.&l   383 
MetereoQ       -       -    687 
Mexican  Oakt        .    898 
Mexican  Pinet  991. 1000 
Milk  Vetch     .       -    346 
Maier*i  Grape       .    187 
tiinoreaHoUp       -    160 
iitteoatri  SUver  Tree  697 
SilrerLeaf-       -    700 
MitUetoe     -       .508 
Mocker  Nut   -       -    788 
Mock  Orange-       -    460 
Monochlam^dea    •    675 
Mooncced       -       -     39 
Morrtola        -       -  1117 
odoriULMtf.      -1117 
Mdrut  Tomm,        .    706 
ilbaL.         .       -    707 
columb&siaL.  •    706 
It&llcaAbrf.       •    70B 
hUi/biiaUon,  .    707 
macroph^lla      -    707 
membranicea  L.    708 
Morettiina /fori.   707 
multira<ilis  Per,    707 
ndna  Hort.        -    708 
nervdta  Lodd.   •    707 
ovalifbiia  -       -    707 
pamlla  ATot^f  ?    .    708 
romina  Lodd.    -    707 
r&tea  i/or/.        -    708 
tin^nsis  Horl.    -    708 
A«i/<(i/tf  Balbit       -    707 
Candida  Dod.        .    707 
ennadhuis  Poir.  .    710 
ckininsis  Lodd.    .    708 
kitpaniea  Hort    -    707 
iUUiea  hodd,        -    708 
nervbia  Bon  Jard.    707 
nigra  Po^r.    .       -706 
UdnliUM/AL    -    706 
papprifera    -       -    710 
pemupMtniea  Nolt.  709 
rdbra  L.       -       •    709 
icAbra        -       -    710 
cirdAra  Willd         -    710 
5r6aKjempf.        .    710 
einfmie  Hort.       .    708 
eubdiba  n^rvdia  H.   707 
tatHrica  Potf.        -    709 
tatdHeaDe»r.       .    707 
ei^fudiPluk.      .    709 
Moes  Rose  >    334 

Mountain  Ash        •    439 


Mulbenr  Tree       -    705 
MutislaCffv.  .    551 

arachnoldea  MarU  553 
ilicin^lia  -  .568 
infl^xa  .       •    5SS 

latifdlia  D.  Z>oii    -    553 
Unearlfblla    .       -    553 
ruDcln&ta      -       .    552 
tubtpindta    .        -    553 
MjrginUa  Jacq.       .    156 
mjTtlfbW^  NuU.    .    156 
Myriciccc      .       .934 
HyrlcaZ,.       .       -    934 
cerlfera  L.    -       •    985 
angustifbUa  Alt.     9S5 
latlf^liaAit       -    935 
media  Michx.    .    985 
temperrlrent  R.    935 
carotinMsis  Willd.    93.^ 
GaleX  ...    934 
tpathuliU  Mirb.  -    936 
trtJbUdta  Hort.     -    191 
Myricirla  Dete.      -    4SQ 
germinica  J^rfv.  -    459 
dahiirica  Dec.    -    459 

g"  robtUan  Plum   .    374 
rile  (/ Australia    910 
r<wCatetb.      -    935 
5ra&aM//ca  Cacetb.    935 
brabantica  Ger.     -    934 
frra/*aauica  Pluk   -    934 
A'a/rix  Moench        .    339 
rotundtfbtiaMaeacb  339 
nectarine  Tr^      -    367 
Negdndo  AfivNC*   -    132 
actroUes  Hoench  >    122 
amt-ricdnum  Rafin.    132 
anguldium  Mcsoch     40 
califfirnicum  T.kG.    133 
firaxinlfdUum  Kutt.   138 
crispum  G.  Don     183 
violaceum  Booth     128 
Neroopfinthet4frr^    154 
canart^ntli  Dec.    -    155 
fasdculdrit  Rafin.     155 
Nepaul  Oakt  -       .891 
NetUeTree    -       .787 
yicker  TrU    .       .255 
NighUhade     .       .663 
Ninio6aSut.-       .    598 
con/iua  S«t.         .    588 
Japdnica  Swt.        >    531 
AM^l/fdra  Swt.      -    534 
NitrHriacec    •        .    468 
Nitriria/..     .       .468 
CMpfcaPall.  -    468 

Sch6ber1  L.  -       .468 
dbpica       -       .468 
•iblrica  PoO.     -    468 
tridmtiUDe^.    -    468 
Noisette  Rote         .    342 
yorteay  Maple      -     83 
Norway  Spruce      -  1026 
NutUllia        .       -  HIS 
cftratifttrmit  7br.  -  1115 
N^ttaL.         •       -    688 
anguTnans  Mich. .    694 
angulbsa  Poir.      .    694 
aqudtiea  Lin.       .    698 
bifldra  Mich*.       .    693 
cindlcans  M*.      -   694 
capittita  Walt.      >    694 
caroUnidna  L. 
cocdnea  Bart. 
denUculdta  Mt.    -    694 
grandidentita       -    694 
integnjblia  Ait.    .    698 
fMon/^M  Hort.     -    694 
wmltiflbra  Wang. .    694 
ped6neuUs  unmbris  6B8 
pediineutis  nnltiflb.  694 
eylvitica  Mich.     . 
tamenldsa  Mich.    . 
uniiUbra  Wang.    > 
TiUdtaJ/x.    -       . 
Oak        ...    846 


<Kn6pltaSehtaL 

.  m 

•oliMfrachiilt. 

-    IN 

OldMaa 

-  m 

Oleieae.      . 

.im 

Oleace* 

-   6S 

Olelne* .       . 

-   Ol 

Olea      .       . 

americteaL. 

.     Q5 

Oleatter 

-   Of 

On6nit  L.      . 

.    2P 

fraticftnL.  - 

-   »t 

microphfllaDBe:   28 

latifbiia  Am. 

.   B9 

rotundif&Ua  £. 

-  2B 

trfbraccei^a  Dtoc 

.   39 

(ypuime  AA,    . 

.  an 

amtricdma  A\t^ 

.   SM 

gtamduaom  Man. 
Oracbe    -       . 

-   Cf 

Orekidocarp^m  Mx.   S 

ariethmm  Mx. 

•   m 

Ore&pMa'H^XL. 

.    IX 

mpmrmmKua. 

.  m 

(ymuaPer*.  - 

-   Ol 

O'nMuTrW. 

-  55 

europee'^  P*r». 

.   Ol 

flortbdnda  G.  D. 

.   «8 

roCutKllAlia  . 

.  «tt 

etrlita  . 

.  6a 

OaageOraiwe 

.   711 

Osier       - 

-   732 

O'strpa  Baoh.  .  917. » 

O'slrya  Wiibi. 

-  M 

carntm^iUm  SeOf 

\  5 

firgteica  IF. 

I  9» 

Tul^is  WMd. 
(HfrUL. 

.   9M 

ilba  L.  -       . 

.  IV 

ijtia  Dod.     . 

.14V 

.i«r 

pk^mieeaDoi. 
Oxyv6ce%»  Perr. 

-MS 

kispiduiug  run. 

.  M 

eurcp^^Vmit. 

.  at 

macroeirpat  i^r.    fit 

erittxuPmTwk 

.  67 

f&liis  Tsrictilk 

.  €17 

pahSttrit  Pen, 

.  m 

vm^dris  Purah 

PddkMtam.  . 

.  CK 

carobimiimm  UBL 

.   91 

raoembmlian. 

-  9 

PKoat5cc« 

.     » 

PadniaL.       . 

.     II 

arbdreaJhm 

.     11 

Modcan&Me 

.     M 

Binkfii^.  ff. 

.      19 

papaTcrioeaJLJt  M 

eugfutuAom  B.  R. 

.    H 

FtSiknit  L.     . 

aculeatua  Lorn. 

austrdUs  Cmrtsk. 

pttasmM  Uvm.  C 

Tirgicua  Dem 

uulndwis  D.  D«m  . 

PolfamaUtt..       . 

cdepioa  Lin.. 

PtiTvedcemsPaSL' 

VaXm  Wflkw  .       . 

Paper  MulbeRy    . 

Park  Leatet  .      . 

Paseerma  Stkrad  - 

TSrtom-rairaStkL 

T^tarMffCtfr'a  Dec  • 

wlSkaUn.    .      • 

Pau16wtiU  sm. 

CI 

tmperiiUt&M.    . 
PiT^BbertL^      . 

CI 

m 

oiftaPMr.     .       - 

m 

califSniiea  T.dGr 

.  184 

dlteolorSM. 

IS 

edViaPobL    .      - 

188 

fliva  Dec     -      • 

188 

MaMSvCDw   - 

!• 

GENERAL    INDEX. 


1153 


Pa** 

tktea  Voir.    -       -  130 

Lydiiii  H.  S.  Gar.  134 

macrocirpa  Hort.  132 

macrofttichya  Lois.  133 

neglecta  G.  Don  -  131 

neglScta  Lindl.      -  131 

parvijibra  Hort.    -  129 

rQbra  Lam.  -        -  128 

argilu  G.  Don  •  11^9 

hdmilis      -       -  129 

iVLblsxciniiU  IVats.  1S9 

Pearl  Tree     -       -  26.5 

Pear       -        -        -  417 

Pecane  Nut    -        -736 

Perado    -        -        -  161 

Perici^menum  MWl.  531 

anuricdnum  Mill.  631 

genndnicum  Mill.  627 

{ermdnicum  Riv.  -  5'27 

or  tense  Getn.       -  527 

perjoliatum  Ger.  -  628 

sempervtrens  Mill.  631 

vtrainiacum  Riv.  -  5.12 

Periploca  L.  -        -  6.'>9 

augustifulia  Lab.  -  6.59 

gra-Va  L.      -        -  659 

Urvigdta  Vahl       -  669 

tnaculdta  Moench  659 

rigtda  Viv.    -        -  659 

Periwinkle      -        -  667 

Pemettya  Gau.  678.  1116 

antjustifdiia  Lindl.  1116 

Cuinmlngil  Lod.   -  579 

rnicrophylla  Gaud.  679 

mucrouata  Gaud.  -  678 

Cummlngii        -  679 

phillifreeefolia  Hor.  1116 

pil^^i  G.  Don       -  679 

pilmila  Gaud.       -  679 

P6rsen  Spreng.       -  683 

Borbdnia  Spreng.  683 

Sdnsqfras  Spreng.  683 

Persian  Lilac  -        -  637 

Persica  Toum.       -  265 

\mv\»Dfc.    -        -  267 

Tulgdri*  Mill.       -  266 

friba  Lirtdl.         -  26<i 

compreiisa  Hort.  2G6 

fl.  pldno  Hort.   -  266 

f61.  variegatis  H.  266 

Per»imon        -       -  62(J 

Pervinca  Scop.       -  6.'>7 

minor  Scop.  -        -  657 

tmlgdris  Park.      -  657 

Pcttf/  Whin    -        -  207 

Phdgus  Dftlech.      -  853 

h'sculus  Dalech.  -  853 

Phalcrociirpus  G.D.  681 

serpyllifuliu*  G.  D.  681 

Phaseolee       -        -  244 
Phasi'olofdes  H.  Angl.  249 

Ph^Uodrys  Mat.      -  880 

Philadclphdcea;  460.  1116 
Philaacl|>liusZ,.4G0.1115 

ooronarius  L.        •  460 

fl.  pl^no  L.  C.   -  461 

nanus  Mill.  Diet.  461 

Tariegatus  L.  C.  461 

Tulgiiris  ScA.     .  461 

cortfnibbsut  ViaW.  4G6 

floribundus  Schr.  -  463 

Gordoiiianuf  Lindl.  4G3 

grdciiis  L.  C.         -  464 

grandifl6ruf  -        -  464 

grand'Jidrus  -        -  463 

graiuiijiurtis  Lindl.  462 

grandijibrvs  tdxus  463 

hirsatus  iVuii.       -  4(i4 

hiimilis  Hort        -  464 

inod6nu  L.  -        -  461 

inoddrus  Hort      -  464 

latifblius  5cA.        -  462 

idxtis  L.  C.  •        -  464 

IdxuM  of  some        -  461 

laxus  Schrad.        •  464 

mexic^nus  Schr.   -  466 

raexicinui  BetUA.  1 1 15 


Puff* 

nepalfntis  L.  C.    •  465 

pubescens  Cels.     -  462 

pubtscens  L.  C.    -  464 

ipecibaus  Schrad.  -  463 

stamiuem  W.        -  466 

toinent5su«  ffiaA.  465 

triftbrut  Rovle      -  465 

Terrucdius  ScAr.  -  462 

vitlbsus  L.  C.        -  404 

Ze^heri  Sehr.        •  461 

Pliifijrrea  r.    -        -  631 

aug'jstirblia  L.      -  632 

brachiuta  Ait.    -  63'i 

lanceoUta  A*L   -  632 

rosroarinifblia  Ait.  632 

ilictfdlia  Willd.      -  633 

foliucea  Lk.  -       -  633 

/<r  w«  Ten.   -        -  632 

latil^liaL.    -        -  633 

latifblta  Mill.  Diet.  633 

Ugustrifblia  VoW.  632 

media  Lapeyr.  -  632 

serrdta  Poll.      -  633 

serrdta  Ten.     -  633 

spindta  Seg.      -  633 

Mvindsa  W.         .633 

imgifolia  Lk.    -  633 

ligustritt^lia  /If/.    -  632 

iigustrifblia  MiU.  D  632 

m^dUL.       -        -  632 

buxifblia  Ait.     -  632 


Tirgita^. 
media  TeflfFl. 

-  632 

-  632 

obltqua  Ten. 

-    632 

olezpfdlia  ylt/. 

-    633 

pcndula  Ait. 

-     632 

raccmbsa  Lk. 

-    633 

apinosa  Ten. 

.    633 

riVfa/a  Willd. 
PhlSmis  i.     - 

.    632 

-    372 

frutlctisaL.  - 

-    672 

Photinia  LiffdL 

-    403 

arbutifblia  LtiuU.  -    404 

dabia  Lindi.         -    4(i5 

integrifblia  Lindl.     405 

terrulAta  Lindl.    -    404 

Phyll6docc  Sal.      -    570 

empetrifdnnis  D.  D.  671 

taxifdlia  So/.         .    571 

Physi<tnthu4  Mart.     659 

Albens  Mart.         •    659 

Piceu  D.  Don         -  1036 

amubilif        -        .  1046 

balsam  ea       -        -  1044 

longifblla  JSooM    1044 

bracteita       -       -  1048 

cephal6nica  -        -  1039 

Fraseri  >        -  1044 

griindis  -        -  1046 

hirtella  -        •  1050 

akvhthti  Hort.      -  1063 

n6bili6  ...  1047 

Nordmanni^na     .  1042 

obovdta  Led.         -  1029 

orientaiis  Link     -  1029 

pectin&ta       .        .1037 

cinOrea       -        .  1037 

fbliis  rarlcgatii .  1C37 

tortudsa  .&H)f  A  .  1037 

PichU  -        -        .  1043 

Pindrow        .        .  1052 

Pinsipo        .        -  1041 

religi5»a        -       .  1049 

wlgdrii        .        .  1026 

Webbiina     .        .  1051 

Plerig  D.  Don        -    570 

ovalilbiia  D.  Don      670 

Pig  Nut  -        .        .740 

Pinaster  Rox.        -    961 

hispdnica  Rox.     -    961 

Pinaster  .       .961 

Pine        .        .        .    9'^ 

PlnuiL.         -        .950 

A'bies  Du  Roi       -  1037 

A^bies  Lin.    -        -  1026 

balsdmea  Marsh.  1044 

I    acapulccnsif  Lod.    1014 

4 


Pm* 
adHnca  Bosc  -  989 
adHnca  Bosc  .  994 
alba  Ait.  .  -  1030 
amAbiUs  Doug.  -  1016 
americdna  Du  Roi  1U35 
americdna  patHslris  987 
riidra  Wangh.  <  1032 
apulceusis  Lindl.  .1014 
Araucdria  Mol.  >  1062 
australis  Me.  -  <J87 
austrlaca  Hiiss  -  958 
austriaca  Hdss  -  958 
Ayacahulte  Ehr.  .  1023 
baUdmea  Lin.  .  1044 
Banksidna  L.  -  969 
bractedta  Don  -  1048 
Brummidna  Wall.  1036 
brtittla  Tt-n.  -  .968 
califomidna  L.  -  989 
canadfnsis  Du  Roi  1030 
canadensis  Lin.  .  1035 
quinqw^fbUa  Duh.  1018 
canaricnsis  Lin.  -  994 
caramdnica  Bosc.  957 
caramani^nsisB.J.  957 
CaTendishiina  .  999 
Cednu  Lin.  -  -  ia57 
Cimbra  Lod.  -  1016 
Cembra  L.  -  .  1016 
hel?§tica  Zocf.  -  1016 
pkmilaVAU..  -  1016 
pygmae^a  -  -  1016 
sibirica  .  -  1016 
cembrotdes  Zucc.  >  993 
congiomirdta  GrcflT.  968 
cont6rta  Doug.  -  975 
Coulteri  D.  -  .985 
decidua  Wall  .  1036 
Deoddra  Lam.  -  1059 
Devonidna  Xfndl .  1001 
DicksdnU  .  -  1022 
domistica  Matth.  .  966 
Dottf/a«MSal.  .  1033 
dumosa  Lamb.  .  1036 
echindta  Mill.  -  974 
Escarina  Risso  .  961 
exciUa  Lam.  -  1026 
excel sa  W.  -  .1022 
filifdlia  XiiMf/.  .  1008 
Friiseri  L.  -  -  979 
Frdseri 'Pwr^h  -  1044 
genuhuis  Cook  -  968 
Gerardiana  W.     -    998 

frdndts  Doug.  .  1045 
alep^nsis  Ait.  -  967 
genuensis  -  .  968 
mc^or  Ann.  d*Uor.  961 
maritima  -  -  968 
minor  -  .  967 
Hartwdgii  Lindl.  -  1000 
hierosolymitdna  >  967 
hirti'Ua  Humb.  .  1050 
hispdnica  Cook.  -  961 
horizonidiis  Don  -  952 
hudsdnica  Lam.  -  9<39 
hitmilis  Toum.  -  955 
Inopt  Ait.  .  .  970 
insignis  Do«^.  .  988 
intermedia  Du  Roi  1056 
intermedia  Lod.  .  1055 
Keset/a  Royle  -  999 
Khatrow  Royle  -  1032 
Lambertiina  i;oii;.1019 
lanceotdla  Lamb.  -  1066 
lar'tcina  Du  Roi  .  1056 
LaricioPoir  -    956 

Ldrix  Lin.    -       -  1053 
austriaca   >        -    968 
cal^brica    -        -    967 
coram  in  ica        -    957 
corsicana   -        -    957 
nigra  Marsh.     -  1056 
sibirica  L.  C     -  \(M 
subviridis  X.  Duh.  957 
Idxa  Ehrh.    .        -  1030 
leioph^lla  ScA4f.    .  1011 
Z/nnofuina  Beo.  >    963 


LlaTeina  Sch.       •    ^ 

longif^lia  Roxb.    >    096 

macrocdrpa  Lindl     986 

macro|jhylia  i^.     -  1006 

maridna  Ehr.       .  1031 

maritima  N.  Duh.    961 

marttima  I^nib.  >    968 

maritima  Pall.      >    969 

altera  Du  Ham.     961 

minor  N.  D.  H.      963 

ttrima  Mat.         .    967 

Massonidna  Lamb.    961 

Memiisii  Lamb.  -  1034 

microcdrpa  Pursh    1056 

OT*crocdr;>a  Willd.    1066 

mltis  Michx.  -    974 

montdna  Baum.    -    966 

montrreuSnsis  God.  989 

Montezumc  L.     -  1004 

monticula      -        .  1021 

A/jfgA«>  Jacq..        -    955 

murlcaU  D.  Don  -    989 

Nedsa  Govan         .    998 

nepatinsis  Pin.Wob.  999 

nigra  Ait      .        -  1031 

uQricans  Hort     -    9>^8 

nigriscens  Hort.    -    958 

ndbUis  Doug.        ■  1047 

Nordmannidna  St.  1042 

occidentAlis  S.       .  1016 

occidentdlis  Kunth  1004 

odcarpa  Schd.        -  1012 

orientdlis  Liu.       .  1029 

Pallasiina  L.        .    959 

/>a/<i*/m  Willd.     .    987 

excilsa  Booth     .    !^88 

piitula  S.Ssii-       -    992 

f  dliis  strictis  Buth.  993 

phtdula  Ait.  -        -1056 

penicillus  Lap.      -    961 

Picea  Du  Hoi        -  1026 

Picea  Lin.     -        -  1037 

ciurrea  B.  C.      .  1037 

P/chta  Lodd.         -  1043 

Pinaster  Ait.         -    961 

Aberddnis  G.  M.  963 

Escarcttus  Arb.  B.  963 

f  61iis  variegatis  -    963 

frdgilis  N.  Du  H.  966 

Lemonidnun      >    963 

maritimus  .       .    963 

minor         -       .    963 

Pindrow  Royle     .  1062 

Plnea  L.        -        -965 

cretica  Hort.      .    965 

ponderbsa  Doug.  .    981 

PseAdo-Strbbus    .  1008 

pumilio  Ham.        .    965 

Fischer!  Booth  -    965 

M^phus      -        -    956 

nana  Matt.      -    956 

rubrasf  blia  -         •    955 

pdngens  Michx.    -    971 

pyrcnaica  L.  -       -    961 

radiata  Don  -        .    990 

religidsa  Humb.    >  1049 

resinusa  Ait.  -        -    972 

rIgidaA////.  .        -    977 

romdna  H.  S.  Gard.  957 

rUbra  Mill.    .        -    961 

rUbra  Mill.    .        -    962 

riibra  Michx.        -    972 

rkbra  Lamb.         -  1032 

'rup^stris  Mx.        -    9G9 

Russelliana  L.       -  10C8 

Sabiniana  Doug.  -    <'82 

Sabinidna  var.  Hrt.  985 

sativa    ...    966 

sativa  Amm.  -  1016 

sattva  Bauh.  -        -    965 

scariosit  Lodd.       .    953 

ser6tina  Mx.         -    979 

serdlma  Hort.       -    987 

sibirica  Hort.        .  1043 

sinensis  Lamb.     -    999 

SmitJiiuna  Wall.    -  1092 

spectdbilis  Lain.   -  1051 


1154 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


-  as 


iouanbta  Bosc 

Str6bui  L.  -  -  1018 
&lb«  Hort.  -  -  1018 
brerifdlia  tfor/.  1018 
compr6ssa  Booth  1018 
ndva  Lodd.         -  1018 

sylTectris  L.  -        -    951 

ti/lvf stria,  ^e  Bauh.  1016 


altiica  /.rc/rA. 
Cembro  Cam.     - 
divaricdta  Ait.  - 
genevtesis 
nagupn6nilg 
horixontilis 
hUtnilis  y  Neal  - 
Intemiddia 
fnaritmut  Alt    - 
monopnf  lla  //od'g. 
nion/^ita  Sang  - 
monthna  y  Ait.  - 
Mhfho  Matt.      - 
riRcnsls 


9W 

101  r, 

969 

953 

9AS 

952 

955 

953 

955 

95.1 

952 

955 

955 

953 

953 

954 

952 

952 

961 

976 


scaridsa 
tortii6sa  - 
uncinita  - 
Tulgiris  • 
tardea  Thore 
T«  da  L.      - 

aiopecvroidea  Alt  979 
tatarica  Ham.  Nurt.959 
taxtfblia  Lamb.  -  1033 
Teoc5te  S.  ^  D.  -  991 
timoricnsif  -  -  1000 
tuberruiita  Dan  -  990 
turbindta  Bote  -  975 
variahilis  I.<amb.  -  980 
variabilis  Pursh  -  974 
venvsta  Doug.  -  1048 
virgittidjia  Du  Roi  970 
rirginidna  Pluk.  -  1018 
Webbiiina  Wall.  -  1051 
PiptrQer.  -  -  673 
agr^stit  Ger.  -  673 
Pipt^nthus  Swt.  -  198 
nepalonais  Swt.  -  199 
PisLicia  L.  -  -  184 
atlantica  Dctf.  -  186 
ckia  Desf.  -  .186 
Lentiscus  L.  -    186 

angustif  dlia  7>rc.  186 
chla  .V.  Du  Ham.  186 
massilihtsis  Mill.  D.  186 
qffScfndrum  H.  K.  185 
retictUdta  Wllld.  -  185 
Terebinth u«  L.  -  185 
spha>roc2rna  Dee.  185 
vtra  Mill.  Diet.  -  185 
vdra  L.  -        -    185 

narbontniU  B.  M.  185 
trifblia  Lm.  Spec.  185 
Pistachio  Nut         -     184 
Pliinera  GmeL        -    723 
aqn&tica  Willd.    -    726 
carpintfdlia  Wats.    726 
rrendta  Desf.        -    726 
crcniUa  Mx.  -        -    726 
Gmdiini  Mj.         -    726 
Kichfirdi  Mx.         -    726 
tUmifblia  Mx.       -    726 
Plane  Tree     -       -    927 
Platandcea     -        -    927 
PliUntu  L.     -        -    927 
acerifblia  Willd.  -    928 
cuncita  Willd.       -    929 
hispaitica  Lodd.    -    92k 
intertnidia  Hort.  -    928 
mncrophClla  Cree      P2s 
occidentalis  L.       -    'tSI 
hcterophfllaf/^rMllR 
A'cerisfblio  Tou.  r2H 
undulita  Alt.     -    9*29 
orientalis  L.  -        -    927 
accrif61ia  Ait.     -    9?8 
cunedta      -        -    929 
hisp^nica   .        .    92<) 
VI  r«i  Park  -        -     P2*< 
Ploughm.  Spikenard  5-lG 


Pan 
Plum      ...    370 
PodocSrpus  Swt    .    942 
macroph^llus  Swt.    94S 
Poet's  Cassia  .       .695 
Poison  Wood  -        .189 
Polifb/in  Buxbaum     560 
Polygonikeae  .   678.  1117 
Polygonum     -       -  1117 
eaucdsicum  Hoffln.    678 
erttpum  par.  «  Sims  678 
frutSscens  Willd.  -    678 
lamiifblium  Bauh.    937 
marhtum  Tab.      >    937 
parvifblittm  Nutt.     679 
polygonum  Vent.  >    679 
Tolcanicum  An.  .1117 
Pbmec    -        .        .352 
Pomegranate  •        -    4.V> 
Pond  Bush      -        .683 
Poplar    -        .        -    819 
Poplar  of  Virginia       36 
P6pulus  Toum.     .    819 
acerifdlia  Lodd.   >    820 
acerifblia  .       .    820 
aegyptlaca  Hort.     820 
c&ndicans  .        .    820 
h<bridaA>A.     -    820 
paUida  Hort.     .    820 
pendula      .        -    820 
adadhca  Llndl.   .    825 
d<&aBieb.     .       .820 
4/ftaMill.      -        .    820 
Hba  Trag.    •       -    824 
&lba  L.  .        .        .819 
lati/bliaTjoh.     -    819 
MedascA>oM  .    828 
nivea  Mart.        .    819 
ndTa  Audib.       .    818 
angulata  Ait.        -    828 
angulbsa  Michx.   .    H28 
arembfrgica  Lodd.    820 
arghUea  Michx.    .'   829 
batsam^fera  MiU.  -    828 
bHlsamlfcni  L.       -    830 
f  bliis  variegdtis      830 
intermddia  HorU    880 
latifblia  tfor^    -    830 
suav^olens         -    830 
viminaiis    -       .830 
b^lgicaljoM.        .    820 
bettilifdiia     .        -    825 
canndeneis     -        -    824 
canadensis  Mcench     831 
cindicans  Ait.       >    831 
c&ndicans  Lodd.    .    820 
cancscens  Sm.       .    820 
carolinfnsis  Mcench  825 
cordita .        .        .    831 
cordifblia  Burgs.  -    829 
crassifblia  Mart.  -    820 
dilatdta  Ait.  -        .    827 
fastigiiita  Desf.      -    827 
glanduibsa  Mcench    825 
grc'ca  Ait.    -        -    823 
grandidentdta        -    823 
grisea  Lodd.  -    820 

heterophyUa  Du  Rol  828 
heteroph^lla  L.     -    829 
hudsonidna   -        >    825 
hndsdnica  Mich.    -    825 
h$brida^  Dod.         -    821 
intermedia  Mert.  -    820 
itdlicti  Mceiich       -    827 
dilatdta  Willd.  .    827 
ca  rol inhuis  Burg.  H27 
Icpviodta  Ait.         .    822 
lan'tadta  Wllld.     -    824 
latifblia  Mcench    -    831 
libpce'RtLy     -       -    821 
macroph^lla  Z.m(f/.    831 
macrof'hi/lla  Lodd.    828 
vtdjor  Mill.  .        .819 
mart/l6ti(iira  Bosc     825 
tn  (mi I  •fir  a  Hort.  .    824 
nionililora      -        -     82.t 
\h\\U  variesraris  -    826 
Lindlcyana  J?(/o/A    826 


Fife 
nigra  Michx.        -    9is 
nt^ra  Trag.  -       -    821 
nigra  L.        .       -    894 
americikna  Lod.     8S5 
itdUca  Du  Koi   -    8t7 
itdliea  Lodd.      -    825 
nivea  Lodd.  -    820 

fBiv<?a  Willd.  -    8rf 

cmtaritosis  Da(f.  >  831 
palmhia  Hort.  -  820 
panndmca  Jacq.  .  827 
pendula  Du  Roi  .  821 
phutsOa  Lodd.  .  822 
poldnica  Hort.  -  824 
pyramiddta  Hort.  827 
quercifbha  Hort.  -  820 
salicifolia  Hort.  -  830 
suavioiens  Flsch  >  830 
supina  Lodd.  .  822 
tomentbsa  -  >  820 
tr^mulaL.  .  .  821 
Uerigilta  >  .822 
pendula  .  .  822 
trrmuloidtt  Mch.  .  822 
trdpida  fVilld.  .  822 
vimindlis  Lodd.  •  830 
piminea  Du  Ham  -  824 
virginidna  Lin.  .  825 
viridis  Lodd.  .  824 
viatulhuis  Hort.  .  824 
PorciUa  Pen.  .  38 
trUoba  Pert.  .     38 

Portugal  Broom     -    213 
Portugal  Lamrei    •    294 
Potentlllec     •       -    310 
Potentllia  L.  -       •    319 
C6marum  Scop.   >    320 
dahkrica  Nestl.     .    320 
Jloribinda  Ph.       .320 
fruticbsa  Biuch    .    320 
fruticdsa  /,.  .       .    319 
dahQrica  5rr.     .    320 
tenuiloba  Ser.   >    320 
gliibra  lAtdd.         .    320 
Sa)es6Tii  Steph.     .    820 
tenutfblia  Schlect.     320 
Prickly  Ash    -        .     142 
PrlnosX.        -       .163 
ambiguus  Mr.       .    164 
atomlrios  Nutt.    .    166 
canadhuis  Lyon  .    165 
confirtus  Mcntch  .    164 
coriiceus  Pursh    .    166 
declduus  Dec,       .    164 
di^bius  G.  Don      .    166 
giibcrL.       .        .166 
gldber  Wats.         .    166 
Groniwii  Mx.        .    164 
Inrigatus  Pursh  .    165 
lanceolatus  Pursh     165 
lUcidus  Ait  -       -    155 
Ikeidus  Hort.         .    165 
padifdlius'WSWA.  -    164 
pruni/blius  Lodd.      164 
TerlicHlatus  L.    -    164 
Privet      -        .        .628 
Provence  Rote        .    333 
Provina  Rose  >        -    834 
Priinus  rovm.  270.  1 1 14 
acida  Ehrh.  .        >    278 
acumindta  Mx.     .    275 
amen'edna  Dar.    .    284 
argiUa  Bigelow     .    291 
Armeniaca  L.  Sp.      267 
nifnra  DesC        •    268 
atutera  Ehrh.       .    278 
dvinm  L.  Sp.        -    277 
boredlis  Poir.        .    283 
brigantiaca  V'ill.  .    270 
c&ndicans  Balb.    .    275 
canadfnsis  M .  et  S .    291 
carolinidna  Kit.  .    296 
capricida  Wall.     -    298 
cerasxfrra  Ehrh.  -    274 
cerasbtdea  D.  Don     287 
Ch-aana  Lin.  Sp.  >    278 
chicasa  Pursh       >    285 


cocofBtiu  r««.    -  iS 

dasycar^mUtxh.  ~    S0 
divaricita  Letf.     .    2?« 
domestica  I.         -    273 
axmeniAdet  Ser.     273 
fldre  piteo  Baru    273 
Ibl.  rariefitttfl.    273 
Jrwtudtm  PaU. 
giamaifiiM  Waft.  - 
•oixtf  BroQssoaet  - 
Aynaia/uMx. 
Mcdna  SteptMm    ■ 
tnirmtM  GtneL       .   £3 
Haaitstia  W  alt.       .    9£> 
inaitltu  JL     -        .72 
fldre  pl^no  D^ar.    S3 
fHictu  liktco-flho    STi 
fttictu  nlrro  H.  -    m 
frdctu  rOtbro  H.     tn 
Japdutca  Tbimb.  .    Stt 
lanctoidta  Willd.  .    »* 
LMmroctraaua  L.  ~    » 
laatitdnacM  L..  -    9« 

MishdUb  L.  .        .    M 
maritinca  y<fMj;rB*   27^ 
muiiigfnmtHai^ae  C.    » 
Jlfftin^  Sieb.  -       .1114 
Mifro6dhiM  Da  R      n 
i^rotdd^mm  Lais. '    Zi 
mjrolidlaxia  L.      .    l^i 
AliU  Tarleg.  DwL  ffi 
nigra  Alt.      .        .    «4 
n^rrTonu  Ehrfe.    .    S7 
/*J</auL.       .        .    {« 
panacuidim  Ker     .    S! 
pmaaapi9mm»ea  I.  fi.  SS 
prratetf^d  l>raf.  -    JS 
proatrdta  H.  K.     .    » 
Psrikjk^-C^fwjwl.    2» 
pubcaoena  ^ov-.    -    Z7S 
ptUtfaoetas  Ph.        .    SS 
pikmiia  L.      .        .93 
MVUMT^a  WHld.     -    » 
rMra  Ait.     .        .    K 
r*6raW.       .        .99 
MAcma  LtodJ.       .    S7 
amOva  Furfaa.  Ray      S3 
temptrMrena  Ebrh.  K 
jgwuniWjnia  WOM.  9C 
aerotma  RflCb        .    M 
«m^ma  WiJlJ.      .    gi 
serrmldta  Lindl.    .    tq 
n'Ainbi  Lin.  Spu    -    20 
aimimata  Pers.        -    M 
spk^gTodrpa  Mx.      3* 
«prn^«8  Lois.         .    sTI 
S|Mn6sa  L.      .        -    £*! 
fl6r«  pl^no         -    271 
f6Ui<Tarie«ias5.  n 
macrocirpa  ITa/.   SH 
mi<»wArpa  WaL    SI 
ov4ta  Srr.  -        .    sn 
vulgiris  S<r.      -    *ri 
undulita  Hamih.  -    sa 
p^TM  Ehrh.  -       -    277 
virginidna  Fl.Mex.   2« 
wpmadma  Mill.    .    S4 
PaHld-Jcdeta  Mmoeh  2S 
odordta  Mcench  .    23 
Pt^leal,.        -       -    141 
Baldwinii  Tor.  ^  C.  IH 
trifdliaul..  .       .    144 
pentaphf  Ua  I^m.  144 
pubescens  Pwrtk   144 
Preroc6ccms  Pall.  .   «• 
aphyUua  Pall.       .    M' 
Pierocirya  iCnC*      743 
caucfcsica  A'ttaCi       743 
Piknica  Tonrm^       .   <aS 
tnneriedn*t  aaai  P.  4Sr 
Granatum  L.       •  4S( 
tdbcsoena  2>rc  -  4S? 
fl.pl^no     -      .  437 
Urwnlhrt.     •  437 
■i»— ipew.       *sr 
rilbrMj>fc.     •   4H 
fl.  plteo  TVcw  .   «W 


GENEKAL   INDEX. 


1155 


Pilnhla  Dee,  •       -  ^ 

tridenUU  Dec.      -  297 

Pyrac&ntha     -    376.  SHft 

Tyrui  Ltndl,  •  417.  1115 

acerba  Dee.  -  426 

A^'chraa  Gsrtn.    -  417 

alDi(dliaI.itMfi.     -  449 

Ameldnchier  Wllld.  412 

amerlcina  Dec.    -  438 

americ^Da  Dec.     -  440 

amygdalir6rmls  KiT/.  422 

angustil'dlia  AU.   -  430 

af^tala  Munch.     -  427 

arbutif  5Iiii  L.  iU.  -  446 

intermedia  LituU.  446 

pDraila       -       -  446 

eerutina  LindL  -  446 

K^x&Ehrh.  -  432 

acuminata  Hort.  438 

acutif6Ha  ZXrc.  -  433 

anguatif  51ia  Und.  433 

buliata  Xriuf/.    -  433 

erotica  ZfiMtf.    -  433 

eaiiUs  Hort        -  433 

iongifdlia  Hort.  433 

obtusif  dlia  Dec.  433 

ov^s  Hort.       -  433 

rotundtfdiiaHoTt.  433 

rugdsa  Lindl.     -  433 

unduUta  Lmdl.  433 

astracdnica  D^'C.    -  427 

aucuparia  Gecrtn.  431) 

fastigidta   -        -  439 

fbliisTariegHtla-  439 

frCictu  Idteo        -  439 

auriculdri»  Knoop  423 

aurlcuUta  Dec,     -  438 

Azardlus  Hoop.     -  368 

baccataX.     -        -  427 

bollwylleriana  Dtfc.  423 

boUwif/lrridnaJ.B.  423 

Botry Upturn  L.  fll.  412 

canadinsis  Hort.  >  440 

Chamsmespilus  L.  449 

communis  Lois.    -  442 

comnaCtnis  L.        -  417 

A'chras  WaUr.  -  418 

fl6re  plSno         -  418 

f  51iis  variegStis  -  418 

frdctu  variegito  4 1 8 

j&bpida       -        -  418 

Py  raster  Wailr.  418 

sanguinoltota    -  418 

sat  Ira  Dec.         -  418 

sylveatris  -        -  426 

coronaria  L.  -  420 

atrondria  Wang.  -  430 

crendta  D.  Don     -  43.'> 

Cydbnia  Lin.  Sp.  •  450 

dpprcssa  L.  -       -  448 

dioioa  fV.      -       -  427 

domhtica  Sra.lnE.B.442 

<!(/i^»  Wllld.  -  435 

elaagni/dlia  A.B.  422 

elteagn(fblia  Pall.  422 

florlbdnda  L.        -  447 

folioldsa  fVall.      -  445 

glandulbsa  Moench  364 

grandifdlla  L.        -  448 

heteroph^lla  ^.    .  1115 

hirclna  Wall.        -  446 

kpbrida  Mcench     -  444 

hybrida  lanugindia  443 

indica  Colebr.        -  426 

integriJbUa  Wall.  405 

intennddla  Ekrh.  -  434 

anguntifdlia       -  435 

latifblia      -        -  434 

kipdnica  Thunb.  -  450 

lanugindsa  Dee.    -  443 

M^lus  /..       -        -  425 

Mdius  Sm.E.  B.  -  426 

austcra  Wallr.  -  426 

hGbrida  Alt.       -  420 

t»i/>>  Wallr.       -  426 

sylv^stris  Fl.  Dan.  426 

mekanocSrpa  fV.   -  447 


Bubpub§8C8nt  L.  447 

MichK&xH  Sosc.    '  425 

microc&rpa  Dec.   -  441 

nepalinsis  Hort.   -  435 

nivalis /.in.>&.      -  421 

t/iusia  Ham.        -  407 

ova/i«WiUd.         -  413 

orientdlts  Honi.    -  422 

Pt'uhia  Ham.         -  424 

ptrsica  Pers         -  421 

pinnailflda  Ekrk.  438 

arbtjscula  Dec.  439 

lanugindsa         -  438 

£cndula     -       -  4.19 

veria  L.  Mant.  423 

pi]lbena  L.     -       -  448 

pUmila  Hort.         -  430 

prunifblia  fV.        -  426 

Fffr aster  Ray        -  417 

rivaUris  Doug.     >  437 

rublctinda  Hc^in.  449 

Balicifftlla  L.-        -  422 

taticifdUa  Lois.     -  422 

salvilT^Iia  Dec.       -  421 

utmbtidfblJa  Cham.  444 

tanguinea  Ph.       -  413 

Sch6ttii  Led.         -  432 

SAeversli  Led.        -  432 

ndv.  sp.  Sierers     -  432 

5fnat  Desf.   -        -  4S1 

sln^ica  Thouin      -  421 

sinensis  LituU.      -  422 

sinhuis  Poir.        -  450 

sinica  R^le  -        -  422 

S6rbus  Garrtn.     •  442 

malirSrmIs  Lod.  442 

pyrif6rmis  Lodd.  442 

spect&bilis  Ait.      -  431 

spilria  Dec.   -        -  444 

p^ndala  Hort.    -  445 
sambuctfbtia  H.  B.  446 

stipuldcea  Hort,    -  432 

syMstris  Dod.      -  417 

sylvi$tri$  Magnol  -  422 

toroentdsa  Dec.     -  449 

torminilis  .£ArA.  -  486 

trilobdta  Dee.        -  437 

varioldsa  ^a^7.     -  424 

vestlU  Wall.  -  435 

QuercusL.      -849.1117 

acumindta  Hort.  -  888 

acata  Thunb.         -  893 

acutifblia  IViUd.   -  904 

acut(fblia  Nees      -  1117 

aegiiupifdlia  Pers.  889 

itgilopijblia  Willd,  889 

^'gilopsZ,.  -       -  860 

latifbiia  Horf.    -  860 

p^ndula  Hort.    -  860 

agrifblia  VfiUd.    -  879 

A'lamoBentA       -  904 

ilbaZ.  -       -  862 

palustrls  Miehx.  862 

pinnatlflda  .Va'.  -  862 

pinnat\fida  WHt.  862 

rep&nda  Mz.      -  862 

virginidna  Park.  862 

amblgua  Humb,    -  9(i3 

ambigUB  ^fV/df.     -  870 

am«r/c3na  Pluk.  -  871 

angustata  Bl.        -  894 

annuiita  Sm,        -  888 

apennlna  L.  -       -  864 

aqudtica  Lod.        -  874 

aquatica  Sm.&Ab.  876 

aquAtica  SoL  -  875 

elongdta  Ait.      -  875 

marititna  Michx.  h76 

A'rcula  Ham.       -  891 

armhta  Box.         -  915 

fispera  Base  -  889 

austriaca  Willd.  -  856 

austrdlis  Cook       -  851 

oustrdtis  Link       -  852 

Balldta  Dr.*.  -  882 

Banisteri  Led.      -  871 

Banisleri  Michx.  -  876 

4e 


Pate 

B&f^a  Ham.         •  888 

barbin6rvif  Bentk.  904 

6icotor  Willd.       -  868 

boredtiaVLn.'       -  870 

Brdntii  LrndZ.       -  891 

Br6ssa  Boic  -        -  889 

burgundiaca  Baab.  854 

calyclna  Poir.       -  889 

c&ndicans  ff »?/</.   -  904 

cariinsis  Willd.    -  890 

Cof/an^'a  Willd.    -  867 

castaneifbUa  Mey.  890 

eastaniearpa  Box.  915 

Catesbiel  TTiVW.  -  873 

Catdngea  Ham.    -  915 

«rr/«  Hort.-        -  866 

Cfrria  Oliv.  -        -  855 

Cerris  L.       -        -  854 

c^na  m^or  Lod  B57 

cina  minor  Lod.  857 

austrlacjL    -        -  856 

derudta  Wats.    -  868 

Jrondbsa  Mill.    -  855 

fulbamensis        -  858 

heterophflU      -  859 

laciniita     -        -  856 

latifblia  ^or<.    -  859 

Lucombcina     -  859 

crlspa     -       -  859 

dent&ta  -        -  859 

incUa      -       -  859 

suberdsa         -  859 

pcndula  ^/ctTI     -  856 

Ritgnal       -        -  857 

variegilta  Lod.  -  866 

vulgaris     -        -  855 

chinfensis  Bung,    •  893 

Chinquapin  Pursh  867 

chrrsophfllaHtmift.  902 

cwi^M  Willd.       -  877 

circindta  IViUd.     •  904 

cocctfera  L.  -        -  883 

coccifera        -        -  879 

coccinea  Willd.     -  869 

conccntrica  /.owr.  893 

confertifblii //ttmA.  904 

congbnnerdta  Pers.  854 

costita  m.     -        -  895 

craMifblia  ^umd.  -  903 

crasslpes  Humb.   -  901 

angustifblla  if.  -  901 

crinita    -        -    864, 855 

y  Cirria  Lin.     -  856 

eunedta  Wang.      -  870 

ciispid<\ta  Thunb.  -  893 

daphndidea  Bl.     -  897 

dentdin  Bart.         -  875 

dent^ta  TAtm^.     -  893 

dppr^ssa  ifiifn^.    -  903 

diiColor  Ait.  -        -  870 

difco/or  Willd.      -  871 

diversifbliaFFf7/d..  904 

dysoph^lla  Benik.  904 

§Iegan8  Bl.    -        -  896 

elllptlca  Willd.      -  904 

<'/on^a/a  Willd.     -  870 

E'sculusX.   -        -  853 

exoniintit  Lod.     -  859 

expfirisa  Poir.       -  889 

fte^mina  Roth       -  849 

faglnea  Lam.        -  889 

falciita  Michx.       -  870 

falkenberginais  B.  852 

fasligtdta  Lam.     -  849 

Fennissi  Hort.      -  861 

ferox  Box.    -        -  915 

ferrugfnca  Mx.     -  874 

JUicima^^on.    -  86i 

Fontanh$ii  G\XM.  -  885 

g«>melUnbra  i»L     -  898 

glabcrrima  Bl.      -  896 

gUbra  ThutA.       -  893 

glabrescens  Bentk.  904 

gla^a  Thunb.      -  888 

glaCica  Thunb.      -  893 

glauc6scens  Humb.  89^) 

Grarodutia   -       -  882 

2 


S andifftlia  DoM    -  892 

aUphUeot^ovi-  865 

HaUphla^ot  Juss.  854 

Hartwdgl  Benth.  -  904 

Hemeris  Dalech.  -  849 

kenusphte'rica  Br.  886 

hemispha'rica  W.  876 

heteroph^lla  Mx.  -  879 

ktspdnica  Lam.    -  889 

kdmilis  Hort         -  886 

hCimillsXam.        -  889 

kHmim  Wa\L        -  877 

A^Ar^cfa  Hort.       -  885 

k^brida  Lod.        -  886 

h^bridandna        -  886 

ib^rica  Stev.  -       -  896 

riex  L.         -        -  880 

Balldta      .       -  1117 

crlspa  Lod.        -  880 

faglfblia  Lod.     -  880 

integrif^lia  Lod.  880 

latifblia  Z.otf.     -  880 

longifblia  Lod.  -  880 

maryidndica  Ray  876 

obidnga  Hort.    -  H.s0 

salic^ia  -        -  880 

serratlfblia  Lod.  8H0 

variegdta  Hort.  -  880 

flicifblia  W.  -       -  876 

imbricita //am.    •  892 

imbricita  Willd.  -  879 

mcdna  Boyle        -  888 

indau^/.     -       -  898 

Infectbria  Oliv.      .  890 

KamroSpii  D.  Don  888 

laciniiLta  Lod.       -  851 

lamelldsa  Sm.       -  892 

landta  Sm.    -       -  88S 

lanceoUta  Hutnb.  901 

lancifblia  Chain.    -  904 
laniita   -       -       -  1117 

lanuginbsa  D.  Don  888 

latijblia  Hort.       .  879 

UUifblia  mas  Bauh.  851 

laurifblia  W.         -  878 

h^bridailfr.       .  878 

latirlna  Humb.      -  900 

Libini  OUv.  -        -  890 

Ilneatai?/.    -        -  898 

lobdta  Wiild.         -  904 

Lucombedna  Swt.  8.^9 

crispa  Hort       -  859 

dentdta  Hort    -  859 

keterophjlla      -  859 

incisa  Hort.       -  8.59 

suberdsa  Hort.  -  859 

lusitlinica  Lam,    -  889 

mtea  WiUd,  -       -  904 

lyrsiVi  Walt.-       -  865 

fyrdta  Lod.  -        -  870 

macroc£rpa  W.     -  864 

macroph^lla  fFf77(/.  904 

magnolisfblia  W.  904 

mannifera  Ldl.  854.  890 

mar'ttima  Willd.  -  878 

marylfhtdica  Ray  -  874 

mexicana  Humb.  -  901 

roicroph^lla  FTiV/d:  904 

MichaOxii  iiutt.    -  868 

mol(icca.B/.  -       -  898 

mong6lica  FmcA.  -  890 

mong6lica  Lindl.  -  851 

montdrui  Lod.       -  671 

montdna  Willd.    -  866 

mucron^u  Willd.  -  904 

mvrtifblia  WiUd.  -  887 

nana  Hort.  -       -  886 

ndna  Willd.-        -  875 
nepalenats     -       -  1117 

ni^ra  Thore-       -  858 

nigra  WiUd.          -  875 

nigra  L.        -       -  874 

maritiroa  Afo.    -  875 

ndna  ...  875 

oblongdta  D.  Don  888 

obovdta  Bung.      -  893 

obtteU  Potr.        -  890 


1156 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


nbtutiita  JJumb.    •  8^ 

obtusdia  Ait.         -  879 

obtmifblia  Dan     -  892 

obtiisUoba  Mi.      -  865 

olivcf.Srmit  -        -  %fA 

orientHlis  Toy^Ti.  -  860 

latifblia  Tourn.  855 

pftllida^/.     •        -  8t)5 

palCtirit  Marsh     -  862 

palilstris  WiUd.     -  872 

paiidurdta  Hwnb.  -  899 

parutonica  Booth  -  1118 

pcndvia  Led.         -  849 

peduncuUU  fVOld.  849 

fastigiita   -       -  849 

Tiliis  Tariegiitis  -  851 

heterophf-lla      -  851 

p^ndufa      -        -  849 

pub^<icfnis  Lod. '  849 

purpiirca   -        -  851 

JetioUrii  Bcnth.  -  904 

'heUos  Sra.  -       -  877 
Phelloi  L.    -     876.  886 

cmirrus  .\it.      -  H77 

cint^reus     -        -  877 

hiimilis  Pursh  -  877 

latilolius  Lodd.  -  H77 

maritimut  Mx.  -  878 

ptlmitii  Mx.        -  877 

tericeus     -        -  877 

tylv&ticut  .V*.   -  877 

Pkullata  Ham.     -  888 

placeutiria  Rl.      -  896 

platycfirpa  Bt.       -  896 

platjfphgilos  HaX.  -  851 

prasma  Ptr$.        -  889 

priniiidis  WiUd.   -  867 

Prhitu  Lin.  -        -  8<36 

Printu  Sra.  -        -  S&t 

Prinus  L.      -       -  8<i6 

acuminata  A/x.  -  867 

Chinquapin  Mx.  867 

dticolor  MX.       -  868 

moniicola  Mx.   -  86»; 

luonUcola  Mich.  86(> 

palu8tri«  <>/x.    -  866 

pCimila  Mx.        -  867 

toment^sa  Mx.  -  86H 

pruinusa  Blume    -  894 

pseCido-coccifera  -  883 

pfteiido>molucca  Bl.  898 

PseudO'Skber  H.  -  884 

Pseudo-SiiberD.  885 

Fontaudkii     -        -  885 

pubi-scens  Willd.  -  852 

pulcliclla  Humb.  -  90-> 

pUtnila  -Mx.  -        -  877 

pyramidhliB  Hort.  849 
pyrcnaica  JF.     853.1118 

rarpun6»a  Utjok.     -  898 

racnnbsa  N.  Du  H.  849 

lidgnal  Lod.  -  857 

regiJis  Burn.         -  851 

rdgia  L/nrf/.  -  891 

rep:inda  Humb.    •  900 

rcticulita  Humb.  -  902 

i(d6tir  Lin.   -        -  849 

/2d6ttr  Willd.        -  851 
lanuginosum'Ltjn.  852 

mac/ucarpum  B.  852 

«^«n/«  Mart.       -  851 

pedunctUdtum  M.  849 

rotundita  ///.        -  895 

rotundifoUa  Lam.  889 
rubra  L.       -    868.1118 
taraxacifblia  ^.     11  IK 

rug6fta  WUU.        -  904 

sai.-cifblia  Hort.   -  851 

MHritt.Ua  JT/tfd.    -  904 

tempcarpifblia  Sm.  893 

snnpfrrircns  Ban.  886 

»<-ricf-rt  Wllld.        -  877 

serrata  Tkunb.      -  893 

iCHiliflftra  So/.      -  851 

austrilig     -        .  8/,2 

lalkenberg*n»Ii  -  862 


macrocArpa 


852 


Pag* 

Dub^tceni  -       -  852 

siuiUs  P.hrh.         -  851 

fideroxyla  Humb.-  900 

Sklnneri  .AmfA.    -  1117 

•picita  Humb.       -  902 

spicdU  Sm.   -        -  891 

•plcndens  WiUd.  -  904 

squam&la  Box.     -  891 

»telUUa  Willd.       -  865 

stipuUrit  Humb.  -  902 

stolomfera  Lapeyr.  853 

sober  Z,.       -       -  884 

apgustift>lium    -  884 

dent&tum  -       -  a84 

latifblium  -        -  884 

•undiica  Blume    -  893 

TaHztn  Pen.         -  8.'i3 

/riic/dria  Bart.       -  871 

Unctftria  WiUd.     -  871 

angiil5sa  Michx.  871 

*iuu5sa  Michx.  -  872 

tommlbsa  Dec.     -  853 

tomentdna  fViUd.  -  904 

Tdsa  Bosc     -        -  853 

Tourfu-fdriii  Wind.  855 

tribnlohd'S  Sm.     -  915 

trldens  Humb.      -  904 

/ritoifl  Wjlld.        -  870 

turbinita  Bl.         -  698 

Tdrneri  H'liW.     -  885 

uliginbsa  Wangh.  875 

urceoldrii  Hwjfi.    -  898 

vrluthta  Lam.       •  871 

velutlna  Lindl.     .  892 

▼iminalis  Bote      -  889 

TlreuB  Ait.     -        -  886 

t/irginidna  Pluk.  -  871 

virgintdna  Pluk.  -  876 

xaiapcujiis  Humb.  898 

Quicken  Tree          -  439 

Quickset-        -        -  375 

Quince    ...  450 

Raisin  Berberry     -  49 

UanuncuUlceae       2.  1111 

Raspberry       >       -  312 

Redliay-        -        -  683 

Red  Cedar      .        -  1084 

Red  Maple      .        .  91 

Red  Root        -       -  180 

Rcstharrouf     -        -  !?29 

RftamUn  Brong.    -  179 

E'phedra  Brong.  -  179 

Rhamn.^cea:   -    167.1113 

Rhimnns        .    170.1113 

Alatenius  L.         -  171 

angustifblia       -  171 

balc&rica  //.  Par.  171 

f51ii«  arg^Dteic  -  172 

ai^rpis     .        .  172 

maculitis        -'  171 

hisp^nica  //.  Par.  171 

alnirhlius  VH^r.  -  175 

franguloldet  Dec.  175 

altiifblius  Pursh    -  178 

alplnus  L.     -       >  175 

grand  ifdlius       -  176 

amygdilinu*  De^f.  178 

burgundiacus  H.  P.  172 

bux If  51iui  Poir.    -  173 

buxiffdius  Brot.    -  173 

calii6micus  Esch.  178 

cardiospirmus  Will.  173 

carolinmnus  H'alt.  176 

carpinij  blius  PalL  726 

cath6rticuft  L.        -  172 

CVi/*rt  Willd.         -  171 

cr6ceu«  Suit.        -  178 

daharlcus  PaU.     -  174 

E'phedra  Domb.  -  179 

Erythr6xyion  P.   -  174 

angustissimum  Dc.  174 

ferrugineus  tiuu.  178 

Fringula  L.  -       -  177 

angustK  61ia  Hort.  177 

franguldides  Mx.  .  175 

h^brldug  Z,'/«r.  .  172 

infectbriui  L.       -  173 


Pan 

lanceol  4tui  Pur^k     1 78 

latir51iui  L'Herit.      177 

laurifbliui  Suit    -    178 

lon0 blius  .MUL  D.    173 

lycicildes  L.  -        -     174 

fycwldes  Pall.  Fl.  R.  174 

L^cium  Scop.       -    173 

oleifbliui  Hook.    -    178 

PalikruiL.  -        -    168 

parvifdlim  Tor.  ^G.  178 

persicir^liui  ^irr/.      178 

pentaph6Uus  Jacq.     622 

prunlfdlius  Sm.     >    178 

prunif  dlius  J3(W<A     1113 

pubf  teens  Sibtb.   -    178 

pOmilui  L.    -       -    176 

Pur^hiinut  JDrv.   -    178 

rotundij blius  Dum.    171 

rupistris  Scop.  Cam.  176 

saxatills  L.    -       -    173 

sempervkrens  Hort.    172 

SibthorpUknu«  &Aii^  178 

sicuius  L.  Sy*t.    -    6W 

texcn«is  Tor  ^  Gr.    178 

tinctbriuh  H'b^j/.      173 

ultMotdfs  Guldens.     726 

umbellatus  Cav.    -     178 

Poliibilis  L.  &[.       -     170 

Wicklius  Jacf .     -  1113 

Zixypkus  L.  -    1G7 

Rhododendron  L.  -    5k3 

anthopdgon  Don  -    590 

arborescens  T.      •>    5L>8 

arb6reum  Sm.       -    590 

▼entlistum  D.  Don  590 

aromdticum  WalL     590 

azalebtdes  Desf.    >    584 

bicolor  D.  Don      •    594 

calendulaceum  Tbrr.  505 

fulgidum  Hook.      VA 

l^idum  Bot.  R.      595 

Mortdrii  Swt.     -    595 

campaniiliitum  D.  D.  !^ 

camtsch&ticum  P.      591 

cancscens  G.  Don      595 

catavbienso  Mx.  -    586 

Russelliiinum     -    587 

tigrlnum  Hort.  -    587 

caudsicuro  Pali.  -    587 

Kobleanum  Hort.  588 

pulchirrimum  L.   587 

stramineum  Hook.fiSJ 

Chamvcistus  L.    -    592 

chr}'sknihcmum  L.    587 

daOri^bm  L.  -       -    591 

atrovlrens  Ker  -    591 

ferruginoum  Andr.    588 

ilbum  Aof/d.  Cat.   .V48 

miniu  Pert.        .    588 

fldvum  G.  Don      >    592 

frdgrans  Hort.      >    585 

Rlaucum  D.  Don  •    596 

hirsQluml..-        -    588 

rariegitum         -    588 

hispidum  T.  •       -    597 

hgbridum  Lod.  Cat.  585 

lapp6nicura  WaMl.     590 

lepidbtum  Wall.    -    591 

macrophf  Hum /).  D.509 

m&ximmn  L.         -    585 

allnim  Pursh      .    586 

purpdrcum  Ph.      586 

ffiinia  Mx.    -       -    588 

nitidiun  r.    -       -    597 

nudillbrum  Torr.  >    592 

ilbum  D.  Don    -    593 

cirueum  D.  Don    593 

cocclneum  D.  Dtm  A93 

eximlum  D.  IXm    S94 

Goveniinum  D.  D.  593 

papllioD4ceum  .    593 

partltum  D.  Don   593 

poly4ndnun  J!>oii   (93 

rObrum  Lod.  B.  C.  594 

rOtllans  A.  i>M     593 

Seymodri  B.  R.     594 

scinttlloiu  /}.  R.    594 


1^', 


qffiau^Je  S»li»i>.        >C 
poltfbhmm  Sctip.   >    > 
p6nticum  L-  -    ^"4 

axalcoMM.  .  .Va 
frilgrau  ili'arfKT  5^5 
Ldwii  G.  M.  -  AM 
»>^cntfp*j7—  Lo-  -w". 
myrtir^iioEB  lM~  3^ 
otrti^^uis  ir^tii.  •  bKt 
Smlxhii  Svi.     .    M 

punct.Beam  Jmdr.-    !«^ 
mftjus  i>r  - 
ntyna^  Wat$. 
»urpareuai  G   Dan 
~  irshii  C*.  Don    - 
Rhod^Va  G.  Don  - 
tetiksum  D.  D^m   - 
specitjAum  D*m     - 
yucimun  Torr.     - 
omAtum  Sk^    • 
Rhodwrea 
JiAodora  Lin.  Sp.  - 
camsKifmsu  L.  Sp. 
RhiisZ..-        -       . 

arorofttictun  Ait,  - 
cacodimdnm  Eiirh 
canadfnm*  Marsh. 

caroiitfdnmsn  MilL 
cupalhna  L.  - 

CoriiriaZ..   - 
C6tin(ifl  X.,    - 
diveniloba  7"«r.    - 
flegans  Ait.  - 
gidbrn  W  illd.  So. 
glabra  r,.       -       - 
cocctocta     - 
diolca 

hermaplirodica  • 
^VpsrUxi^namn  3L 
tob^ta  Hook. 
laurfna  A'Mtt. 
m^tt/diia  b^lgicn  B.  Sdi 
o6«<rdrwm  Bteb.  -  '.€ 
pdmila  .V^.  .  .  *^ 
rorficoaM  L.  -  -  * 
#me«t«-  Ellis  -    li^ 

«»tf»rt«*f»*  Ait.      -    it?l 
nfirixirts  Park.     -    SW 
o/l^a  I>aJ«cb.      .    SK 
Toxicodt:'  EMlroa  L.-    » 
niicrocarpoa  T.O.  1^ 
quercin^liumr.6.  R« 
radJcana  T  ^  O.     L« 
uulgdrr  Six-'  -  «  W 
9^scrc9fdd*a  Mx..      1^ 
Tor.    -    ra 
,       M.     IS 
tril«>bica  Sua.  -    BJ 
trifolt^tm  I^.  Cat.  .    ts 
typfalna  i.     -        -    |C 
arborfescriM        .    I» 
frut^tonu  -        .    l» 
▼iridifldra  -        -    !«• 
▼enenita  !><«.       .    i<«» 
^tnus  Lin.  Sp.     •    !•«• 
wirfhuama  Bank.  •    IK^ 
9iri4ifldm  Poir.    -    M* 
Rlbe*  L,  -    4m.  IIH 

tfof  rrtamsB  Rock.  475 
adcularv  Sm.  .  Ci 
acuminAKum  W.  -  Ci 
ttffhne  DoQ^.  .   va. 

albiQi^rram  Ifr.    .   Ci 
ahtinum  Deiark.  -   C* 
alfihnan  Siereri   -   d 
alpknum  Z..    -       >   ITT 
bacclfrroia  WaBr.C* 
fC»liis  Tari^ektb-  C*> 
ptimilua  LmmdL    €^ 
sterile  l^'allr.    .  €1 
altdicmm  Vod,  CmU  *S\ 
4tmertcttnmm  MS.     4^ 
angtsimm  D«m^  .    48( 
Hflit.     .    47S 


>• 

^. 
■is* 
5* 

*C 

:'« 
fc4 

>a 
>.» 
^4 
\*> 
i-! 

L-» 

1* 
1* 
\^ 
laa 


G£N£RAL   INDEX. 


1157 


Atro-purp{lrf  um  M.  487 

a&renm  I'ulla         -  4NS 

alireutn  Ker          -  488 

aCireum  Fk.  -       -  487 

prw^cox  Lindl.  -  487 

sannttineum  Lind.  4H8 

•erotinum  Lt'juU.  48S 

vlll6«um  Di7C.     -  488 

bracte5suni  Dotuft.  483 

campanuldtum  H.  482 

canadSnsf  Lod.     -  482 

carpathicum  JCi/.  -  479 

c^reum  Dougl.      -  48>^ 

CvndBbatll..         -  471 

fnlctu  aciileJIto  -  471 

fructu  glikbro     -  471 

DiacJLntha  L.;V.   -  475 

dioica  Manters       -  477 

dioica  Moench        -  477 

divaririktum  D.     -  471 

echindium  Doug.  476 

fvroz  Sm.       -        -  475 

n&vum  Coli.  '        -  488 

fli^vum  Berl.        -  488 

floridiim  L'Hir.    -  481 

grandiflorum  //.  4H2 

parvifl6runi  Hort.  482 

frhgrans  L.  B.  Cab.  487 

fuchsioidt'S  Dec.    -  474 

glaci&le  fVail        -  484 

glanduldsum  kit.  -  482 

glanduldsum  R.  &  P.  4^2 

gtuiindsum  Benth.  486 

gr&cile  Mx.    -        -  472 

GrossuUriaL.      -  473 

Betserikna  Berl.  473 

bracte&ta  Bert.  -  473 

kltnalay&na        -  473 

macroc&rpa  Dec.  473 

reclin&ta  S^r/.  -  473 

•pinofliuima  Berl.  473 

BubinSrinis  Berl.  473 

U '  va-crispa  Sm.  473 

heter6trichuin  Mey.  483 

himalay^us  Royle  473 

hirtellum  M*.       -  473 

hudsonidnum  Rich.  484 

hybridum  Bess.    -  473 

iu^brians  Lrnd;.    -  485 

irriifuuin  Dot^.     -  472 

lacdstre  Poir.       -  476 

oxvacantholdes  -  476 

laxiJldrumVh.      -  482 

longiJldrtunVTVMT  488 

mdjtu  Hort.          -  470 

nuUvhceum  Benth.  486 

Mensid«i{  i>)lr.        -  475 

microphj^Ua^.^.i:.  475 

mistnuniruis  Hort.  488 

multiflbrum  Kit.  -  479 

nigrum  L.     -       -  480 

b&cca  fl&vida  H.  481 

b4cca  Tirido  Hort.  481 

fbliis  rarieg.  V.  -  481 

n*^n«iii  L.  Sp.       -  481 

niveum  Lindl       -  470 

orientile  Poir.      -  475 

erientdle  CutTot    -  482 

oxvacAntholdes  L.  469 

paimdtum  Desf.    -  487 

paimutum  Desf.    -  488 

penruiflvanicum  C.  482 

pennsvlvdnictmt    -  481 

/^^r/o/drr  Dougl.    -  484 

petrc'um  >K.         -  478 

jjolycarpon  Gmel.  482 

procdmbens  Pall.  482 

prottrdtum  L.       -  482 

laxifl5rum          -  482 

punctMum  R.  J[  P.  482 

recltneLtwn  L.  op.  473 

reclindtum  Hort  -  482 

fvevrvd/wm  Mx.  -  481 

resinbsumPA.      -  482 

r/e«*n-<  Mx.    -        -  482 

rhhrutn  Loii.        -  477 

riibnun  Xr.    -       -  477 


PUK 

ftlbamDf^.       -  477 

cameura  Berl.    -  477 

dom6stic.hdc.cam.  477 

f61.£lboTarieg.2).  477 

fol.  ICiteo  varleg.  477 

hortense  Dec.    -  ATI 

•Ibirlcum  Oldaker  477 

lylvtetre  Dec.    -  477 

▼arieg^um  Dec.  ATI 

Mnguineum  P.     -  486 

itro-rObens  AiE»r/.  486 

glutln6flum        -  486 

malviceum        -  486 

UjJiXMePaU.        -  475 

uiltbixxm  LindL      -  470 

Bpecl5suzn  PA.      -  474 

tpicitum  R.  -  478 

spicitum  Schulte*  479 

stamineum  Horn.  -  470 

slamineum  Sm.    -  474 

ta6ricum  Joey.      -  1116 

t«!nuill5rum  Lindl  48H 

frdctu  lateo       -  488 

frtictu  nigro       -  4X8 

triaciinthum  Menx.  474 

triacatUhum  Menx.  474 

trlfldum  Mx.         -  479 

trifldrum  W.         -  47U 

trtstePoii.    -        -  481 

ITva  erispa  (E.  472,  473 

sat'tva  Dec.        -  473 

siflvfstris  Berl  -  473 

TlscotisBimum  Ph.  484 

vitObtittm  Hort.    -  479 

vulgdreS.DtxH.  ATI 

Ribefium  DiW.        -  481 

ragrwn,  ^.  Dill.  -  481 

RobiniaL.      -       -  233 

AUagdna  Pall.      -  238 

amlngtM  Poir.      -  236 

angusttfblia  Hort.  234 

CaragHna  Lin.  Sp.  237 

Chaml^gu  L'H.    -  241 

dDbIa  Fouc.  -       -236 

0cAina<a  Mill.  Diet.  236 

/irox  Pall.     -        -  «0 

fruittcem  L.  Sp.  .  239 

grandiftbra  Bieb.  -  241 

grandUldra  Hort.  -  237 

5/u//ndM  Bot.  Mag.  235 

{aiod6ndronL.m.  242 

blspida  L.     -       -  236 

roacroph^lla  Dec.  237 

nina  i)cc.  -        -  237 

rdsea  Purih       -  237 

kpbrida  Audib.      -  236 

iwrmis  Dum.  Cou.  234 

intermedia  Soul.-B.  S36 

Jubdta  Pall.  -        -  241 

macraeSntha  Lod.  240 

microphOlla  Pall.  -  238 

m^//t:i  Bieb.  -        -  239 

montina  Bartram  235 

inontiLmi  Bartr.     -  236 

Pieild-Acdcia  £    .  S33 

amorpbcibliaJLir.  934 

erispa  Dec.        -  234 

fldre  Ii^teo  Dum.  234 

iniirniis  Dec.      -  234 

latislliqua  Poir.  234 

macroph^llaX.C.  234 

microphylla  L.C.  234 

monstr&sa  L.C  234 

p^ndula  Ort.      -  234 

procdra  lA>d.  Cat.  234 

sophorvriilia  Lk.  234 

spect^bllis  DtffM.  234 

itricuX/r.         .  234 

tortudsa  Dec.     -  S34 

umbracullfera  D.  834 

pvgynce^a  L.  Sp.     -  940 

rotea  N.  Du  Ham  236 

xpindta  L.  Mant.  -  940 

$pinoiU$ima  Laxm.  240 

tomemdta  FIsch.  -  939 

tragaeantkoklet  P.  240 

tr^ra  VHirlt.  -  S43 


Pan 


riscftia  Vent. 

Rock  Rose      -       -  54 

Rosdcese         -  261.  1114 

R5sea     -        -       -  321 

R6sa  Tbum.  -       -  321 

acipk^Ua  Rau.      -  3m 

X^stis  San         -  os/ 

L.          .       -  336 

alpInaL.       -       -  328 

a^hiafiML         -  326 

{r/d6ra  Dotr.     -  828 

e^vis  Ser.          -  328 

Ue^vis  Red.         -  326 
Is  vis         .       -328 

■peciftsa  Hort.   -  328 

Vttlgarit  Red.     -  328 

andegavinsia  Bat.  339 

angwculdta  Desf.  333 

arvinsii  Schrank  -  839 

arv^nsis  HiuU.      -  344 

ayreshirea  Ser.  -  345 
h^bridaLiiid/.JS.  345 

atrttp'trens  Viv.     -  346 

balearica  Desf.     -  346 

B&nksia>  R,  Br.    -  349 

latea  Tratt.       -  349 

Banksidna  Abel    -  349 

ftif^/^fca  Brot.         -  334 

Aei^i'ca  Mill  -        -  332 

berberip>Ua  Pall.  -  852 

bengaitnsis  Pen.  -  343 

b\JertiJo\r.  -       -  333 

hJflbrtKroY.        -  828 

biserrdta  Mer.      •  337 

6/an<fa'Brot.         -  334 

bldndamScl.         -  396 

Bdrreri  Sro.  E.  Fl.  838 

6rac<fd<a  Dec.      -  344 

bracteiita  Wendl.  -  823 

fliire  pidno  Hort.  323 
tcabricatiliB  Lindl.  323 

hrev($tyla  Dec.     -  844 

Brdwnii  Spreng.  -  847 

Brundnil  Lindl.    -  347 

cse>iia  Sm.  -  -  840 
co^lraddrMin  Muncb.  332 
campanuldta  Ehrh.  335 

canma  Dec.  -        -  337 

eaniaa  Roth          -  340 

canlna  L.      -        -  339 

aciph^Ua  Lindl.  389 

ae'sia  Lindl.  R.  340 

pubiscena  A(t.   -  340 

Carolina  Z.    -        -  326 

earolma  Ait.         -  825 

earoliniina  Mx.  -  825 

caryoph^Uea  Poir.  333 

caucasica  Pail      -  841 

ea«/(rd/iVi  Mill.Dict.  834 

centifdlia  Z..  -       -  833 

muficbsa  MiU.    -  834 

pompduia  Dec  -  334 

pruvlnciilii  Art//.  833 

drea  Rosslg.        -  038 

ckerokehuis  Donn  849 

ckloropkpUa  Ehrh.  388 

cinnamomea  Betl.  826 

dnnamdmea  E.  B.  327 

cmnamonKfl  Koth.  838 

mbrifbUa  Red.  •  840 

coUlna  Sm.   -       -  344 

eo/ZitiAWooda       -  839 

eoUincola  Ehrh.   -  327 

corymbifera  Gmel.  840 

corymbbsa  Boac    -  326 

eymbsa  Tratt.       -  350 

aamascdna  MiU.   -  332 

dahClrica  Pa//.       -  387 

Dicksonlina  X.    -  827 

difilua  Roxb.        -  846 

diversifblia  Vent.-  843 

tf&^ta  Wlbel.       .  836 

dumdli*  Bechit.   -  836 

dumetdrum  T%url.  840 
dmmetiHmm  B.  Bot.  888 

eckinJUa  Dupont  -  889 
Sglantiria  Lin.  Sp.  888 


EglantiriaMm.  -    St 

/(Ketmdisstma  Munc.  896 

/ce'tida  Herm.       -    838 

(droxLatrr.  •    329 

nltens  Z,isMf/.     -    892 

Jldvaiyon      -        -    346 

ftSridaVoXr,'       -    846 

F6rsteri  Sm.-       -    839 

fraxinifblia  iforJr.  -    826 

franqfurtensit  Roa.    835 

frttnoqfortielna  Mx.    335 

fraxinifiAia  Dum.      325 

frutetdrum  Bc»s.  -    827 

/i2»ca  Mcench         -    844 

giiilicaZ..      -       -    334 

glandnli/era  Roxb.  847 

glaUca  Lois.  -    339.  148 

glauceseent  Mer.  -    839 

glaucophylln  Eh. 329. 140 

glaucopkj/lla  Wiuch  340 

glutinosa  Sm.       -    839 

Sandiflbra  Lindl.     829 
atfert  Krok.       -    344 
Air/ve/fca  Hall.       -    337 
kemitpkof'rica  Her.  329 
herp€rkodon  Ehrh.    344 
heteropkJ/llaVioodi  336 
hibernica5m.       -    331 
Af»#VlaCurt.         -    329 
kolotericea  Rossig.    834 
kitmilis  Marsh.      -    825 
k//brida  VUl.        -    888 
h^strix  Lindl,      -    850 
iberica  5m.    -       -    339 
indicaL.       -       -    341 
indiea  Red.  -       -    348 
octmifiid/a  Red.     848 
Blalrii  D.  Don  -    SI3 
carophf  ilea  Red.    849 
cruenU  Red,      -    849 
flav^scens  -       -    348 
/rdgrans^ed.    -    849 
Fraseriina  Hort.   842 
Lawrencedna  Rd.  343 
longifblla  Z.tiuf/.    342 
NoisettiAna  Ser.     348 
Dlrea      -       -    349 
purpurea  Red.    342 
SmithU  .        -    849 
ochroleilca  B.  R.   343 
odoratlssima  Ld/.  342 
panndsa  Red.    -    349 
pQmilaXmd/.    -    849 
rikgA  LindL        -    343 
inirmi$  Mill.  Diet.   888 
inod5ra         -       -    838 
inyolucrftta  Roxb.  -    894 
involilu  Sm.         -    331 
kamtsch&tica  VenL   399 
kamtxch&tica  Red.    829 
KldkilArM.  -    839 

Levigdta  Mx.         -    349 
/o^cnawa  Vill.      -    398 
Lawrenceina  Swt.    843 
leucdniha  hieh.    -    841 
acuiifdlia  Bast  -    840 
Lindlejftna  Tratt.     894 
Lindldyi  Spreng.  -    896 
longiJbUa  Willd.  -    842 
mddafArA.         -    884 
Utcida  Jacq.  -       -    824 
IkridahjAr.         -    840 
liUea  Brot    -       -    329 
latea  27.  Don        -    888 
blcolor  Jacq.      -    838 
fl6re  pidno         -    838 
H6ggii  D.Don-    839 
punicea  Lindl.  -    888 
Bubriibra  Red.  -    838 
lut^cens  PttrjA   -    829 
macrophf  11a  L.    -    826 
mtiSilU  Aetz  '       -    887 
nu^dlis  Herm.      -    896 
mierfintha  Sm.     -    887 
mierocirpa  LittdL     850 
microphylla  Roxt,    883 
•n^wSm.    -       -    — 


1138 


GKNERAL   INDEX. 


wumunna  Bork.  -  iSs 
monspehaca  Goiun  329 
MoutezOniK  Humb.  339 
mocchdta  Mill.      -    347 

fldrepl^no  C.  D.  347 

nepcilensic  LintU.  M8 

nivea  /.i«d/.       -  348 

rdtfa  Scr.  -        -  34S 

muitiflbra  'Rcyn.  -  340 

multirlAra  Thunb.  34fj 
Buurnadltii  Hort.  347 

Grevlllui  Hort.  .  346 

mittica  Ft.  Dan.   -  327 

myriAC&nthaDrc-  330 

myrtifUia  Hall.     -  337 

nitens  Mer.    -        -  339 

niUUa  W.       .       -  325 

nifdiis  Donn         -  331 

niwea  Dec.    -        -  349 

nivea  Dupont        -  348 

odoratissima  Swt.  342 

op»otthttma  Ehrh.  347 

paliuiris  Biichan.  3?4 

parrtfoiia  Pall.      -  330 

parvia6ra  £ArA.    -  325 

•  flbre  pli^no  ^rrf.  326 

pimpiturllifblia  Bb.  329 

piatyphylia  Red.  -  346 

polynnikos  Rosslg.  333 

pomifera  llerm.    -  336 

ponip6nia  Red.      -  334 

provincihlit  Bleb.  -  330 

provincihtis  Mill.  -  3.13 

pnnicea  Mill.  Diet.  338 

rdmpans  Reyo.     -  344 

Kikpa  Aoxc    -        .  325 

Redutea  ru/eicent  325 

re/trns  Ginel.  -  344 

revcrsa  H-'.  *  ^.  -  330 

Roxhiirghii  Hon.  •  346 

rubella  .Sm.  -        -  331 

rubic6nda  H.1II.  fit.  340 

rubHT.lia  R.  Br.    -  340 

rubrifblia  HU.      -  340 

rubij^inbiia  L.        -  337 

niicraHtha  Ldl.  R  337 

inodbrn  \A\.  Ros.  338 

parvift<ira  Rou.  337 

rft^r^i  Lara.  -        -  334 

lUcida  Rmsig.       -  324 

rupestrls  Crantx  -  328 

Sablni  IViMtis        -  332 

Sab'mi  I.indl.         .  332 

salicifbiia  Hurt.    -  342 
•an^'iisorhitblia  Bon  329 

sarinenticea  <Vr/>/.  340 

icSndens  Mopnch  344 

scdnderu  Mill.  Diet.  346 

•emperf15renf  Curt.  343 

cartir n  •Ro%9.         -  341 

minima  Simt         -  343 

sentprrv'frtns  Ross.  344 

temp«'rvlren»  Z,.   -  345 

Clare!         -        -  346 

gloMsn  Red.       -  346 

srdfidrru  Dec.    -  346 

Russell iilna         -  346 

sentient  a  A  char.    -  339 

s^piiim  Tfmil.        -  3.37 

septum  Bortch.       -  340 

■eiicea  LiudL        -  344 

stfrpmst  Rhrh.        -  344 

Mmplu(f dlia  Sal.  -  352 

slnica  Ait.     -        .  349 

tinica  Lin.  Sjrst.    -  341 

soUiitiUlis  Bess.    -  340 

ipinotlssiraa  L.     -  330 

spirutfissima  Goiter  327 

macroph^lla  Ser.  329 

myrincantha  Ser.  330 

sanguisorbifdiia  329 

•oaTdolens  Pursh  339 

tuavifblia  Llghtf.  337 

•uftvl«  ffitfd.         -  828 

•ulphbrea  Ait.      -  329 

tyh&tica  Gater.    -  a34 
syMstris  H*a.  Dls.  344 


«f  styU  /7a/.  -  -344 
ot>a/a  Lindl.  Rot.  344 
stpi^a  De»r.  -  344 
tadrica  Bieb.  -  327 
teneriffinsii  Donn  3.'9 
temata  Poir.  -    349 

tomenlbsa  Sn* .       -    336 
tomentbsa  Liudl.  .    336 
trifolieUa  Bosc       -    349 
turbinAta  Ait.        -    335 
franeofurtiina  Ser.  335 
orhess^na  Ser.    -    335 
t4rgida  Pen.         -    325 
tuitatittftna  Gat.  -    336 
vdn'ans  Pohl         -    3S3 
Tillbta  Z.      -        -    3S6 
vitidta  Ehrh.         -    336 
mruinidna  Mill.    -    326 
WiUoni  Borr.       -    331 
Wo6dsii  LiJid/.     .    326 
Rose        .        -        -    321 
Rote  Acacia    -       -    236 
Rote  Bay        -        -    584 
Rote  Clare      -        -    346 
Rote  de  Meatu       -    334 
Rosemary        -        -    672 
Rota  Ruga     -        -    343 
Rose  Willow  -       -    747 
Rosmarinum  Cam.     603 
tylvfstre  Cam.       -    603 
offlciniUs  L.  -        -    672 
Rowan  Tree  -  430 

Rubiicec        -        -    544 
RQbus/,.        -   311.  1114 
affUiis  W.ifN.     .312 
bractedsus  Ser,  -    312 
cv'sius  L.     -       -    314 
arvenslB  Wallr.      815 
fdl.  varieg.  Hort,  315 
grandifl&nis  ^Ser.    315 
panrifblius  WaUr.2\h 
carpinir51iu9fr.^Ar.316 
cotl'tnm  Dec.  -    312 

cordiTdliut  V.  Don    319 
coryllfdlius  Sm.    -    315 
cinus  WaUr.      -    315 
glandul6su9  H^.  -    315 
coryiifdiiut  Wahl.     311 
delfci6sus  Torrey  -    319 
dlTersif^liiu  Lindl.  316 
dipcrtifblint  Weih.  316 
cchindtut  Lindl.    -    316 
flageUdris  Willd.  -    317 
frambottidnus  Lam.  313 
fruticbsus  L.  '816 

fbl.  variegitii    .    317 
A.  rftseo-pldno  B.  317 
leucoc&rpus  Srr.     317 
pompdnius  Ser.  -    316 
tadncuc  Hort.   >    317 
fusco-ater  FT.  ^  ^'.    316 
glandui^tus  ^Sm.    -    316 
glanduUmit  Spreng.  315 
hispidus  L.    -        -    SI7 
idflc'us  L.       -       '    313 
fr^ctun)groYi\\\.  313 
microphfUus  fPo/.  313 
japdnicut  L.  Mant.    298 
Ko'hleri  W.8(  S.-    316 
laciniiitus  FF.         -    814 
lasiocArpus /{o>y/<f  -  1115 
macropetalus  Doug.  319 
macrnph^lhis  fF.  ^A.316 
micrinthus  D.  Don  312 
nesttntii  Hall.      -    31 1 
nitidut  $m.   -        -    312 
nutkftnus  Moc.      -    318 
occidentdiis  L.      -    313 
ociidentdtit  Hort.      317 
odoritus  L.  -       -    317 
odordtut  Hort.      -    318 
paucifldrut  Lindl.     313 
pdllidut  W.  &  N.  -    316 
pticdtutVf.&S..    811 
pUcdtut  Bor.  B  B.  S.312 
procHtnbent  Miihl.     317 
rubifbliua  WlUd.  -    816 


rOdis  R^.  Jr  I'.       -    816 
specti[bilU  PA.      .    816 
suber^ctus  Judrr.     311 
tiliiiceus  Sm.         -    319 
trilobus  Dee.         -  1115 
trimidlis  Mx.  -       -    817 
virginidmui  Hort.      313 
Rdscus  £.       .       -1099 
acule4tui  L.  -       -  1099 
l&xus  Smith       -  1099 
rotimdifdlius     -  1099 
an^iustifbliut  Twx.  1100 
Hypogldscum        -  1100 
hjrpoph^llum  L.  -  1099 
trifoliiltum         -  1100 
latifblius  Touni.  -  1100 
lAtut  Lodd.  -       -  1099 
racembsus  L.       •  1101 
trifolidtus  UiW,    -  1100 
Salisbaria  Sm.        -    944 
adiandrdlia  Sin.    -    945 
Salicices       -       -    744 
Silix  L. .        -       .744 
acuminita  Sm.      -    773 
acutirblia  Willd.  -    748 
aegyptlaca  L.         -    789 
alaternoldes  P.      -    769 
alba  Koch    -       -    761 
&lba  L.  -       -       .    761 
ccrdlea     -       -    761 
crispa  Hort       -    761 
r6sea  Lodrf.       -    761 
alpina  Forbes        -    789 
ambtgua        -       -    768 
ambigua  Hook.     -    769 
ambfgua  Ekrk.     -    768 
mikjor         •       ••    768 
spathuUta-       -    768 
unduUta    -       -    76B 
Tulg&ris      -       -    768 
amfrhtaWaWi,     -    758 
Ammannidna        -    782 
amygd^lina  L.      >    752 
amygdAlina  -       -    751 
amygdSlina  -       •    758 
var.  Koi-h  -       -    752 
Andersoniilna       -    779 
andrdgyna  Hoppe     752 
angtutata  PurtJk  -    764 
angustifdlia  Borr.     766 
anguttifblia  Poir.      771 
annuldrit  Forbes  >    758 
Ansoniina  F.        -    779 
appmdiculdta  Fl.  D.  770 
aqujitica  Smith      -    776 
ardbica^  ^v.  Bauh.     757 
arbiscula  Sm.       -    766 
arb^iteula  Wahlen.    781 
arbHscula  WahL  >    783 
arhiitcuia  Wahl.  -    789 
arbuHfbUa  Willd.     787 
arendrial,.   -       -    771 
armdria  Fl.  Dan.     770 
arghttea        -       -    767 
atropurpdrea        -    778 
atroTlrens  Porba  -    789 
aurlta  Z,.        -       -    776 
austrilis  Forbet    -    778 
babyl6nica     -       -    757 
erf  spa  Hort       -    756 
Napoledna  -       .    758 
▼ulgaris  foe'm.  JSr.  759 
berberifblia  A'atf..    790 
betulifblia  Porbet     787 
bicolor  Hook.        -    781 
blcolor  Sm.    -       -    78.1 
bicolor  £*rA.        -    784 
bigifmmii  HoAn.  -    749 
Bonpiandiina       -    764 
Borreriina  Sm.    •    783 
eterOlea  Sm.  -       -    761 
c«*8ia  Fill    -       -785 
Candida  IVilld.      .    771 
can6scens  Willd.  -    771 
c&prea  L.      -       -    776 
carindta  SmiM       .    785 
earolirUdna  Mx.   -    768 


•» 


carpinlfbtU  Sol. 

ctmirea  Hoat         -    7-0 

dndrem  Z..     -       -    TTT 

chairea  rmr.  -       -    77W 

couflSnnU  florio  -    764 

om-d&ta  JITiiMa.  -   7« 

oordif  MU  Pmr^  -  7m 

oori^cea  Forhet     -  T% 

cotinif  61ia  Smt.      -  7t% 

craaslfMia  ibn6es  -  TTI 

crispa  Forbe%         -  7% 

Crovreiaa  SmUtk  >    "M 

cmapnidta  Seh.      -    7&4 

damascdna  P.       -    739 

dattuMseem^biim  AimL7«9 

daphnoldes  TiS.    -    749 

DaTalUlaa  Sm.     -    79 

docfpiens  Ht^0m.  >    7M 

decumbens  Furbet     76S 

Dicks4xiUna  iaa.  -    7M 

diicolor  J/iUW.       -    TM 

Doniana  SmaEA      -    TBI 

dCira  /WAt-*  -        -    779 

Ehrhartidmm  Sm.  -    7M 

elsagnoldea  Sdh.  -    770 

tUgans  B«as.  -    78S 

ybr'/NtoSm.    -        -    TS? 

falciu  i>airs4         -    7<0 

femiyelnea  ^aitf.    .    771 

finmlrrhica  W,     .    TO 

firma  Forbes  .    779 

JUsa  Lin.  Sor.       -    T4i 

Jlanb^ndm  Foriws      TM 

Forbesiina    .        .    Ttf 

Fitrbesii  Swt.         .    7M 

Forby^na  Sim.        .    T4S 

Forstertikna  S^ss.    -    779 

JtigOis  Koch      73«.  79 

fi^gilta  Z,.      -         .79 

jydgilis  Woods       -    7<B 

Itisra  L,         .        .    7«7 

argfntea     -        -    767 

foe^tida       -        -    767 

incubAcea  -        >    7C7 

prourAU    •        -    7S7 

rdpens        -        .    79 

vulgiria      -        -    7C? 

fuscita  PursJk        .    7S 

gemhiAta  F^bet    -    77S 

gLauca  Z..       -        -    770 

gLUica  Koch  >         .    779 

gnsea  l^tlML  -    755 

grisea  Wittd.  .    7«5 

wubgUtbrdIa  Kocfa  7» 

grisonensis  F.         -    7*1 

KisophfUaFl        -    77* 
9ldta  Willd.        .    7^ 
haatAta  L.     -        -    7'*'* 
arlMiscula  -        .    7»6 
maliidtia    -        -    79 
serrulAta    -        -    7^9 
b^ixZr.         -        -    747 
bdvetica  Forbn    -    779 
berbAceaZr.  -        .788 
keteropk^Ua  Most,      718 
Aer^arfra.Bhrfa.    -    7M 
ktppapka^bUa\jo^'S& 
hippophaefbUa  T.     751 
hirtaSffifiA    -        -    778 
Uria  Forbea  .    77S 

Hcyflmanniina  S.  •    733 
holo«erfc«i  Hk.     -    772 
Houstoniftna  P.    •    768 
Humboldtiana       •    764 
kbrnalit  Schl.         .    7« 
incAna  Sckr. .        -    771 
Tar.  linearis  Bor.   771 
lncan6«ceQt  r  Sc,  -    778 
nscuMcra      .        -    TCT 
Kitaibetiina  IT.    .    TV 
lardstris  iWAe*    -    778 
40'iwHook..       .    Tfff 
lambertiAna  Sm.  •    747 
lanitaZ.  .79 

Umceolita  Sm.  >  70 
lOMOCoMteSer.  •  771 
Ijapp6naB  Im 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


1159 


Pan* 

UUfbMA  Forbes     -    776 
Ui^TiQM  Sniilk        -    783 
iavaruiui^oiialap.  771 
laxifldra  Borr.       -    782 
linearis  Forbes      -    77a 
longir61ia  Lam.    -    772 
mcida  JtfiMAfM^.    -    7'Vl 
Ly6aii?^A/.        -    765 
macrostipuUeea    -    773 
Meveri^na  mUd.  -  '  7M 
MichelUna  Forbes     772 
mollbsiina  Ehrh.  -    772 
mondndra  Sal.Wob.  747 
tar.  Hotttn.       -    747 
monspeUeiKis  F,  -    760 
monulna  Forbes    •    7&9 
ftliihlenbergiina  -    766 
muUibilis  Forbes  -    776 
Hyrsinlies  L.        -    787 
MffTsiniUs  /8  Sm.  -    787 
my rtil lollies  L.     -    7b6 
myrtiUdidcs  WiUd.   785 
nigra  .ViiA/.  -       -    7(»3 
nigricans  Smith     ~    778 
nltens  Anders.      -    784 
obo%-:ita  Pursh      -    771 
obtu<i(61ia  ^ftftf.      771 
oleitlbliii  Smith       -    776 
opposttijolia  Host      747 
orient  alls,  4*.  Tour.  7ft7 
pallida  Forbes       -    773 
pannosa  Forbes     -    773 
patens  Forbes         -    783 
p<Hiicfllaris  /»A.     -    786 
pSndultt  Ser.         -    760 
pennsylvaiiica  7*.  -    766 
pentdndra  Koch    -    754 
pentiindra  Walt.  •    768 
penttin  ra  ^  Lin.  -    754 
peiitfindra  L.         ~    754 
herniaphrodUica    754 
petiularis  Smith     -    765 
petrip'a  Ander.     -    781 
phillvreifblia  ^.    -    784 
phyrinfulia  Lin.    -    783 
phylicijvlia  Lin.   -    779 
phyticifoUa  /3  Lin.     778 
»«r.  Koch  -       -    778 
var.  Koch  -        -    779 
p  eta  Sohl.    -       -    778 
planifoiiaPA.        -    78<j 
polaria  IViihUtA.  -    7HS 
poiTiiMunic.'i  WiUd.     749 
Foiitt-deraiia  W.   -    773 
Fohituirne  Bell.    -    773 
pru-'cox  Hupfie      -    749 
prinoiiU's  Pursh    -    764 
pri>cun)i)eu.s  For.  -    787 
prujitjulia  Koch    -    785 
pruniVbliH  Smith   -    785 
propitidetts  .Sering.    757 
propiuqua  Bor.     -    781 
prostrdta  Sm.       -    767 
prostrdta  Ehrh.    -    785 
protcacfblla  ScA.   -    769 
purpiirea  L.  *       -    746 
purpurea  Koch     -    746 
pwrpwri'a  /j  Koch  -    747 
purpdr^a  var.  Koch  747 
Pursh i^na  Bor.     -    761 
pyrenillca  6'cm.     -    771 
radlcans  Smith      -    783 
ramlfusca  Forbes  -    783 
reflexa  Forbes       -    765 
repeus  Lin.  -        -    767 
ripens  Hooic.        -    767 
repens  Koch  -    767 

reticulata  L.  -  769 
retilsa  L.  -  -  787 
rethsa  Koch  -    787 

rrtMJfl  With.  -    787 

rigida  A/iM/.  -  -  764 
ri^rirt  Willd.  -  771 
rlvulkri*  Forb.  -  778 
rosmarinifMia  L.  -  766 
ro^marinifulia  G.  771 
rosmaritujiMa  K.      706 


Pane 
«Koch  .  -  666 
rotundita  Irb.  -  779 
rotundtfbtia  Hort.  779 
rClbra  Muds.  -  -  748 
rkbra  Koch  -    748 

rUens  Schr.  -    760 

rup^stris  Don  -  711 
Ru«selll&na  5m.  -  760 
Schleicherikna  -  782 
serlcea  ViUars  -  770 
serpyUifbUa  Jacq.  787 
lerpyllifblia  Sco.  -  787 
Smitbikna  >F/^.  -  772 
s6rdida  Forb.  -  782 
spadicea  Vlll.  -  778 
sphacelata  Sm.  -  777 
spathuidta  Wim.-  768 
spathuidta  Willd.  -  76:i 
var.  undutdta  Meet.  769 
•tlpuldris  .S'mi/A  -  772 
fttrepid.1  Forb.  -  7h2 
Stuartiana  Sm.  -  771 
subalplna  F.  -  -  771 
tenuifdllaZ..  .  781 
ienuifblia  Eng.  B.  781 
tenuifbUa  Sm.  -  784 
tenCkior  Barter  -  782 
tetr&nira\i\\\d..  •  754 
tetrapla  5mi'/A  -  783 
tetraap^rma  B.  -  790 
thtctdria  Sm.  -  754 
triandra  Hoff.  -  752 
triandra\i\\.  -  752 
trUodra  L.   •       -    751 

f silica  -  -  752 
loppeina  -  -  752 
triandra  unduliu  752 
tristis  Lodd.  -  -  765 
ulmifblia  Forbes  -  790 
undulAta  Koch  -  749 
lanceoluu  Sm.  -  751 
undul&u  Forbes  751 
ITva-ursi  Pursh  -  787 
vacciinlfblia  W.  -  7H5 
▼audt^nsls  For.  -  778 
▼enuldsa  Smith  -  785 
versicolor  F.  -  769 
versifolia  Sering.  -  768 
VlllarsULna  F/Hg.  -  752 
vill6»a  Forbes  -  790 
vimimUisfV/^  .  771 
viminiliiL.-  .  772 
violdcea  Andr.  -  748 
Tir6scens  Forbes  -  765 
Tlrgata  Forbes  -  765 
Hridis  Fries  -    760 

ritelllnaX.  -       -    763 
vuigdris  Clayt.     -    768 
WaldsteiniAna  W.     771 
Weigeliina  £or.   -    783 
Willdenoviina      -    77S 
Woolgariina  Bor,     747 
WulfenlAna  5m.    -    783 
Sallow    -       -       -    773 
Sallow  Thorn        -    698 
Salsbia  Bieb.  -        -    676 
frutic6sa  Bieb.      -    675 
fruticbsa  Lin.        -    675 
Silvia  I,.        -        -    673 
officinalis  L.         -    673 
Salt  Tree       -       -    242 
SaltzwcdeliaFlVfett  211 
j(^f//a/r<FI.Wett.    211 
Samarian  Ebn       -    143 
SambQcea;     -    513.1116 
SambClcus  Toum.  -    513 
aqu&tica  Bauh.     -    522 
canadiusis  L.        •    515 
cerv'tni  Tabem.    -    515 
lacinidta  Mill.       -    514 
Monstrbsa  lioit.   -    614 
montcLna  Cam.      -    515 
nigra  L.        -       -    513 
fbl.  arggntels     -    514 
Idteis      .       -    514 
laciniau     -       -    514 
leucodkrpa        -    514 


monatrftu  - 
rotundifblia 
▼ir^scens  Dee. 

pubtscens  Lo.  C. 

pClbens  Mx. 


614 
614 
514 
516 
616 


heptaph^Ila/foolr.  516 
racemdsa  Hook.  -  516 
racembsa  L.  -    515 

lacinl&ta  ATorA  -    515 
Sanamiinda  Bauh.  -    689 
gidbra  Bauh.        -    689 
Santalicec     -        -    693 
Santollna  Toum.   •    548 
ChamaccyparissusL.  549 
rosmarinifblia  L.  -    549 
•quarr6M  W.        -    549 
Tiridis  ff.     -        -    549 
SapindAces     -       -    134 
Sapindus  L.  fll.      -    135 
chininsis  L.  fll.     -    135 
Sapotaceoe      -        -    622 
Sarothamnus  pitens    219 
SarsaparUla    -       -  1095 
Sassafras         -       -683 
Savin      -        -        .  1085 
SaxiMLges     .       .    492 
Scampston  Elm      -    723 
Schmus  R.  Rep.     -    193 
dentdta  R.  Rep.    -    193 
depindens  Ort.     -    192 
Schmabkia  Desv.    -     191 
Schubirtia  Mirb.    -  1078 
duticha  Mirb.        -  1078 
Scdrpius  Moench     -    207 
spindsus  Moench  •    207 
Scotch  Ebn     -       -    720 
Scotch  Fir       -       -    951 
Scotch  Laburnum  -    215 
Scotch  Pine   -       -    951 
Scotch  Bose     -       -330 
Sea  Buckthorn       -    698 
Sea  Grape      -       -    937 
Sea  Purslane  -       -    676 
Sea  Ragwort  -       -651 
Seodcio  Less.         -    550 
arboriscens  H.  K.     647 
Clnerkria  Dec.      -    561 
5««c//Bauh.    -        .    495 
tethiApicum  Bauh.     495 
fr^dejt  Mor.  -        -    495 
Seven  Sisiert  Rose      346 
Shell  Bark  Hickory    739 
Shephdrdia  iVii/J.  -    710 
argentea  Nutt.     -    700 
canadensis  UuU.  -    708 
Shrubby  Horsetail      937 
Shrubby  Trefoil  143.319 
Siberian  C^ab         >    426 
Siberian  Pea  Tree  -    237 
Siberian  Stone  Pine  1016 
Sider6xylon  Hoem.      692 
chrffSophyUoides  Mx.  624 
to^vf  Walt.  -        -    623 
lanuginbsttm  Mx.  -    624 
^cioWs  DuH.     -    623 
reclMdtum  Mx.    -    60 
sericeum  Walt     -    624 
spindsum  L-  -        -    622 
tenojt  L.  Mant.      -    624 
t^nar  Wall.  -        -    624 
Siliqudsirum  Moench  257 
orbicuidtum  Moench  257 
eorddtum  Moench  -    258 
Silver  Fir       -        -  1036 
Sir  C.  Wager's  Mmle    90 
Stoe  Thorn     -       -    271 
Smil&ceaB        -        -  1093 
Smllax  L.      -        -  1094 
ilba  Pursh    -        -  1098 
alplna  fV.      ~       .  1098 
altera  Plum.         -  1096 
hspera  Alp.  -        -  1094 
fcspera  L.       •        -  1094 
auricul&ta  Ait,  -  1094 
roauritanica       -  1094 
ispera  minor  Plum .  1 096 
Aspera  var.  Lam.  -  1095 


Put 

Bbna-n6xL.  -  1097 
B^na-nojt  Mx.  -  1095 
Brybnut  nigra  Cat.  1096 
cadilca/^.  -  -  1097 
caUlfinica  Poir.  -  1098 
China!,.  .  .  1096 
China  Walt.  -  -  1095 
excclsaL.  .  -  1094 
glailca5<mi  -  1097 

glaUca  Mx.    .        .  1095 
hast&u  Wil/d.       -  1095 
ianceolata  Arb.B.  1099 
h6rrida  De^f.        -  1098 
i4e'pis  Catesb.        -  1096 
Ianceolata  L.         -  1098 
latifblia  B.  Br.      -  1097 
laurifdlia  L.  -       -  1096 
longifblia  Wats.    -  1095 
macioph^Ua  Koxb.  1098 
macul&ta  AoxA.     -  1096 
maurttanica  Poir.    1094 
nigra  W.       -        .  1098 
non-spinbsa  Cat.   -  1096 
orienliUUToxxxTi.  -  1094 
ovdU  Pursh  -       -  1098 
pandur&U  Pursh  -  1098 
perttvidna  Sanap.    1095 
pObera  WiUd.        -  1098 
pUmUa  Walt.        -  1098 
quadrangiiUris      -  1097 
rotundifblia  L.      -  1096 
rabeus  Watt.        -  ]094 
SarsaparUla  Z..     -  1095 
taranoides  L.        -  1096 
variegdta  Walt.    -  1096 
VilldndsU //am.  -  1098 
virginiAna  MiU.    -  1098 
Walterii  Pursh    -  109.' 
Wfctsoni  Swt.        -  109.* 
Snake-barked  Maple    81 
Snowball  Tree        -    523 
Snowdrop  Tree      -    620 
Snowberry     -        -    542 
Snowy  Mespihu     -    412 
Solanilces      -       .1117 
Solanum  Town.     -    663 
crlspum  R.  et  S.    -    664 
Dulcamara  L.       -    664 
vlolicea  H.  Eust.  •    664 
iilbu  Z,m.       .       .    664 
cornea  (kls.  -    664 

pldna  Toum.  •  664 
varleg&ta  Afun/.  -  664 
hirsau  Don  .    664 

rupestris  Schmidt  -    664 
littordle  Hort.        -    664 
scandens  Neck.     -    664 
Soph6ra /{.  ^r.  195.  1114 
heptaph^lia  L.      •    197 
jap6nicaZ..    -       -    196 
grandifl6ra         -  1114 
p^ndula  Hort.         196 
pub^Ecens  j9.     -  1114 
variegata  Hort.  -    196 
sinica  Rosser  J. P.     196 
5tfrfriwCrantz        -    412 
Jmelanchirr  Crantt  412 
americdna  Ph.    192. 440 
americdna  /3  Mx.  -    440 
AWia  Crants         -    432 
aucupdria  L.  Sp.       439 
aucupdria  «  Mx.  -    441 
auriculdla  Pers.   -    438 
ChamiPwSspiius  C.    449 
dome'stica  L.  -    442 

hgbriaa  L.     -       -    438 
hjfbrida  pindula  L.   439 
lauuginOia  Kit.     -    443 
tatifblia  Vert.       -    434 
micrdntha  Dum.  -    441 
microcdrpa  Ph.     -    441 
spHria  Pen.  -       -    444 
tormindiis  Crants      436 
ve«/l/a  Lodd.  Cat.  -    436 
Southernwood        -    660 
South  Sea  Tree      -    162 
Spaoish  Broom 


1160 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


912 


Spanish  Chestnut 

Spanish  Furze        -  207 

Spartidnihtis  Moench  202 

jUnceus  Mccnch     -  202 

Sp4rtium  Dec.        -  202 

acutifblium  Liadl.  202 

ettninse  Biv.  -  209 

album  Desf.  -  213 

aphuUum  L.  fli.     -  208 

cap'ttdium  C«v.      -  20ft 

complicdtum  G.     -  228 

compiicdtum  I^is.-  228 

ttispfrmum  Misnch  213 

grandiflbrum  IJrot.  219 

korridum  Vahl      -  20C 

inin-rHptum  Cav.  -  206 

junceum  L.  -        -  202 

fl6re  pidno         -  202 

odoratissimum  -  202 

lanigerutn  Desf.   -  221 

monosp^rmum  L.  208 

muUiftbrum  Ait.  -  213 

odoratttstmum  D.D.  202 

parvijlbrum  Vent.  203 

patens  Lin.  Sys.    -  219 

pa^rtwCar.  -        -  204 

proc&mJbcns  idjif\. '  212 

pHr^ansl..  Syu.    -  208 

radiiUum  L.  Sp.  -  2(;5 

Sctpdrium  L.  Sp.-  219 

Scorpius  L.  Sp.    -  206 

sphttTocarpon  L.  -  209 

spinbttim  L.  Sp.  -  220 

trispirmum  Sni.  -  209 

umoellcilum  Desf.  205 

viUbsum  Brot.        -  221 

Spindle  Tree  -        -  149 

Spirwdae-        -  297.  1114 

Spirw^a/..     -    299.1114 

«cuti[T>lia  Lod.  CoU.  :i04 

aciit(fb/ia  VVilld.  -  304 

adiantif^lia  ^or^  -  306 

alba  Ehrh.    -        -  307 

alpistris  Don' iUiW.  307 

alpina  7,ori.  Coil.  -  ^04 

alplnaPfl//.  -        -  303 

alp'tna  Hort.  Par.  301 

Uitifblia      -        -  305 

a//a»ca  Pall.-        -  309 

altdicinsis  I.ax.    -  309 

ambigua  Pall.       -  304 

aqttiUrgi/blia  Pall.-  3a5 

ari»fi>lia  .St«»/A     -  309 

argcntea  Hort.       -  305 

arpentpa  Lod.  CoU.  304 

h^\\a.Sims     -        -  30G 

betulo'l'Mia  ZrMf.   -  303 

bftula;f6lia  P.       -  302 

cana  PV.  et  K.       -  302 

canadensis    -        -  808 

ctnSsceus  Don      -  305 

cantontinsis  Lour.  300 

capiUraPA.  -        -  300 

cariiinlR>lia   -        -  302 

carplnifi'lia    -        -  308 

carpinifbUn  Willd.  307 

cennctthilTilia  Hort.  305 

ciiaracedrirblia       -  308 

ehaina?firtjblitt  Jncq.  301 

chamrodrlfdlia  L.  -  300 

incl*a  Hort.        -  301 

lafijblta  Hort.    -  301 

roMia  Ph.  -        -  300 

ublonjjifblia  C  M.  301 

8ubrHccTn6sa  Ser.  301 

vulgaris  C.  M.   -  300 

cratwRifMia  /,.      -  302 

cratj-gi/blta  Lk.    -  309 

crencUn  in  Lilt.    -  304 

crenctta  L.    -        _  303 

crmata  L.  Sp,      -  304 

crendfa  Pall.  -  304 

cort/tufjdsa  Rafin.  -  302 

soniria       -        -  306 

cune^ira  Lnrf.  Colt.  304 

cuneifolia  iKatt.    -  305 


dJixXTlcn  Hort.       -  3^ 
dertimbens  Ld.  CoU.  304 

Dougl^ii  Hook  >  308 
nuALiTuU.    •        -1114 

flexudsa  Fi«.  -        -  301 

latifblia  tfor/.    -  302 

friitex  Hort.  -        -  307 

grandifibra  Lod.  -  308 

5rand{ftbra  Sytt.   -  309 

ypericifbUa  C.  M.  303 
hi/pericffblia  L.  Sp.  ^'4 

hypericifblia  Dec.  303 

acClta  Ser.  -        -  304 

Bcsseriina  Sir.  -  304 

cren&ta  Ser.  -  304 
jMva  longifblia  Ld.304 
PlukipeUana  Ser.  304 

tavranica  ^er.    -  304 

uralentic  Ser.    -  303 

IncaFnAU       -        -  308 

inflexa  H.S.G.    -  304 

Japdnica  Camb.    -  29x 
lanceoldca  Porr.    -1114 

laciniau        -        -  308 

Ixvigata  L.  -       -  309 

lanceoUU      -       -  308 

laxiSbra  Lindl.     -  306 

Lindlev^na  tt'aU.-  310 

Menzidsii  Hook     -  30h 

mon6Ryna  Torrey  300 

nina  Lod.  CoU.     -  304 
oblongifblia  W.etK.  301 

obovdia  Haf.  -        -  307 

obovdta  W.  et  K.  -  304 

obovi^ta  IVendl.     -  .304 

opulifblia  L.  -        -  299 

momSgyna  -        -  300 

tomentella  Ser.  -  300 

vnr.  Hoolc  -         -  300 
PaUdsii  Don's  Mill.  309 

pikowi£>nsis  Bes.  -  305 

^mn<i//i  Mcench    -  309 
Reevesidna  Hort. '  1114 

refl^xa  -        -        .  308 

rotundifblia /JfuiiL  1114 

lalicifblia  L.         -  307 

alpestris  PoZ/.    -  307 

camea  Ait.        -  307 

grandifibra         -  308 

latifftlia  mUd.  -  307 

panicul&ta  mUd.  307 

Udrica       -        -  308 

savrdntca  Bess.    -  304 

sibirica  Hort.        -  301 

sibirica  Hort.  Par.  304 

iorblfftlia  L.          -  309 

alpina  Pall.       -  3(9 

sorbria  Pen.  -        -  306 

taitrica  Hort.         .  308 

thalictroldes  PaU.  Wh 

tomentbsa  L.         -  308 

trilobaU  L.  -        -  303 

r*//oAtf  Don's  Mill.  303 

uiin(fnlia       -        -  302 

ulmlfblia  Sro;».      -  .301 

phyll£ntha  Str.  -  301 

urticaeftlla    -        -  308 
vacciniifdlia  D.  Don  306 

Sp6r\\n  H.  ct  B.      -  1117 

can^scens  H.  ^  B.  1117 

Spurge  Laurel       -  688 

Spruce  Fir     -        -  1025 

Stshellna  L.-        -  546 

dilbiaX.        -        -  546 
rormarini/blia  Cast.  546 

Staff  Tree      -        -  154 
Stag's-hom  Sumach   187 

StaohylcJlceiB  -        -  147 

StaphyldaL.  -        -  147 

pinni^UL.     -        -  148 

trIlbliaL.      -        -  148 
Staphj/lodendron  Ray  148 

pmnhtftm  Ray       -  148 

Star  <tf  Bethlehem  -  74 

Staur acanthus  Lk.  202 

aphi/Uus  Lk.         -  202 


Pace 

Stere6xylon  R.  &  P.  491 

puioerulintum      -  491 

resinbsum  R.  &  P.  491 

riibrum  R.  &  P.    -  490 

Steudrtia  Mill.       -  71 

Malachodihtdron   71.72 

Stinking  Cedar       -  944 

StilUngla  Grtrrf.      -  702 

ligtlstrina  mild.  -  702 

St.  John's  Wort     -  74 

Stonecrop  Tree       -  975 

Stgne  Pine     -       -  665 

Storax    «       -       -618 

Stranvs^tla  hindl.  -  403 

glaucescens  Lindl.  409 

Strawberry  Tree   -  573 

St.  Peter's  Wort    -  541 

Stu^rtia  Cav.  -       -  72 

tnarilandica  B.  Rep.   72 

pentastftta  L'H6rit.  71 

virginica  Cav.       -  72 

Sluntp  Tree    -        -  2-55 

Strrac«ae         -       -  618 

Stvrax  L.       -       -  618 

J' certs  folio  Ray  -  932 

antericuHum  Lam.  619 

gldltrum  Cav.        -  619 

grandtjibrum  Mx.  618 

grandifblium  Ait.  -  618 

l.e've  Walt.  -        -  619 

Isvig&tuin  Ait.      -  619 

Uepigdtum  Bot.  Mg.  619 

octdwdrum  L'Her.  619 

officinale  L.-w       -  618 

q/?fn«a/r  Walt.     -  618 

pulverul^ntum  Mx.  619 

Suaeda  Pall.  -        -  675 

inicrophylta  Pall.  -  675 

Stlber  Bauh.   -        -  884 

lutiJbUum  Bauh.   -  884 

angusttjblium  Bauh.  884 

Sugar  Maple  -       -  85 

Sumach  -        -       -  186 

Sun  Rose       -       -  58 

Supplejack   -        -  170 

Sweet  Almond       -  261 

Sweet  Bay      -       -  681 

Street  Briar    -       -  337 

Sweet  Chestnut      -  912 

Sweet  Gale     -        -  934 

Sycamore        -        -  86 

Sycatnore        -        -  931 

Symphbria  Pers.    -  Ml 

cottglomcrdta  Pers.  541 

elon^dta  Presl       -  542 

glaucfscens  D.'s  M.  542 

gfomerdta  Ph.      -  542 

heti'rophylla  Presl  542 

leucocdrpa.  Hort.  -  542 

montdna  Spr.        -  ^  542 

racrmdsa  Ph.        -  *542 

Symphoricirpos  DiU.  ."Vll 

roont&nus  Huitih.-  542 

occidentiLlis  Rich.  542 

parviflbrus  Desf.  -  542 

puniccus  Swt.        -  536 

raceindsus  Mx.     -  .541 

vulgaris  .Vjr.          -  541 

fdl.  variegilUs    -  542 

Syringe*         -        -  635 

Sf/ringa  -        -        -  460 

Syringa  /.,.     -        -  635 

capitata  Gmcl.     -  637 

chinSnsis  Willd.   -  ^37 

dilbia  Per*.  -        -  637 

Em6dl  »'alL         -  638 

indica  Wall.-       -  1117 

Josiks^a  Jacq.      -  637 

tnedia  Dum.  -       -  637 

inodbra  Moench    -  461 

persica  L.     -        -  637 

Alba  T.odd.  Cat.  -  637 

laciniilU  Lod.  C.  637 

salTifi>Ua  Lod.  C.  637 

plena  L.  C.  -        -  636 

sibirica  Hort        -  637 


rotbonia^^ii»|}  Kern    63B 
!^ani^ln»  Atrt.     &i 
Tulg^ru  L.   -      -    6S6 
iJba    -        .      •    «K 
&lba  mikjor  L.  C  @5 
«     ilha  plena  -       •   <3S 
c»rulea  Cius.   -  ^36 
rtibra  L.  C.       -  O 
rilbra  major  L.C  Q( 
vioUrea  C«r(.    -  <B 
Tacamahac  Tree  -   91 
Taroaricace*  -       -   4^ 
TawMirurau  AIL     -    436 
dt'cdndruf  Laa.   -    4^ 
goilieus  AIL  -        -    4« 
germantcus  Lob=  -    45d 
ptntl^jMlirtu  Lasn.-    AM 
Timarix  Dm.       -    iS« 
dahStrica  W.  -        -    4S 
drcAiu/rn  McBoch  -    4-19 
galliea  2^.       -        -    A-l-^ 
gfttnanica  L.  Sp.      A-'iA 
narbontnsis  Lcrt).  -    4i^ 
Tamari>k        -        -    V'^ 
Tar/.  Hvm^^smckie-    531 
Taxkcec         -        -    *Oi 
T&xusX.        .        -    939 
bacciuZ,.     -        -    Sa» 
erecta  -        -    S«!) 

£utJgi:(Ca    -        -    939 
fbliis  vart^racif  L^  9iD 
fructu  IQteo       -    ^f4i) 
mmor  Michx,    -    94i 
pronimbeos        -    $4*1 
-    sparaifblia  H»rt.     **m 
canadensis  ff.        -    94) 
fastigtiita  IJndl.    -     99 
ffiobOsa  Seht.  ~    9ts 

Harringtooia  A'i«.  942 
hibM^uca  H>x»k  -  9^ 
Inukdja  Kmgkt  -  943 
Lambertidna  Wall.  1033 
Markk>  i  Pm.  Wob.  942 
macrophyiln  Thoob  i*4j 
montdna  Nutt.  -  ifH 
procimbens  IjoA.  -  *>4I» 
Taxtfdium  R.  -  1077 

dlstichum  R^ch.  -  IOTh 
exc«lsum  AxiCA  1(7<4 
nil  tans  -  -  l«*< 
pit^ns  Ait.  -   ifC* 

pendulum  -   uC*t 

»inte»e       -        -  li«7H 
penduhtm  LoikI.  I  ('7s 
sempervirens  Loot.  M^ 
sinMsr  Ni»is.  -  IiC* 

pendulum  -        -  KC^ 
Ten-seented  Rote    -     :Mi 
T6coma  Jbm.         -     661 
grand!  fiOra  -fapf.    -    ^'«1 
radlcanf  Jnss.       -    OTii 
mikjor  Hort.  -     661 

TVwona  Spreng.     -    49^5 
fruticbta  Spreng.  -    495 
Terebtnthtis  Tourn.    1-*^ 
vuigdris  Tuum.    -    Its^ 
Tenistroniiact^ff     -      71 
Tkertndpsis  D.  Don     1» 
labum^Jbiia  D.  DoQ  11^ 
Thorn*  -        -        -    V>Z 
Thorm/  Acacia        -    '1-X> 
ThOJaL.        -        -  inM 
chii^sis  l^mb.    -  I  v.  9 

doiabr^ta  L.  -  1071 

fiUr6rmis  Lotf.       -  1071 

occident4Iii^  L.      -  109* 

yWw  nariegdtis  -  IftS 

varienUa  Marsh,  l^ 

orientlits  L,  -  ItS* 

ftrlcta  Horl.       -  J«9 

Utirica  /xxf.      -  1S<6 

pimlala  I.«wi.      -  1*71 

p^nsllis  L.     '        •  H71 

pUcdU  ZkM»  -        -  1» 

pyramidd/is  Baian.  199 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


1)01 


jpAer^AUIb  Rich.  1074 

tatSrioa  Lod.        -  1070 

Tkeonkraati  Btoih.  106H 

fVaredna  Booth  -  1070 

ThjineliceK     686.1117 

7%iiir^*aGron.V.  69a 

Lawrioia  Scop.    -  688 

JVkvrsSnikut  EHUot  M9 

fruUsccm  Elliot  -  949 

TigdreaVh.  .       -  297 

iridentdta  Ph.       -  S97 

TiliAoea         •       -  63 

TlliaX.          .       -  68 

&1ba  IV.  ^K.        -  67 

alba  Mx.      .       .  69 

americdna  Da  Roi  67 

americina  L.        -  6R 

ilba   ...  69 

heternphflla      •  69 

pubesci'Ds  -       -  69 

argetUea  De»(.      -  67 

argencea       .       .  67 

aspUnifhlia  nitva  U.    66 

ciinadensis  Mx.     >  68 

earolintina  Wang.  68 

eordiiina  H.  K.     •  66 

corddta  Mill.        -  64 

eordifblia  Beu.     -  64 

cormihiaca  Boac  -  66 

ooryllfbUa     .       •  67 

europe'a  L.  -       -  68 

europc^a  Sm.       -  67 

mtrapit^a  Desf.     •  64 

boredlis  VfMhl.    -  68 

grandifbUa        •  64 

atirea      .       .  66 

iatermMia        -  65 

lacini&U    .       .  65 

parvif  51ia  -       .  64 

adrea     .       .  66 

nlbra         •       >  66 

grandifdlla  Sm,     -  67 

grandiJbUa    -       -  64 

fraiMit^/aSin.E.FL  66 

Jiibra  Vent,  Dec.  68 

fteropk6tta  Vent  69 

IntermMOa    -       •  67 

mtermedia  Dec.  .  63 

intermidla  Hayne  65 

14te  bracte&ta       >  67 

lakifidra  Purth     -  69 

leptopbflla  Veni.  -  71 

fnicr»ph(fUa  Vent  -  64 

muULbilU       •        -  67 

obllqua         .       .  67 

parvifblia  5m.       -  67 

parvifoUa  Ehrh.   -  64 

piatyphfUa  Scop.  >  64 

iacirudta  Hort  -  65* 

minor  H.   •       -  65 

pne'cox         -        -  67 

pubisi'tiu  Ait.       -  GO 

pyrainid&lig  -        .  67 

rotuudifblia  Vent  67 

Sffipfstnt  Dctf.      -  64 

teiiuiltylia       -        •  67 

tomentdsa  Moench  67 

vUmifUia  Scop.     -  64 

TitlfdIU         -        .  67 

vulgdriM  Hayne    -  G3 

ThMM  Bork.  -        -  518 

laurifbUa  Bork.    -  51G 

Tootiiache  Tree    -  14*2 

Torr*va  Am.         -  944 

taxifblia  ilm.        ■  944 

Toxicodhutron'^xW.  191 

crendhtm  Mill.     -  1 91 

T6xif ton  RaAn.       -  711 

Tngmfrum  Bieb.  -  <7S 

buxiloLum  Bteh.  .  078 

lanceoULtum  Bieb.  Ii7'i^ 

jpolfgamum  Spr.  -  ii79 

TraTeller'i  Joy      -  5 

Tree  Peony    .       .  18 

Tree  Punlane       -  076 

Triiopkus  Mich.     -  40 


AmpeUsagria  Fis.  40 

Tri&pua         -        -  499 

True  Service-       -  442 

Trampet  Flower    •  C60 

Tulip  Tree     .       .  36 

Tupelo  Tree  •       -  093 

Turkey  Oak  •       -  H.54 

Twrphua  Raf.        •  191 

TuUttM   .       .       .  Tl 

Twisted  Elm-       .716 

ITlexL.         .       -  199 

austrdUs  Clement  201 

europae'a  L.  -       -  200 

emtropai^a  Lin.  Sp»  201 

fati^dta  HorK     -  201 

genlttoldet  ^r<rf.  -  202 

grandiflbra  Pour.  •  200 

AiMnuca  D.MilL-  201 

mliM»r  Rotb  Cat  -  201 

miti*  Uovt.    .        -  202 

nina  For«f.   -       -  201 

prorindUia  L.      -  201 

itrlcU  Mackay     -  201 

vemdlis  Tbor«      -  200 

Ulmacec      -     715.1117 

U'lmusA.       -        -  715 

aUUMr.      .       -  725 

£lbaJC/^       .       -  723 

amfriedna  Masters  723 

americftna  L,        -  723 

&\bAAiL    -       .  724 

fdUia  variflgitis  //.  724 

inclsa  Hot/.       -  724 

pendulaParM  -  724 

riibrai^it.        .  724 

J<fiua  Pliny         -  715 

betuiof/dlia  Lodd.  717 

eamp6stris  Willd.  720 

campSsMsDulL-  718 

eampittrit  Hort.  -  7IG 

campittrU  Walt  -  726 

camp^f/ntii  Woodr.  718 

camptetrls  L.       -  715 

acutifblia  Magtert  716 

hlhtLMaUen      -  716 

betulAfbUa        -  716 

chin^nsls  -       -  717 

concavcfblla     .  717 

comubiensis      -  717 

cuculULta^orl.  .  717 

fbliis  adrds  //.  -  717 

fbllis  Tarlegads  -  717 

latifblia     -       -  716 

ninaHort.        -  717 

parrlfblia  -       -  717 

pendalaifor/.    -  783 

planifblla  -       -  717 

sami^nsis  -       -  716 

strlcU  Ifor/.      -  716 

tortubia    -       -  716 

▼iminilisH.i)..  717 

Tlrens  HarL      -  716 

vulgaris     -       .  716 

chinhuiM  Pers.      -  717 

dUainEhrh.         .  719 

crendia  Hort.       -  726 

crijpa  Willd.        -  721 

efllisa  WiUd,         -  719 

<2rd«a  Sibth.         .  720 

exofUhuit  Hon,  -  721 

F6rdii  llort          -  721 

rdlrMMick*.         .  724 

gldbra  Huds.        .  790 

gUlbra  Mm.  -       -  729 

dec6mbensll<at.  721 

gIandul6saXnMtf.  723 

latifdlU  I^mdl.  -  793 

gldbra  mdhr  Hort.  793 

microphtlla      -  723 

parvif  b^a          -  798 

p^ndula     .       -  798 

ramulbsa  Booth  -  798 

repUedia  Hort.  .  721 

Scampston  Elm.  723 

miegkUBon.-  723 

▼6geta       -       -  798 

4 


Pan 

TulgAris     .        .  7£l 

koUdndica  Wll.    •  719 

Jkorixontdlis  Hort  721 

kinum  Roth        .  717 

Ur'vis  Poll.   .       .  719 

fafy/d/ia  Mich.      -  719 

xak)OT  SmitA          -  719 

hoUandiea  Pluk.  719 

micropk^UaVvn,  -  717 

montaaa  Cam.      •  718 

montina  Baah.     -  720 

austrilis  Hort.  -  7v0 

cebenn^nsis  JVori.  720 

crispa        -       -  721 

CutfgiiU  Abr/.  -  721 

mi^or  Maatera  -  720 

minor  Masters  -  7fiO 

nigra  -       .       -^  720 

pendula     -       -  721 

rug&sa  Masters  -  720 

/SFl.Br.     -        -  9t2 

Vifgeta  Hort.      -  T£i 

Tulgirls     -       .  720 

moUlfblia  B.  8[  S.  724 

nemordtis  Ait.      .  72G 

nigra  Lodd.  -       -  720 

nitda  Ehrh.  -       -  720 

octdndra  Schk.     .  719 

parvif  blia  Jac.      -  717 

parvif  bUa  Willd.  -  72f> 

pedimeuldta  Lam.  719 

pfndula  Lodd.      .  720 

p/aniflMa  Hort.   -  717 

poi^gama  Rich.    -  726 

pkmilaVralt.        .  725 

pkmila  y/nid.       -  717 

pkmila  var.  fi  Pall.  7 1 7 

ritbra  Hort.  Soc.  -  721 

Hk^aMx.    .       .  724 

mgbsa  Lodd.        -  720 

scdbra  Mill.  .       .  720 

stricta  Lindl.        -  710 

samiensis  Lodd.  -  716 

suberbsa  Hort.      -  7.8 

•uber6sa  Jkf.  .       -  71 K 

£lba        .           .  719 

A/fra  Masters     .  719 

er§cta        -       -  719 

fbliis  Tariegitls  -  718 

variegdtam.D.  713 

Tulgftris     .        -  718 

Jl^opkrasti  Du  H.  718 

tortubsa  Lodd.      -  710 

transbascathuisV.  717 

mmindlis  Lodd.    -  717 

UmbelUlceaB   -       -  495 

Umbrella  Tree       -  27 

Uvdria  Tor.  ft  O.  .  38 

triloba  Tor.  ft  G.  -  38 

IPva-crispa  Fuchs  473 

IPva-sphM  Math.  -  473 

ITva-iirsi  buxifblid  5n 

Vaccini^SB       -       -603 

Vaccinia  Ger.  Em.  616 

paldstrls  Ger.  Em.  616 

Vacclnium  L.        -  603 

albifl6rum  Hook.  •  609 

^AwmPh.     .       .  607 

dlbttm  Lam.  -    606.  609 

amee^mtm  Alt.      .  608 

angustlfftlium  Aft.  605 

arbbreum  Marsh.  607 

Arctostiphylos  L»  61 1 

Arctostdphylos  And.  61 1 

brach6cerum  Mx.  013 

buxif^llum  So/.    .  613 

caespitdsum  Mx.    .  605 

canad§nse  Bich.    .  614 

eautdbrteum  Huds.  .572 

caracas^oum  K  ^  J9. 612 

cauc&sicum  Hort  611 

corjrmbteum  L.    •  608 

angustifblium   -  609 

fuscitum  Ait.     •  608 

vlrg&tum  Ait.    .  608 

crasiiRylium  Amtr.  614 


PaRc 

diffusion  Ait        -    007 

dtsomdrphum  Mx.     608 

dumbium  Ait.       -    607 

hamlle  Wats.    -    608 

rlevdttan  Banks    -    607 

elepdtMtm  Hort..    -    608 

elongi^tura  W.       -    609 

erytJirocdrpum  Mx.  617 

formbsum  And.     -    608 

Jrondbsvm  Mx.     -    607 

frondbsum  L.       •    610 

laitceoldtum  Vh.     611 

Tendstum  Ait.   >    61 1 

galdsans  Mx,        -    606 

ga^fbrme  Sm.      -    606 

gl&brum  WaU.     .    610 

gtaOettm  Mx.         -    610 

Bandiflbrum  W.  -  609 
rteUusa  Ait  -  607 
haspidutum  L.  Sp.  581 
hispidum  Wangh.  -  616 
humifilsum  Grah.  616 
Ugdstrinum  Mx.  -  60H 
macrocarpum  Ait.     616 

Jhl.  varieg.  Lod.  6 1 7 
maderfjueLk.  -  61 1 
mariinum  JVats.  -  6' 9 
maryidndieum  Lod.  G09 
minutiflbrum  Wa£s.  610 
Myrsinlces  Afx.     -    615 

lanceolktus  PA.  -    615 

oUasusPA.  -615 
myrtif  61ium  Mx.  -  613 
VMrtiitotdes  Mx.  -  605 
MyrtlUus  L.  '       -604 

biccis  UbU  AmXA  604 
nltidum  Aadr.  .  614 
ovitum  Pursh  -  614 
pbdif  dlium  5m.     -    611 

caucSsicum  H.  S.  611 
p&llidum  ill/.  .  606 
parv^/fdntm  Andr.  611 
pennsjflvanicum  Lm.600 
Oxgfcoccus  h.  Sp.  .    616 

ovalifbltus  Mx.  -    616 

oblongijblms  Mx.  617 
reslnb&um  ifi/.      .    611 

lut^ftcens  PA.     -    611 

rub^scensPA.  -  611 
starolneum  L.       -    enfj 

ilbum  H.  B.^K.Wr 
ten^Uura  Ait.  .  606 
uliginbsum  L.  -  605 
virgdlum  Watt.    -    608 

angustifbUum  W.  669 

VlUsldieaL.         .    612 

Valonla  Oak  •       -860 

Villa  Xr.-       .       .     58 

Pseiido-Cftisus  L.     54 

Venetian  Sumach  -    187 

Verben&cesB   -       -    673 

VibdrnuraZ.     A15. 1116 

acerlf  bllum  L,      -    523 

acuminitum  L.  Coll  522 

Awaraki5fVA.       .1116 

carolim'dnmm  Hort  619 

cassin<$Ides  L.       -    619 

cassinb'ides  Du  Roi    619 

cothiif  51ium  D.  Don  621 

dahikricum  Fall.  -    621 

dentktum  L.-       -    621 

fbliis  variesiLtis  .    62? 

Jriabiihtm  Mx.   -    621 
heidum  Alt.      .    521 
pubescens  -       .    592 
pmbtseens  Ait    -    622 
semitomentbsum     622 
ediUeP.        -       .    524 
^andifblmm  Sm.     6:i0 
jap6nicum  Aorl.  -  1116 
Isvigitum  W.      -    519 
laneeoidtum  Hill        619 
LantinaL.   -       .    5'iO 
eanadhtxis  Pers.     520 
f  bL  Tarieg.         .    520 
Lentdgo  Du  Roi   .    518 


1162 


OSN£RAL    INDEX. 


Gandif  blU  Att.  MO 
Lif  611a  Lod.  Cat.  590 

lanUnoldei  Mx.    •  biO 

UurifSrme  Lam.  -  AI7 

Lentigo  X.   -       -  AI7 

tobdium  Lam.  -  582 
longlfblium  L.  Coll.  522 

Uuiidum  MUl.        -  517 

M^/^Mz.  -  -  A24 
BontJinuin  Lo.  CoU.  522 
Afadtiika  Ham.  621.1116 

nikdum  L.     '       -  519 

Muamitum        -  519 

nltidum  if  lY.          -  522 

tpulSideM  Mfm.    -  524 

6'pulasL.    -       -  622 

ameriedna  Alt.  -  524 

edUiMMx.^       -  624 

f  M.  TarlegdtU    -  583 

nina  Hort,         -  523 

rAsraim  R.  ft  S.  •  523 

§t6T\li»Dec.       '  523 

orientileP.  -       -  524 

Ox7c6ccui  Purik  524 

m6mii         -       -  624 
subintegrlfdliu*  11.624 

pranlf61ium  L.     -  518 

pab^sceni  Purth  -  622 

fmncihtum  Raf.     -  519 

pygme^ura  RoffU  ~  1116 

pyrlfbliumP.        -  518 

Dvnr^d/tiim  Polr.  -  619 
Rattmesqui&nwn  Sc.  622 

titiknwb  Zeyk.        -  1116 

aquamdtttm  WtUd.  519 

tUUnlittum  WaU.  -  1116 

rm  M  MUl.  Diet.  -  617 

TlnuiZr.       -       -  616 

hirtaiffV.  -       -  A17 

li^cida  if  tit  -       -  617 

tXxicXMHort.      -  617 

▼irgitaifi/.        -  617 

tomfntdsum  Lam.  620 

tomentdntm  Raf.  -  622 

trilabum  Marsh.  -  584 

ftffdntmRaf.         -  622 

VlncaX.        -       -  657 

miior  L.       -       -  6^7 

mdjor  Scop.  -       -  657 

TariegJita  irar<.  -  657 

m^rfra  Dellle         -  &a 

mlDor  L.      -       -  657 

avtitlflbra  Bert.     -  668 

Vb\9tXtioLod.C.'  668 


fftre  pltao  Lod.    •   668 

lldre  punlceo  L.   -    658 

fbliUarg6nteliL.-    656 

Ibitli  aareif  Lod,  -    668 

Vine      ...    136 

r(6ma  Ger.  ft  Lob.       6 

VirgaVLMth.-       .    502 

tanguinea  Hatth.     602 

VirgilUL.     .       .    197 

likteaAfA      -       -    198 

yirginian  Cherry  .    274 

Virginian  Creeper  -    139 

Ftrgmiau  Ratpberrjf  817 

Virgin's  Bower       .       2 

VlscumL.      -       -    508 

£lbum  L.      -       .609 

VitAcese         -  136.  1113 

VltezX.        -       -    673 

A'gDus  CIstus      .    673 

latlfMU  Jtfitf.     .    674 

arb6rea  Ro*.        -    674 

Indsa  Lam.  -       -    674 

NegAndo  Bi.  Mag,    674 

Vitidaa  Momch     .      1 1 

deltoideaMotnch  -      11 

Vltli      X.  136.  141.  1113 

•stivills  Jtfx.        .    137 

arbdreaVfttlA.      .    140 

bipinndia  T.  ft  G.     140 

capreoldta  D.  Don    146 

cordifblia  JIfx.       -    138 

kedericea  Willd.  .    139 

heterophf  11a  5.     .1113 

Ate'a  ribra  Cam.      612 

iftOga  Jacq.  .       .138 

indsa  Nutt.  .       -140 

indivisaV/im.      .    140 

intermedia  MUhl. .    137 

Labrtisca  L.  •       -    137 

Xa  Fuch.  .       .        6 
aHisima  Donn    138 
paimdta  Vahl       .    137 
parvlfdlia  iZiwIr    .1113 
quinotufdiia  Ljun .     189 
rfplLriaJ#«.  .       -188 
rotundifblia  "Ux.  -    188 
taurtna  WaU.        .    137 
TiniferaL.    -       >    136 
ameridtna  Marsb .  1 37 
aplifblia  lacinidsa  137 
(bliis  Incftnis      .    137 
rubescfotibus      187 
TttlplnaL.    -       -    138 
VH^rttMi  L.  Spec.  -    188 


V6gleraYiyitlL    •    SoS 

nmoMFLWeL  -    907 

WaJtoo    ...    725 

Walnut  Ttm.       .    782 

fVa$kingtan**  Tkom  867 

Wag  Tree       .       .680 

Wayfaring  Tree     .    690 

Weeping  Ash         .    640 

Weeping  Elm         -    721 

Weeping  WiUow    .    767 

Weigilia  Thwih.  -    625 

WendtAndiaVJmd.       41 

poptdifblia  WUld.        41 

Weymouth  Pine    >  1018 

Whin      ...    200 

White  Beam  Tree  -    432 

White  Cedar  .       -  1074 

White  Mulberry     .    707 

WhiU  Thorn  -       .    875 

Whortle  Berry       .    »t4 

Wild  Olive      -     187.  696 

Willow  .       .744 

Winteriicev    .    20.  III! 

Winter  Berry         -    ira 

Wist&riaA^.    -       .    *i48 

cfain6uBis  Drc.      .    249 

Coneequdna  Loud.     249 

frut^scens  Dec.     -    219 

epecibga  Nutt.       .    249 

Witch  Hazel  -        -    499 

Woodbine       .       .    6/7 

Wormwood    .        >    650 

WyehElm      .        -    7*20 

H^  Hotel   -    72a  917 

Xanthorhlaa  L.      •      19 

apiifblia  VHiHt.  .     20 

XanthoxyUkceae      .    142 

Xanth6xylum  L.    -    142 

fraxlneum  Willd.  -    142 

virglnicum         >    143 

mVUeWtttd.  .       -    443 

tricirpum  J£r.      .    143 

rtricdrpmn  -       .143 

virghUenm  L.  C.  .    142 

J^lftiteofi  Bieb.      .    640 

a^riaan  Bleb.      -    640 

XyH^enm  Lodd.   >    689 

atpigmum  Lodd.  .    539 

campan{/ldrum  Lod.  636 

canadinse  DnH.  -    MO 

cthdtum  Ph.  .    .%36 

corddtwH  Momch  >    535 

dumetbrttm  Mopnch  537 

iwoolmcrdium  Rich.  638 


o6lo«g(jfM«OT  Gold,  tm 
pyrenitcmn  Toiuro.  586 
SU^iBM  Katao        •     540 
taiAricmn  Dtam.    -    636 
pillbsum  M&.        .    540 
Yellow  Root  .       -       90 
Yellow  Rote  .       .    899 
Yew        -       -       -    989 
Y6cca  X.        .       .  1101 
aloiRiUa  L.    •       -  UOI 
p^odnUCStf.      .1101 
angottUbUa       .  1104 
arbor49cem  DDL  -  1102 
eanadina  Aid.      .  UOI 
eanUoeem  Ux.      .  1102 
dracdnlal,.   .        .  1108 
filamentdsa  .        .1108 
fltodda/Tav.        .  il04 
glanrfscens  g.     .  1104 
gloridaa  Andr.      •  1109 
gloridaaX.    -       -  1101 
(bliisvaiteg.XroA  1102 
indicm-  .    1101 

ndtfa  floribta  Lob.  1101 
permSlna  (»er.       -  1101 
rec^rwa  Hort.       >  llOi 
recurrifbUa  SaUt.  -  1101 
stricta  5nm  -  1108 

SQp^rba         .       .  1102 
mrgrniina  Pluk.  -  llOB 
Ymlan  Ift^noUm     •      83 
~        '  MOLD.  149 

MU1J>.  149 
Garta.     149 
Mm.   10 
dd9a  HiremliMlAxi.    U9 
MitrWiUd.   .        .    149 
ram^rwm  Mz.    -    149 
tric&rpmm  Hook.  -    149 
Zelkoda        >         -    7>6 
Zenhbla  D.  Dan     -    668 
tpeci6sa  D.  Don    >    661 
nttlda         .       .664 
pulTcmlenta      >    664 
Zixyphos  Tbwns.    .    lt>7 
flexnbia        •       -    1« 
incarva  •        •    l€(f 

J^MoMIII.Dict.  167 
PoMrat  WUld.»p.  IM 
jMT/iMi  Detfl  •  .167 
sinensis  Lmm.  >  168 
spina  Cbrlsti  -  168 
voMIMb  Willd.  -  170 
Tulgiris  I.MS.       -    167 


THE   END. 


LONDON : 
DALZIBL   BROTHERS. 
CAMDEN   PRBSS. 


.11 


II 

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